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0.998449 |
Find the perfect flower color to radiate good energy in your home!
The best time of the year is the spring when flowers bloom and soft dew fills the mornings. Buying flowers for your house becomes increasingly tempting as beautiful bouquets pop up around farmers markets and grocery stores, so here is what each flower color means!
Red flowers historically symbolize passion. They demand a room's attention and usually are representative of romance, however, red can also symbolize power, respect, and courage. If you are looking to create thing energy in your house, red roses are a great option (although sometimes pricey)!
Blue is a classic symbol of peace and prosperity. To create a serene and open feeling to your home, try buying a bouquet that has hydrangea or cornflowers in it!
White flowers symbolize humility, innocence, sympathy, and purity. They create a gentleness to any bouquet and can radically bring out the colors of other flowers. Some great white flowers to look for in a bouquet are lilies!
Pink symbolizes happiness and love, whereas red is passion. A mix of red and pink flowers can be the perfect gift to give to a romantic partner. However, they are also a symbol of grace and sweetness. There are a ton of great pink flowers, but some of the best for bouquets are lilies, roses, daisies, tulips, or snapdragons.
Lavender flowers symbolize elegance, refinement, and youth. Lavender is a great option to have around the house because not only is the coloring bold and beautiful, but it has a great scent!
Orange flowers are bold and passionate. They can add life to any room and put a smile on anyone's face because they radiate excitement. Marigolds, poppies, and strawflowers look great in a vase and brighten the whole atmosphere of a room.
Flowers can definitely be pricey, especially around holidays. Another way to receive the benefits of the energy flowers exert is to plant a garden! This way you are able to have flowers year-round and can cut them to place around your home. Pick a vibe, pick a color, and get going on decorating!
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0.998855 |
The comedic interrupters Yes Men showed up at TransCanada’s “trade show” dressed in nearly identical blue shirts and khakis to answer questions about the Keystone XL pipeline and its cousin, the Energy East pipeline. Watch the video to see how you too can interrupt immoral corporate shenanigans.
Context: TransCanada is a mining company that wants to make money off one of the last massive tar sand deposits in the world. Climate scientists agree that expanding tar sands mining will force a massive amount of carbon pollution into the earth’s atmosphere and tip our planet over it’s energy budget. It is our moral duty to stop this from happening.
God established a liveable zone for human thriving. As strange as it seems, immoral leadership – both in politics and business – is wreaking havoc on the basic stuff of life – air, water, soil, and the most vulnerable in our communities — the unborn, the elderly, and those who are sick or weak.
Stopping TransCanada from expanding tar sands mining by stopping the pipelines through which tar sands sludge will be shipped is just one front on which we are called to wage peace, environmental stewardship, and the right to life.
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0.999926 |
The following instructions require that you have already created a doll page and/or a sponsor page.
1. In the search box in the top right corner of any page, type in the name of your doll and click the Search button.
2. In the list of search results, find your doll's page and click on it.
3. Once you are on your doll's page, copy the url to your clipboard.
4. Go to the Contents menu, then Doll Directory.
5. On the Doll Directory page, click the Edit button at the bottom.
6. Look at the entries already in the directory. They are in alphabetical order by First Name. Determine where your doll will fit, then insert a blank line in that position.
7. Type an open bracket — [ — then paste the url of your doll's page from your clipboard.
8. Space over 1 space and type the name of your doll: First, Middle, and Last (remember her last name is the date you created her in the form mmddyy).
1. In the search box in the top right corner of any page, type in your Username and click the Search button.
2. In the list of search results, find your sponsor page and click on it.
3. Once you are on your sponsor page, copy the url to your clipboard.
4. Go to the Contents menu, then Sponsor Directory.
5. On the Sponsor Directory page, click the Edit button at the bottom.
6. Look at the entries already in the directory. They are in alphabetical order by Username. Determine where your listing will fit, then insert a blank line in that position.
7. Type an open bracket — [ — then paste the url of your sponsor page from your clipboard.
8. Space over 1 space and type your Username.
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0.999891 |
Grandiosity and exaggerated self-worth. Pathological lying. Manipulation. Lack of remorse. Shallowness. Exploitation for financial gain. These are the qualities of Almost Psychopaths. They are not the deranged criminals or serial killers who might be coined "psychopaths" in the movies or on TV. They are spouses, coworkers, bosses, neighbors, and people in the news who exhibit many of the same behaviors as a full-blown psychopath, but with less intensity and consistency.
The Psychopath Exposed: Understanding and Dealing with an Emotional Predator is not just another book about psychopaths/sociopaths; it saves you time! You can listen to it in about one hour and get all the information you need to understand and deal with a psychopath or sociopath.
Yes it also teaches you how to deal with a psychopath/sociopath! Dealing with psychopaths will naturally cause controversy, with some claiming that it's dangerous, or impossible. I never liked the word "impossible". While I designed the methods in my book to be as safe as possible, dealing with a psychopath/sociopath is always potentially risky, regardless of whether you do nothing or something. But I don't underestimate the intelligence of you, the listener, so I list all my methods, whether some consider them "dangerous" or not. Naturally it is up to you to decide which method you should use.
What is the typical psychopath behavior?
Are all psychopaths the same?
Do psychopaths have any "normal" feelings and needs?
Do psychopaths have any "normal" relations with other people?
Why does a psychopath care so little about other people and their feelings?
Why and how does a psychopath manipulate you?
Why and how does a psychopath enter a "romantic relationship"?
How do you discontinue a relationship with a psychopath?
Who is this book for? This book was created first and foremost for regular people and will, in a quick and easy way, explain all you need to know about psychopaths for practical purposes. It will teach you what a psychopath is and how they "think", with practical tips on what you can do to prevent being emotionally and psychologically compromised.
Brochure or book? Hard to tell.
I love the subject of Psychopaths. This book didn't do it for it for me. Here is why:1. The author did not seem knowledgeable. He sounded "fake" (as though he said, "Hey, I think I'll write a book about Psychopaths" and then took notes from other books and discussed them.2. The reader. Bad pronunciations, bad timing and no sense of "ownership" (It sounded as though he were reading.). 3. I kept waiting for the book to begin. Finally, when the Epilog came along, I thought, "Oh, it's a brochure to make the audience believe the author knows something about psychopathy" He is neither knowledgeable, like Robert Hare, nor entertaining like Jon Ronson. To make it a four or five star? Nope. Not this book. If the reader had been acceptable, it might have gotten 3 stars.
What didn’t you like about Greg Zarcone’s performance?
Word pronunciation, timing and sense of "ownership" He was reading...really reading. It just sounded strange.
What character would you cut from The Psychopath Exposed?
Audible has an tremendous assortment of books on psychopaths. I have enjoyed them all very much (up to this one). Robert Hare is the master of the subject while Jon Ronson is by far the most entertaining.
I liked this as an introduction. pretty solid work. good real world examples.
Very informative! I find myself somehow tangled up with a psychopath. Validation and a true understanding of my circumstance seems unattainable from most sources. Via family, friend, police ect.. Knowledge on the subject has been my saving grace! I encourage others that find themselves dealing with these predators to gain real knowledge and understanding of your predator. This book is very easy to follow and supportive! Excellent book Jonas Warstad!! Thank you for your display of knowledge and understanding on the subject!
Readers: please learn how to pronounce the words "psychopathy" and "sociopathy"
Right? If you're reading an entire book on the subject?
Otherwise, this book is concise and contains a lot of good information. A good primer.
Having read the books the author cited, I did not find anything original in it.
This is an excellent source to quickly identify, understand, and learn how to deal & defend yourself from sociopaths / psychopaths. The author present many useful information and references to well recognized books of other experts in the field to sustains his explanations. As the title said, you'll learn what a sociopath / psychopath is, tests to identify the levels of the psychopath, what to expect from it, how to deal and defend yourself from a psychopath as well as many other related things. You'll also get references to other sources to get depth knowledge on the subject. The narrator did a good job with this audiobook too. I'm very satisfied with the content of this audiobook.
God advice given how to deal with people with this personality disorder.
I am very grateful for this book. It has been a great resource so far. I have also applied some techniques from the book which have worked very well. I will be listening to this book again!
This book was ok , nothing interesting learned !!
Would you try another book written by Jonas Warstad or narrated by Greg Zarcone?
Not sure as I did not find this as good as similar titles.
Would you recommend The Psychopath Exposed to your friends? Why or why not?
As a beginners book yes, but not for someone that wants to extend their basic knowledge of the topic.
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0.884345 |
Desert ecology in the modern age.
Arid environments, often seen as barren wastelands, are surprisingly diverse, often harboring high levels of endemic species. The plants and animals of desert ecosystems have evolved unique adaptations and a variety of survival strategies to compensate for high temperatures, lack of water, and alkaline soils. One strategy used by many desert animals is to spend large amounts of time (~80%) in thermoregulatory refugia, like an underground burrow. Because these species are not often seen during the day, it gives the illusion that deserts lack wildlife.
In North American deserts we are losing large tracts of continuous wildland and wildlife habitat as development rapidly increases. These pressures increase the risk of extinction for desert species through habitat loss, fragmentation, and isolation.
In order to protect these wild places and the species that live there we need to change our patterns and develop closer to urban areas. Increasing development in and around city centers would not only protect habitat, it could increase productivity by using existing infrastructure and provide local job opportunities.
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0.999872 |
The headline for a major article in the Newbury Weekly News on 28 March was ‘Terrorism will never keep us apart’. The subheading was ‘Local community shows its support for Newbury Muslims in the wake of the shootings in Christchurch, New Zealand’. Howard and Maria Grace, with a dozen others, displayed solidarity with local Muslims as they arrived at the mosque for Friday prayers on 22 March. This was deeply appreciated, and the group were invited in for the end of prayers. Placards held by them read: ‘In Friendship we Stand with you Against Hate’ and ‘In Solidarity with our Muslim Brothers and Sisters’.
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0.967405 |
API to fetch Stock Postion for All Depots under a particular Revenue District and for a particular Commodity. Parameters passed are Transaction Date, Revenue State ID, Revenue District ID and Commodity ID. /// e.g. http://www.iisfm.nic.in/RStock/20120101/RsId/01/012/01/Depots Date Format is yyyyMMdd. The output can be drilled down upto individual Depot.
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0.963402 |
Imagine starting your day on a yoga retreat in Portugal with the warm morning sun coming through. Breathing in the fresh salty sea breeze, you're ready to take on a beautiful new day full of deepening your yoga practice on the beach, in the city, or in the mountains. Portugal is a diverse yoga destination, where you're offered to options to design your yoga retreat as you wish. Many yoga organizers offer you to combine your yoga retreat with surf lessons or adventurous hikes.
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0.999993 |
There you have it - the UK has voted in favour of Brexit, after a four-month campaign.
Prime Minister David Cameron announced his intention to resign by early October, to allow a new leader to steer the party and the country through the Conservative Party conference and beyond, to the many months of negotiations to come.
The markets had expected the whole thing to be in the bag for Remain, but by midnight, as results began to come in, that certainty began to diminish. By early morning, panic had set in, and the Pound was down 7% against the Dollar.
Share prices opened sharply lower, as financial institutions took fright. It has been estimated that $2trn has evaporated as a result of the market turbulence of the past day or so. Rating agencies have swooped in, and downgraded their assessments of the UK's creditworthiness, following the vote for Brexit.
As Mr Cameron wrapped up his address outside No10, his voice notably cracked. It was a speech brimming with emotion. Just over 6 years after he walked gleefully into No10, at the helm of a coalition government, Mr Cameron is now facing up to the final days of his stint in office.
Turnout was a respectable 72% up and down the country; turnout of this magnitude hasn't been seen at a general election since the 1990s.
72% turnout equates to about 33m people voting. The Leave option received 17.4m votes, a 51.9% vote share, against Remain, which garnered 16.1m votes or 48.1% of votes.
To put this into perspective, the figures are record-breaking; before June 23rd, the highest number of votes for any one party in UK history had been the shock 14m who voted to keep John Major in No10, during the tumultuous election of 1992.
The country voted for Brexit, but it's important to remember, the UK is still a member of the EU right at this moment, and will remain so, until the next Prime Minister invokes Article 50 of the Lisbon Treaty, and the UK completes negotiations. The actual Brexit itself could take a minimum of 2 years.
The referendum brought millions out to vote, but it's still not actually legally binding. The AV referendum in 2011 was legally binding, but this was because it concerned a massive overhaul of the UK's voting system. The people have had their say, but ultimate sovereignty remains with the UK Parliament that the people elect to represent them. What happens if Parliament votes to reject leaving the EU?
Vote Leave repeatedly faced criticism for running with a punchline: £50m per day or £350m per week is sent to the EU, and if we leave, the government can keep the cash, and spend it on the NHS. Adjusting for rebates and EU spending on subsidies and so on, the figure is likely half that at best.
Nigel Farage himself has admitted the pledge is a "mistake", despite having claimed on Question Time that the money would be better spent "helping the communities of Britain".
Scotland and Northern Ireland voted overwhelmingly in favour of staying, and Nicola Sturgeon has stated that a second independence referendum is "on the table". In the event of one, Scotland is highly likely to be granted its independence, overturning the outcome almost 2 years ago. Northern Ireland's Deputy First Minister has called for a border poll, reflecting the fact that NI is the only part of the UK that shares a border with another EU member state.
The story is simple: Brexit isn't quite the sunlit upland people were told it was going to be, and significant numbers of voters are now starting to question whether the Leave campaign's pledges can be upheld. Then there's the question about whether the UK will come out of this whole ordeal intact.
Our next PM might just proceed to invoke Article 50, and the Brexit goes ahead, resulting in the break-up of the UK. 300 years of union will go up in a puff of smoke, just like that. England and Wales plod on, and that's that.
The other theory is not immediately apparent, but worth bearing in mind. Our next PM might just reject the idea of Brexit altogether for the sake of keeping the UK intact. In doing so, they would be sacrificing themselves and the Conservatives, going against the wishes of the 52%.
Whether it's Boris Johnson, Theresa May or Francis Urqhart, Mr Cameron's successor will have a massive in-tray on day one.
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0.944349 |
There are numerous contemporary interior design styles, which is good because we all have different tastes, we all like something different in our living spaces. Where one style may make you feel comfortable and at home, another style, that appeals to someone else, may make you feel awkward or out of place. Lets take a brief look at some common styles that are popular today.
Contemporary - Yes, the first contemporary interior design style we will look at is actually called contemporary. When I think of the contemporary style, I think of simple and clean lines. It focuses more on function than on a lot of decorative pieces. Some people think of contemporary as being harsh and unfriendly, but when done properly, it gives a feeling of simplicity and peace. Furniture used in such a room has nice, simple straight lines, no curves or fancy carvings. The contemporary style often features black and white or neutral tones, but it is usually balanced with a well planned splash of color. This can be accomplished with a large block of bright paint on a wall or a carefully placed piece of furniture, but my favorite accent is a nice piece of modern art hanging on the wall.
Country - this style is very comfy, it uses natural material and features handcrafted items. It has been interesting to watch this style gain popularity over the last decade. If you cannot find an old piece of furniture, then it has become common to distress new pieces to make them look older. That is part of the charm of the country style. Since this style is inspired from nature, colors can vary a lot, but concentrate on greens, blues, reds, browns and whites. Any type of earthy textures and material look great. Country style is also well accented with art, though preferably something that looks hand crafted.
Art Deco - this is a style that originally appeared in the early 1920's and 1930's, but is returning as a interior design styles style. It took aspects of ancient cultures and combined it with modern styles. Examples of art deco can be seen everywhere, from architecture to art, and is starting to become popular again. I have an old chair from this era, and have recently noticed that new styles resemble my original chair. Art deco interior design is streamlined and geometric, usually combining straight lines with elegant curves. A mix of elements, such as wood, glass and metal is always good. Various colors can be used if the shape and forms are correct. And, since modernism was a popular art style of the time, abstract art pieces that mimic the curves and styles of the original Art Deco period is a must. This can range from geometric modern paintings, to sculptures that have that sought after curve. Art Deco is a resurgence of an older style that has become a popular contemporary interior design style of today.
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0.960928 |
Previous studies have shown that neural machine translation (NMT) models can benefit from modeling translated (Past) and un-translated (Future) source contents as recurrent states (Zheng et al., 2018). However, the recurrent process is less interpretable. In this paper, we propose to model Past and Future by Capsule Network (Hinton et al.,2011), which provides an explicit separation of source words into groups of Past and Future by the process of parts-to-wholes assignment. The assignment is learned with a novel variant of routing-by-agreement mechanism (Sabour et al., 2017), namely Guided Dynamic Routing, in which what to translate at current decoding step guides the routing process to assign each source word to its associated group represented by a capsule, and to refine the representation of the capsule dynamically and iteratively. Experiments on translation tasks of three language pairs show that our model achieves substantial improvements over both RNMT and Transformer. Extensive analysis further verifies that our method does recognize translated and untranslated content as expected, and produces better and more adequate translations.
Most machine translation systems generate text autoregressively, by sequentially predicting tokens from left to right. We, instead, use a masked language modeling objective to train a model to predict any subset of the target words, conditioned on both the input text and a partially masked target translation. This approach allows for efficient iterative decoding, where we first predict all of the target words non-autoregressively, and then repeatedly mask out and regenerate the subset of words that the model is least confident about. By applying this strategy for a constant number of iterations, our model improves state-of-the-art performance levels for constant-time translation models by over 3 BLEU on average. It is also able to reach 92-95% of the performance of a typical left-to-right transformer model, while decoding significantly faster.
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0.917173 |
When it comes to implementing an SEO program, there are many factors a company needs to consider. What are your goals? What resources are available internally? What areas should you invest in to be successful? The best option for your company will depend on a complete assessment of what you want to accomplish with an SEO program, the internal time and budget resources available, the level of expertise required, and how SEO will fit into your integrated marketing mix.
Before diving into the logistics, it is important to understand what it takes to perform SEO correctly and effectively. An assessment of expectations should be completed before determining how and where resources will be allocated. Is traffic or sales more important? Is there a geographic set of goals? What are the business outcomes and the interim milestone goals? What does a solid SEO program look like? Do you have the time and expertise necessary to carry out such a program? Once you have established goals, you can better determine whether or not you have the manpower, time, and level of expertise required to deliver success.
Once goals are established, your company will have to determine a budget. Setting a budget helps to properly strategize how your program will operate. One of the primary questions to consider for a budget is whether or not staff is available to manage an SEO program, or if hiring a dedicated in-house SEO expert is a realistic option. It is important to keep in mind that a well-maintained SEO program requires a significant time commitment— 50 – 100 hours per month could be expected. If neither option is feasible, finding an SEO agency may be a worthwhile alternative. Even with an agency, though, you’ll need to designate an employee who will own the program and help ensure success.
There are many educational resources available to help users learn about SEO, as well as tools that can maintain various components of an SEO program. Choosing to remain in-house may help absorb some costs, but it may become necessary to invest money in tools necessary to implement and maintain an SEO program. Total costs for a complete suite of on- and off-website resources should also be factored into your budget. Remember that a correctly executed SEO program can take an average of 4 – 6 months to deliver real results. Your company should decide whether it has the time and money to experiment with various tools.
Another factor to consider is the level of knowledge at hand in comparison to the knowledge required to carry out SEO. An effective SEO program is multifaceted; it is imperative to understand how various components—such as content writing, link signals, page-load factors, platforms, and more—work together to drive results. While someone in-house may have enough time to dedicate to SEO efforts, you should consider whether or not they have the level of foundational knowledge needed as well as the extra time required to stay up to date with important changes in a fast-paced industry. Agencies that specialize in SEO are committed to keeping up with the latest industry news, trends, resources, and best practices. In addition, agencies usually have experience managing SEO for a wide range of clients. By investing in an agency, your company essentially purchases a level of reliability, experience, and accountability that is not always attainable internally.
After considering internal resources and capabilities, you should determine how SEO will fit with other marketing efforts. Companies that already work with agencies for other marketing tactics may choose to take the same route with SEO. Many agencies also provide a full range of services to help integrate SEO with overall marketing efforts to boost its effectiveness. If your company decides that working with an agency is the most cost-effective option, it is critical to define what the agency’s unique role will be within or in conjunction with your existing marketing structure.
A decision on how to invest in an SEO program will ultimately depend on your company’s goals and resources. With all these considerations taken into account, your company should be able to easily determine how and where to allocate resources in order to implement an SEO program and find success with it.
Have you decided to keep SEO in-house? Stay tuned. In a later post, we’ll discuss how to implement and manage an in-house SEO program.
How does your company manage SEO efforts? Do you work with an agency? Let us know in the comments.
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0.931546 |
We are going to watch a film with Classical themes: “Percy Jackson: Sea of Monsters” (2013).
– What details make this mythological scene recognizable?
– Explain what mythological scene(s) or figure(s) are depicted. If a scene is depicted, explain how it relates to the story from which it comes. If a mythological figure depicted, write an encyclopedia-like description of the characteristics and associations of the figure, and briefly mention some of the stories associated with the figure.
– Is there a discernable relationship between the scene in the movie and the mythological scene represented?
– Who made the film?
Find out who directed the film, and what other films this director made. If you’ve seen some of these other films, you’ll have a better understanding of the themes and genres that the director is interested in.
– What is the production history of the film?
See if you can find out anything about the conditions under which the film was made. ‘Apocalypse Now’, for example, has an interesting production history, in terms of its financing, casting, writing, and so on. Knowing something about the film’s production can help you to understand some of the aesthetic and cinematic choices that the director has made.
– What do the critics and scholars say?
Reading what others have said about the film before you see it may help you to focus your observations. If a film is particularly well known for the editing of a certain scene (the shower scene in Hitchcock’s ‘Psycho’, for example), you’ll want to pay close attention to the editing when you view the film.
– What can you learn from the film’s genre?
Before you see the film, think a bit about the norms and limitations of its genre. When you view the film, you can then consider how these limitations are obeyed or stretched. For example, Clint Eastwood’s ‘Unforgiven’ is a western that challenges its genre’s typical notions of good guy versus bad guy. Knowing how this dynamic plays itself out in other westerns helps you to understand and to appreciate Eastwood’s accomplishment.
– Does the film reflect an interesting cultural phenomenon?
Films reflect the cultures and nations in which they were produced. Hollywood films, one might argue, reflect certain things about our nation’s culture: our love of distraction, our attraction to adrenaline and testosterone, our need for good to triumph over evil, and our belief that things work out in the end. Other cultures and nations have different values and so produce different sorts of films. Sometimes these films baffle us. We might watch a French film, for example, and wonder why it’s funny. Or we might watch a Russian film and wonder why the director never calls for a close up. Consider differences. Find out if these differences reflect something about the national character, or if they reflect trends in the national cinema.
1. Your answer should be at least 500 words long.
2. Proofread carefully. With today’s computer spell and grammar checks, there is no excuse for sloppy errors.
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0.965302 |
This World Health Day, why not try implementing some good habits? Here are a few tips for better mental health and well-being.
We all struggle with our mental health from time to time. Despite how common these experiences may be, many of us still frequently neglect our mental health and fall into harmful patterns of behavior.
Mental health is every bit as important as physical health, and it doesn't take much to implement helpful strategies to aid your well-being. There are a number of small tasks you can do every day to boost your mood and keep yourself in good mental health.
In honor of World Health Day, here is a list of some top mental health habits that have been recommended by healthcare professionals.
Despite how common mental health issues are in our society, the subject of mental illness still carries a huge stigma. As a result, many people are reluctant to seek help in their time of need.
It's estimated that 75% of Americans and Europeans afflicted with mental illness don't seek treatment. It's so important to break this stigma and to consult a general practitioner when you feel something is wrong.
Symptoms to look out for are the loss of appetite, sleeplessness, persistent low mood (for two weeks or more), and/or suicidal ideation. Make a habit of treating your mental health the same way you treat your physical health; if you feel unwell, go to a doctor.
While it is obvious to many that eating a healthy diet can benefit your physical health, it also has an enormous effect on your mental health too. Recent studies by the Linyi People's Hospital in China have shown a link between depression and consumption of high-sugar, heavily processed foods.
For better mental health, researchers recommend increasing your intake of fresh fruit and vegetables, omega fatty acids, and whole grains. Being more mindful of what you put into your body can result in a huge improvement in your mood.
Much like a good diet, exercise is something that is usually associated with a healthy body as opposed to a healthy mind. However, according to Dr. Michael Craig Miller, assistant professor of psychiatry at Harvard, exercise can also be highly effective in combatting depression.
Performing high-intensity cardio exercise for even just 30 minutes a day can release powerful endorphins that boost mood. Long-term low-intensity exercise has also been linked to the production of neurotrophic proteins, which improve brain function and alleviate depression.
There are a number of meditation techniques which can help alleviate the symptoms of mental illnesses like depression and anxiety. This fact is according to Dr. Michael McGee, Clinical Instructor in Psychiatry at McLean Hospital, Harvard.
Practicing mindfulness is recommended by doctors for sufferers of anxiety disorders. Meditation allows those dealing with mental health issues to focus on the present, without letting their worries for the future impede their mood.
Take some time every day to clear your mind and focus on your breathing to relieve the effects of stress and anxiety.
While many consider sleeplessness to be a symptom of mental illness, recent research suggests that it may be a cause of poor mental health. Sleep, particularly deep sleep, is crucial for maintaining a healthy mind, according to leading sleep scientists like Berkley's Professor Matthew P. Walker.
Doctors recommend practicing good "sleep hygiene" - only use your bedroom for sleeping, cut out the use of electronic devices before bedtime, and keep the atmosphere cool and dark. If you still have trouble sleeping, consider cutting out caffeine or increasing your physical activity during the day.
Social media may seem like a convenient, easy way to keep in touch with people, but it can also have a negative effect on your mental health. Recent studies show a link between frequent social media use and symptoms of depression and anxiety.
Adolescents are particularly susceptible to the ill effects of social media, warns the American Academy of Pediatrics. Try to limit your use to a few hours a day, or even a few days a week.
Make a greater effort to socialize in person, rather than online, for the best results on your mental health.
You probably kept a journal or diary during your teenage years, but it's a habit that's worth picking up again as an adult. Writing down how you are feeling has been proven to benefit your mental health, and help you keep track of your moods.
Doctors Paul Ballas and Marianne Fraser recommend journaling to combat anxiety and depression, as it allows you to take account of your worries and fears and helps you to identify possible triggers and patterns of behavior. Try to get into the habit of writing once a day, even if its just a bullet point list.
It is important not to suppress how you are feeling when dealing with a mental health issue. The build-up of suppressed feelings can often lead to depression, according to research carried out by Carrie A. Langner, Elissa Epel, Karen Matthews, Judith T. Moskowitz, and Nancy Adler.
Speak to your friends or family about your struggles. Not only does this help to destigmatize mental illness, but opening up can offer you a different perspective on your situation.
You might even be surprised to find how many people you know relate to how you are feeling. You should never feel like you need to struggle alone.
You might be surprised to learn that hydration can have a huge effect on your mental health. Your brain is made of 75% water, and so the loss of hydration can have some serious effects on your mood, concentration, and cognitive function.
This was previously noted in studies conducted by the University of Connecticut. Recommended fluid intake for adults varies from 2.7 liters for women to 3.7 liters for men.
Keep in mind that these figures include fluids other than water, and the fluids contained in the food you eat. To stay well-hydrated, start your day with a glass of water and drink 2-3 glasses of water with each meal.
There's truth to the old saying "Laughter is the best medicine". Laughing regularly can help you ease out the effects of depression and anxiety, so says Dr. Robert T. Muller.
Much like exercise, laughter allows for the release of endorphins which can boost your mood. Laughter also helps us create stronger bonds with people, as recent research has discovered.
So put on your favorite funny movie, or take a trip out to a comedy club. You could end up feeling better and making close friendships in the process.
It is easy to get into a routine of moving between your home and the office, but getting outside and experiencing nature is crucial for good mental health. Dr. Douglas LaBier advocates spending time in the great outdoors to improve your mood.
Your being close to nature will help you with practicing mindfulness, which is effective in alleviating stress and anxiety. Research notes that areas with significant biodiversity, and/or a body of water, can be especially beneficial to your mental health.
So whether you stroll through your local park or go hiking in the woods, it is important to get outdoors and spend some time in nature.
Most of us were warned against slouching by our parents growing up, but there are proven benefits to standing up straight when it comes to mental health. New research from the University of Auckland suggests that good posture can relieve stress and boost self-esteem.
Sitting and standing upright can make you perceive your energy as being higher, and make it more difficult to engage in negative thoughts and self-criticism. It is a small habit that can go a long way towards improving your mental health.
Who doesn't love snuggling with a furry animal? As it turns out, petting and cuddling your cat or dog can help combat the effects of depression and ease stress.
Studies have proven that physical contact with pets releases hormones like dopamine, which foster strong bonds and boost mood. Sufferers of mental illnesses also cite caring for a pet as a source of renewed self-esteem, as it gives them a purpose and sense of worthiness.
Dr. Marc Bekoff attests to the positive influence of companion animals on mental health.
Like regular exercise, dancing can help improve your mental health drastically. Professor Peter Lovatt is a proponent of dance therapy as a method of treating depression.
Research has shown that dancing can improve your mood, and that the effects can be long-lasting. Though research is still on-going to fully understand the links between dance and improved mental health, more and more professionals are suggesting dance as a method of combatting depression.
So hit the floor and dance like no one's watching!
In today's busy world, multitasking has become a far more common and accepted method of working. Unfortunately, juggling so many things at once can strike a serious blow to our mental health.
Multitasking has been linked to increased levels of stress and anxiety, which can lead to low mood, according to doctors Cynthia Kubu and Andre Machado. Instead of multitasking, prioritize your tasks and get to them one at a time.
You will find that you can focus better on each individual task, and your mood will improve too.
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While the division of responsibilities between landlord and tenant for all ‘dwelling-related matters’ are commonly known, what about those of the land?
Gardens typically aren’t at the top of a tenant’s priority list when searching for a rental property.
Subsequently, if a tenant leases a house with a high-maintenance garden, the ongoing upkeep and care may fall by the wayside.
Given this, it’s important that all parties hold a comprehensive understanding of their responsibilities regarding garden maintenance – any good property manager will ensure this is the case.
Generally, unless the tenancy agreement states differently, tenants are responsible for the maintenance of lawn including mowing, edging, watering, weeding, and fertilising.
This is also the case for garden beds and bushes and shrubs, which are to be pruned by the tenant.
These tasks fall under the ‘general maintenance’ responsibilities, which usually require the tenant to ensure the garden is maintained to a standard set at the start of the tenancy.
On the other hand, landlords are generally responsible for providing some equipment, such as hoses and sprinklers.
In some tenancy agreements, though, it’s the responsibility of the tenant to replace broken sprinkler heads.
Landlords also typically need to maintain reticulation systems, clean gutters and lop overgrown trees.
While landlords are generally responsible for keeping gutters clean, it’s the tenant’s responsibility to advise the property manager of any potential blockages or water leaks.
If the tenant doesn’t report an obvious issue, they may be liable for any damages.
Given the divide of responsibilities, it can be easy for confusion or misunderstandings to occur, which is why landlords and tenants need to be aware of their garden-maintenance duties from the beginning.
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When writing a program, it may be useful to know: Is there a DB-table, containing the data elements of two screen fields?
When writing a program, it may be useful to know: Is there a DB-table, containing the data elements of two screen fields? Next clear code may help in some cases. It can be easily developed up to selecting by domains or fieldnames in addition to or instead of data elements. Another idea is to use wildcards, because screen structure field/data element (accessed via F1-F9 help) may have a name, which sometimes differs from DB-table's ones.
select-options ROLL for DD03L-rollname no intervals default 'TABNAME'.
select-options ROLL1 for DD03L-rollname no intervals default 'TABCLASS'.
select-options TABCL for DD02L-tabclass no intervals default 'TRANSP'.
* try also: 'CLASTER', 'POOL', 'VIEW'.
select-options TABNAME for DD03L-tabname no intervals.
set parameter id 'DTB' field itab-tabname.
call transaction 'SE11'. " 'SE16' and skip first screen.
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I would like to find a moisturizer without perfume, since my skin gets very irritated from perfume in crèmes.
Do you have some tips for me when looking through lists of ingredients: What must be in the product and what shouldn’t be in it?
It’s a really good idea to use skincare products without perfume, since perfume will irritate the cells in our skin.
On the ingredient lists of skincare products, you should look for (and avoid) fragrance and perfume.
I wish you a beautiful and healthy skin!
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I applaud you for removing the sections that would have seriously hampered a woman’s ability to become a mother. However I have serious concern with the following passage: 19-7-64.
(a) A living in vitro human embryo is a biological human being who is not the property of any person or entity. The fertility physician and the medical facility that employs the physician owe a high duty of care to the living in vitro human embryo. Any contractual provision identifying the living in vitro embryo as the property of any party shall be null and void. The in vitro human embryo shall not be intentionally destroyed for any purpose by any person or entity or through the actions of such person or entity.
This is not a bid to start Stem cell research however to make sure you understand the cost involved in maintaining frozen embryos. Is it the states intention to pay for the storage? Or to force clinics to raise the price of treatment to include storage fee therefore making it further out of reach for everyday citizens. I would hope this is not intent to further curtail a woman’s right to chose. Although the realities are the next statement does provide and answer to the aforementioned question: (b) an in vitro human embryo that fails to show any sign of life over a 36 hour period outside a state of cryopreservation shall be considered no longer living.
Beware that this exit strategy will be used frequently. Also, considering you have cohorts that intend to cut corporate taxes and implement taxes on groceries. I would strongly advise that setting up barriers to prevent new bio medicine from coming to Georgia in the will hurt our wallets more and less our religious bias.
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Although scientists as far back in history as Aristotle recognized that the features of one generation are passed on to the next (...like begets like...) it was not until the 1860's that the fundamental principles of genetic inheritance were described by Gregor Mendel. Mendel's work with common garden peas, pisum sativum, led him to hypothesize that phenotypic traits (physical characteristics) are the result of the interaction of discrete particles, which we now call genes, and that both parents provide particles which make up the characteristics of the offspring.
His theories were, however, widely disregarded by scientists of the time. In the last quarter of the 19th century, however, microscopists and cytologists, interested in the process of cell division, developed both the equipment and the methods needed to visualize chromosomes and their division in the processes of mitosis (A. Schneider, 1873) and of meiosis (E. Beneden, 1883).
As the 20th century began many scientists noticed similarities in the theoretical behavior of Mendel's particles, and the visible behavior of the newly discovered chromosomes. It wasn't long before most scientists were convinced that the hereditary material responsible for giving living things their characteristic traits, and chromosomes must be one in the same. Yet, questions still remained. Chemical analysis of chromosomes showed them to be composed of both protein and DNA. Which substance carried the hereditary information? For many years most scientists favored the hypothesis that protein was the responsible molecule because of its comparative complexity when compared with DNA. After all, DNA is composed of a mere 4 subunits while protein is composed of 20, and DNA molecules are linear while proteins range from linear to multiply branched to globular. It appeared clear that the relatively simple structure of a DNA molecule could not carry all of the genetic information needed to account for the richly varied life in the world around us!
It was not until the late 1940's and early 1950's that most biologists accepted the evidence showing that DNA must be the chromosomal component that carries hereditary information. One of the most convincing experiments was that of Alfred Hershey and Martha Chase who, in 1952, used radioactive labeling to reach this conclusion(See Graphics). This team of biologists grew a particular type of phage, known as T2, in the presence of two different radioactive labels so that the phage DNA incorporated radioactive phosphorus (32P), while the protein incorporated radioactive sulfur (35S). They then allowed the labeled phage particles to infect non-radioactive bacteria and asked a very simple question: which label would they find associated with the infected cell? Their analysis showed that most of the 32P-label was found inside of the cell, while most of the 35S was found outside. This suggested to them that the proteins of the T2 phage remained outside of the newly infected bacterium while the phage-derived DNA was injected into the cell. They then showed that the phage derived DNA caused the infected cells to produce new phage particles. This elegant work showed, conclusively, that DNA is the molecule which holds genetic information. Meanwhile, much of the scientific world was asking questions about the physical structure of the DNA molecule, and the relationship of that structure to its complex functioning.
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The current conflict and food crisis in South Sudan has been described as the worst in the world by the United Nations. Caritas Internationalis (CI) launched an appeal to its members worldwide to support emergency relief programs in the country. Development and Peace is supporting this appeal and working with Caritas South Sudan in bringing aid to the most vulnerable. In this interview, John Coughlin and Kasina Faith, both members of CI’s Emergency Response Team, provide an account of what is happening on the ground.
1. Can you describe the conditions and challenges faced by the population?
The situation on the ground is devastating. Presently, over 1 million people have been forced from their homes and now live in often congested camps with little access to enough food, clean water to drink, shelter and medicine. There are 400,000 more people who are living as refugees in Uganda, Kenya and Ethiopia. Most of these displaced families are still caught up in areas that are difficult for humanitarian workers to access due to ongoing tensions and fighting. The current rainy season compounds the situation as most roads are impassable, which makes the transportation of humanitarian supplies difficult. The rains have also led to the outbreak of cholera in many parts of the country. To date, over 5,000 cholera cases and 106 deaths have been reported. There is a strong risk of famine especially in the conflict-affected states in the north as most people are held up in displacement camps and cannot access their farms to cultivate.
2. What are the most urgent needs right now?
The most urgent needs are food, water, shelter and medicine for the conflict-affected families. Most importantly, there needs to be an immediate halt to all military action, but especially in civilian areas, to allow safe access for humanitarian workers so they can reach vulnerable populations.
3. How do you see the coming months evolving?
If the parties involved in the conflict are unable to reach a political solution soon, fighting will escalate and many more lives will be lost and people displaced. Additionally, farmers will be unable to take advantage of the few remaining weeks of rain, deteriorating the already dire food situation for an estimated 4 million people by the end of the year.
4. What is needed for the situation to improve?
Military action, particularly in civilian areas, needs to cease. Guns need to be silenced so that people feel safe enough to go back to their homes and rebuild their lives. Humanitarian workers need to have safe access to vulnerable populations in order to deliver much needed assistance and save lives. In addition, donor governments and institutions need to continue their funding, and increase it, so that humanitarian agencies are able to execute their responses effectively.
5. How are the members of Caritas responding?
So far, Caritas has distributed non-food items (shelter and hygiene materials) to 15,000 households in different parts of the country. Additionally, 10,000 households have received food items such as cooking oil, maize flour and sugar. In response to the rising cholera cases, Caritas continues to distribute water purification tablets to ensure families only use clean water, and it is raising awareness on good hygiene practices within the displacement camps.
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I need someone to Setup a Digital Ocean Droplet and Install a Script. 1. Setup Digital Ocean Droplet 2. Setup FTP 3. Domain 4. Install all required Server services to support this script: [iniciar sesión para ver URL] 5. Install and have the script working so we can use it.
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When is a spade supposed to be called a shovel?
Amongst my work colleagues, I work with a girl who is quite short. She just breaks 5 foot in the old scale. Which begged the question (of course): what is the difference between a midget and a dwarf? And what height must you be to qualify as a midget? Or for that matter, a dwarf?
Dictionary.com defines a midget as 'an extremely small person who is otherwise normally proportioned'. It also says that this term is now deemed offensive, so I promise not to use it in regular conversation again.
Dictionary.com defines a dwarf as 'an abnormally small person, often having limbs and features atypically proportioned or formed'. It does not say that the word dwarf is offensive, so I will use it until I am told, as I invariably will, that it is not PC.
So, as I read it, a dwarf is an out of proportion little person while a midg ... little person is a little person who is in proportion.
That leaves the second question. Alas, after much scouring of the web I cannot find a definitive answer as to what height qualifies one as a little person of either the M or D type. Drop me a line if you can shed any light on this issue.
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We invite abstract submissions for a 10-20 minute oral presentation at the workshop. Abstracts should be 1-4 pages long in the RLDM format and not anonymous. They can be emailed to [email protected].
A remarkable aspect of human learning is that we are able to apply knowledge from the past to help us solve new problems. Often this application of past experience is described as using “inductive priors”. For example, we excel at zero-shot or few-shot learning new tasks by leveraging similar learned skills and observations acquired in similar contexts. We even possess the ability to detect when those priors are inaccurate and when to adapt or ignore them. This generalization from past experience to new situations allow us to selec one generalization over another, outside of strict consistency with known observations .
Some examples of injecting such biases in machine learning algorithms include relational networks for object-oriented interactions, or convolutional filters for pixel observations. There has also been some preliminary recent work attempting to compose simple policies and investigating inductive biases induced by unsupervised meta-learning . However, current methods in reinforcement learning (RL) are still not able to transfer and adapt information as efficiently as humans.
We conjecture that structures and mechanisms for enabling inductive biases in RL can be inspired by cognitive science advances [8,9]. This workshop would take advantage of the wide span of communities attending RLDM by bringing together RL and cognitive scientists into sharing challenges, models and ideas toward the development of algorithms with improved knowledge transfer capabilities.
One of the questions to discuss is how to incorporate inductive biases into our models to include our knowledge of the environment, but without introducing harmful biases that prevent learning optimal policies. For example, while inductive biases can often speed learning, they also have been shown to give rise to suboptimal consequences in humans by encouraging premature termination of exploration . Thus, determining when and how strongly to apply a inductive prior remains an important and unsolved problem.
Additional topics include how to implement efficient transfer, prevent catastrophic forgetting, learn re-usable representations (e.g. hierarchical, options), or leverage imitation and observational information.
As proper knowledge transfer may improve sample efficiency , we’d also like to discuss what these inductive biases and methods would look like for specific applications where gathering data is expensive. This includes but is not limited to: natural language processing, healthcare, and robotics.
Battaglia et al. Relational inductive biases, deep learning, and graph networks. Arxiv preprint 1806.01261, 2018.
Lee and Sun et al. Composing Complex Skills by Learning Transition Policies with Proximity Reward Induction. ICLR 2019.
Yu, Y.. Towards Sample Efficient Reinforcement Learning. IJCAI 2018.
Nachum, O., Gu, S., Lee, H., & Levine, S. Data-Efficient Hierarchical Reinforcement Learning. NeurIPS 2018.
Mitchell, T. M. The need for biases in learning generalizations. New Jersey: Department of Computer Science, Laboratory for Computer Science Research, Rutgers Univ (pp. 184-191), 1980.
Rich, A. S., & Gureckis, T. M. The limits of learning: Exploration, generalization, and the development of learning traps. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 147(11), pp. 1553-1570, 2018.
Gupta, A., Eysenbach, B., Finn, C., & Levine, S. Unsupervised Meta-Learning for Reinforcement Learning. ArXiv preprint 1806.04640, 2018.
Lake, B. M., Lawrence, N. D., & Tenenbaum, J. B. The emergence of organizing structure in conceptual representation. Cognitive science, 2018.
Gershman, S. J. The successor representation: its computational logic and neural substrates. Journal of Neuroscience, 38(33), pp. 7193-7200, 2018.
Dubey, R., Agrawal, P., Pathak, D., Griffiths, T., & Efros, A. Investigating Human Priors for Playing Video Games. ICML 2018.
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Modeling tree-ring growth responses to climatic variables using artificial neural networks. 2000. Zhang, Qi-Bin; Hebda, R.J.; Zhang, Qi-Jun; Alfaro, R.I. Forest Science 46(2): 229-239.
Modeling the nonlinear and complex relationships between climate and tree-ring growth is of significance in dendroclimatic studies, but difficult to implement using traditional linear regression approaches. To overcome this difficulty, the technique of Artificial Neural Network (ANN) was employed in this study to develop the growth response models using the climate/growth database for Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii var. menziesii [Mirb.] Franco) on southern Vancouver Island, Canada. The results show that the ANN models are able to extract nonlinear growth response patterns from the observed climate/tree-ring datasets, and to generate more accurate predictions than multiple linear regression approaches. The ANN-extracted climate-growth relationships can be displayed by scenario analysis; for example, when all other input variables are held fixed at their means, the limiting effect of April-July precipitation on tree growth decreases with increased precipitation. The main difficulty of applying ANN technique in dendroclimatology is the problem of overlearning (i.e., the ANN learns too many specific climate-growth patterns and loses the ability to generalize between similar climate-growth patterns). This problem can be alleviated by carefully designing the ANN, such as reducing the number of input variables, choosing a variety of training/testing sets, designing partially connected architectures with a small number of neurons in the hidden layer, and using early stopping during training process. The reliability of the derived ANN models is assessed by validation on independent testing datasets. The main advantages of the ANN technique over traditional dendroclimatic approaches are its ability to capture nonlinear climate-growth response, and its nonreliance on preassumed functional relationships for describing the observed datasets. The ANN method introduced in this article is sufficiently general to be applicable to many forest ecological modeling applications.
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This name uses Spanish naming customs: the first or paternal family name is Gómez and the second or maternal family name is Noya.
Javier Gómez at the Grand Prix triathlon in Tours, 2011.
Francisco Javier Gómez Noya (born 25 March 1983) is a Spanish triathlete. He is the winner of five ITU Triathlon World Championships, he holds three ITU Triathlon World Cup titles, and won the Silver medal for Spain at the 2012 Summer Olympics in men's triathlon. He has also won world titles for Ironman 70.3 and XTERRA Triathlon.
Born to Spanish immigrants (both from Galicia) in Basel, Switzerland, he returned to Spain and now lives in Pontevedra, Galicia.
Gómez took up triathlon at the age of 15 after previously playing football and competing in swimming. However his career suffered a setback in 2000 when a routine medical test by the Consejo Superior de Deportes (CSD) revealed an "abnormal heart valve", leading to a six-year battle between Gómez and the Spanish sporting authorities regarding his right to compete internationally. He initially won this right in November 2003, but he was not selected for the 2004 Summer Olympics and in 2005 the CSD banned him from international and domestic competition until February 2006.
In the nine years from 2002 to 2010, Gómez took part in 57 ITU competitions and achieved 54 top ten positions, among which are 23 first-place finishes. In 2003 and in 2008, Gómez was ITU Triathlon World Champion (both under-23 and Elite categories respectively in 2003). In 2007 and 2009 he was the Elite European Champion. He finished second in the World Championships in 2007 and was the runner up in 2011 ITU Sprint Distance Triathlon World Championships.
At the 2008 Summer Olympics in men's triathlon Gómez was among the pre-race favourites to win. With 300 meters to go in that race, Jan Frodeno was the leader of a group made up of Gómez, Athens 2004 Silver medalist Bevan Docherty of New Zealand, and Sydney 2000 Gold medalist Simon Whitfield of Canada. Whitfield opened up the gap with a sprint with only Frodeno responding. Frodeno sprinted away with 50 meters from the finish to claim the gold medal. Simon Whitfield took the silver medal five seconds behind, and New Zealand's Bevan Docherty won the bronze medal 12 seconds back. Gómez placed 4th, 20.64 seconds behind Frodeno.
In 2010, Gómez was the number 1 in the World Championship Series ranking, in 2009 he was number 2, his only rivals being the Brownlee brothers Alistair and Jonathan, with whom he represents ECS Triathlon in the French Club Championship Series Lyonnaise des Eaux. At the 2010 ITU Triathlon World Championship final in Budapest, Gómez came second to British triathlete Alistair Brownlee, but despite the loss in the final, he won the Championship overall.
At the London Summer Olympics in 2012, Gómez took the Silver medal in men's triathlon, 11 seconds behind Gold medalist Alistair Brownlee. Following the Olympic games Gómez won the Hy-Vee Triathlon against a highly competitive field. A month later in his first ever cross triathlon race, he won the 2012 XTERRA World Championship.
In 2013, Gómez continued his success from last year winning the Escape from Alcatraz Triathlon and repeating as the Hy-Vee Triathlon winner. He would then go on to win the 2013 ITU World Triathlon Series, his third such title. With this world championship he joined Peter Robertson as the other triathlete with three titles to his name, and is just shy of Simon Lessing who has four world titles.
In May 2013, Gómez competed in his first middle distance race by taking Gold in Challenge Half Barcelona. In February 2014 he raced and won his second middle distance race, Ironman 70.3 Panama.
In 2014, Gomez won his fourth ITU World Championships, winning four out of the eight possible races as well as placing third at the Grand Final, tying him for all time championships with Simon Lessing. Gomez also won the 2014 Ironman 70.3 World Championship.
In 2015 Gomez took his third consecutive ITU World Championship, and his fifth title overall, by finishing second at the Triathlon World Series Grand Final in Chicago.
The following list is based upon the official ITU rankings. Unless indicated otherwise, the following events are triathlons (Olympic Distance) and refer to the Elite category.
Javier Gómez, followed by the winner Jonathan Brownlee, at the sprint World Championships in Lausanne, 2011.
Javier Gómez at the Sprint World Championships in Lausanne, 2011.
Javier Gómez at the European Championships in Pontevedra, 2011.
Javier Gómez with his two main rivals, his team mates Alistair and Jonathan Brownlee.
^ Larraz, Teresa; Elkington, Mark (24 June 2008). Woodward, Robert (ed.). "Triathlete Javier Gomez Noya tackles rocky road to Beijing". reuters.com. Retrieved 11 April 2015.
^ a b "Javier Gómez Bio, Stats, and Results". Sports Reference. Archived from the original on 17 September 2013. Retrieved 16 September 2013.
^ Carlson, Timothy (28 October 2012). "Gomez, Paterson supreme in Maui". Slowtwitch.com. Retrieved 16 September 2013.
^ Carlson, Timothy (3 March 2013). "Gomez, Jackson win Escape". Slowtwitch.com. Retrieved 16 September 2013.
^ Krabel, Herbert (15 September 2013). "Gómez Strikes Gold in London". Slowtwitch.com. Retrieved 16 September 2013.
^ "Challenge Barcelon 2013 Results". Tri Radar.
^ "Ironman 70.3 Panama 2014 Results". Ironman.
^ Hendricks, Maggie (19 September 2015). "Spain's Javier Gomez wins triathlon world championship, fifth world title". usatoday.com. Retrieved 20 September 2015.
^ "Results for: Gomez, Javier (ESP)". International Triathlon Union. Retrieved 16 September 2013.
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Francisco Javier Gómez Noya.
This page was last edited on 31 March 2019, at 14:00 (UTC).
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This article is about Collins (Victoria) Barracks. For the barracks of the same name in Dublin, see Collins Barracks, Dublin.
Collins Barracks is a military barracks on the Old Youghal Road on the north side of Cork in Ireland. Originally serving as a British military barracks from the early 19th century, it was handed-over to the Irish military following the Irish War of Independence, and remains the headquarters of the 1st Brigade of the Irish Army. A museum in the barracks is open to the public at selected times.
Originally erected between 1801 and 1806, the barracks' works were completed by Abraham Hargrave to designs by John Gibson. Located in a prominent position on the hills overlooking Cork city and the River Lee, the complex was initially known simply as The Barracks. It was extended in 1849 and renamed to Victoria Barracks, to celebrate a visit by Queen Victoria.
In the period following the Easter Rising (1916), the Irish nationalist Thomas Kent was executed by firing squad at the barracks. He was the only person outside Dublin, apart from Roger Casement, to be executed for participation following the Rising.
During the Irish War of Independence (1919-1921), Auxiliary forces based at the barracks were implicated in events surrounding the Burning of Cork. British forces from the barracks were also involved in the executions of several Republican prisoners. On 1 February 1921 Cornelius Murphy was executed and then on 28 April 1921, four Volunteers, Maurice Moore, Thomas Mulcahy, Patrick O'Sullivan and Patrick Ronayne, were executed by firing squad at the barracks, followed by the execution of Patrick Casey a few days later, and of Daniel O'Brien on 16 May 1921.
Following the War of Independence, under the terms of the Anglo-Irish Treaty, and after housing British forces in the city for more than one hundred years, the barracks complex was handed over to Commandant Sean Murray of the army of the Irish Free State in 1922. Key buildings within the barracks were substantially damaged by retreating Anti-Treaty forces during the Irish Civil War. After this conflict, the barracks was renamed for Michael Collins, the first commander-in-chief of the Free State, and a native of County Cork.
A garrison for the Southern Command of the Irish Army since the 1920s, the complex was visited by US President John F. Kennedy in 1963.
The barracks now houses the headquarters of 1 Southern Brigade, with permanent and reserve elements of several army corps, including artillery, cavalry, communications, engineering and logistics units.
From 2003 the barracks was subject to a modernisation programme, with the building of new messing facilities, a gymnasium and other works.
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Collins Barracks, Cork.
^ "Military Museums - Collins Barracks Cork". Military Heritage of Ireland Trust Limited. Archived from the original on 29 August 2013. Retrieved 31 August 2014.
^ "Dictionary of Irish Architects - Abraham Hargrave - Works". DIA.ie. Retrieved 31 August 2014.
^ "Dictionary of Irish Architects - John Gibson - Works". DIA.ie. Retrieved 31 August 2014.
^ Loughlin, James (1 October 2002). "Allegiance and Illusion: Queen Victoria's Irish Visit of 1849". History. History. 87 (288): 491–513. doi:10.1111/1468-229X.00238. JSTOR 24427468.
^ "Mystery of Cork's 1916 patriot may be solved soon". Cork Independent. 27 February 2014.
^ White, Gerry; O'Shea, Brendan (2006). The Burning of Cork. Mercier Press. pp. 111–112. ISBN 978-1-85635-522-3.
^ "Volunteer Captain Cornelius Murphy". The Irish Revolution. 15 April 2017. Retrieved 22 January 2019.
^ Aideen Carroll. Sean Moylan: Rebel Leader. Mercier Press. p. 120.
^ "Four Irishmen Are Executed by Crown Forces of England". The Miami News. 27 April 1921.
^ a b c "Cork County Gaol, Memorial to Executed IRA Volunteers". Archived from the original on 18 March 2012. Retrieved 31 August 2014.
^ a b Seán Enright. The Trial of Civilians by Military Courts: Ireland 1921.
^ "Death of Patrick Casey; 2nd May, 1921; Cork". National Archives of the UK.
^ a b "Collins Barracks Museum detail (including pictures)". Cork Heritage Open Day. Retrieved 31 August 2014.
^ Gerry White, Brendan O'Shea (2013). Irish Volunteer Soldier 1913-23. Osprey Publishing. p. 45. ISBN 978-1472801814.
^ "Collins Barracks Museum - Defence Forces Museums - Info Centre - Defence Forces". military.ie. Defence Forces (Ireland). Retrieved 14 July 2016.
^ "Department of Defence - Press Release - Military Museum in Collins Barracks, Cork to be Refurbished and Relocated". Department of Defence (Ireland). 11 August 2004. Retrieved 31 August 2014.
^ "Department of Defence - Press Release - Speech by Minister for Defence at Opening of New Gymnasium at Collins Barracks, January 2003". Department of Defence (Ireland). 20 January 2003. Retrieved 31 March 2015.
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What is the preferred close to end a business letter? For example, would Thank you be okay?
Although Thank you is often used to close a letter, technically, it is not the proper way to end business correspondence. Thank you can be used when writing friends or informal emails.
There are many ways to close or end a business letter depending on how formal you wish to be. Three popular complimentary closings are Sincerely, Respectfully, and Best regards.
Below are some common complimentary closings. Please note that only the first word is capitalized and all end with commas.
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The 28th Boat Race between crews from the University of Oxford and the University of Cambridge took place on the River Thames on the 1 April 1871. The race, umpired by Joseph William Chitty, was won by Cambridge by one length in a time of 23 minutes 10 seconds for their second consecutive victory.
Joseph William Chitty was the umpire for the 1871 Boat Race.
The Boat Race is a side-by-side rowing competition between the University of Oxford (sometimes referred to as the "Dark Blues") and the University of Cambridge (sometimes referred to as the "Light Blues"). The race was first held in 1829, and since 1845 has taken place on the 4.2-mile (6.8 km) Championship Course on the River Thames in southwest London. Cambridge went into the race as reigning champions, having defeated Oxford by three lengths in the previous year's race, while Oxford led overall with sixteen wins to Cambridge's eleven.
Oxford were coached by W. D. Benson (their non-rowing president, who had rowed three times for the Dark Blues in the 1868, 1869 and 1870 races). Cambridge's coach was John Graham Chambers (who rowed in the 1862 and 1863 race, and was a non-rowing president for the 1865 race) and John Hilton Ridley (who rowed in the 1869 and 1870 races).
The race was umpired by Joseph William Chitty who had rowed for Oxford twice in 1849 (in the March and December races) and the 1852 race, while the starter was Edward Searle.
The Oxford crew weighed an average of 12 st 4.125 lb (76.1 kg), 2.75 pounds (1.2 kg) more than their opponents. The Cambridge crew saw only three new rowers, with five returning from the 1870 race, including the Cambridge University Boat Club president John Goldie and William Henry Lowe in their third appearance in the event, along with the cox Henry Erskine Gordon. Similarly, Oxford saw five of their crew return, including S. H. Woodhouse at bow and Thomas Southey Baker who were participating in their third Boat Races.
There was "little or no tide and head wind over part of the course" according to Drinkwater. Cambridge won the toss and elected to start from the Surrey station, handing the Middlesex station to Oxford. The umpire, Chitty, got the race underway at 10.08 a.m., with Cambridge taking an early lead. The Light Blues had a clear water advantage by the Point and held a two-length lead by the time the crews shot Hammersmith Bridge. Despite a spurt instigated by Oxford stroke Robert Lesley at Barnes Bridge, Goldie remained steady until, before the final twenty strokes, he increased the stroke rate and saw Cambridge home by one length in a time of 23 minutes 10 seconds for their second consecutive victory and took the overall record to 16–12 in Oxford's favour.
^ a b "Dark Blues aim to punch above their weight". The Observer. 6 April 2003. Retrieved 4 December 2014.
^ Smith, Oliver (25 March 2014). "University Boat Race 2014: spectators' guide". The Daily Telegraph. Retrieved 3 June 2014.
^ "The Course". The Boat Race Company Limited. Retrieved 4 December 2014.
^ a b "Boat Race – Results". The Boat Race Company Limited. Retrieved 4 December 2014.
Burnell, Richard (1979). One Hundred and Fifty Years of the Oxford and Cambridge Boat Race. Precision Press. ISBN 0950063878.
Dodd, Christopher (1983). The Oxford & Cambridge Boat Race. Stanley Paul. ISBN 0091513405.
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0.963636 |
How do we live a life of purpose? That’s a question that goes back to time immemorial. Thinking how the average male life expectancy in the U.S. was about 47 years for a white male circa 1900, it’s somewhat mind-blowing to know the first child expected to live 150 years has already been born!
To me, the “gig economy” is a partial manifestation of purpose-based living in lockstep with our much longer lifespans. Living life as a portfolio, so to speak (work, learning, volunteer, etc.) provides room to experiment, nurture and wind down elements of that portfolio as our needs and capabilities evolve. While terrifying at times to not have the perceived safety net of lifetime employment (note the word ‘perceived’), the flip side is living more fully with deeper meaning and purpose.
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0.992728 |
Did you know that the average senior takes two to seven daily medications? As we age our bodies change, affecting the way medications (and foods) are absorbed, distributed, metabolized, and excreted.
All of these can create a greater risk of drug interactions and side effects.
The more medications the care-receiver takes daily, the easier it is lose to track of how many to take and when they should be taken.
should use a medication organizer for their care-receiver.
1. Make sure all of the care-receiver's doctors and specialists are aware of what the other is prescribing. Good communication is extremely important.
2. Make sure you understand how and when to take all of your medications.
3. Select over-the-counter products to treat only the symptoms you have. Follow-up with the pharmacist to make sure there will not be a reaction with other medications you are taking.
4. Make sure all medications are clearly labeled.
5. Keep medications in their original containers.
6. Never take medication in the dark or poor lighting.
7. Know what your medications look like. If it doesn't look right or same, contact the pharmacist before taking.
8. Only take the amount prescribed for you.
9. Never take someone else's medication.
10. Follow the directions on the container. Do not stop taking medication just because you feel better. Call the pharmacist when in doubt.
11. Use a medication organizer.
12. Don't store medications in sunlight or direct heat. Store medications properly.
13. Never store medications in the bathroom. There's too much moisture there.
14. Use whatever means you can to help your loved one take medication properly.
15. Don't carry medicines next to your body. That can raise the temperature and cause some medications to break down.
16. Always get your prescription filled on time so you don't run out. Missing even one day can make a difference in the effectiveness of many medications.
17. Use one pharmacy for all your medicines. This will help ensure that you don't take conflicting medications.
18. If you have any questions about your pills, make a note to remind yourself to ask your doctor or pharmacist.
19. Tell your doctor if you have any side effects.
20. Be sure to tell your doctor or pharmacist of any herbal preparations you are taking. Some herbals can interact with prescribed medications and cause them to be less effective.
21. Know the names and doses of the medicines you're taking.
22. Keep all medicines out of the reach of children.
23. Throw away any medicines that aren't currently prescribed to you.
24. Ask your pharmacist's advice before crushing or splitting tablets. Some should only be swallowed whole.
Did you know that drug misuse is one of the top problems that doctors see in seniors? Did you know that about 320,000 questionable prescriptions are written for seniors yearly?
Almost 40% of all drug reactions each year involve seniors. Be responsible. If you have any medication questions be sure to ask your pharmacist.
Rebecca Colmer is an Eldercare Advocate, Author, Speaker, Publisher, and Caregiver. You can find more caregiving tools and resources at her website: Caregiving Tools.
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0.980742 |
Between her debut at Auckland's legendary bar The Gluepot in 1989 and touring solo in Europe Donna has worked with some of the greats of songwriting, in a supporting role for some and in recording sessions with others. Among them Dan Penn, Spooner Oldham, Russell Smith & Jimmy Webb. Donna has collaborated with New Zealand songwriters Grahame Downes, (The Verlaines) Glen Moffatt, Kylie Harris, Kevin Greaves and Kevin Byrt and toured the North Island of NZ with Barry Saunders (NZ) and Jeff Lang (Aus). Other support gigs include opening for Jon Cleary, (USA) Katy Moffatt (USA) Eric Taylor (USA) in Germany and Connie Lush (UK) in London. Donna was a feature artist at Europe's biggest trucker festival in 2000 where Willie Nelson headlined.
This Roots-Blues songwriter sings about the dark in the world with a lyrical message of hope. Dean's fan base is Germany where she began touring in 1998 but growing interest in the London based artist will see her touring Belgium, France, Switzerland, Italy and Greece next summer. A new CD ( her 4th) recorded in Nashville is due for release in New Zealand later this year and in Europe early 2002.
She was born Donna Kouka in Auckland, New Zealand. Her mother, a professional guitarist with a love of Hawaiian music, was at home on stage with legends Bill Savesi and Bill Wolfgram. Donna's grandfather was a lap steel guitarist who played in Hawaiian dance hall bands during the 1940's & 50's. Donna's father played mandolin and ukulele with a particular feel recognized immediately as coming from his indigenous Maori roots. Musical memories from childhood are of family gatherings where her mother picked Jimmy Rodgers and Gene Autry songs on her guitar. Her grandfather's versions of 12th Street Rag and Wailana and the distinctive Hawaiian style of Frank Farera were often accompanied by her father's unmistakable South Pacific ukulele playing.
Who is she listening to currently? Hank Williams III, Keb Mo, Lucinda Williams and John Hiatt.
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0.952391 |
Mt Ruapehu Crater Climb is a strenuous and somewhat dangerous hiking route, as it means walking up the rugged rocks of active Mt Ruapehu volcano which is one of the largest New Zealand's summits outside of the Southern Alps. So the route is suitable only for the experienced alpine hikers able to spot the volcanic hazards and avoid them. The hike starts at Whakapapa ski area. The chairlift rises hikers 2,020 meters above the sea level, meanwhile, they admire the ancient lava flows below, which have been influenced by glaciation for the last 300,000 years. Then they hike towards the Dome Ridge, from which the largest crater lake can be seen. The best season for the crater climb is December through April.
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0.999088 |
When on vacation a few weeks ago I was reflecting on what are some things I love about Opendoor and Transparency as a value rose to the top. Transparency has always seemed like one of those things that’s a no-brainer to follow and I’m grateful to see the steps we’ve taken at Opendoor to put it into practice. More so as a recap for future me, I wanted to outline some aspects of it.
Productive communication depends on a foundation of trust and goodwill. Approach difficult conversations with curiosity. Avoid hearsay, passive aggression, and snark. Give feedback early and often.
All-Hands Q&A: Ability to ask the leadership team questions that will be publicly answered even though the questions itself can be anonymously asked.
Windows: I didn’t realize the impact of windows until we moved from moved offices. Initially, all the meetings rooms came with frosted windows which added a strange layer of secrecy that felt unnecessary. Within a few weeks of moving in our workplace team unfrosted most of the meeting rooms barring a few which are in the corner of recruiting and legal, and a few private rooms which are understandable.
Public Calendars: Everyone can see anybody’s calendar by default. The onus is placed on the person to make an event private when needed. It also allows for easier scheduling of time with co-workers.
Documents: Not everything is searchable but if you come upon any link it’s likely that you’d be able to open it without needing to request permissions.
Metrics: Most metrics are now hosted on an analytics portal that everyone can access. Additionally, every morning a performance report of the business goes out.
Feedback: Various channels of customer feedback including reviews, NPS, twitter mentions, and more are automatically posted to slack channels which showcases the impact and experience of the service we offer. Additionally, there’s quarterly feedback from managers to direct. reports.
Financials: All numbers are presented to the entire company which exposes everyone to the ups and downs the business constantly faces. What’s been impressive is that even as we approach a 1000 people this information is held in the confidentiality that it’s shared with and my sincere hope is that this never changes(until the company goes public of course).
An Open-Mind: honestly, this is the real secret. We’ve got an amazing team.
Total Rewards/Compensation: Total rewards are still very hard to understand and I think we’ve gotten pretty good at this now. What makes it more complex is things like what’s the liquidation preference from the latest round, how much is my equity worth if to company exits at these 5 different valuations. I love how we’ve taken steps to create a rewards packet which better outlines this.
It helps builds trust much faster across the organization.
It helps collaboration happen faster as folks are exposed to more information earlier. It also allows ideas to flow across the organization even when people are not in the same business or functional unit.
It allows folks to have less postured conversations and as our core value describes, approach challenges conversations with curiosity as the information about what happened has already been shared.
It allows for a stronger muscle to handle organizational thrash.
It also allows for a stronger muscle to handle a few bad months or years as we’ve seen ourselves bounce back. In my opinion, this helps with talent retention.
Information Overload: As we get bigger availability of constant streams of data vs. synthesized information that’s most important to you might become a challenge. I’m curious on whether there’s a software solution here: AI for notifications.
Criticism: More people can be critical of other people’s work as you can see the short/medium term volatility.
Transparency vs. Oversharing: can introduce people to the sausage making which can be a bit hard on new employees & those with only a few years of experience.
There are some things you likely cannot be transparent about such as legal, recruiting, firings, etc.
Context: allowing for a stripe-like email system so that most messages are available publicly. Most messages are still sent via email/DMs, especially as you go further up the organizational structure.
Salary Information: While there have been big strides mad here: I still have a desire to have all comp be on a public spreadsheet though I can understand why no company might ever do this.
Reducing Rumours: though I’ve never been at a company of this size and everyone tells me this is the least they’ve seen of anywhere else. I am definitely guilty if this too. The onus here primarily falls on the individual.
Overall, I think it’s very valuable and gets me excited about Opendoor. Future Varadh looks forward to sharing specific stories. In the meantime, I’d love to hear your thoughts about transparency.
Next Post Looking Back: How Did I End Up at Opendoor?
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0.99649 |
Software developers are stupid morons!
I have worked as one for couple of decades, so take my word for it. I know quite a few of them. Stupid morons, software developers and people who are both.
It keeps popping up constantly. For people not familiar with regular expressions, that is a piece of code to match a valid e-mail address as specified by the one and only, original specification for ARPA Internet Text Messages, which we call e-mail today. As I keep insisting, software developers have major deficit both on writing proper code and testing their writtern code. For non-software developers: the reason that ill written line of code has spread around the internet like autumn flu, is that people just google for the regexp and copy/paste it into their product without thinking it for a second. It worked last time, right?
This is the list of IANA approved top-level-domains: http://data.iana.org/TLD/tlds-alpha-by-domain.txt in plain-text format. The list contains 1115 domains at the time of this vent. 570 of them are longer than 4 chars as limited by the above piece of crap. That results only 49% of valid TLDs being approved as valid ones. Anybody doing his/hers work only by 49% of success should be fired! Instantly.
As an example, the IANA list contains following domains: .cancerresearch, .xn--t60b56a, .international and .xn--vermgensberatung-pwb. The ones having lettersn XN, are internationalized domain names or IDNs. When decoded, .xn--c2br7g equals to नेट, .xn--t60b56a equals to 닷넷, both meaning .net in Hindi and Korean. Another ones are .xn--mgba3a3ejt for ارامكو, Saudi Aramco, the Saudi Arabian Oil Company and .xn--vermgensberatung-pwb for .vermögensberatung, German for financial advice. All of them are fully valid, but not being validated by the ancient piece of copy/paste mess everybody seems to be using.
The idiot-of-the-year -award doesn't go to http://www.moonfruit.com/ or http://tunnus.yle.fi/ who are strong competitors using that relic of a validator. The obvious winner is https://www.startssl.com/, who have a hard-coded list of 2827 domains and subdomains, having only 464 of the TLDs in the IANA-list. 651 of them missing, matching only 42% of the valid ones. Idiots!
If you are a software developer and reading this: It's time to shape up! Stop doing your job poorly.
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0.913621 |
See Luciana Littizzetto - Natura f on youtube.
See Il tempo della natura on youtube.
See Just Cause 4: La Forza della N on youtube.
See 5 minuti che sottolineano l on youtube.
See Autostrada per l'inferno. on youtube.
See Serra Guarneri: l'educazio on youtube.
See BIOPARCO LA NATURA A ROMA on youtube.
See Leadership, Orsi e Salmoni: 2 on youtube.
See Come il Tuo Aspetto Fisico Riv on youtube.
See Natura violenta on youtube.
Il tempo della natura similar movies given below. Rate each movie or TV Series, add your own reviews and suggest new title as related. See big list of best top movies that are like Il tempo della natura film.
Top movies like Il tempo della natura complete list given below.
Description: Impressions of California as seen by Henri Cartier-Bresson.
Description: A documentary about Victoria, queen of Sweden, and her relationship with her doctor, Axel Munthe.
Description: Aleksandër Moisiu, or Alexander Moissi or perhaps Alessandro Moissi (1879-1935) was an Albanian born scene and screen actor who performed all over the world. He was an actor with subtle resonances, effectively touching the tragic characters, establishing himself in those with the most intimate and delicate notes. Roads are called after Alexander Moissi in Berlin, Salzburg and Vienna, where also a monument was unveiled in 2005.
Description: Graham Hill was an eccentric, charismatic Englishman from a bygone era of sporting endeavour. With nice determination he won the Formula 1 Globe Championship, the Indy 500 and the Le Mans 24 hours race, thereby achieving the 'triple crown' of motor racing - a special feat that remains unmatched to this day. Graham also won the glamorous Monaco Grand Prix five times during an era when drivers routinely met violent death. Graham's illustrious racing career spanned three decades, which at its height saw him routinely slugging it out with fellow F1 champions Jim Clark and Jackie Stewart. Close mates yet intense rivals on the track, they were the 'Three Musketeers' during a golden era of motor racing. But what was the truth behind Graham's famous public image? 30 years on from his death, his family, close mates and former colleagues paint an intimate, revealing and entertaining portrait of a sporting character tragically killed in a plane ruin in 1975.
Description: The film about the german rapper "Haftbefehl".
Description: "A Tiny More A Tiny Less" is a simple, low-budget and no voice-over documentary. Photos of São Paulo from above and pictures invite us to a trip that shows,as the directors place it, that one’s pain is a tragedy, and the death of millions, a statistic.
Description: The movie depicts part of Priest Donizetti Tavares de Lima's trajectory in a tiny city in the State of São Paulo named Tambaú, where he performed a series of miracles.
Description: Documentary about the Albanian writer.
Description: A look into the difficult working heart of neo-burlesque.
Description: The assassination of Berta Cáceres shook the globe on March 2, 2016. Mexican activist Gustavo Castro, a witness to the crime, survived the horror of that night and was trapped in Honduras. The defense of the river Gualcarque, sacred to the Lenca people, vs the installation of a hydroelectric plant, is the preamble of a storyline in which we follow Garifuna leader Miriam Miranda, mate and companion of Berta. Their struggle for decolonization is the same, in a country that is sold to transnational capital and takes lives in many ways.
Description: The history of the GDR Super-8 scene—an underground art movement that produced movies outside official channels in the 1980s—produced by Cornelia Klauss, herself a Super-8 artist. The Stasi (secret police) monitored this rebellious stage closely. Female artists Ramona Köppel-Welsch, Cornelia Schleime and Christine Schlegel, among others, talk about their art and films, their experiences as artists in the GDR, and how their work changed after the Wall came down.
Description: Details sacred and profane routes that serve as the foundation for weaving the saga of the cocaine leaf. The two core elements, San Pedro prison and the Guaraní community of Tentayapi, show nodal aspects of the cocaine leaf across various cultural settings such as drugs, medicine, exploitation, religion, injustice and instruments of power.
Description: Short documentary on classical Indian music.
Description: A movie poem about Nauro Machado, one of the best poetry of Brazil.
Description: A spew of photos swarm the screen; appearing before no answers-man and his machinery, denuded wholly of its grace and beauty.
Description: Storyline depicting the national liberation struggle of the Albanian folks vs the Italian and German invaders during Globe Fight II.
Description: Develops from the life, work and memory of Gianfrancesco Guarnieri, one of the most necessary names in the history of Brazilian theater, to examine the courses of dramaturgy and politics in the last decades. Guarnieri, besides being a TV star, was also seen as the synthesis of the politically engaged artist in Brazil. His sons, also actors, saw a separation between art, work, and politics. As he investigates the portraits of two generations, grandson and director Francisco aims to understand the zone of his own generation in history, in art and the globe as a whole.
Description: From what was to me a gift of friendship day: a ebook makes some of Rosa Luxemburg's prison letters written by her mates Sonia Liebknecht and Mathilde Wurm between July 1916 and October 1918. And all the jingles who composed this period: songs of birds, plants, colors and sounds passages. Those for happenings in the happenings of the being-locked. As for the outside: October, Globe Fight Revolution, The emigrant and Chaplin The Adventurer, The affliction flowers and Klee's zoological garden. Appearances / disappearances, show stories, their intertwined. Destinies.
Description: In attempting to deal with his HIV status, the narrator mixes his past and show to give us a portrait of friendships, family ties, and another intimate relationships.
Description: In 1948, four large, wealthy Belgian families sell all their belongings and embark on a voyage to Patagonia. Slowly most of them return, but Gabriel, one of the fathers, stays until his death in 1988.
Description: This movie is constructed from the diary movies of Zoltan Bartos, amateur filmmaker and composer of famous dance music. Shot from the 1920s through the middle of the 1950s, the movie reflects both personal and official history.
Description: Angelos Papanastassiou, the boy behind the camera, a storyline of a Greek patrician of WW2 times Athens. In the very first days of the Nazi occupation Angelos decided to record and document the Greece motherland's sufferings. Using a clandestine 16-mm movie camera risking everyday his own, and his families life, filmed, documented the Nazi atrocities in Athens all through the German-Italian occupation. Meanwhile his daughter, Loukia was born and we follow her first steps as the family life photos juxtaposed over the tragic chapter of modern Greek history. Angelos Papanastassiou secretly developed, edited and saved the films, which soon become one of the principal evidence of the Nazi atrocities at the Nuremberg Trials 1947. The Angelos’ Movie composed from a special movie journal of wartime Athens and offers a fresh insight to Greece’s past, with the melody of Tibor Szemzõ.
Description: An experimental documentary on Reverend L.O. Taylor, a Black Baptist minister from Memphis, Tennessee who was also an inspired filmmaker with an overwhelming interest in preserving the social and cultural fabric of his own community in the 1930′ s and ‘ 40’ s . I combine his movies and melody recordings with my own photos of Memphis neighborhoods and religious gatherings, 1989 .
Description: In the fall of 1986, Richard Fung made his first visit to his father's birthplace, a village in southern Guangdong, China. This experimental documentary examines the method kids of immigrants relate to the land of their parents, and focuses on the ongoing subjective construction of history and memory. The Method to My Father's Village juxtaposes the son's find for his own historical roots, and his father's avoidance of his cultural heritage.
Description: My Mother's Zone is an experimental documentary focusing on the artist's mother, a third-generation Chinese-Trinidadian who at 80 still has vivid memories of a history lost or quickly disappearing. She conveys these with a storytelling style and a frankness that is distinctly West Indian. A tape about memory, oral history, and autobiography, My Mother's Zone interweaves interviews, private narrative, home movies, and verité footage of the Caribbean to discover the formation of race, class, and gender under colonialism.
Description: A heinous crime unleashes a media firestorm trial that lands Scott Peterson on death row for the murder of his wife and unborn child. Ten years soon it is clear that not everything in this situation is what it seems, raising the question: was justice truly served? Using evidence and fresh notification that was never presented to Peterson’s jury at the time, This movie re-examines the facts of the situation and the affect the intense media attention had on justice.
Description: Vs the broader backdrop of modern India's political and social history, this lyrical documentary says the storyline of the life of Krishna Sikand, the filmmaker's mother, from childhood to maturity. A rich mosaic of memory and impressions, DON'T FENCE ME IN captures the fragmented method in which we adventure back through time. Evoking Krishna's earliest years in pre-independence Bombay as the daughter of a well-to-do Bengali family, the movie also traces her post-colonial experiences--from marriage to a Punjabi units officer in the face of fierce family opposition, through the raising of two daughters and successful careers as an academic, tiny business entrepreneur, media consultant, journalist, and poet.
Description: Named "an elegant documentary" by Sundance and "eloquent and deeply moving" by the LA Times, Toyo Miyatake: Unlimited Shades of Gray is a penetrating portrait of this photographer's find for truth and beauty in a globe of impermanence. Los Angeles' Tiny Tokyo's foremost studio photographer, Miyatake smuggled a lens and movie holder into the U.S. WWII camp he was incarcerated in and captured life behind barbed wire with a makeshift camera made of scrap wood. Yet it was his little-known artistic pursuits before the fight that honed his discerning eye.
Description: Filmmaker Abraham Ravett attempts to reconcile problems in his life as the kid of a Holocaust survivor in this experimental non-narrative film. Ravett reflects upon his relationships with his family, from his now-deceased father (who survived both the Lodz Ghetto and Auschwitz) to his own young children. He utilizes family photographs and movie footage, archival movie footage from the Ghetto Fighters' House in Israel, cell animation by Emily Hubley, and pc graphics to make a movie about memory, death, and what critic Bruce Jenkins calls "the power of the photographic photo and sound to resurrect the past."
Description: A adventure into the 1920s and 1930s featuring restored and edited home films taken by Japanese American immigrant pioneers.
Description: A film about the culture clash in Tunisia between Swedish aid workers and local people. Swedes and Tunisians both give their views on the actual projects.
Description: In this non-narrative, meditative, and poignant film, footage of life from the Lodz Ghetto is juxtaposed with the chanting of "Kel Maleh Rachamim," a plea to God to allow the souls of those "slaughtered and burned" search peace.
Description: Search Fix Finish delves into the stories of three US-Drone pilots revealing the clandestine operational tactics practiced by the US Government.
Description: Defending Globe Rally Winner Colin McRae was back behind the wheel of his Subaru Impreza, but faced a war to retain his crown. The threat posed by Finland's Tommi Makinen brought out the very greatest in the celebrated Scot's performance, and actually you can relive all the greatest action on DVD. This extensive review of the 1996 season is packed with quick and furious rallying, magnificent in-car footage and explosive entertainment.
Description: It's nighttime in Prague, 21 August 1968. Soviet units and tanks are occupying the town - random attacks, troops shooting, bodies lying dead on the sidewalk. With an impromptu crew, the director (Karel Roden) captures some special evidence - material which is, however, worthless in occupied Prague; it has to be shown to the rest of the world. So, while the Soviets are concocting false reports of heartfelt receptions without military resistance for propaganda purposes, the director sets off on a dangerous trip across the closed Czech-Austrian border to Vienna.
Description: Sometime in the 1980s, Caspar Salmon's grandmother was invited to a gathering on the Welsh island of Anglesey, attended exclusively by folks with fish surnames. Or so he says. Thirty years later, film-maker Charlie Lyne attempts to sort myth from reality.
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0.999594 |
New findings from the West Sweden Asthma Study suggest that severe asthma may disguise itself as nasal congestion. Dr Jan Lötvall and his team, from the University of Gothenburg, asked 30,000 people about symptoms like a blocked nose, runny nose, wheezing, and breathlessness. He found that around 2% of the population of West Sweden actually had asthma, which was more than expected. The researchers noted that 60% of those suffering with asthma also reported some kind of nasal disease and nasal symptoms were more common among those with severe asthma. 'These findings suggest that some parts of the immune system that are activated in connection with chronic nasal problems might be linked to severe asthma,' said Lötvall. 'This insight could lead to new forms of treatment in the long run.' He believes the new study could lead to the identification of new subgroups of asthma and the relationships between asthma and other chronic conditions like rhinitis. Take home message? If you're worried about a chronically blocked nose, get it checked out thoroughly - it could be that you've actually got asthma.
Wheezing and respiratory infections are more common among newborns with lower Vitamin D levels, according to a new study from the New Zealand Asthma and Allergy Cohort Study, which is following up more than 1,000 children in the cities of Wellington and Christchurch. During the first five years of life, the lower the vitamin D level at birth, the higher the risk of wheezing in the first five years. The wheezing generally came from chest infections. There was no link between low Vitamin D and increased risk of asthma at age five. So, even though low Vitamin D can do not cause asthma, it can certainly make it worse if it already exists. It may be that Vitamin D supplements can help here (although further research would be needed to confirm this) by protecting a child from infection, particularly during the months when sunlight levels are low since lack of sunlight exposure is a major factor in Vitamin D deficiency.
Finally, could breastfeeding increase the risk of your child developing an allergy? The World Health Organization recommends breastfeeding for six months before introducing solids. But researchers at University College London's Institute of Child Health now say this might not be the best approach. Put simply, they say the latest evidence suggests that earlier exposure to potential allergens, through solid foods, may be protective of allergy.
Fewtrell M et al Six months of exclusive breastfeeding. How good is the evidence?
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0.994592 |
One of the traditional materials used in the repair of manuscripts written on vellum is goldbeater's skin, the outer membrane of ox intestine. The advantages of this material are transparency, strength and fairly uniform thickness.
Unfortunately, very little information has been published regarding its manufacture.1 Therefore, when the intestines of a freshly slaughtered ox became available, I decided to determine empirically how goldbeater's skin is manufactured.
The intestines, having been cut into sections and hosed clean of offal, arrived in the lab filling two five gallon plastic pails. A considerable quantity of mucous was present, and there was some blood. Literature concerning the manufacture of sausage casings from hog intestines indicated that salt was used to remove blood from these; so approximately one pound of salt was added to each five gallon bucket of ox intestines, and the buckets were closed.
After a day the buckets were reopened and the intestines were examined and found to be substantially free of blood. The mucous in the intestines .had not been idle during this time, and I would recommend to anyone wanting to duplicate this work, that they lay in a supply of clove oil or Lysol spray disinfectant as well as a good tight-fitting mask with fresh filters .
Begin separating the membrane from the wall of the intestine by peeling apart the ridge of fat which runs alongside. Once started, the membrane peels fairly easily until there is a narrowing or turn to the intestine, or, until the fatty ridge comes to an end. Some of the pieces removed were only a few inches long while others were nearly two feet long.
The membranes were rinsed in running water as the fat was pulled or scraped off, and then put in water to soak. Since ox intestine are in fairly short supply it was necessary to devise a method for stretching and drying the membranes with the least amount of waste. To accomplish this, I made a framework of plastic inside storm window mouldings mounted on 1" x 2" sticks. The membrane was stretched over these mouldings and held in place with strips of 1/8" Plexiglas. As it dried, the membrane tightened up and became clear.
When the tension is released by cutting the membrane free of the drying rack, it shrinks slightly and becomes somewhat wrinkled, but this may be prevented by treating it with a light application of surgical jelly; I have not tried the method referred to by Dr. Ure, reprinted below.
While I was working with the intestine, I was advised that goldbeater's skin. could be made from organ membranes2 such as liver,. but have not had the opportunity to test that information.
As far as other. animal sources for goldbeater's skin, "Not all cattle provide material suitable for this purpose. Well-nurtured animals usually have too much fatty tissue associated with the caecum which prevents thin layers from being easily separated so that generally the leaner and more undernourished types furnish better starting material. The processing of cattle caecum is necessarily an unsavoury business ... "3 Amen!
A 15 minute videotape recording this manufacturing process has been produced by Istor Productions, Portland, Oregon, 1983.
Barnes, Richard H. Gilding and the Making of Gold Leaf . 1962. pp. 31-35.
Bigelow, Jacob. The Useful Arts , Vol. I. Boston: Marsh, Capen, Lyon and Webb, 1840. pp. 144-145.
I.C.S. Reference Library, 202: Packing-house Industries, Manufacture of Soap . Scranton, PA: International Textbook Co., 1905. pp. 58-59, Section 19.
Karmas, Endel. Sausage Casing Technology . Park Ridge, NJ: Noyes Data Corp. , 1974.
Reed, R. Ancient Skins Parchments and Leathers . London: Seminar Press, 1972. pp. 130-131.
Stambelov, T. Manufacture, Deterioration and Preservation of Leather . Amsterdam: International Council of Museums, 1969. pp. 71.
Ure, Andrew. Dictionary of Arts, Manufactures, and Mines . Vol. I. New York: D. Appleton, 1858. pp. 948-950.
3. Ancient Skins, ibid, pp. 131.
"The skin of the gold-beater is a pellicle separated from the outer surface of ox-gut; but before being employed for this purpose, it must undergo two preparations. 1. It is sweated, in order to expel any grease it may contain. With this view, each piece of membrane is placed between two leaves of white paper; several of these pairs are piled over each other, and struck strongly with a hammer, which drives the grease from the gut into the paper.
2. A body is given to the pieces of gut; that is, they are moistened with an infusion of cinnamon, nutmeg, and other warm and aromatic ingredients, in order to preserve them; an operation repeated after they have been dried in the air. When the leaves of skin are dry,, they are put in a press, and are now ready for use. After the parchment, vellum, and gut membrane have been a good deal hammered, they become unfit for work, till they are restored to proper flexibility, by being placed leaf by leaf between leaves of white paper, moistened sometimes with vinegar, at others with white wine. They are left in this predicament for 3 or 4 hours, under compression of a plank loaded with weights. When they have imbibed the proper humidity, they are put between leaves of parchment 12 inches square, and beat in that situation for a whole day. They are then rubbed over with fine calcined gypsum, as the vellum was originally. The gut-skin is apt to contract damp in standing, and is therefore dried before being used."
Ure, Andrew. Dictionary of Arts, Manufactures, and Mines , Vol. I. pp. 949-950.
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0.99993 |
Sandra Dodd is a world-renown unschooling and natural learning advocate, and the mother of three adult unschooled children. Her website SandraDodd.com is one of the most comprehensive unschooling resources on the internet. She joins me for a fast-paced but fairly comprehensive discussion on unschooling and choice and her unschooling experiences, influences and philosophy.
How did Sandra's revelations as a teacher help her embrace unschooling?
How Sandra was able able to take ownership over her classroom.
Sandra share the stories of her three children learning to read, and how there might not always be clear incremental steps.
- what are we watching for?
- what's the problem with the word "education"
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0.988071 |
How can I tell the number of CPUs or logical processors on my Windows Server 2008?
2. Click on the "Performance" tab. You will see CPU and memory usage information displayed.
3. Count the number windows in CPU Usage History. If you see 4 windows, then there are 4 logical processors running.
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0.980168 |
This is an article critique of the article "Literature Reviews of: A commentary on Boote and Beile's" which is authored by Maxwell, Joseph and published by "Educational Researcher Journal" in December 2006.
The article is centered on the dissertation's literature review for research students at the doctoral level. Two views are given where Boote and Baile the authors of the book, "Scholars before Researchers: on the Centrality of the Dissertation Literature Review in Research Preparation." Who hold the traditional view that a thorough literature review for a dissertation's research area should be done and those who want a selective review of the literature review relating directly to the proposed study. The criteria of Boote and Baile is based on the idea that a literature review that meets high standards of on their criteria indicates that the doctoral candidate has a thorough, sophisticated understanding of a field of study which is totally foundational. The author of the article emphasizes on an alternative, non-foundational of literature review that is one of the major components of research design and which can draw on sources broadly other than published literature. The author of the article gives an outline that helps doctoral candidates identify relevance in their research designs as highlighted by authors of other books.
Boote and beile argue that literature review is the fundamental task of dissertation and research preparation and Doctoral students receive minimal formal training and guidance from faculty or published sources in how to analyze and synthesize research literature and therefore most dissertation literature reviews are poorly conceptualized and written, they conclude that literature reviewing should be a central focus of predissertation coursework and integrated throughout the program. The author agrees with Boote and baile's claims as being in consistence with his experience in teaching and advising the doctoral students and according to the authors view the authors' conception of a proper dissertation literature reviews undercuts the values of their insights because they emphasize on thoroughness and comprehensiveness which confounds literature review articles for publications with dissertation literature reviews and therefore the authors( boote and Baile) misses the relevance of centrality. Hence the author argues that the neglect of relevance leads them (other authors) to misrepresent the essential characteristics of a good dissertation literature review and to propose inappropriate standards for evaluating such reviews.
The author emphasizes on relevance where relevant works are those with important implications for the design, conduct, or interpretations of the study. Also all the results of demarcating, critically analyzing, and synthesizing literature should not be presented in the dissertation itself. However the author's disagreement with Boote and Baile on the centrality of relevance reflects a division within the educational research community over the proper form and goal of literature review that are part of dissertations and dissertation proposals. According to the author, this division is between those who hold a traditional view that a thorough literature review for a dissertation's research area should be done and those who want a selective review of the literature review relating directly to the proposed study. Therefore Boote and baile failed to recognize and address the differences between the two views which undermine their recommendations for improving dissertation literature reviews by holding on the foundationalist conception of the position and function of literature reviews in a given research. The author on the other hand gives a non-foundationalist view of literature review that it is one of the major components of a research design.
Doctoral training requires that one learns to understand and apply published research and scholarly items. However this is normally neglected leading to lack of relevance in most of the dissertations' literature reviews. There is need to educate doctoral candidates on the goal of the dissertation writing which is to read and use published research as opposed to literature review.
Other than research preparation, relevance is an important component for the doctoral candidates because they need to understand and use research findings from various topic areas that are widely covered.
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0.945521 |
Why is there a message when the VAIO computer restarts?
Msg: System Restart has been paused.
This symptom is due to the user pressing F8 when the VAIO computer is recovering from the hibernation mode. The operating system is giving user an option to continue to load from hibernation mode or to restart to Windows by deleting all the hibernate data previously save to the hard disk drive.
User can continue to start the computer by selecting the Continue with system restart option.
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0.999343 |
There's a lot of talk about minimalism these days, and much confusion about what it means. While I'm far from being an authority on the subject (I consider myself a minimalist-in-training) I'm going to throw in my two cents and explain what minimalism means to me.
Minimalism doesn't mean that we have to turn into some sort of Buddhist monk going through life with six or seven worldly possessions. Getting rid of stuff is not the goal here, but rather the consequence of choosing to live in a more deliberate way.
Minimalism starts by understanding that everything we surround ourselves with either adds value to our life or is just taking space. Things add value by being useful or by bringing us joy. Everything we let into our lives has to earn it's place.
A good way to make minimalism a daily practice is to get into the habit of constantly asking ourselves this question: "What is this doing here?" If it's not adding value or bringing us joy, get rid of it. Throw it away or give it to someone who may need it/like it/want it. Here's the key, though: whatever we decide to do we must decide quickly, or the resistance (laziness, procrastination, the just-in-case syndrome) will take over.
Keep it up until this daily practice becomes a habit, and you'll be surprised by how eliminating physical clutter contributes to getting rid of mental clutter too. I've noticed that since I'm doing this I'm able to think more clearly, and have an easier time getting organized and getting things done.
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0.999985 |
I practice core shamanism, a distillation of shamanic practices which are common to many diverse cultures. The methods of core shamanism are practiced by modern shamanic healers throughout the world. In core shamanism, the shaman enters a shamanic state of consciousness through listening to rhythmic percussion. He or she then journeys to the world of spirits and connects with spirit allies for healing work. These spirits are available to help everyone, and the shaman’s role is often to reconnect clients with their helping spirits, restoring their personal power.
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0.999999 |
Who is Rev. Jesse Jackson, Sr.?
The Reverand Jesse Louis Jackson, Sr. is one of America's foremost civil rights and political figures. Over the past forty years he has played a pivotal role in virtually every movement for empowerment, peace, civil rights, gender equality and economic and social justice.Long before national health care, a war on drugs, direct peace negotiations between Palestinians and Israelis, ending apartheid in South Africa and advancing democracy in Haiti became accepted public policy positions, Reverend Jesse Jackson advocated them and by doing so helped to bring the American public to a new level of consciousness.Reverend Jackson's two presidential campaigns broke new ground in U.S. politics. His 1984 campaign registered over one million new voters, won 3.5 million votes and helped the Democratic Party regain control of the Senate in 1986. His 1988 campaign registered over two million new voters, won seven million votes and helped boost hundreds of state and local elected officials into office. In 1990 Reverend Jackson was elected to the post of US Senator for Washington, D.C.As a highly respected and trusted world leader, Reverend Jackson has acted many times as an international diplomat in sensitive situations. For example, in 1984 Reverend Jackson secured the release of capturedNavy Lieutenant Robert Goodman from Syria and the release of 48 Cuban and Cuban-American prisoners in Cuba. He was the first American to bring hostages out of Kuwait and Iraq in 1990. In 1999 he negotiated the release of U.S. soldiers held hostage in Kosovo.His international efforts continued into the 2000s. In February 2003 Reverend Jackson spoke in front of an estimated one million people in London's Hyde Park at the culmination of the anti-war demonstration against the imminent invasion of Iraq by the U.S. and the United Kingdom. In November 2004 he visited senior politicians and community activists in Northern Ireland in an effort to rebuild the peace process and restore the governmental institutions of the Belfast Agreement.A hallmark of Reverend Jackson's work has been his commitment to youth. He has visited thousands of high schools, colleges, universities and correctional facilities encouraging excellence, inspiring hope and challenging young people to study diligently and stay drug-free.
Reverend Jackson has also been a consistent and vigorous supporter of the labour movement in the U.S. and around the world. He is known as someone who has walked more picket lines and spoken at more labour rallies than any other national leader. He has worked with unions to organize workers, to protect workers rights and to mediate labour disputes. In 1996 he travelled to Asia to investigate treatment of workers in the Japanese automobile industry and in athletic apparel factories in Indonesia.For his work in human and civil rights and for nonviolent social change Reverend Jackson has received more than 40 honorary doctorate degrees. He frequently lectures at major universities including Yale, Princeton, Harvard, Columbia and Stanford. On August 9, 2000, President Bill Clinton awarded Reverend Jackson the Presidential Medal of Freedom, the nation's highest civilian honor. In October 1997 he was appointed as Special Envoy of the President and Secretary of State for the Promotion of Democracy in Africa.Reverend Jackson has been on the Gallup List of the Ten Most Respected Americans for more than a dozen years. He is also a member of the Advisory Board of the International Peace Foundation. Reverand Jackson is also an avid supporter of Barack Obama during the 2008 USA Presidential Campaign.
Author's note: How the heck did IIUM manage to get this guy to give a lecture is beyond me. Somebody up there in admin must have REALLY superb connections. But seriously, this lecture is a must-go! Rugilah kalau miss.
tags: IIUM, Rev. Jesse Jackson Sr.
So didcha manage to go? My timing memang ngam tadi. I went late to avoid boring & unnecessary welcoming speeches (aka rector's) and managed to get in just as he was started. And then I immediately left after he was done. Hehe.
Great speaker that guy is. And there were times when I can hardly hold back from going all black gospel! The situation certainly felt like it. LoL. But tu lah... UIA crowd very demure and boring. Setakat tepuk tangan politely je.
Oh well, at least I heard a good orator speak. Even tough it felt like the guy was on a promotional campaign for Barack Obama.
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0.999987 |
How would have history turned out to be if the British had not colonized India?
According to Dadabhai Naoroji's book, "Poverty And Un-British Rule In India", the amount of wealth drained by the British from Indian resources amounted to 4 million pounds every year.
The country's map wouldn't be what it is now.
I can't say how small or how many parts as there are too many possibilities.
India had always been a peaceful nation and would have nothing to with the World War II had it not been under the rule of the British. More than two million sons of our soil were sent to fight the Axis powers in a war we had nothing to do with.
India has one of the strongest defense in the world. However, it would have been difficult for India to form such a strong army today had it not been trained for warfare under the British.
The British introduced the railways in 1871, but given their absence, the emergence of railways would probably come about much later in the 20th century and would not have covered every part of the country.
We wouldn't be having Metro right now in India, most probably.
Technological advancements such as setting up telegraph posts, connecting railways, airways and progress in the fields of medicine and academics would have flourished even without the British.
After all we would have been rich nation.
The most heinous Hindu practice where a widow would be burnt alive on the pyre of her deceased husband was finally abolished in 1829 in certain parts of India, starting from Bengal and rest of the Princely states followed suit. Apparently, Mughal king, Akbar, and Aurungzeb had tried to ban the custom but their implementations were not fruitful.
Although personalities like Sahajanand Swami and Raja Rammohan Roy had struggled hard to abolish the practice, it would have been a tough job had the British not backed the cause, especially with the widespread protest from the Hindu community against the ban.
BITTER TRUTH: If the British had not colonized India, then India would have become a Muslim country.
Every Muslim invaders, who invaded the Indian sub continent, including the Mughals, had only one agenda and that was to convert all the Hindus ( Infidels) into Muslims. And, all the invaders were quite remarkably successful in their agenda. The result was Afghanistan, Pakistan and Bangladesh, which were all once Hindu countries, became completely Muslim countries. The Muslim invaders had already forcefully converted millions of Indians and, had not the British ruled India for those 200 years from the 18th century, the remaining Indians would have also been converted and India would also have become a complete Muslim country.
British introduced modern weaponry to Indians. They taught the Indians how to use those modern weaponry and how to be disciplined and organised while fighting the enemy. This modern weaponry stopped the Muslim invasion of India and further conversions.
Some Indians argue that Moghals had become weak and Hindu kingdoms like Maratha, Vijayanagara were rising and so, Hindus would have dominated. But, the Muslim history teaches us they would have repeatedly attacked India till they achieved their goals. Remember Mahmud of Ghazni , who invaded India 17 times. The treacherous defeat of Vijayanagara Empire by the united Sultanates, followed by destruction and looting brought an end to a dream.
I agree that it is always difficult to accept bitter truth. Some Hindus may not be able to digest the bitter truth that we needed the British entry into India to prevent further Muslim invasion and forceful conversion. But the reality is Hindus are generally soft, mild, adjusting and peace loving people. But Muslim invaders were always ferocious and aggressive. So it was a mismatch. We therefore needed modern Weaponry from British to face further Muslim invasion. Today, we are very strong. Jai Hind.
Just Before the East India company gained it's momentum in the sub-continent , there where few regional superpowers who where gaining momentum .
This was India's map in 1795 , a time before the East India company emerged as a power .
We would have been still or lessertime than current., using horses., since railways are a gift of britishers to India.
Bangladesh Pakistan Afghanistan Burma Myanmar etc those who were a part of Greater India ie AkhandBharat would be one big country thereby surpassing every possible GDP and developed country of the present globe.
We'd have been colonized by some other European power. At that time, European nations were the most technologically, politically & militarily advanced powers. All three are required to colonize a subcontinent. The Indian kingdoms of that era were strong enough to repulse foreign invaders even though they were divided. Besides, Foreign invaders tend to unite rulers as they don't want to compete with unknown kings. It was this fear of war, both within India & at the borders, that allowed the Brits to colonize us.
The British were one of the strongest naval powers in the world. Their primary rival was France. So, I'm guessing France would have colonized us. However, the French didn't play politics as well the British. They were more interested in establishing strong trade & military relations instead of establishing dominance. However, they probably would have stepped in whenever a local ruler was getting too powerful.
The trade with India & subsequently the rest of Europe would have allowed the French to amass huge riches(just like the Brits). This wealth would have allowed them to build a navy that would isolate the British & fund wars that would force the rest of Europe to bow to them. Of course, this process would be bloody but the French would most likely avoid the Revolution since an isolated Britain wouldn't have many colonies to break away & form constitutional republics. The US would still be inhabited & divided among its various native tribes.
So, democracy is unlikely to have taken root. French would be the international language of diplomacy & commerce. Slavery would still probably exist since the Spanish & Portuguese colonies in South America would depend on it. Spain, Portugal & France were all catholic nations & had a strong bond. Besides, the French colonies in the Caribbean would have large labor intensive sugar plantations. We would probably still see Indians moving to these regions for work.
Then Asian continent will have at least 70 countries instead of 48 countries.
America will be the world's largest Democracy.
some parts of India will still be under the control of the French, Portuguese.
Several famines that occurred in the sub continent would have been prevented.
Practices like sati, untouchability, Caste discrimination would still exist.
Multiple border related issues would pose a serious threat for regional Peace.
Indian history would still be Mughals rule.
The Northern European countries have a common ethnic and cultural heritage. They are collectively called Scandinavia.
Had there been no British rule, the south Asian region would have been known collectively as India or Indian Peninsula.
There would have been at least two dozens of countries by now.
Why do people travel as tourists?
It is because travels makes us happy and release their tress , feel relaxation and wants to explore about various new places, destination where they can gather handsome knowledge. As i am having my own travel agency in Kenya so this is my definition about why people loves to travel.
Has any documentary ever changed your life?
8083 | Would you live or retire in a tiny house?
8435 | What would today's world be like if Spain had not lost any of it's colonies?
9034 | Where did the British East India Company set up its first factory in India?
5136 | Where is the most miserable place in America to live?
1630 | Why am I obsessed with love?
5014 | Which characteristics of sound wave is affected when the amplitude of the wave changes?
3231 | What is the cheapest way to set up an offshore company in Hong Kong?
5497 | What would the world be like if Christ had never been crucified (or otherwise killed)?
Can you get your true love back?
Have you ever witnessed a paranormal/demonic activity?
What if the Spanish-American war never happened?
Have you ever lost something only to find it later while looking for something else?
What's the craziest thing you've ever believed?
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0.999929 |
Feiertage und Festtage – der Monat Mai ist prädestiniert, dieses Thema im Unterricht anzusprechen. Dieses Jahr gibt es vier Feiertage im Mai: Tag der Arbeit, Christi Himmelfahrt, Pfingstmontag und Fronleichnam, und dann ist auch noch Muttertag am zweiten Sonntag im Mai.
Wir wohnen hier an der Grenze zwischen zwei Bundesländern, was nochmal zusätzlich eine Herausforderung ist: Schulferien sind in jedem Bundesland anders und nicht alle Feiertage sind bundesweit. Da etwa die Hälfte meines Kurses aus Hessen kommt, unsere Schule aber in Baden-Württemberg ist , kann es passieren, dass einige Kursteilnehmer schulfrei haben, während ihre Kinder in die Schule müssen, oder umgekehrt.
Dann ist es dieses Jahr so, dass der erste Mai auf einen Dienstag fällt, Himmelfahrt und Fronleichnam sind ja immer donnerstags, und somit gibt es drei Brückentage. Nicht alle Schulen sind an diesen Tagen geschlossen, unsere aber schon, die meisten Läden sind geöffnet, aber viele ärztliche Praxen geschlossen.
Das ist alles schon verwirrend genug, weshalb ich versuche die Gespräche auf praktische Überlegungen zu reduzieren. Heute musste ich allerdings die Frage nach dem Warum beantworten. Was wird an den kirchlichen Feiertagen gefeiert? Ich selbst bin Atheist oder vielleicht auch Agnostiker, aber protestantisch erzogen. Menschen anderen Glaubens in möglichst einfacher Sprache zu erklären, was Christen mit diesen Feiertagen verbinden, zeigte mir deutlicher als jemals zuvor die Absurdität dieser Ideen. Ich fühlte mich so unwohl dabei, dass ich froh war, als Amina den Muttertag erwähnte und gleich darauf mit ihrem Wissen glänzte, dass Übermorgen Vatertag sei.
Ja, an Himmelfahrt wird der Vatertag begangen. Und wie erkläre ich jetzt, warum in Deutschland Väter damit geehrt werden, dass jüngere Männer mit Bierkästen beladenen Bollerwagen in den Wald ziehen und sich lärmend besaufen?
Holidays – public, bank, or otherwise -May is a good month to tackle this subject with in class. There are four public holidays in May this year: Labour Day, Ascension Day, Whitmonday, and Corpus Christi. And of course, there is Mother’s Day on the second Sunday in May.
We live on the border of two federal states which adds another challenge: school holidays differ from each state and not all public holidays are nationwide observed. Since about half my course participants live in Hesse but our school is in Baden-Württemberg, we might have class while for some of their children school is closed, or vice versa.
In addition, Labour Day falls on a Tuesday this year, Ascension Day and Corpus Christi are always on a Thursday, thus we have three bridging days. Not all schools are closed on these days, yet ours was, most shops were open, but many doctor’s offices closed.
All this is confusing enough so I try to limit the discussions to practical considerations. But today I had to answer the question: why? What is celebrated on these religious holidays? I am an atheist, or possibly an agnostic, but I was brought up in the protestant faith. Explaining in very simple terms what Christians believe about these festivals to people who are followers of a different faith brought home the absurdity of these ideas like never before. I felt so uncomfortable that I was quite happy when Amina brought up Mother’s Day and immediately followed it up with her knowledge that the day after tomorrow will be Father’s Day.
Yes, we celebrate Father’s Day on Ascension Day. And how do I now explain that fathers are honoured in Germany by youngish men pulling crates of beer on children’s carts into the woods and getting uproariously drunk?
Even reading this list makes it clear that it is pretty solidly Christian, which surprised me as far as national holidays go. Hmm. I can see how that would be puzzling to some, and yet it might explain the history of the country too.
Most public holidays in Germany are church festivals, notable exceptions are Labour Day and Unification Day (our National Day), and possibly 1 January. Only 3 October (unification) is a nationwide public holiday, all others are decreed by the different states, even though they agree on 9 of them. Then there are an additional few which differ from state to state. Bavaria has the most (14), Niedersachsen the least (9); this is mainly due to Bavaria being predominantly catholic.
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0.966346 |
Why should you seal your concrete?
Cleaning and re-sealing concrete helps protect it from cracks and damage which can be very hard to fix, sometimes requiring new concrete to be poured. Concrete is like a sponge and absorbs water which can wear and crack the concrete over time so we apply an acrylic sealer to seal those pores and bring the concrete back to like new condition leaving a shiny gloss. The acrylic sealer gives longevity to the concrete while also providing solid protection for the first year while still helping to protect it from cracks and damage for a long period of time.
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0.951663 |
Are you tempted by cottage cheese with butter and garlic?
Named after a famous Soviet comedy movie, Mimino is decorated with scenes of the movie. Opened at the end of June 2013, it's one out of the four eateries at Piazza Batumi, specialising in Georgian cuisine.
The restaurant serves a range of traditional, as well as modern interpretation of local dishes.
I was tempted by the description of the dish that says cottage cheese, butter and garlic. I know this may sound weird, but the shaved cottage cheese somewhat reminded me of chee cheong fun (Chinese rice noodle roll) in terms of texture. The dish was a tad heavy, and I was hoping that it'd be more garlicky.
Known as a traditional eggplant stew of the Caucasus to international audience, the ajapsandali served that afternoon was pleasant. The local style vegetable ragout featured a potpourri of eggplants, bell peppers, tomatoes, potatoes and garlic. Pika's advice: Take note that it's a seasonal dish, which may not be available everyday.
The trout presented before my eyes was acceptably fresh, but the flesh wasn't as sweet as those I had in Samikitno and Chela Funicular in Tbilisi. It was a pity that there were only two very thin slices of lemon on the side. It'd certainly be great to have some fresh lemon juice on the fish.
Kharcho is a traditional Georgian soup containing beef, rice, cherry plum purée and chopped English walnut, served with finely chopped coriander leaves. I enjoyed it as it was mildly flavourful, but the unique taste lingered on the tongue. Despite the fact that there were only two pieces of beef, they were quite tender.
Here's another flavour of the ubiquitous lemonade in the country. My BFF and I agreed that it seemed to be sweeter than the rest, but fragrant nonetheless.
Anyway, the comedy movie that was released on 27 March 1978 seems to be quite highly rated.
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0.999892 |
What are the main differences between the previous definition of “chronically homeless” and the definition included in the final rule?
Stays in institutions of fewer than 90 days where they were residing in a place not meant for human habitation, in an emergency shelter, or in a safe haven immediately prior to entering the institution, do not constitute as a break and the time in the institution counts towards the total time homeless. Where a stay in an institution is 90 days or longer, the entire time is counted as a break and none of the time in the institution can count towards a person’s total time homeless.
The final rule also establishes recordkeeping requirements for documenting chronically homeless status, as further described in FAQ 2755.
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0.993592 |
Some places carry a certain mystique. Some walks are unique, and are anticipated for a long time. Today these two things come together with my love of cartographic trivia: Westward Ho! - the terminus of today's walk - is the only place in the country whose name includes a punctuation mark. How could I not be looking forward to it?
The walk itself was rather tedious. Between Barnstaple and Instow, the coast path follows a cycle route along the track-bed of a dismantled railway. Earlier in the day the Tour of Britain cycle race had commenced in Barnstaple, encouraging half the town into the saddle. Every few hundred metres we'd hear a bell behind us, or see a wobbly toddler riding out for the first time ahead. What should've been a straightforward section was a stressful gauntlet run.
Towards Instow an alternative, more coastal path diverged from the wannabe-Wigginses, and normal tranquil service was resumed.
A seasonal ferry runs across the River Torridge from Instow to Appledore two hours either side of high tide. We'd timed our walk to coincide, resulting in a leisurely start this morning, and a somewhat late finish in the evening. The ferry service was resumed by a local community group last year after a gap of many years. I sincerely hope they'll be able to keep it running since it was utterly charming, and lent these North Devon villages a flavour of the South Cornwall twin villages such as Fowey and Polruan.
After landing, and a circuit of England's oldest golf course at Northam Burrows, we finally reached Westward Ho!.
If the village's name intrigues you, and fills you with a sense of inquisitive wonder, then I beg you read no more. Let it forever live that way in your imagination. For Westward Ho! is a confused village. Half of it looks run-down and tacky; the other half has been rebuilt on the dream that this can once again become a bustling seaside resort. I hope it succeeds, but at the moment the jury's out.
Optimistically I would note that the first two places we tried to get a meal this evening were fully booked. On the other had, the pub we ended up in, while charming, was tired and in need of a jolt.
I hope that should we ever return to Westward Ho!, the optimists will have won.
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0.999874 |
Plan sustainability activities with middle and high school students to encourage efficient, eco-friendly innovation while boosting engagement.
Teaching students to respect the environment is an excellent way to explore careers in ecology and sustainability, but teachers should be taking additional steps beyond showing children how to protect the Earth. Once students understand how pollution, deforestation, and other threats caused by humans can impact nature, they can begin to develop solutions to these problems through sustainability activities.
There is a movement toward greener schools as parents, teachers, and administrators seek to improve the learning experience for children while providing a safe environment. Ask students to think of ways their schools can become more eco-friendly. Students should list sustainable measures that can be implemented in order to promote more environmental conscientiousness while they learn. These can include using solar energy sources, more efficient heating and cooling systems, and reusable or recycled supplies. This is simply a project for children of all grades to begin thinking about their roles in environmental protection, therefore the price tag should not be an object while they brainstorm during these sustainability activities.
Before solar-power solutions can be utilized, STEM professionals must calculate how much energy is used in a certain area. TeachEngineering provides an important lesson that shows students how to work with solar-energy maps and algebra concepts to estimate the amount of solar power necessary to generate energy. Educators can use this single solar-energy estimation project to branch out into other sustainability activities, as the lesson outline provides information regarding climate change, fossil fuels, and vocabulary that is relevant to the study of these environmental issues for high school students.
One of the most crucial areas of environmental protection lies in maintaining the quality of the world’s oceans through beach cleanup, reversing the effects of water pollution, and finding sustainable sources of fish. Through the TROUT in the Classroom project, students of all grades will use biology and ecology concepts to care for trout eggs as they mature and eventually hatch into fry. Teachers will then organize the final phase of the project that allows children to release trout into a state-approved body of water. Through completing the sustainability activities involved in this project children will become more conscientious regarding conservation, responsible fishing, and clean water while developing consideration toward other living creatures.
The consumption of fuel in the United States is another major environmental concern that STEM professionals are attempting to address through more efficient, cleaner alternatives. The U.S. Department of Energy’s National Renewable Energy Laboratory offers steps for teachers of middle-school students to show children how to generate biogas from biomass, which is manure in this case. Discussion questions are also included to engage students and ensure they understand the chemical processes through which biogas was produced. In this sustainability activity, students will learn the simplicity of creating alternate fuel resources from trash, which kills two environmental issues – fuel consumption and waste management – with one STEM stone.
One of the more detailed sustainability activities, mapping a student’s carbon footprint, requires each student to bring household financial records such as energy bills, insurance information, and pharmaceutical spending estimates to class. This project is perfect for high-school students, especially seniors who will legally be entering adulthood next year, as they will develop a genuine sense of environmental responsibility and be more likely to take ownership over their choices. Work together using statistics and algebra to develop solutions regarding how students can reduce their carbon footprints over the course of the year.
Altering human behavior to ensure environmental protection is an urgent matter, therefore the need for passionate engineers, scientists, and other ecology-focused STEM professionals will increase. Use sustainability activities to teach students about some of the industries that will rely heavily on professionals who are prepared to innovate and promote a healthy planet.
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0.978467 |
Video (02:14) : The Trump administration opened this detention camp in June as a temporary waystation for migrant teens.
TORNILLO, Texas — The Trump administration has put the safety of thousands of teens at a migrant detention camp at risk by waiving FBI fingerprint checks for their caregivers and short-staffing mental health workers, according to an Associated Press investigation and a new federal watchdog report.
FILE - This undated file photo provided by the Administration for Children and Families, a division of the Department of Health and Human Services, shows the shelter used to house unaccompanied migrant children in Tornillo, Texas. The Trump administration announced in June 2018 that it would open the temporary shelter for up to 360 migrant children in this isolated corner of the Texas desert. Less than six months later, the facility has expanded into a detention camp holding thousands of teenagers _ and it shows every sign of becoming more permanent.
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0.999989 |
This is an actual contract by International Rectifier.
1. Guaranty. The Guarantor hereby absolutely and unconditionally guarantees, as a guaranty of payment and performance and not merely as a guaranty of collection, prompt payment when due, whether at stated maturity, by required prepayment, upon acceleration, demand or otherwise, and at all times thereafter, of any and all existing and future indebtedness and liabilities of every kind, nature and character, direct or indirect, absolute or contingent, liquidated or unliquidated, voluntary or involuntary and whether for principal, interest, premiums, fees indemnities, damages, costs, expenses or otherwise, of the Borrower to the Lender , arising under that certain Credit Agreement dated June 27, 2006 between the Borrower and the Lender (the " Credit Agreement ") and any of the other Loan Documents (as defined therein) (including all renewals, extensions, amendments, refinancings and other modifications thereof and all costs, attorneys92 fees and expenses incurred by the Lender in connection with the collection or enforcement thereof), and whether recovery upon such indebtedness and liabilities may be or hereafter become unenforceable or shall be an allowed or disallowed claim under any proceeding or case commenced by or against the Guarantor or the Borrower under the Bankruptcy Code (Title 11, United States Code), any successor statute or any other liquidation, conservatorship, bankruptcy, assignment for the benefit of creditors, moratorium, rearrangement, receivership, insolvency, reorganization, or similar debtor relief laws of the United States or other applicable jurisdictions from time to time in effect and affecting the rights of creditors generally (collectively, " Debtor Relief Laws "), and including interest that accrues after the commencement by or against the Borrower of any proceeding under any Debtor Relief Laws (collectively, the " Guaranteed Obligations "). The Lender92s books and records showing the amount of the Guaranteed Obligations shall be admissible in evidence in any action or proceeding, and shall be binding upon the Guarantor and conclusive for the purpose of establishing the amount of the Guaranteed Obligations. This Guaranty shall not be affected by the genuineness, validity, regularity or enforceability of the Guaranteed Obligations or any instrument or agreement evidencing any Guaranteed Obligations, or by the existence, validity, enforceability, perfection, non-perfection or extent of any collateral therefor, or by any fact or circumstance relating to the Guaranteed Obligations which might otherwise constitute a defense to the obligations of the Guarantor under this Guaranty, and the Guarantor hereby irrevocably waives any defenses it may now have or hereafter acquire in any way relating to any or all of the foregoing.
any jurisdiction or any political subdivision thereof or taxing or other authority therein unless the Guarantor is compelled by law to make such deduction or withholding. If any such obligation (other than one arising with respect to (a) taxes imposed on or measured by the Lender92s overall net income, gross receipts or capital (however denominated), and franchise taxes, excise taxes, net worth and similar levies (in lieu of taxes on overall net income, gross receipts or capital), or (b) any branch profits taxes imposed by the United States or any similar tax imposed by any jurisdiction in which the Borrower is located) is imposed upon the Guarantor with respect to any amount payable by it hereunder, the Guarantor will pay to the Lender, on the date on which such amount is due and payable hereunder, such additional amount in U.S. dollars as shall be necessary to enable the Lender to receive the same net amount which the Lender would have received on such due date had no such obligation been imposed upon the Guarantor. The Guarantor will deliver promptly to the Lender upon request evidence of all withholding taxes paid by it with respect to payments made by the Guarantor hereunder. The obligations of the Guarantor under this paragraph shall survive the payment in full of the Guaranteed Obligations and termination of this Guaranty. At the Lender92s option, all payments under this Guaranty shall be made in the United States. The obligations hereunder shall not be affected by any acts of any legislative body or governmental authority affecting the Borrower, including but not limited to, any restrictions on the conversion of currency or repatriation or control of funds or any total or partial expropriation of the Borrower92s property, or by economic, political, regulatory or other events in the countries where the Borrower is located.
3. Rights of Lender. The Guarantor consents and agrees that the Lender may, at any time and from time to time, without notice or demand, and without affecting the enforceability or continuing effectiveness hereof: (a) amend, extend, renew, compromise, discharge, accelerate or otherwise change the time for payment or the terms of the Guaranteed Obligations or any part thereof; (b) take, hold, exchange, enforce, waive, release, fail to perfect, sell, or otherwise dispose of any security for the payment of this Guaranty or any Guaranteed Obligations; (c) apply such security and direct the order or manner of sale thereof as the Lender in its sole discretion may determine; and (d) release or substitute one or more of any endorsers or other guarantors of any of the Guaranteed Obligations. Without limiting the generality of the foregoing, the Guarantor consents to the taking of, or failure to take, any action which might in any manner or to any extent vary the risks of the Guarantor under this Guaranty or which, but for this provision, might operate as a discharge of the Guarantor.
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0.998614 |
The theory that Russia promoted the Catalan independence movement through fake news websites and large-scale retweeting is "exceptionally misleading". The claim comes in a report received by the UK Parliament from a US social-networking expert which takes apart the thesis of newspaper El País and state think tank Real Instituto Elcano, that Russia has been interfering in Catalonia in favour of independence via fake news and social media botnets. The report says that the theory of Russian interference is based on analysis that is "sloppy" and "one-sided".
UK Parliament 'fake news' committee publishes US expert report showing claims pushed by Spain about Twitter bots & #Catalonia are false and, in fact, a massive 15,000 strong botnet spread anti-#Catalan narratives.
The report, from social-media expert MC McGrath, says that the Russian influence theory is based on "exaggerations, inaccurate data and sloppy analysis". It describes a "failure to accurately use digital analytics tools", "dubious research methodology" and "one-sided analysis that ignores botnets disseminating anti-Catalan independence messages". It also says that the influence of bots and trolls was "exaggerated" and that Julian Assange's influence on media was "overstated".
The report says that the analysis behind the theories of Russian interference in Catalonia includes "egregious mistakes". It gives as an example the analysis of Wikileak's founder Julian Assange's Twitter profile. El País had reported that analysis from TwitterAudit showed that 59% of his followers are fake profiles. The report states that "this assertion is entirely inaccurate", not least because it's based on data "from February 12th, 2014, three years before anything was tweeted from the account".
The document also notes that the reports only took into account tweets, retweets and news stories with a pro-independence slant, but ignored pro-union or anti-Catalan messages, whatever their source.
It gives, as an example, a tweet from the account @marilena_madrid, which tweeted a report from Spanish newspaper ABC claiming that Puigdemont was starting a European tour with no support or meetings scheduled. This tweet got almost 16,000 retweets, but only 99 likes, which, according to McGrath, is a common pattern for bots.
The report was submitted as written evidence to the House of Commons' Digital, Culture, Media and Sport Committee's Fake News Inquiry after David Alandete from El País, Francisco de Borja Lasheras from the European Council on Foreign Relations, and Mira Milosevich-Juaristi from Real Instituto Elcano, presented evidence to the committee about disinformation on social media during the referendum in Catalonia.
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0.984122 |
Where can I see my Apple iTunes subscriptions?
In your list, scroll down and tap on "iTunes"
From the iTunes page, you can see a historical chart of your iTunes spending.
To view the breakdown of your iTunes subscriptions and to cancel subscriptions, tap the "Manage Subscription" button on that page.
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0.986423 |
How many books are in the Slow Burn series?
Five books are available in the series. A sixth book was originally planned but has been put on the back burner for now.
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0.993654 |
The Wright Model A was an early aircraft produced by the Wright Brothers in the United States beginning in 1906. It was an outgrowth of their Flyer III airplane of 1905. The Wrights actually built about seven Model As in their bicycle shop during their interim period 1906-1907 in which they did no flying. One of these was shipped to Le Havre in 1907 in anticipation of it being demonstrated for the French. The Model A had a 35 horsepower (26 kW) engine and seating for two with new control arrangement. Otherwise it was identical to the 1905 airplane. The Model A was the first aircraft that they offered for sale, and the first aircraft design to enter serial production anywhere in the world. Apart from the seven machines the Wrights built themselves in 1906-1907, they sold licences for production in Europe, with the largest number of Model As actually being produced in Germany by Flugmaschine Wright GmbH, which built about 60 examples.
The 1909 Military Flyer was a one-of-a-kind Model A built by the Wright Brothers. With wings shortened two feet and the same engine salvaged from the wrecked 1908 Fort Myer Flyer, it differed from the standard Wright A in size and had a faster speed. The aircraft was demonstrated successfully at Fort Myer, Virginia beginning June 28, 1909 for the U.S. Army Signal Corps, which offered a contract of $25,000 ($609,074 in present-day terms) for an aircraft capable of flying at 40 miles per hour (64 km/h) with two people on board for a distance of 125 miles (201 km). After rigid trials the Signal Corps accepted the airplane, August 2, 1909, paying the brothers $30,000 ($730,889 in present-day terms).
Wilbur & Orville devised slightly different flight controls in the Model A airplanes they built separately in France and the United States for their 1908 & 1909 public demonstrations. The Smithsonian's National Air and Space Museum refers to "The Wilbur Method" and "The Orville Method". In Wilbur's method, the roll and yaw controls were combined on the same lever at the pilot's right hand. A forward-backward movement controlled the rudder, while a sideways or left-and-right motion controlled wing-warping. In the Orville Method, moving the stick controlled wing-warping, while a knob atop the stick controlled the rudder. In both methods the left-hand lever operated the forward elevator to control pitch. Wilbur trained French and Italian pilots using his method, and Orville trained German pilots while in Germany in 1909 for the Wright GmbH as well as American pilots at the Wright Company flight school using his method.
Wright Flyer III, was itself the prototype in 1908. Flyer III was restored in the late 1940s back into its original 1905 configuration.
The original Wright Military Model A plane is now on display at the National Air and Space Museum in Washington, DC. It is displayed in much the original condition as when the Smithsonian received it in 1911.
The only original standard model A to survive, and the sole surviving original Dayton built example, is the one Orville Wright used to demonstrate at Tempelhof, Germany in September 1909. It resides in the Deutsches Museum, Munich.
An exact reproduction of the 1909 Military Flyer is on display in the National Museum of the United States Air Force in Dayton, Ohio. This reproduction was constructed in 1955 by Museum personnel. It is equipped with an original engine personally donated for the reproduction by Orville Wright, while the chains, sprockets, and propellers were all donated by the heirs of the Wright estate, and have been added to the replica as they have been received and restored.
In 2008 Ken Hyde built an exact replica of the original 1908 Wright Model A Military Flyer which itself was one of the Dayton 7. This for 100th anniversary and remembrance of Orville Wright's first trip to Fort Myer and also the death of Thomas Selfridge. Hyde has said in press reports that his reproduction is flyable but for now it will only exist in static display.
Picture - The Wright 1908 Model A Military Flyer arrives at Fort Myer, Virginia aboard a wagon, attracting the attention of children and adults.
Data from "US Army Aircraft 1908-1946" by James C. Fahey, 1946, 64pp.
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0.999944 |
There are several artists with this name. 1) An American-born Chinese rapper, Jin Au-Yeung. 2) Jin Berekelea (member of the moldavian experimental rock band Headswitch). 3) A solo project by Russian guitarist Eugene "Jin" Mischenko. 1) Jin The Emcee: A native of Miami, Florida, is the son of Chinese immigrants, and his parents own their own restaurant. Jin became interested in Hip Hop when he was in middle school and started battling his classmates in the cafeteria during lunch.
1) An American-born Chinese rapper, Jin Au-Yeung.
2) Jin Berekelea (member of the moldavian experimental rock band Headswitch).
3) A solo project by Russian guitarist Eugene "Jin" Mischenko.
1) Jin The Emcee: A native of Miami, Florida, is the son of Chinese immigrants, and his parents own their own restaurant. Jin became interested in Hip Hop when he was in middle school and started battling his classmates in the cafeteria during lunch.
Jin emerged on the scene after winning consecutive emcee battles on 106 & Park's "Freestyle Friday", and after winning 7 weeks of battles; Ruff Ryders came to him and offered him a contract. He accepted and was then part of the Ruff Ryder family and his first album on the Ruff Ryder label. "The Rest is History" (2004) was Jin's rookie album and he released two singles "Learn Chinese" which was produced by Wyclef and "Senorita".
On May 18, 2005 Jin released a song named "I Quit". The song was widely misunderstood because of its name. People thought that Jin had quit the rap game but he hasn't, as he stated that he went off to explore other things.
Jin dropped his sophmore album "Jin Presents: The Emcee's Propaganda" on October 25, 2005, the album sold over 7,000 copies in its first week. The single off his second album was "Top 5" where he talked about who would be the top 5 greatest hip hop artists of all time. He also shot a video for "Top 5".
Jin now goes by the name "The Emcee" and has dropped a new single called "FYI" featuring a fellow Asian rapper Yung Mac. In 2006 Jin will release 2 albums, one of which will be called "100 Grand Jin" with "FYI" as its single which he also shot a video for. Jin is also working on a project where he is planning on releasing a Cantonese album called "ABC Jin", where ABC stands for American Born Chinese. The album will be released internationally and "ABC Jin" will be rapped in all Cantonese.
Jin's style of rapping consists of strong punchlines, and used this skill in the battles he won. His punchlines hardly ever uses metaphors that require much thought to decipher, and his bars are clean cut and powerful when used in battles. Such battles against Verse, Shells, RK, and his 106 & Park battles are great examples of his style of rapping and battling.
2) Jin Berekelea is a talented artist (member of the moldavian experimental rock band Headswitch), who also has a solo project. The musical genres Jin is active in are: Experimental / Ambient / Industrial.
3) Guitarist: Jin is a Russian magician of the guitar. By means of his music he will acquaint you with the world of melody, romanticism, speed, emotions, fantasy and feeling of flight.
At the beginning of fall, the new debut album of a talented guitar player Eugene "Jin" Mischenko was released. ?Breaking the Sky?, the name of the album that symbolizes loud and fast appearance on the top of the music Olympus the new generation of the guitar masters. Eugene ?Jin? Mischenko, is one of the founders of last year's Miriada Project, that was one of the most talked about, and received a lot of positive reviews as well as in musical ideas and their execution.
This year, Jin decided to give us his first solo album that promises to send its listeners into a 40 minute travel inside the world of melody, romance, anxiety, speed, emotions, and science fiction. During the recording of his debut solo album, practically all work was done by Jin himself? solos, riffs, bass, keyboards and drums. On some tracks, he used the help of the bass guitar player, Aleksandr Podoroga, known by his work in Miriada. Keyboard tracks and pianos were recorded by Aleksandr ?Wish? Andruhin. Riffs for the Phantom track were recorded by Anton Mironkin.
Mixing and mastering were performed in Die Records Studio by one of the best sound engineers, Eugene Vinogradov (Catharsis, Butterfly Temple, Forgive-me-not). With his performance, Eugene Mischenko proves that instrumental music in Russia takes a new beginning, a new spin, a fresh breath. It's promising and essential. The album was released September 3rd, 2007 on Irond LTD.
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0.99978 |
"Shoes of Hope" is an interactive shoes donation project started by Art Miles Mural Project (AMMP). The AMMP is a non � profit organization recognized by UNESCO as an International program supporting "The Decade for the Culture and Peace".
"Shoes of Hope" is designed to deliver messages of hope through shoes painted with beautiful drawings and messages of peace, love and hope to youths in need all around the world.
The World Science Day celebrations were held at College of Natural\r\nSciences (CoNAS), Makerere University on Monday, 10th November 2014. The\r\ntheme for the day was, ��Promoting Quality Science Education: ensuring a\r\nsustainable future for all��. The theme is determined by UNESCO General\r\nAssembly every year. The event organisers were; College of Natural Sciences\r\n(CoNAS) with support from the Uganda National Commission for UNESCO\r\n(UNATCOM).
E4impact is an initiative launched by ALTIS, the Graduate School Business and Society of the Universita Cattolica del Sacro Cuore of Milan, Italy. E4impact��s vision is to ��Forge fast growing countries�� sustainable development through Impact Entrepreneurship��.
Uganda is more than a country, it Is the Pearl of Africa-- as fondly described by Sir Winston Churchill, and the former British Prime Minister who was enthused by what he found in the East African country. \r\nIn 1908, Mr. Churchill penned a book entitled My African Journey, about his trip to Uganda in 1907, saying, For magnificence, for variety of form and color for profusion of brilliant life - bird, insect, reptile, and beast - for vast scale - Uganda is truly the Pearl of Africa.\r\nSince then, many a people and institutions have labelled Uganda as one of the nations with the most breathtaking features.
of the High Commissioner for Human Rights (UNOHCHR), the United Nations Children�s Emergency Fund (UNICEF), the Uganda Human Rights Commission (UHRC) and the Uganda National Commission for UNESCO (UNATCOM) developed a concept paper that was adopted as a program..
The UNESCO Man and the Biosphere (MAB) programme is more than 40 years old and has since its inception focused on the interface of human activity and the rest of the biosphere especially the relationship between humans and nature. The biosphere reserves are meant to demonstrate and promote site-specific examples of how humans live with nature in a sustainable way.
THE STATUS OF INTEGRATION OF HUMAN RIGHTS-BASED APPROACH IN HEALTH CARE DELIVERY IN UGANDA: CASE STUDY OF SELECTED NORTHERN AND CENTRAL REGIONS� HEALTH SERVICE POINTS.
often at the heart of development problems.
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0.969745 |
This phrase means that someone eats violently and urgently.
Tom is very hungry so he is chowing down on a big hamburger.
Look, they are really chowing down.
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0.999783 |
Since announcing his retirement through social media, Ginobi has used a light-hearted tone to confront the San Antonio press.
I havent had a chance to meet and talk to you since the announcement, Ginobili said. I dont want to announce my decision under such circumstances. Although I am very sure, I will still feel embarrassed. Even though I already know my decision, my fingers still tremble when they press the release key. This is not an easy decision. 23 years of life has gone through so many difficulties that it will be difficult to conclude. So I decided to come to you and answer your questions a few weeks after I announced my retirement.
Ginobili has spent 23 years in his career winning four NBA championships, one Olympic championship and one European League MVP. Ginobili admitted that he had considered carefully before making a real decision. Last season, I thought it was the last season, he said. I went to every place, encountered every situation, and knew that it would be the last time. But I still have reservations, but slowly I firmly decided to retire. I had a good season, leaving my body and spirit behind. When I went back to the team for simple training and saw the young guys on the team, I felt too far away from that and I didnt think I could play another 82 games.
Nevertheless, Ginobili had to talk to coach Popovich first. The last time Popovich tried to persuade the disciple to stay, but he finally knew it was time. Ginobili said, he tried to convince me, but he also respected my decision very much.
On September 25, the Spurs began training camp for the first time since the 1997-98 season without any of Duncan, Ginobili or Parker. Ginobili said: for Popovich, this is a challenge. Its too easy to get along with us. He is too familiar with us. It is a great challenge for him to have a new team. But these players are young and energetic and want to prove themselves. So it will be an interesting challenge. I believe Bo can do well.
For the future, Ginobili said that the future plan is changing. But he plans to stay in Sanantonio for a few months before returning to Argentina next summer. He spent some time around the team, regularly returning to the team like Duncan. Popovich once joked that Duncan could return to the team anytime and anywhere. This sentence applies to Ginobili as well.
Ginobili said: I have no long-term plan. I enjoy it very much. Over the years, Ive been preparing for the Olympics, preparing for the new season and taking care of my body. And now I can train if I want to train and send my kids to school every morning, which I couldnt do in the past.
Speaking of the most important moment of NBA career, Ginobili mentioned the winning time in 2014. In 2013, spurs regretted that they lost the heat in the finals, but they came back in 2014. He said: the defeat in 2013 won me a heavy burden. Its great to be able to put these aside and help the team achieve their goals. This is a very important moment in my career. We are a great team and win the championship in a selfless and fun way. When I first won the Spurs, I didnt know how difficult it was to win the championship. But when I was 37 years old, I experienced great ups and downs, and I felt great joy.
Ginobili: I retire, but not to leave will come back regularly as Duncan did.
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0.999995 |
You may want to read my interview with the author to better understand the creativity infused within Yoon-Suin.
There's an old Chinese proverb that goes something like this, "May you purchase interesting RPG books." Some say this is a curse, others a blessing or blessing in disguise. Certainly, interesting gaming aids can be useful, often a breath of fresh air amongst the stale stacks of standarized volumes; however, there's a reason why the mainstream marginalizes such books: they're weird!
For those who like encounter locations and NPCs that sound more like poetry than utilitarian statistics and prefer to enjoy the journey rather than forge ahead to the destination wearing blinders +1, I heartily recommend Yoon-Suin the Purple Land. Of course, this assumes the reader is using (or at least familiar with) an OSR roleplaying game such as 1970's and 80's Dungeons & Dragons. If he is, then the reader is in luck. The OSR is like RPG haiku. And that's exactly what the Purple Land is.
For every familiarity found somewhere in Asia (fakirs, opium, tea, temples, etc), there's something fantastical (slug men, topaz dragons, and giant cockroaches that eat the city's garbage). It's a labyrinthine framework of strange oriental adventure as dictated by Jorge Luis Borges who'd been reading way too much Tolkien in the shadow of Thomas Ligotti. It's more magic realism than purple prose, though some readers will get a sense of both.
The Lagoon of Exquisite Dreams. A lagoon filled with strange rays which twist and turn in the darkness; the lagoon itself may be bottomless. Swimming in the lagoon will bring the swimmer into a dream-like fugue state, where his body floats suspended. This period lasts indefinitely unless a dispel magic spell is cast. During the period of suspension the swimmer recovers all hit points (within one day), heals diseases and poisons (within two weeks), and heals lost body parts (within a month). On initially entering the lagoon the swimmer must save versus death magic or panic and drown.
The author, noisms, is British (I assume) and affects that way of spelling certain words. For instance, "artefacts". Speaking of which, I love the Ancient Artefacts section on page 127. There's a special method of activating and understanding an unknown item accompanied by a table for describing such items and unfortunate events if the aforementioned special method calls for it.
In fact, no Yoon-Suin campaign will ever be exactly like another because almost the entirety of this setting is experienced by randomly rolling on tables. This may be sublimely welcome, inconveniently frustrating, or something in between, depending on the reader's preferences.
Beyond the quaysides and the harbours of the Yellow City which cluster the vast mouth of the God River are the jewels of the Southern Sea - the Topaz Isles. A myriad of rocky islets that stretches all across the Gulf of Morays like so many necklaces. those members of the League of the Road who are expert in such matters say that the isles rose to the surface because they were belched forth from the blazing hot depths of the earth and cooled in the ocean; they brought a rich vein of gem stones with them that has never been fully mined.
The beginning of the book gives us the lay of the land in detail that seems somewhere between obsessive and arbitrarily subjective. The majority is comprised of tables for all kinds of things... noble houses, tea shops and opium dens, shrines, golden wormlings, revolutionaries, elephant racing, rumors, pirate treasure troves, mercenary guilds, and a whole lot more. Most tables are prefaced with a paragraph or two detailing either how to best use the table (from the author's point of view) or describing what's going on within it.
The rest is made up of creatures and locations. The bestiary is short but sweet. You've got entries such as Undead Amphisbaenid, a squamous, limbless, burrowing worm-like reptilian thing; a Were-Moray Eel; Ogre Mage; Tiger Spirt; etc.
A giant tenebrous worm which has formed a cocoon of shadows in an exceptionally dark glade which sunlight never reaches. It can spin darkness itself into a web, shooting tendrils of un-light at intruders which hit automatically and prevent movement indefinitely; only magical light can repel them.
Personally, I think the sparsely used artwork is kind of neat, quirky, and almost infectious, albeit limited in expression. However, I would have preferred something else or alternative artists to go along with it.
Armor class is the old, descending system only. While I expected to see both, leaving ascending AC out isn't that big a deal.
Dwarves? Within moments of digesting the travelogue, I believed I could actually hear the world cry out for yellow elves, instead. Or something as strange as grasshopper and crab men.
From my reading and discussion with the author, I realize just how personal this work is. So, I have a feeling that any criticism (no matter how constructive) or advice on "improving" Yoon-Suin would fall upon deaf ears. Yoon-Suin is a visionary work and it is ultimately his vision and his alone. This is the way the author wants it, and that is that.
Even though I and other readers may believe the work may suffer here and there for its idiosyncrasies, I admire the author's balls (one yellow, the other purple). This kind of niche publishing is all about aesthetics (rather than sacks full of cash) and most of those come down to personal preferences we just happened to inherit along the way, collected like pretty rocks upon the path of life. More often than not, dumb luck is our biggest inspiration, our oldest teacher. Though, fortunately for us, noisms' collection of stones captivate rather than disenchant.
The PDF of Yoon-Suin can be found here. The softcover here.
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0.998166 |
Tips for keeping your employees safe and healthy each time they work out.
It is no secret that regular exercise is good for the body and the mind, whether you are encouraging your employees to keep fit after a delicious family dinner or simply motivating them to get back into better shape to improve their health and wellness. Not only can working out help to get the body into better health and burn off calories, but it is also a great tool for improving mood and boosting energy levels.
However, just like when you begin a new diet or health treatment, it is important to understand that there are certain risk factors and dangers that can come with too much of a good thing.
For example, when many people jump back into a workout routine after not being active for a while, they tend to focus on burning calories and dropping pounds, rather than being safety conscious and understanding what is best for their body.
Most injuries from exercising and working out occur because people do not take the time to equip themselves with proper clothing and equipment. Each sport has a different types of clothing, gear or shoe that works best for that sport, therefore it is important to do some research before you get started. It’s also important that you purchase clothes with proper reflective fabric if you plan on heading outdoors for your workout.
You should always go easy on your body when working out, especially if you are not used to exercising regularly. Start at a nice, easy pace, then gradually increase the intensity and duration of workout as you feel yourself becoming more comfortable with the pace that you are at. You should also being each and every workout session with at least 10 minutes of warming up and cooling down movements. This will help to warm up your muscles and prevent any injuries.
Above all else, it is important that you listen to your body and stop exercising if you feel as if something is wrong. Signs such as dizziness, muscle cramps, sharp joint paints and irregular heartbeats are all signs that you should stop working out right away.
Whenever you work out, there is a good chance that you will be sweating. What this means is that your body will be depleting all of its stored fluid, resulting in dehydration if you are not careful to drink water before, during and after your workout. Doctors suggest that you drink at least 8-10 glasses (8 oz. each) of water every day, and even more if you are planning on working out.
If you are planning on implementing a corporate-sponsored wellness program into your workplace, it is important that you inform your employees of the importance of a safe workout. By following some of these simple exercise tips, you can ensure that they are working towards a healthy, happy body without any serious risks.
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0.968871 |
How can I read and study the Bible to bridle my tongue better. Sometimes I say things that I wish I didn't and want to minimize those times as much as possible. What does the OPC have to say about bridling the tongue?
The OPC says about bridling the tongue what the Bible says about it. There is no magic, or easy way, to achieve this. And we all fail at one time or another and to some degree or another.
A. The sins forbidden in the ninth commandment are, all prejudicing the truth, and the good name of our neighbours, as well as our own, especially in public judicature; giving false evidence, suborning false witnesses, wittingly appearing and pleading for an evil cause, outfacing and overbearing the truth; passing unjust sentence, calling evil good, and good evil; rewarding the wicked according to the work of the righteous, and the righteous according to the work of the wicked; forgery, concealing the truth, undue silence in a just cause, and holding our peace when iniquity calleth for either a reproof from ourselves, or complaint to others; speaking the truth unseasonably, or maliciously to a wrong end, or perverting it to a wrong meaning, or in doubtful and equivocal expressions, to the prejudice of truth or justice; speaking untruth, lying, slandering, backbiting, detracting, tale bearing, whispering, reviling, rash, harsh, and partial censuring; misconstructing intentions, words, and actions; flattering, vain-glorious boasting; thinking or speaking too highly or too meanly of ourselves or others; denying the gifts and graces of God; aggravating smaller faults; hiding, excusing, or extenuating of sins, when called to a free confession; unnecessary discovering of infirmities; raising false rumors, receiving and countenancing evil reports, and stopping our ears against just defense; evil suspicion; envying or grieving at the deserved credit of any, endeavoring or desiring to impair it, rejoicing in their disgrace and infamy; scornful contempt, fond admiration; breach of lawful promises; neglecting such things as are of good report, and practicing, or not avoiding ourselves, or not hindering what we can in others, such things as procure an ill name.
Finally, the Book of Proverbs offers much practical counsel in this area, including the importance of heeding divine wisdom.
An evil man is trapped by his sinful talk, but a righteous man escapes trouble. From the fruit of his lips a man is filled with good things as surely as the work of his hands rewards him. (Prov. 11:13-14).
The LORD detests lying lips, but he delights in men who are truthful. (Prov. 12:22).
A man finds joy in giving an apt replyand how good is a timely word! (Prov. 15:23).
We need to pray specifically for God's grace to help us with our tongue. It helps a lot to be with Christians who can be our role models in this area.
I hope this helps you in a daily endeavor to conquer in a struggle we all are in.
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0.999985 |
A peer-reviewed, scientific psychotherapy journal, published 3 times per annum.
Please remove the inverted commas.
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Article: (03-25-2019) (Zones: Comic Books) Marvel Comics got its start way back in 1939, but at the time it was known as Timely Comics. The era saw the launch of some of their most iconic characters including the Fantastic Four, the X-Men, and several characters that have been dominating the box office over the past several years such as Spider-Man, Iron Man, Doctor Strange, The Black Panther, Captain Marvel and more. Here is an amazing chart provided by AAAStateofPlay.com detailing the first appearance of many Marvel Comics greats! Read More.
Hawkman - Celebrating the DC Comic Book Character Hawkman!
Article & Podcast: (11-10-2018) (Zones: Comic Books) Today is #HawkmanDay on social media and fans and comic book creators are celebrating one of the oldest DC Comics characters - Hawkman! Hawkman has a complicated backstory but a very cool costume design. He has been around since the golden age of comics, has been a staple of DC Comics since the 1940s, has had action figures, a role on the Super Friends, and appearances throughout media. Celebrate Hawkman with us today at When It Was Cool. Read More.
Article: (10-04-2018) (Zones: Comics) We continue to celebrate #MonsterMonth here at When It Was Cool and today we look back at the early appearances of Dr. Frankenstein and his Monster in the pages of Silver Surfer and his own Marvel Comics title - The Monster of Frankenstein. The Monster has been used less frequently in Marvel Comics than in DC Comics but today we look at the first and early appearances of the Frankenstein Monster in the Marvel Universe. Read More.
Article: (10-02-2018) (Zones: Comics) We continue to celebrate #MonsterMonth here at When It Was Cool and today we look back at the first appearance of Dr. Frankenstein and his Monster in the pages of Detective Comics where he ultimately confronts Batman and Robin. The golden age of comics featured lots of scientific elements and fun action. Read More.
Article: (08-09-2018) (Zones: Comic Books) Moon Knight is an amazing character from the Marvel Universe, well, he could be an amazing character. Instead, he has fallen into eras of being a low-rent Batman, a punch-em up superhero, and a social commentary for the exploration of mental illness. When It Was Cool argues that the character would best be used by returning to his original eerie macabre roots. Read More.
Article & Podcast: (08-08-2018) (Zones: Comic Books) In this article, Karl from When It Was Cool takes a look at the movie that launched the DC Comics Warner Brothers cinematic universe and, unfortunately, set the tone for it as well. Man of Steel isn't a bad movie but it doesn't know what it is, tries to be too many movies packed into one, and has a needless darkness that has effected every DC movie since. Henry Cavill as the lead character Superman does a fine job with what he has to work with but there is a lot going on in this movie... let's discuss it. Read More.
Article: (07-30-2018) (Zones: Comic Books) In mid-1977 Godzilla stomped out of the Toho movies and into the pages of Marvel Comics and began a rampant campaign of destruction from coast to coast across the United States. Godzilla - King of the Monsters is set fully inside the Marvel Universe with Godzilla meeting the Fantastic Four, Spider-Man, and even the Avengers. When It Was Cool takes a look back at the 1977 licensed Marvel comic book series - Godzilla King of the Monsters. Read More.
Article & Podcast: (07-18-2018) (Zones: Comic Books) Yes... we finally got around to reviewing the latest (awful) offering from the (horrendous) Warner Brothers DC movie universe. We finally get all of our (least) favorite movie universe heroes together to be sad in unison and fight an outrageously forgettable villain. DC's movie universe needs razed to the ground, buried, and forgotten. Tonya and Karl review this sludge of a movie in today's When It Was Cool movie review. Read More.
Article & Podcast: (07-11-2018) (Zones: Comic Books) Ghost Rider is a Marvel Comics character who got his first movie in 2007 and a sequel a few years later. Though these movies are not part of the Marvel Cinematic Universe there isn't any real reason they couldn't be. The Ghost Rider movie stars Nicholas Cage in the lead role and is largely faithful to the 1970s comic version of Ghost Rider. Sam Elliott also stars as the circa 1800s era Ghost Rider which is a very different take on the comic book version. How did the movie hold up? Join Karl as he looks back at Ghost Rider (2007). Read More.
Article & Podcast: (06-27-2018) (Zones: Comic Books) Continuing the continuity of the previous Superman movies starring Christopher Reeve, Brandon Routh gets the biggest role of his career thus far as Superman in Superman Returns. Ignoring Superman III and Superman IV, this movie re-imagines post Superman II continuity with Superman flying off into space for a few years only to return to a world that has moved on without him. Kevin Spacey replaces Gene Hackman as Lex Luthor and is up to another real estate scheme. Read More.
Article & Podcast: (06-13-2018) (Zones: Comic Books) The final Christopher Reeve Superman movie features Superman trying to save the world from nuclear weapons and the super powered Nuclear Man. This movie failed on just about every level and the Wikipedia entry calls it one of the worst movies ever made. I wouldn't go that far but this movie just did not work. Join When It Was Cool as we take a look at Superman trying to save the world from itself, Nuclear Man, and then just straight up admitting defeat in our review of Superman IV - The Quest for Peace. Read More.
Article & Podcast: (06-06-2018) (Zones: Comic Books) The hits just keep on coming for the Superman movie franchise starring Christopher Reeve. This time the directors just give up and decide to make a Richard Pryor comedy instead during which Superman shows up, turns mean, and fights himself. This movie is something else and people seem to utterly hate Superman III. Here is what When It Was Cool thought about it. Read More.
Article & Podcast: (05-30-2018) (Zones: Comic Books) As established with my review of Superman (1978) I am not a fan of these movies and the Richard Donner cut only furthered my disdain for them. I know some people hold these films up as nostalgic symbols of their childhood but I didn't like these films when I was a kid and I like them less now. In fact, I liked Superman II the best of them all until I watched the Richard Donner cut for the first time and... oh boy. Here we go. Read More.
Article & Podcast: (05-23-2018) (Zones: Comic Books) I'm probably going to lose friends over this one. Superman (1978) is one of the most beloved movies in superhero fandom and Christopher Reeve certainly deserves the accolades. But I hate this movie. I hate everything about this that isn't Christopher Reeve. I recently re-watched it again for the first time in many years and here are my thoughts on Superman (1978). Your mileage may vary. Read More.
Article & Podcast: (05-16-2018) (Zones: Comic Books) In 1977 Marvel Comics brought Spider-Man to live action for the first time. Well... not the first time if you count the Electric Company on PBS but you get the picture. I had no idea that this ended up being a TV series that ran TWO seasons! My childhood memory wanted this to be a couple TV specials and I remember them not being very good. Well, the TV pilot wasn't as bad as I remembered. It wasn't good but it wasn't horrible. More like just boring while soaked in 1970s. Read More.
Article & Podcast: (05-09-2018) (Zones: Comic Books) The Trial of the Incredible Hulk (1989) was a made for TV movie featuring Bill Bixby and Lou Ferrigno as David Banner and the Incredible Hulk. One year after their return to television special, NBC brought the duo together again to team them with Rex Smith as the Daredevil to take on Wilson Fisk and his criminal empire. Karl from When It Was Cool takes a look back at this fun made for TV adventure movie. Read More.
Article & Podcast: (05-07-2018) (Zones: Comic Books) One of the biggest and most epic superhero movies in history is Avengers: Infinity War. There was a literal ten year build up to this movie and it did not disappoint with a huge cast of superhero characters including Captain America, Spider-Man, Thor, Black Panther, Guardians of the Galaxy, Dr. Strange, Iron Man, The Hulk, and over a dozen more. Karl and Tonya from When It Was Cool give you this spoiler free article review then, if you want to dive deeper into spoiler territory, there is a downloadable podcast to give you even more! Read more.
Article & Podcast: (05-02-2018) (Zones: Comic Books) The Incredible Hulk Returns (1988) was a made for TV movie featuring the return of Bill Bixby and Lou Ferrigno as David Banner and the Incredible Hulk after being gone from television for several seasons and features the first ever live action appearance of Thor! Karl from When It Was Cool takes a look back at this fun made for TV adventure movie. Read More.
Article & Podcast: (04-25-2018) (Zones: Comic Books) The Green Hornet (1940) was a 13 part film serial edited into a two hour movie. The Green Hornet is part of the George W. Trendle universe and, in that continuity, is the great nephew of the Lone Ranger. He is accompanied by martial arts expert and genius inventor sidekick Kato. In this article and podcast special, Karl from When It Was Cool takes a look at The Green Hornet (1940) Read More.
Article & Podcast: (04-18-2018) (Zones: Comic Books) Superman and the Mole Men was a pilot, or trial balloon as they called them back in the day, series which debuted George Reeves as Superman. George Reeves became a beloved Superman to an entire generation of fans through the Adventures of Superman television series. However, Superman and the Mole Men left a lot to be desired with it's too serious attitude and ham-fisted moral message and lack of action. Karl from When It Was Cool tells us all about Superman and the Mole Men (1951). Read More.
Article & Podcast: (04-10-2018) (Zones: Comic Books) Captain America II: Death Too Soon was the sequel to Captain America, a made for TV movie special that aired in 1979. It was also the last time we would see the Reb Brown TV version of Captain America. This was actually a pretty good movie and, aside from the kind of goofy costuming, held up as well as other 1970s action adventure properties. Join Karl from When It Was Cool as he looks back at this television special from 1979. Read More.
Article & Podcast: (04-04-2018) (Zones: Comic Books) Captain America was the first of two made for TV specials that aired in 1979 featuring the Marvel Comic books character Captain America starring Reb Brown in the lead role. Coming on the heels of the successful The Incredible Hulk television series, Captain America failed to launch into a full fledged television series but the TV pilot holds up better than you might remember. Join Karl from When It Was Cool as he looks back at this television special from 1979. Read More.
Article & Podcast: (03-28-2018) (Zones: Comic Books) Legends of the Superheroes was just terrible. Two Legends of the Superheroes specials aired in 1979 just a few days apart. This review looks at the second one "The Roast". It reunited two members of the 1960s Batman cast- Adam West (Batman) and Burt Ward (Robin) but Frank Gorshin (Riddler) who appeared in part one decided to sit this one out, along with several new heroes and villains- Hawkman, Green Lantern, The Flash, Captain Marvel, Huntress, Black Canary, The Atom, Dr. Sivana, Sinestro, Solomon Grundy, the Weather Wizard, and others. As awesome as that may sound... it wasn't. Read More.
Article & Podcast: (03-21-2018) (Zones: Comic Books) There's no good way of saying this. As bad as I wanted this to be good, or at least entertaining, Legends of the Superheroes was just terrible. Two Legends of the Superheroes specials aired in 1979 just a few days apart. This review looks at the first one "The Challenge". It reunited three members of the 1960s Batman cast- Adam West (Batman), Burt Ward (Robin), and Frank Gorshin (Riddler), along with several new heroes and villains- Hawkman, Green Lantern, The Flash, Captain Marvel, Huntress, Black Canary, Dr. Sivana, Sinestro, Solomon Grundy, the Weather Wizard, and others. As awesome as that may sound... it wasn't. Read More.
Article & Podcast: (03-14-2018) (Zones: Comic Books) Join When It Was Cool editor Karl Stern with his look back at the 1950 Columbia serialized film adventure Atom Man vs. Superman! This 15 part serial series was a sequel to the 1948 Superman series and features Lex Luthor as the lead villain masquerading under a mask as the Atom Man while trying to destroy Metropolis. A fun filled adventures series. Read more.
Article: (03-10-2018) Karl from When It Was Cool takes a look at one of the most iconic characters in comics - Captain Marvel (Shazam). Now with his own movie, Shazam is more in the pop culture spotlight than he has been in decades. In this article we take a look at the various incarnations and live action appearances of one of the earliest and greatest superheroes- Captain Marvel - Shazam! Read More.
Article & Podcast: (03-07-2018) (Zones: Comic Books) Join When It Was Cool editor Karl Stern with this look back at the 1948 Columbia serialized film adventure Superman! This 15 part serial series featured the first live action appearance of Superman and includes his origins, the origin of Kryptonite, and his battle against the mysterious Spider Lady. A fun, action packed, movie serial. Read More.
Article & Podcast: (02-21-2018) (Zones: Comic Books) Join When It Was Cool editor Karl Stern with this look back at the 1944 Republic serialized film adventure Captain America! This 15 part serial series used a man in a Captain America costume playing a character with essentially none of the elements of the Marvel Comics character. The lead actor even died a few weeks after filming from a heart attack after being cast slightly overweight to play Captain America. If it sounds like this serial is horrible, surprisingly, it isn't. It also isn't really Captain America either. Read More.
Article & Podcast: (02-14-2018) (Zones: Comic Books) Join When It Was Cool with this look back at the 1949 follow-up to The Batman titled simply Batman and Robin. Released as a 15 part serial series in 1949 this Batman adventure featured all new actors, better stories, and significantly worse costuming. This Columbia Pictures feature met with great success at the time and we take a look at the good, the bad, and the ugly costumes of this great old-timey classic. Read More.
Article & Podcast: (02-07-2018) (Zones: Comic Books) You win some and you lose some. Unfortunately, the 1943 Columbia movie serial The Batman is a real loser. From terrible casting to overt in-your-face propagandized racism, there is little to love about the first appearance of the Batman on film. Join When It Was Cool editor Karl Stern as he takes a look back in this free article (accompanied by a Patreon exclusive audio podcast) at the first time Batman appeared on film and what happened next! Read More.
When It Was Cool Asks the Hard Questions: Superman - Red Shorts or No Shorts?
The comic book and movie community is divided. The world is at war. The hard question must be asked: Do you prefer your Superman with or without red shorts? Yeah, it's not the most pressing question in the world but fans seem genuinely divided over Superman's shorts. In this article, When It Was Cool editor Karl Stern talks about why it both does and does not matter. Read More.
When It Was Cool takes a look back at one of the most critically acclaimed serialized features from the golden era of movies; Republic films Adventures of Captain Marvel (Shazam) starring Tom Tyler and Frank Coghlan, Jr. This serial is perfectly cast and holds up much better than most of the old movie serials do. Find out all about the series and what happened to the two main stars as we take a look back at the Adventures of Captain Marvel. Be sure to download the podcast review special as well! Read More.
When It Was Cool has crunched the numbers using dozens of Best of Comics, Greatest Comic Books, and Must Read Comic Book Stories lists. We have polled the visitors to When It Was Cool and these are the 100 Greatest Comic Book Single Issues, Comic Book Runs, and Graphic Novels of all time! Where did your favorite comic book or comic book story rank on the top 100 comics of all time list? Check it out! Read More.
When It Was Cool takes a look back at the 1970s Marvel Comic book series Werewolf by Night which, not only brought the classic Wolfman / Werewolf into the Marvel Universe but introduced us to other new and interesting characters like Moon Knight. #MonsterMonth continues with a look back at this frightening Marvel Comic book series- Werewolf by Night! Read More.
When It Was Cool takes a look back at the dark 1970s Marvel Comic book series The Tomb of Dracula which, not only brought the classic Vampire into the Marvel Universe but introduced us to other new and interesting characters like Blade the Vampire Slayer. #MonsterMonth continues with a look back at this macabre Marvel Comic book series- The Tomb of Dracula! Read More.
Joseph Perry is back with another great comic book review. This time he takes a look at The Twilight Zone from Gold Key Comics and review two issues of The Twilight Zone television show comic book spin-off. Read More.
He is a character so unlikable that he was portrayed as being hated by G.I. Joe and Cobra alike! Writers and artist went to great lengths to make him completely hateable with no redeeming qualities because drugs are bad... m'kay? Join us on a detailed look at the G.I. Joe enemy- The Headman. Read more.
Karl Stern from When It Was Cool takes a look at some superheroes he really wants to like but hasn't found a great story about them. This article also contains a free When It Was Cool podcast special you can stream or download. From Ant-Man to the X-Men here are some comic book characters we really want to like! Read More.
Joseph Perry is back to take a look at this 1960's comic book adaptation of the popular The Outer Limits television show which showcases the great art of Jack Sparling. Comic books from back when it was cool. Read More.
Two years ago Marvel Comics had momentum and ate up a giant slice of the comic book distribution pie. Now, there is a steady stream of negative Marvel Comics stories from their controversial diversity comments to the handling of Captain America. So, what is the trouble with Marvel and why don't they see the point? Read More.
The When It Was Cool family reads the Marvel 616 Universe in chronological order starting with the November 1961 Fantastic Four issue 1 in which the team comes together to face the Mole Man. This podcast series is a Patreon supporter exclusive but issue 1 is free for everyone.
The When It Was Cool family is reading the Marvel 616 universe in chronological order. Along the way we will make discoveries. The first of those is that Reed Richards is not, in fact, the smartest man in the Marvel Comics universe but he is actually an idiot. Read More.
Karl from When It Was Cool takes a look at one of the most iconic characters in comics - Thor! Read More.
Karl from When It Was Cool takes a look at the visually striking DC Comics character - the Red Tornado! Read More.
Karl from When It Was Cool takes a look at one of Marvel Comics most mis-understood and under appreciated characters - Moon Knight! Read More.
Joseph Perry takes a look at this wonderful comic book adaptation of King Kong. Read More.
When It Was Cool takes a look back at the iconic Batman solo title debut from 1940 featuring two Joker stories and an early peak at Catwoman, plus Robin the boy wonder. Batman issue 1 shows us a very different Batman than the one in the modern age, one who kills. We also get the origin of Bruce Wayne and his transformation into the Batman told for the first time in comics. Read More.
Joseph Perry takes a look at the classic Gold Key comic book series UFO Flying Saucers. Read More.
When It Was Cool reviews the 1963 issue of The Avengers Issue 10 featuring Captain America, Iron Man, Thor, Giant Man, and Wasp. Read More.
When It Was Cool went to see the new Marvel Studio's movie Dr. Strange and here are some spoiler free thoughts about it. Read More.
When It Was Cool reviews the latest KISS comic book series by Dynamite Comics. Read More.
When It Was Cool reviews the ensemble IDW special event comic featuring G.I. Joe, Transformers, M.A.S.K., Micronauts, and others. Read More.
When It Was Cool reviews the classic return of Captain America in The Avengers issue 4. Read More.
Karl Stern reviews the 2016 event limited series Death of Hawkman Issue 1 by DC Comics. Read More.
Karl Stern reviews the 2016 event limited series Death of X Issue 1 by Marvel Comics. Read More.
Karl Stern reviews the 1952 Atlas comic Astonishing that probably doesn't go where you would expect it to. The 1950's were a different time folks. Read More.
Phil Nourse reviews his experience at the Marvel Universe Live event at London's O2 arena. Read the article.
Karl Stern takes a look at the mess of a mini-series Marvel has gotten themselves into. It's a fight between two sides over something or other. Read the article.
Karl Stern takes a look at a classic Golden Age comic book All Star Comics featuring the Justice Society verses Brain Wave from World War 2 era. Read the article.
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Fayol (1949) argued that all industrial undertakings precipitate activities that can be categorised into six groups: technical, commercial, financial, security, accounting and management. Fayol's work focused on the latter category, management. Frederick Taylor (1856-1915) was a contemporary of Fayol. Although Taylor's work is sometimes compared with Fayol's, it is important to realise that the focus of each is quite different. Wren (1994) notes that Fayol's work was overshadowed by Taylor's, even in France. But Fayol always argued that the two works were complementary. Wren observes that Fayol viewed management from the executive perspective while Taylor focused on the other end. For example, the foundation of Taylor's scientific management was time study. Fayol's classical model This section summarises the ``principles'' and ``elements'' propounded by Fayol. These are amplified later (in the section titled ``A closer look at Fayol's ideas'').
Fayol (1949) enumerated and discussed 14 ``principles'' of management. Specifically, these concerned: (1) division of work; (2) authority and responsibility; (3) discipline; (4) unity of command; (5) unity of direction; (6) subordination of individual interest to the general interest; (7) remuneration; (8) centralisation; (9) span of control; (10) order; (11) equity; (12) stability of tenure of personnel; (13) initiative; and (14) esprit de corps. Fayol stressed that the actual number of principles was arbitrary and the list non-exhaustive (for example, Brodie, 1967; Fayol, 1949). He asserted that the principles should be flexible and adaptable to every need. Fayol (1949) also identified five ``elements'' or ``processes'' (Gray, 1984) of management, which constituted his ``rules of his administrative doctrine'' (Brodie, 1967). These processes are: (1) Planning: examining the future and laying out the actions to be taken. (2) Organising: laying out lines of authority and responsibility. (3) Co-ordinating: laying out timing and sequencing of activities; binding and harmonising all. (4) Commanding: putting the plan into action. (5) Controlling: monitoring and adjusting; ensuring conformity with rules. According to Fayol, principles should guide the execution of these management processes. The question of currency As intuitively appealing as it may seem, the classical work of Fayol (1949) tends to be quickly rejected by many authors (for example, Kotter, 1982; Mintzberg, 1973). It has also been noted that recognition and incorporation of Fayol's work is no longer widespread in contemporary MBA textbooks (Archer, 1990) as was once thought (Caroll and Gillen, 1987).
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Hiking and skiing at the largest waterfall in the Lower Peninsula!
Ocqueoc falls are the largest waterfalls in Michigan's Lower Peninsula. At this site, you can see where the Ocqueoc River has cut a channel through the limestone bedrock that underlays the entire region. The remnants of an old mill race can be seen just above the falls. This area is also the trailhead for the Ocqueoc Bicentennial Pathway, which provides miles of hiking and x-c skiing opportunities.
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You are a desktop technician for a public school district. Your supervisor has asked you to write a script that will configure the wireless adapters on student's Linux based laptops to connect only to authorized access point. Assuming the access point's MAC Address is 00:0D:9D:C6:38:2D, which command will help you achieve this?
IWCONFIG is a Linux command line tool for configuring wireless settings. IWCONFIG can be used to change settings like authorized access points, signal strength, wireless channel, and what SSID to connect to. IP Address, subnet mask and DNS servers are still configured via IFCONFIG.
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Detroit(CNN) Ben Carson, the soft-spoken, Yale-educated brain surgeon who has surged in the GOP presidential race, has written and spoken powerfully of divine intervention at several pivotal moments in his life.
At the core of his narrative of spiritual redemption are his acts of violence as an angry young man — stabbing, rock throwing, brick hurling and baseball bat beating — that preceded Carson's sudden transformation into the composed figure who stands before voters today.
In his 1990 autobiography, "Gifted Hands: The Ben Carson Story," Carson describes those acts as flowing from an uncontrollable "pathological temper." The violent episodes he has detailed in his book, in public statements and in interviews, include punching a classmate in the face with his hand wrapped around a lock, leaving a bloody three-inch gash in the boy's forehead; attempting to attack his own mother with a hammer following an argument over clothes; hurling a large rock at a boy, which broke the youth's glasses and smashed his nose; and, finally, thrusting a knife at the belly of his friend with such force that the blade snapped when it luckily struck a belt buckle covered by the boy's clothes.
Ben Carson attends the National Action Network (NAN) national convention at the Sheraton New York Times Square Hotel on April 8, 2015, in New York City.
Carson speaks during the 41st annual Conservative Political Action Conference (CPAC) at the Gaylord International Hotel and Conference Center on March 8, 2014, in National Harbor, Maryland.
Carson speaks to guests at the Iowa Freedom Summit on January 24, 2015, in Des Moines, Iowa.
Carson is surrounded by supporters as he waits to be interviewed at the annual Conservative Political Action Conference (CPAC) at National Harbor, Maryland, outside Washington on February 26, 2015.
Carson speaks at the South Carolina Tea Party Coalition convention on January 18, 2015, in Myrtle Beach, South Carolina. A variety of conservative presidential hopefuls spoke at the gathering on the second day of a three-day event.
Carson delivers the keynote address at the Wake Up America gala event on September 5, 2014, in Scottsdale, Arizona.
Carson speaks during the National Prayer Breakfast at the Washington Hilton on February 7, 2013, in Washington.
Honoree and director of pediatric neurosurgery at Johns Hopkins University, Carson poses with actor James Pickens Jr. at the Jackie Robinson Foundation Annual Awards Dinner on March 16, 2009, in New York City.
Before his jump into conservative politics, Carson was known for his work as a neurosurgeon. Carson was awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom by then-President George W. Bush on June 19, 2008. At that time, he was the director of pediatric surgery at Johns Hopkins Hospital in Baltimore, Maryland.
In a story that garnered international attention, Carson was ready to separate a pair of 10-year-old Indian girls, Saba and Farah Shakeel, who are joined at the head in New Delhi, India. Here, he addresses a press conference at the Indraprashtra Apollo Hospital on October 4, 2005.
Carson and a team of 20 specialists approved the procedure after studying the girls' brains; however, their parents were worried about their daughters' lives and did not give doctors permission to operate. The surgery did not happen.
Carson observes the start of neurosurgery proceedings at the Raffles Hospital in Singapore on July 6, 2003. Carson and Dr. Keith Goh, left, performed a complex operation that was unsuccessful to separate 29-year-old twins Ladan And Laleh Bijani, who were joined at the head.
All of the people interviewed expressed surprise about the incidents Carson has described. No one challenged the stories directly. Some of those interviewed expressed skepticism, but noted that they could not know what had happened behind closed doors.
Gerald Ware, a classmate at Southwestern High School said he was "shocked" to read about the violence in Carson's book.
"I don't know nothing about that," said Ware, who still lives in southwestern Detroit. "It would have been all over the whole school."
CNN was unable to independently confirm any of the incidents, which Carson said occurred when he was a juvenile.
Ben Carson is pictured third from the left.
Carson's campaign adviser and business manager, Armstrong Williams, declined repeated requests by CNN to provide details about the history of violence Carson has described, including the identities of his alleged victims and witnesses. CNN also asked the campaign for documentation of any disciplinary actions that resulted.
"Why would anyone cooperate with your obvious witch hunt?" Williams wrote in an email last Friday. "No comment and moving on...... Happy Halloween!!!!!"
CNN contacted the campaign once again Wednesday afternoon to share its findings and received the same response.
In a media availability during his book tour in Florida on Thursday after publication of CNN's piece, the network's Sunlen Serfaty asked Carson about the investigation and why CNN could not find anyone who could corroborate the story.
"I don't want to expose people without their knowledge, but remember, when I was 14, when the knifing episode occurred, that's when I changed, that's when most of the people I talked to began to know who I was, they didn't know me before then," Carson said.
CNN interviewed people for this report who knew Carson as early as elementary school.
Serfaty later reminded Carson that CNN spoke to elementary, junior high and high school classmates who knew him throughout his life and that none of them could recall violent incidents. Carson then responded that the only people who would know about the encounters were the people who were victims.
"Why would anybody know about, you know, private incidents like that?" Carson said. "I was generally a nice person. It's just that I had a very bad temper so unless you were the victim of that temper why would you know?"
Carson's improbable rise from an impoverished childhood in Detroit to become one of the top pediatric neurosurgeons in the nation has been a cornerstone of his appeal to voters of all political persuasions. In a December 2014 Gallup poll, he was ranked as the sixth-most admired man in America, behind President Barack Obama, Pope Francis, and former presidents Bill Clinton and George W. Bush.
Carson, a Seventh-day Adventist, has connected to evangelical voters in part by describing his own spiritual journey.
He said he has felt the hand of God at several key moments in his life, including a dramatic near-miss traffic accident and receiving an A-grade on a chemistry exam for which he felt badly unprepared.
The most lasting miracle, though, was his sudden transformation from an angry, violent young man into the composed figure who stands before voters today.
He writes in "Gifted Hands" that his religious epiphany took place in the bathroom of his family's tiny home in southwest Detroit, after he says he had tried to kill a young friend over a dispute about what music to listen to on the radio. It was the last in a string of violent acts that Carson says were spurred by a roiling anger that threatened to derail his dream of becoming a doctor.
Crying, and praying to God for deliverance, Carson found his answer when he picked up a Bible and opened it to the book of Proverbs and a passage on the importance of controlling one's temper.
Carson writes in his book that he spoke directly to God in that moment: "Lord, despite what all the experts tell me, You can change me. You can free me forever from this destructive personality trait."
When he left that bathroom, he told voters at the September Commonwealth Club event in San Francisco, "I was a different person."
In "Gifted Hands," Carson said friends who didn't know him as a kid "think I'm exaggerating when I say I had a bad temper."
"But it's no exaggeration," he wrote, before detailing two more "crazed experiences."
Carson, 64, has given vague and shifting accounts of the violent incidents over the years, most notably one involving his mother.
In his autobiography, he described attempting to hit her during an argument over clothes. He said his older brother, Curtis, intervened, wrestling him away and pinning his arms to his side. In a subsequent account of an argument with his mom over clothes he said he tried to attack her with a hammer when his brother disarmed him. Attempts to reach Curtis Carson were unsuccessful. Ben Carson has said on the campaign trail that his mother, Sonya Carson, is suffering from Alzheimer's disease.
At an event last Friday in Arkansas, Carson was asked about his shifting versions of the stabbing incident.
"The explanation is that that occurred over 50 years ago," Carson told reporters during the media availability. "Have you ever played that party game where you whisper into the person's ear and then they tell it, and by the time it gets all the way back around it's a different story? That's what we're talking about here."
The litany of violence Carson has admitted to, including potential assault with a deadly weapon and attempted murder, has been at the core of Carson's story of redemption and personal growth.
Rather than distance himself from his long-ago juvenile conduct, the candidate has continued to use the stories to define the depths from which he has emerged.
Friends and classmates interviewed by CNN in recent weeks, however, recalled Carson as quiet, bookish and nerdy.
"He got through his day trying not to be noticed," Robert Collier said. "I remember him having a pocket saver. He had thick glasses. He was skinny and unremarkable."
Brad Wilson remembered him as an obedient child who would not defy his mother's rule against crossing the street, even when she wasn't around to enforce it. He would not even cross the street to ride bikes alongside his friend, Wilson said. Instead the two would wheel around the block -- both on their own sides of the street.
Carson's polite, subdued demeanor continued in high school when he joined ROTC and ultimately became a commander of his unit, classmates said.
Ware, the classmate at Southwestern High, said Carson's writings about violent acts, the attempted stabbing in particular, were the subject of discussion among a group of classmates planning a reunion several years ago.
Nobody "knew anything about that happening," Ware said. "Take my word for it: Everyone at Southwestern would know about it if something like that happened."
A 10th person who knew Carson, junior high and high school classmate Jerry Dixon, initially said in an interview that he had no recollection of altercations or violent episodes involving Carson.
"He was a quiet, shy kid, not too outgoing," said Dixon, who played football and said he and Carson were in different circles.
"Bennie stayed home a lot or went to the library to work. We would have been at the ballfield, so maybe he would have come by to watch."
Dixon said he had never heard about incidents involving bricks or bats, or the assault with the lock. When asked directly whether he knew of Carson's claim that he had once stabbed a friend in the waist, Dixon said he had heard talk about an incident like that back in those days, but didn't know "if it was just a rumor or what" and couldn't provide any further detail.
The classmates interviewed by CNN were verified as having attended school with Carson through the yearbook for the 1969 class at Southwestern, as well as a 1969 graduation program that listed the names of the graduates. Most declined to discuss their political leanings, but expressed admiration for Carson. None said they had animus toward him.
Carson has identified the victim of the knife attack by the first name of Bob. He said the boy he hit with the lock in his hand was named Jerry. Responding to a request last week, the campaign declined to provide the last name of either boy.
When Carson was asked about Bob and Jerry on Thursday afternoon, he said that those names were "fictitious."
"I don't like to generally bring them in, the names I used for instance are fictitious names because I don't want to bring people into something like this because I know what you guys do to their lives," Carson told reporters in Ft. Lauderdale.
Carson does not provide a precise timeline for his acts of violence, but refers to two specific incidents that occurred in junior high school and high school.
He writes that the lock attack occurred in seventh grade and was preceded by Jerry taunting him for saying "one of the all-time stupid things of the year" in English class. An argument ensued, Jerry shoved him and "my temper flared," Carson wrote.
"I swung at him, lock in hand. The blow slammed into his forehead, and he groaned, staggering backward, blood seeping from a three-inch gash."
The encounter contrasts with other aspects of his seventh-grade life. That same year, Carson described himself as a top pupil who shied away from a fight when older white kids called him a racial slur and whacked him with a stick.
"I looked down at my feet, too scared to answer, too frightened to run," Carson wrote in his book.
He said the attempted stabbing of Bob -- a moment of "pathological anger" -- occurred in the ninth grade. That incident led to his prayerful session in the bathroom. Since that day, he wrote, he has "never had a problem with my temper."
The classmates and friends interviewed by CNN said they did not know the identity of Jerry or Bob. CNN attempted to contact students in Carson's class with those first names but was been unable to locate any Bob or Jerry who said they were the victim of such an attack.
Timothy E. McDaniel, Southwestern's class president in 1969, said he and Carson have been friends since junior high school and remain in touch to this day. McDaniel, an attorney, considered himself Carson's closest friend in those years. He said he never saw any evidence of the anger or violence Carson has described.
"I did not witness those things. I don't have, really, any independent knowledge of those things," McDaniel said in a recent interview.
He said the two first discussed the issue decades later — after Carson had written about it -- in a "really deep conversation" at Carson's home in Baltimore.
"I said, 'Ben, you hid it from us all those years,' and he said he was just too embarrassed to even talk about it," McDaniel recalled. "I was surprised at some of the things he said. But, you know, he said them honestly and I believed everything he told me."
In "Gifted Hands," Carson described himself as slow to anger, but wrote that once he reached his boiling point, "I lost all rational control."
"I had what I only can label a pathological temper — a disease — and this sickness controlled me, making me totally irrational."
"Totally without thinking, when my anger was aroused, I grabbed the nearest brick, rock, or stick to bash someone," he wrote. "It was as if I had no conscious will in the matter."
For part of that time, Carson lived on Deacon Street, in the same neighborhood as McDaniel.
McDaniel described the area as a close-knit community where "everyone knew everyone" and "everybody looked out for each other."
He said if parents saw a kid acting out, they would feel free to impose discipline even if the child wasn't their own.
"They would call your parents up and when you got home, you would get disciplined again," McDaniel recalled. "So that kept everybody from getting into really serious trouble."
It's not just classmates who were surprised to hear about Carson's account of his dark side.
Siblings Steve and Marie Choice, who lived next door to Carson when he was a teenager, were similarly baffled by his accounts of burning anger and violent outbursts.
Both said they found it difficult to reconcile with the polite, easygoing older boy next door who went to school in his ROTC uniform and often toted a musical instrument in its case.
Steve Choice said he found the account of Carson going after his mother with a hammer particularly difficult to fathom.
"That just seems out of character for him," Choice said, noting the respect that the Carson boys showed their mother, who was struggling to support the family. "That is just truly hard to believe — that he would do something like that."
"I just never seen him, you know, talk back to her or anything," Choice said.
In a campaign video on Carson's website, the candidate stands in front of a dilapidated and apparently abandoned house. Images of piled garbage and graffiti-scarred buildings roll past as the candidate speaks.
"I'm Dr. Ben Carson, and this is my story," he says. "Poverty and the mean streets of Detroit could have defined my life." He goes on to say how his mother's love and education allowed him to achieve his dream of becoming a doctor.
Carson does not identify the house in the video as his own.
The family left their Deacon Street home after his mother discovered that his father was a bigamist, and divorced him. The family bounced around -- initially moving in with Carson's aunt and uncle in a rat and roach-infested Boston tenement, according to his autobiography.
When he returned to Detroit at about age 10, Carson lived for several years in what he described as an "upper-lower-class neighborhood" near the city's Delray section, before returning to his former house on Deacon Street in eighth grade.
"It was a smoggy industrial area crisscrossed with train tracks, housing little sweatshops making auto parts," Carson wrote in "Gifted Hands."
The nearby Delray area today is blighted and abandoned -- representative of Detroit's urban decline. The images in the campaign video are consistent with the appearance of that area.
Those images, however, bear little resemblance to the house on Deacon Street — the neighborhood and home where Carson spent his early childhood years, and his time in Detroit from eighth grade until high school graduation.
That home, where he lived next door to Steve and Marie Choice, sits on a tree-lined block of well-kept, middle-class houses. They are homes to government employees and automotive industry workers, as they were when Carson was young, according to the Choices, who live in the same house they did when they and Carson were kids.
"This has always been, I would say, a pretty decent neighborhood — people working, kids playing," Steve Choice said in an interview on the block where his family and the Carson family lived. "We used to keep the doors unlocked. Doors would be open at night. You could just walk in. And you know it was pretty safe at that time."
Steve Choice remembered the Carsons getting a pool table for their basement and young Ben beaming as he hosted games with other neighborhood kids. Marie Choice recalled Carson's mom, Sonya, taking great pride in the flower garden she planted and tended in front of the house.
Beyond that tranquil, supportive environment at home, Carson did, however, grow up during a tremendously turbulent time in Detroit -- a period that would have presented many opportunities for confrontations for a young man with a hot temper.
The Detroit riots erupted in the summer of 1967 while Carson was in high school, and one classmate, Kevin Fobbs, who entered ROTC as a freshman when Carson was a senior commander, described their alma mater as a cauldron of racial and societal tensions.
ROTC members in uniform, Fobbs said, faced almost daily encounters with fellow students who sympathized with or were part of the Black Panther movement.
"I was pushed around a lot in high school in that first and second year," Fobbs said in an interview. He said he could not recall Carson ever being involved in any kind of physical confrontation.
Walking around school in their uniforms, Fobbs said he, Carson and the other ROTC members were a constant target, shoved around and called "Uncle Toms": "Basically they would cast aspersions on why you would turn against your own race in order to embrace 'baby-killers,' the military, and the white establishment itself."
But Fobbs said he never saw Carson lose his cool -- and said he never heard of any of the prior violent episodes Carson has described.
The ROTC circle was small and close-knit, Fobbs said. "As a school, it's big, it's a couple thousand kids, but we were a very small unit, so you would have heard about that within like half a day." At the same time, Fobbs acknowledged that Carson simply may not have wanted to talk about those explosive incidents with the younger cadets.
The Carson that he knew would calmly tell the younger ROTC members to ignore the insults hurled at them.
Carson has felt the hand of God at key moments throughout his life.
He felt it when he and his future wife, Candy, were spared from a car accident when he fell asleep while driving 90 MPH and narrowly missed careening into a ravine and moments later being struck by an 18-wheeler.
"God spared our lives because he wants us to do something," Carson said he told Candy at the time, according to an account in the Baltimore Sun.
Carson felt God's influence again at Yale when he went to bed feeling unprepared for a chemistry test he had to pass in order to continue his pre-med studies. A shadowy figure came to him in his dreams, he said, with most of the questions that would appear on the exam the following morning. He scored a 97.
"For whatever reason, the God of the universe, the God who holds galaxies in His hands, had seen a reason to reach down to a campus room on Planet Earth and send a dream to a discouraged ghetto kid who wanted to become a doctor," Carson would later write in "Gifted Hands."
Divine intervention has been a theme, not only in Carson's past, but also in his run for President.
Before he was nudged into the race by the Draft Carson movement, fueled in part by evangelicals who dominate the early state GOP contests, he said he planned a leisurely life of retirement with his wife.
"The Lord had a different plan," he told his San Francisco audience in September. "I just said, 'Lord this is not something that I particularly wish to do, but if you really want me to do it you'll have to open the doors," he said, adding that he was speaking of the difficulty of putting together a national organization and the millions of dollars needed to win.
"And if you open the doors I'll walk through them," Carson said, recounting his conversation with God. "And if you close the doors, I'll gladly sit down."
"He keeps opening the doors."
Ramirez, Tal Kopan and Lindsey Knight contributed to this report.
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0.999711 |
A solar cell is a device that converts the energy of sunlight directly into electricity by the photovoltaic effect. The term solar cell is reserved for devices designed specifically to capture energy from sunlight while the term photovoltaic cell is used when the light source is unspecified. Assemblies of cells are used to make solar modules, also known as solar panels. The energy generated this from solar modules, referred to as solar power, is an example of solar energy. Photovoltaics is the field of technology and research related to the practical application of photovoltaic cells in producing electricity from light, though it is often used specifically to refer to the generation of electricity from sunlight.
Solar cells are often electrically connected and encapsulated as a module. Photovoltaic modules often have a sheet of glass on the front (sun up) side, allowing light to pass while protecting the semiconductor wafers from the elements (rain, hail, etc.). Solar cells are also usually connected in series in modules, creating an additive voltage. Connecting cells in parallel will yield a higher current. Modules are then interconnected, in series or parallel, or both, to create an array with the desired peak DC voltage and current.
The power output of a solar array is measured in watts or kilowatts. In order to calculate the typical energy needs of the application, a measurement in watt-hours, kilowatt-hours or kilowatt-hours per day is often used. A common rule of thumb is that average power is equal to 20% of peak power, so that each peak kilowatt of solar array output power corresponds to energy production of 4.8 kWh per day (24 hours x 1 kW x 20% = 4.8 kWh).
In the case of the original Grätzel design, the cell has 3 primary parts. On top is a transparent anode made of fluoride-doped tin dioxide (SnO2:F) deposited on the back of a (typically glass) plate. On the back of this conductive plate is a thin layer of titanium dioxide (TiO2), which forms into a highly porous structure with an extremely high surface area. TiO2 only absorbs a small fraction of the solar photons (those in the UV). The plate is then immersed in a mixture of a photosensitive ruthenium-polypyridine dye (also called molecular sensitizers) and a solvent. After soaking the film in the dye solution, a thin layer of the dye is left covalently bonded to the surface of the TiO2.
A separate plate is then made with a thin layer of the iodide electrolyte spread over a conductive sheet, typically platinum metal. The two plates are then joined and sealed together to prevent the electrolyte from leaking. The construction is simple enough that there are hobby kits available to hand-construct them. Although they use a number of "advanced" materials, these are inexpensive compared to the silicon needed for normal cells because they require no expensive manufacturing steps. TiO2, for instance, is already widely used as a paint base.
Grätzel’s cell is composed of a porous layer of titanium dioxide nano-particles, covered with a molecular dye that absorbs sunlight, like the chlorophyll in green leaves. The titanium dioxide is immersed under an electrolyte solution, above which is a platinum-based catalyst. As in a conventional alkaline battery, an anode (the titanium dioxide) and a cathode (the platinum) are placed on either side of a liquid conductor (the electrolyte).
Sunlight passes through the transparent electrode into the dye layer where it can excite electrons that then flow into the titanium dioxide. The electrons flow toward the transparent electrode where they are collected for powering a load. After flowing through the external circuit, they are re-introduced into the cell on a metal electrode on the back, flowing into the electrolyte. The electrolyte then transports the electrons back to the dye molecules.
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0.944774 |
Would you recommend Yodel for iOS to a friend?
Yodel is a great product. It replaced a much more expensive solution for us but is more flexible and reliable.
The Slack integraiton has sometimes annoyed me, having to go there to start a call for example, but with the iOS app this is being fixed.
We use Yodel as the customer support hotline for CrankWheel and it is an excellent solution for that.
Jói Sigurdsson has used this product for one year.
@__tosh thanks for hunting us!
Hi beloved Product Hunt community! It’s great to be back and sharing our latest update at Yodel.io with the community: the Yodel iOS app!! We are super excited since all of our users now have the option to use Yodel from their pocket. The app is supporting CallKit so you can have your phone ring when someone calls your business line. Do business no matter where you’re at. For the people who don’t know Yodel yet, here a short summary: Yodel.io is a business phone solution that is tightly integrated into your favorite tools (Slack, MS Teams and a lot more via Zapier) and helps you to manage your business calls. With speech analysis, we are able to automate calls and only route the most important ones to you and your team. Get a phone number in over 100 countries and try it out. Since we love the Product Hunt community, we give out a special discount of an extended 30 day trial and 30% off for the following 3 months.
@mikeseeh Brilliant stuff, good to see the tech out on IOS - separation of home and business calling is ace for enterprise users on the go!
Great job!! 😊 Very useful for businesses!! Would like this expandIng to other apps !!
Hey @mikeseeh and all the Yodel people! First of all congrats on the launch 😉 Could you guide me through in a few sentences on what does the app do in addition to the Slack integration? How do the 2 products work together? Thanks!
… and if you are no Slack user you can finally start using Yodel as a stand alone product without any 3rd party integration!
@mikeseeh Makes total sense! So anyone can have a Google Duplex-style assistant, without needing the latest Google Pixel, and for business, am I right?
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0.980403 |
What is the Smart Filter feature on my Camera?
What is the Smart Filter feature on my Camera ?
2. Vignetting: Darkens edges giving it a retro look.
3. Miniature: Blurs the top and bottom, tilt shift effect.
4. Colored Pencil: Apply a colored pencil painting effect.
5. Water Color: Apply a watercolor painting effect.
6. Wash Drawing: Apply a washed-out effect.
7. Oil Sketch: Apply an oil sketching effect.
8. Ink Sketch: Apply an ink sketching effect.
9. Acryl: Apply an acryl painting effect.
10. Negative: Apply a negative film effect.
11. Red: Desaturate all colors but red.
12. Green: Desaturate all colors but green.
13. Blue: Desaturate all colors but blue.
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0.999282 |
Where can you get solar keratosis?
Who can get solar keratosis?
Solar keratosis, also known as actinic keratosis, is a skin condition linked to sun damage. Solar keratosis is characterised by rough, scaly patches of skin in sun-exposed areas. These patches can vary greatly in colour and size and may also be accompanied by skin redness or have a yellowish "crust". Solar keratosis is very common and generally harmless/benign. In some cases it will clear up itself without any treatment, however, in a few cases it can "progress" and could lead to the development of skin cancer.
Solar keratosis is a sign of skin that has been damaged by the sun. As we age our skin's ability to repair itself diminishes and, as such, we are more likely to develop conditions like solar keratosis when our skin is overly exposed to harmful UV rays.
Because solar keratosis is directly linked to sun damage it is most commonly found on areas that are most exposed to the sun such as the backs of the hands, the face, neck, ears and scalp.
Solar keratosis is most common in people over the age of 50. Those who work outdoors or who have had more exposure to the sun can develop them at an earlier age.
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0.935314 |
In physics, a quantum (plural: quanta) is the minimum amount of any physical entity involved in an interaction. Behind this, one finds the fundamental notion that a physical property may be "quantized," referred to as "the hypothesis of quantization". This means that the magnitude can take on only certain discrete values.
A photon is a single quantum of (visible) light as well as all other forms of electromagnetic radiation and can be referred to as a "light quantum". The energy of an electron bound to an atom is quantized, which results in the stability of atoms, and hence of matter in general.
As incorporated into the theory of quantum mechanics, this is regarded by physicists as part of the fundamental framework for understanding and describing nature.
The word "quantum" comes from the Latin "quantus", meaning "how much". "Quanta", short for "quanta of electricity" (electrons) was used in a 1902 article on the photoelectric effect by Philipp Lenard, who credited Hermann von Helmholtz for using the word in the area of electricity. However, the word quantum in general was well known before 1900. It was often used by physicians, such as in the term quantum satis. Both Helmholtz and Julius von Mayer were physicians as well as physicists. Helmholtz used "quantum" with reference to heat in his article on Mayer's work, and indeed, the word "quantum" can be found in the formulation of the first law of thermodynamics by Mayer in his letter dated July 24, 1841. Max Planck used "quanta" to mean "quanta of matter and electricity", gas, and heat. In 1905, in response to Planck's work and the experimental work of Lenard (who explained his results by using the term "quanta of electricity"), Albert Einstein suggested that radiation existed in spatially localized packets which he called "quanta of light" ("Lichtquanta").
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0.999997 |
I'm excited! How dorky am I, wondering if it would be better to come earlier or later for optimal chance to talk to you? Pretty dorky.
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0.999999 |
Habt Ihr auch aus Versehen jemanden mit seinem Spitznamen angeredet, weil Euch sein richtiger Name nicht eingefallen ist?
Denn mein lieber Mann war in dieser Woche auf einer Messe, als ihn jemand freudig begrüßte. Mein Mann sah überrascht auf und erblickte meinen netten, früheren Chef zusammen mit zwei weiteren Herren.
Mein Mann war auch mit einem der anderen Herren bekannt, allerdings fiel meinem Mann, so sehr er in seinem Gedächtnis auch forschte, nur der Spitznamen dieses Herrn ein. Denn da die Augen dieses Herrn ganz intensiv leuchten, hatte ich, wenn ich von ihm gesprochen hatte, diesen meist nur „Augenleuchten“ genannt.
Zumindest erinnerte sich mein Mann auf Anhieb an den Namen meines früheren Chefs, daher erwiderte er den Gruß freundlich, nannte meinen früheren Chef beim Namen und begann mit allen ein längeres Gespräch.
Allerdings stellte dieses Gespräch für Mann eine ziemliche Herausforderung dar, denn er musste sich ständig kontrollieren, den Herrn, von dem ihm der richtige Name einfach nicht einfallen wollte, nicht versehentlich „Herr Augenleuchten“ zu nennen.
Deswegen war mein Mann eher ziemlich froh, als die Herren den Messestand wieder verließen, auch wenn er sich über die Begegnung wirklich gefreut hatte, aber es war während des Gesprächs eine große Herausforderung für meinen Mann gewesen, die Verwendung des Spitznamens zu vermeiden.
Und als mein Mann mir daheim von diesem Treffen erzählte, gab er mir außerdem die dringende Maßgabe, künftig nur noch richtige Namen und keinesfalls irgendwelche Spitznamen zu verwenden. Ich versprach dies zerknirscht, denn auch ich bin der Meinung, dass es jedem Menschen zusteht, nicht nur mit seinem richtigen Namen angesprochen zu werden, sondern dass jeder darüber hinaus auch Respekt in dieser Hinsicht verdient.
Habt Ihr einen Spitznamen? Gebt Ihr Euren Mitmenschen Spitznamen, ohne dass diese davon wissen? Worauf müsst Ihr aufpassen?
Ich wünsche Euch allen von Herzen einen wunderbaren Sonntag!
Did you also accidentally address someone with his nickname because you forgot his real name?
Namely, my lovely husband was this week at a trade show, as someone was greeting him. My husband looked up in surprise and saw my nice former boss and two other gentlemen.
My husband was also acquainted with one of the other men, but unfortunately although he searched in his memory my husband remembered only the nickname of this gentleman. As the eyes of this gentleman light up quite intensively I had in the past when I had spoken of this gentleman usually called him just "Eye lights".
At least my husband reminded immediately the name of my former boss, so he returned the greeting friendly, called my former boss by name, and began a long conversation with all.
However, this conversation was for my husband a really challenge, as he constantly had to avoid to address the gentleman of whom my husband has forgotten the name with "Mr. Eye lights".
That's why my husband was rather pretty glad when the gentlemen said goodbye, even if he was happy about the encounter, because it had been a great challenge for my husband during the conversation to avoid the use of the nickname of the other gentleman.
And when my husband told me at home from this meeting, he also gave me the urgent advice to use in the future only correct and really names and not any nicknames. I promised this contrite, because I am also of the opinion that every person deserves not only addressed by his real name but also deserves respect in this regard.
Do you have a nickname? Give you your fellow men nicknames without letting them know about it? In which respect do you have to pay attention?
Fabulous outfit! I really like that blazer :) And I don't think I've ever had an experience like that lol. What a funny and yet awkward situation to be in. LOL! I don't know what I would have done.
that funny nickname! I like the jacket you're wearing today Rena, you have good weekend!
Ahaha you are right, sometimes we might risk calling people by their nicknames, maybe not the most flattering!! I mainly use cuddly nicknames for my family members, and I use them in public, causing some embarrassment to them :-) you look lovely today Rena, hope you enjoy a sunny Sunday!
Cuddly nicknames are also a sign of love isn’t it, my dear friend? Thanks for your feedback, my Sunday was great and sunny so far, I hope, your Sunday, too!
gorgeous outfit my dear! I love those pants!
How lovely that you name you both with the same nickname!
OMG, your husband and mr. Eye lights must be in such ockeatd situation..
die ganze Zeit hab ich mich gefragt, was das rote Gerät im Hintergrund für ein Teil ist. Auf ein landwirtschaftliches hab ich getippt. Auf einen Skilift wäre ich nicht gekommen. Aber klar doch, Ihr habt ja Berge.
Nein, für Dein Outfit fällt mir kein Spitzname ein, nur dass es mir wieder von Kopf bis Fuß gefällt. Der Pulli hat eine ganz fantastische Farbe, die Hose den perfekten Schnitt.
Ich freue mich, dass Dir mein Outfit gleich so gut gefällt und bin auch beruhigt, dass es Dich nicht zu einem Spitznamen verleitet!
Also diesen Spitznamen finde ich gar nicht so schlimme, im Gegenteil ich finde ihn positiv.
new look on my blog with dress made by me!
Haha! Such a lovely story, Rena. Well, I honestly forge names very easily. People in my college come up to me to ask me about things and I can't remember their names. I feel embarassed when I am to ask them again!
Thanks for reading, dear Selina! And we have this really in common that we forget names very easily … I know this embarrassed feeling so well!
You look gorgeous! I love the outfit. The background is so beautiful too, I love the countryside. Thank you for stopping by. Of course I will follow you, on GFC and Bloglovin.
What a wonderful landscape Rena!
Was für eine grandiose Hose <3 Und die Farbe des Oberteils dazu ist der Wahnsinn. TOP, wie immer.
Ich vergesse niemals ein Gesicht, doch dafür hapert es bei mir bei den Namen. Deshalb gebe auch ich insgeheim immer Spitznamen und hoffe, dass sie mir niemals rausrutschen. Denn Du hast vollkommen recht, jeder verdient den Respekt, mit seinem richtigen Namen angeredet zu werden.
Hi Rena! Interesting story. Among my friends back at school we always call each other by nicknames; I don't know whether that's good or not. On one side we became close to each other without formality, on the other side the nickname could be rude sometimes! Anyway I think nicknames are fine as long as the person is okay with it.
Hi Fenny! Thanks for reading and I think at school it is normal to call each other by nicknames :) And I agree nicknames are fine as long as the person is okay with it.
Thanks for following! Sure I will follow you back.
Hi Rena!! I love your pants! Great look!
Was? Ihr habt einen Skilift. Cool. Wird wohl heuer aber eher selten in betrieb gewesen sein, oder?
Ja. Spitznamen. Benutze ich schon, aber nur solche, die die Leute auch kennen. Man nennt mich auch schon ewig Sunny, obwohl ich nicht so heiße.
Interessant Dich mal in so einem rostigen Orange zu sehen. Steht Dir aber gut.
Und ich finde mich selber sehr ungewöhnlich in diesem rostigen Orange (gut hingeschaut!) Daher freue ich mich besonders, dass Du findest, es steht mir gut.
Ja ich kenn das auch! Benenne meine Freunde meist auch immer mit Spitznamen.
Hi dear Jess, many thanks <3 I don’t know how I deserve this, you are really kind!
Cool outfit! I absolutely love our trousers, they look fab with your bright top and stilettos.
My husband's best friend is called Elvis! :-) Everybody calls him this, including his wife. His real name is Paul but in twenty years of knowing him we always call him Elv or Elvis.
Nice outfit and it must have been an awkward situation!
Great outfit.=) I do give people nicknames. Me and my husband had a nickname for my former boss and sometime I must have told it to my colleagues cause they now call him that and he wonders where the name comes from.
Thank you =) And the nickname you and your husband found for your former boos is obviously really good!
Visit my blog-comment-follow and I give back evreything!
Love this look! The orange top looks great with the striped blazer!
That happens to my husband all the time I am usually really good at remembering names. Love your casual outfit.
Oje liebe Rena, daskann fatale Folgen haben. Es gibt in Kollegenkreisen natürlich Spitznamen, aber ich kenne Gott sei Dank auch die richtigen Namen. Trotzdem muss man ganz schönaufpassen, damit man die Person auch mit dem richtigen Namen anredet. Ich hoffe, du hattest einen schönen Sonntag. Dein Outfit strahlt jedenfalls mit der Sonne um die Wette.
Ohhhh, that happens usually to my husband!!!
Amazing look Rena, I love orange and the striped blazer is very cool!!!!
Hi dear Rena!!! I am sorry for not being able recently to catch up with your posts, but I hope I am now :) firstly I would like to say that you always look very well dressed with great taste, I liked your orange color infusion and the black pants especially, very trendy and super chic!!!!
Haha I have totally had moments like your husband - I've forgotten the name of a Congressional staffer that I used to work closely with. I saw them recently at a restaurant and just resorted to avoiding addressing them directly (luckily it was a short conversation).
So you know obviously really how my husband felt :) Wish you that in future such situations will never happen again to you!
Thanks for your feedback regarding my pants, I had the urgent desire to own such pants and now I’m happy to have them!
Deine Hose.... ein muss-ich-auch-haben-Teil;) Wieder ein richtig geniales Outfit, was du da präsentierst. Ich wünsche dir einen wunderbaren Start in die neue Woche.
One of your trendiest looks...stripes and leather are a must these days!
orange and black are such a perfect combination!
Thanks for asking and popping in here every now and then :) Yes it has a reason why I wear mostly the sunglasses: I tend to blink during the photo shootings and due to less of time I have mostly only a few photos per outfit. And as I don’t want to post pictures where I my eyes are closed I prefer to wear sunglasses :) But I love the idea of a trademark - thanks for the input!
Love how you combined everything together!
der Hauch von Orange ist wirklich toll, ich liebe auch die Hosen.
It's funny that nicknames stick in your mind easier than a person's real name!! Love your striped blazer!
Maybe sometimes a nickname fits better to the person than the real name :) Thank you!
Lovely background for your pics. Love the blazer and the necklace!
Omg! I want your stripped blazers and pants, you rock.
Great look! Love the orange top!
I absolutely ADORE your Prada handbag! I have wanted the Saffiano for so long now, I might just bite the bullet and buy it this Summer?! Fabulous post!!
That's a funny story :) Love the pop of color.
Oh dear, that must have been awkward situation for your husband. I try my best to call people with their real names.
Fortunately my husband was able to manage the situation :) And you do it right to call people with their real names - I should do this, too!
"Gebt Ihr Euren Mitmenschen Spitznamen, ohne dass diese davon wissen?" - nein.
"Worauf müsst Ihr aufpassen?" - in welcher Beziehung?
1. Ja, Jennifer ist wirklich zu schön, als dass man es abkürzen sollte.
3. Das stimmt, zum Glück ging bisher immer alles gut dabei.
" - schon gesehen - dankeschön!
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What activities do you recommend to support speech and language development for a young child with Down syndrome?
Learning to talk is a challenge for most children with Down syndrome. Many children will benefit from regular support targeted at their specific speech and language needs. This should include activities to promote speech skills and activities to explicitly teach vocabulary and grammar. Activities supporting the earliest speech skills can start from around 6 months.
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0.999433 |
The candidate of the Peoples Democratic Party, Atiku Abubakar, has won the presidential election in Plateau State.
According to the state collation officer, Anande Richard, a professor, Abubakar polled 548,665 to defeat Muhammadu Buhari who scored 468,555 in the 17 LGAs of the state.
The difference between the two candidates is 80,110 votes.
Buhari has never won in Plateau.
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0.95021 |
What will happen to my health insurance and retirement plans if my employer files for bankruptcy?
If the company files for Chapter 11 bankruptcy protection, it could end up restructuring, and your benefits may not be affected. But the employer is likely to cut back on some of your benefits even if it continues to operate.
On the other hand, if the company files for Chapter 7 bankruptcy and shuts down, its benefits plans will be terminated. But several laws protect the benefits you've already accrued and can help you find health coverage.
Your 401(k) plan. Assets must be held in a separate trust that the employer -- or its creditors -- can't touch, regardless of the employer's financial situation. If your employer files for Chapter 11 bankruptcy, it could continue to administer its 401(k) plan, but it may discontinue matching contributions. However, there's nothing to protect you from any loss in value of the investments -- which can be a big problem if you have a lot of company stock. That's why it's important not to invest all of your 401(k) money into company stock.
If the company shuts down, the 401(k) plan will be terminated and the assets will be distributed to the participants. Then you can roll over the money into an IRA.
If you have problems accessing your money, contact the U.S. Department of Labor's Employee Benefits Security Administration (866-444-3272; www.dol.gov/ebsa).
Your pension plan. When an employer files for Chapter 11 bankruptcy, the bankruptcy court decides whether the company can continue to cover its pension obligations.
If the court decides that the company cannot pay the obligations, or if the company shuts down, then the pension plan will be terminated. The Pension Benefit Guaranty Corporation guarantees the benefits up to $51,000 per person in 2008 (for people retiring at age 65; the guarantee is lower or higher for people retiring earlier or later). Contact the Pension Rights Center if you are having trouble receiving your pension.
Your health insurance. You may continue to get coverage if your employer filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy. If you lose your job but your employer is still offering health insurance to its employees, you can continue coverage in the group plan through COBRA for up to 18 months. Retirees can continue coverage through COBRA, too, if the employer stops offering coverage to them but continues offering it to current employees. You'll pay more under COBRA than what you paid for health insurance through your employer, so you might be able to find a better deal on your own if you're healthy. Check prices at eHealthInsurance.com, or find an agent to help through the National Association of Health Underwriters.
If the employer discontinues its health-insurance coverage, then you won't be able to get COBRA coverage. Instead, you may be able to sign up for your spouse's health-insurance plan even if it's not yet open-enrollment season (as long as you sign up within 30 days of losing your coverage).
If you can't get other coverage, then you may have the right to convert to an individual plan without preexisting-condition exclusions. The policy continuation rules vary by state; contact your state insurance department for details (go to the insurance page of Kiplinger.com for links).
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What are the ingredients for a successful app?
Things have changed over the past few years. When Apple first launched its App Store and the iOS SDK (the tools for developers to create apps) in 2008 (a year after the first iPhone was launched), almost every single app released was a success as there was only 10,000 apps on the App Store back in November 2008. Early iPhone adopters were craving for all sorts of new apps allowing them to discover and maximise the capacities of this mini-computers they were suddenly carrying in their pocket and which had just replaced their old candy bar Nokia phones. Fast forward 7 years and not only can you now find more than 1.5 million apps on the App Store but users have higher expectations, they’re highly educated with regards to the smartphone and the apps they have become dependent on.
There is no more space for the useless quick and dirty apps we once downloaded. With the exception of Games, a successful app must now address an existing need and/or solve an existing pain in a better way than traditional services and existing apps do. It must also feature a dead simple user experience (UX) packed in a sleek and beautiful user interface (UI). Finally, it must incorporate some viral mechanisms to encourage existing users to share and recruit new ones as well as some addictive hooks to retain existing users by making sure they keep coming back to your app. The average retention rates after 1 and 7 days are 40% and 20% respectively, meaning that 60% of the people who downloaded your app will stop using it after one day only!
Finally, one should note that in order to reach a global audience, app developers will in most cases need to develop and publish their app on at least the two major leading platforms: Apple iOS (iPhones and other iDevices) and Google Android (Samsung, HTC, Xiaomi, Sony, etc…).
Paid applications which require you to pay $0.99 or more in order to download them are however less and less common as users now expect apps to be free or to at least start using them for free.
Free applications can therefore be monetised through advertising, generally by placing small ad banners at the top or bottom of the page, or by showing full page interstitials in between two screens. A new format called “Native ads” is becoming popular as it allows apps developers to integrate their ads within their design in a much less intrusive manner. Think of the ads you see in your Facebook feed or in between two articles on some news app.
Finally, the Freemium or “Free to Play” model allows users to download an app and start using it for free with the option to buy additional content or unlock premium features directly within the app (in-app purchases) at a later stage (once they’ve become addicted or dependent on it).
Developers may of course decide to mix the last two models by offering, for example, an optional paid upgrade within the app to remove ads.
With more than 1.5 million apps on the Apple App Store as well as on the Google Play Store (for Android devices), not only must an app be simple, sleek, viral and addictive, but developers must also invest time and resources ensuring the visibility of their app(s) on the main two stores by working on the metadata of the app: the app icon, the app title, the screenshots, the keywords, the app description. It is critical to test and measure various options at this stage to slowly reach the set of screenshots or the title which will help you get found and downloaded.
Localising the app of course, but also the metadata (information shown on the App Store such as title, screenshots, etc…) can help making sure your app will be visible in different markets.
But once again, there is no magic and the quality of the app itself, through the ratings, reviews and rankings, is probably the best guaranty to stand out in this crowded jungle of 1.5 million apps.
Bitsmedia is also supporting other entrepreneurs through early-stage investments and mentoring, can you share a few words about that?
Over the past 2-3 years, Bitsmedia started re-investing some of the profits gained on our very own apps into other technology startups. We started with a local game development studio called Magma Studios, followed by Followatch, a French startup building an EPG platform (Electronic Program Guide) to help television broadcasters optimise their programming and advertising revenues through sentiment analysis on social media. Finally, we recently invested in Krak, a company based between Los Angeles and Berlin which is trying to disrupt the world of skateboarders through connected devices and mobile applications.
What are the next plans for Bitsmedia?
I started Bitsmedia 7 years ago as a service company developing mobile applications for corporate clients and quickly evolved towards the exclusive development and publishing of our own products as soon as our Muslim Pro application became popular in 2010-2011. After focusing on Muslim Pro for the past 5 years and reaching 25 million downloads, we are now very excited to have recently started working on a brand new application which will soon be helping parents find the best private tuition teachers. The best way to describe it at this stage is a “Uber for Private Classes” and it should be coming to your mobile phone very soon.
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One of the more interesting philosophical arguments Plato and his School were involved in was whether a newborn child was conscious of certain things at birth, whether it had intelligence or even knowledge. For some the idea that a child could know nothing of the world it had been born into was inconceivable: they believed that the soul was immortal, and each newborn child was the reincarnation of a previous person or being, and brought the complete knowledge of that life, and all previous lives, with it into the new one. They explained the fact that this knowledge cannot be discovered in children by claiming that it was forgotten at the moment of birth: it is still there in the child, but buried so deep as to be useless and irretrievable. There were others who argued that a newborn child brought nothing into the world, it was innocent of all crimes and bad thoughts, but also free from bias, prejudice and, more especially, any form of worldly knowledge. Each birth was a completely new start for a new life form.
If we take this as our starting point, we are faced with two possibilities: a child is born with a form of innate knowledge of life and the world and grows, or evolves, into an adult with this knowledge in them; a child is born as a clean slate with nothing of this world in them, and is formed by its surroundings, those people close to it and the education it receives. Equate this with your recent thoughts on thinking and instinct.
My own personal view is that a child is born with nothing more than an instinct to survive. It knows nothing of its surroundings, other than what is immediately in front of it, as most children are born effectively blind and their eyesight develops over the first few weeks of their lives. This desire to survive is the strongest need within them, and makes some almost insufferable with their demands for food and attention. As they grow and develop, each child learns how far it can go with other people, and builds either a strong or a weak character, either overbearing and demanding, or timid and withdrawing. And, of course, everything in between. Everyone is an individual, and their upbringing, the environment in which they grow, is as individual as they are, so with the influences which go to make their character. It is this upbringing which decides how a person is likely to react in the future, whether they will be overly friendly, or exceptionally introvert: how they have been treated by other people how they have reacted to that treatment will make the difference.
[…] we are more corrupted by instinct or thought.
Is it possible for a person to corrupt themselves? It can be said, and I believe that this is also correct, that we are alone responsible for our actions: we make the decision of the direction we wish to take, whether it be one accepted by society and our fellow man or not. We allow ourselves to be tempted, to be convinced by other people or a perceived course of events, by extremes or necessity but, in the end, we make our own decision for or against a certain action. We don’t make this decision without external influence at any time: our entire lives are made up of examples from other people who we either know or have come across by reading the news, scrolling through social media, or even word of mouth. One of the new methods of defence used in courts of law today is that a young person had a broken childhood or, even worse as far as I am concerned, is missing all empathy or knowledge of what is right and what is wrong because their parents were so rich, they had no need of a social conscience. Both of these are aspects of external influence: the people involved have been educated by their parents, by the educational system, by those in their social circles to behave, to think in such a manner. They have become corrupt, but have not corrupted themselves.
Thinking is, as you say, a double-edged sword. On the one side we have all that we have learned – good and bad – throughout our lives which has been character building. We have all the experiences of our lives, those times when we have won, those when we have lost. We know – at least, most of us do – what is right and what is wrong both on a social and on a moral level. On the other hand, we have this strange belief that, as an individual, we are better than everyone else. Where all those other people have failed, we will succeed. We believe that we can think through every single eventuality, and beat whoever is set against us without even knowing who they are, what abilities or experiences they have. I suppose that, in a manner of speaking, you could call this the corruption of self, in that we rate our abilities far higher than they truly are, and downgrade the abilities of everyone else, regardless of whether those others have more experience, a higher intelligence level or are simply better at what they do than other people.
There is also the possibility that, through thinking, we reach a different conclusion, and I am sure that this is the case for many people. We appreciate that our own abilities have their limits, and, whilst prepared to test those limits, also appreciate that they can only be expanded to a certain extent. The possibility of something – or someone – from outside our immediate environment providing the ultimate obstacle to our success, to the expanding or pushing out of our limits, remains, but is not always taken into consideration.
That there are different groupings of people within the prison system, predominantly along ethnic lines, is something Hollywood has been playing up for many, many years: it is seen not as a means of ensuring safety or of creating some form of acceptable social order, but as a means of intimidation or power mongering. It is presented as unique to the prison system and as a threat; but that, of course, is merely one of the devices Hollywood uses to up the appeal of their products, to ensure that a certain level of excitement is achieved without any real effort. That people should move towards their own kind, or what is considered their own, does make a certain amount of sense, and does not necessarily have anything to do with power-broking or gangs. For many there is a better level of understanding, through similar ethnic roots if nothing else, and also historical precedent. Immigrants to many countries have tended to gravitate to certain areas where they know that others are living, where they know that their own traditional customs and beliefs will be more than just tolerated. This was most certainly the case in the England of my youth, where certain parts of London, Birmingham, Manchester and other major cities were known to be populated by immigrants, or the children and grandchildren of immigrants, from certain areas. We had small enclaves of Pakistani families, of Indians, of families who had fled the regime in Uganda. But we also had, as do many other countries, areas defined by income and social status.
I see it here in Germany to a far lesser extent, but that is thanks to the integration policies of successive governments: those seeking political or economic asylum tend to be sent out to different areas of the country where they are looked after by Germans rather than, initially, people from their own countries. After a while, though, they all pick up contacts and make friends within their own, but not to the extent of forming enclaves, ghettos or setting up areas which are recognised as being Asian, Indian, Arabic or Turkish. Integration is achieved through removing them from what they have previously known, and confronting them with this new society so that they are forced to learn the language, and many of the customs and habits, as quickly as possible. They cannot rely on the good offices of other people in their ethnic community to cover for them, to translate, to do all the official and government work for them.
Whether they would have done this of their own free will and accord is another matter entirely. You have seen a marvellous opportunity to play basketball, to jump over the ethnic lines, which has nothing to do with integration, with joining one specific group or another, but everything to do with social pleasure. Sport, in the style of the original Olympics, should be an area where all can meet on the same level playing field and partake without fear, without prejudice, without a second thought but for the pleasures of the sport itself. And it also shows that there are other ways of getting on with people than by gaining their respect through violence. As you say, there is no end to violence once it has begun: each new generation, each new member will feel the necessity of rescuing the honour of the previous generation, or the obligation of proving themselves by one means or another to gain acceptance. It is similar to the Honour Killings which span generations: one of your ancestors killed one of mine, and now it is my turn to kill one of yours. Once begun, it is almost impossible to end, and the only way out is to remove oneself from the area of danger which, as you appreciate, often places you in a completely different situation, one with its own dangers but without the knowledge that there are those who will stand with you in times of need.
In your situation I suspect it is almost impossible to walk alone, to be a hermit or someone who remains outside of the politics of race, religion, groupings. I have the advantage that I can literally close my front door and leave the rest of the world outside, that I have no need to meet up with and join those of similar ethnic origin to myself. Of course, I must admit that much of this is thanks to the advances made in modern technology, where I can be constantly in touch with those who speak the same language and have the same history as I do, no matter where I am should I so desire. There is, though, no strong group of English-speaking people here; a few who were born and bred in English-speaking countries, but no more than that. I cannot say that I miss the umbrella if having other people of similar origins around me, the difference here being that there is no need. In certain situations, as you appreciate better than most, such a level of protection – or whatever you may wish to call it – is a good thing and helps to keep the status quo as much as anything. But there will always be outbreaks, people who split with the accepted, or those who believe that they can just do whatever they wish because their group is better organised, larger or more ‘respected’ than any other, and they force the generally peaceful social order back into danger.
As writers – and I include poets, novelists and letter writers as we all create through the written word – we should be able to be both a part of a group and stand on its outer rim to look in and outwards. We need to be able to assess and not just accept, otherwise our writing becomes bland and merely a reiteration of everything that has been said before, it becomes group-speak and worthless. As writers we wish to speak to those we have never met, can often only imagine, and inspire them. We want to try and get some form of reaction, even when we do not get to see it. We want to be able to sneak into their lives and be a part of them in one way or another, even if only for a few moments of time. If we cannot write from the outside looking in, what are we going to be able to say? We become Yes Men. We become a part of the mass which follows, which flows along without an individual thought, without inspiration, without any factor which makes us stand apart. And what would our writing be if we were exactly the same as everyone else and only had experience within this one, closed group?
[…] off the court, I’m imprisoned both physically and mentally.
I’m afraid that I tend to disagree with you to a certain extent. I am sure that there are many people around you who are both physically and mentally imprisoned, but I suspect that you are not one of them, and I believe you should not see yourself as one of them. Being imprisoned mentally is the final act before destruction, as far as I am concerned: it s a sign that you have given up and are not prepared to think any more; that you will not allow your imagination freedom t flow wherever it will, to embrace whatever it finds there. You also have the ability, through your basketball games, to remove the shackles of the daily routine and, effectively, escape – at least within your mind – the imprisonment of your body. It may not seem much, but on the basketball court you have the freedom of movement your soul desires as well as the ability to make decisions which have an outcome, which bind you with others in a complete and flowing action. You are physically behind bars, but your mind, your thoughts, can fly wherever they will without any form of hindrance.
Some of the finest writers of past generations wrote under extreme adversity. They were banned, assaulted, expelled. Their works were burned or placed on a censorship list. And yet, despite this adversity, despite being hounded by authority – political or religious – they wrote and reached their audience, some from their homes, having their works smuggled out to freedom, some in exile. This is not a thing of the past, it is not just Galileo Galilei and Thomas Mann, Alexander Solzhenitsyn or any of the other names many of us know and respect, but many minor writers and thinkers of our modern times. Somehow they still manage to get their words out into the public arena, to those who wish to read, to understand and to think. Pilgrim’s Progress was written by John Bunyan while he was imprisoned in Bedfordshire for practising his religion, and has never been out of print since it was first registered in the Stationer’s Register back in 1677, and officially published in 1678. Many regimes have tried, but few will ever be able to imprison a mind which allows itself the freedom of thought.
The task of the modern education is not to cut down jungles, but to irrigate deserts.
C. S. Lewis had many ideas which I do not necessarily agree with, but this one sentence comes close to covering my thoughts on education. I have always seen education as a formal start to the road which we take in life: it is something which gives us the foundations upon which we should build in order to advance ourselves. The idea that what we learn in the classroom is all we need is a fallacy; the fact that we do not learn what we need is a fact. Too often children, and older students, are being taught what they need to know to pass a specific examination, and no more than that. They are not being taught to think for themselves, to explore and discover and, sadly it is also often the case, when they do move outside the strict guidelines of a curriculum and research further into a specific subject, they are impeded. Then, when it comes to that time when thought, research, discovery are necessary, they do not have the ability simply because it has been trained out of them. Many of the works I see from people who are going for their higher degrees, or have succeeded in attaining one, are of a far lower standard than those published fifty or sixty years ago. Works are filled with quotations – sometimes forgetting that they are references to other people’s work and appearing to claim them for their own thought – but little which can be called original or even thought-provoking. It is all very well to have a good basic knowledge of a subject, but the aim should be to advance both yourself and the subject area itself into new fields though thought and discussion, research and discovery. In my own personal area of interest, philosophy, I see many articles and books coming onto the market which simply rehash what has been said and written before.
Perhaps this is the true form of imprisonment: we are not being encouraged to seek out the new and, therefore, imprison ourselves within a small set of rules rather than seeing the world outside of them. The rules may well have some form of sense, within a minor area, but should never be allowed to rule our lives when it comes to education, to thought and to personal advancement.
My travelling has mostly been of the same nature; living rough and wherever it was possible at low cost but with the highest level of mental gain. I seem to have spent, in my youth at least, more time living under bridges, in fields and car parks than in hotels and motels. I would have my base, in London or Paris, Berlin or Venice, knowing that I could return there, sleep and remain dry and safe at night, and spend the day time walking the streets, going to museums and art galleries, enjoying all those things which tourists pay a fortune for. In Venice I was joined by countless others, sleeping on the main concourse of the railway station, and we were woken punctually at six by the local police, so that the other tourists wouldn’t be disturbed by our presence; no hassle, no fuss, just a wake-up call. In many cities that I visit now, throughout Europe and the United States, local government have set up spikes and cordoned potential sleeping areas off to combat homelessness – clearly something which does not work, as the homes and shelters are not being created to cover the loss of an outside sleeping place – making it harder for people to just drift and experience today. In some towns, I am told, as soon as a traveller approaches the boundaries he is warned off. Even here we are being funnelled into a distinct level of learning, of experiencing, and the loss is not only ours, but that of society as a whole. When everything is regimented, what is there left to discover?
Do the mind and the pen share some instinct inexplicable to man? Or is each and every word a product of careful, untrustworthy, thought?
On the one level there are the words which we write: we sit down and let our thoughts flow across the page through the medium of our pens. We do not stop to consider, but take an idea and work it through from beginning to end, no matter where it may lead us. On the other level, we have those same words and we work through them, one sentence at a time, revising and editing, perfecting so that a more coherent level of thought appears on the page. Thoughts, at level one, have never been trustworthy; they always seem to lead us to places we had no desire to go or which we did not know could be linked to an original thought. Thoughts in other people are decidedly untrustworthy, because we cannot see them and do not know what they are really thinking, unless they are an exceptionally poor poker player and let everything be read through their body language.
The first level is always the best way of writing, for ourselves. It brings those thoughts out, and shows us the directions we can go in should we wish to. The first level is the way all good writers begin their works; simply letting the words flow according to the theme they have set themselves and seeing how it all comes together. The second level is then the revision, the editing, the preparing for an audience which needs to be convinced, which needs to be lead by the hand on a set and understandable journey towards a distinct and understandable destination. The first level is for you and me, for the real person. The second is for the public. Two distinct things, not exactly opposed one to the other, but vastly different.
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Eruption plumesVolcanoes typically build up in fits and starts. After 1883, Krakatau was dormant until 1927, when a new cone began to build at the edge of the 1883 caldera. In 1928 alone, 22,358 earth tremors were registered by a temporary volcanological observatory on the island of Panjang, while eruption plumes were seen to reach 1,200 meters high. However, the first three attempts to break the surface formed only temporary ash-cone islands, which were destroyed by marine erosion and submarine sliding on the steep slope of the submerged caldera. The second of these islands was visited by a party of scientists in May 1929, shortly before it slipped back into the sea. They collected several insects, including a large black cricket and a brown ant. The present island, the fourth, emerged in August 1930, and over the next few years, it alternated between periods of quiet and rapid growth. At times, particularly in the early 1930s, the eruptions produced huge quantities of fine ash, which, aided by the alternating monsoon winds, have been deposited on the developing forests of Panjang and Sertung islands, a few kilometers distant (in opposite directions), causing extensive damage. By September 1932, the island was 47 meters high and had a typical low wide crater some 700 meters in diameter. By 1933, the height had increased to 67 meters, and by 1941, it had doubled again to reach 132 meters. The 1940s was a period of relatively little activity, but in 1952 and 1953, the volcano sprang back into action, producing large quantities of ejecta. This was produced in such quantities and to such heights (clouds reaching 4,000 meters at times) that once again it was carried across to Panjang and Sertung islands, damaging as much of 90 percent of their forests to a degree visible from boats passing through the group. On Anak Krakatau itself, the colonization of plants and animals was abruptly halted by these eruptions, as the vegetation was more or less eliminated. A new, high inner cone formed, that was about 500 meters in diameter, enclosing a new crater lake. The records then indicate a further period of inactivity, until 1958, with further ash eruptions occurring over the period to 1963, during which some traces of ash reached sites on the coast of Java, some 40 kilometers distant.
Anak KrakatauThe Volcano Today: Will It Blow Again?
By the mid-1990s the island had overtopped both Panjang and Sertung islands, reaching a height of about 300 meters, with a diameter varying between 3 and 4 kilometers. It has some way to go before it reaches the height of the last fragment of the 1883 volcano Rakata, at some 780 meters. What are the chances of the cycle of growth and violent destruction repeating itself? Volcanologists have a number of means of assessing the likelihood of catastrophic eruptive activity. One important measure is the silica content of the ejecta. As the magma increases in silica content its viscosity increases, making it more difficult for contained gases to escape. When they do, there is a cataclysmic eruption, and silica content then falls to begin the cycle again. The Krakatau data broadly fit this Magmamodel, and do not suggest that another caldera collapse event is imminent. But you can never be certain with volcanoes. In any event, it is not a volcano to take lightly. Over the last 70 years, it has deposited something like a meter of volcanic ashes on Panjang and Sertung islands, and has repeatedly cut-back the development of its own ecosystems. When in full eruption, it is an awesome sight, with huge volcanic bombs thrown hundreds of meters from the eruption center, and great plumes of ash ascending many hundreds and sometimes thousands of metres. Recent outpourings of lava have also been spectacular, for instance, in November 1992, a four day period of activity saw 35,650 square meters covered by lava of about 5 meters in thickness -- an estimated volume of over 2 million cubic meters.
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0.994931 |
S: (v) arrive, get, come (reach a destination; arrive by movement or progress) "She arrived home at 7 o'clock"; "She didn't get to Chicago until after midnight"
S: (v) bring, get, convey, fetch (go or come after and bring or take back) "Get me those books over there, please"; "Could you bring the wine?"; "The dog fetched the hat"
S: (v) pay back, pay off, get, fix (take vengeance on or get even) "We'll get them!"; "That'll fix him good!"; "This time I got him"
S: (v) get, catch, capture (succeed in catching or seizing, especially after a chase) "We finally got the suspect"; "Did you catch the thief?"
S: (v) get (communicate with a place or person; establish communication with, as if by telephone) "Bill called this number and he got Mary"; "The operator couldn't get Kobe because of the earthquake"
S: (v) catch, get (grasp with the mind or develop an understanding of) "did you catch that allusion?"; "We caught something of his theory in the lecture"; "don't catch your meaning"; "did you get it?"; "She didn't get the joke"; "I just don't get him"
S: (v) catch, arrest, get (attract and fix) "His look caught her"; "She caught his eye"; "Catch the attention of the waiter"
S: (v) get (reach by calculation) "What do you get when you add up these numbers?"
S: (v) get (acquire as a result of some effort or action) "You cannot get water out of a stone"; "Where did she get these news?"
S: (v) get (purchase) "What did you get at the toy store?"
S: (v) catch, get (perceive by hearing) "I didn't catch your name"; "She didn't get his name when they met the first time"
S: (v) catch, get (suffer from the receipt of) "She will catch hell for this behavior!"
S: (v) get, receive (receive as a retribution or punishment) "He got 5 years in prison"
S: (v) get (reach and board) "She got the bus just as it was leaving"
S: (v) get, get under one's skin (irritate) "Her childish behavior really get to me"; "His lying really gets me"
S: (v) get (evoke an emotional response) "Brahms's `Requiem' gets me every time"
S: (v) catch, get (apprehend and reproduce accurately) "She really caught the spirit of the place in her drawings"; "She got the mood just right in her photographs"
S: (v) draw, get (earn or achieve a base by being walked by the pitcher) "He drew a base on balls"
S: (v) get (overcome or destroy) "The ice storm got my hibiscus"; "the cat got the goldfish"
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0.959485 |
How to properly cache sprites/labels/textures and reduce draw calls?
I am currently having the following issue: I created an interface myself with several buttons (each button is derived from CCNode).
Each button consists of different images (CCSprite) and Texts (CCLabel).
Unfortunately, each sprite and each label causes an increase in the draw calls.
Unforutnately, this increases the draw calls for each label and sprite added to that button.
I discovered that when I was inheriting my buttons from CCMenuItemImage and setting NormalImage to the sprite and additionally adding the sprite with this.AddChild(button), the draw calls where not increased and I needed only one draw call for that sprite in all buttons.
Can anybody tell me how I should cache and create my sprites in order to keep the draw calls low? I thought about CCSpriteBatchNode, but that's marked as obsolete/deprecated.
Simplify the moving parts as much as possible. Try using sprite sheets where possible and/or merge multiple sprite sheets into one so that the textures are not moved from memory -> shader -> gpu memory.
// undo the rotation that was applied by the action attached.
What we have done here is create a static image to be drawn for your button. The number of vertices that will be drawn are 4 and only 1 change of texture for the Renderer. With adding the sprite and label as children you would have had 4 vertices for the background image with a swap of Texture as well as 4 vertices for each character of the label with a swap of texture. So with just this one modification with a button background image and label with text of "Push Me" the number of vertices pushed to the graphics card is a very small percentage compared to sprite and label as children. The draw calls are also cut by 50% with the vertices draw cut by ~80%.
This is just one idea as there could be many others in your interface. You can see the full source here with actions attached as well as the draw calls.
You should not need to use CCSpriteBatchNode as can be seen the CCMenuItemImage is supposedly doing things correctly it seems so there must be something that is not being cached correctly. Also, we could be missing something on our side as well. You could look at the CCMenuItemImage code and do something like what it is doing if you would like. If not could you please send a small solution file that demonstrates this inconsistency. Your last example was really precise and thank you for that.
Okay, I found out that the problem was that I have added a CCLayer to my nodes and added the sprite to that layer. That results in 1 draw call for each sprite.
Attached is my short project that shows that behavior.
If you uncomment the line in DummyMenuItem.cs, then the draw calls are reduced to 1. Otherwise, they stick at 10.
By the way, DisplayStats is currently not working for iOS.
I have another question: I want to use many CCLabel for my interface (I currently have around 18 buttons, each button has two labels and several sprites). Is there any way I can reduce the draw calls that are caused by the labels? Each label increases the draw calls by 1, however most of the labels are similar (e.g. Exercise 1 and Exercise 2).
Ok I am finally getting to the heart of the problems you are having.
First, again, want to thank you for the very precise examples. All of them are showing the same thing that you are working a lot with CCLayer. There have been a few changes and CCLayer does not work the way I think you are trying to use it. Even the issues you reported have the same theme. You are using CCLayer for everything. Take a quick look at the following on the Hierarchy.
I noticed this in most of your samples as well but never thought to mention it because it was not the problem you were having.
In your code attached in each new CCNode that will hold your button sprite you are adding a CCLayer to that node and then adding all of your graphics to that CCLayer. In the renderer each CCLayer would bump the draw calls up because it is not on the same layer.
// FIXME: add the sprite to the node directly instead to the layer.
The draw calls go to 1 even with 10 buttons drawn. It would be the same for 100 or more as well.
This would work for either a textured button or a Text button.
For you CCLabel problem. If you are using SystemFont labels there is no way to reduce the draw calls. Each label is it's own entity and do not share a common texture. The only labels that share a common font texture are sprite fonts and bitmap fonts. This is what they were created for.
There is a backing texture atlas for each font definition that all characters use with bitmap fonts and sprite fonts. They even look the same across platforms whereas each platform using the underlying system calls will draw fonts with a noticeable difference. Even the font sizes will not be the same because of the differences between points, pixels DPI and the such.
Thanks for your answers @kjpou1 !
I switched over using CCNode insteaf of CCLayer if I want to group several sprites.
For the CCLabel issue: I am using SpriteFonts, but the draw calls increase by 1 for each label I create.
Is there any way to manually cache the fonts? The CCSpriteFontCache.SharedInstance has no method at all at the current PCL.
Here is a test I just did with WindowsPhone 8.1 using a spritefont.
This will create 100 labels. Notice the number of draws is 2 even for all 100. 1 for the labels and 1 for the stats.
Thanks @kjpou1 for further investigation.
I now have found out, that indeed the draw calls are not increased but ONLY IF no CCSprite and CCLabel is simultaneously added to a CCNode.
//FIXME: either remove the sprite or the label to reduce the draw calls to 1.
bool lag = true; // If true will result in a huge amount of draw calls.
Draw calls are only batched on the Texture. The renderer tries to keep the texture in memory as long as possible.
In the CCLabel example above, using a SpriteFont, the same texture is used so under the hood the Renderer can batch all the rendering calls.
The only way for this to work is that the texture being used is the same for each draw call. Once the texture changes then a new draw call is issued so that the new texture can be moved to memory.
--> Next CCSprite used for grouping is the same? No because the last texture was for the sprite font so go to the beginning above and start again.
So there really is no way for the renderer to keep the same texture in memory because they are different.
Peter's is kind of a corner case because even though the CCSprite does not have a texture the Renderer still thinks it does because normally a CCSprite is associated with one. In fact the Texture Id works out to zero in this case which would be a different Id than the one used for the render target texture. Could this be considered a bug? Maybe, depending on how you look at it. The definition of a CCSprite is that it has a Texture associated with it even though in this case there is no texture. If someone created a CCSprite without a texture to group other nodes then they should probably rethink the CCSprite and change to a CCNode instead. That would be the correct way.
That is all CCSpriteBatchNode was, just a way to keep contiguous associated sprites together to use the same texture. Even though it kept them together each CCSpriteBatchNode still created a draw call. Even though there might have been multiple sprites associated with each batch node it still created a draw call for each CCSpriteBatch. Besides doing this it really was not very easy to use with the code becoming quite complicated at times if you wanted to use it as part of a custom component.
The Renderer tries to work this out dynamically for itself but sometimes needs a little help.
For example the particle system used a sprite batch to group the particle textures. If you had an explosion particle system and ran it three times it would show three draw calls. With the Renderer all those calls would be batched automatically thus show only one draw call even though there may be 1000 different particles associated. Also assuming that the particle system was placed to be drawn one right after the other in the Scene Graph hierarchy. If for instance you added a particle system to the Scene Graph then a CCSprite and then another particle system using the same texture as the first, you may get 2 draw calls or 3 depending on the order to be drawn as well as the z-order in the scene. This also may change as you add and remove children from the Scene Graph and the Renderer dynamically sorting those to work out if they can be grouped or not.
Thank you @kjpou1 for your explanation.
So what am I supposed to do for my interface? My fps is dropping too low, the user experience is quite bad. As I said, I have plenty of interface elements with both, sprites and fonts.
I could now lower the draw calls to get proper FPS as every of my buttons now increase the draw calls by only 1.
Do you / does anyone has any further tips in respect to rendering etc? I am quite unfamiliar with graphic performance enhancement.
I have now the issue that the RenderTexture.Sprite looks pixelated / shows artifacts.
If I set RenderTexture.Sprite.IsAntialiased = true then the sprite looks better but is blurry.
I've read that I have to set the CCCameraProjection to CCCameraProjection.Projection2D, but where do I exactly have to set that?
Changing the default CCLayer.DefaultCameraProjection= CCCameraProjection.Projection2D had no effect.
What do you mean by artifacts? Can you post a screen shot?
As you can see, the font and the star are pixelated (you can compare the star in a blue menu item with the stars on the right).
Are those scaled in any way?
The blue background of the button is scaled, everything else is not.
@kjpou1 Do you have a solution yet?
Sorry to say I do not. Have you tried using different blends for that. Try setting the BlendFunc when drawing. The default is AlphaBlend but maybe what is outline here. This uses a NonPremultiplied blend when drawing.
These explain the different ways that Pre-Multiplied and NonPremultiplied work with image composition using render targets. Especially with the fringe bleeding.
Hey, I already tried the blendfuncs.
The result is still pretty crappy (exact the same as on the screenshots I posted above).
Anyone found a solution how to use sprites + labels with CCRenderTexture and obtain good results?
Can you put together a small project with your assets that is demonstrating that please.
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0.96612 |
Is a greeting card , chocolates, roses or a meal in a public restaurant romantic?
There is nothing romantic about expressing love at the appointed time, in the required way.
Obligation and role playing are not romantic; for they lack sincerity, imagination and spontaneity.
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0.999989 |
How is laryngeal cancer diagnosed?
It is important that your doctor establishes the diagnosis of laryngeal cancer, asssesses the size of the cancer and whether it has spread to the lymph nodes in the neck or elsewhere in the body.
Not everyone will need to have to every test for laryngeal cancer. Your doctor will recommend tests that are right for you.
This involves taking a small piece (sample) from the cancer. The sample is then examined under a microscope to check for cancer cells. This is often the only sure way to tell if you have cancer.
Biopsy of the larynx: This is commonly referred to as microlaryngoscopy and will need to be performed under a general anaesthetic (medicine to keep you unconscious), so that you don't feel any pain. During this procedure which is performed through the open mouth, your doctor will be able to accurately map the cancer and take a small sample for assessment. There may be some bleeding after the biopsy. If you take blood thinners (e.g. warfarin), you may need to stop these before the biopsy.
Needle biopsy (Fine Needle Aspiration or FNA): This is used when there is a lump (enlarged lymph node) in the neck that could have cancer cells in it. During the procedure, your doctor will take some cells from the lump using a needle. Usually this is done with guidance from an ultrasound to make sure the needle is in the right spot. You may feel a bit uncomfortable during the biopsy.
This uses X-rays to take pictures of the inside of the body. If the person has cancer, a CT scan can help the doctor to see where it is, measure how big it is, and if it has spread into nearby organs or other parts of the body.
This uses magnetic fields to take pictures of the inside of the body. This helps the doctor see how far a cancer has grown into the tissue around it.
This is a whole body scan that uses a adioactive form of sugar which can show if laryngeal cancer has spread to the lymph nodes or elsewhere in the body.
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0.938486 |
Starting in 1983 the third generation began with the Japanese release of the Family Computer (or "Famicom"; later known as the Nintendo Entertainment System in the rest of the world) by Nintendo. Although the previous generation of consoles had also used 8-bit processors, it was at the end of this generation that home consoles were first labeled by their "bits". This also came into fashion as 16-bit systems like Sega's Genesis were marketed to differentiate between the generations of consoles. In the United States, this generation in gaming was primarily dominated by the NES/Famicom.
The Sega Genesis was released in America in 1988.
Starting in 1987 and ending in 1996, the fourth generation of video game consoles consisted primarily of games and systems programmed for the 16-bit era. During this generation, 2D graphics had improved over the previous generation and experimentation began to occur with 3D graphics, although 3D games were more prevalent on the PC at the time. The fourth generation also was the first time compact discs were considered a viable port for video game retail sales with the CD-i. Some of the most notable systems released during this generation were the Super Famicom/Super Nintendo Entertainment System (1990), the Sega Mega Drive/Genesis (1988), and the Neo Geo (1990). Nintendo's Game Boy was also released during the fourth generation, which would later become the most popular series of handheld gaming systems during the 1990s. A rivalry between Sega and Nintendo occurred during this generation, starting the first ever console war.
In the early-1980s, arcade games were a vibrant industry. The arcade video game industry in the US alone was generating $5 billion of revenue annually in 1981 and the number of arcades doubled between 1980 and 1982. The effect video games had on society expanded to other mediums as well such as major films and music. In 1982, "Pac-Man Fever" charted on the Billboard Hot 100 charts and Tron became a cult classic.
Following a dispute over recognition and royalties, several of Atari's key programmers split and founded their own company Activision in late 1979. Activision was the first third-party developer for the Atari 2600. Atari sued Activision for copyright infringement and theft of trade secrets in 1980, but the two parties settled on fixed royalty rates and a legitimizing process for third parties to develop games on hardware.
In the aftermath of the lawsuit, an oversaturated market resulted in companies that had never had an interest in video games before beginning to work on their own promotional games; brands like Purina Dog Food. The market was also flooded with too many consoles and too many poor quality games, elements that would contribute to the collapse of the entire video game industry in 1983.
By 1983, the video game bubble created during the golden age had burst and several major companies that produced computers and consoles had gone into bankruptcy. Atari reported a $536 million loss in 1983. Some entertainment experts and investors lost confidence in the medium and believed it was a passing fad. A game often given poster child status to this era, E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial had such bad sale figures that the remaining unsold cartridges were buried in the deserts of New Mexico.
The brunt of the crash was felt mainly across the home console market. Home computer gaming continued to thrive in this time period, especially with lower-cost machines such as the Commodore 64 and ZX Spectrum. Some computer companies adopted aggressive advertising strategies to compete with gaming consoles and to promote their educational appeal to parents as well. Home computers also allowed motivated users to develop their own games, and many notable titles were created this way, such as Jordan Mechner's Karateka, which he wrote on an Apple II while in college.
In the late 1980s, IBM PC compatibles became popular as gaming devices, with more memory and higher resolutions than consoles, but lacking in the custom hardware that allowed the slower console systems to create smooth visuals.
By 1985, the home market console in North America had been dormant for nearly two years. Elsewhere, video games continued to be a staple of innovation and development. After seeing impressive numbers from its Famicom system in Japan, Nintendo decided to jump into the North American market by releasing the Nintendo Entertainment System, or NES for short. After release it took several years to build up momentum, but despite the pessimism of critics it became a success. Nintendo is credited with reviving the home console market.
One innovation that led to Nintendo's success was its ability to tell stories on an inexpensive home console; something that was more common for home computer games, but had only been seen on consoles in a limited fashion. Nintendo also took measures to prevent another crash by requiring third-party developers to adhere to regulations and standards, something that has existed on major consoles since then. One requirement was a "lock and key" system to prevent reverse engineering. It also forced third parties to pay in full for their cartridges before release, so that in case of a flop, the liability will be on the developer and not the provider.
1Game franchises that also accompany major film or television franchises.
2Game franchises that are considered spin-offs of previously established franchises.
Note that video game sales numbers were not as visible or accurate during the 1980s, with the exception of NES titles. This table is interesting, but not the definitive word for the entire decade.
^ "The Video Game Crash of 1983".
^ a b "A 20-YEAR OLD LEGEND".
^ "Top 10 Embarrassing Moments in Video Game History".
^ "Ten Facts about the Great Video Game Crash of '83".
^ "Nintendo's DS family becomes best selling gaming handheld in history".
^ "4th Generation Vintage Hardware and Computing Consoles". VintageGameSite.com. 2007-08-19. Archived from the original on December 22, 2008. Retrieved 2009-07-23.
^ "Nintendo GameBoy - Reviews". Archived from the original on 2008-07-26. Retrieved 2009-12-31.
^ Wolf, Mark J.P. (2008). The video game explosion: a history from PONG to PlayStation and beyond. ABC-CLIO. p. 103. ISBN 031333868X. Retrieved 2011-04-19.
^ Wolf, Mark J.P. (2008). The video game explosion: a history from PONG to PlayStation and beyond. ABC-CLIO. p. 105. ISBN 031333868X. Retrieved 2011-04-19.
^ "Pac-Man Fever". Time Magazine. 1982-04-05. Retrieved 2009-10-15.
^ "Top 20 cult films, according to our readers". The Boston Globe. 17 August 2006.
^ "Classic Gaming Expo: ALAN MILLER". Archived from the original on 2012-02-08.
^ "The History Of Activision".
^ Beller, Peter C. (2 February 2009). "Activision's Unlikely Hero". Forbes.
^ "Chase the Chuck Wagon". Archived from the original on 2012-02-29. Retrieved 2012-03-12.
^ "History of the Video Game Console : 1980s".
^ "A History of Video Game Consoles". Time.
^ "Five Million E.T. Pieces".
^ "All Your History: The Video Game Crash of 1983".
^ "10 Ridiculous Old-School Video Game Rumors (That Were Actually True)".
^ "80's Radio Shack Color Computer Commercial".
^ "Commodore VIC-20 ad with William Shatner".
^ "Jordan Mechner's Karateka remake looks to modernize a classic story".
^ Hague, James. "Why Do Dedicated Game Consoles Exist?".
^ "Striking a BalanceIs Nintendo digging its grave with shovelware?".
^ "At 25, Tetris still eyeing growth". Reuters. 2 June 2009.
^ "Happy 35th Atari 2600!". Den of Geek!.
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0.999998 |
Tell me about the staff.
Provide three references, which we check.
Undergo a background check, which includes a check of the national child offender registry.
Camp Hours: 9 AM to 3:15 PM* Morning drop off: 8:45 to 9 AM. Afternoon Pickup: 3:00 to 3:15 PM. Extended Day: 8:00 AM to 5:15 PM. Extra fee. *Fridays: Parent Open House from 2:30 to 3:15 No extended day on Fridays; all campers are to be picked up by 3:15.
Where do I drop my camper off for camp?
Carpool Drop Off: Once on our driveway, proceed several hundred feet, then turn right to come through the open double gates and down the gravel drive into the "Parking Pasture". (Please DO NOT park by the garage of the private residence.) As you enter the "Parking Pasture" please stay to the right going down hill. To exit, make a U-turn and exit coming up the hill to the right near the large pine tree. Please note we have a narrow driveway; if possible, please wait for all campers to arrive before leaving. Cars exiting should yield to cars trying to enter off the road. You may parallel park, single file, along the fence on either side, although if you park on the side with the pine tree, you should be facing up hill. Please do not block any gates or other cars!
Carpool Drop Off/Pick Up Inclement Weather: Please follow the same instructions as above. Staff will walk campers to your car. Please do not all try to drive to the private residence by the garage!
First Day: Please arrive at 8:30 on the first day, and bring any forms you have not yet submitted or have medication to drop off. Once parked, you and your camper may enter through the large gate that faces to the barn on the gravel driveway, and walk with your child to join the other campers in the barn area. Please close all gates behind you. After the first day, staff will come to the parking pasture to greet your camper.
May my camper be in a group with a friend or sibling?
Yes, your camper may request one friend to be in his or her group. Please enter the friend's name where requested in online registration. The friend must also request your camper. Campers are generally grouped based on the grade they are entering in the fall, so friends will need to be the same age, and/or entering the same grade. Note: Most campers do not come to camp with a friend, and make new friends and have a great time! We are a very friendly place!
Siblings & Relatives: May request to be in the same group only if they are the same age or entering the same grade, similar to at school.
No, unfortunately we will not be offering transportation this year. We are happy to share your contact information with parents of other campers during your session if you would like to arrange a carpool. Registration is required by May 1 to be on the carpool list.
Lost & Found Basket: Please label EVEYTHING!! Lost and found will be at carpool daily and during the Parent Open House on Friday. All unclaimed items will be donated to charity at the end of camp. Magnolia Farm is not responsible for lost or damaged items.
How can I help my camper have a great week at camp?
Get a good nights sleep each night before camp.
Eat a full nutritious breakfast each morning before camp.
In the unlikely event your camper says things are not going as he/she expected or there is an area of concern, please inform the Director immediately via text and/or email, and we’ll arrange a time to talk on the phone that evening.
All activities occur rain or shine! In the event of a thunderstorm, high winds, tornado watch/warning, or other inclement weather, campers will be moved indoors. We have fun rainy day activities planned, such as arts and crafts, board games, skits and more! For your safety, in the event of a tornado watch or warning, do not come get your camper until the watch/warning passes.
What days will my child ride?
Horseback riding lessons are generally offered in the morning during regular camp hours. The riding schedule will be emailed to campers several days before each week of camp. Unfortunately, campers are unable to add lessons the week of camp due to scheduling. Riding will take place in a light rain, but not a thunderstorm or high winds. Please send your child ready to ride on the scheduled days, even if rain/thunderstorms are forecast. Please see “What to Bring List,” where we strongly suggest campers have clothes for all our activities at camp everyday, especially during weeks with bad weather, as we will work programs in as we can. With over 20 animals on the farm, events may be rescheduled for reasons other than weather!
How should I contact the camp director during camp?
Email us at [email protected] for general/non timely questions, i.e. changes for the next day or later in the week. During camp, we check/respond to email Monday to Friday between 6 pm and 8 pm.
By text* at 770.337.4785 on timely issues that we need know about before the end of camp that day.
If you must speak to us on the phone during camp hours, please text* us to request we call you.
In the unlikely event your camper says things are not going as he/she expected or there is an area of concern, please inform the Director immediately via email or text* if you choose, and we will set up a time to talk on the phone in the evening.
*Please ALSO email us summarizing any special requests, such as permission to ride home with a friend not mentioned on the registration form, info regarding late arrival/early dismissal, messages or instructions given verbally at carpool, sent via text or over the phone.
Please do not send messages on a note via your child.
How will the camp communicate with me?
Via Email: Once you have completed online registration, you will automatically receive a confirmation email from [email protected]. Please be sure the email you provide are ones you check regularly, and update your account if you start using a new email address. Please check your SPAM, and permit our email address to be received in your general inbox going forward. We will send you important email reminders.
During camp, in the unlikely event your child gets sick or injured, we will contact the camper's parents by phone. If we are unable to reach the campers' parents, we will contact the emergency contact numbers.
What forms are required? When are they due? Where do I send them?
Magnolia-Farm-Waiver-and-Release-of-Liability-Day-Camp-2019 Please also print and sign a copy of this and mail to us by May 1, or bring with your camper the first day, in addition to the online signature.
3231 Immunization Form. Provided by your child's physician; please have them email/ mail it to us.
~OR mail to 14325 Birmingham Hwy., Alpharetta, GA 30004. Please note what sessions your camper will be in.
All forms are due by May 1. For those registering after May 1, please submit forms ASAP, and no later than two weeks before your campers first day of camp.
Summer Camp and LIT Payment: $100 non-refundable deposit is due per camper per session at the time of online registration. The remaining tuition may be paid either in full at the time of registration; or as an automatic draft from your credit card, or two installments: one on March 15 and April l5. We accept Visa and MasterCard. Registration made after April 15 will need to pay in full at time of registration.
How do I cancel or change my registration?
Cancelations made prior to May 1 will receive a refund of tuition paid, less the $100 non-refundable deposit per camper per session. Please submit requests to us via email. You will receive a confirmation email within 48 hours noting credit returned to your credit card on file. We are not able to give refunds after May 1 on summer camp registration.
Transfer of Sessions: Campers may transfer to another session, space available, at no additional charge prior to May 1. There is a $20 fee to change sessions after May 1. Please submit requests via email at least 7 days before the start of the session to [email protected]. You will receive an email confirmation within 48 hours.
Am I required to pay extra to join Active Advantage or buy the Booking Protection when I register for camp?
No! Magnolia Farm has used ActiveWorks, a third party registration service, for many years to handle our registration and billing. You are not required to join Active Advantage or buy Booking Protection; these are additional services ActiveWorks is selling. It is our understanding that you have the optionto buy these services during registration.
Active Advantage: Please contact consumer support via [email protected].
What if my camper misses camp due to illness?
Unfortunately, we are not able to give refunds for campers that miss camp due to illness. If a camper misses 2 or more days during a session due to illness, those days may be made up during another session, space available.
What if my camper is sick?
In the even your camper gets sick with a contagious illness at camp, we will call you or the emergency contact to come get your camper. Parents of the other campers in attendance that week will be informed that day if a camper is sent home with a contagious illness. We will include the nature of the illness, but of course the name of the ill camper is confidential. For helpful information on keeping your camper healthy, please see this link: https://www.acacamps.org/sites/default/files/resource_library/parents/parentflyer.pdf.
What is the camps policy on peanuts and other nut products?
We ask that campers not bring food or snacks to camp containing ingredients from peanuts. If staff observes peanut products, they will be sent home with campers. While we discourage the bringing of peanut products, we do not have a formal means of enforcing this policy.
How are behavior problems addressed at camp?
Campers are expected to follow camp rules and treat other campers, staff, animals and property with respect; bullying and other disrespectful behavior is not tolerated. Discipline procedures will follow a progression: first a verbal correction from staff, then a 5 minute time out from activities, and if the misbehavior continues, being removed from the activity, sent to the director and notification of parents. Magnolia Farm reserves the right, at its discretion, to dismiss any Participant who violates Magnolia Farm rules or whose conduct is determined by Magnolia Farm to be detrimental to him or herself, other Participants, or the general welfare of the Farm. No refund will be made in case of dismissal.
While we would like to welcome all campers, our program may not be suitable for campers with special needs. Our days combine structured activities with unstructured time to allow children to have creative play. The daily schedule may vary, as some activities are offered on a Monday/Wednesday or Tuesday/Thursday rotation. As we are offering camp, and not school, the environment will by nature be louder than a classroom. Please contact us to discuss if our program would be suitable for your child.
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0.934113 |
Why is it more expensive to build in a city like Boston, or NYC than in a city like Houston, or Tampa.
Does anyone in the know, or who experience, have any insight into the economics behind projects being built in this city and why they cost more than projects elsewhere?
Is the higher cost of Boston overblown, as in it really doesn't cost more, or even that much more?
Do unions play a big role in driving up costs?
workers do cost more here, but I don't think that is a significant cost relative to land and materials. The land is certainly more expensive. Aside from that, I can't really think of what else might drive up the cost.
Glaeser says zoning, regulation, permitting. Pioneer Institute's got a link to the study here.
I'm not familiar with the regulatory system in other cities, but take a look at Article 80 if you want to see how onerous the process in Boston can be.
All these things, but also space constraints and mitigation needs. Think about needing to get all those trucks and materials in and out of tight urban spaces.
Glaeser actually addresses space constraints. The numbers don't support land limitations being a major variable. It's one of those things that seems to make a lot of sense, but doesn't really pan out when you look at the numbers sum total.
If you're looking for the #1 factor, I bet it is the regulations. Perhaps needing to have the right connections can take a toll as well.
I'd say zoning is number 1. In Houston you can buy an acre of land and build an 60 story building as-of-right (or a 100 story building for that matter). In Boston, maybe the equivalent as-of-right zoning allows for 20 stories. So in Houston your spreading the cost of the land over 3x as many square feet. So when people talk about psf development costs, you're behind the 8-ball before you've even broken ground.
Permitting and uncertainty are definitely a huge factor as well.
Aren't space constraints and zoning profoundly interrelated. Brookline is already built up into short residential neighborhood. So of course the zoning is going to call for short, residential developments. If you had large swaths of open space, you'd be less likely to run into NIMBY opposition.
Aren't space constraints and zoning profoundly interrelated.
Yeah, in a lot of ways. In this instance though, the question is "does land in Boston cost a ton because there isn't a lot of empty space?" and the answer is that there's enough empty space that price doesn't correlate strongly with scarcity.
Now, I'm just basing this off my intuition (and I'm certainly not discounting how badly the regulatory environment slows things down), but I have to think that the lack of space isn't as big of a driver of costs as what is there.
In many urban locations built after WWII, the development that exists there, even when completely filled out, is not necessarily the kind of construction that prohibits further development or replacements. Or, simply put: There's less cost in tearing down a strip mall in a sprawling western city than there is in tearing down the childhood summer home of the brother-in-law of the third attorney general of the Commonwealth.
I'm almost inclined to think that mixed-use development, for all its 'pros' does engender greater NIMBYism than other types of development. Again, if you're surrounded by strip malls, who's going to complain about what you're building? If you're surrounded by offices, retail, and residential, suddenly, your development impacts many different types of neighbors differently, and they all want to air their grievances.
Most of Boston isn't at all 'mixed-use' or anything of the sort. The things that engender NIMBYism are the LACK of mixed-use development and overall stale marketplace with little new construction post-WWII.
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The present disclosure relates to systems and methods that provide power generation using predominantly CO2 as a working fluid. In particular, the present disclosure provides for the use of a portion of the heat of compression from a CO2 compressor as the additive heating necessary to increase the overall efficiency of a power production system and method.
The present application claims priority to U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 62/021,839, filed Jul. 8, 2014, the disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.
The presently disclosed subject matter relates to systems and methods for generation of power, such as electricity, that operate at desirable efficiencies that are achieved through additive heating of at least part of a recycle CO2 stream in a heat exchanger using a further heat source. Particularly, heat from the further source can be derived at least in part from compression of at least a portion of the recycle CO2 stream.
Conventional means of power production from combustion of a fuel typically lack the ability to simultaneously achieve high efficiency power generation and carbon capture (e.g., for sequestration or other use). One publication in the field of high efficiency power generation with carbon capture, U.S. Pat. No. 8,596,075 to Allam et al., provides for desirable efficiencies in closed cycle combustion systems using CO2 as the working fluid. Such systems in particular benefit from the recognized usefulness of heating a recycle CO2 stream in a recuperative heat exchanger using heat from the hot turbine exhaust as well as adding further heat from a source other than the turbine exhaust. Despite such advances, there is yet a growing need in the art for improved systems and methods for power generation that provide increased efficiency with capture of CO2 and other fuel and combustion derived impurities.
The present disclosure provides systems and methods of power production with improved efficiency. The systems and methods can utilize CO2 as a working fluid and can be configured for capture of CO2 and other fuel and combustion derived impurities. The present improvements have been identified in relation to the introduction of low temperature level heating to a recycle CO2 stream in an elevated pressure, oxy-fuel combustion system and method that also utilizes recuperative heating of the recycle CO2 stream with heat from the hot turbine exhaust. The low temperature level heating can be described herein in terms of being “additive heating.” As such, it is understood that the additive heating is low temperature level heat from a source other than the hot turbine exhaust. In other words, the additive heating is not heat that is recuperated from the hot turbine exhaust. The present disclosure in particular identifies means for obtaining and transferring the additive heating in a closed cycle or partially closed cycle oxy-fuel combustion system and method that provides a power production output that exceeds the heating capacity of the heat from the fuel alone and thus provides an advantageous increase in efficiency.
In some embodiments, the present disclosure relates to systems and methods for generation of power, such as electricity, that operate at desirable efficiencies that are achieved through the combustion of a fuel (e.g., a carbonaceous or carbonaceous fuel) in oxygen at elevated pressure in the presence of a recycle CO2 stream followed by expansion of the product gas through a power producing turbine and cooling of the turbine exhaust in a recuperative heat exchanger, which heats the previously compressed recycle CO2 stream. Improved efficiency of power generation can be obtained by additive heating of at least part of the recycle CO2 stream in a heat exchanger using additive heating, which can be, for example, heat derived at least in part from compression of at least a portion of the recycle CO2 stream.
In various embodiments, power production can be achieved utilizing a closed cycle or partially closed cycle system in which CO2 is utilized as the working fluid. In such systems, a fossil fuel (e.g., natural gas) or a fuel derived from a fossil fuel (e.g., syngas derived from coal or other solid carbonaceous fuel) is completely combusted in a combustor using substantially pure oxygen as the oxidant to give an oxidized stream of predominantly CO2, H2O, excess O2, and a quantity of impurities derived from oxidized components in the fuel or oxidant, such as SO2, NOx, Hg, and HCl. Solid fossil fuels, such as coal, lignite, or petroleum coke, that contain non-combustible ash may be converted to a gaseous fuel by partial oxidation in a single stage or multi-stage system. Such system, for example, may comprise a partial oxidation reactor. Alternatively, for example, such system may comprise a partial oxidation reactor and an ash and volatile inorganic component removal system. Such systems further comprise combustion of the fuel gas with oxygen in the combustor of the power production system. A preheated recycle CO2 stream is mixed in the combustor with the combustion products derived from combustion of the fuel gas. Any combustor adapted for operation under conditions otherwise described herein may be used, and the recycle CO2 stream may be introduced to the combustor by any means to be further heated by the combustion and, if desired, to quench and thereby control the temperature of the exit stream. In some embodiments, one or both of a PDX reactor and the combustor may utilize, for purposes of example only, a transpiration cooled wall surrounding the reaction or combustion space, and the preheated recycle CO2 stream may pass through the wall to both cool the wall and to quench and thereby control the temperature of the exit stream. The transpiration flow promotes good mixing between the recycle CO2 and the hot combusted fuel gas streams. Other types of combustors, however, may also be used, and the present disclosure is not limited to the use of transpiration cooled combustors. Although certain fuel types are exemplified above, it is understood that other fuels (e.g., hydrogen) may be utilized in the combustor. Likewise, the advantages flowing from the use of additive heat may be applied to systems utilizing non-combustion heating in part or in total. For example, use of solar systems such as described in U.S. Pat. Pub. No. 2013/0118145, the disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference, is also encompassed by the present disclosure.
The combined combustion products and preheated recycle CO2 leaving the combustor are at the temperature required for the inlet to a power-producing turbine. The CO2 power cycle can use a pressure ratio across the turbine from 5 to 12 in some embodiments, although greater pressure ratios (e.g. at least 20) may be used in other embodiments, such as when utilizing a plurality of expansion turbines. A turbine inlet pressure of about 100 bar (10 MPa) to about 500 bar (50 MPa) can be used in some embodiments. The oxygen supplied to the combustor can be either substantially pure O2 or O2 diluted with CO2. In some embodiments, mixing of the O2 and CO2 can be useful to control the adiabatic flame temperature of the combustion reaction. As a non-limiting example, the molar concentration of O2 in the combined O2/CO2 stream can be about 10% to about 50%, about 15% to about 40%, or about 20% to about 30%. The hot turbine exhaust can be cooled in an economizing heat exchanger, which in turn preheats the high pressure CO2 recycle stream.
The efficient operation of the system is critically dependent on the optimization of the heat exchange. To achieve a high efficiency, a large quantity of additive heat can be added into the high pressure recycle stream at the cold end of the heat exchanger, such as at a temperature level from about 100° C. to about 400° C. This low temperature level heat may be derived in some embodiments from the air compressors of a cryogenic oxygen plant, which compressors may be operated wholly or in part with their pressure ranges in a high-pressure ratio adiabatic mode so that the compressed air is raised in temperature at the stage discharge to a point in the range of about 100° C. to about 400° C. and so that heat transfer from the compressed air stream to the pressurized recycle CO2 process stream can be easily accomplished. For example, a side stream flow taken from the high pressure CO2 recycle flow in the economizer heat exchanger can be heated against cooling compressed air to a required temperature of about 100° C. to about 400° C. Systems and methods for such oxyfuel combustion, low level heat production, and low level heat transfer are described in U.S. Pat. No. 8,596,075, U.S. Pat. No. 8,776,532, U.S. Pat. No. 8,986,002, U.S. Pat. No. 9,068,743, U.S. Pat. Pub. No. 2010/0300063, U.S. Pat. Pub. No. 2012/0067054, U.S. Pat. Pub. No. 2012/0237881, and U.S. Pat. Pub. No. 2013/0104525, the disclosures of which are incorporated herein by reference in their entireties.
The present disclosure provides further means for introducing heat into a recycle CO2 high pressure stream at a temperature of about 100° C. to about 400° C. and thus increase the effectiveness of an economizer heat exchanger and increase the overall efficiency of the power production system and method incorporating the present heat transfer means. In particular, the present disclosure provides for the use of a portion of the heat of compression from a recycle CO2 compressor as the additive heating necessary to increase the overall efficiency of a power production system and method.
Previous proposals have been made to optimize the performance of a power production cycle using high pressure CO2 as the working fluid. For example, Bryant et al. (“An Analysis and Comparison of the Simple and Recompression Supercritical CO2 Cycles” May 2011 presentation at the supercritical CO2 power cycle workshop in Boulder, Colo.), the disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference, describes Brayton cycles for power generation using recuperator heat exchanger with CO2 as the working fluid. The paper defines the efficiencies of two cycles in terms of operating parameters and shows the conditions under which the second cycle gives a higher efficiency than the first, simple cycle.
The first, simple cycle from Bryant et al. is shown in FIG. 1. Therein, hot CO2 in line 7 that has been compressed in a near adiabatic, non-intercooled compressor 1 is further heated in a recuperator heat exchanger 4. The hot CO2 then passes through line 8 to the heater 3 where it is heated either directly by combusting a fuel 14 with oxygen 13, or by some means of external heating. The further heated CO2 then passes through line 9 into a power producing turbine 2 where it is expanded to a lower pressure producing shaft work (illustrated by arrow 15). The turbine exhaust stream 10 passes to the recuperator heat exchanger 4 where it cools releasing heat to the high pressure recycle stream. The turbine exhaust is then cooled in a pre-cooler 5 where heat is rejected to a cooling stream 11 that exits via line 12 before finally re-entering the compressor 1 in line 6.
The second cycle from Bryant is shown in FIG. 2, which is identical to the cycle shown in FIG. 1 apart from the addition of a second compression stage 16 in which part of the low pressure turbine exhaust stream 17 leaving the low pressure return circuit at the exit from the recuperator heat exchanger 4 a before the pre-cooler 5 is compressed in its hot condition in compressor 16 leaving through line 18. This stream enters the recuperator heat exchanger 4 b after mixing with the main high pressure recycle stream leaving 4 a at its corresponding temperature and is heated in heat exchanger section 4 b against hot turbine exhaust stream 10. The effect of the additional compression is to inject a large amount of heat into the recuperator heat exchanger from the second compressor which takes as its inlet flow a CO2 stream at an elevated temperature which is greater than the inlet temperature of the main CO2 compressor.
The teaching of Bryant et al. reveals a disadvantage in that the heat input by-passes the first stage of the recuperator heat exchanger 4 a. The much larger specific heat of the high pressure CO2 stream that is being heated in heat exchanger 4 a compared to the low pressure turbine exhaust stream cooling in heat exchanger 4 a means that the heat transfer in heat exchanger 4 a into the high pressure stream must be maximized to achieve a close temperature approach. This is not achieved since the heated compressed CO2 stream bypasses heat exchanger 4 a. What is required for the maximum efficiency is to arrange a hot gas compression system in which the compressed CO2 cools down in the heat exchanger and increases the available heat transfer to the high pressure CO2 stream. The present disclosure relates in part to means for overcoming this disadvantage.
Although the cycles from Bryant et al. illustrated in FIG. 1 and FIG. 2 represent the known prior art for hot CO2 compression, they are only suitable for use in simple Brayton cycle arrangements that use a main CO2 compressor without intercoolers giving a high discharge temperature. This in turn causes the cooling turbine discharge flow leaving the recuperator heat exchanger 4 a to also be at a high temperature so the heat rejected in the pre-cooler heat exchanger is also high. It is therefore apparent that optimum efficiencies will only be achieved at low pressure ratios in this hot compression cycle which are shown to be in the range of 2 to 4 with optimum main compressor inlet pressures near the critical pressure of CO2. Higher pressure ratios lead to excessive heat losses in the system. The Bryant et al. cycles shown in FIG. 1 and FIG. 2 also fail to account for system details such as the presence of liquid water separation in the compressor inlet lines 6 following cooling in the heat exchanger 5 against ambient cooling means.
The Bryant et al. cycle in FIG. 2 has several further limitations. For example, the Bryant et al. cycle efficiency significantly decreases as the pressure ratio is increased since the main and recompression compressors are essentially adiabatic in operation with no intercoolers between stages. The studies reported by Bryant et al. show that the optimum pressure ratio for a turbine inlet temperature of 750° C. is 2.2 at a turbine inlet pressure of 100 bar and 3.3 at a turbine inlet pressure of 250 bar. Low pressure ratios require very high CO2 flow-rates in the system for a given power output leading to high capital costs. On the contrary, the present disclosure provides cycles with high pressure ratios and high turbine inlet pressures resulting in high efficiency and low capital cost.
Systems and methods useful according to the present disclosure can utilize pressure ratios of about 5 or greater, such as about 5 to about 30. In some embodiments, pressure ratios preferably can be in the range of about 5 to about 12. The present systems and methods also can utilize intercooled main CO2 recycle compression systems. The high pressure ratio favors a turbine inlet pressure above the CO2 critical pressure of 7.38 MPa and a turbine discharge pressure below this pressure. These higher pressure ratios give high efficiencies of 50% to 60% for natural gas fueled systems with significantly lower circulation rates of CO2 per kW of net power output. Systems and methods useful according to the present disclosure also preferably utilize a very considerable input of additive heat at a temperature level of, for example, greater than 100° C., and particularly in the range of about 100° C. to about 400° C. or about 100° C. to about 300° C. The presently disclosed systems and methods are particularly beneficial in providing for utilization of a portion of the heat of compression from the main recycle CO2 compressor as this additive heating.
In some embodiments, the present disclosure provides a method of generating power. For example, the method can comprise various combinations of the following steps: passing a compressed, heated recycle CO2 stream into a combustor; combusting a fuel with oxygen in a combustor in the presence of the recycle CO2 stream to produce a CO2 containing stream; passing the CO2 containing stream through a turbine to expand the CO2 containing stream, generate power, and form a turbine exhaust stream comprising CO2; withdrawing heat from the turbine exhaust stream comprising CO2; dividing the cooled turbine exhaust stream to form a first turbine exhaust portion and second turbine exhaust portion; separating water from the first turbine exhaust portion to form a main recycle CO2 stream; compressing the main recycle CO2 stream; compressing the second turbine exhaust portion adiabatically with no intercooling between compressor stages to form a heated, compressed second turbine exhaust portion; withdrawing heat from the heated, compressed second turbine exhaust portion; separating water from the cooled, compressed second turbine exhaust portion to form a secondary recycle CO2 stream; combining the main recycle CO2 stream and the secondary recycle CO2 stream to form a total recycle CO2 stream; cooling the total recycle CO2 stream to form a high density CO2 stream; compressing the total recycle CO2 stream in a second compression stage using a fluid pump; heating the total recycle CO2 stream with heat withdrawn from the turbine exhaust stream; and further heating the total recycle CO2 stream with heat withdrawn from the heated, compressed second turbine exhaust portion to form the compressed, heated recycle CO2 stream. In some embodiments, the two compressed CO2 streams following heat withdrawal from the secondary recycle CO2 stream can be combined, then the combined stream can be cooled followed by liquid water separation. In some embodiments, the second turbine exhaust stream may be compressed in multiple stages with heat transfer between one or more of the stages. For example, the second turbine exhaust stream may undergo multi-stage compression including uncooled compression stages (x) and intercooled compression stages (y), wherein x and y independent may be an integer of 1 or more, 2 or more, or 3 or more (e.g., 1 to 5 or 2 to 4). In some embodiments, the second turbine exhaust stream may be pressurized (and heated) in x uncooled compression stage(s) to an intermediate value, the pressurized gas can be utilized to provide the heat of compression to a recuperative heat exchanger so as to be cooled, the cooled gas can be dewatered, and the gas can be passed back to undergo the remaining y intercooled compression stage(s) prior to joining with the first turbine exhaust stream.
In further embodiments, the present disclosure provides a power generating system. For example, the system can comprise: a combustor; a power production turbine; one or more heat exchangers; a first cooling flow path through the one or more heat exchangers; a heating flow path through the one or more heat exchangers; a flow separator in communication with the first cooling flow path through the one or more heat exchangers; a first compressor in communication with the flow separator; a second cooling flow path through the one or more heat exchangers, the second cooling flow path being in communication with the compressor; one or more water separators; a second compressor; and a pump. In particular, the heating flow path through the one or more heat exchangers is downstream from the pump and upstream from the combustor; and the heating flow path through the one or more heat exchangers is in a heating arrangement with the first cooling flow path and the second cooling flow path through the one or more heat exchangers. In some embodiments, the first cooling flow path and the second cooling flow path can be defined by separate and independent water separation components and/or pump components. When two or more heat exchangers are used, the heat exchangers may be in series.
In some embodiments, the present disclosure can relate to a method for heating a recirculating gas stream. As an example, such method can comprise the following steps: passing a gas stream G at a pressure P1 and a temperature T1 through a recuperative heat exchanger such that the gas stream is cooled to a temperature T2 that is less than T1; separating the gas stream G into a first fraction G1 and a second fraction G2; compressing the gas stream fraction G1 to a pressure P2 that is greater than P1; compressing the gas stream fraction G2 to a pressure P3 that is greater than P1 so as to heat the gas stream fraction G2 to a temperature T3 that is greater than T2; withdrawing the heat from the compressed gas stream fraction G2; combining the gas stream fraction G1 and the gas stream fraction G2 to form a combined recirculating gas stream GC; pumping the recirculating gas stream GC to a pressure P4 that is greater than P2 and greater than P3; and passing the recirculating gas stream GC to the recuperative heat exchanger such that the gas stream GC is heated by the cooling gas stream G; wherein the heat withdrawn from the compressed gas stream fraction G2 is added to the recirculating gas stream GC after pumping to pressure P4. In further embodiments, the method for heating a recirculating gas stream may comprise any one or more of the following statements in any combination thereof.
The temperature T3 can be about 100° C. to about 400° C.
The pressure P2 of gas stream fraction G1 and the pressure P3 of gas stream fraction G2 can each separately be about 40 bar (4 MPa) to about 100 bar (10 MPa).
The pressure P4 of the recirculating gas stream GC can be about 100 bar (10 MPa) to about 500 bar (50 MPa).
The mass ratio of gas fraction G1 to gas fraction G2 based on the total mass of gas stream G can be about 50:50 to about 99:1, or can be about 50:50 to about 90:10, or can be about 50:50 to about 70:30 or can be about 70:30 to about 90:10.
The recirculating gas stream GC after passing through the recuperative heat exchanger and receiving the heat from the compressed gas fraction G2 can have a temperature T4 that is within 50° C. of T1.
The gas stream fraction G2 can be compressed with multi-stage compression with no intercooling.
After withdrawing heat from gas stream fraction G2, the gas stream fraction G2 can be further compressed before combining with gas stream fraction G1.
The recuperative heat exchanger can comprise three heat exchangers or three heat exchange sections in series. In such embodiments, heat can be transferred in a first heat exchanger or heat exchange section operating in temperature range R1, a second heat exchanger or heat exchange section operating in temperature range R2, and a third heat exchanger or heat exchange section operating in temperature range R3 with the temperature relationship of R1>R2>R3.
The gas stream G can be separated between the first heat exchanger or heat exchange section and the second heat exchanger or heat exchange section.
The gas stream G can separated between the second heat exchanger or heat exchange section and the third heat exchanger or heat exchange section.
The heat withdrawn from the compressed gas stream fraction G2 can be added to the recirculating gas stream GC in one or both of the third heat exchanger or heat exchange section and the second heat exchanger or heat exchange section.
The method further can comprise adding heat to the recirculating gas stream GC after pumping to pressure P4. In such embodiments, the added heat can be derived from one or both of an air separation unit and a gas turbine.
The method further can comprise passing the heated recirculating gas stream GC from the recuperative heat exchanger to a combustor that combusts a fuel with oxygen to form a combustion product stream.
The gas stream G can be a turbine exhaust stream.
In some embodiments, the present disclosure further can relate to a method of generating power. As an example, the method can comprise the following steps: combusting a fuel with oxygen in the combustor in the presence of a recycle CO2 stream to produce a CO2 containing combustion stream; passing the CO2 containing combustion stream through a turbine to expand the CO2 containing combustion stream, generate power, and form a turbine exhaust stream; withdrawing heat from the turbine exhaust stream; dividing the turbine exhaust stream to form a first turbine exhaust portion and second turbine exhaust portion; separating water from the first turbine exhaust portion to form a main recycle CO2 stream; compressing the main recycle CO2 stream; compressing the second turbine exhaust portion to form a heated, compressed second turbine exhaust portion; withdrawing heat from the heated, compressed second turbine exhaust portion; separating water from the cooled, compressed second turbine exhaust portion to form a secondary recycle CO2 stream; combining the main recycle CO2 stream and the secondary recycle CO2 stream to form a combined recycle CO2 stream; compressing the combined recycle CO2 stream; heating the combined recycle CO2 stream with heat withdrawn from the turbine exhaust stream; and further heating the combined recycle CO2 stream with heat withdrawn from the heated, compressed second turbine exhaust portion. In further embodiments, the method can comprise one or more of the following statements in any combination.
The CO2 containing combustion stream can have a temperature of about 500° C. to about 1,700° C. and a pressure of about 100 bar (10 MPa) to about 500 bar (50 MPa.).
The pressure ratio across the turbine can be about 5 to about 12.
The heat can be withdrawn from the turbine exhaust stream in a recuperative heat exchanger comprising three or more sections or comprising three or more individual heat exchangers.
Heating the combined recycle CO2 stream with heat withdrawn from the turbine exhaust stream and further heating the combined recycle CO2 stream with heat withdrawn from the heated, compressed second turbine exhaust portion can be carried out in the recuperative heat exchanger.
The mass ratio of the first turbine exhaust portion to the second turbine exhaust portion based on the total mass of the turbine exhaust stream can be about 50:50 to about 99:1.
The heat withdrawn from the heated, compressed second turbine exhaust portion can be in a temperature range of about 100° C. to about 400° C.
The main recycle CO2 stream and the second turbine exhaust portion can be independently compressed to a pressure of about 40 bar (4 MPa) to about 100 bar (10 MPa).
The combined recycle CO2 stream after heating with heat withdrawn from the turbine exhaust stream and further heating with heat withdrawn from the heated, compressed second turbine exhaust portion can have a temperature that is within 50° C. of the temperature of the turbine exhaust stream.
The second turbine exhaust portion can be compressed adiabatically with no intercooling between compressor stages.
In some embodiments, a power generating system according to the present disclosure can comprise the following: a combustor configured to exhaust a combustion stream; a power production turbine configured to receive and expand the combustion stream and form a turbine exhaust stream; a recuperative heat exchanger configured to receive the turbine exhaust stream; a flow separator configured to separate the cooled turbine exhaust stream into a first gas stream and a second gas stream; a first compressor configured to receive and compress the first gas stream; a second compressor configured to receive and compress the second gas stream; a pump configured to pressurize the first gas stream and the second gas stream in combination, the pump positioned downstream from the first compressor and the second compressor; a first flow path through the recuperative heat exchanger configured for passage of the turbine exhaust stream; a second flow path through the recuperative heat exchanger configured for passage of the pressurized first gas stream and second gas stream in combination; a third flow path through the recuperative heat exchanger configured for passage of the compressed second gas stream; wherein the first flow path and the third flow path are configured for heating the second flow path. In further embodiments, the system can include any one or more of the following statements in any combination.
The recuperative heat exchanger can comprise a series of three or more heat exchangers or a series of three or more heating sections.
The system further can comprise one or more separators configured for separating at least water from one or both of the first gas stream and the second gas stream.
The first compressor can comprise a multi-stage, intercooled compressor.
The second compressor can comprise an adiabatic, multi-stage compressor with no intercooling between compressor stages.
FIG. 3 is a flow diagram of a power production system and method according to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure including a plurality of compressors for compressing a recycle CO2 stream and deriving heat therefrom for input to a recuperator heat exchanger.
The present subject matter will now be described more fully hereinafter with reference to exemplary embodiments thereof. These exemplary embodiments are described so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete, and will fully convey the scope of the subject matter to those skilled in the art. Indeed, the subject matter can be embodied in many different forms and should not be construed as limited to the embodiments set forth herein; rather, these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will satisfy applicable legal requirements. As used in the specification, and in the appended claims, the singular forms “a”, “an”, “the”, include plural referents unless the context clearly dictates otherwise.
The present disclosure relates to systems and methods that provide power generation using predominantly CO2 as a working fluid. In particular, the process uses a high pressure/low pressure ratio turbine that expands a mixture of a high pressure recycle CO2 stream and combustion products arising from combustion of the fuel. Any fossil fuel, particularly carbonaceous fuels, may be used. Non-limiting examples include natural gas, compressed gases, fuel gases (e.g., comprising one or more of H2, CO, CH4, H2S, and NH3) and like combustible gases. Solid fuels—e.g., coal, lignite, petroleum coke, bitumen, biomass, and the like, or viscous liquid fuels may be used as well with incorporation of necessary system elements. For example, a partial oxidation combustor can be used to convert the solid or viscous liquid fuel to a fuel gas that is substantially free of solid particles. All fuel and combustion derived impurities in an oxidized state, such as sulfur compounds, NO, NO2, CO2, H2O, Hg, and the like can be separated from the power cycle for disposal with substantially or completely no emissions to the atmosphere. As noted previously, other fuels likewise may be utilized. Pure oxygen can be used as the oxidant in the combustion process. In some embodiments, combustion temperature may be regulated by diluting the oxygen with CO2 in ratios as otherwise noted herein.
The hot turbine exhaust is used to partially preheat the high pressure recycle CO2 stream. In combination with this heating, the recycle CO2 stream can be further heated using additive heating that can be derived from the compression energy of a CO2 compressor. The operating conditions for the CO2 compressor can vary as further described herein. For example, in some embodiments, it can be useful to utilize a CO2 compressor inlet temperature that is higher than normal approach to ambient cooling means. The minimum inlet temperature of the stream entering the CO2 compressor, for example, can be approximately the dew point of water at the operating conditions. In some embodiments, the CO2 compressor can have an inlet temperature of about 50° C. to about 250° C. Optionally other heating means providing heat at a temperature level below about 400° C. can be used in addition to the heating available from the CO2 compression. Such means can include heat transferred from the air compressors of a cryogenic air separation plant operating partially or completely in the adiabatic mode without intercooling. When such heat is utilized, the air compressors preferably can be operated with pressure ratios above 2.5 in the adiabatic stages.
It has been discovered according to the present disclosure that power production efficiency can be improved through provision of additive heating as defined herein, such additive heating particularly being provided at a temperature level below about 400° C. (e.g., in the range of about 100° C. to about 400° C.). The provision of the additive heating can overcome the large difference in the specific heat of CO2 at a typical high pressure turbine inlet of about 300 bar (30 MPa) and the specific heat of CO2 at a typical low pressure turbine exhaust pressure of about 30 bar (3 MPa). This difference is evident in the table provided below.
A power production method according to the present disclosure particularly can comprise a series of steps that can provide for improved efficiency. The method can comprise passing a compressed, heated recycle CO2 stream into a combustor. The compressed, heated recycle CO2 stream can be formed as further described below. In the combustor, a fuel can be combusted with the oxidant (e.g., oxygen of at least 98% or at least 99% purity, optionally diluted with CO2) in the presence of the recycle CO2 stream to produce a CO2 containing stream. The CO2 containing stream from the combustor can have a temperature of about 500° C. or greater (e.g., about 500° C. to about 1,700° C. or about 800° C. to about 1,600° C.) and a pressure of about 100 bar (10 MPa) or greater (e.g., about 100 bar (10 MPa) to about 500 bar (50 MPa)). The CO2 containing stream can be passed through a turbine to expand the CO2 containing stream, generate power, and form a turbine exhaust stream comprising CO2. The CO2 containing stream can be expanded across the turbine at a pressure ratio of less than 12 or less than 10 (e.g., about 5 to about 12). In alternate embodiments, high pressure ratios as noted herein may be used, such as in the case of utilizing a plurality of turbines, as described in U.S. Pat. Pub. No. 2013/0213049, the disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.
The turbine exhaust stream can be processed to remove combustion products and any net CO2 produced by combustion of the fuel. To this end, the turbine exhaust stream can be cooled by passage through a heat exchanger. Any heat exchanger suitable for use under the temperature and pressure conditions described herein can be utilized. In some embodiments, the heat exchanger can comprise a series of at least two, at least three, or even more economizer heat exchangers. A single heat exchanger with at least two sections, at least three sections (or even more sections) can be used. For example, the heat exchanger may be described has having at least three heat exchange sections operating across different temperature ranges. Withdrawn heat from the turbine exhaust stream can be utilized for heating the recycle CO2 stream as described below.
The turbine exhaust stream can be divided into two or more portions. The first portion can comprise 50% or greater, 70% or greater, or 90% or greater (but less than 100%) of the total mass flow of the turbine exhaust stream. The first turbine exhaust portion is cooled preferably at a temperature that is less than the water dew point after leaving the heat exchanger. The first turbine exhaust portion can be passed through a separator to remove water and can be further treated to remove other combustion products or impurities. The resulting stream can be described as a main recycle CO2 stream, and this stream can be compressed such as in a multi-stage compressor with intercooling between the stages. Preferably, the main recycle CO2 stream is compressed to a pressure of about 40 bar (4 MPa) to about 100 bar (10 MPa). In some embodiments, the main recycle CO2 stream is compressed to a pressure of about 60 bar (6 MPa) to about 100 bar (10 MPa) or about 67 bar (6.7 MPa) to about 80 bat (8 MPa).
The second portion of the turbine exhaust stream can be compressed to form a heated, compressed second turbine exhaust portion. The second turbine exhaust portion can comprise the balance of the turbine exhaust not present in the first portion (e.g., 50% or less, 30% or less, or 10% or less (but greater than 0%) of the total mass flow of the turbine exhaust stream). Preferably, the second turbine exhaust portion can be withdrawn from the turbine exhaust between the second and third heat exchange sections (e.g., the second and third heat exchangers in the series moving from hot to cold—in other words, the heat exchangers working between the lowest temperature and an intermediate temperature). The second turbine exhaust portion is preferably compressed so as to achieve a temperature in the range of about 100° C. to about 400° C. and a pressure of about 40 bar (4 MPa) to about 100 bar (10 MPa). In some embodiments, the pressure can be about 60 bar (6 MPa) to about 100 bar (10 MPa) or about 67 bat (6.7 MPa) to about 80 bar (8 MPa). The second turbine exhaust portion can be re-introduced to the heat exchanger, preferably passing from the hot end of the intermediate temperature heat exchanger to the cold end of the low temperature heat exchanger. The cooled second turbine exhaust portion can be at a temperature that is below the water dew point, and the cooled stream can be passed through one or more separators to remove water and any other impurities. The remaining stream is a secondary recycle CO2 stream, and it can be combined with the main recycle CO2 stream. Such combining can be at a variety of points. For example, the main recycle CO2 stream can be added to the cooled second portion of the turbine exhaust after passage through the low temperature heat exchanger and before passage through the separator. Alternatively, the main recycle CO2 stream and the secondary recycle CO2 stream can be combined after water separation or at another point of the cycle. Net CO2 produced from combustion can be withdrawn at this point, such as for use in enhanced oil recovery, for sequestration, or the like.
In some embodiments, the second turbine exhaust portion can be compressed using multi-stage compression wherein there is no inter-cooling between stages followed by inter-cooling between later stages. Compressed and heated gas of the second turbine exhaust portion exiting the non-cooled stages can be introduced to the heat exchanger as otherwise described above, and the so-cooled stream can be subjected to the inter-cooled compression before combining with the first turbine exhaust portion. The number of non-cooled stages (x) and inter-cooled stages (y) can independently be 1 or more, 2 or more, or 3 or more (e.g., 1 to 5 or 2 to 4).
The total recycle CO2 stream (formed of the main recycle CO2 stream and the secondary recycle CO2 stream) can be pumped to a pressure suitable for passage into the combustor. Preferably, the total recycle CO2 stream is pumped to a pressure of at 100 bar (10 MPa) or greater or about 200 bar (20 MPa) or greater, such as about 100 bar (10 MPa) to about 500 bar (50 MPa). The compressed recycle CO2 stream is then passed back through the heat exchangers to be heated. The compressed recycle CO2 stream is heated using the heat withdrawn from the turbine exhaust stream (which can be characterized as the heat of combustion that remains in the turbine exhaust stream). The heat in the turbine exhaust stream, however, is insufficient to achieve a close temperature approach between the turbine exhaust stream and the heated, compressed recycle CO2 stream at the hot end of the heat exchanger. According to the present disclosure, the heat from the compressed, second turbine exhaust portion can be used as additive heating to reduce the temperature differential between the turbine exhaust stream and the heated, compressed recycle CO2 stream leaving the heat exchanger and entering the combustor. The additive heating can be characterized as the heat of recompression and is separate from the heat of combustion that is present in the turbine exhaust. The use of the additive heating can be beneficial to reduce temperature differential between the turbine exhaust stream and the heated, compressed recycle CO2 stream leaving the heat exchanger and entering the combustor to about 50° C. or less, about 40° C. or less, or about 30° C. or less, such as about 10° C. to about 50° C., or about 20° C. to about 40° C.
In some embodiments, additive heating can be provided by other means in combination with or as an alternative to the heat of recompression. For example, heated CO2 from an external source can be utilized. Such external source can be, for example, CO2 withdrawn from a geological source, CO2 taken from a pipeline, or the like. In such embodiments, splitting of the turbine exhaust stream can be unnecessary, and the heated CO2 can be input to the system in the same manner as the heat of recompression described above. The additional CO2 can be withdrawn from the system with the net CO2 product and can be returned to the heat source. In such manner, a recycled CO2 from an external source completely outside of the power production system can be utilized as additive heating. Alternatively, part or all of the additive heating can be from a gas turbine exhaust or from a condensing stream.
An exemplary embodiment of a system according to the present disclosure is shown in FIG. 3. The embodiment is described in relation to an exemplary embodiment of a combustion method utilizing defined parameters. Specific temperatures and pressures thus can vary based upon the specific operation conditions.
In the embodiment of FIG. 3, a turbine exhaust stream 55 at 728° C. and 30 bar (3 MPa) passes through three economizer heat exchangers in series 29, 27, and 26 leaving as stream 46 at 46° C. and 29 bar (2.9 MPa). Heat exchanger 29 may be characterized as a high temperature heat exchanger, heat exchanger 27 may be characterized as an intermediate temperature heat exchanger, and heat exchanger 26 may be characterized as a low temperature heat exchanger. It is understood that the terms “high temperature,” “intermediate temperature,” and “low temperature,” are intended to only describe the operating temperature ranges of the three heat exchangers relative to one another. The stream 46 is cooled in a water cooled heat exchanger 58 to 17.2° C., and a condensed water stream 56 is separated in the phase separator vessel 53. An overhead CO2 gas stream 61 leaves the phase separator vessel 53 and enters a two stage centrifugal CO2 recycle compressor 21 (stage 1) and 22 (stage 2), wherein a discharge stream 44 from the first stage compressor 21 is cooled in an intercooler 23 to 17.2° C., exits as stream 45, and is then compressed in the second stage compressor 22 to form stream 48 at 80 bar (8 MPa). This main recycle compressor discharge stream 48 joins with stream 47, and the combined stream 69 is cooled in a water cooled heat exchanger 24 to a temperature of 22.7° C. In other embodiments, this temperature can be in the range of 10° C. to about 30° C. Condensed water 68 is separated in a phase separator 67 producing the total recycle CO2 stream 49, which is in the supercritical state and has a high density of 850 Kg/m3. A net product CO2 stream 62, equivalent to the carbon in the fuel gas converted to CO2 in the combustor, is removed from the system (after cooling, as illustrated, or before cooling) for sequestration, use in enhanced oil recovery, or the like.
The total recycle CO2 stream 49 is cooled in heat exchanger 70 to a temperature of 17.2° C. then enters a multi-stage centrifugal pump 25 with a discharge pressure of 305 bar (30.5 MPa) to from a high pressure CO2 recycle stream 50, which is heated in the three economizer heat exchangers in series 26, 27 and 29 leaving as stream 54 at a temperature of 725° C. and 302 bar (30.2 MPa). The stream 54 is heated to 1154° C. in combustor 30 by the direct combustion of a natural gas stream 40 with a 99.5% O2 stream 41, both at 320 bar (32 MPa). In the exemplified embodiment, modeling was done with pure CH4 as the fuel gas. The mixed stream of recycle CO2 and combustion products 57 enters a power turbine 31 with a discharge pressure of 30 bar (3 MPa) and exits as turbine exhaust stream 55.
As seen in the table above, the difference in the specific heat of CO2 at 300 bar (30 MPa) and 30 bar (3 MPa) increases as the temperature drops from 1000 K (727° C.). In light of this difference, additive heating is required to achieve a very close temperature approach between the turbine exhaust stream 55 and the recycle CO2 stream 54, and such additive heating can be supplied, for example, in the “low temperature” economizer heat exchanger 26 and/or the “intermediate temperature” economizer heat exchanger 27. According to the present disclosure, the additive heating can be provided by utilizing the adiabatic heat of compression of part of the recycle CO2 stream which, in the exemplary embodiment, is compressed to a pressure of about 29 bar (2.9 MPa) to about 80 bar (8 MPa).
Returning to the exemplary embodiment of FIG. 3, a portion of the cooling turbine exhaust stream 51 between the two economizer heat exchanger sections 27 and 26 at a temperature of 138° C. can be withdrawn and compressed in a single stage or multi-stage adiabatic compressor 28 producing stream 52 at 246° C. and 80 bar (8 MPa). The compressed and heated stream 52 re-enters the hot end of economizer heat exchanger 27, and the stream is passed through heat exchanger 27 and heat exchanger 26 where it cools and leaves as stream 47 at 54° C. The entire heat of compression in compressor 28 supplied by work stream 34 is thusly transferred to the high pressure recycle CO2 stream, and this heat input is equivalent to heat of combustion delivered in the combustor 30 since it reduces the hot end temperature difference. The flow-rate of stream 51 is maximized to achieve a significantly small temperature difference between streams 65 and 66 at the inlet to the high temperature economizer heat exchanger 29. This temperature difference between streams 65 and 66 preferably is about 50° C. or less, about 40° C. or less, about 30° C. or less, about 20° C. or less, particularly about 10° C. to about 50° C., or about 20° C. to about 40° C. As discussed above, stream 47 joins with the main recycle compressor discharge stream 48 for cooling in heat exchanger 24 to 22.7° C. The additive heating provide by CO2 compression as described above provides for increased efficiency in the power production system.
Note that other sources of low temperature level heating (e.g., gas turbine exhaust or condensing stream) can be utilized as the additive heating. The exemplary embodiment of FIG. 3 includes the cryogenic air separation plant 81 main air flow 42 a which has been adiabatically compressed to 5.7 bar (0.57 MPa) and 223° C. entering the hot end of economizer heat exchanger 27 as stream 42 and leaving heat exchanger 26 as stream 43 at 54° C. In some embodiments, stream 42 may arise from stream 42 b, which is illustrated as heat derived from a gas turbine 83. Although not illustrated in FIG. 3, in some embodiments, the O2 stream can be supplied from the air separation plant at 80 bar (8 MPa) and ambient temperature and can be mixed with CO2 from stream 49 to give 25 mol % O2 that can be compressed to 320 bar (32 MPa) before being heated to 725° C. in the economizer heat exchangers 27, 26 and 29. In practice, this CO2+O2 compressor can also feature a hot gas compressor section as has been shown for the CO2 recycle compressor. In FIG. 3, cooling water inlet streams are represented as streams 38, 59, 72, and 36, while the respective outlet streams are represented as streams 39, 60, 74, and 37. The compressor power inputs are illustrated in FIG. 3 as elements 32 and 34, and such power inputs may be electric or may be turbine driven. The CO2 pump electric power input is illustrated as element 33. The turbine shaft power output is illustrated as element 64 from the generator 63.
The exemplary embodiment described was evaluated with ASPEN modeling software using actual machine efficiencies, heat exchanger temperature differences, and system pressure drops giving a net efficiency of 58.5% (LHV basis). The calculation was based on a thermal input of 500 MW to the combustor 30.
Although the disclosed systems and methods may be particularly applicable to combustion systems and methods for power production, a broader application to efficient heating of a gas stream is also encompassed. As such, in some embodiments, the present disclosure can relate to a method for heating a gas stream, and particularly for heating a recirculating gas stream. The recirculating gas stream may be any gas stream that is continuously cycle through stages of heating and cooling, optionally including stages of compression and expansion.
A gas stream G that may be subject to heating according to the present disclosure may be any gas; however, it can be particularly advantageous for the gas stream G to comprise CO2, such as being at least about 10%, at least about 25%, at least about 50%, at least about 75%, or at least about 90% by mass CO2. A recirculating gas stream G particularly may be at increased temperature T1 (e.g., about 500° C. to about 1700° C.) and a pressure P1 that enables forming a desired amount of heat of compression—e.g., a pressure of less than about 40 bar (4 MPa). The gas stream G at pressure P1 and temperature T1 can be cooled, such as by passage through a recuperative heat exchanger. Preferably, cooling is such that the gas stream G is cooled to a temperature T2 that is less than T1. In some embodiments, cooling can be carried out using a series of multiple heat exchangers (e.g., 2, 3, or more heat exchangers) or using a heat exchanger that includes a plurality of heat exchange sections or using a combination thereof. The individual heat exchangers (or heat exchange sections) can exchange heat at different temperature ranges, which ranges may overlap. Use of multiple heat exchangers and/or heat exchange sections enables streams to be added or withdrawn at different temperature ranges.
The gas stream G can be separated into a first fraction G1 and a second fraction G2. Such separation can occur after the gas stream G has been cooled to the temperature T2 or to an intermediate temperature Tint that is between T1 and T2. The temperature T2, for example, can be the temperature at the cold end of the recuperative heat exchanger (or the heat exchanger or heat exchange section working over the lowest temperature range), and the temperature Tint, for example, can be a temperature at the cold end of a second heat exchanger (or second heat exchange section) in a series of three or more heat exchangers (or heat exchange sections). Preferably, the second gas fraction G2 can be withdrawn at an intermediate temperature prior to further cooling of the first gas fraction G1. After the gas stream fraction G1 has been cooled, it can then be compressed to a greater pressure P2 that preferably can be greater than P1. Such compression, for example, can be carried out with a multi-stage compressor that is intercooled. The pressure P3 can be, for example, about 40 bar (4 MPa) to about 100 bar (10 MPa), about 60 bar (6 MPa) to about 100 bar (10 MPa) or about 67 bar (6.7 MPa) to about 80 bat (8 MPa).
The withdrawn gas stream fraction G2 can be separately compressed to a pressure P3 that also preferably is greater than P1. The pressure P3 can be in the same range of pressure P2; however, P2 and P3 do not necessarily need to be identical. In some embodiments, the gas stream fraction G2 can be compressed using adiabatic compression with no intercooling so as to heat the gas stream fraction G2 to a temperature T3 that is greater than T2. In embodiments wherein the gas stream fraction G2 can be withdrawn at the intermediate temperature Tint, T3 preferably is greater than Tint. The heat from the compressed gas stream fraction G2 can be withdrawn and used as additive heating to the recirculating gas stream as further described below.
After the compression heat has been withdrawn from gas stream fraction G2, the gas stream fraction G1 and the gas stream fraction G2 can be combined to form a combined recirculating gas stream GC. The recirculating gas stream GC will have a pressure that is substantially similar to the pressure P2 and/or P3 and can be pumped to a greater pressure P4 that is greater than P2 and greater than P3. Such pumping is desirable is the recirculating gas stream GC is being utilized in a high pressure application. In some embodiments, however, the pressure P2 and/or P3 may be suitable and no further compression may be required.
The recirculating gas stream GC (optionally at the pressure P4) can be passed to the recuperative heat exchanger such that the gas stream GC is heated by the cooling gas stream G. The heat withdrawn from the compressed gas stream fraction G2 can be added to the recirculating gas stream GC. Such additive heating can be carried out after pumping to pressure P4. In some embodiments, the additive heating can be carried out in the recuperative heat exchanger. For example, if a single recuperative heat exchanger is used, the heat of compressed gas stream fraction G2 can be input to the heat exchanger at a suitable point to provide the additive heating to the recirculating gas stream GC in the desired temperature range. In embodiments wherein a plurality of heat exchanger (or heat exchange sections) are used, the heat of compressed gas stream fraction G2 can be added to one or more of the lower temperature heat exchangers (or heat exchange sections). For example, during compression, gas stream fraction G2 can be heated to a temperature in the range of about 100° C. to about 400° C., and the heat from the compressed gas stream fraction G2 can be added to one or more heat exchangers (or heat exchange sections) working in this temperature range. In FIG. 3, for example, compressed gas stream fraction G2 would equate to stream 52, which is passed through heat exchangers 26 and 27, which are working at a lower temperature range than heat exchanger 29. Generally, a series of heat exchangers such as illustrated in FIG. 3, comprises three heat exchangers that each transfer in separate temperature ranges (which ranges may overlap). In the example of FIG. 3, heat exchanger 29 can be characterized as operating in a temperature range R1, heat exchanger 27 can be characterized as operating in a temperature range R2, and heat exchanger 26 can be characterized as operating in a temperature range R3. As illustrated, since heat exchanger 29 is at the hot end of the series and heat exchanger 26 is at the cold end of the series, the temperature relationship of the series of heat exchangers would be R1>R2>R3.
The use of the additive heating provided by the compression heat in compressed gas stream fraction G2 can be beneficial to bring the temperature of the combined recirculating gas stream GC significantly close to the temperature of gas stream G prior to cooling. For example, the recirculating gas stream GC after passing through the recuperative heat exchanger and receiving the heat from the compressed gas fraction G2 can have a temperature T4 that is within 50° C. of T1. Typically, the temperature T4 of recirculating gas stream GC after passing through the recuperative heat exchanger will remain below T1. In such embodiments, recirculating gas stream GC after passing through the recuperative heat exchanger and receiving the heat from the compressed gas fraction G2 can have a temperature T4 that is less than T1 by no more than 50° C.
The approach of T4 to T1 can be further improved through addition of heat from one or more additional sources. Such additional heat source can comprise any device or combination of devices configured to impart heating to a stream that is sufficient to heat a gas stream as described herein so that the gas stream achieves the desired quality and quantity of heat. As non-limiting examples, the additional heat source can be one or more of a combustion heat source, a solar heat source, a nuclear heat source, a geothermal heat source, and an industrial waste heat source. The additional heat source may include a heat exchanger, a heat pump, a power producing device, and any further combination of elements (e.g., piping and the like) suitable to form, provide, or deliver the necessary heat.
The method for heating a recirculating gas stream can further comprise one or more steps. For example, the gas stream G may be a stream exiting a turbine. As such, the pressure P1 of gas stream G can be less than an earlier pressure P0 of the gas stream before passage through the turbine. In some embodiments, P0 can be substantially similar to P4 (e.g., within 10%, within 5%, or within 2% thereof). In some embodiments, recirculating gas stream GC can be subjected to a superheating step after exiting the hot end of the heat exchanger (i.e., after being re-heated in the heat exchanger and receiving the additive heat of compression from G2). For example, recirculating gas stream GC can be heated with heat of combustion, with solar heating, with nuclear heating, with geothermal heating, with industrial waste heating, or with any combination thereof. In some embodiments, recirculating gas stream GC can be so-heated and then passed through a turbine for expansion and power production. The stream leaving the turbine may then be characterized again as gas stream G.
Many modifications and other embodiments of the presently disclosed subject matter will come to mind to one skilled in the art to which this subject matter pertains having the benefit of the teachings presented in the foregoing descriptions and the associated drawings. Therefore, it is to be understood that the present disclosure is not to be limited to the specific embodiments described herein and that modifications and other embodiments are intended to be included within the scope of the appended claims. Although specific terms are employed herein, they are used in a generic and descriptive sense only and not for purposes of limitation.
wherein at least a portion of the amount of heat withdrawn from the compressed gas stream fraction G2 is added to the combined recirculating gas stream GC after pumping to pressure P4.
2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the temperature T3 is 100° C. to 400° C.
3. The method according to claim 1, wherein the pressure P2 of gas stream fraction G1 and the pressure P3 of gas stream fraction G2 are each separately 40 bar (4 MPa) to 100 bar (10 MPa).
4. The method according to claim 1, wherein the pressure P4 of the recirculating gas stream GC is 100 bar (10 MPa) to 500 bar (50 MPa).
5. The method according to claim 1, wherein a mass ratio of gas fraction G1 to gas fraction G2 based on a total mass of gas stream G is 50:50 to 99:1.
6. The method according to claim 1, wherein the combined recirculating gas stream GC after passing through the recuperative heat exchanger and receiving the heat from the compressed gas fraction G2 has a temperature T4 that is within 50° C. of T1.
7. The method according to claim 1, wherein gas stream fraction G2 is compressed with multi-stage compression with no intercooling.
8. The method according to claim 1, wherein after withdrawing heat from gas stream fraction G2, the gas stream fraction G2 is further compressed before combining with gas stream fraction G1.
9. The method according to claim 1, wherein the recuperative heat exchanger comprises three heat exchangers or three heat exchange sections in series, such that heat is transferred in a first heat exchanger or heat exchange section operating in temperature range R1, a second heat exchanger or heat exchange section operating in temperature range R2, and a third heat exchanger or heat exchange section operating in temperature range R3 with the temperature relationship of R1>R2>R3.
10. The method according to claim 9, wherein the gas stream G is separated between the first heat exchanger or heat exchange section and the second heat exchanger or heat exchange section.
11. The method according to claim 9, wherein the gas stream G is separated between the second heat exchanger or heat exchange section and the third heat exchanger or heat exchange section.
12. The method according to claim 9, wherein the heat withdrawn from the compressed gas stream fraction G2 is added to the recirculating gas stream GC in one or both of the third heat exchanger or heat exchange section and the second heat exchanger or heat exchange section.
13. The method according to claim 1, further comprising adding heat to the recirculating gas stream GC after pumping to pressure P4, wherein the heat that is added is derived from one or both of an air separation unit and a gas turbine.
14. The method according to claim 1, further comprising passing the combined recirculating gas stream GC from the recuperative heat exchanger to a combustor that combusts a fuel with oxygen to form a combustion product stream.
15. The method according to claim 1, wherein the gas stream G is a turbine exhaust stream.
further heating the combined recycle CO2 stream with heat withdrawn from the heated, compressed second turbine exhaust portion.
17. The method according to claim 16, wherein the CO2 containing combustion stream has a temperature of 500° C. to 1,700° C. and a pressure of 100 bar (10 MPa) to 500 bar (50 MPa).
18. The method according to claim 16, wherein a pressure ratio across the turbine is 5 to 12.
19. The method according to claim 16, wherein the heat from the turbine exhaust stream is withdrawn in a recuperative heat exchanger comprising three or more sections or comprising three or more individual heat exchangers.
20. The method according to claim 19, wherein heating the combined recycle CO2 stream with heat withdrawn from the turbine exhaust stream and further heating the combined recycle CO2 stream with heat withdrawn from the heated, compressed second turbine exhaust portion is carried out in the recuperative heat exchanger.
21. The method according to claim 16, wherein a mass ratio of the first turbine exhaust portion to the second turbine exhaust portion based on a total mass of the turbine exhaust stream is 50:50 to 99:1.
22. The method according to claim 16, wherein the heat from the heated, compressed second turbine exhaust portion is withdrawn in a temperature range of 100° C. to 400° C.
23. The method according to claim 16, wherein the main recycle CO2 stream and the second turbine exhaust portion are independently compressed to a pressure of 40 bar (4 MPa) to 100 bar (10 MPa).
24. The method according to claim 16, wherein the combined recycle CO2 stream after heating with heat withdrawn from the turbine exhaust stream and further heating with heat withdrawn from the heated, compressed second turbine exhaust portion has a temperature that is within 50° C. of the temperature of the turbine exhaust stream.
25. The method according to claim 16, wherein the second turbine exhaust portion is compressed adiabatically with no intercooling between compressor stages.
wherein the first flow path and the third flow path are configured for heating the second flow path.
27. The power generating system according to claim 26, wherein the recuperative heat exchanger comprises a series of three or more heat exchangers or a series of three or more heating sections.
28. The power generating system according to claim 26, further comprising one or more separators configured for separating at least water from one or both of the first gas stream and the second gas stream.
29. The power generating system according to claim 26, wherein the first compressor comprises a multi-stage, intercooled compressor.
30. The power generating system according to claim 26, wherein the second compressor comprises an adiabatic, multi-stage compressor with no intercooling between compressor stages.
(IAEA) Moisseytsev et al., "Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Brayton Cycle for SFR Applications: Optimization, Transient Analysis, and Control," IAEA International Atomic Energy Agency, Proceedings of an International Conference: Fast Reactors and Related Fuel Cycles: Challenges and Opportunities FR13, Paris, France, Mar. 4, 12013, XP040574212, pp. 1-10.
Bryant et al., "An Analysis and Comparison of the Simple and Recompression Supercritial CO2 Cycles," Supercritial CO2 Power Cycle Symposium,May 25, 2011. XP055218674, pp. 1-8.
E.I. Yantovskii et al., "Computer Exergonomics of Power Plants Without Exhaust Gases," Energy Convers. Mgmt., Publ. 1992, vol. 33, No. 5-8, pp. 405-412.
Hong et al., "Analysis of Oxy-Fuel Combustion Power Cycle Utilizing a Pressurized Coal Combustor," Energy, Available Online Jun. 21, 2009, pp. 1332-1340, vol. 34, No. 9.
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0.999323 |
Cite this article as: Brehmer D. Laryngopharyngeal Reflux: What Do We Know?. Ann Clin Case Rep. 2017; 2: 1345.
Laryngopharyngeal Reflux (LPR) is understood as a backflow of gastric contents (acid and pepsin) of liquid or aerosol to the supraesophageal organs. Synonyms for LPR are extraesophageal reflux, supraesophageal reflux, gastropharyngeal reflux, atypical reflux, silent reflux, laryngeal reflux and pharyngoesophageal reflux. Hereinafter the term laryngopharyngeal reflux will be used. This term was also used in the position paper of the committee on speech, voice and swallowing disorders of the American Academy of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery . Unlike gastroesophageal reflux, LPR is not necessarily associated with the three guiding symptoms heartburn, acid reflux and regurgitation. LPR offers a variety of symptoms like throat clearing, mouth burning, globus, hoarseness, dysphagia, cough unknown genesis even in children, paroxysmal laryngospasm and dental erosions [1,2]. Each of the symptoms listed above can indeed point to an LPR but they are not specific to it. Every single symptom may have a different cause, e.g. infections, vocal overuse or misuse, allergies, smoking, inhalation of environmental irritants, alcohol abuse, drugs, tumors, psychosomatic disorders and others. Symptoms may be unreliable. Therefore and to objectify LPR a valid examination method with reproducible results is mandatory.
Gastroesophageal reflux (GERD) disease occurs mainly in supine position and LPR almost always in upright position [3,4]. LPR does not commonly appear in the context of food ingestion. In LPR the reflux is often an aerosol and not liquid as it is in GERD. This is a more plausible explanation of the presence of refluxate deep in the lungs [5,6]. There is strong evidence that LPR favors a number of other diseases such as asthma, obstructive sleep apnea, subglottic stenosis, chronic rhinosinusitis or otitis media with effusion in children [7-11]. Patients with the above mentioned symptoms represent approximately 10% of all patients presented in an ENT-clinic . It is assumed that between about 50 and 80% of the patients with voice disorders also have laryngopharyngeal reflux [12,13]. The pathogenesis of reflux disease is complex. In LPR the primary disorder is often a disturbed function of the upper esophageal sphincter (UES) . Up to 50 reflux episodes a day are considered normal for the esophagus. For the laryngeal mucosa, three reflux episodes are sufficient to induce inflammation and a significant disease . In the esophagus pepsin can cause damage if the pH is less than 4, but in the supraesophageal regions like the laryngeal mucosa damage caused by pepsin can occur at higher pH. Chronic pepsin exposure as a result of LPR plays a significant role in laryngopharyngeal carcinogenesis . Pepsin has a maximum activity at pH 2.0 and is inactive at pH 6.5 or higher, but it remains stable until pH 8.0 and can be reactivated when the pH is reduced . Sandner “et al.” demonstrated that human gastric juice increased the number of DNAstand breaks at pH 4.5 and 5.5 in epithelial cell cultures.
Really remarkable is, that refluxate always contains pepsin, even if devoid of acid (as might happen on high dose proton pump inhibitor (PPI) treatment), the enzyme will still be damaging if reflux reaches the extraesophageal areas . Thus the LPR is not only a disorder which affects the quality of life, but can also become a serious disease. The diagnostic investigation of LPR is challenging. The medical history is not pointing the way. No matter how long the symptoms like hoarseness or others already existed or how stressful these have been felt by the patients, a correlation between the presence of LPR and symptoms could not be detected [4,19]. The duration and intensity of symptoms could not show a correlation with the presence of LPR. Some authors report about a correlation of laryngeal mucosal changes such as redness, edema of the arytenoids or a cobblestone appearance of the interarytenoid area and LPR. But laryngeal findings attributed to LPR can be found in 86% of normal controls . These findings are not specific. The use of questionnaires does not lead to a valid diagnosis. There are two recommended questionnaires. The usefulness of these questionnaires is controversially discussed .
Until now it was impossible objectively to prove LPR. There are difficulties with traditional pH probes, they are positioned too low in the esophagus to detect LPR. The usual esophagus pH-probes must be rinsed with liquid all the time. If a proximal probe from beneath UES to above UES is re-positioned, it does not provide valid measurements anymore. The sensor will dry out due to air contact. Mucosal contact in the esophagus can mask reflux events. Esophageal pH testing using pH catheters, once considered the gold standard for diagnosing GERD, have not shown usable sensitivity and specificity for LPR patients . Meanwhile, there is an oropharyngeal pH probe system for the evaluation of pH values in the region of interest. The restech Dx-pH-probe is inserted transnasally into the oropharynx behind the uvula. This is easily confirmed by visualization of the red LED on the tip of the catheter. At a frequency with two Hz the pH is measured. The transmission of the data is wireless to a recorder . The patients wore the probes for 24 hours before removal.
The sensor detects aerosolized and liquid acid /alkaline and is specially developed for the pharynx. It does not require immersion in liquid. It is an easy minimal invasive application. In our experience patients show excellent acceptance of the pharyngeal probe. Measurement take place at the region of interest namely in the pharynx. Symptoms of laryngopharyngeal reflux are more prevalent in patients with esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) than typical GERD symptoms and may represent the only sign of disease . So Reavis “et al.” figured out that the presence of LPR symptoms better identifies patients with existing cancer at an earlier stage than typical GERD symptoms. Just to remember the growing prevalence of EAC in the Western World, which shows the highest increase of 850 % since 1975 . Unfortunately despite the immeasurable advantages of the pharyngeal 24-pH- monitoring there is no stated consensus in diagnosis of LPR. But this is not an uncommon phenomenon, when a new insight starts to clear things and correct previous accepted untested truths.
In different guidelines in different countries the empiric treatment with proton pump inhibitor as a diagnostic tool is still recommended. Empiric treatment with proton pump inhibitor is not without side effects . For the diagnosis of LPR is it no help to identify nonresponder to PPI. Empiric treatment can make healthy people sick. The unreflected medication with proton pump inhibitor may cause reflux in normal volunteers. Reimer “et al.” demonstrated in their study that proton pump inhibitor therapy for 8 weeks induces acid-related symptoms in healthy volunteers after withdrawal. Their results support the hypothesis Rebound Acid Hypersecretion (RAHS) has clinical consequences. Testing the therapeutic indication prior prescribing drugs for empiric trial saves money and provides a faster diagnosis and improved outcome. A definite diagnosis improves the adherence to the selected therapy. A negative result in the pharyngeal 24-pH- monitoring can exclude LPR as a cause of unspecific symptoms. Recently published studies indicate the benefit of this system as a tool in detecting LPR and its ability to predict responsiveness to medical and surgical therapy .
Big advantage of the pharyngeal 24-pH-monitoring is the objective proof of LPR at the region of interest that medically non-indicated empirical drug treatments – e.g. with proton pump inhibitor – can be avoided and the patient thus be protected from their known side effects.
Koufman JA. The otolaryngologic manifestations of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD): a clinical investigation of 225 patients using ambulatory 24 hour pH monitoring and an experimental investigation of the role of acid and pepsin in the development laryngeal injury. Laryngoscope. 2000; 101(52): 1–78.
Kopka M, Małecka M, Stelmach I. Chronic cough as a symptom of laryngopharyngeal reflux--two case reports. Pneumonol Alergol Pol. 2016;84(1):29-32.
Patigaroo Indian J SA, Hashmi SF, Hasan SA, Ajmal MR, Mehfooz N. Clinical manifestations and role of proton pump inhibitors in the management of laryngopharyngeal reflux. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2011;63(2):182-9.
Brehmer D. Results of Pharyngeal 24-pH- Monitoring in Patients with Laryngopharyngeal Reflux. IFOS, 20th World Congress Seoul Korea. 2013.
D'Ovidio F, Mura M, Tsang M, Waddell TK, Hutcheon MA, Singer LG, et al. Bile acid aspiration and the development of bronchiolitis obliterans after lung transplantation. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2005;129(5):1144-52.
Ward C, Forrest IA, Brownlee IA, Johnson GE, Murphy DM, Pearson JP, et al. Pepsin like activity in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid is suggestive of gastric aspiration in lung allografts. Thorax. 2005;60(10):872-4.
Sandur V, Murugesh M, Banait V, Rathi PM, Bhatia SJ, Joshi JM, et al. Prevalence of gastro-esophageal reflux disease in patients with difficult to control asthma and effect of proton pump inhibitor therapy on asthma symptoms, reflux symptoms, pulmonary function and requirement for asthma medications. J Postgrad Med. 2014;60(3):282-6.
Eskiizmir G, Kezirian E. Is there a vicious cycle between obstructive sleep apnea and laryngopharyngeal reflux disease?. Med Hypotheses. 2009;73(5):706-8.
Blumin JH, Johnston N. Evidence of extraesophageal reflux in idiopathic subglottic stenosis. Laryngoscope. 2011;121(6):1266-73.
Leason SR, Barham HP, Oakley G, Rimmer J, DelGaudio JM, Christensen JM, et al. Association of gastro-oesophageal reflux and chronic rhinosinusitis: systematic review and meta-analysis. Rhinology 2017;55(1):3-16.
Górecka-Tuteja A, Jastrzębska I, Składzień J, Fyderek K. Laryngopharyngeal reflux in children with chronic otitis media with effusion. J Neurogastroenterol Motil. 2016;22(3):452-8.
Pearson JP, Parikh S, Orlando RC, Johnston N, Allen J, Tinling SP, et al. Review article: reflux and its consequences–the laryngeal, pulmonary and oesophageal manifestations. Conference held in conjunction with the 9th International Symposium on Human Pepsin (ISHP) Kingstonupon-Hull, UK, 21–23 April 2010. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2011;33(1):1-71.
Lechien JR, Finck C, Costa de Araujo P, Huet K, Delvaux V, Piccaluga M, et al. Voice outcomes of laryngopharyngeal reflux treatment: a systematic review of 1483 patients. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol. 2017; 274(1):1-23.
Szczesniak MM, Williams RB, Cook IJ. Mechanisms of esophagopharyngeal acid regurgitation in human subjects. PLoS One. 2011;6(7):e22630.
Kelly EA, Samuels TL, Johnston N. Chronic pepsin exposure promotes anchorage-independent growth and migration of a hypopharyngeal squamous cell line. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2014;150(4):618-24.
Johnston N, Dettmar PW, Bishwokarma B, Lively MO, Koufman JA. Activity/stability of human pepsin: implications for reflux attributed laryngeal disease. Laryngoscope. 2007;117(6):1036-9.
Sandner A, Illert J, Koitzsch S, Unverzagt S, Schön I. Reflux induces DNA strand breaks and expression changes of MMP1+9+14 in a human miniorgan culture model. Exp Cell Res. 2013;319(19): 2905-15.
Bardhan KD, Strugala V, Dettmar PW. Reflux revisited: advancing the role of pepsin. Int J Otolaryngol. 2012;2012:646901.
Hicks DM, Ours TM, Abelson TI, Vaezi MF, Richter JE. The prevalence of hypopharynx findings associated with gastroesophageal reflux in normal volunteers. J Voice. 2002;16(4):564–79.
Muderris T, Gokcan MK, Yorulmaz I. The clinical value of pharyngeal pH monitoring using a double-probe, triple-sensor catheter in patients with laryngopharyngeal reflux. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2009;135(2):163-7.
Sun G, Muddana S, Slaughter JC, Casey S, Hill E, Farrokhi F, et al. A new pH catheter for laryngopharyngeal reflux: Normal values. Laryngoscope. 2009;119(8):1639-43.
Reavis KM, Morris CD, Gopal DV, Hunter JG, Jobe BA. Laryngopharyngeal reflux symptoms better predict the presence of esophageal adenocarcinoma than typical gastroesophageal reflux symptoms. Ann Surg. 2004; 239(6):849-56.
Pohl H, Welch HG. The role of over diagnosis and reclassification in the marked increase of esophageal adenocarcinoma incidence. J Natl Cancer Inst. 2005;97(2):142-6.
Fisher L, Fisher A. Acid-suppressive therapy and risk of infections: Pros and cons. Clin Drug Investig. 2017.
Reimer C, Søndergaard B, Hilsted L, Bytzer P. Proton-pump inhibitor therapy induces acid-related symptoms in healthy volunteers after withdrawal of therapy. Gastroenterology. 2009;137(1):80-7.
Patel DA, Harb AH, Vaezi MF. Oropharyngeal reflux monitoring and atypical gastroesophageal reflux disease. Curr Gastroenterol Rep. 2016;18(3):12.
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Leonard Pershing Guarente (born 1952) is an American biologist best known for his research on life span extension in the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, roundworms (Caenorhabditis elegans), and mice. He is a Novartis Professor of Biology at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology.
Leonard Guarente was born and raised in Revere, Massachusetts and was the first person in his family to attend college, when he started his undergraduate work at MIT in 1970. He earned his PhD at MIT, studying under Jon Beckwith and Mark Ptashne. and he did a post doc at Harvard.
MIT hired Guarente and he opened his own lab in 1981; he won tenure there in 1986. For the first nine years, his lab studied gene regulation in yeast.
In 1991 his lab started to study genes involved in aging. In 1993, Cynthia Kenyon's lab at UCSF discovered that a single-gene mutation in (Daf-2) could double the lifespan of C. elegans. That same year, David Sinclair joined the Guarente lab, and they developed the hypothesis that caloric restriction slows aging by activation of sirtuins. The Kenyon and Guarente labs came to lead the field studying the genetics of aging.
In 1995 the Guarente lab identified the gene SIR4 (Silent information regulator 4) as a longevity regulator. When SIRT4 was mutated in a single cell organism S. cerevisiae longevity was extended. It was later determined that the complex of SIR2 and SIR4 are responsible for longevity phenotype, and that over-expression of SIR2 alone was sufficient to extend lifespan. Moreover, scientists in Guarente laboratory determined that SIR2 is necessary for longevity extension by calorie restriction.
In 1999, Guarente and Kenyon became co-founders of Elixir Pharmaceuticals, which aimed to develop drugs targeting sirtuin; Guarente left the company seven years later after he disagreed with venture capitalists who had gained control of the company about the focus of the company.
In 2000 the Guarente laboratory published work identifying SIR2's activity as a NAD+-dependent protein deacetylase. This NAD dependence explained how SIR2 could connect diet to physiology and suggested the mechanism by which calorie restriction could extend the lifespan of some organisms.
Guarente made the case that involvement of SIR2 in metabolism and lifespan is conserved in other organisms. In round worm, Guarente reported that Caenorhabditis elegans, expression of SIR2 (sir2.1) is sufficient to extend longevity and in the fruit fly, Drosophila melanogaster, overexpression of SIR2 was also reported to extended lifespan. However, other groups have disputed this finding and showed that SIR2-expression does not cause lifespan extension in worms or flies. Overexpression of SIRT1 (mammalian sir2 homolog) does not extend lifespan. Several of Guarente's high profile publications on SIRT1 have been retracted or corrected.
Guarente wrote an autobiography in 2003 titled Ageless Quest: One Scientist's Search for Genes That Prolong Youth.
Guarente's rivalry with Sinclair, which began in 2002 when Sinclair challenged Guarante's description of how sir2 might be involved in aging at a scientific meeting at Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, was the subject of an article in Science in 2004.
In 2014 Guarente co-founded the dietary supplement company Elysium Health.
^ a b Bolino, August C. (2012). Men of Massachusetts: Bay State Contributors to American Society. p. 426. ISBN 1475933762.
^ "Popular paper by famous longevity researcher gets mega-correction". Retraction Watch. 2016-03-08. Retrieved 2017-08-13.
^ "Leonard Guarente". Big Think. Retrieved 2017-08-13.
^ "Leonard P. Guarente | MIT Biology". biology.mit.edu. Retrieved 2017-08-13.
^ a b c d Trafton, Anne (September 15, 2009). "In Profile: Leonard Guarente". MIT News Office.
^ a b c Wade, Nicholas (26 September 2000). "Scientist at Work: Leonard Guarente; Searching for Genes to Slow the Hands of Biological Time". The New York Times.
^ Johnson, Thomas E. (April 2004). "Book Reviews: The Start of Anti-Aging Medicine?". The Gerontologist. 44 (2): 270–273. doi:10.1093/geront/44.2.270. ISSN 1758-5341.
^ a b Duncan, David Ewing (August 15, 2007). "The Enthusiast". MIT Technology Review.
^ Solomon, Lewis D. (2017). The Quest for Human Longevity: Science, Business, and Public Policy. Routledge. ISBN 9781351475594.
^ Kennedy, B.K.; et al. (1995). "Mutation in the silencing gene SIR4 can delay aging in S. cerevisiae". Cell. 80 (3): 485–96. doi:10.1016/0092-8674(95)90499-9.
^ a b Wallace, Benjamin. "An MIT Scientist Claims That This Pill Is the Fountain of Youth". New York Magazine.
^ Imai, S.; et al. (2000). "Transcriptional silencing and longevity protein Sir2 is an NAD-dependent histone deacetylase". Nature. 403 (6771): 795–800. doi:10.1038/35001622. PMID 10693811.
^ Tissenbaum, H.A.; L. Guarente (2001). "Increased dosage of a sir-2 gene extends lifespan in Caenorhabditis elegans". Nature. 410 (6825): 227–30. doi:10.1038/35065638. PMID 11242085.
^ Rogina, B.; S.L. Helfand (2004). "Sir2 mediates longevity in the fly through a pathway related to calorie restriction". Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 101 (45): 15998–6003. doi:10.1073/pnas.0404184101. PMC 528752. PMID 15520384.
^ Burnett, Camilla; Valentini, Sara; Cabreiro, Filipe; Goss, Martin; Somogyvári, Milán; Piper, Matthew D.; Hoddinott, Matthew; Sutphin, George L.; Leko, Vid (2011-09-21). "Absence of effects of Sir2 over-expression on lifespan in C. elegans and Drosophila". Nature. 477 (7365): 482–485. doi:10.1038/nature10296. ISSN 0028-0836. PMC 3188402. PMID 21938067.
^ Bordone, L.; et al. (2007). "SIRT1 transgenic mice show phenotypes resembling calorie restriction". Aging Cell. 6 (6): 759–67. doi:10.1111/j.1474-9726.2007.00335.x.
^ Palus, Author Shannon (2016-03-08). "Popular paper by famous longevity researcher gets mega-correction". Retraction Watch. Retrieved 2019-04-02.
^ Couzin, J (27 February 2004). "Scientific community. Aging research's family feud". Science. 303 (5662): 1276–9. doi:10.1126/science.303.5662.1276. PMID 14988530.
^ Ramsey, Lydia. "A startup that's developed an anti-aging supplement just raised $20 million". Business Insider.
This page was last edited on 2 April 2019, at 00:53 (UTC).
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We are the youth of digital era or we can say we are the people of 21st Century. We don't have and orthodox thinking; neither do we have a dogmatic approach towards life. We don't believe that stars or a heavenly body determines our future. It's us, who live in the present and create our own beautiful future. We try to see life above all superstitions and wrong customs. But yes, we sometimes peep ina news paper now and then or in magazines just to know what our hosroscope says or sometimes only to see the lucky number and lucky colour of the day. And what's wrong? After all we are human beings, who are always curious to know the future beforehand. Plus this is also science. Astrology is the science of predictions. If you seriously don't believe in the aforementioned statements then here follows the evident that proves it: An app in facebook build by kudos limited called Astrology have 5,800,800 monthly active users worldwide. Another famous app is Daily Horoscope, It has around 7,700,00 monthly active users. And on ecan find thousands of such apps with astronomical numbers of users. And if only india is considered then please remember the fact that india is next after USA and Brazil with more than 45.9 million users of facebook. 76% of them are youth of age group of 18-34 years. hence proves!
Many ancient cultures attached importance to astronomical events and complex systems of astrology were developed by the indians, chinese and Mayans. Among Indo-European peoples, astrology has ben dated to the third millennium BC. With roots in calendrical systems used to predict seasonal shifts, it was used to inerpret celestical cycles as signs of divine communications. Around 2100 years ago astrology spread to the eastern Mediterranean and became popular in Egypt . It was there that the system was modified into what is regarded as the Greek style of asstrology essentially the root of the modern style of astrology. During the Dark and middle ages, astrology was taken up enthusiastically by islamic scholars, who kept alive much of the art and knowledge of ancient Greece. It was subsequently adopted by Renaissance figures including Copernicus, Newton and Galileo, whose study of it helped to develop the modern science of astronomy. It was only at the end of the 17th century that new astronomical concepts began to damage the credibility of astrology. Is this prediction of science or is this science of prediction?
There are many numerology systems which assign numerical value to the letters of an alphabet. Some try to convert letters to numbers and add them up, others try to assign properties and descriptions to each number. So not only your birth date decides your number but your name too.And not just these, the numbers in your address help determine the energy that surrounds you and the people you live with. Some astrologers even believe that each number from 0-9 is ruled by a celestial body inour solar system.
it is a common misconception that the 12 animan zodiacs assigned by year are the only signs, and many western descriptions of chinese astrology draw solely on this system. In fact, there are also aimal signs assigned by month, day and hours of the day. The combination of one's birth year, month day and hour are a part of the 4 pillars of chinese astrology which determine one's fate. The chinese new year is based on the cycle of the moon. It falls between min january to mid february. Year 2012 saw chinese new year on 23 january and the next year it is going to come on february 10.
Do you think you have mixed traits of 2 sign? If you were born on the first or last day of a sun sign, in astrological tems you were born on a cusp. If that's the case , you will probably benefit from reading your own sun sign. For e.g. if your birth date is 22 december , your sun sign is capricorn, so stick to capricorn predictions. the doubt that youare a mcix of signs is amyth as the position of sun can only be in one sighn at a time but the other traits can be due to influence of moon signs and ancestral signs in the birth chart.
Tarot card were initially used as playing cards. They later become associated with mysticism and magic. From the late 18th century until the present time the tarot has also found use by mstics and occultists in efforts at divination or as a map of mental and spiritual pathways. Although each card reflects some core truth, thinking that each tarot card is always read the same way is a misconception. What one sees in the card is always read the same way is a misconception. Wha one sees in the card is also a reflection of his physical, mental, emotional and spiritual state at that time which keeps on changing. It is one of the few ways to develop one's spiritual and intuitive capabilities.
Palmistry is no more a mysterious word. It is among one of the techniques that originated in india and is very commonly practices. now a days a new branch known as geometrical palmistry has been added to it. Geometrical palmistry is the study of figures found in hand. This deals with the inclusive study of all the advantages and disadvantages of the numerous signs foud in hand. There are many other geometrical figures on the hand besides lines like the cross triangle, and circle, which point towards the nature of the person and references to likely future events.
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Were the Taliban behind the actions of a rogue Afghan army soldier who allegedly killed three British servicemen overnight while they slept? The militants claimed that the episode, which included a shooting and a grenade assault, was a premeditated attack, part of a new strategy to push back against coalition forces spread out in record numbers across southern Afghanistan's battle zones. Although the inside-job claim remains unconfirmed, the killings cast a shadow on the quality and reliability of Afghan security forces deployed in a hostile region where they are being groomed to take the reins of their country's security and wean themselves from dependence on Western troops.
The assault took place at a British military outpost in Nahr-e-Saraj district, a Taliban stronghold near the provincial capital of Lashkar Gah. A senior Afghan National Army (ANA) officer identified the gunman as Talib Hussein, 23, a member of the ethnic Hazara minority from Ghazni province who had served for less than a year, mainly in remote swaths of Helmand province, far from home. After killing a major in his bed, the suspect fired a rocket-propelled grenade at the base's command center, killing a British lieutenant and Nepalese Gurkha and injuring four others, before he managed to flee outside the wire. A manhunt has ensued even as the Taliban assert he is now with them in a "safe place."
It's a strange sequence of events, given how brutally the Hazara were persecuted under a Pashtun-dominated former Taliban regime that massacred thousands. Today, Hazara Taliban are all but unheard of because of the history of bad blood and differences of orthodoxy: Hazaras are Shi'ite Muslims, considered heretics by the rigidly Sunni Taliban hard-liners. To explain the anomaly, General Ghulam Farook Parwani, the deputy corps commander for the ANA's southern forces, alleged that Hussein was a habitual hashish smoker a widespread phenomenon within the ranks. Even if that's true, however, it hardly provides a clear motive for the deadly outburst.
This is not the first time Afghan security forces in Helmand have turned against their foreign partners. In November, five British soldiers were gunned down by an Afghan policeman they were training in Nad-e-Ali district. There were reports the policeman might have lashed out after being repeatedly insulted. But while these cases are isolated, they are sure to amplify existing anxieties felt by NATO military planners over the status of Afghan security forces, which are expected to shoulder greater responsibility when foreign troops eventually start to withdraw. The Afghan army is held in higher regard than the national police force, which is widely deplored as corrupt and erratic when put to the test. Still, billions in American taxpayer dollars appear to have yielded less-than-stellar results.
The Afghan forces' shortcomings were cast in sharp relief in February when U.S. Marines launched an offensive to clear the Taliban out of Marjah, the opium-poppy-trafficking area in central Helmand. Despite a game fighting spirit exhibited by many of the Afghan troops involved, U.S. officers grew more and more frustrated with the ANA's inability to follow complex orders and coordinate attacks against a determined foe. As the campaign wore on, it were largely consigned to a secondary role. Much to the dismay of American officers, these troubles persist in parts of Marjah where the Taliban have since regrouped with help from outside fighters trying to chip away at the Marines' hard-won gains.
The summer fighting season is now in full gear across the south. In a recent 24-hour stretch, eight American troops died in a series of attacks that included a car-bomb assault and a gunfight outside the Kandahar city police compound. In Marjah, where fierce firefights and roadside-bomb strikes occur every day, the ANA often appears to be yet another burden for U.S. forces, with problems ranging from insubordination to the careless handling of weapons. During a morning patrol on the edge of town late last month, for example, a gunshot rang out within seconds of U.S. troops' stepping outside the base, sending Marines ducking for cover. The discharge, however, was accidental an Afghan soldier had fumbled his rifle. It wasn't the first time something like that had happened.
The love-hate relationship was better illustrated during a route-clearance operation later in the week. The three Afghan army soldiers who accompanied Marines were useful when a private compound with women and children needed to be searched for weapons. With respect to the deeply conservative mores of the area, Marines stood back while the Afghans talked reassuringly with the family and checked things out. That same day, however, the men brazenly disobeyed the orders of a Marine officer when they refused to walk any farther toward a dangerous stretch of road. They simply stood their ground as he cursed up a storm and threatened to throw them into a nearby canal, a threat they could not understand.
"These guys are gonna be in pretty bad shape when we finally get out of here," said a low-level Marine officer, shaking his head. "Most of them are a danger to themselves." He wasn't entirely kidding. In the case of one front-line unit based in northern Marjah, three attached Afghan soldiers (at last count) had shot themselves in the foot and one in the hand. Whether the shootings were intentional or not, the upshot is that such incidents usually result in quick transfers out of the battle zone.
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Distinguishing between AUVs and other types of marine vehicles is not quite as straightforward. The field of taxonomy in biology faces a similar issue - what defining characteristics should be used to group different species? Biologists use a number of different methods - differences in size, rRNA, cell structure, life history, ecological (functional) role, etc. - and each biologist has his/her preferred classification method(s). Similarly, marine robotic vehicles can be classified by differences in size, propulsion, energy acquisition method and storage, depth capacity, decision-making abilities, etc.
Taxonomical definitions are also evolving; for example, many are familiar with the older "Kingdoms" system (which included the two, five, and six kingdoms) and (are possibly less familiar with) the "Three Domains" classification, which suggests that life can be classified by an organism's cell structure. An even earlier classification divided life into two types: prokaryotes, which are unicellular and do not have membranes to contain their organelles, and eukaryotes, which may be single or multicellular and have membranes. In 1977, an American biologist named Carl Woese suggested that prokaryotes be split into two groups: bacteria (containing all "typical bacteria") and archaebacteria (which, in 1977, only comprised of methanogens, or bacteria that could produce methane, but now includes more members and has been renamed to archaea), resulting in the "Three Domains" . However, to this day, biologists continue to debate the various classification methods, with continued modifications occurring as we learn more about life on Earth. Likewise, marine robotic enthusiasts will each have their own methods of classifying marine vehicles.
Autonomous Underwater Vehicles (AUVs) are self-propelled, intelligent robotic devices that carry instruments and sensors for sampling and surveying underwater areas. As their name suggests, they do not require manual operation, and thus are distinct from Remotely Operated Vehicles (ROVs) and other manned submersible vehicles (like submarines).
HOW CAN WE DISTINGUISH AUVS FROM OTHER VEHICLES?
Autonomous Surface Vehicles (ASVs), which (to add to the confusion) are also called Unmanned Surface Vehicles (USVs), are vehicles that travel on the surface of the water and do not have a human operator. They often resemble boats (or, in the case of wave gliders, surfboards) and from far away, you might not be able to distinguish them between a remote-controlled toy boat or even a traditional motorboat. These are generally NOT considered AUVs, as they never go below the surface (unless something has gone terribly wrong). A specific example of an ASV is Liquid Robotics' Wave Glider which sits on top of the water and uses wave energy as its primary mean of propulsion.
The term glider may refer to both wave glider (discussed above in the Autonomy section) and ocean glider. Unlike a wave glider, an ocean glider IS often considered an AUV as it is both autonomous and operates completely underwater. Ocean gliders use changes in buoyancy to move vertically, and (like wave gliders) use ocean currents to move horizontally. They are therefore similar to air gliders, except that ocean gliders have as little difficulty moving up as they do down. Like wave gliders, ocean gliders can travel for long distances as they do not require much power (only to make small adjustments in their buoyancy). A good explanation of an ocean glider and one of the most widely used types (the Slocum glider) can be found at a website produced by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA).
Gliders are often considered as a separate oceanographic vehicle category, as they usually move passively; that is, they rely on buoyancy and water movement to travel, whereas other AUVs use active propulsion (i.e. using a diesel engine, batteries, solar energy). The idea of separating vehicles based on their ability to move independently is comparable to how we separate biology in the ocean: phytoplankton (from the Greek words for "plant" and "drifter") move in the same way as gliders, whereas their predators, zooplankton (from the Greek words for "animal" and "drifter") are capable of swimming and can thus propel themselves independently, similar to AUVs and ROVs.
Figure 1 summarizes common instruments used to measure ocean properties. The grey boxes indicate the flow from general oceanographic measuring tools to different categories of AUVs.
Broken links? Spelling errors? Please let me know.
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The ultimatum expired at 09:00 East Africa Time (EAT) on 27 August, by which time the British had gathered three cruisers, two gunboats, 150 marines and sailors, and 900 Zanzibaris in the harbour area. The Royal Navy contingent were under the command of Rear-Admiral Harry Rawson while their Zanzibaris were commanded by Brigadier-General Lloyd Mathews of the Zanzibar army (who was also the First Minister of Zanzibar). Around 2,800 Zanzibaris defended the palace; most were recruited from the civilian population, but they also included the sultan's palace guard and several hundred of his servants and slaves. The defenders had several artillery pieces and machine guns, which were set in front of the palace sighted at the British ships. A bombardment opened at 09:02 set the palace on fire and disabled the defending artillery. A small naval action took place, with the British sinking the Zanzibari royal yacht HHS Glasgow and two smaller vessels, and some shots were fired ineffectually at the pro-British Zanzibari troops as they approached the palace. The flag at the palace was shot down and fire ceased at 09:40.
The sultan's forces sustained roughly 500 casualties, while only one British sailor was injured. Sultan Khalid received asylum in the German consulate before escaping to German East Africa (in the mainland part of present Tanzania). The British quickly placed Sultan Hamud in power at the head of a puppet government. The war marked the end of the Zanzibar Sultanate as a sovereign state and the start of a period of heavy British influence.
Zanzibar was an island country in the Indian Ocean, off the coast of Tanganyika; today it forms part of Tanzania. The main island, Unguja (or Zanzibar Island), had been under the nominal control of the Sultans of Oman since 1698 when they expelled the Portuguese settlers who had claimed it in 1499. Sultan Majid bin Said declared the island independent of Oman in 1858, which was recognised by Great Britain, and split the sultanate from that of Oman. Barghash bin Said, the second sultan and Khalid's father, had been forced by British ultimatum and a threat of blockade to abolish the slave trade in June 1873, though it was later discovered that instructions from London would have prohibited aggressive action being taken immediately if that ultimatum had been rejected.
The subsequent sultans established their capital and seat of government at Zanzibar Town where a palace complex was built on the sea front. By 1896, this consisted of the palace itself; the Beit al-Hukm, an attached harem; and the Beit al-Ajaib or "House of Wonders"—a ceremonial palace said to be the first building in East Africa to be provided with electricity. The complex was mostly constructed of local timber and was not designed as a defensive structure. All three main buildings were adjacent to one another in a line, and linked by wooden covered bridges above street height.
Britain had recognised Zanzibar's sovereignty and its sultanate in 1886, after a long period of friendly interaction, and generally maintained good relations with the country and its sultans. However, Germany was also interested in East Africa, and the two powers vied for control of trade rights and territory in the area throughout the late 19th century. Sultan Khalifah had granted rights to the land of Kenya to Britain and that of Tanganyika to Germany, a process resulting in the prohibition of slavery in those lands. Many of the Arab ruling classes were upset by this interruption of a valuable trade, which resulted in some unrest. In addition, the German authorities in Tanganyika refused to fly the flag of the Zanzibar Sultanate, which led to armed clashes between German troops and the local population. One such conflict in Tanga claimed the lives of 20 Arabs.
Sultan Khalifah sent Zanzibari troops led by Brigadier-General Lloyd Mathews, a former Lieutenant of the Royal Navy, to restore order in Tanganyika. The operation was largely successful, but anti-German feeling among the Zanzibari people remained strong. Further conflicts erupted at Bagamoyo, where 150 natives were killed by German military forces, and at Ketwa, where German officials and their servants were murdered. Khalifah then granted extensive trade rights to the Imperial British East Africa Company (IBEAC) who, with German assistance, ran a naval blockade to halt the continuing domestic slave trade. Upon Khalifah's death in 1890 Ali bin Said ascended to the sultanate. Sultan Ali banned the domestic slave trade (but not slave ownership), declared Zanzibar a British protectorate and appointed Lloyd Mathews as First Minister to lead his cabinet. The British were also guaranteed a veto over the future appointment of sultans.
The year of Ali's ascension also saw the signing of the Heligoland-Zanzibar Treaty between Britain and Germany. This treaty officially demarcated the spheres of interest in East Africa and ceded Germany's rights in Zanzibar to the United Kingdom. This granted the British government more influence in Zanzibar, which they intended to use to eradicate slavery there, an objective they had held as early as 1804.
Sultan Ali's successor was Hamad bin Thuwaini, who became sultan in 1893. Hamad maintained a close relationship with the British, but there was dissent among his subjects over the increasing British control over the country, the British-led army and the abolition of the valuable slave trade. In order to control this dissent, the British authorities authorised the sultan to raise a Zanzibari palace bodyguard of 1,000 men, but these troops were soon involved in clashes with the British-led police. Complaints about the bodyguards' activities were also received from the European residents in Zanzibar Town.
Sultan Hamad died suddenly at 11:40 EAT (08:40 UTC) on 25 August 1896. His 29-year-old nephew Khalid bin Bargash, who was suspected by some of his assassination, moved into the palace complex at Zanzibar Town without British approval, in contravention of the treaty agreed with Ali. The British government preferred an alternative candidate, Hamud bin Muhammed, who was more favourably disposed towards them. Khalid was warned by the consul and diplomatic agent to Zanzibar, Basil Cave, and General Mathews to think carefully about his actions. This course of action had proved successful three years earlier when Khalid had tried to claim the sultanate after the death of Ali, and the British consul-general, Rennell Rodd, had persuaded him of the dangers of such an action.
Khalid ignored Cave's warning, and his forces began mustering in the Palace Square under the command of Captain Saleh of the palace bodyguard. By the end of the day, they numbered 2,800 men armed with rifles and muskets. The majority were civilians, but the force included 700 Zanzibari Askari soldiers who had sided with Khalid. The sultan's artillery, which consisted of several Maxim machine guns, a Gatling gun, a 17th-century bronze cannon and two 12-pounder field guns, was aimed at the British ships in the harbour. The 12-pounders had been presented to the sultan by Wilhelm II, the German emperor. The sultan's troops also took possession of the Zanzibari Navy, which consisted of one wooden sloop, the HHS Glasgow, built as a royal yacht for the sultan in 1878 based on the British frigate Glasgow.
Mathews and Cave also began to muster their forces, already commanding 900 Zanzibari askaris under Lieutenant Arthur Edward Harington Raikes of the Wiltshire Regiment who was seconded to the Zanzibar Army and held the rank of brigadier-general. 150 sailors and marines were landed from the Pearl-class protected cruiser Philomel and the gunboat Thrush, which were anchored in the harbour. The naval contingent, under the command of Captain O'Callaghan, came ashore within fifteen minutes of being requested to deal with any rioting caused by the general population. A smaller contingent of sailors under Lieutenant Watson of Thrush were put ashore to guard the British consulate, where British citizens were requested to gather for protection. HMS Sparrow, another gunboat, entered the harbour and was anchored opposite the palace next to Thrush.
Some concerns were raised among the British diplomats as to the reliability of Raikes' askaris, but they proved to be steady and professional troops hardened by military drill and several expeditions to East Africa. They would later become the only land troops to be fired upon by the defenders. Raikes' troops were armed with two Maxim guns and a nine pounder cannon, and were stationed at the nearby customs house. The sultan attempted to have the US consul, Richard Dorsey Mohun, recognise his accession, but the messenger was told that "as his accession had not been verified by Her Majesty's government, it is impossible to reply."
Cave continued to send messages to Khalid requesting that he stand down his troops, leave the palace and return home, but these were ignored, and Khalid replied that he would proclaim himself sultan at 15:00. Cave stated that this would constitute an act of rebellion and that Khalid's sultancy would not be recognised by the British government. At 14:30, Sultan Hamad was buried, and exactly 30 minutes later a royal salute from the palace guns proclaimed Khalid's succession. Cave could not open hostilities without government approval and telegraphed the following message to the Foreign Office of Lord Salisbury's administration in London: "Are we authorised in the event of all attempts at a peaceful solution proving useless, to fire on the Palace from the men-of-war?" Meanwhile, Cave informed all other foreign consuls that all flags were to remain at half mast in honour of the late Hamad. The only one that did not was a large red flag flying from Khalid's palace. Cave also informed the consuls not to recognise Khalid as sultan, to which they agreed.
At 10:00 on 26 August, the Archer-class protected cruiser Racoon arrived at Zanzibar Town and was anchored in line with Thrush and Sparrow. At 14:00, the Edgar-class protected cruiser St George, flagship of the Cape and East Africa Station, steamed into the harbour. On board were Rear-Admiral Harry Rawson and further British marines and sailors. At around the same time Lord Salisbury's reply arrived authorising Cave and Rawson to use the resources at their disposal to remove Khalid from power. The telegraph read: "You are authorised to adopt whatever measures you may consider necessary, and will be supported in your action by Her Majesty's Government. Do not, however, attempt to take any action which you are not certain of being able to accomplish successfully."
Cave attempted further negotiations with Khalid, but these failed and Rawson sent an ultimatum, requiring him to haul down his flag and leave the palace by 09:00 on 27 August or he would open fire. During the afternoon, all merchant vessels were cleared from the harbour and the British women and children removed to St. George and a British-India Steam Navigation Company vessel for their safety. That night, Consul Mohun noted that: "The silence which hung over Zanzibar was appalling. Usually drums were beating or babies cried but that night there was absolutely not a sound."
At 08:00 on the morning of 27 August, after a messenger sent by Khalid requested parley from Cave, the consul replied that he would only have salvation if he agreed to the terms of the ultimatum. At 08:30 a further messenger from Khalid declared that "We have no intention of hauling down our flag and we do not believe you would open fire on us"; Cave replied that "We do not want to open fire, but unless you do as you are told we shall certainly do so." At 08:55, having received no further word from the palace, aboard St George Rawson hoisted the signal "prepare for action".
At exactly 09:00, General Lloyd Mathews ordered the British ships to commence the bombardment. At 09:02 Her Majesty's Ships Racoon, Thrush and Sparrow opened fire at the palace simultaneously, Thrush's first shot immediately dismounted an Arab 12-pounder cannon. Three thousand defenders, servants and slaves were present in the largely wooden palace, and even with barricades of crates, bales and rubber, there were many casualties from the high explosive shells. Despite initial reports that he had been captured and was to be exiled to India, Sultan Khalid escaped from the palace. A Reuters news correspondent reported that the sultan had "fled at the first shot with all the leading Arabs, who left their slaves and followers to carry on the fighting", but other sources state that he remained in the palace for longer. The shelling ceased at around 09:40, by which time the palace and attached harem had caught fire, the Sultan's artillery had been silenced and his flag cut down.
During the bombardment a small naval engagement occurred when, at 09:05, the obsolete Glasgow fired upon the St George using her armament of 7 nine-pounder guns and a Gatling gun, which had been a present from Queen Victoria to the sultan. The return fire caused Glasgow to sink, though the shallow harbour meant that her masts remained out of the water. Glasgow's crew hoisted a British flag as a token of their surrender, and they were all rescued by British sailors in launches. Thrush also sank two steam launches whose Zanzibari crews shot at her with rifles. Some land fighting occurred when Khalid's men fired on Raikes' askaris, with little effect, as they approached the palace. The fighting ceased with the end of the shelling. The British controlled the town and the palace, and by the afternoon Hamud bin Muhammed, an Arab favourable to the British, had been installed as sultan with much reduced powers. The British ships and crews had fired around 500 shells, 4,100 machine gun rounds and 1,000 rifle rounds during the engagement.
Around 500 Zanzibari men and women were killed or wounded during the bombardment, most of the dead a result of the fire that engulfed the palace. It is unknown how many of these casualties were combatants, but Khalid's gun crews were said to have been "decimated". British casualties amounted to one Petty Officer severely wounded aboard Thrush who later recovered. Although the majority of the Zanzibari townspeople sided with the British, the town's Indian quarter suffered from opportunistic looting, and around twenty inhabitants lost their lives in the chaos. To restore order, 150 British Sikh troops were transferred from Mombasa to patrol the streets. Sailors from St George and Philomel were landed to form a fire brigade to contain the fire, which had spread from the palace to the nearby customs sheds. There was some concern about the fire at the customs sheds as they contained a sizeable store of explosives, but no explosion occurred.
Sultan Khalid, Captain Saleh and around forty followers sought refuge in the German consulate following their flight from the palace, where they were guarded by ten armed German sailors and marines while Mathews stationed men outside to arrest them if they tried to leave. Despite extradition requests, the German consul refused to surrender Khalid to the British as his country's extradition treaty with Britain specifically excluded political prisoners. Instead, the German consul promised to remove Khalid to German East Africa without him "setting foot on the soil of Zanzibar". At 10:00 on 2 October, SMS Seeadler of the German Navy arrived in port; at high tide, one of Seeadler's boats made it up to the consulate's garden gate, and Khalid stepped directly from consular grounds to a German war vessel and hence was free from arrest. He was transferred from the boat onto the Seeadler and was then taken to Dar es Salaam in German East Africa. Khalid was captured by British forces in 1916, during the East African Campaign of World War I, and exiled to Seychelles and Saint Helena before being allowed to return to East Africa, where he died at Mombasa in 1927. The British punished Khalid's supporters by forcing them to pay reparations to cover the cost of shells fired against them and for damages caused by the looting, which amounted to 300,000 rupees.
Sultan Hamud was loyal to the British and acted as a figurehead for an essentially British-run government, the sultanate only being retained to avoid the costs involved with running Zanzibar directly as a crown colony. Several months after the war, Hamud, with British prompting, abolished slavery in all its forms. The emancipation of slaves required them to present themselves to a government office and proved a slow process—within ten years only 17,293 slaves had been freed, from an estimated population of 60,000 in 1891.
The badly damaged palace complex was completely changed by the war. The harem, lighthouse and palace were demolished as the bombardment had left them unsafe. The palace site became an area of gardens, while a new palace was erected on the site of the harem. The House of Wonders was almost undamaged and would later become the main secretariat for the British governing authorities. During renovation work on the House of Wonders in 1897, a clocktower was added to its frontage to replace the lighthouse lost to the shelling. The wreck of the Glasgow remained in the harbour in front of the palace, where the shallow waters ensured that her masts would remain visible for several years to come; it was eventually broken up for scrap in 1912.
The British protagonists were highly regarded by the governments in London and Zanzibar for their actions leading up to and during the war, and many were rewarded with appointments and honours. General Raikes, leader of the askaris, was appointed a First Class (Second Grade) member of the Order of the Brilliant Star of Zanzibar on 24 September 1896, a First Class member of the Zanzibari Order of Hamondieh on 25 August 1897 and later promoted to Commander of the Zanzibar armies. General Mathews, the Zanzibari army commander, was appointed a member of the Grand Order of Hamondieh on 25 August 1897 and became First Minister and Treasurer to the Zanzibari government. Basil Cave, the consul, was appointed a Companion of the Order of the Bath on 1 January 1897 and promoted to consul-general on 9 July 1903. Harry Rawson was appointed a Knight Commander of the Order of the Bath for his work in Zanzibar and would later be Governor of New South Wales in Australia and receive promotion to admiral. Rawson was also appointed a first class member of the Order of the Brilliant Star of Zanzibar on 8 February 1897 and the Order of Hamondieh on 18 June 1898.
Perhaps due to the effectiveness shown by the Royal Navy during the bombardment, there were no further rebellions against British influence during the remaining 67 years of the protectorate.
The masts of the sunken Glasgow can be seen in this panorama of Zanzibar Town harbour taken in 1902, looking east. The House of Wonders is the white building with a tower and many balconies in the middle of the photograph; the harem and palace stood to the left. The consulate buildings are to the right.
The war, lasting less than three quarters of an hour, is considered the shortest in recorded history. Several durations are given by sources, including 38, 40 and 45 minutes, but the 38-minute duration is the most often quoted. The variation is due to confusion over what actually constitutes the start and end of a war. Some sources take the start of the war as the order to open fire at 09:00 and some with the start of actual firing at 09:02. The end of the war is usually put at 09:40, when the last shots were fired and the palace flag struck, but some sources place it at 09:45. The logbooks of the British ships also suffer from this with St George indicating that cease-fire was called and Khalid entered the German consulate at 09:35, Thrush at 09:40, Racoon at 09:41, and Philomel and Sparrow at 09:45.
↑ Editor-in-chief, Craig Glenday (2007), Guinness World Records 2008, London: Guinness World Records, p. 118, ISBN 978-1-904994-19-0 .
1 2 3 4 5 6 Hernon 2003, p. 397.
1 2 3 4 Hernon 2003, p. 402.
1 2 Hoyle 2002, p. 160.
1 2 3 Hernon 2003, p. 398.
1 2 3 Hernon 2000, p. 147.
1 2 3 4 5 6 Hernon 2003, p. 399.
↑ "The Anglo-German Agreement". Parliamentary Debates (Hansard). House of Commons. 1 August 1890. col. 1530–1533.
↑ "Class V". Parliamentary Debates (Hansard). House of Commons. 22 August 1804. col. 324–337.
1 2 Bennett 1978, p. 178.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 Hernon 2003, p. 400.
1 2 "A Warning to Said Khalid". The New York Times. 27 August 1896. p. 5. Retrieved 2008-10-16. .
1 2 Patience 1994, p. 9.
↑ "Zanzibar's Sultan Dead", The New York Times, p. 5, 26 August 1896, retrieved 2008-10-16 .
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Hernon 2003, p. 403.
1 2 3 Owens 2007, p. 2.
↑ "Sultan of Zanzibar Dead", The New York Times, p. 9, 19 July 1902, retrieved 2008-10-16 .
1 2 Patience 1994, p. 11.
↑ "Bombarded by the British", The New York Times, p. 1, 28 August 1896, retrieved 2008-10-16 .
1 2 3 4 5 6 Hernon 2003, p. 404.
1 2 Bennett 1978, p. 179.
1 2 3 4 Patience 1994, p. 12.
1 2 Patience 1994, p. 15.
↑ "Will Not Surrender Khalid". The New York Times. 30 August 1896. p. 5. Retrieved 2008-10-16. .
1 2 Frankl 2006, p. 163.
↑ The London Gazette: no. 26780. p. 5320. 25 September 1896. Retrieved 16 August 2008.
1 2 The London Gazette: no. 26886. p. 4812. 27 August 1897. Retrieved 16 August 2008.
↑ The London Gazette: no. 26810. p. 65. 1 January 1897. Retrieved 10 September 2008.
↑ The London Gazette: no. 27588. p. 5150. 14 August 1903. Retrieved 10 September 2008.
↑ The London Gazette: no. 26821. p. 758. 9 February 1897. Retrieved 10 September 2008.
↑ The London Gazette: no. 26979. p. 3769. 21 June 1898. Retrieved 10 September 2008.
↑ Patience 1994, pp. 20–26.
Owens, Geoffrey R. (2007), "Exploring the Articulation of Governmentality and Sovereignty: The Chwaka Road and the Bombardment of Zanzibar, 1895–1896", Journal of Colonialism and Colonial History, Johns Hopkins University Press, 7 (2): 1–55, doi:10.1353/cch.2007.0036, ISSN 1532-5768, OCLC 45037899 .
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Mumbai city have population densities of around 46,000 per square kilometer among the highest in the world.
Mumbai's GDP and its per-capita income is almost three times the national average.
Globalization and World Cities Study Group (GaWC) has ranked Mumbai as an "Alpha world city", third in its categories of Global cities.
In central Mumbai, there is an increasingly large recycling industry, processing recyclable waste from other parts of the city; the district has an estimated 15,000 single-room factories.
The environmental problems of Mumbai have emerged due to the creation of the city itself.
Pollution, population and lack of space have been ultimate problems of Mumbai.
26/7 is not a sudden indicator of the environmental mess the city has got .
Leopard attacks in a bustling city, landslides, abnormally high temperatures in summers, erratic rainfall have long since warned the city of the impending doom.
The genesis of the environmental problems of Mumbai is in the fact that Mumbaikars refuse to believe that there is a problem. Migration is one of major problem city is facing today.
The movement of people across a specified boundary for the purpose of establishing a new or semi-permanent residence About 75 per cent of the migrants originate from the rural areas compared urban areas Migration from other states, mostly Uttar Pradesh and Bihar, has increased over the last two decades. Issues faced due to migration are Congestion, Traffic increase , More pollution ( Water , Air, Noise, Carbon emissions), Water scarcity, Solid waste management, Place constraint Increase in Real estate prices, Power scarcity.
Mangroves are an integral part of the landscape of Mumbai. Mangroves are small sturdy woody plants which are found in low-lying shallow areas. Mangrove ecosystems serve as a buffer between land and sea. They actually protect the land from the impact of the sea and by trapping silt they also maintain the integrity of Mumbai's shoreline Mumbai is surrounded by over 5000 acres of mangrove swamps spread over various areas.
Mangroves situated in the creek play an important role of flushing the water before it reaches the sea. The narrowing of the mouth of the creek causes the effluents to get trapped near the mouth which is slowly destroying this ecosystem.
Mangroves land has been reclaimed in the name of slum rehabilitation and garbage dumps.
Mumbai is paying a heavy price for its high degree of industrialisation and urbanisation In form of a pollution. Mumbai produces 5,000 tonnes of garbage Noise levels were exceedingly high, being met at only 35 of the 254 locations that were monitored. In Mumbai, noise levels up to 112 decibels were recorded, which is higher than the sound audible from a jet aircraft taking off at a distance of 100 meters. The 'Environment Monitor had said that 99 per cent of sewage generated by municipal councils and over 50 per cent sewage generated by municipal corporations go untreated.
Mismanagement of waste other than domestic is also a major source of pollution.
Bombay has a very high incidence of chronic respiratory problems, arising from extreme air pollution. Mumbai's size and high growth rate, urban sprawl, traffic congestion, inadequate sanitation, and pollution pose serious threats to the quality of life in the city. Breathing Mumbai's air has been likened to smoking more than 20 cigarettes a day!
Improvement in infiltration and reduction in run-off. Improvement in groundwater levels and yields. Reduces strain on Special Village Panchayats/ Municipal / Municipal Corporation water supply Improvement in groundwater quality Estimated quantity of additional recharge from 100 sq. m. roof top area is 55.000 liters.
thousand persons is 4 acres; for Mumbai, it is merely 0.03 acres per 1000 people.
Mill-land owners were allowed to sell or develop their land giving two-thirds land to the city; one-third each for government housing and green space.
HEALTH & SAFETY Mumbai health and safety is badly affected by the pollution. There are more chronic health problems resulting due to modernization, liberalization and globalization of the market.
Mumbaikers are increasingly subject to stress ailments as the booming city life takes its toll on the health and wellness of its citizens.
The changing health problems are the result of an increasingly hurried lifestyle. Work hours have risen over the last few years as India's economy has expanded on a global scale.
The reason for concern is the ensuing long term effects. Over time, living with chronic stress poses endemic health problems both mentally and physically.
Traditional ailments such as malaria, tuberculosis and cholera continue to play a viable threat to the health of many Mumbaikers, as well as to the rest of India.
Mumbai has a vast public health infrastructure catering to slum dwellers comprising of three tertiary hospitals 13 peripheral hospitals with maternity wards, 25 maternity hospitals, 167 health post and 150 dispensaries.
The only highways that exist in Mumbai are the East and West Highways that run north/south along the eastern and western coasts of the island.
Mumbai's lack of a subway system has been severely detrimental to the commuting congestion and times that the city experiences. Types of Transportation in Mumbai Mumbai has several different bus systems, all owned by private companies. The largest is the BEST bus system with 3031 buses which carry an average of 5 million people per day. The road network consists of 1431 kilometers of thoroughfares which handle an average of 6.2 million people per day. The most used mode of transportation is rail. The number of commuters using railroads has increased five fold between 1959 and 1989.
Managing traffic in Mumbai rests on four pillars 1. Infrastructure, 2. Policies, 3. Transport Solutions 4. Law Enforcement.
Alternative transportation systems are a pre-requisite to decongest Mumbai. The congestion charge system like the one in London is levied to dissuade citizens from using private cars and shift to public transport.
Currently all the waste is dumped in the 110 hectare Deonar dumping ground, which rises up to 7 stories high. The dumping ground was opened in 1927 and accepted approximately 1,450,000 tonnes of waste in 2006. Currently, the site has approximately 9.2 million tonnes of waste in place. Because of dumping of garbage without segregation, the bacteria present react with it which releases an estimated amount of 4,251 m3/hr of biogas, mostly containing methane. Mumbai desperately needs a solution for its waste disposal, more importantly it needs citizens to stand up against a shoddy system that is on the verge of collapsing. BMC is all set to give away the first-ever biggest contract worth Rs 704 crore for the scientific partial closure of the Deonar dumping ground The entire project would cost the BMC Rs 5,000 crore over a period of 25 years.
The BMC is also contemplating the reorganising of the dumping ground by shifting the scattered waste to a defined footprint area. The area will be layered and fresh soil will be put to facilitate growth of shrubs and plants, said a senior civic official. Moreover, the space will be used to generate thermal power.
BMC is expected to spend more than Rs230 crore in rectification and environment-friendly closure of the grounds at Deonar and Mulund.
Damupada- Kandivili : There is cluster of stone crushers and hot mix plants so the area is facing problem of air pollution. To overcome this problem this office has taken action against above units like issuing closure directions and also taking bank guarantee. This action has led to positive development in the overall air quality.
Powai & Chandivili : There are a cluster of stone crushers and hot mix plants in this area & hence air pollution is a major concern in this sector too. To overcome this problem, this office has taken action against certain polluting units issuing closure directions and also taking bank guarantee etc. As results, there is remarkable change in air quality.
Bhuleshwar Area : There are several gold refinery units in this area, which are causing air pollution. Recently this office has carried out survey of this area and is trying to overcome the problem at the grass root level.
All infrastructure projects with an environmental clearance are used to create more land so that this extra land can be allotted to builders and more money can be made. More and more land is created from the sea, destroying all buffer zones of the city and leaving no room for the movement of seawater. In order to have an opportunity to develop more land, urbanization of the Vasai-Virar and Bhayander belts was allowed. Another form of governmental exploitation of open spaces is the dereservation of plots earmarked for gardens and playgrounds within the city limits.
This is the lowest in the world.
FSI is given on that plot its worth increases further. So with an investment of a lakh of rupees you can make Rs.20-50 crores.
From the study, that each and every environmental and social parameter of Mumbai are very much deprived. In case adequate steps are not taken to prevent pollution and to improve the quality of life by providing more social amenities. Vehicular pollution control in metropolitan cities and other cities deserves top priority. Urgent attention should be given to reduce the generation of solid waste at the sources through mandatory standards and regulation fee and tax incentives, and education and voluntary compliance. There is an urgent need to tackle the problem of population growth in the Mumbai in a rational manner.
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The most notable feature in Hindu religious ritual is the division between purity and pollution. Religious acts presuppose some degree of impurity or defilement for the practitioner, which must be overcome or neutralized before or during ritual procedures. Purification, usually with water, is thus a typical feature of most religious actions. Avoidance of the impure—taking animal life, eating flesh, associating with dead things, or body fluids—is another feature of Hindu ritual and is important for repressing pollution.
In a social context, those individuals or groups who manage to avoid the impure are accorded increased respect. Still, another feature is a belief in the efficacy of sacrifice, including survivals of Vedic sacrifice. Thus, sacrifices may include the performance of offerings in a regulated manner, with the preparation of sacred space, recitation of texts, and the manipulation of objects.
A third feature is the concept of merit, gained through the performance of charity or good works, that will accumulate over time and reduce sufferings in the next world.
The home is the place where most Hindus conduct their worship and religious rituals. The most important times of day for the performance of household rituals are dawn and dusk, although especially devout families may engage in devotion more often.
For many households, the day begins when the women in the house draw auspicious geometric designs in chalk or rice flour on the floor or the doorstep. For orthodox Hindus, dawn and dusk are greeted with recitation from the Rig Veda of the Gayatri Mantra for the sun—for many people, the only Sanskrit prayer they know.
After the ritual purification of a bath, the Hindu family conducts personal worship of the gods at their shrine, which typically includes lighting a lamp and offering foodstuffs before the images, while prayers in Sanskrit or a regional language are recited. In the evenings, especially in rural areas, mostly female devotees may gather together for long sessions of singing hymns in praise of one or more of the gods.
For the vast majority of Hindus, the most important religious path is bhakti (devotion) to personal gods. There is a wide variety of gods to choose from, and although sectarian adherence to particular deities is often strong, there is a widespread acceptance of choice in the desired god (ishta devata) as the most appropriate focus for any particular person.
Most devotees are therefore polytheists, worshiping all or part of the vast pantheon of deities, some of whom have come down from Vedic times. In practice, a worshiper tends to concentrate prayers on one deity or on a small group of deities with whom there is a close personal relationship.
Puja (worship) of the gods consists of a range of ritual offerings and prayers typically performed either daily or on special days before an image of the deity, which may be in the form of a person or a symbol of the sacred presence. In its more developed forms, puja consists of a series of ritual stages beginning with personal purification and invocation of the god, followed by offerings of flowers, food, or other objects such as clothing, accompanied by fervent prayers.
Some dedicated worshipers perform these ceremonies daily at their home shrines; others travel to one or more temples to perform puja, alone or with the aid of temple priests who receive offerings and present these offerings to the gods. The gifts given to the gods become sacred through contact with their images or with their shrines and may be received and used by worshipers as the grace (prasada) of the divine.
Sacred ash or saffron powder, for example, is often distributed after puja and smeared on the foreheads of devotees. In the absence of any of these ritual objects, however, puja may take the form of a simple prayer sent toward the image of the divine, and it is common to see people stop for a moment at roadside shrines to fold their hands and offer short invocations to the gods.
Since at least the seventh century CE, the devotional path has spread from the south throughout India through the literary and musical activities of saints who have been some of the most important representatives of regional languages and traditions.
The hymns of these saints and their successors, mostly in vernacular forms, are memorized and performed at all levels of society. Every state in India has its own bhakti tradition and poets who are studied and revered.
In Tamil Nadu, groups called Nayanmars (devotees of Shiva) and Alvars (devotees of Vishnu) were composing beautiful poetry in the Tamil language as early as the sixth century.
In Bengal one of the greatest poets was Chaitanya (1485–1536), who spent much of his life in a state of mystical ecstasy. One of the greatest North Indian saints was Kabir (ca. 1440–1518), a common leatherworker who stressed faith in God without devotion to images, rituals, or scriptures. Among female poets, Princess Mirabai (ca. 1498–1546) from Rajasthan stands out as one whose love for Krishna was so intense that she suffered persecution for her public singing and dancing for the lord.
A recurring motif that emerges from the poetry and the hagiographies of these saints is the equality of all men and women before God and the ability of people from all castes and occupations to find their way to union with God if they have enough faith and devotion. In this sense, the bhakti tradition serves as one of the equalizing forces in Indian society and culture.
A detailed series of life-cycle rituals (samskara, or refinements) mark major transitions in the life of the individual. Especially orthodox Hindu families may invite Brahman priests to their homes to officiate at these rituals, complete with sacred fire and recitations of mantras.
Most of these rituals, however, do not occur in the presence of such priests, and among many groups who do not revere the Vedas or respect Brahmans, there may be other officiants or variations in the rites.
Ceremonies may be performed during pregnancy to ensure the health of the mother and growing child. The father may part the hair of the mother three times upward from the front to the back, to assure the ripening of the embryo. Charms may serve to ward off the evil eye and witches or demons.
At birth, before the umbilical cord is severed, the father may touch the baby's lips with a gold spoon or ring dipped in honey, curds, and ghee. The word vak (speech) is whispered three times into the right ear, and mantras are chanted to ensure a long life.
A number of rituals for the infant include the first visit outside to a temple, the first feeding with solid food (usually cooked rice), an ear-piercing ceremony, and the first haircut (shaving the head) that often occurs at a temple or during a festival when the cut hair is offered to a deity.
A crucial event in the life of the orthodox, upper-caste Hindu male is an initiation (upanayana) ceremony, which takes place for some young males between the ages of six and twelve to mark the transition to awareness and adult religious responsibilities.
At the ceremony itself, the family priest invests the boy with a sacred thread to be worn always over the left shoulder, and the parents instruct him in pronouncing the Gayatri Mantra. The initiation ceremony is seen as a new birth; those groups entitled to wear the sacred thread are called the twice-born.
In the ancient categorization of society associated with the Vedas, only the three highest groups—Brahman, warrior (Kshatriya), and commoner or merchant (Vaishya)—were allowed to wear the thread, to make them distinct from the fourth group of servants (Shudra).
Many individuals and groups who have only hazily associated with the old "twice-born" elites perform the upanayana ceremony and claim the higher status it bestows. For young Hindu women in South India, a different ritual and celebration occur at the first menses.
The next important transition in life is marriage. For most people in India, the betrothal of the young couple and the exact date and time of the wedding are matters decided by the parents in consultation with astrologers.
At Hindu weddings, the bride and bridegroom represent the god and the goddess, although there is a parallel tradition that sees the groom as a prince coming to wed his princess. The groom, decked in all his finery, often travels to the wedding site on a caparisoned white horse or in an open limousine, accompanied by a procession of relatives, musicians, and bearers of ornate electrified lamps.
The actual ceremonies in many cases become extremely elaborate, but orthodox Hindu marriages typically have at their center the recitation of mantras by priests. In a crucial rite, the new couple takes seven steps northward from a sacred household fire, turn, and make offerings into the flames.
Independent traditions in regional languages and among different caste groups support wide variations in ritual.
After the death of a family member, the relatives become involved in ceremonies for the preparation of the body and a procession to the burning or burial ground.
For most Hindus, cremation is the ideal method for dealing with the dead, although many groups practice burial instead; infants are buried rather than cremated. At the funeral site, in the presence of the male mourners, the closest relative of the deceased (usually the eldest son) takes charge of the final rite and, if it is cremation, lights the funeral pyre.
After a cremation, ashes, and fragments of bone are collected and eventually immersed in a holy river. After a funeral, everyone undergoes a purifying bath. The immediate family remains in a state of intense pollution for a set number of days (sometimes ten, eleven, or thirteen).
At the end of that period, close family members meet for a ceremonial meal and often give gifts to the poor or to charities.
A particular feature of the Hindu ritual is the preparation of rice balls (pinda) offered to the spirit of the dead person during memorial services. In part, these ceremonies are seen as contributing to the merit of the deceased, but they also pacify the soul so that it will not linger in this world as a ghost but will pass through the realm of Yama, the god of death.
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Mr. Franklin was charged with shooting Alphonse Manning Jr. and Toni Schwenn in a parking lot here on Aug. 7, 1977. Mr. Manning was black and Miss Schwenn was white. Both were 23 years old.
The jury in Dane County Circuit Court deliberated about two hours before finding Mr. Franklin guilty of two counts of first-degree murder, which carries a mandatory sentence of life in prison. Judge William D. Byrne immediately sentenced Mr. Franklin to two consecutive life terms.
Mr. Franklin, 35, is serving two life sentences in the Federal prison in Marion, Ill., for killing two blacks in Utah while they were jogging in 1980. He was acquitted in the 1982 shooting of Vernon Jordan, president of the National Urban League, in Fort Wayne, Ind.
He was convicted in 1984 in Chattanooga, Tenn., of bombing a synagogue and was indicted that year in Georgia in the 1978 shooting of Larry Flynt, publisher of Hustler magazine.
''We know he'll be in prison forever, and never get out to hurt anybody again,'' said Linda Langlois of Madison, a friend of Miss Schwenn.
In closing arguments at the end of the five-day trial earlier today, Mr. Harlowe called the killings ''horrible, senseless and pointless,'' and the ''closest thing to killing for sport'' he had ever seen.
According to testimony in the trial, including Mr. Franklin's tape-recorded confession, Mr. Manning and Miss Schwenn were shot when they backed their car in front of Mr. Franklin's.
In his 1984 confession, Mr. Franklin said he had come to Madison to kill former Judge Archie Simonson of Dane County because of the judge's ruling in a sexual assault case. Mr. Simonson testified that he had been criticized as being too lenient in sentencing two black men for assaulting white woman.
Mr. Franklin, in his closing arguments, denied that he killed the couple or that he was in Wisconsin at the time of the slayings.
He previously said he lied in the confession to get out of a Federal prison in Illinois and into Wisconsin.
''I did not kill Alphonse Manning and Toni Schwenn,'' he said. ''I did not come to Wisconsin to kill Judge Archie Simonson.'' He said he was not in Wisconsin at the time of the incident.
A life sentence is ''the next best thing to being dead,'' Mr. Franklin told the jurors. ''Would you sentence a loved one, a son, a daughter, a wife or a husband, based on the evidence?'' he asked.
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