rasdani/cohere-wikipedia-2023-11-en · Datasets at Hugging Face

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20231101.en_13203382_0	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schlagsdorf	Schlagsdorf	Schlagsdorf is a municipality in the Nordwestmecklenburg district, in Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Germany.
20231101.en_13203384_0	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%81VAG%20H%C3%A9ja	MÁVAG Héja	The MÁVAG Héja ("Hawk") was a Hungarian fighter aircraft of World War II based on the Italian Reggiane Re.2000. The 70 Re.2000s delivered from Italy were converted into MÁVAG Héja Is by being fitted with Hungarian-built Weiss Manfréd WM K-14 engines, armor for the pilot, an additional fuel tank, and being modified in various other ways. The MÁVAG Héja II was an entirely Hungarian-made fighter developed from the Héja I, but with even more changes, including replacing the Italian machine guns with better Hungarian ones and installing a more powerful Hungarian engine.
20231101.en_13203384_1	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%81VAG%20H%C3%A9ja	MÁVAG Héja	204 Héja IIs were built by MÁVAG for the Royal Hungarian Air Force (Magyar Királyi Honvéd Légierő, MKHL). Héjas were used in operations against the Soviet Union alongside German units and in the defense of Hungary.
20231101.en_13203384_2	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%81VAG%20H%C3%A9ja	MÁVAG Héja	Even before the war started, German leaders were reluctant to supply German aircraft to the Royal Hungarian Air Force (Magyar Királyi Honvéd Légierő, MKHL), which was seen to be focused on home defense and the possibility of conflict with neighboring Romania. Furthermore, the deliveries of German aircraft went primarily to front-line formations rather than to home defense units. Moreover, Adolf Hitler held a bad opinion of the Hungarian aviators, expressing this view in early 1942 when Hungary issued another request for German-built fighters. "They would not use the single-seaters against the enemy but just for pleasure flights!... What the Hungarians have achieved in the aviation field to date is more than paltry. If I am going to give some aircraft, then rather to the Croats, who have proved they have an offensive spirit. To date, we have experienced only fiascos with the Hungarians." So, the Hungarian Air Force (MKHL) obtained much of their aircraft from Italy instead. This would change in October 1942, from which point the Germans would give the Hungarians modern German aircraft and their licenses.
20231101.en_13203384_3	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%81VAG%20H%C3%A9ja	MÁVAG Héja	On 27 December 1939, seventy Reggiane Re.2000 fighters were purchased from Italy. These were delivered to the Magyar Királyi Állami Vas-, Acél- és Gépgyárak, ("Royal Hungarian State Iron, Steel and Machine Works"), where they were modified into MÁVAG Héja I ("Hawk I") fighters. The original Italian Piaggio P.XI engines were replaced by Hungarian Weiss Manfréd WM K-14 engines driving Hamilton Standard three-bladed, constant-speed propellers instead. The WM K-14 was a licensed derivative of the French Gnome-Rhône 14K engine that necessitated a 1-foot 3-inch (~40 cm) lengthening of the Héja's forward fuselage to restore the center of gravity to a safe position. The Héja I also had armor for the pilot, an additional 100 L fuel tank (in the fuselage, self-sealing), a radio, and other changes differentiating it from the Re.2000. The Piaggio P.XI engine itself was also a derivative of the Gnome-Rhône 14K, but it was less reliable than the original.
20231101.en_13203384_4	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%81VAG%20H%C3%A9ja	MÁVAG Héja	However, the aircraft also suffered from a number of drawbacks. The Re.2000s received by Hungary had faulty throttles, machine guns that often jammed or were misaligned, canopy panels that fell out during flight, and wing skin damage. These issues led to one aircraft being lost but were eventually corrected. The wing fuel tanks of the Re.2000s received by Hungary were poorly sealed, with many of them leaking. When these Re.2000s were modified into Héja Is, the wing fuel tanks were left unchanged, so this issue remained, and many flew with constantly leaking fuel tanks. On the Héja II, the larger (often leaking) fuel tanks in the wings were replaced with 22 smaller 20-25 L ones, therefore increasing the manufacturing complexity and weight of the aircraft. Surprisingly, the fuel tank changes noticeably improved the fighter's stability by reducing fuel sloshing in the tank. Yaw stability was poor and the Héja I's predisposition to sideslip was very dangerous at low altitude (it killed István Horthy), moreover the subsequent mass increase of the Héja II worsened this issue.
20231101.en_13203384_5	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%81VAG%20H%C3%A9ja	MÁVAG Héja	A decision was soon made to produce an improved, domestic version of the Héja I in Hungary. This new aircraft became the MÁVAG Héja II ("Hawk II"). The Héja II was entirely Hungarian with locally produced airframes, engines and armament, which was changed to twin Gebauer 1940.M GKM (Gebauer Motorgéppuska 1940.Minta GKM) engine-driven machine guns in the upper cowling with 300 rounds per gun (rpg). These were significantly better than the original Italian 12.7 mm Breda-SAFAT machine guns, as they had a higher rate of fire, a higher muzzle velocity, and were more reliable. The MÁVAG Héja II retained some of the changes from the Héja I and also had a newer, more powerful (1085 hp) Hungarian engine – the WM K-14B, a redesigned cowling, 22 smaller fuel tanks, a larger Hungarian-made Weiss Manfréd propeller, and more changes further differentiating it from the Re.2000. The first production MÁVAG Héja II took to the air on 30 October 1942. A further 203 Héja IIs were built by MÁVAG for the Royal Hungarian Air Force, with the last aircraft being completed on 1 August 1944. According to other sources, between 170 and 203 Héja IIs were constructed.
20231101.en_13203384_6	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%81VAG%20H%C3%A9ja	MÁVAG Héja	The Gebauer machine guns are very complicated but advanced vehicle mounted Hungarian machine guns, usually with very high rates of fire. The Gebauer machine guns were designed by Ferenc Gebauer and produced by Danuvia Engineering Industries Rt. The 12.7 mm Gebauer 1940.M GKM is a gas-operated, engine-driven heavy machine gun chambered for 12.7×81mmSR [it] as used by the Italian 12.7 mm Breda-SAFAT heavy machine gun. Synchronized with the propeller, it is installed in pairs in the upper cowling. These guns had a fast rate of fire of 1,000 rounds per minute each. The 1940.M GKM has a muzzle velocity of 800 m/s and is belt fed with 600 rounds for the two guns, giving it 300 rounds per gun (rpg). This machine gun is engine-driven; the crankshaft of the aircraft's engine rotates a number of gears inside the machine gun with the assistance of a crank. The bolt is connected to another crankshaft, which rotates when a locking lever is depressed when the gun fires.
20231101.en_13203384_7	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%81VAG%20H%C3%A9ja	MÁVAG Héja	The Kingdom of Hungary was an ally of Nazi Germany during World War II, with at least one Hungarian squadron flying the MÁVAG Héja I in combat on the Eastern Front. MÁVAG Héja IIs were not used on the Eastern Front; instead, Héja IIs operated inside Hungary in an air defense role, intercepting bombers or as advanced trainers.
20231101.en_13203384_8	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%81VAG%20H%C3%A9ja	MÁVAG Héja	When introduced, the modern Héja was an upgrade over the fighters that Hungary was operating, but eventually, it was replaced by the Bf 109 (F-4 and G variants) when Germany gave Hungary access to them. From October 1942 until the end of the war, Hungarian pilots flew Bf 109s – both those supplied by Germany and those that were license produced in Hungary. The Bf 109 became Hungary's main fighter and bore the brunt of the fighting, while Héjas remained as reserves and trainers.
20231101.en_13203384_9	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%81VAG%20H%C3%A9ja	MÁVAG Héja	MÁVAG Héja Is were first sent to Debrecen to strengthen home defenses, as there was a danger that the growing crisis over Transylvania could lead to a conflict with Romania. However, conflict was avoided, and the Héja Is were used on the Eastern Front in the war against the Soviet Union.
20231101.en_13203384_10	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%81VAG%20H%C3%A9ja	MÁVAG Héja	The first seven MÁVAG Héja Is were sent to the Eastern Front on an experimental basis during the summer/autumn of 1941. Flying alongside the Fiat CR.32s of 1/3 Fighter Company, the Héja I pilots claimed eight kills for one loss during three months of combat against the Soviet Air Force. In the summer of 1942, the Hungarian Air Force contributed with its 1st Repülőcsoport (aviation detachment) to the German offensive Fall Blau. 1/1 Fighter Group (1./I Vadász Osztály), equipped with 13 Héja Is, reached its first front base near Kursk on 2 July. By 3 August, 2/1 FS joined the other Hungarian fighter unit that had moved to Ilovskoye airfield. The task of 2/1 was to escort short-range reconnaissance aircraft, while 1/1 would support bombing missions.
20231101.en_13203384_11	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%81VAG%20H%C3%A9ja	MÁVAG Héja	Combat performance against the Soviet Air Force was satisfactory. On 4 August, the Hungarians claimed their first kills, when Ens Vajda shot down two enemy aircraft. The first Hungarian ace of the war, 2/Lt Imre Pánczél, claimed his first air victories while flying the Héja I, three of them in one sortie, in 1942.
20231101.en_13203384_12	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%81VAG%20H%C3%A9ja	MÁVAG Héja	The Héja Is had their most successful day on 9 August 1942. That day, near the village of Davidovka, 16 Ilyushin Il-2s and a similar number of LaGG-3s were intercepted by four Héja Is. The Hungarians downed four LaGGs, suffering the loss of the Héja I of Lt Takács, who crash-landed behind his own lines, wounded.
20231101.en_13203384_13	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%81VAG%20H%C3%A9ja	MÁVAG Héja	However, the Héja I's flight characteristics were markedly different from the Fiat CR.32, from which Hungarian pilots frequently converted. The Héja I was much more prone to handling difficulties, especially stalls and spins, as well as reliability issues. All of the 24 Héja Is had suffered accidents (minor and major) within a month of combat deployment.
20231101.en_13203384_14	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%81VAG%20H%C3%A9ja	MÁVAG Héja	Landing and takeoff accidents were common on the rudimentary Soviet airfields due to the Héja I's unchanged landing gear inherited from the Re.2000. The Re.2000's landing gear was not as rugged and sturdy as the CR.32's gear. After a steel plate was added behind the cockpit for the protection of the pilots, the shift in the aircraft's center of gravity led to more frequent accidents. On 20 August 1942, tragedy struck the Hungarian Regent Miklós Horthy, when 37-year-old István Horthy, Horthy's eldest son, Deputy Regent of Hungary and a Flight Lieutenant in the reserves, was killed in a crash while flying Héja I V.421 with 1/3 Fighter Squadron of the Royal Hungarian Air Force near Ilovskoye. István was very popular in Hungary, was pro-Western, was opposed to the Holocaust and often publicly criticized Nazism, despite Hungary being a part of the Axis. In a highly publicized accident, 1/Lt István Horthy, serving as a fighter pilot with the Hungarian Second Army, died flying his Héja I on 20 (on 18, according to other authors) August 1942, on his 25th operational sortie. Shortly after takeoff, a pilot flying above asked István Horthy to increase his altitude, he pulled up too suddenly, stalled and crashed. According to other sources, his aircraft entered a flat spin after he made a turn at low speed to fly in close formation with a He 46 reconnaissance aircraft. Some were convinced that the Germans had sabotaged his aircraft.
20231101.en_13203384_15	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%81VAG%20H%C3%A9ja	MÁVAG Héja	Nevertheless, the determined Hungarian pilots kept on flying combat missions with the Héja I and scoring a number of kills against Soviet aircraft. When they managed to force their Soviet opponents into a dogfight, thanks to the great maneuverability of the Héja, the Hungarian pilots were often successful.
20231101.en_13203384_16	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%81VAG%20H%C3%A9ja	MÁVAG Héja	The Héja Is flew their last sorties on the Soviet front on 14 and 15 January 1943, when they took off for uneventful patrols and reconnaissance missions. Between 16 and 19 January, with the Red Army rapidly approaching Ilovskoye airfield, and with no time to heat the engines' frozen oil, mechanics were forced to blow up the last unserviceable Héja Is.
20231101.en_13203384_17	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%81VAG%20H%C3%A9ja	MÁVAG Héja	The surviving Héjas were kept in Hungary for home defense. Production of Héja IIs in Hungary continued until August 1944: 98 were completed in 1943 and 72 in 1944, although the aircraft was regarded as no longer suitable for combat against the latest Soviet fighters and was mostly used as a fighter trainer. Hungary requested that an additional 50–100 Re.2000 airframes be manufactured in Italy, as suitable engines and armament could be locally manufactured; additionally, other countries expressed interest, including Finland (100 examples), Portugal (50), Spain, Switzerland and Yugoslavia. However, no airframes were available by then.
20231101.en_13203384_18	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%81VAG%20H%C3%A9ja	MÁVAG Héja	By April 1944, the MKHL still deployed four Héja IIs in 1/1 Fighter squadron and four Héja IIs in 1/2, all of them based in Szolnok for home defense duties, along with about 40 Bf 109s and Messerschmitt Me 210s.
20231101.en_13203384_19	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%81VAG%20H%C3%A9ja	MÁVAG Héja	On 2 April 1944, 180 bombers from the USAAF 15th Air Force, escorted by 170 fighters, bombed the Danube Aircraft Works and other targets in Budapest. The Hungarian Fighter Control Center on Gellért hill, near Budapest, scrambled one wing of Héjas from 1/1 Fighter squadron, along with 12 Bf 109 Gs and a couple of Messerschmitt Me 210 Ca-1s from the Experimental Air Force Institute (Repülő Kísérleti Intézet, RKI). The Hungarian pilots claimed 11 American aircraft downed, of which six were confirmed, while American pilots claimed 27 Hungarian aircraft shot down. However, later records showed only two Hungarian pilots were killed.
20231101.en_13203384_20	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%81VAG%20H%C3%A9ja	MÁVAG Héja	On 13 April 1944, Budapest was attacked by 15th Air Force bombers, accompanied by P-38s from the 1st Fighter Group, led by Lieutenant Alford. Pilots of the P-38s reported the downing of two Re.2001s to the west of Lake Balaton, which were actually MÁVAG Héja IIs. The Americans only damaged one of them.
20231101.en_13203384_21	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%81VAG%20H%C3%A9ja	MÁVAG Héja	As the situation for the Axis worsened, American and British bombing raids on Hungarian factories and infrastructure became common and many unfinished Héja IIs were destroyed, having never left the factory. Material shortages also hit Hungary hard, causing many complete Héja IIs to be grounded. A lack of spare parts also meant that many Héja IIs would just have to idly wait for these instead of being used in combat. During the last months of 1944, the 101/6 Training Squadron of the famous 101st Home Air Defence Fighter Wing "Pumas" had six flying Héja IIs. The last official report mentioning Héja IIs was dated 22 February 1945. It concerned a Héja II that crashed during a training flight.
20231101.en_13203384_22	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%81VAG%20H%C3%A9ja	MÁVAG Héja	Hungarian modified version of the Re.2000. The MÁVAG Héja I had a Hungarian engine, a different propeller, armor for the pilot, an additional 100 L fuel tank (in the fuselage, self-sealing), a radio, a lengthened fuselage, and other changes differentiating it from the Re.2000.
20231101.en_13203384_23	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%81VAG%20H%C3%A9ja	MÁVAG Héja	Entirely Hungarian-produced fighter based on the Re.2000, but heavily modified. The Héja II kept some of the modifications from the Héja I, but also had two better Hungarian 12.7 mm Gebauer 1940.M GKM machine guns with 300 rpg rather than two Italian 12.7 mm Breda-SAFAT machine guns. These Hungarian machine guns had a much higher rate of fire of 1000 rpm and a bit better muzzle velocity at 800 m/s when compared to the Italian machine guns. On top of these changes, the Héja II also had a newer, more powerful Hungarian engine – the WM K-14B, a redesigned cowling, smaller fuel tanks in the wings (22 × 20-25 L ones), a larger Hungarian-made Weiss Manfréd propeller, and more changes. 204 Héja IIs were built.
20231101.en_13203384_24	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%81VAG%20H%C3%A9ja	MÁVAG Héja	MÁVAG Héja II modified with underwing dive brakes powered by Bosch electric motors, a dive-bombing sight, and a centerline bomb rack that could carry either a 250 or 500 kg bomb. 3 converted from Héja II fighters.
20231101.en_13203384_25	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%81VAG%20H%C3%A9ja	MÁVAG Héja	2/1.Század 'Keresztes pók' 1/1.Vadászszázad 2/1.Vadászszázad 1/1.Század Dongó, Önálló Vadász Osztály'' (OVO)
20231101.en_13203385_0	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selmsdorf	Selmsdorf	Selmsdorf is a municipality in the Nordwestmecklenburg district, in Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Germany located east of Lübeck.
20231101.en_13203385_1	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selmsdorf	Selmsdorf	It is also close to the cities of Wismar and Schwerin and is part of the Hamburg Metropolitan Region.
20231101.en_13203386_0	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Testorf-Steinfort	Testorf-Steinfort	Testorf-Steinfort is a municipality in the Nordwestmecklenburg district, in Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Germany.
20231101.en_13203387_0	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stimson%20Center	Stimson Center	The Stimson Center is a nonprofit, nonpartisan think tank that analyzes issues related to global peace. It is named after the American lawyer and politician Henry L. Stimson.
20231101.en_13203387_1	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stimson%20Center	Stimson Center	Stimson analyzes issues such as nuclear proliferation, arms trafficking, water management, wildlife poaching, and responses to humanitarian crises. It also provides consulting for US and international institutions and publishes articles for the general public.
20231101.en_13203387_2	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stimson%20Center	Stimson Center	In 2013, Stimson received the MacArthur Award for Creative and Effective Institutions. Stimson was ranked 10th best U.S. think tank in the University of Pennsylvania's 2020 Global Go To Think Tanks Report.
20231101.en_13203387_3	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stimson%20Center	Stimson Center	The Stimson Center was founded in 1989 by Barry Blechman and Michael Krepon. It is currently led by Chairman of the Board Herbert "Hawk" Carlisle and President and CEO Brian Finlay.
20231101.en_13203387_4	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stimson%20Center	Stimson Center	The center is funded by research contracts, grants from foundations and other donations. It publicly discloses funding sources on an annual basis.
20231101.en_13203387_5	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stimson%20Center	Stimson Center	The Stimson Center conducts research, engagement, and solutions building across five thematic areas: Trade and Technology, Security and Strategy, Human Security and Governance, Climate and Natural Resources, and Pivotal Places, a geographic topic that largely covers work on Asia and the Indo-Pacific.
20231101.en_13203387_6	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stimson%20Center	Stimson Center	The 38 North program cultivates public policy debate about North Korea, emphasizing hands-on experience and expertise with the authoritative 38north.org web journal, in-depth research on issues central to North Korean strategic thinking, and informal diplomatic engagement. Other major projects include North Korea's Economy: A Glimpse Through Imagery, a commercial satellite imagery analysis series focused on the North Korean economy in partnership with the National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency, and the DPRK Digital Atlas, a comprehensive geospatial dataset based on open source data of DPRK political, economic, cultural and security infrastructure.
20231101.en_13203387_7	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stimson%20Center	Stimson Center	The East Asia program conducts research on regional security issues and offers recommendations for policymakers in the U.S. and in the region on a variety of issues. The program analyzes the dynamics of cross-Strait relations, including the exchange of ideas and people between the U.S. and Asia-Pacific region. The program also examines China's foreign relations toward Northeast and Southeast Asia, with a special focus on Myanmar, Iran, and Africa, and addresses U.S.–Japan alliance relations and developments on the Korean Peninsula.
20231101.en_13203387_8	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stimson%20Center	Stimson Center	The Environmental Security program explores how increased stress on global ecosystems and shared natural resources may compromise economic development, fuel social conflict, and undermine political stability in key areas throughout the world.
20231101.en_13203387_9	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stimson%20Center	Stimson Center	The Middle East program explores issues that affect regional security from the Mediterranean to the Persian Gulf. They study cross-border dynamics in the region, and are focused on the rising threat from sectarianism and its roots in radical Islamic ideology. The program's Gulf Security work analyzes traditional and nontraditional security issues impacting the Gulf States and their neighbors. In 2015, the program is monitoring the regional security repercussions of the Iran nuclear negotiations.
20231101.en_13203387_10	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stimson%20Center	Stimson Center	The South Asia program seeks to reduce nuclear dangers in South Asia by focusing on risks associated with the accelerating arms competition between India and Pakistan. These risks are amplified by the activities of terrorist groups and political instability in the region. The program has championed confidence-building and nuclear risk-reduction measures in South Asia for over twenty years. The South Asia program analyzes U.S. crisis management on the subcontinent, producing case studies of the “Twin Peaks” and Mumbai crises, and identifying future challenges. The program seeks to empower an emerging generation of strategic analysts in South Asia by means of the South Asian Voices website, conferences, and visiting fellowships.
20231101.en_13203387_11	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stimson%20Center	Stimson Center	The Southeast Asia program addresses major challenges facing the region today, ranging from the food-water-energy security nexus in the Mekong Basin to political and economic issues of Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) integration. The main focus of the program's research is development in the Greater Mekong Subregion, particularly hydroelectric power projects and their impacts on the food-water-security nexus and regional stability. The program also regularly addresses trade, economic, and political issues involving ASEAN member states, U.S.–ASEAN relations and policy issues, and maritime security issues in the South China Sea, particularly territorial disputes and fishery management.
20231101.en_13203387_12	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stimson%20Center	Stimson Center	"Confronting the Crisis of Global Governance" – A report from the Commission on Global Security, Justice and Governance that details a practical action plan for innovating global governance, as well as offering ways to mobilize diverse actors to advance reform to better respond to 21st century threats, challenges, and opportunities.
20231101.en_13203387_13	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stimson%20Center	Stimson Center	"Recommendations and Report of the Task Force on US Drone Policy" – This report details recommendations for overhauling UAV strategy, improving oversight, accountability and transparency, developing forward-looking international norms relating to the use of lethal force in nontraditional settings, and devising sound UAV export control and research and development policies.
20231101.en_13203387_14	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stimson%20Center	Stimson Center	"A New US Defense Strategy for a New Era: Military Superiority, Agility and Efficiency" – This report sets out ten key operating principles that emphasize greater efficiency and effectiveness throughout the Defense Department and finds that a successful defense strategy could be achieved at budget levels significantly lower than present.
20231101.en_13203387_15	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stimson%20Center	Stimson Center	Ranked 10th of the "Top Think Tanks in the United States" in the University of Pennsylvania's "2020 Global Go To Think Tank Index Report".
20231101.en_13203387_16	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stimson%20Center	Stimson Center	Given 5-Star (Highly Transparent) rating by Transparify’s 2015 report, "How Transparent are Think Tanks about Who Funds Them 2015?"
20231101.en_13203387_17	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stimson%20Center	Stimson Center	Kris M. Balderston (General Manager of FleishmanHillard, former legislative director to Senator Hillary Clinton) (2016–Present)
20231101.en_13203388_0	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Star%C3%A9%20Hamry	Staré Hamry	Staré Hamry () is a municipality and village in the Frýdek-Místek District in the Moravian-Silesian Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 600 inhabitants.
20231101.en_13203388_1	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Star%C3%A9%20Hamry	Staré Hamry	The name Staré Hamry literally means "old hammer mills" and refers to the hammer mills which were here in the 17th century. It was initially called only Hamry, the attribute Staré was added later after hammer mills in Baška ("new hammer mills") were founded.
20231101.en_13203388_2	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Star%C3%A9%20Hamry	Staré Hamry	Staré Hamry is located about south of Frýdek-Místek and south of Ostrava. It lies in the Moravian-Silesian Beskids mountain range. The highest point is the Smrk mountain at above sea level, located on the northern municipal border. Most of the municipality is forested. The municipality is situated around the Šance Reservoir, which lies on the Ostravice River.
20231101.en_13203388_3	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Star%C3%A9%20Hamry	Staré Hamry	Staré Hamry was founded between 1636 and 1639, which is the period from which its first land book came. Politically, it was a part of the Friedek state country, which was a part of the Kingdom of Bohemia. The first hammer mill was built in 1638 and disappeared at the end of the 17th century.
20231101.en_13203388_4	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Star%C3%A9%20Hamry	Staré Hamry	The greatest development of the municipality was at the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries, when it became a recreation area.
20231101.en_13203388_5	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Star%C3%A9%20Hamry	Staré Hamry	After World War I, it became a part of Czechoslovakia. In March 1939, it became a part of Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia. After World War II, it was restored to Czechoslovakia.
20231101.en_13203388_6	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Star%C3%A9%20Hamry	Staré Hamry	Initially, the village was located only on the right bank of the Ostravice, which formed the border between Czech Silesia and Moravia. In 1951, the northern part of the municipality was split from Staré Hamry and joined with Ostravice; whereas the southern part of Ostravice was split from it and joined with Staré Hamry. Both municipalities now lie on both banks of the Ostravice. In 1969, the Šance Reservoir was built.
20231101.en_13203388_7	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Star%C3%A9%20Hamry	Staré Hamry	The main landmark of the village is the Church of Saint Henry, built in 1863–1865. A monument on the outside of the cemetery wall from 1933 commemorates the social poem Maryčka Magdónova by Petr Bezruč.
20231101.en_13203390_0	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New%20York%20Review%20Books	New York Review Books	New York Review Books (NYRB) is the publishing division of The New York Review of Books. Its imprints are New York Review Books Classics, New York Review Books Collections, The New York Review Children's Collection, New York Review Comics, New York Review Books Poets, and NYRB Lit.
20231101.en_13203390_1	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New%20York%20Review%20Books	New York Review Books	The division was started in the fall of 1999. It grew out of another enterprise called the Reader's Catalog (subtitle: "The 40,000 best books in print"), which sold books through a catalog. Founder Edwin Frank and his managing editor discovered that many of the books they wanted were out of print, so they decided to republish titles in fiction and non-fiction.
20231101.en_13203390_2	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New%20York%20Review%20Books	New York Review Books	NYRB Classics is a series of fiction and non-fiction works for all ages and from around the world. Since its first volume, a 1999 reissue of Richard Hughes's 1929 novel A High Wind in Jamaica, NYRB Classics has published hundreds of titles. Occasionally, it has published translations of works previously unavailable in English by writers including Euripides, Dante, Balzac and Chekhov. It also publishes fiction by more contemporary writers such as Vasily Grossman, Mavis Gallant, Upamanyu Chatterjee, Georges Simenon, Kenneth Fearing, and J. R. Ackerley. Most of the books include an introduction by a writer or literary critic. Edwin Frank is the editor of the Classics imprint. It has been called "a marvellous literary imprint ... that has put hundreds of wonderful books back on our shelves."
20231101.en_13203390_3	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New%20York%20Review%20Books	New York Review Books	NYRB Collections is a series of books that collect essays by frequent contributors to The New York Review of Books. With works by writers such as Larry McMurtry, Frank Rich, Mary McCarthy, Freeman Dyson and others, NYRB Collections present treatments of major intellectual, political, scientific, and artistic developments and debates. The NYRB Lit series was established in July 2012 with the specific goal of publishing contemporary works of noteworthy fiction and non-fiction from around the world. It is an e-book-only series that strives to publish titles considered too low in profitability for traditional publishers. The first-announced titles were The Water Theatre by Lindsay Clarke (September 2012); Beirut, I Love You by Zena El Khalil (October 2012); 1948 by Yoram Kaniuk (November 2012); Ravan and Eddie by Kiran Nagarkar (December 2012), and On the Edge by Markus Werner (January 2013).
20231101.en_13203390_4	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New%20York%20Review%20Books	New York Review Books	The New York Review Children's Collection was founded in 2003 to reintroduce children's books that have fallen out of print, or simply out of mainstream attention. The series includes more than 30 titles, ranging from picture books to young adult novels. NYRB Kids was founded in 2015; titles are "drawn from The New York Review Children’s Collection and reissued as stylish paperback editions designed to be especially attractive to young readers".
20231101.en_13203390_5	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New%20York%20Review%20Books	New York Review Books	Other collections and series include New York Review Comics, NYRB Poets, and Calligrams, a "series of writings from and on China".
20231101.en_13203395_0	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valea%20Porumbenilor	Valea Porumbenilor	The Valea Porumbenilor (also: Trestenic) is a right tributary of the river Câlniștea in Romania. It discharges into the Câlniștea near Naipu. Its length is and its basin size is .
20231101.en_13203396_0	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeremiah%20Massey	Jeremiah Massey	Jeremiah Massey (; born July 22, 1982) is an American-born naturalized Macedonian professional basketball player who last played Ciclista Olímpico of the Liga Nacional de Básquet. Standing at 6 ft 7 in (2.02 m), he plays the power forward position.
20231101.en_13203396_1	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeremiah%20Massey	Jeremiah Massey	Massey started his collegiate career at Oxnard Community College where he earned California State Junior College Player of the Year Award. He then transferred to play college basketball at Kansas State University, where he earned the Big 12 Conference newcomer of the year honor in 2004. He was named to the 3rd and 2nd All Big 12 teams in 2004 and 2005 respectively.
20231101.en_13203396_2	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeremiah%20Massey	Jeremiah Massey	Massey was selected 5th overall in the 2005 USBL draft. He started his professional basketball career in 2005 playing for Gymnastikos S. Larissas, a team in the Greek League. In the 2005–06 season he was the leading rebounder in the Greek League. This was the main reason why he was acquired by Aris, one of the top 3 teams in the Greek League, prior to the 2006–07 season.
20231101.en_13203396_3	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeremiah%20Massey	Jeremiah Massey	Massey signed a two-year contract extension through the year 2009 with his club Aris in the summer of 2007, but Aris sold him to Real Madrid in 2008, where he signed a three-year contract.
20231101.en_13203396_4	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeremiah%20Massey	Jeremiah Massey	In January 2010, his contract with Real Madrid was terminated by the club under mutual consent, and in February 2010, Massey signed for Obradoiro CAB, to replace Marc Jackson after his retirement. On May 14, 2010, he parted ways with Obradoiro.
20231101.en_13203396_5	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeremiah%20Massey	Jeremiah Massey	In August 2010, he signed a one-year contract with the Russian team PBC Lokomotiv-Kuban. On July 28, 2011, he re-signed with Lokomotiv for one more season. He was named to the All-EuroCup Second Team in 2012. In the summer of 2012, after club decided not to extend his contract, he became a free agent.
20231101.en_13203396_6	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeremiah%20Massey	Jeremiah Massey	In November 2012, Massey signed a six-week contract with Krasnye Krylia of the PBL. Later, in December 2012, he signed for Brose Baskets Bamberg of Germany. Massey was suspended for being undisciplined the last few weeks while he was still with Brose Baskets. In early May 2013, he signed with Champville of Lebanon for the rest of the season.
20231101.en_13203396_7	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeremiah%20Massey	Jeremiah Massey	In December 2013, he signed with Amchit Club for the 2013–14 season. He helped them to make it to the semifinals. In 23 games he averaged 21 points, 8.6 rebounds, 5.5 assists and 2.9 steals per game. In November 2014, he signed with Sporting Al Riyadi Beirut.
20231101.en_13203396_8	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeremiah%20Massey	Jeremiah Massey	After a short stint in Qatar with Al-Gharafa, on April 22, 2016, he signed in Argentina with Libertad de Sunchales of the Liga Nacional de Básquet.
20231101.en_13203396_9	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeremiah%20Massey	Jeremiah Massey	On August 10, 2016, Massey signed with Macedonian club MZT Skopje for the 2016–17 season. On October 10, 2016, he parted ways with MZT after appearing in only three ABA league games. On October 25, 2016, he returned to Libertad de Sunchales for the rest of the season.
20231101.en_13203396_10	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeremiah%20Massey	Jeremiah Massey	Massey played internationally for the senior Macedonia national basketball team, after acquiring Macedonian citizenship in 2008.
20231101.en_13203396_11	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeremiah%20Massey	Jeremiah Massey	He has played for Macedonia in the EuroBasket 2009 qualification in September 2008, helping the team to reach the final tournament for the first time since 1999.
20231101.en_13203398_0	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roman%20Catholic%20Diocese%20of%20Kisantu	Roman Catholic Diocese of Kisantu	The Roman Catholic Diocese of Kisantu () is a diocese located in the city of Kisantu in the Ecclesiastical province of Kinshasa in the Democratic Republic of the Congo.
20231101.en_13203406_0	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thandorf	Thandorf	Thandorf is a municipality in the Nordwestmecklenburg district, in Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Germany, European Union.
20231101.en_13203407_0	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Upahl	Upahl	Upahl is a municipality in the Nordwestmecklenburg district, in Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Germany. The former municipality Plüschow was merged into Upahl in January 2019.
20231101.en_13203411_0	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Veelb%C3%B6ken	Veelböken	Veelböken is a municipality in the Nordwestmecklenburg district, in Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Germany.
20231101.en_13203412_0	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ventschow	Ventschow	Ventschow is a municipality in the Nordwestmecklenburg district, in Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Germany.
20231101.en_13203412_1	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ventschow	Ventschow	The municipality belongs to the extreme northwest of the Mecklenburg Lake Plateau. The village, surrounded by numerous small lakes, is about 16 kilometres from the Hanseatic city of Wismar and three kilometres from the northern tip of Lake Schwerin.
20231101.en_13203412_2	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ventschow	Ventschow	The district Kleekamp belongs to Ventschow. The former districts of Dämelow and Neuhof were separated from the municipality of Ventschow on 1 June 1992 and incorporated into Bibow.
20231101.en_13203412_3	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ventschow	Ventschow	Ventschow has good connecting roads to Wismar, Warin and Brüel and to the B 106 via Bad Kleinen. Ventschow railway station is located on the Bad Kleinen–Rostock railway line. The A 14 (Schwerin - Wismar) runs through the eastern part of the municipal territory.
20231101.en_13203413_0	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vitense	Vitense	Vitense is a village and a former municipality in the Nordwestmecklenburg district, in Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Germany. Since 25 May 2014, it is part of the town Rehna.
20231101.en_13203414_0	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wedendorf	Wedendorf	Wedendorf is a village and a former municipality in the Nordwestmecklenburg district, in Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Germany. Since 1 July 2011, it is part of the municipality Wedendorfersee.
20231101.en_13203416_0	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zickhusen	Zickhusen	Zickhusen is a municipality in the Nordwestmecklenburg district, in Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Germany.
20231101.en_13203424_0	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WDDO%20%281240%20AM%29	WDDO (1240 AM)	WDDO was an AM radio station in Macon, Georgia, United States. It broadcast from 1940 to 2016 and was last owned by Cumulus Media and programmed with a gospel music format.
20231101.en_13203424_1	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WDDO%20%281240%20AM%29	WDDO (1240 AM)	WBML went on the air at 1420 kHz in October 1940, moving to 1240 kHz less than a year later. It was one of Macon's heritage radio stations, switching to country music in 1976. A swap between WBML and WDDO, then at 900 kHz, in 1978 brought that station's Black-oriented programming to the 1240 frequency, where it could broadcast at night. The station went off the air for good in January 2016 after thieves stole copper wire from its transmitter facility.
20231101.en_13203424_2	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WDDO%20%281240%20AM%29	WDDO (1240 AM)	The Middle Georgia Broadcasting Company applied to the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) on April 22, 1940, to build a new radio station in Macon using 250 watts on 1420 kHz. The company was owned by two oil company executives, Ernest D. Black and E. G. McKenzie, and E. M. Lowe, and an officer in the H. E. Lowe Electric Company. Earlier than the proprietors expected, the FCC approved the application on May 21, conditioning the application on identification of suitable studio and transmitter sites, and granted the final permit on August 9 for the station to maintain its transmitter at 8th and Mulberry streets and its studio in Macon's First National Bank Building.
20231101.en_13203424_3	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WDDO%20%281240%20AM%29	WDDO (1240 AM)	WBML—the letters representing the stockholders—made its first broadcast on October 15, 1940, a brief opening program at noon, then signed off until 6 p.m. in memory of Henry E. Lowe, who was to have opened the station and served as its manager but instead died of a brief illness two days prior; the funeral service was held at 11 a.m. that morning. It was an outlet of the Mutual Broadcasting System, with Blue Network programs added in 1943; many Blue shows had not been previously heard in Macon. On March 29, 1941, the station moved to 1240 kHz as part of NARBA's national reallocation.
20231101.en_13203424_4	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WDDO%20%281240%20AM%29	WDDO (1240 AM)	In 1944, WBML applied for an FM station at 45.7 MHz, which went on the air at 102.3 MHz on February 10, 1947, as WBML-FM and duplicating some of its AM programming. This service continued until it was abruptly shuttered in 1953, with the license deleted on September 23.
20231101.en_13203424_5	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WDDO%20%281240%20AM%29	WDDO (1240 AM)	Studios moved into the former Macon Natural Gas building in late 1949, and two years later, the station switched networks to NBC. 1953 saw WBML join forces with WNEX (1400 AM) and an independent partner to launch WETV, a UHF television station on channel 47 and the first such station in Macon.
20231101.en_13203424_6	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WDDO%20%281240%20AM%29	WDDO (1240 AM)	After the September 1952 death of Black, the company was sold twice in 1953, first to Allen Woodall of Columbus and then to C. R. "Dick" Rader and George W. Patton. Rader and Patton immediately divested their share in the television station to WNEX. The licensee was renamed Middle South Broadcasting Company in 1959, and the station upgraded to 1,000 watts of power in 1962.
20231101.en_13203424_7	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WDDO%20%281240%20AM%29	WDDO (1240 AM)	Prairieland Broadcasting of Georgia, a subsidiary of a group run by Illinois interests, acquired WBML in late 1972 for $632,000. The station continued to air contemporary music and NBC programming until 1976, when both were dropped as WBML became Macon's second country music station. Prairieland sold the outlet to Network, Inc., in 1976, citing its relative distance from the company's Illinois base; Network moved its studios, citing cramped quarters at its studios on Riverside Drive, which had been in use since 1966 but which Prairieland had retained in the sale.
20231101.en_13203424_8	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WDDO%20%281240%20AM%29	WDDO (1240 AM)	Network, Inc., and Piedmont Communications Corporation, owner of WDDO (900 AM), jointly applied to the FCC in 1978 seeking to exchange licenses to move WBML to the lower 900 kHz frequency and WDDO to 1240. WDDO broadcast a "soul music" format aimed at Black listeners and had been created in 1977 as a result of needing to split programming from WCRY-FM 107.9, with which it had been simulcasting. The exchange was carried out on June 1. For WDDO, the switch to the 1240 facility was an upgrade from 250 to 1,000 watts and to nighttime operation, enabling it to mount a better challenge to heritage station WIBB.
20231101.en_13203424_9	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WDDO%20%281240%20AM%29	WDDO (1240 AM)	Piedmont continued to own WDDO, along with the FM station (later WPEZ) and additional outlets acquired in the 1990s. WDDO demonstrated unusual ratings strength for an AM station, at one point rating third overall in the market and being the most-listened-to AM outlet in Macon. Piedmont sold its stations in 1996 to U.S. Broadcasting, owner of WDEN, which grew to have a six-station Macon cluster by 1997 and eight outlets by the time it sold the set to Cumulus in 2002 for $35 million.
20231101.en_13203424_10	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WDDO%20%281240%20AM%29	WDDO (1240 AM)	Cumulus surrendered the station's license to the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) on July 18, 2016, and the FCC cancelled it the same day. Six months prior, on January 20, vandals had stolen copper grounding wire from the transmitter site, resulting in the station going off the air.
20231101.en_13203429_0	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scottish%20National%20League%20%28rugby%20union%29	Scottish National League (rugby union)	The Scottish National League (currently named Tennents National League One for sponsorship reasons) is an amateur league competition for rugby union clubs in Scotland. It forms the 2nd tier of the Scottish League Championship.
20231101.en_13203429_1	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scottish%20National%20League%20%28rugby%20union%29	Scottish National League (rugby union)	The league winner is automatically promoted to the top tier of Scottish league rugby (The Tennents Premiership). The bottom two clubs are relegated into National League Two, replaced by the top two teams in that league.
20231101.en_13203429_2	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scottish%20National%20League%20%28rugby%20union%29	Scottish National League (rugby union)	Demoted from Premiership: Ayr RFC, Boroughmuir RFC, Heriot's RFC, Melrose RFC, Stirling County RFC and Watsonians RFC

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schlagsdorf

Schlagsdorf

Schlagsdorf is a municipality in the Nordwestmecklenburg district, in Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Germany.

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