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ุดุนุฑุช ููุฃููุง ูุดุชุฑู ูุฃููุณูุง ุงูููุช.
|
It felt like we were buying ourselves time.
|
ููุง ูุญุงูู ุชุฏุจูุฑ ุงูุฃู
ูุฑ ูู
ุฏุฉ ุฃุทูู.
|
We were eking things out a bit longer.
|
ุญุชู ุงุฐุง ุชุบูุฑุงูุฌู
ุจุนุ ููู ูุญู ูุฐุง ุงูู
ุดููุฉ.
|
Even if everybody changed, it wouldn't solve the problem.
|
ูู ูุตูุญ ุงููุธุงู
.
|
It wouldn't fix the system.
|
ุตุญูุญ ุฃูู ุนุงู
ู ุญููู ูู ุงูู
ุฑุญูุฉ ุงูุฅูุชูุงููุฉุ ููู ู
ุง ุฃุฐูููู ุญูุง ููุ ุงูุงูุชูุงู ูุญู ู
ุงุฐุงุ ู
ุง ูู ุงูุดูุก ุงูุฐู ูู
ูู ุฃู ูุณุงุนุฏ ูู ุฐููุ
|
It was vital in the transition, but what fascinated me was, in the transition to what? What could actually work?
|
ู
ุง ุฃุฐูููู ุญูุง ุจุฃู ุงููุธุงู
ููุณููุ ู
ูุธูู
ุฉ ุงูุนู
ู ุงูุชู ูุนูุด ูููุงุ ู
ููุกู ุจุงูุนููุจ ุฃุณุงุณุงุ ูุฃุฏุฑูุช ูู ููุงูุฉ ุงูู
ุทุงู ุจุฃู ูุธุงู
ุชุดุบูููุงุ ููู ุงูุทุฑููุฉ ุงูุชู ูุนู
ู ุจูุง ูุธุงู
ูุง ุงูุงูุชุตุงุฏูุ ูุงูุชู ุจูู ุนูููุง ูุธุงู
ูุง ุงูุงูุชุตุงุฏู ุ ูู ูุธุงู
ุจุญุฏ ุฐุงุชู.
|
It struck me that the system itself, the framework within which we live, is fundamentally flawed, and I realized ultimately that our operating system, the way our economy functions, the way our economy's been built, is a system in itself.
|
ูู ุงูุจุญุฑ ุ ูุงู ูุฌุจ ุนูู ุฃู ุฃููู
ุงูุฃูุธู
ุฉ ุงูู
ุนูุฏุฉ.
|
At sea, I had to understand complex systems.
|
ูุงู ูุฌุจ ุฃู ุงูุชุฎุงุฐ ุนุฏุฉ ู
ุฏุฎูุงุชุ ูุฃููููุฐูุงุ ูู
ุง ูุฌุจ ุฃู ุฃููู
ุงููุธุงู
ููู ุฃุชู
ูู ู
ู ุงูููุฒ.
|
I had to take multiple inputs, I had to process them, and I had to understand the system to win.
|
ูุงู ูุฌุจ ุฃู ุฃุฌุนู ูู ู
ุนูู.
|
I had to make sense of it.
|
ูุจููู
ุง ููุช ุฃุฏุฑุณ ูุธุงู
ูุง ุงูุงูุชุตุงุฏูุ ุฃุฏุฑูุช ุฃูู ู
ุซู ุฐูู ุงููุธุงู
ุฃูุถุงุ ูููู ูุธุงู
ูุง ูู
ููู ุงูุนู
ู ุจููุงุกุฉ ูู
ุฏุฉ ุทูููุฉ.
|
And as I looked at our global economy, I realized it too is that system, but it's a system that effectively can't run in the long term.
|
ู ุฃุฏุฑูุช ุฃููุง ูุชูู ูู ุงูุญูููุฉ ู
ุง ูุนุฑู ุจุงูุงูุชุตุงุฏ ุงูุฎุทู ุนูู ู
ุฏู 150 ุณูุฉู ู
ุถุชุ ุนูุฏู
ุง ูุณุชุฎุฑุฌ ุงูู
ูุงุฏ ู
ู ุจุงุทู ุงูุฃุฑุถุ ู ูููู
ุจุตูุน ุฃุดูุงุก ู
ููุงุ ุซู
ูู ููุงูุฉ ุงูู
ุทุงู ูุชู
ุงูุชุฎูุต ู
ู ุงูู
ูุชูุฌุ ููุนู
ุ ูููู
ุจุฅุนุงุฏุฉ ุชุฏููุฑ ุงูุจุนุถ ู
ููุ ููู ูู ุฃูุซุฑ ู
ู ู
ุญุงููุฉ ูุฅุณุชุฎุฑุงุฌ ู
ุง ูุณุชุทูุน ูู ุงูููุงูุฉุ ููุณ ุจุงูุชุตู
ูู
.
|
And I realized we've been perfecting what's effectively a linear economy for 150 years, where we take a material out of the ground, we make something out of it, and then ultimately that product gets thrown away, and yes, we do recycle some of it, but more an attempt to get out what we can at the end, not by design.
|
ุฅูู ุงูุชุตุงุฏ ูู ุญูููุฉ ูุง ูู
ููู ุฃู ูุนู
ู ุนูู ุงูู
ุฏู ุงูุจุนูุฏุ ุฅุฐุง ุชุฐูุฑูุง ุฃููุง ูู
ุชูู ู
ูุงุฏ ู
ุญุฏูุฏุฉูุ ูู
ุงุฐุง ูููู
ุจุจูุงุก ุงูุชุตุงุฏ ูุฑุชูุฒ ุนู
ููุง ุนูู ุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู
ุงูุฃุดูุงุกุ ูุงูุฐู ู
ู ุดุฃูู ุฃู ูุชุณุจุจ ุจูุฏุฑ ุจุนุถูุงุ
|
It's an economy that fundamentally can't run in the long term, and if we know that we have finite materials, why would we build an economy that would effectively use things up, that would create waste?
|
ููุฌุฏุช ุงูุญูุงุฉ ูุจูุงููู ุงูุณููู ูุชุฃููู
ุช ุจุงุณุชู
ุฑุงุฑ ุนูู ุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู
ุงูู
ูุงุฏ ุจููุงุกุฉ.
|
Life itself has existed for billions of years and has continually adapted to use materials effectively.
|
ุฅูู ูุธุงู
ู
ุนูุฏูุ ููู ูู ุฌููุฑู ูุง ูุญุชูู ุนูู ู
ุฎููุงุช.
|
It's a complex system, but within it, there is no waste.
|
ูู ุดูุก ูู ุนู
ููุฉ ุฃูุถ.
|
Everything is metabolized.
|
ูู ููุณ ูุธุงู
ู
ุชุณูุณู ุนูู ุงูุงุทูุงูุ ูููู ุฏุงุฆุฑู.
|
It's not a linear economy at all, but circular.
|
ูุดุนุฑุช ูุฃููู ุทููุฉ ูู ุงูุญุฏููุฉ.
|
And I felt like the child in the garden.
|
ูุฃูู ู
ุฑุฉ ูู ูุฐู ุงูุฑุญูุฉ ุงูุฌุฏูุฏุฉุ ุงุณุชุทุนุช ุฑุคูุฉ ุงูุงุชุฌุงู ุงูุฐู ูุณููู ุจูุถูุญ.
|
For the first time on this new journey, I could see exactly where we were headed.
|
ูู ุงุณุชุทุนูุง ุจูุงุก ุงูุชุตุงุฏู ูู
ููู ุงูุงูุชูุงุน ู
ู ุงูุฃุดูุงุก ุจุฏูุง ู
ู ุงุณุชูุฒุงููุงุ ุญูููุง ูู
ูููุง ุจูุงุก ู
ุณุชูุจู ููุชูุน ุจู ููุชุฑุฉ ุทูููุฉ.
|
If we could build an economy that would use things rather than use them up, we could build a future that really could work in the long term.
|
ููุช ู
ุชุญู
ุณุฉู.
|
I was excited.
|
ูุงู ูุฐุง ุดูุก ูุฌุจ ุงูุนู
ู ู
ู ุฃุฌูู.
|
This was something to work towards.
|
ูุนูู
ุจุงูุถุจุท ูุฌูุชูุง. ููู ุนูููุง ุงูุนู
ู ุนูู ุงูุฌุงุฏ ุทุฑููุฉ ูููุตููุ ูุจุงูุถุจุท ูุฐุง ู
ุง ูููุฑ ุจูุ ูุฐูู ูู
ูุง ุจุงูุดุงุก ู
ุคุณุณุฉ "ุฅููู ู
ุงูุงุฑุซ" ูู ุณุจุชู
ุจุฑ 2010.
|
We knew exactly where we were headed. We just had to work out how to get there, and it was exactly with this in mind that we created the Ellen MacArthur Foundation in September 2010.
|
ุบุฐูุชู ุงูุนุฏูุฏ ู
ู ุงูู
ุฏุงุฑุณ ุงูููุฑูุฉ ุฃููุงุฑูุง ูุฃุดุงุฑุช ููุฐุง ุงููู
ูุฐุฌ: ุงูุชูุงูู ุงูุตูุงุนู ูุงูุฃุฏุงุก ุงูุงูุชุตุงุฏ ูู
ุดุงุฑูุฉ ุงูุงูุชุตุงุฏ ูุชูููุฏ ุงูุนู
ููุงุช ุงูุญููููุฉุ ูุจุทุจูุนุฉ ุงูุญุงูุ "ุชุตู
ูู
ู
ู ุงูู
ูุฏ ุฅูู ุงูู
ูุฏ"
|
Many schools of thought fed our thinking and pointed to this model: industrial symbiosis, performance economy, sharing economy, biomimicry, and of course, cradle-to-cradle design.
|
ุชุตูู ุงูู
ูุงุฏ ุฅู
ุง ุฅูู ุชูููุฉ ุฃู ุฅูู ุจููููุฌูุฉุ ุชูุตู
ู
ุงูู
ุฎููุงุช ุจุญูุซ ุชุจูู ูู ุงูุฎุงุฑุฌ ุจุงููุงู
ู. ูููุฐุง ููุตุจุญ ูุฏููุง ูุธุงู
ูู
ูู ุฃู ูุนู
ู ุจุดูู ู
ุทูู ุนูู ุงูู
ุฏ ุงูุจุนูุฏ.
|
Materials would be defined as either technical or biological, waste would be designed out entirely, and we would have a system that could function absolutely in the long term.
|
ุญุณูุง ููู ูุจุฏู ูุฐุง ุงููุธุงู
ุ
|
So what could this economy look like?
|
ุฑุจู
ุง ูุง ูุดุชุฑู ุชุฌููุฒุงุช ุงูุฅุถุงุกุฉุ ููู ูุดุชุฑู ุฎุฏู
ุฉ ุงูุถูุก. ูุงูู
ุตูุน ูู
ููู ุญูููุง ุงุณุชุฑุฌุงุน ุงูู
ูุงุฏ ูุชุบูุฑ ุชุฌููุฒุงุช ุงูุถูุก ุนูุฏู
ุง ูููู ูุฏููุง ู
ูุชุฌุงุช ุฃูุซุฑ ููุงุกุฉ.
|
Maybe we wouldn't buy light fittings, but we'd pay for the service of light, and the manufacturers would recover the materials and change the light fittings when we had more efficient products.
|
ู
ุงุฐุง ูู ูุงู ุงูุชุบููู ุบูุฑ ุณุงู
ูู
ูููุง ุฃู ุชุฐูุจ ูู ุงูู
ุงุก ู ูุตุจุญ ุจุฅู
ูุงููุง ุดุฑุจูุ ูู ูุตุจุญ ุฃุจุฏุง ู
ุฎููุงุช.
|
What if packaging was so nontoxic it could dissolve in water and we could ultimately drink it? It would never become waste.
|
ู
ุงุฐุง ูู ูุงูุช ุงูู
ุญุฑูุงุช ูู
ูู ุฅุนุงุฏุฉ ุชุตููุนูุงุ ููุณุชุทูุน ุงุณุชุฑุฌุงุน ุงูู
ูููุงุช ูุจุฐูู ูููู ุจุดูู ูุจูุฑ ู
ู ุทูุจุงุช ุงูุทุงูุฉ.
|
What if engines were re-manufacturable, and we could recover the component materials and significantly reduce energy demand.
|
ู
ุงุฐุง ูู ุฃู
ูุงููุง ุงุณุชุฑุฌุงุน ุงูุนูุงุตุฑ ู
ู ุงูุฏูุงุฆุฑ ุงูููุฑุจุงุฆูุฉุ ูุฅุนุงุฏุฉ ุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู
ูุง ูู
ู ุซู
ูุณุชุฑุฌุน ุงูู
ูุงุฏ ุงูุฃุณุงุณูุฉ ู
ููุง ุฎูุงู ู
ุณุชูู ุซุงููุ
|
What if we could recover components from circuit boards, reutilize them, and then fundamentally recover the materials within them through a second stage?
|
ู
ุงุฐุง ูู ุฃู
ูููุง ุฌู
ุน ุจูุงูุง ุงูุฃููุ ูู
ุฎููุงุช ุงูุฅูุณุงู ุ
|
What if we could collect food waste, human waste?
|
ู
ุงุฐุง ูู ุฃู
ูููุง ุฃู ูุญูู ุฐูู ุฅูู ุณู
ุงุฏ ูุญุฑุงุฑุฉ ูุทุงูุฉ ุ ูู ุงูููุงูุฉ ูููู
ุจุฅุนุงุฏุฉ ุฑุจุท ุฃูุธู
ุฉ ุงูู
ูุงุฏ ุงูุบุฐุงุฆูุฉ ู
ุน ุจุนุถูุง ู ูุนูุฏ ุจูุงุก ุฑุฃุณ ู
ุงู ุทุจูุนู ุ
|
What if we could turn that into fertilizer, heat, energy, ultimately reconnecting nutrients systems and rebuilding natural capital?
|
ูุงูุณูุงุฑุงุช -- ู
ุง ูุญุชุงุฌู ูู ุงูุชููู ูู ุงูุฃุฑุฌุงุก.
|
And cars -- what we want is to move around.
|
ูุง ูุญุชุงุฌ ุฃู ูู
ุชูู ุงูู
ูุงุฏ ุงูู
ูููุฉ ููุง.
|
We don't need to own the materials within them.
|
ูู ูู
ูู ููุณูุงุฑุงุช ุฃู ุชููู ูุฎุฏู
ุฉ ู ุชููุฑ ููุง ุฎุฏู
ุฉ ุงูุชููู ูู ุงูู
ุณุชูุจูุ
|
Could cars become a service and provide us with mobility in the future?
|
ูู ูุฐุง ูุจุฏู ุฑุงุฆุนุงุ ููู ูุฐู ููุณุช ู
ุฌุฑุฏ ุฃููุงุฑูุ ูุฐู ุญูููุฉูุ ููุฐุง ููุจุน ูู ูุงุฌูุฉ ุงูุฅูุชุตุงุฏ ุงูุฏุงุฆุฑู .
|
All of this sounds amazing, but these aren't just ideas, they're real today, and these lie at the forefront of the circular economy.
|
ูู
ุง ููุชุธุฑูุง ูู ุฃู ููุณุนูุง ูููุดุฑูุง.
|
What lies before us is to expand them and scale them up.
|
ููู ูู
ูู ุฃู ุชูุชูู ู
ู ุงูุฎุทู ุฅูู ุงูุฏุงุฆุฑู ุ
|
So how would you shift from linear to circular?
|
ุญุณูุงุ ููุฑุช ุฃูุง ูุงููุฑูู ูู ุงูู
ุคุณุณุฉ ุฃูู ูู
ููู ุฃู ุชุนู
ู ู
ุน ุฃูุถู ุงูุฌุงู
ุนุงุช ูู ุงูุนุงูู
ุ ููุงุฏุฉ ูู ู
ุฌุงู ุงูุฃุนู
ุงู ูู ุงูุนุงูู
ุ ูุฃูุจุฑ ุงูู
ุคุชู
ุฑุงุช ูู ุงูุนุงูู
ุ ูุญุชู ู
ุน ุงูุญููู
ุงุช .
|
Well, the team and I at the foundation thought you might want to work with the top universities in the world, with leading businesses within the world, with the biggest convening platforms in the world, and with governments.
|
ูู
ุง ููุฑูุง ุฃูู ูู
ููู ุงูุนู
ู ู
ุน ุฃูุถู ุงูู
ุญูููู ูุชุทุฑุญ ุนูููู
ุฃุณุฆูุฉูุ "ูู ูู
ูู ููุงูุชุตุงุฏ ุงูุฏุงุฆุฑู ุฃู ููุตู ุงููู
ู ุนู ุงููููุฏ ุงูู
ูุฑูุถุฉ ุนูู ุงูู
ูุงุฑุฏ
|
We thought you might want to work with the best analysts and ask them the question, "Can the circular economy decouple growth from resource constraints?
|
ูู ูู
ูู ููุงูุชุตุงุฏ ุงูุฏุงุฆุฑู ุจูุงุก ุฑุฃุณ ู
ุงู ุทุจูุนู ุ
|
Is the circular economy able to rebuild natural capital?
|
ูู ูู
ูู ููุงูุชุตุงุฏ ุงูุฏุงุฆุฑู ุงุณุชุจุฏุงู ุงูููู
ุงููุงุช ุงูู
ุณุชุฎุฏู
ุฉ ูู ุงูุณู
ุงุฏุ
|
Could the circular economy replace current chemical fertilizer use?"
|
ูุงู ุงูุฌูุงุจ ุจูุนู
ุนูู ููุณุคุงู ุงูู
ุชุนูู ุจุงููุตูุ ูุฃูุถุง ูุนู
ุ ูู
ูููุง ุงุณุชุจุฏุงู ุงูุณู
ุงุฏ ุงูู
ุณุชุฎุฏู
ุจูุณุจุฉ ู
ุฐููุฉ ุจูุบุช 2.7 ู
ุฑุฉ.
|
Yes was the answer to the decoupling, but also yes, we could replace current fertilizer use by a staggering 2.7 times.
|
ููู ุฃูุซุฑ ู
ุง ุฃููู
ูู ูู ุงูุงูุชุตุงุฏ ุงูุฏุงุฆุฑู ูุฏุฑุชู ุนูู ุฅููุงู
ุงูุดุจุงุจ.
|
But what inspired me most about the circular economy was its ability to inspire young people.
|
ุนูุฏู
ุง ููุธุฑ ุงูุตุบุงุฑ ููุงูุชุตุงุฏ ุนู ุทุฑูู ุนุฏุณุฉ ู
ุฏูุฑุฉุ ูู
ูููู
ุฃู ููุธุฑูุง ููุฑุต ู
ุชุนุฏุฏุฉ ุนูู ููุณ ุงูู
ุฏู.
|
When young people see the economy through a circular lens, they see brand new opportunities on exactly the same horizon.
|
ูู
ูููู
ุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู
ุฅุจุฏุงุนูู
ู ู
ุนุฑูุชูู
ูุฅุนุงุฏุฉ ุจูุงุก ุงููุธุงู
ุจุงููุงู
ูุ ููู ู
ุชุงุญู ูู
ู ูุฑูุฏ ุฐูู ูู ุงูููุช ุงูุฑุงููุ ูููู
ุง ุงุณุฑุนูุง ุจุงููููู
ุจุฐููุ ูููู
ุง ูุงู ุฃูุถู .
|
They can use their creativity and knowledge to rebuild the entire system, and it's there for the taking right now, and the faster we do this, the better.
|
ูุฐุง ูู ูู
ูู ุฃู ูููู
ุจุฅูุฌุงุฒ ุฐูู ูู ุญูุงุชูู
ุ
|
So could we achieve this in their lifetimes?
|
ูู ูุฐุง ู
ู
ููุ
|
Is it actually possible?
|
ูุนู
ุฃุคู
ู ุจุฐูู.
|
I believe yes.
|
ุญููู
ุง ุชูุธุฑ ุญูุงุฉ ุฌุฏู ุงูุฃูุจุฑุ ุณุชุนูู
ุฃู ูู ุดูุก ู
ู
ูู.
|
When you look at the lifetime of my great-grandfather, anything's possible.
|
ุนูุฏู
ุง ููุฏุ ูุงู ููุฌุฏ 25 ุณูุงุฑุฉู ููุท ูู ุงูุนุงูู
ูุงูุช ุญูููุง ูู ุจุฏุงูุงุช ุงุฎุชุฑุงุนูุง.
|
When he was born, there were only 25 cars in the world; they had only just been invented.
|
ุนูุฏู
ุง ุฃุตุจุญ ูู 14ุ ูู
ูุง ุจุงูุชุญููู ูุฃูู ู
ุฑุฉู ูู ุงูุชุงุฑูุฎ.
|
When he was 14, we flew for the first time in history.
|
ุงูุขู ููุฌุฏ 100ุ000 ุฑุญูุฉ ุทูุฑุงู ูู ููู
.
|
Now there are 100,000 charter flights every single day.
|
ุนูุฏู
ุง ุฃุตุจุญ ุนู
ุฑู 45ุ ูู
ูุง ุจุชุฌู
ูุน ุฃูู ูู
ุจููุชุฑ.
|
When he was 45, we built the first computer.
|
ูุงู ุงููุซูุฑ ุจุฃูู ูู ููุชุดุฑุ ููู ุญุตู ุนูุณ ุฐููุ ูุจุนุฏ 20 ุณูุฉ ุญูููุง ุงููู
ุจููุชุฑ ุฅูู ุดุฑูุญุฉ ุตุบูุฑุฉ ุจุญูุซ ุณูููู ููุงู ุงูุฃูุขู ู
ููุง ูู ูุฐู ุงูุบุฑูุฉ ุงูููู
.
|
Many said it wouldn't catch on, but it did, and just 20 years later we turned it into a microchip of which there will be thousands in this room here today.
|
ูุจู ุนุดุฑ ุณููุงุช ู
ู ู
ูุชูุ ูู
ูุง ุจุชุฌู
ูุน ุฃูู ูุงุชูู ุฌูุงูู.
|
Ten years before he died, we built the first mobile phone.
|
ูู
ููู ูุงุชูุง ุฌูุงูุง ุจู
ุนูู ุงูููู
ุฉุ ููุฅู
ุงูุฉุ ูููู ุงูุขู ุฃุตุจุญ ุจุงููุนูุ ูุจุนุฏ ุฃู ูุงุฑู ุฌุฏู ุงูุญูุงุฉุ ุชู
ุงุฎุชุฑุงุน ุงูุฅูุชุฑูุช.
|
It wasn't that mobile, to be fair, but now it really is, and as my great-grandfather left this Earth, the Internet arrived.
|
ูู
ูููุง ุงูุขู ุงูููุงู
ุจุฃู ุดูุกุ ููู ุงูุฃูู
ุ ุฃุตุจุญ ูุฏููุง ุงูุขู ุฎุทุฉ.
|
Now we can do anything, but more importantly, now we have a plan.
|
ุดูุฑุง.
|
Thank you.
|
ูู ุงูุญูููุฉุ ููุช ุฃููุฑ ูู ู
ุณุชูุจูู ุงูู
ููู ู
ูุฐ ุฃู ุบุงุฏุฑุช ุงูุจูุช ุงูุฃุจูุถุ ููุณุชุญุถุฑูู ู
ุซุงู ุฑุงุฆุน ููู ูุฑุชูู ูู ู
ุฌูุฉ ูุจู ุณูุชูู
|
As a matter of fact, I was trying to think about my career since I left the White House, and the best example I have is a cartoon in The New Yorker a couple of years ago.
|
ููุงู ุงูููุฏ ููุธุฑ ุฅูู ุฃุจูู ุจุฅุนุฌุงุจ ููููู " ุฃุจู ุนูุฏู
ุง ุฃูุจุฑ ุฃุฑูุฏ ุฃู ุฃุตุจุญ ุงูุฑุฆูุณ ุงูุฃุณุจู".
|
This little boy is looking up at his father, and he says, "Daddy, when I grow up, I want to be a former president."
|
ูู ุงููุงูุนุ ูุงูุช ู
ููุนุฉ ูุจูุฑุฉ ูู ุฃู ุฃุนู
ู ุฑุฆูุณุง ุงุณุจู ูุฃููู ุงุณุชุทุนุช ุงููุตูู ููุซูุฑ ู
ู ุงูุฃู
ุงูู ูู
ูุญุธู ุจูุง ุณูู ุงููููู ู
ู ุงููุงุณ ูู ูุฐุง ุงูุนุงูู
ูุงูุชุนุฑู ุนูู ูุซูุฑ ู
ู ุงููุงุณ ูู ูุฐุง ุงูุนุงูู
ุงููุจูุฑ.
|
Well, I have had a great blessing as a former president, because I have had an access that very few other people in the world have ever had to get to know so many people around this whole universe.
|
ู ูุณุชู ุนูู ู
ุนุฑูุฉ ููุท ุจุงูุฎู
ุณูู ููุงูุฉ ูู ุฃู
ุฑููุงุ ููููู ูู
ุช ู
ุน ุฒูุฌุชู ุจุฒูุงุฑุฉ ุฃูุซุฑ ู
ู 145 ุจูุฏุง ูู ูุฐุง ุงูุนุงูู
. ููุงู ูุฏู ู
ุฑูุฒ ุจุฑุงู
ุฌ ูู ุฃูุซุฑ ู
ู 80 ุจูุฏ ุญูู ุงูุนุงูู
.
|
Not only am I familiar with the 50 states in the United States, but also my wife and I have visited more than 145 countries in the world, and the Carter Center has had full-time programs in 80 nations on Earth.
|
ููู ูุซูุฑ ู
ู ุงูุฃุญูุงู ุนูุฏู
ุง ููุง ูุฒูุฑ ุจูุฏุง ู
ุง ููุง ูุงูุฒูุฑ ุงูุฑุคุณุงุก ูุงูู
ููู ูุญุณุจ ุจู ููุง ููุชูู ุจุงููุฑูููู ุงูุฐูู ููุทููู ุงูู
ูุงุทู ุงููุงุฆูุฉ ูู ุฅูุฑูููุงุ
|
And a lot of times, when we go into a country, we not only the meet the king or the president, but we also meet the villagers who live in the most remote areas of Africa.
|
ููุงู ุงูุชุฒุงู
ูุง ูู ู
ุฑูุฒ ูุงุฑุชุฑ ุจุดูู ุนุงู
ูู ุงูุชุฑููุฌ ูุญููู ุงูุฅูุณุงู ูู
ุนุฑูุฉ ุงูุนุงูู
ูู
ุง ูุฌุจ ููู
ูููู ุฅุฎุจุงุฑูู
ุจุดูุงููุฉ ุฃู ุฃุณูุฃ ุงูุชูุงู ูู ุงูุนุงูู
ูุญููู ุงูุฅูุณุงู ูู ุงูุชูุงู ุญููู ุงููุณุงุก ูุงููุชูุงุช ูุงูุบุฑูุจ ูู ุนุฏู
ุงูุชุทุฑู ูุฐูู ุจุดูู ูุจูุฑ.
|
So our overall commitment at the Carter Center is to promote human rights, and knowing the world as I do, I can tell you without any equivocation that the number one abuse of human rights on Earth is, strangely, not addressed quite often, is the abuse of women and girls.
|
ูุณุฃุจุฏุฃ ุจุฐูุฑ ุณุจุจูู ููุฐุง ุงูุดูุก
|
There are a couple of reasons for this that I'll mention to begin with.
|
ุฃููุงูุ ุฅุณุงุกุฉ ููู
ุงููุตูุต ุงูุฏูููุฉ ุงูู
ูุฏุณุฉ ู
ุซู ุงูุฅูุฌูู ูุงูุนูุฏ ุงููุฏูู
ูุงูุฌุฏูุฏ ูุงููุฑุขู. ููุฐู ุงูุชูุงุณูุฑ ุงูุฎุงุทุฆุฉ ูุงู
ุจูุง ุฑุฌุงู ู
ุชุญูู
ูู ุจุงูู
ุนุงุจุฏ ูุงูููุงุฆุณ ูุงูู
ุณุงุฌุฏ.
|
First of all is the misinterpretation of religious scriptures, holy scriptures, in the Bible, Old Testament, New Testament, Quran and so forth, and these have been misinterpreted by men who are now in the ascendant positions in the synagogues and the churches and in the mosques.
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ููููู
ูู ุจุชูุณูุฑ ูุฐู ุงูุชุนููู
ุงุช ุญุชู ูุฌุนููุง ุงูู
ุฑุฃุฉ ูู ู
ูุงูุฉ ุซุงูููุฉ ุจุดูู ุฅุนุชูุงุฏู ู
ูุงุฑูุฉู ู
ุน ุงูุฑุฌุงู ู
ู ุฎูุงู ูุธุฑุฉ ุฏูููุฉ.
|
And they interpret these rules to make sure that women are ordinarily relegated to a secondary position compared to men in the eyes of God.
|
ูุฐู ู
ุดููู ุฎุทูุฑุฉ ูู
ูุชู
ุงูุชุทุฑู ููุง ุจุดูู ูุงูู.
|
This is a very serious problem. It's ordinarily not addressed.
|
ููุจู ุนุฏุฉ ุณููู ููู ุณูุฉ 2000 ุชุญุฏูุฏุงู ููุช ูุฏ ุนู
ูุช ู
ูุนูู
ูุฏูุงููู ูู
ุฏุฉ 70 ุณูุฉ ูู ุงููููุณุฉ ุงูู
ุนู
ุฏุงููุฉ ุงูุฌููุจูุฉ ูุฃูุฏ ุฃู ุฃุนูู
ูู
ุฃูู ู
ุงุฒูุช ุฃูุนูู
ูู ููู
ุฃุญุฏุ ูุณุฃููู
ุจุงูุชุนููู
ุงูุฃุญุฏ ุงููุงุฏู
ุฃูุถุงู. ูููู ูุฑุฑ ู
ุคุชู
ุฑ ุงููููุณุฉ ุงูู
ุนู
ุฏุงููุฉ ุงูุฌููุจูุฉ ูู ุณูุฉ 2000ุ ุฃู ุนูู ุงููุณุงุก ูุนุจ ุฃุฏูุงุฑ ุซุงูููุฉ ู
ูุงุฑูุฉู ู
ุน ุงูุฑุฌุงู.
|
A number of years ago, in the year 2000, I had been a Baptist, a Southern Baptist for 70 years -- I tell you, I still teach Sunday school every Sunday; I'll be teaching this Sunday as well -- but the Southern Baptist Convention in the year 2000 decided that women should play a secondary position, a subservient position to men.
|
ููุฏ ุฃุตุฏุฑูุง ูุฑุงุฑูุ ูู
ูุน ุงูู
ุฑุฃุฉ ู
ู ุฃู ุชุตุจุญ ูุณูุณุฉ ูู ุงููููุณุฉ ุฃู ุญุชู ูู ุงูุฌูุด. ูุฅุฐุง ูุงูุช ุงูู
ุฑุฃุฉ ุชูุนูู
ูู ูุตู ุฏุฑุงุณู ููุงู ูู ู
ุฑูุฒ ุชุนููู
ู ุชุงุจุน ูููููุณุฉ ุ ูุง ูุญู ููุง ุงูุชุนููู
ุฅุฐุง ูุงู ููุงู ููุฏ ูู ุงููุตู. ูุฃูู ุชุฌุฏ ุขูุฉ ูู ุงูุฃูุฌูู ุญูู ุฐูู. ููุฌุฏ ุฃูุซุฑ ู
ู 3000 ุขูุฉ ุญูู ุฐูู ูู ุงูุฅูุฌููุ ุชููู ุฃู ุงูู
ุฑุฃุฉ ูุงูุญู ููุง ุชุนููู
ุงูุฑุฌุงู ูููุฐุง.
|
So they issued an edict, in effect, that prevents women from being priests, pastors, deacons in the church, or chaplains in the military, and if a woman teaches a classroom in a Southern Baptist seminary, they cannot teach if a boy is in the room, because you can find verses in the Bible, there's over 30,000 verses in the Bible, that say that a woman shouldn't teach a man, and so forth.
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ููู ุงูู
ุดููุฉ ุงูุฃุณุงุณูุฉ ูู ุฅุณุงุกุฉ ููู
ุงููุตูุต ุงูุฏูููุฉุ ููู
ุญุงูุธุฉ ุนูู ุงูุฑุฌุงู ุจู
ูุงูุฉ ุฃุนูู.
|
But the basic thing is the scriptures are misinterpreted to keep men in an ascendant position.
|
ููุฐู ู
ุดููุฉ ูุจูุฑุฉ ุญูุงู. ูุฃูู ุจุฅู
ูุงู ุงูุฑุฌุงู ุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู
ุงูููุฉ ูู ุฐูู ูุฅุฐุง ุฃุฑุงุฏ ุงูุฑุฌู ุฃู ุตุงุญุจ ุงูุนู
ู ุบุด ุงูู
ุฑุฃุฉ ู
ุซูุงู ุณูููููู ุฅุฐุง ูุงุช ุงูู
ุฑุฃุฉ ูุง ูุญู ููุง ุฃู ุชุชุณุงูู ู
ุน ุงูุฑุฌู ุนูุฏ ุงูููุ ููู
ุง ูุนุงู
ููุง ุจุงูู
ุซูุ
|
That is an all-pervasive problem, because men can exert that power and if an abusive husband or an employer, for instance, wants to cheat women, they can say that if women are not equal in the eyes of God, why should I treat them as equals myself?
|
ูู
ู ูุฏูุน ูููุณุงุก ููุณ ุงูุฃุฌุฑ ู
ู ุฃุฌู ููุณ ุงูุนู
ูุ
|
Why should I pay them equal pay for doing the same kind of work?
|
ูุงูู
ูุณุฏุฉ ุงูุฃุฎุทุฑ ููุง ุงูุชู ุชุณุจุจ ูุฐู ุงูู
ุดููุฉ ูู ุงููุฌูุก ุฅูู ุงูุนูู ุจุดูู ู
ุชุฒุงูุฏ ููุฐุง ูุฒุฏุงุฏ ุจุดูู ู
ุฎูู ุญูู ุงูุนุงูู
.
|
The other very serious blight that causes this problem is the excessive resort to violence, and that is increasing tremendously around the world.
|
ูู ุงูููุงูุงุช ุงูู
ุชุญุฏุฉ ุนูู ุณุจูู ุงูู
ุซุงูุ ูุงู ููุงู ุชุฒุงูุฏ ูุจูุฑ ูู ุงุณุชุบูุงู ุงูููุฑุงุก ูุฎุงุตุฉู ุงูุณูุฏ ูุงูุฃูููุงุช ู
ู ุฎูุงู ูุถุนูู
ูู ุงูุณุฌูู.
|
In the United States of America, for instance, we have had an enormous increase in abuse of poor people, mostly black people and minorities, by putting them in prison.
|
ูุนูุฏู
ุง ููุช ูู ู
ูุตุจ ุญุงูู
ุ ูุงู ููุงู ูุงุญุฏ ู
ู ุฃูู ุฃู
ุฑููู ูู ุงูุณุฌู.
|
When I was in office as governor of Georgia, one out of every 1,000 Americans were in prison.
|
ููู ุงูููู
ูุฏููุง 7.3 ู
ู ุฃูู ูู ุงูุณุฌู
|
Nowadays, 7.3 people per 1,000 are in prison.
|
ุชูู ุฒูุงุฏุฉ ุจู
ูุฏุงุฑ ุณุจุนุฉ ุฃุถุนุงู.
|
That's a sevenfold increase.
|
ูู
ูุฐ ู
ุบุงุฏุฑุชู ููุจูุช ุงูุฃุจูุถุ ุฃุถุญู ูุฏููุง ุฒูุงุฏุฉ 800% ู
ู ุงูุณุฌููุงุช ู
ู ุงููุณุงุก ุงูุณูุฏ.
|
And since I left the White House, there's been an 800 percent increase in the number of women who are black who are in prison.
|
ููุฏููุง ุฃูุถุงู ูุฏููุฉ ู
ู ุถู
ู ุงููููู ู
ู ุฏูู ุงูุนุงูู
ุนููุจุฉ ุงูุฅุนุฏุงู
ูู ูุฐู ุงูุฏููุฉ ุงูู
ุชูุฏู
ุฉ.
|
We also have [one of the only countries] on Earth that still has the death penalty that is a developed country.
|
ูููุน ุจูู ุฃูุซุฑ ุงูุฏูู ูู ุงูุชูุงู ุญููู ุงูุฅูุณุงู ูู ูู ุงูู
ุนุงููุฑ ู
ู ุญูุซ ุงูุชุดุฌูุน ุนูู ุนููุจุฉ ุงูุฅุนุฏุงู
.
|
And we rank right alongside the countries that are most abusive in all elements of human rights in encouraging the death penalty.
|
ู
ุงุฒููุง ูู ุงูุขู ููุฏ ุฅูุชุดูุช ู
ูุฐ ุฒู
ู ูุฑูุจ ุฃู ุตุฑูุช ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ ู
ููุงุฑุงุช ุฏููุงุฑ ูู ุงูุญูู
ุนูู 13 ุดุฎุต ุจุนููุจุฉ ุงูุฅุนุฏุงู
.
|
We're in California now, and I figured out the other day that California has spent four billion dollars in convicting 13 people for the death penalty.
|
ุฅุฆุง ูู
ุช ุจุญุณุงุจ ุฐูู ูุฅู ููุงูุฉ ุชุชููู 307 ู
ูููู ุฏููุงุฑ ู
ู ุฃุฌู ุชูููุฐ ุญูู
ุฅุนุฏุงู
ูู ุญู ุดุฎุต ูุงุญุฏ.
|
If you add that up, that's 307 million dollars it costs California to send a person to be executed.
|
ููุฏ ูุงู
ุช ููุงูุฉ ุจุฅุตุฏุงุฑ ูุงููู ูุฅูุบุงุก ุนููุจุฉ ุงูุฅุนุฏุงู
ูุฐุง ุงูุฃุณุจูุนุ ูุฃููุง ู
ูููุฉ ุฌุฏุงู. ูุฐุง ูุฅู ุงููุฌูุก ุฅุงูู ุงูุนูู ูุงุณุชุบูุงู ุงูููุฑุงุก ู ุงูุถุนูุงุก ูู ุณุจุจ ุขุฎุฑ ูุฅุณุชุบูุงู ุงูู
ุฑุฃุฉ.
|
Nebraska this week just passed a law abolishing the death penalty, because it costs so much. So the resort to violence and abuse of poor people and helpless people is another cause of the increase in abuse of women.
|
ุฏุนููู ููุง ุฃุณุชุนุฑุถ ุจุนุถ ุฃููุงุน ุงูุฅุณุชุบูุงู ุจุญู ุงููุณุงุก ุงูุชู ุชููููู ุญูุงูุ ูุณุฃุญุงูู ุงุฎุชุตุงุฑ ุฐูู ุจุณุจุจ ุถูู ุงูููุชุ ูู
ุง ุชุนูู
ูู
|
Let me just go down a very few abuses of women that concern me most, and I'll be fairly brief, because I have a limited amount of time, as you know.
|
ุฃููุงูุ ุชุดููู ุงูุฃุนุถุงุก ุงูุชูุงุณููุฉ ููุฅูุงุซ ุฃู ุงูุฎุชุงู.
|
One is genital mutilation.
|
ุงูุฎุชุงู ุดูุก ู
ุฑูุนุ ูููู ุบูุฑ ู
ุนุฑูู ูููุณุงุก ูู ุงูููุงูุงุช ุงูู
ุชุญุฏุฉ. ูููู ูู ูุซูุฑ ู
ู ุงูุฏููุ ููู ู
ุฑุญูุฉ ุฃูููุฉ ู
ู ุนู
ุฑ ุงููุชูุงุชุ ูููู
ูู ุจุนู
ููุฉ ุงูุฎุชุงู ููู
ุจู
ุง ูุณู
ู ุงููุงุทุน ุงูุญุงุฏุ ู
ูุตูู ุจุดูุฑุฉ ุญุงุฏุฉ ูู
ู ุบูุฑ ุชุนููู
ุ ูููู
ูู ุจุฃุฒุงูุฉ ุงูุฃุฌุฒุงุก ุงูุฎุงุฑุฌูุฉ ููุฃุนุถุงุก ุงูุชูุงุณููุฉ ุนูุฏ ุงููุชุงุฉ.
|
Genital mutilation is horrible and not known by American women, but in some countries, many countries, when a child is born that's a girl, very soon in her life, her genitals are completely cut away by a so-called cutter who has a razor blade and, in a non-sterilized way, they remove the exterior parts of a woman's genitalia.
|
ููู ุญุงูุงุช ููููุฉ ูุบุฑูุจุฉุ ูููู
ูู ุจุฎูุงุทุฉ ูุชุญุฉ ุงูู
ูุจู ุจุญูุซ ุชุชู
ูู ุงููุชุงุฉ ู
ู ุงูุชุจูู ู ุงูุญูุถ ุงูุดูุฑู ููุทุ
|
And sometimes, in more extreme cases but not very rare cases, they sew the orifice up so the girl can just urinate or menstruate.
|
ูุนูุฏู
ุง ุชุชุฒูุฌ ูุณุชุฎุฏู
ูู ููุณ ุงููุงุทุน ู
ู ุฃุฌู ูุชุญ ุงูู
ูุจู ุจุญูุซ ุชุชู
ูู ุงููุชุงุฉ ู
ู ู
ู
ุงุฑุณุฉ ุงูุฌูุณ.
|
And then later, when she gets married, the same cutter goes in and opens the orifice up so she can have sex.
|
ููุฐุง ููุณ ุจุดูุกู ูุงุฏุฑ ู
ุน ุฃูู ุถุฏ ุงููุงููู ูู ู
ุนุธู
ุงูุจูุฏุงู.
|
This is not a rare thing, although it's against the law in most countries.
|
ูู ู
ุตุฑ ุนูู ุณุจูู ุงูู
ุซุงูุ 91% ู
ู ุงูุฅูุงุซ ุงูููู
ููุงูุ ุชู
ุฎุชุงููู
ุจููุณ ุงูุทุฑููุฉ.
|
In Egypt, for instance, 91 percent of all the females that live in Egypt today have been sexually mutilated in that way.
|
ููู ุจุนุถ ุงูุจูุฏุงู ููุฌุฏ ุฃูุซุฑ ู
ู 98% ู
ู ุงููุณุงุกุ ุชู
ุฎุชุงููู
ูุจู ูุตูููู
ุณู ุงูุจููุบ.
|
In some countries, it's more than 98 percent of the women are cut that way before they reach maturity.
|
ุฅูู ุดูุกู ู
ุญุฒู ูุนูุงูุ ู
ุง ูุญุฏุซ ูููุณุงุก ูู ุชูู ุงูุจูุฏุงู.
|
This is a horrible affliction on all women that live in those countries.
|
ูููุงู ุดูุก ุขุฎุฑ ู
ุฎูู ูู "ูุชู ุงูุดุฑู". ูููุง ูููู ูุฏู ุงูุนุงุฆูุฉ ุณูุก ููู
ุนู ุงููุตูุต ุงูุฏูููุฉ. ุญูุซ ุฃูู ูุงููุฌุฏ ุดูุก ูู ุงููุฑุขู ูุชุจูู ูุชู ูุชุงุฉ ู
ู ูุจู ุนุงุฆูุชูุง. ุฅุฐุง ู
ุงูุงูุช ุชูู ุงููุชุงุฉ ู
ุบุชุตุจุฉ ุฃู ุชุฒูุฌุช ุฑุฌู ุฏูู ู
ูุงููุฉ ุฃุจููุง ูุฃุญูุงูุงู ุญุชู ุฎุฑูุฌูุง ุจู
ูุงุจุณ ุบูุฑ ู
ูุจููุฉ.
|
Another very serious thing is honor killings, where a family with misinterpretation, again, of a holy scripture -- there's nothing in the Quran that mandates this -- will execute a girl in their family if she is raped or if she marries a man that her father does not approve, or sometimes even if she wears inappropriate clothing.
|
ููุชู
ูุฐุง ุงูุนู
ู ู
ู ูุจู ุฃุญุฏ ุฃูุฑุงุฏ ุนุงุฆูุชูุงุ ูุชุชุญูู ุนุงุฆูุชูุง ุฅูู ูุชูุฉ ุฅุฐุง ู
ุงูุงู
ุช ุชูู ุงููุชุงุฉ ุจุฅุญุถุงุฑ ู
ุงูุณู
ู "ุงูุนุงุฑ" ุฅูู ุนุงุฆูุชูุง.
|
And this is done by members of her own family, so the family becomes murderers when the girl brings so-called disgrace to the family.
|
ููุงู ููุงู ุชุญููู ุฃุฌุฑู ูู ู
ุตุฑ ู
ู ูุจู ุงูุฃู
ู
ุงูู
ุชุญุฏุฉ ู
ูุฐ ูุชุฑุฉ ูุตูุฑุฉุ ููุถุญ ุฃู 75% ู
ู ุญุงูุงุช ุงููุชู ูููุชูุงุช ูุฐู ูุงู
ุจูุง ุงูุฃุจ ุฃู ุงูุนู
ุฃู ุงูุฃุฎุ ูููู 25% ู
ู ุญุงูุงุช ุงููุชู ูุงู
ุจูุง ูุณุงุก.
|
An analysis was done in Egypt not so long ago by the United Nations and it showed that 75 percent of these murders of a girl are perpetrated by the father, the uncle or the brother, but 25 percent of the murders are conducted by women.
|
ู
ุดููุฉ ุฃุฎุฑู ูู ูุฐุง ุงูุนุงูู
ุ ุชุฎุต ุงููุณุงุก ูู ุงูุนุจูุฏูุฉ ุฃู ุงูุชุฌุงุฑุฉ ุจุงูุจุดุฑ ุจุญุณุจ ุงูุชุณู
ูุฉ ุงูุญุฏูุซุฉ.
|
Another problem that we have in the world that relates to women particularly is slavery, or human trafficking it's called nowadays.
|
ููุงู ูุฏ ุจูุน 12.5 ู
ูููู ุดุฎุต ูู ุฅูุฑูููุง ูุนุจูุฏ ูู ุงููุฑู ุงูุชุงุณุน ุนุดุฑ ูุงูุซุงู
ู ุนุดุฑ ู
ู ุงูุนุตุฑ ุงูุญุฏูุซ.
|
There were about 12.5 million people sold from Africa into slavery in the New World back in the 19th century and the 18th century.
|
ุงูุขู ููุฌุฏ 30 ู
ูููู ุดุฎุต ูุนูุดูู ูู ุงูุนุจูุฏูุฉ.
|
There are 30 million people now living in slavery.
|
ูููููุช ูุฒุงุฑุฉ ุงูุฎุงุฑุฌูุฉ ุงูุฃู
ุฑูููุฉ ู
ู ูุจู ุงููููุบุฑุณ ุจุฅุตุฏุงุฑ ุชูุฑูุฑ ุณููู ุนู ูุฐุง ุงูุดูุกุ ููุดูุฑ ุชูุฑูุฑ ุงูุฎุงุฑุฌูุฉ ุงูุฃู
ุฑูููุฉ ุฅูู ุฃู 800 ุฃูู ุดุฎุต ูุชู
ุจูุนูู
ุณูููุงู ุนุจุฑ ุงูุญุฏูุฏ ุงูุฏูููุฉ ูุนุจูุฏุ ูุฃู 80% ู
ููู
ูู
ูุณุงุกุ ู
ู ุฃุฌู ุงูุนุจูุฏูุฉ ุงูุฌูุณูุฉ.
|
The United States Department of State now has a mandate from Congress to give a report every year, and the State Department reports that 800,000 people are sold across international borders every year into slavery, and that 80 percent of those sold are women, into sexual slavery.
|
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