ar
stringlengths
1
490
en
stringlengths
1
514
ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู† ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ุงุณุชุนุฏุงุฏ ู…ู† ู‚ุจู„ ุงู„ู…ุณุชุซู…ุฑูŠู† ู„ุชู…ูˆูŠู„ ุงู„ุนุฌุฒ ููŠ ู…ูŠุฒุงู†ูŠุฉ ุญูƒูˆู…ุฉ ุงู„ูˆู„ุงูŠุงุช ุงู„ู…ุชุญุฏุฉุŒ ู„ู…ุงุฐุง ู„ุง ู†ุฌุฏ ู…ุณุชุซู…ุฑูŠู† ุฑุงุบุจูŠู† ููŠ ุชู…ูˆูŠู„ ุนุฌุฒ ุงู„ุตู‘ุญุงูุฉ ุงู„ุญุฑู‘ุฉุŸ
If there are investors willing to finance U.S. government budget deficit, why wouldn't we find investors willing to finance press freedom deficit?
ู„ู‚ุฏ ู‚ุฑุฑู†ุง ุงู† ู†ูุนู„ ุฐู„ูƒ ููŠ ุฎุฑูŠู ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุนุงู…ุŒ ุณูˆู ู†ู‚ูˆู… ุจุฅุตุฏุงุฑู‡ุงุŒ ุฑุจู…ุง ู…ู† ูุฆุฉ 1000 ุฏูˆู„ุงุฑ.
We've decided to do it this fall; we will issue them, probably in denominations of 1,000 dollars.
ุฃู†ุง ู„ุง ุฃู‚ุตุฏ ุฃู† ุฃู‚ูˆู… ุจุญู…ู„ุฉ ุฏุนุงุฆูŠู‘ุฉุŒ ู„ูŠุณ ู‡ุฐุง ุจูŠุช ุงู„ู‚ุตูŠุฏ.
I don't want to advertise them too much; that's not the point.
ู„ูƒู† ุจูŠุช ุงู„ู‚ุตูŠุฏ ู‡ูˆุŒ ุฅุฐุง ุชู…ูƒู‘ู†ุง ู…ู† ุงู„ุจู‚ุงุก ุนู„ู‰ ู‚ูŠุฏ ุงู„ุญูŠุงุฉ ุญุชู‘ู‰ ูˆู‚ุช ุฅุตุฏุงุฑู‡ุงุŒ ูˆุงู„ุญุตูˆู„ ุนู„ู‰ ู…ุง ูŠูƒููŠ ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ุณุชุซู…ุฑูŠู† ู„ุฅุนุชุจุงุฑ ู‡ุฐุง ู†ุฌุงุญุงุŒ ูู„ู† ูŠู…ู†ุน ุดูŠุก ุงู„ู…ู†ุธู…ุงุช ุงู„ู…ู‚ุจู„ุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ุจุฏุก ููŠ ุฅุตุฏุงุฑ ุณู†ุฏุงุช ููŠ ุงู„ุฑู‘ุจูŠุน ุงู„ู…ู‚ุจู„.
But the point is, if we ever survive to actually issue them, find enough investors that this can be considered a success, there's nothing stopping the next organization to start to issue bonds next spring.
ูˆูŠู…ูƒู† ุฃู† ุชูƒูˆู† ุชู„ูƒ ุณู†ุฏุงุช ุจูŠุฆูŠู‘ุฉ.
And those can be environmental bonds.
ุซู… ูˆุจุนุฏ ุฐู„ูƒ ุจุฃุณุจูˆุนูŠู†ุŒ ุณูŠูƒูˆู† ุจุฅู…ูƒุงู† ุฅู‚ุจุงู„ ู‚ุฏูŠุฑ ุฃู† ูŠูุตุฏุฑ ุณู†ุฏุงุช ุงู„ูƒู‡ุฑุจุงุก ููŠ ุจู†ุบู„ุงุฏูŠุด.
And then two weeks later, Iqbal Quadir can issue his electricity in Bangladesh bonds.
ูˆู‚ุจู„ ุฃู† ุชูƒูˆู† ุนู„ู‰ ุนู„ู…ุŒ ูŠู…ูƒู† ู„ุฃูŠู‘ ู‚ุถูŠู‘ุฉ ุฅุฌุชู…ุงุนูŠู‘ุฉ ุฃู† ุชูู…ูˆู‘ู„ ุนู„ู‰ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู†ุญูˆ.
And before you know it, any social cause can be actually financed in this way.
ู†ุญู† ุงู„ุขู† ู†ู‚ูˆู… ุจุฃุญู„ุงู… ูŠู‚ุธุฉ ุนู†ุฏ 11:30 ุฃูŠ ู‚ุจู„ 55 ุซุงู†ูŠุฉ ู…ู† ู†ู‡ุงูŠุฉ ุงู„ุญุฏูŠุซ.
Now we do daydreaming in 11:30 with 55 seconds left.
ูˆู„ูƒู† ุฏุนูˆู†ุง ู†ุฃุฎุฐ ุงู„ููƒุฑุฉ ู„ู…ุง ุฃุจุนุฏ.
But let's take the idea further.
ุชู‚ูˆู… ุจุฐู„ูƒุŒ ุชุจุฏุฃ ููŠ ุงู„ูˆู„ุงูŠุงุช ุงู„ู…ุชุญุฏุฉุŒ ู„ุฃู†ู‘ู‡ุงุŒ ุชุนู„ู…ูˆู†ุŒ ุงู„ู…ูุงู‡ูŠู… ู‚ุฑูŠุจุฉ ุฌุฏุง ู…ู† ู†ู…ุท ุงู„ุชู‘ููƒูŠุฑ ุงู„ุฃู…ูŠุฑูƒูŠ.
You do it, you start it in the States, because it's, you know, concepts are very, very close to American minds.
ูˆู„ูƒู† ูŠู…ูƒู†ูƒ ุชุตุฏูŠุฑ ุฐู„ูƒ ุฅู„ู‰ ุฃูˆุฑูˆุจุง ุฃูŠุถุง.
But you can actually bring it to Europe, too.
ูŠู…ูƒู†ูƒ ุชุตุฏูŠุฑู‡ ุฅู„ู‰ ุขุณูŠุง.
You can bring it to Asia.
ูŠู…ูƒู†ูƒุŒ ูˆุจู…ุฌุฑุฏ ุงู„ุงู†ุชู‡ุงุก ู…ู† ูƒู„ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู†ู‚ุงุท ุงู„ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉุŒ ูŠู…ูƒู†ูƒ ุฃู† ุชุฌุนู„ ุงู„ุฃู…ุฑ ุฃูƒุซุฑ ุณู‡ูˆู„ุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู…ุณุชุซู…ุฑูŠู†.
You can, once you have all of those different points, you can make it easy for investors.
ู‚ู… ุจุชุฌู…ูŠุน ูƒู„ ุชู„ูƒ ุงู„ุณู‘ู†ุฏุงุช ููŠ ู…ูƒุงู† ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆุงุฌู„ุณ ุซู…ู‘ ุงู†ุชุธุฑ.
Put all of those bonds at one place and they sit down and click.
ูˆุจู…ุฌุฑุฏ ุงู„ุญุตูˆู„ ุนู„ู‰ ุฃูƒุซุฑ ู…ู† ุนุดุฑุฉ ู…ู†ู‡ู… ุณูŠูƒูˆู† ุนู„ูŠูƒ ุชุทูˆูŠุฑ ู…ุตููˆูุฉ.
Once you have more than 10 of them you have to develop some kind of a matrix.
ู…ุงู„ุฐูŠ ุญุตู„ ุนู„ูŠู‡ ุงู„ู…ุณุชุซู…ุฑูˆู†ุŸ
What do investors get?
ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฌุงู†ุจ ุงู„ุฃูˆู‘ู„ ุฑุจุญ ู…ุงู„ูŠู‘ุŒ ูˆุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฌุงู†ุจ ุงู„ุขุฎุฑ ู‚ูŠู…ุฉ ุฅุฌุชู…ุงุนูŠู‘ุฉ.
On one side financial, on the other side social.
ู‡ุฐุง ูŠุฃุชูŠ ุจููƒุฑุฉ ูˆูƒุงู„ุฉ ุชู‚ูŠูŠู…ุŒ ุนู„ู‰ ุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉ "ู…ูˆุฑู†ูŠู†ุบุณุชุงุฑ".
So that brings the idea of some kind of rating agency, Morningstar type.
ู…ู† ุงู„ู†ู‘ุงุญูŠุฉ ุงู„ุงุฌุชู…ุงุนูŠู‘ุฉ ูุฅู†ู‘ ุฃุซุฑู‡ุง ู…ุฐู‡ู„ุŒ ู…ู† ูุฆุฉ ุฎู…ุณุฉ ู†ุฌูˆู….
It says, you know, social impact over here is spectacular, five stars.
ูˆุฃู…ู‘ุง ู…ู† ุงู„ู†ู‘ุงุญูŠุฉ ุงู„ู…ุงู„ูŠู‘ุฉ ูู‡ูŠ ุชุนุทูŠูƒ ูˆุงุญุฏ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุฆุฉุŒ ู†ุฌู…ุฉ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ูู‚ุท.
Financial, they give you one percent, only one star.
ุงู„ุขู† ูˆุจุงู„ูˆุตูˆู„ ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฎุทูˆุฉ ุงู„ุฃุฎูŠุฑุฉ.
Now take it to the last step.
ูˆุจู…ุฌุฑุฏ ุงู„ุงู†ุชู‡ุงุก ู…ู† ุชุฌู…ูŠุน ูƒู„ ุฐู„ูƒ ู…ุนุงุŒ ู„ูŠุณ ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ุณุจุจ ูˆุงุญุฏ ู„ุนุฏู… ุงู„ุญุตูˆู„ ุนู„ู‰ ุณูˆู‚ ุชุฌุงุฑูŠู‘ุฉ ูŠุฌู…ุน ูƒู„ ุฐู„ูƒ ุญูŠุซ ูŠู…ูƒู†ูƒ ุชุณูˆูŠู‚ ูƒู„ ุชู„ูƒ ุงู„ุณู‘ู†ุฏุงุช ุจุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉ ุณุฑูŠุนุฉ ุฌุฏุง.
Once you have all of that put together, there's not one reason why you couldn't actually have a marketplace for all of that, where you cannot dispose of all of those bonds in a pretty quick way.
ูˆุจู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉ ูŠู…ูƒู†ูƒ ุชู†ุธูŠู… ุนู…ู„ูŠู‘ุฉ ุงู„ุชู…ูˆูŠู„ ูˆู„ุฐู„ูƒ ู„ุง ูŠูƒูˆู† ู‡ู†ุงู„ูƒ ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ู„ุบุฑู ู…ุธู„ู…ุฉุŒ ูˆู„ุง ู„ุฃุดุฎุงุต ู…ูƒููˆููŠู† ูŠุฑูƒุถูˆู† ู‡ู†ุง ูˆ ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ู…ุญุงูˆู„ูŠู† ุงู„ุนุซูˆุฑ ุนู„ู‰ ุจุนุถู‡ู… ุงู„ุจุนุถ.
And in that way you organize the financing so there are no dark rooms, no blind people running around to find each other.
ุดูƒุฑุง ู„ูƒู….
Thank you.
ุงู†ุง ุงุนู…ู„ ู…ุน ู†ูˆุน ูŠุฏุนู‰ ุจูˆู†ูˆุจูˆ.
I work with a species called "Bonobo."
ูˆุฃู†ุง ุณุนูŠุฏุฉ ู…ุนุธู… ุงู„ูˆู‚ุชุŒ ู„ุฃู†ูŠ ุฃุนุชู‚ุฏ ุฃู†ู‡ุง ุฃุณุนุฏ ู…ุฎู„ูˆู‚ุงุช ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ูƒูˆูƒุจ.
And I'm happy most of the time, because I think this is the happiest species on the planet.
ุงู†ู‡ ุฐู„ูƒ ุงู„ู†ูˆุน ู…ู† ุงู„ุณุฑ ุงู„ุฐูŠ ุชู… ูƒุชู…ู‡.
It's kind of a well-kept secret.
ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุฃู†ูˆุงุน ุชุนูŠุด ูู‚ุท ููŠ ุงู„ูƒูˆู†ุบูˆ.
This species lives only in the Congo.
ูˆู„ุง ุชุชูˆุงุฌุฏ ููŠ ุญุฏุงุฆู‚ ุญูŠูˆุงู†ุงุช ูƒุซูŠุฑุฉุŒ ุจุณุจุจ ุณู„ูˆูƒู‡ู… ุงู„ุฌู†ุณูŠ.
And they're not in too many zoos, because of their sexual behavior.
ูู‡ูˆ ุฃู‚ุฑุจ ูƒุซูŠุฑุง ู„ุณู„ูˆูƒ ุงู„ุฅู†ุณุงู† ุงู„ุฌู†ุณูŠ ู„ูƒูŠ ูŠุดุนุฑ ู…ุนุธู…ู†ุง ุจุงู„ุฑุงุญุฉ ู„ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุฃู…ุฑ.
Their sexual behavior is too human-like for most of us to be comfortable with.
ูˆู„ูƒู† -- ุญู‚ูŠู‚ุฉุŒ ู„ุฏูŠู‡ู… ุงู„ูƒุซูŠุฑ ู…ู…ุง ูŠู…ูƒู†ู†ุง ุงู† ู†ุชุนู„ู…ู‡ ู…ู†ู‡ู…ุŒ ู„ุงู†ู‡ู… ู…ุฌุชู…ุน ู…ุณุงูˆุงุฉ ูˆุญู†ูˆู† ุฌุฏุง.
But -- actually, we have a lot to learn from them, because they're a very egalitarian society and they're a very empathetic society.
ุณู„ูˆูƒู‡ู… ุงู„ุฌู†ุณูŠ ู„ูŠุณ ู…ุฌุฑุฏ ุฌุงู†ุจ ูˆุงุญุฏ ู…ู† ุฌูˆุงู†ุจ ุญูŠุงุชู‡ู… ูˆุงู„ุฐูŠ ูŠู…ูƒู† ูˆุถุนู‡ ุฌุงู†ุจุง.
And sexual behavior is not confined to one aspect of their life that they sort of set aside.
ุงู†ู‡ ูŠุชุฎู„ู„ ูƒู„ ุฌูˆุงู†ุจ ุญูŠุงุชู‡ู….
It permeates their entire life.
ูˆูŠุณุชุฎุฏู… ููŠ ุงู„ุชูˆุงุตู„.
And it's used for communication.
ูˆููŠ ุญู„ ุงู„ู†ุฒุงุนุงุช.
And it's used for conflict resolution.
ูˆุฃุนุชู‚ุฏ ุงู†ู‡ ุฑุจู…ุง ููŠ ูˆู‚ุช ู…ุง ู…ู† ุชุงุฑูŠุฎู†ุงุŒ ู†ูˆุนุง ู…ุง ู‚ุฏ ู‚ุณู…ู†ุง ุญูŠุงุชู†ุง ู„ุฃุฌุฒุงุก ูƒุซูŠุฑุฉ.
And I think perhaps somewhere in our history we sort of, divided our lives up into lots of parts.
ู‚ุณู…ู†ุง ุนุงู„ู…ู†ุง ู„ูุฆุงุช ูƒุซูŠุฑุฉ.
We divided our world up with lots of categories.
ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ูƒู„ ุดูŠุก ู„ู‡ ู…ูƒุงู†ู‡ ุงู„ู…ู†ุงุณุจ.
And so everything sort of has a place that it has to fit.
ูˆู„ูƒู†ูŠ ู„ุง ุฃุนุชู‚ุฏ ุงู†ู†ุง ูƒู†ุง ู‡ูƒุฐุง ููŠ ุงู„ุจุฏุงูŠุฉ.
But I don't think that we were that way initially.
ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ุงู„ูƒุซูŠุฑูˆู† ุงู„ุฐูŠู† ูŠุนุชู‚ุฏูˆู† ุงู† ุนุงู„ู… ุงู„ุญูŠูˆุงู† ู…ูƒุงู† ุตุนุจ ุฏุฎูˆู„ู‡ ูˆุฃู† ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ุดูŠุก ู…ู…ูŠุฒ ุฌุฏุง ุฌุฏุง ุจุฎุตูˆุต ุงู„ุฅู†ุณุงู†.
There are many people who think that the animal world is hard-wired and that there's something very, very special about man.
ุฑุจู…ุง ู‚ุฏุฑุชู‡ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุชููƒูŠุฑ ุงู„ุณุจุจูŠ.
Maybe it's his ability to have causal thought.
ุฑุจู…ุง ู‡ูˆ ุดูŠุก ู…ู…ูŠุฒ ููŠ ู…ุฎู‡ ูŠุฌุนู„ู‡ ูŠุณุชุทูŠุน ุชุญุฏุซ ุงู„ู„ุบุฉ
Maybe it's something special in his brain that allows him to have language.
ุฑุจู…ุง ู‡ูˆ ุดูŠุก ู…ู…ูŠุฒ ููŠ ู…ุฎู‡ ูŠุฌุนู„ู‡ ูŠุณุชุทูŠุน ุตู†ุน ุงู„ุฃุฏูˆุงุช ูˆูู‡ู… ุงู„ุฑูŠุงุถูŠุงุช.
Maybe it's something special in his brain that allows him to make tools or to have mathematics.
ุญุณู†ุงุŒ ุฃู†ุง ู„ุง ุฃุนุฑู. ูƒุงู† ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ุจุดุฑ ููŠ ุชุณู…ุงู†ูŠุง ุฃูƒุชุดููˆุง ููŠ ุงู„ู‚ุฑู† ุงู„ุณุงุจุน ุนุดุฑ ูˆู„ู… ูŠูƒู† ู„ุฏูŠู‡ู… ู†ุงุฑ.
Well, I don't know. There were Tasmanians who were discovered around the 1600s and they had no fire.
ู„ู… ูŠูƒู† ู„ุฏูŠู‡ู… ุฃุฏูˆุงุช ุญุฌุฑูŠุฉ.
They had no stone tools.
ุญุณุจ ู…ุนุฑูุชู†ุง ู„ู… ูŠูƒู† ู„ุฏูŠู‡ู… ู…ูˆุณูŠู‚ู‰.
To our knowledge they had no music.
ูˆู„ุฐุง ูุฅู†ู†ุง ุนู†ุฏู…ุง ู†ู‚ุงุฑู†ู‡ู… ุจุงู„ุจูˆู†ูˆุจูˆุŒ ุงู„ุจูˆู†ูˆุจูˆ ุงูƒุซุฑ ุดุนุฑุง ู‚ู„ูŠู„ุง.
So when you compare them to the Bonobo, the Bonobo is a little hairier.
ู„ุง ูŠู‚ู ุจุตูˆุฑุฉ ู…ุณุชู‚ูŠู…ุฉ ุชู…ุงู…ุง.
He doesn't stand quite as upright.
ูˆู„ูƒู† ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ุงู„ูƒุซูŠุฑ ู…ู† ุงู„ุชุดุงุจู‡.
But there are a lot of similarities.
ูˆุฃู†ุง ุงุนุชู‚ุฏ ุงู†ู‡ ุฅุฐุง ู†ุธุฑู†ุง ู„ู…ูู‡ูˆู… ุงู„ุซู‚ุงูุงุชุŒ ุณู†ูู‡ู… ู†ูˆุนุง ู…ุง ูƒูŠู ูˆุตู„ู†ุง ู„ู…ุง ู†ุญู† ุนู„ูŠู‡.
And I think that as we look at culture, we kind of come to understand how we got to where we are.
ูˆุฃู†ุง ู„ุง ุฃุนุชู‚ุฏ ุฃู†ู‡ ุดูŠุก ููŠ ุชุฑูƒูŠุจู†ุง ุงู„ุญูŠูˆูŠุŒ ุฃุนุชู‚ุฏ ุฃู†ู†ุง ู‚ู…ู†ุง ุจุฒุฑุนู‡ ููŠ ุชุฑูƒูŠุจู†ุง ุงู„ุญูŠูˆูŠุŒ ูˆู„ูƒู†ูŠ ู„ุง ุฃุนุชู‚ุฏ ุงู†ู‡ ูƒุงู† ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุง ุฃุตู„ุง.
And I don't really think it's in our biology; I think we've attributed it to our biology, but I don't really think it's there.
ูˆุงู† ู…ุง ุณุฃูุนู„ู‡ ุงู„ุขู† ู‡ูˆ ุฃู†ูŠ ุณุฃุนุฑููƒู… ุนู„ู‰ ู…ุฎู„ูˆู‚ุงุช ุชุฏุนู‰ ุจูˆู†ูˆุจูˆ.
So what I want to do now is introduce you to a species called the Bonobo.
ู‡ุฐุง ูƒุงู†ุฒูŠ.
This is Kanzi.
ู‡ูˆ ู…ู† ุงู„ุจูˆู†ูˆุจูˆ.
He's a Bonobo.
ุญุงู„ูŠุงุŒ ู‡ูˆ ูŠุนูŠุด ููŠ ุบุงุจุฉ ููŠ ุฌูˆุฑุฌูŠุง.
Right now, he's in a forest in Georgia.
ุฃู…ู‡ ุฌุงุกุช ุฃุตู„ุง ู…ู† ุบุงุจุฉ ููŠ ุฃูุฑูŠู‚ูŠุง.
His mother originally came from a forest in Africa.
ูˆู‚ุฏ ุฌุงุกุช ุงู„ูŠู†ุง ููŠ ุจุฏุงูŠุงุช ุณู† ุจู„ูˆุบู‡ุง. ูƒุงู† ุนู…ุฑู‡ุง ุญูˆุงู„ูŠ ุณุช ุฃูˆ ุณุจุน ุณู†ูˆุงุช.
And she came to us when she was just at puberty, about six or seven years of age.
ู‡ู†ุง ูŠูˆุฌุฏ ู‡ูŠูƒู„ ุจูˆู†ูˆุจูˆ ุนู„ู‰ ูŠู…ูŠู†ูƒู…ุŒ ูˆุดู…ุจุงู†ุฒูŠ ุนู„ู‰ ุดู…ุงู„ูƒู….
Now this shows a Bonobo on your right, and a chimpanzee on your left.
ู…ู† ุงู„ูˆุงุถุญ ุฃู† ุงู„ุดู…ุจุงู†ุฒูŠ ูŠูˆุงุฌู‡ ุตุนูˆุจุฉ ุจุนุถ ุงู„ุดูŠุก ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุดูŠ.
Clearly, the chimpanzee has a little bit harder time of walking.
ุงู„ุจูˆู†ูˆุจูˆุŒ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฑุบู… ู…ู† ู‚ุตุฑู‡ู… ุจุงู„ู†ุณุจุฉ ุฅู„ูŠู†ุงุŒ ูˆุฃูŠุฏูŠู‡ู… ุงู„ุทูˆูŠู„ุฉุŒ ูˆู„ูƒู†ู‡ู… ุฃูƒุซุฑ ุฃุณุชู‚ุงู…ุฉุŒ ู…ุซู„ู†ุง ุชู…ุงู…ุง.
The Bonobo, although shorter than us and their arms still longer, is more upright, just as we are.
ู‡ุฐุง ูŠูˆุถุญ ุงู„ุจูˆู†ูˆุจูˆ ู…ู‚ุงุฑู†ุฉ ู…ุน ุฃุณุชุฑุงู„ูˆุจูŠุซูŠู† ู…ุซู„ ู„ูˆุณูŠ.
This shows the Bonobo compared to an australopithecine like Lucy.
ูƒู…ุง ุชุฑูˆู† ู„ุง ูŠูˆุฌุฏ ุงู„ูƒุซูŠุฑ ู…ู† ุงู„ูุฑูˆู‚ุŒ ุจูŠู† ุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉ ู…ุดูŠ ุงู„ุจูˆู†ูˆุจูˆ ูˆุงู„ุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉ ุงู„ุชูŠ ู‚ุฏ ูŠู…ูƒู† ุฃู† ูŠู…ุดูŠ ุจู‡ุง ุงู„ุฃุณุชุฑุงู„ูˆุจูŠุซูŠู†.
As you can see, there's not a lot of difference between the way a Bonobo walks and the way an early australopithecine would have walked.
ูˆ ุนู†ุฏู…ุง ูŠุณุชุฏูŠุฑูˆู† ุจุงุชุฌุงู‡ู†ุงุŒ ุณุชุฑูˆู† ุฃู† ู…ู†ุทู‚ุฉ ุงู„ุญูˆุถ ููŠ ุงู„ุฃุณุชุฑุงู„ูˆุจูŠุซูŠู† ุงู„ุจุฏุงุฆูŠ ู…ุณุทุญุฉ ู‚ู„ูŠู„ุง ูˆู„ุง ุชุญุชุงุฌ ุงู† ุชุฏูŠุฑู‡ุง ู…ู† ุฌุงู†ุจ ู„ุฌุงู†ุจ ูƒุซูŠุฑุง.
As they turn toward us you'll see that the pelvic area of early australopithecines is a little flatter and doesn't have to rotate quite so much from side to side.
ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ูุฃู† ุงู„ู…ุดูŠ ุซู†ุงุฆูŠ ุงู„ุฃุทุฑุงู ุฃูƒุซุฑ ุณู‡ูˆู„ุฉ.
So the -- the bipedal gait is a little easier.
ูˆุงู„ุฃู† ุณู†ุฑู‰ ุงู„ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ.
And now we see all four.
ููŠุฏูŠูˆ: ุงู„ุจูˆู†ูˆุจูˆ ุงู„ุจุฑูŠุฉ ุชุนูŠุด ููŠ ูˆุณุท ุฃูุฑูŠู‚ูŠุงุŒ ููŠ ุงู„ุบุงุจุฉ ู…ุญุงุทุฉ ุฏุงุฆุฑูŠุง ุจู†ู‡ุฑ ุงู„ูƒูˆู†ุบูˆ.
Video: Narrator: The wild Bonobo lives in central Africa, in the jungle encircled by the Congo River.
ุงู„ุฃุดุฌุงุฑ ุงู„ูƒุงู†ูˆุจูŠุฉ ุงู„ูƒุซูŠูุฉุŒ ุทูˆู„ู‡ุง 40 ู…ุชุฑุŒ 130 ู‚ุฏู…ุŒ ุชู†ู…ูˆ ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ุจูƒุซุงูุฉ.
Canopied trees as tall as 40 meters, 130 feet, grow densely in the area.
ูƒุงู†ุช ุนุงู„ู…ุฉ ูŠุงุจุงู†ูŠุฉ ุงูˆู„ ู…ู† ู‚ุงู… ุจุฏุฑุงุณุฉ ู…ูŠุฏุงู†ูŠุฉ ุญู‚ูŠู‚ูŠุฉ ุญูˆู„ ุงู„ุจูˆู†ูˆุจูˆุŒ ู…ู†ุฐ ุซู„ุงุซุฉ ุนู‚ูˆุฏ ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุง.
It was a Japanese scientist who first undertook serious field studies of the Bonobo, almost three decades ago.
ุงู„ุจูˆู†ูˆุจูˆ ุฐุงุช ุจู†ูŠุฉ ุฃุตุบุฑ ู‚ู„ูŠู„ุง ู…ู† ุงู„ุดู…ุจุงู†ุฒูŠ.
Bonobos are built slightly smaller than the chimpanzee.
ุฃุฌุณุงู…ู‡ุง ู†ุญูŠู„ุฉุŒ ุงู„ุจูˆู†ูˆุจูˆ ุจุญูƒู… ุทุจูŠุนุชู‡ุง ูƒุงุฆู†ุงุช ู„ุทูŠูุฉ ุฌุฏุง.
Slim-bodied, Bonobos are by nature very gentle creatures.
ุฏุฑุงุณุงุช ุทูˆูŠู„ุฉ ูˆุฏู‚ูŠู‚ุฉ ุฃูƒุชุดูุช ุฃุดูŠุงุก ูƒุซูŠุฑุฉ ุนู†ู‡ู….
Long and careful studies have reported many new findings on them.
ู…ุซู„ุง ุฃู† ุงู„ุจูˆู†ูˆุจูˆ ุงู„ุจุฑูŠุฉ ุบุงู„ุจุง ู…ุง ูŠู…ุดูˆู† ุนู„ู‰ ู‚ุฏู…ูŠู† ูู‚ุท.
One discovery was that wild Bonobos often walk bidpedally.
ูˆุฃูŠุถุงุŒ ูŠู…ูƒู†ู‡ู… ุฃู† ูŠู…ุดูˆุง ุจุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉ ู…ุณุชู‚ูŠู…ุฉ ู„ู…ุณุงูุงุช ุทูˆูŠู„ุฉ.
What's more, they are able to walk upright for long distances.
ู„ู†ุฐู‡ุจ ู†ู„ู‚ูŠ ุงู„ุชุญูŠุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุฃูˆุณุชูŠู†ุŒ ูˆู…ู† ุจุนุฏู‡ุง ู„ู„ุฎูŠู…ุฉ.
Susan Savage-Rumbaugh : Let's go say hello to Austin first and then go to the A frame.
ุณูˆุฒุงู†: ู‡ุฐุง ู‡ูˆ ุฃู†ุง ูˆูƒุงู†ุฒูŠ ููŠ ุงู„ุบุงุจุฉ.
SS: This is Kanzi and I, in the forest.
ู„ุง ุดูŠุก ู…ู…ุง ุณุชุฑูˆู†ู‡ ููŠ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ููŠุฏูŠูˆ ุชู… ุงู„ุชุฏุฑุจ ุนู„ูŠู‡ ู…ุณุจู‚ุง.
None of the things you will see in this particular video are trained.
ู„ุง ูŠูˆุฌุฏ ุฃูŠ ุฎุฏุน.
None of them are tricks.
ุชู… ุชุตูˆูŠุฑู‡ู… ุจุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉ ุนููˆูŠุฉ. ุจูˆุงุณุทุฉ ู‡ูŠุฆุฉ ุงู„ุฃุฐุงุนุฉ ุงู„ูŠุงุจุงู†ูŠุฉ.
They all happened to be captured on film spontaneously, by NHK of Japan.
ู„ุฏูŠู†ุง ุซู…ุงู†ูŠุฉ ุจูˆู†ูˆุจูˆ.
We have eight Bonobos.
ููŠุฏูŠูˆ: ุฃู†ุธุฑ ู„ูƒู„ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุฃุดูŠุงุก ุงู„ุชูŠ ู„ุฏูŠู†ุง ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุนุณูƒุฑ.
Video: Look at all this stuff that's here for our campfire.
ุณูˆุฒุงู†: ุนุงุฆู„ุฉ ูƒุงู…ู„ุฉ ุชุนูŠุด ููŠ ู…ุฑูƒุฒ ุฃุจุญุงุซู†ุง.
SS: An entire family at our research centre.
ููŠุฏูŠูˆ: ู‡ู„ ุณุชุณุงุนุฏู†ูŠ ููŠ ุฌู„ุจ ุจุนุถ ุงู„ุญุทุจุŸ
Video: You going to help get some sticks?
ุฌูŠุฏ.
Good.
ู†ุญุชุงุฌ ู„ู„ู…ุฒูŠุฏ ู…ู† ุงู„ุญุทุจ.
We need more sticks, too.
ู„ุฏูŠ ู‚ุฏุงุญุฉ ููŠ ุฌูŠุจูŠ ุฅุฐุง ูƒู†ุช ุชุญุชุงุฌ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ.
I have a lighter in my pocket if you need one.
ู‡ุฐุง ุนุด ุฒู†ุงุจูŠุฑ.
That's a wasps' nest.
ูŠู…ูƒู†ูƒ ุฅุฎุฑุงุฌู‡ุง.
You can get it out.
ุฃุฑุฌูˆ ุฃู† ูŠูƒูˆู† ู„ุฏูŠ ู‚ุฏุงุญุฉ.
I hope I have a lighter.
ูŠู…ูƒู†ูƒ ุฅุดุนุงู„ ุงู„ู†ุงุฑ ุจุงู„ู‚ุฏุงุญุฉ.
You can use the lighter to start the fire.
ุณูˆุฒุงู†: ูƒุงู†ุฒูŠ ู…ู‡ุชู… ุฌุฏุง ุจุงู„ู†ุงุฑ.
SS: So Kanzi is very interested in fire.
ู„ุง ูŠู…ูƒู†ู‡ ุฅุดุนุงู„ู‡ุง ุจุฏูˆู† ู‚ุฏุงุญุฉ ุจุนุฏุŒ ูˆู„ูƒู†ูŠ ุฃุนุชู‚ุฏ ุฃู†ู‡ ุฅุฐุง ุฑุขู‰ ุงุญุฏู‡ู… ูŠูุนู„ู‡ุงุŒ ูุณูŠู…ูƒู†ู‡ -- ุฅุดุนุงู„ ุงู„ู†ุงุฑ ุจุฏูˆู† ู‚ุฏุงุญุฉ.
He doesn't do it yet without a lighter, but I think if he saw someone do it, he might be able to do -- make a fire without a lighter.
ุฅู†ู‡ ูŠุชุนู„ู… ูƒูŠููŠุฉ ุงู„ุฅุจู‚ุงุก ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู†ุงุฑ ู…ุดุชุนู„ุฉ.
He's learning about how to keep a fire going.
ูŠุชุนู„ู… ุฅุณุชุฎุฏุงู…ุงุช ุงู„ู†ุงุฑุŒ ูู‚ุท ุจู…ุดุงู‡ุฏุฉ ู…ุงุฐุง ู†ูุนู„ ู†ุญู† ุจู‡ุง.
He's learning the uses for a fire, just by watching what we do with fire.
ู‡ุฐู‡ ุฅุจุชุณุงู…ุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ูˆุฌู‡ ุจูˆู†ูˆุจูˆ.
This is a smile on the face of a Bonobo.
ู‡ุฐู‡ ุฃุตูˆุงุช ุณุนุงุฏุฉ.
These are happy vocalizations.
ููŠุฏูŠูˆ: ุฃู†ุช ุณุนูŠุฏ.
Video: You're happy.
ุฃู†ุช ุณุนูŠุฏ ุฌุฏุง ุจุฎุตูˆุต ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุฌุฒุก.
You're very happy about this part.
ูŠุฌุจ ุนู„ูŠูƒ ูˆุถุน ุจุนุถ ุงู„ู…ุงุก ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู†ุงุฑ. ุฃุชุฑู‰ ุงู„ู…ุงุกุŸ
You've got to put some water on the fire. You see the water?
ุนู…ู„ ุฌูŠุฏ.
Good job.
ุณูˆุฒุงู†: ู„ู‚ุฏ ู†ุณูŠุช ุงู† ุฃุบู„ู‚ ุงู„ุฌุฒุก ุงู„ุฎู„ููŠ ู…ู† ุญู‚ูŠุจุฉ ุธู‡ุฑู‡.
SS: Forgot to zip up the back half of his backpack.