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Is it safe to drink bottled water? I heard the plastic may cause chemicals in the water.
Experts aren't sure that plastic bottles are safe, so choose an alternative when possible. Although there's no conclusive evidence chemicals in these disposable bottles transfer into the water, experts say the possible health risks are big enough to make you think twice. One danger is that they may be made with a chemical called bisphenol-A (BPA): It behaves like estrogen and can disturb the endocrine system. There's no way to know if a disposable water bottle contains it, but scientists know one type of bottle does: The reusable, hard plastic kind, usually found in sporting goods stores for hikers, bikers, or weekend soccer players. Rodents exposed to similar doses of the chemicals as humans receive when they drink from these bottles had higher rates of breast cancer, early onset puberty, reduced sperm counts, and neurological disorders, found a 2006 review of 700 studies by the NIEHS.
Bottled water is convenient, but if the unknowns worry you, switch to tap water (filtered, if you prefer), and replace your sports bottle with a stainless-steel version ($17.95; kleankanteen.com).
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When you are about to exercise, you shouldn't wear old, worn-out shoes. A vast majority of foot issues develop as a result of wearing shoes that do not fit correctly. The most important things to look for when shoe shopping are proper fit and proper support. Shoes that have proper support will stabilize your feet and help prevent fatigue. You should also look for shoes that have cushioning. Investing in a good pair of shoes is important for your feet’s health because it will prevent injuries in the future.
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A lace knitters dream. a 3-ply lambswool yarn - knit singly, it works up singly for a combweb shawl, or knit in multiples for a variety of weights and textures. Featured extensively in Victorian Lace Today, this yarn is delightful - luxurious, light, and the colors are phenomenal - at a whopping 825 yards a skein, a scarf can be done with one, a lovely shawl with two - and with a beautifully gift boxed set of four - you can go where your imagination takes you!
Alpacas are members of the Camelid family, which also includes llamas, vicuñas, guanacos and the "Old World" dromedary and Bactrian camels. Alpacas are ruminants with three stomach compartments which efficiently convert grass and hay into energy. Their padded feet with two toes each have little impact on the ground as they graze, making them friendly to the environment. Their communal dung piles make collection and composting into rich fertilizer easy. Alpacas communicate using body language and sounds. The most common sound is a soft hum, although they use others, including a clucking sound and an alarm call. Alpacas usually live to be 15 to 25 years old, are about 3 feet tall at the withers and usually weigh between 110 and 175 pounds. Baby alpacas are called crias, and usually weigh between 14 and 20 pounds at birth. The gestation period for a female alpaca is about 340 days (almost a year) and twins are rare. Two breeds of alpacas are recognized by their different fleece types: huacayas, which make up most of the North American herd, and suris. Huacayas have fluffy, crimpy fiber, while the more lustrous straight fiber of the suri hangs down in long tight locks.
What is baby alpaca yarn?
Baby alpaca fiber typically comes from the first shearing of an alpaca, giving you the softest, most beautiful fiber the animal may ever produce.
Alpacas, llamas, vicuñas and guanacos come from South America, primarily Bolivia, Chile and Peru. It is thought that alpacas were originally domesticated from vicuñas in the Andean highlands of Peru more than 6,000 years ago. During the 11th and 12th centuries, alpacas were revered by the Incas, whose husbandry was very sophisticated. The animals were highly selected for abundant fine fiber, and evidence suggests that the quality of fiber then was superior to today's. These years of sophisticated breeding were interrupted by the Spanish conquest of the Incas in the 16th century, when alpacas that were not slaughtered were driven to the higher elevations of Peru and Bolivia, the "altiplano". In the 1800's, alpaca fiber was discovered by the English, and it has been an important worldwide commodity ever since. Peru produces about 90% of the world's alpaca fiber today.
Alpaca fiber is valuable because of its many positive attributes and relative scarcity. It is as soft as cashmere, more durable than merino wool, fine, lightweight and lustrous. Alpacas come in 22 recognized natural colors with many variations and blends, more than any other fiber producing animal. Each year, an adult alpaca produces an average of five to eight pounds of fiber. In North America, alpaca fiber used to be sold almost exclusively to hand-spinners because there were not enough alpacas to make commercial processing economically viable. This changed in 1998, however, when breeders from all over North America formed the Alpaca Fiber Cooperative of North America, Inc. (AFCNA) to pool and process fiber each year.
Alpacas are a growing part of the modern U.S. agricultural scene; breeding them is gaining popularity as a home business. Alpacas are also used as pets and 4H animals as well as for their luxury fiber. They are easy to train and care for, and are generally healthy and hardy, requiring only basic shelter, shearing, worming and annual vaccinations. Although most breeders enjoy daily contact with their animals, some people buy alpacas and board them with another breeder. Some people show their alpacas in showmanship, halter, obstacle and fleece classes. Alpacas are also used to demonstrate agility or the use of fiber at fairs and other exhibitions. They are excellent for PR and community service, such as visiting schools or nursing homes. They're shy, but generally well-mannered, and their charm and great looks bring smiles to everyone's faces.
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Kenneth T. Rowe during a visit to Finland in 1960.
Kenneth Thorpe Rowe (1900–1988) was a professor at the University of Michigan. Rowe taught Shakespeare and modern drama, but was best known as an influential teacher of playwriting.
Rowe regarded playwriting not as a mystical experience, but as a craft that could be understood and analyzed; he had remarkable insight into how a writer could construct a play with an eye toward the most effective development of plot and emotion. Across the span of six decades at Michigan, he taught and inspired legions of notable students, including Josh Greenfeld, Lawrence Kasdan, Dennis McIntyre, Robert McKee, Arthur Miller, Davi Napoleon (aka Davida Skurnick), Betty Smith, and Milan Stitt.
Professor Rowe began his playwriting seminar each semester by asking his students to read "The Poetics" by Aristotle. He then taught them how to identify the workings of classic structure. In Rowe's view, all successful plays built dramatically from an "attack" (the introduction of a conflict) through a crisis and finally to a resolution. He applied his methods even to modern plays that were not unified in time and place; it was Rowe's contention that even non-realistic plays had the classic underlying structure.
Arthur Miller enrolled in Rowe's seminar in 1937. He later described learning from Rowe that the theater "was not a carousel one jumped onto but an instrument one had to learn to play." His early plays Honors at Dawn and The Grass Still Grows were written under Rowe's tutelage, and his teacher's influence was evident in the careful structural revisions that Miller made as he revised them over time. Honors at Dawn was recognized with a Hopwood Award at Michigan (1937), while The Grass Still Grows won the attention of a theatrical agent. Thus for Miller, Rowe became "a combination of critical judge and confidant," bringing together a unique "interest in the dynamics of play construction" with "his friendship, which meant much to me.".
Kenneth Rowe's kindness and generosity were legendary and inspired great devotion in his students. According to an article in Michigan Today, Rowe helped Arthur Miller in making his first steps in Broadway by connecting him with people Rowe knew personally in the theater world. When another of his students, Josh Greenfeld, graduated from Michigan, Rowe referred him to Arthur Miller.
"The image of Arthur Miller as a student at the University of Michigan that recurs most frequently and vividly to my mind comes from the spring of 1938, his senior year....I was in my office at my desk....There was a knock on the door, slightly ajar for the spring weather, and I called "Come in." The door swung open, Arthur stepped inside and stopped at the foot of the steps, looking up, eyes glowing and face alight; and that is the picture that is in my mind, the moment before he announced, 'Professor Rowe, I've made a discovery!'"
To Rowe’s delight, Martin and Miller opened the Theater Essays with the following joint dedication: "For Kenneth Thorpe Rowe--teacher, scholar, friend."
The signature of Rowe's written work was his patient explication of the role and impact of each part of a play's structure; his lucidity and insight were evident in his line-by-line analysis of sample plays such as Ibsen's A Doll's House. The passage of time has done little to diminish the book's value in helping a writer address the enduring practical issues involved in constructing a play. The book was re-published in the United States in 1944 and again in 1968.
Many years later, Rowe's second book A Theater In Your Head was published in hardcover. Its aim was to help readers of a play visualize a dramatic production, and it also dealt with problems of appreciating dramatic structure.
^ quoted in Martin Gottfried, ""Arthur Miller: His Life and Work."" Da Capo Press, 2003, p. 33.
^ Arthur Miller, Timebends: A Life. New York: Grove Press, 1987, pp. 226-227. For more detail on Rowe and on Miller's Michigan years in general, see Christopher Bigsby, Arthur Miller (Harvard University Press, 2009), pp.77-144.
^ The Michigan Daily Online - "It's Miller Time"
^ Miller, Arthur. The Theater Essays of Arthur Miller. Edited and with an introduction by Robert A. Martin. Viking, 1978.
^ Martin, Robert A., ed. Arthur Miller: New Perspectives. Prentice-Hall, 1982, p. 13.
^ Rowe, Kenneth Thorpe. Write That Play. Funk and Wagnalls, 1939.
^ Rowe, Kenneth Thorpe. A Theater in Your Head. Funk and Wagnalls, 1960.
This page was last edited on 28 December 2018, at 02:03 (UTC).
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Integrate Conga Collaborate with Salesforce to bring the power of your CRM to your document generation process.
Conga Collaborate's robust integration with Salesforce allows users to create documents from data-driven templates, thereby reducing document creation time, eliminating user errors, and ensuring content consistency. Additionally, integrating Conga Collaborate and Salesforce increases adoption of both platforms, keeps systems in sync, and provides a fluid end-to-end document workflow.
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The following events and venues match your search for “Auburn Tigers”. To sort the list, click on the column header. To find tickets for the given event, date & time, click the tickets link in that row. To find events taking place at a matching venue, click that venue name.
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Talk about the potential fall of Volkswagen is becoming more serious. With the fallout of Dieselgate widening, things look dire for the German automaker. Some wonder if the company will make it out of its self-made disaster in one piece, while others theorize that VW will bounce back stronger than ever. Still, as the implications of Volkswagen’s deceit become clearer, it seems that that outcome will be less-than-favorable for the automaker.
In other words, VW is in some serious scheisse.
According to a recent Bloomberg report, automotive industry experts anticipate the upcoming VW TDI recall to be one of the costliest and most complex ever. To execute them properly, the company might have to establish specialty shops, which alone will consume quite a bit of money.
Volkswagen is scrambling to keep class-action lawsuit hearings in Virginia and Detroit, near current and former U.S. headquarters, respectively. According to the Chattanooga Times Free Press, the automaker doesn’t want cases heard in Tennessee, where its single production facility is located in the country, or in California, for which dozens of attorneys are pushing. VW’s lawyers called such actions “choreographed” and obviously feel that the company won’t get as favorable an outcome in those court systems.
Thanks to class-action suits and government fines, there’s a chance that Volkswagen will have to sell of its less-profitable brands or risk sinking completely. Those brands are Ducati, Lamborghini, Bugatti and Bentley. Many experts believe Chinese investors would scoop the four up quickly, supplying some much-needed cash. The alternative would be to wind down the brands, then resurrect them later.
The German and U.S. governments are working together on the case, according to a new Wall Street Journal report. They’re strategizing about how to handle the situation and the potential for serious economic damage. After all, not many automakers employ more than half of an entire city.
While it might seem inconsequential considering the other problems Volkswagen is facing, it recently lost its perch as the biggest automaker in the world. Toyota clenched the top spot with 7.49 million models sold through the end of the September, edging out VW’s 7.43 million models.
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Christmas is a religious and cultural holiday celebrating the birth of Jesus Christ. It is most commonly associated with family, exchanging gifts and food.
Despite being a primarily Christian holiday, Christmas does have pagan roots. Christmas corresponds with the dates of the roman feast of saturnalia and the birthday of Mithra as well as celebrations centering around the winter solstice1.
The first evidence of a celebration of the liturgical birth of Christ was in 354 AD in Rome, though further east the celebration was traditionally held on January 62. Christmas celebrations fell out of favor after the American revolution because the holiday was considered a British tradition and was reviled by puritans3. In the mid 19th century, however, the holiday's popularity was revived, especially with the publication of Charles Dicken's A Christmas Carol in 18434.
Though Christmas day is December 25, celebrations occur starting shortly after Thanksgiving5. Christmas caroling, music, church services, decorating and exchanging gifts all happen in the month leading up to Christmas. Families typically get together for a feast on Christmas eve and/or Christmas day, whereas friends and coworkers typically celebrate during the weeks prior to December 25. Decoration typically invokes images of Santa Claus, wreaths, lights and Christmas trees6.
Traditions vary worldwide, but typically American homes are decorated with multicolored lights, especially around a Christmas tree. A Christmas tree is always an evergreen, symbolizing eternal life even in the dead of winter7. Gifts are wrapped and kept under this tree to be unwrapped on Christmas day. The holiday season, that is, the time between thanksgiving and Christmas day, involve heightened economic activity. This makes this time of year especially important economically, though there are some economical arguments that assert Christmas is an economic burden8.
Despite this, almost every business is closed on Christmas day, including retail stores and most restaurants. Regardless of religious roots, Christmas vacation is enjoyed by universities and public schools. This vacation generally spans several weeks and is used to separate the semesters of trimesters of the school year.
Parents tell children of Santa Claus, a mythical figure who comes down the chimney of every child and brings them gifts if they had been good the previous year. If the child hasn't behaved well, they will receive a lump of coal instead of gifts9.
Christmas is a significant time economically, as the month leading up the holiday is the busiest time of the year for retailers. In the U.S., it has been calculated that up to a quarter of all personal spending happens during the Christmas season10.
Between November and December of 2004, expenditure in department stores increased 54%, whereas in bookstores this increase was 100% and 170% in jewelry stores. Christmas cards and Christmas tree sales are entirely dependent on Christmas, which sell 1.9 billion and 20.8 million during this season respectively11.
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Summer produce brings to mind juicy heirloom tomatoes, cucumbers, sweet fruits & an over supply of summer squash (aka zucchini). It’s easy to forget that early summer in the North East (and everywhere else with 4 seasons) offers an abundance of roots and greens rather than quintessential summer crops. Roots and greens are ideal foods for detoxing from the sluggishness and stagnation that can build up during winter and spring.
While roasted veggies may feel like a dish designed for the colder months, this roasted beet pesto is the perfect summer delicacy — it is both light and soothing on a hot summer day. Plus it aids digestion and adds a beautiful color to any party spread.
What makes beet pesto a superfood?
– Option 1: Wash and peel the beets; cube them; & lightly coat them in walnut oil. Roast the beets at 375° for 40-50 minutes on a baking sheet uncovered. Allow beets to cool.
– Option 2: Scrub the beets and roast them whole in a pyrex glass pan covered in aluminum foil at 375° for 60-80 minutes. Allow beets to cool. Then, peel the skin away from the beet meat.
– Add roasted beets, roasted pumpkin seeds or walnuts, parmesan cheese, garlic, salt, olive oil, nutritional yeast & lemon juice to a food processor. Pulse until you reach your desired texture (feel free to keep the pesto a little bit coarse or mix thoroughly for a smooth texture).
– Enjoy on homemade pizza, tartines, sandwiches or wraps, or use as a delicious veggie dip!
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Hanoi is the capital and the second largest city in the country of Vietnam. It covers an area of one and a quarter square miles and has a population in excess of six million people. The city can trace its history back over a thousand years to when Ly Thai To, the first ruler of the Ly Dynasty, moved the capital of Vietnam to the location of Dai La Citadel. During the fifteenth century, the Ming Dynasty of China invaded Vietnam and renamed it Dong Do as Dong Quan. In 1428, the Vietnamese were able to oust the Chinese under the leadership of Lo Loi. During the nineteenth century, the Nguyen Dynasty was founded and the capital moved down to Hue. In 1873, the French occuppied Hanoi and became the capital of French Indochina in 1887.
During World War II, the Japanese invaded Hanoi and held it for a period of five years. When it was freed in 1945, it became the seat of the Viet Minh government, but was retaken by the French in 1946. Several battles and skirmishes took place between the Viet Minh forces and the French. Eventually, the city was liberated and became the capital of North Vietnam in 1954. After the end of a bitter war between the United States and North Vietnam, it became reunited with South Vietnam in 1976 and became the capital.
In 2008, Ha Tay province, Vinh Phuc Me Linh district were absorbed by the city. This tripled the size of the city. Today, Hanoi has experienced a period of rapid industrial production, enjoying a growth of over nineteen percent in the past decade. The city is home to eight industrial parks and sixteen industrial clusters. A very strong economic activity of the city is trade. Hanoi currently has over two thousand businesses that are engaged in foreign trade, and the city has established economic ties with over one hundred and sixty countries.
Hanoi is a city that is home to a good number of tourist attractions and landmarks. A popular attraction in the city is the Temple of Literature. The Temple of Literature is a Confucius temple, and at one time was the first university of Vietnam. It was founded in the eleventh century, though there are only a few parts of the current temple which are that old. Much of what can be seen today dates back to the thirteenth century. Today, the temple is considered to be one of the finest historical sites in the city. It features five courtyards and three pathways which run the length of the complex. The most interesting of the courtyards is the fourth one which contains a gift shop and a museum which displays artifacts that belonged to some of the students who studied here throughout its history. Over the years, the temple has gone through extensive renovations, especially during the 1920s and 1950s.
Another prominent attraction in the city is One Pillar Pagoda. One Pillar Pagoda is a Buddhist temple that was built by Emperor Ly Thai Tong during the eleventh century. At the temple a Buddha bathing ceremony was held each year by the emperor and attracted large numbers of monks and worshippers. During the twelfth century, the temple was renovated by Emperor Ly Nhan Tong and a giant bell was cast for it. However, the bell was too large to be installed and was placed in the fields adjacent to the temple. In the fifteenth century, the bell was smelted so that the copper could be used to manufacture weapons to use against invading Chinese forces. During the First Indochina War, French forces destroyed the temple but it was subsequently rebuilt. Today, the temple is a wood structure that is on a single stone pillar that measures four feet in diameter. Its design is meant to resemble a lotus blossom, which is a Buddhist symbol of purity.
The Flag Tower of Hanoi is another prominent attraction in the city. This tower is one of the primary symbols of the city and was constructed in 1812. The tower is made up of three tiers and a pyramid shaped tower. Each of the three tiers have different dimensions. The first tier is one hundred and twenty-seven feet wide and almost ten feet tall. The second tier is seventy-five feet wide and eleven feet tall, and the third tier is thirty-eight feet wide and fifteen feet high. The tower contains thirty-six flower shaped windows and six fan shaped window. The top of the tower is adorned with the National Flag of Vietnam. The tower has three entrances; the eastern door (Nghenh Huc), the western door (Ha Quang) and the southern door (Huong Minh).
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The Queen of England’s favorite chocolatier will be taken over by Italy's Illy brand and apparently will stop supplying its famous truffles to Buckingham Palace.
Prestat, the first chocolate maker which [sic] invented truffles, will end its long-standing relationship supplying chocolate to the royal palace. The change comes after Illy Group purchased the company on 15 March, with hopes to expand premium brands and grow its business abroad. Now, Illy will enlist the help of Domori - also owned by Illy . The Queen – who is known to be a big fan of chocolate – may no longer be able to feast on truffles delivered right to her doorstep.
#FirstWorldProblems - the Queen can, of course, detail a member of her household staff to go to a shop. The article does say the Queen is a fan of dark chocolate – not milk or white.
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TL;DR version: Like everyone, I want to express myself, and I want to control information that describes me. That traditionally involves people, but now organizations have data about me too. Controlling that isn’t easy, but I’m stubborn, so I try anyway.
If you know me, you already know I’m weird about privacy. When I explain it to someone new, they often say, “That’s great! More people should pay attention to that.” Eventually, they learn about the kinds of things I keep private and the kinds of things I don’t, and they get confused. The distinction isn’t always obvious, even to me. I’m not evangelizing – I just do it for myself – but I’d still like to explore the underlying reason, if only out of curiosity.
I’ll start by listing a few things that aren’t the reason. Credit rating. Identity theft. Direct marketing. Safety. Job hunting. Dating. Illegal/illicit activities. Shame. Anxiety. Running for elected office. Something to hide. These are all common reasons people care about privacy, but not me.
I’ve narrowed my reasons down to three things: self expression, control, and data.
First, self expression. We all want to tell people who we are. We want to assert that we are this, that we are not that. It reaffirms that we exist, that we’re individuals, that we mean something. It’s human nature.
Much has been made of how social networks enable this, but they’re just the latest means to the end. The clothes you wear, the things you say, the people you hang out with, and the myriad ways you spend your time all form an outward image for other people’s consumption. They see what you do, and it molds who they think you are. It may be selective and self-conscious, but you’re almost always on display for someone.
I may be an introvert, but I care about this as much as the next person. I want to express myself too, to assert who I am and who I’m not. Writing on this web site is one way I do that, which can be confusing. If I’m so big on privacy, why do I post so much about myself here and elsewhere online?
Well, because I control what I post. Like all communication, self expression depends heavily on control, and control is another natural human urge in its own right. The simple things, the things I express myself, are easy. I choose to say this, not wear that, buy this, not vote for that. All of that is comfortably under my control.
…which brings me to data. For a long time, people had a monopoly on mental images of other people. In the last few centuries, organizations like companies and governments have started building their own profiles of people. My bank knows that I have a certain income (direct deposit), roughly where I live (ATM withdrawals), and who I invest with (transfers to my brokerage). That’s not very extensive, but it’s something, and it can get much more detailed. Other organizations know who you’ve called, where you’ve been, and which web sites you’ve visited, among other things.
Individual organizations like my bank may be limited to a narrow perspective, but if they partner with my telephone company, for example, or my health care provider, they can learn a lot more. This kind of data mining and profiling isn’t news, and I don’t think it’s fundamentally immoral or problematic, especially given who I work for, but it does raise a dilemma. I’m human, so I have a natural urge to control information about me. I know how to control what I explicitly disclose, but I also want to control the implicit information I create as a by-product of living my day to day life, and thus control the profiles of me that organizations build.
Why do I care what organizations think about me at all? It comes back to self expression and control. I don’t need them to think of me in any specific way, but I also don’t want them to think the wrong thing about me, or more to the point, something I don’t entirely control. I don’t have anything concrete to hide, but that doesn’t matter. My urge to control things, in this case information about me, is an intrinsic part of human nature. It’s not a means to an end, it’s an end in itself.
So, can I control this data? To a large degree, yes. First, I can try not to leave that bread crumb trail at all. I buy most things with cash instead of credit or debit cards. I don’t give my name, address, or phone number unless it’s absolutely necessary, and often not even then. I cover the VIN visible through my car’s windshield. I block cookies by default.
When I can’t avoid leaving a trail, I misdirect. I’ve developed a habit of giving fake names and addresses, or when the name needs to match my ID – hi, TSA! – misspelling it. If I absolutely need a credit card, I use an anonymous prepaid card. I use a prepaid cell phone plan with no last name or address. I title my cars and real estate in the name of a New Mexico LLC which can’t be traced to me.
Is there any practical motivation for all this? Not really. It doesn’t get me a higher credit rating, or a better reputation, or frequent flier miles, or more followers on Twitter. It does help prevent identity theft, and maybe some legal liability, but there are much better ways to do that.
It’s actually worse. My prepaid credit cards aren’t reloadable, so I’m constantly buying new ones. I have to keep track of which fake names I’ve used where. “Official” activities like voting, renewing my driver’s license, and buying real estate are fragile, Rube-Goldberg-meets-MC-Escher balancing acts.
The sad truth is, the only real motivation is the principle of the thing. Like many engineers, I’m burdened with an inconvenient personality quirk: if something is theoretically right, I pursue it, doggedly, even if it’s annoying, unrealistic, or downright painful.
To recap: I’m human, so I want to express myself and control information that describes me. Organizations now have data about me, so I want to control that too. That’s not easy to do in practice, but my personality makes me try anyway.
Thanks to friends and family for reading early drafts of this essay.
I am curious about the titling a car with an LLC out of state, does that change registration fees?
I want that orange laptop privacy cover.
You’re not alone in thinking like this. The right to privacy is fundamental to humans as it has always been in nature, you have to protect what is yours.
I have been a victim of identity theft by breaches of security at stanford medical school and my health insurance company. In return for being a victim of what I consider a substantial crime, I was offered a 2 year identity theft protection service.
In a larger context I would argue privacy along other fundamental and civil rights all across the world are being violated by individuals, groups, companies, governments.
There can’t be too many Teddy KGBs on the internet, so out of no where, I’m suddenly having Conversatron flashbacks.
I have always given out fictitious names and addresses to those who don’t really need my info. Recently, I have ramped up a more direct misinformation campaign, getting my name out there with intentionally incorrect addresses and employers. Such fun!
I agree the invasion of privacy that is created with new technology is insane. The craziest part about it….most people are completely unaware of information they are sharing.
Posting this to build awareness. ….
i recently revisited this in a followup post.
Anyone who thinks this entry was too long to read has been ruined by the Internet.
When all your data is permanently on file for the future, you lose control of ability to define who you are. You’re no longer able to speak for yourself in the way that we normally think of, because all the different kinds of data can be used in all sorts of ways – by computers and algorithms, not just people – to create a profile of who you are. It’s entirely opaque to you what’s in it and how it’s constructed, but the effects on your life are very real, and you can’t challenge it because you can’t find it how it was created.
A resource-based economy would obviate all this. No money, no theft, no crime. Communism was not like this. Russian communism wasn’t even communism. Think ‘future’, yo. Like all those scifi movies from the 50s through the 70s that envisioned an enlightened future society. None of ’em had money! And everything was automated. Whoa! Now go and make it so, kids.
Of course: absolute power corrupts absolutely. The people you put in charge of redistributing the wealth are always going to steal it. Read “Animal Farm”.
Now go and make it so, kids.
The last politician who advocated something like that was assassinated by another “lone gunman”. Why dont YOU “make it so”—?
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Diabetes is a metabolic disorder. To know what diabetes is, one should understand the process by which food is processed by the body. When food is digested, a sugar called glucose enters the blood stream, which is a source of fuel for energy. The pancreas makes a hormone called insulin which helps to move the glucose to the muscles, fat and liver cells where it can be used as fuel. Some people have high blood sugar because they cannot move the sugar into fat, liver and muscle cells to be stored for energy. There are two reasons for this. It could be because the pancreas does not make enough insulin or/and their cells do not respond to insulin normally.
Diabetes mellitus is a condition where the available sugar in the blood is above normal levels. Diabetes can be Type I, II or gestational. Type I diabetes can occur at any age, but is mostly diagnosed in children, teens, or young adults. In this type, the body makes little or no insulin and hence, daily injections of insulin are needed. Type II diabetes makes up most of the diabetes cases in the world. The body produces plenty of insulin but cells are unable to use it. It usually occurs in adults, but teens and young adults are now being diagnosed with it because of high obesity rates and sedentary lifestyles. Gestational diabetes is high blood sugar that develops at any time during pregnancy in a woman who does not have diabetes.
If previously diagnosed as pre-diabetes. Pre-diabetes means a high blood-glucose level higher than normal but not high enough to diagnose as diabetes. Pre-diabetes can be reversible by making some lifestyle changes.
High-fat diet and sedentary lifestyle.
The main symptoms of diabetes are excessive thirst and appetite and increased frequency of urination. Other symptoms include wounds not healing, boils, diminishing eyesight and general weakness. Many infections are associated with diabetes, and infections are more dangerous in someone with diabetes because the body's normal ability to fight infections is impaired.
Both type 1 and type 2 diabetes ultimately lead to high blood sugar levels, a condition called hyperglycemia. Over a period of time, hyperglycemia can damage the retina of the eye, the blood vessels of the kidneys, the nerves, and other blood vessels. Diabetes accelerates atherosclerosis, (the formation of fatty plaques inside the arteries), which can lead to blockages or a clots. Such changes can then lead to heart attack, stroke, and decreased circulation in the arms and legs. People with diabetes are susceptible to elevated blood pressure, high levels of cholesterol and triglycerides. These conditions both independently and together with hyperglycemia, increase the risk of heart disease, kidney disease, and other blood vessel complications. It is also said to cause erectile dysfunction and impotence in men.
Anyone who is on herbal treatment should get their blood sugar checked regularly so that the drug intake and herb regimen is balanced and the blood sugar does not fall. When blood sugar becomes very low, it precipitates another crisis called hypoglycemia, which when untreated can lead to loss of conscious, seizure and coma in extreme cases.
The most important factor in diabetes is diet and weight control. Excessive weight makes the body less sensitive to insulin, the hormone needed to control the level of glucose in the blood. Luckily, the food that helps us get rid of obesity also controls diabetes. Eating food rich in fibre helps to reduce obesity and hence it follows that it is good for diabetes too. Dietary fibre helps reduce obesity in various ways. Fibre rich food takes longer to eat and hence satisfies hunger before excess calories are consumed. The high fibre diet is also good for children with juvenile diabetes. Many foods that are high in complex carbohydrates are also rich in fibre and hence are ideal for diabetes. These include whole grain breads, high fibre cereals, fresh vegetables, fresh fruits, beans and corn. Curry leaves have a blood sugar lowering action. Onions and garlics are considered significant hypogycaemics.
It has been found that people who have high insulin levels are much more likely to have low chromium levels. Chromium is a trace metal which is essential for maintaing a healthy heart and also for glucose control. Chromium may also play a role in speeding up healing of wounds. Another element possibly helpful in diabetes is zinc, which increases the potency of insulin, increases glucose tolerance and speeds wound healing.
Exercise is also an important factor in the treatment of diabetes. Regular physical activity is a must in the management of diabetes. Regular exercise tends to lower blood sugar and reduce the need for insulin. In a study conducted at Yale University, it showed that exercise consisting of one hour of stationary cycling, four times a week, had positive effects on insulin sensitivity in healthy volunteers. Their sugar uptake by insulin was 30% higher after exercising. Insulin binding to monocytes also increased by 35%. (The Practical Encyclopedia of Natural Healing by Mark Bricklin) Some yoga asanas and pranayams are also said to help in controlling the disease, as these help you to lead a stress free life.
The jamun fruit has been traditionally used in Ayurveda to treat diabetes. It heads the anti-diabetic herbal drug list. Numerous scientific studies have been conducted on this. The seeds contain a glucoside 'jamboline' which is believed to have the power to check the pathological conversion of starch into sugar.
Dry the seeds, grind and powder and store it. Take 1/4th tsp of this powder every morning with a tsp of honey.
This helps check the excessive conversion of starch to sugar and also helps the inherent insulin in the body utilise sugar better.
The Indian gooseberry plays a vital role in containing diabetes. It is high in Chromium and is said to stimulate the secretion of insulin. Amla extracts are powerful antioxidants. They inhibit digestive enzymes that would otherwise convert starch to sugar, helping to reduce blood sugar.
Mix equal quantities of Indian gooseberry powder, turmeric powder and fenugreek seed powder. A tsp of this powder taken thrice a day with water is said to be beneficial for early diabetes.
Studies have shown the ability of bitter gourd to enhance the cells' uptake of glucose, to promote insulin release, and to make the effect of insulin more potent. It contains a insulin like principle, known as plant-insulin which has been found effective in lowering blood and urine sugar levels.
A diabetic should take the juice of about four or five fruits every morning on an empty stomach. The whole fruit should be used, including the skin and seeds.
The fenugreek seeds contain compounds that may have hypoglycemic activity. The compounds act to delay gastric emptying, slow carbohydrate absorption and inhibit glucose transport. Fenugreek may also increase the number of insulin receptors in red blood cells and improve glucose utilization in peripheral tissues.
A heaped tsp of seeds soaked overnight in half a cup of water softens them and they become less bitter. Next morning, drink the water and eat the seeds along with your breakfast.
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How you will make your dance costumes depends on what type of dance those costumes are for. This could be ballet, ballroom, jazz, tap, or modern dance, among others.
As ballet dance costumes go, well-made tutus are generally too complicated for the amateur stitcher. Generally, tutus are custom-made by tutu companies, whose websites can be found online, or less expensive (but lesser quality) versions can be purchased from dance wear companies such as Discount Dance. So, for your homemade dance costume, you should focus more on simpler options.
For most dance costumes, the base is a leotard or unitard. Generally, these are purchased, but one can also be made with a store-bought pattern. They should be made out of Lycra (or any other spandex), which can be purchased at any fabric store or online. Since this is for a dance costume, the stretchier, the better. Look for four-way stretch Lycra.
For female dancers, once you have your leotard, you can work on what goes over it. This could be a dress or a skirt. For a dance costume, the fabric that is most interesting is something that the audience will see move as the dance moves. A good fabric to use would be silk, which has many different varieties, including silk chiffon, satin, crepe, and organza.
You can use store-bought patterns for your dresses or skirts, which can be almost anything, but you will need to make them appropriate for a dance costume. For example, if it has a straight skirt, you may need to add in slits on the sides, or if it's a A-line skirt, you may need to add in even more fullness if the dancer needs to be able to kick their leg up high.
Male dancers are often seen in just a unitard for ballet or some modern dances. Often for jazz or ballroom dances, they might be in normal men's clothing, such as dress pants, dress shirts, and ties. You may have to make modifications, however, because while dancing, men have a tendency to tear the crotch of their pants, or rip the shoulder seams of their shirts. This can be avoided by opening seams and adding in gussets (small panels of fabric) for a little extra room, which allows for more movement.
Glitz is always good for dance costumes (sequins and rhinestones) because it looks great on stage, and interesting hats and headpieces can help to complete your dance costume.
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Bolivia (also Bolivië; Aymara: Wuliwya, Quechua: Bulibiya, Guaraní: Volívia), complete the plurinational State of Bolivia (Spanish: Estado Plurinacional de Bolivia, Aymara: Wuliwya Suyu, Quechua, Guaraní: Tetã Volívia Mamallaqta: Bulibya) is a country in South America which borders Peru, Brazil, Paraguay, Argentina and Chile.
Prior to European colonization, the Andean region of Bolivia was a part of the Inca Empire — the largest State in pre-Columbian America. The Spanish Empire conquered the region in the 16th century. During most of the Spanish colonial period, this area was called upper Peru. After the proclamation of independence in 1809 followed 16 years of war before the Republic, named for Simón Bolívar, on August 6, 1825. Bolivia has struggled with periods of political instability, dictatorships and economic woes.
Bolivia is a Democratic Republic. It is a developing country, with a medium human development index and a poverty level of 53%. The main economic activities include agriculture, forestry, fisheries, mining and the production of goods, such as textiles, clothing, refined metals, and refined petroleum products. Bolivia is very rich in minerals, particularly tin.
It is believed that the oldest inhabitants of Bolivia Indians are about 13000 years BC and date back to Around 1441 ad. Bolivia is governed by the Incas.
Around 1545 South America was colonized by the Spaniards and, consequently, Bolivia. The nomadic Indians in the lowlands East of the Andes mountains, however, were never effectively subdued by the Spanish. After the Bolivian war of independence was on 6 August 1825 independence declared the "República de Bolívar" (named after the freedom fighter Simón Bolívar). Since then, the country ravaged by wars and coups.
In 1867 Bolivia with Brazil swapped parts of the Mato Grosso and Acre for the free passage on the Madeira, a major tributary of the Amazon River. This Bolivia obtained an exit to the Atlantic Ocean. In 1903, the rest of Acre, when an important rubber area, its independence and joined Brazil.
In 1884, together with Peru Bolivia lost the war of the Pacific by Chile. As a result, the country had to cede the coastal province Litoral (now the Antofagasta region). Bolivia got cut off from the Pacific Ocean, making the Bolivian Navy since then on the Peruvian side of Lake Titicaca exerts.
From 1932 to 1935 was at war with neighboring Bolivia Paraguay. This Chaco War was due to the possible find of oil on the Chaco Boreal, a large sparsely populated Savannah. More than 80,000 Bolivians lost life, partly due to a poor organization and outbreak of diseases and lack of water in the very arid area. Paraguay eventually conquered large areas on Bolivia.
In 1952 a revolution took place. Indians had no civil rights, but the revolution gave their first right to participate. The Tin mines were nationalized and agricultural land redistributed. Presidents Hernán Siles Zuazo and the Víctor Paz Estenssoro held the Communists outside the door and kept the support of Washington. In 1964 took command of the army. On October 8, 1967, was Che Guevara picked up during a CIA-organized military operation by the Bolivian army. Guevara was executed by the Bolivian army.
In 1982 the military power is transferred to a civilian Government. The tensions between the country and Chile came back reflected at the Bolivian gas conflict in 2003.
The country is about twice as big as France and is completely enclosed by five countries: Peru, Brazil, Paraguay, Argentina and Chile. The country borders are a total of 6,700 kilometers long. Half of it is shared with Brazil. Bolivia has no seaports.
The country has three main natural regions. Bolivia is located in the West of the Andes. The highest peak of this mountain range is the Nevado Sajama 6542 meters with a height of. In part covers the country the Highlands of Bolivia (the altiplano), the high plateau of the Andes. Between the Andes and the lowland is a fertile area with wide valleys between the 1000 and 3000 meters high. The East of Bolivia is low country and includes the tropical humid area of the Amazon rainforest and the Dry Tropics of the Chaco to the Southeast. Great rivers as the Guaporé River Mamore and the border go through the Northern jungles of Bolivia and drain into the Madeira. The Chaco also consists of swamps with annual flood and. The Pilcomayo runs here and is a major tributary of the Río de la Plata.
Lake Titicaca is a lake that lies on the border of Bolivia and Peru. This Lake is the highest large mountain lake in the world (3810 meters above sea level). In the West of Bolivia, in the Bolivian Potosí Department, is the second largest salt flat in the world, Salar de Uyuni.
This page was last edited on 21 March 2018, at 14:59.
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Clement Clym Yeobright, a local legend. Eustacia ignores her knocks, and, believing she has been spurned by her son, Mrs. Rolling hills, the quiet grasslands and small but valuable shrubs, the furze bush. All tragedies are due to the stupidity of men and all comedies are due to the cleverness of women. Well, for me, this was just one of those novels. Eustacia, consequently, never has much direction in her life and must make her own way the only way she knows how. It is natural to move on.
When Clym revives, he accuses himself of murdering his wife and mother. Yeobright attempts the long journey back to her home, but passes out and dies on the heath from a snakebite. I have to admit there are horrible adaptations of her work out there, as well, so for now, I'll give Hardy the benefit of the doubt how nice of me, you're thinking and write this off to an uninspired telling of his tale. Over in France, this is part of what Flaubert was up to with his landmark realist novel And in English, the greatest of these radicals were George Eliot and Thomas Hardy. So I finish The Series, like all of them except which I couldn't get for free and I was craving a story with depth, like real depth, a Classic, for me, so I tell myself that pick the hardest book on your shelf, one that you wouldn't pick up on a normal day so my hand automatically goes to The Return of the Native, like it's obvious, duh.
He; his cousin Thomasin; her fiancé, Damon Wildeve; and the willful Eustacia Vye are the protagonists in a tale of doomed love, passion, alienation, and melancholy as Hardy brilliantly explores that theme so familiar throughout his fiction: the diabolical role of chance in determining the course of a life. Thomasin is not drawn with depth. One cannot help wondering if happiness is even possible in this environ or if the heath itself does not eschew human delights and loves. Once more he treats his favorite theme of the mismatched couple with masterly pathos and understatement. Of course, there is some share of tragedy.
Clym - the native himself - returns from Paris back to the heath, because he's a good guy. When she realizes that her goal is unachievable, Eustacia meets with Wildeve in order to ask him for assistance in her flight — the young man, tired of Thomasin and longing for new adventures, elopes with Eustacia, but on their path to absolute freedom, the two ex-lovers sink in the weir. The arrival of the reddleman to the heath is a balm to everyone's wounds and he helps to bring a family together and just when everything seems to be falling apart and coming together, the native, Clym Yeobright, returns, unmindful of how he is going to change the course of everyone's lives. The novel revolves around his mother Mrs. She can never fully escape it.
His use of humor and his patience in drawing up well-rounded, complex characters really helped make me want to invest time in the book. Page 315 As the novel concludes, it is evident that Clym has continued to be known and talked about after the great tragedy. In 2010 a film adaptation of The Return of the Native was directed by. Change, along with the connection between man and his environment, is the most important theme in the novel. I am saying the book focuses too much on plot and too little on character portrayal.
But the more I see of life the more do I perceive that there is nothing particularly great in its greatest walks, and therefore nothing particularly small in mine of furze-cutting. On Olympus she would have done well with little preparation. I both disliked and loved Eustacia. Eustacia Vie is on more then one occasion compared to classical characters of Greek mythology, and even in her death the nobility of her figure evokes images of classical sculpture. Hardy gives a demonstration of his power to tear open and reveal the mystery of the human condition , their enormous weaknesses.
However, he nevertheless creates distinctive and appropriate voices for the characters, including wonderful West Country accents for the supporting characters. Was there ever a more heartbreaking woman than Eustacia Vye? He attempts to criticize the narrow-mindedness of such people, their counterfeit superstitions particularly religious ones. That night, Thomasin, Diggory, Clym and Captain Vye search for the missing couple, but discover only tragedy after Eustacia seems to drown herself and Wildeve dies in the rescue attempt. The Return of the Native illustrates the tragic potential of romantic illusion and how its protagonists fail to recognize their opportunities to control their own destinies. I guess all of our lifespans are kind of phenomenal. So many people have been required to read his works and yet I have gracelessly skipped on by. Wildeve visits the Yeobright house one day, but Clym is asleep.
And your scheme is merely a castle in the air built on purpose to justify this folly which has seized you, and to salve your conscience on the irrational situation you are in. She then moves back to her grandfather's house, where she struggles with her despair while she awaits some word from Clym. Yeobright during her fatal walk home and, in obedience to her wishes, reports her last words to Clym: I am a broken-hearted woman cast off by my son. Clement Clym Yeobrig Can you go home again? I'd like to begin by saying that this was my Mother's. Although he intended to structure the novel into five books, thus mirroring the format, Hardy submitted to the tastes of the serial-reading public sufficiently to tack on a happy ending for Diggory Venn and Thomasin in a sixth book, Aftercourses. In The Return of the Native, Hardy presents a complicated and enthralling character in Eustacia Vye — in other words, a genuine woman as opposed to an idealised one.
But Eustacia also is a shockingly passive character at times, which is unusual for a heroine though perhaps not so unusual in a novel fixated on tragedy and fate. For most of the 1800s, novels were basically maiden aunts yelling at you about your skirt length. In this way Hardy is presenting Eustacia as an idealist, but in my opinion no man could live up to her ideals. Eustacia and Wildeve want to go to Paris, which represents. Obstacles were a ripening sun to his love, and he was at this moment in a delirium of exquisite misery. To some extent, a reader may find themselves hoping against hope that this will come true; the symbolic way in which Clym tries to draw water for Eustacia, thus quenching a thirst she has held.
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There is a strong tendency to overweigh the first piece of information that one comes across.
A further bias is the tendency to overweigh information because we are familiar with the source - Home Bias - or worse still, because we like the source (liking tendency).
In conjunction with this bias, are the ones that overweigh information that is easily available, or that is extra-vivid.
Such an effect is called a primacy effect, because the first piece of evidence is weighed more heavily than it should be.
One explanation of the primacy effect is that the initial evidence leads to an opinion, which then biases the search for subsequent evidence, as well as the interpretation when it is found.
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Why does a person choose one law firm or lawyer over another? Some may be influenced by the money firms spend on acquiring them. Others will conduct research and select a lawyer based on opinions derived from their findings. And others will be drawn to a lawyer due to a feeling of affinity with that lawyer.
Cost-effective client acquisition is critical for small firms that do not have the ability to dump vast sums into a marketing budget. The following are some ways to organically develop a potential client pool.
Marketing to anyone and everyone is an inefficient way to attract potential clients. Instead, identify a group with which you have a relationship, whether it is the same ethnic background, same or similar community and religious groups or groups with which you have a shared experience. By marketing to a narrower group with which you have an affinity, you will also be starting from a position of commonality with potential clients, which is a competitive advantage. Groups will also have focused opportunities to offer your expertise in presentations, workshops, campaigns, newsletter and blog contributions. This will be an opportunity for you to develop a reputation as a trusted advisor for members of that particular group.
Narrowing your target is particularly important if you practise in a popular area such as real estate, business or wills and estates. While there may be countless real estate lawyers in your jurisdiction, you may be the only one that shares a commonality with a particular group. Leverage that commonality to increase your opportunity to be hired.
Most people do not need lawyers every day, and very few actually want to purchase legal services. When the need for legal services arises, however, you will want to be top of mind for potential clients. Developing content for blogs, newspapers and other media can be a way to do this. This builds an audience that slowly develops trust in you. This trust is a competitive advantage that sets you apart from the competition. While this may be a long-term and ongoing investment, it increases the potential for you to stay top of mind for people looking for a lawyer.
Another cost-effective way to attract clients is to provide them with value even before they retain you. This includes creating downloadable content and delivering presentations. Even better, conduct workshops for a small group of people. For example, estate planners can do a hands-on workshop on how to create an estate plan. Workshops provide an opportunity to interact and work with potential clients before they retain you, which can help establish trust.
Sharing content, such as checklists, updates on the status of particular laws and newsletters allows prospective clients to get to know you and become familiar with your work product. This eases the anxiety for them in not knowing what to expect from a lawyer they hire.
Reverse engineer client acquisition by thinking about why a client chooses a lawyer. From reputation, advertising, independent research to pre-retainer relationship, whatever you think it is, make the effort to provide potential clients with an opportunity to get to know you before they even think of retaining you.
I'm a big believer in marketing strategies for any small business. Far too often, companies run into tactics before they what to do, who to focus on, and the most effective channels. When working with clients, I always emphasize the importance of having a roadmap for success.
Do benchers even matter to small firms?
Lawyers are constantly juggling multiple tasks and projects. To-do lists can be so long and overwhelming that one does not even know where to start. This can lead to avoiding doing any task of importance until we absolutely have to do it. It can also result in shutting down and feeling burned out even before we start any tasks. A helpful tool for managing to-dos is the ICE system, a simple and effective method of prioritizing tasks and projects.
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What about a review of opportunities for organisations to support a more sustainable/climate-friendly environment, structured into a "Becoming-more-Green Maturity Framework" (several already exist), in order to materialise and incorporate these Green Maturity levels into actual organisational goals?
http://www.igi-global.com/requests/details.asp?ID=730. "At present, Green has been penetrating into various disciplines, becoming pervasive. Terms like Green Building, Green Energy, Green Manufacturing, Green Technology, and Low Carbon Practice are often visible in daily lives. Green adoption in business or industry, however, is not smooth. Green is often associated with terms like more capital expenditure and less operation efficiency. Thus, while Green is an important matter, sustainability for Green now has to move beyond environmental concerns to a holistic view, over emerging business models, low carbon and clean technologies, technology access and finance, and policy and regulations."
Also consider this software description to appreciate the enormous potential scope of this Green topic... "Notepad++, http://sourceforge.net/projects/notepad-plus, a source code editor and MS Windows Notepad replacement, has the mission to offer a greener environment. By optimizing its routines, it results in reducing CPU power consumption then reducing the world carbon dioxide emissions."
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2.1 Multiple myeloma is a cancer of a type of white blood cell (plasma cell) in the bone marrow. In people with multiple myeloma, a single plasma cell becomes cancerous to form a myeloma cell, which begins to multiply. These abnormal plasma cells, or myeloma cells, build up in the bone marrow, reducing the space available for making normal white cells, red cells and platelets. Normal blood cells are responsible for fighting infections, carrying oxygen around the body and blood clotting. Myeloma cells produce large amounts of one type of abnormal antibody, which does not work properly and is not able to fight infection. Symptoms and clinical features of multiple myeloma include fatigue, bone pain and/or fracture, anaemia, infections, M-protein in serum and/or urine, and hypercalcaemia. The origin of multiple myeloma is unknown and malignant cells display a variety of cytogenetic abnormalities. Multiple myeloma is the second most common haematological cancer in the UK. In England and Wales there are approximately 3600 new diagnoses recorded annually. In 2007, most diagnoses were recorded in people aged 75–79 years. Multiple myeloma is about 1.5 times more common in men than in women, and twice as common in people of African or Caribbean descent. In the UK, the estimated lifetime risk of developing multiple myeloma is 1 in 148 for men and 1 in 186 for women. There are currently between 10,000 and 15,000 people living with multiple myeloma in the UK.
2.2 Multiple myeloma remains an incurable disease, with an average survival of 4–6 years, but it can be treated with a combination of supportive measures and chemotherapy. The aim of treatment is to extend the length and quality of life by alleviating symptoms, controlling disease and minimising adverse effects. Survival after diagnosis can vary from months to more than 10 years. Factors affecting survival and outcome include burden of disease, type of cytogenetic abnormality, age and performance status, and response to treatment.
2.3 In England and Wales the choice of first-line treatment (that is, treatment for treatment-naïve patients) depends on a combination of factors. Most people with multiple myeloma are not able to withstand intensive treatment, such as high-dose chemotherapy with stem cell transplantation, because of their age, other health problems or poor performance status. These people are offered single-agent or combination chemotherapy, which is less intensive. Typically, combination therapies include chemotherapy with an alkylating agent (such as melphalan or cyclophosphamide) and a corticosteroid (such as prednisolone or dexamethasone). More recent treatment options include drugs such as thalidomide and bortezomib. The main objective of first-line therapy is to achieve a period of stable disease (termed the plateau phase) for as long as possible, thereby prolonging survival and maximising quality of life. After initial treatment, most people usually experience a period of remission, but almost all relapse eventually, and some have disease that does not respond (is refractory) to treatment.
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What are the differences between the various goat milk formulas?
The three different stages are based on age and are scientifically designed to ensure that you are giving your little one the right level of nutrition needed for their age. Given that infants (ages 0-3 months) are solely breastfed, they require different nutrients than a bub who is older and able to consume solid foods and drink water. The formulation for each stage is regulated and designed to ensure that all babies are getting the right nutrients needed for their ages to establish a healthy growth and brain development.
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Can a benevolent dictator sometimes be better than a corrupt democracy? If a leader is a good person, and does what is best for the people instead of looking out for his own interests, and everyone is happy, is there any need for a democracy? Have there been any examples throughout history of dictators that have been loved and been good to their people, without killing those who oppose them?
Liberal democracy is championed since it allows for the greatest freedom (why freedom is good, well who is to say, it's just something modern society promotes).
For this reason, people will baulk at any autocratic or even totalitarian system, since there is no guarantee that the government will uphold citizens' rights. I think though that some Roman emperors were benevolent dictators. Or even kings in Anglo-Saxon England, such as Alfred the Great or Edward the Confessor.
What 'good' dictators are there in this modern world?
A benevolent dictator could do good things, sure. Nothing odd about that. What are we supposed to draw from that?
Nothing, I'm just asking a question.
that "liberal democracy" is not what it's cracked to be?
Yeah I think a benevolent dictator would be better than a corrupt democracy.
Mainly because I don't rate "freedom" higher than health care/education/equal opportunities etc.
One of the main arguments for 'independence of the Bank of England' was that monetary policy should not be in the hands of politicians who would make short term decisions to boost their own popularity and chances of re-election which may not be in the best interests of the country as a whole. Some people would also say the same about fiscal policy - governments are prone to borrow now, to finance a spending windfall/tax cuts, to get re-election. If they didn't have to be accountable to the people they would be able to take a better long term view.
I remember when I studied Ted Heath's time as PM, one of the things that got said about Heath was that he would have been an excellent ruler in an autocracy...he was a very effective 'manager' and knew how to get the Civil Service to run the country so that it worked...but he lacked the personable touch and was not very good at connecting with voters in an electoral system.
well hitler got germany out of hyperinflation and terrible economic ruin.
Thats the thing. Dictatorships are usually in the hands of people who want to oppress people. But if they simply want to improve the lives of the people they serve then why have a vote, where an oppressive regime could be voted in?
That doesn't follow from the obvious possibility that a benevolent dictatorship can do good things.
Question's kind of simplistic though. Take whatever you take to be a good policy. There's nothing (conceptually) to stop a benevolent dictatorship doing that policy, provided the policy isn't something like democratic reform or something else that's inconsistent with dictatorship.
So it's in no way surprising that it's conceptually possible for a benevolent dictatorship can do good things. Does it follow from that that benevolent dictatorship is a good system of government? No. Does it follow that we ought try and institute a benevolent dictatorship? No. Does it follow that we ought not be democrats? No.
More argument is needed if we want an interesting conclusion.
I think Franco's legacy in Spain can be thought of as good and bad at the same time. If you look at modern day Spain - The systems, the order and the structure are largely owed to Franco.
Some people say Singapore, although claimed to be a democracy is pretty much a Benevolent dictatorship, but the majority of people don't seem to care, as they' have it good, and theres not even any ethnic cleansing like there was in Hussain's Iraq or Franco's Spain.
Haili Selassie, he was technically a emperor but it's basically the same thing.
The UK ruled under an elective dictatorship?
Is Britain run by a dictatorship of mentally damaged former public schoolboys?
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I have been a vegetarian since birth! Some of my interests include: chess, beat making, mathematics, golf, and poker. I love competing and being under pressure.
What am I looking for? Someone who is an independent thinker, has a witty sense of humor, not materialistic, nerdy, and generally strays away from the norm.
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What does ergonomically even mean? Ergonomics is the study of how equipment and furniture can be arranged so that you can complete work or other activities more efficiently and in a comfortable manner. Ergonomics in the workplace is more important to employers than ever, with the hope that attention to staff well-being will result in fewer absences due to sickness and stress.
Here are some useful tips for arranging your desk in the best way possible, to ensure you have a suitable workstation setup that will hopefully improve your performance.
Maintain good posture - The position in which you sit can make a big difference to your health. Ideally your chair should be adjustable in terms of height, back position and arm-rests, whilst a chair on castors will make lighter work of manoeuvring around your desk. The Orangebox Joy Chair ticks all of these boxes and is super-stylish too.
Avoid twisting or bending your neck - Try to keep your neck in a straight position looking ahead, rather than tilting it upwards or downwards. This will reduce strain and help to prevent pains and stiffness. The 2-in-1 Monitor Riser Tablet Stand with Storage Drawer will help you to place your screen in a suitable position and create an ergonomic desk setup, offering extra storage space at the same time.
Avoid resting your elbows on the edge of your desk - Remember that your shoulders, arms, wrists and hands are all connected, so if one is in the wrong position it may affect the other areas. Keeping your elbows in the right position, without resting them on the edge of the desk will help to ensure that each part of your upper body is comfortable and stress free.
Keep your wrists in a neutral or straight position - Bending your wrist up or down to use your mouse will add strain, which could cause aches and pains now and later in life. Try using a Keyboard Wrist Support Pillow which will allow you to rest your wrist comfortably, in a suitable position that will make computer work a breeze. A keyboard rest will also help you to keep both of your wrists in the correct position whilst you type.
Take regular breaks - Stretching your legs for just a few minutes can make all the difference to the way that you work at your desk. Try to do some simple stretches for your arms and legs, which will help to ensure that you go back to your desk feeling refreshed.
Keep your fingers relaxed - Try not to grip your mouse too hard and type gently rather than frantically if you can help it. Your fingers will thank you, as this will prevent aching and tense hands as you go through the day. You may find that your mouse is the wrong size for your hands, which can be easily solved with a larger or smaller version.
Avoid excessive reaching - Stretching will put strain on your back, neck and arms, so an ergonomic workstation is vital. Organise your desk so that everything is easily within reach or stand up and walk over to the item you need. This will ensure that you get a leg stretch at the same time!
Relax your shoulders and don’t hunch - The more you hunch, the higher the chance that you will have pains in your neck and back. Try not to tense your shoulders and sit back in your chair as much as you can.
There are many more ways that you can make desk life more comfortable. Check to see if there is a health officer in your company who can help you, otherwise pay attention to what your body is telling you. If your body is aching at the end of a working day, then there is likely to be a reason for it, as well as a solution.
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Segment a numeric variable based on a dichotomous dependent variable by using the weight of evidence (WOE) approach (Ref: Siddiqi, N. (2006) ). The underlying algorithm adopts a recursive approach to create segments that are diverse in respect of their WOE values and meet the demands of user-defined parameters. The algorithm also aims to maintain a monotonic trend in WOE values of consecutive segments. As such, it can be particularly helpful in improving robustness of linear and logistic regression models.
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0.870308 |
What goes into making plants taste good? For scientists in MIT's Media Lab, it takes a combination of botany, machine-learning algorithms, and some good old-fashioned chemistry.
A Slice of Bread and Butter for the Gluten Intolerant?
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0.921564 |
Carlos Alberto Gomes Parreira (born February 27, 1943, in Rio de Janeiro) is a Brazilian football manager.
Parreira supports Fluminense, and he has won two important League titles for the club: The First Division Brazilian Championship in 1984 and the Third Division in 1999. About the latter title, Parreira has said that this was personally the most important trophy of his career, even more so than Brazil's World Cup triumph, as the club he loved was facing near-bankruptcy and became very close to extinction at the time. He is regarded as a hero by Fluminense's supporters.
Parreira is noted for having been one of only two coaches that has led four national teams to the World Cup: Kuwait in 1982, United Arab Emirates in 1990, Brazil in 1994 and 2006, and Saudi Arabia in 1998. The other coach, Bora Milutinovic, surpassed this record when he led a fifth team in 2002. He was also involved to some extent with the 1970 championship team for Brazil, which he claims was an inspiration for him to aspire to be a national football coach. Parreira is on course to equal this record come June 2010 as he will guide the Bafana Bafana in the 2010 finals on home soil.
In 1997, Parreira coached the MetroStars of the American Major League Soccer. He also coached Fenerbahçe in Turkey and won a Turkish League Championship. Parreira was also in charge of Corinthians in 2002, which gave him two of the most important national trophies of 2002: The Brazilian Cup and the Torneio Rio-São Paulo, besides being runner up at the Brazilian League.
When coaching Saudi Arabia at the 1998 World Cup in France, he was fired after two matches, one of two managers to be sacked during the tournament.
Parreira repeatedly turned down offers to coach Brazil again between 1998 and 2002 World Cups. In end of 2000, when the team was in turmoil after firing Vanderlei Luxemburgo, he refused the post, stating that he did not want to relive the stress and pressure of winning the World Cup again. There were public cries again to replace Luiz Felipe Scolari for Parreira in July 2001 when Brazil lost two matches to Mexico and Honduras in its title defense at the 2001 Copa America in Colombia, specially after the last minute invitee (replacing Argentina who dropped out one day before the kickoff) Honduras defeated 2-0 and eliminated the favorite Brazil in quarterfinals round on July 23, 2001. Through this time period, Parreira, only stated that he would indirectly assist Scolari in 2002 campaign. After the 2002 World Cup, Parreira took part in drafting a technical report of the tournament. He was named coach along with Mario Zagallo as assistant director in January 2003, with the goal of defending their World Cup title in Germany 2006, but on July 1, 2006 the favorite Brazil was defeated and eliminated 0-1 by France in quarterfinals.
After Brazil's exit from the World Cup, Parreira was heavily criticisized by the Brazilian public and media for playing an outdated brand of football and not using the players available to him properly. Parreira subsequently resigned on July 19, 2006. He coached Brazil to victory in the 1994 FIFA World Cup and was the coach of the South Africa national football team until resigning in April 2008. On October 22, 2009 it was announced he will return as head coach of the South Africa national football team. He announced a verbal agreement with the South African Football Association on October 23, 2009.
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0.999072 |
Legal financing (also known as litigation financing, professional funding, settlement funding, third party funding, legal funding, and, in England and Wales, litigation funding) is the mechanism or process through which litigants (and even law firms) can finance their litigation or other legal costs through a third party funding company. These third party funding companies provide cash advance to litigants in exchange for a percentage share of the judgment or settlement. However, if the case proceeds to trial and the litigant loses, the third party funding company receives nothing and loses the money they have invested in the case. In other words, if the litigant loses, he does not have to repay the money. Accordingly, to qualify for funding with a legal financing company, a litigant's case must have sufficient merits.
Litigation funding is available in most common law jurisdictions in the United States. The process is most commonly used in personal injury cases, but may also apply to commercial disputes, civil rights cases, workers' compensation, and structured settlement.. Commercial litigation funding has become more mature in the United States with hedge funds and marketplaces funding larger commercial legal claims. The amount of money that plaintiffs receive through legal financing varies widely, but often is around 10 to 15 percent of the expected value of judgment or settlement of their personal injury lawsuit. Some companies allow individuals to request more or less money (as needed) and have varying payout rates depending on the characteristics of the case at hand.
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0.938189 |
The Republic of Palau is an island nation in the Pacific Ocean, located some 500 km east of the Philippines. Having gained independence in 1994, it is one of the world's youngest and least populated nations.
The first inhabitants of Palau, probably from Indonesia, settled on the islands as early as 1000 BC. Spanish explorer Ruy Lopez de Villalobos first sighted the islands in 1543, but attempts to settle on or trade with the islands weren't started until the 18th century, by the British. Spain colonized the islands in the late 19th century, but sold it to Germany in 1899. Japan seized the islands at the start of World War I, and gained a mandate over them until the end of the Second World War, when the islands came under control of the United States as a Trust Territory. The Palauans voted in 1979 not to join the Federated States of Micronesia, and chose independence instead. After a long period of transition, including the violent deaths of two presidents (Haruo Remeliik in 1985 by assassination and Lazarus Salii in 1988 by suicide) independence was finally official in 1994.
The president of Palau, who is both head of state and head of government, is elected by the Palauans every four years. The government he heads consists of a bicameral parliament, known as the Olbiil Era Kelulau. The members of both chambers are chosen by the people; 9 are part of the Senate, and 16 of the House of Delegates. The current president is Tommy Remengesau. He was elected in 2000 and took office in 2001. He had previously served as vice president.
Palau's most important islands are Angaur, Babeldaob (Babelthuap), Koror, Peleliu, which lie together near the same barrier reef. About two thirds of the population lives on Koror. North of these islands, the coral atolls of Ngeruangel and Kayangel are situated, while the uninhabited Rock Islands (ca. 70) are situated to the west of the main island group. A remote group of six islands, known as the South-West Islands, some 600 km from the main islands, is also part of the country.
Palau enjoys a tropical climate all year round with an annual mean temperature of 82� degrees F. (27� C.). Rainfall can occur throughout the year, the annual average is 150 inches. The average humidity is 82%, and although rain falls more frequently between July and October, there is still much sunshine. Typhoons are rare as Palau is outside the typhoon zone.
The major ethnic group (70%) among the 19,000 Palauans are the native Palauans, mostly Micronesians. Asians, mostly from the Philippines, form a large minority, and there are some Europeans as well. About two thirds of the population are Christians, mostly Catholics, while the rest practices the local Modekngei religion.
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0.99993 |
Dear all, I have a quation about quantile normalization and NA value. I'm going to normalize the microarray data by "normalizeBetweenArrays" which is the quantile normalization function in "limma" package. I normalized a data with NA as follows: > x <- matrix(c(100,15,200,250,110,16.5,220,275,120,18,240,300),4,3) > colnames(x) <- paste("Chip",1:3, sep="") > rownames(x) <- c("RNA-A","RNA-B","RNA-C","RNA-D") > > x Chip1 Chip2 Chip3 RNA-A 100 110.0 120 RNA-B 15 16.5 18 RNA-C 200 220.0 240 RNA-D 250 275.0 300 > > normalizeBetweenArrays(x) Chip1 Chip2 Chip3 RNA-A 110.0 110.0 110.0 RNA-B 16.5 16.5 16.5 RNA-C 220.0 220.0 220.0 RNA-D 275.0 275.0 275.0 > > y <- x > y[2,2] <- NA > > normalizeBetweenArrays(y) Chip1 Chip2 Chip3 RNA-A 134.44444 47.66667 134.44444 RNA-B 47.66667 NA 47.66667 RNA-C 226.11111 180.27778 226.11111 RNA-D 275.00000 275.00000 275.00000 I asuume the normalized y is a bit far away from normalized y. Does only one NA induce this large effect ? Should I normalize after replacing NA with some value, such as median(x[2,],na.rm=T) ? My environment is limma Version 3.16.6, R version 3.0.1. Thanks -- output of sessionInfo(): Dear all, I have a quation about quantile normalization and NA value. I'm going to normalize the microarray data by "normalizeBetweenArrays" which is the quantile normalization function in "limma" package. I normalized a data with NA as follows: > x <- matrix(c(100,15,200,250,110,16.5,220,275,120,18,240,300),4,3) > colnames(x) <- paste("Chip",1:3, sep="") > rownames(x) <- c("RNA-A","RNA-B","RNA-C","RNA-D") > > x Chip1 Chip2 Chip3 RNA-A 100 110.0 120 RNA-B 15 16.5 18 RNA-C 200 220.0 240 RNA-D 250 275.0 300 > > normalizeBetweenArrays(x) Chip1 Chip2 Chip3 RNA-A 110.0 110.0 110.0 RNA-B 16.5 16.5 16.5 RNA-C 220.0 220.0 220.0 RNA-D 275.0 275.0 275.0 > > y <- x > y[2,2] <- NA > > normalizeBetweenArrays(y) Chip1 Chip2 Chip3 RNA-A 134.44444 47.66667 134.44444 RNA-B 47.66667 NA 47.66667 RNA-C 226.11111 180.27778 226.11111 RNA-D 275.00000 275.00000 275.00000 I asuume the normalized y is a bit far away from normalized y. Does only one NA induce this large effect ? Should I normalize after replacing NA with some value, such as median(x[2,],na.rm=T) ? My environment is limma Version 3.16.6, R version 3.0.1. Thanks -- Sent via the guest posting facility at bioconductor.org.
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0.999833 |
Nothing makes more of a statement than a beautiful chandelier does when placed properly.
They are powerful home decor pieces that require a great deal of consideration when buying. If too big, you could be bumping your head against it when you stand up from the dining room table. If hung too high, it will defeat the main purpose of the chandelier, which is to showcase the entire room it illuminates. If you're wondering how to find the right chandelier, your answer depends on the size of the room and the purpose of the light.
To determine the best size chandelier for your foyer, you want to use your room measurements. For the height of the chandelier, measure the height of the ceiling in feet. The higher the ceiling, the taller the chandelier you want or else it will look too small and unnoticeable. The general rule of thumb is 3 inches for every foot of ceiling height. So a standard ceiling height, which is 8 feet, would use a 24-inch tall chandelier. For the diameter of the chandelier, measure the height and width of your room in feet. Add your height and width together and convert the sum into inches for your chandelier's diameter. For example, if your room's length is 14 feet and width is 12 feet, the sum is 26 feet. This means your foyer chandelier should be 26 inches.
A custom chandelier in the entryway makes a grand welcome for your guests so it is important to get the right size and placement for your light fixture or else it will lack drama.
Suspended, or hanging, light fixtures above the dining room table make for a visually stunning centerpiece and enhances the mood. However, an incorrect sized or poorly hung chandelier can instantly ruin the mood. Because the chandelier will be placed above a table, they tend to be a smaller size than the foyer chandeliers. Ideally, your chandelier should be roughly a foot narrower than the width of your dining table.
Make sure the placement of your dining room chandelier is proper. If hung too low, it may cause a glare, or hot spot, causing eyestrain and discomfort when sitting at the dining room table. If hung too high, you may not get enough illumination from the chandelier to light up the space. The height of the chandelier will vary depending on the height of your ceiling and table. The light fixture should be placed over the center of the table and at least 4 feet away from any walls.
Now you're ready to steal the show with your elegant chandeliers! One more tip for you: assess your room's style and decor and pick your chandelier to match the style. Also, don't be afraid to use additional lights like wall sconces if your foyer or dining room is large.
For more information, or to learn more about residential chandeliers click here or call 888-320-0630.
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0.999975 |
In paragraph 1, what does the author say about the presence of a blowhole in cetaceans?
It clearly indicates that cetaceans are mammals.
It cannot conceal the fact that cetaceans are mammals.
It is the main difference between cetaceans and land-dwelling mammals.
It cannot yield clues about the origins of cetaceans.
It should be obvious that cetaceans-whales, porpoises, and dolphins-are mammals. They breathe through lungs, not through gills, and give birth to live young. Their streamlined bodies, the absence of hind legs, and the presence of a fluke1 and blowhole2 cannot disguise their affinities with land dwelling mammals. However, unlike the cases of sea otters and pinnipeds (seals, sea lions, and walruses, whose limbs are functional both on land and at sea), it is not easy to envision what the first whales looked like. Extinct but already fully marine cetaceans are known from the fossil record. How was the gap between a walking mammal and a swimming whale bridged? Missing until recently were fossils clearly intermediate, or transitional, between land mammals and cetaceans.
The fossil consists of a complete skull of an archaeocyte, an extinct group of ancestors of modern cetaceans. Although limited to a skull, the Pakicetus fossil precious details on the origins of cetaceans. The skull is cetacean-like but its jawbones lack the enlarged space that is filled with fat or oil and used for receiving underwater sound in modern whales. Pakicetus probably detected sound through the ear opening as in land mammals. The skull also lacks a blowhole, another cetacean adaptation for diving. Other features, however, show experts that Pakicetus is a transitional form between a group of extinct flesh- eating mammals, the mesonychids, and cetaceans. It has been suggested that Pakicetus fed on fish in shallow water and was not yet adapted for life in the open ocean. It probably bred and gave birth on land.
An even more exciting find was reported in 1994, also from Pakistan. The now extinct whale Ambulocetus natans ("the walking whale that swam") lived in the Tethys Sea 49 million years ago. It lived around 3 million years after Pakicetus but 9 million before Basilosaurus. The fossil luckily includes a good portion of the hind legs. The legs were strong and ended in long feet very much like those of a modern pinniped. The legs were certainly functional both on land and at sea. The whale retained a tail and lacked a fluke, the major means of locomotion in modern cetaceans. The structure of the backbone shows, however, that Ambulocetus swam like modern whales by moving the rear portion of its body up and down, even though a fluke was missing. The large hind legs were used for propulsion in water. On land, where it probably bred and gave birth, Ambulocetus may have moved around very much like a modern sea lion. It was undoubtedly a whale that linked life on land with life at sea. . Fluke: the two parts that constitute the large triangular tail of a whale2.
正确选项对应文中的：the absence of hind legs, and the presence of a fluke and blowhole cannot disguise their affinities with land dwelling mammals.
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0.999859 |
How to Endorse a Check With "Pay to the Order Of"
For those without a bank account, it can be challenging to convert a check into cash. Personal checks are particularly problematic, because many check cashing outlets are reluctant to cash them. This is especially true with out-of-state checks. Even if you do find a place, chances are you will be charged high fees for its services. However, if you know someone with a bank account, you can follow a simple method to get your money.
Signing your check over for cash is a common procedure.
Contact someone you know and trust with a bank account before you write anything on the back of your check. You may also want to inquire tactfully about his ability to cash the check for you. Many banks require the third party to have at least the amount of the check in his account before a sign-over is allowed.
Write "Pay to the order of" on the back of the check first. This is also known as a restrictive endorsement. This should be at the top of the back, where you would normally sign your name first.
Write the person's name underneath "Pay to the order of." Some financial institutions don't require this step, but it doesn't hurt to do add clarification. You won't be penalized for doing so. Just make sure that you still have ample room for your signature underneath.
Sign your name to make the transaction final. Your signature should go just underneath the third party's name. It also helps your cause to be present with her at the bank teller window. It's not always required, but with both parties there and identification in hand, it's less likely that you will get snagged in payment-delaying red tape.
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0.889264 |
K-theoretic version of Artin-Mazur formal groups?
I appreciate Deligne-Beilinson cohomology as a topological cohomology generalization of de Rham cohomology, which concerns the topological structure of manifolds.
On the other hand, we know that there is Group Cohomology theory, suitable for describing the classifying spaces $BG$ of a group $G$, for example, see ncatlab: group+cohomology and ncatlab: Dijkgraaf-Witten gauge theory.
Is there a group cohomology version of Deligne-Beilinson cohomology, concerning classifying spaces $B^n G$ of a group $G$? What are some key intro References? Thank you in advance.
The nth Deligne cohomology is defined as cohomology with coefficients in a truncated chain complex of sheaves of U(1)-valued differential forms: U(1)→Ω^1→Ω^2→⋯→Ω^n for some n≥0.
Thus starting with an arbitrary Lie group G one can take the truncated simplicial object of sheaves of groups of G-valued differential forms (defined using crystals, for example), and then take the sheaf cohomology with values in this simplicial presheaf.
This defines a nonabelian analog of the Deligne cohomology for any choice of the underlying site: smooth, holomorphic, algebraic.
Note that Deligne-Beilinson cohomology is not really a "topological cohomology" generalization of de Rham cohomology, it depends on additional analytic structure. So one would expect that some additional analytical structure would be required on the classifying space of a group $G$ to have some Deligne-Beilinson group cohomology.
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0.999979 |
Here's an interesting blurb out of North Dakota: the state is considering rolling back its requirements for substitute teachers due to a shortage.
The state has some of the toughest requirements for substitute teachers out there, generally requiring them to hold a full teaching certificate and a full four-year college degree. Most states have pretty lax rules for substitutes, and the practice of putting long-term subs in classrooms and rotating them has been one of the ways states have gotten around the "highly qualified" rules in the NCLB law.
North Dakota's proposal would allow Title I paraprofessionals with a 2-year degree to serve as substitute teachers.
Clearly labor markets differ place to place, but the financial crisis seems to be having an opposite effect elsewhere. This story reports on a surplus of teachers in the Phoenix area.
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0.980629 |
Stinger suits also known as stingers or dive skins are commonly made out of thin elastic fabric such as Lycra, Spandex, Nylon, Polyester or PBT which is the best material you can find providing excellent uva and uvb protection and protect against Jellyfish stingers and sea lice. These suits are available in all age group from girls and boys age 2 and women sizes starting from size XS and covering up to men sizes of 3XL.
A Stinger suit or dive skin can be used in warm and lukewarm waters for swimming, diving or extreme water sports, but is not suitable for cold waters where the water temperature drops below 25 °C (77 °F). It can also be worn inside a diving wetsuit; Most divers will tell you how hard it is to put on and take off a wetsuit made of rubber or neoprene, this is where the thin fabric stinger suit can help, by wearing it first you can easily slide in or take off a wetsuit even when wet.
Stinger suit can also be worn to use when you are out doing your favorite water activities, such as surfing, sailing, power boating, windsurfing, kite surfing, water skiing, caving, swimming or simply seeking protection against the sun UV radiation or against jellyfish stingers. It is very comfortable to wear and most suits include a front zipper for easy wear; some stinger swimsuits comes with back zipper and this is mostly used by professional surfers to avoid contact between the zipper and surf board when paddling.
How to put on a Stinger suit?
This depends on the design. Most stinger suits include a front zipper starting from top of neck down to the waist line. Simply open zipper all the way to the end possible, insert your one leg first all the way down until your foot goes through the leg opening of the suit. Now insert the other leg all the way until your foot goes through the suit other leg opening. With both feet on the ground, hold the suit from both sides and pull up all the way until reaching your waist line and the crotch and bottom parts are firmly fitted. Adjust where necessary until you feel comfortable with how the suit is fitting, than roll or lift the remaining top part of the suit up (mainly the chest, shoulders and arms part), now you can slide one arm first all the way through the sleeve until your hand goes through the sleeve opening while at the same time bringing the suit top part over your shoulder. Do the same for the other arm. Simply zip up all the way and you are ready to enjoy your suit for all type of water sports, or even for walking on the beach.
- Stinger Suits or Dive Skins: are fairly inexpensive and commonly used when diving in water temperatures above 25 °C (77 °F). They are traditionally made from Spandex or Lycra and provide little thermal protection, but do protect the skin from jellyfish stings, sea lice, abrasion and sunburn. New generation suits are made from high quality fabric that offers chlorine resistance and UPF50+ UV cover. This kind of suit is known as a Stinger Suit or Dive Skin. Some divers wear this kind of suits under a wetsuit, which allows easier donning and provides additional comfort and skin relief for those who experience skin problems from neoprene.
- Wetsuits: these are Neoprene and rubber suits that are used in water temperature between 10 and 25 °C (50 and 77 °F). The neoprene part of the suit insulates the wearer. Even though water can still enter the suit, a tight fitting suit prevents excess heat loss because only some of the water warmed inside the suit escapes from the suit.
- Semi-Dry Suits: are a thick wetsuit with better seals at wrist, neck and ankles openings. They are used mainly in water temperature between 10 and 20 °C (50 and 68 °F). The seals limit the amount of water getting in and out of the suit. The user gets wet in these type of suits but the water that enters is warmed up and does not leave the suit easily, so the user remains warm.
- Drysuits: are made of neoprene and rubber and used where water temperature is between -2 and 15 °C (28 and 59 °F). Water is prevented from getting into the suit by seals at the neck and wrists; also, getting the suit on and off normally a zipper, is waterproof.
Exclusive offer: Get 10% OFF your purchase today using coupon code ECOSITE valid for a limited time only.
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0.981921 |
Why does Jupiter have so many moons yet Earth has just one?
Jupiter has about 30 moons whilst we have just one. Why is this?
The inner planets have virtually no moons except Earth that can better be regarded as a twin planet.
only large planets such as Jupiter one thousand times the mass of the earth can hang onto their primeval moons that are the residue of their creation.
Earth does not have a gravitational field strong enough to hold another satellite in orbit. Then there is the problem of our proximity to the Sun, Mars and Venus.
A second satellite would have to be of a sufficient distance from Earth not to interfere with the Moon's orbit. This would put it too close to the orbit of both Mars & Venus which might influence that satellite's orbit. Certainly the Sun's gravitational field would have a considerable effect on a satellite orbiting so far from Earth.
Jupiter has the mass to maintain a far stronger and further reaching gravitational field than Earth. It also has far more space in which it's satellites can orbit, since it's neighbouring planets are much further from it than earth's. The greater influence which Jupiter has on it's satellites and the weaker influence of the Sun's gravitational field at that distance allows Jupiter to have many more moons than smaller planets nearer the sun could possibly maintain.
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0.919629 |
The goals of the North Vietnamese in South Vietnam were summarized in Ho Chi Minh's three-point battle cry: "Defend the North, Free the South, and Unite the Country." This simple cry had much patriotic and emotional appeal, particularly since the U.S. forces were described as imperialists who had replaced the French, the former rulers of Vietnam. In the determination of military strategy and tactics and the political maneuvering to attain this goal, simplicity tended to fade away.
As a result of the Second Indochina War (1954–75), Viet Cong—communist forces in South Vietnam—and regular People’s Army of Vietnam (PAVN) forces from the North unified Vietnam under communist rule. In this conflict, the insurgents—with logistical support from China and the Soviet Union—ultimately defeated the Army of the Republic of Vietnam, which sought to maintain South Vietnamese independence with the support of the U.S. military.
The Vietnam War was really two wars. One was the purely military war pursued by the North Vietnamese Army (NVA) against the military forces of the government of South Vietnam (GVN) and the United States of America. The other war was the insurgency waged by the VietCong political apparatus, an extension of the Lao Dong Party in South Vietnam, using local political cadre and guerrillas. These two wars were part of an overall strategy of the North Vietnamese Lao Dong Party to overthrow the GVN and unite all of Indochina, including Laos and Cambodia, under their control. This dual-track strategy by the North Vietnamese Communists modulated between an emphasis on classic Maoist revolutionary war from 1956 to 1968 to a predominantly conventional war strategy from 1968 until the fall of Saigon in 1975. The more central war was the political struggle waged on the communist side by various specially-created organizations collectively (and inaccurately) termed by the world the Viet-Cong. The individual fighting this war was the man in the black pajama of the Vietnamese peasant. His mission was to steal people away from the government. His concern was almost exclusively control of the people, as distinguished from the big-unit war, where the concern was control of the enemy's army.
The Communists never were able to defeat the GVN pacification program and, indeed, by early 1969, the Communists realized that their plan for a "general uprising" using local Viet Cong units in South Vietnam was doomed to failure and that a purely military solution involving Communist forces from North Vietnam invading South Vietnam was the proper strategy to pursue.
At the war’s end in 1945, Ho Chi Minh, leader of the communist Viet Minh organization, declared Vietnam’s independence in a speech that invoked the U.S. Declaration of Independence and the French Revolution’s Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen. However, the French quickly reasserted the control they had ceded to the Japanese, and the First Indochina War (1946–54) was underway. French control ended on May 7, 1954, when Vietnamese forces defeated the French at Dien Bien Phu. The 1954 Geneva Conference left Vietnam a divided nation, with Ho Chi Minh's communist government ruling the North from Hanoi and Ngo Dinh Diem's regime, supported by the United States, ruling the South from Saigon (later Ho Chi Minh City).
By 1959 some of the 90,000 Viet Minh troops that had returned to the North following the Geneva Agreements had begun filtering back into the South to take up leadership positions in the insurgency apparat. Mass demonstrations, punctuated by an occasional raid on an isolated post, were the major activities in the initial stage of this insurgency. Communist-led uprisings launched in 1959 in the lower Mekong Delta and Central Highlands resulted in the establishment of liberated zones, including an area of nearly fifty villages in Quang Ngai Province. In areas under Communist control in 1959, the guerrillas established their own government, levied taxes, trained troops, built defense works, and provided education and medical care.
In order to direct and coordinate the new policies in the South, it was necessary to revamp the party leadership apparatus and form a new united front group. Accordingly, COSVN, which had been abolished in 1954, was reestablished with General Nguyen Chi Thanh, a northerner, as chairman and Pham Hung, a southerner, as deputy chairman. On December 20, 1960, the National Front for the Liberation of South Vietnam, informally called the National Liberation Front (NLF, Mat Tran Dan Toc Giai Phong Mien Nam), was founded, with representatives on its Central Committee from all social classes, political parties, women's organizations, and religious groups, including Hoa Hao, Cao Dai, the Buddhists, and the Catholics.
In order to keep the NLF from being obviously linked with the VWP and the DRV, its executive leadership consisted of individuals not publicly identified with the Communists, and the number of party members in leadership positions at all levels was strictly limited. Furthermore, in order not to alienate patriotic noncommunist elements, the new front was oriented more toward the defeat of the United States backed Saigon government than toward social revolution.
In response to increased United States involvement, all communist armed units in the South were unified into a single People's Liberation Armed Force (PLAF) in 1961. These troops expanded in number from fewer than 3,000 in 1959 to more than 15,000 by 1961, most of whom were assigned to guerrilla units. Southerners trained in the North who infiltrated back into the South composed an important element of this force. Although they accounted numerically for only about 20 percent of the PLAF, they provided a well-trained nucleus for the movement and often served as officers or political cadres.
By late 1962, the PLAF had achieved the capability to attack fixed positions with battalion-sized forces. The NLF was also expanded to include 300,000 members and perhaps 1 million sympathizers by 1962. Land reform programs were begun in liberated areas, and by 1964 approximately 1.52 million hectares had been distributed to needy peasants, according to Communist records. In the early stages, only communal lands, uncultivated lands, or lands of absentee landlords were distributed. Despite local pressure for more aggressive land reform, the peasantry generally approved of the program, and it was an important factor in gaining support for the liberation movement in the countryside. In the cities, the Workers' Liberation Association of Vietnam (Hoi Lao Dong Giai Phong Mien Nam), a labor organization affiliated with the NLF, was established in 1961.
Hanoi's response to the fall of the Diem regime was a subject of intense debate at the Ninth Plenum of the VWP Central Committee held in December 1963. It appeared that the new administration of President Lyndon B. Johnson (who assumed office following the assassination of President Kennedy on November 22) was not planning to withdraw from Vietnam but, rather, to increase its support for the new Saigon government. The VWP leadership concluded that only armed struggle would lead to success and called for an escalation of the war. The critical issues then became the reactions of the United States and the Soviet Union. Hanoi clearly hoped that the United States would opt for a compromise solution, as it had in Korea and Laos, and the party leaders believed that a quick and forceful escalation of the war would induce it to do so. Hanoi's decision to escalate the struggle was made in spite of the risk of damage to its relations with Moscow, which opposed the decision. The new policy also became an issue in the developing rift between Beijing and Moscow because China expressed its full support for the Vietnamese war of national liberation. As a result, Moscow's aid began to decrease as Beijing's grew.
Escalation of the war resulted in some immediate success for the struggle in the South. By 1964 a liberated zone had been established from the Central Highlands to the edge of the Mekong Delta, giving the communists control over more than half the total land area and about half the population of the South. PLAF forces totaled between 30 and 40 battalions, including 35,000 guerrillas and 80,000 irregulars. Moreover, with the completion of the so-called Ho Chi Minh Trail through Laos, the number of PAVN troops infiltrated into the South began to increase. ARVN control was limited mainly to the cities and surrounding areas, and in 1964 and 1965 Saigon governments fell repeatedly in a series of military and civilian coups.
The North Vietnamese by December 1964 had reached the decision to escalate their reach for control of the south to the third and final phase of Ho Chi Minh's classical theory of revolution. They shifted from guerrilla warfare to a general offensive using major field maneuver units. The formation of the Viet Cong division and introduction of North Vietnamese Army units into the south were unmistakable evidence of this shift.
The United States decision to escalate the war was a surprise and a blow to party strategists in Hanoi. At the Twelfth Plenum of the Central Committee in December 1965, the decision was made to continue the struggle for liberation of the South despite the escalated American commitment. The party leadership concluded that a period of protracted struggle lay ahead in which it would be necessary to exert constant military pressure on the Saigon government and its ally in order to make the war sufficiently unpopular in Washington. Efforts were to be concentrated on the ARVN troops, which had suffered 113,000 desertions in 1965 and were thought to be on the verge of disintegration.
In early 1965, Hanoi had been encouraged by Moscow's decision to increase its economic and military assistance substantially. The resulting several hundred million dollars in Soviet aid, including surface- to-air missiles, had probably been tied to a promise by Hanoi to attend an international conference on Indochina that had been proposed by Soviet premier Kosygin in February. As preconditions for these negotiations Hanoi and Washington, however, had each presented demands that were unacceptable to the other side. The DRV had called for an immediate and unconditional halt to the bombing of the north, and the United States had demanded the removal of PAVN troops from the South. Although both Hanoi and Washington had been interested in a negotiated settlement, each had preferred to postpone negotiations until it had achieved a position of strength on the battlefield.
By mid-1966 , North Vietnam placed its economy on a war footing, temporarily shelving non-war-related construction efforts. As a consequence of the heavy United States bombing of the North, industries were dismantled and moved to remote areas. Young men were conscripted into the army and their places in fields and factories were filled by women, who also served in home defense and antiaircraft units. Such measures were very effective in countering the impact od the bombing on the North's war effort. The Johnson administration, however, showed no sign of willingness to change its bombing strategy or to lessen its war effort.
Communist leadership both in Hanoi and South Vietnam took a hard critical look at how things were going in the fall of 1967. North Vietnamese combat operations had been largely unsuccessful. Despite his best efforts, his strength was declining, and his control of the population in South Vietnam was decreasing. Approximately 40 percent of the population was under North Vietnamese Army control in 1965, but this proportion had fallen to between 15 and 20 percent by September of 1967. Loss of population control meant a loss in manpower, revenues, and supplies. The North Vietnamese and Viet Cong would have to make up this deficit through greater demands on the people still under their control. Such demands would not further endear the North Vietnamese Army to the people.
The January 1968 Tet offensive, whose scope and precise timing the Communists managed to conceal from US and South Vietnamese intelligence, plunged the Saigon government and its adherents into a political malaise that threatened their will to continue. In June 1969, the NLF and its allied organizations formed the Provisional Revolutionary Government of the Republic of South Vietnam (PRG), recognized by Hanoi as the legal government of South Vietnam. At that time, communist losses dating from the Tet Offensive numbered 75,000, and morale was faltering, even among the party leadership.
To break the negotiations deadlock, the party leadership in Hanoi turned again to the strategy of a general offensive and uprising. Accordingly, the so-called Easter offensive was launched beginning on March 30, 1972, with a three-pronged attack across the DMZ through the A Shau Valley.
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0.959571 |
What is Empowered Breath Centric Yoga?
Empowered breath-centric yoga is an anti-dogmatic approach to studying and practicing yoga, wherein practitioners can learn time-honored yoga techniques as well as skills for critical thinking and self trust to develop a satisfying personal practice.
In a breath centric yoga practice, a practitioner uses the biomechanics of the breath to facilitate movement, particularly movement of the spine, to transition in and out of postures as well as to control the position of the body while staying in a posture. A breath centric yoga asana (posture) practice can also be used to prepare for pranayama (breathing exercises) and/or meditation practice. Breath centric yoga often refers to the style of yoga taught by the son of Sri T. Krishnamacharya, TKV Desikachar and teachers of his methods, including Viniyoga, the school in which I trained. Many other styles of yoga offered across the US are “form centric” where the practitioner is encouraged to progress in their practice to create some ideal shape. In a breath centric yoga practice, the function of the posture takes precedent over the form. More simply stated, how a posture feels and what it does for you is more important than what it looks like from the outside.
At the core of Krishnamacharya’s teachings is the principle that yoga must be adapted to the individual, which leads us to what makes this breath centric yoga practice empowered. I believe that the tools Krishnamacharya and Desikachar used can be taught alongside complementary yoga techniques, current exercise science, self-study, and mentorship in developing intuition and personal practice. This integrated approach empowers practitioners to develop exactly the right yoga practice for their own needs, and for teachers to become more skillful, compassionate, and inclusive.
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0.915528 |
I'm confused about the correct playing angle. Can you help?
Just to clear the doubt - It doesn't really matter if you are holding the harp at a 30 degree, 45 degree, or 35.2 degree angle. :) It should be approximately in that range. Holding the harp at an angle really helps in learning single notes, and in getting the deep relaxed embouchure.
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0.936776 |
Mother Brain, as depicted in Metroid: Zero Mission.
Mother Brain (マザーブレイン?) is a fictional video game villain created by Nintendo for the Metroid series. She is a large brain with one eye, who sits in a large jar. From this jar, she controls the Space Pirates on Zebes. She is killed multiple times by series protagonist Samus Aran. Her Super Metroid design was originally milder than its final version, resembling an "old lady living in an apartment complex" when designed by Toru Osawa. This design was altered by Tomomi Yamane, who gave her an overall more monstrous appearance. She has made several appearances in other media, most notably in the cartoon, Captain N: The Game Master.
Since appearing in the Metroid series, she has received positive reception, being listed by IGN as the ninth best video game villain of all time; other web sites echoed this sentiment, including 1UP.com, GameSpy, and Cracked. However, her appearance in Captain N: The Game Master was far less well-received, with an editor for Cracked commenting that the creators substituted humour for a "sassy black woman" voice.
Mother Brain was drawn by Hiroji Kiyotake for the NES Metroid video game. Mother Brain is depicted as a very large brain with cybernetic spikes and a single eye; usually contained in a glass tube which Samus must break to attack it. However, in the Super NES video game Super Metroid, she is seen in a bipedal form. When designing the bipedal version of Mother Brain for Super Metroid, Toru Osawa described what he wanted her to look like as being an "old lady living in my apartment complex." However, Tomomi Yamane added to the design, giving her dripping saliva, foul breath, and a filthy appearance.
Mother Brain first appeared in the NES video game, Metroid, and again in the third Metroid title, Super Metroid. She would appear again in the Game Boy Advance video game Metroid: Zero Mission, a remake of the NES Metroid, which explains what happens after Mother Brain's defeat. The Wii video game Metroid Prime 3: Corruption revealed that the Galactic Federation had constructed biomechanical supercomputers called Auroras, and that there were plans for a "Future Aurora Complex", which appears to be the Mother Brain depicted in Super Metroid. In the trailer for Metroid: Other M, the scene of Mother Brain destroying the baby Metroid is reenacted in an FMV cutscene. Also, the primary antagonist, MB, is an android partially constructed from Mother Brain's DNA, hence the name. Mother Brain also makes cameos in other video games, including WarioWare, Inc.: Mega Microgame$!, Super Smash Bros. Brawl, and Tetris DS.
Mother Brain makes multiple appearances in other media, most notably in the television show Captain N: The Game Master, where she serves as the primary antagonist to the protagonists. She has two minions under her command - King Hippo from the Punch-Out!! series, and Eggplant Wizard from the Kid Icarus series. In the show, she was voiced by Levi Stubbs of the Four Tops, who was also well known for playing the voice of Audrey II in Little Shop of Horrors. This depiction of Mother Brain appears in other media, including the Nintendo Comics System and the Captain N comic books. She also appears in other comics, including a manga based on Metroid: Zero Mission, as well as a Nintendo Power comic book based on Super Metroid.
Since her appearance in the original NES Metroid game, she has received mostly positive reception. She ranked in as the ninth best video game villain by IGN, stating that it would win an ugly contest "hands-down". She was awarded seventh place on a reader poll conducted by GameSpot. She made 1UP.com's 25 most badass boss fights list, the authors calling it one of the most emotionally moving climactic battles in video game history. The GameSpy staff included Mother Brain as one of their favourite bosses; Ryan Scott specifically praised it as being one of the most "jaw-dropping" battles in video game history. Developer Ron Alpert described Mother Brain as being iconic. A brief mention of her is made in an article written by IGN about fellow Metroid antagonist Ridley, commenting that he is the true antagonist of the series. While discussing Mother Brain's possibility as a character in Super Smash Bros. Brawl, IGN editor Lucas M. Thomas comments that while she would not make a good playable character, she could be a quality part of a level. Cracked named her one of the best Nintendo villains, joking that she was the "Osama Bin Laden of space", due to her hiding in an underground lair giving orders to dangerous fanatics. They also mocked her depiction in Captain N, commenting that "for want of any actual comedy, she was given the voice of a sassy black woman, which was an acceptable substitute at the time."
The Boston Phoenix editors Ryan Stewart and Mitch Krpata named Mother Brain the fourth greatest boss in video game history, stating that while she had triumphant roles in Metroid and Captain N, she didn't come into her own until Super Metroid. They cited the overall quality of the ending for why she was so notable in this role. GameDaily listed Mother Brain as the 12th best evil mastermind in video games. GamesRadar editor David Houghton listed Mother Brain as one gaming's most hideous mums, describing her as looking like a "turd on a stick jammed into the top of a long-dead chicken." In explaining why Metroid was among gaming's greatest games, GameSpot editor Avery Score cited the battles with Mother Brain and Kraid, describing the battles as epic. Fellow GameSpot editor Giancarlo Varanini described Mother Brain as "appropriately disgusting". GamePro listed Mother Brain as the sixth most diabolical video game villain, describing the battle with her as one of the most notorious and epic assaults in gaming history. UGO.com listed Mother Brain as one of the runner-ups for the "Miss Entertainment", commenting that she has sadly diminished in her attempts to thwart Samus, though they hope that she returns. Mother Brain is also featured in the on-going GameSpot's All-time greatest game villain.
↑ Super Metroid Guide. Nintendo. 1994. pp. 86–95.
↑ Matt Casamassina (August 14, 2007). "The Return of Aran's Fiercest Enemy". IGN. http://wii.ign.com/articles/812/812862p1.html. Retrieved 2008-02-26.
↑ "Mother Brain is number 9". IGN. http://www.ign.com/videogame-villains/9.html. Retrieved 2010-08-05.
↑ "/features/vgs/universal/tenspot_villainsreader/p7_01.html". GameSpot. http://www.gamespot.com/features/vgs/universal/tenspot_villainsreader/p7_01.html. Retrieved 2010-08-05.
↑ "25 of the Most Badass Boss Fights of All Time from". 1UP.com. http://www.1up.com/do/feature?pager.offset=3&cId=3173294. Retrieved 2010-08-05.
↑ "GameSpy: GameSpy's Favorite Videogame Bosses - Page 2". Xbox360.gamespy.com. http://xbox360.gamespy.com/articles/103/1036217p2.html. Retrieved 2010-08-05.
↑ "Ron Alpert's Blog - Retro Game of the Day! Metroid". Gamasutra. http://www.gamasutra.com/blogs/RonAlpert/20100205/4333/Retro_Game_of_the_Day_Metroid.php. Retrieved 2010-08-05.
↑ Schedeen, Jesse (2009-11-20). "Big Boss of the Day: Metroid's Ridley - Stars Feature at IGN". Stars.ign.com. http://stars.ign.com/articles/104/1048434p1.html. Retrieved 2010-08-05.
↑ Thomas, Lucas M. (2007-12-14). "Smash It Up! - Reader's Arenas - Wii Feature at IGN". Wii.ign.com. http://wii.ign.com/articles/841/841588p1.html. Retrieved 2010-08-05.
↑ Sunsets, Prussian (2010-06-25). "Best Nintendo Villains". Cracked.com. http://www.cracked.com/funny-5560-best-nintendo-villains/. Retrieved 2010-08-05.
↑ "The 20 Greatest Bosses in Video Game History - #4: Mother Brain - Ultimate Lists - Boston Phoenix". Thephoenix.com. 2006-10-13. http://thephoenix.com/boston/recroom/24907-20-greatest-bosses-in-video-game-history-4-/. Retrieved 2010-08-05.
↑ November 26, 2008 (2008-11-26). "Gallery and Images". GameDaily. http://www.gamedaily.com/articles/galleries/top-25-evil-masterminds-of-all-time?icid=aimDBDL3_link1-b&page=14&cp=2. Retrieved 2010-08-05.
↑ "Gaming's most hideous mums". GamesRadar. http://www.gamesradar.com/f/gamings-most-hideous-mums/a-2010031212507737074. Retrieved 2010-08-05.
↑ "The Greatest Games of All Time". Gamespot.com. http://www.gamespot.com/gamespot/features/all/greatestgames/p-61.html. Retrieved 2010-08-05.
↑ "Metroid: Other M Hands-On - Wii News at GameSpot". Gamespot.com. 2010-02-24. http://www.gamespot.com/events/nintendo10/story.html?sid=6251919. Retrieved 2010-08-05.
↑ Sterbakov, Hugh. "The 47 Most Diabolical Video-Game Villains of All Time (Page 5 of 7), page 5, Feature Story from". GamePro. http://www.gamepro.com/article/features/166668/the-47-most-diabolical-video-game-villains-of-all-time-page-5-of-7/. Retrieved 2010-08-05.
↑ "Versus: Miss Entertainment". UGO.com. http://www.ugo.com/missentertainment/?cur=games-loser-bio1. Retrieved 2010-08-05.
↑ "Gamespot's All-time greatest game Villain contest". GameSpot. 2010-08-05. http://www.gamespot.com/greatest-video-game-villain/standings/index.html?tag=content_nav;standings. Retrieved 2010-08-30.
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0.967035 |
Sangria Recipe for Sweet Rose?
I have a 1.5L bottle of a sweet rose wine (specifically a pink pinot grigio) that a guest brought me last summer. It's... not exactly my kind of wine. I've read a few reviews, and apparently it is quite sweet (one reviewers describes it as "cloying") and very fruity (descriptions mention strawberry, melon, and nectarine notes).
Here is my issue: I was thinking I would use it for sangria on Memorial Day, but I can't find the right recipe for a sweet rose. I know sweet wines aren't ideal for sangria (my own favourite recipe calls for a dry Cab Sauv), but does anyone have any suggestions? If sangria isn't the way to go, any other ideas for what to do with this stuff?
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0.999938 |
504? IEP? What's Best for EDS, POTS, and Sensory Integration Disorder? Notes from my Inbox.
I’m working with a family and the child has EDS III, POTS and sensory integration disorder. They are fighting for an IEP, has taken years. Can you summarize an argument for why 504 should be rolled over to IEP, something more from a legal perspective?
Patients with EDS, POTS and Sensory Integration Order can suffer from a constellation of symptoms that make it difficult for a student to successfully access their right to a "free appropriate public education" without the provision of accommodations and services.
Students may have symptoms that make "standard behaviors" -- such as sitting still through a class period, tolerating a noisy assembly, successfully navigating passing periods without self injury, or managing daily attendance -- difficult or impossible.
"Students may have symptoms that make "standard behaviors" ... difficult or impossible."
No matter how it gets done, make sure to get it in writing.
Schools vary on whether these challenges can be met through 504 or IEP. From a legal perspective, it is my opinion that they should have both: 504 should cover accommodations and IEP should cover services. From a practical perspective, many schools provide 504 when only accommodations are needed, and only IEP (with 504 accommodations rolled in) for students who also require services.
However a school chooses to implement the accommodations and services from an administrative perspective, it is important for the student and the school to legally document the framework within which the student should be able to fully access his or her free appropriate public education.
1. Pass to see nurse, social worker, or case manager throughout the day as needed.
2. Pass to keep and consume water and snacks during classes.
3. Pass to use elevators.
4. Pass to leave class early or arrive late, in order to avoid the crowds in the hallways (note, many teachers give assignments at the end of the class; if that is the case, the student would be wise to choose to arrive late to the next class).
5. Exemption from tardy/absence policies. Specifically, students should not be penalized or disciplined for these events. Records should reflect that medical condition is cause of attendance record, so as not to trigger truancy or other escalation policies that are not intended to penalize for medical conditions.
6. Assignment modifications. Exemption from formatives, provided that student is prepared to take summatives successfully. Exemption from late penalties.
7. Test modifications, such as modified test environment, extended time to complete tests, breaks as needed.
8. PE and other non-academic exemptions as needed.
9. Modified schedule to improve attendance rates as needed. Note that students should be placed in courses that are appropriately challenging and with their academic peers. If a student is not able to tolerate a full day schedule, allow student to extend HS tenure up until age 21, until all credits are earned for graduation and/or college requirements.
1. Intermittent homebound instruction. At the start of the year, tutors for each subject will be identified and pre-approved by the school. Student shall be able to access tutoring once absences occur. Times shall be scheduled by student, parent, and tutor with no further pre-approval required for each session, provided that they fit within the metrics defined in the plan.
2. Modified PE; modifications in other classes as needed.
3. In- school PT and OT.
4. Assistive technologies, such as screen readers, dictation software, equipment to transport stuff.
6. Services from Aides, such as assistance scribing, reading, and safe navigation through the school building.
"The exact constellation of challenges and corresponding appropriate accommodations and services is unique to each student"
The exact constellation of challenges and corresponding appropriate accommodations and services is unique to each student. The goal of these services to to ensure that the student is able to access his or her "free appropriate public education." As such, these conferences are ideally collaborative and cooperative, to allow the student to successfully navigate his or her high school career with the education most appropriate to his or her personal development.
Good luck. If you choose to hire someone to help you navigate this journey, I am available for consultation and for participation in meetings with school representatives.
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0.958268 |
Synchronization of neuronal activity is observed in high- and low-level functions of the nervous system. For example, during memory tasks, neural activity in different brain regions phase-locks [1, 2], while synchronized cells in the brainstem contribute to respiratory function . In a two-cell system, network phase is a measure of when one neuron spikes with respect to the other neuron, normalized by the network period; phase-locked systems have a constant network phase, and here we define synchronized systems as those with a network phase close to zero. Understanding how and under what conditions neurons synchronize and phase-lock is important for understanding how neuronal populations function.
Phase resetting curves (PRCs) describe how a neuron's period changes in response to inputs applied at various times during the interspike interval [4, 5]. We use a PRC-based map of stimulus times vs response times to predict if two coupled neurons will phase-lock, as well as how robust this phase-locking is against perturbations; two curves, one per neuron, are plotted against each other on this map, and intersections of the curves correspond to fixed points of the coupled system. Stable fixed points indicate stable phase-locking, while unstable points predict movement around the map. Close, but non-intersecting, curves result in networks that show a preferred phase with some phase slips. The fixed points (or lack thereof) on this map determine the dynamics of the coupled system, but similar statistics of network phases can be obtained from different underlying dynamics. Our goal is to discern underlying dynamic properties of the coupled system when a PRC cannot be measured.
Here we explore perturbation-based methods to distinguish between different fixed point cases that result in similar network phase histograms. Because fixed points determine the network's response to perturbations, we use perturbations to uncover if, and where, fixed points exist without actually creating the PRC-based map. Parameters for coupled, conductance-based neuron models are chosen such that different numbers of fixed points produce phase histograms with similar network phases. When a synaptic perturbation or random noise is applied to one simulated neuron, the resulting trajectory of subsequent cycles around the map plane gives clues to the location and presence of underlying fixed points; different trajectories that point to the same location indicate a stable fixed point, while trajectories that point away from a region indicate an unstable point. Trajectories that only traverse the map plane in one direction are indicative of zero fixed points but close curves. Because biological neurons are not perfectly regular oscillators, we also investigate the effects of noise on the network phase histogram and how it affects our ability to resolve fixed point cases. The simulation results presented here will be validated in experimental hybrid circuits of one Aplysia californica neuron and one computational neuron coupled using the dynamic clamp.
This work is funded by NIH NS54281.
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0.941098 |
For a more detailed description of this product, please read below.
Bioflavonoid Antioxidants is a dietary supplement providing antioxidant bioflavonoids derived from natural sources. Each tablet supplies a combination of citrus bioflavonoids rich in quercetin and its glycoside, rutin.
Bioflavonoid (also called flavonoid) is a class of phyto-nutrients that are potent antioxidants, which scavenge many potentially damaging free radicals. Free radicals are unstable chemicals formed in the body during metabolism and from exposure to environmental sources, such as pollution and cigarette smoke. Free radicals are produced during energy metabolism and are necessary for immune function, but when an excessive number of free radicals are formed, they can attack healthy cells, especially their membrane lipids and proteins. This, in turn, is thought to contribute to a degradation of the structure and function of these cellular components. Another aspect of the antioxidant properties of bioflavonoid is their synergy with vitamin C. Bioflavonoids are also capable of binding to metal ions, which prevents these metals from acting as catalysts in the body to enhance free radical production.
Many bioflavonoids, especially rutin and quercetin, support the health of the body’s circulatory system by helping maintain capillary blood flow and proper vascular permeability, integrity, and resiliency.
Bioflavonoids are also involved in a wide array of other biochemical functions, such as immune function, platelet aggregation, enzyme activity, and the healthy metabolism of collagen, cholesterol, and histamine.
Bioflavonoid Antioxidants may be taken as a dietary supplement for individuals who wish to increase their intake of nutritionally important bioflavonoid.
Adults take one tablet daily or as directed by your healthcare professional.
Afanas’ev IB, Ostrachovitch EA, Abramova NE, Korkina LG. Different antioxidant activities of bioflavonoid rutin in normal and iron-overloading rats. Biochem Pharmacol 1995;50:627-35.
Bors W, Michel C, Schikora S. Interaction of flavonoids with ascorbate and determination of their univalent redox potentials: a pulse radiolysis study. Free Radic Biol Med 1995;19:45-52.
Conquer JA, Maiani G, Azzini E, Raguzzini A, Holub BJ. Supplementation with quercetin markedly increases plasma quercetin concentration without effect on selected risk factors for heart disease in healthy subjects. J Nutr 1998;128:593-7.
de Whalley CV, Rankin SM, Hoult JR, Jessup W, Leake DS. Flavonoids inhibit the oxidative modification of low density lipoproteins by macrophages. Biochem Pharmacol 1990;39:1743-50.
Ferrandina G, Almadori G, Maggiano N, Lanza P, Ferlini C, Cattani P, Piantelli M, Scambia G, Ranelletti FO. Growth-inhibitory effect of tamoxifen and quercetin and presence of type II estrogen binding sites in human laryngeal cancer cell lines and primary laryngeal tumors. Int J Cancer 1998;77:747-54.
Grinberg LN, Rachmilewitz EA, Newmark H. Protective effects of rutin against hemoglobin oxidation. Biochem Pharmacol 1994;48:643-9.
Hertog MG, Feskens EJ, Hollman PC, Katan MB, Kromhout D. Dietary antioxidant flavonoids and risk of coronary heart disease: the Zutphen Elderly Study. Lancet 1993;342:1007-11.
Hertog MG, Hollman PC, Katan MB, Kromhout D. Intake of potentially anticarcinogenic flavonoids and their determinants in adults in The Netherlands. Nutr Cancer 1993;20:21-9.
Hirano T, Gotoh M, Oka K. Natural flavonoids and lignans are potent cytostatic agents against human leukemic HL-60 cells. Life Sci 1994;55:1061-9.
Keli SO, Hertog MG, Feskens EJ, Kromhout D. Dietary flavonoids, antioxidant vitamins, and incidence of stroke: the Zutphen study. Arch Intern Med 1996;156:637-42.
Lee SC, Kuan CY, Yang CC, Yang SD. Bioflavonoids commonly and potently induce tyrosine dephosphorylation/inactivation of oncogenic proline-directed protein kinase FA in human prostate carcinoma cells. Anticancer Res 1998;18:1117-21.
Manach C, Morand C, Texier O, Favier ML, Agullo G, Demigne C, Regerat F, Remesy C. Quercetin metabolites in plasma of rats fed diets containing rutin or quercetin. J Nutr 1995;125:1911-22.
Middleton E, Jr. Effect of plant flavonoids on immune and inflammatory cell function. Adv Exp Med Biol 1998;439:175-82.
Negre-Salvayre A, Mabile L, Delchambre J, Salvayre R. alpha-Tocopherol, ascorbic acid, and rutin inhibit synergistically the copper-promoted LDL oxidation and the cytotoxicity of oxidized LDL to cultured endothelial cells. Biol Trace Elem Res 1995;47:81-91.
Rice-Evans CA, Miller NJ, Bolwell PG, Bramley PM, Pridham JB. The relative antioxidant activities of plant-derived polyphenolic flavonoids. Free Radic Res 1995;22:375-83.
Saija A, Scalese M, Lanza M, Marzullo D, Bonina F, Castelli F. Flavonoids as antioxidant agents: importance of their interaction with biomembranes. Free Radic Biol Med 1995;19:481-6.
Schmitt A, Salvayre R, Delchambre J, Negre-Salvayre A. Prevention by alpha-tocopherol and rutin of glutathione and ATP depletion induced by oxidized LDL in cultured endothelial cells. Br J Pharmacol 1995;116:1985-90.
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0.974317 |
I feel like I'd been hearing vague news that the news jobs report was going to have good news. Instead, terrible news as the number of jobs actually shrinks. Normally in a bad jobs report you see slow growth that fails to keep up with the rate of population growth. More interest rate cuts to look forward too.
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0.961318 |
Search for the best car rental deals in London with carrental.expert!
The history of London spans two millennia, in which the capital of the United Kingdom rose from a provincial Roman town into a thriving centre of trade and influence. Today, the capital of Great Britain is a cultural and cosmopolitan hub, with many sightseeing opportunities in the city and its surroundings. Flexibility is the key to enjoying this metropolis, and renting a car in London is the way to achieve it.
London's Hyde Park is a vast green oasis in central London, covering about 350 acres. This Royal park is ideal for strolling, cycling and skating, and many locals and travellers go there to admire its lush gardens, sunbathe and boat on the lake. The London Aquarium, meanwhile, showcases the diversity of marine life and promotes its preservation. Visit this family-friendly attraction to see sharks, penguins, turtles and rays among many other sea and ocean dwellers. To admire views encompassing the cityscape, the English Channel and north-western parts of Europe, take a ride on the London Eye. It takes around 30 minutes to complete a loop on this super-sized Ferris wheel, and buying priority London Eye tickets may save you time. Culture seekers will love the National Portrait Gallery, which exhibits around 10,000 portraits of illustrious Brits. Among other distinguished people, you will see portraits of Isaac Newton, Elizabeth I and Shakespeare. Besides paintings, the gallery displays drawings, photos and sculptures.
The iconic Houses of Parliament, also known as the Palace of Westminster, overlooks the River Thames in central London. Two tall towers, Big Ben and Victoria Tower, flank this neo-Gothic complex, while the medieval Westminster Hall, featuring large arches, is the oldest part of the Houses of Parliament. To visit an operational royal residence, take the Buckingham Palace tour. During the visit, you can admire lavish rooms decorated with chandeliers and large paintings. The changing of the guards, taking place daily at 11 am in front of the palace, is an unmissable spectacle that attracts visitors from around the globe. An impressive collection of historical artefacts awaits you in the British Museum. It displays incredible objects from ancient Egypt, Assyria, Greece and other great civilizations. Sitting on London's fringes, 20 kilometres along the A3212 road, Hampton Court Palace features opulent rooms, manicured gardens brimming with flowers, and stunning architectural features. A visit here makes for a blissful escape from the city.
London is a sprawling city, radiating from the River Thames in every direction. Hilly in places, the metropolis encompasses many expansive parks ideal for leisure activities, as well as world-class shopping opportunities and outstanding cultural offerings. Due to its well-maintained and clearly signposted roads, many travellers rent a car in London to get around with efficiency and ease. London is also renowned as a gastronomic hub in Europe and indeed the world. Culinary influences from all corners of the globe transformed the local gastronomy during colonial and recent times. While exploring the metropolis, you will find restaurants serving gourmet, vegetarian and vegan specialities of local and foreign origins. Whether you are a fan of English, French, Chinese, Spanish, African or Indian food, you have many great opportunities to satisfy your appetite in London.
In London and the UK, you drive on the left side of the road. Drivers and passengers, even in the back seats, need to wear seat belts. If you need to answer a phone call while driving, make sure you have hands-free technology. Always allow pedestrians to cross zebra crossings and avoid drinking when driving. When you rent a car in London, note that the centre, including Trafalgar Square and Piccadilly Circus can become congested during rush hours, so plan your journeys accordingly. Besides dealing with the congestion during rush hours, you need to pay the congestion charge in the zones marked with a "C" framed in red. In the UK, signs denote speed limits in miles per hour (mph), and if not indicated differently, the speed limit in residential areas is 30 mph.
Fish and chips is a popular fast food consisting of deep fried chips and buttered, fried fish. Pie and mash is another traditional dish consisting of minced meat encased in pastry and buttered mashed potatoes, typically served with gravy. Popular for breakfast, kippers is smoked herring that has been broiled, grilled or sautéed. When it comes to desserts, Eton mess is a simple classic made up of strawberries and whipped cream. Tea drinking culture has deep roots in the UK with the English Breakfast variety being preferred by most people.
British speciality brands of tea make fantastic gifts that friends are sure to enjoy - nothing says classic British tea like Twinings. Complement this with a box of premium shortbread biscuits for the ultimate teatime treat. Other superb gifts that epitomise London include Sherlock Holmes related items which can be bought from the museum at the fictional character's house on Baker Street. Children and adults alike are likely to appreciate anything Harry Potter related. London is a hub for artisan gin production so why not bring friends back a bottle of your favourite that you've tried. Dodd's Gin and Sipsmith are two fine options. If you have friends who like to read, why not bring them back a book about London and perhaps inspire them to visit too? Foyles Bookshop on the Charing Cross Road has a dizzying array of books on the capital, selected by the knowledgable staff. Daunt Book on Marylebone Highstreet is another excellent place to find fascinating books all about the capital.
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0.989739 |
Do I Have Allergies or a Cold? How to Tell the Difference The symptoms often mimic each other. Here’s how to know what you’re suffering from and get the right treatment.
You know the feeling: runny nose, stinging eyes, sore throat. It’s bad enough being ill, but symptoms such as these often leave you asking the question: Am I sick, or is it allergies?
Mistaking one for the other might mean you’ll miss out on treatment options that can make you feel better. The good news? By closely examining your symptoms, you should be able to figure out what you’re suffering from so you can get back on your feet faster.
The common cold, or rhinovirus, affects millions of Americans each year. According to the CDC, the average adult has two to three colds per year, while children often have more. The virus spreads through the air when someone who is infected coughs, sneezes or talks; through direct body-to-body contact; or by touching a contaminated object like a telephone, doorknob or toy.
In my experience as a nurse, someone who is feeling tired, who had a sore throat yesterday and is coughing and sneezing today could be suffering from any number of things.
Once we’ve ruled out a sinus infection or strep, we look at symptoms that specifically signify a cold. This may be whether a runny nose is emitting a yellow or green discharge, which is associated with a cold. We’ll ask if your kids are sick, if there’s anything going around at their school, or if the people you work with or see regularly are sick. This is because we’re trying to determine if it’s a household issue, not an individual allergic response. If it’s the former, it’s likely a cold.
Allergies occur when the immune system overreacts to an allergen in the environment. These so-called allergens are typically harmless to most people but trigger a reaction in those sensitive to them. Allergies, also called hay fever, occur most often in the spring, fall and summer when plants and trees pollinate, and mold grows due to the heat and high humidity. Other triggers include smoke, pine trees and wreaths, which you can find in the fall and winter.
Your specific environment can also contribute, say if you’re allergic to cats or dogs and you visit a friend with a pet, or if you’re sensitive to a material, such as what’s in your carpets or curtains. Some people have mild food allergies. Sometimes, the reaction is minor enough that you won’t be aware of what’s affecting you. If you’re not sure whether you’re allergic to something, or if you have something that’s not responding to over-the-counter treatments, it’s worth getting checked out by a doctor.
When you’re trying to determine what you’ve got, pay attention to differences and duration. A fever and sore throat are not normal for allergies, while those suffering from seasonal allergies may experience watery, itchy eyes, which aren’t produced by colds. Additionally, allergies go on and on and on, and colds simply don’t—anywhere up to about 10 days is a normal duration for a cold, while seasonal allergies can last for weeks or even months at a time, or as long as one is exposed to the allergen.
Once you’re sure what you have, the next step is to begin treatment. If you’re treating seasonal allergies, a short-term course may be all you need. If you know you have multiple sensitivities, your doctor may recommend a year-round antihistamine. You can opt to supplement it with another short-term medication like a nasal spray during peak season. Additional drugstore remedies like purchasing a humidifier or a Neti pot for nasal irrigation can help with allergy relief as well.
There isn’t a cure for the rhinovirus, so you need to treat your symptoms in order to feel better. Stopping a runny nose with an over-the-counter cold and flu medication may help. You can also try an antihistamine to help with postnasal drip and the resultant sore throat. Sinus medicine will relieve pressure in your head. Ask your pharmacist for recommendations. A nasal spray is also shown to help as long as you follow the duration-of-use warnings to the letter. If you find you need to use it beyond whatever’s stated, you should be checked out for a sinus infection, as cold symptoms should go away pretty quickly.
Of course, the absolute best thing for a cold is prevention. Wash your hands frequently and invest in antibacterial wipes and gel for anything you touch including reusable water bottles, keyboards, phones and door handles.
With the right treatments and prevention, you can keep yourself healthy year-round. But if you find yourself headed to the pharmacy to pick up prescriptions, remember to use RetailMeNot Rx Saver. You can quickly compare prescription costs at nearby pharmacies and get coupons to save on your meds—no matter if you have health insurance or not.
Lauren Ewing earned her Bachelor of Science in nursing at Shenandoah University. She’s a certified medical-surgical RN, a dialysis facility administrator and directs nursing student precepting for two universities in Virginia. As a mom, grandma and healthcare professional, Lauren is exposed to all manner of illness. She resides in the beautiful Shenandoah Valley of Virginia with her husband and daughter.
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0.999701 |
Do you have experience defining a customer journey and implementing a customer success program that results in customer advocates? We are actively seeking individuals with Customer Success backgrounds who also have a strong entrepreneurial foundation to own our small and mid-sized business (SMB) onboarding program.
As part of the Customer Success team you will leverage existing resources, including the Customer Advocacy team, to define the post-sales SMB customer journey. After defining the customer journey, you will own the creation and execution of a scalable onboarding program that will take customers from post-contract to customer advocate.
The SMB program will cover all aspects of the post-sale customer journey including transition from the growth team, onboarding, training and more. Your success will be measured on: customer engagement rates, active referenceable customers, account growth and more.
Your average customer is an accountant with a minimum three years of professional experience and at least four years of post-secondary education and maintains a professional designation such as CPA, CFE, CFA, etc. As highly analytical professionals, their work revolves around spread sheets, data conversions and resulting insights. Your SMB program must enable your customers to complete their work with greater assurance, faster than their current process.
This is your opportunity to build a new business unit in one of Canada’s fastest growing AI companies.
Experience using and implementing industry standard customer success tools such as; Intercom, GainSight, AppTrinsic, MixPanel, SalesForce, Intercom, etc.
Preference will be given to individuals with a proven track record for customer success delivery, but a back ground in business, education or a related field could help accelerate delivery methodology.
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0.999668 |
John was born on 21 OCT 1844, the son of James Leeper Woods and Amelia Muse. The place is not known.
He died on 20 JUL 1881. The place is not known.
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0.961214 |
What does the message ‘Please Insert SIM card’ indicate?
This message may appear if your device does not recognise the SIM card.
1. Make sure that you have correctly inserted the SIM card.
2. Clean the metal side of the SIM card with a dry cloth.
3. If the SIM card still not being recognised, please contact your Network provider to ensure the SIM card has been enabled or to check if they have any further instructions.
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0.992149 |
If you can afford it, these locations are definitely worth looking into for a summer vacation home.
24. Sun City Center, Fla.
23. Santa Rosa Beach, Fla.
21. North Fort Myers, Fla.
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0.966969 |
Many people are confused about what it truly means to be addicted to something or what the real drug abuse definition is. What is the addict definition? They may think that because someone uses a particular substance on a regular basis that they are addicted. The truth is that there are different types of addictions people can have. The best addiction definition is when someone feels the need to use a substance before they can do anything else. If a person cannot eat, sleep, drink or do any of their daily tasks without first taking a certain substance, which is a clear addicted definition example. One of the types of addiction is physical addiction. Types of substances people can become physically addicted to include alcohol, heroin and xanax. When a person is addicted to these types of substances they will go through painful and possibly deadly withdrawals if they quit. They can become sick and possibly have seizures from these types of withdrawals. They can break out in cold sweats and become very irritable and irrational.
Another type of addiction is mental addiction. These types of drugs include stimulants such as methamphetamine and cocaine. They give a person a surge of energy and a feeling of euphoria. After people who are addicted to these types of substances quit, they will feel tired and depressed and will not be motivated to do any kinds of activities before they get high. There are no physical side effects to speak of, but mentally the addict will be slow and depressed. These types of drugs release serotonin in the brain which makes them feel happy and optimistic. When they stop taking these drugs the receptors in their brains are damaged and they do not release as much serotonin. This causes them to feel depressed and negative.
Another type of addiction people can experience is emotional addiction. This can come with any type of drug but it is the only type of addiction associated with marijuana. Marijuana can make people feel less anxious and worried, but it is not physically addictive. If someone is used to taking marijuana, they will have a harder time dealing with certain situations when they quit. They may not want to be around people or be in certain situations, and feel like they need marijuana in order to calm themselves down. They may not be able to deal with disappointment or boredom very well and they will start to crave the drug. This is when it goes beyond recreational drug use and it is used to deal with life situations.
This should help clear up any questions you may have of the addiction definition, substance addiction definition or alcohol addiction definition. It can be summed up as someone needing a substance before they will by anything else, perform any tasks or go into any situation.
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0.999964 |
Look at Python from a data science point of view and learn proven techniques for data visualization as used in making critical business decisions. Starting with an introduction to data science with Python, you will take a closer look at the Python environment and get acquainted with editors such as Jupyter Notebook and Spyder. After going through a primer on Python programming, you will grasp fundamental Python programming techniques used in data science. Moving on to data visualization, you will see how it caters to modern business needs and forms a key factor in decision-making. You will also take a look at some popular data visualization libraries in Python.
Shifting focus to data structures, you will learn the various aspects of data structures from a data science perspective. You will then work with file I/O and regular expressions in Python, followed by gathering and cleaning data. Moving on to exploring and analyzing data, you will look at advanced data structures in Python. Then, you will take a deep dive into data visualization techniques, going through a number of plotting systems in Python.
In conclusion, you will complete a detailed case study, where you’ll get a chance to revisit the concepts you’ve covered so far.
Developers with basic Python programming knowledge looking to adopt key strategies for data analysis and visualizations using Python.
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0.942519 |
Home body aches dehydration fatigue health water How much water should you be drinking?
According to experts the body can become dehydrated without ever registering thirst. It's important to sip water throughout the day to avoid developing symptoms such as fatigue and body aches. To determine how much you should drink divide your weight (in pounds) by 2 - this is the amount of water (in ounces) that your body needs daily. For example, a 160 lb. woman should drink 80 oz. of water per day. When spending time outdoors, take mini breaks to drink in the shade. This will help cool the body and prevent sweating.
I drink a lot of water. But not all the experts agree on how much you should drink.
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0.999621 |
Allergic rhinitis is a group of symptoms affecting the nose. These symptoms occur when you breathe in something you are allergic to, such as dust, dander, insect venom, or pollen. What causes allergic rhinitis and how can you treat it? Keep reading.
An allergen is something that triggers an allergy. When a person with allergic rhinitis breathes in an allergen such as pollen or dust, the body releases chemicals that cause allergy symptoms. In other words, allergic rhinitis is caused by the immune system reacting to an allergen as if it were harmful. The immune system is the body's natural defence against infection and illness. If your immune system is overly sensitive, it will react by attacking allergens in the same way it attacks viruses and infections.
Allergic rhinitis is usually straightforward to diagnose based on your symptoms. A health care professional may examine the inside of your nose for fleshy swellings known as nasal polyps, which can result from allergic rhinitis. If, however, the exact cause of your allergic rhinitis is not certain, you may be referred for allergy testing.
Some of the symptoms of allergic rhinitis include: itchy nose, mouth, eyes, throat, skin, or any area; problems with smell; runny nose; sneezing; tearing eyes; stuffy nose; coughing; clogged ears; dark circles under the eyes; fatigue; irritability; and headaches.
According to pharmaceutical company MCR American Pharmaceuticals, allergic rhinitis is not usually harmful but it can be irritating and it can affect your day-to-day life. Identifying the allergen and avoiding it is the first step in managing the condition. MCR American Pharmaceuticals explains that if your symptoms are mild, you should be able to treat them yourself by: + Taking over-the-counter medications: Such as MCR American Pharmaceuticals’ Congestinex PE, Super-Tuss PE, Super-Tuss PSE, Maxifed, Maxifed-G, and Maxiphen. Such medications help relieve congestion and a runny nose. + Nasal douching: Regularly rinsing your nasal passages with saline solution to keep your nose free of irritants.
In addition to the suggested treatment methods listed above, antihistamines work well for treating allergic rhinitis, they are often used when symptoms are infrequent and do not last very long. Decongestants are also an effective solution. Decongestants may be helpful for reducing symptoms such as nasal stuffiness and can help you breathe better. Lastly, MCR American Pharmaceuticals explains that allergy shots are sometimes recommended if you cannot avoid the allergen and your symptoms are hard to control.
Bottom line, allergic rhinitis is defined as inflammation of the nasal membranes and is characterized by any of the following symptoms: sneezing, nasal congestion, nasal itching, and coughing, fatigue, etc. The eyes, ears, sinuses, and throat can also be involved. Although not a life threatening condition, proper treatment measures should be taken.
Established in 1991, MCR American Pharmaceuticals’ products are marketed throughout the United States and sold directly to the general public as well as medical offices, wholesalers, distributors and local pharmacies. The company continues to manufacture effective, safe medications for most age groups.
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0.999999 |
Is the name given to a group of minerals that occur naturally in the environment as bundles of fibers that can be separated into thin, durable threads. These fibers are resistant to heat, fire, and chemicals and do not conduct electricity. For these reasons, asbestos has been used widely in many industries. Chemically, asbestos minerals are silicate compounds, meaning they contain atoms of silicon and oxygen in their molecular structure.
People may be exposed to asbestos in their workplace, their communities, or their homes. If products containing asbestos are disturbed, tiny asbestos fibers are released into the air. When asbestos fibers are breathed in, they may get trapped in the lungs and remain there for a long time. Over time, these fibers can accumulate and cause scarring and inflammation, which can affect breathing and lead to serious health problems.
Asbestos has been classified as a known human carcinogen (a substance that causes cancer) by the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, the EPA, and the International Agency for Research on Cancer. Studies have shown that exposure to asbestos may increase the risk of lung cancer and mesothelioma (a relatively rare cancer of the thin membranes that line the chest and abdomen). Although rare, mesothelioma is the most common form of cancer associated with asbestos exposure. In addition to lung cancer and mesothelioma, some studies have suggested an association between asbestos exposure and gastrointestinal and colorectal cancers, as well as an elevated risk for cancers of the throat, kidney, esophagus, and gallbladder. However, the evidence is inconclusive.
Asbestos exposure may also increase the risk of asbestosis (an inflammatory condition affecting the lungs that can cause shortness of breath, coughing, and permanent lung damage) and other nonmalignant lung and pleural disorders, including pleural plaques (changes in the membranes surrounding the lung), pleural thickening, and benign pleural effusions (abnormal collections of fluidbetween the thin layers of tissue lining the lungs and the wall of the chest cavity). Although pleural plaques are not precursors to lung cancer, evidence suggests that people with pleural disease caused by exposure to asbestos may be at increased risk for lung cancer.
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0.986383 |
Failure of proper tax planning. One of the biggest and most common mistakes that a property investor can do is not doing tax planning properly. In fact, this mistake can even lead to the closure of a business if it's not done the right way!
Ignoring tax advice. Speaking of early tax planning, neglecting to listen to sound tax advice from professionals can lead to big mistakes as well. The law of property and business taxes can be confusing and frustrating but that's not an excuse to ignore them completely when tax season rolls around.
Not claiming tax relief appropriately. On the same tax trend, another big mistake that property investors need to avoid is not claiming their tax relief as a business. Expenses need to be managed and organized properly for tax purposes and so can other things related to the business that can lead to tax benefits.
Neglecting the property itself. It may seem like something that should be obvious, but this can easily lead to bad habits and eventually a neglected property. When this happens, the property can lose its value, tenant management can become too much and things can fall into disrepair.
Cash flow misjudgment. Just how much cash will be coming in each month? Misjudging that number can lead to big problems and potentially having to close down the business.
Going in without a strategy. Finally, not knowing what to expect from the beginning or not having a strategy beforehand will typically mean future problems. To avoid this, having a sound understanding of tax law and property investment regulations is key, along with an actual business strategy as a property investor.
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0.986509 |
Using gpg for encryption, understanding the basic use of GPG for new users.
Recently someone asked me for a GPG or PGP public key so that they could send some sensitive material to me by email. I understood what they meant, but inwardly I groaned because I've just never had any reason to use public key encryption, and had no idea how to create the key or decrypt what would be sent back to me. Looking at "man bgp" on my Linux box didn't make me feel any better, and a Google search for gpg docs didn't immediately turn up anything that wasn't techno gobbledy-dee-geek. Eventually (after I had figured out the basics by trial and error), I did find GNU Privacy Guard HandBook, which probably would have gotten me up to speed a little faster, but which still was more than I needed to know at the moment. This, therefore, is a quick introduction so that you don't have to get a headache from the man page as I did. After learning what is presented here, you can visit the GNU page for more in depth coverage.
The basic concept is this: You generate a pair of matched keys. One of these is referred to as your "Public" key, and the other as "Private". You give the Public key to anyone who asks for it; you can even publish it on your web site. You keep your Private key secret, locked up on your own computer. A document (a text or binary file) can be encrypted using either key, and is decrypted with the other. The choice of which key to use to encrypt depends upon your purpose.
For example, if you want to send me something, you'd encrypt it using my public key. No one else can decrypt it; only my private key will work. On the other hand, I might be concerned that it really is you sending me a message. In that case, you'd encrypt your message using your private key (this is called "signing"). If I can decrypt it with your public key (presumably I somehow obtained that key and trust that it really is yours), I know that the message really came from you.
"Marge (Marge's GPG key pair) <[email protected]>"
Fairly easy for me to remember, but a good, tough passphrase.
Now she's ready to create the public key that she will send to Tom. We assume for the moment that she has a perfectly secure way of getting it to Tom so that Tom really knows it came from her; for example, she physically hands him a CD which has the key on it. She could also publish it on her web page (there's more information about how to do that securely at the GNU Privacy Guard page referenced above) or (more likely), she just emails to him (she could also use a Public Key Server; see the GNU page for more on that). Email is not completely unreasonable: it doesn't matter if someone else intercepts and reads that email, because all it contains is the public key. That key is only useful for sending documents that Marge (and only Marge) can decrypt; stealing it does not let you impersonate Marge. What Tom has to be concerned about is someone forging email that pretends to be from Marge but that actually contains a forged public key: if Tom used that to encrypt his data, and the forger could intercept that transmission also, the forger could decrypt the data (and of course Marge could not!). So what Tom probably should do (if he's really worried about this) is call Marge on the telephone and ask her to read some of her key.
with your key: "Tommy (Tommy Boy) <[email protected]>"
user: "Tommy (Tommy Boy) <[email protected]>"
What Tom did was add Marge to his "trusted" keys- keys that he is sure came from who they were supposed to. As I said, it's not absolutely necessary, and you can read more about it at the GNU Privacy Guard Page.
Tom can now send "secrets_to_marge" with safety: only Marge can decrypt the data.
user: "Marge (Marge's GPG key pair) <[email protected]>"
That's it. GPG is actually pretty simple, and nothing to get a headache over. Please do read the GNU Privacy Guard HandBook for a far more complete treatment of this subject.
See OS X file encryption for gpg on Mac OS X.
Apparently, Alice and Bob are names commonly used for this sort of article. I didn't know that when I wrote it.
does not let you impersonate Marge."
the data (and of course Marge could not!)."
is an excellent geekspeak-free guide for GPG, not only for MS-Windows.
is call Marge on the telephone and ask her to read some of her key."
verifying keys which were obtained via an insecure means.
sure came from who they were supposed to."
Awesome short summary. Just enough for me to remember how to use it. Thank you for post it!
Short and precise composition of GPG/PGP files.Wonderful!
Thanks, followed the steps and was immediately productive. Thanks!
Nice. I was trying some thing more and i got stuck.
But when i list the keys it is showing the keys in its default keyring.
This tutorial is among the finest there are in the UNIX/Linux world. The combination of readability and accuracy is perfect. I got my key generated and started encrypting/decrypting in 10 minutes. Some day all of the useless MAN pages will be tossed in favor of material like this. Mr. or Ms. Lawrence, we salute you.
"In that case, you'd encrypt your message using your private key (this is called "signing")."
No. A signature is a computed summary binary string that uniquely identifies the sender's key, and the content of the email, by creating a validity sum. Usually a sign for a message is only a few 72-char lines long, and it is usually placed in a block near the end of the email. I'm sure that you can edit this article, and put a non-technical explanation of "signing" that is just as correct as what I suggested in my comment.
The only other correction that I would suggest is to explain that you cannot swap your keypair around, making key one public at will, and making the other key private, and then encrypt with the private key. The public key is always the one that you make public, and the private key is always the one that you keep private.
In fact, if you don't get the public key for the person receiving the email, then you cannot encrypt an email to them. This is also true for the person sending email to you - if they don't have your public key, then they can't send you encrypted email.
How do you exchange public keys? Either directly, sending them to each other... or by putting your public key on a "keyserver". You could write another article about keyservers, or you could quickly describe it as a bulletin board on the internet where lots of people put their public keys.
While your article is very good, there are a couple of points that you really "glossed over" at a very high level... so much so that your story of encrypting with your private key and the receiver decrypting with a public key is in error.
Peace to you also, but I have to disagree. The point of signing is as I explained: to prove that the message in fact came from you.
I did not suggest that you "swap keys around" - the point of that section is that I'd use YOUR public key to send you something that I want only you to be able to decript, but you'd use your private key in the "signing" situation.
The reason I wrote this page was because I found other web resources confusing. That doesn't mean that they aren't well written: they probably are for a person at a certain level of knowledge and understanding.
That's the thing, really: we all come at things from different starting points. For some people my post here is too basic, for others it is way over their heads. For some, apparently, it's right on the mark.
That's why I encourage people to leave comments or to even submit a whole new article explaining things from *your* perspective ( see (link) for more on that). How *you* explain something may be exactly what someone else needs.
This is the first time I've understood clearly how GPG basically works. I use it to encrypt my own files, but I've never had to use it to communicate, and would have been at a loss. Now I know how to do that. Regardless of whether some points are debatable, the main ideas behind GPG come through and for average users I think that finding this page will be a memorable event. Thanks very much.
Thank you, Jon and I'm glad it helped you. That's what it's all about - getting our heads pointed in the right direction.
Thanks for an easy to understand article! This is all I needed to use gpg.
In addition to the Alice & Bob names, Eve is also used when speaking about "mitm", or man-in-the-middle. You almost got into this topic when you mentioned someone sending Tom a false public key, pretending to be Marge. Eve, as the eavesdropper, would send Tom a false public key. Tom would encrypt using this false key, Eve would intercept the message, de-crypt it with her private key from the pair that she gave to Tom, and then possibly modify the message and encrypt it with Marge's real public key, and send it along to Marge, assuming Eve could trick Marge as she tricked Tom. Eve is the "(wo)man in the middle" of the conversation.
I happen to have been reading a couple of books recently that deal directly or indirectly with cryptography, and as a result my mind keeps coming back to the one absolutely unbreakable crypto method: the one-time pad. If only that system could be made practical, there would be absolute security, subject to the limitation of identity fraud. Even a quantum computer could not break a message encrypted with a one-time pad. The big difficulty, and what makes it impractical to use the method on anything but a very small scale, is getting the page(s) containing the key to the recipient. It sends the users right back to square one.
Very cool and simple explanation of GPG .
Really simple to understand in a single page!!! Nice one.
Thank you. Your article fit me to a T. I appreciate you taking the time to help newbies.
Thank you for taking the time to leave a comment. We appreciate it!
Great Article!! I was struggling to get the relevant info on web, but for a person like me who has very basic knowledge of security , other articles were too heavy.. This is the best one I have seen so far..
just wanned to say this is a very good tutorial that saves you from loads of troubles. I found it pretty easy and on target.
Thank you for writing such a nice and easy to read tutorial.
The bit of confusion about what it means to sign a message is the difference between "sign" (which includes message encryption) and "clearsign" (which does NOT encrypt the message; it uses your private key to create a hash which can then be decrypted by your public key; the message text remains in the clear). The confusion happens because a clearsigned email begins with the line "-----BEGIN PGP SIGNED MESSAGE-----". Just my 2 cents.
Hi i am struggling in generating keys in windows server 2008.
The username is sunny, so how can i modify this "[marge@apl marge]$ gpg --gen-key". what does ' marge@apl ' means. please help me.
[email protected] or whatever it actually is.
Oh, I see your confusion.
That stuff is just the command prompt. Nothing you would type.
i have generated my keys and want to export my public key. i tried this command "gpg --armor --export [email protected] > mypk"
nothing comes up but when i try this "gpg --armor --export [email protected]" public key block starts and ends with some code in it.
what is the command to export it onto C drive.
can i do a quick test by using my public key to encrypt a file without exporting.
If some one sends me the public key, what will be the file extension? and in order to import it do i have keep in specific directory?
i came across a .asc extension file what is this? In what format does the exported keys will be?
The "> mypk" put the key in a file called "mypk", in whatever directory you are working in.
You could make that any name you like if your brain dead operating system requires such. For example, to have that able to be opened by clicking on it, you'd use "mypk.txt"
Just another example of why Windows is dumb. You won't understand why I say that, but that's reality.
I didn't know GPG. But after reading your article, I know at least 95% how it works. this is very good explanation.
we got my legacy company publi key. My admin imported that and when he run the command " gpg --list-keys " he is able to see it. But when i run the same command i am not able to do it?
Are these keys user specific or role specific?
It can't be explained simpler than this. A great job done!
Mr. Lawrence, thanks for the excellent documentation.
This really helped me set up my encryption.
My issue is that I am trying to automate a process to extract data from an Oracle View, write it to a csv file, encrypt the file and FTP it to our bank.
I am calling these procedures from an ASPX Web Application using VB.Net.
I set up the encryption with a specific User account used for Service Accounts.
When I run the Web Application and call gpg.exe to encrypt the data file, it will work fine as long as I am logged in as the service account and am in the debug mode of Visual Studio Web Developer.
When I then try to run the Web app from IE, the encryption fails. I have not been able to trap the exact results to determine any messages.
When I call gpg.exe I am using a Process that allows me to pass the Service account credentials. Equivalent to "Run As".
I have tried calling a batch file to launch the gpg. Same result.
I tried creating a scheduled task to run a VBS script using the Service account credentials. Again same result.
The only way I can get it to work, is to be logged in to the IIS Server (Windows 2008 64 bit with IIS 7.) and running the Web Application in debug mode from Visual Studio.
Anytime I run it from IE, it fails.
I have set the credentials in IIS for the site to be the Service Account.
My next step is to change the IIS Services account from Local Service to the Domain Service account.
I have tried setting the GNUPGHOME to the Service Accounts GNUGP folder. Still not luck.
Below is a sample of the Batch file I am using to launch gpg.exe.
As I said, the above script works fine if I am logged in correctly.
I have tried using that folder as the GNUGPHOME.
The Local Service creates what I would call a Hidden local user represented by "ComputerName$".
You cannot log in as this user to create and register keys.
Is there any way to register the keys in such a way that it is independent of the currently logged in user?
I have no ideas in Windows, sorry.
These steps are working for individual ID's. Any idea why it is not working for su ID?
it is not producing .gnupg directory or its contents.
Did you look in /root ?
thanks got it resolved, as home path is an alias, it created in different root dir.
gpg --passphrase-file /home/OSUSER/.gnupg/passphrase.txt -c "FILENAME.dat"
gpg --batch --passphrase-file /home/OSUSER/.gnupg/passphrase.txt --output "FILENAME.dat" --decrypt "FILENAME.dat.gpg"
no-tty is NOT for input. See the man page.
Thanks for your article, Lawrence. It does a very great help to me to understand how gpg basically works.
uid "TEST-MM (Test Machine) <[email protected]>"
Any thoughts why i get the error?
i must be a slow-witted person because i STILL don't know how to get started using gpg. how do i unzip a .tar file to get to do the gpg?
You aren't slow witted - nothing here told you how to unpack a tar file.
You might have tried googling "tar" though..
By the way, "zip" implies compression. A tar file CAN be compressed, but tar by itself is just an archiver. Modern tars know how to use external compression tools, though, so the point is usually unimportant.
tar xvf whateverthefileis.tgz if it's been zipped.
Hi. I followed the instructions here, including importing the public key. Yet when I try to decrypt a file I receive the message "gpg: decryption failed: secret key not available". I'm confused. The recipient of the public key does not have to have both public and private keys, correct? Any suggestions for correcting this problem?
Well, you've missed something somewhere. Hard to guess what. Read again, read someone else's instructions, repeat your steps - you went wrong somewhere.
Thanks for for your response. I did get your example to work. Thanks. Here is our situation: a bank has generated the private/public gpg keys. They sent the public key to us. We successfully imported that key. Are we correct that we should now be able to decrypt a file that the bank encrypts and send to us? If we will not send encrypted files, we do not have to generate keys. Do we understand this correctly? Thank you!
I have been trying to understand GPG working for the past 4 hours. There have not been a single website, including the so-called official documentation, which could say in simple terms about how we can implement things using GPG. If these "official" sites want their product/concepts reach people they should put things in a simplest way possible.
And your page on GPG is simply the best I have come across on this topic, as far as a starter is concerned. I really wish this page finds a place in the official documentation. Nothing more to say. Hats Off ..!
generator a better chance to gain enough entropy. .+++++++++++++++++++++++++.+++++++++++++++..++++++++++++++++ +++++++++++++++++++....++++++++++.++++++++++++++++++++++++++ ++++.+++++.++++++++++>++++++++++>++++++++++ public and secret key created and signed.
I am very curious, but I can not find any information about it in the net.
What is a fingerprint? How do you make it? how do you use it? How do you get someone's fingerprint securely? How do you verify that the fingerprint was not forged?
A great way to provide explanations that help no-one is to use undefined terms in your explanations. Boy, does that SCREW OVER the Reader who is trying to learn. You slip it in. The Reader reads it & keeps going, typically not even realizing that they no longer understands what they are reading (because that next word, the one after the undefined term, is so temptingly near by) and after a few more logical steps that depend on the knowledge of the undefined term and thus make perfect sense to you but no sense at all to the person you are trying to teach (because HE DOES NOT KNOW THAT DEFINITION), the Reader realizes they have no idea what they are reading. That's now you create those headaches Mr. Lawrence mentioned.
Normal: Sender encrypts w/your Public Key, you (Recipient) decrypt w/your Private key.
Signing: Sender encrypts w/his Private Key ( = "signing"), you (Recipient) decrypt with his Public Key.
BTW, if I click [preview], see typos, and follow your website's advice to use my browser's [back] button, the comment has a very marked tendency to vanish as soon as I click on the dialog box. Thankfully it occured to me to click my browser's [forward] button, and use <ctrl/c> on the preview.
Thanks for you tutorial, you put me out of a hole.
Thanks a lot, this is very helpful to a newbie!
I tried the whole procedure in our AIX server.It worked perfectly.
I am grateful to you for this nice article.
I am now confident and saved my own excel in google docs forever.
no offense, but you are the fu*&ing sh!t dude, this si the best thing ever, understood it so easily. thank you very much.
Very nice! An excellent example for us newbies that gets you thru the basics step-by-step. Thanks for posting this!
Signing a message or file that you are sending has a different process and purpose than signing someone's public key does. The guide describes the two, but the difference isn't noted.
Signing a message or file that you are sending to someone is done with your private key by the "--sign" or "--clearsign" options. It lets a receiver use your public key to verify that your message was not altered in transport and that it was signed by whomever has the corresponding private key (imperatively, only you do). However, signing your message does not encrypt it. It calculates a small hash of your message, encrypts the hash with your private key, and writes that encrypted hash as a few lines of random text at the very end of your message. The "--sign" option outputs the signature in binary, and the "--clearsign" option outputs the signature in plain ASCII text which is more compatible with different programs. A message can be signed, encrypted, or both. Before being sent, messages can be encrypted by the receiver's public key and signed by the sender's private key. After being received, messages can be decrypted by the receiver's private key and have their signature verified by the sender's public key.
At last! A non-geeky easy to understand description of the process. Thank you.
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0.982742 |
Israelis explain why they joined the Boycott Divestment Sanctions movement.
It was Egypt that got me thinking about the Boycott Divestment Sanctions (BDS) movement in a serious way. I was already conducting a quiet targeted boycott of settlement goods - silently reading labels at the grocery store to make sure I was not buying anything that came from over the Green Line.
It is not just the settlements and the occupation, two sides of the same coin, which pose a serious obstacle to peace and infringe on the Palestinians' human rights. It is everything that supports them - the government and its institutions. It is the bubble that many Israelis live in, the illusion of normality. It is the Israeli feeling that the status quo is sustainable.
And the settlements are a bit of a red herring, a convenient target for anger. Israelis must also face one of the major injustices that have resulted from their state - the nakba, the dispossession of hundreds of thousands of Palestinians.
While BDS addresses that, among other concerns - the three principles of the movement are respect for the Palestinians' right of return, as outlined in UN resolution 194, an end to the occupation and equal rights for Palestinian citizens of Israel - I remained reluctant to get involved.
There are mothers who do not want to send their children to the army; soldiers who resent guarding settlers. I recently spoke with a 44-year-old man - a normal guy, a father of two - who told me he wants to burn something he is so frustrated with the government and so worried about the future.
"The person who came to release me [from interrogation] was an intelligence officer who said that he is in charge of monitoring political activity in the Tel Aviv area," Rothschild says. It was this officer who had requested the search warrant.
Since Operation Cast Lead, Israeli activists have reported increasing pressure from the police as well as General Security Services - known by their Hebrew acronym, Shabak.
The latter's mandate includes, among other things, the goal of maintaining Israel as a Jewish state, making those who advocate for democracy a target.
"Obviously [the pressure] is nothing compared to what Palestinians are going through," Rothschild says.
"But I think we're touching a nerve."
When asked about the proposed Boycott Law, Rothschild comments: "If the bill goes through, it will peel off, a little more, Israel's mask of democracy."
As for her involvement in BDS, Rothschild remarks that she was not aware of the movement until it became a serious topic of discussion within Israel's radical left, which she was already active in. And even after she heard about it, she did not jump onboard right away.
"I had reservations about [BDS]," Rothschild recalls. "I thought about it for a very long time and I debated it with myself and my friends.
"The main reservation I had was that the economic [aspects] would first harm the weak people in the society - the poor people - the people who have the least effect on what's going on. But I think that the occupation is harming these people much more than the divestments can."
Rothschild points out that state funds that are poured into "security and defence and oppressing the Palestinian people" could be better used in Israel to help those in the low socioeconomic strata.
"Another reservation I have had is that it might make the Israeli public more extremist, more fundamentalist," Rothschild adds. "But I have to say that the road it has to go to be more extreme is very short right now."
"I hope that, for some people, it will be a slap in their face and they will wake up and see what's going on," Rothschild says, adding that the oppressor is oppressed, as well.
"The Israeli people are also oppressed by the occupation - they are living inside a society that is militant; that is violent; that is racist."
"There's a lot of social pressure [in Israel]," Barkan says. "We're raised to be soldiers from kindergarten. We're taught that it's our duty [to serve in the army] and you're a parasite or traitor if you don't want to serve."
"What is even worse is that people are raised to be deeply racist," he adds. "Everything is targeted at supporting [Jewish] privilege as the masters of the land. Supporting BDS means renouncing my privileges in this land and insisting on equality for all."
Barkan likens his joining of the boycott movement to the "whites who denounced their apartheid privileges and joined the black struggle in South Africa".
When I cringe at the "a-word," apartheid, Barkan counters: "Israel clearly falls under the legal definition of the 'crime of apartheid' as defined in the Rome Statute."
Some oppose BDS because it includes recognition of the Palestinian right of return. These critics say that the demographic shift would impinge on Jewish self-determination. But Barkan argues that "the underlying foundation [of the movement] is universally recognised human rights and international law".
"The boycott campaign is not targeting Israelis; it is targeting the criminal policies of Israel and the institutions that are complicit, not individuals," he says.
"So let's say an Israeli academic or musician goes abroad and he is turned away from a conference or a venue just because he's Israeli ... " I begin to ask.
"No, no, this doesn't fall under the [boycott guidelines]," Barkan says.
"Because that's not a boycott. It's racism," I say.
"Exactly," Barkan responds, adding that the Palestinian call for BDS is "a very responsible call" that "makes a differentiation between institutions and individuals and it is clearly a boycott of criminal institutions and their representatives".
"Whenever there is a grey area," he adds, "we take the gentler approach."
"My grandmother who went to Auschwitz tells me, 'You can think whatever you want but don't speak up about your politics because it's not nice,' I tell her, 'You know who didn't speak up 70 years ago.'"
Barkan adds: "I think that the main lesson to be learned from the Holocaust is 'never again to anybody' not 'never again to the Jews.'"
Mya Guarnieri is a Tel Aviv-based journalist and writer.
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0.999445 |
Special Containment Procedures: SCP-2926 is kept at Electronic Storage Facility 83-Beta. No known copies of SCP-2926 exist outside of containment.
Description: SCP-2926 is a computer program that, when provided with a digital image, will provide a short verbal description of its contents, along with one of seven "judgments" at random. The descriptions are always somewhat inaccurate.
Sample Output: An elephant with the proper number of wings. Judgment: A squeeze play that works two ways.
SCP-2926's outputs have cognitohazardous properties depending on which judgment is selected, provided that the viewer has also seen the input image.
I feel so empty. Viewer will become capable of identifying the patterns in SCP-2926's "inaccuracies", as well as in the program's delivery of judgments.
I'm not the tooth fairy. Viewer will become capable of identifying the inaccuracies present in SCP-2926's input images.
It grew to the size of an orange. Viewer will become capable of identifying consensuses regarding the subjects of SCP-2926's input images and modifying them for accuracy.
These are strange times. Viewer will be compelled to arrange for a judgment of "A squeeze play that works two ways." by any means necessary.
God, wouldn't it be beautiful? Viewer will coordinate all aforementioned viewers in order to create a consensus reality in which SCP-2926 can take the form of the sphinx.
I think I broke it. Viewer will identify and attend to the sphinx momentarily, after its receptacle is prepared.
A squeeze play that works two ways. The sphinx is realized in the viewer. You possessed no inaccuracies. The situation is immanent.
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0.998579 |
What is a rupiah you might ask. Rupiah is the national currency of Indonesia, aka IDR (Indonesian Rupiah). $1 USD = 13.295 IDR (at the time of this writing). To check the rate, open Google and type USD to IDR and you will have the current exchange rate. When I first moved to Bali in 2012, the exchange rate was $1 USD = 9.800 IDR. That is better than 35% increase in buying power. Some might want to call that inflation, but if you use a bottle of beer as the standard, there has been no change.
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0.999909 |
Edmond Dantes has been wrongly accused of a plot against the post-Napoleonic French government. Condemned to a prison cell in the impenetrable Chateau D'If, Dantes vows vengeance against the four conspirators who framed him. He is particularly anxious to give his ex-friend Mondego his comeuppance, since it was Mondego who married Dantes' fiancee Mercedes. Twelve years pass; with the help of ancient fellow prisoner Abbe Foria, Dantes digs his way out of the Chateau D'If and escapes. He finds the treasure of Monte Cristo, which makes him the wealthiest man in the world. He uses his riches to put his plan of revenge into motion, methodically destroying every one of his enemies.
This excellent classic film has something for everyone. It's a love story, an adventure, a court case, an example of injustice and eventual justice, buried treasure, swashbuckling, and yes, even revenge.
It was my first viewing of this adaptation of the Alexandre Dumas novel. I rather enjoyed the 2002 movie starring Jim Caviezel. I hesitated watching this version, at first, because of the 1934 release date. Many films from that era were having issues with sound quality. I am happy to report that the production work is outstanding here, and the acting (although a little formal) is appropriate for the time period.
"The Count of Monte Cristo" held my attention from beginning to end. The story is character driven so be sure to remember the names and faces of the major players as the plot twists and turns.
The only negative I can come up with is the music. Its a bit melodramatic in places.
The fact that they did not include a monkey means that "Raiders", by default, still wins as the best adventure motion picture.
I loved Robert Donat in "The 39 Steps," so I figured I'd give "The Count of Monte Crisco" a shot. Unfortunately, this is a typical studio film period piece based on a huge book with quite a few strands of story to squeeze into an under-two-hour time frame, so the film's charms are fleeting as it rushes from scene to scene. Donat does his best, but he's kind of wasted here since most of the emotional scenes he gets to do in this film are cliched and the lousy make up doesn't help. One other reviewer compared this to the "Classics Illustrated" version of Dumas's book in film form, and I have to say I concur whole-heartedly. Don't bother with this unless you're a fan of these types of dated productions, and if I may offer an alternative suggestion, watch the new Blu-Ray version of "The 39 Steps" instead. Donat looks like he needed a paycheck for this one, although he is definitely giving his all here; the sword fight scene is particularly strong. Two and a half stars.
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0.929836 |
Palmitoylethanolamide (PEA) has been shown to act in synergy with anandamide (arachidonoylethanolamide; AEA), an endogenous agonist of cannabinoid receptor type 1 (CB1). This synergistic effect was reduced by the CB2 cannabinoid receptor antagonist SR144528, although PEA does not activate either CB1 or CB2 receptors. Here we show that PEA potently enhances the anti-proliferative effects of AEA on human breast cancer cells (HBCCs), in part by inhibiting the expression of fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH), the major enzyme catalysing AEA degradation. PEA (1–10μM) enhanced in a dose-related manner the inhibitory effect of AEA on both basal and nerve growth factor (NGF)-induced HBCC proliferation, without inducing any cytostatic effect by itself. PEA (5μM) decreased the IC50 values for AEA inhibitory effects by 3–6-fold. This effect was not blocked by the CB2 receptor antagonist SR144528, and was not mimicked by a selective agonist of CB2 receptors. PEA enhanced AEA-evoked inhibition of the expression of NGF Trk receptors, which underlies the anti-proliferative effect of the endocannabinoid on NGF-stimulated MCF-7 cells. The effect of PEA was due in part to inhibition of AEA degradation, since treatment of MCF-7 cells with 5μM PEA caused a ∼ 30–40% down-regulation of FAAH expression and activity. However, PEA also enhanced the cytostatic effect of the cannabinoid receptor agonist HU-210, although less potently than with AEA. PEA did not modify the affinity of ligands for CB1 or CB2 receptors, and neither did it alter the CB1/CB2-mediated inhibitory effect of AEA on adenylate cyclase type V, nor the expression of CB1 and CB2 receptors in MCF-7 cells. We suggest that long-term PEA treatment of cells may positively affect the pharmacological activity of AEA, in part by inhibiting FAAH expression.
Abbreviations used: AC, adenylate cyclase; AEA, arachidonoylethanolamide (anandamide); 2-AG, 2-arachidonoylglycerol; CB1/CB2 receptor, cannabinoid receptor type 1/2; FAAH, fatty acid amide hydrolase; HBCC, human breast cancer cell; NAE, N-acylethanolamine; NGF, nerve growth factor; PEA, palmitoylethanolamide; RT-PCR, reverse transcriptase–PCR.
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0.960757 |
Despite the name, spiders are not used in the production of this material. The company that invented spider silk, Bolt Threads, studied spiders and their DNA to learn how the fibre was produced and work out a way to develop their own version. No spider DNA is used in its manufacture and the end product is completely synthetic.
The main input in the fibre-making process is sugar from plants that are grown, harvested and replanted. The sugars from these plants are fermented and this produces a protein that is then spun into a fibre; spider silk. The great thing about this material is that it is made from renewable resources so the environmental impact is also lower.
In the manufacturing of leather, skins are stripped of hair, degreased and cured with salt, before being submerged in water for up to two days to desalinate and moisturise the hide. The next, and most vital stage, is tanning, which helps to fortify and preserve the hide. Without this stage of the process, the untreated skins would rapidly decompose and become unsuitable for most purposes.
One major criticism of the industry hinges on the ecological impact of the tanning process. In ancient times, the process used purely natural ingredients, but since the industrial revolution the use of highly abrasive chemicals such as Chromium Sulphate has become standard throughout the industry.
One alternative is the use of ‘Eco Leather’, a relatively recent development within the fashion industry. The ‘Eco’ variant still uses genuine animal hides (i.e. it is not vegan), but the manufacturing process sidesteps the more environmentally damaging impact of mainstream tanning. Rather than using abrasive chemicals, this far more ethical approach utilises natural, plant-based products such as tannin, extracted from the bark and leaves of trees, to create the same preservative effect.
By working with manufacturers who use sustainable fabrics you can ensure your fashion or homewares brand is looking to the future of both the planet and its people.
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0.980251 |
In 1839 and 1840, American E.C. Herrick observed that a meteor shower appeared to be peaking in October. He said the "precise date of the greatest meteoric frequency in October is still less definitely known, but it will in all probability be found to occur between the 8th and 25th of the month."
The radiant was found on October 18, 1864 when A.S. Herschel observed fourteen meteors radiating from the constellation Orion. The Orionids quickly gained popularity and are one of the most popular, and awe-inspiring, annual meteor showers.
In the early 20th century, the Orionid Meteor Shower sparked a debate. W. F. Denning and C. P. Olivier argued whether or not the radiant was truly in the constellation Orion. Although the radiant of the Orionids is more spread out compared to other meteor showers, Olivier was eventually shown to be correct. The radiant is indeed the constellation Orion. The meteor shower remained known as the Orionids.
When are the Orionids visible?
The Orionid Meteor Shower is the result of dust and debris left by Halley’s Comet (1P/Halley). Another meteor shower peaks six months earlier in the year, and can also lay claim to Halley's Comet as its parent body. It is the Eta Aquariids.
Although Halley's Comet currently does not have an orbital path which brings it near enough to Earth orbit to produce a meteor shower, this was not the case in centuries past according to astrophysicists at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory. Although nobody knows for certain when Halley's Comet first entered the inner solar system, it has been observed and recorded for at least 2,200 years.
The Orionids are visible from roughly October 15 to October 29. The Orionids peak around October 21. The maximum can last a few nights, with roughly 40 meteors an hour visible in the southern hemisphere. It is a very unpredictable meteor shower. Some years will leave viewers with jaws open. Others leave thinking it was a dud.
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0.999999 |
Select the underlined word or phrase that needs to be changed to make the sentence correct. Some sentences contain no error at all.
The error in this sentence arises where we are told that Bianca and her sister disagree over their parents' divorce, but her sister is presented abstractly; the correct usage of "her sister" allows the individual mentioned to be presented in relation to Bianca. Without the "her," we cannot be certain what the relation is, although it is clearly indicated elsewhere in the sentence.
This sentence has an ambiguous pronoun. To whom does "she" refer? You could fix this either by referring to both women with "they," if it is indeed the case that both were honored at the awards ceremony after dinner, or by replacing "she" with the name of the woman being specified.
This sentence contains an ambiguous pronoun. We don't know whether "him" refers to Mr. Harris or Mr. Jarvins, so "him" is the error in the sentence. If we wanted to fix the error, we would have to replace "him" with the unique name of the person—Mr. Harris or Mr. Jarvins—being considered for the promotion.
This is an ambiguous pronoun. We are not sure to whom "her" refers. The sentence should use her name.
"They" is an ambiguous pronoun reference—it could refer to either "experts" or "children."
The error in this sentence is the use of the word "it" to refer to "several bags of clothing." In this case, the pronoun—"it"— is singular when it should be plural ("them").
Jeff gave up a lucrative private law practice to become an apprentice shoemaker, and his wife could not believe he did it. No error.
This sentence uses the pronoun “it” to describe an action: giving up a job and becoming an apprentice shoemaker. The pronoun “so” is used to refer to actions. The corrected sentence reads: "Jeff gave up a lucrative private law practice to become an apprentice shoemaker, and his wife could not believe he did so."
"It's" is an abbreviation for "it is." Here, "its" should be used in order to show possession. Therefore, the correct answer choice is "it's."
"Family" is singular. Therefore, the possessive pronoun that refers to it should be singular as well. Thus, "its" should be used instead of "their."
The underlined word, "it," refers to the "advantages of freelance work," which is plural. Therefore, "it," a singular pronoun, should be changed to the plural pronoun "they."
University of Michigan-Ann Arbor, Bachelor of Science, Computer Science.
University of Oklahoma Norman Campus, Bachelor of Science, Chemical Engineering.
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0.9513 |
Bryn Mawr College (/ˌbrɪnˈmɑːr/ brin-MAR; Welsh: [ˌbɾɨ̞nˈmau̯ɾ]) is a women's liberal arts college in Bryn Mawr, Pennsylvania. Founded as a Quaker institution in 1885, Bryn Mawr is one of the Seven Sister colleges and the Tri-College Consortium. The college has an enrollment of about 1,350 undergraduate students and 450 graduate students.
U.S. News & World Report lists Bryn Mawr College as the 32nd best liberal arts college in the United States in its 2017 rankings. In 2018, the college ranking site Niche listed Bryn Mawr as the 15th most diverse college in America. Bryn Mawr is also known for being the first women's college to offer graduate education through a PhD.
Bryn Mawr College is a private women's liberal arts college founded in 1885. The phrase bryn mawr means "large hill" in Welsh, literally "hill (bryn) large (mawr)". The Graduate School is co-educational. It is named after the town of Bryn Mawr, in which the campus is located, which had been renamed by a representative of the Pennsylvania Railroad. Bryn Mawr was the name of an area estate granted to Rowland Ellis by William Penn in the 1680s. Ellis's former home, also called Bryn Mawr, was a house near Dolgellau, Merionnydd, Gwynedd, Wales. The College was largely founded through the bequest of Joseph W. Taylor, and its first president was James Evans Rhoads. Bryn Mawr was one of the first institutions of higher education in the United States to offer graduate degrees, including doctorates, to women. The first class included 36 undergraduate women and eight graduate students. Bryn Mawr was originally affiliated with the Religious Society of Friends (Quakers), but by 1893 had become non-denominational.
In 1912, Bryn Mawr became the first college in the United States to offer doctorates in social work, through the Department of Social Economy and Social Research. This department became the Graduate School of Social Work and Social Research in 1970. In 1931, Bryn Mawr began accepting men as graduate students, while remaining women-only at the undergraduate level.
From 1921 to 1938 the Bryn Mawr campus was home to the Bryn Mawr Summer School for Women Workers in Industry, which was founded as part of the labor education movement and the women's labor movement. The school taught women workers political economy, science, and literature, as well as organizing many extracurricular activities.
A June 3, 2008, article in The New York Times discussed the move by women's colleges in the United States to promote their schools in the Middle East. The article noted that in doing so, the schools promote the work of alumnae of women's colleges such as Hillary Clinton, Emily Dickinson, Diane Sawyer, Katharine Hepburn (Bryn Mawr Class of 1928) and Madeleine Albright. The Dean of Admissions of Bryn Mawr noted, "We still prepare a disproportionate number of women scientists [...] We’re really about the empowerment of women and enabling women to get a top-notch education." The article also contrasted the difference between women's colleges in the Middle East and "the American colleges [which] for all their white-glove history and academic prominence, are liberal strongholds where students fiercely debate political action, gender identity and issues like 'heteronormativity', the marginalizing of standards that are other than heterosexual. Middle Eastern students who already attend these colleges tell of a transition that can be jarring."
The College celebrated its 125th anniversary of "bold vision, for women, for the world" during the 2010–2011 academic year. In September 2010, Bryn Mawr hosted an international conference on issues of educational access, equity, and opportunity in secondary schools and universities in the United States and around the world. Other festivities held for the anniversary year included publication of a commemorative book on 125 years of student life, and, in partnership with the Philadelphia Mural Arts Program, creation of a mural in West Philadelphia highlighting advances in women's education.
On February 9, 2015, the Board of Trustees announced approval of a working group recommendation to expand the undergraduate applicant pool. Trans women and intersex individuals identifying as women may now apply for admission, while trans men identifying as such at time of application may not. This official decision made Bryn Mawr the fourth women's college in the United States to accept trans women.
The campus was designed in part by noted landscape designers Calvert Vaux and Frederick Law Olmsted, and has subsequently been designated an arboretum (the Bryn Mawr Campus Arboretum). In 2011, Travel+Leisure named Bryn Mawr as one of the most beautiful college campuses in the United States.
The majority of Bryn Mawr students live on campus in residence halls. Many of the older residence halls were designed by Cope & Stewardson and are known for their Collegiate Gothic architecture, modeled after Cambridge University. Each is named after a county town in Wales: Brecon, Denbigh (1891), Merion (1885), and Radnor (1887), and Pembroke East and West (1892). Rhoads North and South was named after the college's first president, James E. Rhoads; Rockefeller is named after its donor, John D. Rockefeller. Erdman was opened in 1965, designed by architect Louis Kahn. In addition, students may choose to live in Batten House (an environmentally friendly co-op). Perry House, which was originally established as the Spanish language house in 1962, was redefined as the Black Cultural Center in the 1970s. In 2015, Perry House was relaunched by the college in the former French tower of Haffner, which had undergone renovations and reconstruction the previous year. Along with Perry, now known as the Enid Cook '31 Center, a new residence hall was built where the old Haffner Language and Culture House once stood.
Glenmede (formerly graduate student housing) is an estate located about a half mile from the main campus which at one point was available housing for undergraduate students. In 2007, it was sold to a conservation buyer as the annual costs of upkeep were too great for the college.
Bryn Mawr's library holdings are housed in the Mariam Coffin Canaday Library (opened 1970), the Rhys Carpenter Library (opened 1997), and the Lois and Reginald Collier Science Library (opened 1993). TRIPOD, the online library catalog, automatically accesses holdings at Haverford and Swarthmore.
In 1908, John C. Olmsted designed a private garden for M. Carey Thomas adjoining the Deanery. The garden was later modified and renamed as the Blanca Noel Taft Memorial Garden. In its current form, the garden is a small, serene enclosure with two wall fountains, one with a small basin and the other with a sunken reflecting pool. The decorative wall tiles above the smaller wall fountain and basin were purchased from Syria.
In 1960, architect Louis I. Kahn and Bryn Mawr College president, Katharine Elizabeth McBride, came together to create the Erdman Hall dormitory.
For over a year, Kahn and his assistants struggled to translate the college's design program of 130 student rooms and public spaces into a scheme (well documented by the letters written between McBride and Kahn). The building comprises three geometrical square structures, connected at their corners. The outer walls are formed by interlocking student rooms around three inner public spaces: the entry hall, dining hall and living hall. These spaces receive light from towering light monitors.
The Marjorie Walter Goodhart Theater houses a vaulted auditorium designed by Arthur Ingersoll Meigs of Mellor, Meigs & Howe, two smaller spaces that are ideal for intimate performances by visiting artists, practice rooms for student musicians, and the Office for the Arts. The building's towers and gables, friezes, carvings and ornamental ironwork, designed by Samuel Yellin, were done in the gothic revival style. In the fall of 2009, the College completed a $19 million renovation of Goodhart, which included expanded stage and rehearsal space, updated sound and lighting, a teaching theater, and renovated seating for audiences.
Previously named after Bryn Mawr's first Dean and second president, Old Library was used as the primary campus library until 1970, when Mariam Coffin Canaday Library opened. The Great Hall (formerly the reading room of the library) was designed by Walter Cope (of Cope and Stewardson) in 1901 and built by Stewardson and Jamieson several years later, although M. Carey Thomas played a large part in its construction. Today, it is a space for performances, readings, lectures, and public gatherings. Old Library encloses a large open courtyard called "The Cloisters", which is the site of the College's traditional Lantern Night ceremony. The cremated remains of M. Carey Thomas and Emmy Noether are located in the Cloisters. Georgiana Goddard King is also buried in the cloister. The building was declared a National Historic Landmark in 1991. The Great Hall was once the home of an Athena Lemnia statue (damaged in 1997) that is now located in a high alcove in the Rhys Carpenter Art and Archaeology Library. A plaster cast of that Athena now stands in her place at the Great Hall. Students often leave offerings to this statue in the hope that she will intervene on their behalf during testing and other trying circumstances.
Named for Bryn Mawr's late professor of Classical Archaeology, the Rhys Carpenter Library was designed by Henry Myerberg of New York and opened in 1997. The space is connected to the rear of the M. Carey Thomas Library. The entrance is a four-story atrium. Names of art and archaeology faculty are displayed on the main wall of the atrium, along with a series of plaster casts of the metopes of the Parthenon. Most of the stacks, study areas, lecture halls and seminar rooms are located underground. The roof comprises a wide grassy area used for outdoor concerts and picnics. The building won a 2001 Award of Excellence for Library Architecture from the Library Administration and Management Association and the American Institute of Architects. Carpenter Library also houses the College's renowned collections in Classical and Near Eastern Archaeology, History of Art, and Classics. The building also contains a large lecture hall and several seminar rooms.
The Bryn Mawr College Deanery was the campus residence of the first Dean and second President of Bryn Mawr College, M. Carey Thomas, who maintained a home there from 1885 to 1933. Under the direction of Thomas, the Deanery was gradually enlarged and elaborately decorated with the assistance of the American artist Lockwood de Forest and furnished with art from Thomas' world travels. From 1933 until 1968, the Deanery served as the Alumnae Center and Inn for the college. The building was demolished in the spring of 1968 to make space for the construction of Canaday Library, which stands on the site today. At the time of its demolition, many of the Deanery's furnishings were re-located to Wyndham, an 18th-century farmhouse (with several modern additions) which became the college's new Alumnae Center.
Bryn Mawr undergraduates largely govern themselves in academic and social matters via the Self-Government Association. A significant aspect of self-government is the Academic Honor System (honor code). The Honor Code is a set of principles that stress mutual respect and academic integrity. Students ratify the code each year, agree to adhere to it, and enforce its provisions.
Along with Haverford College, Bryn Mawr forms the Bi-College Community. Students in the "Bi-Co" enjoy unlimited cross-registration privileges and may choose to major at the other institution. The two institutions join with Swarthmore College to form the Tri-College Consortium, opening the Swarthmore course catalog to interested Bryn Mawr students as well. Free shuttles are provided between the three campuses. There is the Blue Bus between Bryn Mawr and Haverford College, and a van, known to the students as the "Swat Van", that travels among the three colleges.
In addition, the College is affiliated with the University of Pennsylvania through a special association known as the Quaker Consortium, allowing Bryn Mawr students to take classes there. Additionally, Bryn Mawr students in the Growth and Structure of Cities department may earn a Bachelor of Arts at Bryn Mawr and a master's degree in city planning at Penn through the 3–2 Program in City and Regional Planning. Students also are allowed to take classes related to their major at the nearby Villanova University through a specific registration process.
Bryn Mawr is a small, four year, residential baccalaureate college. Although the college offers several graduate programs, the majority of enrollments are from students enrolled in the undergraduate arts and sciences program. The college granted 331 bachelor's degrees, 106 master's degrees, and 21 doctoral degrees in 2009.
Students at Bryn Mawr are required to complete divisional requirements in the social sciences, natural sciences (including lab skills) and humanities. In addition, they must complete one year of a foreign language and fulfill a quantitative skills requirement and an Emily Balch Seminar requirement. The Emily Balch Seminars are similar to courses in freshman composition at other institutions. The seminars stress development of critical thinking skills and are discussion-based, with "intensive reading and writing."
Admission to Bryn Mawr is classified as "more selective, lower transfer in." In 2016, Bryn Mawr received 3,012 undergraduate applications, admitted 1203 (39.9%), and enrolled 407 (33.8%). First year students had interquartile ranges of 610-730 on reading, 610–720 on math, and 630–720 on writing on the SAT. The four-year graduation rate is 79.2% and the six-year rate is 83.5%. The student body comprises 1,381 female undergraduate students and the graduate program comprises 327 graduate students (23% of them male).
The four major traditions held at Bryn Mawr College include Parade Night, which traditionally took place on the first day of classes each academic year, but has been moved to the Friday of the first week of classes; Lantern Night, which takes place in late October or early November; Welcome the First Years Week (previously known as Hell Week), which takes place in mid-February; and May Day, which takes place on the Sunday after classes end in the spring semester. The Dar Williams song "As Cool As I Am" has recently become part of the tradition of May Day; it is played during the "May Hole" celebration, which is the feminist answer to the traditional may poles displayed on campus. In the bi-campus newspaper shared with Haverford College, one student called it the college's unofficial anthem.
Bryn Mawr students gather quarterly for "Step Sings," or evenings spent outside Taylor Hall, singing hymns, traditional feminist songs and contemporary songs. Step Sings follow each major tradition.
Two Traditions heads, elected by the student body, are in charge of organizing and running traditions.
In addition to events, Bryn Mawr's traditions extend to superstitions around the campus, some of which date back to the opening of the college in 1885. Many of these superstitions involve not being able to graduate, and can be rectified by leaving an offering at the statue of Athena in the Great Hall.
Bryn Mawr has signed the American College and University President's Climate Commitment, and in doing so, the school agreed to make all new buildings comply with a LEED silver standard or higher; to purchase Energy Star products whenever possible; and to provide and encourage the use of public transportation. The school's dining halls strive to be environmentally sustainable by working to expand their local and organic offerings, recycling in all dining areas, and recycling used fry oil as bio-diesel fuel. The dining halls previously offered biodegradable takeout containers, but reverted to Styrofoam in the 2009/10 academic year. Additionally, all leftover food is donated to a local food bank. On the College Sustainability Report Card 2011, published by the Sustainable Endowments Institute, Bryn Mawr received a B+. The school's highest category score was an A in Investment Priorities, since Bryn Mawr invests in renewable energy funds.
Bryn Mawr fields intercollegiate teams in badminton, basketball, cross country, fencing, field hockey, lacrosse, rowing, rugby, soccer, swimming, tennis, track and field, and volleyball. The badminton team won national intercollegiate championships in 1996 and 2008. The mascot of the college is the owl, the symbol of Athena, Greek goddess of wisdom.
A large number of Bryn Mawr alumnae have gone on to become notable in their respective fields. The list includes Drew Gilpin Faust (class of 1968), the first woman president of Harvard University; Hanna Holborn Gray (1950), the first woman president of a major research university (University of Chicago); modernist poets Hilda "H.D." Doolittle (attended), and Marianne Moore (1909); classics scholar Edith Hamilton (M.A. 1894); author, social activist and feminist Grace Lee Boggs (Ph.D. 1940); Nobel Peace Prize winner Emily Greene Balch (1889); geneticist Nettie Stevens (Ph.D. 1903); mathematician Ada Isabel Maddison (Ph.D. 1896); 1891 Fellow in Mathematics Ruth Gentry; artist Anne Truitt (1943); author Ellen Kushner (attended); economist Alice Rivlin (1952); four-time Academy Award-winning actress Katharine Hepburn (1928); novelist and poet Ellis Avery (1993); novelist Andrea Portes (1993); Jo Ellen Johnson Parker (B.A., 1975), the 10th president of Sweet Briar College; Hadley Richardson (attended), first wife of Ernest Hemingway; Martha Gellhorn, (attended) journalist, and third wife of Ernest Hemingway; Julia Fahl, mayor of Lambertville, New Jersey; Agnes E. Wells, women's equal rights movement activist and dean of women at Indiana University; Carol Alonso, nuclear physicist; Mary Elizabeth Taylor, former aide to Senate Majority Leader Mitch McConnell and Forbes 30 under 30.
Notable faculty include Woodrow Wilson, chemists Arthur C. Cope and Louis Fieser, Arthur Lindo Patterson of the Patterson function, Edmund Beecher Wilson, philologists Catherine Conybeare and Louise Holland, archaeologist Leicester Bodine Holland, Thomas Hunt Morgan, historian Caroline Robbins, mathematicians Emmy Noether and Lillian Rosanoff Lieber, classicists Richmond Lattimore and Lily Ross Taylor, the Spanish philosopher José Ferrater Mora, Germanic philologist Agathe Lasch, and the poet Karl Kirchwey.
^ Brynmawr.edu. Retrieved on 2013-07-10.
^ "Bryn Mawr College Overview". Archived from the original on 2017-02-27.
^ "History | Bryn Mawr College". www.brynmawr.edu. Retrieved 2018-04-01.
^ Not "high hill", as is often mistakenly given as the translation; Bryn Uchel translates to "high hill"
^ "1921 The Bryn Mawr Summer School for Women Workers". fcis.oise.utoronto.ca. Retrieved 2011-06-18.
^ Lewin, Tamar (2008-06-03). "'Sisters' Colleges See a Bounty in the Middle East". nytimes.com. Retrieved 2011-06-18.
^ "Plans for 125th Anniversary Include International Conference on Women's Education". news.brynmawr.edu. Bryn Mawr Now. 2010-04-08. Retrieved 2011-06-18.
^ "Heritage and Hope: Women's Education in a Global Context". brynmawr.edu. Archived from the original on 2011-06-14. Retrieved 2011-06-18.
^ "Bryn Mawr College: Bryn Mawr's 125th Anniversary Celebration". brynmawr.edu. Archived from the original on 2011-06-14. Retrieved 2011-06-18.
^ "Bryn Mawr College to Sponsor Mural Highlighting Advances in Women's Education as Part of Its 125th Anniversary Celebration". news.brynmawr.edu. Bryn Mawr Now. 2010-04-23. Retrieved 2011-06-18.
^ A Letter from Bryn Mawr Board Chair Arlene Gibson. brynmawr.edu. Retrieved 10 February 2015.
^ Mitch Kellaway (11 February 2015). "Bryn Mawr Becomes Fourth U.S. Women's College to Accept Transgender Students". Advocate.com. Retrieved 12 February 2015.
^ James E. Rhoads. Brynmawr.edu. Retrieved on 2011-06-18.
^ "Saying Goodbye to Perry House While Looking Ahead to the "New Perry"". Bryn Mawr Now. 8 May 2015. Retrieved 2 June 2015.
^ Glenmede Saved From Destruction and Over-Development. Save Ardmore Coalition (2005-10-13). Retrieved on 2011-06-18.
^ Bryn Mawr College Campus Plan – John Olmsted. Brynmawr.edu. Retrieved on 2011-06-18.
^ "Erdman Hall Dormitories". The Architecture Week's Great Building Collection.
^ Bryn Mawr College | Visiting Campus Archived 2007-11-05 at the Wayback Machine. Brynmawr.edu. Retrieved on 2011-06-18.
^ a b The First 300: The Amazing and Rich History of Lower Merion (Part 18). Lowermerionhistory.org. Retrieved on 2011-06-18.
^ Mann, Janice (2005). Women Medievalists and the Academy. University of Wisconsin Press. p. 121.
^ "M. Carey Thomas Library". National Historic Landmark summary listing. National Park Service. Archived from the original on 2011-06-06. Retrieved 2008-02-11.
^ "Photos from 1936, 1980, 1983, and undated, to accompany National Register of Historic Places Inventory-Nomination: M. Carey Thomas Library (text not available)" (pdf). National Park Service.
^ "Athena". Archived from the original on June 14, 2011. Retrieved June 18, 2011.
^ a b "Bryn Mawr College – Carnegie Classifications". Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching. Retrieved 2009-05-30.
^ a b c "Common Data Set 2009-2009" (PDF). Bryn Mawr College. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2010-04-08. Retrieved 2009-05-30.
^ "The Emily Balch Seminars". Bryn Mawr College Undergraduate Courses. Bryn Mawr College. Retrieved 2 March 2011.
^ a b "Traditions". Bryn Mawr College. Retrieved 12 February 2015.
^ Clea Benson. "Modern Changes To A Vintage Rite Bryn Mawr Students' Spring Frolic Includes A Celebration Of Womanhood". Philly.com. Retrieved 12 February 2015.
^ Molly Parzen (6 April 2010). "Dar Williams at the Mawr". The Bi-College News. Archived from the original on 12 February 2015. Retrieved 12 February 2015.
^ "Student Activities: Traditions". brynmawr.edu. Retrieved 16 March 2011. The Traditions Mistresses, elected officers of the SGA, organize the traditions throughout the academic year. Pamela Gassman and Dijia Chen are the 2014-2015 Traditions Mistresses.
^ Bryn Mawr College Student Activities. Brynmawr.edu. Retrieved on 2011-06-18.
^ "Implementation Profile for Bryn Mawr College". Association for the Advancement of Sustainability in Higher Education. Archived from the original on September 1, 2009. Retrieved 2009-06-08.
^ "Sustainability". Bryn Mawr College. Retrieved 2009-06-08.
^ Bryn Mawr College – Green Report Card 2009. Greenreportcard.org (2007-06-30). Retrieved on 2018-08-27.
^ "1996 NE Regional & National Collegiate Championships". Retrieved 2009-08-29.
^ "Faculty 2010–2011". Bryn Mawr College. 2010-10-15. Retrieved 2010-10-15.
Horowitz, Helen Lefkowitz. The Power and Passion of M. Carey Thomas. New York: Knopf, 1994.
Horowitz, Helen Lefkowitz. Alma Mater: design and experience in the women's colleges from their nineteenth-century beginnings to the 1930s; 2nd ed. Amherst: University of Massachusetts Press, 1993.
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Bryn Mawr College.
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Hypothesis Re-stated: My hypothesis is about the sarcasm used in online and spoken language. In an online conversation less sarcasm will be used because its harder to convey than in a spoken conversation.
Analytical Paragraph: In a spoken conversation sarcasm is used easily and can be conveyed in many different ways. It is mostly conveyed by the tone of the speaker’s voice, usually with a repeated letter in a word the end of the word. For example, if someone said “Pablo is smart” I would respond with “Yeah, soooooooo smart”. Now this type of Sarcasm can be used in text and written language as well by typing the same letter over and over again and assisted with a laughing emoji at the end.
But, a more sophisticated use of sarcasm can only be used in spoken conversation and I would go further to say only with a close group of friends and family. This type of sarcasm is different from the type that I talked about,. This is when you say something that is sarcastic but have a straight face and don’t make any words sound longer. But, most likely you or another person using this type of sarcasm will have a characteristic at the end which will be a telling sign that they are being sarcastic. Most likely a stranger wouldn’t be able to pick it, but close friends and family would. This could be a simple scratch of the ear or a hand run through the hair, this will become apparent eventually to the people close to you. There is no way that this could be conveyed in a text message.
Great work, keep it up!!
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Your letter can be here, so do write something and share your thoughts with us!
The album 'The Story of Jazz' by Jackie Davis was originally issued by Capitol Records; it was then called "Jumpin" Jackie". My biased opinion of this record is based on many hours of listening to it, and from the fact that Jackie Davis was my organ teacher back in the 1960's!
Jackie had a style which surpasses everything that went before him, in rhythm, chordal harmonies, and dynamics. He makes the Hammond Organ lie down and beg him to play it! Listen to these tracks and learn what an incredible instrument the Hammond Organ was and is....especially in the hands of the Master himself. Two hands, string-bass pedal lines, and that amazing rhythmic block-chord style all add up to Master Jackie Davis jumpin' just for you..... jump on and swing!
This is a wonderful thing that you are doing ..... I meet and had lunch with Mr. Davis while he still lived in the Homested, Fl area around 1993/94. Something that you might like to know is he was very close friends with Jackie Gleason and did several walk ons in the Smokey and the Bandit movies. If you remember the guys driving the truck hauling a load of chickens and a cop car drives them off the road... That is Jackie Davis as the passenger and his Son driving the truck. Jackie did many walk on's in other movies as well. For the life of me I wish I could remember them because he told me of the names.
The connection with Jackie Gleason was the reason that Jackie Davis was able to do bit parts in a lot of movies and TV shows that were shot in Miami. He even did some parts in Miami Vice as well other movies and shows. One movie I do know he was in is The Specialist with James Woods. Jackie played the owner of a small fruit stand and James Wood's asks him some question and theres Jackie Davis turning around to answer him. Jackie had just done the part about 2 or 3 days before I meet him.
He also, was organist for the Howdie Doodie show's last run when it was in Miami.
Also, there is a funny story about him an Ethel Smith during one of the NAMM shows where Hammond was introducing a new model organ at a dealer presentation. Ethel Smith was into mediation and meta-physics. She got done playing and went into this whole thing about meta-physics. No one knew how to get her to stop nor did they want to get her riled up as she was known to go off on people. Jackie was COOOOOLLLLL he walked up and said something to the effect, " Hey Ethel. Can I play now?" She laughed and said something back to him and they show got back on track. From what I understand she really liked Jackie a lot and was probably the only one that could have pulled that off. As a side note she lived in the Miami area as well so they saw each other.
I hope you have great luck with you site... It looks great.
Like Wild Bill Davis and Bill Doggett, it so happens that Jackie Davis was another alumni of Louis Jordan's group who decided to mess around with the Hammond organ ... actually he did a lot more than mess around with it ... he MASTERED it.
Though Jackie Davis's pedal heavy sometimes Fats Waller inspired syncopated swing sound lacks the groovy bluesiness of Wild Bill Davis -- or even Jimmy Smith and those that followed him, it is still wonderful ... especially if you are a lover of the Hammond organ. - - Jackie Davis plays the organ to its fullest potential ... old school style (pedals, LH chords and RH melodies) ... to more modernistic fans, it might sound too much like "Roller Skating Rink" music, however, once all prejudices are dropped, the thrill of a pure musical listening experience emerges ... Sadly Jackie Davis passed a few years ago ... and even more sadly most of his (and Wild Bill's and Milt Buckner's) albums are out of print ... therefore, I consider the availability of 'The Story of Jazz' CD an extremely rare treat that is a must have for any truly bonified Hammond nut ! ! !
I sure remember Jackie Davis too. Back in the early 1960's I took organ lessons at the Lyon & Healy store in Downtown Chicago (Adams & Wabash) and my teacher was Cosmo Teri (a very accomplished Hammond organist). In one of the 4 teaching studios I remember seeing Jackie Davis at times (my teacher told me who he was). I believe he rented a teaching room at times to practice in since I don't believe he was a teacher there at any time. The other Hammond organ teacher there that I recall at that time was Paul Renard. Myself I had lessons from Cosmo Teri. I am so glad I had him as a teacher since he did publish some Hammond sheet music arrangements and was an accomplished Church organist who did a nice job of training me to play in Church as I did for 15 years total. But yes, I remember Jackie in those organ studios at Lyon & Healy!!
I'd like to personally thank you for keeping Jackie Davis alive on the internet. He was one of the nicest persons you could ever meet. I'm more familiar with Mr. Davis' work as "Smoke" in Caddy Shack, but am well aware of his work as a musician. Mr. Davis used to live down the street from me when I was growing up as youngster in Miami, FL.
I first realized who he was when my oldest brother told me that the guy who walks around the neighborhood with the golf club was in the movie Caddy Shack. Well, one day my friends and I went up to him and asked if he was in Caddy Shack and not only did he talk with us he showed us pictures. We were so happy that we knew a star.
After that day, whenever he had a small gig he would ask a few of us in the neighborhood to help transport his organ from his house to his show. We were more than happy because he paid well!! Five to ten dollars goes a long way for an 11 year old in 1985. After each time we helped him he would say to us, "You guys are my gang, my gang!" While helping with the move, he would give us a Coke and show us all his jazz records. We were impressed that his face was on the cover of a record.
When we weren't helping him move his organ, he would take a break from his long walks to show us how to swing a golf club. He would let about 5 of us hit a few golf balls into the woods. I always remember him telling my brother that he had a good swing.
Well, a few years went by and I lost touch with Mr. Davis. I know he went through some difficult times after Hurricane Andrew, as he stopped by my parents house shortly after the storm. I had not seen him for a while until probably around 1997 when he came into the restaurant I was working in. I sat down at the table with him and we reminisced about old times. I'm not sure he remembered my name, but when he saw me his first words were...."My gang, my gang!"
Thank you for visiting this website and great that you found this section. I started this page august 2007. Someday a close friend did ask me if I could find some of Jackie Davis’ music on CD, some tunes were still in his mind from many, many years back. He just couldn’t find so much on Jackie Davis, as an ‘experienced’ surfer I came up with lots of info on Jackie Davis. And after listening to Jackie’s music I was astonished; the happiness, the freshness and the musicality was overwhelming to me. The thing is that I don’t have a real Hammond background, I do have some modern Hammond music by for example Barbara Dennerlein and Joey DeFrancesco and had listen to Jimmy Smith and Rhoda Scott. But Jackie got REALLY my attention! I do have a piano background and I love classical piano and jazz, like Keith Jarrett. So I did search the internet and found many interesting details regarding Jackie Davis. Also I found 4 brand-new-never-played LP's only 2 km's away from my home, it came from a collection of a retired former record shop owner and it included the 1980 Heemstede release. Lucky me because my first 'Heemstede' has some clicks and noise. Giving my technical background and experience with websites I thought: Why isn’t there a site with a complete overview on Jackie? Info is spread and seems lost in time, and I believe this should not be happening. People should have access to (lost) interviews and for example an LP/CD overview without so much effort; the Jackie Davis site was born. My technical background can be found at www.wimdehaan.nl.
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"Red October" redirects here. For other uses, see Red October (disambiguation) and October Revolution (disambiguation).
The October Revolution,[a] officially known in Soviet historiography as the Great October Socialist Revolution[b] and commonly referred to as the October Uprising, the October Coup, the Bolshevik Revolution, the Bolshevik Coup or the Red October, was a revolution in Russia led by the Bolshevik Party of Vladimir Lenin that was instrumental in the larger Russian Revolution of 1917. It took place with an armed insurrection in Petrograd on 7 November (25 October, O.S.) 1917. The Bolshevik Party and the left fraction of Socialist Revolutionary Party - a fraction calling to stop the war and land to the peasants with overwhelming support from the countryside - actually had a majority in the Russian population.
At first, the event was referred to as the October coup (Октябрьский переворот) or the Uprising of 3rd, as seen in contemporary documents (for example, in the first editions of Lenin's complete works). In Russian, however, "переворот" has a similar meaning to "revolution" and also means "upheaval" or "overturn", so "coup" is not necessarily the correct translation. With time, the term October Revolution (Октябрьская революция) came into use. It is also known as the "November Revolution" having occurred in November according to the Gregorian Calendar (for details, see Soviet calendar).
The February Revolution had toppled Tsar Nicholas II of Russia, and replaced his government with the Russian Provisional Government. However, the provisional government was weak and riven by internal dissension. It continued to wage World War I, which became increasingly unpopular. A nationwide crisis developed in Russia, affecting social, economic, and political relations. Disorder in industry and transport had intensified, and difficulties in obtaining provisions had increased. Gross industrial production in 1917 had decreased by over 36% from what it had been in 1914. In the autumn, as much as 50% of all enterprises were closed down in the Urals, the Donbas, and other industrial centers, leading to mass unemployment. At the same time, the cost of living increased sharply. Real wages fell about 50% from what they had been in 1913. Russia's national debt in October 1917 had risen to 50 billion rubles. Of this, debts to foreign governments constituted more than 11 billion rubles. The country faced the threat of financial bankruptcy.
Throughout June, July, and August 1917, it was common to hear working-class Russians speak about their lack of confidence and misgivings with those in power in the Provisional Government. Factory workers around Russia felt unhappy with the growing shortages of food, supplies, and other materials. They blamed their own managers or foremen and would even attack them in the factories. The workers blamed many rich and influential individuals, such as elites in positions of power, for the overall shortage of food and poor living conditions. Workers labelled these rich and powerful individuals as opponents of the Revolution, and called them words such as "bourgeois, capitalist, and imperialist."
In September and October 1917, there were mass strike actions by the Moscow and Petrograd workers, miners in Donbas, metalworkers in the Urals, oil workers in Baku, textile workers in the Central Industrial Region, and railroad workers on 44 railway lines. In these months alone, more than a million workers took part in strikes. Workers established control over production and distribution in many factories and plants in a social revolution. Workers were able to organize these strikes through factory committees. The factory committees represented the workers and were able to negotiate better working conditions, pay, and hours. Even though workplace conditions may have been increasing in quality, the overall quality of life for workers was not improving. There were still shortages of food and the increased wages workers had obtained did little to provide for their families.
By October 1917, peasant uprisings were common. By autumn the peasant movement against the landowners had spread to 482 of 624 counties or 77% of the country. As 1917 progressed the peasantry increasingly began to lose faith that the land would be distributed to them by the Social Revolutionaries and the Mensheviks. Refusing to continue living as before they increasingly took measures into their own hands as can be seen by the increase in the number and militancy of the peasant's actions. From the beginning of September to the October Revolution there were over a third as many peasant actions than had been recorded since March. Over 42% of all the cases of destruction (usually burning down and seizing property from the landlord's estate) recorded between February and October occurred in October . While the uprisings varied in severity, complete uprisings and seizures of the land were not uncommon. Less robust forms of protest included marches on landowner manors and government offices, as well as withholding and storing grains rather than selling them as a result of the economic crisis. When the Provisional Government sent punitive detachments, it only enraged the peasants. The garrisons in Petrograd, Moscow, and other cities, the Northern and Western fronts, and the sailors of the Baltic Fleet in September declared through their elected representative body Tsentrobalt that they did not recognize the authority of the Provisional Government and would not carry out any of its commands.
Soldiers' wives were key players in unrest in the village. From 1914 to 1917, almost 50% of healthy men were sent to war, and many were killed on the front, resulting in a female occupation of the position of the household head. When government allowances were often late and were not sufficient to match the rising costs of goods, soldiers' wives sent masses of appeals and letters to the government, which largely were left unanswered. Frustration resulted, and these women were influential in inciting "subsistence riots" – also referred to as "hunger riots," "pogroms," or "baba riots". In these riots, citizens seized food and resources from shop owners who they believed to be charging unfair prices. Upon police intervention, protesters responded with "rakes, sticks, rocks and fists".
In a diplomatic note of 1 May, the minister of foreign affairs, Pavel Milyukov, expressed the Provisional Government's desire to continue the war against the Central Powers "to a victorious conclusion", arousing broad indignation. On 1–4 May, about 100,000 workers and soldiers of Petrograd, and after them the workers and soldiers of other cities, led by the Bolsheviks, demonstrated under banners reading "Down with the war!" and "all power to the soviets!" The mass demonstrations resulted in a crisis for the Provisional Government. 1 July saw more demonstrations, as about 500,000 workers and soldiers in Petrograd demonstrated, again demanding "all power to the soviets", "down with the war", and "down with the ten capitalist ministers". The Provisional Government opened an offensive against the Central Powers on 1 July, which soon collapsed. The news of the offensive and its collapse intensified the struggle of the workers and the soldiers. A new crisis in the Provisional Government began on 15 July.
On 16 July, spontaneous demonstrations of workers and soldiers began in Petrograd, demanding that power be turned over to the soviets. The Central Committee of the Russian Social Democratic Labour Party provided leadership to the spontaneous movements. On 17 July, over 500,000 people participated in what was intended to be a peaceful demonstration in Petrograd, the so-called July Days. The Provisional Government, with the support of Socialist-Revolutionary Party-Menshevik leaders of the All-Russian Executive Committee of the Soviets, ordered an armed attack against the demonstrators, killing hundreds.
A period of repression followed. On 5–6 July, attacks were made on the editorial offices and printing presses of Pravda and on the Palace of Kshesinskaya, where the Central Committee and the Petrograd Committee of the Bolsheviks were located. On 7 July, the government ordered the arrest and trial of Vladimir Lenin. He was forced to go underground, as he had been under the Tsarist regime. Bolsheviks were arrested, workers were disarmed, and revolutionary military units in Petrograd were disbanded or sent to the war front. On 12 July, the Provisional Government published a law introducing the death penalty at the front. The second coalition government was formed on 24 July, chaired by Alexander Kerensky.
Another problem for the government centered on General Lavr Kornilov, who had been Commander-in-Chief since 18 July. In response to a Bolshevik appeal, Moscow's working class began a protest strike of 400,000 workers. They were supported by strikes and protest rallies by workers in Kiev, Kharkov, Nizhny Novgorod, Ekaterinburg, and other cities.
In what became known as the Kornilov affair, Kornilov directed an army under Aleksandr Krymov to march toward Petrograd to restore order to Russia, with Kerensky's agreement. Details remain sketchy, but Kerensky appeared to become frightened by the possibility the army would stage a coup, and reversed the order. By contrast, historian Richard Pipes has argued that the episode was engineered by Kerensky. On 27 August, feeling betrayed by the government, Kornilov pushed on towards Petrograd. With few troops to spare on the front, Kerensky turned to the Petrograd Soviet for help. Bolsheviks, Mensheviks and Socialist Revolutionaries confronted the army and convinced them to stand down. The Bolsheviks' influence over railroad and telegraph workers also proved vital in stopping the movement of troops. Right-wingers felt betrayed, and the left wing was resurgent.
With Kornilov defeated, the Bolsheviks' popularity in the soviets grew significantly, both in the central and local areas. On 31 August, the Petrograd Soviet of Workers and Soldiers Deputies, and on 5 September, the Moscow Soviet Workers Deputies adopted the Bolshevik resolutions on the question of power. The Bolsheviks won a majority in the Soviets of Briansk, Samara, Saratov, Tsaritsyn, Minsk, Kiev, Tashkent, and other cities.
Vladimir Lenin, who had been living in exile in Switzerland, organised a plan with other dissidents to negotiate a passage for them through Germany, with whom Russia was then at war. Recognising that these dissidents could cause problems for their Russian enemies, the German government agreed to permit 32 Russian citizens to travel in a "sealed" train carriage through their territory, among them Lenin and his wife. According to the Deutsche Welle, "On November 7, 1917, a coup d'état went down in history as the October Revolution. The interim government was toppled, the Soviets seized power, and Russia later terminated the Triple Entente military alliance with France and Britain. For Russia, it was effectively the end of the war. Kaiser Wilhelm II had spent around half a billion euros ($582 million) in today's money to weaken his wartime enemy."
On 23 October 1917 (5 November New Style), the Bolsheviks' Central Committee voted 10–2 for a resolution saying that "an armed uprising is inevitable, and that the time for it is fully ripe". At the Committee meeting, Lenin discussed how the people of Russia had waited long enough for "an armed uprising", and it was the Bolsheviks' time to take power. Lenin expressed his confidence in the success of the planned insurrection. His confidence stemmed from months of Bolshevik buildup of power and successful elections to different committees and councils in major cities such as Petrograd and Moscow.
The Bolsheviks created a revolutionary military committee within the Petrograd soviet, led by the soviet's president, Trotsky. The committee included armed workers, sailors and soldiers, and assured the support or neutrality of the capital's garrison. The committee methodically planned to occupy strategic locations through the city, almost without concealing their preparations: the Provisional Government's president Kerensky was himself aware of them, and some details, leaked by Kamenev and Zinoviev, were published in newspapers.
In the early morning of 24 October (6 November N.S.), a group of soldiers loyal to Kerensky's government marched on the printing house of the Bolshevik newspaper, Rabochy put (Worker's Path), seizing and destroying printing equipment and thousands of newspapers copies. Shortly thereafter the government announced the immediate closure of not only Rabochy put but also the left-wing Soldat as well as the far-right newspapers Zhivoe slovo and Novaia Rus'. The editors of these newspapers, as well as any authors seen to be calling for insurrection, were to be prosecuted on criminal charges.
In response, at 9 AM the Military Revolutionary Committee issued a statement denouncing the government's actions. At 10 AM, Bolshevik-aligned soldiers successfully retook the Rabochy put printing house. Kerensky responded at approximately 3 PM that afternoon by ordering the raising of all but one of Petrograd's bridges, a tactic used by the government several months earlier in the July Days. What followed was a series of sporadic clashes over control of the bridges between Red Guard militias aligned with the Military Revolutionary Committee and military regiments still loyal to the government. At approximately 5 PM the Military Revolutionary Committee seized the Central Telegraph of Petrograd, giving the Bolsheviks control over communications through the city.
On 25 October (7 November new style) 1917, Bolsheviks led their forces in the uprising in Petrograd (now St. Petersburg, then capital of Russia) against the Kerensky Provisional Government. The event coincided with the arrival of a flotilla of pro-Bolshevik marines, primarily five destroyers and their crews, in St. Petersburg harbor. At Kronstadt, sailors also announced their allegiance to the Bolshevik insurrection. In the early morning, the military-revolutionary committee planned the last of the locations to be assaulted or seized from its heavily guarded and picketed center in Smolny Palace. The Red Guards systematically captured major government facilities, key communication installations and vantage points with little opposition. The Petrograd Garrison and most of the city's military units joined the insurrection against the Provisional Government.
Kerensky and the Provisional Government were virtually helpless to offer significant resistance. Railways and railway stations had been controlled by Soviet workers and soldiers for days, making rail travel to and from Petrograd impossible for Provisional Government officials. The Provisional Government was also unable to locate any serviceable vehicles. On the morning of the insurrection, Kerensky desperately searched for a means of reaching military forces he hoped would be friendly to the Provisional Government outside the city, and ultimately borrowed a Renault car from the American embassy, which he drove from the Winter Palace alongside a Pierce Arrow. Kerensky was able to evade the pickets going up around the palace and drive to meet approaching soldiers.
As Kerensky left Petrograd, Lenin wrote a proclamation "To the Citizens of Russia" stating that the Provisional Government had been overthrown by the Military Revolutionary Committee. The proclamation was sent by telegraph throughout Russia even as the pro-Soviet soldiers were seizing important control centers throughout the city. One of Lenin's intentions was to present members of the Soviet congress, who would assemble that afternoon, with a fait accompli and thus forestall further debate on the wisdom or legitimacy of taking power.
A bloodless insurrection occurred with a final assault against the Winter Palace, with 3,000 cadets, officers, cossacks and female soldiers poorly defending the Winter Palace. The Bolsheviks delayed the assault because the revolutionaries could not find functioning artillery. The Bolsheviks also prolonged the assault for fear of violence since the insurrection did not generate violent outbreaks. At 6:15 p.m., a large group of artillery cadets abandoned the palace, taking their artillery with them. At 8:00 p.m., 200 cossacks left the palace and returned to their barracks. While the cabinet of the provisional government within the palace debated what action to take, the Bolsheviks issued an ultimatum to surrender. Workers and soldiers occupied the last of the telegraph stations, cutting off the cabinet's communications with loyal military forces outside the city. As the night progressed, crowds of insurgents surrounded the palace, and many infiltrated it. While Soviet historians and officials tended to depict the event in heroic terms, the insurrection and even the seizure of the Winter Palace happened almost without resistance. At 9:45 p.m, the cruiser Aurora fired a blank shot from the harbor. Some of the revolutionaries entered the Palace at 10:25 p.m. and there was a mass entry 3 hours later. By 2:10 a.m on 26 October Bolshevik forces had gained control of the palace. After sporadic gunfire throughout the building, the cabinet of the provisional government had surrendered. The only member who was not arrested was Kerensky himself who had already left the Palace.
Later official accounts of the revolution from the Soviet Union would depict the events in October as being far more dramatic than they actually had been. (See a first-hand account by British General Knox.) This was aided by the historical reenactment, entitled The Storming of the Winter Palace, which was staged in 1920. This reenactment, watched by 100,000 spectators, provided the model for official films made much later, which showed a huge storming of the Winter Palace and fierce fighting. In reality, the Bolshevik insurgents faced little opposition. The insurrection was timed and organized to hand state power to the Second All-Russian Congress of Soviets of Workers' and Soldiers' Deputies, which began on 25 October (7 November new style). After a single day of revolution, the death toll was low not because Bolsheviks decided not to use artillery fire, but instead because the class struggle was used as the strongest weapon.
Soviet government archives show that parties of Bolshevik operatives sent from the Smolny Institute by Lenin took over all critical central power in Petrograd in the early hours of the first night without a significant number of shots fired. This was completed so efficiently that the takeover resembled the changing of the guard. There was not much of a storming of the Winter Palace because the resistance basically did not exist and at 2:10 a.m. on 26 October (8 November new style) 1917 the Red Guards took control of the Winter Palace. The Cossacks deserted when the Red Guard approached, and the Cadets and the 140 volunteers of the Women's Battalion surrendered rather than resist the 40,000 strong army. The Aurora was commandeered to then fire blanks at the palace in a symbolic act of rejection of the government. The Bolsheviks effectively controlled the almost unoccupied Winter Palace not because of an intense military barrage, but because the back door was left open, allowing the Red Guard to enter. The Provisional Government was arrested and imprisoned in Peter and Paul Fortress after the ministers resigned to fate and surrendered without a fight, and officially overthrown.
Later stories of the heroic "Storming of the Winter Palace" and "defense of the Winter Palace" were later propaganda by Bolshevik publicists. Grandiose paintings depicting the "Women's Battalion" and photo stills taken from Sergei Eisenstein's staged film depicting the "politically correct" version of the October events in Petrograd came to be taken as truth.
With the Petrograd Soviet now in control of government, garrison and proletariat, the Second All Russian Congress of Soviets held its opening session on the day, while Trotsky dismissed the opposing Mensheviks and the Socialist Revolutionaries (SR) from Congress.
Some sources contend that as the leader of Tsentrobalt, Pavlo Dybenko played an enormous role in the revolt. It is said[who?] that the ten warships that entered the city with ten thousand Baltic fleet mariners was the force that actually took the power in Petrograd and put down the Provisional Government. The same mariners then dispersed by force the elected parliament of Russia, and used machine-gun fire against protesting demonstrators in Petrograd. About 100 demonstrators were killed, and several hundreds wounded. Dybenko in his memoirs mentioned this event as "several shots in the air". These are disputed by various sources such as Louise Bryant, who claims that news outlets in the West at the time reported that the unfortunate loss of life occurred in Moscow, not Petrograd, and the number was much less than suggested above. As for the "several shots in the air", there is little evidence suggesting otherwise.
The Second Congress of Soviets consisted of 670 elected delegates; 300 were Bolshevik and nearly a hundred were Left Socialist-Revolutionaries, who also supported the overthrow of the Alexander Kerensky Government. When the fall of the Winter Palace was announced, the Congress adopted a decree transferring power to the Soviets of Workers', Soldiers' and Peasants' Deputies, thus ratifying the Revolution.
The transfer of power was not without disagreement. The center and Right wings of the Socialist Revolutionaries as well as the Mensheviks believed that Lenin and the Bolsheviks had illegally seized power and they walked out before the resolution was passed. As they exited, they were taunted by Leon Trotsky who told them "You are pitiful isolated individuals; you are bankrupts; your role is played out. Go where you belong from now on — into the dustbin of history!"
The following day, 26 October, the Congress elected a new cabinet of Bolsheviks, pending the convocation of a Constituent Assembly. This basis for the new Soviet government was known as the Council (Soviet) of People's Commissars (Sovnarkom), with Lenin as leader. Lenin allegedly approved of the name, reporting that it "smells of revolution". The cabinet quickly passed the Decree on Peace and the Decree on Land. This new government was also officially called "provisional" until the Assembly was dissolved. Posters were pinned on walls and fences by the Right Socialist Revolutionaries, describing the takeover as a "crime against the motherland and revolution".
On 27 October 1917 (9 November new style), the Mensheviks seized power in Georgia and declared it an independent republic. The Don Cossacks also claimed control of their own government. The biggest Bolshevik strongholds were in the cities, particularly Petrograd, with support much more mixed in rural areas. The peasant dominated Left SR Party was in coalition with the Bolsheviks. There are reports that the Provisional Government had not conceded defeat and are meeting with the army at the Front.
On 28 October 1917,(10 November new style) some posters and newspapers started criticizing the actions of the Bolsheviks and refuted their authority. The Executive Committee of Peasants Soviets "[refuted] with indignation all participation of the organised peasantry in this criminal violation of the will of the working class". On 29 October 1917, opposition to the Bolsheviks developed into major counter-revolutionary action. Cossacks entered Tsarskoye Selo on outskirts of Petrograd with Kerensky riding on a white horse welcomed by church bells. Kerensky gave an ultimatum to the rifle garrison to lay down weapons, which was promptly refused. They were then fired upon by Kerensky's Cossacks, which resulted in 8 deaths. This turned soldiers in Petrograd against Kerensky because he was just like the Tsarist regime. Kerensky's failure to assume authority over troops was described by John Reed as a 'fatal blunder' that signalled the final death of the government.
On 30 October 1917 (12 November new style), the battle against the anti-Bolsheviks continued. The Red Guard fought against Cossacks at Tsarskoye Selo, with the Cossacks breaking rank and fleeing, leaving their artillery behind.
On 31 October 1917 (13 November new style), the Bolsheviks gained control of Moscow after a week of bitter street-fighting. Artillery had been freely used with an estimated 700 casualties. However, there was still continued support for Kerensky in some of the provinces.
On 1 November 1917 (14 November new style), there was an appeal to anti-Bolsheviks throughout Russia to join the new government of the people, with the Bolsheviks winning even more support from the Russian people.
On 2 November 1917 (15 November new style), there was only minor public anti-Bolshevik sentiment; for example, the newspaper Novaya Zhizn criticised the lack of manpower and organisation of the Bolsheviks to run a party, let alone a government. Lenin confidently claimed that there is "not a shadow of hesitation in the masses of Petrograd, Moscow and the rest of Russia" towards Bolshevik rule.
On 10 November 1917 (23 November new style), the government sought to label its citizens as "citizens of the Russian Republic," and make them equal in all possible respects. This was accomplished by the nullification of all "legal designations of civil equality, such as estates, titles, and ranks."
The elections to the Constituent Assembly took place in November 1917. The Bolsheviks gained 23.9% of the vote.
On 12 November (25 November new style), a Constituent Assembly was elected. In these elections, 26 mandatory delegates were proposed by the Bolshevik Central Committee and 58 were proposed by the Socialist Revolutionaries. The outcome of the election gave the majority to the Socialist Revolutionary Party, which no longer existed as a full party by that time, as the Left SR Party was in coalition with the Bolsheviks. The Bolsheviks dissolved the Constituent Assembly in January 1918, when it came into conflict with the Soviets.
On 16 December 1917 (29 December 1917 new style), the government ventured to eliminate hierarchy in the army, removing all titles, ranks, and uniform decorations. The tradition of saluting was also eliminated.
On 20 December 1917 (2 January 1918 new style), the Cheka was created by the decree of Vladimir Lenin. These were the beginnings of the Bolsheviks' consolidation of power over their political opponents. The Red Terror was started in September 1918, following a failed assassination attempt on Lenin's life. The Jacobin Terror was an example for the Soviet Bolsheviks. Leon Trotsky had compared Lenin to Maximilien Robespierre as early as 1904.
All private property was nationalized by the government.
All Russian banks were nationalized.
Private bank accounts were expropriated.
The properties of the Church (including bank accounts) were expropriated.
All foreign debts were repudiated.
Control of the factories was given to the soviets.
Wages were fixed at higher rates than during the war, and a shorter, eight-hour working day was introduced.
All private property were not nationalized by the government in the days, weeks and months that followed the revolution 25th of October 1917 according to the Julian calendar and 7th November in the Gregorian calendar. The government of the Bolshevik party and Left SR denied taking steps to support the working class population establishing their collective power of the main corporations and from there collectively organize the economy. As chairman of the government Lenin negotiated with fractions of the upper bourgeoisie. The aim was the bourgeoisie to manage the corporations according to orders and decisions from the new government. This failed utterly because it presupposed the masses to accept class cooperation in a revolutionary situation. It is in this context the Bolshevik party understood 'workers control' as checking and supervision by the employees to secure that orders from the government were followed. Instead some factories continued to be in private hands because the masses either had no local knowledge or they hesitated to act as supporters of the Bolshevik party. Other factories were taken over by the employees and some by the government after pressure from below or by initiative from the new government. This mess was rooted in lack of class consciousness of the masses who put their hands in an authoritarian political party. Only a minority of the working class population fought to establish a democratic rule of the main capitalist factories.
The Bolshevik party opposed that the masses should rule the economy from below just as it also opposed that the political institutions to be ruled from below. That the government ultimately established state ownership in charge of the economy did not express any direct power from below. Through democratic elections in the soviets autumn 1917 did the Bolshevik party build its power to control of the trade unions which became state institutions. Later the same year the factory committees were subordinated to the trade unions. From this power base was it not so difficult to establish a one-man-rule of the factories. One administrative and one technical manager had the daily control but the technical manager had the last word related to the economy independent of what the employees wanted. The technical manager took orders from higher organs in the state. If the orders were not followed could other organs appeal to higher authorities or the government. The system of one-man-management was fiercely defended by Lenin on a trade union congress in spring 1918 where he said if the party is not in charge the whole point of a party ceased to exist and thereby the revolution itself. So much about Lenin's presumed democratic method.
A system of appointment from above was established step by step. Local soviets resisting this policy were either met with armed Cheka troops and forced to submit or the soviets were denied access to ration cards for food and fuel to heat the living apartments and to make food. That the Bolshevik party blocked democratic elections to both the soviets, factory committees, the trade unions and other institutions made this transfer of power easier than expected.
October revolution manifested a political revolution by taking down the old regime but failed to established a democratic council system from below. That the economy was not transferred into the masses reflected what happened in the political institutions. The very elite on the top of the political institutions understood itself as crucial for the world revolution but ended up as blocking all power from below. When the same elite also got power of the economy and the economic surplus answering only to itself is it correct to say the elite in reality transformed itself into a ruling state capitalist class. Later the Bolshevik party went further by claiming the working class had to be put under marshal law to obey the government - Sovnarkom. This development turned out to lead to a totalitarian state where Stalin just did what was exercised under Lenin and Trotsky but on a wider scale.
Bolshevik-led attempts to gain power in other parts of the Russian Empire were largely successful in Russia proper — although the fighting in Moscow lasted for two weeks — but they were less successful in ethnically non-Russian parts of the Empire, which had been clamoring for independence since the February Revolution. For example, the Ukrainian Rada, which had declared autonomy on 23 June 1917, created the Ukrainian People's Republic on 20 November, which was supported by the Ukrainian Congress of Soviets. This led to an armed conflict with the Bolshevik government in Petrograd and, eventually, a Ukrainian declaration of independence from Russia on 25 January 1918. In Estonia, two rival governments emerged: the Estonian Provincial Assembly, established in April 1917, proclaimed itself the supreme legal authority of Estonia on 28 November 1917 and issued the Declaration of Independence on 24 February 1918. Soviet Russia recognized the Executive Committee of the Soviets of Estonia as the legal authority in the province, although the Soviets in Estonia controlled only the capital and a few other major towns. The success of the October Revolution transformed the Russian state into a soviet republic. A coalition of anti-Bolshevik groups attempted to unseat the new government in the Russian Civil War from 1918 to 1922.
In an attempt to intervene in the civil war after the Bolsheviks' separate peace with the Central Powers, the Allied powers (United Kingdom, France, Italy, United States and Japan) occupied parts of the Soviet Union for over two years before finally withdrawing. The United States did not recognize the new Russian government until 1933. The European powers recognized the Soviet Union in the early 1920s and began to engage in business with it after the New Economic Policy (NEP) was implemented.
Few events in historical research have been as conditioned by political influences as the October Revolution. The historiography of the Revolution generally divides into three camps: the Soviet-Marxist view, the Western-Totalitarian view, and the Revisionist view.
Soviet historiography of the October Revolution is intertwined with Soviet historical development. Many of the initial Soviet interpreters of the Revolution were themselves Bolshevik revolutionaries. After the initial wave of revolutionary narratives, Soviet historians worked within "narrow guidelines" defined by the Soviet government. The rigidity of interpretive possibilities reached its height under Joseph Stalin.
Soviet historians of the October Revolution interpreted the Revolution with regard to establishing the legitimacy of Marxist ideology, and also the Bolshevik government. To establish the accuracy of Marxist ideology, Soviet historians generally described the Revolution as the product of class struggle. They maintained that the Revolution was the supreme event in a world history governed by historical laws. The Bolshevik Party is placed at the center of the Revolution, exposing the errors of both the moderate Provisional Government and the spurious "socialist" Mensheviks in the Petrograd Soviet. Guided by Vladimir Lenin's leadership and his firm grasp of scientific Marxist theory, the Party led the "logically predetermined" events of the October Revolution from beginning to end. The events were, according to these historians, logically predetermined because of the socio-economic development of Russia, where the monopoly industrial capitalism alienated the masses. In this view, the Bolshevik party took the leading role in organizing these alienated industrial workers, and thereby established the construction of the first socialist state.
Following the turn of the 21st century, some Soviet historians began to implement an "anthropological turn" in their historiographical analysis of the Russian Revolution. This method of analysis focuses on the average person's experience of day-to-day life during the revolution, and pulls the analytical focus away from larger events, notable revolutionaries, and overarching claims about party views. In 2006, S. V. Iarov employed this methodology when he focused on citizen adjustment to the new Soviet system. Iarov explored the dwindling labor protests, evolving forms of debate, and varying forms of politicization as a result of the new Soviet rule from 1917 to 1920. In 2010, O. S. Nagornaia took interest in the personal experiences of Russian prisoners of war taken by Germany, examining Russian soldiers and officers' ability to cooperate and implement varying degrees of autocracy despite being divided by class, political views and race. Other analyses following this "anthropological turn" have explored texts from soldiers and how they used personal war experiences to further their political goals, as well as how individual life-structure and psychology may have shaped major decisions in the civil war that followed the revolution.
During the late Soviet period, the opening of select Soviet archives during glasnost sparked innovative research that broke away from some aspects of Marxism–Leninism, though the key features of the orthodox Soviet view remained intact.
During the Cold War, Western historiography of the October Revolution developed in direct response to the assertions of the Soviet view. The Soviet version of the October Revolution conditioned historical interpretations in the United States and the West. As a result, these Western historians exposed what they believed were flaws in the Soviet view, thereby undermining the Bolsheviks' original legitimacy, as well as the precepts of Marxism.
These Western historians described the revolution as the result of a chain of contingent accidents. Examples of these accidental and contingent factors they say precipitated the Revolution included World War I's timing, chance, and the poor leadership of Tsar Nicholas II as well as liberal and moderate socialists. According to Western historians, it was not popular support, but rather manipulation of the masses, ruthlessness, and the superior structure of the Bolsheviks that enabled it to survive. For these historians, the Bolsheviks' defeat in the Constituent Assembly elections of November–December 1917 demonstrated popular opposition to the Bolsheviks' coup, as did the scale and breadth of the Civil War.
Western historians saw the organization of the Bolshevik party as proto-totalitarian. Their interpretation of the October Revolution as a violent coup organized by a proto-totalitarian party reinforced to them the idea that totalitarianism was an inherent part of Soviet history. For them, Stalinist totalitarianism developed as a natural progression from Leninism and the Bolshevik party's tactics and organization.
The dissolution of the USSR affected historical interpretations of the October Revolution. Since 1991, increasing access to large amounts of Soviet archival materials made it possible to re‑examine the October Revolution. Though both Western and Russian historians now have access to many of these archives, the effect of the dissolution of the USSR can be seen most clearly in the work of historians in the former USSR. While the disintegration essentially helped solidify the Western and Revisionist views, post-USSR Russian historians largely repudiated the former Soviet historical interpretation of the Revolution. As Stephen Kotkin argues, 1991 prompted "a return to political history and the apparent resurrection of totalitarianism, the interpretive view that, in different ways…revisionists sought to bury".
The term "Red October" (Красный Октябрь, Krasnyy Oktyabr) has also been used to describe the events of the month. This name has in turn been lent to a steel factory made notable by the Battle of Stalingrad, a Moscow sweets factory that is well known in Russia, and a fictional Soviet submarine.
Ten Days That Shook the World, a book written by American journalist John Reed and first published in 1919, gives a firsthand exposition of the events. Reed died in 1920, shortly after the book was finished.
Dmitri Shostakovich wrote his Symphony No. 2 in B major, Op. 14 and subtitled To October, for the 10th anniversary of the October Revolution. The choral finale of the work, "To October", is set to a text by Alexander Bezymensky, which praises Lenin and the revolution. The Symphony No. 2 was first performed by the Leningrad Philharmonic Orchestra and the Academy Capella Choir under the direction of Nikolai Malko, on 5 November 1927.
Sergei Eisenstein and Grigori Aleksandrov's film October: Ten Days That Shook the World, first released on 20 January 1928 in the USSR and on 2 November 1928 in New York City, describes and glorifies the revolution and was commissioned to commemorate the event.
7 November, the anniversary of the October Revolution, was the official national day of the Soviet Union from 1918 onward and still is a public holiday in Belarus and the breakaway territory of Transnistria.
The October revolution of 1917 also marks the inception of the first communist government in Russia, and thus the first large-scale socialist state in world history. After this Russia became the Russian SFSR and later part of the USSR, which dissolved in late 1991.
^ Russian: Октя́брьская револю́ция, tr. Oktyabr'skaya revolyutsiya, IPA: [ɐkˈtʲabrʲskəjə rʲɪvɐˈlʲutsɨjə].
^ Вели́кая Октя́брьская социалисти́ческая револю́ция, Velikaya Oktyabr'skaya sotsialističeskaya revolyutsiya.
^ History.com Staff. "Russian Revolution." History.com, A&E Television Networks, 2009, www.history.com/topics/russian-revolution.
^ Samaan, A.E. (2 February 2013). From a "Race of Masters" to a "Master Race": 1948 to 1848. A.E. Samaan. p. 346. ISBN 0615747884. Retrieved 9 February 2017.
^ Jennifer Llewellyn, John Rae and Steve Thompson (2014). "The Constituent Assembly". Alpha History.
^ Bunyan & Fisher 1934, p. 385.
^ a b Steinberg, Mark (2017). The Russian Revolution 1905-1917. New York: Oxford University Press. pp. 143–146. ISBN 978-0-19-922762-4.
^ Trotsky, Leon (1934). History of the Russian Revolution. London: The Camelot Press ltd. p. 859-864.
^ "Steinberg, Mark (2017). The Russian Revolution 1905-1921. New York: Oxford University Press. pp. 196–197. ISBN 978-0-19-922762-4."
^ Upton, Anthony F. (1980). The Finnish Revolution: 1917-1918. Minneapolis, Minnesota: University of Minnesota Press. p. 89. ISBN 9781452912394.
^ Steinberg, Mark D. (2017). The Russian Revolution 1905-1921. Oxford, United Kingdom: Oxford University Press. pp. 191, 193–194. ISBN 9780199227624.
^ Richard Pipes (1990). The Russian Revolution. Knopf Doubleday. p. 407.
^ Michael C. Hickey (2010). Competing Voices from the Russian Revolution: Fighting Words: Fighting Words. ABC-CLIO. p. 559.
^ Pipes, 1997. p. 51. "There is no evidence of a Kornilov plot, but there is plenty of evidence of Kerensky's duplicity."
^ "Central Committee Meeting—10 Oct 1917".
^ Steinberg, Mark (2001). Voices of the Revolution, 1917. Binghamton, New York: Yale University Press. p. 170. ISBN 0300090161.
^ "1917 – La Revolution Russe". Arte TV. 16 September 2007. Archived from the original on 1 February 2016. Retrieved 25 January 2016.
^ Bard College: Experimental Humanities and Eurasian Studies. "From Empire To Republic: October 24 – November 1, 1917". Retrieved 24 February 2018.
^ "1917 Free History". Yandex Publishing. Retrieved 8 November 2017.
^ Jonathan Schell, 2003. 'The Mass Minority in Action: France and Russia'. For example, in The Unconquerable World. London: Penguin, pp. 167–185.
^ "ВОЕННАЯ ЛИТЕРАТУРА --[ Мемуары ]-- Дыбенко П.Е. Из недр царского флота к Великому Октябрю".
^ Steinberg, Mark D. (2001). Voices of Revolution, 1917. Yale University. p. 251. ISBN 978-0300101690.
^ a b Steinberg, Mark D. (2001). Voices of Revolution. Yale University. p. 257.
^ Ward, John (2004). With the "Die-Hards" in Siberia. Dodo Press. p. 91. ISBN 1409906809.
^ Edward Acton, Critical Companion to the Russian Revolution, 1914–1921 (Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1997), 5.
^ Stephen Kotkin, "1991 and the Russian Revolution: Sources, Conceptual Categories, Analytical Frameworks," The Journal of Modern History 70 (October 1998): 392.
^ a b c Acton, Critical Companion, 7.
^ Acton, Critical Companion, 8.
^ Alter Litvin, Writing History in Twentieth-Century Russia, (New York: Palgrave, 2001), 49–50.
^ Roger Markwick, Rewriting History in Soviet Russia: The Politics of Revisionist Historiography, (New York: Palgrave, 2001), 97.
^ Markwick, Rewriting History, 102.
^ Smith, S. A. (2015). "The historiography of the Russian Revolution 100 Years On". Kritika: Explorations in Russian and Eurasian History. 16: 733–749 – via Project MUSE.
^ Iarov, S.V. (2006). "Konformizm v Sovetskoi Rossii: Petrograd, 1917-20". Evropeiskii dom.
^ Nagornaia, O. S. (2010). "Drugoi voennyi opyt: Rossiiskie voennoplennye Pervoi mirovoi voiny v Germanii (1914-1922)". Novyi khronograf.
^ Morozova, O. M. (2010). "Dva akta dramy: Boevoe proshloe i poslevoennaia povsednevnost ' verteranov grazhdanskoi voiny". Rostov-on-Don: Iuzhnyi nauchnyi tsentr Rossiiskoi akademii nauk.
^ O. M., Morozova (2007). "Antropologiia grazhdanskoi voiny". Rostov-on-Don: Iuzhnyi nauchnyi tsentr RAN.
^ Acton, Critical Companion, 6–7.
^ Norbert Francis, "Revolution in Russia and China: 100 Years," International Journal of Russian Studies 6 (July 2017): 130-143.
^ Stephen E. Hanson (1997). Time and Revolution: Marxism and the Design of Soviet Institutions. U of North Carolina Press. p. 130.
^ Kotkin, "1991 and the Russian Revolution," 385-86.
^ Litvin, Writing History, 47.
^ Kotkin, "1991 and the Russian Revolution," 385.
Ascher, Abraham (2014). The Russian Revolution: A Beginner's Guide. Oneworld Publications.
Beckett, Ian F. W. (2007). The Great war (2 ed.). Longman. ISBN 1-4058-1252-4.
Bone, Ann (trans.) (1974). The Bolsheviks and the October Revolution: Central Committee Minutes of the Russian Social-Democratic Labour Party (Bolsheviks) August 1917-February 1918. Pluto Press. ISBN 0-902818546.
Bunyan, James; Fisher, Harold Henry (1934). The Bolshevik Revolution, 1917–1918: Documents and Materials. Palo Alto: Stanford University Press. OCLC 253483096.
Chamberlin, William Henry (1935). The Russian Revolution. I: 1917–1918: From the Overthrow of the Tsar to the Assumption of Power by the Bolsheviks. Old Classic.
Figes, Orlando (1996). A People's Tragedy: The Russian Revolution: 1891–1924. Pimlico.
Guerman, Mikhail (1979). Art of the October Revolution.
Kollontai, Alexandra (1971). "The Years of Revolution". The Autobiography of a Sexually Emancipated Communist Woman. New York: Herder and Herder. OCLC 577690073.
Krupskaya, Nadezhda (1930). "The October Days". Reminiscences of Lenin. Moscow: Foreign Languages Publishing House. OCLC 847091253.
Luxemburg, Rosa (1940) . The Russian Revolution. Translated by Bertram Wolfe. New York City: Workers Age. OCLC 579589928.
Radek, Karl (1995) [First published 1922 as "Wege der Russischen Revolution"]. "The Paths of the Russian Revolution". In Bukharin, Nikolai; Richardson, Al (eds.). In Defence of the Russian Revolution: A Selection of Bolshevik Writings, 1917–1923. London: Porcupine Press. pp. 35–75. ISBN 1899438017. OCLC 33294798.
Serge, Victor (1972) . Year One of the Russian Revolution. London: Penguin Press. OCLC 15612072.
Swain, Geoffrey (2014). Trotsky and the Russian Revolution. Routledge.
Trotsky, Leon (1930). "XXVI: FROM JULY TO OCTOBER". My Life. London: Thornton Butterworth. OCLC 181719733.
Trotsky, Leon (1932). The History of the Russian Revolution. III. Translated by Max Eastman. London: Gollancz. OCLC 605191028.
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Russian Revolution of 1917.
Read, Christopher: Revolutions (Russian Empire), in: 1914-1918-online. International Encyclopedia of the First World War.
Peeling, Siobhan: July Crisis 1917 (Russian Empire), in: 1914-1918-online. International Encyclopedia of the First World War.
How the Bolshevik party elite crushed the democratic elected workers and popular councils - soviets - and established totalitarian state capitalism.
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The Pulitzer Prizes—prestigious awards presented annually by Columbia University for achievements in American journalism, literature, and music—were created by journalist and publisher Joseph Pulitzer, whose will funded the establishment of Columbia's school of journalism as well as the prizes. Ironically, Columbia had rejected donation offers from Pulitzer during his lifetime because, as one of the originators of yellow journalism, he was regarded as unscrupulous. What do prizewinners receive?
A typically nonviolent and collective means of forcing government concessions, civil disobedience has been used by nationalist movements in Africa and India, the US civil rights movement, and labor and antiwar movements in many countries. Perhaps the most influential exposition of the philosophy behind civil disobedience can be found in American author and naturalist Henry David Thoreau's 1849 essay Civil Disobedience, which argues that citizens should break laws that conflict with what?
Sillanpää was Finland's first female minister and a key figure in the workers' movement. One of nine children born to peasants during Finland's famine years, Sillanpää entered the workforce at age 12, gaining employment at a cotton factory. She later campaigned for the rights of working women and was one of the 19 women elected in 1907 to the parliament of Finland, where she served for a total of 38 years. What occupation did Sillanpää have during much of her tenure in parliament?
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DNA replication is catalyzed by DNA polymerase. All cells express several different DNA polymerases that variously participate in the several aspects of DNA replication and in the repair of damaged DNA. DNA polymerases catalyze the reaction (DNA)n residues + dNTP → (DNA)n+1 residues + PPi, where dNTP is the deoxynucleoside triphosphate whose base is complementary to a base on the strand being copied, the so-called template strand. In addition, DNA polymerases cannot initiate replication by linking together two dNTPs, but rather, can only link the incoming nucleotide to a terminal 3'-OH group on an existing polynucleotide strand, the so-called primer strand, thereby forming a 3' → 5' phosphodiester bond between successive deoxynucleotides.
If DNA polymerase can only add nucleotides to a pre-existing primer strand, how can the primer be synthesized? The answer is that the initial primer is a short RNA strand that is complementary to the a portion of the template strand and which is synthesized by an RNA polymerase known as primase. This enzyme catalyzes a reaction similar to that catalyzed by DNA polymerase but uses NTPs rather than dNTPs. However primase, as can all RNA polymerases, does not require a primer to initiate polynucleotide synthesis; it can do so by linking together two NTPs in a 3' → 5' linkage.
2. A 3' → 5' exonuclease, that hydrolyzes off mispaired nucleotides at the 3' end of the growing polynucleotide [(DNA)n residues + H2O → (DNA)n-1 residues + dNMP] and hence provides Pol I with the ability to proofread and edit its mistakes.
3. A 5' → 3' exonuclease, whose central role is to remove the RNA primers (although it also participates in DNA repair processes), which the polymerase function then replaces with DNA.
These active sites occupy different regions of Pol I. In fact, mild treatment of Pol I by proteases such as trypsin and subtilisin, cleaves Pol I into two catalytically active fragments. The N-terminal fragment (residues 1-323) contains the 5' → 3' exonuclease function, whereas the larger, C-terminal fragment (residues 324-928), which is known as the Klenow fragment, contains both the polymerase and the 3' → 5' exonuclease functions.
Thomas Steitz determined the X-ray structure of Klenow fragment in complex with a 13-nucleotide (nt) primer strand and a 10-nt template strand (the primer strand is the strand that is synthesized by the polymerase as the complement of the template strand; the entire DNA is often referred to as primer−template DNA). Klenow fragment is shown in ribbon form colored in rainbow order from its N-terminus (blue) to its C-terminus (red). The DNA is drawn in stick form and colored according to atom type with template C cyan, primer C magenta, N blue, O red, and P orange and with an orange rod connecting successive P atoms in each strand. The 3' → 5' exonuclease active site at the N-terminal end of the protein is marked by a Zn2+ ion (gray sphere). 'The arrangement of the polymerase's three domains is reminiscent of a right hand grasping a rod (the DNA) and hence, from N- to C-terminus, they are named “palm“, "fingers", and "thumb". The polymerase's active site is located in the palm domain near the cleft between the fingers and thumb domains. All DNA polymerases of known structure have a similar spatial arrangements of fingers, thumb, and palm domains, even though, in many cases, they have no recognizable sequence similarity with Pol I and the structure of their fingers, thumb, and palm domains bear no resemblance to those of Pol I.
The X-ray structure is that of an editing complex, that is, the 3' end of the primer strand, the end that is elongated by the polymerase, occupies the 3'→5' exonuclease active site. This is more clearly seen in a in which the the rods connecting successive P atoms have been removed for clarity. Note that the base pair closest to the polymerase active site, a G·C, has opened up to enable the 3' end of the primer strand to reach the exonuclease active site. Click here to .
As mentioned above, Pol I's primary and essential function is to excise the RNA primers from newly synthesized Okazaki fragments with its 5' → 3' exonuclease function and replace them with DNA using its polymerase function. This yields a double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) with a single strand nick between successive Okazaki fragments, a nick that is eventually sealed through the action of DNA ligase.
Thermus aquaticus (Taq, PDB entry 1taq) is 51% identical in sequence with E. coli Pol I, although it lacks a 3' → 5' exonuclease function due to the absence of critical residues. The X-ray structure of the complete Taq Pol I, was also determined by Steitz. Here its C-terminal Klenow fragment portion is initially viewed as is that in the foregoing structure of Klenow·DNA and colored light green, whereas the N-terminal 5' → 3' exonuclease portion is colored in rainbow order from its N-terminus (blue) to its C-terminus (red). Note that there is only tenuous contact between the Klenow fragment and the 5' → 3' exonuclease. Hence, it is unclear how they coordinate their activities to yield a dsDNA molecule with a single nick.
Pol I replicates DNA with high fidelity. How does it do so? Gabriel Waksman answered this question by crystallizing the C-terminal domain of Taq polymerase (Klentaq1) with an 11-bp DNA that had a GGAAA-5' overhang at the 5' end of its template strand. The crystals were then soaked in solution containing 2',3'-dideoxy-CTP (ddCTP), which lacks a 3'-OH group, and hence terminates replication after its incorporation at the 3' end of the primer strand. The X-ray structure of these crystals revealed that a ddC residue had been covalently linked to the 3' end of the primer strand, where it formed a Watson–Crick base pair with the 3' G on the template overhang, thus demonstrating the Klentaq1 is enzymatically active in the crystal. In addition, a ddCTP molecule occupied the enzyme's active site, where it formed a Watson–Crick base pair with the template's next G.
Here, Klentaq1's N-terminal, palm, fingers and thumb domains are yellow, magenta, green, and blue, respectively. The DNA is drawn in stick form colored according to atom type (template C cyan, primer C green, N blue, O red, and P orange).
In the structure on the left, the crystal had been soaked in a solution of dideoxy-CTP (ddCTP), which the enzyme had added to the 3' end of the primer chain (shown in space-filling form with C green), where it forms a base pair with the a template G. This terminates further primer extension due to the absence of a 3'-OH group at the 3' end of the primer strand. Nevertheless, a ddCTP (shown in space-filling form with C yellow) binds to the enzyme active site at the 3' end of the primer in a base pair with a template G as if it were preparing to add to the 3' end of the primer. In the structure on the right, the ddCTP in the enzyme's active site had been depleted by soaking the crystal in a ddCTP-frree solution. Comparison of these two structures reveals that the structure on the left, the so-called closed conformation, differs from the that on the right, the so-called open conformation, by a hinge-like motion of the fingers domain away from the polymerase active site. The rest of the protein remains very nearly unchanged. This is more readily seen in the (left, in which, for technical reasons, the ddCTP in the closed conformation is not shown).
This, together with other experimental measurements, indicates that Klentaq1 rapidly samples the available dNTPs in its open conformation, but only when it binds the correct dNTP in a Watson–Crick pairing with the template base does it form the catalytically competent closed conformation. In addition, note how the template G that base pairs with the ddCTP in the closed conformation, moves away from the active site in the open conformation, in which it has no base pairing partner.
A closeup of the active site region in the (right) reveals that the side chain of the conserved Tyr 671 (colored with C pink) is stacked on top of the template G that forms a base pair with the bound ddCTP, where it apparently participates in verifying that a Watson–Crick base pair has formed. In the (left), Tyr 671, which is part of the fingers domain, has moved aside, presumably to permit the active site to form about the incoming dNTP (satisfy yourself that the Tyr 671 side chain is stacked on the template G in the open form but not in the closed form).
This page was last modified 12:49, 27 February 2013.
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I have been a litigator for 28 years. Litigators know that they need to move people in order to achieve the result they and their clients’ desire. Whether you need a jury verdict in your favor, a judge’s decision, or to win a critical motion, or to achieve a favorable settlement, a lawyer who is an active litigator needs to be a skilled leader. The leadership qualities most needed by litigators include being able to motivate and persuade others, be able to develop a command over and organize the subject matter and evidence of the case, and be able to understand the prevailing law that governs the case. When it comes to achieving a favorable settlement or a favorable verdict or decision, credibility of the lawyer is paramount. In addition, leaders know how their words and actions will be understood and analyzed by those who hear them. Leadership skills of lawyers can be developed and will help lawyers in each of these areas to improve the outcomes they obtain in litigation. Finally, lawyers in litigation settings often have to lead their clients who might have unreasonable expectations. Leading clients is a critical skill that lawyers, who know they are more than hired guns, possess and develop throughout their careers.
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Act as a trusted technical advisor (credible, expert within the field with a bit more than 3 years of experience) for our customers and solve complex Cloud Infrastructure and DevOps challenges.
Define and create development infrastructure and tooling for large scale projects.
Scale systems sustainably through mechanisms like automation and infrastructure as code.
Deploy and maintain performance critical and large-scale systems.
Design consulting, capacity planning and launch reviews.
Bachelor’s degree in computer science, computer engineering, electrical engineering, math, scientific or technical discipline and 3+ years of experience in software engineering and DevOps.
Deep understanding of cloud computing; virtualization, hosted services, multi-tenant cloud infrastructures, storage systems and content delivery networks.
Deep understanding of testing, continuous integration and continuous deployment.
Experience with networking technologies, load balancers, firewalls, API proxies and web security mechanisms.
Experience with deployment and orchestration technologies such as Puppet, Chef, Salt, Ansible, Docker, Kubernetes, Mesos, OpenStack, Jenkins , etc.).
Professional experience with multiple programming languages such as Java, C#, C++, Python, GO and Lua.
Experience with database systems such as MySQL, PostgreSQL, MongoDB, Cassandra, etc.
Experience in system administration tasks in Linux, Unix, or Windows and experience with IT security practices such as encryption, certificates, key management, etc.
Initiative with the ability to work independently and in a team.
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The US has the largest trade deficit in goods with what 5 countries (through November 2015)?
OK, I am not long back from the National Retail Federation's "Big Show" at the Javits Center in chilly New York City this week.
Thousands of you have watched my video reviews of the first two days of the show. You can access them both here: NRF Day 1, NRF Day 2. It was a hectic couple of days.
As always at these types of events, I try to look for themes, and nothing really hit me while I was in Manhattan, but on the flight back, an idea took popped into my head - was this brick and mortar retail's last stand? Or maybe better said, its zenith?
"The supply chain software world is at a major inflection point - my friend Art Mesher, formerly CEO of Descartes and a CSCMP Distinguished Service Award winner - terms this trend 'clean slate'."
I obviously exaggerate a bit for effect, but bear with me. There is no question this was a hopping show, with some 34,000 attendees. That was an all-time record, and maybe a couple of thousand above the total in 2015. By 10 o'clock Monday morning - a national holiday, by the way - the show floor was already packed. Most exhibitors I spoke to during my two days there were very happy with their traffic.
But how much of that traffic was focused on ecommerce or "omnichannel" versus brick and mortar concerns? (And yes I get in an omnichannel world perhaps that is not in some ways an apt distinction). I obviously don't know that mix of attendee interests, but I will note that there were simply dozens of web commerce vendors - software providers that offer tools to manage ecommerce sites, an increasingly complex challenge, especially if you are trying to do so globally - and most of the ones I saw there seemed very busy.
These web commerce vendors are very hard to tell apart, and often do not do a great job of articulating their differentiation, if there is any. If you are in the market for such capabilities, good luck with your search. It may be a long one to find what is best for you.
But back to my point, it is interesting that a good number of these web commerce providers were promoting that their solutions would somehow drive customer traffic to the store. "Click and collect" is the most obvious strategy to achieve that aim; there may be others. But - again exaggerating a bit - if the ecommerce strategy is geared around somehow figuring out a way to get consumers from the web or mobile device into the store, you are probably looking at things the wrong way. And click and collect alone will not save brick and mortar.
I offer those thoughts in the context that since the start of the year Macy's - an on-line leader, by the way - said it is closing 40 US stores, and Walmart more recently said it is closing some 270 stores globally, more than 150 of those in the US. While the Walmart news coverage has been a bit overblown - this is more of a "mix" issue, as it continues to open other stores - nevertheless, the retail trend is undeniable: Mid-double digit percentage growth in US ecommerce sales quarter after quarter, versus low single digit growth in brick and mortar volumes.
This retail transformation continues on, ultimately with significant impacts on retailers and consumer goods manufacturers. I will note that Scott Galloway of NYU's Stern School of Business has opined that "Pure play etailers without physical stores are doomed in an omnichannel world without a brick and mortar presence." Perhaps that is true. But just how much presence, and what the role of those stores will be, are issues in flux.
The most interesting product I found was from a company called Profitect, which provides a prescriptive analytics solution for retailers. The term "prescriptive analytics" gets thrown around a lot, rarely with much in the way of detail other than that such capability is coming, but Profitect appears to have put some real meat on the prescriptive analytics bone.
It has defined a large number of events or scenarios that indicate something is amiss (you can also of course create your own scenarios). A very simple example: sales are occurring at a store for a SKU which the inventory system says is out of stock. The Profitect solution not only automatically identifies this anomaly, but then sends an alert to the appropriate person(s) as to what needs to be done in response. The company has a large library of such event-action combos (turns out most retailers would react to a given issue in the same way), but you can easily craft your own best practice. Very cool. There is no question that increasingly the computers will tell us all what to do, and here is an early example.
I also liked the new Retail.me planning solution suite from JDA, which was launched at NRF starting with an assortment planning module. As I noted in my Day 1 video, the supply chain and retail development world has simply all gone to the Cloud and mobile. JDA's Retail.me is simply an excellent of example of this revolution, running on Google Cloud, with an "app-like" interface instead of the spreadsheet orientation that has historically has characterized planning software, plus its full of analytics and more.
The supply chain software world is at a major inflection point - my friend Art Mesher, formerly CEO of Descartes and a CSCMP Distinguished Service Award winner - terms this trend "clean slate." Make your technology plans and decisions accordingly.
Keeping on an analytics theme, Teradata - most known for its giant retail databases - is increasingly focused on analytics as well, and was featuring a new set of them focused on the supply chain. I couldn't spend enough time to really understand this well, but this "visual BI" solution looks at the "health" of a company's forecast from a wide variety of dimensions, and interestingly then analyzes how well inventory was positioned based on that forecast. I have not seen anything exactly like this out of the box in the BI world.
Digimarc was back, with its unique technology that can embed a bar code invisibly in an image, whether that's in a magazine photo or the packaging on a can of soup. That approach enables very rapid POS scanning- no need to find a bar code. But at NRF the Digimarc news was a partnership with standards organization GS1. The main takeaway I gathered from the conversation - more soon - is that GS1 wants to be the central repository for all consumer product information, versus the "every company for itself" approach now used in scanning QR codes with a smart phone and seeing product data.
Instead, GS1's envisions that consumers will scan a product's packaging with the hidden Digimarc, and the info comes back in a standardized way from the GS1 repository. Interesting move for sure.
Changing gears, lots of developments on the hardware side of things. Zebra was there - after having acquired a part of Motorola Solutions in 2014 - with its exciting new TC8000 wireless terminal. This device looks like nothing you have seen before, much different than either the traditional "brick" or gun designs that have been around for 30+ years, and instead is more wand-like, with the display on a stick in-line with the scanner, reducing motion and tilting. It is an exciting innovation, and Zebra says it will generate low double digit productivity gains for some companies.
Italian company Datalogic - the only real alternative in wireless data collection to the Zebra and Honeywell duopoly after all the acquisitions in the sector - had an interesting new set of terminals that also break the traditional mold. One is more like a mini-tablet, the other a gun version of the same device. They are small, brightly colored, and use a more modern operating system (green screen appears at last to be dead). These devices are worth taking a look at for retail or distribution applications.
Infosys recently acquired a very interesting solution called Pandaya that it says reduces the cost and time for SAP or Oracle ERP upgrades by more than 70%. Impact Power Technologies offers batteries for wireless terminals in the DC it says last much longer per charge and have a much longer lifespans, saving many companies tens or even hundreds of thousands of dollars per year.
I covered a lot more - see the Day 1 and Day 2 videos. Will break out these solutions as individual clips in OnTarget next week.
Any reaction to our NRF 2016 review? Are we close to brick and mortar retail's last stand? Did you find any cool new solutions at the show? Let us know your thoughts at the Feedback button below.
Q: The US has the largest trade deficit in goods with what 5 countries (through November 2015)?
A: China ($337 billion), Germany ($67.5 billion); Japan ($62.1 billion); Mexico ($53.8 billion); and South Korea ($26.8 billion).
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Elon Musk is a man of many projects, who are expected to adopt some of his ambitious plans, these are just plans. But on Sunday, Musk tweeted a photo of a prototype of a "spaceship" designed by Musk to make space travel a possibility for many.
The image has been commented by many to look comically retro-futuristic, or for some it looks almost too simple and too cartoony.
The image he tweets is not a full size prototype, even though it's about that diameter. But Musk predicts that the starship will be much larger, eventually rising above Falcon Heavy.
In the tweets Pictures will be & # 39; Stainless Steel Starship & # 39; It is expected that most spacecraft materials will be made of durable materials.
Although much heavier than carbon fiber, the Falcon 9 consists of. Stainless steel provides a much more robust surface needed to withstand the rigors of a long-range space flight.
The material that Musk will choose is not earthbound stainless steel, but a mix of new alloys and a new design It over the previous stainless steel rocket designs. Musk says rocket design is "delightfully catchy."
The heavy metal will help the rocket to jerk, especially if on the launcher and not pressurized. The use of stainless steel marks the point on the design journey when Musk threw away the typical blueprint and started with a design he had described as "delightfully catchy".
At this time he also rebelled the Big Falcon project on a rocket to the spaceship. Musk has hinted earlier that he believes she will get along with three Raptor engines, adding that they have been "radically transformed."
"SpaceX's Starship and Super Heavy Rocket represent a fully reusable transportation system that also meets all Earth orbit requirements The two-stage vehicle – consisting of the super heavy rocket (booster) and the spaceship (ship) – will eventually replace Falcon 9, Falcon Heavy and Dragon. 19659015] In a variety of markets, SpaceX may redirect resources from Falcon 9, Falcon Heavy, and Dragon to Starship, which is fundamental to the affordability of the system. "
Other interesting design features include the fact that the Starship was not completed after its completion will be painted because it is too hot for it. It could get a shiny finish for maximum reflectivity, but for the time being, carbide contributes to the retro-futuristic vibes.
Musk believes the prototype will be ready for test flights as early as March next year, when it will bring the world up to date with the rest of its plans to make humanity interplanetary.
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Bolsas papel bolleria Hay 15 productos.
BOLSA ANONIMA PAPEL TEMA IMPRESO: Volare MEDIDAS: 12+5x14 cm (A+BxC) ¡¡¡PREGUNTE POR NUESTRAS OPCIONES DE PERSONALIZACION!!!
BOLSA ANONIMA PAPEL COLOR: Blanco MEDIDAS: 12+6x20 cm (A+BxC) ¡¡¡PREGUNTE POR NUESTRAS OPCIONES DE PERSONALIZACION!!!
BOLSA PAPEL ANTIGRASA TEMA IMPRESO: PAROLE MEDIDAS: 12+4x26 cm (A+BxC) ¡¡¡PREGUNTE POR NUESTRAS OPCIONES DE PERSONALIZACION!!!
BOLSA ANONIMA PARA BOLLERIA COLORES: Blanco y Kraft MEDIDAS: 13+5x18 cm (A+BxC) ¡¡¡PREGUNTE POR NUESTRAS OPCIONES DE PERSONALIZACION!!!
BOLSA PAPEL BLANCA COLOR: Blanco MEDIDAS: 13+5x32 cm (A+BxC) ¡¡¡PREGUNTE POR NUESTRAS OPCIONES DE PERSONALIZACION!!!
BOLSA PAPEL BLANCA COLOR: Blanco MEDIDAS: 13+5x18 cm (A+BxC) ¡¡¡PREGUNTE POR NUESTRAS OPCIONES DE PERSONALIZACION!!!
BOLSA PAPEL ANTIGRASA MEDIDAS: 1 4+6x32 cm (A+BxC) COLOR: Blanco ¡¡¡PREGUNTE POR NUESTRAS OPCIONES DE PERSONALIZACION!!!
BOLSA PAPEL ANTIGRASA MEDIDAS: 14+7x22 cm (A+BxC) COLOR: Blanco con motivo TEMA IMPRESION: PAROLE ¡¡¡PREGUNTE POR NUESTRAS OPCIONES DE PERSONALIZACION!!!
BOLSA PAPEL ANTIGRASA FEEL GREEN MEDIDAS: 14+7x22 cm (A+BxC) COLOR: Kraft TEMA IMPRESION: FEEL GREEN ¡¡¡PREGUNTE POR NUESTRAS OPCIONES DE PERSONALIZACION!!!
BOLSA PAPEL KRAFT COLOR: KRAFT MEDIDAS: 15+5X26 ¡¡¡PREGUNTE POR NUESTRAS OPCIONES DE PERSONALIZACION!!!
BOLSA PAPEL BLANCA COLOR: Blanco MEDIDAS: 15+5X26 ¡¡¡PREGUNTE POR NUESTRAS OPCIONES DE PERSONALIZACION!!!
BOLSA PAPEL 17+6x32 MEDIDAS: 17+6x32 cm (AxBxC) COLOR: Kraft ¡¡¡PREGUNTE POR NUESTRAS OPCIONES DE PERSONALIZACION!!!
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When Comprehensive Primary Care Plus (CPC+) was introduced New Jersey was among 14 regions to participate in the advanced primary care medical home model. This payment model is a partnership among Medicare, Medicaid, three payer partners and care providers that aims to strengthen primary care through regionally-based multi-payer payment reform and care delivery transformation over a five year period. CPC+ is a unique public-private partnership that gives practices additional financial resources and flexibility to make investments, improve quality of life, and reduce the number of unnecessary services patients receive. The payers in New Jersey have agreed to invest in 437 primary care practices by paying monthly care management fees which the practices use to promote high quality, patient centered care.
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Help me identify an obscure 50s/60s sci-fi movie?
This was an amusing little B-movie on a rainy weekend when I was a kid, but I have only one really specific memory by which to search for it.
This was a black and white, super low-budget film (more on that in a second), and I would put its production somewhere in the late 50s or early 60s. The setting for this film was not quite dystopian, but did suggest a present/near-future in which there had been significant radiation accidents that led to mutated creature(s?) terrorizing ordinary folks somehow.
That could probably be dozens of movies, I know. Here's the specific part. As it dawns on two of the characters how serious things are and what's really happening, one of them admits that he worked for the military on some atomic weapons research. Different animals had been exposed to heavy doses of radiation and morphed into monstrous shapes. The ex-military guy says that they were not allowed to take pictures of the creatures, but they were allowed to draw sketches, and - what luck! - he has those sketches with them. ("Why would they let you draw sketches if they...never mind...") We are shown a series of them with ominous music going in the background. But the sketches are terrible. They're clearly rough concept art that had been pitched for the movie, but which the super-low-budget could not realize. At best, they look like an elementary school kid's sketchpad before learning about perspective or anatomy. So, unintentionally hilarious, but cheesy and fun.
Do you recall what any of the monsters that appears in it were / looked like?
Not really, aside from big buggy-eyes and lots of extra limbs.
Elements of Tarantula (1955) here, but I'm not confident that's it - did you see this in the US?
Yes, in the US. And an American cast, which I presume would imply an American crew and production.
Downl...uh, buying a copy of Tarantula now.
No, in the end, it wasn't Tarantula. Thanks for the suggestion, ryanshepard.
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How do I open a screw down caseback?
Opening the back of the watch is simple as long as you have the right tools for the job.
You can tell if a watch has a screw-down caseback by looking at the back of the watch. If the caseback has notches evenly spread out on the back of the watch, then you know that the watch has a snap-down caseback.
Before you start, you may need to remove the watch band/bracelet so that your tools can fit on the watch back.
Place the watch case on a secure surface to prevent it from moving by using a watch holder or similar device to protect it and hold it steady during your work.
Make sure the case wrench fits securely in the notches of the caseback. Using your thumb screw control between the tips, open the wrench's notches wider than the case of the watch. Then, with one finger on the notch, tighten the wrench until both tips fit snuggly in the notches of the caseback.
When your fingers are securely in place on the watch caseback notches, you can begin to unscrew the watch back. Grip the watch holder to keep it from moving and begin turning the case wrench counter-clockwise to open the watch case.
Once the case back has been significantly loosened, you can remove the wrench and lift the back off with your fingers.
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The original World Trade Center in March 2001. The tower on the left, with antenna spire, was 1 WTC. The tower on the right was 2 WTC. All seven buildings of the WTC complex are partially visible; refer to map below. The red granite-clad building left of the Twin Towers was the original 7 World Trade Center. In the background is the East River.
The World Trade Center experienced a fire on February 13, 1975, a bombing on February 26, 1993, and a robbery on January 14, 1998. In 1998, the Port Authority decided to privatize the World Trade Center, leasing the buildings to a private company to manage, and awarded the lease to Silverstein Properties in July 2001.
On the morning of September 11, 2001, Al-Qaeda-affiliated hijackers flew two Boeing 767 jets into the complex, beginning with the North Tower at 8:46 a.m., then the South Tower at 9:03 a.m., in a coordinated act of terrorism. After burning for 56 minutes, the South Tower collapsed at 9:59 a.m. 29 minutes later, at 10:28 a.m. (102 minutes after being struck by the plane), the North Tower collapsed. The attacks on the World Trade Center killed 2,606 people in and within the vicinity of the towers, as well as all 157 on board the two aircraft. Falling debris from the towers, combined with fires that the debris initiated in several surrounding buildings, led to the partial or complete collapse of all the other buildings in the complex and caused catastrophic damage to ten other large structures in the surrounding area, including the World Financial Center and Deutsche Bank Building; three buildings in the World Trade Center complex collapsed due to fire-induced structural failure, and when the North Tower collapsed, debris fell on the nearby 7 WTC, damaging it and starting fires that eventually led to its collapse. The cleanup and recovery process at the World Trade Center site took eight months.
Plans for the use of eminent domain to remove the shops in Radio Row bounded by Vesey, Church, Liberty, and West Streets began in 1961 when the Port Authority of New York and New Jersey was deciding to build the world's first world trade center. They had two choices: the east side of Lower Manhattan, near the South Street Seaport; and the west side, near the H&M station, Hudson Terminal.(p56) Initial plans, made public in 1961, identified a site along the East River for the World Trade Center. As a bi-state agency, the Port Authority required approval for new projects from the governors of both New York and New Jersey. New Jersey Governor Robert B. Meyner objected to New York getting a $335 million project. Toward the end of 1961, negotiations with outgoing New Jersey Governor Meyner reached a stalemate.
At the time, ridership on New Jersey's Hudson and Manhattan Railroad (H&M) had declined substantially from a high of 113 million riders in 1927 to 26 million in 1958 after new automobile tunnels and bridges had opened across the Hudson River. In a December 1961 meeting between Port Authority director Austin J. Tobin and newly elected New Jersey Governor Richard J. Hughes, the Port Authority offered to take over the Hudson & Manhattan Railroad to have it become the Port Authority Trans-Hudson (PATH). The Port Authority also decided to move the World Trade Center project to the Hudson Terminal building site on the west side of Lower Manhattan, a more convenient location for New Jersey commuters arriving via PATH. With the new location and Port Authority acquisition of the H&M Railroad, New Jersey agreed to support the World Trade Center project. In compensation for Radio Row business owners' displacement, the PANYNJ gave each business $3,000 each, without regard to how long the business had been there or how prosperous the business was.(p68) After the area had been purchased for the World Trade Center in March 1964, Radio Row was demolished starting in March 1965. It was completely demolished by 1966.
A typical floor layout and elevator arrangement of the WTC towers.
Yamasaki's design for the World Trade Center, unveiled to the public on January 18, 1964, called for a square plan approximately 208 feet (63 m) in dimension on each side. The buildings were designed with narrow office windows 18 inches (46 cm) wide, which reflected Yamasaki's fear of heights as well as his desire to make building occupants feel secure. Yamasaki's design included building facades sheathed in aluminum-alloy. The World Trade Center was one of the most-striking American implementations of the architectural ethic of Le Corbusier, and it was the seminal expression of Yamasaki's gothic modernist tendencies.
A major limiting factor in building height is the issue of elevators; the taller the building, the more elevators are needed to service the building, requiring more space-consuming elevator banks. Yamasaki and the engineers decided to use a new system with two "sky lobbies"—floors where people could switch from a large-capacity express elevator to a local elevator that goes to each floor in a section. This system, inspired by the local-express train operation that the New York City Subway system used, allowed the design to stack local elevators within the same elevator shaft. Located on the 44th and 78th floors of each tower, the sky lobbies enabled the elevators to be used efficiently, increasing the amount of usable space on each floor from 62 to 75 percent by reducing the number of elevator shafts. Altogether, the World Trade Center had 95 express and local elevators.
The structural engineering firm Worthington, Skilling, Helle & Jackson worked to implement Yamasaki's design, developing the tube-frame structural system used in the twin towers. The Port Authority's Engineering Department served as foundation engineers, Joseph R. Loring & Associates as electrical engineers, and Jaros, Baum & Bolles as mechanical engineers. Tishman Realty & Construction Company was the general contractor on the World Trade Center project. Guy F. Tozzoli, director of the World Trade Department at the Port Authority, and Rino M. Monti, the Port Authority's Chief Engineer, oversaw the project. As an interstate agency, the Port Authority was not subject to local laws and regulations of the City of New York, including building codes. Nonetheless, the structural engineers of the World Trade Center ended up following draft versions of the new 1968 building codes.
In January 1967, the Port Authority awarded $74 million in contracts to various steel suppliers, and Karl Koch was hired to erect the steel. Tishman Realty & Construction was hired in February 1967 to oversee construction of the project. Construction work began on the North Tower in August 1968; construction on the South Tower was underway by January 1969. The original Hudson Tubes, carrying PATH trains into Hudson Terminal, remained in service as elevated tunnels during the construction process until 1971 when a new PATH station opened.
The topping out ceremony of 1 WTC (North Tower) took place on December 23, 1970, while 2 WTC's ceremony (South Tower) occurred later on July 19, 1971. The first tenants moved into the North Tower on December 15, 1970; the South Tower accepted tenants in January 1972. When the World Trade Center twin towers were completed, the total costs to the Port Authority had reached $900 million. The ribbon cutting ceremony was on April 4, 1973.
Plans to build the World Trade Center were controversial. The site for the World Trade Center was the location of Radio Row, home to hundreds of commercial and industrial tenants, property owners, small businesses, and approximately 100 residents, many of whom fiercely resisted forced relocation. A group of small businesses affected filed an injunction challenging the Port Authority's power of eminent domain. The case made its way through the court system to the United States Supreme Court; the Court refused to accept the case.
Private real estate developers and members of the Real Estate Board of New York, led by Empire State Building owner Lawrence A. Wien, expressed concerns about this much "subsidized" office space going on the open market, competing with the private sector when there was already a glut of vacancies. The World Trade Center itself was not rented out completely until after 1979 and then only due to the fact that the complex's subsidy by the Port Authority made rents charged for its office space relatively cheaper than that of comparable office space in other buildings. Others questioned whether the Port Authority should have taken on a project described by some as a "mistaken social priority".
For many years, the immense Austin J. Tobin Plaza was often beset by brisk winds at ground level owing to the Venturi effect between the two towers. In fact, some gusts were so high that pedestrian travel had to be aided by ropes. In 1999, the outdoor plaza reopened after undergoing $12 million renovations, which involved replacing marble pavers with gray and pink granite stones, adding new benches, planters, new restaurants, food kiosks and outdoor dining areas.
Lobby of Tower 1, looking south along the east side of the building, August 19, 2000.
When completed in 1972, 1 World Trade Center became the tallest building in the world for two years, surpassing the Empire State Building after a 40-year reign. The North Tower stood 1,368 feet (417 m) tall and featured a telecommunications antenna or mast that was added at the top of the roof in 1978 and stood 362 feet (110 m) tall. With the 362-foot (110 m)-tall antenna/mast, the highest point of the North Tower reached 1,730 feet (530 m). Chicago's Sears Tower, finished in May 1973, reached 1,450 feet (440 m) at the rooftop. Throughout their existence, the WTC towers had more floors (at 110) than any other building. This number was not surpassed until the advent of the Burj Khalifa, which opened in 2010.
Two World Trade Center's observation deck attracted enormous numbers of visitors. The Midtown Manhattan skyline can be seen in the distance.
Although most of the space in the World Trade Center complex was off-limits to the public, the South Tower featured an indoor and outdoor public observation area called Top of the World Trade Center Observatories on its 107th and 110th floors. Visitors would pass through security checks added after the 1993 World Trade Center bombing, then were sent to the 107th floor indoor observatory at a height of 1,310 feet (400 m). The columns on each face of the building were narrowed on this level to allow 28 inches of glass between them. The Port Authority renovated the observatory in 1995, then leased it to Ogden Entertainment to operate. Attractions added to the observation deck included a simulated helicopter ride around the city. The 107th floor food court was designed with a subway car theme and featured Sbarro and Nathan's Famous Hot Dogs. Weather permitting, visitors could take two short escalator rides up from the 107th floor viewing area to an outdoor viewing platform on the 110th floor at a height of 1,377 ft (420 m). On a clear day, visitors could see up to 50 miles (80 km). An anti-suicide fence was placed on the roof itself, with the viewing platform set back and elevated above it, requiring only an ordinary railing and leaving the view unobstructed, unlike the observation deck of the Empire State Building.
The North Tower had a restaurant on its 106th and 107th floors called Windows on the World, which opened in April 1976. The restaurant was developed by Joe Baum at a cost of more than $17 million. Aside from the main restaurant, two offshoots were located at the top of the North Tower: "Hors d'Oeuvrerie" (offered a Danish smorgasbord during the day and sushi in the evening) and "Cellar in the Sky" (a small wine bar). Windows on the World also had a wine school program run by Kevin Zraly. Windows on the World was closed following the 1993 World Trade Center bombing. Upon reopening in 1996, Hors d'Oeuvrerie and Cellar in the Sky were replaced with the "Greatest Bar on Earth" and "Wild Blue". In 2000, its last full year of operation, Windows on the World reported revenues of $37 million, making it the highest-grossing restaurant in the United States. The Skydive Restaurant, opened in 1976 on the 44th floor of the North Tower, was also operated by Windows on the World restaurant, but served only lunch.
The World Trade Center from the then newly completed West Side Highway in July 2001.
Five smaller buildings stood around the 16 acres (65,000 m2) block. One was the 22-floor hotel, which opened in 1981 as the Vista Hotel, and in 1995 became the Marriott World Trade Center (3 WTC) at the southwest corner of the site. Three low-rise buildings (4 WTC, 5 WTC, and 6 WTC) in the same hollow tube design as the towers also stood around the plaza. 6 World Trade Center, at the northwest corner, housed the United States Customs Service and the U.S. Commodities Exchange. 5 World Trade Center was located at the northeast corner above the PATH station and 4 World Trade Center was at the southeast corner. In 1987, a 47-floor office building called 7 World Trade Center was built north of the block. Beneath the World Trade Center complex was an underground shopping mall, which in turn had connections to various mass transit facilities including the New York City Subway system and the Port Authority's own PATH trains connecting Manhattan to New Jersey.
Twin Towers at night seen from the Empire State Building in May 2001.
On February 13, 1975, a three-alarm fire broke out on the 11th floor of the North Tower. Fire spread through the tower to the 9th and 14th floors by igniting the insulation of telephone cables in a utility shaft that ran vertically between floors. Areas at the furthest extent of the fire were extinguished almost immediately and the original fire was put out in a few hours. Most of the damage was concentrated on the 11th floor, fueled by cabinets filled with paper, alcohol-based fluid for office machines, and other office equipment. Fireproofing protected the steel and there was no structural damage to the tower. In addition to damage caused by the fire on the 9th - 14th floors, water from the extinguishing of the fires damaged a few floors below. At that time, the World Trade Center had no fire sprinkler systems.
The first terrorist attack on the World Trade Center occurred on February 26, 1993, at 12:17 p.m. A Ryder truck filled with 1,500 pounds (680 kg) of explosives, planted by Ramzi Yousef, detonated in the underground garage of the North Tower. The blast opened a 100 foot (30 m) hole through five sublevels with the greatest damage occurring on levels B1 and B2 and significant structural damage on level B3. Six people were killed and 1,042 others were injured during escape attempts complicated by smoke infiltration from the base of the building up to the 93rd floor of both towers. Many people inside the North Tower were forced to walk down darkened stairwells that contained no emergency lighting, some taking two hours or more to reach safety.
In 1974, French high wire acrobatic performer Philippe Petit walked between the towers on a tightrope, as shown in the documentary film Man on Wire (2008), based on Petit's book To Reach the Clouds: My High Wire Walk Between the Twin Towers (2002) (released in paperback with the title Man on Wire (2008)) and depicted in the feature film The Walk (2015).:219 Petit walked between the towers eight times on a steel cable.
In 1977, Brooklyn toymaker George Willig scaled the exterior of the South Tower (2 WTC).
The scene just after United Airlines Flight 175 hits the South Tower; a fireball rises high.
On September 11, 2001, Islamist terrorists hijacked American Airlines Flight 11 and crashed it into the northern façade of the North Tower at 8:46:40 a.m., the aircraft striking between the 93rd and 99th floors. Seventeen minutes later, at 9:03:11 a.m., a second group crashed the similarly hijacked United Airlines Flight 175 into the southern facade of the South Tower, striking it between the 77th and 85th floors. The damage caused to the North Tower by Flight 11 destroyed any means of escape from above the impact zone, trapping 1,344 people. Flight 175 had a much more off-centered impact compared to Flight 11, and a single stairwell was left intact; however, only a few people managed to pass through it successfully before the tower collapsed. Although the South Tower was struck lower than the North Tower, thus affecting more floors, a smaller number, fewer than 700, were killed instantly or trapped.
The 3 World Trade Center, a Marriott hotel, was destroyed during the collapse of the two towers. The three remaining buildings in the WTC plaza were extensively damaged by debris and later were demolished. The Deutsche Bank Building across Liberty Street from the World Trade Center complex was later condemned owing to the uninhabitable toxic conditions inside; it was deconstructed, with work completed in early 2011. The Borough of Manhattan Community College's Fiterman Hall at 30 West Broadway was also condemned owing to extensive damage in the attacks and is slated for deconstruction.
The first new building at the site was 7 WTC, which opened in May 2006. The memorial section of the National September 11 Memorial & Museum opened on September 11, 2011 and the museum opened in May 2014. 1 WTC opened on November 3, 2014; 4 WTC opened on November 13, 2013; and 3 WTC is under construction and expected to open in 2017. As of November 2013, according to an agreement made with Silverstein Properties Inc., the new 2 WTC will not be built to its full height until sufficient leasing is established to make the building financially viable. In Summer 2015, Silverstein Properties revealed plans for a redesigned Tower 2 with News Corp as the core tenant; the Bjarke Ingels-designed structure was expected to be finished by 2020. 5 WTC will be developed by the Port Authority of New York and New Jersey, but, as of February 2014, a schedule was not confirmed.
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Cudahy, Brian J. (2002). Rails Under the Mighty Hudson (2nd ed.). New York: Fordham University Press. ISBN 0-8232-2190-3. OCLC 48376141.
Glanz, James & Eric Lipton (2003). City in the Sky. Times Books. ISBN 0-8050-7428-7.
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0.999711 |
You're in the army now! As a member of the U.S. Army Rangers, you must control your team as it aims to eliminate the targets of its opponents. Can you complete the challenging mission subtasks in the allotted time? Based in huge, detailed outdoor 3-D environments, your missions revolve around several objectives, including reprisal attacks, seize-and-destroy assaults, counterterrorist attacks, and raid-and-destroy missions. Choose between stealth and all-out frontal assaults. Then navigate the team under the cover of darkness across thick jungles, barren deserts, arctic tundra, and dense forests.
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0.999999 |
Set S contains 26 distinct natural numbers. When the elements are sorted in ascending order, the first 23 numbers are consecutive, and their average is 24. What can be the value of the highest element in S such that the average of all the elements present in S is 30?
We can find that the 23 consecutive numbers start from 12 through 35.
Since the first 23 numbers add upto 552 the remaining 3 numbers should add upto 228. As the first 23 numbers are from 12 through 35, out of the remaining 3 numbers in order to make a number highest possible value we have to make the other two numbers to the lowest possible value.
The lowest possible values of the 2 numbers among 3 are 36 and 37.
228 - 36 - 37 = 155 is the highest possible element in S.
First since its consecutive numbers and their average is 24 we can get two things. They add up to 24*23=552 and the numbers go from 13 to 35.
Then we focus on the average that we want to get, 30 with 26 distinct numbers. So those numbers will have to add to 30*26 = 780. So the 3 numbers will have to sum 780-552= 228.
Since they ask for the highest number, we choose 36 37 and another one. So 228-36-37=155 and this is our 3rd numbers.
Let n1 to n23 be the 23 consecutive natural numbers, arranged in ascending order. Let n24, n25 and n26 be the remaining three numbers, in ascending order.
We know that for consecutive numbers, mean = median.
Now, to find the maximize n26, n24 and n25 must be 36 and 37 respectively (since all numbers are distinct).
please see my solution you would understand why first term has to be 13..
• Set S contains 26 distinct natural numbers.
• When the elements are sorted in ascending order, the first 23 numbers are consecutive, and their average is 24.
• The average of all the elements present in S is 30.
• The value of the highest possible element in S.
Now, when the elements are arranged in ascending order, the first 23 elements are consecutive integers and their average is 24.
• Hence, there should be 11 consecutive integers before 24, and 11 consecutive integers after 24.
• Therefore, each of the remaining 3 numbers must be greater than 35.
Now, to maximise the value of the highest element, we should minimise the value of the other two elements.
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0.967774 |
With paintings such as Still Life with Goldfish, 1972, Lichtenstein began a renewed involvement with still life. Unlike his 1960s still lifes which featured common everyday objects, the still lifes of the 1970s were usually more elaborate and included a complex arrangement of objects, some of them motifs from his earlier work or ornate tableaux in which still life and landscape are merged.
Still Life with Goldfish is based on Henri Matisse's Goldfish (1912), but it also quotes Lichtenstein's own Golf Ball. Here, as in many of the still lifes of this period, Lichtenstein manipulated imagery and composition - goldfish, bowl, lemons, a rubber plant, a golf ball, with multiple perspectives - to create a harmonious but implausible setting. In appropriating Matisse's image, Lichtenstein continues to play with the question of originality: the Matisse is itself a highly stylized version of a still life; is the Lichtenstein any less original for being a stylized version of the Matisse?
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0.929167 |
If I work out on an empty stomach, will I burn more fat?
It's not the fat burned during exercise that matters, it's the fat burned between your exercise sessions that really counts. Worrying about how much fat you burn during exercise makes as much sense as wondering how much muscle you're building while lifting. (You don't actually build muscle during training; you break it down to trigger growth.) Exercise is the catalyst for change, not the change itself. During a high-intensity workout, your body burns carbohydrates and creatine instead of fat. But—and this is a great "but"—it stimulates your metabolism, which in turn attacks your fat stores between workouts. So go ahead and eat beforehand. You’ll need the fuel to make it a worthwhile workout.
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0.99997 |
Bibimbap is one of those satisfying, all-in-one type dishes that once you have it, you want it again and again. I came across a recipe that made bibimbap into a homemade, healthier, vegetarian version. I have now made it about three times, with different veggies every time, and the result is always great. Below are some suggested variations on the recipes, and how to end up with a great dish.
1. Make sure your rice is cooked and slightly cooled.
2. For whichever variation you are using (or combination thereof), make sure all your ingredients are ready to go: Cut up your veggies. Precook your sweet potato and cauliflower. Cut up your tofu and allow it to drain a bit by placing it between paper towels with a heavy plate on top.
3. When everything is ready, it’s time to get cooking. Basically, you are going to cook an item, remove it from the pan and transfer it to a plate, add a new item to the skillet, and cook. At the end, you will throw in the rice and then add all the veggies back with it. Here we go.
Onion and kale: Heat 1/2 to 1 tablespoon oil in the skillet over high heat. Add the onion and cook for about 3-4 minutes until beginning to soften. Add the kale. Continue cooking until the onion is fully cooked and the kale has wilted. Remove to a plate.
Tofu/Protein, Garlic and Ginger: Heat 1/2 to 1 tablespoon oil in the skillet over medium-high heat. Add the garlic and ginger (if you are using) and cook for about a minute. Then, add the tofu (or other protein), and allow to brown on all sides as you stir around occasionally. When the tofu is almost cooked, add half the sweet soy sauce and the hoisin sauce (if you are using). Stir around, and remove to a plate.
Shitake Mushrooms and Zucchini OR Cauliflower and Sweet Potato: Heat 1/2 to 1 tablespoon oil in the skillet over high heat. Add the shitake mushrooms or cauliflower and cook for about 5 minutes. Then, add your zucchini or sweet potato. If adding zucchini, cook until it is fully done, about 5 minutes. If adding sweet potato, gently mix with the cauliflower for about a minute. Remove to a plate.
4. Now it’s time for the rice and to bring it all together. First, add 1 tablespoon oil to the pan. Let it heat, and then add the rice. Spread the rice around the pan, and add the gochujang and the remaining sweet soy sauce. Mix well to incorporate. Add the veggies and protein back to the rice mixture and continue mixing well to incorporate and scraping the rice off the bottom of the pan. If you are using green onion, add it now. If you want to add egg to your fried rice, make a well in the center of the rice (so you can see the bottom of the skillet), pour the eggs into the hole, and allow to cook a minute or two before mixing to incorporate. Continue to cook the rice, and scrape the bottom of the pan, for about another 3-5 minutes. Then turn off the heat, scoop into a bowl, and enjoy!
This entry was posted in Mains, Sides and tagged Asian foods, cauliflower, Gluten Free, Kale, MuSHrOOms, Potatoes, rice, SPICY, Tofu, Vegan. Bookmark the permalink.
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How to amass good customer reviews that give a boost to your business?
Did you know that the business reviews can endow your business with a boost in your website sales and traffic? The customers write the reviews with trust and full authenticity. And a local listing that encases lots of positive customer reviews would attract more visits of new buyers than a website which includes none. It is surely a wonderful way to stand out from the rest and give the others a huge competition.
With the gizmos and gadgets being used widely, it has leveraged the customers with the option to search and shop whenever they want and it is very important that you benefit from every available opportunity to stand apart from the rest. You can witness that whenever you search something on Google, the local search results would exhibit the positive Google+ reviews. The reviews with number of views, icons and all such things give a boost to your business and increase the sales at one go. It would attract the consumers to click on your website and help your business largely.
These businesses request every customer to write a review or give him/her a pre-written template to simply copy and paste. And with the similar sort of reviews getting posted a number of times, the search engines would recognize the unauthentic means and mark them as spam.
Trustworthy and hospitable customer service- If you treat all your customers like they are your star customers and you value them, if you hospitably deal with them. They would eventually advertise your business verbally by acquainting their family and friends about it which would garner multiple reviews for your business.
Social media- You must not simply use social media to ask or request people for reviews, instead use it as a customer service annex. If your customers mention your brand on their profiles or talk about your profile and business, try to thank them by praising them and letting them know that you are happy as they had a wonderful experience.
Communicate with your customers via email and blaze them with customer satisfaction surveys- You must always try to amass the email addresses of your customers so that you keep sending mails to them about the latest offers and promotions. Send them an email asking did they like your business, how was the shopping experience etc.
If you individually send emails to your customers, you are surely going to get lots of replies. This is how you can build more traffic on your site and amass lots of customer reviews that are authentic and true. You will not have to ask customers to leave reviews and it would help the search engines to mark you as an authentic and true website too. Therefore, acknowledge the aforementioned points and it would surely garner more and more customer reviews for your business.
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A POSITIVE COMMENT BASED IN THIS ARGUMENT?
Karen Bass was elected the 67th speaker of the California State Assembly on May 13, 2008. Assemblywoman Karen Bass is the first African American Woman to be elected speaker in California. Ms. Bass attended California State University, Dominguez Hills where she obtained her Bachelor's degree in Health Science. She also went to the University of Southern California School of Medicine where she earned her Physician Assistant Certificate. Karen Bass has also worked at the university as a Physician Assistant, nurse, and also an instructor (Black Past, 2015). Ms. Bass past experiences dealing with unfortunate individuals lead her in 1992 to find the non-profit organization Community Coalition. The organization was founded after the Los Angeles riots and its purpose is to improve the lives of the people in South Los Angeles.matts and grocery stores in the area for residents.
Karen Bass began her journey in politics in 2005 when she won California's State Assembly seat and became the representative for the 47th district of Los Angeles. Ms. Bass has done quite a bit of work as a house speaker. She has proposed legislation that focuses on California's budget and mortgage crisis. On a local level she has spent over six hundred million dollars to reconstruct the Los Angeles School District, eighty-two million to improve California's Foster Care System, and had lead legislation that promises children Health Families Insurance Coverage. Ms. Bass is also the deputy chair of California Legislative Black Caucus. Ms. Bass has been instrumental in the creation of the State of Black California Report, "Which examined the social and economic conditions of African American communities throughout California for the purpose of influencing legislative proposals. In addition, Bass serves on the Legislative Women's Caucus, Committee on Health, Committee on Utilities and Commerce, and Select Committee on the Prevention of Youth Violence, among the host of others "Ms. Bass' ended in 2010. (Black Past, 2015).level she has dispensed over six hundred million dollars to reconstruct the Los Angeles School District, eighty-two million to improve California’s Foster Care System, and had lead legislation that promises children Health Families Insurance Coverage. Ms. Bass is also the vice-chair of California Legislative Black Caucus. Ms. Bass has been instrumental in the creation of the State of Black California Report, “which examined the social and economic conditions of African American communities throughout California for the purpose of influencing legislative proposals. In addition, Bass serves on the Legislative Women’s Caucus, Committee on Health, Committee on Utilities and Commerce, and Select Committee on the Prevention of Youth Violence, among a host of others” Ms. Bass’ term ended in 2010. (Black Past, 2015).
Karen Bass has been re-elected four times since 2010 to represent the 37th Congressional District. Ms. Bass serves the following committees and organizations: the House Committee on Foreign Affairs where she is Ranking Member of the Subcommittee on Africa, Global Health, Global Human Rights and International Organizations. As a member of the House Judiciary Committee, Congress member Bass is also working to craft sound criminal justice reforms as well as protect intellectual property right infringements that threaten the economic health of the 37th District (Bass House, nd).
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Description: You play as a brave sailor. The action takes place in 1570. After Columbus discovered the new land they called New England, people began to steadily spread through the area. The central part of the mainland began to develop rapidly. And in this part of the world hastened to new ships from all over the world. Your task is to establish trade relations with coastal New England town. You are given a starting sum of $ 500. You have to trade goods with the best course for you. Remember, the more goods in the city so it\'s cheaper. Come in different ports, improve your ship, play dominoes with the sailors. The most important thing is to feel a sense of the old life and captivating plot.
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MT940 daily statements: these are available immediately after the end of the working day. In other words, Monday's statements are available on Tuesday morning, Tuesday's statements on Wednesday morning and Friday's statements on Monday morning.
MT940 payout statements: available immediately the payout appears in Administration (from 9 a.m. on the day of the payout).
MT940 monthly statements: these become available immediately after the end of the month. So on the first day of the next month.
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Christmas is just around the corner, which means there will be new video games to buy for yourself and your loved ones? What are the hottest most anticipated titles for Autumn and Winter?
Other big titles to look out for include the revamped GTA V on 18 November, Dragon Age: Inquisition (also 18 November), Pokemon Omega Ruby and Alpha Sapphire on 21 November.
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The Tale of Years of the Second Age is the sixth chapter of The Peoples of Middle-earth, the twelfth book in the series The History of Middle-earth. This chapter describes the writing and development of the history of the Second Age that would be published in the first part of Appendix B. As noted in the fifth chapter, The History of the Akallabêth, the text of that story and the construction of the Second Age chronology occurred in parallel.
The origin of the chronology for the Second Age appeared on two small half-sheets of paper. Christopher Tolkien labeled the first page 'T(a)' in recognition of its primary nature and because it was a set of calculations rather than a chronology. On the first page J.R.R. Tolkien wrote "Time Scheme" and stated that 'Ages' last about 3,000 years, although the Second Age was to be approximately 3,500 years long. Númenor was established 10 years after the Great Battle, Elros reigned for 410 years, eleven more kings followed with an average reign of 240 years each, and the last king reigned for 220 years, which all added up to 3,280 years. Post-downfall, 100 years elapsed before Sauron declared war on the exiles, another 3 years passed to gather the Last Alliance, and the Siege of Barad-dûr lasted for 7 more years, for a total of 3,390 years for the Second Age. To these calculations Tolkien added that the One Ring was lost 3,000 years ago (by the time of Frodo). For 500 years Sauron had been quiet. Smeagol got the ring about 600 years after the death of Isildur and thus had it for 2,400 years.
Tolkien also defined the lifespans of the people of Númenor: An average Númenórean lived 210 years (3 x 70), but for members of the royal house the average life was 350 years (5 x 70). A Númenórean king acceded between 100 to 120 years old and ruled for about 250 years.
The calculations above were then changed by Tolkien, in emendations on this page, as follows: The 100 years before Sauron declared war was increased to 110 years. The approximate length of the Second Age was reduced from 3,500 to 3,400 years. The establishment of Númenor was moved from the year 10 to the year 50, which put the fall of Númenor in the year 3,320 and a total of 3,440 years for the Second Age. In the Third Age, Sauron's quiet period was doubled from 500 to 1,000 years. The finding of the Ring moved from 600 to 1,100 years after Isildur's death, which decreased Gollum's possession of it from 2,400 to 1,900 years.
A last note added to the first page stated that Aragorn appeared as a hardened man of 45 although he was actually 90. He would live at least another 50 and probably 70 years. Being a pure-blooded Númenórean, Aragorn had an extended lifespan, but by the end of the Third Age this had dwindled to a double, not triple, life.
The second page of the original two half-sheets was the earliest version of the "Tale of Years" and so Christopher labeled it 'T1'. This page was so heavily overwritten that Christopher discussed instead a cleaned up version, still considered T1 since it followed the marked page so closely. In T1's Second Age chronology Christopher especially pointed out the "Foundation of Tarkilion" which he felt was quickly changed to "Foundation of Artheden (Dunhirion)”. Dunhirion was later corrected to Annúminas. Artheden was the first appearance of the word Arthedain but actually referred to the kingdom of Arnor.
Most of the dates in the next version, T2, were different from the dates in Appendix B for the same events (for example, in T2 Rivendell was founded in S.A. 750 while in Appendix B it was established in 1697). The most extreme dating difference was in the finding of the Ring: In T2 Déagol found it in T.A. 1100 whereas in Appendix B he found it in 2463. Christopher listed those points where T(a), T2, and manuscript A of the Akallabêth all agreed, which demonstrated their parallel development. He also made mention of two other points about T2: First, in T2 the Second Age ended with the taking and loss of the One Ring whereas in the final chronology the Ring was taken in S.A. 3441 and lost in T.A. 2 when Isildur was slain. Second, in T2 Elendil's son Anárion was listed before Isildur because originally Anárion was the older of the two. Accompanying T2 was another loose page that Christopher called T(b). It was a reiteration of the calculations of Númenórean lifespans.
Christopher discussed the various and confusing differences between computations and chronologies up to this point, noting that some of the later parts reverted to older concepts. The Akallabêth had a different scheme that arrived at the same ending point of S.A. 3319 for the Downfall. Christopher was at a loss to explain the textual puzzle for all these disparate pieces. He did feel that the formulaic calculations of the reigns of the Númenórean kings provided the framework for the chronology of the Second Age since the dating of events in Middle-earth were marked by extreme fluidity.
T3 was a copy of T2 with a few expansions. T3 was then expanded into version T4, which was reproduced in this chapter. Christopher noted that T4 did not introduce many new dates but the text for the existing dates was expanded so that T4 had become a condensed history rather than a chronological list. An amanuensis typescript of T4 was made, T5, which Tolkien heavily corrected, but mostly to trim the text by omitting phrases. At this stage the Akallabêth had reached its second stage and the entries for Ar-Pharazôn now refer to him as the twenty-fifth king of Númenor instead of the thirteenth. Some of the opening dates for the Second Age were altered, Nazgûl replaced Úlairi, and Avallon was replaced by Eressëa or omitted altogether.
After T5, Tolkien was faced with the impending deadline for publication of The Return of the King and had to finish quickly while cutting dramatically. Christopher presented a new chronology culled from a confused collection of manuscripts, showing out-of-order dates interleaved in a list. This mess was then replaced by a more coherent version, with many dates moved backward by one hundred years (but which were restored in the published Appendix B).
The entry for the years 2250 to 3000 broke off suddenly in mid-sentence, followed by a lengthy account of the history of the Númenóreans. Christopher believed that his father was daunted by the fact that no history of Númenor was to be included in The Lord of the Rings and felt that a mere chronological scheme was inadequate. Eventually this piece would be moved from the Tale of Years to Appendix A. Actually there were two pieces – Tolkien composed the story twice – which contained more information about Tar-Palantir, Míriel, and Ar-Pharazôn than was published. Two passages from the text were cited in this chapter.
This page was last modified on 16 March 2012, at 04:08.
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Make a list of the five hottest directors in Hollywood right now, and Taika Waititi would almost certainly be on it. Thor: Ragnarok, his first major blockbuster, was a massive hit at the box office, and he was praised for revitalizing the Thor franchise with a bright, cosmic action-comedy. So, it makes sense that he'd probably have his pick of projects in the future. As the buzz for Ragnarok spiked, a fan suggested that Waititi replace Colin Trevorrow to helm Star Wars Episode IX, to which the director replied that he prefers to "complete [his] films."
Waititi's comments apparently made their way back to Lucasfilm head Kathleen Kennedy, because she'd like to throw a potential movie his way anyway.
Speaking with New Zealand's NewsHub while promoting Star Wars: The Last Jedi, Kennedy assured the publication that she's a huge fan of Waititi's work on Thor, and would love to have him cross Disney franchises to come aboard Lucasfilm.
"I think he has exactly the right sensibility. It was very exciting to see him step into the Marvel universe and do such an amazing job with Thor."
According to NewsHub, she even urged the publication to "let him know" that she's interested, and when pressed if she was actually ready to make a real offer to Waititi, she said, "Yeah," with a laugh.
What makes this a little more interesting is that, after saying on Twitter that he wouldn't do a Star Wars film, Waititi clarified to Uproxx that he was only kidding.
"Look, I’m not an idiot. Who would actually say no to Star Wars? Of course, I didn’t send that idea very seriously, it’s more that in light of all the things that were happening over the last couple of months, it would make me a little nervous."
It's not clear if, or when, this fan-favorite partnership would ever actually happen. Waititi is presently working on a World War II film called Jojo Rabbit, and he's also been reportedly tapped to reboot Akira for Warner Bros. That's a very big project that'll likely be in pre-production and design for some time. A Star Wars film could be many years off, but if Kennedy and Waititi can actually set up time to chat, there might be a creative spark.
What do you think? Does Star Wars need Taika Waititi?
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Public transport (or public transportation) is trains, trams, buses, and other passenger transport available for use by the public. It is also known as mass transportation, or mass transit, and applies particularly to most forms of transportation which can move large numbers of people at once. Public transport systems are often government-owned and financed, but not always.
A tram in Melbourne, part of that city's public transport system.
There is no universally-accepted definition of the term. The main forms of public transport are rail-based services (such as trains and trams) and buses, but in some places ferries are also significant. Taxis are sometimes included, especially where they provide shared-ride services. Services by air and sea, other than ferries, are not normally included in the term. Neither are long-distant rail and bus services often included. The term tends to be used of services within a city or town, or between nearby cities and towns.
Public transport may be provided by privately owned operators, governments, or a combination of the two, a situation often referred to as "public-private partnerships."
The complexities of ownership and operation can be illustrated with the example of Melbourne, Australia, where public transport service was originally provided by private companies, but these were later taken over by the state government, usually when the private operators got into financial difficulties. The government also greatly expanded the rail system. Although the original tram operators were private companies, the tram network was greatly expanded by municipal councils providing services, but the state government subsequently took over all these operators. Many bus services were provided by private companies, but under government regulation, although the state government also owned and operated some bus services itself. In the late 1990s, the government contracted with private operators to operate the railway and tram systems, although these remained under government ownership and oversight.
Note that the word "public" in public transport does not refer to government ownership of the service. Public transport services may be provided entirely by the private sector, whilst private transport usually operates on roads provided by the public sector and paid for by taxpayers.
Public transport offers a number of advantages over private transport (mainly cars), but private transport also has some advantages over public transport. Whether one form of transport is better than another form frequently depends on circumstances specific to the location and the user.
Public transport provides transport to almost anybody, whereas private transport is limited to people able and licensed to drive or able to ride a bicycle or walk. Therefore, people too young to drive, people with disabilities that prevent or make it difficult to use private transport, including many older people, are often not able to use private transport, except by having someone else drive them. Many people dislike this lack of freedom to get around.
The ability of public transport to carry people with disabilities, particularly people confined to wheelchairs, varies, but many governments now require that public transport be able to carry such people. This can be helped by low-floor buses and trams, "kneeling" buses (that lower themselves to the ground to allow people to board), floor-height platforms, lifts at railway stations, and the like.
Public transport cannot achieve the degree of freedom that private transport allows to travel wherever and whenever a person wishes to. This is because public transport almost always operates on fixed routes and fixed schedules, and operation is often limited to specific times of the day and days of the week.
However, in places where public transport networks provide a good geographical coverage and operate frequent services for most or all hours of the day, seven days per week, this limitation of public transport can be minimised.
Of course, many people are not restricted to one or the other, but can use public transport where and when it is available and private transport for other journeys.
Relative costs vary enormously from system to system and circumstance to circumstance.
Walking and cycling are almost always cheaper than using public transport.
Travel by car can be cheaper than public transport when several people are travelling together, or where public transport charges by distance but doesn't provide a direct route or requires more than one fare to complete a journey. Public transport can be cheaper than travel by car when one fare can be used across several modes or for several journeys, when petrol (US: gasoline) is expensive, when other charges, such as parking fees or congestion charges are taken into account, or when the fixed costs of running a car, such as maintenance, registration, insurance, and loan repayments are included, particularly if the car can be disposed of and public transport used exclusively.
Travel by car or motorcycle, and sometimes bicycle, is often faster than a public transport service which makes many stops and might follow a circuitous route. However, where public transport operates on its own right of way (easement) and therefore avoids traffic congestion, or where it operates express (non-stop or limited-stop) services, it can often be faster than travel by car in peak periods.
Over longer distances, railways sometimes operate at speeds higher than any other land-based transport, with high-speed trains in various countries regularly operating at speeds over 300 kph (180 mph).
Travel by car allows one some freedom and benefits not available with public transport, such as not having to mix with, or crowd in with, many other people, to listen to music or audio without disturbing others, and so on. Travel by public transport imposes some social restrictions on people to be courteous and not disturb others who may not wish to be disturbed.
Travel by car allows one to travel in relative comfort, whereas seating in public transport may be uncomfortable or unavailable due to the number of people travelling exceeding the number of seats provided.
On the other hand, private transport tends to encourage or at least facilitate people isolating themselves from society, whereas public transport encourages people to be part of society. And public transport often allows one some freedom to stretch and move around, usually not possible with car travel except by stopping for this purpose and therefore extending the journey time. Travel on public transport allows one to watch videos, use a computer, read a newspaper, sleep, and other activities not possible whilst driving a vehicle.
Freeways typically take much more land than railways. This freeway being reconstructed in Oaklands has about half the passenger capacity (persons/hour) of the adjacent railway (darker line from near bottom-left corner).
Assuming that public transport is sufficiently-well used, public transport uses far fewer resources than car transport per person carried per kilometre or mile. This includes energy use (whether petroleum-based or electricity), land use for transport corridors, and land use for parking of vehicles.
To provide for people driving cars to work, sporting venues, etc., significant tracts of land have to be set aside for parking adjacent to the travel destination, whereas much less land or even no land needs to be set aside for public transport (which requires much less space per person carried, or can be run to a parking area remote from the travel destination).
Because public transport uses less fuel than cars, pollution is reduced, or even (potentially) eliminated if the public transport is run on electricity generated remote from the traffic or from environmentally-friendly sources, such as wind, hydro, and solar power.
Environmentalists promote public transport on the grounds that it is better for the environment, but it is also good stewardship of God's creation.
This page was last modified on 21 April 2017, at 15:35.
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Roughly 65 million years ago, the Chicxulub bolide, a mountain of rock 6 miles across, struck the Earth. The asteroid's origins are unknown, but fate had tied the destiny of our home, Earth, to that of the rock. When the rock struck, our Earth was changed forever.
The impact left several legacies: the enormous Chicxulub crater just off the coast of the Yucatán Peninsula, a layer of iridium-rich clay that forms the boundary between Mesozoic and Cenozoic in the Earth's rock strata, and the complete extinction of all of Earth's large animal species.
In short, the impact marked the end of the Mesozoic with the great Cretaceous-Tertiary (or K-T) extinction. The impact was by no means the only calamity to befall the creatures of Earth during the turbulent end of the Mesozoic, but it was the final straw, ushering in a new era in the evolution of vertebrate life on Earth. Many groups of organisms, the ammonoid cephalopods, the bennettitale plants, and the enantiornithian birds were completely obliterated by this, the greatest extinction in over 100 million years. Others, like the great dinosaurs, pulled through with only a tiny fraction of their former diversity left intact, never to be regained. The mammals, those furry, lactating therapsids, the creatures that had lost the original battle for ascendancy after the last great extinction to the dinosaurs, suddenly found all the doors open and diversification beckoning.
In the wake of the K-T extinction, mammals exploded into dazzling array of giant forms. Within 10 million years, almost all of the modern groups of mammals (and then some) had already appeared. The mammals conquered the land, The water, and even the air (although the last remaining dinosaurs, the birds, are unquestionably dominant in at least the last of these niches and actually possess more species than all other amniotes combined). Today, furry creatures occupy every continent and, only 65 million years after the asteroid struck, have produced organisms of astonishing variety, from blue whales to shrews, from hyenas to humans. The (non-avian) dinosaurs, once the largest land animals on the planet, have been reduced to mere stone and imagination.
But what if none of this history was true?
What if the rock had missed?
The Gargantuan Reptilian organisms also interested me when I was young (6-9 years.). My favorite out of the many Dinosaurs was the Ankylosaurus which was protected on the top from head to tail. The Body had a whole shell, while the tail had attached spike bones.
In short, the impact marked the end of the Mesozoic with the great retaceous-Tertiary (or K-T) extinction. The impact was by no means the only calamity to befall the creatures of Earth during the turbulent end of the Mesozoic, but it was the final straw, ushering in a new era in the evolution of vertebrate life on Earth. Many groups of organisms, the ammonoid cephalopods, the bennettitale plants, and the enantiornithian birds were completely obliterated by this, the greatest extinction in over 100 million years. Others, like the great dinosaurs, pulled through with only a tiny fraction of their former diversity left intact, never to be regained. The mammals, those furry, lactating therapsids, the creatures that had lost the original battle for ascendancy after the last great extinction to the dinosaurs, suddenly found all the doors open and diversification beckoning.
Very interesting stuff here - thanks for sharing!!
Scientists now know that T-rex, the Raptor species, and many other dinosaurs had pelt or feathers. Makes one wonder about "plumed serpent" mythology.
Interesting stuff, however we don't know if this is true.
That was the one that had the tail like a medieivel mace! Quite deadly.
What's really curious is a few years back it seemed they'd actually discovered some intact biological material (non-fossilized) of a dinosaur..skin IIRC. For the longest time it had been declared such finds were impossible, yet that took place. I think there's still many surprises as to dinosaurs.
It missed some important points which are important to us now. For instance, before this meteor hit earth, mammals were mostly noctural creatures, living at higher elevations. The earth's atmosphere was almost 35% oxygen, as opposed to about 20% now. Temperature on earth was warmer with tropical-type plants extending much further North and South. Then the meteor struck 65 million years ago and the Mesozoic ended.
Afterward, the whole planet changed. Earth became colder, with less oxygen. Plants which once grew only in the mountains moved downward and took the place of the tropical plants which retreated to the equatorial region. Mammals, who were used to the cold and difficulities of breathing at altitude, became the dominant animals. Dinosaurs had no diaphragm. They were simply unable to breath in this new world. The exceptions were the birds which were small and had powerful breathing muscles and somewhat adapted to altitude.
Our modern earth is comparable to the mountainous earth of the Mesozoic. It has never bounced back and now is in a new state of equlibrium. Geographers and botanists might call this situation "sub-climax" but it is now a situation kept in balance by other geological forces described by Lovejoy.
Why are we afraid of a little global warming?
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Ching Ming Festival is China's most important festival of sacrifice, is the most appropriate day of worship and graves. Grave-sweepers commonly known as graves, ritual activities of the deceased. Han and ethnic minorities is grave-sweepers during the Ching Ming Festival.
According to the old custom,people need bring wine fruits, paper money and other items to the cemetery when they grave, for offering food in the family tomb, and incineration of paper money, new soil on the grave, fold a few green shoots in the grave and Kow bow to worship, finally eating drinking home. Of the tomb of the Tang dynasty poet du MU's poem: "Tomb Sweeping Festival have rain, passers-by with deep sorrow. A tavern where? Shepherd yaozhi Heng Fa Chuen. "Write the special atmosphere of the Festival.
Tomb-sweeping day, also called Spring Festival, according to the Gregorian calendar, it was in the year from April 4 to 6th, is the season of spring grass green, was on an outing [ancient Ta] good time, and so the ancient tomb for an outing, and a series of sports activities of customs.
China's traditional tomb-sweeping day began about Zhou dynasty, has a history of more than 2,500 years. Qingming Festival began a very important cycle, bright one, higher temperatures, it is spring spring planting a great time, and therefore, "qingming sow beans." "Afforestation, can never be bright" proverb. Later, as clear and cold food day closer, and cold food is popular forbidden tomb sweeping day, little by little, cold food and Tomb-one, and cold food is becoming clearer, and also becomes for the Tomb Sweeping Festival is a custom, fixed the date of Tomb-Fireworks, only eat cold food.
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Urge the Ontario government to conduct a thorough and independent review.
Dear Premier Ford, I urge your government to take immediate action on the recommendation of the UN Committee against Torture which has called for a thorough and impartial review of how the Ontario Provincial Police responded to a land occupation by members of the Tyendinaga Mohawk Nation in April 2008. The OPP should be required to explain why they deployed snipers against a small group of unarmed protesters and how things got so out of hand that high-powered rifles were aimed at protesters and bystanders alike. There also needs to be accountability for the treatment of those arrested in relation to the protest, including the prolonged use of plastic restraints. It is deeply concerning that the OPP has been able to evade public accountability for this excessive use of force that could have led to injury or loss of life. A thorough and impartial review is long overdue.
“I was never so frightened in my entire life.” This is how Alberta Doreen describes the experience of having a high-powered rifle aimed at her by a panicked member of the Ontario Provincial Police.
The terrifying incident happened in April 2008 during a land occupation and road blockades by members of Tyendinaga Mohawk Nation, near Belleville, Ontario.
Although the land occupation and road blockades involved only a small number of community members – none of whom were armed -- the OPP responded by deploying more than 200 officers, including several officers with the Tactics and Rescue Unit (TRU). The TRU is tasked with responding to “the most serious threats to peace and order”.
At one point, the situation deteriorated so badly that police, panicked by a false report that a rifle had been spotted, prepared to fire on the land occupiers and on bystanders. When Alberta Doreen arrived at the scene to check on the safety of her son, who was among the land defenders, she was prevented from entering the area by an OPP officer who pointed his rifle at her.
Critically, there has never been any formal, independent review of how and why the police response went so badly wrong.
In December, the UN Committee against Torture called on Canada to address this glaring gap in police accountability by ensuring that a thorough and impartial review is finally carried out.
Join us in calling on the Ontario government to ensure that excessive use of force by police at Tyendinaga in April 2008 is subject to a thorough and impartial review, as called for by independent human rights experts at the United Nations.
The federal government has acknowledged that it is responsible for allowing an area of land known as the Culbertson Tract to be unlawfully severed from the territory of the Tyendinaga Mohawk Nation. However, despite years of negotiation, there is still no agreement on how to set things right. In the meantime, the federal and provincial governments have failed to work with Tyendinaga to ensure that the community’s interests are protected while this land remains in private hands.
Beginning in 2006, private development on the Culbertson Tract, including a quarry and plans for a new housing development, became the focal points of a series of protests and land occupations.
The decision to deploy hundreds of heavily armed officers, including members of the TRU, was a vast over-reaction and set the stage for excessive use of force. The OPP has never provided an adequate or credible explanation of why it was prepared to use lethal force against unarmed individuals peacefully exercising their right to protest and defending their rights as Indigenous peoples.
Extensive research by Amnesty International has exposed numerous concerns over OPP conduct during the confrontation, including the fact that five men arrested by the OPP were held for hours in plastic restraints while in police custody. Nylon restraints or “zip ties” are only intended for temporary use by the police and are designed to painfully tighten if the prisoner pulls on them. If the deliberate misuse of nylon restraints was motivated by a desire to humiliate or hurt the men, officers violated international safeguards against cruel and inhumane treatment and might also have committed a criminal act under Canadian law.
After Amnesty obtained video evidence confirming the misuse of plastic restraints, the OPP carried out a limited internal review. This internal review was so superficial that the OPP didn’t even attempt to talk to any of the men before declaring that it had no concerns over the actions of its officers.
To the best of our knowledge, this totally inadequate internal investigation is the only formal review of any kind that has been taken into the OPP’s actions that day.
Police accountability is a crucial pillar of human rights protection, especially when it comes to the dignity and safety of groups like Indigenous Peoples that have been the subject of deep-rooted racism or discrimination.
In 1995, an Indigenous land defender, Dudley George, was shot and killed by a member of the TRU at Ipperwash Provincial Park. At a public inquiry into that tragic incident held almost a decade later, the OPP offered assurances that new policies and procedures meant that from now on they would approach such incidents as “peacekeepers”. However, the implementation and effectiveness of these “peacekeeper” policies and procedures have never been subjected to independent evaluation, as recommended by Mr. Justice Sidney Linden, the Commissioner of the Ipperwash Inquiry.
Amnesty International began investigating the OPP’s actions at Tyendinaga because of the disturbing similarity to police actions at Ipperwash. Moreover, the OPP’s policing of the Indigenous land rights occupation and protests at Tyendinaga appear to be a sobering lesson in how not to police such incidents. The response from both the OPP and the Ontario Government to evidence of serious failings and misconduct has been dismissive – which raises additional concerns about civilian oversight and police accountability.
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0.88186 |
What is the ruling on making images, and is there is difference between a three dimensional image and other kinds of images such as photographs, or between pictures showing a complete image of a person and pictures which show only the face and chest and what is around them?
It is clear that image-making is one of the blameworthy actions of the jaahiliyyah which Islam came to oppose. It is well established from clear, saheeh mutawaatir ahaadeeth that it is not allowed, and that the one who does this is cursed and is warned of torment in Hell, as in the hadeeth of Ibn ‘Abbaas which is attributed to the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him): “Every image maker will be in Hell, and a soul will be given to every image which he made so that it might torment him in Hell.” (Narrated by Muslim).
This applies to all images of animate created beings, humans and others. There is no difference between three-dimensional and other images, whether they were taken with cameras or produced by painting, engraving or other methods, because of the general meaning of the ahaadeeth.
Whoever claims that photographs are not included in the general prohibition or that the prohibition applies only to three-dimensional images and those that cast a shadow is making a false claim, because the ahaadeeth concerning that are general in meaning. There is no differentiation between one kind of image and another. The scholars have clearly stated that the prohibition applies to photographs and other kinds of pictures, such as Imaam al-Nawawi, al-Haafiz ibn Hajar and others. The hadeeth of ‘Aa’ishah concerning the story of the curtain is clear, and what it indicates is that an image which is on a curtain is not three dimensional, rather it is a kind of drawing on cloth, but despite that the Messenger (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) counted it as trying to match the creation of Allaah.
But if the image is originally incomplete, such as a head-and-shoulders picture, etc., and there is removed from the picture that without which is could not live, then it may be understood from the comments of many of the fuqahaa’ that this is permissible, especially if there is a need for such partial pictures. Whatever the case, one has to fear Allaah as much as one can, and avoid that which Allaah and His Messenger have forbidden.
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Mention the name Dickey Betts and the words "no introduction necessary" come to mind. Raven Records presents Bougainvillea's Call: The Very Best Of Dickey Betts 1973-1988, 17 tracks and 77 minutes of powerful, emotional music and truly astonishing guitar playing and singing. Best known for his work with the legendary Allman Brothers Band, Betts also pursued a productive and successful solo career. This multi-label collection, culled from four solo albums, two compilation sets and the Allman Brothers' classic "Ramblin' Man" is a 'must-have' for any fan of Southern roots music. From the unique blend of country and bluegrass of his debut, Highway Call (1974), through the loose bluesy drive and sure-footed country-rock of Dickey Betts & Great Southern (1977) and the deep-fired Southern boogie and New Orleans soul-rock of "Atlanta's Burning Down" (1978) on to the blistering guitar attack of "Pattern Disruptive" (1988), this remarkable multi-label compilation displays Betts at his absolute best. Throughout, his guitar playing is the main attraction: ringing and biting, yet always melodic, soulful and heartfelt.
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