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16701
[ "Studies", "of", "the", "actions", "of", "platelet-activating", "factor", "have", "centered", "mainly", "around", "neutrophils", ",", "monocytes", ",", "and", "platelets", "." ]
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16702
[ "In", "this", "report", "we", "begin", "to", "uncover", "the", "influence", "of", "platelet-activating", "factor", "on", "B", "lymphocytes", "." ]
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16703
[ "Employing", "the", "EBV-transformed", "human", "B", "cell", "line", "SKW6.4", ",", "we", "demonstrate", "that", "platelet-activating", "factor", "significantly", "alters", "membrane", "phospholipid", "metabolism", "indicated", "by", "the", "incorporation", "of", "32P", "into", "phosphatidylcholine", ",", "phosphatidylinositol", ",", "and", "phosphatidic", "acid", "but", "not", "significantly", "into", "phosphatidylethanolamine", "at", "concentrations", "ranging", "from", "10", "(", "-9", ")", "to", "10", "(", "-6", ")", "M", "." ]
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16704
[ "The", "inactive", "precursor", ",", "lyso-platelet-activating", "factor", ",", "at", "a", "concentration", "as", "high", "as", "10", "(", "-7", ")", "M", "had", "no", "effect", "on", "any", "of", "the", "membrane", "phospholipids", "." ]
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16705
[ "We", "also", "show", "that", "platelet-activating", "factor", "from", "10", "(", "-12", ")", "to", "10", "(", "-6", ")", "M", "induced", "rapid", "and", "significant", "elevation", "in", "intracellular", "calcium", "levels", ",", "whereas", "lyso-", "platelet-activating", "factor", "was", "again", "ineffective", "." ]
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16706
[ "We", "further", "demonstrate", "the", "impact", "of", "platelet-activating", "factor", "binding", "to", "B", "cells", "by", "measuring", "platelet-activating", "factor", "induced", "arachidonic", "acid", "release", "and", "5-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic", "acid", "production", "." ]
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16707
[ "Moreover", ",", "platelet-activating", "factor", "was", "capable", "of", "inducing", "transcription", "of", "the", "nuclear", "proto-oncogenes", "c-fos", "and", "c-jun", "." ]
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16708
[ "Finally", "we", "explored", "the", "possible", "role", "of", "5-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic", "acid", "as", "a", "regulator", "of", "arachidonic", "acid", "liberation", "demonstrating", "that", "endogenous", "5-lipoxygenase", "activity", "modulates", "platelet-activating", "factor", "induced", "arachidonic", "acid", "release", "perhaps", "acting", "at", "the", "level", "of", "phospholipase", "A2", "." ]
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16709
[ "In", "summary", ",", "platelet-activating", "factor", "is", "shown", "here", "to", "have", "a", "direct", "and", "profound", "effect", "on", "a", "pure", "B", "cell", "line", "." ]
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16710
[ "Positive", "and", "negative", "regulation", "of", "immunoglobulin", "gene", "expression", "by", "a", "novel", "B-cell-specific", "enhancer", "element", "." ]
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16711
[ "A", "new", "B-cell-specific", "enhancer", "element", "has", "been", "identified", "3", "'", "of", "E4", "and", "the", "octamerlike", "motifs", "in", "the", "human", "immunoglobulin", "heavy-chain", "gene", "enhancer", "." ]
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16712
[ "Tandem", "copies", "of", "this", "67-bp", "MnlI-AluI", "fragment", ",", "when", "fused", "to", "the", "chloramphenicol", "acetyltransferase", "gene", "driven", "by", "the", "conalbumin", "promoter", ",", "stimulated", "transcription", "in", "B", "cells", "but", "not", "in", "Jurkat", "T", "cells", "or", "HeLa", "cells", "." ]
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16713
[ "Footprinting", "analysis", "revealed", "that", "the", "identical", "sequence", "CCGAAACTGAAAAGG", ",", "designated", "E6", ",", "was", "protected", "by", "nuclear", "extracts", "from", "B", "cells", ",", "T", "cells", ",", "or", "HeLa", "cells", "." ]
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16714
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16715
[ "In", "agreement", "with", "the", "results", "of", "gel", "retardation", "assays", ",", "tandem", "copies", "of", "the", "E6", "motif", "stimulated", "transcription", "in", "ARH77", "and", "Raji", "cells", "but", "not", "in", "Jurkat", "or", "HeLa", "cells", "." ]
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16716
[ "Furthermore", ",", "a", "mutant", "E6", "motif", "lost", "both", "in", "vitro", "binding", "activity", "and", "in", "vivo", "enhancer", "activity", "." ]
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16717
[ "In", "striking", "contrast", "to", "the", "mouse", "Ig", "heavy-chain", "enhancer", ",", "in", "which", "the", "octamer", "motif", "acts", "as", "a", "B-cell-specific", "enhancer", "element", ",", "the", "human", "enhancer", "contains", "an", "octamerlike", "sequence", "with", "one", "base", "substitution", "which", "bound", "octamer-binding", "proteins", "with", "only", "very", "low", "affinity", "and", "showed", "no", "enhancer", "activity", "of", "its", "own", "." ]
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16718
[ "Interestingly", ",", "the", "MnlI-AluI", "fragment", "could", "suppress", "the", "basal-level", "activity", "of", "the", "conalbumin", "promoter", "in", "both", "Jurkat", "and", "HeLa", "cells", "." ]
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16719
[ "Moreover", ",", "simian", "virus", "40", "enhancer", "activity", "was", "blocked", "by", "the", "MnlI-AluI", "fragment", "in", "HeLa", "cells", "but", "not", "in", "B", "cells", "." ]
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16720
[ "Thus", ",", "the", "novel", "enhancer", "element", "identified", "in", "this", "study", "is", "probably", "a", "target", "site", "for", "both", "positive", "and", "negative", "factors", "." ]
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16721
[ "Charybdotoxin-sensitive", ",", "Ca", "(", "2+", ")", "-dependent", "membrane", "potential", "changes", "are", "not", "involved", "in", "human", "T", "or", "B", "cell", "activation", "and", "proliferation", "." ]
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16722
[ "The", "involvement", "of", "ion", "channels", "in", "B", "and", "T", "lymphocyte", "activation", "is", "supported", "by", "many", "reports", "of", "changes", "in", "ion", "fluxes", "and", "membrane", "potential", "after", "mitogen", "binding", "." ]
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16723
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16724
[ "Inasmuch", "as", "the", "change", "in", "membrane", "potential", "is", "dependent", "on", "elevation", "of", "free", "cytosolic", "calcium", ",", "the", "hyperpolarization", "is", "presumably", "through", "opening", "of", "Ca", "(", "2+", ")", "-stimulated", "K+", "channels", "." ]
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16725
[ "We", "have", "used", "charybdotoxin", ",", "a", "known", "inhibitor", "of", "Ca", "(", "2+", ")", "-dependent", "K+", "channels", ",", "to", "study", "the", "role", "of", "these", "channels", "in", "lymphocyte", "activation", "and", "mitogenesis", "." ]
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16726
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16727
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16728
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16729
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16730
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16731
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16732
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16733
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16734
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16735
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16736
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16737
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16738
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16739
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16740
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16742
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16744
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16745
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16746
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16747
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16748
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