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4401
[ "We", "term", "the", "LYSP100", "structures", "``", "LANDs", ",", "''", "for", "LYSP100", "-associated", "nuclear", "domains", "." ]
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4402
[ "Although", "LYSP100", "is", "expressed", "only", "in", "lymphoid", "cells", ",", "LANDs", "could", "be", "visualized", "in", "HeLa", "cells", "by", "transfection", "of", "a", "LYSP100", "cDNA", "." ]
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4403
[ "Immunoelectron", "microscopy", "revealed", "LANDs", "to", "be", "globular", ",", "electron-dense", "structures", "morphologically", "distinct", "from", "the", "annular", "structures", "characteristic", "of", "PML", "NBs", "." ]
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4404
[ "LANDs", "were", "most", "often", "found", "in", "the", "nucleoplasm", ",", "but", "were", "also", "found", "at", "the", "nuclear", "membrane", "and", "in", "the", "cytoplasm", ",", "suggesting", "that", "these", "structures", "may", "traffic", "between", "the", "cytoplasm", "and", "the", "nucleus", "." ]
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4405
[ "By", "double-immunogold", "labeling", "of", "PML", "and", "LYSP100", ",", "some", "LANDs", "were", "shown", "to", "contain", "both", "PML", "and", "LYSP100", "." ]
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4406
[ "Thus", ",", "PML", "is", "localized", "to", "a", "second", "subnuclear", "domain", "that", "is", "morphologically", "and", "biochemically", "distinct", "from", "PML", "NBs", "." ]
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4407
[ "Transcriptional", "control", "of", "steroid-regulated", "apoptosis", "in", "murine", "thymoma", "cells", "." ]
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4408
[ "Early", "studies", "in", "murine", "T", "cell", "lines", "indicated", "that", "transcriptional", "transactivation", "functions", "encoded", "in", "the", "glucocorticoid", "receptor", "(", "GR", ")", "N-terminal", "domain", "are", "required", "for", "glucocorticoid-mediated", "apoptosis", "." ]
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4409
[ "However", ",", "more", "recent", "studies", "in", "human", "T", "cell", "lines", "have", "suggested", "that", "the", "N-terminal", "domain", "is", "not", "necessary", "for", "steroid-regulated", "apoptosis", "and", "that", "GR", "-mediated", "transrepression", "may", "be", "the", "more", "critical", "mechanism", "." ]
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4410
[ "To", "better", "understand", "the", "contribution", "of", "the", "GR", "N-terminal", "transactivation", "domain", "in", "mediating", "murine", "thymocyte", "apoptosis", ",", "we", "stably", "transfected", "GR", ",", "GR", "variants", ",", "and", "the", "androgen", "receptor", "(", "AR", ")", "into", "receptor-negative", "S49", "murine", "thymoma", "cells", "." ]
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4411
[ "GR", "expression", "levels", "were", "shown", "to", "be", "rate-limiting", "for", "initiating", "the", "apoptotic", "pathway", ",", "and", "a", "positive", "correlation", "between", "steroid", "sensitivity", "and", "GR", "-mediated", "induction", "of", "an", "integrated", "mouse", "mammary", "tumor", "virus", "(", "MMTV", ")", "LTR", "reporter", "gene", "was", "observed", "." ]
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4412
[ "Analysis", "of", "GR", "chimeric", "receptors", "containing", "the", "potent", "VP16", "and", "E1A", "viral", "transactivation", "domains", "in", "place", "of", "the", "GR", "N", "terminus", "revealed", "that", "even", "low", "level", "expression", "of", "these", "receptors", "resulted", "in", "both", "enhanced", "steroid", "sensitivity", "and", "MMTV", "induction", ",", "thus", "supporting", "a", "role", "for", "transactivation", "in", "apoptosis", "." ]
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4413
[ "In", "contrast", ",", "we", "found", "that", "AR", "can", "initiate", "apoptosis", "in", "S49", "cells", "after", "treatment", "with", "5", "alpha-dihydrotestosterone", ",", "despite", "its", "relative", "inability", "to", "induce", "high", "level", "expression", "of", "MMTV", "." ]
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4414
[ "To", "investigate", "this", "further", ",", "we", "examined", "the", "steroid-regulated", "expression", "of", "an", "endogenous", "thymocyte-specific", "gene", "called", "GIG18", "." ]
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4415
[ "We", "found", "that", "GIG18", "was", "rapidly", "induced", "to", "comparable", "levels", "by", "both", "AR", "and", "GR", ",", "demonstrating", "that", "AR", "can", "indeed", "function", "as", "a", "transcriptional", "activator", "in", "S49", "cells", "and", ",", "moreover", ",", "that", "GIG18", "induction", "may", "be", "a", "marker", "of", "early", "apoptotic", "events", "in", "steroid-treated", "cells", "." ]
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4416
[ "Taken", "together", ",", "these", "results", "support", "our", "conclusion", "that", "transcriptional", "transactivation", "is", "a", "necessary", "signaling", "component", "of", "S49", "cell", "apoptosis", ",", "although", "an", "additional", "role", "for", "GR", "-mediated", "transrepression", "can", "not", "be", "excluded", "." ]
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4417
[ "Multiple", "p21ras", "effector", "pathways", "regulate", "nuclear", "factor", "of", "activated", "T", "cells", "." ]
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4418
[ "The", "transcription", "factor", ",", "Nuclear", "Factor", "of", "Activated", "T", "cells", "(", "NFAT", ")", "is", "a", "major", "target", "for", "p21ras", "and", "calcium", "signalling", "pathways", "in", "the", "IL-2", "gene", "and", "is", "induced", "by", "p21ras", "signals", "acting", "in", "synergy", "with", "calcium", "/calcineurin", "signals", "." ]
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4419
[ "One", "p21ras", "effector", "pathway", "involves", "the", "MAP", "kinase", "ERK-2", ",", "and", "we", "have", "examined", "its", "role", "in", "NFAT", "regulation", "." ]
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4420
[ "Expression", "of", "dominant", "negative", "MAPKK-1", "prevents", "NFAT", "induction", "." ]
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4421
[ "Constitutively", "active", "MAPKK-1", "fully", "activates", "ERK-2", "and", "the", "transcription", "factor", "Elk-1", ",", "but", "does", "not", "substitute", "for", "activated", "p21ras", "and", "synergize", "with", "calcium", "/calcineurin", "signals", "to", "induce", "NFAT", "." ]
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4422
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4423
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4424
[ "The", "induction", "of", "AP-1", "by", "p21ras", "also", "requires", "Rac-1", "function", "." ]
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4425
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4426
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4427
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4428
[ "Retinoid", "differentiation", "therapy", "in", "promyelocytic", "leukemia", "." ]
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4429
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4430
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4431
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4432
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4433
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4434
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4435
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4436
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4437
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4438
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4439
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4440
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4441
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4442
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4443
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4444
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4445
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4446
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4447
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4450
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4451
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