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//Tao// or //Dao// is an ancient Chinese [[Metaphysics | metaphysical]] concept, thought to originate with [[LaoTzu | Lao Tzu]], which is often translated as //The Way// or //The Path//. Tao signifies the primordial essence or fundamental nature of the universe. In the foundational text of Taoism, the Tao Te Ching, Laozi explains that Tao is not a 'name' for a 'thing' but the underlying natural order of the universe whose ultimate essence is difficult to circumscribe. Tao is thus "eternally nameless” (Dao De Jing-32. Laozi) and to be distinguished from the countless 'named' things which are considered to be its manifestations.
In [[Taoism]], [[ChineseBuddhism | Chinese Buddhism]] and [[Confucianism]], the object of spiritual practice is to 'become one with the tao' ([[TaoTeChing | Tao Te Ching]]) or to harmonize one's will with Nature (cf. Stoicism) in order to achieve 'effortless action' ([[WuWei | Wu wei]]). This involves meditative and moral practices. Important in this respect is the Taoist concept of [[De]] (德; virtue).
//Tao// or //Dao// is an ancient Chinese [[Metaphysics metaphysical]] concept, thought to originate with [[LaoTzu Lao Tzu]], which is often translated as //The Way// or //The Path//. Tao signifies the primordial essence or fundamental nature of the universe. In the foundational text of Taoism, the Tao Te Ching, Laozi explains that Tao is not a 'name' for a 'thing' but the underlying natural order of the universe whose ultimate essence is difficult to circumscribe. Tao is thus "eternally nameless” (Dao De Jing-32. Laozi) and to be distinguished from the countless 'named' things which are considered to be its manifestations.
In [[Taoism]], [[ChineseBuddhism Chinese Buddhism]] and [[Confucianism]], the object of spiritual practice is to 'become one with the tao' ([[TaoTeChing Tao Te Ching]]) or to harmonise one's will with Nature (cf. Stoicism) in order to achieve 'effortless action' ([[WuWei Wu wei]]). This involves meditative and moral practices. Important in this respect is the Taoist concept of [[De]] (德; virtue).
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History Sentence Tell me about the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World.
I presented a mystery bag. It’s an easy presentation. Place an item in the bag. Tell 3 things about it and let the class guess what it is.
Question: How does pollution happen?
far from the source of the pollution.
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0.968388 |
The 25th Ryder Cup Matches were held October 14–16, 1983 at the PGA National Golf Club in Palm Beach Gardens, Florida. The United States team won the competition by a score of 14½ to 13½ points, the closest Ryder Cup since the tie in 1969. In their third competition with players from the continent, Europe showed the ability to realistically challenge the Americans. This was the first of four occasions that Tony Jacklin was the European captain and the sole occasion that his side lost.
Entering the singles matches on Sunday, the competition was even at 8 points each. Jacklin put his best players out early, while U.S. captain Jack Nicklaus saved his for last. In the first match, Seve Ballesteros was 3 up at the turn but needed an outstanding 3-wood from a fairway bunker on the final hole to salvage par and force a half with Fuzzy Zoeller. With ten matches complete and the score at 13 points each, the outcome depended on the two singles matches remaining on the course, between José Maria Cañizares and Lanny Wadkins and Bernard Gallacher and Tom Watson. The U.S. victory is generally accredited to Wadkins, who hit a wedge to less than three feet (0.9 m) on the par-5 18th hole to win the hole with a birdie and halve his match against Canizares. Gallacher had trailed all day, but Watson bogeyed 16 and was only 1 up with two holes to play. He had another bogey at the par-3 17th, but Gallacher's three-foot putt for bogey missed and ended the match at 2 & 1 and gave the U.S. the winning point.
This was the thirteenth consecutive win at home for the U.S. team, but they have yet to post consecutive home victories since, alternating losses and wins for a 4-4 record through 2016. It was also the last victory for the U.S. in the Ryder Cup for eight years, until 1991.
The American qualification rules remained unchanged from 1981 with 11 of the team being selected from a points list. The final place in the team was allocated to the winner of the 1983 PGA Championship (which finished on August 7), provided he was not in the top 11, in which case the 12th player in the points list would qualify. Qualification based on the points list finished after the Western Open on July 3. Tom Watson needed to win the final event to guarantee his place but finished second, lifting him from 14th to 12th place in the points list and pushing Hale Irwin out of that position. The PGA Championship was won by Hal Sutton with Jack Nicklaus second. Sutton was only in his third year as a professional and hence ineligible and so Watson retained his place on the team.
The European team was chosen entirely from the 1983 European Tour money list as at the conclusion of the St. Mellion Timeshare TPC on September 18. Prior to the final event 10 of the players had guaranteed their places with Manuel Piñero in 11th position and Gordon J. Brand in 12th. Brand made sure of his place with fifth place in the TPC but Piñero was overtaken by Paul Way who finished second to lift him to 11th place in the list.
"Ryder Cup 2006 » History » 1983 Results". The PGA of America, Ryder Cup Limited, and Turner Sports Interactive. Retrieved April 22, 2013.
"Ryder Cup history: 1983". BBC Sport. September 13, 2004. Retrieved April 22, 2013.
^ "Nicklaus 'thrilled' with U.S. victory". Eugene Register-Guard. Associated Press. October 17, 1983. p. 4B.
^ a b Jenkins, Dan (October 25, 1983). "A close call for Captain Jack". Sports Illustrated. p. 38.
^ a b Moffett, Dan (October 17, 1983). "Americans' Cup victory is no easy Ryder". Palm Beach Post. p. D1.
^ a b Moffett, Dan (October 17, 1983). "Jacklin's strategy almost paid off while Nicklaus saved best for last". Palm Beach Post. p. D7.
^ "Ballesteros' Bunker Shot Among Best From Ryder Cup". TSN. September 26, 2012. Retrieved April 22, 2013.
^ "Unsure Watson teeters on a tightrope". The Times, Tuesday, July 6, 1983; pg. 26; Issue 61577.
^ "A cub called Sutton follows the tracks of the Golden Bear". The Times, Tuesday, Aug 9, 1983; pg. 18; Issue 61606.
^ "Watson may call off". The Times, Thursday, Aug 4, 1983; pg. 21; Issue 61602.
^ "Money list to decide team for Ryder Cup". The Times, Friday, September 17 1982; pg. 18; Issue 61340.
^ "Ample consolation for Way as he is beaten by Langer". The Times, Monday, September 19 1983; pg. 27; Issue 61641.
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인공신경망을 압축에 적용하여 더 높은 압축 성능을 보이기 위한 알고리즘들이 몇 가지 연구되어 있다. 그러나 그동안 이러한 알고리즘들은 한정된 계산 능력의 하드웨어를 가지고 있기에 작은 크기의 신경망을 사용할 수밖에 없었으며 적용하는 대상 역시 실제로 사용하기에는 너무 작은 크기의 파일들이었다. 본 논문에서는 GPGPU의 계산능력을 신경망 학습에 이용하여 만든 텍스트 문맥 기반 문자 등장확률 예측기와 함께 허프만 부호화의 성능을 높일 수 있는 변환 방법을 제시한다. 앞먹임 신경망과 GRU회귀 신경망에 대해 실험을 수행하였으며, 회귀 신경망 모델은 앞먹임 신경망에 비해 뛰어난 예측 성공률과 압축률을 보였다.
Several methods have been proposed to apply artificial neural networks to text compression in the past. However, the networks and targets are both limited to the small size due to hardware capability in the past. Modern GPUs have much better calculation capability than CPUs in an order of magnitude now, even though CPUs have become faster. It becomes possible now to train greater and complex neural networks in a shorter time. This paper proposed a method to transform the distribution of original data with a probabilistic neural predictor. Experiments were performed on a feedforward neural network and a recurrent neural network with gated-recurrent units. The recurrent neural network model outperformed feedforward network in compression rate and prediction accuracy.
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How do I reduce the symptoms of menopause?
Early signs of menopause may include hot flashes, dryness, depression and fatigue caused from reduced hormone production. Treatment includes dietary changes and exercise along with bioidentical hormone replacement therapy. Bioidentical hormones are far superior to synthetic hormones usually administered because they typically cause fewer side effects and will significantly help reduce the symptoms of menopause.
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Adam Smith describes the patho-anatomy of a side strain and outlines clinical tests to assess, treat and determine readiness for return to play for a cricket fast bowler.
Side strains have been reported in a variety of sports, including javelin throwers, baseball pitchers, tennis players, golfers, and cricketers. This article, however, focuses on side strains in cricketers. Australian cricket data (based on both state and national players) reports that in the 18 cricket seasons up to 2013-2014, side strains had the second highest incidence and the third highest prevalence of all injuries that resulted in players missing games(1). Over 90% of the reported side strains (described as acute onset lateral trunk pain and occur during the bowling delivery) in cricketers over the last 20 years have occurred in fast bowlers(1).
What is a side strain?
A side strain in cricket occurs most commonly when bowling. Fast bowlers will describe that during a single delivery, they felt sudden onset, sharp lateral trunk pain on the side contralateral to their bowling arm(2). On most occasions, the bowler is unable to continue bowling (although this is not always the case) and often the player will leave the field. The mechanism of injury is thought to be related to the bowler; their quest to increase ball velocity, vigorously pulling the front arm (contralateral side to their bowling arm) down causing a strain (see figure 1).
Age and intensity are also potential risk factors for a side strain(1). Younger bowlers (under 24years of age) have been shown to be twice as likely to suffer injury as those aged between 25-29 and 3 times more likely than bowlers over 30 years(1). Side strains also occur more commonly in the early part of the season and most occur during early season matches. This suggests that changes in intensity from training to competitive games may contribute to the likelihood of injury in the early parts of a season. With most recurrences of side strain occurring within a season, increases in intensity may also be a risk factor in recurrences(1). Interestingly, there seems to be no additional increase in risk if a side strain is reported in a previous season.
The fast bowler will commonly report an acute localized sharp lateral trunk pain (often in the mid-axillary line) that occurred during their delivery. They may also describe pain with breathing, coughing and sneezing, and they can be very uncomfortable moving around especially rolling over in bed. The pain may radiate slightly into the abdominal area. From this description alone a side strain is highly likely.
A player with a side strain will be extremely tender over one or more of the lower four ribs (most commonly in the mid-axillary line).
The player stands side on to a wall with feet pelvis width apart, and the pelvis and the lateral border of one foot up against a wall. The hand closest to the wall is placed on their head. With the pelvis remaining in contact with the wall, the player is then asked to purely laterally flex away (avoiding truck flexion or extension) from the wall as far as they can and the therapist measures how far from the floor their middle finger can reach down their leg. This test in the early phase is often both restricted and painful. The therapist measures both the distance and where the restriction is felt – for example, ‘jamming’ on the ipsilateral side or ‘stretch’ on the contralateral side. These results can then be compared with the non-injured side and/or previous measures. This test is also useful as a monitoring tool throughout a season to determine ‘normal range and feeling’ and may pick early signs of tightness. Post-injury, players should be able to return to full lateral flexion range of motion and their normal restriction feeling.
Stage 1: Isometric shoulder adducted in 90-degree abduction– Player places hand of side that is injured on head, with elbow remaining in line with body in coronal plane. The therapist places hands just proximal to elbow and the player attempts to adduct shoulder. The therapist pushes up as the player pushes down to ensure an isometric test.
Stage 2: Isometric shoulder adduction from elevation– Player fully elevates the hand of side that is injured. The therapist places hands just proximal to elbow or wrist, and the player attempts to adduct shoulder. The therapist pushes up as the player pushes down to ensure an isometric test.
Stage 3: Isometric shoulder adduction and ipsilateral side flexion from full shoulder elevation and contralateral side flexion– Player fully elevates hand of the side that is injured and then laterally flexes truck to the contralateral side. The therapist places hands just proximal to wrist (or elbow) and the player attempts to adduct shoulder and lateral flex trunk towards the injured side. The therapist pushes up as the player pushes down to ensure an isometric test.
Sit up/crunch with resistance– Player lies in a crook lie with hands across chest. They then do a straight crunch. To further load the oblique muscles, a rotation can be added to the crunch. If these are not painful then the therapist may add resistance to increase the demand of the test.
Side plank– This test can be very painful initially. The side plank is not only a good assessment test, but it can also be used to monitor and progress treatment. Initially, a side plank may only be able be possible on knees or with elbows on a bench (height of bench and time should be recorded). As a player progresses the difficulty of the test can be increased by increasing time of hold or decreasing the height of the bench until they are on the floor. Alternatively, increase the difficulty by asking the player to do it on their hands rather than their elbow.
Once a player has no pain on breathing, coughing, or full range of motion, combine these movements. Player fully lateral flexes to side of pain and takes as deep a breath as possible. Note any pain. If this is pain-free then add a cough in full side flexion. If this test is pain-free, progress the player to some bowling at moderate intensity.
Diagnosis of a side strain is generally a clinical diagnosis based on the description of injury and positive findings from the clinical tests outlined previously. Imaging is however useful in determining the extent of damage and exact structures involved(2). Ultrasound can be used but MRI is the modality of choice. On MRI, an acute side strain is characterized by a high signal on the T2 image at the muscle, rib/costal cartilage interface, and often shows a complete or partial tear of the abdominal musculature(2). The internal oblique at its attachment onto the 11thrib is the most common muscle injured. However, pathology has also been reported in external oblique, transversus abdominus, and abdominal muscle attachments of the 9-12thribs(1,2). MRI imaging may also show rib or costal cartilage damage, including bone stress, bone avulsion or periosteal stripping(1). With these injuries, hematoma may be seen tracking between the internal and external oblique musculature(1). Figure 2 shows an MRI image of an elite level fast bowler with a tear of the internal oblique muscle as it attaches onto the 11thrib.
Costoiliac impingement – This occurs as a result of a decrease in space between the lower ribs and pelvis, and may be due to either a hypertrophied internal/external oblique muscle, rib hypertrophy or a hypersensitive scar from a previous side strain.
Referred pain – from thoracic spine and/or either costotransverse or costovertebral joints.
In the early stages, the main aim is to decrease pain especially if breathing, coughing, and sneezing are painful. This can be done through the use of pain-relieving medication in the acute phase. When the player can deep breathe and cough then cardiovascular training can commence – initially with biking or walking and then progressing to running as pain allows.
Soft tissue work throughout abdominal musculature especially obliques, and rectus abdominus.
Thoracic spine and rib mobilisation.
Gentle stretching to the contralateral side, combined with deep-breathing drills to help expand ribs.
Slow isotonic: move through side range with band or pulley machine (see figure 3).
The length of time to return to play from this injury varies considerably with reports ranging from one to seventy days(1). Rehabilitation should be guided by a player’s symptoms rather than based on scan results or a specified time. Within-season recurrence rates are high for this injury, and as such, the return to bowling plan requires a graded return to both volume and intensity.
Table 2 shows an example of a graduated return to bowling plan for a player who returned to play at week six. Anecdotally, injuries that involve the rib/costal cartilage tend to take longer than those that just involve muscle. However, further research is required comparing scan results and time to return to play before this is confirmed.
Side strains are a common and significant injury to cricket fast bowlers as they often require considerable periods of rehabilitation and inability to play. The clinician should be aware that this injury has a high ‘within-season’ recurrence rate and a graded return to high-intensity bowling is an integral part of the rehabilitation process. Further studies are required to determine risk factors and the relationship between imaging findings and time frames for return to play.
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What other names is Fringetree known by?
Arbre à Fleurs de Neige, Arbre à Franges, Arbre à Neige, Arbre de Neige, Arbre à Nieve, Chionanthe de Virginie, Chionanthus virginicus, Cionanto, Cionanto de Virginia, Gray Beard Tree, Old Man's Beard, Poison Ash, Snowdrop Tree, Snowflower, White Fringe.
Fringetree is a small tree or shrub. The dried root and bark are used to make medicine.
People take fringetree for liver and gallbladder disorders, including gallstones. They also take it to stimulate bile flow, relieve fluid retention, and as a tonic.
More evidence is needed to rate the effectiveness of fringetree for these uses.
There isn't enough information available to know how fringetree works.
There isn't enough information to know if fringetree is safe. It has a very bitter taste.
Pregnancy and breast-feeding: Not enough is known about the use of fringetree during pregnancy and breast-feeding. Stay on the safe side and avoid use.
The appropriate dose of fringetree depends on several factors such as the user's age, health, and several other conditions. At this time there is not enough scientific information to determine an appropriate range of doses for fringetree. Keep in mind that natural products are not always necessarily safe and dosages can be important. Be sure to follow relevant directions on product labels and consult your pharmacist or physician or other healthcare professional before using.
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We're going to use search as a case study on how to reason about performance before coding. Imagine you're building a search engine from scratch. There are maybe a trillion documents on the Internet. If each each document is 10kB, that's 10 petabytes of data! How do you query 10PB of data in a fraction of a second?
That might take years to implement, but it's surprisingly easy to reason about the performance of various possible designs. We'll talk about how to estimate performance using back of the envelope calculations that can be done in minutes or hours, even for applications that take months or years to implement.
In particular, we'll walk through a core search algorithm used in Bing, discuss how we initially estimated the performance and decided the system was worth building, and how the actual performance compared to the estimated performance.
We'll also talk about why the class of algorithm we're discussing has been considered obsolete as a core search engine technology for almost two decades, despite having reasonable performance characteristics in theory and practice.
Dan Luu spends a lot of time thinking about performance. Before working on BitFunnel, he worked on deep learning at Google, and microprocessors at Centaur.
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The Carnatic Wars were a series of military conflicts in the middle of the 18th century between the French East India Company and the British East India Company, including numerous nominally independent rulers. They were mainly fought on the territories in India which were dominated by the Mughal Empire up to the Godavari delta. The First and Third Carnatic Wars were essentially the Indian Colonial front in two international wars - War of the Austrian Succession (1740-48), and the Seven Year's War (1756-1763) respectively. As a result of these military contests, the British East India Company established its dominance among the European trading companies within India. The French company was pushed to a corner and was confined primarily to Pondicherry.
The First Carnatic War was the extension of the Anglo- French (Austrian Wars of Succession - 1740) War in Europe. The English navy under Barnett captured some French ships.Dupleix the French Governor General of Pondicherry sent an urgent appeal to La Bourdonnais, French governor of Mauritus, for help. The french troop from Mauritus reached the Coromondal Coast in 1746. They captured the British city of Madras. Among the prisoners of war was Robert Clive. With the termination of the War of Austrian Succession in Europe, the First Carnatic War also came to an end. In the Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle (1748), Madras was given back to the British in exchange for the French fortress of Louisbourg in North America, which the British had captured.
After the death of the Nizam-ul-Mulk in 1748, the Nizam of Hyderabad, a civil war for succession broke out in the south between his son, Mir Ahmad Ali Khan (Nasir Jung), and his grandson, Muzaffar Jung. Chanda Sahib, who wanted to become Nawab of Arcot, joined hand with Muzaffar Jung and French force. Eventually Chanda Sahib came into power in Arcot and Muzaffar Jung came into power in Hyderabad. But in 1751, Robert Clive led British troops to capture Arcot. Clive's success led to additional victories for the British and their Nizam and Arcot allies (Mohammad Ali). The war ended with the Treaty of Pondicherry, signed in 1754. The French leader Dupleix was asked to return to France. The directors of the French East India Company were dissatisfied with Dupleix's political ambitions, which had led to immense financial loss. In 1754, Charles Godeheu replaced Dupleix.
The outbreak the Seven Years' War in Europe resulted in third Carnatic War. It spread beyond southern India and into Bengal where British forces captured the French settlement of Chandernagore in 1757. Also, British defeated the French in the Battle of Wandiwash in 1760. After Wandiwash, the French capital of Pondicherry fell to the British in 1761. The war concluded with the signing of the 1763 Treaty of Paris, which returned Chandernagore and Pondicherry to France, and allowed the French to have trading posts in India but forbade French traders from administering them. Third Carnatic War, thus ended the French ambitions of an Indian empire and made the British the dominant foreign power in India.
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PDFファイルをご覧いただくにはAcrobat Readerが必要です。 Acrobat Readerがインストールされていない場合は、 左のアイコンをクリックして、 ダウンロードした後インストールしてください。. Lavenu Bombled 2, M.
No problem – here’ s my Favero Assioma Unboxing video ( and first ride data) :. A Systematic Literature Review on Hypodysfibrinogenaemia and Report of A New Fgb Missense Mutation. The keys won’ t move at all the computer will stop in the middle of an article , won’ t move up down. - taisnība es ne tikai uzskatu bet tā domā arī citi kas man apkārt un man vienkārši to paziņo.
本庁 介護保険課 〒 倉敷市西中新田640 電話: 児島支所 児島保健福祉センター国保介護課. Getting Fit Finding Wealth, Being Happy Creating Significance: Now Available on Stick on Twitter) have this problem as well.
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We are your online one- stop shop for savings and specials on our products. 当サイトでは次のアプリケーションソフトを利用しているページがあります。 該当ページには、 アプリケーションソフトが別途必要なことは記載されていますので、 それに従ってインストールしてください。. Postscript PC , truetype Mac.
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TechAmok - Independent Technology News. According to sources close to Deadline, a Resident Evil TV series is in the works for Netflix. Just like the Resident Evil movie series, it is reportedly under development by Constantin Films.
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Subscribe now and save, give a gift subscription or get help with an existing subscription. Win FREE Stuff From Amazon Bouncy Box Giveaways List For 1/ 26/. Technologies de l' information et de la communication ( TIC : transcription de l' anglais information and communication technologies, ICT) est une expression, principalement utilisée dans le monde universitaire, pour désigner le domaine de la télématique, c' est- à- dire les techniques de l' informatique, de l' audiovisuel, des multimédias, d' Internet et des télécommunications qui permettent.
Thought Of The Day. The Suunto Ambit3 comes in a number of colors/ flavors, and two distinct model versions, the Peak and the Sport.
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0.930502 |
How Can You Market on Facebook?
Facebook has three tools (pages, ads, and groups) that can be used by anyone. Each of these options has its own purpose, and they can be combined for greater reach.
Facebook groups are similar to discussion forums, but with additional features that page and profiles have (like a wall). You can create groups related to your industry or product offerings as a way to reach out to potential customers.
Facebook isn’t just powerful. It’s flexible. No matter what type of company you run, it has enough different marketing options that you can tailor your marketing efforts to fit your company, your budget, and your time constraints.
Yes, it can take some time to get to know all of its features, but it’s worth it. Facebook still is growing at a rapid pace, and every day it becomes a more indispensable part of social media marketing.
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0.999396 |
EARTH TALK: What Good Has EPA Ever Done for the Environment Anyway?
Dear EarthTalk: I would like to know what good the EPA has done for the environment?
Without the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), Americans would breathe dirtier air, drink more polluted water and live and grow food on contaminated soils. Polluters wouldn’t be held accountable for their irresponsible behavior, wildlife would have a more difficult time finding suitable habitat to raise their young, and greater and greater concentrations of greenhouse gases would jeopardize the ability of our own atmosphere to protect us from the heat of the sun. In short, the United States and the rest of the world would be a nasty place to live, resulting in shorter life expectancy for humans and a decrease in biodiversity overall.
The EPA was created via Executive Order by Republican President Richard Nixon in December 1970 in response to rising concerns about pollution in an increasingly industrialized United States. Its purpose, then and still now, is to ensure that all Americans are protected from significant risks to their health and the environment where they live, learn and work. To accomplish this, the EPA develops and enforces environmental regulations based on laws passed by Congress; monitors environmental quality across the country; funds states, non-profits and educational institutions to address local and regional problems; and educates the public about how to avoid and mitigate environmental risks. Laws implemented and enforced by the EPA to protect our land, air and water save hundreds of thousands of Americans from premature death every year and keep our ecosystems healthy in the face of innumerable threats.
Scott Pruitt, Donald Trump’s pick to run the EPA, says he isn’t convinced that carbon dioxide emissions from human industrial activity are to blame for global warming, and would like to see significant cuts to EPA funding if not the dismantling of the agency altogether. Credit: Gage Skidmore, FlickrCC.
The EPA’s very first major accomplishment back in the early 1970s was setting standards on common air pollutants plaguing urbanized and industrial areas across the U.S. Other highlights from the EPA’s first decade include: banning the pesticide DDT and requiring extensive environmental reviews of all pesticides; establishing the first fuel economy standards for cars and trucks on American roads; overseeing the phase-out of PCBs, chlorofluorocarbons and leaded gasoline; and setting nationwide benchmarks for drinking water quality.
Some of the EPA’s notable achievements since then include: implementing “Superfund” (Congress’ billion dollar plan to remediate the most hazardous of industrial waste sites across the country); establishing protections of endangered wetlands as a top agency priority; cleaning up Chesapeake Bay, the Hudson River and other major waterways; launching the Toxic Release Inventory program to inform the public about the discharge of specific pollutants from industrial facilities in their communities; creating the Energy Star program to force appliance makers to tow the line regarding energy efficiency; forging a market-based system to reduce acid rain pollution; prioritizing environmental justice to protect low-income and minority communities from disproportionate exposure to pollutants; and setting new standards to clean up emissions from diesel fuel. More recently, the EPA has started the process of regulating the emissions of greenhouse gases contributing to global warming.
Beyond the agency’s direct actions on behalf of the environment here at home, its very existence serves as an important model for other countries to follow, and indeed most nations of the world now have their own environmental oversight authorities to keep tabs on pollution and set standards for the safe use, handling and disposal of pollutants. As more and more of our lands are paved over, our natural resources extracted and our air and atmosphere compromised, we can all be thankful for the foresight of Richard Nixon in establishing the world’s first government agency devoted to environmental protection.
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The Apple iPad Pro is a 12.9-inch touch screen tablet PC that is larger and offers higher resolution than Apple's other iPad models.
The iPad Pro was scheduled to debut in November 2015, running the iOS 9 operating system. Apple unveiled the device at a September 2015 event in San Francisco.
It includes an A9X processor, 2732 x 2048 resolution Retina display and a four-speaker audio system. Weighing 1.57 pounds and measuring 6.9 mm, the device also features updated Multi-Touch capabilities allowing users to interact with the screen with less latency than previous iPads.
Apple has positioned the iPad Pro toward business users and consumers that want a desktop PC-like device experience, offering more power, resolution and support for advanced features. Buyers can pair the Apple iPad Pro with an optional smart keyboard and/or Apple Pencil, a new stylus designed for drawing and writing more fluidly and precisely on the screen.
Apple's App Store offers 850,000 apps for its iPads, including new apps such as Adobe Photoshop built specifically for use on the Pro with the Apple Pencil. The Apple iPad Pro also takes advantage of new iPad-specific features in iOS 9 including Split View, which allows users to display two running apps at once, and Slide Over, which lets users run one app while quickly glancing at another.
Is iPad Pro tailor-made for the enterprise?
Can the Apple iPad Pro be a true desktop replacement?
If we see the proliferation of bluetooth keyboards and clam-shell cases being an indication, for many, they already have made them their primary environments. I will, however, withhold my judgment until I can actually see someone develop and push code from an iPad unit and do so reliably and quickly. It's possible this is already happening and I'm not aware of it, but that would be a pre-requisite before I'd be willing to make a full switch. A less bulky main machine would be fabulous, so I'd certainly like to see something like that happen :).
Short answer: No. Yes, tablets are getting a lot more powerful, but it's still tough to use them for computing-intensive jobs and for multitasking.
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Cyclic dependencies among software components are considered an architectural problem that increases the development time and prevents proper reuse. One cause for the existence of such dependencies is the improper organization of elements into components.
Optimal reorganization of the components that resolves the cyclic dependencies in large and complex software systems is extremely difficult to perform manually and is not computationally feasible to perform automatically.
We present an approach for automatic untangling of cyclic dependencies among components for cycles of any size, having direct or transitive dependencies on one another. Our approach aims at minimizing the modifications to the original structure of the system, while taking into account various architectural properties.
We evaluate our solution on twelve open source and three industrial applications and demonstrate its applicability and value through architectural metrics and feedback from system architects. We evaluate our solution on twelve open source and three industrial applications, and demonstrate its applicability and value through architectural metrics and feedback from system architects.
In this paper, we propose a method that addresses the following dilemma: Model checking can formally expose Off-nominal behaviors (a major contributor to incompleteness in requirements), and unintended scenarios in the requirements of concurrent reactive systems. Requirements Engineers (RE) and those non-technical Stakeholders that are the system-to-be domain experts can greatly benefit from jointly using model checking during the elicitation, analysis, and verification of system-to-be requirements. However, model checking is a form of formal verification and many REs and domain experts typically lack the knowledge and training needed to apply model checking to the formal verification of requirements. There is a user gap between the advantages of model checking requirements and the ability to model check requirements. Our proposed method uses a Casual-Component Model to closes this gap, as we demonstrate using a real world application.
Model checking is a powerful formal analytical approach to verifying software and hardware systems. However, general industrial adoption is far from widespread. Some difficulties include the inaccessibility of techniques and tools and the need for further empirical evaluation in industrial contexts. This study considers the use of Simulink Design Verifier, a model checker that forms part of a modelling system already widely used in the safety-critical industry. Model checking is applied to a number of real-world problem reports, associated with aero-engine monitoring functions, to determine whether it can provide a practical route into effective verification, particularly for non-specialists. The study also considers the extent to which model checking can satisfy the requirements of the new airborne software assurance guidance DO-178C, which includes extensive guidance on formal methods. The study suggests that the benefits of model checking would be realised when it is targeted at parts of the software that are particularly error-prone, difficult to verify conventionally, or critical, in order to justify the effort of using and certifying the model checking techniques and tools.
To minimize testing and technology upgrade costs for safety-critical systems, a thorough understanding and analysis of architectural dependencies is essential. Unmanaged dependencies create cost overruns and degraded qualities in systems. Architecture dependency analysis in practice, however, is typically performed in retrospect using code structures and/or the runtime image of a system. Retrospective analysis can miss important dependencies that surface earlier in the life cycle. Development artifacts such as the software architecture description and the software requirements specification can augment the analysis process; however, the quality, consistency, and content of these artifacts vary widely. It is therefore essential to identify architecture dependencies and to analyze them consistently throughout development. As a practical use case, we apply a commonly used dependency analysis metric, stability, and a visualization technique, the dependency structure matrix, to an architecture common to safety-critical systems that was re-engineered to reduce safety testing and technology upgrade cost. We highlight the gaps observed when running the analysis and discuss the need for early life-cycle dependency analysis for managing rework costs in industrial software development environments.
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What is Foreclosure in York, Pennsylvania?
Foreclosure is a judicial process in which a mortgage lender recoups some of its losses in the event of default by taking possession and/or ownership of the home that secured the loan in the first place in York, Pennsylvania Foreclosure typically requires the house to be sold at an auction. Typically, banks want to rid themselves of the property as soon as they can, in order to collect as much money as possible.
In every state, including Pennsylvania, borrowers have the option to go through foreclosure by judicial sale. This means that the auction will be overseen by a court, to make sure that the bank makes an effort to get as high a price as possible (to increase the chances that the entire balance will be covered, as well as the odds that there will be some money leftover for the borrower). In many states, original mortgages (as opposed to refinanced loans) are "non-recourse" loans, meaning that the most the lender can collect is whatever the foreclosed property sells for. The bank cannot go after the borrower for the balance, if the sale nets less than the amount due. You should consult a lawyer in York, Pennsylvania to learn the details of the law here. You should also know that this rarely applies to loans which have been refinanced.
First, and most importantly, you should not ignore the issue. Failing to respond to foreclosure calls from your lender will not make a problem go away. You should stay in touch, and be forthright with, your creditor as much as possible. It is important to remember that banks don't really want to own homes in York. In issuing a mortgage, they expect to make a profit through interest on the loan, and they'd prefer to continue collecting from you. Therefore, they're likely to make reasonable accommodations to your financial situation if it will enable you to keep paying them in the long run.
If you believe that foreclosure is imminent, there are some other options. For example, you might be able to engage in a "short sale," which sometimes allows you to sell your house for whatever amount you can get, give the proceeds to the lender, and walk away free of your mortgage debt, even if the sale netted less than the balance of the mortgage. You might also try a "short refinance" which allows a piece of the debt to be forgiven, and the rest refinanced. This allows the bank to wash its hands of the matter, while taking a relatively small loss, and allows the homeowner to keep their home.
How Can A York, Pennsylvania Attorney Help?
If you are facing the possibility of foreclosure, a good York, Pennsylvania real estate attorney can help. At the very least, they will be able to inform you of your legal options.
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Let me tell you something about my dad: He never missed a party. He never missed a celebration for someone he cared about. He never missed a funeral for someone significant in his life that had passed. This is the guy who attended every high school and neighborhood reunion possible, and he lived 3,000 miles away from where they were held.
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Tips to find a top tutor: 1. Quick Search by a field; 2. Search / Filter by multiple fields; 3. Custom Search by any words.
Hi, my name is Fahim Faisal. Currently, I am doing Ph.D. in Finance in QUT. I have five years of tutoring experience in business related subjects.I can assist in any business related subjects business including international business, accounting, economics and management. Along with tutoring, I can also provide assignment and research report editing assistance. These can include creating assignment/research report plan, finding relevant research papers and checking draft assignments.
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Think of a crowd. Think of a mob. Think of a mass. The collective nouns for 'people' mostly come with negative connotations because, in the English language at least, such large groups are regarded apprehensively.
If a third party talks about a crowd's 'mind', then that collective intelligence is automatically levelled down, sometimes to stupidity and more often to madness (except in obscure SF or fantasy).
Think of Charles Mackay's seminal book Extraordinary Popular Delusions and the Madness of Crowds, focusing on economic bubbles and mass movements. Perhaps this fear of the crowd is a literary hang-up from ancient times, when the mob-fearing bourgeoisie and aristocracy owned the printing presses (say, before 1998 - Political Ed), or perhaps large groups of people just tend to behave in scary and antisocial ways.
Whatever the reason, we are fundamentally scared of crowds, and the main products of this fear have been theories about coping with them and avoiding them, not benefiting from them.
Yet in recent years, the crowd has been getting more and more attention. It seems that earlier fears of crowds simply played out of our limited understanding of their dynamics. Now we've found ways of utilising the crowd's processing power; now, several technologies, such as Amazon's Mechanical Turk, have allowed companies to 'crowd-source' ideas - outsourcing difficult or lengthy tasks to the crowd, which can complete them more efficiently and cheaply.
And, more importantly for us, it started crowdfunding - the use of crowds to pay for and approve projects - often creative ones.
The vast majority of crowdfunding platforms are websites that allow anyone to establish a project, set up a pitch, and establish a funding goal, allowing anyone to donate money to their idea, either philanthropically or in return for certain associated rewards.
More recently, they've combined social media technology so players can track what their friends are funding and allow projects to go truly viral. And, in doing so, it may have changed the future of game and technology development forever.
Crowdfunding began in a curious place. There are three notable starting spots. First, there was the 1997 US Marillion tour, which was funded by fans, who raised $60,000 without the involvement of the band themselves. Second, there was the Nine Inch Nails album Ghosts I-IV, which was given away for free, with superfan-targeted versions carefully tiered by price and exclusivity.
Finally, there was ArtistShare, the first dedicated crowdfunding site, which was founded in 2000 to help artists pay for albums. The first completed project on ArtistShare won a Grammy award, and its artists have received 13 nominations since.
Like these examples, the vast majority of crowdfunded projects are entertainment. Professor Yan Chen of the University of Michigan School of Information thinks there are two reasons for this: "First, traditional funding sources for arts and humanities have been cut more drastically than other areas, such as science and engineering, in recent years. Second, the deliverables [final products] are easily evaluated by the laypeople, and thus more suitable for crowdfunding."
Andy Payne, serial games entrepreneur, says: "It's come out of bank lending and investment grinding to a halt and creative people getting tired of talking to people who don't know what they are talking about."
There are now crowdfunding platforms for pretty much every project under the sun. ArtistShare helps musicians find sponsors to let them complete pieces; Fundageek pays for technical innovation and scientific research; Fundable pays for start-up businesses; GoFundMe helps people who are recovering from health problems; Indiegogo does indie games; Loudsauce crowdfunds social awareness advertising campaigns; Mobcaster creates TV pilots; Weeve is a non-profit crowdfunding site for non-profit organisations; and Myfreeimplants.com focuses on funding for breast augmentations. We kid you not.
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Camera movement is one of the most powerful aspects of camera. It can be used to reveal information to the audience, pan across vast vistas or move closer to a character’s face, intensifying the emotion of a scene.
Can you think of a scene where the camera movement contributes to the emotional impact of the scene on the audience?
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Different polls often have conflicting numbers.
Voters put importance on the ability to trust a candidate.
CORAL GABLES, Florida (CNN) -- George Bush continued to threaten John Kerry's grasp on several reliably Democratic states this week and solidified his lead in others, according to CNN's weekly Electoral College analysis conducted before Thursday night's first presidential debate.
Still, the analysis indicated Bush's lead in the all-important Electoral College was unchanged from last week.
If the election were held today, Bush would receive 301 electoral votes to Kerry's 237, according to a CNN survey based on state polling as well as interviews with campaign aides and independent analysts. A candidate wins the election with 270 electoral votes, regardless of the popular vote.
Bush leads in 33 states, including the country's entire southern rim (except California) and the mountain and the plains regions, the survey indicates. Kerry leads in the District of Columbia and 17 states, including the West Coast and most of the Northeast. The two candidates continue to battle for control of the industrial Midwest.
The CNN survey reflects national trends, which show Bush's average lead over Kerry virtually unchanged from last week. Bush has an average 5 percentage point lead in nationwide polls, according to a CNN review of public polling. Ten polls released over the past week, including the CNN/USA Today/Gallup survey, show between a 3- and 8-point lead for the president, who has remained slightly ahead of Kerry since the GOP convention ended in early September.
The 4- to 5-point average spread has held constant over the past two weeks. Last week's "poll of polls" showed an average 4-point lead for Bush.
Both campaigns cautioned, however, that the dynamics of the horse race could change dramatically after the debate at the University of Miami, a 90-minute forum focused on foreign policy that begins at 9 p.m. EDT.
The CNN political unit's weekly Electoral College analysis is based on the most recent CNN/USA Today/Gallup polling and public polling, combined with a look at turnout trends, interviews with strategists from both campaigns and parties, independent pollsters, and the latest campaign/party spending on advertising in the states.
Based on this extensive analysis of all information, CNN allocates states to each candidate to determine the breakdown of the electoral college vote if the election were held today. The map is not a prediction of the Election Day outcome.
New polls showed tight races in Maine, Connecticut, Michigan, Pennsylvania and New Jersey -- so-called Democratic "blue states." The states have a combined total of 63 electoral votes. Meanwhile, Bush appeared to have slim leads in four states -- Colorado, New Mexico, New Hampshire and Iowa -- which have a combined total of 23 electoral votes.
Bush appeared to be solidifying his leads in states he won narrowly four years ago, including Florida, Nevada and West Virginia.
Bush-Cheney campaign manager Ken Mehlman said the GOP-friendly trend playing out across the country is creating a battlefield that is forcing Kerry to play defense in states Democrat Al Gore carried in 2000.
"There are a number of red states where the Kerry campaign made a significant investment over the summer -- states like Missouri, Arkansas and North Carolina, where they've either entirely or mostly pulled their resources. And mostly now you've got a battle over places that were blue states," Mehlman said. "The race is close and will remain close. But you're seeing us moving down the field, and they're in a much more defensive position than they've been in."
Independent pollsters in some states, noting that Gore won several states by close margins, said Mehlman might be overstating the progress Bush has made in blue states.
"Gore only won Minnesota by 2 points, and the last two polls show Kerry leading by a couple points. So essentially you've got the same margin you had four years ago," said Rob Daves, director of the Minnesota Poll for the Minneapolis Star-Tribune. "Kerry's not doing worse here, he's doing exactly the same as Gore."
A senior Kerry-Edwards strategist said their polling, which they declined to release, shows that Bush's post-convention gains have stalled and Democrats are turning the tide.
"The trends are very encouraging for us. Most states moving our way -- and the race is moving our way nationally," the Kerry strategist said. "We think it's a very close race and certainly within the margin of error nationally and we think we're going into this debate thinking we're much closer than some of the public polls show."
Several other states remain extremely close, including New Hampshire, Oregon and Pennsylvania.
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How exactly to survive in university and college? So, you are a learning pupil now and attempt to combine enjoyable with studies. Anticipate to work independently with literature.
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There are aspects of English culture that are encapsulated by English literature. Of course, this is quite obvious when studying the works of Shakespeare or of writers, poets and playwrights of the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. It is, however, also true when studying other works of English literature. Students can learn about allusions and references to different aspects of English culture. They can also learn the context and meanings of famous quotes and phrases. Studying Literature does not confine the students to the traditions of England but includes the possibility of introducing them to traditions which inform English Literature, such as the study of Ancient Greek drama, and to literature in other contexts, such as American literature. It also provides the students with an alternative to the pervasiveness of Бtelevision cultureБ with its immediacy and, often, its shallowness.
An enjoyment and appreciation of Literature will give students the ability to develop this into an interest in books and reading as they move away from their studies and into their adult lives. They will have the confidence to approach and tackle new forms of books and writing, since they were exposed to a range of literature during their school days. When studying Literature, students can learn not only language aspects such as vocabulary items but also that language can be used for specific and aesthetic purposes. Familiarity with the concepts of beat, metre and rhythm can improve their own writing as students are able to appreciate and apply these ideas. Finally, the study of Literature can provide students with a fresh and creative angle with which to approach their studies in particular and their lives in general. So the next time you are reading a newspaper article lamenting the lack of creativity and initiative in the local workforce, remember that in a small way the study of English Literature can help to add a refreshing and further dimension to a personБs life.
For those considering a degree in this area but need further convincing, the Complete University Guide lends its expertise. Here are the top seven reasons to study an English degree: 1. В Transferable skills With no one obvious path post graduation for those who study English, they can rest assured that the transferable skills of their degree are in high demand. Skills include understanding how to investigate and obtain information, communication, writing ability, and self sufficiency в just to name a few. English graduates have a wide variety of career choices and will gain the aptitude required to work in almost any industry. 2. Reading novels instead of textbooks By studying English, students get the opportunity to spend time with some of the best writing ever done by humanity.
Most courses cover the entire history of written literature, from pre-Chaucer to postmodernism, so you're going to find at least one book that you'll enjoy. 3. Combined courses English departments usually offer a number dual honours degrees meaning youвll be able to combine a literary or linguistic education with another passion of yours or explore two strands of learning in our language in greater detail. Use our to see if there's an English degree combined with another subject of your choice. 4. Opportunity to study abroad English is, despite the name, a very international area and this is reflected in the variety of modules students are able to select if they want to study abroad. Students can tailor their degree according to aspirations of travelling the world, or keep their interest in the written word alight. 5.
Creative options Even if you don't choose an out and out creative writing degree at university, the opportunities for self expression abound more on English courses than in any other academic subject. Most courses offer a chance to do a creative writing module, or a dual honours course. Here are some dual degrees to examine. 6. Work in the community Many English degrees allow the student to explore local literature in the region, or of the nation if studying in Scotland, Ireland, the US and so on. Some also allow the student to find their own examples and stories to tell in the modern community. You'll find this in no other discipline. 7. Good graduate prospects Just order ourВ В by вGraduate Prospectsв and youвll see that students enjoy a pretty good chance of ending up in professional jobs within six months of graduating.
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A veteran officer of the Central Intelligence Agency, enraged by his dismissal, tried to extort $500,000 from the C.I.A. in exchange for his loyalty and, when the agency would not buy his silence, told two foreign nations how the United States spied on them, officials said today.
The case of Douglas F. Groat, 50, who was arrested on Thursday, is the third in four years involving major espionage at the C.I.A. Mr. Groat, a $70,000-a-year technician who had worked undercover abroad for most of his 16 years at the agency before he was dismissed in October 1996, faces the death penalty if convicted of spying.
The Director of Central Intelligence, George J. Tenet, called the case ''extremely serious'' but said he did not yet know how deep the damage ran.
The C.I.A. is still recovering from the treason of one turncoat, Aldrich H. Ames, who caused the deaths of a dozen foreign agents, and another, Harold J. Nicholson, who gave Russia the names of three years' worth of graduates from the agency's school for spies.
''During Groat's employment with the C.I.A.,'' said Wilma A. Lewis, the United States Attorney for the District of Columbia, ''he participated in classified covert operations aimed at the penetration of cryptographic systems of foreign governments.'' In other words, Mr. Groat's job was to be a thief, stealing and cracking secret codes.
Mr. Groat, an Army officer, a police officer, a county sheriff's process server, a prison guard and a United States marshal in the eight years before he joined the C.I.A. in 1980, stands accused of extraordinary crimes of espionage.
Code-stealing and code-breaking are among the most secret operations of United States intelligence. They allow the United States to read the mail and eavesdrop on the conversations of foreign governments. Disclosing the ways in which United States intelligence does this work could shut down operations aimed at the governments under surveillance. The statutes forbidding those disclosures allow the death penalty for doing so.
Shortly after noon today, in a Federal courtroom shielded by thick, bulletproof glass, Mr. Groat, wearing blue prison garb, a short beard and a dark mien, entered a plea of not guilty through a public defender.
The Justice Department and the Federal Bureau of Investigation, whose agents arrested Mr. Groat, were unusually secretive about the case. They said that to disclose which nations were tipped off by Mr. Groat, or where he had served overseas, would gravely endanger American national security.
Ms. Lewis called the case ''an extremely sensitive matter.'' Mr. Dubelier said the Government would invoke the Classified Information Procedures Act, which is designed to shield Government secrets from disclosure at a public trial.
The Government unsealed an indictment today containing a few bare facts. Only four pages long, it said that in March and April 1997, Mr. Groat had told two foreign governments about how the United States went about ''the targeting and compromise of the cryptographic systems'' those nations used. That the charges were brought in the District of Columbia strongly suggested that Mr. Groat had approached two foreign embassies within the capital, offering secrets.
The indictment ended with a startling paragraph charging that for nearly two years, from before his dismissal until a few weeks ago, Mr. Groat threatened to tell foreign intelligence services what he knew unless the C.I.A. paid him ''for his silence in excess of five hundred thousand dollars.'' The accusation of blatant extortion by an intelligence officer is unique in the publicly recorded history of the C.I.A. It is unclear how Mr. Groat is believed to have made his threats, although it appears likely that he made them without revealing his identity to the C.I.A.
Mr. Tenet spoke to the agency's employees for about five minutes on a closed-circuit broadcast at the C.I.A.'s headquarters in Langley, Va., at about 12:30 P.M. today, as Mr. Groat's court session ended.
But the case, if proven, may reflect poorly on the handling of a distressed, disgruntled and dismissed intelligence officer. It will inevitably be compared to the strange career of Mr. Ames, a C.I.A. officer arrested in February 1994 and serving a life sentence. Mr. Ames spied undetected for Moscow for nearly nine years, rising to extremely sensitive positions despite his drunkenness, sloth and seething resentment at the agency. It may also be measured against the betrayal of Mr. Nicholson, a former station chief who sold a wealth of knowledge to Russian intelligence, starting weeks after Mr. Ames pleaded guilty. Mr. Nicholson is serving a term of more than 23 years.
The case also revealed an aspect of the agency's work that it never discusses publicly: eavesdropping on allies and enemies alike with electronic technicians.
Mr. Groat's resume suggests he never found his station in life until he joined the C.I.A. He was born in 1948 in Niskayuna, N.Y., and graduated from Scotia High School, outside Schenectady, in 1965. He enlisted in the Army in 1967, was commissioned as a second lieutenant and left active duty as a captain in 1972. He attended at least three colleges before obtaining a liberal arts degree from the State University of New York in 1978.
Between 1972, when he left the Army, and 1980, when he joined the C.I.A., he held four law-enforcement jobs, none for long: as a police officer in Glenville, N.Y., between 1973 and 1976; after graduating from college, as a process server and a correctional officer for the Schenectady County sheriff, and as a United States marshal based in Phoenix.
Entering the C.I.A. in May 1980, he spent most of the next 13 years as a technical operations officer.
Something went wrong for Mr. Groat in 1993 -- citing privacy laws, the agency would not say today what -- and he spent the next three years on administrative leave, losing his fight against dismissal in October 1996. A few weeks before that, he was divorced. By then, the indictment charges, he was already extorting the C.I.A. and threatening treason.
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What can you eat for breakfast besides eggs? Not to belabor the obvious, here, but you may eat for breakfast anything you'd eat for any other low carb meal! Eggs for breakfast are simply customary, not essential. You can have meat, cheese, fish, any protein your little heart desires. Personally, I think a pork chop makes a very nice breakfast from time to time. A hamburger patty is a good breakfast as well. If you're in a tearing hurry in the morning, as so many people are, you might invest in A) a box of pre-made hamburger patties -- be sure that the box says "100% All Beef"; many pre-made hamburgers have carb-y fillers in them -- and B) one of the George Foreman Electric Grills I reviewed several issues back. Since the grill cooks both sides of the burger at the same time, it's fast, and since it doesn't need to be watched, you can be combing your hair or finding your shoes while the burger -- or a chop, or a small steak -- cooks.
Let us not, in this discussion, forget about sausage. Pork sausage, turkey sausage, no matter, it's meat, and it's a good breakfast, so long as you read the label and make sure you're getting one without a lot of added sugar and other junk. I've taken to cooking pork sausage patties on my George Foreman Electric Grill as well, and it works just fine. Ham is another possibility that's traditionally "breakfasty", but be cautious which brand of ham you buy. Ham virtually always has sugar added, but how much sugar varies a lot. I've seen ham with 1 gram of carb per serving, and I've seen ham with 6 grams of carb per serving! That's a big difference. Read the labels. If you're buying ham at the deli, make them read the labels!
This would be a good place to mention that bacon, although it is low carb, is not high enough protein to make a good breakfast all by itself. You'll need to eat it along with a protein food.
Some of the low carb cookbooks have recipes for "muffins" and "breads" and such, but none of the recipes I've tried have been spectacularly successful. Most of them depend heavily on beaten eggs, and end up tasting eggy rather than bready, which isn't what you want if you're tired of eggs. Still, I haven't tried all the recipes yet, so there may be some that are somewhat more satisfactory. If you've tried a low carb muffin or bread recipe you liked, you might send it in and share! I have had a reader send in a recipe for a low carb granola she invented, and I've shared it below in Cooking Low Carb! I also have a pretty good low carb/high protein waffle recipe I'm sharing. It's not dirt low in carbs, so you wouldn't want to eat them every day, but then you're not likely to make waffles from scratch every day either, are you? You could, however, double the recipe and freeze the extras. Warm them up in the toaster oven, not the microwave, if you want them to be crispy!
If you'd like something light, and very fast, you could have cottage cheese with some strawberries or raspberries, or with a wedge of honeydew or cantaloupe. A half-cup of cottage cheese has about 4 g of carb and 14 g of protein, about the same protein count as two eggs.
Another possibility for a non-egg breakfast is a protein shake. Atkins puts out a shake mix, though I haven't tried it. I reviewed ProFormix in this newsletter awhile back -- very low carb, very high protein, tastes quite good. No doubt there's other low carb shake mixes on the market you could try. I also gave a recipe for a sugar-free, stevia-sweetened protein shake in my book, _How I Gave Up My Low Fat Diet and Lost Forty Pounds_; I repeat the recipe below. A shake is especially good for folks like my friend Charlotte, who simply can't face cooked food in the morning.
What are the fastest breakfasts?
Well, that shake we just passed can be pretty darned fast, especially if you make it from a mix. Even if you use my recipe, you can put all the ingredients in the blender, stick the blender container in the refrigerator over night, and just whiz it up in the morning. Either way, just pour your shake into a car cup, and you're good to go! If you flavor it with instant coffee, you can even get your morning caffeine at the same time.
Other fast, easy ideas include hard boiled eggs -- just boil a dozen eggs over the weekend, then grab two every morning on the way out the door -- individually wrapped string cheese (2 or 3 of these would make a good breakfast), or a few slices of deli meat -- sliced turkey, chicken, roast beef, or ham -- and/or cheese in a baggy. Any of these can go in your purse or attache case and be eaten in the car, on the train, or at your desk.
Why should you eat breakfast at all? I'll tell you why. It has been long established that what you eat for breakfast will determine your blood sugar stability and your level of hunger for the whole day. Eat a good breakfast and you are way ahead of the game. Skip breakfast, or even worse, have a big bowl of cereal or a muffin or a pop tart, and you'll be in trouble all day no matter what you eat later on. You don't have to eat the second you get up -- you can wait an hour if you like -- but a high protein breakfast is a vital health and energy strategy.
This was driven home anew by an article that appeared in the medical journal Pediatrics last year. It was a study of the effects of the blood sugar impact of various breakfasts on the level of hunger of obese teenage boys for the rest of the day. The outcome? The boys who ate a cheese omelet for breakfast were so much less hungry for the rest of the day that they spontaneously at 81% fewer calories during the rest of the day than the boys who ate instant oatmeal and skim milk! And we know that the same blood sugar stability that keeps you from getting hungry also helps you to be cheerful, clearheaded, and energetic. Not to mention helping you to resist the donuts in the break room and the candy bars in the vending machine.
No matter how rushed you are, you just can't afford to miss a trick like that!
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0.999952 |
What is the merit of a footpath?
Perception of safety; lack of footpath might imply a location is pretty rural, forcing people to choose alternative modes like car or public transport.
Human interactions: benefits of densely packed areas is that people interact with each other and wide foot path provided anopportunity to stay and interact with each other; this is where the footpath changes from being a transport portal to a place.
Business around footpaths flourish and the lack of car parking spaces encourage the workers to engage more in walking.
The value of footpaths are evaluated in different perceptions. People's choice of path influence the connectivity aspecct.
Future: defining the explanation for Los for pedestrians. The existing Los can be used to understand the healthy level of congestion footpath.
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0.99991 |
Subtitle: Could a 'skeleton in Marvin's family cupboard' be used against him?
Credits: First hour: news review: with Green councillor for Clifton Down Carla Denyer, Christine Townsend from Counter Colston group and Dr. Roger Ball from Bristol Radical History Group - Bristol mayor Marvin Rees's father Valentine was one of the biggest gangsters in Bristol, running the unlicensed 'Crystal Dove' club and machete attacked St. Pauls' Republican sympathiser and 1980s civil rights leader Kuomba Balogun. Valentine somehow escaped from custody after being charged, believed to have moved to London. Could this 'skeleton in Marvin's cupboard' be used against him? Marvin as Mayor – talks and campaigned about openness but his door is not always open, library closures, how to deal with cuts – borrow money and illegal budget? Increase in Executive pay; Marvin Rees has defended the decision to keep details of a “huge pay-off” to a former city director private – saying “we have been transparent”. Has £92,000 bung to Anna Klonowski been reported to the police? – leaving Chief Exec.; selling off Bristol Council public space to fill holes in budget; Private firms may be given powers to arrest people: Companies would be able to hold individuals who fail to pay fines imposed by courts - Private security firms such as G4S could be empowered to arrest fine dodgers ; privatising our schools – Academisation – Bristol schools now worsening under system and many 'inadequate'; moving Bristol City Library to The Galleries or Colston Hall; Bristol businesses asked to pay for Christmas lights; Christine Townsend, form Counter Colston Group, went to Colston Society service on anti-slavery day in St. Mary Redcliffe church; Merchant Venturers' Charter Day next Friday on November 10th; Colston Girls School won't change it's name but all of Bristol's Academies have changed school's names; has Colston been canonised? Part of Edward Colston's body, his 'sacred' hair and nails have been kept in cabinets up at Merchants Hall; pagan ancestor worship? PMQs Corbyn – rich paying less tax, HMRC 'dismal' fallen from £4.4bn to £3.5bn since 2009 but being given help by HMRC to avoid tax – cuts – debt interest payments £50bn every year – Tories supported bank bailout in 2008; Years of austerity 'have left UK with same level of public spending as it had 10 years ago' says IFS – what's point of paying Council Tax?
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0.985439 |
Why does my sound cut in and out?
My sound is cutting in and out when playing audio. It only works after I position my hands on the laptop in a funky external position or when I smack it in a correct way. Furthermore, the headphone jack only plays audio out of one channel. I've updated my drivers and done multiple audio tests. The problem seems to be internal. Hope you can help! Thanks!
I'm curious...did the sound work for a long time prior to this? What happened just before the sound quit working?
Bad speakers can (and do) blow audio output circuits. More likely, headphone jacks become intermittent due to the connector getting banged around with headphones or external speakers attached. They break.
Replacing the jack can be (relatively) easy if the jack is on a small daughter-board...you can buy those and swap them out. But.....if the jack is mounted directly to the motherboard then you have to pull the entire thing apart, pull the motherboard out (paying attention to static) then unsolder the old one and solder in a new one. I do this kind of stuff for a living, and frankly I don't like doing it because of the risk something else goes wrong. If you're not experienced with de-soldering (that's the hard part) I wouldn't recommend attempting it on an otherwise-working laptop.
An alternative I normally offer is an external USB audio device. They're cheap and dead-simple to install, assuming you have an available and good USB port. The audio quality is variable.
1. Click "Start", input "Device Manager" (without quotation marks) in the Search box, and then press "Enter".
2. Double-click "Sound, video and game controllers" to expand it.
3. Right-click the installed Sound Card and then click Uninstall.
5. Run Windows Update to install the sound card driver.
1. Click the Start Button, type "MMSYS.CPL" in the Start Search box and press Enter.
2. On Playback tab, click the Speaker which is used and click Properties button.
3. Switch to Advanced tab, uncheck the "Allow applications to take exclusive control of this device" option.
4. If the Enhancements tab is available, click it. Check 'Disable all sound effects".
5. In Setting section, Select None.
Besides, please check if there is audio related software installed. You can temporary remove it to see if the issue occurs.
1. Press Start, type in msinfo32 in the Start Search bar and then press Enter.
2. Choose Save from the File menu and save it as an NFO file.
3. Find the file, right-click on this file, click "Send To", and click "Compressed (zipped) Folder".
Teddy Rowe 가/이 대단히 고마워 할 것입니다.
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0.901251 |
In this letter, we derive a new stepsize adaptation for the normalized least mean square algorithm (NLMS) by describing the task of linear acoustic echo cancellation from a Bayesian network perspective. Similar to the well-known Kalman filter equations, we model the acoustic wave propagation from the loudspeaker to the microphone by a latent state vector and define a linear observation equation (to model the relation between the state vector and the observation) as well as a linear process equation (to model the temporal progress of the state vector). Based on additional assumptions on the statistics of the random variables in observation and process equation, we apply the expectation-maximization (EM) algorithm to derive an NLMS-like filter adaptation.
By exploiting the conditional independence rules for Bayesian networks, we reveal that the resulting EM-NLMS algorithm has a stepsize update equivalent to the optimal-stepsize calculation proposed by Yamamoto and Kitayama in 1982, which has been adopted in many textbooks. As main difference, the instantaneous stepsize value is estimated in the M step of the EM algorithm (instead of being approximated by artificially extending the acoustic echo path). The EM-NLMS algorithm is experimentally verified for synthesized scenarios with both, white noise and male speech as input signal.
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0.953418 |
Think in a holistic way about sustainability problems.
Understand the concepts of sustainability, the issues involved, and the disciplines needed to address real-world problems.
Evaluate the role and effectiveness of a broad range of methods of inquiry and analysis.
Understand the concepts and methods of different disciplines and the way in which these can address sustainability challenges.
Work collaboratively and in multidisciplinary teams.
Understand ethical issues related to sustainability.
Develop creative, adaptive solutions to sustainability challenges.
Ability to design a system, component, or process to meet desired needs with realistic constraints such as economic, environmental, social, political, ethical, health and safety, manufacturability and sustainability.
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0.975272 |
Experience the beauty of World Heritage listed Kakadu National Park, located about three hours east of Darwin. This is the biggest national park in Australia and it's home to wild crocodiles, beautiful waterfalls, lush rainforest and amazing aboriginal history. Your Northern Territory adventure should definitely include a trip to Kakadu National Park!
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0.921614 |
Is Luka Jovic a good candidate to replace Karim Benzema at Real Madrid?
It has been reported from various sections of media in Spain that Real Madrid is interested in bringing Eintracht Frankfurt striker Luka Jovic to the club in the summer. He will come into the club as a potential replacement for long-term striker Karim Benzema.
However, with the club desperate to get back to its winning ways, will Luka Jovic be an ideal candidate to replace the veteran striker?
In 40 appearances across all competitions this season, Serbia's Luka Jovic has scored 21 goals which have made him the best player to play for Eintracht Frankfurt this season. Hence, he has come into the radar of top clubs across Europe with the struggling Real Madrid also interested in the 21-year-old's services.
Although Karim Benzema has done better for the club this season than the previous few campaigns, the Frenchman is nowhere close to what performance would be expected out of the No.9 of a big club like Real Madrid. Hence, to solve the issues for the club in front of the goal, Karim Benzema could be the first casualty in the attack.
Hence, with a number of options to consider for Real Madrid's next No.9, Zinedine Zidane has reportedly expressed his interest to bring Serbia's Luka Jovic to the club. The player is in good form and is someone who can make an instant impact at the club.
Although he may not be in the minds of Real Madrid's bosses as the club's long-term main striker, Luka Jovic does give the flexibility to experiment in the upcoming season. He may not have proved his worth at the highest level but the talent he has shown until now is enough for the club to invest in him.
He is a relatively cheaper option in the market considering other fellow strikers who could be on the move. Not many are aware of the playing style of the Serbian and that would bring the unpredictability factor which can help the club.
Hence, Luka Jovic could indeed be a good option for Real Madrid to replace Karim Benzema.
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0.963362 |
What to do when you are confused?
Confusion means not sure whether to move or stay standing or go backwards, go left or right.
Take the next step, do not stick to a situation. Take immediate action. Take a leap of faith and do something.
They will call you successful, you know why?
Because you dared to do the mistakes that they feared to.
Now they start calling you a genius.
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0.999998 |
Describe key decisions you are responsible for.2. How well do your employees accept changes in the system?3. Is the current system providing you with enough information to help you make decisions?4. Do you have any problems with your current system?
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0.950511 |
What is the recovery like after a rhinoplasty?
The patient is allowed to go home about 2 to 3 hours after surgery once the recovery is complete. During the first 24 hours, ice compresses are applied to the eyes 10 minutes for every hour while the patient is awake. This helps to reduce swelling and bruising. Typically, there is no pain associated with this procedure. The nose may be stuffy for several days and this gradually resolves.
The patient is seen the day after surgery to make sure he or she is doing well. The patient is then seen again 5 days after surgery. At this time the splint is removed. While the nose may be swollen, it will look better than it did before the surgery. About 70 % of the swelling resolves in the first 3 weeks. The remaining 30% takes about 6 months. This 30% is rarely perceptible to the patient or public.
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0.998499 |
What are the differences between a business appraiser, CPA auditor, and a due diligence expert?
It has been said that you cannot judge a man until you have walked a mile in his shoes.
Over the years I have trod the business path--for much more than a mile--in the role (if not in the footwear) of business appraiser, CPA and due diligence expert.
And since setting up Due Diligence Assistance for buyers, I have gained a new respect for what knowledgeable CPAs have to go through when assisting their buyer clients in investigating a business. With very limited information they must determine if the books are "cooked" (containing false and incomplete information) and if so, by how much.
The CPA may find him or herself in the most awkward position of being informed--usually by the seller--that the business books are not completely accurate because they understate the company's earnings--a fabrication intended to reduce the seller's tax liability. Most accounting professionals who listen to that explanation have to wonder if the seller--who now has admitted to being dishonest--is also attempting to deceive the buyer by claiming the company does more business than is shown in its records.
Meanwhile, the appraiser often is asked to take the information provided by the accounting professional and use it to establish a "fair market value" on which the buyer can rely. The competent appraisal professional will, of course, analyze the macroeconomic factors--including industry trends, status of the economy and competitive environment--plus the capacity of the company (given the condition of its assets, the ability and loyalty of employees, and effectiveness of its marketing programs), to continue functioning in the future as it has in the past.
And what does the appraiser make of the figures furnished by the CPA who is analyzing the company's books and hearing about some manipulation by the seller?
The appraisal professional will have to issue a report with a disclaimer, stating either that: 1) the value is based on the figures supplied by the accountant--figures that should be verified, if possible, by the buyer; or 2) the value assumes the validity of income information which has been claimed, but has not been documented, by the seller.
This is the puzzle, not yet solved, that often is delivered to the due diligence advisor, along with the request that he, or she provide a solution.
If the CPA is a "numbers scientist" and the appraiser is a "theorist" who understands how to apply principals and formulae to specific situations, the role of the due diligence expert is to be the "professional investigator." This is the person whose skill is focused on taking all this information, mixing it with his or her detective work, and providing a sensible interpretation of what was learned, so the buyer can make an intelligent decision about whether or not to buy the business, and if so, for how much.
Among the questions to be pondered by the due diligence pro is the validity of the seller's stated reason for wanting to turn the business over to someone else. In my experience, there often is another reason--one that is not stated. And part of the job of the person conducting due diligence is to try to learn what's really going on.
Accurate answers to this question can shed a new light on the situation and help a buyer to determine--along with the other information provided by the due diligence advisor--if this really is a business worth buying, and if so, at what price.
About The Author: Willard Michlin, CPA offers business buyers Due Diligence Services (Second Opinion, Offer Assistance, Final Due Diligence) when they are thinking of making an offer on a business or in the process of investigating a business purchase. Serving all of Southern California. He has written numerous articles on the due diligence process and can be reached direct at 805-428-2063 for more information and an appointment.
Thank you for a good Blog Willard, I agree, it is correct that each industry has its own particular issues. Our specialty is the vended laundry; an all cash business. There are many areas in any business that one needs to understand. An Accountant alone is not usually going to be sufficient. Investors should seek experts in or that somewhat specialize in the industry they are investing into for additional information. Making contacts within an industry is important going forward anyway. It is a fact that determining the value of a business it is important to also understand that one is not relying on the businesses history but rather its ability to sustain and improve on its current position, going forward.
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0.963165 |
In 1879 at the age of 27, he took control of Monticello, Thomas Jefferson's home. His late uncle Uriah P. Levy had purchased the property in 1834, several years after Jefferson's death. Like his uncle, Levy spent a considerable part of his fortune in having Monticello and its grounds restored and preserved. In 1923, the property was purchased by the Thomas Jefferson Foundation (then known as the Thomas Jefferson Memorial Foundation), a privately established group formed to purchase and operate Monticello as a memorial. It has since operated the site and mansion as a house museum. The Levy family privately protected the National Historic Landmark for nearly a century because of their regard for Thomas Jefferson and on behalf of the American people.
Born in New York City to Jonas Levy and Frances (Phillips) Levy, an American Jewish couple, Jefferson was one of five children. His father was a merchant and sea captain, and his mother was a descendant of Jonas Phillips and his wife Rebecca Machado. Levy and his siblings attended public and private schools. His mother's parents had immigrated from Germany and London in the mid-1700s, respectively; and his father's Sephardic Jewish ancestors, also from London, were among the first settlers of Savannah, Georgia in 1733.
Levy graduated from the New York University Law School in 1873. He was admitted to the bar and practiced in New York City, making money in real estate investment and finance.
Jefferson Levy's uncle Uriah P. Levy, the first Jewish commodore (highest rank at the time) of the US Navy, had bought Monticello and some related property in 1834. He had spent much money to restore and preserve the house and grounds, which he used as a summer retreat. During the American Civil War, the Confederacy took control of the property. After the war, the lawyers of Levy's estate regained it for his heirs. In 1879, after buying out the other heirs of his uncle Uriah P. Levy for $10,050, Jefferson Levy took control of Monticello (formerly the plantation of Thomas Jefferson).
When Jefferson Levy took over, the grounds had been reduced to 218 acres. During his tenure, he bought 500 acres to add to the complex. The house and grounds were in severe disrepair due to the overseer Joel Wheeler's lack of care, and lengthy lawsuits among the heirs after his uncle's death. Levy spent hundreds of thousands of dollars repairing, restoring and preserving Monticello, work led by Thomas Rhodes, his on-site superintendent. Levy regularly spent four months a year at the estate and became active in Charlottesville. In 1880 he paid for the restoration of the Town Hall, originally built as a theater, and named it the Levy Opera House. He allowed visitors to see the house Monticello, sometimes getting as many as 60 per day.
In 1915, after the Southerner Woodrow Wilson was elected to the presidency, the likelihood of Congressional approval seemed high, but authorization was not achieved. In the post-World War I economic depression, Levy's fortune declined. In 1923 he agreed to a down payment and mortgage for the sale of Monticello to the newly organized Thomas Jefferson Foundation, which raised funds for the purchase and to operate it as a house museum.
Jefferson Levy never married; his mother and a sister acted as hostesses during his stays at Monticello.
Levy died in New York City in 1924. He was interred in Beth Olom Cemetery, associated with the Spanish and Portuguese Synagogue in Brooklyn, near his uncle Uriah Levy.
Levy was elected as a Democrat to the Fifty-sixth Congress, serving from March 4, 1899 to March 3, 1901. He was not a candidate for renomination in 1900. After this, he resumed the practice of law in New York City, and attended to his real estate and stock investments.
He was later elected to the Sixty-second and Sixty-third Congresses, serving from March 4, 1911 to March 3, 1915. He was not a candidate for renomination in 1914. He resumed the practice of law in New York City.
Levy was involved with the American Boy Scouts. He resigned from the board along with William Randolph Hearst over poor fundraising actions in 1910.
In 1894 Levy became a member of the New York State Society of the Sons of the American Revolution. He was assigned national membership number 4539 and state society number 439.
George Burroughs Torrey painted Levy's portrait.
He restored and preserved Monticello, now designated a National Historic Landmark; and restored Town Hall in Charlottesville.
After 1985, when Dan Jordan became president of the Thomas Jefferson Foundation, he arranged to honor the Levy family - uncle and nephew- at Monticello for their roles in preserving the mansion. Jordan had Rachel Levy's gravesite restored, and the Foundation commissioned a monograph that recognized the contributions of the family and was published in 2001.
In 2001, the Thomas Jefferson Foundation published The Levy Family and Monticello, 1834-1923: Saving Thomas Jefferson's House, a history of Jefferson and Uriah Levy's contributions. That same year, Free Press/Simon & Schuster published Marc Leepson's Saving Monticello: The Levy Family's Epic Quest to Rescue the House that Jefferson Built.
United States Congress. "Jefferson Monroe Levy (id: L000268)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress.
^ a b c d Usofsky, Melvin I. (Summer 2002). "The Levy Family and Monticello". Virginia Quarterly Review: 395–412.
Leepson, Marc (2001). Saving Monticello: The Levy family's Epic Quest to Rescue the House That Jefferson Built. New York: Free Press. ISBN 0-7432-0106-X. Retrieved October 21, 2012.
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0.999972 |
The main article for this category is Bristol.
For the city in Connecticut, see Category:Bristol, Connecticut. For the city in Tennessee, see Category:Bristol, Tennessee. For the city in Virginia, see Category:Bristol, Virginia. For the town in Vermont, see Category:Bristol, Vermont.
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0.986684 |
What Can Possibly Be More Interesting Than This Article?
Australia's Channel 2, the government funded Australian Broadcasting Corporation (ABC), used to host a show called "Backchat". Viewers were invited to submit their opinions about ABC broadcasts beamed into their televisions and radios. If what the viewer or listener had to say was current enough, witty, or clever, part of their submissions would be quoted on-air.
Backchat, aired twice a week, was a ten-minute segment that filled the gap between 9.20pm and 9.30pm; the concept was brilliant. Viewers got a thrill when the best parts of their letters were read out for all the nation to hear. The interesting thing about it was that there were often multiple comments on the same topic, giving a theme to that day's Backchat. The ABC had found a way to seem accountable to the public and, at the same time, attract viewers to their television station.
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0.984573 |
- Passing <code>relerr=0</code> (or any <code>relerr</code> less than machine precision ε≈10<sup>−16</sup>) corresponds to requesting [[w:Machine epsilon|machine precision]], and in practice a relative error < 10<sup>−13</sup> is usually achieved. Specifying a larger value of <code>relerr</code> generally improves performance (at the expense of accuracy). + Omitting the <code>relerr</code> argument, or passing <code>relerr=0</code> (or any <code>relerr</code> less than machine precision ε≈10<sup>−16</sup>), corresponds to requesting [[w:Machine epsilon|machine precision]], and in practice a relative error < 10<sup>−13</sup> is usually achieved. Specifying a larger value of <code>relerr</code> generally improves performance (at the expense of accuracy).
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0.922873 |
What is Cleganebowl and why are 'Game of Thrones' fans hyped for it?
The Hound vs. The Mountain — Cleganebowl.
It would be the clash of a generation: the Mountain and the Hound, two brothers who've been enemies since they were children, meeting in battle one last time.
Cleganebowl is the name of the fight that Game of Thrones fans have dreamed up, pitting Sandor "The Hound" Clegane vs. Gregor "The Mountain" Clegane in a duel that would likely end in death. The two Cleganes, although similarly fierce warriors, are diametrically opposed and have made it abundantly clear that they would kill each other given the chance.
Let's dig into what exactly makes Cleganbowl such a juicy fight.
You know how Sandor has a pretty nasty scar on his face and scalp and he's afraid of fire? Well, that's because of his brother Gregor.
When Sandor was young, he found a toy that his brother wasn't using and decided to play with it. In what can only be described as a morbid overreaction, Gregor silently grabbed his younger brother and shoved his face into a burning brazier.
Since their childhoods, the two brothers have never had a good relationship. This comes up in the first season of Game of Thrones when Gregor loses in a joust and his brother steps in to stop him from killing his opponent, Ser Loras Tyrell. The two parry swords for a moment before King Robert Baratheon calls on them to stop, when Sandor immediately kneels and Gregor's sword comes within inches of delivering a fatal blow.
It was years before they saw each other again in Season 7, and although the Mountain is now basically a monstrous zombie, the Hound doesn't hold back from reminding him who will end his life — the biggest sign that Cleganebowl will go down in Season 8.
Time and time again, Gregor has shown just how relentlessly sadistic he is, stopping at almost nothing to terrorize, torture, and kill people.
He's done some truly heinous things, having possibly killed his own sister and father, numerous servants at Clegane Keep, which was before he was knighted at Tywin Lannister's request. During Robert's Rebellion against the Targaryens, Gregor committed more horrible acts, killing the two children of Rhaegar Targaryen and Elia Martell, and then raped Elia before murdering her — an act he boasted about when he dueled her brother Oberyn Martell.
In the middle seasons of Game of Thrones after the Lannisters take control of King's Landing, Gregor pillages the Riverlands ferociously, striking fear into people everywhere stemming from his vicious acts of torture and terror, seen by Arya Stark at Harrenhal.
Sandor, seeing all the horrible things one can commit as a knight, decides that he will not take a knighthood, not wanting to be associated with his brother.
Sandor has clearly harbored an intense hatred for his horrible brother since a young age, so the two coming to blows doesn't seem like a stretch at all.
Aside from the fact that there's all this history and the Clegane brothers truly hate each other, there are numerous clues that these two will clash.
Although one of them is called the Hound, both come from house Clegane, whose banner depicts three dogs on a field of yellow. There are numerous references in the show and books to fights between hounds, including visions from Bran Stark.
Some of them are historical, but as we know, history often repeats itself, and YouTuber bridge4 goes deep into how old tales could become new again.
Things may not necessarily go as fans hope, but signs seem to point to the coming Cleganebowl, especially considering the actor behind the Mountain teased that one of his favorite scenes is yet to come.
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0.997564 |
Since it is not affected by anything i have unlocked (through levels, raids, card packs, ...), is there anything that gives me an advantage for the arena-mode?
Game knowledge is very important in Arena, to play effectively you need to be familiar with the class you're playing and all the cards in the game. There is a large component of luck in Arena, both in the draft and in the actual games, but there is also a significant skill component.
The actual games are similar to the other modes, with the exception that you can't rely on the two cards per deck limit to guess which cards your opponent might have on hand. The decks are also very different compared to constructed and rely much more on strong individual cards than specific combos. But most of your skill from constructed play should transfer to Arena.
Drafting is the most difficult part for a new player, I'd strongly recommend to use a drafting guide like Trump's Arena Tier List to help until you're comfortable with it.
If you enjoy the Arena mode more than constructed play, just start playing it and don't worry. If you don't enjoy it, just ignore it. If you're good enough to get more than 4 wins regularly, Arena is also more efficient than buying packs.
In short, I'd recommend to play Arena once you feel reasonably comfortable with the general rules and tactics. If you win less than 3 times on average you might want to practice a bit more before playing more Arena. Then you're likely making too many mistakes in either drafting or playing.
There is nothing you can do give yourself an advantage when it comes to arena. Everyone has to choose 1 of 3 randomly generated cards from the entire deck list (apart from promotional cards e.g. ETC and Gelbin) 30 times. The rarer the card, the rarer it is for it to show up in the arena. You may argue that someone gets lucky by getting one or more legendaries and has the advantage, but drafting a successful arena deck is mainly based off of card knowledge and knowing what card to pick in which situation e.g. picking more low cost cards if you have too many high cost ones or not picking a card heavily reliant on synergy when your current deck cannot take advantage of it.
Knowing a tier list can be quite important when you are just starting out. Many cards sound good on paper but can be outmatched by more basic cards. It is best to go for a safe draft when picking for arena; as the cards you can get are random, you won't want to be betting on getting a certain kind of card to enable synergy e.g. picking a lot of spell damage minions when you have no spells.
As for when you should start paying arena, well it all depends on your skill at both playing matches and drafting a deck. You may want to focus more on constructed play until you are comfortable with creating a good deck and have decent knowledge of most or all cards. I would suggest visiting the arena ever so often and see how you finish most times. If your wins are high you can safely do it more often, if not then I would practise more.
How can I get gold in Hearthstone?
How common are the card rarities in Arena?
Do arena entrances or card pack prices ever change?
Is there a correlation between my collection and the arena cards?
How can I personalize my hero and card back in Arena mode?
Does a Legendary Card obtained as an arena reward resets the 'Pity Timer'?
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0.99901 |
Disneyland Paris was the object of intense resistance by French citizens who feared U.S. cultural influence would undermine French traditions. Despite these concerns, the park still manages to draw over 10 million visitors each year.
In 1900, the United States was an emerging giant. In the midst of its second industrial revolution, America had just begun to acquire an overseas empire and international influence.
During the first half of the 20th century, the United States proved to be the decisive combatant in two major world wars, earning the right to determine a post war outcome. The Cold War that plagued the world in the last half of the 20th century proved in the end to be an American victory as well.
American scientists had developed nuclear technology, the computer, put human beings on the moon, and were at the vanguard of immunization techniques.
America's postwar economy was the envy of the globe. A consumer-driven middle class built the highest standard of living in the world. American popular culture was everywhere. Levi's jeans, Coca-Cola, McDonald's, and Hollywood movies were enjoyed around the world.
When the Soviet Union collapsed in 1991, the United States was the only remaining military superpower, and the world looked to Washington for leadership at combating aggression in the Persian Gulf, ending ethnic cleansing in places such as Kosovo, and halting nuclear proliferation.
The North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) ended economic barriers with Canada and Mexico and promised even more prosperity.
Why then did so many Americans feel uneasiness and uncertainty as the 21st century approached? Economic challenges were created by the prosperous Pacific Rim and a stronger European Union. Despite prosperity, real incomes stagnated for the bottom half of American wage earners. Although legal barriers to equality were largely eliminated for American minority groups, economic equality was but a dream. Women made advances toward equity, but still earned less than 75 cents for every dollar earned by American males. Many Americans felt they were working longer hours for less.
The European Union, whose flag is seen above, is an organization of 15 European countries working together to manage political and economic cooperation. From 1999 to 2002, member nations will be adopting the "Euro" as the new, single currency of Europe.
Pessimists depicted America as a civilization in decline. The rise of the divorce rate led to many children being raised in broken homes. Gun violence was a major problem. School shootings became commonplace. When two students entered Columbine High School in Littleton, Colorado in April 1999 with weapons, they murdered thirteen people before taking their own lives. Critics pointed to a media that glorified and promoted violence, permissive gun laws, failing schools, and neglectful parenting.
Environmentalists observed the ominous dwindling of rainforests and global warming trends. Disasters such as the Exxon Valdez oil spill of 1989 and rising gasoline prices in 2000 illustrated America's embarrassing dependency on fossil fuels and the ecological and economic havoc that resulted.
Will the 21st century also be an American century? Or will the United States be eclipsed by new superpowers like China or the European Union? Only time will reveal the answers.
In the meanwhile, the United States will rely on its history of increasing democracy and respect for human rights, its dynamic diversity, and the innovative character of its people to seek new solutions to whatever problems may arise.
The Exxon Valdez spilled 11 million gallons of crude oil into Alaska's Prince William Sound. At the time, it was the largest spill in U.S. history.
Pop quiz! Franklin D. Roosevelt, Albert Einstein, or Mohandas Ghandi — who was Time magazines "Person of the Century?"
In one year, firearms killed no children in Japan, 19 in Great Britain, 57 in Germany, 109 in France, 153 in Canada, and 5,285 in the United States.
The second half of the 20th century saw the formation of a powerful economic and political alliance in Europe — the European Union. Get the scoop on this important organization at this excellent guide featuring pages on the history of the EU, its workings, and more. And when you're all done, take the Euro quiz — are you a Euro whiz?? This is a pdf file.
The 20th century is over, but it has left behind a legacy of faces, actions, and quotes. In this challenging but entertaining game from Time magazine, match the 100 most influential faces of the 20th century to their names. Sound easy? The bonus round asks players to match sound clips and short facts with the faces as well. Good luck.
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0.964432 |
Guess who plays the villain for Arun Vijay this time?
The movie was so good. Suriya acted very good in the movie. The story and screenplay in the movie was also good in the movie. The movie was interesting and thrilling.
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0.997102 |
Vacation rentals near Disney World Orlando Florida have a prominence. They are located not just in any area, rather the most popular area in the world. Kids and adults would agree that no place beats the Disney Orlando Area. Disney Orlando Vacation Rentals always have a large number of visitors to cater to, millions every year. The reason is the presence of Disney World, the stuff of dreams for every kid. The Walt Disney World Resort is a collection of the theme parks, two water parks, sports facility, restaurants, entertainment centers, and a racetrack. Disney World is a theme park conceived by Walt Disney. Since its opening in 1971, it's been making the dreams of kids and adults a reality. The major attractions of Disney World in Orlando are the various rides, the shows, and the fireworks. But Disney World isn't the only one here.
With its pleasant weather and scenic setting among the inland lakes, citrus groves and coastal beaches, it is little wonder that Orlando, Florida, is one of the world's most popular vacation spots. Disney Orlando area is also home to some of the big names of the world of entertainment, such as Magic Kingdom, Epcot, Disney's Animal Kingdom, Sea World of Florida, Universal Studios of Florida and Disney-MGM Studios. The latter two are movie parks that movie buffs shouldn't miss at all. Disney-MGM Studios offers the ambience of Hollywood, together with television and movie themes. SeaWorld, Discovery Cove, Universal Studios, and Islands of Adventure are rival establishments to Disney World in the Disney Orlando area. These world class attractions have earned Orlando the name "The world's biggest playground". While visiting Disney World, Orlando and Kissimmee, vacationers can take a thrilling helicopter ride - from a quick over flight to an all inclusive option.
The Orlando area is also a golfer's paradise - there are over 80 golf courses here that serve all skill levels. Many of these golf courses were designed by such greats as Robert Trent Jones, Tom Fazio, and Jack Nicklaus. Orlando also offers some of the finest outdoor fun activities for guests of Florida Vacation Homes. Orlando is also called as 'Hollywood East' because of the many cinematic enterprises here. Visitors to Orlando can also add Cape Canaveral and the John F. Kennedy Space Center in their itinerary. If you want to escape the crowds and still want to have fun, the smaller Orlando Science Center and WonderWorks should draw your attention. For guests of Florida Vacation Homes, the dreams just keep building up, and there's much more than a day could hold. Reserve a vacation rental in Disney Orlando area and spend a fun-filled vacation with your family at this theme park haven. Walt Disney beckons.
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0.998262 |
Create a seasonal feel-good post-event video of a world record attempt to gather 2,000 people dressed as elves for a 1km fun-run.
Elf Run is the family festive event of the year. It’s a 1k fun-run around intu Metrocentre before the shops open, for bairns and adults alike, all dressed as elves.
Everyone was in good spirits which was great for us and made the end product even better with so much footage to choose from. We got in the spirit of things too and wore full elf fancy dress, but we learned the hard way that wearing felt elf costumes while filming you can get unseasonably warm!
The video was predominantly shared natively on Facebook – it seen loads of people sharing the video and tagging their friends, having seen them and their kids make the cut.
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0.999728 |
Can I copy and paste a photo from a Word document to a text box for bulletin boards?
Pasting from Microsoft Word into a bulletin board or other text box does not work.
Without an image source file, the Text box does not know where to pull the image from. Because of this you would not be able to copy paste from a word document because there isn't a image source file to locate on the web.
You can load a photo to the text box directly from your computer and set the size limitation for photos in text content.
You can then set the max width and height (this will only affect new photos that are added and any existing photos will need to be removed and added again to follow this change.
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0.999862 |
The following table lists the parameters that configure Quick Setup soft key.
0 (default) - Disables the quick setup feature.
1 - Enables the quick setup feature.
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0.992282 |
Approximately 15% of the shirts at windsor and best garment factory are labeled irregular and di not receive the windsor and best label. At this rate how many shirts neef to be made to produce approximately 500 Windsor and Best shirts are not irregular?
the number that are made will be irregulars.
500 = 85% of the number.
500 = 0.85 of the number.
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0.999936 |
Learn more about the infographics.
In just about any instructional environment, a teacher or trainer is typically faced with learners who represent a wide variety of experience and a diverse body of knowledge coming into a class or seminar.
As a result, the learners are forced into a situation where they must adapt themselves to the material, rather than the instruction customizing itself to serve the needs of the learner. Some will already possess knowledge on the topic being taught, and will be bored during the early portions of the class or seminar, while others might find themselves behind the baseline level of knowledge the curriculum takes for granted. They will struggle to catch up.
Adaptive teaching attempts to solve this problem by using information about what a learner knows or doesn’t know about a topic and suggesting either remedial material before beginning or an appropriate place in the curriculum to jump in and continue.
Because this initial assessment is required, adaptive teaching tools can frequently include computer-based pre-tests and guided learning. From these early assessments, traditional forms of study such as supplemental reading, can be recommended.
One tool that also lends itself to streamlining this process in the business training or seminar environment is audience response technology. Using these tools, instructors can gather data on time spent reading supplemental information found online and scores on self-assessment, while each learner is individually guided through these materials. Follow up tests and quizzes can also be administered through audience response technology to gauge a learner’s progress.
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There are many possible causes of diarrhea in children but the most common are viruses. This is why most children with diarrhea get better on their own, without any specific medications or antibiotics. Sometimes the diarrhea may be the only symptom, but a child may have associated symptoms such as vomiting, as well as a low-grade fever (known as gastroenteritis). In most cases the illness lasts for three to six days.
The main concern when dealing with diarrhea (and/or vomiting) is dehydration. Children, can easily become dehydrated if they lose more fluid than they take in. So taking care of them is like playing "catch-up"; with the goal being for them to drink enough to make up for the fluid lost in the diarrhea.
What is the treatment of diarrhea?
In most cases, the treatment is to give the child adequate amounts of fluid, depending on the severity of the symptoms. Recently, doctors have modified their approach to mild cases of diarrhea and usually do not change the child's diet at all. In moderate illness, specific liquids are used called "oral rehydration solutions". Never give only water to a child who is vomiting or has diarrhea. This can be dangerous. The body needs a certain (right) amount of salt and sugar, which are not in adequate amounts in water nor in watered-down juice or soft drinks. Only "oral rehydration solutions" such as Pedialyte or Infalyte contain the right amount of sugar and salt. Generally milk can be continued as long as it does not make the diarrhea worse. Breastfeeding can usually continue as well. Also, if a child is hungry, let him/her eat. Anti-diarrhea medicines should not be used in children. They are not helpful and indeed may be harmful.
If a child has just vomited, parents should wait for half an hour and then begin giving fluids starting with one tablespoon. If the child keeps it down, five minutes later, one and a half tablespoons is given and so on, progressively increasing the amount each time. Should the child vomit again take a break for about 30 minutes and start the cycle over again. If the child cannot keep any fluids down, medical attention should be sought. Happily, most children will be able to keep down enough fluids and the vomiting as well as any other associated "gastroenteritis" symptoms go away on their own. If a vomiting child also has a fever and cannot keep the fever medication down, suppository acetaminophen is a very practical solution.
Can it get more serious?
In severe cases of diarrhea (and/or vomiting) and dehydration, and they are relatively rare, the only treatment is the administration of intravenous fluids in a hospital setting. Because each child is different, the specific treatment is based on the individual situation.
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0.99203 |
I drive for Uber, can I deduct miles?
One of my Uber colleagues said I can deduct all of the miles I incur while driving for Uber.
Is this true? I don't want to get in trouble with the IRS.
Self-employed individuals are allowed to deduct the costs of doing business. For Uber drivers, this means deducting some of the costs of operating a vehicle.
There are a few different ways the IRS allows you to deduct miles, but the standard mileage rate (SMR) is the simplest method used to claim an automobile expense deduction. This method gives you a deduction for mileage related to business use. For Uber drivers, this means mileage used for picking up passengers and driving to and from destinations.
When using the SMR, your deduction is fixed, and you cannot deduct other automobile expenses for maintenance, oil, gas, tires or insurance. For 2014, the standard mileage rate for the business use of a car is 56 cents per mile.
In order to claim the mileage deduction, you must keep accurate records of the date of travel, the business purpose and round-trip mileage. QuickBooks Self-Employed offers a useful mileage log you can use to ensure compliance with IRS record-keeping requirements. Once you enter the relevant information, QuickBooks Self-Employed automatically claims the deduction for you, giving you peace of mind to focus on running and growing your business.
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0.979932 |
What are the best dogs for kids? It all depends on your household’s activity level, family energy, and living situation. But, in general, you can’t go wrong with a dog that has a gentle demeanor, friendly attitude, trainable nature, and an ability to keep up with your family.
Those characteristics can cover a wide variety of breeds, however. So how do you choose the right four-legged fit? Consider the following factors as you research family dog breeds, and keep in mind that the best family dogs are truly unique to you and your needs.
What should I consider when looking for kid-friendly dogs?
Size: Tiny dogs can be more fragile, and might be comfortable around older, more cautious kids. Some very large dogs may be right at home with a rough-and-tumble crew, but require regular walks or a yard to romp in. Make sure your family’s circumstances suit the size of your potential new pet.
Energy: Some dogs love to run and roam; others will gladly forgo fetch for cuddles on the couch. The best dogs for families—naturally—will vary depending on the family, so consider whether your crew is looking for a hiking buddy or a furry snuggle bug.
Temperament: Is your family prone to fits of giggles? More serious and stoic? Different dogs have different personalities too, and your pet’s should fit in right alongside your family’s.
Care Requirements: Have you thought about grooming? Who will take the dog for walks? Consider your potential pet’s needs and whether or not your family can meet them before committing to that adorable furry face.
These playful pups are active, loveable and responsive to training. They enjoy an occasional adventure where they can sniff out a scent.
Good to Know: Dachshunds were bred to chase vermin, so they need regular exercise or play sessions, and may not do well with other very small pets.
Sturdy, stout and silly, these pups are known for playful personalities and snort-inducing antics.
Good to Know: Exercise and grooming needs are minimal, but because of their shorter snout, you should take care of Frenchies in hot weather. Those adorable facial wrinkles should also be cleaned regularly with a damp cloth.
Once a pet among Cuban elite, the Havanese was born to be a companion and can be one of the best small dogs for families. He’s trainable, affectionate and sturdy for his short stature.
Good to Know: Havanese has a hypoallergenic coat that requires brushing 2-3 times a week and regular grooming.
These dainty dogs take to training eagerly. They are good-natured, high-spirited and gentle with children.
Good to Know: If you’re looking for small dog breeds for kids who are older, consider a Papillon. Very young children may not know how to properly handle their delicate frames.
The Cavalier King Charles loves companionship and shows it with an eager-to-please attitude. He’s good with other pets and friendly to anyone he meets.
Good to Know: These family-friendly dogs don’t need extensive exercise, but they do love to sniff, explore and play outside from time to time.
Staunchly silly and easily trainable, Pugs have earned a reputation as one of the best small dogs for kids. They’re patient and steady, but never take themselves too seriously.
Good to Know: Because of their short noses, care should be taken with Pugs in extreme heat. They may also generally wheeze and snore.
These sweet-tempered fellows always seem to top the list of best dog breeds for families, and it’s no wonder. They prefer company and thrive in a pack—whether that’s made up of humans or other canines.
Good to Know: Beagles have strong instincts to follow their noses, and need a lot of exercise. They can also be stubborn and single-minded if they catch a particularly interesting scent.
Known for their intelligence, Poodles are adept at learning tricks and have a dignified and obedient demeanor.
Good to Know: While no dog is 100% hypoallergenic, Poodles tend to be better tolerated by those with allergies, and many love spending time in the water.
If your family is always in the great outdoors and likes to be on-the-go, a Vizsla may love tagging along. They’re gentle, sensitive and have a keen nose for adventure.
Good to Know: Vizlsas are highly active and need to run, range and play strenuously—every day.
Patient and protective, Boxers love human company and are known as one of the best dogs for children. They’re also typically well-mannered with other household pets.
Good to Know: Boxers like to run, so they’re great companions for jogs or long walks. They may have a stubborn streak.
Gentle and mild-mannered, Collies are super family-oriented and particularly affectionate with children. Plus, they have the energy to keep up with the whole household!
Good to Know: Don’t confuse a standard Collie with a Border Collie. Border Collies have strong herding drives and can be a bit too much for some young children.
There’s a reason they make incredible service dogs. Goldens are gentle, smart and enthusiastic, and their playful side makes them great with kids too.
Good to Know: Golden Retrievers are strong and athletic, and they have an active nature, so make sure they get plenty of exercise.
Irish setters are athletic, enthusiastic and even-tempered—all things that make them one of the best dog breeds for active families.
Good to Know: Irish Setters live their lives with gusto and need a daily outlet for energy, including plenty of exercise.
Adept service dogs, playful companions, excellent exercise buddies—is there anything Labs can’t do? Widely known as one of the best family dogs, these amiable pups are among the most popular in the United States.
Good to Know: Labs need daily exercise, and love to retrieve and swim. Their coat naturally sheds water.
There’s no better word to describe this gentle giant than “sweet.” Newfoundlands are notoriously patient, calm and great with children.
Good to Know: Of all the dogs that are good with kids, Newfoundlands are one of the biggest (up to 150 pounds), so they need plenty of room to romp. Some may also drool.
Find a furry family member by checking out adoptable pets in your area now —because family, of course, is what you make it—and that includes our furry friends.
Note: While the breeds in this collection tend to be excellent with kids, individual pets will vary based on personality, training, and life experience. Please consult the adoption organization for details on a specific pet.
Once a pet among Cuban elite, the Havanese was born to be a companion, and can be one of the best small dogs for families.
The Cavalier King Charles loves companionship, and shows it with an eager-to-please attitude.
Staunchly silly and easily trainable, Pugs have earned a reputation as one of the best small dogs for kids.
These sweet-tempered fellows always seem to top the list of best dog breeds for families, and it’s no wonder.
If your family is always in the great outdoors and likes to be on-the-go, a Vizsla may love tagging along.
Patient and protective, Boxers love human company and are known as one of the best dogs for children.
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0.998095 |
I've got a chapter of The Work nearly presentable for Magic City Writers, which is good considering that they'll need it tomorrow if they're going to have a week to critique it before our January 8th meeting.
This single 2,100ish-word chapter is the hardest-researched and most-thought-about prose I've ever written, especially given the short amount of time it's been since coming up with the story idea: December 5, so it's been less than a month. Behind the scenes, I've constructed a massive mind map to support the conceptual framework of the novel, written over 8,700 words of characters' backstory, and put together two full chapter-by-chapter outlines in Scrivener (I threw away the first).
I've also been filling my head with great (well, awful, but a great kind of awful) material, for nearly four weeks straight now. In novels: Whispers by Dean Koontz, Misery by Stephen King, Odd Thomas by Koontz, and I'm in the middle of The Shining by King. And in audio: I've listened to eighteen or so half-hour episodes of the Pseudopod horror podcast in the car going to and from work. The podcast in particular has been helpful: Pseudopod is an excellent resource for what sounds good and is paced well for the ear, instead of just the page.
It's been lot of work in a short time for 2,100 words, true, but so far the result has been unlike anything I've ever produced. Rough around the edges, but almost entirely character-driven, and using better-realized characters: plot movement can just fall into place when the characters are people you feel like you know. Their motivations pull the story along, instead of the reverse.
It's all been surprisingly easy, and surprisingly simple, and yet frighteningly exposed: I'm used to a LOT more worldbuilding being required. The Work is taking place entirely in modern-day America, with only a few brand names changed to protect the innocent. There's no sheen from duralloy bulkheads or glow from magical thought-eating algae to hide behind here: it's just me, the characters and the reader.
TL;DR: this feels great. I'm enjoying the act of writing more than I have in years, and I've hardly been hating it. This is definitely a new phase of the craft for me, and I'm loving the ride.
The lettering’s density was greatest around her forearms, the skin rougher there, scarred in dozens and dozens of tiny parallel lines. The blocky, brutish parallel strokes of blackletter Fraktur--verses from Luther’s Gospel of John--fit between the ridges like pavement between guardrails. They hid almost perfectly from the eye.
Adriana ran her fingertips over the ridges, remembering.
And the ride is pretty dang good so far, judging from my first sample!!!
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0.862167 |
Henry Merritt "Hank" Paulson Jr. (born March 28, 1946) is an American banker who served as the 74th Secretary of the Treasury. Prior to his role in the Department of the Treasury, Paulson was the chairman and chief executive officer (CEO) of Goldman Sachs. He is now the chairman of the Paulson Institute, which he founded in 2011 to promote sustainable economic growth and a cleaner environment around the world, with an initial focus on the United States and China.
Paulson was born in Palm Beach, Florida, the son of Marianne (née Gallauer) and Henry Merritt Paulson, a wholesale jeweler. He was raised as a Christian Scientist on a farm in Barrington, Illinois. He has Norwegian, German, and English Canadian ancestry. Paulson attained the rank of Eagle Scout in the Boy Scouts of America and is a recipient of the Distinguished Eagle Scout Award.
A star athlete at Barrington High School, Paulson was a champion wrestler and stand-out football player, graduating in 1964. Paulson received his B.A. in English from Dartmouth College in 1968; at Dartmouth he was a member of Sigma Alpha Epsilon and he was an All-Ivy, All-East, and honorable mention All-American as an offensive lineman. Paulson received his Master of Business Administration degree from Harvard Business School in 1970.
He met his wife, Wendy Judge, a Wellesley College graduate, during his senior year. The couple have two adult children, sports-team owner Henry Merritt Paulson III, more commonly known as Merritt Paulson, and journalist Amanda Paulson, also a graduate of Dartmouth. The Paulsons became grandparents in June 2007. They maintain homes in both Chicago and Barrington Hills (a suburb of Chicago).
Paulson joined Goldman Sachs in 1974, working in the firm's Chicago office under James P. Gorter, covering large industrial companies in the Midwest. He became a partner in 1982. From 1983 until 1988, Paulson led the Investment Banking group for the Midwest Region, and became managing partner of the Chicago office in 1988. From 1990 to November 1994, he was co-head of Investment Banking, then Chief Operating Officer from December 1994 to June 1998, eventually succeeding Jon Corzine as chief executive. His compensation package, according to reports, was $37 million in 2005, and $16.4 million projected for 2006. His net worth has been estimated at over $700 million.
Paulson has personally built close relations with China during his career. In July 2008, The Daily Telegraph reported "Treasury Secretary Hank Paulson has intimate relations with the Chinese elite, dating from his days at Goldman Sachs when he visited the country more than 70 times."
Before becoming Treasury Secretary, he was required to liquidate all of his stock holdings in Goldman Sachs, valued at over $600 million in 2006, in order to comply with conflict-of-interest regulations. Because of a tax provision passed under President George H.W. Bush, Paulson was not subject to capital gains tax. This saved him between $36 and $50 million in taxes.
Paulson was nominated on May 30, 2006, by U.S. President George W. Bush to succeed John Snow as the Treasury Secretary. On June 28, 2006, he was confirmed by the United States Senate to serve in the position. Paulson was sworn in at a ceremony held at the Treasury Department on the morning of July 10, 2006.
Paulson identified the wide gap between the richest and poorest Americans as an issue on his list of the country's four major long-term economic issues to be addressed, highlighting the issue in one of his first public appearances as Secretary of Treasury.
Paulson was known to have persuaded President George W. Bush to allow him to spearhead U.S.-China relations and initiated and led the U.S.-China Strategic Economic Dialogue, a forum and mechanism under which the two countries addressed global areas of immediate and long-term strategic and economic interest. In spring 2007, Paulson warned an audience at the Shanghai Futures Exchange that China needed to free up capital markets to avoid losing potential economic growth, saying: "An open, competitive, and liberalized financial market can effectively allocate scarce resources in a manner that promotes stability and prosperity far better than governmental intervention." In September 2008, in light of the economic crisis experienced by the U.S. in the interim, Chinese leaders evidenced hesitation to follow Paulson's advice.
In April 2007, he delivered an upbeat assessment of the economy, saying growth was healthy and the housing market was nearing a turnaround. "All the signs I look at" show "the housing market is at or near the bottom," Paulson said in a speech to a business group in New York. The U.S. economy is "very healthy" and "robust," Paulson said.
In August 2007, Secretary Paulson explained that U.S. subprime mortgage fallout remained largely contained due to the strongest global economy in decades.
As we work our way through this turbulence, our highest priority is limiting its impact on the real economy. We must maintain stable, orderly and liquid financial markets and our banks must continue to play their vital role of supporting the economy by making credit available to consumers and businesses. And we must of course focus on housing, which precipitated the turmoil in the capital markets, and is today the biggest downside risk to our economy. We must work to limit the impact of the housing downturn on the real economy without impeding the completion of the necessary housing correction. I will address each of these in turn. Regulators and policy makers are vigilant; we are not taking anything for granted.
In May 2008, The Wall Street Journal wrote that Paulson said U.S. financial markets are emerging from the credit crunch that many economists believe has pushed the country to the brink of recession. "I do believe that the worst is likely to be behind us," Paulson told the newspaper in an interview.
On July 20, 2008, after the failure of Indymac Bank, Paulson reassured the public by saying, "it's a safe banking system, a sound banking system. Our regulators are on top of it. This is a very manageable situation."
On August 10, 2008, Secretary Paulson told NBC's Meet the Press that he had no plans to inject any capital into Fannie Mae or Freddie Mac. On September 7, 2008, both Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac went into conservatorship.
There is no playbook for responding to turmoil we have never faced. We adjusted our strategy to reflect the facts of a severe market crisis always keeping focused on Congress's goal and our goal – to stabilize the financial system that is integral to the everyday lives of all Americans.
We are working through a severe financial crisis caused by many factors, including government inaction and mistaken actions, outdated U.S. and global financial regulatory systems, and by the excessive risk-taking of financial institutions. This combination of factors led to a critical stage this fall when the entire U.S. financial system was at risk. This should never happen again. The United States must lead global financial reform efforts, and we must start by getting our own house in order.
But capital markets and the financial services industry have evolved significantly over the past decade. Globalization and financial innovation, such as securitization, have provided benefits to domestic and global economic growth; while highlighting new risks to financial markets. We should and can have a structure that is designed for the world we live in, one that is more flexible, one that can better adapt to change, one that will allow us to more effectively deal with inevitable market disruptions and one that will better protect investors and consumers.
The support given by the Federal Reserve Board, under Ben Bernanke, and the US Treasury with Paulson at the helm, in the acquisition of Bear Stearns by J.P. Morgan and the $200bn facility made available to Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac attracted a great deal of criticism in congress by both Republicans and Democrats. Paulson and Geithner made every effort to enable Barclays to acquire Lehman Brothers, including convincing other large Wall Street firms to commit their own funds to support the deal. In light of the recent Bear Stearns criticism, Paulson was against committing public funds towards a bailout, for fear of being labelled 'Mr Bailout'. When British regulators indicated they would not approve the purchase, Lehman went into bankruptcy, and Paulson and Geithner worked to contain the systemic impact.
In the aftermath of Lehman's failure and the simultaneous purchase of Merrill Lynch by Bank of America, already fragile credit markets froze, so that companies that had nothing to do with banking but needed financing (e.g. General Electric) could not get daily funding requirements which had the effect of sending the US equity/bond markets into turmoil between September 15, 2008, and September 19, 2008.
Paulson, acting as U.S. Treasury Secretary, caused outcries from both the Republican and Democratic Parties as well as the general populace as he tried to get the situation under control.
Through unprecedented intervention by the U.S. Treasury, Paulson led government efforts which he said were aimed at avoiding a severe economic slowdown. After the Dow Jones dropped 30% and turmoil ensued in the global markets, Paulson pushed through legislation authorizing the Treasury to use $700 billion to stabilize the financial system. Working with Federal Reserve Chairman Ben Bernanke, he influenced the decision to create a credit facility (bridge loan and warrants) of US$85 billion to American International Group so it would avoid filing bankruptcy, after having been told that AIG held teacher pension plans, 401k plans, $1.5 trillion in life insurance plans for Americans, and the French Finance Minister called to let Paulson know that AIG held the interests of many Eurozone countries.
On September 19, 2008, Paulson called for the U.S. government to use hundreds of billions of Treasury dollars to help financial firms clean up nonperforming mortgages threatening the liquidity of those firms. Because of his leadership and public appearances on this issue, the press labeled these measures the "Paulson financial rescue plan" or simply the Paulson Plan.
With the passage of H.R. 1424, Paulson became the manager of the United States Emergency Economic Stabilization fund.
As Treasury Secretary, he also sat on the newly established Financial Stability Oversight Board that oversaw the Troubled Assets Relief Program.
Paulson agreed with Bernanke that the only way to unlock the frozen capital markets was to provide direct injections into financial institutions so investors would have confidence in these institutions. The government would take a non-voting share position, with 5% dividends for the first year on the money lent to the banks and 9% thereafter until the banks stabilized and could repay the government loans. According to the book Too Big To Fail, Paulson, Bernanke, New York Federal Reserve Chairman Timothy Geithner, and FDIC Chairman Sheila Bair attended the meeting on October 13, 2008, at which this plan was presented to the CEOs of nine major banks.
Time named Paulson as a runner-up for its 2008 Person of the Year, saying, with reference to the global financial crisis, "if there is a face to this financial debacle, it is now his ..." before concluding that "given the ... realities he faced, there is no obviously better path [he] could have followed".
After leaving his role as Treasury Secretary, Paulson spent a year at the Paul H. Nitze School of Advanced International Studies at Johns Hopkins University as a distinguished visiting fellow, and a fellow at the university's Bernard Schwartz Forum on Constructive Capitalism. His memoir, On the Brink: Inside the Race to Stop the Collapse of the Global Financial System, was published by Hachette Book Group on February 1, 2010.
In September 2015, Paulson was awarded an honorary doctorate of laws and environmental policy by Washington College President and former FDIC Chair Sheila Bair.
In April 2016, he was one of eight former Treasury secretaries who called on the United Kingdom to remain a member of the European Union ahead of the June 2016 Referendum. In June, Paulson announced his support for the stop Trump movement and endorsed Hillary Clinton for the presidency. In his op-ed to The Washington Post Paulson wrote, "The GOP, in putting Trump at the top of the ticket, is endorsing a brand of populism rooted in ignorance, prejudice, fear and isolationism."
On June 27, 2011, Paulson announced the formation of the Paulson Institute, a non-partisan, independent “think and do tank” dedicated to fostering a US-China relationship that serves to maintain global order in a rapidly evolving world. Paulson was also named as a senior fellow at the University of Chicago's Harris School of Public Policy. His five-year appointment took effect July 1, 2011.
In his best-selling book, On the Brink, Paulson describes his experiences as Treasury Secretary fending off the near-collapse of the U.S. economy during the Great Recession. His second best-seller, Dealing with China, details his career working with scores of China’s top political and business leaders and witnessing the evolution of China’s state-controlled capitalism. The book was chosen by Facebook founder Mark Zuckerberg for the Mark Zuckerberg book club.
Paulson has been described as an avid nature lover. He has been a member of The Nature Conservancy for decades and was the organization's board chairman and co-chair of its Asia-Pacific Council. In that capacity, Paulson worked with former President of the People's Republic of China Jiang Zemin to preserve the Tiger Leaping Gorge in Yunnan province. Paulson co-chaired a group called Risky Business that raised awareness of the projected economic impact of climate change.
Paulson co-chairs the Aspen Economic Strategy Group with Erskine Bowles. He was the founding Chairman of the Advisory Board of the School of Economics and Management of Tsinghua University in Beijing.
Notable among the members of Bush's cabinet, Paulson has said he is a strong believer in the effect of human activity on global warming and advocates immediate action to decrease this effect.
During his tenure as CEO of Goldman Sachs, Paulson oversaw the corporate donation of 680,000 acres (2,800 km2) on the forested Chilean side of Tierra del Fuego, bringing criticism from Goldman shareholder groups. He further donated to conservancy causes US$100 million of assets from his wealth, and has pledged his entire fortune for the same purpose upon his death.
Paulson was portrayed by William Hurt in the 2011 HBO film Too Big to Fail and by James Cromwell in the 2009 BBC film The Last Days of Lehman Brothers.
In the documentary film Inside Job, Paulson is cited as one of the persons responsible for the economic meltdown of 2008 and named in Time as one of the "25 People to Blame for the Financial Crisis".
In September 2013, Bloomberg Businessweek released the documentary film Hank: Five Years From the Brink, directed by Oscar-nominated Joe Berlinger and distributed by Netflix.
Paulson is featured in the 2018 HBO documentary "Panic: The Untold Story of the Financial Crisis."
^ a b "Home". The Paulson Institute. June 27, 2012. Retrieved 2012-10-27.
^ Battle, Robert (August 23, 2006). "untitled". Ancestries of Miscellaneous "Celebrities". Ancestry.com. Retrieved October 11, 2008.
^ Townley, Alvin (2007). Legacy of Honor: The Values and Influence of America's Eagle Scouts. New York: St. Martin's Press. pp. 178–188, 196. ISBN 0-312-36653-1. Retrieved December 29, 2006.
^ Belser, Alex (May 31, 2006). "Paulson '68 to lead Treasury". The Dartmouth. Hanover, NH.
^ Jackling, Brook (April 20, 2007). "Hank Paulson named graduation speaker". The Dartmouth. Hanover, NH. Retrieved May 14, 2011.
^ Cohan, William D. (May 2011). "Goldman's Alpha War". Vanity Fair.
^ "US faces global funding crisis, warns Merrill Lynch". The Daily Telegraph. London. July 16, 2008. Retrieved May 4, 2010.
^ Steve Gelsi (June 30, 2006). "Paulson files to sell $500 mln of Goldman stock - MarketWatch". MarketWatch. Archived from the original on January 4, 2013. Retrieved October 27, 2012.
^ "President Bush Nominates Henry Paulson as Treasury Secretary", White House, 2006, Retrieved June 29, 2006.
^ "New Treasury head eyes rising inequality", The Christian Science Monitor, August 3, 2006, Retrieved August 3, 2006.
^ Jeanne Sahadi (25 March 2008). "Paulson: Social Security fix needed". CNN Money. Retrieved 11 December 2018.
^ "HOPE NOW Alliance Created to Help Distressed Homeowners" (PDF) (Press release). Hope Now Alliance. October 10, 2007. Archived from the original (PDF) on September 23, 2011. Retrieved September 24, 2008.
^ Yidi, Zhao; Hamlin, Kevin (September 23, 2008). "China Shuns Paulson's Free Market Push as Meltdown Burns U.S." Bloomberg L.P. Retrieved May 2, 2011.
^ Greg Robb (20 April 2007). "Paulson says U.S. housing sector 'at or near bottom'". MarketWatch. Retrieved 11 December 2018.
^ Lawder, David (August 1, 2007). "Paulson sees subprime woes contained". Reuters. Retrieved November 14, 2010.
^ "Remarks by Secretary Henry M. Paulson Jr. on Current Financial and Housing Markets at the US Chamber of Commerce". Treasury.gov. March 26, 2008. Retrieved 2012-10-27.
^ "List Of Troubled Banks Will Grow, Paulson Says". CBS News. July 20, 2008. Archived from the original on December 2, 2008. Retrieved November 14, 2010.
^ Brinsley, John (August 10, 2008). "Paulson Says No Plans to Add Cash to Fannie, Freddie". Bloomsberg Worldwide. Retrieved September 23, 2008.
^ Lockhart, James B., III (September 7, 2008). "Statement of FHFA Director James B. Lockhart". Federal Housing Finance Agency. Archived from the original on September 12, 2008. Retrieved September 23, 2008.
^ "Testimony by Treasury Secretary Henry M. Paulson Jr". Treasury.gov. November 18, 2008. Retrieved 2012-10-27.
^ "Remarks by Secretary Henry M. Paulson Jr. at The Ronald Reagan Presidential Library". Treasury.gov. November 20, 2008. Retrieved 2012-10-27.
^ James B. Stewart (September 21, 2009). "Eight Days – The battle to save the American financial system". The New Yorker. Retrieved November 14, 2010.
^ James B. Stewart and Peter Eavis (September 29, 2014). "Revisiting the Lehman Brothers Bailout That Never Was". The New York Times. Retrieved February 4, 2016.
^ Sorkin, Andrew Ross (2009). Too Big to Fail: The Inside Story of How Wall Street and Washington Fought to Save the Financial System—and Themselves. New York: Viking Press. pp. 350–352.
^ Daniel Gross (September 17, 2008). "The Fundamentals of Our Economy Are Strong". Slate. Retrieved November 14, 2010.
^ Sahadi, Jeanne (September 19, 2008). "Rescue cost: Hundreds of billions". CNN.
^ Fox, Justin (December 17, 2008). "Runners Up: Henry Paulson". Time. Person of the Year 2008. Retrieved September 15, 2009.
^ Herbert, Bob (September 22, 2008). "A Second Opinion?". The New York Times. Retrieved October 10, 2008.
^ White, Ben (September 19, 2008). "Details of a Rescue Plan Are Unclear, but Some Already Benefit". The New York Times. Retrieved October 10, 2008.
^ Michael Mandel (March 15, 2009). "German and French banks got $36 billion from AIG Bailout". Bloomberg Businessweek. Retrieved November 14, 2010.
^ Dunbar, John (October 25, 2008). "Uses for $700 billion bailout money ever shifting". USA Today. Associated Press. Retrieved November 14, 2010.
^ "SAIS Reports" Archived March 31, 2012, at the Wayback Machine. Paul H. Nitze School of Advanced International Studies. February – March 2010. Retrieved June 27, 2011.
^ McCaskill, Nolan (June 24, 2016). "Former Bush Treasury secretary: 'I'll be voting for Hillary Clinton". Politico. Retrieved June 24, 2016.
^ Paulson, Henry M. (24 June 2016). "When it comes to Trump, a Republican Treasury secretary says: Choose country over part". The Washington Post. Retrieved 26 June 2016.
^ Susan Page (April 13, 2015). "Hank Paulson: Economic challenges, China — and the birds". USA Today. Retrieved April 19, 2015.
^ Richard Feloni (April 16, 2015). "Why Mark Zuckerberg is reading Hank Paulson's new book about China". Business Insider. Retrieved April 19, 2015.
^ Somerville, Glenn (May 30, 2006). "Paulson brings Wall Street luster to Treasury". Yahoo! News.
^ Helm, Burt (January 31, 2015). "Climate change's bottom line". The New York Times. Retrieved July 12, 2015.
^ Heilprin, John (June 2, 2006). "A global warming believer in Bush Cabinet". Associated Press.
^ Troy Patterson (May 23, 2011). "Too Big To Fail". Slate.
^ DealBook (August 19, 2009). "Coming Soon: Lehman Brothers, the Movie". The New York Times.
Stewart, James B., "Eight Days: the battle to save the American financial system", The New Yorker, September 21, 2009.
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Henry Paulson.
"Henry Paulson collected news and commentary". The New York Times.
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Why are thermlly declining women so smug? Jacque Reid goes 'Inside Her Story' with Sophia Nelson about her Essence article on first ladies of the church titled "Confessions of Pastor's Wives.". Jacque Reid goes "Inside Her Story" with Joy-Ann Reid abuot her new MSNBC show "The Reid Report."..
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0.987141 |
What is topsoil and why is it so important? The top few inches of soil sitting on the ground is called the topsoil. This the soil in which all of your plants and flowers will grow. Unlike the subsoil and rock found in the layers below, topsoil is rich in the minerals your plants need in order to survive and thrive. This organic layer can become thinner over time due to wind, erosion and other factors. When that happens in might be necessary to add some additional topsoil around your vegetation and trees to ensure they have all the vital nutrients they need to grow.
Mulch is popular among gardening enthusiasts for several reasons. Mulch does an excellent job of protecting the root systems of your plants from excessive heat or frost damage. It also helps soil hold on to moisture, which reduces the need for excess watering. In addition, mulch is very useful for combating the growth of weeds as it acts as a light barrier, preventing weeds from sprouting. Many people do not know that using mulch will also add valuable nutritional elements to the soil underneath.
There are some cosmetic benefits to using mulch that also make it very popular. Purposefully using mulch in certain areas of your landscaping can add some interest to the look of your yard. Mulch comes in a variety of sizes, texture and colors, so you can find something that appeals to your unique aesthetic. Mulch is incredibly simple to install. Most people typically install their mulch by hand or with the help of a hand-held blower. The only caution you need to take when using mulch is that you want to be careful not to let it build up directly under shrubs or around tree trunks. This may allow pests like mold to thrive. Once installed, mulch commonly does not have to be replaced for 2-3 years.
Decorative wood chips are a type of mulch, but they are commonly larger pieces and heavier. Decorative wood chips offer a slightly different look than mulch, so some homeowners choose them simply as an cosmetic preference. However, there are some more practical benefits to selecting wood chips over lighter varieties of mulch. If you live in an area that is prone to windy weather, wood chips will be less susceptible to blowing away. The great thing about wood chips and all other mulch varieties is that they are simple to remove when if you decide you'd like to try something new in your landscape. Plus, they are completely compostable, making them an environmentally safe choice.
Don't trust your yard to cheap landscape supplies. The trusted professionals at Cal Blend Soils Materials are dedicated to providing customers with quality products at fair prices in West Hollywood. We deliver to West Hollywood and can help make your project a reality. We are standing by to help you find the right landscape products to make your next job a success.
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Create a custom piece of jewelry around this lovely gem!
Can you picture this sultry royal blue sapphire at the center of your engagement ring? It will look especially stunning as a solitaire, but why limit yourself? Maybe you can throw on a diamond halo or put it atop a split shank band with diamonds covering the shoulders. Whatever you decide choose this blue sapphire for just the right pop of color!
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BEN COHEN knows all about the threat Scotland winger Sean Lamont poses to England and he hopes his inside knowledge will help his team-mates on Saturday.
Cohen was delighted when his club-mate Lamont ran in four tries for Northampton during the 58-17 destruction of woeful Saracens last weekend but the England winger is hoping his friend has a blank day at Murrayfield.
Lamont has already showed his class in this season's RBS Six Nations, scoring two tries in Scotland's momentous 20-16 victory over France.
Cohen, though, is an even more potent try-scoring threat having bagged 30 tries in 50 England Tests and he recognises the danger posed by Lamont, who plays on the right wing at club level.
Lamont reverts to his preferred No11 position for Scotland which puts him up against Mark Cueto, whose try against Italy took him to an amazing 11 in 13 Tests.
Cohen has briefed Cueto about the strengths and weaknesses that 18-cap Lamont brings to Test rugby and their head-to-head will be one of the key battles on Saturday.
Cohen said: "Sean is a great player and I rate him highly. He is already a world-class player and is getting better and better. There is no doubt that coming south of the border this season has helped him improve his game because the Guinness Premiership is a very tough league.
"It would be good to be up against Sean on Saturday but he is also a left wing. However, I am sure we will bump into each other at some point of the match.
"When you are training and playing with a guy week in, week out, you get an idea of strengths and weaknesses and I am sure that is the same for Sean when he looks at my game.
"At Test level, we all do our own individual analysis about our opposite number and Mark [Cueto] will be doing that on Sean this week."
Cohen was given a break after 65 minutes against Sarries which meant Lamont, 25, stayed on for the full match, prompting questions to Northampton coach Paul Grayson - the ex-England outside-half - about favouring his countrymen ahead of the Calcutta Cup match.
Publication information: Article title: Cohen: I Can Help England Get to Grips with Lamont; the Winger Hopes to Stop Rising Scotland Star Sean Lamont at Murrayfield This Weekend by Using Inside Knowledge of His Club-Mate. Contributors: Not available. Newspaper title: The Evening Standard (London, England). Publication date: February 23, 2006. Page number: 65. © Solo Syndication Limited. COPYRIGHT 2006 Gale Group.
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Do you recall when you were a kid, running around with your scooter?
Companies like Razor are producing electric scooters which are perfectly acceptable for adults and function fully on batteries. This makes them ideal for commuters concerned about their carbon footprint but unwilling or not able to bicycle to work. The batteries last for approximately 10 to 12 miles, which may be dealt with in less than one hour at speeds up to 15mph.
Getting to work on an electric scooter isn’t only less detrimental to the environment, but it is much less expensive than driving a car, since you can control it from any power socket. The batteries require between 8 to 12 hours to charge, and lots of businesses encourage their employees to utilize green transportation tools by letting them charge their scooters while on the job. Electric scooters retail for under 500, and the upkeep is also considerably less expensive than a car, which makes them ideal for the solo commuter that does not need to get stuck in traffic burning gas each morning.
Electric scooters are not too quick or hard to use, and learning how to ride one is often easier than learning how to bicycle on a city environment, but there is always the danger of an incident. If you’re using it at night remember to wear reflective clothing that assist cars see you, exactly the very same ones you would use if you were walking or having a bicycle on a street at night.
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Doulnee Keltchow is a small town in the middle of nowhere; what makes it so famous is the number of gossipers who live there. Every morning, each gossiper finds out a new gossip, a gossip so unique that nobody else in the town knows it. The gossipers talk, gossip and exchange rumors all day long. What happens when two gossipers meet? Of course, they exchange all the gossips they have heard so far. Your task is to determine whether every gossiper will know all the gossips by the end of the day.
The input file consists of multiple test cases separated by blank lines. On the first line of every test case there are two positive integers N and M, where N is the number of gossipers and M is the number of meetings. On the next N lines there are the names of the gossipers. The name of each gossiper is a single word consisting of lower- and uppercase letters. The following M lines describe the meetings in the order they happened. Each meeting is described by two distinct names of the gossipers separated by a single space. The values M=N=0 indicate the end of the input file.
The output file should contain for each test case one line containing a single word "YES" if every gossiper knows all the gossips, or "NO", otherwise.
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German election - where do political parties stand on foreign policy and security?
NATO: The CDU/CSU supports the military alliance as a fundamental part of regional and global security. The CDU takes credit for Germany's accession to NATO in 1955 under former Chancellor Konrad Adenauer, who led the party at that time.
Transatlantic relations: The CDU/CSU views transatlantic relations positively, describing the US as a "central partner." However, since US President Donald Trump assumed office, the transatlantic relationship has experienced challenges, with German Chancellor Angela Merkel saying Europe could no longer rely on Washington like it did before.
Turkey: The CDU/CSU has never supported full accession to the EU. Given the heightened tensions between Berlin and Ankara in the wake of Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan's purge against civil servants and detainment of German citizens, Merkel called for all EU accession talks to be scrapped.
North Korea: The CDU/CSU states that sanctions and international pressure will ultimately undermine the North Korean regime, halt its weapons program and ultimately foster long-lasting stability on the Korean peninsula. Sanctions should therefore be stepped up also to target North's oil industry. The party also wants to see a ban on all North Korean guest workers, especially in Europe.
NATO: The SPD backs military deployment for peacekeeping missions, crisis prevention and conflict management, most notably under the framework of international order and its institutions, such as NATO and the UN.
Transatlantic relations: The SPD supports the US as an important ally and transatlantic relations favorably. However, the center-left party is wary of developments in the transatlantic relationship that may undermine established norms in Germany, including worker's rights and environmental protection. In the wake of 9/11, former Chancellor Gerhard Schröder did not join the US for the Iraq War.
Turkey: The Social Democrats have, in principle, always favored Turkey's accession to the EU. Its manifesto initially stated that accession talks should continue, although the party has ruled out membership "in the foreseeable future." However, SPD candidate Martin Schulz has called for membership talks to be scrapped altogether.
North Korea: The SPD's chancellor candidate, Martin Schulz, has refused to make the North Korea crisis a focal point in this year's federal election. The party, however, has ruled out any German military participation in case of war.
Eastern Europe: The SPD's former head, Willy Brandt, famously started the rapprochement with Eastern Europe when he acknowledged German guilt toward the Polish people with a gesture of humility and penance toward the victims of the Warsaw Ghetto Uprising in 1970. In the 2017 election campaign former SPD Chancellor Gerhard Schröder caused his party some headache, as he took on another job with Russia's energy giant Rosneft. In a TV interview 2004 Schröder famously called Vladimir Putin a "democrat through and through" - a statement his opponents will not tire of using.
NATO: The Left Party is the only German party that calls for the dissolution of NATO. It opposes all Bundeswehr missions abroad. The Left Party often organizes protests against NATO, which it describes as an obsolete remnant of the Cold War.
Transatlantic relations: The Left Party criticizes Germany's relations with the US, instead urging better relations with Russia. It views the US as one of the premier security threats across the globe, slamming its foreign military interventions and pursuit of what it views as unbridled capitalism.
Turkey: On migration, the Left Party opposes any sort of deal with an authoritarian regime, including the Erdogan government. It wants to scrap the EU's current migrant deal under which Turkey receives aid in exchange for reducing the flow of migrants into Europe.
North Korea: The Left Party has condemned Kim Jong Un's actions, but lays blame on the US for the regional crisis. American military bases and missiles have only heightened the risk of warfare in the Pacific region, it says. The Left Party wants Germany and the EU to work toward ensuring that all sides agree to nuclear disarmament.
Party leaders came under attack from the political mainstream when they sent a letter with flattering birthday wishes to Cuba's dictator Fidel Castro on the occasion of his 85th birthday, praising him for safeguarding the freedom of his people in the face of pressure from the United States.
NATO: The Green Party was a pacifist political movement until Green foreign minister Joschka Fischer famously forced his party to a U turn in 1999 when Germany joined NATO forces in former Yugoslavia. The party now supports NATO as a collective defense mechanism. However, since US President Donald Trump assumed office, the Greens have called for an "honest" revision of the alliance's core purpose, saying it is "dangerous" to use the alliance for other objectives, such as counter-terrorism operations.
Transatlantic relations: The Greens question whether the Trump administration shares the same values for international order. The party criticizes the US president's decision to pullout of the Paris climate agreement, its apparent willingness to start trade wars and the administration's rejection of human rights norms on refugees and torture.
Turkey: The Greens favor Turkish EU accession in principal, but have expressed concern about Ankara's failure to meet its membership criteria. As a traditionally pacifist party, they have also called on the German government to halt all arms exports to Turkey.
North Korea: The Green Party has no official stance on North Korea in relation to its most recent nuclear tests and heightened tensions in the region. It has, however, promoted nuclear disarmament.
NATO: The FDP fielded German foreign ministers for decades as a junior coalition partner to CDU and SPD. It supports NATO, saying it is "fully committed" to the military alliance. The Free Democrats back the alliance's defensive posturing in the Baltic region as deterrence against Russia. The party believes in increasing Germany's defense spending to reach NATO's 2 percent of the GDP target.
Transatlantic relations: The FDP supports expanding the relationship with the US, most notably in terms of free trade. The Free Democrats believe the Transatlantic Trade and Investment Partnership (TTIP) free trade deal could serve as the "rules for globalization."
Turkey: As long as Erdogan continues to preside over Turkey, the EU should end all accession talks, according to the Liberal Party. In principal, EU membership should still be an option for Turkey, depending on the development of its rule of law and its human rights record.
North Korea: While the Free Democrats have taken no official position on North Korea and its nuclear weapons program, the Friedrich-Naumann-Stiftung, a liberal think-tank with close ties to the FDP, has voiced its support of economic sanctions, and also called on China to cut off oil exports to North.
NATO: The AfD views NATO negatively in its current form. The party believes NATO purposefully circumvents Russia on an array of security matters in Europe and the Middle East, calling for better relations with Moscow. Some AfD members have questioned Germany's membership in the military alliance.
Brexit and Transatlantic relations: The AfD is the only German party that supports the UK's decision to leave the EU known as "Brexit." The AfD does not support Germany's relations with the US outright. The party rejected free trade agreements negotiated by the EU, such as the Comprehensive Economic Trade Agreement (CETA) with Canada. However, it views US President Donald Trump as a like-minded populist.
Turkey: The euroskeptic party is against Turkish membership. The AfD also wants to scrap the EU's migrant deal with Turkey and has called on Europe to monitor its own borders.
North Korea: The AfD believes that UN sanctions imposed on the North have so far shown to be effective. However, the Security Council should do all it can to continue stepping up economic pressure on the rogue state, according to the party. It also wants to see the US coordinate its North Korea policy with China and Russia.
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Is it possible to send superluminal messages using quantum entanglement? There’s a good body of work that says: “no”. But like most rules, these were made to be side-stepped.
Although such communication is prohibited in the [no communication theorem], some argue that superluminal communication could be achieved via quantum entanglement using other methods that don’t rely on cloning a quantum system. One suggested method would use an ensemble of entangled particles to transmit information, similar to a type of quantum eraser experiments.
Birgit Dopfer, a student of Anton Zeilinger’s, has performed an experiment which seems to make possible superluminal communication through an unexpected collective behavior of two beams of entangled photons, one of which passes through a double-slit, utilising the creation of a distance interference pattern as bit 0 and the lack of a distance interference pattern as bit 1 (or vice versa), without any other classical channel. Since it is a collective and probabilistic phenomenon, no quantum information about the single particles is cloned and, accordingly, the no cloning theorem remains inviolate.
Physicist John G. Cramer at the University of Washington is attempting to replicate Dopfer’s experiment and demonstrate whether or not it can produce superluminal communication.
I’m always glad that people are working on mind-bending science. In this case, there’s an important point being left out: what does “instantaneous” mean?
The thing that makes people get all brain-melty about quantum entanglement is that it says, basically, two particles are described by a single wavefunction. Supposedly in QM, “making an observation” results in “collapsing the wavefunction”. So when you make an observation on what we shallowly think of as “one of the pair”, that’s actually an observation on the combined wavefunction, which causes the whole thing to collapse all at once: instantaneously, regardless of the spatial extent of the wavefunction. But right now, there’s no theory that integrates QM with relativity. So, on the mega-scale, we have relativity telling us all kinds of weird things about the nature of timelines with respect to different reference frames (i.e. how different observers observe time differently), but in QM the conception of TIME is actually classical. So in QM, now is just now; there’s no other math describing how it could be anything else. Thus, when you observe one particle and “collapse the wave function”, that happens “now”, which (in the absence of any further elaboration, in QM) means it happens simultaneously regardless of distance.
But the thing is, the lack of integration of QM with what we know from relativity about mega-scale behavior of time and simultaneity is a gap in our understanding. It means that we actually don’t have the theoretical tools to make real scientific predictions about what would happen with entanglement over very long distances. In the absence of real scientific tools, we’re left with “simultaneous” which leads to “instantaneous”. But everyone is so obsessed with quantum weirdness these days that they’ve forgotten that relativity tells us that there is no such thing as an absolute chronological reference frame. Once you look at it like that, it becomes clear that instantaneous communication is impossible not because of some limitation on communication, but simply because relativity has already established that there is no way of defining what it would mean for two things to happen at the same time. In other words, we might want to think that we built a machine for instantaneous communication over long distances, but different observers in different reference frames would see different chronological relationships between the two sides of the communication device.
I just double-checked my understanding here by looking at the “time dilation” article on wikipedia, which refers to the “twin paradox” article. Also try “relativity of simultaneity”. Consider the simplest case, with no acceleration (so, inertial reference frames only; keeping us in the domain of Special Relativity). Two spaceships are zooming past each other in opposite directions, at constant speed. They both have accurate clocks which they will use to try to figure out whether their quantum entanglement communication is instantaneous or not. Also, I’m sitting still (i.e. each ship sees me moving at half the velocity of the other one; there is no such thing as “absolutely at rest”, there are only different relative inertial reference frames) right at the point where they will pass each other.
When they pass, we all look at each other and see that our clocks all read zero (we planned it like that). At that moment, I take the collection of entangled particles and give half of them to one ship and half of them to the other ship. So now the ships are ready to start their communications.
In each ship, when they look at the other ship, they see the clock running slowly. So, say that when the ship 1 clock reads 1 year, they send the “instantaneous” signal to ship 2. But what does that mean? Does that mean that Ship 2 receives the signal when their clock reads 1 year? From the reference frame of Ship 1, the clock on Ship 2 reads 1 year much later, because of time dilation. So Ship 1 has a clock that reads 1 year, and they send the “instantaneous” quantum message, and Ship 2 receives it when *their* clock reads 1 year. But ship 1 already took a look at Ship 2’s clock and saw that it was running at (say) half speed. That means that Ship 1 knows that the time when Ship 2’s clock reads 1 year, is actually 2 years out. So Ship 1 sends their signal, and then they would expect Ship 2 to receive it when Ship 2’s clock reads 1 year, which is actually when Ship 1’s clock reads 2 years. So that certainly doesn’t feel instantaneous to the people on Ship 1 who sent the message; it’s pretty useless, in fact.
Even worse, let’s say hypothetically that what we expect to happen is that Ship 1 sends a signal when Ship 1’s clock reads 1 year, and then they expect Ship 2 to receive it “instantaneously”, which means as far as Ship 1 is concerned, they expect Ship 2 to receive it when Ship 2’s clock reads whatever Ship 1 thinks it should be reading “right now”. Namely, 1/2 year. So now say Ship 2 receives the signal when their clock reads 1/2 year, and sends a return signal. Then, by the same logic, they expect Ship 1 to receive the return signal when Ship 1’s clock reads 1/4 year! And if you set each clock to “ping” mode, basically you get a convergent infinite series all the way back to zero.
We may or may not have a problem with the idea of information moving back in time, but that’s not what’s at issue here. The issue is that it’s clear that this also fails to be a useful “instantaneous” communication device.
Again, the problem is that the very nature of space-time itself is that there is NO SUCH THING as objective simultaneity over long distances. And in the absence of an integrated theory of relativistic quantum mechanics, we simply don’t know what we ought to expect to happen with the entangled wavefunction over space-travel-relevant distances.
Of course, it’s still an interesting question, even though we don’t know what’s “supposed” to happen, because we can postulate various possible options and consider what each one leads to. Having just gone through this just now, I’d say that I think the most likely option is the first one I described, at least for situations of special relativity. That means that it effectively works as if each entangled particle has its own internal clock, and that’s how they know when “the same time” is. That means that Ship 1 sends a message when their clock (and their particle’s imaginary internal clocks) reads 1 year, and Ship 2 receives it when their clock reads 1 year. What this means is that although the external observer (“me”, the way I set this up) sees the communication as instantaneous, each ship actually sees the communication taking a long time from their reference frames. So basically, this leads to a result where it never leads to anything other than an amusing curiosity where (just as with the experiments already being done) we can externally observe simultaneity, but it doesn’t do us any good when we try to get involved in it for communication purposes.
If we take this one step further, and try to figure out what happens in a more practical situation involving General Relativity, things get even weirder and less satisfying. Also I think the “particles internal clocks” heuristic breaks down.
Imagine we have home, which is an inertial reference frame (more or less), and then we build a very fast ship to colonize a distant planet. We synchronize our clocks and then the ship takes off on a round trip. When the ship gets back, their clocks only measure the passage of 1 year, but our clocks measure the passage of (say) 100 years. So say we know it takes them 1/2 year of their subjective time to reach the destination, but it takes 50 years of our subjective time. If we wait 50 years for them to reach the destination, and we send a signal, then if you use the “particles internal clocks” heuristic, then the ship doesn’t receive the signal until 99 years after the mission is over! That’s not very useful. On the other hand, using the same heuristic, if the ship sends a signal when they land at the destination, it will be received when the home clocks read 6 months, which is pretty exciting. It would be a really great “one small step for man, one giant leap for mankind” moment, but it would also be an absolutely one-way communication channel. If we tried to reply, they wouldn’t receive it for a very long time.
I actually suspect that the “internal clock” heuristic would break down under general relativity (i.e. the non-intertial-reference frame scenario described here) and something else would happen, but I have no idea what it would be. In any case, the point holds that space-time itself does not contain any way of defining what “instantaneous” means over long distances.
My point here is not that I think I can solve the problem of whether or not quantum entanglement allows “instantaneous” communication. My point here is merely that the word “instantaneous” doesn’t mean what ordinary usage thinks it means, on relativistic scales, and in fact there is no single correct way of interpreting that word, in the situations that we actually care about. Therefore, if we want to get anywhere in the discussion of “instantaneous communication”, we have to start by being scientifically precise about what we are considering. Relativity gives us the tools to be precise about space-time relationships over long distances; but the way it ends up working out is kind of unsatisfactory for the simple sci-fi “ainsible” idea we were hoping for, because there isn’t any possible definition of “instantaneous” that works out that way.
Postscript: some of you might be wondering why I’m blogging about this, when I’m supposed to be a psychologist researching the neuroscience of meditation. The short answer is that one of the main things that has caught my attention in the course of my graduate education up to now, is the problem of the psychology of scientists themselves. In particular, when scientists are and are not aware of the assumptions they are making. In this case since I am a recovering Caltech physicist I knew enough to recognize some important assumptions that seemed to mainly go unacknowledged, and wanted to write them out.
Previous Post What would a useful theory of neuroscience look like?
This whole “collapsing the wave function” thingy is so remarkably silly I’m surprised anyone takes QM seriously. My gut tells me any (even a marginal one) GUT will have a ‘speed limit’ on the speed of the wave function collapse if that whole construct even survives the unification movement.
In my opinion, the “collapsing the wave function” bit seems weird because it is over-interpreted in popular science. Quantum mechanics gives equations that allow us to calculate probability distributions for observations; it doesn’t really say anything about the ontological process of going from the math to the observation. It does say that once you know where something is, your new set of propagating probability distributions is different than what it would have been if you didn’t know where it was. But what else would you expect?
It seems communication is only relevant on one’s own timeline, if I ask you a question and within moments I get you answer, then that is relevant to me. I want to feel you are standing next to me even if I am on earth and you are on mars. This is what we need to discover how to do, all the other is just mechanics.
Of course that’s what we want to do, my point is that it’s impossible, and not just because of some technological limitation that we might overcome with sufficient cleverness. It’s not just a matter of discovering how to control tachyons or whatever. The problem is that the statement of goal is itself meaningless because of the very nature of space and time itself. You’d have to throw ALL of relativity out the window for that to make sense at all, and that’s just not going to happen.
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Do you know what to do if an old, rusty nut does not turn?
Firstly, you should try to move the nut turning it clockwise and anticlockwise.
Secondly, you should tap at the nut sides with a hammer.
Thirdly, drop some kerosene or liquid oil on the thread and let the lubrication to get inside. Then try the first and the second advices again.
Fourthly, if the advices above do not help, make the spanner longer (see attached picture). But remember that the long spanner should be used carefully. Otherwise you can damage the thread or even the bolt.
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TL;DR – Wolf Warriors 2 brings Chinese propaganda films into the 21st century, however, it fails in presenting a solid story and in the production of many of its effects.
Well wasn’t this an interesting film, Wolf Warriors 2 is a film creating buzz across the world, and has broken box office records in its home China, so today we’re going to have a look to see if Wolf Warriors II holds up. Now before we start, I do have to make it clear that I have not seen the first film in the series, so I may have missed some of the nuances, however, the film does a good job of giving you all of the basic reminders of what happened, elite soldiers, one sacrificed themselves for the team, and there was a love interest. Which brings us to the start of the film, so let’s dive into the world of Wolf Warriors II. Now to do this we will be breaking down the production elements of the film, and then we will be looking at the story, and finally examining themes at play.
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When you hear the definition of walking pneumonia, the first thing that is likely to come to your brain is long and tiring times that need to be invested in a medical center. The reason being, pneumonia is a serious, often life-threatening lung situation, that requires quick treatment and also hospitalization, especially when it has an effect on those people with weak immune system, such as the elderly as well as infants.
Fever and also Chills: Some of the symptoms are similar to cold as well as flu virus, including a low-grade fever and chills.
Lifestyle Choices: Weighty smokers might find themselves spitting away phlegm which is rusty-brown in color. Those who have recently quit smoking may also spit out dark brown or black mucus. It is normal for the body to discharge tars as well as toxins that might have accumulated as a result of cigarette smoking. Alcohol has a blow drying relation to the particular walls which is why the membranes begin generating greater numbers of mucous to undo it's effect. Although smoking cigarettes and excessive consumption of alcohol are poor lifestyle choices that may cause excessive phlegm, intake of oily deep-fried food items or food items one may be allergic to also can lead to the accumulation of mucous at the back of throat. Acid reflux disease could also trigger phlegm. This is a condition where gastric juices from the stomach back up on the esophagus. Any time larger amounts of saliva, gastric fruit drinks or mucus accumulates, it may give rise to phlegm in tonsils. Therefore, people suffering from acid reflux may also need to spit out mucus more often.
Respiratory tract infections are usually characterized by inflamed airways, that interfere with passage of air.
This has an effect on the exchange of oxygen from the alveoli to the bloodstream.
Correct diagnosis and therapy also plays an important role as far as recovery is concerned, and if the patient can have the ability to adjust some lifestyle habits, the restoration period becomes even quicker. Smoking, consuming alcohol, in addition to planning crowded and dusty areas is only going to aggravate the condition and increase the amount of time required for recouping, specifically in elderly people and also in children. Total mattress sleep and isolation from crowds will speed up the recovery process, plus reduce the probability of someone else getting chlamydia.
Influenza, which is commonly referred to as flu, is a respiratory infection that is caused by any of the strains of Influenza infections. The particular incidence of flu is higher during winter or early spring. The onset of the infection is marked by symptoms such as head aches, chills, and cough. The affected person may feel other symptoms such as a fever, loss of appetite, muscle tissue aches, fatigue, runny nose, irritated throat, sneezing, watery eyes, and so forth. At times, this upper respiratory tract infection can worsen into pneumonia.
However, hospitalization may be required in severe cases.
Inhalation of airborne nose and respiratory secretions of the infected individual can cause the transmission of the virus.
It would be best to avoid physical contact with a person who has cold, flu, or pneumonia.
Transmission of the virus can be averted if the infected individuals cover their mouth and nasal area while sneezing or even coughing.
Human parainfluenza virus sort 2 and Human parainfluenza virus type 3 could also trigger lower respiratory tract infections. These viruses can cause severe pneumonia in people who are immunocompromised. Infections caused by Man parainfluenza virus type 3 are likely to affect babies.
Runny nose Weakness and also fatigue Diagnosis The doctor will question the individual about the signs and symptoms and also do a physical examination. The doctor may advise a good X-ray to confirm the diagnosis. A sputum culture check might be recommended to check for the presence of bacteria in the sputum from the cough.
Following the aforementioned actions can lower the risk of respiratory infections. At times, bacterial pneumonia could occur together with viral pneumonia, or may well occur after viral pneumonia. Bacterial pneumonia is believed to be a more severe form, which is why medical help must be immediately sought to treat viral pneumonia at the earliest.
The bronchial tree in the human body is covered with tiny hair, called cilia. The function of cilia is to protect the formation of any mucus or obstacle in the airway, so that there is no trouble in breathing. However, due to a particular viruses, bacteria, things that trigger allergies etc., cilia is unable to carry out its work, resulting in the formation of mucus, which in turn, brings about intermittent coughing. Coughing is the self-corrective way of the human body in order to remove the obstacles in the airway. This is one of the prime reasons why several medical professionals advise you not to hinge too heavily on cough-suppressants.
Muscle Pain and Stiffness: Walking pneumonia can lead to a sudden decline in the energy levels of a person, ultimately causing extreme sleepiness and exhaustion. This particular weakness is continual even when the symptoms of the infections have receded. The lower energy and also fatigue may be accompanied by a loss of appetite, sweating, muscle pain, as well as stiffness in the important joints. Skin rashes and lesions on the skin are seen in certain cases.
This problem is caused by the inflammation of the lungs because of infections caused by microorganisms, fungi, and viruses.
Exposure to certain chemicals as well as food poisoning can also trigger away a lung infection.
Do not make use of the personal belongings of an infected person.
Refrain from touching areas that may have been touched by the infected person.
Albuterol Albuterol is often a bronchodilator that eases the breathing process of the patient by relaxing the muscles in the airway and by increasing airflow to the lungs. It can be used to take care of bronchospasm with a reversible obstructive airway illnesses, such as asthma and bronchitis. As some people might be allergic to this, it should only be used after looking at along with an expert or a doctor. Those who have conditions, such as a heart disease, thyroid problem, diabetic issues, and so forth., must inform the doctor of the same. This would help the doctor to see if the medicine should be recommended in order to you and what should be the serving for the treatment. Harmless, it is better to be able to inform the doctor of any current problem. The normal brand names associated with this medication include Proventil, Ventolin, and also Accuneb.
Person experiencing bacterial pneumonia takes about 1 - 3 days to improve after starting an antibiotic treatment.
Nevertheless complete recovery may well take about 3 weeks of your time.
It can be an anti-inflammatory medication or a steroid that are only able to stop asthma attacks and is not useful in treating an asthma attack that has already begun. If you are allergic to any medicine or if you have problems, such as osteoporosis, liver illness, tuberculosis, herpes simplex eye infection or any microbial, viral, or yeast infection needs to be informed to the doctor. A standard brand name with regard to this medication is Pulmicort Flexhaler as well as Pulmicort Respules.
Walking pneumonia can occur at any time during the year, and will spread from one person to another through respiratory secretions, coughs and sneezes. Although the signs and symptoms of walking pneumonia are mild, it is best to seek advice from a doctor, for infected individual is contagious for around 20 days, during which he or she can spread the infection by way of connection with cough droplets.
CausesPneumonia takes place due to a variety of reasons, nearly 30 causes of pneumonia are identified.
The two main causes of pneumonia are bacteria, including mycoplasmas, as well as viruses.
Aspiration pneumonia usually arises due to the entry of a foreign material in the lungs.
Blood culture Chest X-rays Sputum analysis Bronchoscopy is another method that may be conducted to examine the bronchial tubes. In some cases, pulse oximetry might be done to be able to measure the amount of oxygen in a person's blood.
SymptomsThe recovery period depends on the severity of the infection, and the severity of this condition depends on the cause of it. Pneumonia can be brought on either by bacterial infection or by viral infection, and both types typically display almost similar features and symptoms. The following are the usually noticed the signs of pneumonia. TreatmentThe precise treatment depends on the type and severity of the problem, and may require hospitalization as well. The normal method for managing pneumonia usually consists of the following options. Whilst going through therapy, it is advisable to practice good cleanliness, stick to a healthy diet, ensure total rest, and also stay away from alcohol consumption and smoking (active and passive).
The treatment training course includes a combination of a lot of rest, intake of fluids, and antibiotics like clarithromycin, erythromycin, azithromycin, and tetracycline. Antibiotics assist in stalling the spread of the disease, as long as they have been started early in the course of the illness. Young kids with weaker immune systems tend to be more susceptible to being have contracted the infectious bacteria.
The early symptoms of a viral lung infection are usually very similar to that of flu. This is due to the fact that viruses that cause flu can also cause irritation of the airways and the lungs. If left untreated, common cold or flu could progress in order to pneumonia.
Varicella-zoster virus and also herpes simplex virus could also cause pneumonia in adults with a weak immune system. Though adenoviruses usually trigger upper respiratory tract infections, these kinds of could sometimes cause bronchiolitis or pneumonia in young children.
The fungal species that could cause infection in lungs are essentially unavoidable as they exist everywhere, even in the food. Usually, they make it to the lungs when we take a breath their own spores, but then, the infection can also spread through other parts of the body to the lungs through our system. In normal circumstances, the immune system attacks and destroys these invaders as soon as they get into your body, even before they trigger any damage. In many people, nevertheless, the immune system is compromised due to some or the other purpose, and for that reason their body struggles to fight this an infection. When inside of, the fungi keep growing by deriving nourishment from the body itself.
Symptoms Breathing Trouble: Apart from nasal congestion or runny nose, inflammation of the airways interferes with the particular infant's ability to breathe properly. Difficulty in breathing is the most common symptom of infant bronchitis. The infection causes shortness of breath and is accompanied by wheezing sound while breathing.
Common cold also can become deadly as well as impact the bronchial pontoons. This often happens when this viral infection is not handled properly. Common chilly getting severe can affect the bronchial pontoons, at some point leading to bronchitis. So, even with nasal congestion and repeated times of sneezing have stopped, the person continues in order to cough often, which can be showing bronchitis.
Person who has contracted pneumonia activities high fever, chills, cough, chest pain, etc. It may also include smooth and pus accumulation in the lungs. There are hundreds of thousands of people who get suffering from this disease every year, and the mortality rate of this disease is 5 - 30%.
Ear Soreness and Infection: The symptoms of walking pneumonia are persistent for a long time, that can lead to specific ear infections, also called otitis media. This can lead to ear pain, soreness, and difficulty in hearing and sleeping.
Doctors may also suggest painkillers, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, or even bronchodilators. Doctors might also follow a symptomatic strategy and prescribe specific drugs in order to relieve the signs and symptoms that are showed by the patient. The individual is usually asked to take rest and also boost his/her consumption of fluids.
Unlike the serious form of pneumonia, strolling pneumonia, also known as atypical pneumonia, is a gentle variation of pneumonia.
We'll have a closer look at the signs and symptoms that are related to walking pneumonia, to comprehend it better.
Apart readily available options of treatment, you can also take the help of some home-based treatments to be able to alleviate the condition.
Drinking water in adequate amounts helps you to dilute the actual mucus, which in turn helps the body to clear it easily.
Apart from this particular, you need to use vaporizer while sleeping to be able to humidify the particular lungs.
The anatomical houses of the human respiratory system tend to be put into the upper and lower respiratory tract. While the upper respiratory tract includes the nasal passages, pharynx (throat), larynx (voice box), and trachea (windpipe), the lower respiratory tract consists of the lungs and the bronchial tubes. The lungs, which are paired, sponge-like organs located in the chest cavity, perform an extremely important role in the process of breathing. The air that we take a breath enters the actual trachea, coming from where it is carried to the lungs from the two main branches of the trachea (bronchial tubes).
The exchange of carbon dioxide and also oxygen happens in alveoli, which are microscopic sacs that can be found in the lungs. Medically referred to as pneumonia, a lung an infection takes place when pathogens such as bacteria, infections, or fungus enter the lungs and multiply. A viral lung infection, because the name suggests, is infectivity that is the result of a virus. Viruses that cause common cold or flu are often responsible for causing pneumonia. These viruses can spread to people when they come in contact with the respiratory secretions of the infected persons or make use of their personal belongings. Viruses may also be sent if a person touches infected surfaces.
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foot parking brake how to control it? The left foot pedal, can work; then forced a left foot, then release, you can release the handbrake. Of course, there are other ways, such as the Mercedes Benz car foot parking brake needs manual release: the steering wheel on the left side of a handle, a hand pull, you can release the foot brake.
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A totem is any natural or supernatural object, being or animal which has personal symbolic meaning to an individual and to whose phenomena and energy one feels closely associated with during one's life.
A simplified dramatic example of this belief in practice is in the Walt Disney Pictures animated film, Brother Bear. In the film, a boy from a proto-Inuit tribe receives a totem of the Bear, which represents Love. Although he initially rejects it, by the end of the story he follows its ideals more literally than anyone ever dreamed possible.
For some tribes, totems can represent larger groups than the individual person, and clans and tribes can have a totem. In kinship and descent, if the apical ancestor of a clan is nonhuman, it is called a totem. Normally this belief is accompanied by a totem myth.
Although the term is of Native American origin, totemistic beliefs are not limited to Native Americans. Similar totemism-like beliefs have been historically found throughout much of the world, including Western Europe, Eastern Europe, Africa, Australia and the Arctic polar region.
In modern times, some individuals, not otherwise involved in the practice of a tribal religion, have chosen to adopt as a personal totem an animal which has some kind of special meaning to them. This practice is prevalent in, but not limited to, the New Age movement. Beliefs regarding totems can vary, from merely adopting one as a whim, to adopting an animal that a person sees representing favorable traits reflected in their own behavior or appearance. A few believe their totem acts as a literal spirit guide. Some Native Americans and other followers of tribal religions take a dim view of New Agers' and others' adoption of totem animals, arguing that a non-adherent cannot truly understand totemism apart from the cultural context, and that at worst, it represents a commercialization of their religious beliefs.
Totemism (derived from the root -oode in the Ojibwe language, which referred to something kinship-related) is a religious belief that is frequently associated with shamanistic religions. The totem is usually an animal or other naturalistic figure that spiritually represents a person or, more likely, a clan.
Totemism played an active role in the development of 19th and early 20th century theories of religion, especially for thinkers such as Émile Durkheim, who concentrated their study on primitive societies (the term primitive societies was an acceptable description at the time). Drawing on the identification of social group with spiritual totem in Australian aboriginal tribes, Durkheim theorized that all human religious expression was intrinsically founded in the relationship to a group.
In his essay Le Totemisme aujourdhui (Totemism Today), Claude Lévi-Strauss shows that human cognition, which is based on analogical thought, is independent of social context. From this, he excludes mathematical thought, which operates primarily through logic. Totems are chosen arbitrarily for the sole purpose of making the physical world a comprehensive and coherent classificatory system. Lévi-Strauss argues that the use of physical analogies is not an indication of a more primitive mental capacity. It is rather, a more efficient way to cope with this particular mode of life in which abstractions are rare, and in which the physical environment is in direct friction with the society. He also holds that scientific explanation entails the discovery of an arrangement; moreover, since the science of the concrete is a classificatory system enabling individuals to classify the world in a rational fashion, it is neither more nor less a science than any other in the western world. It is important to recognise that in this text the egalitarian nature of Lévi-Strauss and his work is manifested in all its force, and more importantly Lévi-Strauss diverts the interest of anthropology towards the understanding of human cognition.
Strauss looked at the ideas of Firth and Fortes, Durkheim, Malinowski, and Evans-Pritchard to reach his conculsions. Firth and Fortes argued that Totemism was based on a physical or psychological similarties between the clan and the totemic animal. Malinowski proposed that it was based on empirical interest or that the totem was 'good to eat.' In other words there was rational interest in preserving the species. Finally Evans-Pritchard argued that the reason for totems was metaphoric. His work with the Nuer led him to believe that totems are a symbolic representation of the group. Strauss saw Evan-Pritchard's work as the correct explanation.
The totem poles of North America have many different designs (bears, birds, frogs, people, lizards, see pictogram). They have arms, wings and legs. The Chinese totim carvings also have many animal forms but are made with greater details; the smaller ones even have legs, arms and costumes.
The oldest surviving totem culture (totim in Chinese) may be found in Sanxingdui, China, dating back more than 5000 years. Metal masks in gold or bronze were mounted on wood poles. It is possible that totem culture may have spread from China to the rest of the world.
In Zimbabwe totems (mitupo) have been in use among the Shona people from the initial stages of their culture. The use of totems identifies the different clans that historically made up the ancient civilizations of the dynasties that ruled the Shona people from Great Zimbabwe. Most notably these symbols were associated with animal names. The purpose of the totem was meant to guard against incestuous behaviour; for the social identity of the clan; and also to praise someone in recited poetry. In contemporary Shona society there are at least 25 identifiable totems (mitupo) with at least 60 principal names (zvidawo).Every Shona clan is identified by a particular totem (mutupo) and principal praise name (chidawo). The principal praise name in this case is used to disitinguish people who have the same totem but are from different clans; for example clans that share the same totem Shumba (lion) will show their different clansmanship by using a particular praise name like Murambwe, or Nyamuziwa. The foundations of the totems are inspired in rhymes that reference the history of the totem.
The Clan is the core of every Shona chiefdom. It is a group of agnatically related kinsmen and women who trace their descent from a common founding ancestor.
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Instagram is warm and welcoming and a fun place to communicate! Who does well on Instagram, for the most part? It’s a good place for celebrities, good photographers, visual storytellers, Etsy sellers, and people with a consistent style.
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I find it deeply saddening seeing what is becoming of humanity and this world. As humans we are complex creatures; and everyone is so different- which makes everyday both a blessing and a struggle.This year has been full of struggles; from brutal murders to shock political decisions and war. Right wing populism is sweeping across the globe, and as a young person I feel more and more detached from the place I call home; and the people that inhabit it.
I honestly find it incredibly difficult to comprehend the extreme negative attitudes surrounding immigration, race, sexuality, abortion etc. It hurts me that people can so quickly turn on one and other with little excuse. It is our individuality that makes society and the world such an interesting place, it is our differences that unite us. I am distressed about the mistreatment of women, POC, immigrants, muslims, and the LGBT community; and what will become of the world in four years time.
It is particularly disheartening to find that Donald Trump doesn't believe in climate change and wishes to dismantle the Paris agreement. The world is in a very fragile state, if we don't change our habits now the world may not be here for much longer.
And I find that saddening. I find it saddening that someone chooses to disregard something that is clearly visible and something that is happening right now; because it doesn't benefit his business, and because he would rather blame another culture for a problem caused primarily by his own, western culture.
Whilst I may not be American, I can clearly see the issues that arise following Trumps 'triumph'. I want to believe thats it's all a joke, but his win will have a huge impact on the world and global issues.
How are you all feeling about this news?
It is so important to talk about society issues aswell as everything according to the environment, I agree with all your words!
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Companies carefully guard their recipes for making chewing gum, but all chewing gum has the same basic ingredients. However, specific ingredients, give the gum delicious taste, are kept as secret. The basic ingredients are: gum base, softeners, sweeteners and flavorings. The ingredient that makes your gum 'chewable' is gum base. Gum base is the main ingredient in modern chewing gum.
Originally, chewing gum was made from the latex sap (chicle) of the sapodilla tree or other tree saps. For many years, gum base was made from chicle which was the chief ingredient in chewing gum. Today many modern chewing gums use rubber instead of chicle. In the middle 1900s, chemists learned to make synthetic rubber, which became a substitute for most natural rubber in chewing gums. Most gums are made from a synthetic rubber, or a mixture of artificial and natural bases.
Softeners are added to retain moisture. The most popular softeners are glycerin or vegetable oil based. Those ingredients are used to help prevent the gum from becoming hard or to stark.
Sweeteners are added to gum to give it that sweet flavor. Those ingredients are usually sugar, corn syrup and even beet juice. Sugar is probably the healthiest off all sweeteners. There are many synthetic sweeteners, but the most used are xylitol, sorbitol, mannitol and aspartame are also used.
A flavor ingredient in chewing gum has been found to provide long lasting, high intensity and high quality flavor. The flavorings are added last. The most used flavors in chewing gums are: peppermint (called only mint), fruit, spearmint (a variation of mint flavor), menthol (a mint related flavor). Other flavors are synthetically created and perfected in the lab.
Gum bases are mixed with other ingredients to make chewing gum.
Bubble gum contains more of the gum base and softener.
What exactly are the ingredients in the chewing gum depend on the type of gum being made.
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What are memes, demotivators and happy birthday goddaughter meme?
A happy birthday goddaughter meme reproduce and spread on social networks, like viruses. Particularly successful memes are becoming so popular that they are transmitted from user to user in a matter of seconds. In this regard, the happy birthday goddaughter meme can be compared, for example, with the popular jokes. After all, the main purpose of a meme, as well as a joke, is a laugh, or a last resort, a smile.
The content of memes and happy birthday goddaughter meme is closely connected with events in the country and the world, with the fashion and life of the vast majority of people on the planet. The popularity of the meme and the happy birthday goddaughter meme depends on how accurately its content will reveal the essence of the above-mentioned spheres of human activity. So in connection with the fashion for cats, today the largest number of likes are recruiting memes about these animals. When the national football team loses the next match, on the Internet, memes immediately scatter, ridiculing the failure of the players. For many years, memes on eternal themes remain popular: relations between representatives of different sexes, friendship, loneliness.
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Books shop sports sections used to bulge with cricket biographies. These days, few see the light of day with the larger publishers if they do not scream 'guaranteed best seller.' That was clearly the case with two that did find a place in mainstream catalogues in 2014.
After all the claims and counter-claims that surrounded his jettisoning from England's cricket teams, Kevin Pietersen's autobiography was always going to fly off the shelves as the South African-born batsman -- the most exciting star in the English game since Ian Botham -- took the opportunity to tell his side of the biggest cricket story since Botham's chequered career was making front page headlines in the 1980s.
It was no wonder there were five publishers competing for the right to publish his story, Little, Brown eventually winning the bidding war for the book, which was published under the Sphere imprint in time for the Christmas market.
Geoffrey Boycott has not picked up a cricket bat in anger -- at least not in terms of playing the game for a living -- since Yorkshire declined to offer him a new contract in September 1986, when Pietersen was perhaps picking one up for the first time as a six-year-old boy in Pietermaritzburg.
Yet his outspoken punditry has enabled him to stay at the forefront of the game, and his survival after developing throat cancer ensured that his first biography for 27 years would have plenty of material for Simon & Schuster to be confident of success.
Here, The Sports Bookshelf takes a close look at Boycott's The Corridor of Certainty and Pietersen's KP: The Autobiography.
An autobiography needs to provide a shock or two to catch a headline-writer's eye and Boycott delivers his in the opening paragraph, which contains an apology. Recounting how many enemies he has made during his life in cricket, he admits that his forthright manner "sometimes rubbed people up the wrong way."
"For that I am sorry," he writes. Contrition is not what we have come to expect from Geoffrey, although some have suggested that he rather underestimates how many noses he has put out of joint. As one reviewer put it, were to he replace 'sometimes' with 'always' in his confessional opening sentence, it might be more accurate.
Boycott's first autobiography, published in 1987, contained few if any apologies, outlining as it did his position in the civil war that tore Yorkshire cricket apart during the 1970s and 1980s and why he was right.
Now he looks back from a different perspective, a mellower and more rounded one perhaps, as a 74-year old cancer survivor. The Yorkshire controversies -- and his decision to exile himself from Test cricket between 1974 and 1977 -- are revisited, but now with an acknowledgment that he made mistakes and an admission that he has regrets, not least the 18 years in which he was estranged from Fred Trueman, the teammate he had idolised as a boy yet with whom he did not speak between 1983 and 2001.
The chapters on his emotional response to his cancer diagnosis and on the gruelling treatment he endured in order to overcome the disease come early in the book. Boycott describes the experience in such candid, personal terms it is impossible not to be moved.
It is Boycott opening up as never before and we learn about the effect on his life of marrying Rachael, with whom he had an on-off relationship spanning 40 years, and his joy at enjoying in his senior years the experience of fatherhood, with the arrival of their daughter, Emma.
There is a strong chapter too on his admiration for and friendship with Brian Clough, an unlikely coming together of two super-egos that led to an enduring friendship. Clough loved cricket and admired Boycott for his skill and professionalism, while Boycott followed football closely and saw in Clough a man of maverick characteristics with which he could empathise.
The glaring omission from the book is anything at all on his conviction for assaulting a former lover in France in 1998, for which he was given a suspended jail sentence.
As for Boycott being a changed man, humbled by having confronted the possibility of dying, rest assured he has not yet become a self-effacing model of modesty. Even in the darkest moments of his illness, when fear dominated his thoughts, he reminds himself how famous he is.
The day before his first visit to a specialist, aware that there was something wrong and able to think of little else, he and Rachael hosted a lunch at their home for members of the touring Indian cricket team, Boycott noting that Suarev Ganguly, VVS Laxman and Rahul Dravid "wanted to watch films of me batting". Rachael, meanwhile, had arranged for a local restaurant to provide the food only to discover it was Pakistani rather than Indian, much to her embarrassment. Boycott, though, was able to reassure her. Any fears that the Indian team might be 'nobbled' by their fiercest rivals could be discounted, he said, because "all the waiters were far more interested in being in Geoffrey Boycott's house and having photographs with me."
Boycott fans would find it disturbing to find that the iconic Yorkshireman had changed beyond recognition, however, and this updated memoir, pulled together nicely by Nick Hoult of the Daily Telegraph, has plenty to commend it.
Accustomed to failure in the 1990s, English cricket fans could have been forgiven for getting a little giddy when the Test team rose to the top of the world rankings and inflicted three innings defeats on Australia in one series.
But beneath this success there lay an undercurrent of bullying, a "contagiously sour and infectiously dour" head coach in Andy Flower and a clique spearheaded by the "Big Cheese" in wicket-keeper Matt Prior.
These are the words of Kevin Pietersen, the flamboyant batsman whom the media placed on a pedestal previously occupied by Sir Ian Botham and Andrew Flintoff. Within the dressing room, though -- at least in some parts of it -- he felt he was held in much lower esteem.
Pietersen's hard-hitting autobiography, ghost-written by Sunday Times journalist David Walsh, has rocked the cricket establishment. Out of contract with both England and Surrey, Pietersen was able to lift the lid on such matters as Textgate, the Twitter parody account 'KP Genius', his reintegration into the England set-up and his 'sacking' by England after last winter's Ashes whitewash, without fear of punishment.
He admits he was often naive and sometimes stupid, but insists he should not be cast as the villain, despite having been the common denominator in most of the recent controversies engulfing the England and Wales Cricket Board.
It appears throughout the book that Pietersen's biggest demon is within himself. Although he does discuss his troubles against left-arm spin, he tends to reflect on his performances in terms of whether or not he was "feeling right" at the crease rather than the threat posed by opposing bowlers.
Pietersen thrives when he is allowed to express himself and play naturally and believes he and Flower clashed because the Zimbabwean resented this carefree approach. He says Flower "took all the fun out of playing for England", although given that he inspired the side to such great success it is hard to imagine his players hated their work that much.
Pietersen is fiercely critical of the ECB for not managing his schedule, despite complicating matters himself by participating in the Indian Premier League, the virtues of which he extols. He slams the ECB and his former teammates for decrying it, yet acknowledges that he succeeded in winning lavish contracts year after year where his colleagues mostly failed. It is no wonder that they may have resented him talking about his experiences there.
He was convinced teammates were contributing to the 'KP Genius' Twitter account, which he took to be ridiculing him. The players have denied any involvement, although one can easily imagine they would have revelled in the indignation and outrage the account provoked.
He seems at his most thin-skinned in the accusations he levels at Stuart Broad and Graeme Swann -- aided by 'Big Cheese' Prior -- whom he alleges would bully fielders who dropped catches or made misfields. Yet for a bowler to explode with rage at a fielder reacting slowly or failing to stop a second run is hardly an unusual occurrence.
Pietersen's claim that this created an 'atmosphere of fear' is again not reflected by results, at least not until they dipped as his England career came towards its end.
While eloquently presented, the focus of the book is less on Pietersen's career than those individuals he perceives to have wronged him. Yet he maintains he is not bitter. He reiterates his love of playing for England and still says he would "jump at the chance" of a return. After this explosive tale, it is hard to see the selectors falling over themselves to make that call.
Buy The Corridor of Certainty from Amazon , Waterstones or WHSmith.
Buy KP: The Autobiography from Amazon , Waterstones or WHSmith.
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For a breakdown of the results by block district with maps, see Results of Japan general election, 2005.
The opposition Democratic Party (DPJ), which advocated a change of government during campaign, suffered a devastating loss, winning only 113 seats against 175 seats it held going into the election. The setback led the DPJ leader Katsuya Okada to resign, and raised a question whether the DPJ can remain an alternative to the LDP in the future elections.
Prime Minister Junichiro Koizumi dissolved the House of Representatives and called for new elections on 8 August 2005. The move was made in response to the defeat of bills that would have split Japan Post into four private companies over a period of ten years, on which Koizumi had staked the credibility of his reforms. The package was notably unpopular within Koizumi's own Liberal Democratic Party, as retired employees of Japan Post have been strong supporters of the LDP in past elections, and its banking system has bankrolled expensive public work projects, providing business for the LDP's supporters in the construction industry. Koizumi used the threat of an early election to push the bills through the House of Representatives (the lower house), where it was approved by just 5 votes. The same threat was less effective in the upper chamber, the House of Councillors, which the prime minister does not have the power to dissolve. On 8 August 2005, 30 LDP members of the House of Councillors joined the opposition in voting 'no' or abstaining to block the legislation. Koizumi had announced that a 'no' vote would be considered equivalent to a no confidence vote against his administration, and thus called a snap election for the House of Representatives.
Before the dissolution, there was notable dissatisfaction with the decision to dissolve within the LDP, because the LDP and its government partner, New Kōmeitō, feared losing their majority in the lower house, which chooses the Prime Minister. In the previous lower-house election (2003) and upper-house election (2004), the Democratic Party (DPJ) had performed handsomely, while the LDP was barely able to keep its majorities with a reduced number of seats despite the popularity of Koizumi. Election analysts ascribed the poor performance of the LDP to Koizumi's reforms that have eroded its traditional supporters such as farmers, "Mom-Pop" shop owners and construction workers, because the reforms, including deregulation and tax cuts, were tuned to help big global corporations like Toyota. Many in the LDP, among whom was Yoshiro Mori, former prime minister and Koizumi's long-time backer, showed a concern that the widening splits between Koizumi and the rebels within his party would help the competing DPJ candidates win seats in highly contested districts. At the height of the protest, Koizumi even had to dismiss a member of his Cabinet when he refused to sign the Imperial Ordinance for dissolution. There had also been concern that the so-called "political vacuum", created if both the LDP and the DPJ fail to gain a clear majority, would impede the already sluggish recovery of the Japanese economy.
The main opposition Democratic Party (DPJ), consisting of former LDP members and liberals, saw the election as a chance to end the LDP's nearly continuous 50-year control of the government and to start reforms of government spending and employees. Many analysts believed that the DPJ would be less beholden to special interests than the entrenched LDP, and a change of government was vital to lead to a true democracy in Japan. On 10 August, Katsuya Okada, the leader of the DPJ, said that he would resign if the DPJ failed to take over the government, paralleling Koizumi's stated intention.
^ 9 Aug 2005 (9 August 2005). "Asia Times Online :: Japan News and Japanese Business and Economy". Atimes.com. Retrieved 4 June 2010.
^ "asahi.com： 2005総選挙". .asahi.com. 18 September 2005. Retrieved 4 June 2010.
This page was last edited on 16 February 2019, at 20:21 (UTC).
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If you are considering selling your gold and other jewelry, then a few initial questions arise: Is selling your gold jewelry a good idea? When is the best time to sell gold jewelry? And where to sell gold jewelry? Philosophy of basic economic success states to purchase while prices are down and sell them while prices are elevated. Do not try or speculate or guess the gold market as this will only cause confusion and problems. When the prices are high that means it is moment to sell them. Therefore, after deciding to sell, you must decided where will you want to sell them so that you get the best price for your gold jewelry, platinum, watches, etc.
Your gold jewelry might be lost in transit through the mail, and you have little to no guarantee in that case.
You do not see who is testing your jewelry or how it is being tested.
These companies pay huge amounts of money for marketing and overhead, to allow them to be able to low ball you in their offer to buy your gold and jewelry. They can particularly do this, as they already possess your jewelry at that point.
Lastly, it might take several weeks and occasionally months to obtain the money or at least get your gold, jewelry, or diamonds back in your possession. Because of the combination of these factors, you might be better off considering other options.
Your second option available for selling gold and jewelry is to sell them to a pawn shop. Often pawn shops are not quality places and they do not provide the best prices. People generally sell their gold and jewelry to pawn shops while they desperately need money. Next alternative may be a jeweler. They definitely know all the things about the jewelry but they are probably not the perfect people to take gold bars, coins, etc. Jewelers would most likely specialize in diamond rings, engagement rings, pendants, etc. and even then, you are at the mercy of their appraisal system, since they will want to turn around and sell your gold jewelry for a profit.
You might think to sell your gold online like Cash 4 Gold services, but the problem is no one can find out which site is genuine. It dealing with online companies involves several risks.
Your final and perhaps best alternative is a local jewelry buyer. These people specialize in the business of gold jewelry. A good quality gold buyer utilizes electronic testing so that you do not bear any doubt that they have altered or scratched your jewelry. A good jewelry buyer is very flexible and easy to work with, as he or she fits in any timetable. Also jewelry buyers test your gold jewelry and other precious metals right in front of you, in a private and confidential consultation. In these appointments, you are allowed to interact with the jewelry/gold buyer and ask any questions and get the response instantly. Even better, at least for you as the gold and jewelry seller, payment is received immediately, before you even walk out of the building.
With the way the fashion industry is today, looking good has never been so important.
Everyone wants to look hot and fashionable. Women in particular take their appearance very seriously. They wouldn’t dare walk out their house in last weeks styles.
Fashion Fashion Fashion is what it is all about in the 21st Century.
Everyone is reading magazines, watching ads on TV, checking advertising billboards, to find out what the latest trends are this season.
However, the pressure to look beautiful and chic can be harsh on many people.
Firstly, most people are not supermodels, and they probably never will be. The pictures of gorgeous models are almost always edited to enhance their look beyond reality.
Hence many teens nowadays suffer from insecurity because they want to be like the supermodels but simply cannot imitate these images.
When you see pictures of people that are impossibly thin, they are usually just that-impossible.
Secondly, maintaining a beautiful image is very expensive. The hottest styles, high end jewelry and accessories are very costly. Perfume and shoes run at a high price.
When a woman walks out the house, she needs to be fully made up.
It is not only about the clothes. She needs her accessories as well.
From shades to a watch, jewelry to shoes, and belts to bags. She needs it all. And they all must be of the latest trends. The styles keep changing from day to day, and its just so hard to keep up.
So how can you look good without going broke?
How can a man buy his girlfriend, wife or fiance a nice piece of jewelry without taking out a loan?
Here are couple of ways.
One thing that may be worth looking into is buying wholesale jewelry or wholesale fashion jewelry.
There are many sites on the Internet where you can buy bulk amounts of jewelry for great deals. It may be worth asking a few friends to split a big wholesale order of jewelry or accessories with them. You will be very surprised at how much you can save by buying wholesale. Wholesalers are happy to give a greater discount when they know they will be selling many pieces. With so much material available now on the Internet, it is very easy to shop around.
Next, using Internet search engines to find the best price is another very effective way to save money.
Thirdly, shopping on auction, or shopping websites is also a great money saving idea. On these websites you can find extremely good deals from people that have bought things that are the wrong size or season and now they have no need for them. It is worth taking a look, and seeing what you can get. This way you can pick up, top quality, brand new items at a fraction of the High Street price.
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Around 1792 John Dunkin moved into one of the spacious homes in the Paragon (picture to the left; see page above for more on this residence). His success as a cornfactor and with his farms earned him considerable wealth, which, as his succession of large city and country homes reveals, he did not suffer to decline during this lifetime.
In 1779-80, Dr. John Lettsom built his beautiful home and grounds at Grove Hill, near Camberwell Green. Up the road along Denmark Hill development would soon begin at Champion Hill, a section of Camberwell devoted to large homes, one of the first being no. 23, built in 1791 by John Searles, the same architect who built the Paragon in Walworth (also in 1791) where John Dunkin lived previously and who would later build the Paragon in Blackheath where John Hays would live for a time. It appears the Dunkins and the Hays families knew Searles and approved of his housing developments, for Nathaniel Palmer, who married Dunkin's daughter, Joanna, lived for a time in Surrey Square not long after it was built by Searles in 1795.
The homes in Champion Hill were among the most palatial in all of South London at that time, including the Platanes (pictured to the left, built in the early 1880s and now part of King's College University of London) and the Terrace (pictured below to the left, dating from the 1850s), both of which still stand to this day, as well as many other homes dating from the early part of the eighteenth century.
In 1804, John Dunkin left South London (where he had lived all his life) for a country estate at Woodham Mortimer Lodge in Essex. It is located about 3 three miles from Maldon, Essex, where relations of Crabb Robinson and John Towill Rutt would join with the Dunkin family; many of his daughters were married in the Maldon church. In fact, Crabb Robinson's cousin, Thomas Isaac (b. 1767) was a previous owner of the estate (see Robinson's Reminiscences, "Family), possibly the owner immediately prior to Dunkin, which further expands the connections that existed by 1804 between Hays's extended family and that of Crabb Robinson. Woodham Mortimer Lodge is a an eighteenth-century Grade II Listed Building; the two-story home (pictured above) has a current value of over three million pounds.
Taplow Hall, Buckinghamshire, or most likely, Taplow House, is located in the small village of Taplow, a little over a mile from Maidenhead and situated along the Thames. Taplow House was purchased in 1794 by a Mr. Grenfell (d. 1838), who enlarged and remodeled the house. In 1839 it was purchased by the Marquis of Thomond. Other homes of similar nature in Taplow were Taplow Court, Taplow Lodge, and Taplow Hill (James Joseph Sheahan, History and Topography of Buckinghamshire [London: Longman, Green, Longman, and Roberts, 1862], 852). Taplow House is a Tudor mansion, and was once used to house Princess Elizabeth by Queen Mary prior to Elizabeth’s becoming Queen in 1558. In 1811 it belonged to the Earl of Orkney, who also owned Clivedon House nearby. The house is situated along the Thames with views of Windsor Castle and Eton College. At the time Dunkin lived there, it would have looked something like the picture to the left, with the smokestacks from the house just visible above the tree line (picture taken from William Bernard Cooke, The Thames; or, Graphic Illustrations of Seats, Villas, Public Buildings, and Picturesque Scenery, on the Banks of the noble River [London: Vernor and Hood, 1811], vol. 1, n.p.).
Woodhill Place, Bath, is a five-bedroom estate home and gardens, built c. 1810, situated near the top of Bathwick Hill, a little over a mile from the city centre. Its present condition is very much as it was in its original state. As his obituary in the Morning Post for 10 November 1827 noted, John Dunkin died at his residence at Woodhill Place, Bath, on 5 November, aged 74.
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Engineering physics combines the fundamentals of engineering, physics and mathematics to convert theoretical science into new technology. Engineering physicists undertake fundamental scientific research and apply it to the development of new technologies in fields such as nanotechnology, quantum devices, computer simulation of physical systems, photonics, nuclear engineering to name but a few leading edge scientific pursuits. By applying mathematics and the laws of physics to engineering problems, engineering physicists engage what is seemingly abstract to real-world challenges: how to build complex nanoscale devices; or how to find practical applications for non-linear optics. This multidisciplinary attribute of the work of engineering physicists means that, unlike other engineering disciplines, engineering physics is not tied to a single branch of science. Indeed technological advances will often be the result of new scientific discoveries made possible by creative technological innovations developed by engineering physicist. In a word, science advances technology as technology advances scientific research. How to do so is the skill set of engineering physics.
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Nieuport, from Edouard Nieuport(1875–1911) was arguably, before the arrival of the SPADs and UK's major models from Sopwith and RAF, the main entente fighter. Propelled by rotating Gnome engines, these sesquiplan were built by the thousands, were flawn by all aviations, and spawn the first aces. It all started from a engine part manufacturer, Nieuport-Duplex in 1902. Reformed in 1909, it became the Société Générale d'Aéro-locomotion, and started to produce aviation engine parts like ignition systems, and soon started to work on a first fully-fledged aircraft, a small single-seat monoplane destroyed after a first flight. The second plane flown at the end of 1909 and was more advanced with its enclosed fuselage and horizontal tail balancing the weight of the engine ahead of the center of gravity, an original solution contrary to the Blériot XI.
Nieuport did not had the engines it wanted and eventually started their own engine line in 1910 with a twin-cylinder horizontally-opposed engine which produced 28 hp (21 kW) the Nieuport II used. The next year in 1911, the company started to build complete aircrafts aside its components production and propellers (Deplante) and the next year as Edouard Nieuport died in flight, the company was managed by Henri Deutsch de la Meurthe, a rich and famous supporter of early aviation and racing. The company became the Société Anonyme des Établissements Nieuport and the second of the brothers, Charles Nieuport, died in another accident in 1912, the chief designer became the Swiss Franz Schneider which would join later in 1913 German L.V.G. and work with Anthony Fokker, creating the famous synchronizer that changed aerial combat.
Gustave Delage in turn became Nieuport's new chief designer in January 1914, working on a sesquiplane racer biplane with a specific top wing. Not really fit for production when WW1 broke out, the model was refined into the Nieuport 10 which saw extensive service with the French, Russian aviations and the Royal Naval Air Service (R.N.A.S.). The Nieuport 10 was quickly replaced by the more powerful Nieuport 12, which served with the Royal Flying Corps (R.F.C.) as fighters. The Nieuport 11 "baby" was based on the Nieuport 10 and was both smaller and more agile. The next models would evolve in gradual improvements culminating with the Nieuport 27. "V-strut" sesquiplane wing shape required careful handling with a power that almost doubled over time, and there was the risk of structural failures. In April 1917 the last Nieuport was found already outclassed by the Albatros D.III and delays meant Nieuport 27s were only available in the spring of 1918. Many of these in French and American service were found reclassed as advanced trainers in flying schools until the end of the war. Pilots like Albert Ball and Charles Nungesser adored the Nieuport for its agility and very sensitive controls. Eddie Rickenbacker and Billy Bishop also used the Nieuport in their early career.
Nieuport 27 trainer of the 31st Aero squadron.
The Nieuport 28 was a completely new design with two spars on the upper and lower wings and was at last sturdy enough for its engines. Unfortunately it arrived when the French had already made their mind and chosed the SPAD S.XIII. Only shortage of the SPAD drove fighter squadrons of the United States Army Air Service (USAAS) to operate the Nieuport 28 instead, first fighter to be used on operations by an American squadron. Nieuports were also built under licence in Italy, Russia and the UK (William Beardmore of Scotland).
As usual, production models are in bold letters (military only), with production figures in brackets.
Nieuport IV 1911 two-seat sport/racing monoplane.
Nieuport 26 prototype (Hispano-Suiza 8A engine).
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Turkey Tourist Visa For Filipinos.
If you're living and working in Dubai UAE, holding a Philippine passport and planning a vacation in Europe, America or anywhere in the world, I must say applying for a tourist visa to any country is easier kesa pag nasa Pilipinas tayo (Applying Turkey Tourist Visa from The Philippines), we also have a big chances to get a visa approval to visit any of those country where we need visa. But of course every embassy or consulate has its own set of requirements before letting someone to go to their country, and its very important to have those requirements completed.
Visa is Required: Karamihan sa mga tourist destination sa buong mundo eh required tayong mga Pilipino na kumuha ng visa bago tayo makapunta sa bansa na nais nating puntahan katulad ng USA, Italy, UK, Greece, Japan, Turkey atbp.
Visa On Arrival: Ang iba namang mga bansa ay yong tinatawag na Visa On Arrival (VOA) kung saan pag baba natin sa bansa nila eh saka palang nila tatatakan ng visa ang ating passport. Ang iba eh walang bayad at ang iba eh may kaukulang charges. Katulad ng Kenya, Myanmar, India, Maldives, Nepal, Nicaragua, Fiji atbp.
No Visa: Kahit papaano eh may mga bansa na Philippine passport lang natin ang kailangan at hindi na kailangan ng visa para makapunta sa bansa nila katulad ng Singapore, Thailand, Malaysia, Hongkong, Morrocco, Brazil, Bolivia, Peru, Equador atbp.
We just came from Turkey and everything was smooth and I am very happy with that 4 days trip. Me and my friend applied for a tourist visa one week before the flight and we got the visa 2 days after. The visa is single entry, valid to use within three months, can stay to Turkey maximum of 30 days. The visa application cost 220 dirhams and is not refundable. They have e-visa or online visa application pero hindi kasali ang bansa natin.
Personally these are some of the document we present to the Turkish consulate in Dubai.
1.Filled-up application form downloaded from their website, attached 1 passport size new picture..
2.Bank statement at least three months. I think they just need to know how much money goes in and goes out from your account, and if you can support your days of stay in Turkey. I Have just 1200 dirhams in my emirates NBD payroll.
3.Original Philippines Passport and a Photocopy. Valid for at least 6 months from time of application.
4.NOC letter from the sponsor or company you are working. Its a certificate of employment stating your joining date, your position and your salary. and is asking the consulate to let you enter Turkey.
5. Copy of confirmed round trip flight tickets and hotel booking. It means you need to book a flight and hotel before applying for visa.
Basically if you are ordinary employee like me you just need to submit these. But if not, Turkey Consulate in Dubai has this information for you to know.
"Applicants with residency from Dubai, Sharjah, Ras Al Khaimah, Fujairah and Ajman may apply for a Turkish visa in the Consulate General of Turkey in Dubai located at Dubai World Trade Center. Visa applications start at 09:00; Sunday to Thursday. Make your visa application in person and at least one week before you proceed to Turkey to avoid any inconvenience. The maximum number of visa applicants every day is 40.
Filled up application form must be completed with accurate information and signed.
NOC (No objection) letter from the sponsor.
If the applicant is the owner of the company, a copy of his/her trade license is required.
For children under 18 years old, both parents must be present at the application, and the NOC letter must be signed by both parents.
If the applicant is a maid, the sponsor must be present for the application with a copy of the sponsor’s passport."
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"Part Of The Plain," Dan Fogelberg originally "Part Of The Plan"
"Party Of The Plan," Dan Fogelberg originally "Part Of The Plan"
"Part Of The Plant," Dan Fogelberg originally "Part Of The Plan"
"Party Of Your World," Jodi Benson originally "Part Of Your World"
"Part Off Your World," Jodi Benson originally "Part Of Your World"
"Part Time Clover," Stevie Wonder originally "Part Time Lover"
"Party Time Lover," Stevie Wonder originally "Part Time Lover"
"The Partying Glass," The Clancy Brothers And Tommy Makem originally "The Parting Glass"
"Parting Sways," Pearl Jam originally "Parting Ways"
"Partying Ways," Pearl Jam originally "Parting Ways"
"Partly," Van McCoy originally "Party"
"Parity," Van McCoy originally "Party"
"Parity All The Time," Eddie Murphy originally "Party All The Time"
"Party Ate Ground Zero," Fishbone originally "Party At Ground Zero"
"Partly At Ground Zero," Fishbone originally "Party At Ground Zero"
"Parity At Ground Zero," Fishbone originally "Party At Ground Zero"
"Party Crowed," David Lee Murphy originally "Party Crowd"
"Party Dolly," Buddy Knox originally "Party Doll"
"Partly Doll," Buddy Knox originally "Party Doll"
"Party Droll," Buddy Knox originally "Party Doll"
"Party Drown," Reel Big Fish originally "Party Down"
"Partly Down," Reel Big Fish originally "Party Down"
"Partly Hard," Andrew W.K. originally "Party Hard"
"Party Heard," Andrew W.K. originally "Party Hard"
What did the party hear?
"Parity Hard," Andrew W.K. originally "Party Hard"
Achieving parity is often hard.
"Partly In My Head," Sophie Ellis-Bextor originally "Party In My Head"
"Partly In My Pants," Romanowski originally "Party In My Pants"
"Party In My Paints," Romanowski originally "Party In My Pants"
"Party In My Plants," Romanowski originally "Party In My Pants"
"Parity In The USA," Miley Cyrus originally "Party In The USA"
"Partly In The USA," Miley Cyrus originally "Party In The USA"
"Party Flights," Claudine Clark originally "Party Lights"
"Party Plights," Claudine Clark originally "Party Lights"
"Partly Lights," Claudine Clark originally "Party Lights"
"Party Blights," Claudine Clark originally "Party Lights"
"Partly Like A Rockstar," Shop Boyz originally "Party Like A Rockstar"
"The Party Liner," Belle And Sebastian originally "The Party Line"
"The Parity Line," Belle And Sebastian originally "The Party Line"
"Party Marker," Perfume originally "Party Maker"
"Party Masker," Perfume originally "Party Maker"
"Parity Maker," Perfume originally "Party Maker"
"Partly Music," Pat Lundi originally "Party Music"
"Parity Music," Pat Lundi originally "Party Music"
"Parity On The Moon," Vanessa Hudgens originally "Party On The Moon"
"Partly On The Moon," Vanessa Hudgens originally "Party On The Moon"
"Parity Out Of Bounds," The B-52's originally "Party Out Of Bounds"
"Partly Out Of Bounds," The B-52's originally "Party Out Of Bounds"
"Party Right Where," Dazz Band originally "Party Right Here"
"Party Fright Here," Dazz Band originally "Party Right Here"
Was it a Halloween party?
"Party Right There," Dazz Band originally "Party Right Here"
"Party Bright Here," Dazz Band originally "Party Right Here"
"Parity Right Here," Dazz Band originally "Party Right Here"
"Partly Rock Anthem," LMFAO originally "Party Rock Anthem"
And partly what else besides rock?
"Parity Rock Anthem," LMFAO originally "Party Rock Anthem"
"Party Frock Anthem," LMFAO originally "Party Rock Anthem"
"Party Crock Anthem," LMFAO originally "Party Rock Anthem"
"Party Timer," Damian Marley originally "Party Time"
"Partly Time," Damian Marley originally "Party Time"
And partly not time (for something)? How is that?
"Parity Time," Damian Marley originally "Party Time"
"Parity Train," The Gap Band originally "Party Train"
"Partly Your Body," Stevie B originally "Party Your Body"
"Pass Men By," Peggy Lee originally "Pass Me By"
"Pass Moe By," Peggy Lee originally "Pass Me By"
"Pass Mel By," Peggy Lee originally "Pass Me By"
"Pass Mae By," Peggy Lee originally "Pass Me By"
"Pass Meg By," Peggy Lee originally "Pass Me By"
"Patchers," Dickey Lee originally "Patches"
"Patti Anne," Johnny Crawford originally "Patti Ann"
"Paul Stanley Was Ax Lady," Toilet Boys originally "Paul Stanley Was A Lady"
"Paul Stanley Wash A Lady," Toilet Boys originally "Paul Stanley Was A Lady"
"Paula Stanley Was A Lady," Toilet Boys originally "Paul Stanley Was A Lady"
"Prawn Shop," Sublime originally "Pawn Shop"
A prawn is a shrimp-like crustacean.
"Play Back," Etta James originally "Pay Back"
"Pray It," Jeannie Ortega originally "Pay It"
"Play It," Jeannie Ortega originally "Pay It"
"Pay Mel," Usher originally "Pay Me"
"Pay Men," Usher originally "Pay Me"
"Pay Moe," Usher originally "Pay Me"
"Pay Mae," Usher originally "Pay Me"
"Play Me," Usher originally "Pay Me"
"Pay Meg," Usher originally "Pay Me"
"Peace At Least," Roger Daltrey originally "Peace At Last"
"Peace At Blast," Roger Daltrey originally "Peace At Last"
"Peace In Our Timer," Eddie Money originally "Peace In Our Time"
"Peace In Your Time," Eddie Money originally "Peace In Our Time"
"Peace Of Mindy," Boston originally "Peace Of Mind"
"Peace Spells," Ill Bill originally "Peace Sells"
Say a spell and bring peace? ...'Twould be nice!
"Peace Shells," Ill Bill originally "Peace Sells"
"Peace Smells," Ill Bill originally "Peace Sells"
Hopefully in sense of a good smell!
"Peace Swells," Ill Bill originally "Peace Sells"
"Preach," The Front Bottoms originally "Peach"
"Peachy," The Front Bottoms originally "Peach"
"Peach, Plume, Pear," Joanna Newsom originally "Peach, Plum, Pear"
Last name does not have an 'E' on the end!
"Preaches," Presidents Of The United States Of America originally "Peaches"
"Peaches And Scream," 112 originally "Peaches And Cream"
"Peanut Manx," Tim Buckley originally "Peanut Man"
"Peanut Mane," Tim Buckley originally "Peanut Man"
"Pearle Necklace," ZZ Top originally "Pearl Necklace"
"Peaks 'N' Rice," Freddie McCoy originally "Peas 'N' Rice"
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Washington (CNN) - Add Rep. Tom Petri to the growing list of House members who are retiring at the end of the year rather than running for re-election.
The Wisconsin Republican's office put out a statement Friday that the 17-term congressman will make a statement on Monday at a town hall in Neenah, Wisconsin, "announcing that he will not be a candidate for reelection to Congress."
Washington (CNN) - Facing controversy back home over documents from a 2010 investigation, at the National Governors Association in Washington, Wisconsin Gov. Scott Walker has decided the best defense is a good offense.
After initially being criticized by reporters in Wisconsin for not answering questions following Wednesday’s release of the records and e-mails, Walker has kept a high profile during the conference. He has made himself available to reporters several times, sat down with The Washington Post and taken part in a national television interview Sunday morning.
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The 1909 Gando Convention (traditional Chinese and Japanese: 間島協約; ; pinyin: Jiāndǎo Xiéyuē; Korean: 간도협약/間島協約) was a treaty signed between Imperial Japan and Qing China in which Japan recognized China's claims to Jiandao, called Gando in Korean. Japan received railroad concessions in Northeast China ("Manchuria"). The treaty is disputed by some Koreans who maintain an irredentist claim on Gando.
Jiandao, or Gando as it is called in Korean, is today part of Northeastern China. Many different states and tribes succeeded one another in ruling the area during ancient times, to include Korean states such as Buyeo, Goguryeo, and Balhae, followed later by the Jurchen Jin Dynasty and the Khitans.
Traditionally, the area was inhabited by nomadic tribes from the north and west, as well as Koreans and Chinese fleeing unrest, famine, or other sociopolitical conditions in their home countries. Eventually, it and much of the rest of Manchuria came under the control of the Manchu and later the Qing Dynasty. Gando itself, as it shared a border with Korea, was a particularly high-frequency destination for Koreans fleeing worsening conditions in the late Joseon dynasty after the early 1800s.
By the middle and the end of the 1800s, Koreans formed a majority of the population living in Gando, and when the Qing opened up Manchuria to Han Chinese migration in the 1870s and Gando in 1881, the large number of Korean already living there raised a boundary dispute issue that had been negotiated in 1712. An ambiguity in the characters used, was subject to some speculation, which was deftly used by the Koreans living in Gando to claim that they were still on Korean soil.
While punishments for cross-border movement into northeast China by Han Chinese and Koreans by their respective governments (the Qing and Joseon) were on the books and Koreans apprehended in Gando were repatriated to Korea by Qing authorities, it is evident that these regulations did not deter people fleeing poor conditions, and they were able to make the claim in an attempt to escape relocation and punishment. The ambiguity in the original 1712 treaty gradually became official Joseon policy, but the issue itself did not come to a head until this time, when the Joseon Dynasty itself was in much turmoil and in no position to re-negotiate the boundary.
By the early 20th century, with increasing Japanese intervention in Korea, more Koreans fled to Gando, where they were sometimes welcomed by local Qing authorities, as a source of labor and agricultural skill. Additionally, as a result of this consolidation of Japanese control over Korea (which would culminate with the Japan–Korea Treaty of 1910, with which Japan annexed Korea and began the Japanese occupation of Korea that ended in 1945), Korea was not able to renegotiate the renewed boundary issues with the Qing, which was having its own problems with Japanese and Western imperialism.
By 1905, the Korean Empire was effectively a Japanese protectorate (see Eulsa Treaty). As a result of the Russo-Japanese War, which ended in the same year, Korea was fully surrounded and occupied by Japanese troops. The negotiations to end the war resulted in the Portsmouth Treaty, which stated, "Japan possesses in Korea paramount political, military, and economical [sic] interests" and with the Russian concessions to Japan effectively ensured a Japanese sphere of influence in northeast Asia.
In 1907, Japanese forces infiltrated the rather porous border between Korea and China, but a few months later, the Japanese called the border issue "unsettled" because the majority of the population there was still ethnically Korean; as effective overlords of Korea, they claimed that Japan's jurisdiction over Korean subjects should extend into Gando, and invaded Gando in force in August 1907, which resulted in the Qing administration of China issuing a 13-point refutation asserting its claim to Jiandao.
As the Korean boundary dispute with China and the large population of ethnic Koreans in Gando was no secret to anyone in Northeast Asia, it is likely that the Japanese proposed the Gando Convention as a potential threat to continue pressing to claim Gando for Korea as a part of the Japanese Empire if the concessions by China to Japan listed in the Convention were not granted.
Treaties and agreements, while often lopsided in that era (see unequal treaties), often at least nominally included concessions for all parties signing such agreements. Japan agreed to recognize Gando as Chinese territory and to withdraw its forces from there back into Korea within two months of the date of the agreement. In return, China conceded exclusive railroad rights in Manchuria to Japan, among other things. The convention also contained provisions for the protection and rights of ethnic Koreans under Chinese rule.
The Korean claim is partly based on what is perceived (on the Korean side) to be an ambiguity in the 1712 boundary agreement between the Qing Dynasty (which ruled China at the time) and the Joseon Dynasty (which ruled Korea at the time); that actually did not become an issue again until about 150 years after the agreement was approved by both parties, when Manchuria and Gando was opened to Han Chinese migration by the Qing.
The other major part of the claim relies on the fact that by the time the Gando Convention was signed in 1909, the Korean Empire was not consulted and had no way of disputing the legitimacy of the treaty, as it was already a protectorate of the Japanese Empire and was essentially prevented from resolving or renegotiating the boundary dispute as an independent state.
The Gando Convention, like other unequal treaties (such as the Eulsa Treaty and the Japan–Korea Treaty of 1910) dealing with Korean territory/governance or claims made by Imperial Japan, should thus be revoked and the boundary dispute rectified between Korea (though there is no stated consensus on which of the two current Koreas should be party to this) and the People's Republic of China (though the Republic of China, as the nationalist successor to the Qing Dynasty, may be a more legitimate party to this on the Chinese side as it still claims all of the territory held while the Qing Dynasty still ruled China as a sovereign state).
When the Japanese occupation of Korea ended in August 1945, the Soviet administration in the north of Korea and the American administration in the south of Korea hampered any unified Korean claim to Gando, and after the Korean War and the geopolitical situation it created, no serious Korean claim to Gando was made by either North or South Korea. In 1963, North Korea signed a boundary treaty with the People's Republic of China, which settled the boundary between the two at the Yalu/Amnok (Chinese/Korean names) and Tumen Rivers; this agreement primarily stipulated that three-fifths of Heaven Lake at the peak of Mt. Baekdu would go to North Korea, and two-fifths to China.
However, the boundary between North Korea and the People's Republic of China is still contested, in spite of the 1963 agreement. In response to North Korea's perceived lack of support in the Sino-Soviet split, China demanded that North Korea cede its portion of the peak of Mt. Baekdu to China, and between March 1968 and March 1969, a number of border clashes between North Korean forces and Chinese forces took place in the Mt. Baekdu region. Chinese demands for the rest of Mt. Baekdu were eventually dropped in 1970 in order to repair relations between North Korea and China. China has recognized North Korea's sovereignty over some 80% of the islands in the Yalu/Amnok and Tumen Rivers, and also accepted North Korea's control of some 90% of the mouth of the Yalu/Amnok River. While not openly discussed anymore, it would appear that the 1963 agreement is only something of a framework and not exactly a binding contract for either North Korea or China.
South Korea later recognized these agreements as delineating the Korean-Chinese boundary as well. Today, none of the governments involved (North Korea, South Korea, Japan, or China) officially support the claim that Gando is Korean territory or should be reinstated to either Korean state.
For years, the South Korean government avoided making any official statement regarding the Gando Convention. However, in 2004, the South Korean government issued the following statement: "Our government takes the position that the 1909 Gando Convention, signed by Japan illegally without Korea's consent, is null and void, to the extent that the Eulsa Treaty, which deprived Korea of its diplomatic rights in 1905, is a null-and-void treaty obtained through duress." On October 22, 2004, South Korean foreign affairs minister Ban Ki-moon also remarked on the voiding of the Gando Convention.
^ Schmid, pg. 227. "Their position centered on an interpretation of the stele erected by Mukedeng more than two centuries earlier. The farmers contended that they had never crossed any boundary and were in fact within Choson territory. Their argument skillfully played off the ambiguity surrounding the character engraved on the stele to represent the first syllable in the name of the Tumen River. They argued that Qing officials had failed to distinguish between two different rivers, both called something like Tumen but written with a different character signifying the first syllable. One, the character on the stele, indicated earth; the second, a character not on the stele, signified what today is considered the tu for Tumen River, meaning diagram. The river behind which the Qing officials demanded the farmers withdraw was the latter. As argued by the farmers, though the pronunciation was nearly identical, the different characters signified two distinct rivers. The first Tumen River delineated the northernmost extreme of Choson jurisdiction, while a second Tumen River flowed within Choson territory. Qing authorities mistakenly believed the two rivers were one and the same, the petition suggested, only because Chinese settlers had falsely accused the Korean farmers of crossing the border. In fact their homes were between the two rivers, meaning that they lived inside Choson boundaries. The way to substantiate their claims, they urged, was to conduct a survey of the Mt. Paektu stele, for in their opinion the stele alone could determine the boundary."
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Artículos con la etiqueta "Randy Travis"
Randy Travis performs "This Is Me"
"This Is Me" is a song written by Tom Shapiro and Thom McHugh, and recorded by American country music artist Randy Travis. It was released in October 1994 as the third single and title track from his album, This Is Me. The song reached number 5 on the Billboard Hot Country Singles & Tracks chart in December 1994. "This Is Me" debuted at number 49 on the U.S. Billboard Hot Country Singles & Tracks for the week of October 22, 1994.
Randy Travis performs "The Hole"
"The Hole" is a song written by Skip Ewing and James Dean Hicks, and recorded by American country music singer Randy Travis. It was released in June 1998 as the second single from his album You and You Alone. It peaked at number 9 on the Hot Country Singles & Tracks (now Hot Country Songs) chart, and number 4 in Canada.
Randy Travis performs "Storms of Life"
Randy Travis performs "Diggin' Up Bones" on Hee Haw 1986.
Randy Travis performs "He Walked On Water"Official Video.
"He Walked on Water" is a song written by Allen Shamblin, and recorded by American country music singer Randy Travis. It was released in April 1990 as the third single from the album No Holdin' Back. The song peaked at number 2 on the Billboard Hot Country Singles & Tracks (now Hot Country Songs) chart, and number 1 on Canada's RPM country chart.
Randy Travis performs "Point Of Light"Live Video.
"Point of Light" is a song written by Don Schlitz and Thom Schuyler, and recorded by American country music artist Randy Travis. It was released in May 1991 as the lead-off single from his album High Lonesome. It was his twenty-first single overall. It charted at #3 on the Billboard Hot Country Singles & Tracks and hit #1 on the Canadian RPM country Tracks chart.
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Is the person you are taking care of a man or a woman?
I am asking you, because your answer is important for the recommendation, which model of cool bag fits best to your situation.
Do you need the cool bag also for outdoor activities, such as sports or weekend trips or for travel?
Woman: Do you need the cool bag also for outdoor activities, such as sports or weekend trips or for travel?
This answer is especially important when you use the cool bag not only for fetching the medicine from the pharmacy but when you also want to use the cool bag sometimes for travel.
On the next page, you'll find a short personalized video with a detailed explanation of this COOL*SAFE model, that we recommend to you and you get access to the price.
Enter your email below and we'll see each other again on the next page. :-) Additionally, we'll send you the video link and the descriptions of the cool bag to your email so you can watch it at any time, along with your free essential guide "Safe Medicine Cooling" which contains most important safe cooling tips for medicines and answers to frequently asked questions.
On the next page, you'll find a short personalized video with a detailed explanation of these COOL*SAFE models, that we recommend to you and you get access to the prices.
Based on your answers, we recommend 4 COOL*SAFE models, that fit best for you.
On the next page, you'll find a short personalized video with a detailed explanation of these COOL*SAFE models, that we recommend for your and you get access to the prices.
Woman: Based on your answers, we recommend 2 COOL*SAFE models, that fit best for you.
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Discuss the different ways that an organization can manage their talent with the 4A Talent Management Model. The 4A Talent Management Model is a single slide that has icons, colors and text that can be completely altered at will. On the slide are four different sections for you to fill out. These include Aspire, Articulate, Act and Accomplish. Each one of these sections can be talked about with bullet points in order for you to elaborate upon each point in your meeting and make the steps clear that need to be taken within each section.
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The reality is that thanks to a convergence of increasing compute power, big data and algorithmic advances, AI is becoming mainstream and finding practical applications in nearly every facet of our personal lives. Facebook identifies which friends to tag in photos, algorithms are improving medical diagnosis and saving lives, and GPS-based apps are predicting traffic patterns to optimize driving routes. The AI revolution is also taking hold in our business lives. Salesforce, for example, is democratizing AI for CRM with Einstein by giving employees across sales, service, marketing and commerce the power of machine learning. In particular we focus on learning with structured data, deep learning, natural language processing and computer vision to help our customers unlock new levels of productivity and deliver more impact to their business.
As an AI researcher, this is an incredibly exciting time for me. I believe AI technology has the potential to positively benefit society. But as it continues to advance and exert broader impact, it is important that AI evolves with trust, transparency and equality in mind. That's why I'm excited to announce that Salesforce is joining the Partnership on AI to Benefit Society and People.
The Partnership on AI is a nonprofit formed to develop and share best practices on the development, testing and fielding of AI. The organization focuses on issues such as transparency, security and privacy, values and ethics and provides an open and inclusive platform for discussion and engagement. Its goal is to advance public understanding and awareness of AI, foster aspirational efforts and identify ways to apply AI for socially beneficial purposes.
Salesforce aims to change the way people do business, and with that, improve the state of the world. Trust, equality, innovation and growth are a central part of everything we do and we are committed to extending these values to AI by joining the Partnership's diverse group of companies, institutions and nonprofits who are also committed to collaboration and open dialogue on the many opportunities and rising challenges around AI.
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What is the Initiative for Open Citations (I4OC), and why is it important?
For the discovery, dissemination, and evaluation of all scholarly knowledge to be possible, it is essential to have unrestricted access to bibliographic and citation data in machine-readable form.
In a previous RealKM Magazine article, I listed the range of “open” initiatives that are aiming to encourage and facilitate open access to information and knowledge. They include open access, open data, open innovation, and open educational resources.
A new addition to this list is the Initiative for Open Citations (I4OC).
A citation is a reference to or quotation from a paper, book, or author, especially in academic publishing. Citations allow authors to attribute and credit scientific contributions, which assists in the discovery and dissemination of academic knowledge. This is why we reference all of the academic sources that are used in our RealKM Magazine articles (and you can see examples of this referencing in the following sentences of this paragraph). Citations also enable the evaluation of research and its impacts. For example, I recently reported on a study1 that used the Citespace2 application for co-citation analysis as part of an evaluation of knowledge management (KM) as an academic discipline.
For the discovery, dissemination, and evaluation of all scholarly knowledge to be possible, it is essential to have unrestricted access to bibliographic and citation data in machine-readable form. In recognition of this, I4OC was launched in April 2017 with the purpose of promoting the release of structured, separable, and open citation data.
Open means that citation data must be freely accessible and reusable without restrictions, for example by publication under the CC0 1.0 Universal waiver/license.
Before I4OC started, publishers releasing open citations accounted for just 1% of the citation metadata that Crossref collected annually. Crossref is a not-for-profit membership organization that works to make research outputs easy to find, cite, link, and assess.
Header image source: Citation-needed-vertical on Wikimedia Commons is in the Public Domain.
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Back in September, 2010, Michele Bartoli signed an agreement with Prestigio (translates to Prestige) to create a line of Bartoli bicycles. The first result of this collaboration is the new Bartoli "Altair".
Of the Altair project Bartoli explains, "As a rider I was always meticulous, very attentive to detail. So, when Prestigio CEO Di Marco proposed this project I immediately realized that it could be an interesting path for me to take. In collaboration with the Prestigio engineers we have developed a really nice frame, I am particularly proud."
"I consider it a bit unique in cycling", said the former champion from Pisa. "It is a frame 100% made in Italy, using T-1000 carbon tubes finished with the technical details that allow for maximum stiffness, great stability and absolute reactivity in every riding situation. The name Altair was chosen because the meaning in Arabic is 'the flying eagle', and also because it is the name of the brightest star in the constellation Aquila."
This article is in two parts: 1) the UCI announcement of the launch of the "UCI World Cycling Tour" (UWCT), and 2) the announcement by the Gran Fondo New York indicating that the event is a qualifier for the UWCT final to be held in Belgium.
A new cycling tour for amateur riders that will ultimately crown age group World Champions is being launched by the UCI in 2011.
The UCI World Cycling Tour (UWCT) is a series of UCI-sanctioned races that will be held all over the world. The UWCT will comprise a maximum of 15 qualifier events, leading to the UWCT Final, the former UCI Masters Road World Championships. The top 10% in each age group of the qualifier events will automatically have the right to compete in the UWCT Final and race for the coveted UCI rainbow jersey.
The UCI’s Cycling for All, Masters and Sustainable Development Coordinator, Ms Andrea Marcellini Mendonça, explains the importance of this amateur tour: “If we look at cycling as a pyramid, professional racing is at the very top and occupies a very small portion. Everything that comes below this is the amateur side of the sport and involves impressive numbers of riders. These enthusiasts are part of the UCI family and it’s time for them to race for a World Champion title”.
Another aim of this new initiative is to contribute to the international promotion of the UCI’s “Cycling for All” events. All races on the UWCT calendar must meet strict organisational and sporting criteria, and provide a certain touristic interest.
In order to host the qualifier events of the UWCT, the UCI is currently receiving applications from regions willing to organise a high standard cycling event that will attract riders from all over the world.
Gran Fondo New York is excited to be a qualifying race of the UCI World Cycling Tour (UWCT) for the 2011 UCI Amateur Cycling World Championship. UWCT is rewriting the history of amateur cycling. Athletes of all ages will gather at events across the globe to chase the dream of competing at the World Championship. As one of six qualifying events in 2011, Gran Fondo New York sends the top 10% of each Age Group to Belgium where the World Championship finale will take place on the famed roads of of the Belgian classic Liège-Bastogne-Liège.
At Gran Fondo New York, the competition consists of four challenging climbs that will be timed and count towards UCI Amateur World Championship qualification. The four timed climbs are added together to determine a total time and the overall ranking. The top 10% of each Age Group will qualify for the 2011 UWCT World Championship in Belgium. Furthermore, the introduction of a Challenger Category gives an opportunity to showcase young talent in the ranks to become professional cyclists of the future.
The World Championship final will be a city to city race in Belgium in early September. The race will start with a loop of 100 km (60 miles) over the monuments of Liège-Bastogne-Liège with Cote de Stoumont, Cote de Wanne, Cote de la Haute Levée, Cote du Rosier, Cote de la Vecquee, Cote de Macquisard and finally Cote de la Redoute. After the initial course, riders will do five local laps in Remouchamps-Aywaille. Each loop will include a steep 1 kilometer climb per lap (14k).
The world's cyclists are getting excited about Gran Fondo New York. The event is drawing a strong local, national and very international field with athletes representing 31 countries. Lidia Fluhme, the race organizer, points out: "The competition for World Championship qualification and the great awards prizes will be fierce at Gran Fondo New York. We joined the UCI World Cycling Tour series because we strongly believe in the future of amateur racing. Triathlon and running have shown the importance of including amateurs in key events to ensure sustainability and growth."
Prizes at GFNY are valued at more than $100,000. Winners of all categories will receive special winners' jerseys by Giordana. Podium finishers of all categories win fantastic prizes from event sponsors. The King and Queen of Mountain will ride home on their new PINARELLO road bikes. Other prizes include MAVIC racing wheels, DIADORA shoes, LIMAR helmets and shades, SELLE SAN MARCO saddles and much, much more. Additionally, raffle prizes will be distributed throughout the awards ceremony.
I have not yet heard of which other events have applied for UWCT status. Any information welcome. The concept of the UCI's involvement in gran fondo/sportive type events is interesting.
The Marche region is located in the central area of the country, bordering Emilia-Romagna and the Republic of San Marino to the north, Tuscany to the north-west, Umbria to the west, Abruzzo and Lazio to the south and the Adriatic Sea to the east. Some of the most enjoyable, and beautiful, riding I've done in Italy has be in Marche.
"The goal is to move cyclists towards finding the true love of cycling that is above all a challenge to oneself, and not the exaggerated competition we are witnessing today.
The Gran Fondo event, over time, has increasingly taken on an elitist dimension. Increasingly, attention has been given to the order of arrival and the riders (always the same) who are fighting to win. For real amateurs a victory is more and more unattainable. They are relegated to a mere outline of the event story, a number to be shown in the final report.
The Marche in Bici circuit hopes to rediscover the adventurous spirit that animated the first gran fondo events when the challenge for those that rode was, first, with oneself. It is in this spirit that Marche in Bici has decided to revolutionize the concept of ranking in a Gran Fondo by designing a new ranking system that in a few years will prevail on the order of arrival: the "Performance Personale". A classification designed to reward the rider who will be more improved than the previous year. The winner will be decided based on who was stronger against himself.
Theerfore, in the future there will be two classifications in each of the medio (medium) and lungo (long) results. The "Performance Personale" victors will receive the same prominence as those in the order of arrival classification.
The idea is to give prominence to the human spirit, to the challenge that every cyclist undertakes against himself."
Note: my translation of the organizer's announcement was not word for word but it does capture the sentiment of the goal that is trying to be achieved. These changes, and those of the La Pinarello (see Direction Change for Granfondo Events?), reflect a growing sense that gran fondo events have steered too far from their origins.
For the first time a field limit will be implemented at L'Eroica this year. The possibility of this was aired in November when the organizer stated, "This event has now reached the perfect size, therefore the number of participants ideally should not exceed that of 2010. This seems to us to be the best way to guarantee the top quality service that we want to ensure into the future. We intend to use our website to offer both Italians and foreigners the opportunity to register their participation but we will certainly provide the same opportunity to those who are not computer literate."
In 2010 there were 3,480 riders with slightly more than 20% coming from outside of Italy and representing five continents.
For 2011 the field limit has been defined as permitting 2,200 Italians and 500 from other nations between the ages of 15 and 60 years old. Participants born before December 31, 1951 (over 60 years old), whether Italian or foreigners, are exempt from these field limit numbers but must formally register through the various means the organizer provides.
Also, riders over 65 will be permitted to ride only the 38, 75 and 135 km courses; that is, they will not be permitted to ride the longest course of 205 km.
Stage IV for Javier's primarily off-road journey is a two day stage taking place in the Brenta Group and the Val di Sole. Javier begins in Don and finishes at the Refugio Lago Corvo.
The Brenta Group (Dolomiti di Brenta in Italian) is a Dolomite mountain range located in the province of Trento. The Brenta Group is the only dolomitic group west of Adige River. It is separated from the Ortler Alps in the north by the Noce valley; from the Adamello-Presanella group in the west by the Campo Carlo Magno Pass and the river Sarca; from the Fiemme Alps in the east by the Adige valley.
Like the Brenta Group, The Val di Sole (or Valle di Sole) is located in the province of Trento. The valley name of Val di Sole applies to the Val Vermiglio, the east-west aligned valley of the river Noce and its side valleys, among which the Val di Peio that heads to the Ortler. The rest of the valley from Ossana to Mostizzolo is simpy called Val di Sole. Some of the towns in the valley are Vermiglio, Peio, Dimaro, Croviana and Malè (the main town).
Of the second day, "A hard but tranquil day, especially after yesterday. A long descent by trail to Dimaro was great fun. Then, the descent continued by road to Male all of which made the stage easier. The main difficulties we would find at the end of the long climb to the Refugio Lago Corvo. After a few Kms of road and trail riding the last part of the trail brought renewed walking and pushing of my bike for 2.2 km, much shorter and easier than the Passo del Grosté from yesterday."
RATIO is a small Italian component design company that was begun by Pancrazio Centola who previously worked for 3T and Deda. New to the product line is fleece handlebar tape. Will it keep your hands warmer? They do claim that it is very, very good at isolating vibrations.
Columbus has re-introduced Max and Minimax tubesets using modern metallurgy.
By the way, I also have a small blog, named "Columbus MAX Bikes", where I have been collecting photos of Max, MXL (Max for Eddy Merckx), and Minimax bikes . Why? Because they are great steel bikes and the ovalized tubes make it interesting.
This story courtesy of CINELLI (Gruppo S.r.l.).
In 1992 the Cinelli Hyperion appeared in the Cinelli catalog. This was to be the Laser of the future. The Cinelli Hyperion was a sophisticated experiment in the development of the use of sheets of 3-2.5 titanium grade that would be molded around the tubeset joints and then welded. The goal was to reach a level of rigidity that could compete with steel with a weight saving that would not be insignificant. These methods led to the development of the legendary Cinelli Grammo stem (110g in 1992!).
"When Cinelli introduces a new material or a new construction technique the product is reviewed and redesigned to take advantage of the new possibilities offered, and in complete freedom. Thus, the Laser has an image of a very special bicycle, 'rationalized' for performance while at the same time being faithful to the fundamental lines of the frame but but re-proposed in a more clear and focused form."
It's probably best that I don't comment about how this all came about....perhaps, it's best to just say it was inescapable.
Photos courtesy of Road Bike Action magazine that is running a series on the new pro bikes for the 2011 season.
Guest contributor John, from the U.S., writes in with his story about a part of his trip with Eros Poli, the first Italian to win a Mont Ventoux stage in the Tour de France.
"My wife Eileen thought I was out of my mind, signing up for a cycling trip to the French Alps and Italy at the same time my son and his wife were going to have their second baby. We were all hoping for a little girl, since the first 4 grandchildren were boys. I assured her that cell phones work in France and Italy, just as well as they do in America.
So with the assurance that I would keep my cell phone with me at all times and not ride off a mountain top somewhere, she gave me her blessing to embark on a trip that I will vividly remember the rest of my life. It was, literally, one long series of “Oh my God” moments from the time we arrived in Geneva and met our guide Eros Poli and his assistant Ivan, to the last day in Verona, Italy having dinner with Eileen, trip mate Brent, Eros and Ivan on the balcony of Eros’ apartment. This story is about day 3 of that epic trip to some of the most famous mountain routes of the Tour de France, including the Col du Telegraph and the Col du Galibier.
Day three, Monday, was a rest day for the 2010 Tour de France. We left our hotel in Evian les Bain on Lake Geneva, and drove in our van to Morzine, the scene of the previous day’s mountain top stage that ended in nearby Avoriaz. We spent the morning walking amongst the team equipment trucks and team buses, taking pictures and enjoying the proximity to the riders and their very exotic and expensive equipment.
We then drove several hours to St. Jean du Mauriene, France to begin our ride for the day up Col du Telegraph and Col du Galibier. Since we were starting in the late afternoon, and my son’s wife was scheduled for a C-section delivery at about 10:30 AM in New Jersey, I figured we would hear something by way of a text message sometime after 4:30 PM in France.
We left St. Jean du Mauriene at about 4:00 PM. The first few km’s were relatively flat and wind through the village streets, cross a bridge and quickly start the long, steady (about 7 or 8%) grade up the Col du Telegraph. From the village to the Col, is about 12 km’s. Each kilometer is marked by distinctive yellow markers counting down the distance to the top of the climb. I had my Blackberry in my jersey pocket with the ring tone set to a very distinctive “ding dong, ding dong” whenever a text message is received.
Trip mates Brent and Diana were stronger and had gone ahead up the mountain. Joe, Kimberly, and I were bringing up the rear along with Eros on his bike and Ivan driving our van. Part way up the mountain, we could look back on St. Jean du Mauriene and watch the afternoon thunder showers in the valley below. It was a hot day and a shower would have been welcome, but we stayed clear of the showers.
At almost precisely 4:45 PM at about the 5 km marker, my Blackberry rang its distinctive alarm that meant I had received a text message. Kimberly, riding close behind me, heard the alarm as well. I wanted desperately to stop and check the message, knowing it could be only one thing. Along this stretch of road there was very little shoulder with a stone wall next to the road which gave me little room by the roadside to stop.
After perhaps a couple hundred meters looking for some room I gave up trying and stopped. By the time Kimberly and Eros arrived I had managed to extract the phone, hit the right button (hands were shaking) and was able to make out a message (didn’t have my reading glasses) from my son in the delivery room that baby girl Amina had been born at 10:40 AM. Mom and baby were doing fine. Everyone had expected a boy, so this little girl was a totally unexpected surprise. The three of us stood there by the side of the road, my hands shaking and in tears, trying to respond to the message. Eros chronicled the event on his camera with pictures of the cell phone and my trying to respond without my glasses and shaking from the excitement of the moment.
We finally got ourselves together, made it to top of the Col du Telegraph, took some pictures and headed down a short descent to the ski station of Valloire. From the center of the village of Valloire to the top of the Col du Galibier is about 19 kms at 7% – 9%. It is a stunningly beautiful route amongst the tall peaks of the Alps. In mid July, snow remains in the high peaks and shaded spots along the route. The sun was low in the sky giving an even more beautiful caste to the mountains and clouds.
After about 2 ½ hours of steady climbing we arrived at the top of the Col du Galibier. Our van was waiting for us, the sun was setting behind the mountains and it was getting quite a bit cooler as the day wound down for us. I literally felt like I was on top of the world. A little girl, born that afternoon in New Jersey, had given me a push up that mountain unlike any experience of my life.
We took our pictures, got in the van and watched as Eros got on his bike and headed down the backside of Galibier with us trailing behind. We quickly fell back as Eros reverted back to his professional cycling days with a descent that had all of us holding our breath. The high mountain roads have no shoulders and no guardrails, so any mistake or misjudgment would have sent him into the abyss. He was in his element and truly enjoyed the ride down the mountain. We arrived at our hotel in the ski station of Monetier, and were met by Eros’ good friend and hotel owner Colette on the evening before Bastille Day.
That night, we celebrated an amazing day in the mountains and the birth of my fifth grandchild with Prosecco wine and dinner followed by Colette’s special meringue, whipped cream, fruit and ice cream desert. A dinner with Eros invariably ends with Espresso and Limoncello. It was 11:00 PM as we finished. At midnight, while Bastille Day fireworks went off outside, we finally were able to connect, via Skype, back to the US for a quick view of baby Amina and her proud 3 year old brother. Altogether, a memorable day of cycling and celebrating that I will cherish forever. Thanks to Eros, Ivan, Collette and the rest of our group for a trip and a day of a lifetime."
My thanks to Albabici for sending in a box full of prizes for the in progress reader contribution contest. The items include LIMAR sunglasses, SCI'CON saddlebags, and Team Liquigas and Francaise Des Jeux skull caps (for summer).
About the reader contribution contest: Write a story about your cycling trip, or an aspect of your trip, in Italy. Or, it can be about a granfondo experience, a special encounter, your favorite ride, etc. The period for story submissions ends February 15, 2011. Share your story. Photos accompanying the story are most welcome. Prizes will be awarded on a random basis, stories will not be judged on which is the "best" one. Nevertheless, it should be a good story for the enjoyment of all readers. If you have any questions email me at [email protected]. See photos of prizes here.
The choice of the Criterium racer. Fabricated with oversized Columbus XCR stainless tubing, this bicycle is made for diving fearlessly into corners.
Cinelli has been a leader in bicycle design since 1948. Sitting only 10 miles outside of Milan, it stands to reason that design and art also influence Cinelli products. Cinelli is a brand where competition, history, passion and performance have long melded to bring beauty to the sport of cycling.
In an adjacent factory, Columbus Steel is a close compatriot to Cinelli. Columbus began making bicycle tubing in 1919 and has a decorated heritage of powering the likes of Coppi, Merckx, Pantani, Armstrong and countless others.
For this collaboration, the seamless Columbus XCR stainless steel tube-sets are literally passing across the factory floor to Cinelli to make the Rapha Criterium Racer. With geometry specified by generations of building for the strongest, fastest and most fearless in the sport, this frame and fork are intended for the aggressive racer. The Columbus XCR tube material exceeds anything in the market for technological quality and has a higher stiffness to weight ratio than titanium or aluminium, delivering great feel and total confidence at high speeds. Painted Pearl White, except for a polished reveal of the beautiful stainless, and with pink, black and grey race bands, the Criterium Racer marries tradition and performance.
The Rapha & Cinelli XCR is limited to only 30 frames/fork per year because of the scarcity of the material. Delivery of your frame/fork is estimated for 4-months from time of order. Cinelli will take orders direct, go to www.cinelli.it to buy your XCR Criterium Racer.
Price: Frame/fork starting @ €3,500 + shipping; please note: Prices do not include import tax and duty which will vary by country.
In stage III of his journey Javier passes through the wonderous Dolomites over four days beginning in Casera Melin and finishing in Don, southwest of Bolzano. His route takes him through major parks: Parco Nazionale delle Dolomiti Bellunesi, Naturpark Fanes-Sennes-Prags, Parco Naturale Regionale delle Dolomiti d'Ampezzo,and Parco Naturale Provinciale dell' Adamello-Brenta.
The name "Dolomites" is derived from the famous French mineralogist Déodat Gratet de Dolomieu who was the first to describe the rock, dolomite, a type of carbonate rock which is responsible for the characteristic shapes and color of these mountains; previously they were called the "pale mountains," and it was only in the early 19th century that the name was Gallicized.
On the 3rd day of this stage (9th day of trip) Javier encounters riders participating in "Sella Ronda Bike Day", a day every year when the roads around the Sella Ronda are closed to traffic and open to cyclists. See information about Sella Ronda Bike Day here.
Of these days in the Dolomites Javier writes, "A must for any fan of mountain biking if you want to know the Dolomites."
The ASO (Amaury Sport Organization) has announced, rather early, the 22 teams for the 2011 Tour de France that will begin on July 2nd. Eighteen of the teams are "ProTeam" squads which according to UCI rules must be invited. The four remaining wild card slots were given to French teams.
Italian team Geox-TMC must be deflated. They had a small glimmer of hope for an invitation. That will leave Carlos Sastre, winner of the TdF in 2008, and Denis Menchov who finished 3rd last year, out of the race.
In mid-December Michele Scarponi, now with Lampre-ISD, started his 2011 Giro d'Italia preparations with a reconnaissance of the 9th stage from Messina to Etna, concluding with a finish at the top of the volcano.
paid close attention to the two climbs that will characterize the course: the Mottarone and the final climb to Macugnaga.
Scarponi's observations after the reconnaissance, "First of all, it's necessary to consider that the stage will be scheduled in the final part of Giro d'Italia when all the riders will be low on energy and the top classification riders will be willing to try their last chances for the pink jersey. I think that it will be a tough stage, it will be important to manage one energies in order to cover in the best way the 3000 meters of difference in altitude. Mottarone is a climb for pure climbers and the Macugnaga one is very long, more or less 28 km, and complicated because it requires many changes of pace."
The race will be 190 km in length, beginning Gaiole in Chianti and finishing at the Piazza del Campo in Siena. The route will have 8 sections of "white roads" totaling 57 km of the 190 km route; the longest white road section is 13.5km. The "Strade Bianchi" road race was created by RCS Sports in 2007 to establish a one day "classic" type of pro race in Italy in the early season.
"Hand made from Nappa leather with a snug cotton fleece lining, classically styled, and beautiful to the touch. Featuring slim palm padding and side zip opening with leather puller, providing excellent comfort and control. The contrasting red leather detailing perfectly complements the black leather to produce a stylish and practical glove that can be comfortably used both on and off the bike.
A must for the serious cyclist.
Available now - £120/ $160"
Additional photos, and order information, here.
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0.94394 |
Provided are a spot size converter and a method of manufacturing the spot size converter. The method includes stacking a lower clad layer, a core layer, and a first upper clad layer on a substrate, tapering the first upper clad layer and the core layer in a first direction on a side of the substrate, forming a waveguide layer on the first upper clad layer and the lower clad layer, and etching the waveguide layer, the first upper clad layer, the core layer, and the lower clad layer such that the waveguide layer is wider than a tapered portion of the core layer on the side of the substrate and has the same width as that of the core layer on another side of the substrate.
6631225 Mode coupler between low index difference waveguide and high index difference waveguide 2003-10-07 Lee et al.
H. Bissessur, et al., “Ridge laser with spot-size converter in single epitaxial step for High Coupling Efficiency to Single-Mode Fibers”, IEEE Photonics Technology Letters, vol. 10, No. 9, pp. 1235-1237, Sep. 1998.
Marko Galarza et al., “A New spot-size converter concept using fiber matched antiresonnat reflecting optical waveguides”, Journal of Lightwave Technology, vol. 21, No. 1, pp. 269-274, Jan. 2003.
Vinod M. Menon, et al., “Photonic integration using asymmetric twin-waveguide (ATG) technology”, IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics, vol. 11, No. 1, pp. 30-42, Jan./Feb. 2005.
Oh Kee Kwon, et al., “Operational properties of ridge waveguide lasers with laterally tapered waveguides for Monolithic Integration”, ETRI Journal, vol. 29, No. 6, pp. 811-813, Dec. 2007.
M. Kohtoku, et al., “Spot size converters integrated with deep ridge waveguide structure”, Electronics Letters vol. 34, No. 25, pp. 2403-2404, Dec. 1998.
1. A method of manufacturing a spot size converter, comprising: stacking a lower clad layer, a core layer, and a first upper clad layer on a substrate; tapering the first upper clad layer and the core layer in a first direction on a side of the substrate; forming a waveguide layer on the first upper clad layer and the lower clad layer; and etching the waveguide layer, the first upper clad layer, the core layer, and the lower clad layer such that the waveguide layer is wider than a tapered portion of the core layer on the side of the substrate and has the same width as that of the core layer on another side of the substrate.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the waveguide layer is tapered on the first side of the substrate in a second direction opposite to the first direction.
3. The method of claim 1, further comprising forming a buffer layer on the lower clad layer after the core layer and the first upper clad layer are formed, wherein the buffer layer is formed of the same material as that of the first upper clad layer.
4. The method of claim 3, further comprising forming an etch stop layer on the buffer layer and the first upper clad layer.
5. The method of claim 1, further comprising forming a second upper clad layer on the waveguide layer.
6. The method of claim 1, further comprising forming a planarization layer on side walls of the waveguide layer, the first upper clad layer, the core layer, and the lower clad layer.
7. A spot size converter comprising: a substrate; a first waveguide comprising a core layer that is tapered in a first direction on a first side of the substrate, the core layer being extended with a uniform width on a second side of the substrate, the first waveguide further comprising a lower clad layer disposed under the core layer; and a second waveguide comprising a waveguide layer that covers the first waveguide on the first side of the substrate, the waveguide layer being tapered and extended in a second direction opposite to the first direction, the waveguide layer having the same width of that of the core layer on the second side of the substrate, wherein a side wall of the waveguide layer on the first side of the substrate is flush with a side wall of the lower clad layer on the first side of the substrate.
8. The spot size converter of claim 7, wherein the first waveguide further comprises a first upper clad layer disposed over the core layer.
9. The spot size converter of claim 8, further comprising a buffer layer disposed on the lower clad layer and side walls of the first upper clad layer and the core layer, at the first side of the substrate.
10. The spot size converter of claim 9, further comprising an etch stop layer disposed on the buffer layer and the first upper clad layer.
11. The spot size converter of claim 7, wherein the second waveguide further comprises a second upper clad layer disposed on the waveguide layer.
12. The spot size converter of claim 7, wherein the waveguide layer, on the first side of the substrate, has a width same as that of the lower clad layer and greater than that of the core layer.
13. The spot size converter of claim 12, further comprising a planarization layer covering the side walls of the waveguide layer and the lower clad layer on the first side of the substrate.
This U.S. non-provisional patent application claims priority under 35 U.S.C. §119 of Korean Patent Application No. 10-2012-0035014, filed on Apr. 4, 2012, the entire contents of which are hereby incorporated by reference.
The present invention disclosed herein relates to an optical device and a method of manufacturing the optical device, and more particularly, to a spot size converter appropriate for monolithic integration of an optical device, and a method of manufacturing the spot size converter.
Recent semiconductor optical devices are designed and manufactured based on the concept of a ridge waveguide (RWG) in order to improve high speed operation, simplicity of fabrication, and monolithic integration. For example, active devices such as laser diodes and optical amplifiers may have a shallow RWG structure by etching only an upper clad layer except for an active region. Passive devices such as optical waveguides, modulators, and phase controllers may have a deep RWG structure by performing an etching process to under an active region. The shallow RWG structure and the deep RWG structure can be efficiently and monolithically integrated by adjusting the width of a deep ridge waveguide.
In general, a guided mode of a semiconductor optical device having a shallow ridge waveguide may have an oval shape or a hat shape. Since such a guided mode has a far-field pattern (FFP) with a vertical full-width at half maximum (FWHM) different from a horizontal FWHM, when a semiconductor optical device having the guide mode is coupled to a typical optical fiber or a specific optical fiber, optical coupling loss is increased.
Since an FFP of a typical semiconductor optical device having a deep ridge waveguide has a FWHM greater than that of an optical device including an optical fiber or a silica waveguide, when the semiconductor optical device is coupled to the optical device including an optical fiber or a silica waveguide, optical coupling loss is also increased.
Thus, optical coupling efficiency between a ridge waveguide type semiconductor optical device and a device such as an optical fiber, a silica waveguide, or a polymer waveguide can be improved by varying an FWHM of an FFP of the ridge waveguide type semiconductor optical device. To this end, a semiconductor optical device may perform a spot size conversion through mode conversion and transfer by means of a core layer of a shallow ridge waveguide type laser diode, and a waveguide separately disposed under the core layer. However, even though the width of a shallow ridge waveguide is decreased, since variation in effective refractive index of a guided mode is not large, mode conversion efficiency is not high. To address this issue, the width of a ridge waveguide and the thickness of a clad layer disposed on an active layer may be gradually decreased to decrease the effective refractive index of the active layer, or a ridge waveguide may be disposed near a different type of ridge waveguide to perform a mode conversion. However, the gradual decrease of the thickness of a clad layer, and the configuration of different types of ridge waveguides complicate manufacturing processes, thus decreasing productivity.
The present invention provides a spot size converter having a simple structure, and a method of manufacturing the spot size converter.
The present invention also provides a spot size converter capable of maximizing productivity, and a method of manufacturing the spot size converter.
Embodiments of the present invention provide methods of manufacturing a spot size converter, including: stacking a lower clad layer, a core layer, and a first upper clad layer on a substrate; tapering the first upper clad layer and the core layer in a first direction on a side of the substrate; forming a waveguide layer on the first upper clad layer and the lower clad layer; and etching the waveguide layer, the first upper clad layer, the core layer, and the lower clad layer such that the waveguide layer is wider than a tapered portion of the core layer on the side of the substrate and has the same width as that of the core layer on another side of the substrate.
In some embodiments, the waveguide layer may be tapered on the first side of the substrate in a second direction opposite to the first direction.
In other embodiments, the methods may further include forming a buffer layer on the lower clad layer after the core layer and the first upper clad layer are formed, wherein the buffer layer is formed of the same material as that of the first upper clad layer.
In still other embodiments, the methods may further include forming an etch stop layer on the buffer layer and the first upper clad layer.
In even other embodiments, the methods may further include forming a second upper clad layer on the waveguide layer.
In yet other embodiments, the methods may further include forming a planarization layer on side walls of the waveguide layer, the first upper clad layer, the core layer, and the lower clad layer.
In other embodiments of the present invention, spot size converters include: a substrate; a first waveguide including a core layer that is tapered in a first direction on a side of the substrate and that is extended with a uniform width on another side thereof; and a second waveguide including a waveguide layer that covers the first waveguide on the first side of the substrate, that is tapered and extended in a second direction opposite to the first direction, and that has the same width of that of the core layer on the second side of the substrate.
In some embodiments, the first waveguide may further include a lower clad layer disposed under the core layer, and a first upper clad layer disposed over the core layer.
In other embodiments, the spot size converters may further include a buffer layer disposed on the lower clad layer and side walls of the first upper clad layer and the core layer, at the first side of the substrate.
In still other embodiments, the spot size converters may further include an etch stop layer disposed on the buffer layer and the first upper clad layer.
In even other embodiments, the second waveguide as a passive waveguide may further include a second upper clad layer disposed on the waveguide layer.
FIGS. 12C, 13C, and 14C are cross-sectional views taken along line II-II′ of FIGS. 12A, 13A, and 14A, respectively.
Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. The present invention will be clarified through the following embodiments described with reference to the accompanying drawings. The present invention may, however, be embodied in different forms and should not be construed as limited to the embodiments set forth herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete, and will fully convey the scope of the present invention to those skilled in the art. Like reference numerals refer to like elements throughout.
In the following description, the technical terms are used only for explaining exemplary embodiments while not limiting the present invention. The terms of a singular form may include plural forms unless referred to the contrary. The meaning of ‘comprises’ and/or ‘comprising’ specifies a property, a region, a fixed number, a step, a process, an element and/or a component, but does not exclude other properties, regions, fixed numbers, steps, processes, elements and/or components. Since exemplary embodiments are provided below, the order of the reference numerals is not limited to the order of the descriptions. In the specification, it will be understood that when a layer is referred to as being ‘on’ another layer or substrate, it can be directly on the layer or substrate, or intervening layers may also be present.
FIG. 1 is a perspective view illustrating a spot size converter 100 according to an embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 2 is a plan view illustrating the spot size converter 100.
Referring to FIGS. 1 and 2, the spot size converter 100 may include: a core layer 30 tapered in a first direction; and a waveguide layer 50 covering the core layer 30 on a side of a substrate 10, and tapered in a second direction opposite to the first direction. The core layer 30 and the waveguide layer 50 may extend with the same width on another side of the substrate 10. The core layer 30 and the waveguide layer 50 may have a simple structure of a deep ridge waveguide.
Accordingly, since the spot size converter 100 has a simple structure in which a mode conversion occurs within the core layer 30, the productivity thereof can be maximized.
The substrate 10 may include GaAs or InP. A first waveguide 31 may extend with the same width as that of the substrate 10, and be parallel thereto. The first waveguide 31 may include the core layer 30, a lower clad layer 20 disposed under the core layer 30, and a first upper clad layer 40 disposed over the core layer 30. The lower clad layer 20 may include InP, AlGaAs, or InGaP. The core layer 30 may include InGaAsP, InGaAlAs, AlGaAs, GaAs, or InGaAs, which has a higher refractivity index than that of the lower clad layer 20. The first upper clad layer 40 may include InP, AlGaAs, or InGaP.
A second waveguide 51 may cover the first waveguide 31. The second waveguide 51 may include the waveguide layer 50 and a second upper clad layer 60. At the first side of the substrate 10, the waveguide layer 50 may cover upper portions of the core layer 30 and the lower clad layer 20, and side walls thereof. The waveguide layer 50 may include InP, AlGaAs, or InGaP. The second upper clad layer 60 may include a material having a refractive index that is equal to or lower than that of the waveguide layer 50, or may include InGaAs or GaAs for a laser operation.
A planarization layer 70 may cover side walls of the second waveguide 51 and the first waveguide 31. The planarization layer 70 may include a polymer such as polyimide or benzocyclobutene (BCB).
In a mode conversion region 101, the first waveguide 31 and the second waveguide 51 are tapered. In the mode conversion region 101, side walls of the first waveguide 31 and the second waveguide 51 may be embedded in the planarization layer 70. The second waveguide 51 may straightly extend at the outside of the mode conversion region 101. In this case, the planarization layer 70 may define the first and second waveguides 31 and 51 in a deep ridge waveguide region 102 and a shallow ridge waveguide region 103. In the deep ridge waveguide region 102, side walls of the first and second waveguides 31 and 51 may be embedded in the planarization layer 70. In the shallow ridge waveguide region 103, the planarization layer 70 may be disposed on the first waveguide 31, and side walls of the second waveguide 51 may be embedded in the planarization layer 70. The first waveguide 31 may support the planarization layer 70 in the shallow ridge waveguide region 103. The boundary between the deep ridge waveguide region 102 and the shallow ridge waveguide region 103 may be inclined at about 7 to 20 degrees from the first and second waveguides 31 and 51.
An optical spot size conversion may depend on the width of the core layer 30 and the width of a deep ridge thereof. The full-width at half maximum (FWHM) of a spot size may be varied according to sizes of the core layer 30 and the waveguide layer 50 on the first side of the substrate 10.
For example, the core layer 30 may have a thickness of about 0.32 μm for an output beam having an operating wavelength of about 1.3 μm. On the first side of the substrate 10, the core layer 30 may have a width of about 0.5 μm, and the waveguide layer 50 may have a width of about 10 μm. On the second side of the substrate 10, the core layer 30 and the waveguide layer 50 may have a width of about 3 μm. In this case, the core layer 30 and the waveguide layer 50 may be tapered in opposite directions within a length ranging from about 120 μm to about 250 μm.
FIG. 3A is a graph illustrating a far-field pattern (FFP) from the core layer 30 to the waveguide layer 50, calculated using a beam propagation method (BPM). FIG. 3B is a graph illustrating an FFP of an input beam incident to the core layer 30. FIG. 3C is a graph illustrating an FFP of an output beam to the waveguide layer 50.
Referring to FIGS. 3A to 3C, the spot size converter 100 can obtain an output beam having an FFP with a smaller full-width at half maximum (FWHM) than that of an input beam. For example, an FFP of an input beam may have a full-width at half maximum of about 27.3 degrees×39.1 degrees. In this case, an FFP of an output beam may have a full-width at half maximum of about 12.1 degrees×15 degrees, which is smaller than that of the input beam. The horizontal axis of FIG. 3A denotes width of the core layer 30 and the waveguide layer 50, and the vertical axis thereof denotes length of the core layer 30 and the waveguide layer 50. The horizontal axes of FIGS. 3B and 3C denote horizontal direction angle in the core layer 30 and the waveguide layer 50, and the vertical axes thereof denote vertical direction angle in the core layer 30 and the waveguide layer 50. An FFP of an output beam provided by the core layer 30 and the waveguide layer 50 is significantly superior to that of a typical deep ridge structure corresponding to 30 degrees.
Thus, the spot size converter 100 can minimize optical coupling loss.
FIG. 4 is a plan view illustrating a state that the core layer 30 is mismatched with the waveguide layer 50. FIG. 5 is a graph illustrating efficiency of output beams according to an alignment tolerance distance D when the core layer 30 has minimum widths of about 0.1 μm and about 0.2 μm.
Referring to FIGS. 4 and 5, even though the core layer 30 is mismatched with the waveguide layer 50, the efficiency of the output beams is high. For example, when the alignment tolerance distance D is about ±1 μm, an output beam provided by the core layer 30 and the waveguide layer 50 may have an efficiency of about 88%. The horizontal axis of FIG. 5 denotes the alignment tolerance distance D, and the vertical axis thereof denotes normalized efficiency of an output beam with respect to the maximum efficiency determined when the alignment tolerance distance D is zero. The alignment tolerance distance D may be defined as a distance between a first center line 32 of the core layer 30 and a second center line 52 of the waveguide layer 50. As described above, even though the core layer 30 is mismatched with the waveguide layer 50, the efficiency of an output beam is high.
Thus, the productivity of the spot size converter 100 can be maximized.
FIG. 6 is a plan view illustrating a spot size converter 100 according to another embodiment of the present invention.
Referring to FIG. 6, the spot size converter 100 according to the current embodiment may include a core layer 30 and a waveguide layer 50, which are tilted. The waveguide layer 50 may be exposed at a side of a substrate (refer to reference numeral 10 of FIG. 1). A planarization layer 70 may cover side walls of the core layer 30 and the waveguide layer 50 on another side of the substrate. The core layer 30 and the waveguide layer 50 may be tapered in opposite directions on the first side of the substrate. The core layer 30 and the waveguide layer 50 may be bent on the second side of the substrate.
Accordingly, since the spot size converter 100 according to the current embodiment has a simple structure, the productivity thereof can be maximized.
A method of manufacturing the spot size converter 100 according to the previous embodiments will now be described.
FIGS. 7A, 8A, 9A, and 10A are plan views illustrating a method of manufacturing the spot size converter 100 according to the embodiment of FIG. 1. FIGS. 7B, 8B, 9B, and 10B are cross-sectional views taken along line I-I′ of FIGS. 7A, 8A, 9A, and 10A, respectively. FIGS. 7C, 8C, 9C, and 10C are cross-sectional views taken along line II-II′ of FIGS. 7A, 8A, 9A, and 10A, respectively.
Referring to FIGS. 7A to 7C, the lower clad layer 20, the core layer 30, and the first upper clad layer 40 are formed on the substrate 10. The lower clad layer 20, the core layer 30, and the first upper clad layer 40 may include InP, InGa(Al)As(P), and InP, respectively, or AlGaAs, (In)GaAs, and AlGaAs, respectively, through a process such as metal-organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) or molecular beam epitaxy (MBE). The lower clad layer 20 and the first upper clad layer 40 may be doped with p type or n type impurities.
Referring to FIGS. 8A to 8C, the portions of the first upper clad layer 40 and the core layer 30 on the first side of the substrate 10 are tapered through patterning. The first upper clad layer 40 and the core layer 30 may be patterned through a photolithography process and an etching process. A photoresist pattern (not shown) may be formed on the first upper clad layer 40 through the photolithography process. The first upper clad layer 40 and the core layer 30 may be pattered through the etching process using the photoresist pattern as an etching mask. At this point, a portion of the lower clad layer 20 under the core layer 30 may be removed through the etching process.
After the etching process, the first upper clad layer 40 and the core layer 30 may have a width of about 0.5 μm or smaller on the first side of the substrate 10. The lower clad layer 20, the core layer 30, and the first upper clad layer 40 may constitute the first waveguide 31.
Referring to FIGS. 9A to 9C, the waveguide layer 50 and the second upper clad layer 60 are formed on the lower clad layer 20 and the first upper clad layer 40. The waveguide layer 50 and the second upper clad layer 60 may include InGaAsP and (p-)InP, respectively, through a process such as molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) or metal organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD). The waveguide layer 50 may have a thickness of about 30 μm, and the second upper clad layer 60 may have a thickness of about 1.9 μm.
Referring to FIGS. 10A to 10C, the waveguide layer 50 is wider than the core layer 30 on the first side of the substrate 10, and the waveguide layer 50 and the core layer 30 have the same width on the second side of the substrate 10. To this end, a region from the second upper clad layer 60 to the lower clad layer 20 is etched. The region from the second upper clad layer 60 to the lower clad layer 20 may be patterned through a photolithography process and an etching process. When the lower clad layer 20 is etched, the top surface of the substrate 10 may be removed. At this point, the core layer 30 of the second waveguide 51 may be patterned through a growth process and an etching process, and the waveguide layer 50 may be patterned on the core layer 30 through a re-growth process and an etching process.
Thus, the method of manufacturing the spot size converter 100 according to the embodiment of FIG. 1 can maximize the productivity of the spot size converter 100. The second upper clad layer 60 and the waveguide layer 50 may constitute the second waveguide 51 as a passive wave guide. The first waveguide 31 and the second waveguide 51 as a passive waveguide may have a deep ridge waveguide structure on the first side of the substrate 10.
Referring again to FIG. 1, the planarization layer 70 is formed on side walls of the second waveguide 51 and the first waveguide 31. The planarization layer 70 may include a polymer formed through heat treatment. As described above, the core layer 30 and the waveguide layer 50 can be efficiently formed through respective growth processes and respective etching process.
As a result, the method of manufacturing the spot size converter 100 according to the embodiment of FIG. 1 can maximize the productivity of the spot size converter 100.
FIG. 11 is a perspective view illustrating a spot size converter 100 according to another embodiment of the present invention. FIGS. 12A, 13A, and 14A are plan views illustrating a method of manufacturing the spot size converter 100 of FIG. 11. FIGS. 12B, 13B, and 14B are cross-sectional views taken along line I-I′ of FIGS. 12A, 13A, and 14A, respectively. FIGS. 12C, 13C, and 14C are cross-sectional views taken along line II-II′ of FIGS. 12A, 13A, and 14A, respectively.
Thus, the productivity of the spot size converter 100 according to the current embodiment can be maximized.
A method of manufacturing the spot size converter 100 according to the current embodiment will now be described.
Referring to FIGS. 7A to 8C, the lower clad layer 20, the core layer 30, and the first upper clad layer 40 are formed on the substrate 10, and are tapered through patterning on the first side of the substrate 10.
Referring to FIGS. 12A to 12C, the buffer layer 80 is formed on side walls of the lower clad layer 20, the core layer 30, and the first upper clad layer 40. The buffer layer 80 may include InP. The buffer layer 80 may be planarized with the same level as that of the first upper clad layer 40.
Referring to FIGS. 13A to 13C, the etch stop layer 82, the waveguide layer 50, and the second upper clad layer 60 are formed on the first upper clad layer 40 and the buffer layer 80. The etch stop layer 82 may include InGaAsP through a process such as molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) or metal organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD).
Referring to FIGS. 14A to 14C, the waveguide layer 50 is wider than the core layer 30 on the first side of the substrate 10, and the waveguide layer 50 and the core layer 30 have the same width on the second side of the substrate 10. To this end, a region from the second upper clad layer 60 to the lower clad layer 20 is etched. The region from the second upper clad layer 60 to the lower clad layer 20 may be patterned through a photolithography process and an etching process. When the lower clad layer 20 is etched, the top surface of the substrate 10 may be removed.
Referring again to FIG. 11, the planarization layer 70 is formed on the substrate 10. The planarization layer 70 may cover side walls of the core layer 30 of the first waveguide 31 and side walls of the waveguide layer 50 of the second waveguide 51. The core layer 30 and the waveguide layer 50 can be efficiently formed through respective growth processes, respective photolithography processes, and respective etching process.
As a result, the method of manufacturing the spot size converter 100 according to the current embodiment can maximize the productivity of the spot size converter 100.
As described above, according to the embodiments, a core layer 30 may be tapered in a first direction on a side of a substrate 10. A waveguide layer 50 may be tapered in a second direction on the core layer 30 on the side of the substrate 10, and may extend with the same width as that of the core layer 30 on another side of the substrate 10. The core layer 30 and the waveguide layer 50 may have a deep ridge structure on the first side of the substrate 10. Thus, unlike a typical structure that performs a mode conversion through mode transfer or coupling, a spot size converter 100 according to the embodiments performs a mode conversion at the same core layer 30. Hence, the yield rate of devices is increased, and thus, the productivity thereof is maximized.
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0.999821 |
How to make the most out of a cramped bathroom.
1. Draw a rough sketch of your space (you don't have to be an artist!) so you can try out different arrangements and ideas before you start installation.
2. If opting for a bathtub and shower combo rather than solely a shower, look for bathtubs that are slightly shorter and narrower than average.
4. Mirrors make everything look bigger. Go for an oversized one above the sink and add instant visual square footage.
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0.999473 |
At a major research university, the internal auditors were tasked with performing routine documentation reviews for the university's procurement card (p-card) program. The lessons to be learned about p-cards from a fictional case study include: 1. Routine audits, although not glamorous, may provide opportunities for internal auditors to identify material control weaknesses in routine processing systems that can have wide ranging impact. 2. The p-card process should have an outlet, by hotline or anonymous e-mail, to allow individuals involved in transaction processing and oversight to report suspected abuse without fear of retribution. 3. Budget pressures may so impact established internal controls that the control is eliminated, resulting in significantly increased risk of fraud.
An understaffed university accounting department gets some much needed help from campus internal auditors and uncovers fraudulent use of procurement cards.
AT A MAJOR RESEARCH UNIversity, the internal auditors were tasked with performing routine documentation reviews for the university's procurement card (p-card) program. Although the audit director was not generally in favor of his department performing routine monitoring, he had agreed to the reviews as a service to the accounting director, whose department recently had been a target of budget cuts.
The accounting department had only one person assigned to review p-card transactions processed through the accounting office. With 1,200 p-cards in staff and faculty hands, the review clerk was responsible for manually reviewing nearly 71,000 transactions totaling more than $11 million from the previous year. The p-card program relied solely on internal control processes in user departments and the monitoring practices of one accounting clerk to ensure the cards were used only for appropriate university expenses.
Previous documentation reviews in other departments had revealed random missing documents, a few instances of card use by someone other than the person to whom the card was assigned, and occasional pyramiding of transactions. (Pyramiding is the use of multiple, or split, transactions - for example, multiple card swipes - in an attempt to break transactions into smaller pieces to circumvent card limits.) These transactions are usually easy to identify with data sorts by vendor and date, or by date, vendor, and accounting transaction number. They are also usually fairly easy to spot by their even-dollar amount and by data extraction that highlights purchase amounts reasonably close to the transaction limit. Despite these occurrences, no evidence of fraud had been identified.
As the current round of documentation reviews was drawing to a close, the internal audit director decided to review one of the university's remote locations that had several p-cards assigned to staff and faculty. His reasoning was that the location had not been visited in recent years by internal auditing, had a history of "creative" accounting related to other transactions, and perhaps was in need of a control-awareness wake-up call.
Using the automated financial system query capabilities, the p-card transactions for the previous year were downloaded, and approximately ioo transactions were selected for document verification. Among those transactions were several suspected instances of pyramiding and unusual descriptions of items purchased.
The audit director scheduled a visit to the remote unit for Tuesday morning. The unit was notified in advance and asked to schedule approximately four hours for documentation verification. Upon arrival, the audit director presented the accounting clerk with a list of transactions to be reviewed and asked the clerk to pull the appropriate documentation. The first receipt document pulled was from a well-known discount store and listed, along with the items that would be used by the university, several children's DVDs and video games. The audit director also noticed several items that were crossed out, with a different description handwritten on the receipt. When queried about the appropriateness of the purchases, the accounting clerk responded that the purchaser had told her the chain's receipt didn't always actually describe the item purchased, and what appeared to be unauthorized purchases were actually different items that were authorized.
The audit director, recognizing that the discount chain's financial success "lived and died" by the accuracy of its inventory control, suspected something was wrong. The director continued reviewing the remaining receipts, identifying an additional 12 questionable purchases, which totaled more than $1,200. he contacted the local chain store manager and verified that "if the receipt says video game, it is a video game," and that the manager could specifically identify each game. After visiting with the manager and identifying all the questionable items, the internal auditor contacted the university police department, as was standard practice, to coordinate a criminal investigation of what was now a suspected p-card fraud.
The auditor identified and downloaded all p-card purchases made by the individual since he had received his card three years earlier and identified multiple suspected unauthorized purchases. The following week, the internal auditor, along with an experienced investigator from the university police department, returned to the unit to review documentation of these transactions and to interview individuals involved. While the auditor reviewed and documented scores of unauthorized purchases, the investigator interviewed staff, and through the senior administrator responsible for the unit, scheduled an interview with the suspect for the following day.
When the accounting clerk was asked whether she had wondered about the appropriateness of the purchases, she became very emotional, commenting that she knew they were wrong, but, "it's a small town and I need my job." After questioning several of the earliest transactions, she had quit doing so. Apparently, management pressured her to ignore the discrepancies because the suspect reported to the dean, and "we don't question what the dean was believed to know about."
The audit director, investigator, and senior administrator arrived for the interview with the suspect the following day armed with the internal auditor's documented evidence of suspected unauthorized transactions dating back three years, just one week after the p-card was issued to the suspected individual. Early in the interview, the suspect admitted purchasing unauthorized items for personal use, but also indicated that many of the purchases were for the university but were being "stored" by him at no cost because the school had limited storage space.
Using a search warrant obtained by the university police department, the audit director and university police removed nearly four van-loads of suspected unauthorized purchases from the suspect's home and personal vehicle. he was terminated immediately.
The total estimated loss from the fraud was more than $60,000, but only $32,000 was considered provable. Many other purchases, though apparently excessive and clearly unnecessary, were not traceable because they could not be individually identified. The suspect was arrested, and the university is currently pursuing the case through the courts.
* Routine audits, although not glamorous, may provide opportunities for internal auditors to identify material control weaknesses in routine processing systems that can have wide ranging impact. The p-card process was designed as a pilot program of 30 cards and 15 users and was never truly updated to reflect the growth in the process. As a result, controls that worked for a small program were inadequate for a full-scale program.
* The p-card process should have an outlet, by hotline or anonymous e-mail, to allow individuals involved in transaction processing and oversight to report suspected abuse without fear of retribution. Economic realities often shape actions, and even the most honest people will overlook or ignore fraud if they suspect their job or livelihood will be in jeopardy if they report the suspected abuse. When the tone from the top does not encourage and support ethical actions, fraud can grow rapidly.
* Budget pressures may so impact established internal controls that the control is eliminated, resulting in significantly increased risk of fraud. In the search for efficiency, the first activity to be cut is often the control activity, because practicing good internal controls takes time and doesn't normally contribute to processing efficiency in a budget-conscious environment. This can be a costly decision when control processes become overwhelmed by transaction activity.
* Financial system capabilities must be used to allow detective internal controls to effectively identify and evaluate high-risk transactions. Having one clerk assigned to review all p-card transactions - if the clerk does nothing other than review transactions eight hours a day, five days a week - results in just over one minute per transaction for review. Analysis of buying trends and usage patterns through data extraction and analysis, or periodic system queries, should be implemented to identify potentially fraudulent transactions.
* Individuals responsible for p-card use and monitoring must be continually trained and made aware of fraud risk in card use. Annual refresher courses, including fraud awareness, for all individuals involved in p-card processes should be required. No infraction of p-card rules should be considered minor, and management must be made aware of even seemingly accidental infractions.
* Real consequences for misuse of p-cards need to be formalized and enforced. The tone at the top must clearly convey that fraudulent use of p-cards will be prosecuted. A p-card program without "teeth" to address misuse is a "fraud waiting to happen." Even the best run and most well-controlled p-card program will experience fraud.
* P-card fraud may be indicative of fraud in other areas of purchasing.
P-cards are just one purchasing method. A purchasing card fraud investigation should include review of other purchasing methods available to suspected fraudsters. In this fraud, the suspect was also making unauthorized purchases, totaling many thousands of dollars, through direct-billed purchases and standing (framework) orders, as well as using other individuals' p-cards to which he had access.
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0.72904 |
Angelique Kerber's maiden Grand Slam victory in Melbourne set the tone for a rollercoaster 2016 WTA season, but she wasn't the only name to make her mark Down Under.
Angelique Kerber's stunning maiden Grand Slam victory in Melbourne set the tone for a rollercoaster 2016 WTA season, but she wasn't the only name to make her mark Down Under as Victoria Azarenka, Monica Puig and Svetlana Kuznetsova highlighted the first few weeks of WTA action during the Australian Swing.
Following a career-best season in 2015 - where she picked up four titles and finished the year at No.10 - Angelique Kerber stayed on course in Australia, but even she had no idea what was to come.
After being blown off the court by an inspired Victoria Azarenka in the final of the Brisbane International and being forced to withdraw from the Apia International Sydney in the second round due to a gastrointestinal illness, the German went straight to Melbourne for the first Grand Slam of the year.
Kerber, who'd previously never advanced past the fourth round of the Australian Open - saved match point in her first match against Misaki Doi and went on to put together a clinical run to the final, where she locked horns with Serena Williams.
She stunned the tennis world by defeating the then-World No.1 in a thrilling three sets and lifting her maiden Grand Slam title, ending a 17-year major title drought for German tennis and cementing her place at the top.
Australia has been Victoria Azarenka's home away from home for several years, but this time it was in Brisbane, not Melbourne, where the two-time Australian Open champion made her mark.
Starting the year ranked No.22, Azarenka tore through the draw at the Brisbane International without dropping a set. In fact, the Belarusian lost just 17 games en route to the first title of the year, a feat which still stands as the fewest games lost in winning a WTA title in 2016.
She went on to reach the quarterfinals at the Australian Open, her best result there since 2014, and picked up another two titles before succumbing to injuries - a back injury in Madrid, a right knee injury during the French Open - and finally putting an end to her season following the announcement of her pregnancy.
In Sydney, a pair of surprising names reached the final at the second Premier-level event of the year.
Puerto Rican qualifier Monica Puig, then ranked No.94, reached the second WTA final of her career after posting wins over a trio of Top 30 players, Anna Karolina Schmiedlova, Samantha Stosur and Belinda Bencic (via retirement). She faced Svetlana Kuznetsova, who'd just pulled off her biggest win since 2009 over No.2-ranked Simona Halep in the semifinals.
Even though Kuznetsova went on to drop just two games in her dominant victory over Puig, the pair's surprise run to the Sydney final served as a preview for what was in store for Puig and Kuznetsova later in the season.
Elsewhere, Agnieszka Radwanska continued where she left off at the 2015 WTA Finals, returning to the home of her best tennis in Asia and picking up a title at the International-level Shenzhen Open. Sloane Stephens also took home the ASB Classic in Auckland and Alizé Cornet won in the Hobart International.
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0.999994 |
Income tax: where an equity interest is a financial arrangement which satisfies both subsections 230-45(1) and 230-50(1) of the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997, which provision applies?
There is a Compendium for this document: TD 2011/12EC .
1. Subsection 230-50(1) of the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997 (ITAA 1997) applies if an equity interest satisfies both subsections 230-50(1) and 230-45(1).
3. For Division 230 to apply to a gain or loss, it is necessary to identify a financial arrangement. A financial arrangement is the unit of taxation for Division 230. Subsections 230-45(1), 230-50(1) and 230-50(2) provide tests which specify when you have a financial arrangement.
4. Section 230-45 is the general test. Pursuant to subsection 230-45(1), you have a financial arrangement if you have, under an arrangement identified pursuant to subsection 230-55(4), a cash settlable right to receive or obligation to provide a financial benefit, or a combination of such rights and/or obligations, unless, broadly, you have not insignificant other rights to receive or obligations to provide something which is not a financial benefit, or the other rights or obligations are not cash settlable. Subsection 230-45(2) specifies the circumstances in which a right to receive or obligation to provide a financial benefit that you have is cash settlable.
5. Section 230-50 provides two further tests for having a financial arrangement. Subsection 230-50(2), in a similar way to section 230-45, specifies criteria pursuant to which certain rights and/or obligations, under an arrangement identified by subsection 230-55(4), are a financial arrangement.
6. Subsection 230-50(1), on the other hand, provides that an equity interest, as defined, constitutes the financial arrangement. The term 'equity interest' is defined in Subdivision 974-C for an equity interest in a company, and in section 820-930 for an equity interest for a partnership or trust.
7. Certain arrangements may satisfy both subsections 230-45(1) and 230-50(1). In this event it is necessary to determine which subsection takes precedence as Division 230 has limited operation in relation to section 230-50 financial arrangements.
paragraph 230-440(1)(a) - balancing adjustment.
financial reports method for an equity interest which is issued by you.
subject to the hedging financial arrangements method and is an equity interest that you issue and is a foreign currency hedge.
10. An equity interest that is cash settlable will satisfy subsection 230-50(1) and may also satisfy subsection 230-45(1). In these circumstances, subsection 230-50(1) applies in preference to subsection 230-45(1).
11. Division 230 has been designed to ensure that not all tax-treatment methods apply to equity financial arrangements. This purpose should be given effect to irrespective of whether the equity financial arrangement also satisfies the requirements of a cash settlable financial arrangement.
12. The structure of the Division is that a broader range of things are included within the provisions, and then there are things excluded from the set of things included, and so on. So, for example, equity interests in partnerships and trusts are included as financial arrangements under subsection 230-50(1), then, broadly, paragraph 230-460(3)(b) excludes them, then subsection 230-460(4) is an exception to that exclusion in relation to financial arrangements the subject of a fair value or financial reports election which are therefore re-included, and then, of such re-included financial arrangements, sub-sections 230-225(1) and 230-415(1) exclude issued equity financial arrangements. That leaves held trust and partnership equity interest financial arrangements the subject of a fair value or financial reports election as being subject to Division 230. From this structure, an inference can be drawn that the limited application purpose for section 230-50 financial arrangements ought to take precedence over the purpose that Division 230 ought to apply to all cash settlable financial arrangements. The structure is such that the exclusions and modifications that apply to equity interests are impressed upon the initial general inclusion.
the arrangement is a financial arrangement under section 230-50 (equity interests etc.) and neither a fair value election, a hedging financial arrangement election nor an election to rely on financial reports applies to the arrangement.
Hamish Co's convertible note is a cash settlable financial arrangement. This is because under this arrangement Hamish has the right to receive cash coupon payments, and the ability to redeem the note upon maturity by receiving a payment of money, and Hamish Co did not have the sole or dominant purpose when entering into the arrangement of receiving the shares on conversion instead (subsection 230-45(1) and paragraph 230-45(2)(g)).
If Hamish Co's convertible note is also an equity interest, it will satisfy the definition of an 'equity financial arrangement' (see subsection 230-50(1)), and therefore will only be subject to a limited operation of Division 230 (refer to discussion on the limited operation of Division 230 to 'equity financial arrangements').
A scheme gives rise to an equity interest in a company under subsection 974-70(1) if the scheme satisfies the equity test in subsection 974-75(1) and the interest is not characterised as and does not form part of a larger interest that is a debt interest in the company.
Section 820-930 provides that for certain purposes, an equity interest in an entity that is a trust or partnership has the meaning given by specified provisions in Division 974 as modified in section 820-930. As is made clear by the note to subsection 820-930(1), as for an equity interest in a company, an interest that satisfies the debt test is not treated as an equity interest.
Only an equity interest in a company can be subject to the hedging financial arrangements method where it is an equity interest that you issue which is a foreign currency hedge. An equity interest in a trust or partnership cannot be subject to the hedging financial arrangements election.
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0.998374 |
Eléktrostatika mangrupa cabang élmu alam anu neuleuman fénoména éléktrostatik anu diakibatkeun ku muatan listrik stasionér. Fénoména ieu kaasup ti mimiti nu basajan mangrupa némpélna bungkus palastik kana leungeun anjeun sanggeus anjeun ngaleupaskeun éta bungkusan tina objék nu dibungkus nepi ka fénoména ruksakna komponén-komponén éléktronik salila dijieunna alat éléktronik, nepi ka cara gawéna mesin fotokopi. Éléktrostatik lumangsung lantaran numpukna muatan dina luhureun beungeut hiji objék nu paantel jeung beungeut ébjek lianna. Muatan-muatan ieu tetep némpél dina objék kasebut nepi ka maranéhna leupas kana taneuh atawa sacara gancang dinétralkeun ku hiji paleupas muatan: contona fénomena nu kasohor "kagét statik" dilantarankeun ku nétralisasi muatan nu numpuk dina awak akibat padantel jeun beungeut objék non-konduktif.
In other words, electrostatics does not require the absence of magnetic fields or electric currents. Rather, if magnetic fields or electric currents do exist, they must not change with time, or in the worst-case, they must change with time only very slowly. In some problems, both electrostatics and magnetostatics may be required for accurate predictions, but the coupling between the two can still be ignored.
Gauss' law states that "the total electric flux through a closed surface is proportional to the total electric charge enclosed within the surface". The constant of proportionality is the permittivity of free space.
This relationship is a form of Poisson's equation.
The triboelectric effect is a type of contact electrification in which certain materials become electrically charged when coming into contact with another, different, material, and are then separated. The polarity and strength of the charges produced differ according to the materials, surface roughness, temperature, strain, and other properties. It is therefore not very predictable, and only broad generalizations can be made. Amber, for example, can acquire an electric charge by friction with a material like wool. This property, first recorded by Thales of Miletus, suggested the word "electricity", from the Greek word for amber, électròn. Other examples of materials that can acquire a significant charge when rubbed together include glass rubbed with silk, and hard rubber rubbed with fur.
The presence of surface charge imbalance méans that the objects will exhibit attractive or repulsive forces. This surface charge imbalance, which yields static electricity, can be generated by touching two differing surfaces together and then separating them due to the phenomena of contact electrification and the triboelectric effect. Rubbing two nonconductive objects generates a gréat amount of static electricity. This is not just the result of friction; two nonconductive surfaces can become charged by just being placed one on top of the other. Since most surfaces have a rough texture, it takes longer to achieve charging through contact than through rubbing. Rubbing objects together incréases amount of adhesive contact between the two surfaces. Usually insulators, e.g., substances that do not conduct electricity, are good at both generating, and holding, a surface charge. Some examples of these substances are rubber, plastic, glass, and pith. Conductive objects only rarely generate charge imbalance except, for example, when a metal surface is impacted by solid or liquid nonconductors. The charge that is transferred during contact electrification is stored on the surface of éach object. Static electric generators, devices which produce very high voltage at very low current and used for classroom physics demonstrations, rely on this effect.
Note that the presence of electric current does not detract from the electrostatic forces nor from the sparking, from the corona discharge, or other phenomena. Both phenomena can exist simultanéously in the same system.
See also: Friction machines, Wimshurst machines, and Van de Graaf generators.
Natural electrostatic phenomena are most familiar as an occasional annoyance in séasons of low humidity, but can be destructive and harmful in some situations (e.g. electronics manufacturing). When working in direct contact with integrated circuit electronics (especially delicate MOSFETs), or in the presence of flammable gas, care must be taken to avoid accumulating and suddenly discharging a static charge (see electrostatic discharge).
Charge induction occurs when a negatively charged object repels electrons from the surface of a second object. This créates a region in the second object that is more positively charged. An attractive force is then exerted between the objects. For example, when a balloon is rubbed, the balloon will stick to the wall as an attractive force is exerted by two oppositely charged surfaces (the surface of the wall gains an electric charge due to charge induction, as the free electrons at the surface of the wall are repelled by the negative balloon, créating a positive wall surface, which is subsequently attracted to the surface of the balloon). You can explore the effect with a simulation of the balloon and static electricity.
Before the yéar 1832, when Michael Faraday published the results of his experiment on the identity of electricities, physicists thought "static electricity" was somehow different from other electrical charges. Michael Faraday proved that the electricity induced from the magnet, voltaic electricity produced by a battery, and static electricity are all the same.
Static electricity is usually caused when certain materials are rubbed against éach other, like wool on plastic or the soles of shoes on carpet. The process causes electrons to be pulled from the surface of one material and relocated on the surface of the other material.
A static shock occurs when the surface of the second material, negatively charged with electrons, touches a positively-charged conductor. Or Vice-Versa.
Static electricity is commonly used in xerography, air filters, and some automotive paints. Static electricity is a build up of electric charges on two objects that have become separated from éach other. Small electrical components can éasily be damaged by static electricity. Component manufactures use a number of antistatic devices to avoid this.
when different materials are brought together and then separated, an accumulation of electric charge can occur which léaves one material positively charged while the other becomes negatively charged. The mild shock that you receive when touching a grounded object after walking on carpet is an example of excess electrical charge accumulating in your body from frictional charging between your shoes and the carpet. The resulting charge build-up within your body can generate a strong electrical discharge. Although experimenting with static electricity may be fun, similar sparks créate severe hazards in those industries déaling with flammable substances, where a small electrical spark may ignite explosive mixtures with devastating consequences.
A similar charging mechanism can occur within low conductivity fluids flowing through pipelines - a process called flow electrification. Fluids which have low electrical conductivity (below 50 pico siemens/cm, where pico siemens/cm is a méasure of electrical conductivity), are called accumulators. Fluids having conductivities above 50 pico siemens/cm are called non-accumulators. In non-accumulators, charges recombine as fast as they are separated and hence electrostatic charge generation is not significant. In the petrochemical industry, 50 pico siemens/cm is the recommended minimum value of electrical conductivity for adequate removal of charge from a fluid.
An important concept for insulating fluids is the static relaxation time. This is similar to the time constant (tau) within an RC circuit. For insulating materials, it is the ratio of the static dielectric constant divided by the electrical conductivity of the material. For hydrocarbon fluids, this is sometimes approximated by dividing the number 18 by the electrical conductivity of the fluid. Thus a fluid that has an electrical conductivity of 1 pico siemens /cm will have an estimated relaxation time of about 18 seconds. The excess charge within a fluid will be almost completely dissipated after 4 to 5 times the relaxation time, or 90 seconds for the fluid in the above example.
Charge generation incréases at higher fluid velocities and larger pipe diaméters, becoming quite significant in pipes 8 inches or larger. Static charge generation in these systems is best controlled by limiting fluid velocity. The British standard BS PD CLC/TR 50404:2003 (formerly BS-5958-Part 2) Code of Practice for Control of Undesirable Static Electricity prescribes velocity limits. Because of its large impact on dielectric constant, the recommended velocity for hydrocarbon fluids containing water should be limited to 1 m/sec.
Bonding and éarthing are the usual ways by which charge buildup can be prevented. For fluids with electrical conductivity below 10 pico siemens/cm, bonding and éarthing are not adequate for charge dissipation, and anti-static additives may be required.
"Can Gravity be an Electrostatic Force?" A Quantum théory of Gravitation, 2005.
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0.971858 |
Houston lies in the southeastern corner of Texas, near the Gulf of Mexico in southern USA, and is the largest city in the whole of Texas. Founded in 1836, Houston became one of the country's most wealthy exporters of oil. Since a major slump in the 1980s, the local economy has diversified greatly, including major aerospace, medical services and tourism, and the city is once again oozing with wealth and money, attracting tourists from around the globe. Houston spreads out from its center in a vast network of roads, freeways and enormous shopping districts, and is also a thriving seaport, with a busy shipping channel from Galveston Bay.
The Westheimer Road is an important east to west thoroughfare, and connects the popular Galleria Shopping Mall, the upmarket River Oaks district and the Upper Kirby area. Providing a useful source for current tourist information, the Greater Houston Convention and Visitors Bureau is worth visiting and can be found on Bagby Street, in between McKinney Street and Walker Street. This is a good place to pick up free maps and leaflets about the attractions within the Downtown district, the Midtown and Uptown areas, and also the Museum and Theater districts.
The George Bush Intercontinental Airport (IAH) can be found 22 miles / 33 km to the north of central Houston, next to the town of Bordersville, and includes plenty of neighboring cheap accommodation options. Budget hotels are common in Houston and are concentrated around the Northwest Freeway, the Katy Freeway and also on the Southwest Freeway. Many of the city's best hotels are situated in the heart of the city center. More information about Houston Hotels.
Houston has many world-class tourist attractions, including the Downtown Aquarium - containing an enormous half-million gallon complex, showcasing underwater life from around the world; Houston Zoo - home to an array of attractions and animals, including Natural Encounters, where visitors are able to get close to many of the animals; the Space Center - a premier tourist attraction, full of interactive displays and a host of information about space travel; Hermann Park - a huge park close to downtown, containing a landscaped Japanese Garden; Sam Houston Park - overlooking by towering skyscrapers and home to a particularly historic log cabin, tearooms and museum area; and the Bayou Bend Collection and Gardens - a 28-room mansion set in the River Oaks residential neighborhood.
Other important landmarks include the JP Morgan Chase Tower - the tallest building in the entire city, featuring an observation deck; City Hall - constructed of Texas Cordova limestone, with museum areas and hosting a number of important Texan festivals; the Julia Ideson Library Building - dating back to the 1920s, housing the impressive Circle M. Collection and linked to the Ideson Library by a convenient tunnel; the Nina Vance Alley Theater - situated in downtown Houston, with two theaters and regular performances; and the Oscar F. Holcombe Civic Center - a multimillion dollar complex with four exhibition buildings holding a host a major events throughout the annual calendar. More information about Houston Tourist Attractions and Houston Landmarks.
Tourist attractions situated near to Houston include the George Ranch Historical Park, the Gulf Greyhound Park, the Kemah Boardwalk, the Moody Gardens, the San Jacinto Battlefield and the Six Flags Astroworld / Waterworld. The Galveston Beach area is especially nearby and is the perfect place to relax, away from busy city life.
Houston boasts some truly excellent museums and these include the Children's Museum - a family attraction with a tantalizing exterior, aimed at children up to 12 years old; the Byzantine Fresco Chapel Museum - housing the only intact frescoes in the whole of the Western Hemisphere; the Houston Museum of Natural Science (HMNS) - situated in Hermann Park, boasting dinosaur skeletons, an IMAX theater and a planetarium; the Menil Collection - perhaps the most prized collection of art in the city, with over 15,000 contemporary pieces; the Lawndale Art Center - a renovated art-deco building with four gallery spaces and information about local artists; the Museum of Fine Arts - the city's premier art museum, consisting of more than 40,000 works; the Contemporary Arts Museum - full of interesting avant-garde exhibitions of paintings and known for its aluminum-clad exterior; and the Rice University Art Gallery - part of the Rice University campus, loaded with contemporary visual art. More information about Houston Museums and Houston Art Galleries.
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0.997513 |
New York City goes by some other names: The Big Apple, The Empire City, and The City Of Dreams are just a few. New York City, whatever you may call it, is a traveler’s paradise and it’s no surprise that the city welcomes over 60 million visitors each year. With its easy, walkable layout, extensive subway system, and plenty of things to do, it’s easy to see why New York City is one of the most visited cities on Earth. You could easily spend a week or two exploring a single neighborhood. To help you cut through the noise, we created a list of the 6 best places to see in NYC. You’ll be a local in no time!
You knew this one was going to be on the list! New York’s iconic Central Park is located in the heart of Manhattan and serves as a major navigation point for locals and visitors alike. It welcomes over 40 million visitors each year and is easily recognizable to people around the world due to its various features in films. The park covers over 800 acres of land and is a great place to spend a warm summers day. There are tons of activities to do in the park, but I’d recommend checking out the Conservatory Garden. The garden is made up of three different styles (French, Italian, and English) and is the best place in the city to see flowers in the summer. Another can’t-miss spot is Belvedere Castle. Home to the highest lookout points in Central Park, Belvedere Castle looks like it should be in Scotland, not New York. Interestingly enough, the National Weather Service takes temperature and wind measurements next to the castle. It serves as a visitor center and so there isn’t much to see inside, but the castle is a great place to take pictures or contemplate your next travel destination.
Central Park, the oasis of New York.
Formerly a New York Central Railroad spur, the High Line is found in New York’s Meatpacking District. It spans a mile and a half across the city’s western neighborhood. The railroad track was abandoned in 1980, but was repurposed starting in 2009 and officially completed in 2014. The High Line features various works of art along the way and you can even see the old railroad tracks to make your walk a little more interesting. It’s best seen in the morning at sunrise as all the buildings in the surrounding area take on a fiery orange hue. The High Line has set an example for other cities (Chicago’s 606, Montréal’s Lachine Canal) to repurpose their otherwise neglected industrial areas. You and your camera won’t be disappointed with the views!
After working up an appetite walking on the High Line, stop by nearby Chelsea Market for a wide assortment of eating options that anyone in your group will be pleased with. Once home to a butcher’s market and biscuit factory, Chelsea Market might as well be foodie heaven. From coffee to seafood to sandwiches, the market has every type of food you could imagine. Be sure to try a lobster roll at Cull and Pistol. The lobster is so fresh you’d swear they just caught it. Continuing on the seafood theme, another can’t-miss is the Japanese-Mexican inspired spicy tuna tacos. If you’re more of a sweet person, try the Doughnuttery. The purveyor of all things doughnuts are known for their crazy flavors such as a maple, potatoes, and bacon concoction known as the Purple Pig. Wherever you eat in Chelsea Market, you’re sure to leave full and satisfied. If not, you’re doing it all wrong.
This is what I had!
Bushwick has in the past been known as one of New York’s poorest working-class neighborhoods but has recently been revitalized due to an influx of new shops and bars opening up. All of this change has happened very recently in the past decade with a 28 percent increase of young people ages 20-34 moving into Bushwick. With all of this young, creative energy coming into the neighborhood, Bushwick is now known for its street art. I’d recommend doing a self-guided tour of the neighborhood, but if you want to get a local’s perspective, there are various guided tours almost every day of the week. It’s hard not to see street art in Bushwick, but be sure to check out the Bushwick Collective street art gallery. Located off of Flushing Avenue, the open air gallery is thought to be one of the best in the world. You’ll be amazed by these incredible works of art. If you’re lucky enough to see one of the artists at work, maybe he or she will let you help them out.
Roosevelt Island is not the first place you think of visiting in NYC, but it’s definitely worth exploring. Technically, Roosevelt Island is a part of Manhattan, but not really. With a fascinating past full of prisons and insane asylums, the island is now mostly residential. Visit Four Freedoms Park at the southern end of the island for great skyline views and for a perfect walk. During summer months, the park hosts book readings, concerts, and more. Before you get to the park, take a look at the abandoned smallpox hospital. The building was the first smallpox hospital in the country opened in 1856 and now sits abandoned. You’re not allowed to walk around the ruins (do so at your own risk), but you can still see the old structure. The island is isolated, but it is a great place to escape the hustle and bustle of Manhattan without going far.
The Museum Of Modern Art, also known as MoMA, is a great place to spend a rainy, summer day. Located in the city’s Midtown District, it’s easy to spend a whole afternoon in the museum. It’s home to famous works such as Starry Night by Vincent Van Gogh, The Persistence Of Memory by Salvador Dali, and Andy Warhol’s Campbell’s Soup Cans. These works are a big reason MoMA attracts art lovers from around the world. If you’re on a budget, be sure to head to the museum from 4-8PM on Fridays when admission is free. Cool museum and free admission…A traveler’s dream.
Enjoyed reading about New York? Why not jump across the pond to another world capital and read about 7 secret treasure in Rome?
Receive exclusive travel deals, insider tips, inspiration, and more.
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0.999522 |
What benefits "Great Stone" industrial park offers to German business is represented by Industrial Park Development Company during the IV Manufacture's Forum, April 12, 2019 in Frankfurt-am-Main, Germany. This is one of the largest business centers in Europe, where the interests of German companies are concentrated and the headquarters of transnational corporations and financial institutions are located. During the forum, B2B talks are held with German companies.
German business is already involved in "Great Stone". Two companies with German capital are registered as residents of the industrial park (total number of residents is 43). They are are going to manufacture products from new materials, as well as medical products. Moreover, the German management company of Duisburg port (Duisburger Hafen AG), which is one of the shareholders of Industrial Park Development Company, takes part in strategic decisions on the development of the industrial park.
The IV Manufacture's Forum in Germany is a part of Europenian road-show to promote the Great Stone's opportunities for business. Similar events have been already taken in London, UK at the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development, in Hamburg, Germany at the Hamburg Chamber of Commerce, in Hannover, Germany at Hannover Messe 2019, as well as in Geneva, Switzerland at the UNCTAD, and in Zhanto, the Geneva suburb.
In coming months, the park will be presented in other cities of Germany, Austria, Poland, Spain, and other European countries.
Industrial park "Great Stone" with area of 112.5 sq. km is an international project. It provides the most favorable business conditions, which are equally applied to investors from any countries.
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0.981635 |
5 Benefits of Taking Creatine Supplements.
Creatine is used to improve performance in the gym. Creatine is a substance that is found naturally in muscle cells. It helps muscle produce energy during heavy lifting or an intense exercise. Taking creatine is popular among athletes and body builders to gain muscle enhance strength and enhance exercise performance.
1.) Improves Brain Function- Creatine helps the brain produce more adenosine triphosphate (ATP). It helps aid brain function by increasing dopamine levels and the function of mitochondria.
2.) Reduces Fatigue And Tiredness-Provides the brain with additional energy and increases energy during sleep deprivation.
3.) Speed Up Muscle Growth- increases water content within the muscle. in the muscle for short and long term use.
4.) Improves High-Intensity Exercise Performance- Benefits regardless of your fitness level. Creatine can improve many factors that will help you preform better like Brain performance, resistance to fatigue, muscle mass, muscle endurance, and strength.
5.) Helps Muscle Cells Produce More Energy- Provides additional ATP energy, which provides intense workout performance.
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0.999594 |
Do you know where the highest hotel in Slovakia is?
Pope John Paul II is among its distinguished visitors.
Sliezsky dom, the highest mountain hotel in Slovakia, offers accommodation for tourists at 1,670 metres above sea level right under the Gerlachovský peak and next to the much-visited Velické mountain lake.
The hike starts at the Tatranská Polianka bus stop and takes about two hours. Hikers have to overcome 700 metres of vertical distance during the seven kilometre long hike.
The Velické mountain lake should not be the ultimate destination of the hike. From there, it is possible to carry on to the Batizovské mountain lake (1,884 metres above sea level) or to Hrebienok.
The history of Sliezsky dom started in 1871 when the first stone building was erected. However three years later it was torn down by an avalanche. The appearance of the latter day hotel originated in 2011. The hotel has played host to Pope John Paul II as well as other distinguished visitors.
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Catherines is running an offer code for $50 Off on Your Order at Catherines (Site-Wide), redeemable at their site. Click the blue button to reveal and copy this discount code. Enter this code in the promo code entry box during checkout at catherines.com. Your discount should be applied.
Catherines has a discount code for $50 Off $150+ Order at Catherines (Site-Wide) running on catherines.com. Click the blue button to open and view this promo code, the code will be automatically copied to your clipboard. Remember to enter this code when you're checking out at catherines.com.
Catherines is running an offer code for 40% Off Apparel & Accessories at Catherines, redeemable at their site. Click the blue button to reveal and copy this discount code. Enter this code in the promo code entry box during checkout at catherines.com. Your discount should be applied.
Catherines is running an offer code for 25% Off Dresses at Catherines – Expires Soon, redeemable at their site. Click the blue button to reveal and copy this discount code. Enter this code in the promo code entry box during checkout at catherines.com. Your discount should be applied.
Catherines has an offer code available for 15% Off Your Shopping Cart with Code at Catherines (Site-Wide). Click the blue button to copy this promo code to your clipboard. Then, place your items in your shopping cart at catherines.com. Finally, enter the code in the coupon code box during the checkout process, and your savings will be applied.
Click to save at Catherines. This store is offering Added Today: $25 Off Your Shopping Cart with Code of $75 or More at Catherines – Expires Soon, redeemable at catherines.com. Open the promo code by clicking the blue button. The code will be copied to your clipboard so you can use it during checkout at catherines.com.
Catherines has a deal running for 20% Off Your Entire Purchase at Catherines (Site-Wide) on their shopping site. Click the button to navigate to the discount page. This deal can be redeemed at catherines.com. Coupon code not required for this offer.
Save at Catherines with the following offer: Save 15% Off Your Order With Catherines Credit Card Account. Click to open this deal. You'll be directed to catherines.com where you can complete your shopping and redeem your discount. No promo code is needed for this promotion.
Save at Catherines with the following offer: Buy One Get One 50% Off Suprema Cotton Clothing at Catherines. Click to open this deal. You'll be directed to catherines.com where you can complete your shopping and redeem your discount. No promo code is needed for this promotion.
Save at Catherines with the following offer: Save 40% Off on Select Tops at Catherines. Click to open this deal. You'll be directed to catherines.com where you can complete your shopping and redeem your discount. No promo code is needed for this promotion.
Catherines has a deal running for Save Up to 35% Off on Select Items at Catherines on their shopping site. Click the button to navigate to the discount page. This deal can be redeemed at catherines.com. Coupon code not required for this offer.
Save at Catherines with the following offer: 30% Off Clearance at Catherines. Click to open this deal. You'll be directed to catherines.com where you can complete your shopping and redeem your discount. No promo code is needed for this promotion.
Catherines has a discount code for $25 Off Your Shopping Cart with Code of $75 or More at Catherines running on catherines.com. Click the blue button to open and view this promo code, the code will be automatically copied to your clipboard. Remember to enter this code when you're checking out at catherines.com.
Catherines has a discount code for $25 Off on Orders Over $75 at Catherines running on catherines.com. Click the blue button to open and view this promo code, the code will be automatically copied to your clipboard. Remember to enter this code when you're checking out at catherines.com.
Catherines is running an offer code for 40% Off Bottoms at Catherines, redeemable at their site. Click the blue button to reveal and copy this discount code. Enter this code in the promo code entry box during checkout at catherines.com. Your discount should be applied.
Click to save at Catherines. This store is offering $25 Off Your Shopping Cart with Code of $75 or More at Catherines, redeemable at catherines.com. Open the promo code by clicking the blue button. The code will be copied to your clipboard so you can use it during checkout at catherines.com.
Catherines has an offer code available for $40 Off Orders Over $150 at Catherines. Click the blue button to copy this promo code to your clipboard. Then, place your items in your shopping cart at catherines.com. Finally, enter the code in the coupon code box during the checkout process, and your savings will be applied.
Catherines has an offer code available for $10 Off When You Spend $25 or More. Click the blue button to copy this promo code to your clipboard. Then, place your items in your shopping cart at catherines.com. Finally, enter the code in the coupon code box during the checkout process, and your savings will be applied.
Catherines is running an offer code for $10.00 Off Your Shopping Cart with Code of $25.00 or More at Catherines, redeemable at their site. Click the blue button to reveal and copy this discount code. Enter this code in the promo code entry box during checkout at catherines.com. Your discount should be applied.
Save at Catherines with the following offer: Added Today: Buy One Get One 50% Off Apparel and Accessories at Catherines. Click to open this deal. You'll be directed to catherines.com where you can complete your shopping and redeem your discount. No promo code is needed for this promotion.
Would you recommend Catherines to friends & family?
Catherines competes in the Plus Size Clothing industry and offers promo codes and coupons for discounts on its website. The company last offered a coupon on April 19, 2019 and currently has 44 active promo codes and coupons on its website. Catherines may offer additional promotional codes and discount offers on its Facebook, Twitter, or Instagram pages, or via its own homepage.
Catherines offers free shipping all the time on their website. This means you can get a free shipping discount at catherines.com without a promo code. See their shipping policies page for more details on shipping rates and discounts.
Catherines has its own official coupons page. You can find the latest promotions and discounts for Catherines via their website, and their corporate coupons page.
Catherines maintains its own sales and clearance page. You can find current sales and clearance items for Catherines on their own website at their clearance and discounts page.
Catherines accepts competitor coupons on catherines.com. This means that you can use coupons for competing websites for discounts on Catherines' site. Learn more about their competitor's coupons policy here.
You've come this far to get your Catherines discount, but how do you actually redeem your code?
Step 1: First, locate your desired Catherines promo code here on this page.
Step 2: You'll then click the blue button to get the code. This opens a new tab which will take you to Catherines' e-commerce site. Best of all, BluePromoCode will automatically copy the offer code to your clipboard, so you don't need to remember it.
Step 4: Now comes the tricky part. As you go through the checkout process, look for a little text box that says "Discount Code" or "Promo Code." This box will usually appear in one of the checkout steps on Catherines' site. Once you find the promo code box, simply press "CTRL + V" or "Command + V" on your keyboard to paste the discount code into the box, then click "Enter" or "Redeem."
Step 5: Look for a confirmation message from Catherines saying your discount has been applied to your order. You should see the dollar amount saved in the area where your order is summarized.
Step 6: If the code did not work, it may be because certain items in your cart may be excluded from the discount code you entered. In this case, read the message from Catherines and try to change your items to match the promo code's requirements. You can also return to this page and locate a different code.
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0.998888 |
I want to add a JS confirm box to a User Action created on the Nuxeo Studio, it's possible ?
I found how to do that : 1. Install on your platform the "Exporer plugin" 2. Browse your distribution => org.nuxeo.misc => studio.extensions.name-of-your-project => Contribution => actions 3. Find your User Action name you put on the Studio and copy the XML into a new XML Extensions. 4. Add a confirm action on your definition like : confirm="return confirm('Do you want to confirm ?');" That's all, you can now redeploy your project on your platform.
Find your User Action name you put on the Studio and copy the XML into a new XML Extensions.
That's all, you can now redeploy your project on your platform.
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