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The Huawei Mate 10 has been officially launched. It packs some similar specs with the previously launched Huawei Mate 10 Lite that was launched in China.
Huawei Mate 10 features a 5.9 inches screen display with 16:9 aspect ratio, built in full Metal body with an IP53 rated body for mild resistance to dust and splashes.
Also, the rear dual cameras are branded by Leica. Huawei Mate 10 came running on Android 8 Oreo which is powered by HiSilicon Kirin 970 chipset with a speed clocking at 2.4GHz coupled with a 4GB of RAM plus 64GB internal memory.
The device also has a 4000mAh battery capacity with fast charging as well. Have a look at the full specifications and price of the phone below.
Colors: Black. Champagne Gold. Pink Gold. Brown.
Smartphone Price: €700 / $822 USD / N296,000.
The phone is good, it has good specifications but it is too expensive.
Why? The device is too cost, but has gotten nice specifications.
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How long does it take to compile the SAGE from its source?
About 5 hours ago I had typed all commands for compiling the Sage from its source. After typing "make" I have been waiting until the process is completed. But still it doesn't stop and I'm afraid that there might be a problem. Could you please tell me how long time does it take to compile the sage from its source? Is it usually more than 6 hours? I'm using Macbook Pro 2013late. So cpu, RAM are not so bad. I can't understand why the sage doesn't finish the installation.
First, you can set the number of CPUs used for example with export MAKE='make -j3'. On Linux with three 3GHz CPUs it usually an hour or so.
It took me about 7.5 hours on my 2008 Intel I7 8GB desktop.
Compiling Sage takes a long time because it involves compiling a lot of dependencies and components. It can well take several hours if you are using only one core. As long as the process is running, there is no reason to suspect a problem.
If you are able to use several cores, this can reduce the build time, because several components can be built on different cores at the same time, see the comment by @rws.
When I compile Sage using only one core, I run make in the evening and have a look in the morning. On older machines, it can easily take 10 hours or more. On yours, I would expect 6 to 7 hours.
Given the intense CPU usage while compiling Sage, it's worth making sure cooling is going on properly. I pay attention to having some air around the computer, or even some air flow, to avoid overheating. For instance, I would not leave it flat on a pile of paper. Ideally I put it on a grid-like thing and near a window or fan.
Tools like ccache allow to speed things up when compiling new versions of Sage, by keeping the results of previous compilations for those components which have not changed. Under Mac OS X, ccacge can be installed using Fink, Homebrew or MacPorts, but having those around when compiling Sage can cause problems; I don't know if some people have managed to find a way to use it.
I appreciate for the explanation. Actually I typed the "make" more than 12 hours ago and went to bed. I thought it stopped due to battery-saving sleep mode. But now I see it took about 15hours. I can use SAGE now. But it's quite surprising.
I'm afraid that I put my macbook on soft cover...I do this always to avoid scratches. But I checked often the temperature of CPU and MB using widget to see RAM usage and the temperature was always below 55 degree(C). There might be no problem.
I suppose you left your computer plugged in to a power outlet, rather than operating on its own battery. However the build may have paused for some time due to energy saving settings.
Under Mac OS X (I'm using 10.10.2), in System Preferences > Energy Saver > Power Adapter, tick the box "Prevent computer from sleeping automatically when the display is off", and untick the box "Put hard disks to sleep when possible" to make sure that the build won't stop after some time of you not interacting with your computer.
Oh, Thank you again for the comment. I'd do it when I compile other packages.
You will save many hours of compilation. If there is an easy way to install pre-compiled atlas on a mac (no idea), you can avoid to compile atlas at all, by setting the SAGE_ATLAS_LIB variable.
In general, the more you tell about your system, the fastest the compilation will be, see for example how to set the number of CPU's to compile in parallel. There are many options that could be found in the environment variables section of the install manual.
In this particular case, since you have a Mac where we do not build ATLAS, the time is probably building gcc, which we do because Apple's compiler will not directly support a number of packages. So on Mac it does take significantly faster, especially if you are using only one core.
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How to convert Feet to Miles (ft to mi)?
1 ft = 0.000189393939394 mi.
1 x 0.000189393939394 mi = 0.000189393939394 Miles.
In relation to the base unit of [length] => (meters), 1 Feet (ft) is equal to 0.3048 meters, while 1 Miles (mi) = 1609.344 meters.
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Following a healthy diet is the foundation of healthy living and safe driving. South African diets are typically high in fat and lack fresh fruit and vegetables, leading to common shortages of essential elements like Vitamin A, C, B complex and Calcium. The table below will help to show you which elements are important in maintaining a healthy body and mind, and also gives examples of the main food sources in which these elements can be found.
Vitamin A Needed for a healthy skin and to fight infection. Essential for night vision. Liver, carrots, cabbage, pumpkin, tomatoes and sweet potatoes. Mouth ulcers, poor night vision, frequent colds, dry flaky skin.
Vitamin B1 Essential for energy production, brain function and digestion. Mushrooms, peas, lettuce, cauliflower, brussel sprouts and beans. Tender muscles, irritability, poor concentration and fast heart beats.
Vitamin B2 Turns fats, sugar and protein into energy. Important for hair, nails and eyes. Milk, cabbage, asparagus, broccoli, tomatoes and wheat germ. Burning eyes, sensitivity to bright light, sore tongue, split nails, cracked lips.
Vitamin B3 Helps balance blood sugar and lowers cholesterol levels. Tuna, chicken, lamb, turkey, mushrooms and cauliflower. Lack of energy, insomnia, headaches, bleeding gums.
Vitamin B5 Essential for brain and nerve function. Helps to produce anti-stress hormones. Peas, lentils, celery, strawberries, eggs, avocados and squash. Muscle cramps, burning feet or tender heels, exhaustion after light exercise.
Vitamin B6 Natural anti-depressant. Helps to control allergic reactions. Bananas, red kidney beans, onions, nuts, peppers and cabbage. Lack of energy, muscle cramps, depression, water retention.
Vitamin B12 Helps the blood to carry oxygen. Breaks down toxins like tobacco smoke and alcohol. Oysters, sardines, tuna, eggs, cottage cheese, milk and chicken. Anxiety or tension, constipation, tender or sore muscles.
Vitamin C Helps the immune system to fight infection. Keeps joints, bones and skin firm and strong. Turns food in energy. Strawberries, lemons, kiwi fruit, oranges, grapefruit, limes and tomatoes. Frequent colds and infections, easy bruising, nose bleeds, slow wound healing..
Vitamin D Helps maintain strong and healthy bones by retaining calcium. Herrings, salmon, oysters, eggs and cottage cheese. Aching, stiff joints, tooth decay, hair loss, muscle cramps.
Vitamin E Protects cells from damage. Helps the body to use oxygen and improves wound healing and fertility. Sunflower seeds, peanuts, beans, peas, sardines and sweet potatoes. Varicose veins, infertility, loss of muscle tone, easy bruising.
Vitamin K Controls blood clotting. Lettuce, cabbage, asparagus, potatoes and tomatoes. Easy bleeding.
Calcium Promotes a healthy heart and is essential in forming strong bones and teeth. Cheddar cheese, brewer’s yeast, parsley, prunes and almonds. Aching joints, arthritis, tooth decay, high blood pressure..
Iron Transports oxygen to and from the cells. Vital for energy production.. Cashew nuts, raisins, pork, dates, sesame seeds, cooked dried beans. Fatigue, loss of appetite, sensitivity to cold.
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I read a BBC article ‘Driven to his death: Mystery of motorcyclist body on M4’ about a motorcyclist who was killed by a man later convicted of causing death by dangerous driving and attempting to pervert the course of justice.
What struck me in particular was one paragraph in which it was reported that a couple had seen the motorcycle “spinning clockwise on its side in the near distance.” The woman passenger “screamed at her husband who swerves to avoid it, the bike still spinning as they pass.” There is no suggestion that this couple reported the incident to the police.
The article does state, earlier in the piece, that a member of the public called the police saying “There’s a motorbike right against the central reservation… It’s actually on the floor. But there’s no sign of the driver.” The inference I draw, perhaps wrongly, is that the couple did not report the incident. It was Christmas Day, a little before 6pm. It is, unfortunately, likely that they decided not to call the police, perhaps because the driver thought he might be over the limit; or more likely because they decided that it was not their problem and did not want to ‘get involved’.
Compromise is essential if disputes are to be resolved and allows business and personal relationships to continue in one form or another, or to have closure. Another use of ‘compromised’ is to “reduce the quality, value, or degree of something, such as one’s ideals” (Freedictionary). It is this second meaning that too often results from the first.
Compromise agreements are common in the context of employment where an employment dispute is settled, usually on the basis of a payment and commonly with a gagging clause preventing any disclosure by either party, including of the existence of such an agreement. There have been many recent examples thrown up by the #MeToo movement in which individuals report their regret at having accepted hush money and the fact that if they had spoken out a perpetrator might have been stopped sooner.
I have seen far too many cases in recent years of deals being done by major corporates that served their interests alone, protecting individuals and their brand from ‘reputational damage’, and allowing a situation to continue that they could have brought to public attention. Is it right that organisations that make much of their CSR efforts nonetheless turn a blind eye to wrongdoing with the result that it is allowed to continue to the detriment of others? In my view it is not.
How often do we hear the question ‘how did they get away with it for so long’? The reasons are all too human and reflect the corrosive impact of social media and other modern means of public humiliation and scrutiny, which do not deter those in power, but rather those who might call them out. Most will not put their heads above the parapet for fear of the consequences. Most will look and walk the other way. Most will say to themselves and others ‘it’s not my problem’. The message that we all need to heed is much the same as we hear on public transport: ‘See it. Say it. Sorted.’ Leaving it to someone else is simply not the right thing to do.
This post was originally published on pacipr.com.
Hope is not a strategy. Trust is not good governance.
A WordPress Commenter on Payments in foreign currency: disbursement or profit costs? What are the FX charges for, exactly?
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George Washington Mordecai, attorney, planter, financier, entrepreneur, and railroad and banking executive, was born in Warrenton. His father, Jacob Mordecai (1762–1838), had come to North Carolina as a merchant by way of Philadelphia, New York, and several Virginia locations. His mother, Rebecca Myers Mordecai (1776–1863), was Jacob's second wife and a half sister of his first wife, Judith Myers Mordecai (1762–96). Children of the first marriage included Raleigh attorney Moses; Samuel, merchant of Petersburg and Richmond, Va., and author of Richmond in By-Gone Days ; Solomon, physician of Mobile, Ala.; Rachel (Mrs. Aaron Lazarus); Ellen, author; and Caroline (Mrs. Achille Plunkett). The last-named four assisted their parents in operating the Mordecai Female Seminary, a prestigious boarding school conducted at their Warrenton home from 1809 to 1818. There, George received a classical education and later briefly taught. His younger brothers and sisters, who also were educated by their family, included Alfred, career army officer and engineer; Augustus, merchant and agriculturist of Raleigh and Richmond; and Julia, Eliza Sarah Kennon (Mrs. Samuel Hays Myers), Emma, and Laura.
In 1818 George Mordecai moved to the Raleigh home of his brother Moses, under whom he studied law. He completed his studies at age nineteen but had to wait until he reached the required age of twenty-one to receive his law license. In the interim he went by horseback to Louisville, Ky., to oversee the family's investments in the tobacco business. Admitted to the bar on 18 June 1822, he practiced in county and superior courts in Wake and other eastern counties until the 1840s, when his health and growing business and philanthropic pursuits caused him to give up circuit riding. Young bar candidates read law with him in preparation for their own practices.
On the death of Moses on 1 Sept. 1824, George became the guardian of his half brother's four children from two marriages. As adviser to the widow Anne Willis (Nancy) Lane Mordecai, he supervised the extensive Lane-Mordecai plantations while continuing his own law practice and that of Moses. He later became the guardian of Samuel Fox Mordecai II, his great-nephew, after the death of Samuel's father in 1853.
Mordecai was a leader in railroad pioneering in North Carolina. He was a subscriber to and an incorporator of the Experimental Rail Road (1832–40) that hauled granite from a local quarry to Union Square for building the 1840 state capitol. He was an incorporator and first president (1836–40) of the Raleigh and Gaston Railroad (later Seaboard) and traveled to England on business for the company during the winter of 1838–39. After the state acquired the road, he was again an incorporator and served a second term as president in 1851–52 under the reorganization, remaining a director for the rest of his life. When the North Carolina Railroad was chartered in 1849, he was appointed a commissioner to create its capital stock and was himself the largest subscriber in the railroad, completed in 1856. He had aided in attempts to build a Raleigh and Columbia (S.C.) Railroad in the 1840s. At the outbreak of the Civil War, he was one of the commissioners who solicited subscriptions for the Chatham Railroad (later Raleigh and Augusta), which was designed to link Raleigh with the Chatham coal fields. A frequent delegate to internal improvements conventions in his own and adjoining states (1849–50 and 1856–57), he also solicited subscriptions for the Fayetteville and Northern Plank Road in 1851.
During the closing decades of the antebellum period, Mordecai was involved in the banking interests of the state. In 1849 he was elected president of the Bank of the State of North Carolina, succeeding his future father-in-law, Duncan Cameron, and in 1859 he also became president of the Bank of North Carolina. Marshall De Lancey Haywood noted that shortly before the surrender of the Confederacy in 1865, Mordecai converted into gold some $500,000 of the bank deposits, which he secreted from possible confiscation by Union forces and later prorated among the depositors to whom the funds belonged.
In 1833 he had established with his brother Augustus and James McKimmon the dry goods business of Mordecai and McKimmon. After 1838 the firm continued under McKimmon's name in a large brick commercial building constructed by Mordecai and Gavin Hogg in 1835 on the site of the burned Casso's Inn in Raleigh. He also served as vice-president of the North Carolina Mutual Insurance Company, chartered in 1849; as organizing chairman in 1858 and longtime director of the Raleigh Gas [Light] Company; and as president of the North Carolina branch of the DeSoto Insurance Company from its organization in 1869 until his death.
Not until after the death of his respected orthodox father in 1838 did Mordecai take the formal steps to convert from the Hebrew faith of his family to Christianity. He was baptized the following year in Raleigh's Christ Episcopal Church and for the rest of his life participated in its affairs. A memorial window in the sanctuary commemorates his contributions to church and community. One of his first church-related activities was aiding in the establishment of St. Mary's School in the buildings of the former Episcopal school for boys. He served Christ Church as vestryman, senior warden, and member of the building committee for the new (present) stone structure consecrated in 1854.
As coexecutor of the will of John Rex in 1839, Mordecai handled details of the estate settlement, which resulted many years later in the establishment of Rex Hospital in Raleigh. Governor Charles Manly appointed him to the board of commissioners for building Dorothea Dix Hospital for the insane; Mordecai served as secretary of the board from 1848 until 1856, when the hospital opened.
In 1861 he was a candidate for delegate to the Secession Convention but lost the election by six votes, along with former governors Manly and Thomas Bragg. During the Civil War Mordecai assisted in purchasing provisions for the Confederacy and was treasurer of the Wayside Hospital Association. His pardon is dated 12 Aug. 1865.
After the war Mordecai assisted the Raleigh Memorial Association in establishing the Confederate Cemetery, and in 1869 he was an incorporator and first president of Oakwood Cemetery. The adjacent cemeteries occupy land made available by his nephew, Henry Mordecai.
On 1 June 1853 he married Margaret Bennehan Cameron (20 Mar. 1810–12 Mar. 1886), the daughter of Rebecca Bennehan and Judge Duncan Cameron of Raleigh and Orange County. After their marriage, the Mordecais lived in the Camerons' Raleigh home on Hillsborough Street, where they both died. The couple's only child, a daughter born in 1855, died in infancy. Mrs. Mordecai, a lifelong member of Christ Church, survived her husband by fifteen years. All three were buried in the Mordecai section of Oakwood Cemetery, to which other family graves had been moved from a private burial site near the Moses Mordecai home at 1 Mimosa Street. Mordecai House, as it became known, was acquired by the city of Raleigh in 1967; with assistance from numerous organizations and individual volunteers, it was opened to the public in 1972 as a historic site and center of Mordecai Historic Park.
Walter Clark, comp., History of the Raleigh and Augusta Air-line Railroad Co., Known Originally as the Chatham Railroad Co. (1877).
Marshall De Lancey Haywood, "Biographical Sketch of George Washington Mordecai," in Charles L. Van Noppen Papers (Manuscript Department, Duke University Library, Durham).
Little-Mordecai Papers, North Carolina Rail Road Papers, and Will of John Rex, 14 Nov. 1838, in Wake County Wills (North Carolina State Archives, Raleigh).
Memory F. Mitchell and Thornton W. Mitchell, "The Philanthropic Bequests of John Rex of Raleigh," North Carolina Historical Review 49 (July, October 1972).
George W. Mordecai Papers and Mordecai Family Papers (Southern Historical Collection, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill).
North Carolina Private Laws, 1832–1833, 1835, 1848–1849, and 1866–1867 .
Raleigh Daily Sentinel, 21, 23 Feb. 1871.
Raleigh Register, various issues, 1836–59.
Freedman, Barbara Cohen (1949-). George Washington Mordecai Born 27 April 1801 Died 19 February 1871. May 5, 2010. Photograph. Barbara Cohen Freedman Photographic Collection, State Library of North Carolina. http://digital.ncdcr.gov/cdm/ref/collection/p15012coll1/id/11969 (accessed January 6, 2014).
Mordecai, Samuel. Richmond in by-gone days. Richmond, Va.: George M. West. 1856. https://archive.org/details/richmondinbygone00mord (accessed January 6, 2014).
George Washington Mordecai. From the General Negative Collection, State Archives of North Carolina. North Carolina State Archives photostream on Flickr. http://www.flickr.com/photos/north-carolina-state-archives/8190905297/in/photostream/ (accessed January 6, 2014).
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I’m looking forward to speaking with you very soon. In the meantime, here are a few steps you can take to prepare for your free consultation with me.
Be prepared to discuss your background: This may seem irrelevant to your case, but it’s not. Discussing your background will help me better understand who you are and how I can use this information to help your case.
Bring copies of important documents: This includes police reports, affidavits, receipts, bail papers, notices of upcoming court dates, etc. The more, the better.
Create a list of witnesses: Anyone who can corroborate your story will be helpful in preparing your defense. You’ll also want to include eyewitnesses and character witnesses along with anyone who can confirm your alibi or provide evidence in your defense.
Write down questions for me: This will help us make the most of our time together. I’m prepared to aggressively advocate for your rights, so no question you have in that regard is off limits.
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Type 2 Diabetes Assessment: Are You at Risk?
Take this assessment to find out if you're at risk for type 2 diabetes and learn what you can do to lower your odds.
You're hungry. What do you reach for?
American Diabetes Association: "Diagnosing Diabetes and Learning About Prediabetes."
National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases: "Risk Factors for Type 2 Diabetes."
American Association of Sleep Technologists: "Obstructive Sleep Apnea and Type 2 Diabetes."
National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases:"Prediabetes and Insulin Resistance."
American Diabetes Association: "High Blood Pressure."
Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health: "Simple Steps to Preventing Diabetes."
American Heart Association: "African-Americans and Heart Disease, Stroke."
American Heart Association: "High Blood Pressure and African-Americans."
American Diabetes Association: "Physical Activity is Important."
Joslin Diabetes Center: "Growing Older and Staying Active with Diabetes."
American Diabetes Association: "Physical Activity."
Diabetes Forecast: "Smoking Is a Cause of Type 2 Diabetes."
The JAMA Network: "Active Smoking and the Risk of Type 2 Diabetes."
American Diabetes Association: "All About Cholesterol."
Diabetes Forecast: "PCOS and Its Links to Diabetes in Women."
American Diabetes Association: "Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS)."
International Diabetes Foundation: "Sleep Apnoea and Type 2 Diabetes."
National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute: "How is Sleep Apnea Treated."
American Diabetes Association: "The American Diabetes Association Lowers BMI for Asian Americans and Type 2 Diabetes."
Diabetes Forecast: "New Weight-Loss Drugs."
American Diabetes Association: "Type 2 Diabetes Risk Test."
American Diabetes Association: "Diabetes Symptoms."
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The inflation rate in Iceland between 1983 and today has been 1,938.88%, which translates into a total increase of kr1,938.88. This means that 100 kronur in 1983 are equivalent to 2,038.88 kronur in 2019. In other words, the purchasing power of kr100 in 1983 equals kr2,038.88 today. The average annual inflation rate has been 8.49%.
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Where to find total return interactive graphs?
Are there any sites that will generate graphs of total return for stocks or indexes interactively?
What I mean by total return is the amount of growth that a dollar invested would be worth. Including price changes, distributions (dividends), etc.
My main interest at this time is seeing how the great depression compares with other downturns. On price graphs the great depression looks like the worst, but I suspect that more stocks were paying dividends back then, which would have made it more bearable than the price charts imply.
You would think someone would have something like this! Fidelity and Morningstar have charts with limited capabilities for mutual funds.
They occasionally miss including a dividend or distribution, but 90% of the time they look OK when I have double checked them. If you click on one of the stock/fund legend buttons the chart will change to a difference comparison between that fund and the other funds. I originally used this chart to find tech companies that were relative bargins compared to my company stock. Now I use it to compare mutual funds.
Pick a stock/fund you know that has had a large distribution and see if it charts correctly.
Deluxe charting tools at investor.msn.com seem to fit your criteria. Of course, you must learn how to use the charting options. At most charting sites it seems to be hit or miss whether distributions are re-invested depending on the ticker symbol.
Never mind, you want to go back before data is available.
I don't see a total return chart format at MSN, other than the fixed chart on the fund quote page. Moving to the charting page, it looks like straight price.
Did you install the "deluxe" toolkit? Did you click on "Chart" in the chart menu bar, then on "Investment growth"? Did you ... ??
The link you supplied was not specific enough, nor were the instructions!
Click on the "Download the MSN Money Investment toolbox" link on the right, just above the ad. Do the download. After downloading, the normal MSN charts a magically "Deluxe" charts as far as I can tell. At least I did get a chart option for "investment growth" under the little "Chart" menu on the chart itself.
So far so good. I was able to plot lots of funds with this chart. You can select the time period, 10 years was the max selectable, I don't know if using custom dates would go farther back.
But... when I charted wmcvx, which had a big 30% distribution just before 1/1/08, there is a big drop in the "investment growth" curve where the distribution happened. They forgot to reinvest the distributions!
I did not try any other funds, that was the first one I could think of with a big distribution. wmcvx looks good at the StockCharts link I gave, a smooth curve with no distributions glitch.
So while this looks like an interesting possibility, it looks like it is not correctly representing "investment growth". No log axis when plotting investment growth either, so not much good here.
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"Three Kings", or "Three Wise Men", redirects here. For other uses, see Three Kings (disambiguation) and Wise men.
Adoration of the Magi by Bartolomé Esteban Murillo.
In Christian tradition, the Magi (pronounced /ˈmædʒaɪ/; Greek: μάγοι, magoi), also referred to as the (Three) Wise Men, (Three) Kings, or Kings from the East, are a group of distinguished foreigners who are said to have visited Jesus after his birth, bearing gifts of gold, myrrh and frankincense. They are regular figures in traditional accounts of the nativity and in celebrations of Christmas.
The Gospel of Matthew, the only one of the four Gospels to mention the Magi, states that they came "from the east" to worship the Christ, "born King of the Jews". Although the account does not tell how many they were, the three gifts led to a widespread assumption that they were three as well. Their identification as kings in later Christian writings is linked to Old Testament prophesies such as that in Isaiah 60:3, which describe the Messiah being worshipped by kings. This interpretation was challenged by the Protestant Reformation.
They are mentioned twice shortly thereafter, in reference to their avoidance of Herod after seeing Jesus, and what Herod had learned from their earlier meeting.
The Magi are popularly referred to as wise men and kings. The word Magi is a Latinization of the plural of the Greek word magos (μαγος pl. μαγοι), itself from Old Persian maguŝ from the Avestan magâunô, i.e. the religious caste into which Zoroaster was born, (see Yasna 33.7:' ýâ sruyê parê magâunô ' = ' so I can be heard beyond Magi '). The term refers to the priestly caste of Zoroastrianism. As part of their religion, these priests paid particular attention to the stars, and gained an international reputation for astrology, which was at that time highly regarded as a science. Their religious practices and use of astrology caused derivatives of the term Magi to be applied to the occult in general and led to the English term magic. Translated in the King James Version as wise men, the same translation is applied to the wise men led by Daniel of earlier Hebrew Scriptures (Daniel 2:48). The same word is given as sorcerer and sorcery when describing "Elymas the sorcerer" in Acts 13:6-11, and Simon Magus, considered a heretic by the early Church, in Acts 8:9-13.
Caspar or Gaspar (and several other Greek or Latin variants such as Gathaspa, Jaspar, Jaspas, etc.).
These names apparently derive from a Greek manuscript probably composed in Alexandria around 500 A.D., and which has been translated into Latin with the title Excerpta Latina Barbari. Another Greek document from the 8th century, of presumed Irish origin and translated into Latin with the title Collectanea et Flores, continues the tradition of three kings and their names and gives additional details.
Caspar is also sometimes given as Gaspar or Jaspar. One candidate for the origin of the name Caspar appears in the Acts of Thomas as Gondophares (AD 21 – c.AD 47), i.e., Gudapharasa (from which 'Caspar' might derive as corruption of 'Gaspar'). This Gondophares declared independence from the Arsacids to become the first Indo-Parthian king and who was allegedly visited by Thomas the Apostle. Christian legend may have chosen Gondofarr simply because he was an eastern king living in the right time period.
In contrast, the Syrian Christians name the Magi Larvandad, Gushnasaph, and Hormisdas. These names have a far greater likelihood of being originally Persian, though that does not, of course, guarantee their authenticity.
In the Eastern churches, Ethiopian Christianity, for instance, has Hor, Karsudan, and Basanater, while the Armenians have Kagpha, Badadakharida and Badadilma. Many Chinese Christians believe that one of the magi came from China. This final idea is used by Christopher Moore in his novel Lamb.
Bible historian Chuck Missler mentions about an Armenian tradition identifying the Magi as Balthasar of Arabia, Melchior of Persia and Gasper of India.
The phrase from the east is the only information Matthew provides about the region from which they came. Traditionally the view developed that they were Babylonian or Persians or Jews from Yemen as the Makrebs or kings of Yemen then were Jews, a view held for example by John Chrysostom. The majority belief was they were from Babylon, which was the centre of Zurvanism, and hence astrology, at the time; and may have retained knowledge from the time of their Jewish leadership by Daniel. Raymond Brown comments that the author of Matthew probably did not have a specific location in mind and the phrase from the east is for literary effect and added exoticism.
According to the Gospel of Matthew, the Magi found Jesus by following a star, which thus traditionally became known as the Star of Bethlehem. Various theories have been presented as to the nature of this star.
On finding him, they gave him three symbolic gifts: gold, frankincense and myrrh. Warned in a dream that Judean king Herod intended to kill the child, they decided to return home by a different route. This prompted Herod to resort to killing all the young children in Bethlehem, an act called the Massacre of the Innocents, in an attempt to eliminate a rival heir to his throne. Jesus and his family had, however, escaped to Egypt beforehand. After these events they passed into obscurity. The story of the nativity in Matthew glorifies Jesus, likens him to Moses, and shows his life as fulfilling prophecy. Some critics consider this nativity story to be an invention of the author of Matthew.
After the visit the Magi leave the narrative by returning another way so as to avoid Herod, and do not reappear. Gregory the Great waxed lyrical on this theme, commenting that having come to know Jesus we are forbidden to return by the way we came. There are many traditional stories about what happened to the Magi after this, with one having them baptised by St. Thomas on his way to India. Another has their remains found by Saint Helena and brought to Constantinople, and eventually making their way to Germany and the Shrine of the Three Kings at Cologne Cathedral.
A model for the homage of the Magi might have been provided, it has been suggested, by the journey to Rome of King Tiridates I of Armenia, with his magi, to pay homage to the Emperor Nero, which took place in 66 AD, a few years before the date assigned to the composition of the Gospel of Matthew.
In recent tradition the Magi have been portrayed as three kings, or noble men, of different origin. One from Western Europe (usually Celtic-like from the British Isles or France), another of African Origin (usually Abyssinian, Ethiopian), the last from Asia either from the Arabian peninsular (e.g. Yemen or Oman) or the Far East (usually China). The European is often portrayed with the Gold as the other two gifts were native to Africa and Asia so the Myrrh and Frankincense vary between "King".
Byzantine art usually depicts the Magi in Persian clothing which includes breeches, capes, and Phrygian caps. Mosaic, ca. 565.
Basilica of Sant'Apollinare Nuovo, Ravenna, Italy - restored above in 18th century.
The Magi are described as "falling down", "kneeling" or "bowing" in the worship of Jesus. This gesture, together with the use of kneeling in Luke's birth narrative, had an important effect on Christian religious practices. They were indicative of great respect, and typically used when venerating a king. Inspired by these verses, kneeling and prostration were adopted in the early Church. While prostration is now rarely practiced in the West, it is still relatively common in the Eastern Churches, especially during Lent. Kneeling has remained an important element of Christian worship to this day.
Three gifts are explicitly identified in Matthew: gold, frankincense, and myrrh. Many different theories of the meaning and symbolism of the gifts have been brought forward. While gold is fairly obviously explained, frankincense, and particularly myrrh, are much more obscure.
All three gifts are ordinary offerings and gifts given to a king. Myrrh being commonly used as an anointing oil, frankincense as a perfume, and gold as a valuable.
The three gifts had a spiritual meaning : gold as a symbol of kingship on earth, frankincense (an incense) as a symbol of priestship, and myrrh (an embalming oil) as a symbol of death.
Sometimes this is described more generally as gold symbolizing virtue, frankincense symbolizing prayer, and myrrh symbolizing suffering.
These interpretations are alluded to in the verses of the popular carol "We Three Kings" in which the magi describe their gifts.
Myrrh was used as an embalming ointment and as a penitential incense in funerals and cremations until the 15th century. The "holy oil" traditionally used by the Eastern Orthodox Church for performing the sacraments of chrismation and unction is traditionally scented with myrrh, and receiving either of these sacraments is commonly referred to as "receiving the Myrrh".
It has been suggested by scholars that the "gifts" were medicinal rather than precious material for tribute.
The Syrian King Seleucus II is recorded to have offered gold, frankincense and myrrh to Apollo in his temple at Miletus in 243 BC, and this may have been the precedent for the mention of these three gifts in Gospel of Matthew (2:11). It was these three gifts, it is thought, which were the chief cause for the number of the Magi becoming fixed eventually at three.
This episode can be linked to Isaiah 60 and to Psalm 72 which report gifts being given by kings, and this has played a central role in the perception of the Magi as kings, rather than as astronomer-priests. In a hymn of the late 4th-century hispanic poet Prudentius, the three gifts have already gained their medieval interpretation as prophetic emblems of Jesus' identity, familiar in the carol "We Three Kings" by John Henry Hopkins, Jr., 1857.
One of the earliest known depictions from a third century sarcophagus.
John Chrysostom suggested that the gifts were fit to be given not just to a king but to God, and contrasted them with the Jews' traditional offerings of sheep and calves, and accordingly Chrysostom asserts that the Magi worshiped Jesus as God.
What subsequently happened to these gifts is never mentioned in the scripture, but several traditions have developed. One story has the gold being stolen by the two thieves who were later crucified alongside Jesus. Another tale has it being entrusted to and then misappropriated by Judas.
In the Monastery of St. Paul of Mount Athos there is a 15th century golden case containing purportedly the Gift of the Magi. It was donated to the monastery in the 15th century by Mara Branković, daughter of the King of Serbia Đurađ Branković, wife to the Ottoman Sultan Murat II and godmother to Mehmet II the Conqueror (of Constantinople). Apparently they were part of the relics of the Holy Palace of Constantinople and it is claimed they were displayed there since the 4th century AD. After the Athens earthquake of September 9, 1999 they were temporarily displayed in Athens in order to strengthen faith and raise money for earthquake victims.
In Persia is the city of Saba, from which the Three Magi set out and in this city they are buried, in three very large and beautiful monuments, side by side. And above them there is a square building, beautifully kept. The bodies are still entire, with hair and beard remaining.
A Shrine of the Three Kings at Cologne Cathedral, according to tradition, contains the bones of the Three Wise Men. Reputedly they were first discovered by Saint Helena on her famous pilgrimage to Palestine and the Holy Lands. She took the remains to the church of Hagia Sophia in Constantinople; they were later moved to Milan (some sources say by the city's bishop, Eustorgius I), before being sent to their current resting place by the Holy Roman Emperor Frederick I in AD 1164. The Milanese celebrate their part in the tradition by holding a medieval costume parade every 6 January.
Queen Helen… began to think greatly of the bodies of these three kings, and she arrayed herself, and accompanied by many attendants, went into the Land of Ind… after she had found the bodies of Melchior, Balthazar, and Gaspar, Queen Helen put them into one chest and ornamented it with great riches, and she brought them into Constantinople... and laid them in a church that is called Saint Sophia.
The visit of the Magi is commemorated in most Western Christian churches by the observance of Epiphany, 6 January. The Eastern Orthodox celebrate the visit of the Magi on 25 December.
The identification of the Magi as kings is linked to Old Testament prophesies that have the Messiah being worshipped by kings in Isaiah 60:3, Psalm 72:10, and Psalm 68:29. Early readers reinterpreted Matthew in light of these prophecies and elevated the Magi to kings. By AD 500 all commentators adopted the prevalent tradition that the three were kings, and this continued until the Protestant Reformation.
Though the Qur'an omits Matthew's episode of the Magi, it was well known in Arabia. The Muslim encyclopaedist al-Tabari, writing in the 9th century, gives the familiar symbolism of the gifts of the Magi. Al-Tabari gave his source for the information to be the later 7th century writer Wahb ibn Munabbih.
Some religious traditions take a critical view of the Magi. Jehovah's Witnesses do not see the arrival of the Magi as something to be celebrated, but instead stress the Biblical condemnation of sorcery and astrology in such texts as Deuteronomy 18:10–11, Leviticus 19:26, and Isaiah 47:13–14. They also point to the fact that the star seen by the Magi led them first to a hostile enemy of Jesus, and only then to the child's location — the argument being that if this was an event from God, it makes no sense for them to be led to a ruler with intentions to kill the child before taking them to Jesus.
Holidays celebrating the arrival of the Magi traditionally recognise a distinction between the date of their arrival and the date of Jesus' birth. The account given in the Gospel of Matthew does not state that they were present on the night of the birth; Joseph and Mary remain in Bethlehem until it is time for Jesus to be circumcised, in Jerusalem, and then return to their home in Nazareth.
Western Christianity celebrates the Magi on the day of Epiphany, January 6, the day immediately following the twelve days of Christmas, particularly in the Spanish-speaking parts of the world. In these Spanish-speaking areas, the three kings (Sp. "los Reyes Magos de Oriente", also "Los Tres Reyes Magos" and "Los Reyes Magos") receive wish letters from children and magically bring them gifts on the night before Epiphany. In Spain, each one of the Magi is supposed to represent one different continent, Europe (Melchior), Asia (Caspar) and Africa (Balthasar). According to the tradition, the Magi come from the Orient on their camels to visit the houses of all the children; much like Santa Claus with his reindeer, they visit everyone in one night. In some areas, children prepare a drink for each of the Magi, it is also traditional to prepare food and drink for the camels, because this is the only night of the year when they eat.
In Spain there is a long tradition for having the children receive their Christmas presents by the three "Magos", (the figure of Santa Claus only appeared in recent years) during the night of January 5 (Biblical Magi Eve). Almost every Spanish city or town organize cabalgatas in the evening, in which the kings and their servants parade and throw sweets to the children (and parents) in attendance. The cavalcade of the three kings in Alcoy claims to be the oldest in the world, having started in 1886. There is also a "Roscón" as explained below. In Spain in the Biblical Magi Eve is also represented the Mystery Play of the Three Magic Kings.
A tradition in most of Central Europe involves writing the initials of the three kings' names above the main door of the home to confer blessings on the occupants for the New Year. For example, 20 + C + M + B + 08. The initials may also represent "Christus mansionem benedicat" (Christ bless this house). In Catholic parts of Germany and in Austria, this is done by so called Sternsinger (star singers), children, dressed up as the Magi, carrying the star and singing Christmas carols. In exchange for writing the initials, they collect money for charity projects in the third world.
In Puerto Rico and the Dominican Republic, children cut grass or greenery on January 5 and put it in a box under their bed. The grass is for the camels. Children receive gifts on January 6, which is called Epiphany, and is traditionally the day in which the Magi arrived bearing gifts for the Christ child. Christmas starts in December and ends in January after Epiphany.
In France and Belgium, the holiday is celebrated with a special tradition: within a family, a cake is shared, which contains a small figure of baby Jesus, known as the broad bean. Whoever gets the "bean" is "crowned" king for the remainder of the holiday and wears a cardboard crown purchased with the cake. The practice is known as tirer les Rois: drawing the Kings. A queen is sometimes also chosen.
This tradition also exists in Spain (and in Portugal, where it is called Bolo-rei), but with one small variant; the cake, in this case actually a ring-shaped pastry or Roscón de Reyes, is most commonly bought, not baked, and it contains a small figurine of a baby Jesus (or another present depending on the region) and a dry broad bean. The one who gets the figurine is crowned, but whoever gets the bean has to pay the value of the cake to the person who originally bought it. This is eaten on January 6.
In Mexico they have the same ring-shaped cake Rosca de Reyes (Kings Bagel or Thread), it contains figurines of the baby Jesus. The figurine of the baby Jesus is typically hidden inside the cake. Whoever gets a figurine is supposed to take the figurine to the local church and buy tamales for the Candelaria feast on February the second, which is the feast of the presentation of Jesus at the Temple.
In New Orleans, Louisiana, parts of south Texas, and surrounding regions, a similar ring-shaped cake known as a "King Cake" traditionally becomes available in bakeries from the Epiphany through Mardi Gras. The baby Jesus is represented by a small, plastic doll inserted into the cake from underneath, and the person who gets the slice with the figurine is expected to buy or bake the next King Cake. There is wide variation among the types of pastry that can be called a King Cake, but most feature baked cinnamon-flavored twisted dough, thin frosting, with additional sugar on top in the traditional Mardi Gras colors of gold, green, and purple. To prevent accidental injury or choking, the plastic doll is frequently not hidden in the cake at the bakery, but instead included in the packaging for optional use. Mardi Gras-style beads and doubloons may be included as well.
Adoration of the Magi by Fra Angelico and Filippo Lippi.
The Magi most frequently appear in European art in the Adoration of the Magi; less often The Journey of the Magi has been a popular topos, and other scenes such as the Magi before Herod and the Dream of the Magi also appear in the Middle Ages. In Byzantine art they are depicted as Persians, wearing trousers and phrygian caps. Crown appear from the 10th century. Medieval artists also allegorised the theme to represent the three ages of man. Beginning in the 12th century, and very often by the 15th, the Kings also represent the three parts of the known (pre-Columbian) world in Western art, especially in Northern Europe. Balthasar is thus represented as a young African or Moor and Caspar may be depicted with distinctive Oriental features.
An early Anglo-Saxon picture survives on the Franks Casket, probably a non-Christian king’s hoard-box (early 7th century, whalebone carving); or rather the hoard-box survived Christian attacks on non-Christian art and sculpture because of that picture. In its composition it follows the oriental style, which renders a courtly scene, with the Virgin and Christ facing the spectator, while the Magi devoutly approach from the (left) side. Even amongst non-Christians who had heard of the Christian story of the Magi, the motif was quite popular, since the Magi had endured a long journey and were generous. Instead of an angel, the picture places a swan, interpretable as the hero's fylgja (a protecting spirit, and shapeshifter).
Austrian artist Gottfried Helnwein depicted a more controversial tableau in his painting, Epiphany I: Adoration of the Magi (1996). Intended to represent the "many connections between the Third Reich and the Christian churches in Austria and Germany", Nazi officers in uniform stand around an Aryan woman, a Madonna. The Christ toddler who stands on Mary's lap resembles Adolf Hitler.
More generally they appear in popular Nativity scenes and other Christmas decorations that have their origins in the Neapolitan variety of the Italian presepio or Nativity crèche.
The Magi are featured in Menotti's opera Amahl and the Night Visitors, and in several Christmas carols, of which the best-known English one is "We Three Kings".
In the film Donovan's Reef, a Christmas play is held in French Polynesia. However, instead of the traditional correspondence of Magi to continents, the version for Polynesian Catholics features the king of Polynesia, the king of America, and the king of China.
Further sentimental narrative detail was added in the novel and movie Ben-Hur, where Balthasar appears as an old man, who goes back to Palestine to see the former child Jesus become an adult.
T. S. Eliot's poem The Journey of the Magi (1927) re-tells the story with a foreshadowing of the crucifixion, as does the poem Visit of the Wise Men by Timothy Dudley-Smith.
In Michael Ende's children books Jim Button and Luke the Engine Driver and Jim Button and the Wild 13, one of the Three Kings plays a major role in one of the main character's background.
Salley Vickers's Miss Garnet's Angel links the Epiphany story, and arrival of the Magi, with the ancient Zoroastrian elements in the Book Of Tobit, a Biblical book of disputed canonicity.
The Biblical Magi were the subject of the 1980 novel Gaspard, Melchior and Balthasar by the French author Michel Tournier.
The names of the Biblical Magi are used in characters related to ancient and almost-lost knowledge in the videogames Chrono Trigger and Xenogears.
^ Holman Illustrated Bible Dictionary. Nashville, Tennessee: Holman Bible Publishers. 2003. p. 1066. ISBN 0-8054-2836-4.
^ Also Psalm 72:10, and Psalm 68:29.
^ Mary Boyce, A History of Zoroastrianism: The Early Period (Brill, 1989, 2nd ed.), vol. 1, pp. 10–11 online; Mary Boyce, Zoroastrians: their religious beliefs and practices (Routledge, 2001, 2nd ed.), p. 48 online; Linda Murray, The Oxford companion to Christian art and architecture (Oxford University Press, 1996), p. 293; Stephen Mitchell, A history of the later Roman Empire, AD 284-641: the transformation of the ancient world (Wiley-Blackwell, 2007), p. 387 online.
^ a b c d Excerpta Latina Barbari, page 51B: "At that time in the reign of Augustus, on 1st January the Magi brought him gifts and worshipped him. The names of the Magi were Bithisarea, Melichior and Gathaspa.".
^ Acta Sanctorum, May, I, 1780.
^ Concerning The Magi And Their Names.
^ J. Duncan M. Derrett, "Further light on the narratives of the Nativity". Novum Testamentum 17.2 (April 1975), pp. 81-108: "Jean Danielou's conclusion that the Magi were an invention of Matthew"
^ A. Dietrich, „“Die Weisen aus dem Morgenlande“, Zeitschrift für die Neutestamentliche Wissenschaft, Bd. III, 1902, S.1-14; cited in J. Duchesne-Guillemin, “Die Drei Weisen aus dem Morgenlande und die Anbetung der Zeit”, Antaios, Vol. VII, 1965, p. 234-252, p.245; cited in Mary Boyce and Frantz Genet, A History of Zoroastrianism, Leiden, Brill, 1991, p. 453, n.449.
^ Page, Sophie,"Magic In Medieval Manuscripts". University of Toronto Press, 2004. 64 pages. ISBN 0802037976Page 18.
^ Gustav-Adolf Schoener and Shane Denson [Translator], "Astrology: Between Religion and the Empirical".
^ "Frankincense: festive pharmacognosy". Pharmaceutical journal. Vol 271, 2003. pharmj.com.
^ August Friedrich von Pauly et al., Realencyclopädie der Classischen Altertumswissenschaft, Vol. XVI, 1, Stuttgart, 1933, col.1145; Leonardo Olschki, “The Wise Men of the East in Oriental Traditions”, Semitic and Oriental Studies, University of California Publications in Semitic Philology, Vol.11, 1951, pp.375-395, p.380, n.46; cited in Mary Boyce and Frantz Genet, A History of Zoroastrianism, Leiden, Brill, 1991, p.450, n.438.
^ Lambert, John Chisholm, in James Hastings (ed.) "A Dictionary of Christ and the Gospels". Page 100.
^ Polo, Marco, The Book of the Million, book i.
^ We, three kings of Orient were.
^ "Christmas Customs -- Are They Christian?". Jehovah's Witnesses Official Web Site. Watch Tower Bible and Tract Society of Pennsylvania. 2000-12-15. http://www.watchtower.org/e/20001215/article_01.htm. Retrieved 2009-12-19.
^ "Jesus' Birth The Real Story". Jehovah's Witnesses Official Web Site. Watch Tower Bible and Tract Society of Pennsylvania. 1998-12-15. http://www.watchtower.org/library/w/2000/12/15/article_01.htm. Retrieved 2009-12-19.
^ À mesa com o tradicional Bolo-rei - Uma instituição nacional Matosinhos Hoje, 6 January 2010.
^ Baker, Kenneth (9 August 2004). "Dark and detached, the art of Gottfried Helnwein demands a response.". San Francisco Chronicle (accessed with EBSCOHost).
^ Dudley-Smith, Timothy (1984). Lift Every Heart: Collected hymns 1961-1983 and some early poems. Collins. ISBN 0-00-599797-6.
Albright, W. F. and C. S. Mann. "Matthew." The Anchor Bible Series. New York: Doubleday & Company, 1971.
Alfred Becker: “Franks Casket. Zu den Bildern und Inschriften des Runenkästchens von Auzon (Regensburg, 1973) pp. 125–142, Ikonographie der Magierbilder, Inschriften.
Brown, Raymond E. The Birth of the Messiah: A Commentary on the Infancy Narratives in Matthew and Luke. London: G. Chapman, 1977.
Clarke, Howard W. The Gospel of Matthew and its Readers: A Historical Introduction to the First Gospel. Bloomington.
Chrysostom, John "Homilies on Matthew: Homily VI". circa fourth century.
France, R. T. The Gospel According to Matthew: an Introduction and Commentary. Leicester: Inter-Varsity, 1985.
Gundry, Robert H. Matthew a Commentary on his Literary and Theological Art. Grand Rapids: William B. Eerdmans Publishing Company, 1982.
Benecke, P. V. M. (1900). "Magi". in James Hastings. A Dictionary of the Bible. III. pp. 203–206. http://www.ccel.org/ccel/hastings/dictv3/Page_203.html.
Lambert, John Chisholm, A Dictionary of Christ and the Gospels. Page 97 - 101.
Levine, Amy-Jill. "Matthew." Women's Bible Commentary. Carol A. Newsom and Sharon H. Ringe, eds. Louisville: Westminster John Knox Press, 1998.
Powell, Mark Allan. "The Magi as Wise Men: Re-examining a Basic Supposition." New Testament Studies. Vol. 46, 2000.
Watson, Richard, A Biblical and Theological Dictionary Page 608 - 611.
Caroline Stone, "We Three Kings of Orient Were"
"Procession of the Three Kings in Valencia"
Documentary proofs: The census of Augustus and the first census (and taxes) of Publius Sulpicius Quirinius in the year 8 BC - TOBIAS-lib - Bethlehem. Die christliche Legende : ein historisches Ereignis im Konsulatsjahr des Gaius Censorinus und Gaius Asinius 8 v. Chr.
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Why Celebrate the 3rd of July?
July 3rd marks an equally important day for American independence, says Walter Rodgers, recalling how the Union's Civil War victories at Gettysburg and Vicksburg presaged the modern state.
July 3rd marks an equally important day for American independence, says Walter Rodgers, recalling how the Union's Civil War victories at Gettysburg and Vicksburg presaged the modern state. "The fate of our beloved country hung in the balance those first few days of July 1863 because of the mortal threat posed by the Confederate States’ insurrection and rebellion. Without the epic Union Victory at Gettysburg, Pa., on July 3, 1863, and the Confederate surrender of their 'Gibraltar' at Vicksburg above the Mississippi River the same day, we might have reverted to being dominated by an English monarch instead of becoming citizens of the greatest republic in the history of the world."
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Q: 1 What is the difference between the emotion and attitude? Give example of each.
Emotions and attitudes in the workplace play a large role in how an entire organization communicates within itself and to the outside world. Events at work have real emotional impact on participants. The consequences of emotional states in the workplace, both behavioral and attitudinal, have substantial significance for individuals, groups, and society.
For example, an employee who works in a poor work environment, low payment compared to the amount of he/she does, and long working hours would result in managers facing employees with negative work attitudes. This would be expressed by phrases such as "I hate working in this place" hate is an emotion and it would manifest itself in negative attitude toward the place such us, the employee might show up late to work on regular bases, high level of absenteeism.
To sum up, a clear distinction between emotion and attitudes could be put in the following. "Attitudes are judgments, whereas emotions are experiences. In other words, attitudes involve conscious logical reasoning, whereas, emotions operate as events, usually without our awareness. We also experience most emotions briefly, whereas our attitude toward someone or something is more stable over time.
Q: 2 in any service organization, employees are dealing directly with their customers. In some cases they do something against their belief. Discuss such situation.
In the workplace, sometimes people discover that what they belief in and their attitude is conflicting with their behavior or their actions. Thus, leaving them in a state of emotional inconsistency. For example, for an employee who has a very high organizational commitment may conflict with his beliefs that family ties come first. He will be found spending long hours at work as well as working on weekends yet, he might think to himself that this is would lead to him being promoted or a chance of getting an incentive. By justifying the behavior, he would be more relaxed and content with himself.
Another example is employees who work in a restaurant and highly belief in the disadvantages of alcohol. At the same time the employee strongly belief in dedication, hardworking and loyalty to the place he works for and doing what the boss asks him to do which is in the interest of the business. The employee finds himself in a very awkward position when alcohol was introduced to the menu and he was asked to serve it to the customers. In this situation, the employee is confronted with two contradicting beliefs, his beliefs of the disadvantages of alcohol and his contribution to serving it to the customer. As a result, the employee behavior is not consistent with his belief, and prompting the employee to change his belief or find a way to ease things up by actually rationalizing that situation by thinking that drinking alcohol is a personal issue and adults know its disadvantages and that’s it's not something the employee have to worry about. By shifting the attitude this way, behavior is not any longer inconsistence with the attitude or belief of the employee. Thus, the conflict is resolved.
Q: 3 define the emotional intelligence. How can you utilize such idea in directing your subordinates' behavior.
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Is amount of water in the tub too little?
and dropped on to the bottom of the tub. Therefore, it is designed to take less water for washing.
■ Since less water is used, it helps to save water consumption.
■ Although the surface of water cannot be seen as the laundry is soaked with water, washing is properly done.
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How do i code the following on stockcharts?
You can select the indicators in your scan - moving average and close (price) - from the drop downs on the advanced scan workbench and edit them to your needs. They have the correct syntax already built in.
For "moving average" select SMA.
Edit and combine the default versions to match your conditions.
The look back adjustment is just how you have it, e.g. 1 day ago close.
The only difficult line is "and 200day moving average is 15% lower than the price 1 day ago".
It's very unlikely the 200 day moving average ( or sma(200,close) ) will be EXACTLY 15% lower, so you have to define a range. So maybe sma is less than close * .85 and sma is greater than close * .80, or between 15 and 20 % lower.
I strongly suggest you spend some more time with the scanning videos, and look back through my previous answers for a condensed version of the basic rules.
I rarely will write complete scans for people because others then pile on and want me to do their work for them.
I am happy to help with tricky logic problems or arcane details of syntactically correct scans that produce unexpected results. But I'm not here to be a scan writing service.
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0.999013 |
Are there specific ways instructors are allowed to use copyright protected material for teaching?
Instructors are permitted to make use of copyright protected materials in ways that other users are not for the purpose of providing education and instruction on the premises of an educational institution.
Instructors are permitted to reproduce a work, or do any other necessary act, in order to display it for the purposes of education. This would include, for example, scanning an image in a textbook for inclusion in a PowerPoint presentation.
Instructors can play sound recordings for students on the premises of an educational institution, as long as the work is not an infringing copy.
They may also play radio or television programs live when they are being broadcast. It has been interpreted that this, arguably, includes webcasts.
In the classroom, instructors are permitted to reproduce and communicate works available on the Internet (provided that the works are not protected by “digital locks,” there is no notice specifically prohibiting the intended activity, and the work has not been made available in violation of the copyright owner’s rights). The source and, if possible, the creator's name must be cited.
It is permissible to show a film or other cinematographic work as long as it is for educational or training purposes and as long as the work is not an infringing copy.
Instructors may copy news and news commentary from radio and television broadcasts for educational or personal use.
Lessons containing copyright protected works beyond the fair dealing limits, including tests and exams, may be recorded and communicated (e.g. in Canvas) to students enrolled in the course, provided that the recording or copy is destroyed within 30 days after the end of the course and the institution takes measures to limit the audience to only students registered in the course.
There is a specific exception that permits reproducing copyright protected material for testing and examination purposes. Therefore, material protected by copyright can be reproduced, translated, preformed, or broadcast on university premises for a test or exam.
Works such as plays or music can be performed live by students without infringing copyright if the performance takes place on the premises of the school and the audience is primarily students of the school or instructors.
See the Copyright Office's infographic for details.
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Calculating closing costs involves adding up all of the various fees and charges a homebuyer pays when taking ownership of a home, like lender charges and settlement services, as well as pre-paid and escrow amounts.
Edit Article How to Calculate Closing Costs. In this Article: Calculating Typical Buyer Closing Costs Calculating Typical Seller Closing Costs Community Q&A The closing costs on a real estate purchase are the variety of fees that you will have to pay to finalize your sale.
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In March 1992 a man living in Newtown near Boston Massachusetts received a bill for his as yet unused credit card stating that he owed $0.00. He ignored it and threw it away. In April he received another and threw that one away too. The following month the credit card company sent him a very nasty note stating they were going to cancel his card if he didn't send them $0.00 by return of post. He called them, talked to them, they said it was a computer error and told him they'd take care of it.
The following month he decided that it was about time that he tried out the troublesome credit card figuring that if there were purchases on his account it would put an end to his ridiculous predicament. However, in the first store that he produced his credit card in payment for his purchases he found that his card had been canceled. He called the credit card company who apologized for the computer error once again and said that they would take care of it. The next day he got a bill for $0.00 stating that payment was now overdue. Assuming that having spoken to the credit card company only the previous day the latest bill was yet another mistake he ignored it, trusting that the company would be as good as their word and sort the problem out.
The next month he got a bill for $0.00 stating that he had 10 days to pay his account or the company would have to take steps to recover the debt. Finally giving in, he thought he would play the company at their own game and mailed them a check for $0.00. The computer duly processed his account and returned a statement to the effect that he now owed the credit card company nothing at all.
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Wanted to know why do fashion designers showcase shorts skirts as part of their autumn winter collection.
That's an awesome question. In Paris during Christmas time, Parisian women stroll the streets in short dresses and skirts with tights/colons underneath. It looks gorgeous with their beautiful coats and boots.
Skirts are considered a huge part of fall and winter fashion especially during holiday season. Some skirts are made of thick materials or wool and for some women the tights underneath is enough to keep them warm, so it depends on their tolerance to the weather. Also in a lot of countries, all indoors areas are heated during the winter so they only get to experience the cold as they move from one place to another.
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stars based on a numbe of 1170 reviews.
Excellent product and at a very very good price!!!!
Your prices are so unbelievably less than anywhere else, I almost feel sorry for those who don't know about you!
I could not be more satisfied with every aspect of my experiences as your customer!
I would have preferred a wider blank canvas border around the print as I had to add canvas strips to the side edges in order to frame it on stretcher bars!
The entire process was easy, and I didn't really need to call for any customer service.
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Gerhardt Otto Dornhofer (born February 2, 1943), better known as Gary Dornhoefer, is a Canadian former professional ice hockey right winger who played 14 seasons in the National Hockey League (NHL) for the Boston Bruins and Philadelphia Flyers. He was a member of the Flyers' back-to-back Stanley Cup championship teams in 1974 and 1975.
After playing his junior hockey with the Niagara Falls Flyers of the Ontario Hockey Association, Dornhoefer made his NHL debut with the Boston Bruins in the 1964 season, playing in 32 games, scoring twelve goals and ten assists. After that promising start, he played poorly to start the next season and was little used by Boston thereafter, spending most of the next three seasons in the minor leagues, principally with the Hershey Bears of the American Hockey League.
Dornhoefer was left unprotected in the 1967 NHL Expansion Draft. The Philadelphia Flyers selected him with the 13th pick overall, and he would never play with another team.
Statue depicting Dornhoefer's overtime goal during the 1973 Stanley Cup playoffs.
In that first year with Philadelphia, Dornhoefer scored 13 goals and 43 points while accumulating 134 penalty minutes and gaining a reputation as a hard hitting, grinding left winger with a touch for scoring. Two seasons later he reached the 20-goal plateau for the first time, a mark he would achieve in five seasons. In 1973 he had his best season, scoring 30 goals and 49 assists for 79 points and being named to play in the All-Star Game. The most famous play of his career came in the 1973 Stanley Cup playoffs when he scored a crucial overtime goal against the Minnesota North Stars on a solo rush. The goal was memorialized on a statue at the Spectrum, which was demolished in 2010-11. Plans are for the Spectrum statues to be installed in a new retail, restaurant and entertainment complex to be built on a nearby site.
Although hampered by injuries throughout his career in consequence of his bruising style, Dornhoefer remained an effective scorer through his penultimate season, and was named to play in the All-Star Game again in 1977, and finished that regular season with a +47 plus/minus mark. The season thereafter, missing nearly half the season through injury, his scoring touch disappeared completely, and he retired after the 1978 playoffs.
Dornhoefer played in 787 games over 14 seasons, scoring 214 goals and 328 assists for 542 points, adding 1291 penalty minutes. At the time of his retirement he was second only to Bobby Clarke as the team's all-time leading scorer, and still ranks tenth in that category. His eleven seasons with Philadelphia are surpassed only by Clarke, Bill Barber and Rick MacLeish, and on a team iconic for its brawling ways, Dornhoefer is eighth in franchise penalty minutes.
After his retirement following the 1977–1978 season, Dornhoefer moved to broadcasting. He worked a short time in Philadelphia locally, then moved back to his native Ontario, Canada to work on Hockey Night In Canada as a color commentator from 1978–1987. After a six-year hiatus from broadcasting, Dornhoefer moved back to Philadelphia in 1992 and joined the Flyers broadcast team, originally working with play-by-play man Gene Hart. He served as a Flyers' color analyst through the 2005–06 NHL season. Dornhoefer became a citizen of the United States of America on March 16, 2016.
^ Caldwell, Dave (April 27, 2010). "The Spectrum Still Has a Hold". The New York Times. Retrieved July 10, 2011.
^ Comegno, Carol (March 14, 2016). "Ex-Flyer to become citizen". Courier Post. Retrieved November 8, 2018.
This page was last edited on 25 March 2019, at 02:38 (UTC).
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What Are the Best Sources for Mortgage Information?
A good credit history may be helpful in obtaining a loan with a low interest rate.
Mortgage lawyers and attorneys can help homebuyers protect their financial interests.
One of the best places to obtain legitimate mortgage information is the local banker.
When thinking about buying a home, consumers often begin by looking for mortgage information that is accurate, current, and in general reliable. This task is often complicated by the fact that there are a number of mortgage scams in both offline and online environments. For this reason, making sure that the source for the mortgage information is both objective and legitimate, and is supplied by a trusted source such as a bank, mortgage company, or mortgage broker and advisor that has a proven track record of integrity, honesty, and reliability.
One of the best places to obtain legitimate mortgage information is the local banker. Many banks have mortgage departments or divisions that are able to help consumers understand the range of mortgage types and offerings on the market today. In addition, these mortgage experts will often help bank customers assess their current financial situations and provide practical advice on how to move forward. This includes helping customers who are not financially ready for the responsibility of assuming a mortgage to understand what they need to do in order to be approved and have access to the best possible mortgage rates.
Another approach is to communicate with an established mortgage company. As with banks, mortgage companies are often helpful when it comes to understanding and exploring different types of mortgages. One of the benefits of talking with a company of this type is that the business will sometimes be able to offer options that are suited for people who have undergone some financial reverses in the past, but are rebuilding credit ratings and can reasonably afford to buy a home.
The mortgage broker can also be an excellent source of mortgage information. Reputable brokers will also help potential clients understand their options, and assist them in assessing their finances to determine if taking on a mortgage is the right move at the current time. Since brokers often represent a number of different lenders, this approach can also provide some practical assistance in identifying lenders who are most likely to offer the best rates, based on credit history, income, current debt loads, and other factors that mortgage lenders usually take into consideration before approving an application.
Keep in mind that while banks, mortgage companies, and mortgage brokers are often legitimate concerns that provide accurate data on new mortgages, reverse mortgages and even mortgage refinancing information, it is important to check into the background of any entity offering information on comparing mortgages or even general data related to the mortgage process. Take the time to contact watchdog agencies and business bureaus, and even conduct your own online search to find out how others perceive the organization before placing much credence in what they have to say. Doing so will make it easier to focus attention on reliable sources for mortgage information, and avoid getting involved with a scammer.
How Do I Choose Legitimate Online Mortgage Advice?
What Does a Mortgage Advisor Do?
What Are the Best Sources for Reverse Mortgage Information?
What Are the Best Sources of Free Mortgage Advice?
What Is a Mortgage Originator Test?
What Are the Best Sources for Mortgage Refinancing Information?
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Lay the foundation for a successful summer season.
Everyone knows that winter training lays the foundation for a successful summer season, but there's still plenty of debate about the specifics—particularly when it comes to lifting weights to boost on-bike power. I first heard about resistance training more than 30 years ago as a junior racer, and experts are still trying to decide if it really improves cycling performance. For the vast majority of cyclists, the answer is no.
To make significant gains in on-bike strength and power, you need to be in the gym a minimum of three hours a week. But, based on my observations of several thousand CTS-coached athletes, cyclists with jobs and lives can squeeze in only about 8 to 10 hours of training time each week, if they really work at it. So why use 30 to 40 percent of that time doing something that might make you faster when you know that more time on the bike will definitely make you faster? Besides, there's a way cyclists can effectively build on-bike power without really cutting into riding time: plyometrics.
Plyometrics are mostly jumping exercises targeted at making your muscles exert maximum force faster. This is more important for cyclists than pure strength, because with strength you can push a big gear, but with power you can push the same gear faster, which means you go faster. Plyometrics also help large muscle groups work with greater synchronicity, and enhance balance and coordination--important benefits you don't get from traditional, muscle-isolating weight-lifting.
THE DOUBLE-HEADER WORKOUT: The most effective way I've found to boost power fast is a combination of plyometrics and high-intensity, on-bike intervals. The jumps take only about five minutes, and recruit fast-twitch muscle fibers in your legs, hips and buttocks, so they're primed for action when you get on your bike. Try this workout twice a week through the end of March. Do the plyos right before your ride, or within a few hours before. Warm up 10 minutes before you start.
SQUAT AND JUMP: Stand with your feet slightly wider than shoulder width (in sneakers or bare feet, not cycling shoes). With arms at your sides, squat until your hips reach knee level, keeping your weight back and your knees even with or behind your toes. Then explode straight up, jumping as high as you can and swinging your arms upward to generate momentum. As you land, bend your knees to absorb impact. Immediately return to standing and repeat. Beginners should do two sets of 10 jumps, intermediates three sets of 10, and advanced riders two sets of 15 to 20 jumps. Rest one minute between sets.
ONE-HOUR RIDE WITH POWER INTERVALS: Power intervals boost your top-end power but also improve performance at any speed, so they're worth doing even if you don't intend to sprint for a single finish line this year. Spin to warm up for 15 minutes, then do 4x1 minute at max effort (as fast as you can sustain), with one minute easy recovery between each. The time between intervals is purposely too short to allow full recovery. Beginners should do one set, intermediates two sets, and advanced riders three sets. Take eight minutes of easy spinning between sets. After your last set, enjoy the rest of your ride.
TO SAVE YOUR KNEES: Though it sounds counterintuitive, jumping can help prevent knee soreness. Cycling strengthens some of the knee's stabilizing muscles and connective tissues, but not all of them, which can lead to misalignment and knee pain. To eliminate imbalances, try double-legged cone hops: Place a cone, soda can, or anything that's about 6 inches high on the ground. Stand next to it, bend at the knees and jump up and sideways over it. As you land, bend at the knees again and immediately jump back to the starting position. Continue for 20 seconds. Rest for 45 seconds, and repeat for a total of three sets. Once you're comfortable with the motion, progress to one-legged hops.
TO WORK YOUR CORE: A strong midsection stabilizes your hips and provides the foundation you need to muscle over a tricky piece of singletrack or start your attack on a killer climb. One-legged box hop: Stand with one foot on the top of a knee- or thigh-high box (if you don't have a box, use two or three steps of a staircase), the other on the floor. Drive your body upward by pushing down with your box-top foot, ideally springing up off the box a few inches. Land with your feet in the same configuration. Do 10 jumps, then switch legs. If your core is weak, you'll struggle to jump straight up--you'll more likely veer out to the side. Work to keep your torso and head as upright and straight as possible to develop a powerful platform from which to drive each leg.
TO DO IT ALL: For box jumps, follow the same motion described in squat and jumps (above), but pull up your feet to land on top of the box. This provides the added twist of working your hip flexors and abs. Then, jump (don't just step) forward off the other side of the box. Turn around and repeat. Start with 10 jumps and work your way up to 20, jumping up and down as quickly as you can. As your muscles absorb the shock of landing, they become trained to react to sudden stress, which can help reduce the chance of injury.
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Compare home insurance policies to make sure you get the very best deal on coverage for your house or other rental property. While it takes a bit of time to make a good comparison, your efforts will pay off when you have coverage you can count on, and when you know you're getting a good deal on it. After all, good home insurance is a landlord's best friend. It covers your back so that you don't have to worry as much, and it protects you from financial disaster.
While it's important to compare home insurance quotes before you buy any coverage, there are some things to think about before you start that process. When you ponder these items before you even ask for a quote, you'll be able to talk intelligently about what you need and want, and you'll know what questions you want to ask each insurance company.
First, it's important that you know how much you have to spend before you compare the cheapest home insurance policies. while the coverage is essential for landlords, it won't help you any if you are going into debt to pay for it. Consider how much you think you can get in rent for a particular property, and any other extra sources of income that you might have. Then come up with a price range that's reasonable for you, and that you think you should be able to find a policy in.
Next, decide what types and amounts of coverage you want. Whenever you compare insurance quotes, it's important that each one offer identical policies, or at least policies that are as close to identical as you can get them given the different companies' idiosyncrasies. Thus, it's good to know what you're asking for right from the start, so you don't have to back and get any of your quotes a second or even a third time.
Note that there are different kinds of home insurance offered in most states. When you compare home insurance policies, you'll want to look specifically for coverage on the structure of the house itself, in case it's damaged or destroyed. Then, you'll want to look for coverage for the contents of the home, and decide whether you want to cover your renters' property or have them buy their own policy if they want it. Finally, you'll want to look for some liability coverage, in case your renters or some of their friends are injured on the property and the courts determine that it's your fault.
It's easy to compare home insurance. Start with this website. Let it become your best friend as you search for new home coverage. It can connect you to many of the move insurance companies in your area, so you can easily get the estimates you need and compare prices and policies. When you work online, you don't have to worry about leaving the comfort and privacy of your own home. In addition, you don't have to strain your brain finding reliable companies in your area, but can instead rest assured that the quotes you compare are from some of the best.
It's important that you get more than one quote to compare when you're searching for new coverage. Different coverage companies will determine the price you pay using different formulas, so you may find that one is willing to give you coverage at a cost lower than the others. However, you would never know this if you only got one quote, or if you didn't bother to compare the estimates you receive after you got them. That would be a waste of the rest of your time and effort, since the goal is to get good coverage at a low price.
Once you have a quote from each company, it's time to compare home insurance policies. Take your time with each quote, making sure that every detail is correct and just as you wanted it. After all, incorrect information could generate an incorrect price. When you're sure each one is right, contrast them with one another. The particular one that represents the policy you want to buy should become clear.
If you want to compare home insurance quotes before you purchase another policy, you can start today. It's always a good idea to start early, so you might want to poke around online even if you aren't ready to buy new insurance coverage right away. Doing that can give you a good idea of what is available, so you know how much you'll have to spend in the future, and it can also motivate you to do a full search later on. And if you do need home coverage, there's no time like the present to get some quotes to compare.
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A: Excuse me. What is this amount for?
B: It's for the coffee you ordered from room service.
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Después de 24 años en Londres, Andrea Harari se define como un "puente, un nexo" entre el arte argentino y el inglés. Entiende que la ciudad que adoptó en 1995 se "continentalizó" -aunque admite la enorme expectativa e incertidumbre que abre el Brexit- y eso facilita los intercambios. "La cultura es una gran manera de unir, educar, entretener e inspirar al público, a las próximas generaciones, y de crear oportunidades de trabajo e inversión".
Desde 2001 es dueña de la galería de arte Jaggedart en Marylenbone con su socia Janeen Haythornthwaite; se conocieron en Christie's, donde Harari llegó desde Buenos Aires para estudiar por unos meses. Tenía 29 años y no pensaba quedarse. Había estudiado Letras en la Universidad de Buenos Aires y era una de las impulsoras de Arte BA.
"Siempre quise estudiar y pasar tiempo afuera y pensé que si no lo hacía en ese momento no lo haría más -cuenta-. Quería vivir Londres, estar en los museos y las galerías". El destino le modificó los planes, le ofrecieron un trabajo en la que -en esos años- era "la calle de las galerías", Cork Street.
En ese tiempo "casi nadie sabía nada de la Argentina, salvo Maradona y las Malvinas. Tampoco se valoraba en Londres lo internacional, todo era muy inglés". El 1991 marcó su carrera porque empezó con las ARTE BA -la idea era reunir muchas galerías bajo un mismo techo- como nexo entre el Centro Cultural Recoleta (movilizado por el coleccionista Jacobo Fiterman), la Subsecretaria de Cultura de CABA y una agencia de publicidad que trabajaría en el proyecto.
Harari tenía 24 años y había organizado varias muestras como Folon & Glaser y Basaldúa; la de Guillermo Roux en el Alvear Palace Hotel y en el Museo de Arte Decorativo junto a Laura Haber. En menos de tres meses nació la primera edición de la feria de Buenos Aires.
Admite que no tenían la visión de que Arte BA se convertiría en lo que es hoy; incluso recuerda una reunión en la que muchos galeristas estaban bastante reacios, "pero había espíritu de colaboración y ganas". Como suele suceder, la realidad superó las expectativas y la feria logró trascendencia internacional. La Fundación Arte BA era "pequeña como una familia, pero con un motor enorme, con Fiterman a la cabeza; fue creciendo hasta convertirse en una plataforma única para el arte en Sudamérica".
Tiene una iniciativa en el tintero; piensa en regresar a una ARTE BA con coleccionistas ingleses "a mostrarles mi país y el arte de allí". En 2010 la convocaron a colaborar con "Pinta Londres", una idea impulsada por Diego Costa Peuser, Alejandro Zaia y Mauro Herlitzka. "Entonces el arte latinoamericano no era muy conocido acá; algunas galerías mostraban a algunos artistas, pero eran pocas".
"Pinta" se convirtió en la cita del arte latinoamericano en Londres; se hacía en junio en coincidencia con la reunión del Comité de Arte Latinoamericano en la Tate Gallery. La feria fue una "gran precursora y promotora" en un segmento de entendidos y muchas instituciones inglesas y europeas compraron para sus colecciones. La última edición se hizo en 2014.
"La demanda de arte es enorme, internacional, con gustos tan variados y distintos que hay lugar para todos. Hay un respeto y seriedad en cómo se hacen las cosas. La palabra vale y si alguien dice algo, se cumple", repasa y menciona una anécdota a poco de llegar: "En mi primer trabajo le dije a mi jefe que un cliente pagaba con un cheque, si podía aceptarlo. 'Me miro como si viniera de Marte'".
Enfatiza que la ventaja de los argentinos es que son "resourceful" o sea, ven oportunidades y piensan fuera de la caja. "Sabemos trabajar con pocos recursos y tenemos una flexibilidad y espontaneidad que ayuda. Pero ser profesional, cumplir con las cosas, programar con tiempo, eso es fundamental".
En su galería tienen una estética y una programación muy definidas; se iniciaron con obras en papel cortadas de libros, de mapas, pastos, tejidos, con textura y tridimensionales. "El público entonces no estaba muy acostumbrado a comprar ese tipo de obras, ahora la estética cambió. Tenemos clientes que buscan lo que mostramos y coleccionistas importantes que buscan nuevos artistas".
Trabajan con consultores, decoradores y arquitectos para instalaciones específicas. "Obras hechas con tiempo y gran conocimiento de los materiales y de la técnica. Son orgánicas y poéticas. Hay un auge de lo que es único y tiene la huella del artista". La Jaggedart es una "suerte de embajada para los argentinos que llegan a Londres o los ingleses que van a la Argentina".
After 24 years in London, Andrea Harari is defined as a "bridge, a link" between Argentine and English art. She understands that the city she adopted in 1995 was "continentalised" - although she admits the enormous expectation and uncertainty that Brexit opens up - and that facilitates exchanges. "Culture is a great way to unite, educate, entertain and inspire the public, the next generations, and create job and investment opportunities."
Since 2001 she owns jaggedart, an art gallery in Marylenbone with her business partner Janeen Haythornthwaite; They met at Christie's, where Harari had arrived from Buenos Aires to study for a few months. She was 29 years old and did not intend to stay. She had studied Literature at the University of Buenos Aires and was one of the promoters of Arte BA.
"I always wanted to study and spend time abroad and I thought that if I did not do it at that time it would not happen any longer," she says, "I wanted to live in London, to be in the museums and galleries." Fate modified her plans and offered her a job in Cork Street, which in those years was, "the street of the galleries".
At that time "almost nobody knew anything about Argentina, except for Maradona and the Falklands, nor London valued internationalism as much, everything was very English". 1991 marked her career because she started with ARTE BA -the idea was to gather many galleries under one roof- as a link between the Recoleta Cultural Centre (mobilised by collector Jacobo Fiterman), the Undersecretary of Culture of CABA and an advertising agency who would work on the project.
Harari was 24 years old and had organised several shows such as Folon & Glaser and Basaldúa; that of Guillermo Roux in the Alvear Palace Hotel and in the Museum of Decorative Art with Laura Haber. In less than three months the first edition of the Buenos Aires art fair was born.
She admits that they did not have the vision that Arte BA would become what it is today; she even remembers a meeting in which many gallerists were quite reluctant, "but there was a spirit of collaboration and desire". As usual, reality exceeded expectations and the fair achieved international significance. ARTE BA Foundation was "small as a family, but with a huge engine, with Fiterman in the lead, it grew to become a unique platform for art in South America."
She has an initiative in the pipeline; thinking about returning to ARTE BA but with English collectors "to show them my country and the art there". In 2010 she was invited to collaborate with "Pinta London", an idea promoted by Diego Costa Peuser, Alejandro Zaia and Mauro Herlitzka. "Then Latin American art was not well known here, some galleries showed some artists, but they were few."
"Pinta" became the place and time for Latin American art in London; It was done in June to coincide with the meeting of the Latin American Art Committee at the Tate Gallery. The fair was a "great precursor and promoter" for latin American art for a segment of experts and many English and European institutions bought for their collections. The last edition was made in 2014.
"The demand for art is huge, international, with tastes so varied and different that there is room for everyone, there is a respect and seriousness in how things are done, words have weight and if someone says something, it is fulfilled", she reviews and mentions an anecdote shortly after arriving: "In my first job I told my boss that a client wanted to pay with a check, if he could accept it." He looked at me as if I came from Mars. "
She emphasises that the advantage of Argentines is that they are "resourceful", that is, they see opportunities and think outside the box. "We know how to work with few resources and we have a flexibility and spontaneity that helps, but being professional, complying with things, programming with time, that is fundamental".
In her gallery they have a very defined aesthetics and programming; they began with works on paper cut from books, maps, grasses, textiles, very textured and three-dimensional. "The public at that time was not very used to buying that kind of work, now the aesthetic has changed, we have clients that look for what we show and important collectors that are looking for new artists".
They work with consultants, decorators and architects for specific installations. "Works made with time and great knowledge of materials and technique, they are organic and poetic, there is a boom of what is unique and has the mark of the artist". jaggedart is a "kind of embassy for Argentines who come to London or the English who go to Argentina."
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I realize it might be really easy for me to walk into my closet and walk out wearing floral patterns head-to-toe and looks fine, but it’s often harder for other people. I use these few simples rules when mixing patterns and with a little practice and confidence, anyone can rock the look.
1. Mix patterns from the same color family: Using hues from one main color when mixing patterns can create a very subtle look, while still showing your daring side. It’s still visually stimulating for the eye, but in a refined way.
2. Think of some patterns/textures as solids: If you have a hounds tooth skirt, think of that as a solid. Same can go for small polka dots, thin stripes or checks. They’re small enough and understated that the eye can view them as a solid, even though they’re really not.
3. Look for patterns that complement each other: The last thing you want to do is look like you got dressed in the dark. One way to make sure that doesn’t happen is to choose patterns that complement each other. Stripes and floral always mesh well, as do leopard and stripes or polka dots.
4. Don’t go too matchy-matchy: Mixing patterns is supposed to be fun. Although it can look cool, don’t go out head-to-toe in one pattern. That’s too matchy-matchy and can make you look more shabby than you want. Although, if you want to push out of the box, switch up the colors of the matching patterns. It’s a new twist on pattern mixing that keeps the overly matchy-matchy concept fresh.
5. Space the patterns out: There is no need to wear a patterned skirt with a patterned jacket, or top. Sometimes mixing a top or skirt with patterned shoes can give your outfit the right amount of “wow” you’re looking for.
6. Include neutrals in your outfit: When you add a solid with two or more patterns, you allow the visual space of the outfit to be broken up. You do this with shoes, accessories or another article of clothing. Whatever you chose to add, it’ll help your outfit look even better.
7. Combine patterns of different densities/sizes: Rather than mix dense prints with dense prints, which can cause a big mess, try mixing a dense print with a sparse print. The same goes for larger prints and smaller prints. Usually if you mix different densities and sizes, the prints balance each other out, because one becomes the focal point and the other becomes the sidekick.
8. Use accessories wisely: As I mentioned in #5, sometimes spacing out patterns can help breakup the visual space. Accessories are your friend and your foe when mixing patterns. They can overwhelm or balance an outfit. Using a colored belt to break up two different patterned pieces can work really well, as can colored shoes or a neutral purse. Just be careful not to overdo it, because the focus of the outfit is the pattern, not the accessories.
And just incase you missed a previous post on Prints and Patterns you might want to see. Click here to see this inspiring post.
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Kolab 17 Gone? Replaced by Winterfell and Kolab 18 on the way?
I have been watching the Kolab.org project for 18 months. Experimenting with 3.4, 16 and Winterfell. I check in once a week. I have noticed the docs have been updated and the code release name "Kolab 17" has disappeared.
The change seems to be that "Kolab 17" was to be released Q1 2017 and "Kolab 17" would go gold status Q2 2017. I realize time lines get adjusted. I am confused now.
Kolab Winterfell (eats babies) seems to have replaced "Kolab 17". And "Kolab 18" is now in the original Winterfell development position.
I can make some guesses as to why this has happened and I am sure there is good cause. But it would only be a guess. Where can I get a clear statement on the status of "Kolab 17" and what is the time line.
What I make of it: I guess since there have been some upgrades on Kolab 16 in the past months, it is now considered unnecessary to do a Kolab 17 release.
So I understand, that Kolab 16 has replaced Kolab 17 in a sense.
What exactly would you expect from a Kolab 17 release? Which features or bugfixes do we have in Winterfell that are not in Kolab 16 yet?
I would not make too much out of the change from The most recent version of Kolab is Kolab 16to The most recent version of Kolab is winterfell. It is true, Winterfell is the most recent version. And the next sentence is still there: The current recommended version for supported production deployments is Kolab 16.1.
Thank you for the response,. Quite true but I am having difficulty with this statement What I make of it: I guess since there have been some upgrades on Kolab 16 in the past months, it is now considered unnecessary to do a Kolab 17 release.
There are/were features in Kolab 17, like COLABORA, that were to be released in the 17 package, if I am not mistaken. Seems like the way RoundcubeNEXT was bungled, Kolab 17 has been bungled.
kolab.org management has more than once backed away quietly after making grand announcements on features and product releases without any comment or direction... seem very misleading and disingenuous. These are my observations, like others have mentioned, from the sidelines.
If there is communication out there, kolab.org is as clear as mud on the communication aspect. This is more of a management issue which in IMHO goes right to the top.
On the other hand: Things that are not implemented in Winterfell, cannot be part of a release. So first development needs to be done, before a release can be considered. It seems, development is slow.
That means things are moving much slower than what you expect when you hear the announcements.
This was the reason why we now have Debian and Ubuntu packages of Kolab 16.
But you are right, communication by Kolab Systems is very thin. I guess if you become a contributor or if you become a customer, you might have more chances to get more information through personal contact.
For Roundcube.Next, there was a post on the backers forum (from the fundraising campaign), with details why development has not taken off. Personal stuff, developers leaving for personal reasons, etc.
The best collection of updates on development is https://kolab.org/blogs/, but that is also very irregularly updated.
I would really like to keep this thread about my OP. Please do not hi-jack.
Right now KolabNow is implementing kolab17 features, so they are way ahead of your statement. Collabora is there, what was promised to the community 18 months ago. Shame on Kolab and you for trying to defend.
Kolab is picking up bate-and-switch selling tactics that is very common in the closed source world. Sad to see this direction in Kolab. I have seen this game before, many times.
not sure how to respond.
I thought we were having a conversation. Better than to be quiet at all.
I was not hijacking anything. I was saying which parts of Kolab I would like to see improving.
So you are talking about Collabora.
At TBits.net, we are not interested in Collabora at the moment. So I have not looked into packaging it for Kolab 16.
I am not defending anyone. I am trying to find solutions. And encourage more people to participate in Kolab. I know it is a long way.
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0.97881 |
Chalk it up to human error. Now there's a robot predicting who will die on Game Of Thrones in Season 8. Entertainment Weekly reported that a data scientist created an algorithm that is bound to influence your theories for GOT's final season. That's because DataRobot has pored over information that has led it to predict who is most likely to die on Game Of Thrones, and the results will have you bending the knee in utter sadness.
EW reported that data scientist Taylor Larkin looked at the fan-created Wikis for 2,000 characters in A Song Of Ice and Fire, both living and dead, to analyze their traits. What he found was that gender, age, house, nobility, and whether or not the character's family is still alive could help decide whether or not a character would live. For instance, female characters reportedly die less frequently than the male characters and the Targaryens don't have a good track record. In the end, the robot came up with an answer for who is most likely to die in Game Of Thrones final season: Daenerys Targaryen.
Perhaps, it's not that surprising to fans who have been paying attentions to the human theories, which have also predicted Dany will die in Season 8. Not to mention the many, many signs that the Khaleesi isn't long for this world. The DataRobot said there was an 83.77 percent chance she will die, which is definitely not good for her.
Out of the other remaining Game Of Thrones characters, the DataRobot predicted that Jaime Lannister was the second most likely to die with 72.91 percent. Not all that surprisingly, his siblings, Tyrion (No. 3 with 70.76 percent) and Cersei (No. 5 with 60.39 percent) also made the list. But, it's the Starks that really should be worried, with Sansa, Arya, and Bran, who is the fourth most likely character to die, all predicted to say goodbye to this cruel world in the final six episodes.
You know that honorary Stark, Jon Snow is also on the list, but lower than you might expect. He came in at sixth with a 58.99 percent chance of dying. Though, to be fair he's already died before so the robot might assume that he's less likely to die now. Rounding out the list, Euron Greyjoy and Gendry are also expected to croak sometime in Season 8.
Let's be honest, there's a good chance every one of these characters will die in Season 8. Especially since HBO has already revealed that basically, everyone is going to die inGame of Thrones' final season. Back in March, Francesca Orsi, HBO's SVP of drama, said that at an all-cast table read of the upcoming season, "one by one, they started falling down to their deaths," and led to some serious tears from the actors.
It was also revealed that there will be a battle scene in Season 8 that took 55 days to shoot. That should definitely make fans worried since that sounds very final and likely very bloody. And while no one really knows what to expect from the upcoming season when it finally airs in 2019, Dany herself, Emilia Clarke did tease that the GOT finale is going to be divisive. In an interview with The Herald Sun, Clarke said, "People will scream and people will say, 'That's exactly what I wanted. And some people will go, 'Huh?' – my mum, probably."
Now, knowing that Clarke's mom might be confused could be a clue that her daughter's not making it out of this one alive. Or, maybe it's a sign that Daenerys is actually Azor Ahai and she only kind of dies. Just something to think about for the next year or so.
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0.957236 |
There are many famous people from North Carolina, journalists, athletes, entertainers, artists, writers, and public figures.
Dale Earnhardt Sr.- A native of Kannapolis, North Carolina, Earnhardt became one of the most popular race car drivers in NASCAR history. Known to fans as "The Intimidator" for his aggressive style, Earnhardt won seven Winston Cup Championships. He was killed in a crash on the last lap of the Daytona 500 race on February 18, 2001.
Sugar Ray Leonard- He was a world famous boxer, born in Wilmington. He won an Olympic gold medal and 5 world titles.
Richard Petty- North Carolina native gained fame as a NASCAR racing driver. Petty won 7 championships and holds the record for most consecutive race wins: 10.
Clay Aiken- his Raleigh native became a national singing sensation as he competed for top honors in the television show "American Idol" in 2003. Aiken came in runner up in the competition, but he did win a recording contract and his single "This is the Night" went platinum.
Fantasia Barrino- A High Point native came to fame when she won the television show American Idol in 2004. After being crowned the American Idol, Fantasia's single I Believe won two Billboard Awards and her album Free Yourselfwent platinum in 2005.
Andy Griffith- The actor from Mount Airy, North Carolina is famous for his work on the long running television programs "The Andy Griffith Show" and "Matlock." Andy lives in Manteo, North Carolina.
James Taylor- Born in Boston and raised in Chapel Hill, Taylor was arguably the most famous singer/songwriter of the 1970s. Known for the introspective lyrics of songs like "Carolina in My Mind," "Fire and Rain" and "Sweet Baby James," Taylor is a member of the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame and the Songwriters Hall of Fame.
Maya Angelou- Born Marguerite Johnson in St. Louis and raised in rural Arkansas, Angelou has lived in North Carolina since the early 1980s, when she accepted a position as a professor at Wake Forest University. She has had a distinguished career as a novelist and poet. Among her most famous works is "I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings."
Elizabeth Dole: A native of Salisbury, Dole worked for six different presidents and served as president of the American Red Cross before being elected to the U.S. Senate in 2002. She is also married to Bob Dole, a former senator and presidential candidate.
Billy Graham- Perhaps the most famous evangelical preacher in the world, the Charlotte native has been voted 39 times to a list of the most admired men in the world. He has advised several presidents and has become famous for his "crusades" across the globe.
Andrew Jackson- Born in Western North Carolina, Jackson was the 7th President of the United States. He was known for his staunch defense of the rights of the people, and also for his frequent parties, which anyone in the country could attend!
Andrew Johnson- A Raleigh native and former tailor who rose to become Vice President of the United States, Johnson assumed the presidency after Abraham Lincoln was assassinated. In 1868 he became the first President ever to be impeached.
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0.984004 |
What do beetles eat? Well, that is a very interesting and complex question. There really is not one single answer to that question. In order to better understand what the beetle eats, you are going to need to take the time to fully understand what type of beetle you are talking about. This is because there are numerous different types of beetles and each type is going to eat something different.
It is interesting to understand how the mouth of the beetle works before you start to look at what they eat. If you have ever looked at a beetle up close you may have noticed that it looks like it has two little pinches in the front of its head. They are not really pinchers at all. They are actually teeth. They are used by the beetle to help them break their food apart and they help them chew their food. You should also know that they have four little fingers that are used to help the beetle shove its food into its mouth. It is amazing how the beetle seems to eat just like we do.
Now, let us look at the original question. Beetles are going to eat different things based on the species of beetle you are talking about. This is very similar to the way that different humans eat different things based on their cultures and their nationalities. You may have been working in your garden and noticed that you have had beetles on the leaves or on the ground around your garden. It is very likely that they were getting ready to eat, were eating or just finished their meal. This is because some beetles actually make a meal out of plants. This is what they enjoy the most. They may even be found in trees or the leaves of house plants.
What do beetles eat? Well, some of them are going to eat things that are dead. This sounds really disgusting but it is true. You may find them making a meal out of dead leaves in the fall. However, you may also notice them on road kill or other animals that have expired. Not all beetles are going to enjoy the healthy, plush, green leaves of the plants in your yard. They are going to make a meal out of the rotting leaves and animals that are not longer able to defend themselves.
Exploring the different types of beetles may also help you understand that some of the beetles you learn about will eat both of the things that have previously been discussed. These beetles are not very picky when they are selecting their meals. Anything will do. On the other hand, some of them are very picky and they are only able to eat a certain type of plant or a certain type of animal. This is going to make mealtimes a little more complicated but that is what they need to do in order to survive.
You may want to do some research to determine if beetles are going to be attracted to any of the plants that you have in your garden. You are not going to want to fill your garden with numerous plants that attract beetles because other pests are going to be attracted to the garden so that they can feed on the beetles. If you understand the normal food chain and circle of life you know what I am talking about.
So there you have it. What do beetles eat can be a difficult question to answer unless you know what type of beetle you are talking about. With some research you may get more definite answers. It really helps if you can narrow it down to a certain type of beetle.
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0.976274 |
If disregard for ethical conduct becomes a sign of spiritual fortitude there are serious problems that need to be addressed.
One the three trainings is morality/precepts. Without morality, ethics or precepts (however you want to call it), there is no quality spiritual practice that can be cultivated.
However, when you are the enlightened Zen master, even your blinking is a Dharma teaching, not to mention alcoholism, abusing students and using all the money for your comfort.
From the paper: "In conclusion, I therefore concur with the aforementioned critics that the structure and teachings of Zen Buddhism itself lie at the root of the problem, and that the many cases of sexual or other teacher misconduct are merely symptoms thereof."
Zen’s iconoclastic approach, based solely on the individual’s own meditation experience, was seen as a healthy counterpoint to the more theistic and moralistic world-views, whose leading proponents often privately flouted the very moral codes that they preached.
Huineng, Línjì and Bodhidharma flouted moral codes? When and where?
The unspoken assumption in Zen has always been that the meditation alone naturally freed the accomplished practitioner from life's moral quandaries, without the need for rigid rules of conduct imposed from above.
I've never heard of a zen tradition that does not have precepts to follow. The failure is due to faults of people, not faults of a tradition, teaching or practice. Blaming it on the tradition is just an easy scapegoat. Kinda like blaming Christianity for murder. It's nonsensical. People act unethically of their own accord.
Some people clearly don't see any difference between amorality and immorality.
If one is awakened, where is the need for rules? Antinomianism only works on the premise that the one who is not following the rule is capable of behaving appropriately to the circumstances at all times.
One can blame the misdeeds of the past and present on a lack of insistence on following the rule. Alternatively, one can also blame these problems on a lack of awakening. In either case, clearly one has "more to learn."
Nansen saw the monks of the eastern and western halls fighting over a cat. He seized the cat and told the monks: "If any of you say a good word, you can save the cat." No one answered. So Nansen boldly cut the cat in two pieces.
Nansen said: "If you had been there, you could have saved the cat."
What was the Buddha's stance on dismembering cats?
Mumon's comment: Why did Joshu put his sandals on his head? If anyone answers this question, he will understand exactly how Nansen enforced the edict. If not, he should watch his own head.
He would have enforced the edict oppositely.
And Nansen begs for his life.
The point is that realized practitioners shouldn't want or need anything from the world as it appears.
Soto Zen Practice is based on keeping the 16 Great Precepts (The Three Refuges, The Three Pure Precepts, and the Ten Precepts), and Serene Reflection Meditation.
Morality, in the form of the Precepts, could literally be described as 50 percent of Soto practice.
To say then that "Zen has no morals" would be a grave misnomer.
The idea that Zen practice means "you can do whatever you want without consequence", would be a complete perversion of Zen teaching.
Karma, including cause and effect on a moral level is also a basic doctrine essential to Zen.
Keep in mind, much of Westerners in general are unable to sepperate 'what is Zen' from what is simply 'Japanese Culture'.
The Japanese, have a very interesting, and highly conformist culture, that is not the same as Zen Buddhist practice.
I was recently reading a news article that was talking about a report on the summary of problems surrounding the recent earthquake and Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear incident, and one of the things the report came to, is that it blamed 'Japanese Culture' (Specifically the culture of conformism) as contributing significantly to the problems preventing it, durring the incident, and the response afterward.
It's a problem I think the Japanese people are increasingly aware of, and are looking at.
Part of bringing a tradition from one culture to another is sepperating out what are 'culturalisms' from what is actually Buddhist Practice.
This is the same with any Buddhist Tradition. What is acceptable in Nepal and Tibet for instance, is not nessicarily what is acceptable here in the West.
Ch'an is also Zen Buddhism, Just from China.
Having a spiritual experience, does not mean that a person is a fully enlightened Buddha.
It means they have made a first step toward deeper training.
If they dont continue to do training, they can become just as off-centre as any other person.
Also, having an initial spiritual experience, does not mean a person is free from greed, anger, and delusion. It just means they understand the consequences of thier actions better.
Unfortunately, some people, even those who have been training for a long time can become off-centre.
It is sad, but it does occationally happen.
All we can do sometimes is offer those people merit, and try to clean up the mess.
Sara H wrote: Unfortunately, some people, even those who have been training for a long time [and have received transmission and the title of Zen Master] can become off-centre.
Does the fact that it can happen suggest that Zen has no morals?
It means that people are human, and that people who are practicing Zen are human and make mistakes. It doesn't mean that they are immoral. Making a mistake and being immoral are vastly different things.
Sara H wrote: Making a mistake and being immoral are vastly different things.
Unless it is an immoral mistake, which is what we are talking about here.
Sara H wrote: It means that people are human, and that people who are practicing Zen are human and make mistakes. It doesn't mean that they are immoral. Making a mistake and being immoral are vastly different things.
The point of the paper is that Zen teachers are not seen as simply humans, but as enlightened super-beings. Also that's the reason they could keep their teacher position after decades of "mistakes". And that's why it is some fundamental (Western) ideas about Zen that is one source of the problem, namely the myth of Dharma transmission and the position it gives one.
Well I can't speak for other traditions, but in my own tradition, and in my own experience, we certainly don't view Zen teachers as enlightened super-beings.
I try to have compassion for someone.
An "immoral mistake" as you put it still does not make someone an "immoral person".
Everyone still has the Buddha Nature within them.
In my experience, recognizing the Buddha Nature within someone else and focusing on compassion for them and all living beings, can be a very helpful way of dealing with any anger or resentment that arises. It's something I personally have found to be very helpful.
I have never heard of ANY zen tradition teaching that zen masters are enlightened super beings. So why do some people view them as super beings when it's not an actual zen teaching? What is the source of that belief? It seems to me that the source is not any zen teaching but rather the ignorant mind of practitioners. So the ignorant mind of practitioners is really the problem.
Kensho is transformative. One would think that satori is even more transformative. People can still make mistakes but not mistakes like sexually using/abusing students or systematically hiding issues from sangha members or methodically manipulating people. There are hallmarks of sociopathic people. There is an issue with Dharma transmission definitely. But there is also an issue with Zen awakening and enlightenment. I have said before that people who perpetrate this behavior have either no or very shallow awakening.
kirtu wrote: There is an issue with Dharma transmission definitely. But there is also an issue with Zen awakening and enlightenment. I have said before that people who perpetrate this behavior have either no or very shallow awakening.
Problem is, while in Japan in Sotoshu and Rinzaishu receiving Dharma-transmission does not allow people in and of itself to train monks, or necessarily mean that the person is enlightened. In the West, however, this was all messed up. So we see the results.
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0.999645 |
If you are a frequent traveller, there are surely some things that you typically do whenever you travel. However, it can be easy to forget some of the important things that you can do to make your travel more convenient and enjoyable. Below are the most important things that you shouldn’t forget to do whenever you travel.
Check for the local festivals and holidays.
Research about the local festivals and holidays and don’t miss out. It will help you learn more about their culture and you will surely have a lot of unforgettable moments during these local events.
The weather varies from one place to another so it is important to check the weather before booking your flight to make sure that you will be able to enjoy the trip and the activities that you want to try. By simply doing a Google search about the country or downloading a weather app, you will learn this important information.
Read travel blogs about the destination.
There are countless of travel blogs available on the internet. Reading them can help you learn more about the place and some tips on how to best enjoy it. The good thing about these travel blogs is that they are based on personal experiences.
Staying in multiple locations will allow you to have varying experiences. Don’t just stay in one part of the place. Explore and see other areas to make the most out of your trip. Doing this will allow you to meet different crowds, experience other aspects of their culture, and see different types of architecture.
Making friends with the locals will allow you to establish a deeper connection with the place. You can try to learn a bit of the language and also obtain advice on where to eat or where to visit to see exciting views.
The best way to get around the place is to use public transportation. Although you may find it challenging especially if they speak a different language, you will surely have more memorable experiences by doing this. It is also a great way to learn more about the area and make friends with the locals.
Take photos and videos of the place. By capturing memories, you will be able to share with your family, friends, and even the rest of the world the beauty of the country.
More important than the things mentioned in this article is this: Enjoy every bit of the place! Do as much activities as you can, try the local food, and explore the different areas. Just go out there and experience the beauty of the world!
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0.978001 |
According to this article in Reuters, KeyCorp will be liquidating an investment fund that is tied to the Madoff scheme, after its investors suffered losses of up to $186 million.
It plans to close its Safe Harbor Fund and return clients' money according to a statement they released on Wednesday. What are some other funds that are returning clients' money that were lost due to Madoff's scheme?
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0.844293 |
Prince George's County is a county located in the U.S. state of Maryland, immediately north, east, and south of Washington, D.C. As of 2009 U.S. Census Bureau estimates, it has a population of 834,560 and is the wealthiest county in the nation with an African-American majority.
The county was named for Prince George of Denmark (1653–1708), the brother of King Christian V of Denmark and Norway, and husband of Queen Anne of Great Britain. It is frequently referred to as 'P.G.' or 'P.G. County,' an abbreviation which is viewed as pejorative by some residents.
The county is a part of the Baltimore-Washington Metropolitan Area. Its county seat is Upper Marlboro.
The county is a part of the Baltimore-Washington Metropolitan Area. Its county seat is Upper Marlboro. Prince George's County was created by the Council of Maryland in the Province of Maryland in 1696 from portions of Charles, and Calvert Counties, and a portion was detached in 1748 to form Frederick County. Because Frederick County was subsequently divided to form the present Allegany, Garrett, Montgomery, and Washington counties, all of these counties in addition were derived from what had up to 1748 been Prince George's County.
In 1791, portions of Prince George's County were ceded to form the new District of Columbia, along with portions of Montgomery County, Maryland, as well as the parts of Northern Virginia – that were later returned to Virginia.
During the War of 1812, the British marched through the county by way of Bladensburg to burn the White House. On their return, they kidnapped a prominent doctor, William Beanes. Lawyer, Francis Scott Key was asked to negotiate for his release, which resulted in his writing the Star Spangled Banner.
In April 1865, John Wilkes Booth made his escape through Prince George's County after shooting President Abraham Lincoln. He was on his way to Virginia.
Since much of the southern part of the county was tobacco farms that were worked by slaves, there was a high population of African Americans who unsuccessfully attempted to become part of Maryland politics in the late 19th century. The population of African Americans declined during the first half of the 20th century, but was renewed to over 50% in the early 1990s when the county again became majority African American. The first African American County Executive was Wayne K. Curry, elected in 1994.
On July 1, 1997, the Prince George's County section of the city of Takoma Park, Maryland, which straddled the boundary between Prince George's and Montgomery counties, was transferred to Montgomery County. This was done after city residents voted to be under the sole jurisdiction of Montgomery County, and subsequent approval by both counties and the Maryland General Assembly. This was the first change in Prince George's County's boundaries since 1791, and the first alteration of the boundaries of any county in Maryland since the early 1900s.
By the 2008 estimates there were 298,439 households out of which 65.1% are family households and 34.9% were non-family households.36.4% of households had children under the age of 18 living with them, 44.00% were married couples living together, 19.60% had a female householder with no husband present. 24.10% of all households were made up of individuals and 4.90% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.74 persons and the average family size was 3.25 persons.
In the county the population was spread out with 26.80% under the age of 18, 10.40% from 18 to 24, 33.00% from 25 to 44, 22.10% from 45 to 64, and 7.70% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 33 years. For every 100 females there were 91.50 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 87.20 males.
The median income for a household in the county in 2008 was $71,696, and the median income for a family was $81,908. The 2008 mean income for a family in the county was $94,360. As of 2000, males had a median income of $38,904 versus $35,718 for females. The 2008 per capita income for the county was $23,360. About 4.70% of families and 7.40% of the population were below the poverty line, including 9.2% of those under age 18 and 7.1% of those age 65 or over. Prince George's County is the 70th most affluent county in the United States by median income for families and the most affluent county in the United States with an African-American majority. Almost 38.8% of all households in Prince George's County, earned over $100,000 in 2008.
As of the 2010 census the reported racial and ethnic composition of the county was 14.92% Non-Hispanic whites, 63.52% Non-Hispanic blacks, 0.49% Native Americans, 4.07% Asians, 0.06% Pacific Islanders, 0.25% Non-Hispanics reporting some other race, 2.05% Non-Hispanics reporting more than one race and 14.94% Hispanic.
Prince George's County is home to the United States Department of Agriculture's Henry A. Wallace Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center, the United States Census Bureau, Andrews Air Force Base, the National Archives and Records Administration's College Park facility, the University of Maryland's flagship College Park campus, Six Flags America and Six Flags Hurricane Harbor, FedEx Field (home of the Washington Redskins), and the National Harbor, which its developers, Peterson Companies and Gaylord Entertainment Company, bill as the largest single mixed-use project and combined convention center–hotel complex on the East Coast.
Although Prince George's County isn't often credited for the Washington Redskins, the Redskins stadium is in Landover. No other major-league professional sports teams are in the county, though Bowie hosts the Bowie Baysox, a minor league baseball team. The county is known for its very successful youth in basketball ESPN published an article declaring Prince Georges County the new "Hoops Hot Bed" and ranked it as the number one basketball talent pool in the country. A number of basketball prospects, including Ty Lawson, Kevin Durant, and Michael Beasley from AAU basketball teams such as the PG Jaguars, DC Assault, and DC Blue Devils. Besides AAU, basketball has skyrocketed from local high schools such as DeMatha Catholic High School and Bishop McNamara High School, both of which have found some great success locally and nationally.
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0.93843 |
Best cloud accounting software for small business?
I imagine this has been asked many times over but I can't seem to find the relevant and recent threads. I'm looking to make a recommendation on a cloud accounting package for a friend of mine running a design company. Turnover circa £200k p.a. with 2 employees. Likely to grow nicely in the coming years say 20% a year with employees due to increase too. Fairly straightforward business with employees working on multiple design projects (interior building design) with need to track time and costs by projects being important as well as some kind of employee time / timesheet functionality.
I'm currently looking at the pros and cons of Xero, Quickbooks Online and Freeagent. Are there good threads comparing these? Would anyone like to offer some thoughts based on the above spec?
I have a design client with the same sort of needs. Their business is much larger than your friend's but their first priority is the project costing side of things. They've used Sage for many years because of the project costing option.
Xero's project costing option is in its infancy in comparison and I can't find any bolt on for Xero that would be as good as the Sage project costing.
I don't know about Quickbook's project costing option, but I bet Sage's is the best.
Of course whatever Sage calls its many options, none of the sophisticated ones are cloud packages. They have a truly awful Sagedrive, which is supposed to end up being the same as cloud accounting. However this regularly freezes, and is unreliable. I would rule it out on that basis.
The other option would be to find a cloud project costing package that they like (could be rather pricey) and pay a developer to get it to talk to Xero.
So not really any good news for you.
Definitely Sage is the option if a proper cost reporting is required. Although Sage cloud is awful. They've lost this one to the likes of QB and Xero.
We always recommend either Xero (paid) or Wave (free) for our clients, unless they require more than just a bookkeeping software in which case the suggestion usually is Sage.
Maybe Xero with a bolt-on like Workflow, which is a combo I’m about to recommend to a client that needs project costing (but not timesheets).
NB Xero time/payroll is sh17e (and expensive).
Others have said on Aweb that Workflow is pants.
Oh. I was looking for something that tracked & accounted for POs into a project budget.
My first ever cloud accounting client was a firm of consultants who needed identical features to those you set out and I introduced them to FreeAgent. It revolves around project accounting, including the time sheet and expense claims being well tuned to projects and subsequent invoicing.
The added benefit, I didn’t anticipate at the time, was that it’s designed for business users rather than accountants and so we found it perfect to move their entire accounting over to them, relieving us of the work (we did everything but invoicing). Their turnover was probably £700k and they had about 10 employees.
The downside is that FA is not designed for high volume transactions and it lacks some of the sophistication of other systems but it suited that and several other service providing clients perfectly.
Although not as slick as FA in the above features, Clearbooks also has integrated time tracking and expense claims systems for project accounting and invoices but is more traditional in the accounting methodology.
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0.995828 |
Olá pessoal a senha so jesus salva é bem apropriada. pois somente ele é o caminho a verdade e a vida .e ninguém vera a DEUS se ñ for por ele. e quanto a biblia ser escrita por homens quem diz isso é porque é ignorante …mt gente se diz espirita mais ñ questiona a biblia do alan kardec que morreu e jamais saiu do tumulo como nosso salvador JESUS CRISTO que venceu a morte um abraço .
Perhaps this means women are not dumb enough to run for office? Mark does raise a good point: any lawmaker that tries to "do something" about this gender difference in policics should also "do something" to get more women in jail. After all, why should ? There must be a bunch of female criminals that are somehow going free, we need to really crack down and get that rate up to parity.
Ojalá se extienda, porque aún es pequeña.Y, sÃ, es seguro que no votar es abrirle la puerta del poder a la derecha, que siempre vota.Votar izquierda es mejor solución.
La zone, c’est de quelle couleur ? Certains, à écouter une chanson dans laquelle il était question d’un « vieux cuir un peu zone », ont un temps pu imaginer une teinte un peu défraîchie tirant vers l’isabelle…Dommage qu’elle soit si petite, cette photo.Dès que les vents tourneront nous nous en allerons… de roulotte.
Hieno blogi täysi-ikäisille. Olen vaatinut maikkarin sivujen ylläpitoa pitämään tämän mainokset poissa etusivulta. En todella haluaisi enää estää lapsia käymästä mtv:n sivuilla, joten toivottavasti palautteeni otetaan huomioon. Ainakin tulisi linkin yläpuolella olla teksti ”K-18″.Tietysti olisi parempi, jos nämä tosiaan saataisiin salasanojen taakse eikä yleisesti luettavaksi. Nykyään kun tuntuu monelta unohtuvan se, että jo 7-vuotiaatkin käyttävät nettiä.
the Earth wasn't the center of the universe... that site would have been blocked by all sorts of people -- the vast majority -- but the information provided would still have been sound. And couldn't this system be another tool for the powerful to "game" so as to bury their competitors?
Sure, this will cost us in tax revenue but it will also cost us in innovation. If GM had to survive on its own, then it would have to build better cars or get out of the way of other companies that could. GM should have been forced to sink or swim like everyone else.
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0.998087 |
A lot of your research is focused on conservation in agricultural systems. Why is this important?
I believe that biodiversity conservation in agricultural systems is important for three reasons. First, rates of biodiversity loss are well past any sustainable threshold. This loss has moral, functional, and economic implications for human and natural systems. Second, given the extent of agriculture globally (~40% of terrestrial ice-free surface), it is essential we identify how to strike a balance between farming and conservation on these lands. Lastly, as eloquently summarized by Wendell Berry, conservationists must eat.
The core of my conservation research is identification of how agricultural land use and land cover patterns shape bird abundance, diversity, and breeding success. We have successfully shown that organic farming and other farm-scale practices can benefit bird populations, but that conservation in agroecosystems needs to include broader spatial scales.
What is the Healthy Farm Index?
Monitoring change on the farm over time is important to understanding and benefiting from the biodiversity and ecosystem services. However, farming and nature are both complex systems. Choosing what to monitor, how to choose targets for change, and how to translate this data into something meaningful are all challenging. Existing farm assessment tools emphasize economics, inputs such as fertilizers, pesticides, or irrigation water, or conservation of abiotic resources (e.g., soil and water). The Health Farm Index provides a user-friendly tool for farmers to assess current biodiversity on the farm and monitor change over time. In addition, the HFI allows farmers to set targets for change and communicate their success to others.
How is this tool different from other assessment tools for farmers?
The HFI is different in two ways. First, it focuses on biodiversity and ecosystems services rather than soil and water. Because of this focus, we feel it captures a missing part of the farm, and provides a bridge between conservation biology and farming. The HFI serves as a vehicle to improve a farmer’s knowledge of the farm, and provides a means to record what they know and encourage them to learn something new. A second difference is that it is a farm-scale assessment tool. There are larger-scale tools that aggregate across farms, but these are not always useful for a farmer and their individual decision-making.
What are some of the anticipated outcomes of its use?
Ultimately, it can bring stronger dialogue between farmers and conservation biologists and increasingly sustainable farming systems. Proximately, knowledge, attitude, and behavior change for both farmers and conservation biologists. The hope is the awareness of how small changes can have a large impact will change attitudes towards conserving biodiversity (both for use and non-use value). This change in attitude could lead to behavior change that benefits the farm system. The same arc may be possible as non-farmers realize the potential contribution of agricultural lands to local and regional biodiversity conservation efforts.
What information from farms is taken into account when calculating the index, and how is the final score calculated (in layman’s terms)?
As noted above, the HFI is focused on metrics of biodiversity and ecosystem services. The information necessary for this assessment is drawn first from information many organic farmers already monitor (e.g., crop rotations, farm maps). We then add measures of native species and habitat diversity, specifically birds and non-crop habitats. To make the HFI broadly applicable, the HFI indicators were selected to be broadly applicable. For example, birds are wide spread in the state, and crop rotations are a discussion point on every farm. In general the basic set of indicators of biodiversity and ecosystem services used in the HFI are data readily available to farmers (e.g., yield, cropping patterns), easy to sample with little training (bird communities), or straightforward to obtain from available data sources (e.g., Google Earth land cover images). In addition, indicators and indicator targets can be adapted to the location of a farm, available resources and labor, and objectives of the individual.
The Healthy Farm Index allows farmers to focus on pragmatic goals for each indicator, to select suitable targets, and over time, to examine emerging tradeoffs and synergies. Targets can be selected from available data for the farming region or set in a collaborative decision-making process involving local farmers, researchers, Extension educators and others interested in sustainable systems. Importantly, the HFI does not encourage farmers to maximize biodiversity but rather to restore and maintain a level of diversity beneficial to the farm and local ecosystem, and that contributes to local and regional conservation efforts. The HFI score should reflect the landscape of the farm and the management goals of the farmer. For example, a farm embedded in a wooded riparian area would not have the same grassland bird indicator targets as a farm found adjacent to protected grassland.
You tested the calculator on organic farms. Is there a reason for that?
In my experience, organic farmers are a naturally experimental group and thus willing to work with us to integrate multiple ideas embedded in the index. In addition, organic farmers have adopted many practices that enhance the measures we were considering as part of the index. At the same time, not all organic farms are the same, allowing for likely greater diversity in the HFI scores.
Is this also a useful tool for conventional farmers?
Yes! It is a good way for organic farmers to share practices with their neighbors and communicate why they are valuable to farming broadly.
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A cathedral is the name given to the main church for the area administered by a bishop called a Diocese. It is named after "cathedra" or seat of the bishop.
After founding the Church of England in 1534 Henry VIII created 6 cathedral towns in the 1540's and gave them all city status by letters patent. This created the association between having a cathedral and city status. The other towns with cathedrals at the time also became to be considered cities since "time immemorial". There were no Church of England cathedrals created between 1542 and 1836.
Only towns with Anglican cathedrals were recognised as "cathedral cities". In Scotland the Scottish Episcopal Church is part of the Anglican Communion and the cathedrals are referred to as Episcopal Cathedrals. In Wales the sister church is called the Church in Wales and in Northern Ireland the sister church is the Church of Ireland. See Table 1 for a list of UK towns with Anglican or Episcopal cathedrals and see Table 5 for all UK towns with Catholic cathedrals.
Does a town need an Anglican cathedral to become a city?
NO. There are 18 cities without an Anglican (or Scottish Episcopal) cathedral and 13 towns which have an Anglican or (Scottish Episcopal) cathedral but do not have city status.
The government in the 1880's tried to maintain the link between city status and an Anglican cathedral after new cathedrals were founded in Liverpool, Wakefield and Newcastle and all three towns were given city status soon after. This became increasingly more difficult to do when the small village of Southwell got a Cathedral in 1884 and big cities like Birmingham and Belfast without cathedrals were still waiting for city status.
In the end government finally broke the link between cathedrals and cities when they decided Belfast and Birmingham could become cities without cathedrals and Southwell would remain a town. Both Birmingham and Belfast eventually did get Anglican cathedrals some years after gaining city status.
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Information and communication technology contents section a description of problem. Communication starts with an attitude and ends with knowledge. The goods can be sold online by credit cards and delivered straight to your door.
The next issue is the call quality is terrible. Firstly, students and instructors are comfortable with consolidating technology in instructional standards. However, our use of communication technology has also interfered with our ability to delay instant gratification in addition to altering the intellectual expectations that people have of each other.
Australian business law - we barely have time to pause and reflect these days on how far communicating through technology has progressed. Internet-based communication therefore plays a dually important role it acts as an alternative outlet for individual expression, but it also serves as mobilizing tool to broadcast anti-regime demonstrations, programs, and organizations. Therefore, choosing the best way to communicate with an audience or another person has its advantages and disadvantages.
Canadian culture essays - in recent middle eastern social movements internet-based communication has crucially aided the potential for mass mobilization and the success of movements. Communication internet - communication of leaders businesses today are becoming progressively diverse in respect to workers and their leaders. The best solution to this problem is to teach face-to-face communication as it was done before modern technology.
Technology today is in high demand and people want more and they want it as fast as possible. Nonverbal communication, communication - as a young adult, i would roll my eyes at my parents stories of how primitive things were when they were children and how thankful i should be that the world was so much farther advanced than when they were young. An individual who is at work and wants to communicate with a friend may find writing an email or sending a text message more convenient than making a phone call to schedule a meeting.
The honeydew would become my surface and the charcoal would become my writing instrument. If them without technology, they will feeling emotional and difficult communicate with others people. And nowadays, the world has become as global village due to advancement of it. Advertising is providing information or a creating a message designed to promote or sell a product, a service, or an idea, through the use of varied types of media communication. Growing up in an environment where everything is just a click away has affected their communication and interpersonal skills to the point that some teenagers cannot hold a conversation or express themselves clearly.
Technology and Communication. Communication technology is a necessity for human interaction. It plays an important role in acquiring and disseminating information. Regardless of time and boundary, technology helps provide information for the decision making process.
An Essay On Communication Technology Many individuals receive emails, In the world of interpersonal communication. Not a normal smartphone, but rather a plugged in phone. Advances in mobile technology and a proliferation of digital social networks open up new possibilities for teaching and learning. Globalisation is not a single process, but can be described as a number of processes by which products, people, companies, money and information are able to move effectively and quickly around the world. Everyone is relying to the communication technology nowadays. Although this is a completely unscientific study from my current vantage point i can currently see 35 people. Ict enables the student to represent and construct their own understanding from the vast amounts of information that is available to them. It can exchange contacts with people nearby via , as well as providing various features for contacting people at random if desired and integration with . People spent several hours of life on technology without neglecting the important aspects of life. Skype was founded in 2003 by janus friis, from denmark, and niklas zennstrom, from sweden. Information should be specific to the task at hand with a common goal in mind.
In this project management, we have various forms of technologies, these can be used to collect, store, edit and pass the information. The telecommunications sector is changing at warp speed, driven by technological innovation that results in new fragmenting and regionalizing entity. Skype was founded in 2003 by janus friis, from denmark, and niklas zennstrom, from sweden. People shopping online can do banking to purchase payment which it is makes life easy. Each type attends a particular purpose in the educational process.
Through the communication technology, the global positioning system was designed. This rule totally eliminated the pen, pencil and even nail polish that crossed my mind. The honeydew would become my surface and the charcoal would become my writing instrument. Technology has also created a dependency that was not present ten years ago. Afghanistan, social media - technology is a major component of todays society.
Author joseph dominick says corporate convergence would involve media companies that were focused on providing content (movie. These elements have potential influence on the generation of the 21st century leaders. Ict has revolutionized the communication sector, resulting in many forms of faster and reliable forms of communication. Notably, information and communication technologies (icts) play important roles in educating young students. For instant, when the teacher asks his students to search for a topic, students will quickly search on the internet and gives the teacher their answers within fewer minutes. It also will be covering different areas such as the advantages and disadvantages, how it affects our personal and professional life and about legislation of the communication technology. This technology uses a visible spectrum and has not major ill effect as we know that the light is very much part of our lives. Community technology is a tool like electronic mail and text messaging systems. The first issues is cant seem to find the webcam, speakers, or microphone. From cell phones to free wi-fi at subway stations, people are constantly connected to or using one form of technology.
And for a business to profit it has to provide something the public wants. Corporation, management, types of business entity - the impact of technology in organizational communication the relationship between technology and communication in todays organizations is significant. Although technology has helped people in the way they communicate, it has nevertheless its negative effects on the content, patterns, outcomes, and organizational structure (barker & angelopulo 2006). The barrier of connecting between one area and another area has decreased. Over the next few pages, we will be taking a better look over of the negative effects that happen with the cellphone usage of today.
Legislation is the act of making or enacting laws. In the world of interpersonal communication, each individual remains in a level of competence (how efficiently you are capable to communicate) (lilic, popovic and popovic 681). Conclusion. For example, awkward individuals would be graded lower versus someone who is confident and is able to hold a conversation naturally. Communication is a key element of human nature and we communicate for many many reasons, these can be simplified down to three to persuade, to inform, and to express.
It is more efficient to send the information within and outside of the organization. Technology communication the benefits of information and communication technology for childrens educatino - information and communication technology trains children exactly how to participate in a rapidly changing world. The competence of the feedback and feed forward process is affected by noise which affects or prevents the message to be sent to the receiver. I find this very helpful especially for those students who do not have enough financial capabilities to support their studies. The world has been transformed into a global village.
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Patients with poor ovarian reserve: is there any point in flogging a dead horse?
Women with poor ovarian reserve who have regular cycles are extremely difficult to treat. Because they have regular cycles , they expect that they will have good quality eggs. This belief is reinforced when they do IVF and their eggs fertilise and the doctor gets embryos. They feel that these should implant, because this was their only problem. Since their uterus is normal , and since IVF has helped them to make embryos from their eggs, they think success is assured.
However, when their embryos fail to implant, they go to pieces. With repeated IVF failures, they start getting even more desperate , and are advised to explore options such as surrogacy. This is bad advice.
The problem is that their major bottleneck remains their poor egg quality. Just because an egg forms an embryo doesn't meant that that embryo is good enough to become a baby . This is something patients with poor ovarian reserve need to understand .
However, because they are so desperate to transmit their own genes to their child, they often pursue treatment which is futile , and ends up wasting a lot of time as well as money. Sometimes it's better to cut your losses and accept that you need to move on to plan B, which is using donor eggs. Yes, this is a hard decision, but it's the one which gives them the highest chance of becoming a mother.
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0.993901 |
Give naproxen to a dog only at the direction of a vet.
Naprosyn is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug or NSAID. Naprosyn is one of several brand names for the pain reliever whose active ingredient is naproxen, which is available over the counter for humans. Equiproxen is a brand name for a version of the drug marketed for dogs. Naproxen is rarely recommended for use in dogs except under the direction and close supervision of a vet, as it can be lethal to them.
Naprosyn and other branded naproxen medicines reduce pain and inflammation in conditions such as osteoarthritis, sprains or injuries. Veterinarians avoid prescribing it when possible, because other, safer medications for dogs are in distribution. There is a critically specific window of safety in the level of dosing naproxen before serious side effects result. A veterinarian who prescribes the medication's use would carefully calculate the dosage amount according to the dog's size, weight and medical condition.
The effective level of naproxen in dogs is very close to the level of toxicity for them, so finding the correct amount to administer is difficult but crucial. Too much can cause kidney problems or failure, gastric ulcers and intestinal bleeding. Naproxen should not be given to dogs with liver or kidney issues. Naproxen may interact with other medications.
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The inflation rate in Indonesia between 1990 and today has been 1,145.36%, which translates into a total increase of Rp1,145.36. This means that 100 ruphias in 1990 are equivalent to 1,245.36 ruphias in 2019. In other words, the purchasing power of Rp100 in 1990 equals Rp1,245.36 today. The average annual inflation rate has been 8.77%.
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0.991184 |
Vikram Gandhi is a documentary filmmaker, and a notable supporter of Superman.
As Superman continues his heroic career in the 2 years following the Black Zero Event, the world continues responding to Superman and what his existence means to the world, with the media referring to it as "The Superman Question". The question sparks quite a bit of controversy worldwide, with many being quick to express their opinions.
Vikram is seen on the talk show "In the Moment", along with Neil deGrasse Tyson, discussing "The Superman Question". While Tyson is seemingly not opposed to the alien superhero, he astutely remarks that Superman's very existence challenges humanity's sense of priority in the Universe. Tyson recalls how Copernican Heliocentrism displaced Earth and restored the Sun in the center of the known Universe, and how Darwinian Evolution established that humanity was just one among other lifeforms, instead of being special on Earth. And now, with the emergence of Superman, humanity learns that it isn't even special in the entire Universe, as there is now an alien living among them.
Vikram seemingly doesn't disagree with Tyson's points, but he himself expresses a more open-minded and optimistic view - that while humanity must understand that Superman actually coming to Earth is a paradigm shift (since humans have always created icons in their own image, thereby projecting themselves onto Superman), he speculates that maybe Superman is not in fact some sort of "Devil or Jesus character", and is instead "just a guy trying to do the right thing".
Gandhi was one of a number of people to portray their real life selves in Batman v Superman: Dawn of Justice.
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WASHINGTON: Dog owners, take note! Human encouragement may help your pooches better learn how to solve complex problems, a study has found. Researchers evaluated the behaviour of search and rescue dogs and pet dogs when presented with the same problem-solving task. Both sets of dogs persisted at the task for about the same proportion of time, but the search and rescue dogs were more successful at solving the task when encouraged by their owners. The study, published in the journal Applied Animal Behaviour Science, sheds light on how people influence animal behaviour, said Lauren Brubaker from Oregon State University (OSU) in the US. However, the search and rescue dogs did not solve the task when they were alone. Further, pet dogs that solved the task with their owner present - but not encouraging them - also solved it when they were alone, Brubaker said. "We thought that was unusual. Because search and rescue dogs are trained to work independently, we expected that they would out-perform pet dogs on this independent task and that wasn't the case," she said. "This suggests that the behaviour of the owner, including their expectation of their dog and how they engage with their dog on a day-to-day basis, may influence the dog during a problem-solving task," she said. "This leads us to believe that communication between search and rescue dogs and their owner could be more effective than communication between pet dogs and their owners," she said. In the study, the dogs were given a solvable task with a person present: open a puzzle box containing a sausage within two minutes. They compared a group of 28 search and rescue dogs and a group of 31 pet dogs. Search and rescue dogs were used as a comparison to pet dogs because they are traditionally trained to work independently from their owner. The dogs were given the puzzle box under two conditions: alone in the room, and with their owner in the room standing neutrally. During the neutral phase, owners were instructed to stand in the room with their arms by their side and to avoid communicating with the dog. In the encouragement condition, the owner was instructed to encourage the dog however they saw appropriate, typically by using verbal praise or gestures, but without touching the dog or the container. In the neutral-human condition, the owner took three steps back and stood neutrally for two minutes. During the alone condition the owner left the room after placing the object on the ground.
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Will blow drying windows solve the condensation problem on my windows? At first I tried wiping them down with a hand towel but it leaves smears and doesn’t get all the moisture off. So I’ve been blow drying my windows instead. Will that help or does it only reduce the condensation temporarily?
Blow drying your windows will remove the condensation from those windows for a short period. But the two issues contributing to the condensation haven’t been tackled at all. Those two issues are high humidity in your house, and poor insulation value of the window glazing. Typically if you have really bad condensation on your windows you have both problems. If the condensation is mild to moderate then it could be one or the other, or still both. Let’s explore each of them.
High humidity in your house: you’ll get a lot of condensation on windows if a lot of moisture is produced inside your home, or if there’s no way for humidity to escape. Common sources of humidity are things that breathe and emit moisture in the process of breathing (humans, pets, plants), exposed water surfaces such as sinks with a dripping tap that keeps the sink surface wet, sinks left full, open toilet bowls, taking showers or baths, cooking without using an outdoor venting range hood, or drying clothes on an indoor clothesline or clothes rack.
The most common reason humidity can’t escape is if the house is very well sealed. This typically only happens in very well insulated homes (because good sealing is part of what makes the home energy efficient), and since a well insulated home typically has high quality efficient windows, the condensation isn’t normally that big of a problem unless it’s very cold outside. If you can think of any moisture sources that can be minimized (for instance, putting your toilet seat down, taking colder showers, fixing a dripping tap), tackle those problems first. If humidity is still a problem, you can get an energy efficient dehumidifier for under $200 which will cut the humidity enough to minimize condensation on your windows.
Poor window insulation is the other main cause of condensation on windows. Poor insulation value of the glazing is typical in older windows, or cheaper new windows that were not manufacturered to high standards of energy efficiency such as the ENERGY STAR window specification or the new, more stringent R5 window specification. You can also get poor insulation value in double-glazed windows where the seal between the two panes has broken, and the inert gas used between the panes has escaped. This gas, usually argon or sometimes krypton, has a high insulation value and helps keep the outdoor cold away from the inside glass pane. If the gas leaks out, you have only a thin layer of air as an insulator. If you find that some of your windows have more condensation than others, it’s quite possible that the ones with more condensation have broken seals and the inert gas has escaped. A crack in the glass of one pane is a sure sign that you’ve lost the better insulation value of the gas filler.
Heat from the blow dryer warms the glass temporarily, delaying further condensation.
However, the moisture that evaporated is now in the air inside your home, availble for future condensation. And once the heat from blow drying windows has dissipated (or even escaped through the glass to the out of doors), condensation can begin anew.
For a longer term solution, first minimize the sources of moisture, perhaps using a dehumidifier to remove moisture if you can’t find an easy source to eliminate, then improve the insulation value of your windows. You can get replacement house windows that are highly efficient if you have a big budget; the improved insulation of these windows should minimize the condensation problems. If you’re on a shoestring budget and only want to spend a few dollars, consider buying plastic window insulation kits.
These kits let you seal a window off for about $5 by taping a plastic sheet around them and using your blow dryer to shrink the plastic until it’s taut and almost invisible. That’s really the only way I can think of using a blow dryer to reduce window condensation – but here the blow dryer is just helping you apply the plastic. When you put the plastic on, by the way, be sure to first remove the condensation from the windows, otherwise you’ll seal that moisture between the glass and the plastic and have to look at the condensation even after you’ve tackled sources of humidity inside your home!
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0.944881 |
Popular examples of application software are the Microsoft office suite which includes Word, Excel and PowerPoint. System Software: It helps in running computer hardware and the computer system. It is typically proprietary to the processor manufacturer, and any necessary correctional microcode software updates are supplied by them to users which is much cheaper than shipping replacement processor hardware. The term free refers to freedom of copying, distributing and modifying. Others will need to be manually installed, through disc or download.
The above articles have been edited for relevancy and timeliness. Some requires a live Internet feed and uses constant to new advertisements. Some of these software's are available in the computer when you buy it, but others are optional. Beta testing is only one type of test your software needs to pass to. Applications software can carry the following hidden programs or utilities: Malware: This stands for malicious software. Software Types The term ' software' refers to the set of electronic program instructions or data a computer processor reads in order to perform a task or operation.
Since it is built for a specific user, its specifications and features are in accordance with the user's needs. At the highest level, software is in the form of high-level languages, which are compiled or interpreted into machine language code. Platform software often comes bundled with the computer. These are called machinery software, and from this software we implement the application software. Apps-a-million is all I can say. Plumbers used to use smoke to test for leaks and cracks in pipe systems. Nowadays multicore processors which combines two dual core or four quad core are coming which have more speed than ordinary ones.
What are the types of application software?
The majority of software is written in. If a person wants to use the program, they must buy a fully functioning version. Application software utilizes the technology provided by system software to allow specific programs to run on a computer. Generally, people will refer to applications software as software. Licenses differ, but commonly the user is allowed to try the program for free, for a period stipulated in the license, usually thirty days. This includes , for your hardware devices, linkers and. There are other ways of distinguishing computer software as well, I will not go too in-depth with these, I've already spent an hour answering this! This was an overview of the major types of software and their ways of distribution.
Other spyware programs divulge the protocols in their licenses, and make acceptance of the spyware feature a condition of agreement for using the software. The type of software testing you do depends on your team, the complexity and functionality of your software, and the overall objective. This is software that can be written for a platform such as Windows, or in todays world, a web-based application that uses the Network and System software noted above. Some shareware incorporates an internal clock that disables the program after the trial period unless a serial number is supplied. Other well-known large software companies include , , , , , , , , , , , and , while small companies often provide innovation. Most common integrated packages are Microsoft and Apple Works.
Desktop Publishing software - Use this software to make signs, banners, greeting cards, illustrative worksheets, newsletters, etc. Trojans- Program that serves as a portat as a way in for a person to download other malware. Spyware- Program that spys on the user and reports keys logged and websites visited to a rogue source using your internet connection. Freeware: is also downloadable off the Internet and free of charge. Most shareware is delivered free of charge, but the author usually requests that you pay a small fee if you like the program and use it regularly. Action oriented application software carries out specific tasks intended to make the complex into something very simple. A majority of software applications are licensed and not sold.
Programming languages: Now this is a kind of computer software which is used exclusively by computer programmers. Most systems enable you to import data from a spreadsheet aplication to create the charts and graphs. A very common example of this is the restriction of being able to save a file. You find the motherboard is getting power from the power supply integration test , and that the entire computer works as a whole system test. Palm has many security concerns due to it's mobility, such as if lost or stolen palms may have data that can retrieved by others.
In addition to these types of software, there are more terms to describe software that is distributed with common tools and utilities that don't necessarily cause harm to your computer or are a security risk. Some of these I will list below: 1. More complex computations may involve many operations and data elements together. Systems software is designed to be used by the computer system itself, not human users. These software are called productivity software. Computer programs are sets of logical instructions that make a computer system perform certain tasks.
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Oakland is the largest city and the county seat of Alameda County, California, United States. A major West Coast port city, Oakland is the largest city in the East Bay region of the San Francisco Bay Area, the third largest city overall in the San Francisco Bay Area, the eighth largest city in California, and the 45th largest city in the United States, with a population of 419,267 as of 2015. It serves as a trade center for the San Francisco Bay Area; its Port of Oakland is the busiest port in the San Francisco Bay, the entirety of Northern California, and the fifth busiest in the United States. The city was incorporated in 1852.Oakland's territory covers what was once a mosaic of California coastal terrace prairie, oak woodland, and north coastal scrub. Its land served as a rich resource when its hillside oak and redwood timber were logged to build San Francisco, and Oakland's fertile flatland soils helped it become a prolific agricultural region. In the late 1860s, Oakland was selected as the western terminal of the Transcontinental Railroad. Following the 1906 San Francisco earthquake, many San Francisco citizens moved to Oakland, enlarging the city's population, increasing its housing stock and improving its infrastructure. It continued to grow in the 20th century with its busy port, shipyards, and a thriving automobile manufacturing industry.Oakland is known for its sustainability practices, including a top-ranking for usage of electricity from renewable resources. Oakland is also known for its history of political activism, as well as its professional sports franchises (Such as the Oakland Raiders, Oakland Athletics and the Golden State Warriors) and major corporations, which include health care, dot-com companies, and manufacturers of household products. In addition, due to a steady influx of immigrants during the 20th century, along with thousands of African-American war-industry workers who relocated from the Deep South during the 1940s. Oakland is the most ethnically diverse major city in the country.
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3 Depression has many causes, and it has cures Everyone at some time feels sad or feels grief after a loss. Minor ups and downs in your emotions are normal. Depression is more than that. It is a serious medical condition, like diabetes, high blood pressure or heart disease. Depression can affect your thoughts, feelings, health and behavior every day. It s not something you can just get over. Causes of depression Many factors can contribute to depression. Depression can result from: Your genes and family history Certain medicines Drug or alcohol abuse Other psychiatric conditions Other medical illnesses Extreme stress or grief If you have a health condition or suffer from ongoing pain, you may be at risk for depression. It s not your fault. Coping with an ongoing health condition or disability is difficult. With help, you can get better. Recognizing depression How do I know if I m depressed? It is not easy to tell the difference between symptoms of depression, symptoms of your medical illness and side effects of medication. Your treating doctor needs to make the diagnosis. It s also important to educate yourself, so we ve included a list of symptoms and a selfassessment you can use. These may help you decide if you or a family member needs to see a doctor. Here are some signs that you may be depressed: You feel sad or cry a lot, and the feeling doesn t go away. You feel guilty for no real reason, feel like you re no good, or you ve lost your confidence. Life seems to have no meaning; you feel like nothing good is ever going to happen again; you have a negative attitude a lot of the time; or it seems like you have no feeling at all. You don t feel like doing a lot of the things you used to enjoy, and you want to be left alone most of the time. It s hard to make decisions or concentrate, and you forget lots of things. You get upset easily, lose your temper with little things and overreact. Your sleep pattern changes. You start sleeping a lot more or a lot less. Your eating pattern changes. You lose your appetite or you eat a lot more. You feel restless and tired most of the time. You think about death; you feel like you re dying; or you have thoughts about committing suicide.
4 Self-assessment Use this chart to help determine if you might be depressed. Circle the answer that comes close to how you have felt in the past two weeks, not just how you feel today. Add the columns and get a total score. 1 Over the last 2 weeks, how often have you been bothered by any of the following problems? Not at all Several days More than half the days Nearly every day 1. Little interest or pleasure in doing things 2. Feeling down, depressed, or hopeless 3. Trouble falling asleep, staying asleep, or sleeping too much 4. Feeling tired or having little energy 5. Poor appetite or overeating 6. Feeling bad about yourself, feeling that you are a failure, or feeling that you have let yourself or your family down 7. Trouble concentrating on things such as reading the newspaper or watching television 8. Moving or speaking so slowly that other people could have noticed. Or being so fidgety or restless that you have been moving around a lot more than usual 9. Thinking that you would be better off dead or that you want to hurt yourself in some way Add Columns: Total: Is your answer to either question 1 or question 2 More than half the days or Nearly every day? If it is, you may be depressed. It is important that you get help. Please call your doctor to discuss the results of your test and how you feel. To find out how serious your symptoms of depression might be, add all scores for questions 1 through 9. If your score is: 0 4 No depression 5 9 Minimal symptoms Mild symptoms Moderate symptoms 20 or more Severe symptoms If your symptoms indicate you may be depressed, please call your doctor to discuss the results of your test and how you feel. 1 Copyright Pfizer Inc. All rights reserved. Reproduced with permission.
5 Depression is not a weakness. It is not your fault. Depression can be successfully treated. You can feel good again! Reasons why depression goes untreated Talking about your feelings is not always easy. Remember though, your doctors are there to help. It s just as important to seek help for mental health problems as it is for physical health problems. Nearly two-thirds of depression in general is not identified or treated. People may not seek help because they: Don t realize that they are depressed Have trouble asking for help Think being depressed is unacceptable Blame themselves for not feeling good Do not know that depression is very treatable Are so sick that they don t have the energy or even care about seeking treatment on their own Families may not offer help because they: Don t know the symptoms Don t know what treatments are available Think depression is normal for someone who is sick Doctors may not diagnose depression because: Symptoms of depression and other health conditions may seem the same Side effects of some medications may seem like depression Patients may not explain enough about how they feel 2 National Institute of Mental Health. Depression: A treatable illness. NIH Publication No Mar Seeking help Treating depression can actually help improve your medical condition. Your quality of life can go up, and your pain can decrease. Feeling better mentally can help you follow your treatment plan. In fact, some studies on people with diabetes found that as depression decreased, blood glucose control improved. See your treating doctor If you think you are depressed, the first step is to see your doctor. Your symptoms might be part of your medical illness or side effects of medications you take. Your doctor may need to change your medications or treat you differently to help you feel better. If you do have depression, your doctor may treat you or send you to a mental health specialist. Communicate well with your doctor Carefully describe what is wrong and why you are concerned. Remember to go to each visit prepared with a list of your symptoms or problems. This will help your doctor better diagnose and treat you. Treatment About 80 percent of people with depression can be helped by treatment. 2 Symptoms can usually be relieved in a matter of weeks. Early treatment may keep your symptoms from becoming more serious. Getting help fast can also help you recover more quickly. Each person responds differently to treatment. Treatment for depression can include drugs called antidepressants, talk therapy (also called psychotherapy) or a combination of both. You and your doctor will decide based on how serious your symptoms are. Antidepressants These drugs are not habit forming. There are many types, so different ones can be tried if: One doesn t work Side effects are a problem The one you are taking interferes with your other medications Ask your doctor about possible side effects, and if you have a bad reaction, call your doctor right away. Your doctor will want to check the dosage and see how well it is working on a regular basis. So, you may have to schedule some follow-up visits. Be sure to take your medication as directed until your doctor says to stop, even if you feel better. Stopping too quickly can cause problems. Your body needs time to adjust. If your depression returns or if you have bipolar disorder, you may need to stay on medication longer to prevent or decrease further episodes. Talk therapy Your doctor may want you to see a therapist. This can be a licensed counselor, social worker, psychotherapist, psychiatrist or psychologist. The most important thing is to find someone you feel comfortable with. Talk therapy can help relieve your depression and can give you better ways to cope with your chronic illness.
6 Resources* As an Aetna member, you have plenty of places to turn for more information. You can even speak with a registered nurse on our Informed Health Line at Call anytime. It s available 24 hours a day, every day. Here is a list of some websites that may help you: Aetna Navigator member website Aetna InteliHealth The Reawakening Center The American Self-Help Group Clearinghouse Depression and Bipolar Support Alliance Find Healthwise Knowledgebase under Health A to Z. Learn more about medications and conditions. Link through Aetna Navigator or go directly there. Research drugs and conditions, read the latest health news, and more. This Aetna site is all about depression. Learn ways to feel good, get online coaching, and more. Find information on support groups in your area. Learn about depression and bipolar disorder. * This information is provided for your convenience only and does not constitute or imply endorsement by Aetna Inc. or its subsidiary companies of any products or services described on these sites, or of any other material contained therein or information obtained by calling the telephone number provided. Health information programs provide general health information and are not a substitute for diagnosis or treatment by a physician or other health care professional. Information is believed to be accurate as of the production date; however, it is subject to change. For more information about Aetna plans, refer to B (6/08) 2008 Aetna Inc.
A Depression Education Toolkit Facts about Depression in Older Adults What is Depression? Depression is a medical illness. When sadness persists or interferes with everyday life, it may be depression.
Seniors and. Depression. What You Need to Know. Behavioral Healthcare Options, Inc.
Bipolar Disorder. Some people with these symptoms have bipolar disorder, a serious mental illness. Read this brochure to find out more.
OUTREACH VERSION SERVICES FOR TEENS AT RISK STAR Center Western Psychiatric Institute and Clinic (412) 246-5619 All Rights Reserved 2007 UPMC Health System TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION 2 WHAT IS DEPRESSION?
Depression is a medical illness that causes a persistent feeling of sadness and loss of interest. Depression can cause physical symptoms, too.
Depression & Multiple Sclerosis Managing specific issues Aaron, diagnosed in 1995. The words depressed and depression are used so casually in everyday conversation that their meaning has become murky.
Bipolar Disorder. When people with bipolar disorder feel very happy and "up," they are also much more active than usual. This is called mania.
Depression After Brain Injury A Guide for Patients and Their Caregivers Is This Guide Right for Me? Yes, if: You have experienced a mild, moderate, or severe injury to your brain due to a sudden trauma.
Depression. Introduction Depression is a common condition that affects millions of people every year.
The sooner a person with depression seeks support, the sooner they can recover.
Michigan Depression Outreach and Collaborative Care (MDOCC) Over the past two weeks how often have you been bothered by any the following problems?
Michigan Depression Outreach and Collaborative Care (MDOCC) PHQ-9 Over the past two weeks how often have you been bothered by any the following problems? 1. Little interest or pleasure in doing things?
Because it s important to know as much as you can.
D0100: Should Resident Mood Interview Be Conducted?
Older Adult, Family, and Caregiver Guide on Depression The Treatment of Depression in Older Adults Older Adult, Family, and Caregiver Guide on Depression The Treatment of Depression in Older Adults U.S.
ADOLESCENT DEPRESSION. What we know, what we look for, and what we do.
Depression Q: What is depression? A: Life is full of ups and downs. But when the down times last for weeks or months at a time or keep you from your regular activities, you may be suffering from depression.
Postnatal depression is an illness. It is not a sign that you don't love your baby or can't look after your baby properly.
What you should know about treating your pain with opioids. Important information on the safe use of opioid pain medicine.
DRUGS? NO THANKS! What are some of the leading factors that cause you to. become interested in experimenting with illegal drugs?
More than just feelings of unhappiness, clinical or major depression is a mood disorder a medical illness that involves both the body and mind.
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Observe the image above. Now tell me, which is further away. The sheep that is 30 yards away on level ground, or the sheep which is 30 yards away on a downhill slope.
If you said they were both the same distance, you would technically be correct.
But when it comes to archery - and in this case gravity - the sheep on the downward slope is really only 21 yards away.
Thus a person using a compound bow in the above example should be using the 20 yard pin, not the 30 yard pin, and aiming just barely below the 20 yard pin so it is closer to 21 yards.
This represents a common mistake when it comes to archery / bowhunting. People assume that because the target is a certain distance away in a straight line that they should aim according to that distance. But what they don't understand is that gravity only affects the arrow for the distance horizontally that the arrow spends in the air.
Thus when shooting at a target on a downhill slope all you really need to do is calculate the horizontal distance to the target. With experience, archers can learn to figure out this and calculate their shot accordingly, but if you didn't know this then you would end up having the shot go too high and end up missing the target entirely because you were aiming too high.
There is also a 2nd problem. Gravity Assist Acceleration. Logic and science dictates that gravity would actually help the arrow on a downward shot go faster. Yes, this is technically true, but the difference is so negligible at short distances that it doesn't really effect the accuracy. At much longer distances then it would matter, but at the distances that people typically hunt at it does not really matter.
Form Wise - On a downhill shot you want to lean into the shot so you can align your shoulders correctly. Trying to stand up straight with your arm on too much of a downward angle will cause your bow shoulder to tense up. By leaning forward (like you would when bowfishing) you allow your bow shoulder to become relaxed and align yourself properly. Practicing downhill shooting form is definitely recommended if you plan to be shooting that way regularly. A good way to do this would be to get into bowfishing.
"The Arrow is Always Arcing."
With an upward shot we encounter the same problem, with a slight twist. Again the sheep is really only 10 yards away in the image shown on the right, but it looks so much further away and the height be confusing.
Instead look horizontally to an object that is directly below your target and calculate your distance to that. Then aim accordingly.
Gravity Deceleration will again effect your arrow (like it always does), but no more than any regular horizontal shot at a short distance. The difference will be so negligible that it will be barely noticeable.
Form Wise - If the target is only a little bit higher than yourself, then your form doesn't really need to be changed at all. However on a really high angle (like in the case of bowhunting for birds) you will have to deliberately lean backwards... the trick however is to only lean enough that it allows a more comfortable and accurate shot, but without causing you to tense up your shoulder. Getting into bird-hunting is one way to get good at the really high angles.
Below: Bird hunters in the Venezuelan Amazon prepare for a shot.
They use very long arrows so that if they miss the arrow is easy to find.
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What does Proof of Work – PoW mean?
Proof-of-work is the current consensus algorithm used by Bitcoin, Ethereum, and many other cryptocurrencies. A proof of work is a piece of data which is difficult (costly, time-consuming) to produce but easy for others to verify and which satisfies certain requirements. Producing a proof of work can be a random process with low probability so that a lot of trial and error is required on average before a valid proof of work is generated.
In order for a block to be accepted by network participants, miners must complete a proof of work which covers all of the data in the block. The difficulty of this work is adjusted so as to limit the rate at which new blocks can be generated by the network to one every 10 minutes. Due to the very low probability of successful generation, this makes it unpredictable which worker computer in the network will be able to generate the next block.
For a block to be valid it must hash to a value less than the current target called a nonce; this means that each block indicates that work has been done generating it. The most widely used proof-of-work scheme is based on SHA-256 and was introduced as a part of Bitcoin.
One criticism of PoW in Bitcoin is that it means mining will eventually become unattractive as the reward for mining drops to a point where it is economically unprofitable, or nearly so. If the mining pool becomes sufficiently small, Bitcoin will become increasingly subject to the possibility of a 51% attack due to the small mining pool.
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Convert UTC time to Falkland Islands Time. FKT time zone offset is UTC-04.
Falkland Islands Time is 4 hours behind from the UTC universal time.
UTC to FKT in 12-hour (AM/PM) time format.
UTC to FKT in 24-hour time format.
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Patachou, one of the most cheeky voices of French music after World War II, had owned a famous Parisian cabaret in Montmartre before launching herself on stage, died April 30th, at 96 years of age, surrounded his family. This artisan girl born June 10, 1918 in Paris, was first a typist and factory worker, in 1948 she opened and managed a cabaret-restaurant in Montmartre, with her husband Jean Billon, she quickly made a famous place of the Parisian night life. Supported by Maurice Chevalier, Patachou then took to the microphone herself, with a repertoire of realistic songs (“La complainte de la Butte”, “Gamin de Paris”) and light ditties (“le Tapin tranquille”, “Douce Marijane”). She has also performed abroad (U.S.A., Canada, Great Britain, Brazil), as well as getting small roles in film (1954) in "French Cancan" and Renoir's "Napoleon" by Guitry. In 1966 Patachou is back in Paris at the tavern " La Tête de l'art" and in 1969 the restaurant of the Eiffel Tower, before ending her singing career. From the 1980s, Patachou is seen in film and television.
She appeared as a guest star in the French, Canadian, U.S.A. co-producer TV series Bordertown in 1991.
Season 7 episode 3 “A Town Called Mercy”. The Doctor gets a Stetson and a gun, and finds himself the reluctant sheriff of a western town under siege by a relentless cyborg who goes by the name of ‘The Gunslinger’. But who is he and what does he want?
The seventh series of the British science fiction television program ‘Doctor Who’ aired from September 1, 2012 to May 18, 2013, being split into two parts, as with the previous series. The series was broadcast concurrently on BBC One in the U.K., BBC America in the U.S.A., and on Space in Canada, and also on ABC in Australia, with the first five episodes each released a week after its U.K. and North American premiere and the remainder released the day after each episode's U.K. premiere. Following its premiere on September 1, 2012, the series aired weekly until September 29, 2012. Six episodes were broadcast in 2012, including the 2012 Christmas special, "The Snowmen", which aired separately from the main series. The remaining eight episodes began broadcasting on March 30, 2013. "The Snowmen" introduced a new TARDIS interior, title sequence, theme tune, and outfit for the Doctor.
Marc Richards (screenwriter) would have been 85 today, he died in 2006.
Sergio Testori (actor) is 80 today.
Burt Young (actor) is 75 today.
Dan van Husen (actor) is 70 today.
Eugenia Bosânceanu was born in Radauti-Prut, Dorohoi, Romania on February 8, 1925. Eugenia graduated from the Institute of Theatre and Film in Bucharest in 1952. Specializing mainly in supporting roles - according to her own words, "you do not need more than one reply to make a big role." Her career has spanned more than fifty years of cinema, television series and movies, short films, radio and dubbing voice parts.
Eugenia Bosanceanu began her artistic career before graduating - her second year as a result of an examination, Alexander Finţi, Army Theatre director hired her without hesitation. After seven years of theater in 1957, the actress debuted in cinema with a small role in “Ciulinii Bărăganului”, a film adaptation of his novel Stump, a Romanian-French co-production co-directed by Louis Daquin and Gheorghe Vitanidis, selected for competition at the Cannes Film Festival.
“Atunci i-am condamnat pe toți la moarte”, “Pentru patrie”, “Triunghiul morții” and “15”), Mircea Moldovan (“Vifornița”, “Pintea”, “Totul se plătește și Expediția”), Maria Callas Dinescu (“De bunăvoie și nesilit de nimeni”, “Bunicul și doi delincvenți minori și Marele premiu”), Malvina Urșianu (“Întoarcerea lui Vodă Lăpușneanu” and “Liniștea din adâncuri”), Mircea Drăgan (“Raliul” and “Atac în bibliotecă”), Cristian Mungiu (“Occident și 4 luni, 3 săptămâni și 2 zile”) and Călin Peter Netzer (“Maria, Medalia de onoare” and “Poziția copilului”).
Her only Euro-western role was as Mrs. von Simmons in Dean Reed’s “Blood Brothers” (1975).
She was awarded the Romanian Gopo Award for Lifetime Achievement in March of this year.
] – stage, TV actress awarded Gopo Award for Lifetime Achievement .
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Can we not have nice things? The TL;DR answer is no, because a nice birthday dinner for Brooks on Real Housewives of Orange County was more of a s***show than Shannon at booty class, and that's putting it nicely. The two friends hit a rough spot in their friendship when Shannon tried to tell Vicki that there was Brooks cancer talk behind her back on RHOC . Shannon instantly broke down — seriously, five words in — but Vicki did not want to hear it. Like, at all. So are these two going to get past this little snafu in their relationship? And is this going to turn into a huge fight between Vicki and Meghan (you betcha).
So after Tamra's booty class, a few of the ladies — sans Vicki — hung around Cut Fitness to gossip, as the women do. They got on the topic of Brooks' cancer, which had earlier been subjected to scrutiny by Tamra's psychic. Meghan, Tamra, and Heather shared with Shannon that the psychic was questioning if Brooks had cancer. He never once said Brooks was lying, he just said "he didn't see it." I don't know what the rules are for psychic readings, but is it that easy to tap into complete strangers' lives — people who aren't even in the surrounding vicinity — and make such a proclamation?
Anyway, Shannon was very uncomfortable with the conversation occurring around her, which led to her bringing it up at Brooks' birthday dinner. Shannon... what happened to what happens at Cut Fitness, stays at Cut Fitness? Isn't that, like, the rules of the booty class? Anywho, Shannon decides to bring up the discussion to Vicki at dinner. It was probably the worst time to bring it up. Shannon ~slyly~ asks Vicki to go to the bathroom with her so she can bring up the earlier conversation, and almost immediately Vicki loses it.
Vicki doesn't want to hear any of the gossip that Shannon is giving her. Shannon — who feels "dirty inside" because she knows this information — quickly says that she won't tell Vicki if she doesn't want to hear it. At this point, Shannon, you brought it up, so you might as well say it. Back at the table, Vicki starts screaming at Shannon for bringing up the gossip. Vicki says she doesn't care what Meghan was saying about Brooks. Vicki doesn't want Brooks to go through the ringer just because he is dating her.
In all the ten seasons of RHOC, I've never seen Vicki so furious. She essentially had steam coming out of her ears. After walking out of the dinner, Shannon was left crying to David, her husband. While I don't think this will be the end of the friendship for Vicki and Shannon, I do think this could be the beginning of the end for Meghan and Vicki. But did they really have a chance to begin with?
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What is the break even point comparing the cost of unleaded vs the cost of E85? Unleaded fuel burns more efficiently than E85. But E85 is always cheaper. Around the Chicago area E85 is about 60 to 80 cents cheaper per gallon. At what price difference does it make economical sense to buy E85? Assuming one has a flex fuel vehicle. Price difference of $0.90? $1.00?
Price per mile is better with regular gas.
It is not going to be a simple one-size-fits-all $ number. Based on the heat content of the two fuels it should be a %, so that would have to be applied to current prices for the two fuels; a moving target. Worse, though, is that it will also depend on the specific engine design, condition of the engine, and driving conditions; that magic number could vary from day-to-day. Your best info will be empirical data from driving through several tanks of each different type.
As Bill states, it depends on a lot of different factors. Here is a calculator that determines what the break-even point is under general conditions. Depending on the vehicle, the break-even point will change.
For the sake of argument, let's say regular unleaded is 25% more efficient than E85. Then E85 would have to have more than a 25% difference in price than E85 to save money on fuel.
Now I ask, what is the percentage difference?
My understanding is that E85 in the USA may have 51-83% ethanol. That is a wide range, you are going to need to analyze fuel from the E85 pump at time of purchase to even make use of knowing energy in it relative to cost.
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Elon Musk has said he is betting Model X will double sales -- and he's putting Tesla's money where his mouth is.
On Tuesday, electric-car maker Tesla Motors (NASDAQ:TSLA) will unveil the production version of its next vehicle -- a fully electric SUV with falcon wing doors; called Model X. The company is clearly betting the X will be a blockbuster hit with customers in the high-end market for SUVs. Tesla CEO Elon Musk has said on several occasions he essentially expects demand for Model X to be robust enough that it will help the company double total vehicle sales once production ramps up. A look back at Tesla's recent capital expenditures highlights just how significant the company's bet on Model X is.
Tesla teases Model X on its Sept. 29 event invitation. Image source: author.
Going into 2015, Tesla told investors it would be forking out some large sums of money. Specifically, it planned to invest about $1.5 billion in capital expenditures on production capacity, Model X development, Gigafactory construction, stores and service centers, its Supercharger network, and "other product development programs, including Model 3." So far, Tesla is staying true to its plan to spend heavily. Its year-to-date capital expenditures have already surpassed 800 million.
But what's interesting is how much of this spending has likely gone toward expanding capacity for vehicle production ahead of the Model X launch.
"Capital expenditures were primarily for the capacity expansion and tooling associated with Model X and all-wheel drive vehicles, as well as the Gigafactory," Tesla said in both its first and second-quarter letter to shareholders.
And in Tesla's most recent quarterly letter to shareholders it also provided investors a peek into how seriously it's approaching capital expenditures related to capacity expansion: "We have historically been frugal with our capital spending, and our most recent capital spend per unit of incremental capacity is significantly more efficient than even our prior performance [(emphasis added)]." In other words, Tesla's production capacity is expanding at a lighting pace.
Investors can glean some insight of what "significantly more efficient" may mean by considering one huge difference between Tesla's current production line and the line it just launched for Model X. Musk said on Instagram about three weeks ago that Tesla's Production Line 2 is home to 542 robots. This is quite an upgrade from production line 1, which has an estimated 150 to 250 robots.
Tesla Production Line 2, central assembly point. Image source: Tesla Motors.
While Tesla's second production line will initially only produce Model X, the line is designed to eventually produce Model S, too. Both models, however, will share the same general assembly line from the start.
Should we achieve our design targets, this new paint shop will set new standards for high volume paint shops worldwide in terms of paint quality, labor and energy efficiency, and low environmental impact. It will also be flexible enough and have the capacity to paint Model 3 in the future.
Durr, a maker of high-tech automobile manufacturing paint shop and final assembly systems, reportedly received its largest robot order ever for paint applications around the beginning of the year. The order was large enough to support capacity of 500,000 vehicle units per year, the report said.
No wonder when Pacific Crest Securities analyst Brad Erickson toured Tesla's Fremont Factory this summer he said, "To say the mood in the factory is one of 'gearing up' would be an understatement."
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What is a vacation? The word comes from the Latin verb "vacare," an etymology that hints at emptiness -- both physically vacating the premises and mentally clearing out the cluttered cupboards of your mind. The excesses of Thanksgiving -- the airport groping, delayed overpriced flights, comfort food orgies, cataclysmic shopping days, intense rekindling of familial feelings (for better or for worse) -- accomplish quite the opposite. It's no wonder that the aftermath of America's favorite long weekend inspires dreams of deserted islands, far-flung mountain villages, and quiet starry nights of contemplation.
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Executive control processes such as task switching and error processing have been shown to change with age. The present study explored from a developmental perspective whether shared or different mechanisms underlie these processes.
The sample included 180 children (30 in each of the six age groups from 6-11 years) who were required to perform two different tasks: identification of a digit, or counting the number of digits. We computed switch costs as a function of response-repetition, stimulus-response (S-R) compatibility, and post-error-slowing. We also analyzed reaction time distributions.
The results showed a switch cost in the response-repetition condition, with a reduction in switch cost between 7 to 8 and 9 to 10 years of age, and an S-R compatibility effect in 6 to 9 years old children. Reaction time (RT) distributions showed that the decrement in the switch cost is due to the overall decrease in RTs in fast (5th percentile) trials in 9 to 11 year olds, and slow (95th percentile) trials in 7 to 8 and 9 to 11 years old children, in both the task switch and non-switch trials. A major reduction in RT was found between 9 to 11 years in both the response type and S-R compatibility type conditions. RT distributions for post-error trials revealed that the large decrement seen in 7 to 8 and 9 to 10 years old children is primarily due to the sudden decrease in RTs in the fast and slow trials respectively. The developmental pattern of error processing was similar to one component of task switching (switch cost of the response-repetition condition), indicating that inhibition could be a common mechanism underlying both the processes. However, the failure to maintain task set was found only with task switching.
The development of task switching and error processing is not gradual. The developmental pattern of error processing is similar to that of the switch cost of the response-repetition condition in task switching, indicating that inhibition could be a common mechanism underlying both processes. The present results have implications for theories of executive control.
Previous research has shown age-related changes occur in executive control processes that are critical for perception and action. For example, inhibitory control develops throughout childhood and does not reach full maturity until 12 years of age or later [1, 2]. A small number of studies have examined the developmental trajectory of executive control processes [3–6]. In the present study, we focus on the development of two such control processes: task switching and error processing.
Task switching is a control process that enables flexible switching between task rules and responses. In the task switching paradigm, people perform two tasks alternately. The time to prepare for the upcoming task is often varied by the experimenter. A mixture of fast and slow responses is found on trials that demand a task switch but provide ample time for advance preparation. Typically, the fast responses are fast on trials on which the task is repeated. The slow responses are slow on trials that demand a task switch, but provide no time for advance preparation. Possible explanations include the roles of active preparation or passive interference .
Preparation theories focus on the active preparation for task performance. These processes allow an individual to prepare in advance by reconfiguring their internal task state. In contrast, interference theories rely on passive decay of the previous task-set stored in working memory. De Jong has argued that the residual switch costs can be accounted for by a failure to prepare on a subset of trials. The failure to engage hypothesis states that people are capable of advance preparation when a switch between two tasks has to be made, but fail to do so on a subset of trials. Initiation of the response is quick when people successfully engage in advance preparation during the preparation interval, but when people fail to engage in advance preparation the initiation of the response is slow.
The effect of age on task switching has mainly been examined in adults. Only a few studies have examined age-related changes in the switch costs (i.e., the difference in reaction time when switching between tasks versus repeating tasks within a mixed task block) in children [3, 4, 8–10]. Different components of task switching can be investigated by manipulating the delay between consecutive trials, or between the task cue and the target trials. These manipulations can inform us on whether performance deficits are associated with an inability to inhibit the previous task set (i.e. overriding the previously relevant S-R rule), or with difficulty in activating the upcoming task set (i.e. rule retrieval). Developmental studies have reported that the switch costs decrease as children grow older , but the underlying processes of this trajectory remain unclear .
Cepeda and colleagues have examined age-related differences in task switching performance, in terms of changes in processes responsible for preparation and interference control. They manipulated cue-target interval (CTI) and inter-trial interval/response-cue interval (ITI/RCI) and found that the benefit in increasing the CTI was similar for all the age groups. In contrast, increasing the RCI resulted in a decrease in switch costs for the young adults, but not for the children. These results indicated that age did not interact with the preparation time (CTI) and ITI for children, indicating that switching performance was not dependent on CTI/RCI. The effect of both of these variables did not change with age. They observed larger switch costs among young children with 7 to 9 years of age, but this decreased with age. Performance improved with increased preparation time for the next task. There was a reduction in improvement as the interval between the response to one task and the cue specifying the next task was increased. It is suggested that young children probably experience more interference from the previous stimulus-response (S-R) association, indicating larger carry-over effects from the previous trial .
Kray and Colleagues examined the age-related changes in task switching in children (mean: 9.4 years), young adults (21.5 years), and older adults (65.3 years) using categorization of pictures by object or by color. The tasks were indicated by semantic instructional cues. Dibbets and Jolles focused on task switching in children younger than 6 years (58-152 months old) and the development of this ability across childhood. The results indicated that the children younger than 6 years are able to switch between two tasks and that the general performance increased with age. Young children (58-89 months) displayed larger global switch costs than older children (106-156 months), i.e. they made more errors when the tasks were presented randomly, compared with the repeated task baseline. These findings suggest that the ability to maintain and manipulate two different tasks in working memory is present, but not fully developed, in young children. These results also indicate that the performance deficits in children are associated with an inability to inhibit the previous task set.
It has been argued that when a task is repeated, individuals benefit from response repetition if the response-stimulus interval is short (automatic facilitation effect) . However, when a task is not repeated, individuals are hindered by response repetition (reversed repetition effect), which has been linked to an inhibitory process [13, 14]. Both the effects are sensitive to developmental changes [4, 15]. For example, Smulders and colleagues found that automatic facilitation was larger among younger children (7 to 9 years of age), indicating larger carry-over effects from prior S-R associations. Crone and colleagues found greater switch costs with young children (7 to 8 years of age) compared to adults for task switching with repeating responses. This age difference decreased with the increase in the interval between the previous response and the upcoming stimulus.
Crone and colleagues also examined the influence of carried-over inhibition in tasks with different stimulus-response mapping strengths (compatible and incompatible responses). Switch costs were usually larger when individuals needed to switch to the stronger (more dominant) task than to a weaker task. Allport and colleagues have argued that the extra inhibition of the stronger task set is required to enhance performance with the weaker task set, and therefore, inhibition carries over to the next trial. Crone and colleagues found that switch costs were larger when switching to the compatible task than to the incompatible task, but this effect did not differ across all the age groups (7-8 years, 10-12 years, and 20-25 years). They concluded that younger children build strong transient associations between task sets and response sets, which interfere with their ability to switch to the currently intended actions.
When switching between actions, errors may occur. Online processing of such errors and making subsequent adjustments in processing is important for cognitive control. Error processing is evident in the slowing of responses following errors in speeded reaction time tasks and after failed attempts to inhibit a response [17, 18]. Many studies have shown that following the detection of an error, participants adjust processing speed to achieve an adequate level of accuracy . Children also monitor errors, as indicated in the slowing down following errors in speeded choice reaction time tasks .
Error processing as indexed by post-error slowing (PES) varies with age in the age range of 7 to 16 years, with larger PES for younger compared to older children . Kramer and colleagues found that elderly participants showed larger PES than younger adults following non-stopped responses (50 ms vs. 21 ms). Together, these studies indicate a curvilinear pattern of development in PES over the life span. PES initially decreases with age, reaches the maximum at adulthood and increases among older adults. A similar pattern of development has also been observed for inhibitory control . Posner and Rothbart found that by 48 months, children were usually able to inhibit a response appropriately. In addition, they also found that the ability to detect an error (indicated by PES) seemed to develop at an earlier age than did the ability to inhibit responses.
Error processing studies with event related potentials have shown that error related negativity (ERN) amplitude (reflecting unconscious detection of an error) in error trials increased with age . However, the error-positivity (Pe) amplitude (reflects conscious error recognition and performance adjustment after an error) did not change with age. In the case of the correct trials, most participants produced a small negativity corresponding to the timing of the ERN in the error trials. This correct-response negativity amplitude was larger with children (7 to 12 years of age) than with adults.
One important question related to cognitive control is the possibility of common mechanisms in task switching and error processing. It is well established that inhibition is an important contributor to switch costs, and an important mechanism underlying task switching . However, the precise mechanisms underlying PES are still a matter of debate . Possible hypotheses include automatic inhibition of the response after an erroneous trial, as well as additional comparisons between actual response and representations of intended responses [26–28]. We examined both the processes using the same (task switching) task, and argue that inhibition could be a mechanism that is common to both task switching and error processing (PES). We have defined inhibition as a control function, which is required in withholding the response and delaying the response.
In the present study, we explored from a developmental perspective the possibility of shared mechanisms underlying task switching and error processing. Specifically, we wanted to examine whether the development of these processes across age would show similarities or differences. If the underlying mechanisms in task switching and error processing are completely dissociable, then their developmental trends might be different. The developmental pattern of these control processes would also have implications for developmental disorders such as attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) which are characterized by executive control deficits . Hence, we examined task switching and error processing with the same task, enabling us to control for differences in experimental design typically associated with the different tasks used to study these processes.
Previous studies on task switching and error processing have examined these cognitive processes with a lesser number of cases, or coarse groupings of ages. For example, Crone and colleagues compared 7-8 with 10-11 years old children and adults. They did not include 9 years old children in their study. Cepeda and colleagues studied task switching with two groups: 7-9 and 10-12 years old children. The coarse grouping of ages makes it more difficult for precisely tracking developmental changes for these executive processes. It has also been suggested that the major development in executive control processes takes place between 6-10 years of age [30, 31]. Hence, we examined children in each age level between 6 and 11 years.
All our participants performed a task in which they had to respond to two different task rules: discriminate the value of a number presented on a computer screen or decide on numerosity (deciding how many numbers were present on the screen). This design allowed us to compare the switch costs (decrement in reaction time due to switching between tasks) for trials in which responses were repeated against trials in which responses were switched. In addition, it also helped us to explore the role of compatibility in the context of task switching. We have kept the CTI and ITI/RCI at 0 ms, as previous studies have indicated that manipulating these two variables did not affect the performance of the children aged 7-12 years. The main focus was to study age-related changes only in children aged 6-11 years. Both the cue and target remained on the screen until response, allowing flexible time for participants to prepare themselves and then to respond. This also enabled us to examine the failure-to-engage hypothesis. In addition to the switch costs, we analyzed reaction time (RT) distributions to examine closely the mechanisms underlying task switching.
Error signal/feedback was provided to indicate the occurrence of error in a given trial. Even after providing an external error signal, the processes related to correcting the error (post-error-slowing) would still happen, which was measured through PES. RT distributions were also computed for the post-error trials to closely examine the mechanisms underlying error processing.
A total of 180 children in the age range of 6-11 years (30 in each of the six age levels) participated in the study. All participants had normal or corrected-to-normal visual acuity. No participant had participated previously in a task switching experiment. Permission was taken from the school's principal and teachers. Informed consent was obtained from the parents.
Four stimuli, either a single digit (1 or 3) or three digits (111 or 333) were presented at the center of a laptop computer screen. Above the target stimulus, the words "What Number" or the words "How Many" appeared depending on the task to be performed in that trial. The size of a digit was 1.43° × 0.956° (Figure 1). Participants sat at a distance of 60 cm from the laptop screen. Responses were made using the 1 and 3 keys on the numeric keypad. A commercially available research software, DirectRT (Empirisoft corporation, USA) was used for stimulus presentation and data collection.
Example of the stimuli used in the study.
All the children were tested individually in a quiet, dimly lit room at their respective schools. Participants were required to switch their attention between two different tasks: identification of a digit or counting the number of digits. Stimuli remained on the screen until response. Feedback (100 Hz tone) was given whenever participants made an error. A practice session with 75 trials preceded the experimental session consisting of 200 trials. In each trial, the task to be performed appeared along with the stimuli. The two tasks were "what number", in which the participant was instructed to identify the digit(s) and "how many", in which the participant was instructed to count the number of digit(s). Cue (task specification) and the target appeared simultaneously and the next trial started immediately after the response. The participant was asked to press "1" if the answer for either of the tasks was "1" and "3" if the answer for either of the tasks was "3". This resulted in eight different trial types based on the relationship between two consecutive trials in terms of task, response, and S-R compatibility. RT distributions were computed using the cumulative distribution function (CDF) of MATLAB. The differences in fast and slow trials were evaluated by computing the 5th percentile and 95th percentile values respectively for the overall task switch and task non-switch trials, the response switch and response non-switch trials, and the S-R compatible and S-R incompatible trials.
Analysis was performed with RTs for all the conditions for all the participants across age. RTs were submitted to a mixed ANOVA with age (6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11) as a between subject variable and task type (task switch, task non-switch), response type (response-repetition, response-switch), and S-R compatibility type (S-R compatible, S-R incompatible) as within subject variables. There was a significant main effect for age, F(5, 174) = 59.7, p = .001; task type, F(1, 174) = 191.8, p = .001; response type, F(1, 174) = 53.9, p = .001; and S-R compatibility type, F(1, 174) = 64.3, p < .001. We performed post-hoc analysis with Bonferroni corrections. There was a decrease in RTs with increase in age. Overall RTs decreased significantly from the 9 to 10, t(58) = 9.26, p = 0.0001, and the 10 to 11, t(58) = 6.26, p = 0.0001, age groups. RTs were higher for the task-switch, response-switch, and S-R incompatible trials compared to the task-non-switch, response-repetition, and S-R compatible trials respectively. RTs were higher in the task-switch condition compared to the task-non-switch condition, indicating the presence of switch costs. RTs for response-switch were higher than response-repetition, indicating that response-switch slowed down responses. Similarly, RTs for the S-R incompatible trials was higher than the S-R compatible trials, indicating that S-R incompatibility also slowed the responses.
Age interacted with task type, F(5, 174) = 7.73, p = .001, response type, F(5, 174) = 5.12, p = .001, and S-R compatibility type, F(5, 174) = 2.91, p = .01. Post-hoc analysis for all the three interactions showed significant differences for the 6, 7, 8, and 9 years old children and no significant difference for the 10 and 11 years old children. RTs were significantly larger in the task-switch compared to the task-non-switch, the response-switch compared to the response-repetition, and the S-R incompatible compared to the S-R compatible trials for the 6, 7, 8 and 9 years old children. The results indicate the presence of switch costs in the 6 to 9 years old children. In addition, changing a response in two consecutive trials, or the presence of S-R incompatibility, resulted in the slowing of responses among the 6 to 9 years old children.
Task type interacted with response type, F(1, 174) = 156.5, p = .001. RTs were significantly less for the response-repetition as compared to the response-switch condition, when the task was repeated, t(29) = 18.2, p = 0.0001, indicating the presence of the repetition effect. However, RTs were higher for the response-repetition as compared to the response-switch condition, t(29) = 6.79, p = 0.0001, when task was switched, which indicated the presence of the reversed-repetition effect. These results indicate that response-switch slows down the response only when a task is not switched. Response-switch does not slow down the responses when a task is switched but may actually benefit responses. RTs were significantly faster when the task as well as the response was repeated, compared to the other three conditions. The three-way interaction between task type, and response type was significant, F(5, 174) = 14.5, p = .001. This is due to the presence of switch cost only in the response-repetition condition for the 6-9 year old children. The interaction between task type and S-R compatibility type was significant, F(1, 174) = 6.13, p = .01. The compatibility effect in the switch trials (142.5 ms) was larger than that obtained in the non-switch trials (72.5 ms).
The interaction between task type, response type, and S-R compatibility type was significant, F(1, 174) = 10.3, p = .01. The compatibility effect was also significantly larger in the response-repetition, task-switch trials (184.5 ms) compared to the response-repetition, task-non-switch trials (63.2 ms). There was no significant difference in the compatibility effect obtained in the response-switch, task-switch trials (100.0 ms) compared to the response-switch, task-non-switch trials (112.0 ms). The four-way interaction among age, task type, response type, and S-R compatibility type was significant, F(5, 174) = 2.89, p = .01. The interaction between response-repetition, task type, and S-R compatibility was primarily present among children aged 6-9 years. A significant compatibility effect was obtained with response-repetition, task-switch trials with children aged 6 to 9 years (Figure 2).
Response latencies as a function of the task repetition/switch, the response repetition/switch, and the S-R compatibility/incompatibility for all the six age groups. (TR = Task-Repetition; TS = Task-Switch; RR = Response-Repetition; RS = Response-Switch).
We also obtained RT distributions using CDF for the task switch and task non-switch trials, the response switch and response repetition trials, the S-R compatible and S-R incompatible trials for each participant in each age level. RTs at the 5th percentile (fast trials) and 95th percentile (slow trials) were calculated for each participant. An ANOVA was performed between age and task type, age and response type, age and S-R compatibility type for the 5th percentile and 95th percentile values separately.
With the 5th percentile value, there was a significant main effect for age, F(5, 174) = 54.2, p = .001, and task type, F(1, 174) = 164.3, p = .001. Age significantly interacted with task type, F(5, 174) = 6.67, p = .001. The 5th percentile RTs on the switch trials were significantly slower than that for the non-switch trials for age 6, t(29) = 13.0, p = 0.0001, age 7, t(29) = 7.63, p = 0.0001, age 8, t(29) = 8.59, p = 0.0001, and age 9 years, t(29) = 8.42, p = 0.0001, and were similar for ages 10 and 11 years. The 5th percentile RTs decreased significantly from 9 to 10, t(58) = 15.1, p = 0.0001, and 10 to 11, t(58) = 20.0, p = 0.0001, age groups on the switch trials. Similarly, it also decreased from 9 to 10, t(58) = 10.5, p = 0.0001, and 10 to 11, t(58) = 19.2, p = 0.0001, age groups on the non-switch trials. For the rest of the age groups, there was no significant difference in the response-repetition trials (Figure 3).
Mean reaction time (+1SEM) of the 5 th percentile (fast trials) for the task switch and task non-switch conditions for all the six age groups.
With the 95th percentile value (characterizing slow trials), there was a significant main effect for age, F(5, 174) = 49.1, p = .001, and task type, F(1, 174) = 18,5, p = .001. Age significantly interacted with task type, F(5, 174) = 3.86, p = .01. The 95th percentile value RTs of the switch trials (all age levels) were not significantly different from RTs on non-switch trials, except for age 6, t(29) = 7.18, p = 0.0001, and age 7, t(29) = 4.31, p = 0.01, years. The 95th percentile RTs decreased significantly from 7 to 8, t(58) = 8.19, p < = 0.0001, 9 to 10, t(58) = 17.6, p = 0.0001, and 10 to 11, t(58) = 6.97, p = 0.0001, years among the switch trials. Similarly, the 95th percentile RTs decreased significantly from 7 to 8, t(58) = 6.04, p = 0.0001, 9 to 10, t(58) = 18.3, p = 0.0001, and 10 to 11, t(58) = 6.53, p = 0.0001, years among the non-switch trials (Figure 4).
Mean reaction time (+1SEM) of the 95 th percentile (slow trials) for the task switch and task non-switch conditions for all the six age groups.
With the 5th percentile value, there was a significant main effect for age, F(5, 174) = 76.4, p = .001, and response type, F(1, 174) = 30.5, p = .001. Age significantly interacted with response type, F(5, 174) = 13.2, p = .001. The 5th percentile RTs decreased significantly from 9 to 10, t(58) = 7.29, p = 0.0001, and 10 to 11, t(58) = 9.51, p = 0.0001, age groups on the response switch trials. On the response repetition trials, RTs significantly decreased only from 10 to 11, t(58) = 9.78, p = 0.0001, years of age. For the rest of the age groups, there was no significant difference in the S-R compatible trials (Figure 5).
Mean reaction time (+1SEM) of the 5 th percentile (fast trials) for the response switch and response repetition conditions for all the six age groups.
With the 95th percentile value (characterizing slow trials), there was a significant main effect for age, F(5, 174) = 57.8, p = .01. Age significantly interacted with response type, F(5, 174) = 2.67, p = .02. The 95th percentile RTs decreased significantly only from 9 to 10 years for both the response switch, t(58) = 11.2, p = 0.0001, and the response repetition trials, t(58) = 9.06, p = 0.0001 (Figure 6).
Mean reaction time (+1SEM) of the 95 th percentile (slow trials) for the response switch and response repetition conditions for all the six age groups.
With the 5th percentile value, there was a significant main effect for age, F(5, 174) = 63.2, p = .001, and S-R compatibility type, F(1, 174) = 32.4, p = .001. Age significantly interacted with S-R compatibility type, F(5, 174) = 16.7, p = .001. The 5th percentile RTs decreased significantly from 9 to 10, t(58) = 5.90, p = 0.0005, and 10 to 11, t(58) = 9.69, p = 0.0001, age groups on the S-R incompatible trials. Similarly, on the S-R compatible trials it significantly decreased only from 9 to 10, t(58) = 6.31, p = 0.0001, and 10 to 11, t(58) = 11.4, p = 0.0001, years of age. For the rest of the age groups, there was no significant difference (Figure 7).
Mean reaction time (+1SEM) of the 5 th percentile (fast trials) for the S-R compatible and S-R incompatible trials for all the six age groups.
With the 95th percentile value, there was a significant main effect for age, F(5, 174) = 43.6, p = .001. Age significantly interacted with the S-R compatibility type, F(5, 174) = 3.55, p = .004. The 95th percentile RTs decreased significantly only from 7 to 8, t(58) = 4.31, p = 0.02, and 9 to 10 years, t(58) = 10.6, p = 0.0001, for the S-R incompatible trials, while it was only significant for 9 to 10 years, t(58) = 9.65, p = 0.0001, for the S-R compatible trials (Figure 8).
Mean reaction time (+1SEM) of the 95 th percentile (slow trials) for the S-R compatible and S-R incompatible trials for all the six age groups.
Trials with excessively short RTs (<100 ms) and error trials were excluded from the analysis. Switch costs (SC) were computed as a function of response (response-repetition and response-switch) and S-R compatibility (compatible and incompatible) for all the participants. A 6 × [2 × 2] mixed ANOVA with age (age levels: 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, and 11) as a between subject factor and response type (response-switch and response-repetition condition) and S-R compatibility type (S-R compatible vs S-R incompatible) as the within subject factors was performed. There was a significant main effect for age, F(5, 174) = 7.73, p = .001, response type, F(1, 174) = 156.5, p = .001, and S-R compatibility type, F(1, 174) = 6.13, p = .01. Overall SC decreased with an increase in age, with decrement in SC observed between 7 to 10 years of age. Switch costs was observed only with the response-repetition trials and not with the response-switch trials. Switch costs was also larger in the S-R incompatible trials compared to the S-R compatible trials.
Interaction between age and response type was significant, F(5, 174) = 14.5, p = .001. Significant SC was obtained for the response-repetition trials, compared to the response-switch trials, only for the 6, 7, 8 and 9 years old children. SC for the response-repetition trials decreased from 7 to 8 years, t(58) = 5.01, p = 0.001, and 9 to 10 years, t(58) = 4.83, p = 0.001. There was no significant difference in SC in the response-switch condition across all the age groups.
Two-way interaction between response type and S-R compatibility type, F(1, 174) = 10.3, p = .01, and the three-way interaction among age, response type, and S-R compatibility type was significant, F(5, 174) = 2.89, p = .01. SC was significantly more in the S-R incompatible condition, compared to the S-R compatible condition, when responses were repeated, t(29) = 5.87, p = 0.0001. However, it was only found for the age groups of 6, t(29) = 4.60, p = 0.01, and 7, t(29) = 5.69, p = 0.0001. For the rest of the age groups, it was not significant. In addition, SC significantly decreased from 7 to 8, t(58) = 7.10, p = 0.0001, and 9 to 10, t(58) = 5.92, p = 0.0001, age groups, with the S-R incompatible trials. For the S-R compatible trials, SC significantly decreased only between 9 to 10 years, t(58) = 4.59, p = 0.01. There was no difference in SC between the S-R compatible and S-R incompatible conditions when responses were switched. There was also a significant difference in SC between 7 to 8 years, t(58) = 4.81, p = 0.001, for the S-R incompatible, response-switch trials (Figure 9).
PES (a measure of error processing) was calculated as: [the mean RT from the correct trials immediately following an error] minus [mean RT from correct trials], for each participant. A one variable ANOVA was performed on PES values with age (6, 7, 8, 9, 10, and 11) as a between-subject variable. There was a significant main effect for age, F(5, 174) = 14.6, p = .001, indicating that PES changed with age. Post-hoc comparisons showed that PES increased between 6 to 7 years of age, t(58) = 4.81, p = 0.001, and then decreased from 7 to 8, t(58) = 5.21, p = 0.001, and 9 to 10, t(58) = 5.04, p = 0.001, years of age. PES did not decrease between 8 and 9 as well as 10 and 11 years of age (Figure 10).
Post error slowing (+1SEM) of all the six age groups.
Reaction time distributions were obtained for the RTs of those correct trials immediately following an error, and we also computed the RT values at 5th percentile and 95th percentile as a measure of fast and slow trials respectively for all the participants. A one variable ANOVA was performed with age (6, 7, 8, 9, 10, and 11) with the 5th and the 95th percentile RT values separately. There was a significant main effect for age for the 5th percentile, F(5, 174) = 24.5, p = .001 and 95th percentile, F(5, 174) = 42.9, p = .001, RT values. Post-hoc comparisons indicated that the RT values at the 5th percentile increased from 6 to 7, t(58) = 5.32, p = 0.001, and then decreased from 7 to 8, t(58) = 3.66, p = 0.05, and 9 to 10, t(58) = 4.02, p = 0.01, years of age indicating changes in the fast trials. However, the 95th percentile RT values decreased only from 9 to 10 years of age, t(58) = 8.86, p = 0.0001, indicating changes in the slow trials only between ages 9 and 10 (Figure 11).
Mean reaction time (+1SEM) of the 5 th (fast trials) and the 95 th percentile (slow trials) for correct trials immediately following an error for all the six age groups.
Results indicated that the developmental pattern of PES was similar with respect to the switch cost response repetition condition. Therefore, to further confirm the association between PES and switch cost of response repetition, correlation analyses was performed between PES and switch cost of response repetition, as well as PES and switch cost of response switch condition. A significant positive correlation was observed between PES and switch cost of response repetition condition, r = 0.454, p < .001. There was no significant correlation between PES and switch cost of response switch condition. Previous research has been linked the switch cost of the response repetition condition with the inhibitory processes [14, 15], indicating inhibition could be the common mechanism between task switching and error processing.
We examined from a developmental perspective whether the two control processes, task switching and error processing share common underlying mechanisms or whether these are completely dissociable processes. We hypothesized that if the mechanisms underlying task switching and error processing are completely dissociable, then their developmental trends would be different. Our results suggest that inhibition could be a common mechanism underlying task switching and error processing. Failure to maintain task set could be a different mechanism which underlies only in task switching but not in error processing. Thus, with respect to the failure to maintain task set task switching and error processing are dissociable processes.
Previous studies have examined the development of task switching by employing a small number of age groups among children. For example, Crone and colleagues used two age groups (7-8 and 10-12 years) and Cepeda and colleagues used two age groups (7-9 and 10-12 years) for studying task switching performance in children. In comparison, we have examined six age levels (6-11 years) to accurately measure the developmental patterns in task switching among children. This has enabled us to investigate the differences in performance across 6 to 11 years of age.
Our results show that the overall switch costs reduced from 7 to 10 years of age, indicating that executive control processes develop significantly during this period. Consistent with our results, developmental studies on inhibitory control have shown a significant development between 7.5 to 9.5 years of age, followed by 9.6 to 11.5 years . When we look at the overall switch costs, it appears that task switching is characterized by gradual development. However, a closer look at switch costs as a function of response-repetition and S-R compatibility revealed that the development of task switching was not gradual.
The reduction in switch costs varied as a function of response repetition/switching [4, 33, 34]. Similar to Crone and colleagues , we observed switch costs when the responses were repeated (reversed-repetition effect), and this effect decreased with age. More importantly, we found that the most striking developmental advances in the reversed-repetition effect occurred between 7 to 8 and 9 to 10 years of age, followed by stabilization. Children benefited from repeating the same responses in task repetition trials (repetition benefit). One possibility is that children experience greater carry over effects from the previously activated S-R association, because the binding between stimuli and responses is stronger in children. This interpretation is consistent with the results from previous developmental studies [4, 35, 36], which showed that when trials occur in rapid succession, the stimuli are processed automatically, resulting in performance benefits. Following this interpretation, children may adjust associations between responses and tasks, resulting in benefits with task repetition, but raising costs with task switching . This is the advantage with repetition.
In our study, whether it is a task or response switch, children with 6 to 10 years of age found it difficult to make a change. Crone and colleagues showed a pronounced reaction time slowing on task-switch trials with response-repetition among 7-8 years old and 10-12 years old children. They also interpreted this finding (of switch costs in task-switch trials with response-repetition) in terms of carry-over effects from the previous S-R association. We did not get any significant difference in reaction time between task-repetition and task-switch conditions when responses were switched for all the age groups, while there was a significant difference between task-repetition and task-switch conditions when responses were repeated. This indicates that there was an advantage for task as well as response repetition. This is consistent with the finding from the Crone and colleagues study. However, unlike our study, they got significant difference in reaction time between the task-repetition and task-switch conditions only when responses were switched.
There were some differences in results obtained in our study and the Crone et al., study study. For example, we did not observe switch costs when the responses were switched. However, Crone and colleagues did find switch costs when responses were switched (although reduced compared to response-repetition condition). We also found larger switch costs in the S-R incompatible condition as compared to the S-R compatible condition. However, Crone and colleagues reported that the switch costs were larger when switching to the compatible task than to the incompatible task, and this effect did not differ between the age groups. Interestingly, unlike Crone and colleagues , we observed that age interacted with the response type (repetition/switching) and S-R compatibility type (S-R compatibility/incompatibility). For repeated responses, major development occurred in SC between 7 to 8 and 9 to 10 years of age, for both the compatible and incompatible conditions. The effect was magnified in the incompatible condition compared to the compatible condition.
Some of the differences between the findings from our study and other similar studies [3, 4] could be attributed to differences in stimuli and task conditions. The current study employed no cue-to-target and response-to-cue intervals, resulting in very little time to prepare for the next task. Crone and colleagues manipulated RCI at three levels (50 ms, 500 ms and 1250 ms) and used a spatial task, rather than the identity or numerosity judgments used in the current study. In their study, the S-R compatibility was based on the location of the target and the response to be made, whereas in our study it was based on the identity of the stimuli and the response. The shape or color targets redundantly cued compatible or incompatible responses. Crone and colleagues used response-stimulus interval of 50 ms and the task was specified by the stimuli themselves. In our study, a separate cue specified the task (set of stimuli were the same for both the tasks), which was similar to Cepeda and colleagues study. There were differences between our and the Cepeda and colleagues study as well. They varied RTI and CTI, with the smallest RTI and CTI of 100 ms each, which was the closest values to the null RTI and CTIs we used in our study. While Cepeda and colleagues used similar stimuli and tasks, they did not examine the critical effects of response-repetition or response-switch.
The present results suggest that the major development in overall switch costs takes place between 7 to 10 years of age. However, a closer look at RT distributions for overall task switch and task non-switch trials with the 5th percentile and 95th percentile values indicate that the decrement in switch costs may be due to the overall speeding up of the fast trials in 9 to 11 years of age, and speeding up of the slow trials in 7 to 8 and 9 to 11 years of age, in both the task switch and task non-switch trials. These results indicate that the failure to maintain task set in task switch and task non-switch trials improves between 9 and 11 years of age.
Our results indicate that the major development in error processing as measured by PES takes place between 6 to 10 years of age, with an initial increase in PES, followed by a decrease. The decrease from 7 to 10 years is not uniform, with some decrease between the ages 7 and 8, followed by a substantial reduction in PES between the ages 9 and 10. A closer look at the RT distributions for those trials immediately following an error reveals that the largest decrease, occurring between 9 and 10 years, is primarily due to decrease in RTs of the 95th percentile value, indicating a speeding up of the RTs of the slow trials. This indicates that the occasional inability to recover from prior error trials (which result in the larger number of slow trials) gets reduced with an enhanced ability to respond appropriately in the subsequent trial between 9 to 10 years of age. Our results are supported by the ERP correlates of error processing . Davis and colleagues reported that ERN amplitude in error trials increased with age. However, the ERN was very small in most young children (ages 7 to 12 years of age), which indicates that unconscious detection of errors is less developed in this age cohort. Even in the absence of the ERN, they all produced a robust Pe, as did the adults, which indicates that children with 7 to 12 years of age are able to consciously recognize the errors and are able to adjust their performance after an error.
So far, no study has closely examined the development of error processing using PES in children between 6 to 11 years, which is a period of major development of executive function in children. A few ERP studies have briefly discussed the behavioral component (PES) of error processing [6, 5, 37]. For example, Wiersema and colleagues examined the developmental trajectory of error processing in children (aged 7-8), young adolescent (13-14), and adults (age 23-24). They found no difference between age groups with respect to PES. Davis and colleagues also reported no difference between age groups for PES. In contrast, Hogan and colleagues observed an increase in the amount of PES from adolescence (age 12-19) to adulthood (age 19-22). There could be two possible accounts for the diverging results. First, all these studies have combined children with different ages, which makes it difficult to precisely track the developmental changes in error processing. Secondly, the different results can at least partly be attributed to differing task requirements. For example, Wiersema and colleagues used a Go/No-Go task, unlike the task switching paradigm used in the present study. Hogan and colleagues used forced-choice response tasks of varying complexity and the difference was only found in the most complex task, indicating that task complexity may play a critical role in highlighting the developmental trends in error processing.
Major development in task switching takes place between 7 to 10 years of age, while major development in error processing takes place between 6 to 8 and 9 to 10 years of age. The development of task switching as a function of response repetition/switching - SR compatibility/incompatibility is similar to the developmental trend of PES. With respect to the switch cost in the response repetition condition (reversed-repetition effect), the developmental pattern of PES was similar to that of task switching. Since reversed-repetition effect has been linked to the inhibitory process [13, 14], inhibition could be a common mechanism underlying task switching and PES.
In addition to inhibition, other mechanisms underlie task switching and PES. For example, cue encoding may play a critical role in task switching and orienting to the error tone may underlie PES (Burns JT: The effects of error on reaction time in a serial reaction task, unpublished). In the present study, the CTI was 0 ms (cue and the target both appeared simultaneously), so participants were not required to remember the cue regarding the task to be performed. Orienting accounts of PES suggest that PES is caused by the relative infrequency of errors which cause attentional capture. However, the orienting account of the PES is also linked to orienting to the inhibitory process. For example, it has been suggested that the occurrence of an error was followed by an orienting response which inhibited rather than facilitated subsequent responses (Burns JT: The effects of error on reaction time in a serial reaction task, unpublished). In line with this, Barcelo and colleagues reported slowing after infrequent events (oddballs) to the task. Hence, the orienting account also suggests an inhibitory mechanism explanation for PES, which further strengthens our argument that inhibition could be a common mechanism underlying task switching and error processing.
In addition to common mechanism (inhibition) between task switching and error processing, failure to maintain task set could be a different mechanism which underlies only in task switching but not in error processing. Thus, with respect to the failure to maintain task set task switching and error processing are dissociable processes. A closer look at the RT distributions of task switch and task non-switch, response switch and response repetition, S-R compatible and S-R incompatible trials, and post error trials reveal that the development of both the processes (task switching and error processing) differed in terms of difference in age-related changes observed in the 5th and 95th percentile value. For example, major reduction in switch costs was observed between 9 to 11 years, primarily due to the sudden decrease in the 95th percentile value, indicating the decrement in RTs in the slow trials. Major reduction in values was obtained for RT distribution of trials immediately following an error in the 5th and 95th percentile. This indicates a decrease in RTs in both the fast and slow trials respectively. It appears that the failure to maintain a task set occasionally on task switch and task non-switch trials stayed constant in children with 6 to 9 years of age. However, these failures come down between 9 and 11 years of age.
In addition, major changes in RT occurred between 9 to 11 years, in both the fast and slow trials of task type (task switch and task repetition), which was also observed with other two variables such as response type (response switch and response repetition), and S-R compatibility type (S-R compatible and S-R incompatible). These results indicate that the major age-related changes in task switching occurred in the later age group (9 to 11 years). However, in the PES, major development was observed in the early ages such as 6 to 9 years in fast trials and 9 to 10 years in slow trials. These results indicated that the major age-related changes in PES occurred in the early age group (6 to 9 years) as well as in the later age group (9 to 10 years). These results suggest that both task switching and error processing show some differences with respect to failure-to-maintain task set.
Together, these results throw some light on the long-running debate between unitary and component views of executive control. The unitary theory of executive control posits a unified mechanism or a common resource underlying various aspects of executive control, while component theories of executive control argued that executive control consists of a number of distinct but interacting components such as task switching and error processing. Results of the present study support component views of executive control. We also found that there are shared as well as different mechanisms underlying control processes such as task switching and error processing.
In the present study we have not manipulated the response-cue interval or the cue-target interval. These could be further manipulated in future studies to see the effect of these variables in the development of task switching in children.
It appears that the major development in task switching takes place between 7 to 10 years of age, which indicates that task switching develops continuously. However, when we look at the switch costs as a function of response repetition/switching - SR compatibility/incompatibility then the development in task switching was not continuous. Major development in error processing takes place between 6 to 8 and 9 to 10 years of age, which indicates that the development of error processing is not continuous, but occurs in spurts. The developmental pattern of error processing is similar to the developmental pattern of task switching in response-repetition condition, in both the compatible and incompatible trials, indicating that inhibition could be a common mechanism underlying both the processes. However, with respect to the mechanism underlying failure-to-maintain task sets, the two processes of error processing and task switching are dissociable. The present study supports the component view of executive control. It also has implications for developmental disorders like ADHD characterized by executive control deficits.
We are grateful to the children, parents and teachers who participated in the study. We also thank Dr. Sanjay Chandrasekharan and Prof. Jim Brown for their comments on the manuscript.
RG designed, collected data, performed analysis, and wrote the manuscript. BRK helped in the design and writing of the manuscript. NS helped in design and data analysis, and wrote the manuscript. All authors have read and approved the final manuscript.
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How does homeopathy relate to dentistry?
The oral and facial structures of the body, the teeth, muscles, nerves, ligaments, and other structures, have their own unique signs and symptoms. Complicating this, dental treatment itself often produces different types of stresses on the body. Thus, a number of homeopathic remedies can be applied by the dental practitioner.
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0.593876 |
Were you looking for information about Ginkgo Biloba? Ginko biloba is a common misspelling of ginkgo biloba.
Ginkgo biloba (ginkgo) is an herbal supplement that is commonly used for enhancing memory and mental function. Some of the active compounds in this supplement may have blood-thinning properties and may help to prevent cell damage. Although ginkgo biloba appears to offer numerous health benefits, more research is needed to confirm its safety and effectiveness.
Potential side effects include an upset stomach, dizziness, and headaches. In addition, ginkgo biloba is very prone to drug interactions, many of which can be quite serious. This product is not suitable for everyone. For example, you may not be able to take ginkgo biloba safely if you have diabetes, epilepsy, or a bleeding disorder. Before taking it, you should talk to your healthcare provider about warnings and precautions that may apply to you.
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However, here the question arises: Can your in-laws ever become as close your parents? Can they understand you as good as parents? Sometimes, even when a woman builds a strong relationship with her in-laws, things may not go, as she hoped. A strong bond may give your in-laws, an opportunity to interfere in your personal space as well.
Interference of in-laws in a relationship is one of the common problem, a woman faces after her marriage. A woman needs to know how to balance this relationship. Here are a few tips which will have a healthy relationship with your in-laws.
Try to maintain a smart distance: Too much interference of your parents-in-law may sometimes be a thorn in your relationship with your spouse and it can affect your parenting skills as well. They are definitely more experienced, so they may give you advice on handling the relationships, in their own way. However, you should use your own mind to choose, which way to go and whether to get influenced by them or not.
Setting limits: It become easier for a woman if she sets boundaries or limits to have lovable relationship with her in-laws. It is less likely that they will behave as your own parents, while listening to your problems with your spouses. Thus, it is important not to tell each and everything.
Know them more: If you are newly married, you should not limit your meetings with your in-laws to holidays only. You also need to spend time with them socially as well so that you get acquainted with their traditions, customs and their lifestyle, after all, your spouse is being raised by them.
Keep relationship with your spouse, your highest priority: This is the most important thing a woman should follow. Whatever the relationship with your in-laws you have, you should always take care of your husband’s feelings into account without losing your self-respect.
When a woman is married, she is no longer in the protective shell of her own parents; she enters into whole new world and should learn to accept relationships. A woman’s in-laws may be as understanding as her own parents but a limit should be set, to have smooth relationships because a woman’s husband is also involved in the picture. Thus, it’s better if the woman discusses things with her spouse but at the same time, she should not always be complaining. Thus, you should keep your self-esteem high and try to keep relationships with your in-laws, healthy.
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Indonesian President Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono is alleged to be the target of an assassination plot.
(CNN) -- A series of anti-terror raids helped foil an assassination attempt on the Indonesian president by militants, the national police chief said Friday.
"Based from our investigation and the confessions of arrested terrorist suspects, we know that their target was to assassinate the president (Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono) and other high-ranking state officials and guests," said Chief Bambang Danuri, the indonesian police chief.
Indonesian police conducted a series of raids in recent months on groups suspected of having ties to al Qaeda Aceh, a militant Islamic organization that has operated a training camp in the majority-Muslim Indonesian province of Aceh.
Police have killed 13 suspected terrorists and arrested 71 others since February, and have confiscated scores of weapons and ammunition for AK-47s and M-16 rifles.
Al Qaeda Aceh is an offshoot of Jemaah Islamiyah, the group behind the deadly 2002 bomb attacks on Bali and a pair of 2009 bombings at Western hotels in Jakarta.
Police also learned that a recently-raided militant camp had been headed by Dulmatin, the suspected terrorist behind the Bali bombings who was killed by Indonesian police in March.
"This discovery signifies that the terrorist groups have changed their tactics from bombing to armed attacks," the police chief said.
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(CNN) — I knew Frank Lloyd Wright's name before I knew anything about his work.
Maybe it was from the worst Simon & Garfunkel song ever. Maybe it was just a name thrown around in art class under the rubric of "Person You Should Have Heard Of By Now."
But when I finally did discover Wright's work, it was by accident -- a trip to the Guggenheim Museum in New York City.
Stunned by the building as much as the art inside it, I looked up the name of the architect only to find a very familiar set of names -- Frank Lloyd Wright.
For most Americans, Wright's name is associated with houses. He believed that quality design could be affordable, that people should live in harmony with nature instead of closed off from it, and that you didn't need a lot of space to live comfortably -- all, to my ear, very American ideas.
This June, Wright fans around the world will celebrate the 150th anniversary of the architect's birth, with New York's Museum of Modern Art (MoMA) kicking off an exhibit dedicated to his life and work on June 12.
But my own personal journey into Wright sent me to the Midwest, where he was born and where many of his most singular designs still stand.
Wright was born in Spring Green, Wisconsin, to a mother of Welsh heritage. He honored that heritage in the name of his home and studio there, Taliesin, (tally-essen), which is Welsh for "shining brow."
Like many icons, Wright was as well-known for his life as for his work. He was known for his scandalous relationships with women and for often having financial problems, refusing to pay bar tabs or going wildly over budget on building projects.
Arguably the most controversial was "The Taliesin Murders," when a disgruntled employee set fire to the Wisconsin estate, resulting in the death of, among others, "Mamah" Borthwick Cheney, the woman for whom Wright had left his wife of 20 years.
Today, the murders aren't part of the typical Taliesin tour -- although guides will answer questions if asked directly, and some will show you a charred section of the roof that was singed in the fire and never replaced -- but they remain a key part of Wright's mythology.
However, it was a more recent cultural reference that crossed my mind: All I could think about was the recent death of Taliesin Myrddin Namkai-Meche, the young man in Portland who defended two young Muslim girls from an attacker and was killed in the process -- was he named for Wright's famous home? And if so, what kind of awful symbolism was this?
Taliesin is a great place to get introduced to some of the signature elements of Wright's style, which will begin to feel familiar once you've seen a few of his structures -- long straight beams, short ceilings that give way to larger open spaces, outdoor elements like plants brought indoors, heavy emphasis on natural light, and a major lack of storage space.
Visiting Taliesin could easily fill an entire day -- there are multiple buildings on the compound, including a school, and the grounds are expansive.
But Wisconsin had so many other riches -- and just opened up an official Frank Lloyd Wright trail this year -- I had to keep moving.
SC Johnson: The Frank Lloyd Wright-designed Administration Building.
Within a single day, I saw several of Wright's most notable buildings: the offices for the SC Johnson complex in Racine (where Wright cleverly integrated building materials like glass tubes, and where he built a dumbwaiter so scientists could send each other things from different floors), and sweeping Wingspread (which began as a home for Johnson's then-president and is now used as event space).
The office, done in Wright's trademark dusty "Cherokee red" hue and with chairs and other furniture designed by the man himself -- he loved the idea of having full creative control, even though he had never formally studied carpentry-- gives off a major "Mad Men" vibe.
Despite Wright's international fame, not every building is as well-maintained as Taliesin or SC Johnson. Many have fallen into disrepair, cared for only by a committed team of local Wright fans and preservationists. One such example is the "Burnham Houses," named because they occupy a full block of houses on Milwaukee's Burnham Street.
The Burnham homes include duplexes -- a curious anomaly, as Wright was best known for single-family homes -- and are being purchased and fixed up one by one by the Wright in Wisconsin group. They're of particular interest to Wright fans, as it's the only time he designed multiple buildings on the same street.
Like many Wright groups around the country and the world, Wright in Wisconsin is hoping that the surge of interest around the 150th will bring in additional funds and support for their work.
Another such project is the AD German Warehouse, whose volunteer docent wagers it is the least-visisted Wright site in the world. The warehouse had fallen into disuse, and some locals -- who still resent Wright or have a story about a bar tab he ran out on and never paid -- wanted to tear it down.
Preservationists won out, though, and now a group of local volunteers have even gone so far as to hire experts in Hazmat suits to clean years' worth of animal and bird feces out of the building. Now, there's a small gift shop, the occasional guided tour, and the happy discovery of Wright artifacts from a retrospective of his work the architect put together in Italy.
The next day, it was on to Wisconsin's capital of Madison, where one of Wright's most enduring designs was not completed until after his death -- Monona Terrace, a community center and event space -- and he designed a project with special personal meaning, the First Unitarian Society Meeting House, which was a church whose founders included his parents.
As a designer of public places, it seems fitting that Wright's designs would evolve over time. Monona hosts weddings and high school proms, while the First Unitarian Society shares its space with a local synagogue.
Historic Park Inn: The only remaining Wright-designed hotel.
Although Wright designed several hotels in his lifetime -- including the now-demolished Imperial Hotel in Tokyo, which began his longtime appreciation for Japanese design -- the only one still standing is the Historic Park Inn in the small town of Mason City, Iowa.
Wright was commissioned to design a law office and a hotel in Mason City, which have since been combined into one single building -- it's probably the only hotel in the world that also contains a legal library.
The town, whose other claim to fame is inspiring the setting of River City in Meredith Wilson's musical "The Music Man," might not otherwise be on the radar of international tourists, but thanks to its Wright connection travelers regularly visit from as far away as Germany and Brazil.
And while some Wright buildings get a reputation for being uncomfortable to live in -- remember that thing about him hating closets -- the hotel has been modernized with conveniences like Wi-Fi and TV without destroying the original design, and, don't worry, the beds are delightfully cozy.
Because of Mason City's remoteness -- about 140 miles south of Minneapolis and 140 miles northwest of Cedar Rapids -- many Wrightaholics combine their stay at the Park Inn with visits to Cedar Rock -- a home Wright designed for the wealthy Walter family -- and the Stockman House, a quintessential brown-and-white home in Mason City.
Although I only visited two US states, I was able to fit more than a dozen Wright properties onto my schedule -- and that's nothing compared to some of the other diehard Wright fans I met at Taliesin and elsewhere, some of whom have clocked more than a hundred homes and buildings so far.
But with Wright it's not just about quantity, about crossing names off a list.
His work has helped me to understand some of what it means to be American.
Unlike many great architects of the past, Wright didn't design ornate palaces or cathedrals -- he made homes, many of which were in the range that a regular family (granted, a regular family with an appreciation for design and a willingness to put a piano in the living room even if they didn't know how to play) could afford.
He made public spaces, like Monona Terrace, where people could take classes or interact with civic leaders.
When he designed servants' quarters, they too were elegant-- he believed that rich or poor, everyone deserved access to great design and to beauty.
Yes, his personal life had scandal. Yes, he could sometimes be a real pain to work with.
But his ideas continue on well beyond his life, and places from Manhattan to Mason City are studded with examples of his work -- nearly everyone in the United States is within driving distance of something he created.
In a big, diverse, eclectic country like this one, it's a rare feat -- and an important one.
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How to win Blackjack in casino?
Blackjack can be beaten using a simple Plus Minus count. Casinos have known this for fifty years since Edward O. Thorp wrote a book called Beat the Dealer. But the game is still offered because not enough players take the time to learn how to play blackjack very well.
The house edge changes as cards are removed from a deck of cards. Players must play perfect basic strategy and count cards to take advantage of the times they hold the edge by wagering more.
To do this, the Plus Minus count is used to keep a running total of the "count". As a player sees cards in action, they assign the following numbers and keep a running count in their head.
With a new deck or a new shoe, the count will always start at zero.
For example, on the first hand, the cards on the table are a ten, a 5, a 6, an 8, and an ace. You count minus 1 for the ten, back to even with the five, plus 1 with the six, the eight is zero - so ignore it, and back to even with the ace. Your running count is back to zero. As new cards are revealed you continue the count. Any time the count is a minus number or zero, make a bet of one unit.
When the count is positive, bet more than one unit. By betting more when you have the edge, and less when you don't, you can actually beat the casino at blackjack!
Of course you have to practice the count before you ever play for real money!
On the first hand of a single deck you bet one unit and wait. Here is the run of cards: 6, 4, 2 ace, ten, five, four, six, 9, 8. Your count should be: one, two, three, two, one, two, three, four, four, four (ignore the 7, 8, 9 - they are zero).
Now the odds are in your favor, bet two or three units.
Next hand the new cards seen are: ten, 8, 2, ace, ten, 4, ten, ten, 9, ten, 3. Your count should start with four and go three, three, four, three, four, three, two, two, three. The count is still three so you should bet two or three units again.
In a single deck game you will probably get just one more hand. Your work is done and you got to bet more when you had the edge. Whenever the count is negative or even, bet one unit. If you are playing on a shoe game with more than one deck, you will need to convert your running count to a true count before making your next bet.
Winning at the Casino: Gambling Strategies to Consistently Win at Las Vegas Casino Games or How to Win at Playing Roulette, Slots, Blackjack, Craps & Baccarat-Win at Playing Online Casino Games, too!
How to Win Blackjack Every Time?
How to win in Blackjack?
How to win at Blackjack in a casino?
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Reflect on the following questions. As you do, think about the extent you struggle with doubt. Think about how there are some believers who would answer these questions very differently than you do. And think about whether you understand doubt, and can talk about it Christianly in terms of its relationship to knowledge, faith, and unbelief.
“Have you ever felt intellectually embarrassed to admit that you were a Christian?
“Do you ever feel somewhat schizophrenic about the relationship of your faith to the rest of your life? Do you find yourself compartmentalizing different aspects so that tensions between them are minimized?
“Do you ever think, ‘Those close to me would be shocked if they knew some of the doubts I have about my faith?’ Do you ever scare even yourself with your doubts?
“Have you sometimes felt like walking out of a church service because it seemed contrived and empty?
“How often do you find yourselves at odds with your surroundings—intellectually, socially, spiritually? Is there part of you which feels out of place no matter where you are?
“Someone at work says, ‘Christians check their brains at the door of the church every Sunday, and most of them don’t bother to pick them up on the way out.’ Do you find yourself objecting or agreeing?
“Someone at church says, ‘The humanists are destroying our country. We have got to elect Christian politicians and get this country back to God like it used to be.’ Are you more likely to say ‘Amen’ or ‘Baloney’—or to grunt and change the subject?
“Do you personally find a high degree of paradox in matters of faith, or does it seem primarily reasonable and logical?
“How confident are you that you know God’s desires regarding the specific political, social, and moral issues which face our society?
“Would it bother you more to be thought a hypocrite or a cynic? Why?
Just about everything about doubt is unsettling. It’s unsettling to doubt, especially if the stakes are high and if we find ourselves doubting when everyone else seems content. It’s unsettling to discover that sometimes our very best reasoning isn’t sufficient to resolve our doubts, or that the search for answers simply increases our uncertainty. It’s unsettling to meet Christians who never seem to doubt, and who are unsettled instead by the fact we doubt things they consider settled. And it’s unsettling when non-Christian friends hesitate to believe, and raise an endless stream of doubts instead.
Without doubt, doubt and its relationship to faith, knowledge, and unbelief is worth some careful reflection by the discerning Christian. Understanding doubt is important not only for our own faith, but also if we expect to help others come to faith and resolve their doubts biblically.
*Some of the names in this question were changed for this article.
1. To what extent do you relate to the questions in the above list? How would you characterize yourself in terms of doubt?
2. “The world of Christian is not a fairy-tale, make-believe world, question-free and problem-proof, but a world where doubt is never far from faith’s shoulder,” Os Guinness writes. “If we constantly doubt what we believe and always believe-yet-doubt, we will be in danger of undermining our personal integrity, if not our stability. But if ours is an examined faith, we should be unafraid to doubt. If doubt is eventually justified, we were believing what clearly was not worth believing. But if doubt is answered, our faith has grown stronger still. It knows God more certainly and it can enjoy God more deeply. Obviously, then, each one of us should understand doubt for God’s sake and for ours.” How do you respond to this?
3. Do you feel comfortable sharing your doubts within your Christian community? Why or why not? Since the Christian community should be a place which warmly welcomes doubters, providing a safe place to search for answers to honest questions, what is the problem? What can we do to help our Christian community be a safe haven for doubters?
4. How would you define doubt? How would you define its relationship to faith? To knowledge? To unbelief? Can you define them in terms an unbeliever can relate to? To what extent do you understand doubt? What plans should you make?
Recommended reading: God in the Dark: The Assurance of Faith Beyond a Shadow of Doubt by Os Guinness (Westchester, IL: Crossway Books; 1996) 224 pp.
Guinness from In Two Minds: The Dilemma of Doubt and How to Resolve It by Os Guinness (Downers Grove, IL: InterVarsity Press; 1976) p. 15-16.
Questions adapted from The Myth of Certainty: The Reflective Christian and the Risk of Commitment by Daniel Taylor (Downers Grove, IL: InterVarsity Press; 1986, 1992) p. 14-15.
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0.949173 |
World War I (also known as the First World War , the Great War, and the "War to End All Wars") was a conflict that lasted from 1914 to 1918. Chemical weapons were used for the first time, the first mass bombardment of civilians from the sky was executed, and some of the century's first genocides took place during the war. No previous conflict had mobilized so many soldiers, or involved so many in the field of battle. Never before had casualties been so high. World War I was also a war of change, a last blow to the old order in Europe to pave way for the new. Dynasties such as the Habsburgs, Romanovs, and Hohenzollerns, who had dominated the European political landscape and had roots of power back to the days of the Crusades, all fell after the four-year war. Many of the events and phenomena that would dominate the world of the twentieth century can trace their origins to this war — including the spread of Communism, World War II and even the Cold War.
World War I proved to be the decisive break with the old world order, marking the final demise of absolutist monarchy in Europe. It would prove the catalyst for the Russian Revolution, which would inspire later revolutions in countries as diverse as China and Cuba, and would lay the basis for the Cold War confrontation between the Soviet Union and the United States. The defeat of Germany in the war and failure to resolve the unsettled issues that had caused the Great War would lay the basis for the rise of Nazism, and thus the outbreak of World War II in 1939. It also laid the basis for a more modern form of warfare that relied heavily on technology, and would involve non-combatants in the horrors of war as never before. Although wars had been brutal affairs, often causing mass hardship for civilian populations, from this point on, all people of all classes would have to see the true color of war on a greater scale than before. World War I showed the direction war was headed where each side would begin to use desperate and sometimes horrific strategies to gain any advantage.
It was commonly called "The Great War" or sometimes "the war to end all wars" until World War II, although the name "First World War" was coined as early as 1920 by Lt-Col à Court Repington in The First World War 1914–18. Some scholars write of the First World War as merely the first phase of a 30-year-long war spanning the period 1914–1945.
Over 9 million men would die on the battlefield, and nearly that many more people would die on the homefront from food shortages, starvation, genocide, and being caught up in the fighting.
Because of the (1914-1918) world war, though, everything changed. The wartime trenches had infestations of lice and fleas. Soldiers had their heads shaved. Consequently men with short hair appeared to have been at the front in the war, while men with long hair might be thought of as pacifists and cowards, suspected of desertion.
1916, Zurich: "A line of poetry is a chance to get rid of all the filth that clings to this accursed language," Ball exclaimed. "I want the word where it ends and begins," he cried. "Dada is the heart of words." (That was "The First Dada Manifesto," July 14, 1916). The Cabaret Voltaire. Zurich.
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Why you should consider buying an electric vehicle, a switch to electric car can be an economic option and better choice for the environment. EV's produce zero emissions emits no exhaust gas, driving an EV means to avoid oil and filter changes, engine and transmission service.
Electric vehicles tend to be driven fewer miles than the gasoline vehicles, which means they’ve typically endured less wear. Electric motors are more durable than gasoline or diesel engines, electric motors have fewer moving part and required less maintenance. EV's are much more affordable to drive.
Some used EV shoppers might be concerned about having to replace an battery pack, but they likely last over the 100 000 mile - 160 000 km with minimal degradation and automakers cover battery packs under extensive warranty for at least 8 years.
The state of the battery pack can be determined by accumulated distance on the vehicle.
Range is the distance an electric vehicle can travel between charging, the range is the key metrics you should look at when considering to buy an EV. If you live in a region with extreme weather, you may want to look for a used with a built-in active thermal management system, a liquid heating or cooling technology that preserves the optimum temperature of battery pack.
What to look for when shopping for an EV's you still have to follow all the normal steps when it comes to buying a used car.
• Research the sales price for different EV's make and models.
• Get a vehicle history report and records, this will help you to eliminate vehicles with potential problems.
• Determine the warranty, see what coverage is extended to your vehicle check with vehicle manufacture if the warranty is transferable.
• Make sure you test drive the vehicle, be prepared to take a slightly longer road test. Ask your seller to have the battery fully charged and then complete at least a 50 km circuit to gauge the true battery range using the instrument readout.
• Obtain vehicle history records by VIN Vehicle Identification Number, look for VIN# under the windshield.
• Have a mechanic inspect the vehicle before you make your purchase. A dealer trained technician is the best person to carry of scan on electric vehicles, due to the complicated nature of those vehicles and their advanced electronic systems.
• If you make a deal, ensure that you register the ownership of the vehicle with its manufacturer. This guarantee that you receive any recall notices, getting the ownership transfer completed with the automaker will provide some remaining warranty coverage.
• Listed price do not include additional fees: government fees and taxes, title and registration fees, licensing and plate fees, finance charges, document preparation fees.
• Check gaps between panels if equal on both sides, doors and bumpers.
• Check the vehicle parts are equal colors.
• Check for painting over spray (bodywork or new paint).
• Check for windshield carks.
• Look for corrosion on charging port flap.
• Check for rust on fenders and under the vehicle.
• Check if the vehicle is equiped with the Eco tires.
Eco tires on electric vehicles not only help you achieve maximum range, but also give your vehicle its handling and performance characteristics.
• Check for any cracks on tirest or if they worn out.
• Check for irregular wear or mismatched tires.
• Check for damaged rims.
• Look for Charging Gear, check if charging cables has any damage.
If the dashboard displays two different charging times you should have two charging cables, regular cables and fast charger bigger cables.
• Check if all cameras are working, rear-view camera when putting into reveres and the side-view cameras.
• Check for the original SD Card, some function do not work without it.
• Check charge level indicator and the battery condition indicators on dashboard displays.
• Check software updates, the updates are to optimize the performance of various vehicle systems.
• Check for excessive wear on seats, brake and accelerator pedals.
• Check for misaligned or loose panels.
• Check for water leaks, look under carpet wet carpet or dampness under the carpet.
• Check if steering wheel is worn excessively.
• Check the radio and USB is working.
• Check air conditioner is blowing cold air.
• Check if heating system is working.
• Check power-locs and power-windows operates.
• Check if mirrors and sunroof is working.
• Check if rear window and side mirrors defogger is working.
• Check seat belts and all the controls.
• Check visibility, do you feel comfortable in driver's seat.
• Check if the steering wheel has excessive free play.
• Check for shock absorbers leaks and broken boots.
• Check brake fluid level in the container, fluid leaks.
• Check if the break pedal has excessive travel or goes down to the floor.
• Check brake lines for corrosion and the brakes pades for wear.
• Check the brake rotors for corrosion and groves.
• The battery that won't hold a charge, it's likely the problem is with the battery.
• Vehicle that pulls to one side, has wrong tires or need alignment.
• Squealing brakes, brake liners worn out need the brake job .
• Lack of control when turning a corner, stearing linkage problem or shock absorbers worn out.
• Contact the seller directly by the phone number listed on our site, if the phone does not work, ask for correct number by email.
• Arrange a meeting with the seller so that you may see the vehicle, if seller refuses to inspect the vehicle do not make a deal.
• Never share your personal information: banking information or credit card numbers.
• Check the status of the vehicle lien.
• Do not transfer money via wire.
• Seller refuses to talk via telephone, fraud is usually email based.
• Be aware of very low price.
• Be wary of dramatized stories about the seller.
• The seller says meeting is impossible, out of country sellers.
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0.969672 |
Taking care of the hair is just as important as taking care of the skin and the body. It is important to pamper ourselves and give importance to the hair as there are some factors in our daily lives that can affect it.
Shampoo and conditioners usually contain silicon as one of the ingredients because it can add shine to the hair but this could actually damage the hair.
Silicons are polymers with a chemical structure that covers the hair with a thin hydrophobic or waterproof coating. What can this coating do to the hair? This coating can actually reduce the porosity of the hair, which is great for smoothing and straightening the hair, reduces the hair tangles, and makes the hair feel slippery. However, this coating can prevent the moisture to penetrate to the hair which can cause dryness and brittleness. Silicon can help the hair to have an illusion of healthy, shiny hair but as the silicon builds up on the hair, it can cause rashes, burning, itching, and irritation to the hair follicles which can lead to hair shedding or hair loss.
It would be the best to avoid using shampoo and conditioner that contains silicons because it will help keep the moisture to penetrate into the hair shaft and let the natural oils of the scalp to nourish and hydrate the hair and maintain a very healthy hair.
2. Avoid using hair styling tools too much.
The heat of flat and curling irons will affect the hair severely since this will directly be in contact with all the strands of the hair. The damage that will be created will depend on the use of it. At the same time, the most damaging factor is the use of flat and curling irons on wet hair. This will burn the hair and the follicles of the damp hair strands, which will weaken and break the hair.
3. Having a healthy diet.
Extreme diet is not good for the health of the hair because this can cause lack of nutrients and mineral deficiencies which can cause hair loss, flaky scalp, brittle hair, dry hair, thinning hair, and other hair problems.
4. Avoid getting stressed out.
Stress and hair loss is associated with one another. The three types of hair loss that are associated with stress are Telogen effluvium, Trichotillomania, and Alopecia areata. Telogen effluvium is a significant stress that makes large numbers of hair follicles into resting phase which can cause hairs to fall out while combing or washing. Trichotillomania is having the urge to pull out hairs from the scalp, eyebrows, and other parts of the body. This can be caused by stress, tension, loneliness, boredom, or frustration. Alopecia areata will attack the immune system of the body which will cause hair loss.
5. Pamper yourself and get a hair treatment.
It is important to pamper yourself once in a while and give importance to your hair. Hair treatment is important in order to maintain a healthy hair because of heat styling tools, hair dye, and other chemical-laden products. There are also other factors that may damage the hair such as from being out in the sun or from swimming in the pool or in the beach. You may choose to make your own hair treatment at home or go to your favorite hair salon.
Step 1: Combine half an avocado, 2 tablespoon argan oil, 10 drops of rosemary essential oil, and 1 tablespoon of apple cider vinegar in a blender.
Step 2: Place the mask from the hair roots to the tips.
Step 3: Clip the hair and let it sit for 15 minutes.
Step 4: Rinse and wash with shampoo.
Step 1: Massage half a cup of plain yogurt into damp hair.
Step 2: Let it sit for 20 minutes.
Step: Rinse with warm water then followed by cool water and shampoo.
Step 1: Mix 2 tablespoon fresh lemon juice, 2 tablespoon olive oil, and 2 tablespoon water.
Step 2: Massage into damp scalp.
Step 3: Let it sit for 20 minutes.
Step 4: Rinse and wash hair with shampoo.
Step 1: Pour 1 tablespoon cornmeal or cornstarch into an empty salt or pepper shaker.
Step 2: Sprinkle it onto dry scalp.
Step 3: Let it sit for 10 minutes.
Step 4: Use a hairbrush to remove the cornmeal or cornstarch from the scalp.
Step 1: Mash half an avocado and add 1 to 2 tablespoon of egg yolk or mayonnaise and massage it into clean, damp hair.
Step 2: Let it sit for 15 minutes.
Step 1: Massage half a cup of honey and 1 to 2 tablespoon of avocado or egg yolk into clean, damp hair.
Step 1: Apply half a cup of egg mixture on clean, damp hair. Add more if needed.
Step 3: Rinse the hair with cool water and wash it with shampoo.
Step 1: Pour a cup of cooled chamomile tea with lemon juice on clean, wet hair.
Step 2: Let it sit for a couple of minutes.
Step 3: Rinse and shampoo the hair.
Step 4: Blow dry the hair and you would see shocking results.
KIYOSA JAPANESE TOTAL BEAUTY OFFERS HAIR TREATMENTS FOR AS LOW AS PHP 500!
Color and Perm costs Php 500 to Php 1000 depending on the hair length. This will help detoxify the hair and lessen the negative effects of the chemicals. At the same time, the hair follicles will return back to its former state and become light and smooth. Smooth and Silky costs P1400 to Php 1800 depending on the hair length. This will supply the moisture and nutrients needed in the hair. At the same time, this will coat and protect the hair cuticle to make the hair silky and bouncy. Damage care costs Php 2200 to Php 2600 depending on the hair length. This will repair the hair follicles and regenerate the natural components affected by the damage to make the hair more healthy and manageable.
There are two types of water which are soft water and hard water. In the Philippines, we are using hard water and, in Japan, soft water is being used. What are the differences in using hard water and soft water?
Hard water is water without going through any chemical process and is the most natural type of water, which is actually similar to rainfall. In order to make hard water, the water needs to go through the ground where it will be filtered with stones and mineral deposits.
The advantage of hard water is that this type of water contains all natural minerals such as calcium, magnesium, and iron wherein it can help fight and prevent heart and cardiovascular diseases, which is good for the health.
The disadvantages of hard water is that it causes hair fall and damage. Some problems that may also incur includes frizzy hair, dry hair, dull hair, dandruff, split-ends, thinning hair, and hair tangle. Because hard water contains a lot of minerals and oxidizers, some of these are actually not good for the hair and the scalp. Some of the oxidizers and minerals such as copper, magnesium, calcium, and iron can cause dry, frizzy, and falling hair.
Soft water is formed from hard water. The hard water will be ionized which will cause all of the minerals in the hard water to be removed. If individuals will drink this type of water, there will be an increase of sodium in their bodies. One of the biggest problems that may happen to an individual is having high blood pressure and potentially harm the blood cells in the body due to the unwanted elements that may be in the water when it flows through the taps.
To sum it all up, hard water is good for drinking but bad for the health of the hair. On the other hand, soft water is bad for drinking but it is the best for the health of the hair since all of the harsh minerals are not included in the soft water anymore.
It is important to use a paddle brush for the hair because it is gentle and will suit all types of hair. At the same time, it is important not to brush the hair while it is still wet because it can weaken the hair shaft and it can cause hair breakage. When the hair is dry already, remember to brush the hair starting from the bottom going up in order to prevent hair loss.
According to renowned hair scientist, Dr. Niel Persadsingh, “The appearance of the hair depends largely on the health of the cuticle, the protective sheath of the whole hair.” The hair cuticle is the most important factor in hair growth since this is the outermost layer that protects the hair strands. The hair cuticle is made up of protein scales that keeps the moisture of the hair, which is also actually responsible for the appearance of the hair.
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0.999927 |
my bare cupboard: Double Trouble Cream Cheese Brownies "
I need to think more catchy titles :D Too much icing on these brownies I guess or maybe these brownies need no icing :P Compare to the brownie recipe that I tried from Better Homes and Gardens - the easiest ( I just used one mixing bowl using that recipe and there's no need to use the mixer ) to date and the yummiest , too ^o^ . This recipe's too much work :P :D Good thing it taste good - except that too thick icing :D Recipe adapted from this Coffee by Betty Rosbottom .
* Preheat the oven to 180°C / 350°F . Generously butter an 8-inch square baking pan and dust it with flour . Shake out the excess flour and set the pan aside .
* Melt 3 T of the butter and the chocolate in a heavy , medium saucepan over very low heat , stirring constantly until the mixture is smooth and creamy . Remove pan from heat and cool slightly .
* With the electric mixer on medium speed , cream the remaining 2 T of butter with cream cheese in a medium bowl . Gradually add 1/4 cup of tthe sugar and beat until it is light and fluffy . By hand , stir 1 egg , 1 T of the flour and 1/2 tsp of the vanilla . Mix to blend and set aside .
* With the electric mixer on medium speed , beat the remaining 2 eggs in a medium bowl until they are light and fluffy . Gradually add the remaining 3/4 cup of sugar and beat until the mixture is thickened , about 1 minute . Remove and fold in remaining 1/2 cup of flour , baking powder and salt . Stir in the cooled chocolate mixture , the walnuts and the remaining 1 tsp of vanilla . Pour this batter into the pan .
* Drizzle the reserved cream cheese mixture over chocolate batter in the pan and use the spatula to swirl it into the chocolate batter to create a marbled effect . Bake brownies until tester comes out clean , about 30 minutes . Remove from the oven and cool to room temperature .
* To make the icing : Put the chocolate , cream and coffee in a heavy medium saucepan over very low heat . Stir constantly until mixture is smooth and creamy . Cool for 15 minutes . Use spatula to spread the icing over the top of the brownie s. Refrigerate until the icing is firm . Slice and serve .
Wo, your brownie look so tempting!
The brownies do look delicious. Sometimes recipes are too over the top when it comes to flavor. Sorry this did not turn out as expected. Cream cheese brownies are perfect to me without icing-leaving off the icing may be your preference here. Have a great day.
Looks very delicious and I'd made once in marble effect.
Omg I want these so bad. They look so delish!
Anne, Thanks for so kind sharing on how to freeze the French bread. by the way, do i need to proof it first or slightly bake it before store into freezer. I want to store something like Delifrance frozer bread..
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0.999988 |
If you are struggling with depression, please know that depression is not a life sentence. Depression is like a filter over your eyes, and it limits the good that you can see in your world. It can result from a difficult life circumstance, and it can also stem from much older and more intransigent sources. Therapy can help you to remove that filter and create a new life where happiness can grow. Sometimes a combination of medication and therapy can be necessary or just helpful, but the focus of my work is on resolving depression through therapy.
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0.976298 |
How can therapy help me and my child?
What is play therapy? The following has been adapted from the Association for Play Therapy website.
Play therapy differs from regular play in that the therapist helps children to address and resolve their own problems. Play therapy builds on the natural way that children learn about themselves and their relationships in the world around them (Axline, 1947; Carmichael, 2006; Landreth, 2002). Through play therapy, children learn to communicate with others, express feelings, modify behavior, develop problem-solving skills, and learn a variety of ways of relating to others. Play provides a safe psychological distance from their problems and allows expression of thoughts and feelings appropriate to their development.
Although everyone benefits, play therapy is especially appropriate for children ages 3 through 12 years old (Carmichael, 2006; Gil, 1991; Landreth; 2002; Schaefer, 1993). Teenagers and adults have also benefited from play techniques and recreational processes. To that end, use of play therapy with adults within mental health, agency, and other healthcare contexts is increasing (Pedro-Carroll & Reddy, 2005; Schaefer, 2003). In recent years, play therapy interventions have also been applied to infants and toddlers (Schaefer, et. al., 2008).
Play therapy treatment plans have been utilized as the primary intervention or as an adjunctive therapy for multiple mental health conditions and concerns (Gil & Drewes, 2004; Landreth, Sweeney, Ray, Homeyer & Glover, 2005), e.g. anger management, grief and loss, divorce and family dissolution, and crisis and trauma, and for modification of behavioral disorders (Landreth, 2002), e.g. anxiety, depression, attention deficit hyperactivity (ADHD), autism or pervasive developmental, academic and social developmental, physical and learning disabilities, and conduct disorders (Bratton, Ray & Rhine, 2005). Research supports the effectiveness of play therapy with children experiencing a wide variety of social, emotional, behavioral, and learning problems, including: children whose problems are related to life stressors, such as divorce, death, relocation, hospitalization, chronic illness, assimilate stressful experiences, physical and sexual abuse, domestic violence, and natural disasters (Reddy, Files-Hall & Schaefer, 2005).
Learn to experience and express emotions.
Families play an important role in children's healing processes. The interaction between children's problems and their families is always complex. Sometimes children develop problems as a way of signaling that there is something wrong in the family. Other times the entire family becomes distressed because the child's problems are so disruptive. In all cases, children and families heal faster when they work together. The play therapist will make some decisions about how and when to involve some or all members of the family in the play therapy. At a minimum, the therapist will want to communicate regularly with the child's caretakers to develop a plan for resolving problems as they are identified and to monitor the progress of the treatment. Other options might include involving a) the parents or caretakers directly in the treatment by modifying how they interact with the child at home and b) the whole family in family play therapy (Guerney, 2000). Whatever the level of involvement of the family members, they typically play an important role in the child's healing (Carey & Schaefer, 1994; Gil & Drewes, 2004).
The information displayed for the general public and mental health professionals in this section was initially crafted by JP Lilly, LCSW, RPT-S, Kevin O'Connor, PhD, RPT-S, and Teri Krull, LCSW, RPT-S and later revised in part by Charles Schaefer, PhD, RPT-S, Garry Landreth, EdD, LPC, RPT-S, and Dale-Elizabeth Pehrsson, EdD, LPC, RPT-S. Linked mental health conditions and concerns and behavioral disorders were drafted by Pehrsson and Karla Carmichael, PhD, LPC, RPT-S respectively. Research citations were compiled by Pehrsson and Oregon State University graduate assistant Mary Aguilera.
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0.96077 |
Why use XHTML at all?
I decided to add a Google Adsense bar discretely at the bottom of the page, and once again, I had trouble with Firefox. Internet Explorer displayed the page just fine, but Firefox added the new advertisement below the existing ads at the top of the page.
Whilst this site looked like it was working just fine, I was having some trouble with the CMS. For example, the security, comments and files & images administration pages weren't working. On the public part of the site, the blog tags and archive links resulted in "page not found" errors.
According to Google Analytics, the first few human visitors have stumbled upon this site. They came from the USA, Germany and Australia. I'm actually surprised how quickly this happened as this site still is not linked to from other websites, and still has little content (I'm working on that).
It appears that the single link to my site that Google indexed was enough to entice Yahoo in for a snoop, or should that be slurp. Yes, Yahoo's search-bot is called "Yahoo! slurp." Google describes their "Googlebot" as a spider that crawls the web; Yahoo is a little less delicate and slurps instead. Branding at work, even if only website administrators see it in their logs.
... but just the login page.
EDIT (2008/06/26): I have since encountered more problems with XHTML and Adsense, and have come up with a much simpler, and more effective, solution.
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0.979373 |
What sort of features are in a tropical kitchen?
A classic but modern twist that a kitchen planner can add to a tropical style kitchen, is a simple bar stool for seating around the kitchen counter. This brings to mind another feature that invites guests to sit inside the kitchen, that is a bar or serving area, where food and drink can be immediately be served to the guests sitting around the kitchen counter.
The second smart feature that can be added to a tropical style kitchen, is ample amounts of shelf space. This usually comes in the form of floating or even hanging shelves, which are both a new and modern way to design a classic style kitchen. The shelf space is a great way to add display units to a kitchen as well an easy access to the most used items in the kitchen, such as the pots, pans, and drinking glasses.
The lighting in any kitchen is very important. Depending on the size of the kitchen one must light the space accordingly. In terms of the design style which in this case will be tropical, the lighting should be soft and subtle. Although, there should also be more natural light than artificial during the day as this reflects well on the colour scheme. The light could come from simple ceiling lights, a grand chandelier, or even several hanging outlets.
The final feature that will always be found in a traditional or modern tropical style kitchen is always an indoor plant of some kind. This is completely up to the kitchen planner or interior designer, but one should also keep in mind the size and height of the kitchen and its ceilings. The plants should preferably be of a species that can survive indoors as well as can be maintained very easily. This is another reason why the kitchen will need a lot of natural lighting.
What colours best suit a tropical kitchen?
The most common and best suited colours that a kitchen planner or interior designer can put in a tropical style kitchen would firstly be yellow. This colour can be used on the walls, the cutlery and crockery or even the furniture. For this style kitchen it would be recommended that the colour yellow be used in the bar stools or within the indoor plants.
The second colour that could be used in this tropical style kitchen would be brown and all its variations. This means that dark brown, light brown, tan, camel skin, beige and so on could be used in the kitchen. These browns are usually found naturally in the wooden elements of the kitchen such as the wooden cabinets on the walls, the floating shelves that were mentioned earlier, as well as in the drawers and long cupboards.
The third colour that should always be used when designing a kitchen, is white. This acs as a form of a pallet cleanser for the senses. It breaks the other bolder colours down in order for every aspect of the kitchen to work together. The colour white is usually used on the ceilings, and perhaps on the kitchen counters which could be white marble. But there are many more places for this colour to be used within a kitchen.
The next colours that a kitchen planner should suggest for a tropical style kitchen are a variety of colours that actually work when used in combination with one another. Orange, green and blue can be used in subtle ways such as in the kitchen utensils, the pots, pans, the artwork, the drinking glasses or any other small item of decoration used in the kitchen. This is a signature design element of the tropical style that we are trying to achieve.
How can I make my tropical kitchen more modern?
One of the best ways to transform a traditional tropical style kitchen into a modern tropical style kitchen is by installing some modern kitchen appliances to the kitchen to combine those two world into one. The first modern appliance that a kitchen planner could add is a gas stove. These are fast becoming the safest and more affordable way to cook in a modern kitchen as they do not need any electricity and they can be re-gassed easily.
The second modern appliance that could be added to a tropical kitchen is a stainless steel fridge. These fridges are great for storing your perishables as well as for adding a sleek modern element to the space. As compared to the old fashioned plastic fridges, they are more futuristic and can perform a lot more functions.
Lastly, every kitchen planner should suggest that their clients add an extractor fan that come in a variety of shapes and sizes as well as colours and designs. Although the most common material used to make these fans are aluminium or stainless steel. The main purpose of an extractor fan is to help clear out odours, smoke and steam from a kitchen whilst they are being produced. They also help in preventing grease fires and smoke inhalation within the home.
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0.999996 |
One of my Realtor friends asked me to post this article to help people gain a better understanding of how to purchase a home and facilitate a more efficient process for everyone involved. As a residential sales associate for many years, my friend has personally witnessed many situations in which a lack of knowledge about the purchase process exerted a range of negative consequences.
Oftentimes a person embarking on a search for a new home is motivated by a new listing that has recently hit the market. The process typically begins with a person falling in love with a particular home. After viewing the pictures, reading about the home, and in many cases driving by the place on numerous occasions, they call a Realtor and schedule a time to see the property.
It’s an incredibly exciting time and an emotional roller coaster for everyone, especially first-time buyers and home owners who are looking for their dream home. Unfortunately, the excitement and hopes are sometimes dashed on the pavement Humpty-Dumpty style after speaking with a mortgage broker and figuring out a budget.
To avoid this terrible outcome, any person who is interested in purchasing a home should contact a mortgage broker before they speak with a Realtor. No matter what the state of a person’s finances may be, the focus of the conversation should be on the acquisition of a letter of preapproval.
Obtaining a letter of preapproval from a mortgage broker can provide a wealth of insight into the search process and minimize inconveniences. The necessary steps to get preapproved can be completed electronically, so the idea that it’s a time consuming ordeal is a misconception.
This is not to be confused with a note of prequalification, which really only amounts to a lot of meaningless talk. Instead, a note of preapproval is worth its weight because the diligence that has to be performed has already been done.
Being preapproved is particularly vital in a hot market. With homes selling fast and many sellers experiencing multiple-offer situations, a letter of preapproval is essential. After all, if you were selling your home and weighing two offers, which would you choose, the offer from a wildcard buyer with many uncertainties or the offer from an informed consumer who is preapproved for the asking price?
A mistake that many home owners make when looking for a new place is that they fail to ask some critical questions, such as whether or not they will sell their home, rent it out or make an offer on a new home contingent on the sale of their existing property. The answers to these questions can have a drastic impact on a person’s buying power.
Going into a home search with an accurate idea on pricing will save a tremendous amount of time. To obtain a note of preapproval, please contact me. I enjoy helping people achieve their goals in the most efficient way possible.
Patrick Stoy has 16 years of mortgage lending experience. Patrick is CEO of Wilmington-based Market Consulting Mortgage, which he started in 2005 with a mission to build lifelong customer relationships by providing real value. To learn more about Marketing Consulting Mortgage, visit www.macmtg.com. Patrick can be reached at [email protected] or (910) 509-7105.
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0.947229 |
Based on the Gabor wavelet transformation, whose kernels are similar to the 2D receptive field profiles of the mammalian cortical simple cells, a series of new image descriptors is developed. Specifically, first, a new color Gabor-HOG (GHOG) descriptor is introduced by concatenating the Histograms of Oriented Gradients (HOG) of the component images produced by applying Gabor filters in multiple scales and orientations to encode shape information. Second, the GHOG descriptor is analyzed in six different color spaces and grayscale to propose different color GHOG descriptors, which are further combined to present a new Fused Color GHOG (FC-GHOG) descriptor. Third, a novel GaborPHOG (GPHOG) descriptor is proposed which improves upon the Pyramid Histograms of Oriented Gradients (PHOG) descriptor, and subsequently a new FC-GPHOG descriptor is constructed by combining the multiple color GPHOG descriptors and employing the Principal Component Analysis (PCA). Next, the Gabor-LBP (GLBP) is derived by accumulating the Local Binary Patterns (LBP) histograms of the local Gabor filtered images to encode texture and local information of an image. Furthermore, a novel Gabor-LBPPHOG (GLP) image descriptor is proposed which integrates the GLBP and the GPHOG descriptors as a feature set and an innovative Fused Color Gabor-LBP-PHOG (FC-GLP) is constructed by fusing the GLP from multiple color spaces. Subsequently, The GLBP and the GHOG descriptors are then combined to produce the Gabor-LBP-HOG (GLH) feature vector which performs well on different object and scene image categories. The six color GLH vectors are further concatenated to form the Fused Color GLH (FC-GLH) descriptor. Finally, the Wigner based Local Binary Patterns (WLBP) descriptor is proposed that combines multi-neighborhood LBP, Pseudo-Wigner distribution of images and the popular bag of words model to effectively classify scene images.
To assess the feasibility of the proposed new image descriptors, two classification methods are used: one method applies the PCA and the Enhanced Fisher Model (EFM) for feature extraction and the nearest neighbor rule for classification, while the other method employs the Support Vector Machine (SVM). The classification performance of the proposed descriptors is tested on several publicly available popular image datasets. The experimental results show that the proposed new image descriptors achieve image search and classification results better than or at par with other popular image descriptors, such as the Scale Invariant Feature Transform (SIFT), the Pyramid Histograms of visual Words (PHOW), the Pyramid Histograms of Oriented Gradients (PHOG), the Spatial Envelope (SE), the Color SIFT four Concentric Circles (C4CC), the Object Bank (OB), the Context Aware Topic Model (CA-TM), the Hierarchical Matching Pursuit (HMP), the Kernel Spatial Pyramid Matching (KSPM), the SIFT Sparse-coded Spatial Pyramid Matching (Sc-SPM), the Kernel Codebook (KC) and the LBP.
Sinha, Atreyee, "Investigation of new feature descriptors for image search and classification" (2014). Dissertations. 167.
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0.999598 |
Context. The actual problem of development of mathematical models of processes of wastewater treatment, subject to automatic control was resolved.
Objective to develop a mathematical model of the process of wastewater treatment from biological substances immobilized microorganisms in multistage anaerobic-aerobic method of purification which takes into account the oxidation of organic matter, reproduction and death of bacteria as a set of interaction of various factors, depending on the concentration of dissolved oxygen and pollutants organic matter.
Method. We used the methods of mathematical physics and hydrodynamics to build mathematical models of processes of cleaning fluids, common approaches to building model problems in which some components dominate over others. The mathematical model of biological wastewater treatment was built. It takes into account the changes in the concentrations of pollution, sludge and oxygen in reproduction and the withering away of the bacteria in biological reactors of various types.
Results. The solution of corresponding model problem was found by using functions pdepe environment MatLab. The results of calculations of concentration distribution of contamination, sludge and oxygen cleaning fluid over time were shown. It takes into account the ability of bacteria to multiply and dying.
Conclusions. The experiments confirmed the adequacy of the constructed model. Based on the results, the automated control system was developed. It controls permissible concentration of pollution in wastewater, which provides energy-saving principles of installation.
Mathematical model; biological treatment; the opposite effect; control of oxygen; automated control.
Sablii L. A. Bahatostupeneva anaerobno-aerobne ochyshchennia vysokontsentrovanykh stichnykh vod, Visnyk Natsionalnoho universytetu vodnoho hospodarstva ta pryrodokorystuvannia, 2009, Vyp. 4, pp. 185–192.
Safonyk A. P., Tarhonii I. M. Kompiuterne modeliuvannia protsesu aerobnoho ochyshchennia stichnykh vod, Problemyi mashinostroeniya, 2016, Vol. 19, No. 2, pp. 31–36.
Kozachek A. V., Avdashin I. M., Luzgachev V. A. Isledovanie matematicheskoy modeli protsessa aerobnoy ochistki stochnyih vod kak stadiya otsenki kachestva okruzhayuschey vodnoy sredyi, Vestn. Tambovskogo gosudarstvennogo tehnicheskogo universiteta, 2014, Tom 19, Vyp. 5, pp. 1683–1685.
Ponkratova S. A., Emelyanov V. M., Sirotkin A. S., Shulaev M. V. Matematicheskoe modelirovanie i upravlenie kachestvom ochistki stochnyih vod, Vestn. Kazanskogo tehnologicheskogo universiteta, 2010, No. 5–6, pp. 76–85.
Bomba A. Ya., Havryliuk V. I., Safonyk A. P., Fursachyk O. A. Neliniini zadachi typu filtratsiia-konvektsiia-dyfuziia-masoobmin za umov nepovnykh danykh. Rivne, Natsionalnyi universytet vodnoho hospodarstva ta pryrodokorystuvannia, 2011, 276 p.
Bomba A., Safonyk A. Mathematical modeling of aerobic wastewater treatment in porous medium, Zeszyty Naukowe WSInf, 2013, Vol. 12, Nr 1, pp. 21–29.
Adetola V., Lehrer D., Guay M. Adaptive estimation in nonlinearly parameterized nonlinear dynamical systems, American Control Conf. on O’Farrell Street. San Francisco, USA, 2011, pp. 31–36.
Andrii Safonyk Mathematical design of process of water treatment by filter-clarifier with layer of hanging up sediment, Communications in Applied Analysis, 2016, 20, pp. 467–478.
Brun R., Kiihni M., Gujer W. et al. Practical idcntifiability of ASM2d parameters-systematic selection and tuning of parameter subsets, Water Research, 2002, No. 36, pp. 4113-4127.
Brune D. Optimal control of the complete-mix activated sludge process, Environmental Technology, 1985, No. 6:11, pp. 467– 476.
Dochain D., Vanrolleghem Р. Dynamical modelling and estimation in wastewater treatment processes. London, IWA Publishing, 2001, 342 p.
Safonyk A. P. Modelling the filtration processes of liquids from multicomponent contamination in the conditions of authentication of mass transfer coefficient, International Journal of Mathematical Models and Methods in Applied Sciences, 2015, Vol. 9, pp. 189–192.
Ilenze M., Gujer W., Mino T. et al. Task group on mathematical modelling for design and operation of biological wastewater treatment, Activated sludge models ASM1, ASM2, ASM2d and ASM3. Scientific and Technical Report 9, IWA, London, IWA Publishing, 2000, 122 p.
Knightes G. D., Peters G. A. Statistical analysis of nonlinear parameter estimation for monod biodegradation kinetics using bivariate data, Biotechnol. Biocng. 69, 2000, No. 2, pp. 160– 170.
Ghai Q. Modeling, estimation and control of biological wastewater treatment plants, Doctoral Theses at NTNU 2008:108 at IliT, Porsgrunn. Telemark University College, 2008, 187 p.
1. Саблій Л. А. Багатоступенева анаеробно-аеробне очищення висококо-нцентрованих стічних вод / Л. А. Саблій // Вісник Національного університету водного господарства та природокористування . – 2009. – Вип. 4. – C.185–192.
2. Сафоник А. П. Комп’ютерне моделювання процесу аеробного очищення стічних вод / А. П. Сафоник, І. М. Таргоній // Проблемы машиностроения. – 2016. – Т. 19, № 2. – C. 31–36.
3. Козачек А. В. Иследование математической модели процесса аэробной очистки сточных вод как стадия оценки качества окружающей водной среды / А. В. Козачек, И. М. Авдашин, В. А. Лузгачев // Вестн. Тамбовского государственного технического университета. – 2014. – Т.19, Вып. 5. – С. 1683– 1685.
4. Математическое моделирование и управление качеством очистки сточных вод / [С. А. Понкратова, В. М. Емельянов, А. С. Сироткин, М. В. Шулаев] // Вестн. Казанского технологического университета. – 2010. – № 5–6. – С. 76–85.
5. Нелінійні задачі типу фільтрація-конвекція-дифузія-масообмін за умов неповних даних / [А. Я. Бомба, В. І. Гаврилюк, А. П. Сафоник, О. А. Фурсачик]. –Рівне : Національний університет водного господарства та природокористування, 2011. – 276 с.
6. Bomba A. Mathematical modeling of aerobic wastewater treatment in porous medium / Andrij Bomba, Andrij Safonyk // Zeszyty Naukowe WSInf. – 2013. – Vol. 12, Nr 1. – Р. 21–29.
7. Adetola V. Adaptive estimation in nonlinearly parameterized nonlinear dynamical systems / V. Adetola, D. Lehrer, M. Guay // American Control Conf. on O’Farrell Street. – San Francisco, USA. – 2011. – P. 31–36.
8. Andrii Safonyk Mathematical design of process of water treatment by filter-clarifier with layer of hanging up sediment / Communications in Applied Analysis. – 2016. – 20. – P. 467– 478.
9. Practical idcntifiability of ASM2d parameters-systematic selection and tuning of parameter subsets / [R. Brun, M. Kiihni, W. Gujer et al.] // Water Research. – 2002. – № 36. – P. 4113–4127.
10. Brune D. Optimal control of the complete-mix activated sludge process / D. Brune // Environmental Technology. – 1985. – № 6:11. – P. 467–476.
11. Dochain D. Dynamical modelling and estimation in wastewater treatment processes / D. Dochain, Р. Vanrolleghem . – London : IWA Publishing, 2001. – 342 p.
12. Safonyk A. P. Modelling the filtration processes of liquids from multicomponent contamination in the conditions of authentication of mass transfer coefficient / A. P. Safonyk // International Journal of Mathematical Models and Methods in Applied Sciences. – 2015. – Vol. 9. –P. 189–192.
13. Task group on mathematical modelling for design and operation of biological wastewater treatment. / M. Ilenze, W. Gujer, T. Mino et al. // Activated sludge models ASM1, ASM2, ASM2d and ASM3. Scientific and Technical Report 9, IWA, London : IWA Publishing, 2000. – 122 p.
14. Knightes G. D. Statistical analysis of nonlinear parameter estimation for monod biodegradation kinetics using bivariate data / G. D. Knightes, G. A. Peters // Biotechnol. Biocng. 69. – 2000. – № 2. – P. 160–170.
15. Ghai Q. Modeling, estimation and control of biological wastewater treatment plants / Q. Ghai // Doctoral Theses at NTNU 2008:108 at IliT, Porsgrunn. Telemark University College, – 2008. – 187 p.
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Who are social media influencers? A social media influencer is someone who has built up an online audience and can interact and engage with that audience. Social media marketing is constantly evolving, and finding influencers to further promote your brand is the next important piece of an effective social media strategy. By reaching out to these influencers and building relationships, a business can extend its brand reach much further than if it were to do it on its own.
The first thing to do in regard to influencers is to decide whom you want to reach out to. What is your goal behind reaching influencers? Do you want to reach someone who is big in your industry, someone who is connected with the consumers, or a blogger that everyone loves? It is key to reach out to the right influencers in the correct industry and to focus on the topics that will help your business grow. They need to be a good fit.
It is very important to be able to find the influencers that will help you. More and more companies are reaching out to influencers, so it may take a little research to find an influencer that fits your needs. It’s not as easy as it once was. Fortunately, there are many tools available to help you.
A good resource to start with is Google keywords. It is important to find the right terms that people are searching for related to your industry. By searching for the right terms, you can find the right influencers.
A second tool is Klout. Klout is a website that measures the influence of a user on social media based on following and interaction. You can find people who will help promote your brand with the right influence.
Finally, search social media. While armed with the right keywords, you can find people who are talking about what matters to your company.
Once you’ve found an influencer, you have to reach out to them and engage with them. Contact them through social media, email, or any other channels you find effective. After you contact them, you have to build trust by giving them a reason to work with you. What do they get out of it? Often, a company will find brand ambassadors through influencers. This can provide compensation through free products, guest blog posts, etc.
Ideally, the relationship with a social media influencer is long lasting. The goal is to find an influencer who is a good fit, one that will keep promoting your products or brand for a long time. Keep them happy and they will keep promoting your business.
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Let us guide you via our expertise through a luxurious, unique and confidential Paris at the heart of Paris unique Couture.
Let our Stylist take you to an unforgettable journey made exclusively for you, according to your desires. We promise you the French savoir-faire, the luxury and the Parisian sophistication through an exclusive tour (Triangle d’or, Place Vendôme/Saint honoré and the Marais) and our numerous and prestigious locations.
This Paris Fashion Tour is completely customized in order to match your every need and desire, we will suggest you different options. All which for you to discover the French savoir-faire, its codes and customs through private visits of fashion exhibitions and museums, but also the excellency of our creations and the art-related professions in Haute Couture ateliers.
Our Paris Fashion Tour will also help you discover luxurious fashion shops and private showrooms in confidential locations. You will meet designers whose know-how are praised by the EPV “Entreprise du Patrimoine Vivant” (or The Living Patrimony Endeavour) for a different and unique shopping experience.
In other words, our Tour is an exceptional and entirely customized journey for you to live alone or accompanied.
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Overhead cost centers are not the same as overhead from a financial accounting perspective, which is operating costs or expenses, such as rent, electricity, or taxes. In cost allocations, the concept of overhead refers to manufacturing overhead—the indirect, factory-related production costs that come from making an item. The material and labor costs that are not easily traceable to the product still need to be included in the overhead costs. These include electricity and air conditioning, equipment maintenance and repair, and depreciation (decreases in the value of machinery and equipment as they age). General administrative and selling expenses are not included in manufacturing overhead. The overhead allocation will become part of the value of work in process inventory, and general administrative and selling expenses cannot be included as inventory.
While it isn't easy to trace overhead costs to a product, it is necessary to include them in the product's cost. To allocate the manufacturing overhead to the product, the company needs to calculate a way to assign overhead to products. The most common method is to use a predetermined overhead rate—an estimated amount paid that a business calculates by dividing the estimated manufacturing overhead costs for the accounting period by the allocation base.
The first step in developing a predetermined overhead rate is to select an allocation base, which is a standard unit that provides the system for the way overhead costs of a product or service are divided. In other words, the organization needs to calculate how to divide up the overhead costs of each product or service. There are no requirements relating to what can be an allocation base, but it should relate to all products manufactured. The most common choice for an allocation base relates to direct labor or machine hours. This is because the allocation base needs to be something that will be part of the cost of every product or service.
At the beginning of the accounting period, the organization sets the predetermined overhead rate. To do this, the company must estimate the total manufacturing overhead for the period. The allocation base also needs to be calculated. If the organization is using direct labor hours as the allocation base, then its accountants or other leaders will need to project the number of direct labor hours needed. Then the accountant divides the estimated manufacturing overhead cost by the allocation base amount to get the predetermined overhead rate.
Employees will use the allocation base to apply overhead to the job. For example, if the manufacturing overhead costs are estimated at $1,500,000 and the allocation base is direct hours estimated to be 750,000, then the calculation would be 1,500,000 divided by 750,000, which is 2. Therefore, the predetermined overhead for the period would be $2. If a product takes 5 direct hours to complete, then the calculation for overhead costs would be $2 times 5 hours, which equals $10. So the overhead costs applied to this product would be $10. Allocating overhead manufacturing costs is worth the effort because doing so allows a company to capture all the costs necessary to produce an item. Without the application of overhead, the company would have no way to include the cost of the manufacturing supervisor in the cost of the product.
Businesses determine the completed cost of an item by combining direct and overhead costs.
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Poland (mostly) honors Czeslaw Milosz upon his death.
The same nationalist hysteria, right-wing Catholicism, and jealousy that Nobel Prize-winning poet Czeslaw Milosz condemned in his prophetic work raised its uninvited head at the time of his death at 93. It took a telegram from the pope and assurances from the poet's confessor to dissuade a group of protesters from turning his funeral into a farce.
The scandal erupted shortly after the death of the cosmopolitan writer considered by many the voice of Polish conscience during the 20th century. Milosz was forced to leave his homeland of Lithuania after the Soviet Union took it from Poland following World War II. In 1951, he had to leave this motherland, too, choosing to defect during his employment at the then-communist Poland's embassy in Paris. In 1961, he moved to the United States, where he taught Slavic literature at the University of California at Berkeley. He was so generous and intent on promoting Polish poetry abroad that for a time he was known mostly as a translator of other Polish poets, most notably Zbigniew Herbert. The Nobel Prize in Literature he received in 1980 established him as a world-class poet, essayist, and historian of literature. In the 1990s, he began to divide his time between his home in Berkeley and the cultural capital of Poland, Krakow, where he settled for good near the end of his long life.
An unusual perceptiveness, grounded in his expectant Christianity, as well as this multicultural background enabled Milosz to see and address both the virtues and the flaws of Poland. The latter got him in trouble. He spoke out against communism but also against clericalism—a blind devotion to the church establishment that for some Polish Catholics overshadows the worship of God—and against the conflation of faith with Polish nationalism.
Following Milosz's death on August 14, a handful of protesters used tangential nationalist media to cite his poems out of context and make a case that he was an anti-Polish and anti-Catholic traitor. In letters to the media, they also pointed out the last straw: Milosz supported "the march of sodomites." That was a reference to a public letter to the City of Krakow that Milosz and other Polish Nobel Prize recipients wrote to support the right of gays and lesbians to freedom of speech and public assembly. The protesters argued, consequently, that Milosz was not worthy of being laid to rest in the Crypt of Honour in Krakow, where Poland's greatest artists rest. In fact, some of the discontented nationalist Catholics threatened to lie down—their bodies in shape of the cross—in the street in front of the funeral procession headed to the burial site.
Despite their bluster, the funeral took place as scheduled on Friday, August 27, without a hitch—an outcome that the mainstream Polish media attributed to a telegram which Pope John Paul II sent to his compatriots two days before the event.
In the wire, the pope—who has long been a fan of Milosz's writings—quotes a request that the writer had sent him in his last letter: "Age changes perspective," it began. "When I was young, a poet's turning to the pope for a blessing seemed inappropriate. This is precisely the object of my concern, because over the course of recent years I wrote poems with the intent of not abandoning the Catholic orthodoxy, and I don't know how they turned out as a result. I am asking you then for words confirming my attempt to reach the goal that we both share. May Christ's promise on the day of the Resurrection be fulfilled."
The pope's response was read at Milosz's funeral: "Over his casket, I want to quote my answer. 'You write that the object of your concern was making sure that you do not abandon the Catholic orthodoxy in your creative work. I am certain that such an attitude of a poet decides what happens. In this sense, I am happy that I can confirm your words.' " The Pope then added to his listeners, "I repeat these words today as a memento, along with a prayer and a Mass celebrated for his soul."
In another unusual attempt to quell any protests during Milosz's funeral, the poet's own confessor issued a public statement. (This could only happen in a country of impassioned Catholics!) We learned that Milosz "left this world provided with the last rites, reconciled with God and the Church." The Krakow priest added that he had been Milosz's confessor for a year, during which the bard participated in the sacrament of the Holy Eucharist regularly. "When his health no longer allowed going to church, he received communion at home," he wrote.
Among the ten thousand Poles who bid farewell to Milosz in person were other Noblists, members of the intelligensia, notable politicians, religious figures, and artists. They included the electrician-turned-union-leader-turned-president Lech Walesa; the first non-communist premier of Poland, Tadeusz Mazowiecki; and Noble Prize winners and fellow poets Wislawa Szymborska and, from Ireland, Seamus Heaney; poet and friend Adam Zagajewski; film director Andrzej Wajda; ex-dissident and now editor-in-chief of Gazeta Wyborcza daily Adam Michnik; and Milosz's translators into various languages.
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Why do I need a medical cannabis assessment if cannabis is legal?
While recreational cannabis is legal in Canada, the cost can add up for regular consumption. If you receive a referral to a cannabis clinic and you get a prescription for medical cannabis, the cost can be covered by private insurance.
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Experiments in the 1960s showed that messenger RNA has the ability to store genetic information, while transfer and ribosomal RNA have the ability to translate genetic information into proteins. Experiments performed two decades later showed that some RNAs can even act as an enzyme to self-edit their own genetic code! These results raised two questions: 1) Why does RNA play so many roles in the flow of genetic information? 2) Why bother storing genetic information in DNA, if RNA alone could do the job?
RNA has great capability as a genetic molecule; it once had to carry on hereditary processes on its own. It now seems certain that RNA was the first molecule of heredity, so it evolved all the essential methods for storing and expressing genetic information before DNA came onto the scene. However, single-stranded RNA is rather unstable and is easily damaged by enzymes. By essentially doubling the existing RNA molecule, and using deoxyribose sugar instead of ribose, DNA evolved as a much more stable form to pass genetic information with accuracy.
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What is the Atlantis Resort Bahamas? Atlantis Paradise Island Resort is a resort hotel which caters to everyone: singles, couples, and families.
Located on Paradise Island, Bahamas, near Nassau, the theme of this flawless property is that it is the legendary island from Plato's dialogues Timaeus and Critias: Atlantis.
The Atlantis Resort Bahamas is one of the most beautiful resorts we have ever seen. The resort combines the best of the Caribbean beaches, a beautiful hotel, a huge aquarium, and an outstanding amusement park.
In fact, the aquarium at the Atlantis Resort Hotel and Casino is the world's largest open air aquarium. At over 34 acres, it has 200 species of exotic and beautiful sea creatures spread over more than 10 lagoons, pools and aquariums.
There are a wide variety of colorful tropical fish, sharks, graceful rays (mantarays and stingrays), jellyfish, turtles, spiny lobsters, moray eels, and much, much more!
White Powder, Caribbean Islands Style!
If you are like me, you hate the cold. As Jimmy Buffett once observed, "[I] got a Caribbean soul I can barely control..." So if I see any white powdery snow, it is going to be the Caribbean islands version.
The beaches surrounding the Atlantis Paradise Island Resort are some of the best beaches around. White, sugary sands provide a stunning contrast with the crystal blue-green waters.
The hotel's main beach, Atlantis beach, literally goes on for miles. As a hotel guest, you are provided with a complimentary lounge chair to enjoy the sun and the sand. Many of the lounge chairs have a personal canopy that provides shade for the chair, but these go fast, so you have to get there early to get one of these "shaded" chairs.
Guests to this Paradise Island, Bahamas resort can enjoy that of various water activities, including white sand beaches, multiple swimming pools, a lazy river, large kiddie pool with waterfall and water slides, and much, much more.
The Atlantis Paradise Island Resort in the Bahamas has giant water slides that take off from a six-story Mayan Temple. Called the "Leap of Faith", this 60 foot vertical drop ends in a clear tunnel surround by a shark filled lagoon!
The ripples kiddie pool is a large area with slides, waterfalls, and other fun features, as well as ample room for lounge chairs for the parents.
For families traveling with babies, you get a special kit with a night light, lullabies and more.
There are a few things that you should consider when planning on staying at the Atlantis Paradise Island Resort. The grounds are immense, so, particularly if this is your first visit to the resort, we recommend using a map to help you navigate the resort's facilities and outstanding attractions.
Also there are Harborside Villas that can accommodate larger families. There are frequent shuttles to take guests to the Atlantis proper. You can walk from the villas to the Atlantis campus, but this walk can take up to ten minutes.
Also, as extravagant as the facilities are, this is not an all inclusive resort. This means that food and drinks cost extra. The meals and refreshments can relatively expensive, so you should bring a little extra money in addition to what you would normally bring for souvenirs.
Overall, remember to have fun, and also remember that proper planning of your trip to Atlantis Resort Bahamas will allow you to be fully satisfied in the end, and make sure that your trip is as much fun as it possibly can be.
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This article is about the NBC program. For the later CBS show, see Late Show with David Letterman. For the morning show, see The David Letterman Show.
After his morning show on NBC was canceled in October 1980 after only 18 weeks on the air, David Letterman was still held in sufficient regard by the network brass (especially NBC president Fred Silverman) that upon hearing the 33-year-old comedian was being courted by a syndication company, NBC gave him a $20,000 per week deal to sit out a year and guest-host a few times on Johnny Carson's Tonight Show.
In 1981, NBC and Carson, after significant acrimony, reached an agreement on a new contract, which (among other concessions to Carson) granted the venerable host the rights to the time slot immediately following The Tonight Show. All throughout 1981, in addition to guest-hosting the Tonight Show as outlined in the terms of his NBC contract, Letterman also frequently appeared as guest on the highly-rated program as the network groomed the 34-year-old for a new project. Finally, on November 9, 1981, NBC and Carson's production company Carson Productions as well as Letterman's newly-established production company Space Age Meats Productions announced the creation of Late Night with David Letterman, set to premiere in early 1982 in the 12:30 a.m. time slot Monday through Thursday, with occasional specials every few Fridays, all aimed at young men. The network wanted to capitalize on catering to young males, feeling that there was very little late-night programming for that demographic. The newly announced show thus displaced the Tomorrow Coast to Coast program hosted by Tom Snyder from the 12:30 slot. NBC initially offered Snyder to move his show back an hour, but Snyder, already unhappy with being forced to adopt changes to Tomorrow that he detested, refused and ended the show instead. The final first-run Tomorrow episode aired on December 17, 1981.
The staff responsible for preparing the launch of Late Night included Merrill Markoe in the head writing role, seasoned TV veteran Hal Gurnee as director, Letterman's manager Jack Rollins as executive producer, and a group of young writers — most of them in their early twenties, including the somewhat more experienced 29-year-old Jim Downey who had previously written for Saturday Night Live and 27-year-old Steve O'Donnell. Markoe stepped down as head writer after a few months, and was succeeded by Downey who was in turn succeeded by O'Donnell in 1983. O'Donnell would serve as the head writer through most of the rest of the show's run while Downey went back to Saturday Night Live in 1984. Also on board, initially as a production assistant in charge of the "Stupid Pet Tricks" segment, was 21-year-old Chris Elliott. Elliott would quickly be promoted to writer and a recurring featured player.
The plan from the start was to resurrect the spirit of Letterman's morning show for a late-night audience, one more likely to plug into his offbeat humor. The show also got a house band, hiring NBC staff musician Paul Shaffer to lead the group; after several years on the show without a formal name, the band was eventually given the moniker The World's Most Dangerous Band in 1988.
Realizing that NBC executives exhibited very little desire to micromanage various aspects of the show, the staff felt confident they would be allowed to push outside of the mainstream talk-show boundaries and thus set about putting together a quirky, absurdist, and odd program. Snyder's Tomorrow re-runs continued until Thursday, January 28, 1982 and four days later on Monday, February 1, 1982, Late Night premiered with a cold opening featuring Larry "Bud" Melman delivering lines as an homage to the prologue of Boris Karloff's Frankenstein, followed by Letterman coming out on stage to Tchaikovsky's "Piano Concerto No. 1" behind a group of female dancers — the peacock girls who had also opened the finale of The David Letterman Show. After a brief monologue, the very first comedy segment was a sarcastic tour of the studio. The first guest, 31-year-old comedian and actor Bill Murray, came out in confrontational fashion, throwing jibes and accusations at the host as part of a knowing put-on. He remained for two more similarly sardonic segments in which he first presented footage of a Chinese zoo baby panda as a supposed home video of his recently adopted pet, before expressing newfound love for aerobics and pulling a crew member onstage, making her do jumping jacks along with him to Olivia Newton-John's "Physical". The second comedy piece was a remote titled "The Shame of the City"; taking a general format of a local news action segment, it featured Letterman touring several New York locations pointing out various civic problems with righteous indignation. The second guest was Don Herbert, TV's "Mr. Wizard", and the show ended with a young comic named Steve Fessler reciting aloud the script of the obscure Bela Lugosi film Bowery at Midnight.
The reviews were mixed — Los Angeles Times wrote: "Much of Letterman's first week did not jell" — but more importantly, the show drew 1.5 million viewers, 30% more than had tuned in for Snyder's Tomorrow.
On the third night, after baseball great Hank Aaron finished his interview segment with Letterman, a camera followed him backstage, where TV sportscaster Al Albert conducted a post-interview chat with Aaron about how it had gone. Eccentric and awkward, the show immediately established a sensibility that was clearly different from The Tonight Show.
The show was produced by Johnny Carson's production company, as a result of a clause in Carson's contract with NBC that gave him control of what immediately followed The Tonight Show Starring Johnny Carson. Carson, for his part, wanted Late Night to have as little overlap with his show as possible. In fact, most ground rules and restrictions on what Letterman could do came not from the network but from the production company itself. Letterman could not have a sidekick like Ed McMahon, and Paul Shaffer's band could not include a horn section like Doc Severinsen's. Letterman was told he could not book old-school showbiz guests such as James Stewart, George Burns, or Buddy Hackett, who were fixtures on Johnny's show (the fact that Tonight had long moved to Hollywood and Late Night was taped in New York helped minimize guest overlap). Letterman was also specifically instructed not to replicate any of the signature pieces of The Tonight Show Starring Johnny Carson like "Stump the Band" or "Carnac the Magnificent". Carson also wanted Letterman to minimize the number of topical jokes in his opening monologue.
Late Night originated from NBC Studio 6A at the RCA (later GE) Building at 30 Rockefeller Plaza in New York City. The program ran four nights a week, Monday to Thursday, from the show's premiere on February 1, 1982 until June 4, 1987. Friday shows were added on June 12, 1987, although the show still only produced 4 new episodes a week—Monday's shows were re-runs. (NBC previously aired Friday Night Videos in the 12:30 a.m. slot on Saturday morning, with occasional Late Night specials and reruns.) Starting on September 2, 1991, The Tonight Show Starring Johnny Carson was pushed back from 11:30 p.m. to 11:35 p.m., with Letterman starting at 12:35 a.m., at the request of NBC affiliates who wanted more advertising time for their profitable late newscasts.
On September 30, 1991, A&E, a U.S. cable channel at the time partly owned by General Electric — the same corporate entity that owned NBC, began airing Late Night repeats in an effort of monetizing the show's vast accumulation of old episodes. The repeats aired less than a year, until July 24, 1992. The syndication deal was done without Letterman's blessing, and he frequently made his displeasure known on-air, feeling that having reruns air five nights a week, earlier in the evening on cable, diluted the value of the nightly first-run shows on NBC — fearing people would not be willing to stay up late for the first-run if they could watch the show at a more reasonable time. Because of Letterman's opposition, the syndication run was ended early and not attempted again until he had left NBC.
In mid-1993, E! Entertainment Television purchased syndication rights to Late Night. The network aired complete shows from various years five days per week from 1993 until 1996. Then Trio (owned by NBC) picked up reruns and showed them from 2002 until the channel went off the air in 2005.
A number of programs were sold by GoodTimes Entertainment in 1992–93. These episodes were stripped of the series theme, open and close. No DVD release is currently scheduled (GoodTimes went bankrupt in 2005; the company's assets are now owned by Gaiam, which does not typically distribute general-interest programming).
Letterman, who had hoped to get the hosting job of The Tonight Show following Johnny Carson's retirement, moved to CBS in 1993 when the job was given to Jay Leno. This was done against the wishes of Carson, who had always seen Letterman as his rightful successor, according to CBS senior vice president Peter Lassally, a onetime producer for both men. On April 25, 1993, Lorne Michaels chose Conan O'Brien, who was a writer for The Simpsons at the time and a former writer for Michaels at Saturday Night Live, to fill Letterman's old seat directly after The Tonight Show. O'Brien began hosting a new show in Letterman's old timeslot, taking over the Late Night name.
When Letterman left, NBC asserted their intellectual property rights to several of the most popular Late Night segments. Letterman easily adapted to these restrictions for his CBS show: The "Viewer Mail" segment was continued under the name "CBS Mailbag," and Late Night fixture Larry "Bud" Melman continued his antics under his real name, Calvert DeForest. Similarly, the in-house band (now free to add horns) was unable to use the name "The World's Most Dangerous Band," so the name was changed to "Paul Shaffer and the CBS Orchestra". The name "CBS Orchestra", approved by CBS (who retained rights to the name after Letterman retired in 2015), was Shaffer's idea. Notably, however, "Stupid Pet Tricks" originated on Letterman's 1980 early morning show The David Letterman Show, to which Letterman, not NBC, owned the rights. This meant "Stupid Pet Tricks" was able to cross over to the CBS show with its name and concept unchanged. With Carson retired, Letterman was also granted free use of some of Carson's sketches, and in due time, "Stump the Band" and "Carnac the Magnificent" (with Shaffer as Carnac) entered the Late Show rotation.
Both "Late Show" and "CBS Orchestra" are names from broadcasting's past. Beginning in 1951, The Late Show was the title under which some CBS affiliates, including network-owned stations in New York, Chicago and Los Angeles, ran movies late at night. These films began after the late local news, generally at 10:30 p.m. or 11:30 p.m. local time. The Late Show would usually be followed by another film on The Late Late Show and, on a night when there was time to add a third feature to the schedule, The Late Late Show II. Movies were regularly shown under the Late Show umbrella title well into the 1980s, after which they were increasingly displaced by overnight news broadcasts and infomercials. Still, The Late Show continued to appear sporadically for more than another decade; the last Late Show film was shown in 1999.
Another series called The Late Show was an unrelated attempt by Fox to establish its own late-night talk show. It was Fox's inaugural series, premiering in October 1986 and running on-and-off for four years.
The CBS Orchestra was the name of the orchestra that occasionally played on the CBS Radio Network. The name was also seen[according to whom?] as an homage to Carson's band, the NBC Orchestra.
Like most other late-night talk shows, the show featured at least two or three guests each night, usually including a comedian or musical guest.
Letterman frequently used crew members in his comedy bits, so viewers got to know the writers and crew members of the show. Common contributors included bandleader Paul Shaffer, Chris Elliott, Calvert DeForest as "Larry 'Bud' Melman," announcer Bill Wendell, writer Adam Resnick, scenic designer Kathleen Ankers, stage manager Biff Henderson, producer Robert Morton, director Hal Gurnee, associate director Peter Fatovic, stage hand Al Maher, camera operator Baily Stortz, production manager Elmer Gorry as NBC President Grant Tinker, and the "production twins," Barbara Gaines and Jude Brennan. The cramped quarters of 30 Rockefeller Plaza also often played into the humor of the show.
Letterman's show established a reputation for being unpredictable. A number of celebrities had even stated that they were afraid of appearing on the show. This reputation was born out of moments like Letterman's verbal sparring matches with Cher, Shirley MacLaine and Harvey Pekar.
One early episode showed everything from Dave's eye view with Markoe and others coming at Dave to pitch ideas as he walked onto the stage, and the audience was shown from Dave's view during the monologue and the opening segments.
In another show, the picture turned like a clock, eventually being seen upside down halfway through.
There were segments where Letterman was dressed in a suit of Velcro and stuck (thrown) to a Velcro wall, a suit of chips and dunked into a vat of chip dip, a suit of Rice Krispies and doused with gallons of milk while lying in a huge bowl, a suit of Alka Seltzer tablets and dunked in water, a suit of suet, etc.
Visual segments showing things being crushed by a hydraulic press, thrown through fluorescent lights or dropped off an office building to smash on the ground, were also common.
Letterman's desk featured a control panel where he could operate a bubble machine, "radioactive" steam, a belch of New York soot or strange lighting.
A robotic arm for a while delivered the Top Ten List, and for another week or so, a complicated series of tubes would produce swirling coffee to eventually land in his cup on the desk.
Cameras mounted on a chimpanzee's back (Late Night Monkey Cam) or on the roof (Roof Cam) would show odd viewpoints of the set and its participants.
The Custom Made Shows allowed the audience to vote on each part of the hour, what they wanted to see, and the resulting shows had guests talking in high-pitched voices like they had inhaled helium (Jane Pauley refused to say a word during this, and answered his questions by writing answers on cards and showing them), sitting in dentist chairs or lawn furniture, the theme music replaced by the theme from Gilligan's Island, and an opening montage of the director's vacation photos.
Reruns were often scoffed at by Letterman, telling the audience not to waste their time watching next Monday. Sometimes the entire rerun would be dubbed into a foreign language for rebroadcast, baffling viewers.
Letterman once had a member of the audience host the show and interview guests while he left the studio (ostensibly to search for a missing tooth).
Letterman hosted the show from his home while waiting for his cable TV to be installed; another episode was done from the production offices upstairs, as the cast claimed they were "too tired" to go downstairs to the studio.
Crispin Glover and Oliver Reed frightened Dave with their nearly violent, confrontational behaviour in their appearances.
Stupid Pet Tricks: The very first segment was presented on the morning show, “The David Letterman Show,” on June 26, 1980.
Stupid Human Tricks: A sister segment to the above-mentioned Stupid Pet Ricks, the first segment premiered on "Late Night" on October 3, 1983.
Viewer Mail, a segment of humorous replies to letters sent in by viewers. After delivering his reply, Dave would then unceremoniously toss each letter out the "window" behind him with the familiar glass-shattering sound effect (see above). Usually seen weekly, initially on Thursdays, later on Fridays. Henry Mancini was at one point hired to compose a special "viewer mail" theme song ("first we read them, then we answer them"), though after its first few appearances it was quietly dropped.
Flunky the Clown: A lazy, somewhat misanthropic "staff clown" played by writer Jeff Martin.
Dave Fires Old Henry: A recurring bit during Viewer Mail where something goes wrong, and the blame is pinned on longtime NBC staffer "Old Henry" (played by Wolfgang Zilzer AKA Paul Andor). In spite of the fact that Henry is two months away from retiring, Dave unceremoniously fires the old man to much disdain from the studio audience. (Henry often proved so sympathetic to the audience, Letterman would have to reassure them it was just a joke.) When Zilzer/Andor's health began to fail, he was succeeded in the role by writer Gerard Mulligan.
Dave's wearing of various suits: the "Suit of Velcro" (Feb. 28, 1984), "Suit of Rice Krispies", "Suit of Alka-Seltzer", "Suit of Magnets", "Suit of Marshmallows", "Suit of Chips", "Suit of Suet", and "Suit of Sponges".
Small Town News – a compendium of odd newspaper items, similar to Jay Leno's later "Headlines" segment on The Tonight Show.
Dave's Record Collection, real records but presented out of context, like a record of advertising jingles.
In May I Make a Phone Call for You? he would assist audience members who needed to place a call but were afraid to, because it was usually to communicate bad news. Letterman would make the call for the audience member.
Short plays presented by the Peace Through Dramatization Players featuring Marie O'Donnell and Jeff Martin, with less frequent appearances by Steve O'Donnell, Chris Elliott, and other Late Night writers and staffers. The plays would involve a "typical" American family (always attired in bright red sweaters) discussing a current topic of some sort, before Letterman would drop by to enlighten them with new information. By 1986, a regular feature of these sketches would be writer Larry Jacobsen appearing as race car driver Bobby Rahal; Rahal would be announced with much fanfare, but would never have any lines in his appearances. Also featured was "Rex", a stuffed dog who played the family dog in many later sketches.
A series of characters portrayed by Chris Elliott. Each of these characters made numerous appearances over the course of a few months before being retired, usually amidst much mock fanfare. Then Elliott would appear a few weeks later playing the next in his series of "Guy" characters.
The Conspiracy Guy (October 1983 – January 1984): Elliott would pretend to be an audience member and ask Dave a question. Things would quickly devolve into his character shouting and making crazy accusations about Dave before being forcibly removed from the set by two goons (played by Late Night writers Joe Toplyn and Sandy Frank).
The Panicky Guy (April 1984 – June 1984): Elliott would again pretend to be an audience member, who panics and runs from the studio at the slightest threat of danger (similar to doomed characters in disaster movies). Once in the hallway he would be run over and crushed by an advancing floor waxer, with his hands raised in terror. In one variation, he played a German Panicky Guy in Lederhosen, who was run over by a hand dolly full of cheese wheels. Regular players in the Panicky Guy sketches were astronaut Gordon Cooper (always heard over the phone, chatting with Elliott about the sketches); and Paula Niedert (a Late Night staffer and Elliott's wife) as his love, and later his wife.
The Guy Under the Seats (October 1984 – April 1985, plus a "lost" episode aired in December 1985): A short character-comedy bit by Elliott who emerges from a hatchway underneath the seats in the studio audience, and asks Dave for help in finding something. When Dave is unable to help, Elliott goes back under the stairs. Immediately following this brief interruption, Letterman then cajoles Elliott back up to take a bow, and discuss the sketch and the character, often in great and tedious detail. These conversations are usually much longer than the ostensible 'sketch' that had just been performed, and at some point Letterman will make an innocuous comment or innocent joke that causes Elliott to overreact. The sketches generally culminate with Elliott threatening Letterman with some metaphorically articulated future comeuppance, and withdrawing back under the seats with the admonition "But until that day, I'm gonna be right here, making your life ... a living hell."
The Laid Back Guy (May 1985): A one-shot character, whose major characteristic is his long flowing blonde hair and an extremely Californian "laid back" attitude. Performed when the show spent a week in California.
The Fugitive Guy (July–November 1985): Every so often, Letterman would introduce "Roger Campbell" (Elliott, wearing an extremely bad toupée), either as a segment guest or as a new member of the Late Night crew. In each appearance, "Campbell" would have a different job (e.g., gymnast, cue card holder, tambourine player for the band), and would grow increasingly nervous as Letterman amiably asked Campbell innocuous questions about his job and his life. Fairly quickly, Campbell would break down under the "grilling," and would then hear the approach of "the one-legged man" (Late Night writer Matt Wickline) and flee. This sketch was a parody of The Fugitive, and included a title sequence that parodied the original Quinn Martin TV series theme (with billing for Elliott, Wickline and Sandy Frank, usually seen as an unnamed assailant "Campbell" would have to fight while escaping.) The Fugitive Guy sketches concluded with a final episode where Campbell confronted the one-legged man in an abandoned amusement park.
Gerry & Baby (October 1985 – August 1986): Dave would introduce writer Gerard Mulligan, who had brought his (initially unseen) newborn baby Kevin to the studio for a visit. When revealed, "Kevin" would turn out to be Chris Elliott, dressed as and behaving as a baby. Seen occasionally even as "The Fugitive Guy" and "The Regulator Guy" were making their appearances.
The Regulator Guy (February–April 1986): A series of cheesily expensive-looking promos for a Terminator-like action character aired on "Late Night" over a period of several months, with Elliott playing the super-cool half-human, half-mechanical "Regulator Guy," even speaking with a bad Schwarzenegger-esque accent. Repeatedly promoted during "Late Night" as "Coming soon to NBC!", with Letterman even interviewing Elliott about the upcoming show, the "Regulator Guy" appeared only once in a sketch on Late Night. This appearance was a (deliberately) cheap and poorly-done affair, with the result that the Regulator Guy was cancelled part-way through his debut episode.
The New Regulator Guy (May 1986): Shortly after "The Regulator Guy" was retired, Elliott came back with a re-tooled version called "The New Regulator Guy." This character similarly did not last long, and ended with Letterman interviewing the New Regulator Guy's newly created sidekick character, Ajax, while completely ignoring Elliott (much to his faux-chagrin).
Skylark (May 1987): A flashy Las Vegas entertainer billed as a professional Chris Elliott impersonator.
"Marlon Brando" (July 1987 to January 1988): Letterman would announce special guest Marlon Brando, and a padded Elliott (usually carrying his belongings in grocery bags, and often wearing battered clothing or a Hawaiian muumuu and lei) would appear, doing an exaggerated mumbling Brando impression while being interviewed by Letterman. Later appearances would culminate in Brando's shambling, ritual "Banana Dance" (performed to Bent Fabric's "Alley Cat").
Chris Elliott, Jr. (January–September 1988): A take-off of Morton Downey, Jr., with Elliott as an aggressive, audience-baiting talk show host.
Elliot also appeared in other sketches over the years. In a recurring bit at irregular intervals, Letterman would announce an appearance by a Late Night regular such as Jack Hannah, Marv Albert, Jay Leno or Paul Shaffer – but Elliott would come out in costume as the guest. Elliott would then perform an interview segment in character with Letterman, ineptly parodying the guest's catch phrases and behavior.
The destruction (with comic effect) of certain items, including "Crushing Things with a Steamroller," "Throwing Things Off a Five-Story Building," and "Crushing Things with an 80-Ton Hydraulic Press."
Visits with Meg Parsont in the Simon & Schuster Building, in which Dave would have Hal Gurnee "turn on the external camera" pointed across the street to the office window of Simon & Schuster employee Meg Parsont. Letterman would converse with Parsont on the phone, as well as surprise her with gifts, guests, etc. delivered to her office. Parsont would make a return appearance on Letterman's Late Show in 1993.
Visits with Letterman's mother, Dorothy Mengering, via remote or telephone from Carmel, Indiana. After he moved to CBS, he later sent her as a reporter to the 1994 Winter Olympics in Norway as part of CBS's coverage.
Visits with Jack Hanna, who brought animals from the Columbus Zoo, of which he was the director.
Hal Gurnee's Network Time Killers: Introduced during the summer of 1988 (after Late Night had returned from a lengthy hiatus due to a Writers Guild strike), the feature included Hal Gurnee introducing bizarre time-killing features from his director's perch in the control room.
The show was nominated as Outstanding Variety, Music or Comedy Series for 10 consecutive seasons, from its second full season in 1983–84 through its final season in 1992–93. Including the nominations for the CBS Late Show variant, the Letterman team was nominated 26 consecutive times in this category.
Once a television wasteland, late night has become a daypart of increased interest to programmers, performers, and viewers. In the past ten years, one show has moved to the position of the leader in late night television in creativity, humor, and innovation. That program is Late Night With David Letterman. As one member of the Peabody Board remarked, "David Letterman is a born broadcaster." He is also a savvy co-executive producer. Along with co-executive producer Jack Rollins, producer Robert Morton, director Hal Gurnee, and musical director Paul Shaffer, Mr. Letterman has surrounded himself with exceptional talent and given them the go-ahead to experiment with the television medium. Particularly noteworthy is the work of head writer Steve O'Donnell and his talented staff. Together, the "Late Night" team manages to take one of TV's most conventional and least inventive forms—the talk show—and infuse it with freshness and imagination. For television programming which, at its best, is evocative of the greats, from Your Show of Shows, to The Steve Allen Show, and The Ernie Kovacs Show, a Peabody to Late Night with David Letterman.
^ a b c Jory, Tom (February 1, 1982). "Letterman's going to stay up late". Spokesman-Review. (Spokane, Washington). Associated Press. p. 11.
^ Bruce Fretts (23 December 2013). "TV Guide Magazine's 60 Best Series of All Time". TVGuide.com.
^ Bushkin, Henry. How Johnny Carson Nearly Quit 'Tonight' and Scored TV's Richest Deal Ever. The Hollywood Reporter. Retrieved September 4, 2014.
^ a b Rothenberg, Fred (February 6, 1982). "Letterman's Late Night dares to be unconventional". Daily News. Bowling Green, KY. Associated Press. p. 6B.
^ Carson Feeds Letterman Lines Archived 2011-07-14 at the Wayback Machine. New York Post (Post Wire Services). p. 102. January 20, 2005.
^ Collins, Glenn (1986-07-27). "Can David Letterman Survive Success?". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2019-02-25.
^ "alt.fan.letterman The Official David Letterman Song Book".
^ Late Night with David Letterman – 1991 Archived 2009-06-24 at the Wayback Machine. Peabody Awards.
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0.989789 |
A passenger's bag slides into a United Airlines test compartment with ease, but the employee pulls it out, then sets it down on the test compartment at an angle to prevent it from going in. He shrugs and says "Rules are rules." Why is this staffer purposely stressing out a passenger? Years ago United staff had a reputation for treating their customers with snide contempt. In more recent times they seemed to be on a path of rehabilitation, but institutional sociopathy has crept back.
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0.942317 |
When I was new to portraiture photoshoot, or rather, photography, I could not understand what was shooting style. I thought the purpose of holding a camera was only to snap photos and make sure the models look nice inside them. As I took up more photography projects and looked at more photos taken by other photographers (of all kinds of quality), I began to develop more understanding to it.
While it takes me quite some time to get a clear picture of what shooting style is all about, I can't blame non-photographers for belittling photographers since they are probably thinking photography is simply as easy as pressing a shutter button. This is probably the reason why people usually set very low budget to engage a photographer.
When you present two works, side by side, in front of a newbie, he or she is probably able to tell which is a better work. However, the person is likely unable to tell what are the differences.
Every camera lens has its own characteristics. There are both zoom and prime lenses. The differences in aperture number can affect the bokeh (background blur) effect a lot and also the quantity of light. Whether it is a wide angle, standard or zoom lens, it gives different feel to the photo. Think of using a normal lens and a fisheye lens and you probably can tell they produce very different effects.
Or rather, it is the distance between the photographer and model. Some photographers love to be more intimate while others prefer to give some "privacy" or "breathing space" to the model. Some photographers also prefer to do closed up shoot. This is directly related to the choice of lens and composition as well.
Some photographers love keeping their models more to the left or right of the frame. Some photographers play well with leading lines or including of objects as frames. Some photographers prefer having a clean background while some love including more scenery into the background.
Some photographers prefer to shoot from a lower angle to give a more muscular feel to the model while some like to help the model lose some weight by shooting from a higher angle. Therefore, some photographers may go to the extreme by bringing a ladder along, and of course, he probably has at least an assistant to help him to carry the gears.
Angle of light can play a big part to "slimming" down the model. It also gives different feel. This is why some horror movies have light shining upwards from the bottom of the scary objects.
While most photographers prefer using soft light, some prefer harsh light. This is also the reason why some photographers are very insistent in the shooting time for outdoor shoots while studio shoots can be very flexible.
Some photographers want their models to pose like a professional models while some prefer free-and-easy style.
Every photographer has his own unique personality, which the model can feel before and during the photoshoot. Some photographers are playful while some are more firm. None is the perfect personality, but different persoanlity will eventually affect the model's mood and create different feel to the final photos. Some models can work better under stress while some prefer to "merry" around during the shoot.
Some photographers prefer their models to wear sexier clothes while some prefer outfits that are more stylish or cute. A few photographers even "recycle" same clothes over and over again.
Some photographers prefer their models' faces to be well lighted while some prefer to keep faces slightly darker for certain mood. Brightness of background and other subjects inside the photos matter a lot as well.
Different cameras and lenses have different colour tones. Different photographers will also edit these setting inside photoshop as accordingly to what they want. Different photographers have their own preferences of setting the saturation, highlight and shadow.
Apart from the basic editing, many photographers love to add blurness to their models' faces to make them look "smoother". The more blurness means the model's face will look more plastic-like and thus different photographers have their own preferences to the level of blurness to be added.
There are many variations that make up the personal style of a photographer. Both the physical shoot and post-production work together to give the feel that a photographer wants. Therefore, every photographer is unique. If you ever try to suggest editing the photos for a photographer, it can be insulting to him.
There are some photographers who have very unique ways to process the photos by adding their own colour tones, such that viewers find the photos attractive without really fantastic lighting. There are also photography companies who have preset settings (colour tone), such that the post-production work can be done by different people and yet the "feel" of every album is similar.
As I gain more experience, I'm beginning to develop my own style as well. However, I'm still trying to expose to more styles and there is still a long way for me to go. Unfortunately, I'm limited by equipment. I also believe in different shooting styles will suit different scenerios, especially for portraiture photography, and thus, do expect surprises from me.
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0.999124 |
Which ink cartridges do I need for my HP Deskjet 3755 All-in-One series Printer?
For your US HP DeskJet 3755 All-in-One series Printer you need HP 65 Black AND HP 65 Tri-color cartridges OR the XL versions: HP 65XL Black AND HP 65XL Tri-color cartridges.
2. Load unused plain white paper into the input tray.
3. Open the cartridge access door. The carriage moves to the center of the printer. Wait until the printer is idle and silent before continuing.
5. Remove the new cartridge from its packaging. Be careful to only touch the black plastic on the ink cartridge.
11. Follow any prompts on the screen.
– Search Windows for the name of your printer, and then click your printer in the list of results. HP Printer Assistant opens.
– Click Maintain Your Printer. The printer toolbox opens.
– On the Device Services tab, click Align Cartridges.
The printer prints an alignment page with rows of numbered boxes. Each box on the page consists of two sets of lines.
– On the alignment page, find the box in row A in which the two sets of lines overlap the most, for example, A10.
In the printer software, select that box from the A drop-down list.
– Repeat these steps for each row of boxes on the alignment page.
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0.991282 |
Christmas is just a little over a week away. Many are hoping for a white Christmas. Here is a city breakdown of the expected weather.
St. John's NL: Sun and cloud. High 1.
Corner Brook, NL: Cloudy. High 0.
Halifax, NS: Chance of showers. High 5.
Quebec City, QC: Few flurries. High 0.
Montreal, QC: Rain. High 1.
Ottawa, ON: Rain. High 1.
Toronto, ON: Rain. High 2.
Thunder Bay, ON: Sun and cloud. High -8.
Winnipeg, MB: Sunny. High -11.
Regina, SK: Sun and cloud. High -10.
Calgary, AB: Sun and cloud. High -10.
Edmonton, AB: Sunny breaks. High -8.
Vancouver, BC: Cloudy. High 2.
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0.950733 |
Is there a reason why code to create an account AS a community, instead of creating an account then converting it to a community has never been implemented? The code to do this seems rather trivial, and I am wondering if there are technical reasons this has never been done, or are the reasons simply political?
If there are no "political" reasons that this has not been done, I will happily write this code.
On my site I have been considering doing this in such a way that accounts created as communities cannot be converted to/from community status, but those that were converted(/community/create.bml) will still have that ability.
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0.88419 |
Win the Rider War and gain the power to rule the world.
Itsuro Takamizawa (also known as Kamen Rider Verde) is one of the 13 Kamen Riders of the Rider War and the main antagonist of the Kamen Rider Ryuki TV Special Kamen Rider Ryuki Special: 13 Riders.
He was portrayed by Arthur Kuroda.
Takamizawa was one of the people whom Kanzaki offered to join the Rider War. Takamizawa accepted, seeking to gain the power to rule the world and thus, Takamizawa became Kamen Rider Verde.
In the special, Verde was the one who killed Kamen Rider Raia. He later saw Shinji as a threat and went after him, teaming up with several other "evil" Riders to defeat him. In a fight with Kamen Rider Knight, Verde mortally wounded the Rider with his Final Vent, only to be killed by Knight's Final Vent right after.
Kamen Rider Verde was part of a group of riders led by Akira Date/Kamen Rider Birth to reinforce the primary riders in their fight against the Rock Great Leader. The Kamen Riders would all team up and perform the combined All Rider Break attack to destroy the Great Leader.
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0.99892 |
Online display advertisements can have an affect on purchasing decision produced by automotive Online users because they have better consumer engagement. Thus, display advertisements could be effectively utilized by automotive dealers to improve their brand awareness, website traffic, website interaction time, and maximize Return on investment. Furthermore, display advertisements also encourage users to conduct explore Internet that boosts the web site traffic.
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0.956966 |
How many national emergencies have been called by presidents?
President Trump declared a national emergency to free up funds to build a wall without congressional approval on Friday, adding that other presidents have called national emergencies on other topics "many times before."
(CBS) - President Trump declared a national emergency to free up funds to build a wall without congressional approval on Friday, adding that other presidents have called national emergencies on other topics "many times before." The National Emergencies Act of 1975allows the president to declare a national emergency, but he must outline the specific emergency powers he is using under existing statutes.
According to the Brennan Center, there have been 58 national emergencies called by presidents since 1979. Thirty-one of those national emergencies are still in effect.
Nov. 14, 1979 (still in effect): A national emergency in response to the Iran hostage crisis, which froze Iran's assets in the United States.
May 30, 1992: Blocking "Yugoslav Government" Property and Property of the Governments of Serbia and Montenegro, revoked 2003.
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0.927015 |
How many comments did Sierra Club submit?
This Washington Examiner headline and opening paragraph caught my attention today.
More than 1.6 million comments both supporting and opposing the Environmental Protection Agency’s proposal to regulate carbon dioxide emissions from power plants were filed before Monday’s deadline.
I was interested because ours was one of those 1.6 million comments that was submitted. However, I was also interested because I had seen the Sierra Club’s Twitter feed earlier today, and they claimed to have submitted over 8 million comments by themselves.
Someone’s numbers aren’t adding up here. 1.6 million total comments – both supporting and opposing – but the Sierra Club claims to have submitted over 8 million.
Of course, both the EPA and the Washington Examiner could be flat out wrong about the 1.6 million number. Of course that would mean that TheHill.com, and MarketWatch.com, and GreenTechMedia.com, and Columbus Business First, and several others were wrong also. But, even if we recognize that there were many thousands of comments coming in on the final day and very generously doubled, or even more than tripled the total number of comments to over 6 million – heck, even the 8 million the Sierra Club claims to have submitted – something still isn’t adding up here. If the Sierra Club submitted 8 million by themselves, where are the opposing comments?
Given the theme of a BigGreenRadicals.com post from yesterday, where Sierra Club was suspected of having “fabricated” anti-coal support, I just naturally wondered if maybe … possibly … perhaps they had exaggerated their support numbers once again.
I’m sure they’ll have a reasonable and transparent answer for this discrepancy.
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0.979257 |
Browse the article Do college admissions officers value students who speak more than one language?
First, let's talk about the less obvious academic benefits of learning a second language. According to the Center for Applied Linguistics, learning a second language, especially at an early age, affects overall intellectual growth and mental development. Studies have shown bilingual students perform better in school and tend to be effective problem solvers [source: Center for Applied Linguistics].
Furthermore, numerous studies show a positive correlation between learning a second language and college admissions test scores. According to data collected by the College Board, there is a positive correlation between the study of foreign languages and SAT scores. Not only do students who study a foreign language score higher than their counterparts who have not learned a second language, their SAT scores improved with each year of study. In other words, those students who took four years of a foreign language scored higher than those who stopped after two [source: College Board]. In addition, the data also show that students who studied multiple years of other subjects, such as science, had no significant increase in their SAT verbal scores [source: Weatherford].
Of course, admissions officers at most colleges and universities also look closely at the applicant's transcript. Here they not only see grades earned, but also the student's course load. And to some of these gatekeepers, students who go beyond the two-year language requirement and also take AP courses show they are serious about academics. Admissions officers recommend that students who are proficient in a second language, particularly those who hope to attend an elite college or to major or minor in a foreign language, take four years of the language, including an AP language course (if available) or sit for the SAT subject test in the language they have been studying.
Unfortunately, not all languages are tested by the College Board's SAT subject tests. The limited number of tests affects what languages students choose to study in high school, which may impact their course of study in college and ultimately their career. Take for example, a student who wishes to learn Russian in high school. Because there currently is no standardized admissions test for Russian, that student may be discouraged from studying this language and, eventually, countries like the United States, may find themselves with a dearth of Russian speakers as a result [source: Morgan]. You can find out which foreign language tests the College Board offers by visiting its Web site.
Although studying a second language may not be the specific factor that stands out on your college application, chances are it will make a difference on an application of a different kind. Let's look at how speaking more than one language can benefit your career.
What Do Admissions Staff Want?
According to a 2009 report from the National Association for College Admission Counseling (NACAC), the most important factors in admission decisions are grades in college preparatory courses, strength of curriculum, admission test scores (SAT, ACT) and overall grades. Small private colleges may go beyond and look at the essay/writing sample, interview, recommendations, work and extracurricular activities, subject test scores (AP, IB), portfolio and demonstrated interest.
Is a Second Language Good for Your Career?
Outside of college campuses, mobility and technology have quickly brought different cultures closer. People are more willing to move to different parts of the world, and companies are more apt to do business with people in countries that, until recently, were inaccessible. For example, a significant opportunity for business opened when China joined the World Trade Organization in 2001 [source: Kessler]. Of course, crossing time zones and cooperating with colleagues in other countries is more effective if you can speak a common language and, at the very least, understand cultural differences.
For the United States, the need for fluent speakers of foreign languages became even more apparent after Sept. 11, 2001, when the country's deficiency in this area affected national security, in terms of being able to translate information obtained by U.S. intelligence agencies. Learning a foreign language not only aids in communication, but understanding and appreciation of other cultures [source: Morris].
In addition, as people continue to immigrate to the United States, schools and businesses become a mix of languages and cultures. North Carolina, for example, is experiencing rapid growth of non-English speakers from Hispanic and Asian countries, thanks to the agriculture and financial industries. When it comes to doing business in the global marketplace, multilingual speakers, who have an understanding of other cultures, have an advantage [source: Morris].
Andrew, the student who was accepted to Georgetown and graduated from the university's School of Foreign Service, thinks that foreign languages pose an excellent way for applicants to distinguish themselves, especially if they study an "unusual" language.
"Knowing a language is half the battle. Demonstrating that you are a 'global citizen' is the other half," he says, regarding both college and job applications. "That's the factor I'd look for. Does the applicant just know the language, or have they also used it to travel, volunteer in their local community or to perform a job they couldn't perform without the second language?"
"The application of the language and the awareness that contact with speakers of other languages can bring far more to an applicant's depth than merely having learned a second language."
For more information on the college admissions process, explore the links on the next page.
Foreign Language in the U.S.A.
According to the 2000 U.S. Census, more than 80 percent of Americans speak English only, including President Barack Obama. Of the less than 20 percent who do speak a second language, Spanish is the most popular, followed by Chinese, French, German, Tagalog (a language from the Philippines), Vietnamese, Italian and a handful of others. Furthermore, there is a difference between fluency in a second language and taking a few classes in high school [source: Vistawide].
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0.999997 |
Trek trek all the way!
An adventure trek would be something you will enjoy provided you are well prepared in terms of your safety and health. Here are a few tips and guidelines that would help you be well prepared for an adventurous and unforgettable trekking experience.
• Have a medical fitness check up done before planning a trek. Take precautions against diseases like cholera, malaria, typhoid, tetanus and hepatitis.
• A study about the climatic conditions of the place is the first and foremost thing to be done. Do not trek in bad wheather. Carrying a rain coat or windshield would be a good idea as the climate may change frequently in most trekking points.
• Carry a bag that is spacious with multiple pockets engrafted with zipper closure and cushioned shoulder straps so that all the essential trekking equipments can be carried.
• A few things you must have are a first aid box, a Swiss army knife, a lighter, a flashlight, water bottle, a direction compass, topographicalmap, space blanket and winter attire. Carry a trekking rope of 50mts with you and a sleeping bag. If it's an icy terrain, an ice cutting axe is a must to carry.
• Wear a full - sleeved shirt and full pants to avoid insect bites.
• Wear proper trekking shoes.Your trekking shoes should be half size bigger than your regular shoes to accommodate for the swelling and for heavy trekking socks.
• Always cover your neck area, as the frequently changing wheather may lead to serious neck problems.
• Apply a sunscreen with a higher SPF.
• A carefully controlled and monitored diet on the mountain is essential. A carbohydrate rich and high liquid diet with fresh ingredients is what you will need to sustain yourself through the trek.
• Carrying an Aspirin and Paracetamolis highly recommended for headaches as they thin the blood and improve circulation & oxygen delivery to the body. Avoid strong painkillers as as they can suppress respiration. Talk to your doctor before taking any medications.
• Drink atleast 3-4 liters of water to avoid dehydration.
• High altitudes may affect your menstrual cycle, so carry appropriate materials.
• Use toilets wherever possible to avoid spoiling the campsites.
• Please carry downall garbage and plastic to avoid spoiling the campsite.
• Protect your cameras, whether video or film, against cold either in a warm pouch or the interior pockets of your clothing. Do not keep your camera in your backpack at higher elevations.
• Avoid waterfalls during monsoon, especially the ones which are at a great height, as rocks keep falling due to rain, and the terrain may be too slippery.
• Early-morning starts are the best bet for any hike, both for avoiding the afternoon sun and to allow extra time in case you are forced to take shelter from the weather.
• Take smaller steps on rocky patchesand lean forward as the pitch gets steeper. Taking large, fast steps up an ascending rock face can strain your calf and Achilles tendon.
These are a few precautions and tips you can remember while planning your trek, so you can avoid a few emergencies through your journey.
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0.997644 |
So you've got a great dish grilling up and need to throw together something to go with it? Put some thick-sliced French bread on the grill to make toasted garlic bread for a quick and easy side.
1. Mix softened butter with garlic powder, parsley, and salt in a small bowl. Brush over both sides of each slice of bread.
2. Place onto a hot grill and cook on each side until the bread begins to show grill marks. Flip and continue grilling.
3. Remove when the bread starts to get crunchy, about 4 to 5 minutes.
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0.999975 |
The years 1750 to 1900 ushered in great change in Britain, with the population increasing by over 260 percent and shifting away from rural villages and into cities, with corresponding improvements in transportation, industry and communication. Historian Arnold Toynbee argued in 1883 that during this time period, Britain underwent an Agricultural and Industrial Revolution, but more-recent scholars have insisted that these changes were more gradual than what Toynbee suggested.
The Agricultural Revolution began during the 17th century, with various developments and innovations in agricultural technology causing food production to outpace population growth for the first time. England's population exceeded 5.5 million and freed up labor while allowing people to improve their standards of living, eventually leading to the Industrial Revolution.
The increasing population led to a boom across many industries, most notably in the textile factories that switched from the cottage industry to a factory system. Cotton was and remains the most important non-agricultural crop. New inventions massively increased worker productivity, eventually replacing the need for humans to power them. Cheaper and stronger iron was developed that impacted every major industry.
The most-famous invention of the Industrial Revolution was the steam engine that powered transportation and enabled the growth of factories and mills.
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0.999843 |
The following paragraphs will discuss these factors and more.
The type of business you operate is very important in relation to what type of promotional products will best fit its needs. For example, if the business is associated with food preparation or service, promotional aprons may be successful. On the other hand, if your business is retail or customer service, promotional shirts may be a better choice. There are promotional products available to meet the needs of any business.
The current season is also a factor to consider when trying to decide on which promotional products best suit your business needs. During the colder seasons, many companies find printed jackets effective marketing tools. However, during the warmer months it is not common for people to wear jackets. Promotional t-shirts and active wear clothing are two popular promotional items during warm seasons.
In addition to the nature of your business and the current season, your targeting clientele should be taken into consideration when deciding which promotional products to use. It is important to choose promotional products that will attract the attention of potential customers. If your business is sports oriented, trendy active wear may be a good consideration. Your employees will likely feel encouraged to wear it to the gym or sporting events, thus, attracting more potential customers for you. The gender of your targeted clientele is also of importance. If your business is primarily aimed towards men, choose promotional products men will find attractive. One the other hand, if your business revolves around women, you should select products women will enjoy.
When trying to determine which products will best promote your business, there is something else you should take into consideration. In some instances, it can be most effective to select more than one type of promotional products to use. Promotional pens are fairly inexpensive, as well as popular. They are often used in conjunction with other promotional products to increase their effectiveness. Refrigerator magnets are another type of promotional product that is often used to back up another.
In order for promotional products to successfully promote your business, it is important to carefully consider which promotional products will work best for your particular business. The decision can seem like a difficult one to make, but it doesn’t have to be. By taking several factors into consideration, you can make your final decision much easier, and much more likely to succeed.
Promotional items are articles of merchandise used all over the globe for different communication, marketing and selling purposes. The sole purpose of adding a company’s name or logo on any product is to increase its popularity by promotion of its sales through different marketing campaigns and trade fairs. The range of products that can be imprinted for promotional purposes seems infinite. At the low end are ballpoint pens, T-shirts, and calendars.
The high end typically includes such items as golf bags, cameras, and crystal bowls. Common items include t-shirts, caps, key chains, bumper stickers, mugs or mouse pads. Promotional items vary in their cost and size. Generally celebrities are given expensive promotional items at award functions and film festivals. Companies offering such expensive gifts to theses celebrities often ask these celebrities to allow a photo to be taken with that gifted item which they can use for their promotional purposes.
Companies nowadays are striving hard for the promotion of their products. Luxury gifts like handbags and scarves are also gifted by various companies to celebrity attendees in the hope that these attendees will wear these in public thus increasing the popularity of the company and garnering publicity for the company’s brand name. Not only the companies are using these promotional items for their brand promotion but these promotional items are also used in politics to promote candidates and causes. Non-commercial organizations, such as schools and charities are often used as a part of fund raising and awareness-raising campaigns. A prominent example was the live strong wristband, used to promote cancer awareness and raise funds to support cancer survivorship programs and research.
The first known promotional products in the US are commemorative buttons dating back to the election of George Washington in 1789. During the early 1800s there were some advertising calendars, rulers and wooden specialities, but there wasn’t an organized industry for the creation of promotional items until later in the 19th century. Promotional products include different products such as Esher conference bags, Pier Ft pens ,A4 conference folders, Cotton promotional bags, Printed post it notes ,printed umbrellas, optical mouse mats, Tall travel mugs, Silicon grip ball pens, Sparta mugs, spring bottled mugs with about 1500 different colour combinations. Other promotional products include ploy nuclear bottles, Expedition carabineer bottles, and Diaper bags. Started in 2003, Ink Head Promotional Products is the premiere distributor of personalized pens, promotions products and custom coffee mugs. Think of an item and someone can probably put your logo on it. They’re used as giveaways at trade shows and other events, on-pack and in-pack premiums, container premiums, mail-in premiums, door-openers, dealer-loaders, sales incentives, business gifts, contest prizes, direct-mail premiums, and awards. In conclusion, regardless of the size or purpose of your event, promotional products help your guests celebrate and remember it.
What are your marketing objectives? If one of your business goals is to increase brand recognition within your target market, promotional products are the affordable and effective solution your company is searching for. Promotional products get the attention of your target market in a positive way. You can start raising awareness with promotional gifts for your brand very quickly too.
What do you want your target market to know about your business? Do they know your business message, its values and goals? Do they know what separates your business from the competition and why your products and services are far superior to anything else available in the marketplace? Ensure that your company message, products and services are portrayed to preferred market sectors in the right manner. Your business can invest in promotional products that address your market sector by gaining their attention through promotional items they want and need.
Promotional products can help your business to grow. Find promotional items like housewares, golf equipment, games, branded apparel, pens, office supplies, quality outdoor gifts, and high-end leisure items that will entice your target market and distribute your company name simultaneously. Every time an individual uses your business’s promotional item, the company name and message will be reinforced.
Promotional items will also help to raise awareness and motivation levels among your employees. As your organization grows, your business might offer products and services that other employees might not even know exist. By distributing promotional items to all members of your enterprise, your employees will feel more appreciated and become more educated about the products and services that are being offered. Employees can be one of the strongest assets your marketing team possesses, as satisfied employees will work harder and discuss the merits of their company to friends, family members and associates. By giving them promotional items that showcase the most important products and services, you can encourage employee motivation and fulfillment in the office.
Invest in a multi-pronged marketing approach when you find promotional products that will raise awareness about the products and services your company offers. You can distribute these quality branded promotional items to your employees and market sectors alike to ensure that your business gains a competitive edge. Why not start searching the large selection of promotional items for your business advertising efforts now? You can enjoy enhanced company recognition and reputation through effective promotional products. Place your order for promotional items to raise awareness about your business today.
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0.999883 |
Was the lute ever used in Ireland during the Middle Ages and Renaissance? Unlike its Scottish neighbour, the available records in Ireland seemed to suggest that it was played there only by the invading English. However, I have discovered a few references suggesting that the lute was also used by the Irish themselves.
This highly interesting manuscript, which is in the library of Trinity College, Dublin (D. I. 21), contains a large number of the popular tunes of the sixteenth century. "Fortune my foe," "Peg a Ramsey," "Bonny sweet Robin," "Calleno," "Lightlie love Ladies," "Green Sleeves," "Weladay," (all mentioned by Shakspeare), besides "The Witches Dawnce," "The hunt is up," "The Shaking of the Shetes," "The Quadran Pavan," "a Hornpipe," "Robin Reddocke," "Barrow Foster's Dreame," "Downland's Lachrimæ," "Lusty Gallant," "The Blacksmith," "Rogero," "Turkeyloney," "Staynes Morris," "Sellenger's Rownde," "All flowers in brome," "Ballo," "Wigmore's Galliard," "Robin Hood is to the greenwood gone," &c., &., are to be found in it. "Queen Maries Dump" (in whose reign it was probably commenced) stands first in the book.
This demonstrates that lutes were certainly physically present in Ireland during the 1500s. However, Dublin was the heart of the Pale, the area under English control. While some Scottish and Irish tunes are mentioned, all these tunes were very well-known in England at the time.
Therefore, this indicates little or nothing about the use of the lute within the Gaelic culture of Ireland, where at this period the harp was considered the national instrument. Unless some reference to it can be uncovered, we must conclude that, unlike Gaelic Scotland, where the lute seems to have been found at least on occasion, the lute was not in use at all in Gaelic Ireland.
[Bishop Patrick addressed the allegory below to his friend Aldwin, who became a hermit at Great Malvern, Worcestershire and was later, c. 1085, the first prior of a Benedictine house there.
The three gave utterance to the wisdom of the silent four.
And is seen to hold unnumbered numbers in her lap.
Thus stood these silent four, in diverse form.
All three I beheld with wonder at their great beauty.
The gifts they gave me I omit to tell.
On it I make melody for the people: often I play it for my own pleasure.
The seven sisters are the seven liberal arts. The silent four are arithmetic, music, geometry and astronomy. The other three are grammar, logic and rhetoric.
Who could sing the silent speech of people who see men's hearts?
Who the endless abiding joy of the mind?
And the love that burns in the hearts of each and all?
Psalter and strange harps or threefold organs?
I believe that "psalter" in the above verse is a mistake for "psaltery", a plucked instrument somewhat resembling a hammer dulcimer (without the hammers). These references show that lutes were known in Ireland, at least by the educated classes, but I notice that when it comes to actually playing music, the bishop prefers the harp.
he took over the family mercery business. These responsibilities possibly left him little time to pursue his teen-age study of the lute. He died in Nantwich on 17 February 1637/8.
So after wars soldiers to ruin falls.
It is possible that this was our lutenist, which would certainly explain the poem, with its reference to Essex and its tone of a hard-done-by soldier. Essex's close contact with court circles might also explain how Mynshall came to have a royal book and how Essex's letter from Ireland came to be copied into it.
How this letter came to be copied into the lute book is a matter for speculation. Was this a rough draft dictated by Essex in Ireland before final drafting? The poor punctuation, the mistaken passinge for passion, cawse for course, and the afterthought insertion of since, the fashion of my death thoe the cawse of, you and no suggest that it was not copied from sight of the original. Another factor should be considered: Nantwich was on the main road from Dublin to London, along which a letter from Ireland would have been carried. Ardbraccan is 30 miles NW of Dublin. There are, then, two possibilities: first, that the 17-year-old Mynshall was at Ardbraccan with Essex; second, that he was party to letter-opening at Nantwich. The second of these seems rather far-fetched, especially in view of the errors noted above. Mynshall was intrigued enough by the letter to copy the first three words himself at the top of the page containing the complete text.
This seems to show that a lutenist was very likely present in Ireland in the 16th century. However, he was an Englishman engaged in fighting the native Irish. So again, this is not evidence of any Irishman playing the lute.
Finally, I have discovered a poetic reference to the lute being played along with other instruments: flute, fiddle, harp, organ, drum and trump. The organ would have been found in churches and in the private chapels of the aristocracy. The other instruments are known to have been in use in Ireland. The date of the poem is roughly 1675just before the downfall of the Gaelic aristocracy. This is the first evidence I have found that the lute was played by the Irish (in this case, probably in the households of the Gaelic nobility). The entire poem may be found on another page: The Lover's Invitation.
Lots of information about early music in Ireland, compiled by Erick Falc'her-Poyroux (in French).
Other fretted instruments in Scottish music.
Recordings of Scottish lute music.
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