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BEIJING, Sept. 29 (Xinhua) -- Commander-in-chief of China's manned space program Chang Wanquan announced Thursday night that the launch of Tiangong-1 space lab module is successful. China's first space lab module Tiangong-1 blasted off at 9:16 p.m. Beijing Time (1316 GMT) Thursday from Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center in northwest desert area. The unmanned module, carried by Long March-2FT1 rocket, will test space docking with a spacecraft later this year, _ the way for China to become the third country in the world to operate a permanent space station around 2020. The Tiangong-1 will orbit the Earth for about one month to await Shenzhou-8 unmanned spacecraft. Once the two vehicles successfully rendezvous , they will conduct the first space docking at a height of 340 kilometers above Earth surface. After two docking tests, Tiangong-1 will await Shenzhou-9 and Shenzhou-10 in the next two years, according to a plan of China's manned space program. The 8.5-tonne Tiangong-1, with a length of 10.4 meters and maximum diameter of 3.35 meters, provides a room of 15 cubic meters for two to three astronauts to live and work. Zhang Shancong, deputy chief designer of the Tiangong-1, told Xinhua that the module carries special cameras which will take hyperspectral images of China's vast farmlands to detect heavy metal pollution and pesticide residue as well as plant disease. Moreover, scientists on the ground will also conduct experiments on photonic crystal , a new material expected to revolutionize information technology, in the low-gravity environment inside the Tiangong-1 as these experiments would be extremely difficult to conduct on Earth's surface. "China is clearly becoming a global power and its investments in areas like technology and space exploration reflect this," said Peter Singer, a senior fellow at the Washington-based Brookings Institution. "It is a natural result of the growth in political and economic power and is to be expected," said Zhou Jianping, chief designer of China's manned space program, "China will turn its future space station into an international platform for space research and application. A space station could provide a low-gravity environment for research on geography, astronomy and bio-technology, which will bring unimaginably greater achievements than those conducted on Earth's surface. " "The Chinese nation has pursued peace since ancient times," Zhou also said, "China's ultimate intention with the space program is to explore space resources and make use of them for mankind's well-being." Tiangong-1 will do the following things in the future Except that it will _ .
|
[
"test space docking with a spacecraft later this year.",
"detect pollution and pesticide residue and disease.",
"provides a room for astronauts to live and work.",
"operate a permanent space station."
] | 3D
|
astronomy
|
mmlu_labeled
|
With America's national debt continuing to climb, Congress is constantly debating ways to save money. The Dollar Coin Alliance, a lobbying group, says billions could be saved if dollar coins were used instead of paper bills. But many people won't use them. The U.S. government tried to push dollar coins again in recent years, but then suspended almost all production in 2011. American likes paper dollars, but Jim Kolbe, co-chairman of the Dollar Coin Alliance, thinks switching to the coin is worth it. "The coin does cost more to produce, roughly on the neighborhood of 17 cents versus the 5 or 6 cents that a paper dollar costs to produce," he said. "However, the coin lasts 35 years, and it's made of mostly recycled metals, and the paper has to be produced from new materials, and we shred 3 billion of those every year because they wear out." For years, the former Arizona congressman has been pushing legislation that would prop up the dollar coin by phasing out the greenback -- a move that has met resistance from both politicians and the public. But today, he said, _ and a recent poll indicates 61 percent of Americans like the idea. "When they learn of the savings that can be involved with this, they will support the idea of substituting the coin for the paper dollar," he said. Major savings Kolbe points to a study by the Government Accountability Office, which investigates how the government spends taxpayer dollars. The GAO estimates taxpayers would save more than $4 billion over 30 years, and that figure could be much higher. That appeals to taxpayer Christy Thompson, who said, "I'd probably say, yes, we need to do it." But plenty of people aren't convinced, including Kim Doering of Alexandria, Virginia. "It's easier to carry the paper bill than a bunch of coins. They're louder; they're heavier in your pocket," she said. Washington, D.C. restaurant owner Sue Fouladi doesn't like the idea of having more dollar coins in her cash register. "It's very inconvenient," she said. "If I don't have a choice, then I'll do it, but I'll be a very unhappy person." Adding to the problem is that the gold- and silver-colored metal coins are about the same size as the 25-cent quarter. Robert Blecker, an economics professor at American University in Washington, says the dollar coins should be a different size and thickness. "And if we can design a dollar coin that's not so big and bulky, probably Americans would like it better," he added. But that doesn't bother college student Emily Sturgill. "Sometimes they fit into your pocket easily and you don't have to worry about them slipping out, like a dollar bill would if you brought your keys or your phone out," she said. What's the best title of the passage?
|
[
"Dollar Coins or Paper Bills",
"Different Opinions about Coins",
"Ways to Solve America's National Debt",
"The Advantages of Dollar Coins."
] | 0A
|
high_school_microeconomics
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Washington -- The largest ozone hole ever observed has opened up over Antarctica, according to the scientists of the US National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). They believe it is a sign that ozone -- destroying gases produced years ago are just now causing the largest quantities of ozone to disappear. This year's South Pole ozone hole spreads over about 28.5 million square kilometers, an area three times larger than the landmass of the prefix = st1 /United States. Pictures of the hole have been offered by NASA. The hole appears as a giant blue mass, totally covering Antarctica and stretching to the southern tip of South America. "The last time the ozone hole was close to this size was in 1998, when it spread over about 27.2 million square kilometers," NASA said. Paul Newman, who works with NASA's Total Ozone Mapping Spectrometer (TOMS) instrument on a NASA satellite, said ozone watchers had expected a big hole this year, but not this big. The Antarctica ozone hole, first observed in 1985, is caused by the depletion of Earth protecting ozone by human-made chemicals such as chlorofluorocarbons, known as CFCs. "Even though these chemicals were not allowed to use from the beginning of 1987, they remain in the atmosphere and will continue to do so for years," Newman said. "This year's large hole may have been caused by a change in a swirling high-level air current over Antarctica, which circles the area and contains the zone hole," Newman said. The time 1985 was talked about in the text because it was when the Antarctica ozone hole _ .
|
[
"was watched by Newman",
"was first closed",
"disappeared",
"was first watched"
] | 3D
|
astronomy
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Cells were discovered in 1665 by Robert Hooke when he took a piece of cork and looked at it under a microscope. Cork is made up of dead cells but you are still able to see the cells which proved to be interesting to him. He described _ as being made of something, just like a wall is made of bricks. He then called those bricks "cells". Due to the size of cells, it is nearly impossible to see them without the aid of a light microscope, but by using an electron microscope you'd be able to see cells in much greater detail. There's a cell theory which is made up of four basic ideas. First, cells are the building blocks of life. Second, cells are derived from other cells by division. Third, cells contain DNA (the blueprint for life). Fourth, the cell is the functioning unit of life, and the chemical reactions of life take place within cells. There are two types of cells, animal cells and plant cells. Plant cells differ from animal cells in many ways. Plant cells have a large central vacuole , with the nucleus nearer to the side of the cell instead of in the middle like in animal cells. Another big difference is that plant cells can produce and store sugar as starch while animal cells contain glycogen . It's noteworthy to mention that a cell cannot survive without the nucleus which acts as a type of control center; it runs the cells. The nucleus contains DNA, which in turn contains the cell's genes. These genes tell the cell how to grow. DNA contains the genetic blueprint that tells if you have blonde hair and blue eyes. The passage was written mainly to _ .
|
[
"introduce different microscopes",
"tell the differences between animal cells and plant cells",
"introduce basic knowledge of cells",
"tell how to observe cells with the right tools"
] | 2C
|
college_biology
|
mmlu_labeled
|
The marine environment is fascinating to study and work in due to its beauty, richness, and complexity. It covers three quarters of the surface of the Earth, yet we know more detail about the surface of Mars. In the past, it was seen as both an inexhaustible resource and a bottomless sink for our wastes. Yet the increasing pressures of overpopulation, pollution and the threat to our natural environment mean that there is an increasing need for scientists who can understand how it all works, how it affects us, and how we are affecting it from global warming through to the smallest plankton. From local issues to global concerns, we now know that the marine environment is inextricably linked to our lives, and to our future survival. It is an area where much remains to be discovered, and where only a multidisciplinary approach can cover the breadth of issues to be confronted. This is the approach taken on our Marine Environmental Science degree course. This course takes a multi-disciplinary approach to explore and understand the marine environment. After an initial grounding in basic science, optional choices are available in specialist topics such as marine ecosystems and pollution, coastal navigation and oceanography, among others. Our new harbor side marine laboratory is used for some of the specialist lectures, laboratory and project work, while a week's residential field course in the Isle of Man provides training to prepare for the research project conducted in your final year. There is an optional trip to Belize in the final year to study tropical marine environments. From the passage, we can infer that _ .
|
[
"people waste a lot of resource",
"marine environment covers 3/4 of the surface of Mars",
"marine environment is beautiful for its sufficient resources",
"the Earth is similar to Mars"
] | 0A
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Below are three examples of using energy from natural resources. Select the use of energy that did not add to air pollution.
|
[
"Wood burned in a fire, cooking vegetables.",
"Flowing water carried a girl in an inflatable tube down a river.",
"A candle burned paraffin, a wax made from petroleum oil."
] | 1B
|
natural science
|
scienceqa
|
After playing outside on a cold day, Jaime went inside to wash his hands. Although the water was normal temperature, he noticed that it felt warmer than usual. What would explain this phenomenon?
|
[
"His body had more kinetic energy than the water.",
"Heat flowed from a cooler substance to a warmer substance.",
"The water from the faucet had a higher temperature than his skin.",
"The thermal energy in the room was higher than the thermal energy outside."
] | 2C
|
anatomy
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Almost every Chinese person can recite the two lines of the famous poem, " _ ". But sadly, many of us don't actually get the real meaning of these lines: Don't waste food. A CCTV program reported that the food Chinese people throw away every year is enough to feed 200 million people for a year. Do we have too much food? Absolutely not. According to the UN World Food Program, there were 925 million hungry people around the world in 2011, especially in developing countries. Six million children die of hunger every year. Chinese people are well-known for being friendly and generous. Many even feel that they lose face if their guests have eaten all the food on the table. Luckily, a number of people have realized the importance of saving food. What should we do in our daily lives to waste less food? 1. Don't order too much in a restaurant. Only order as much as you want to eat. If you cannot eat all the food you ordered, take the rest of it home. 2. Don't leave any food in your bowls while having meals. 3. Keep an eye on what food you have at home. Don't buy too much, especially for vegetables and fruit. What's the main idea of this passage?
|
[
"Don't waste food.",
"Chinese people are friendly and generous.",
"We can't die of hunger.",
"Every grain is grown by farmers."
] | 0A
|
nutrition
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Ronald Hoffman born in 1937 is Polish-born American organic chemist and Nobel laureate . As a theoretical chemist, Hoffmann studied energy levels in chemical bonds during chemical reactions. He put computers to use to solve his problems and, despite the complexity of his research, was able to explain his theories and discoveries to the non-specialist. For his work he was awarded the 1981 Nobel Prize in chemistry, which he shared with Fukui Kenichi. Born in Poland, Hoffmann settled in New York City as a child and became a United States citizen. He received his undergraduate degree in premedical studies from Columbia College in 1958. He attended Harvard University, where he received his PhD. degree in chemical physics in 1962. He joined the faculty of Cornell University in the mid-1960s and remained there throughout his career. Hoffmann and Nobel laureate chemist Robert Burns Woodward developed rules, based on quantum mechanics, to determine how energy levels in atomic electron orbits influence how a chemical reaction takes place. These simple rules, known as the Woodward-Hoffmann rules, allowed chemists to predict reaction results and was quickly accepted and put to use in a wide variety of situations. Hoffmann later turned his research to a variety of problems related to discovering the molecular structure of inorganic and organometallic compounds. Hoffmann is also known for what is called the Isolobal Analogy, which is yet another discovery linking all areas of chemistry. It is useful in predicting the behavior of new molecules based on the orbit structure of the components used to form them. Aided by computers, Hoffmann was able to _ a vast amount of data to support his ideas. Unlike the scientific papers of many chemists, Hoffmann's publications contain little raw data but instead are filled with diagrams and pictures to explain his results. His drawings of shaded balloons to indicate eigenvectors, a unit used in mathematics, are now the accepted scientific notation for illustrating this value. How did Hoffman make his research popular?
|
[
"He applied some computer skills to help explain his ideas.",
"He established a special computer system to help.",
"He drew some forms explaining his ideas.",
"He did series of experiments to prove his ideas."
] | 0A
|
college_chemistry
|
mmlu_labeled
|
For the last couple of weeks, I had been stuck in front of my computer working on a project that was very important to me. My every waking hour was consumed by the project and although I imagined that I would feel happy after completing parts of the project, I was confused to find that instead, I was feeling rather depressed. I tried a range of methods to help cheer myself up. I had a relaxing bath, cooked a delicious meal to enjoy with my family and even watched a lighthearted movie, but _ . It was only when I turned to meditation for a solution that the answer came to me: turn to nature! The very next day, I grabbed my camera and a bottle of water and set off to spend a few hours walking in a nature reserve, even though it was pouring with rain. Within a couple of minutes I felt alive again. To be honest, I felt like a young school girl again and had to stop myself from hopping along the path singing, "I'm singing in the rain", a song I used to sing when I was a child. I think as adults we often try too hard to control our inner children and as a result we restrain our own spirits, which only leads to depression and stress. Interestingly, it has been shown that people who spend 40 minutes walking in a nature reserve have a drop in their blood pressure levels, but this does not happen when they spend a similar amount of time walking in a busy city centre. If you feel a little low in spirit and know that you have spent too much time indoors, relax completely, remove your shoes and let your inner child come out and play. The author walked in a nature reserve in the rain in order to _ .
|
[
"take photos.",
"find a solution to the project.",
"hop along the path.",
"cheer herself up."
] | 3D
|
nutrition
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Everyone wants to be healthy. We know food is very important to us. There is an old saying-----"An apple a day keeps the doctor away." There is lots of healthy food in our life. Fruit and vegetables are healthy food, but hamburgers and candy are not healthy food. So you can have more bananas, apples, oranges, tomatoes and onions. They are good for us. But you'd better not have hamburgers or candy. They are bad for us. For drinks, juice and milk are healthy but Coke isn't healthy. Ice cream isn't good either. Healthy food can drinks make us strong and happy. Which one is right?
|
[
"Everyone is healthy.",
"We all want to be healthy.",
"Nobody is healthy.",
"Food is not important to us."
] | 1B
|
nutrition
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Paperback: 264 pages Publisher:. Sams (March 29,2005) ISBN: 0672327627 Product Dimensions: 8.4x5.5x0.6 inches OVERVIEW This book offers straightforward practical answers when you need fast results. By working through each 10-minute lesson, you'll learn what you need to begin to use the PHP scripting language to make your websites interactive and dynamic. REVIEW When I first laid eyes on this book and its title, Teach Yourself PHP in 10 minutes, my first thought was that I was going to see this! So I opened it up and figured I'd look through it for ten minutes and see what would hit me. Well, 10 minutes turned into 20, 20 into 30 and 30 into a valuable resource that sits on my desk. Not only are the lessons within brief, but they are very easy to understand, well presented and very easy to understand for the beginner. Each lesson comes with tips to point out shortcuts, cautions to help you avoid common mistakes and notes to additional infomation. This book can be used in two ways, as a reference or as a complete tutorial on PHP basics. That alone is something that is very rare in teaching type books these days. Some of the more valuable and informative lessons will take you into the areas of: --Strings and variables --Processing HTML forms --Controlling and filtering data --User authentication --Cookies and sessions --Security practices --Configuring PHP and more!!! The book is pretty basic for experienced PHP coders, but for new or intermediate users this book is worth more than the small $19.99 CAN suggested price. Although the cover suggests it covers PHP 5.0, the coding found within also applies to PHP 4.X CONCLUSION This book completely surprised me with its value and does indeed teach you in ten minutes what other books claim to do in 24 hours. Full marks to author Chris Newman for this handy guide. Where can you see this short passage?
|
[
"In a section for ads in a website.",
"In a book shop.",
"In a science magazine.",
"In a fiction novel."
] | 0A
|
college_computer_science
|
mmlu_labeled
|
"A rolling stone gathers no moss ," but there is one living animal that does gather moss -- the three-toed sloth of South America. This slowest-moving member of the animal kingdom is so inactive that moss actually gathers on its body and turns it green -- strange as it seems! Most of the sloth's life is spent motionless, hanging upside down from a limb . And that is the way its hair grows. Long and coarse, the strands from receptacles for the damp jungle algae turn the brown fur a mossy green. Actually this moss helps the animal survive because it serves as a perfect camouflage against the leafy trees and hides the sloth from the jungle's swift-moving hunters. The sloth would have little chance of survival on the ground. With long, curved claws hooded over the limb of a leafy tree, it spends the long hot hours during the day drowsing and eating. Inch by inch, it strips the leafy limbs bare and crawls slowly down the trunk to find a new dining spot, but only at night. In addition to looking rather like a vegetable, the sloth is a strict vegetarian. Running out of its favorite leaf is about the only thing that will make a sloth move. Then its appetite may even force the animal into swimming a stream to reach a succulent . It will also force it into fighting to keep the tree all to itself. The sloth is lazy and prefers to be alone, but it will tolerate its own s! Which of the following is NOT true about the sloth?
|
[
"The sloth does not eat any meat.",
"For most of its time, the sloth remains motionless on the ground.",
"To some degree, the sloth is protected by the moss growing on its body.",
"The sloth has a brown fur of its own."
] | 1B
|
college_biology
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Is the following trait inherited or acquired?
Dale has a scar on his right knee.
|
[
"inherited",
"acquired"
] | 1B
|
natural science
|
scienceqa
|
A type of bird in Africa eats blood-sucking insects off large mammals. Which word best describes the relationship between the bird and the mammals?
|
[
"mutualism",
"parasitism",
"neutralism",
"commensalism"
] | 0A
|
college_biology
|
mmlu_labeled
|
A student newspaper reports that most students go to sleep at 1:30 am. Even if that's an overstatement , it's close to the truth. Scientists say teens should sleep nine hours each night. But that's hard. Some are even "pulling all-nighters" . These students must hand in their homework the next day but they haven't done it. In the morning they don't look healthy and you can tell who's been doing it. One of my classmates did a survey on the topic. She found that most kids pull all-nighters to finish homework, but some do it for other reasons, such as playing computer games! Maybe our lack of sleep is because of laziness -- I think I'm a rather lazy student -- or maybe it's because we have too much to do in American high schools. I usually go to bed around midnight. If I stayed up past 1:30 am, I wouldn't get any work done. I'd be falling asleep at my computer. My classes begin at 7:30 am. I'm partly awake in my first class. By the second, I'm a little sleepy. By my third class, I'm sleepy. By midday I'm finally fully awake. But by 3:00 pm, I'm slowing down again. Yet I get more sleep than usual students. Most American high schools seem to have a similar problem with sleepy students. High school classes start at 7:30 am, so students have to get up one and a half hours before that to get ready and catch the bus. It's believed that lack of sleep can be bad for both grades and health. Some schools are paying attention. Classes in those schools start at 8:30 am. What's the main idea of the passage?
|
[
"Something has to be done to solve the problem of students' lack of sleep.",
"Many American high school students are sleepy in class.",
"Many kids have too much homework to do.",
"Students can't play computer games."
] | 0A
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
The purpose of keeping fit is to avoid illness ,resist the mental and physical fatigue that make us more likely to contract infections ,and above all to feel more pleasure in being alive. Research has shown the value of a balanced diet ,fresh air, sunshine ,enough rest and some forms of regular exercise for everyone .If everyone followed this plan ,the number of people visiting the doctor and going to hospital would be considerably reduced. Unfortunately ,although most people acknowledge the importance of physical fitness ,not enough of us put this into practice .We spend too much time watching others from the comfort of an armchair or a seat in the stand at a sports stadium. One reason why people who are physically fit to live longer is that they do not put the heart under excessive strain and so they reduce the risk of heart and blood vessel diseases .They also avoid suffering the consequences of weakened muscles ,which are the cause of a great deal of back and abdominal trouble. About 640 muscles for about 45% of our body's weight ,they must have the ability to store energy and be continually supplied with fuel by the blood .Sensible exercise ,suited to each individual and preferably undertaken on the advice of a doctor ,is the best insurance of meeting these requirements. Why do people want to prevent illness?
|
[
"Because they want to avoid health.",
"Because they want to add mental and physical fatigue.",
"Because they want to feel happier and live longer.",
"Because they want to obtain much more money."
] | 2C
|
nutrition
|
mmlu_labeled
|
What is a source of food and growth for a mushroom?
|
[
"rotting organisms",
"sunshine",
"minerals in soil",
"water in soil"
] | 0A
|
nutrition
|
mmlu_labeled
|
I think it is safe to say that snakes are not popular among most people. It would be hard to find a person who is neutral ,or simply doesn't care one way or the other. What I wonder is why something even without legs causes such great fear. Snakes are quite useful, but that doesn't seem to matter. Snakes help control the population of mice. Without snakes, perhaps we would find mice everywhere. Most of us, however, would rather see a mouse than a snake. The poison argument is a strong one. Some snakes are poisonous, and this causes people's death. However, the poisonous snakes are only a small number. We can't say all the snakes are bad just because of a few dangerous ones. And what do we do with the people who really like snakes? They like snakes even more strongly than we dislike them. These people learn about them, find them out, and watch them carefully. Why? The only reason I can think of is that these people are open-minded. They are able to put aside differences and welcome the snake as a friend. Whatever the reason for our like or dislike, snakes do something good in the circle of life. They would prefer to be left alone, and that is what we should do. If you're lucky, you might not run across more than a few of them in a lifetime. That would be fine with most of us. People who really like snakes are open-mindedbecause they _ .
|
[
"are able to put aside differences",
"think all the snakes are poisonous",
"are able to deal with poisonous snakes",
"take part in the poison argument"
] | 0A
|
human_sexuality
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Three astronauts returned to Earth safely on Wednesday after a successful 15-day mission , marking another step forward towards the country's goal of building a manned space station by 2020. Zhang Youxia, commander-in-chief of China's manned space program, said the Shenzhou X mission was a "complete success". The Shenzhou X landed safely in north China's Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region at about 8:07 a.m. on June 26, 2013. All three astronauts were in good physical condition. Nie Haisheng, commander of the Shenzhou X crew and a second-time space traveler, was the first to get out of the bowl-like module , followed by Wang Yaping, the only female astronaut of the mission, and Zhang Xiaoguang. During a brief welcoming ceremony held at the landing area, the astronauts waved happily to a crowd consisting of officers, the search and recovery team, and health personnel. "It feels really good to be back home," said astronaut Nie Haisheng. "We are dreamers, and we have now realized our dream," said Zhang Xiaoguang. "Our space dream knows no limit, and our hard work will never stop," he said. Compared with its previous mission Shenzhou IX last year, the Shenzhou X is no longer experimental but considered an applicable shuttle system for sending astronauts and supplies to orbiting modules. The mission aims to further test technologies designed for docking and supporting astronauts' stay in space, as well as to use new technologies related to the construction of a space station. In its 15-day journey in space, Shenzhou X docked with the orbiting space lab Tiangong-1 twice, once through automatic operation and the other manual .The Tiangong-1 space lab has been in orbit for more than 600 days. It's designed to work for two years. The module is considered the first step in building a permanent space station in the future. And the astronauts spent 12 days in Tiangong-1, where they conducted space medical experiments, technical tests and gave a science lesson to students on Earth on June 19 about basic physics principles. The lecture was the second video class sent from space, with US astronaut Barbara Morgan's 25-minute class being the first in 2007. China is the third country after the United States and Russia to acquire the technologies and skills necessary for space rendezvous and docking procedures, as well as supply manpower and material for an orbiting module via different docking methods. Previous docking procedures conducted between Shenzhou-type spacecraft and the orbiting space lab included two automated dockings by the unmanned Shenzhou-8 in 2011 and both an automated and manual docking by the manned Shenzhou-9 in 2012. Since its first manned space space mission in 2003, China has sent ten astronauts and six spacecrafts into the space. China sent the Shenzhou X into space to _ .
|
[
"learn how to make use of a manned space station",
"prove the importance of the manned space program",
"experiment on how to make astronauts stay in space safely",
"test new technologies for the construction of a space station"
] | 3D
|
astronomy
|
mmlu_labeled
|
If a thing experiences a burning combustion, then it is
|
[
"great",
"safe",
"fine",
"damaged"
] | 3D
|
high_school_physics
|
mmlu_labeled
|
If you don't keep yourself warm enough, winter can be a time of illness. During the winter months, people easily get colds and flu . Many think they are the same, but these two illnesses are different. Colds can stay with you for up to a week. You will have a running nose, sore throat, headache, cough and a fever. Flu is more serious. You will feel sick very quickly. You will have a fever and a headache. Your body will hurt and become weak. This could last for up to four weeks. Is there any way to keep yourself away from colds and flu? Staying clear of people with colds or flu may work. Try not to touch your nose or eyes if you have been close to someone who has a cold. Wash your hands, especially after cleaning your nose. Going out with wet hair can also give you a cold! If you catch a cold or flu, go to bed and rest. Doing this will help you get better. Drink lots of water. Stay in a warm, well-aired room. If you have a headache, or your muscles hurt, take some medicine. The passage is possibly from _ .
|
[
"a news report",
"fashion news",
"a health magazine",
"a medicine ad"
] | 2C
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
"In reading the lives of great men, I found that the first victory they won was over themselves... self-discipline with all of them came first." -- Harry S. Truman That is the quotation that had me thinking yesterday. Discipline , in particular self-discipline, is what will get us through most things in life, from writing this simple post to Achieving Greatness for You and I. You may ask, "Why is discipline important in writing this post?" For people who have tried writing, you would know how hard it might get sometimes to actually sit down and finish the whole article in one period without getting up every few minutes to get a drink, a snack or toilet break etc. Just with most things in life, often we lack the self-discipline to see us through what we are hoping to do or achieve. One area where self-discipline is clearly important is in losing weight. Some people are constantly looking for quick fix to their weight problem; they will jump at anything that is claimed to help them lose weight in the shortest time. They may lose weight fast, but they will find the result short-term especially if they do not change the way they live and the food they eat. A friend of mine shared his experience going through the journey from 115 kilograms to 56 kilograms in around one year. His journey of losing weight started from a trip with his daughter to the doctor for her check-up. He playfully weighed himself on the weighing machine while his daughter was having the check-up. The doctor saw his weight and made a remark, "If you maintain that balloon weight, you cannot see your grandchildren." That made him decide, "Enough is enough!" Not only that, he felt tired easily and his excessive weight made him feel like a walking balloon. In that moment of awakening, he made decisions to change his lifestyle and eating habits. The author holds the belief that _ .
|
[
"we can't achieve anything in life without self-discipline",
"only great men need self-discipline",
"self-discipline is most needed in losing weight",
"self-discipline has something to do with one's lifestyle"
] | 0A
|
nutrition
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Radio, telephone and TV are widely used in the world. When you turn on the radio, you can listen. But when you use telephone, not only can you listen to others but also you can chat with them, however, you can't see anything at all. TV is much better than both of them. People can watch TV and listen to it, but they can't take part in what they see. Today, some people are using a type of telephone called vision-phone . With it, two people who are talking can see each other. It is better than radio, telephone or TV. Vision-phones can be of great use when you have something to show the person whom you are calling. It will be helpful in people's life. Some day you may be able to call up a library and ask to read a book on your vision-phone. You may be able to do some shopping too. Perhaps in the future, people will use vision-phone. ,. Through a vision-phone we can _
|
[
"take medicine",
"order what we need",
"travel around the world",
"try on clothes"
] | 1B
|
computer_security
|
mmlu_labeled
|
In seventh grade, Brittany Blythe dreamed of being a cheerleader. Her school's coaches were less than enthusiastic. "They said, 'I don't know how you'll be able to do it,' she recalls. "'You won't be able to do it. '" But Brittany, now a junior at Strath Haven High School near Philadelphia, persisted . And when the junior team cheerleaders won a tournament last year, she was right there, dancing and cheering with the rest of the team. Not bad for someone whose legs were cut off below the knee when she was two years old. Brittany, 18, was born without shinbones --"just blood and muscle tissue", as she puts it. When she tried to walk, her legs twisted. After the operation, she adapted quickly. "From day one, I basically jumped up and wanted to do everything," she says. Prosthetic legs allowed her to move around upright, but too slowly to keep up with her friends. Brittany's solution: take the legs off and walk on her knees---sometimes she still does when safety and comfort permit. She's rarely _ . Other children laughed at her through the years, especially in junior high school, but she says the challenge only made her stronger. Now she's trying to convince her coaches to let her remove the prostheses and be a flyer, the cheerleader who's thrown in the air and caught by her teammates. Brittany doesn't think her problems are more difficult than the next person's. "My disability was the first thing I had to get through, and that's going to prepare me for the future," she says. "It's all just a test: If someone throws you a curve ball , what are you going to do?" What was the school's coaches' attitude towards Brittany's idea of being a cheerleader?
|
[
"Supportive",
"Doubtful",
"Opposed",
"Curious"
] | 1B
|
human_sexuality
|
mmlu_labeled
|
LONDON(Reuters)--Organic fruit, delivered right to the doorstep.That is what Gabriel Gold prefers, and he is willing to pay for it.If this is not possible, the 26-year-old computer technician will spend the extra money at the supermarket to buy organic food. "Organic produce is always better," Gold said."The food is free of pesticides , and you are generally supporting family farms instead of large farms.And more often than not it is locally grown and seasonal, so it is more tasty." Gold is one of a growing number of shoppers buying into _ , and supermarkets across Britain are counting on more like him as they grow their organic food business.But how many shoppers really know what they are getting, and why are they willing to pay a higher price for organic produce? Market research shows that Gold and others who buy organic food can generally give clear reasons for their preferences--but their knowledge of organic food is far from complete.For example, small amounts of pesticides can be used on organic products.And about three quarters of organic food in Britain is not local but imported to meet growing demand."The demand for organic food is increasing by about one third every year, so it is a very fast-growing market," said Sue Flock, a specialist in this line of business. More and more people in Britain are buying organic food because _ .
|
[
"they are getting richer",
"they can get the food anywhere",
"they like home-grown fruit",
"they consider the food free of pollution"
] | 3D
|
nutrition
|
mmlu_labeled
|
A scientist has collected monthly population counts of three animal species in a forest for five years. To display this data, the scientist should use which of the following?
|
[
"a table",
"a pie chart",
"a line graph",
"a scatterplot"
] | 2C
|
natural_science
|
ai2_arc_challenge
|
Do you know why you sleep? You may think it's because you're tired. Or perhaps you've been told sleep is good for you. Yet no one knows exactly why or how people sleep. Until the early 1950s, most scientists thought the body and brain rested during sleep. Then a scientist watched people sleep. He noticed that during periods of between 5 and 30 minutes each, sleepers' eyes made rapid movements, as if they were watching something. He called these periods REM sleep, for Rapid Eye Movement. Periods when sleepers' eyes did not move he called non-REM sleep. Whenever the scientist woke people during REM sleep, they were having vivid dreams. Measurements showed that sleepers' pulses went up quickly during REM sleep. Their breathing, heartbeat, and the blood going to the brain also increased. Far from being a time of rest, REM sleep is a time when the body is hard at work. Scientists still don't know the reason for this. Some believe REM sleep makes learning easier. Babies spend a lot of time in REM sleep. Because of this, some scientists believe that REM sleep helps the brain grow. Others think REM sleep is a time for the brain to empty the day's garbage. One thing all the scientists agree on is that sleep is necessary. Without enough sleep, people make mistakes. Most major car accidents happen during the early morning hours, when people are sleepiest. You can decide from the article that REM sleep _ .
|
[
"has a restful effect on people",
"can be avoided with lots of sleep",
"is something that all people experience",
"is something that all scientists agree on"
] | 0A
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
What is the mass of a passenger helicopter?
|
[
"3 ounces",
"3 tons",
"3 pounds"
] | 1B
|
natural science
|
scienceqa
|
Today people are paying more and more attention to improving their health through sports and exercise. But some of them have some wrong ideas about it. A plate of chicken is a good meal before games because it has much energy. In fact, the best meal before games should have carbohydrates . Foods like potatoes, bread, bananas are rich in it, chicken and meat are not. Carbohydrates are the best and most easily used forms of energy. The energy that you get for today's game is from what you ate yesterday. The best time to exercise is early in the morning. Morning is a good time to exercise, but it may not be suitable for you. If an afternoon or evening period suits you, and you enjoy the feeling of getting healthier, you can choose any time to exercise. There is no fixed time for you to exercise. If you drink water when you exercise, you'll get headaches and feel tired. The fact is that you must have some water during breaks when you exercise. And after exercising, you must have enough water. If you don't drink enough water, then you'll probably get headaches and feel tired. Exercising the same body part every day is the fastest way to improve strength. False! Exercising the same body part every day is the fastest way to cause problems. To improve strength, you want to work your muscles hard, but then you need to give those muscles a day of rest. Too much exercise can cause serious problems to muscles. Girls who do strength training will make their muscles big. Wrong! We usually connect those big muscles with bodybuilders , but girls don't have enough male hormone to make their muscles big like men. Strength training is a good way to make their muscles strong for girls. According to the passage, which of the following is NOT true?
|
[
"Afternoon is the best to exercise as it's cool.",
"You can exercise at any time.",
"It's good for both girls and boys to do strength training.",
"You should eat food full of energy today for tomorrow's game."
] | 0A
|
nutrition
|
mmlu_labeled
|
A home computer not only helps children master the old ways of learning, but also opens up possibilities that simply aren't available in traditional education. Some software, for example, allows kids to make decisions and see the results in different situations. The World Wide Web encourages young minds to move easily from link to link, topic to topic. The best software draws children into learning by making them curious--what if I click on this picture, drag this over here, visit that website? Knowing how to use a computer also encourages a child's confidence. Kids figure out quickly that computers are powerful, and mastering the machine makes them feel grown-up. In turn, feeling confident on a computer often translates to academic confidence. Researchers have found that attitudes toward writing, for example, improve when students write on a computer. Perhaps most importantly, computers can enrich family life. Forget the idea that computer kids are separated. Children like to use the computer with adults and other kids, asking questions and comparing results. "The Internet is a unique opportunity to bring resources home, "notes Susan Haugland, PhD, Cape Girardeau, Mo. , author of Computer and Young Children:A World of Discovery. Although the benefits of computers are real, they have disadvantages, too. Kids can lose their way, wasting hours on mindless software of violent games. Just as parents have always helped children make good choices about everything from friends to food, books to TV, now we must make sure they get the best out of computers. Which of the following is NOT an advantage of a home computer?
|
[
"It provides new ways of learning.",
"It encourages children' confidence.",
"It can enrich family life.",
"Kids can play violent games on it."
] | 3D
|
college_computer_science
|
mmlu_labeled
|
THE human face doesn't lie. We show sadness and happiness through our expressions. But exactly how many emotions can our face make?Scientists used to believe we had six basic facial expressions that tell others how we feel: sad, happy, surprised, fearful, angry and disgusted . But a new study shows that our faces can do more than we think. Scientists from Ohio State University found out that humans can actually make 21 different facial expressions after studying how people move their facial muscles. The scientists took pictures of 230 volunteers making faces in response to different cues .These cues included phrases like "you just got some great unexpected news", which produced a "happily surprised" reaction from volunteers. Other cues included "you smell a bad odor ", which caused "disgusted" faces. In total, around 5,000 pictures were taken of the volunteers. The scientists then studied similarities of these pictures using a computer expression database. _ helped them to define a facial expression. "That tells us that these 21 emotions are expressed in the same way by nearly everyone," said DrAleix Martinez to The Daily Telegraph. For example, to express surprise, 92 percent of volunteers widened their eyes and opened their mouth. And 99 percent raised their cheeks and smiled to show being happy. We are not always aware of our facial expressions, which can hold clues to how we really feel. So these results may have a big impact on medical treatment. If doctors were able to recognize more complex emotions, it would help doctors treat patients suffering from certain diseases. How didscientists from Ohio State University find out the number of facial expressions?
|
[
"They studied how people move their eyes.",
"They studied how people move their mouths.",
"They studied how people move their facial muscles.",
"They studied how people move their eye balls."
] | 2C
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
We all know that if we want to keep our body in good shape we have to do physical exercise regularly as well as be careful with what we eat. What we tend to forget is that this goes for our eyes as well. Medical science confirms that a diet rich in carotenoids can help maintain good vision and prevent against a number of eye diseases. Here's some advice about how to choose the right diet to keep your eyes healthy. -- Eat orange food. Fruits and vegetables with orange flesh are rich in carotenoids. In addition to carrots,oranges,pumpkins and sweet potatoes are also available. All of these contain high levels of carotenoids,which help to maintain good vision. -- Include dark green vegetables,such as spinach and broccoli in your diet, to act as natural sunglasses. Recent scientific studies have shown that these vegetables can help block the damaging UV radiation from the sun's rays. -- Prevent some eye diseases with orange juice, yellow corn, whole milk, nuts and leafy vegetables. These foods are good sources of vitamins A, C, D and E. All of these are necessary to good eye health. -- Increase your intake of omega!3 with some sea fish, and some other seafood. Omega-3 helps build cell walls and is especially beneficial to keeping eyes healthy .It also helps regulate the eye's internal pressure and helps the eye dry up excess fluid. Which of the following can help block the damaging UV radiation from the sun's rays?
|
[
"Pumpkins.",
"Juice.",
"Nuts.",
"Broccoli."
] | 3D
|
nutrition
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Many people often lose their friends and they don't know how to keep a long friendship. So how can you keep a long friendship? The following passage explains very well about this matter. The first thing you need to do is to become a good listener. In this way, you show your friends that you are interested in their lives. You want to know more about them and you want to help them solve their problems. They will cherish the friendship more if they know you care about them. The next thing is that you should respect other people's privacy. People usually don't like others to know about their private life, so you should show respect toward their privacy. Sometimes, they need some suggestions from others, but this does not mean that others can know about their entire life. So respect for privacy is a must for keeping a long friendship. The third important thing is that you need to be able to forgive. You must remember that nobody is perfect in this world. It is important to forgive others not to blame them for the mistakes they have already made. You are not perfect either. Thus you need to apologize to others for the mistakes you may have made. Pay attention to the three things above, and you will be able to have long friendship. What does the writer suggest you do if your friend makes a mistake?
|
[
"Blame him.",
"Forgive him.",
"Tell him why it is so.",
"Leave him immediately."
] | 1B
|
human_sexuality
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Note: 1gigawtt =" 1000" megawatts SAN FRANCISCO -- Apple is cleaning up its manufacturing operations in China to reduce the air pollution caused by the factories that have assembled hundreds of millions of iPhones and iPads during the past eight years. The world's most valuable company is working with its Chinese suppliers to eventually produce 2.2 gigawatts of solar power and other renewable energy. The commitment announced Wednesday represents Apple's latest attempt to prevent the popularity of its devices and digital services from increasing the carbon emissions that are widely believed to change the Earth's climate. Apple Inc. estimates 20 million tons of greenhouse gas pollution will be avoided as more of its suppliers rely on renewable energy between now and 2020. That's like having four million fewer cars on the road for a year. Panels capable of generating about 200 megawatts of solar power will be financed by Apple in the northern, southern and eastern regions of China, where many of its suppliers are located. The company is teaming up with its Chinese suppliers to build the capacity for the remaining 2 gigawatts of renewable energy, which will be a mix of solar, wind and hydroelectric power. Foxconn, which runs the factory where the most iPhones are assembled, is pledging to contribute 400 megawatts of solar power as part of the 2-gigawatt commitment. The solar panels to be built by 2018 in China's Henan Province are supposed to produce as much renewable energy as Foxconn's Zhengzhou factory consumes while making iPhones. Apple has made protecting the environment a higher priority since Tim Cook replaced the late Steve Jobs as the company's CEO four years ago. "Climate change is one of the great challenges of our time, and the time for action is now," Cook said in a statement. "The transition to a new green economy requires innovation, ambition and purpose." Apple just completed projects in China that generate 40 megawatts of solar energy to cover the power required by its 24 stores and 19 offices in the country. All of Apple's data centers, offices and stores in the U.S. already have been running on renewable energy. "When you look at all the air pollution in China, all the manufacturing that is done there has a lot to do with it, so this is a significant step in the right direction," said Gary Cook, a senior analyst for Greenpeace, a group devoted to protecting the environment. Apple also has a financial motivation to help make China a better place to live. The greater China region is Apple's second biggest market behind the U.S. Tim Cook has made it clear that he wants the company to make even more progress as rising incomes enable more of China's population to buy smart phones and other gadgets. Apple can easily afford to go green. The company had $203 billion in cash at the end of June. This story has been reflected to correct that Apple and its suppliers haven't set a timetable for producing the 2.2 gigawatts of renewable energy in China. What is Gary Cook's attitude towards Apple's commitment?
|
[
"Optimistic",
"Supportive",
"Doubtful",
"Indifferent"
] | 1B
|
computer_security
|
mmlu_labeled
|
American parents usually think that their child should not have more pocket money than the children with whom he regularly connects, even if they are wealthier.But neither are children expected to compare with the richer if a large family, heavy responsibilities, or other conditions make it necessary to give a child less spending money than is customary in the neighborhood. Whatever the pocket money is, its entire use is not controlled by the parents, because a child learns to use money correctly only through dealing with it himself.If a seven-year-old child gets a quarter as a week pocket money and is made to put it all in his _ to save it up, he gets no idea what the real use for the money is.He gets the shiny coins and they soon disappear. The idea of a bank account is too early for so small a child, although he can be made to understand and enjoy saving his coins--not all of them, only a part of what he receives--to buy something he especially wants.By the time he is eight he is old enough to take part in the opening of his own savings account, parents may take him to the bank, open a savings account for him and encourage him to put a certain quantity or any checks he receives as gifts into the bank and watch his bank savings grow as entry by entry is made. He will be saving, earning, and spending suitable quantities all along in order to learn how to manage money and to keep him in a favorable position with his friend.The boy who can't join his fellows in a sweet shop once in a while, because he has to save every cent he gets or earns for some big unknown project his parents have chosen for him, is a sorry child. Why does the writer think the boy is a sorry one if he saves every cent he gets or earns?
|
[
"Because he can not manage his money and is kept himself in an unfavorable position",
"Because he can not join the fellows in a sweet shop once in a while",
"Because he can not learn the use of money through spending it himself",
"Because he can not have any other choice but save, earn of spend money"
] | 0A
|
high_school_microeconomics
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Penguins are lovely animals. Most people like them. But now as many as 10 of the 17 kinds of penguins are in danger of disappearing. The number of penguins has decreased by ( ) 30% since 1987. Penguins are black and white birds that live in the southern part of the world. They are common in the Antarctic Continent ,New Zealand, Australia and South America. Many live near cold waters . But some live near warm waters in Galapagos Islands. Penguins cannot fly, but they are fine swimmers. The shape of their body helps them to survive. Penguins eat fish and krill . They have short wings that help them to dive up to 900 feet to catch larger fish. They can swim 10-15 kilometers an hour which lets them protect themselves. They also have lots of body oil that helps in keeping them dry in the water. The warming of the earth is the reason for the decrease in the number of penguins. The hotter and hotter air has caused ocean waters to become warmer. Higher water temperature has decreased the fish and krill. Some years later these birds are completely unable toreproduce. And many adult penguins die of hunger. Too much fishing, exploration for oil and oil leaks also make penguins be in danger. Poisonous things in ocean waters are another danger. Penguins also have their enemies, including sharks, seals and sea lions. Which of the following is NOT the reason for the decrease in the number penguins?
|
[
"The warming of the earth.",
"Too much fishing.",
"Natural disasters.",
"Poisonous things in ocean waters."
] | 2C
|
college_biology
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Here is some news of the future. March 20, 2035 There was a lot of news around the life extension drugs that hit the market a decade ago. They didn't promise that you would like forever, but they gave you a chance to extend your life an extra five to ten years. Even though the life expectancy rate at birth has increased greatly, the life expectancy for seniors hasn't improved that much. Basically, you have a greater chance to become a senior, but you will not have a much longer lifespan, and this is where the anti-aging drugs intend to kick in. So, do the anti-aging drugs work? Well,it is too early to tell. But the sales so far are very good. April 19, 2035 Of the total US population of 378 million, people over 65 years of age now make up 20% for the first time. The senior ratio of only 4.1% by year 1900, and 12.4% 30 years ago. The number of people above 65 compared to those of what is considered working ages, between 15 and 64, is currently 33.7%. This is up from 18.5% since year 2005, which means that for every retired person there are now two workers, compared to four workers 30 years ago. The number of people above the age of 80 has grown to 23.8 million, making them 6.3% of the total population compared to 3.6% in 2005. April 12, 2040 Although introduced in the market only five years ago, 10% of all hydrogen fuel now sold in the US is of the environmentally friendly Re-Hydro label, produced through eletrolysis based on a source of 100% renewable energy. Several producers have turned to producing Re-Hydro, mainly because of lower tax, which also keeps the price of Re-Hydro on the same level as regular hydrogen. Most analysts believe that Re-Hydro will be the dominating fuel in the future. The sales of the life extension drugs so far clearly show that _ .
|
[
"people have no faith in them",
"people want to give them a try",
"they work very well for seniors",
"they have no effect on people's health"
] | 1B
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Climate change, global warming, the greenhouse effect ... these days nobody denies that there is something strange and worrying happening to the atmosphere. Scientists are puzzled by the rise in carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. They are afraid that the world may be a short way from what they refer to as uncontrolled global warming. At Mauna Loa Observatory in Hawaii, meteorologists have been carefully monitoring the amount of carbon dioxide in the Earth's atmosphere for the past 50 years. Until recently, there has been a gradual increase of around 1.5 parts per million (ppm). In 2013 the figure rose to 2.08 ppm and in the following year they registered an increase of 2.54 ppm. .Climate analysts feel that it istoo soon to draw conclusions about the phenomenon although the public are concerned that the carbon dioxide emissions are getting out of control. Jason Samenow, the chief meteorologist in the American National Weather Service,thinks that instead of having decades to find a solution to the problem, people might have only a few years. He believes that the Earth's natural systems for absorbing the gas are breaking down resulting in the uncontrolled green house effect. He insists that this is something that could happen if the Earth'stemperatures rose to such a degree that it was unable to contain the heat. . One interesting aspect of this climate change ng down resulting in the uncontrolled greenhouse effect. He insists that this is something that could happen if the Earth's temperatures rose to such a degree that it was unable to contain the heat.is that it is not happening in a uniform way around the world. Carbon dioxide levels in the South Pole are noticeably lower. This suggests that something has happened in the northern hemisphere that set off the rise. Forest fires in North America might hold the answer to the puzzle, along with very hot summers in Europe. The 2014 heat wave was certainly out of the ordinary. Statistics claim that more than 30,000 people lost their lives as a direct result of the high temperatures. Scientists are being cautious in their interpretations. Most feel that it is too soon to say that a new trend has been set. All agree that the phenomenon needs to be closely observed. What opinion does Jason Samenow hold on the gradual increase of carbon dioxide?
|
[
"People still have decades to solve this problem.",
"Uncontrolled greenhouse effect may happen in some situation.",
"The Earth's natural systems for absorbing the gas have completely broken down.",
"The public shouldn't be responsible for carbon dioxide emissions."
] | 1B
|
astronomy
|
mmlu_labeled
|
When a guitar string is plucked, sound is produced by
|
[
"the size of the guitar.",
"the metal on the guitar.",
"the wood on the guitar.",
"the vibrations of the string."
] | 3D
|
high_school_physics
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Which object is the best conductor of electricity?
|
[
"a wax crayon",
"a plastic spoon",
"a rubber eraser",
"an iron nail"
] | 3D
|
high_school_physics
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Some scientists say that animals in the ocean are increasingly threatened by noise pollution caused by human beings. The noise that affects sea animals comes from a number of human activities. Such noises are added to natural sounds. These sounds include the breaking of ice fields, underwater earthquakes, and sounds made by animals themselves. Decibels measured in water are different from those measured on land. A noise of one hundred and twenty decibels on land caused pain to human ears. In water, a decibel level of one hundred and ninety-five would have the same effect. Some scientists have planned to set a noise limit of one hundred and twenty decibels in oceans. They have found that noises at that level can frighten and confuse whales. A team of American and Canadian scientists discovered that loud noises can seriously hurt some animals. The research team found that powerful underwater explosions were causing whales in the area to lose their hearing. This seriously affected the whales' ability to exchange information and find their way. Some of the whales even died. The explosions had caused their ears to bleed and become infected. Many researchers whose work depends on ocean sounds disagree to a limit of one hundred and twenty decibels. They say such a limit would mean an end to important industrial and scientific research. Scientists do not know how much and what kinds of noises are harmful to ocean animals. However, many scientists suspect that noise is a greater danger than they believed. They want to stop noises from harming creatures in the ocean. As to the influence of noises on whales, which of the following statements is TRUE?
|
[
"They are deaf because of noises.",
"Noises at a certain level may hurt them.",
"They are easily confused by noises.",
"Noises will limit their ability to reproduce."
] | 1B
|
college_biology
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Scientists from the University of East Anglia have identified four new man-made gases that are contributing to the damage to the ozone layer. Two of the gases are accumulating at a rate that is causing concern among researchers. Worries over the growing ozone hole have seen the production of chlorofluorocarbon (CFC) gases restricted since the mid 1980s. But the precise origin of these new, similar substances remains a mystery. Lying in the atmosphere, the ozone layer plays a critical role in blocking harmful UV rays, which cause cancers in humans and reproductive problems in animals. Scientists from the British Antarctic Survey were the first to discover a huge "hole" in the ozone over Antarctica in 1985. The evidence quickly pointed to CFC gases, which were invented in the 1920s, and were widely used in refrigeration. Extraordinarily, global action was rapidly agreed to deal with CFCs and the Montreal Protocol to limit these substances came into being in 1987. A total global ban on production came into force in 2010. Now, the newly discovered four new gases can destroy ozone and are getting into the atmosphere from as yet unidentified sources. Three of the gases are CFCs and one is a hydrochlorofluorocarbon (HCFC), which can also damage ozone. The research has shown that four gases were not around in the atmosphere at all until the 1960s, which suggests they are man-made. The scientists discovered the gases by analyzing polar snow pack. Air from this snow is a natural archive of what was in the atmosphere up t0 100 years ago. The researchers also looked at modern air samples, collected at remote Cape Grim in Tasmania. They estimate that about 74,000 tonnes of these gases have been released into the atmosphere. Two of the gases are accumulating at significant rates. However, they don't know where the new gases are being released from and this should be investigated. Possible sources include chemicals for insecticide production and solvents for cleaning electronic components. The three CFCs are being destroyed very slowly in the atmosphere - so even if emissions were to stop immediately, they will still be around for many decades to come. Of the four species identified, CFC-113a seems the most worrying as there is a very small but growing emission source somewhere, maybe from agricultural insecticides. We should find it and take it out of production. What do we know about the newly discovered gases?
|
[
"Some are surely produced by the development of agriculture.",
"The CFCs will have a long impact once they are released.",
"They gather together in the atmosphere at a medium speed.",
"Their amounts are not large enough to cause damage to us."
] | 1B
|
college_chemistry
|
mmlu_labeled
|
If you were to come up with a list of organizations whose failures had done the most damage to the American economy in recent years,you would probably have to start with the Wall Street firms that brought us the financial.From there,you might move on to the automakers in Detroit. But I would suggest that the list should also include a less obvious nominee:public education. At its top level,the American system of higher education may be the best in the world.Yet in terms of its core mission-turning teenagers into educated college graduates--much of the system is failing. The United States does a good job enrolling teenagers in college,but only half of the students who enroll end up with a bachelor's degree. So identifying the causes of the college dropout crisis m the world's largest economy matters enormously, and a new book called Crossing the Finish Line tries to do precisely that.Its authors are economists William Bowen and Michael.McPherson,and a doctoral candidate Matthew Chigoes.The first problem they diagnose is something they call tender-matching. It refers to students who choose not to attend the best college they can get into.They instead go to a less selective one,perhaps one that is closer to home or less expensive.About half of the low--income students with a grade-point average of at least3.5 in high school and an SAT score of at least 1,200 do not attend the best college they could have. "I was really astonished by the degree to which well--qualified students from poor families under-matched," said Mr.Bowen. In fact,well-off students attend the colleges that do the best job of producing graduates.Meanwhile,lower-income students-even when they are better qualified--often go to colleges that excel in producing drop-outs."It's really a waste,"Mr.Bowen said,"and a big problem for the country."As the authors point out, the only way to lift the college graduation rate significantly is to lift it among poor and working--class students. Instead,it appears to have fallen. What can be done? Money is clearly part of the answer. The title of the Book Crossing the Finish Line probably means _ .
|
[
"running to the end of the line",
"going to college",
"finishing college education",
"working hard in college"
] | 2C
|
high_school_macroeconomics
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Which object has the most thermal energy?
|
[
"a meatball at a temperature of 139°F",
"a meatball at a temperature of 126°F",
"a meatball at a temperature of 111°F"
] | 0A
|
natural science
|
scienceqa
|
Entering Space, astronauts can give us a fascinating account of a shuttle flight, describing the pressure of a countdown and launch, the complexities of living the days in the strange weightless environment, the challenges of working in space, the emotional effect of seeing earth from space, the drama of the meteoric landing. However, there are also plenty of things that astronauts can't do because of their weightless environment, and that's very sad. What's more, they can't even let their sadness show, because it's impossible to cry in zero gravity. Of course, astronauts can still produce tears. But crying is much more difficult in space, reported The Atlantic in January. Without gravity, tears don't flow downward out of the eyes like they do here on Earth. This means that when you cry in space, your tears have nowhere to go - they just stick to your eyes. In May 2011, astronaut Andrew Feustel experienced this during one of his spacewalks. "Tears," he said, "don't fall off of your eye... They just kind of stay there." Besides making your vision unclear, this can also cause physical pain. Back on Earth, tears are supposed to bring comfort to the eyes. But that's not the case in space. The space environment dries out astronauts' eyes, and when tears suddenly wet the eyes, it can cause pain rather than comfort. "My right eye is painful like crazy." Feustel told his teammate during the walk. Since gravity doesn't work in space, astronauts need some extra help to get rid of the tears. Feustel chose to rub his eyes against his helmet to wipe the tears away. Another choice is to just wait - "When the tears get big enough they simply break free of the eye and float around," astronaut Ron Parise told The Atlantic. There are lots of small things - things like crying - that we are so used to on Earth. We usually take them for granted, until they become a problem in a totally different environment, like space. There, astronauts can't talk to each other directly. They also can't eat or drink in normal ways. They can't even burp , because there is no gravity to hold the food down in their stomach. If they do burp, they just end up throwing up everything in their stomach, according to the UK National Space Center. Thus, perhaps it's only space explorers who can honestly say: "Gravity, you're the best." What can the astronaut do to get rid of the tears?
|
[
"Get the tears big enough to break away from his eyes.",
"Get the tears big enough to fall off of his eyes.",
"Rub his eyes against his helmet to let the tears float forward.",
"Rub his eyes by hand to let the tears float around."
] | 0A
|
astronomy
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Rosaria discovered a type of structure she could not identify in a sample of pond water. Her teacher looked into her microscope and explained that they were zygotes produced by one of the protists in her sample. The zygotes belong to which protist?
|
[
"amoeba",
"euglena",
"paramecium",
"volvox"
] | 3D
|
natural_science
|
ai2_arc_challenge
|
Dear Editor, I am unhappy these days.I am a student in Grade 3 of a middle school. I want to be a policewoman in the future. But my mother doesn't like the job. She always says it is too dangerous for a girl to work as a policewoman. She thinks girls should work in the office. She hopes that I can work as a teacher. But I really dislike being a teacher. I don't like work with children. When I talk with her about it , she is often angry. She always thinks she is right. I don't know what to do. Can you help me? Yours, Lily Which of the following is TURE ?
|
[
"Lily's mother is right",
"Lily thinks it's terrible to be a policewoman.",
"Lily's mother likes to talk with Lily about the job.",
"Lily needs the editor's help."
] | 3D
|
human_sexuality
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Who is smarter, human being or artificial intelligence(AI, )?The question swept the world a few months ago. In March 2016, AlphaGo, an AI program developed by Google, had the Go match with Lee Sedol, a South Korean Go player. He is the world top player of this old Chinese game. In October 2015, AlphaGo became the first computer program to beat a professional human Go player. And this time, it beat Lee Sedol 4-1. In fact, before the match, most people believed that Lee would certainly be the winner, because they didn't think that AI was good enough to beat the human mind. However, the result was disappointing. As a machine, AlphaGo would never get tired, while Lee Sedol was only a human and humans must have some weaknesses. AlphaGo's wins over a human champion show that computers can do more difficult tasks. Some people may worry whether computers are now smart enough to beat us at everything. But scientists say that is not the case. Real life problems can be more difficult than the Go game. Thomas Johnson, a scientist of AI said, "It's not hard to get a computer program to remember and produce facts. What is hard is getting computers to use knowledge in everyday situation. " We believe we can use the technology of AI to improve the world. What was the result of the match?
|
[
"Google program beat AlphaGo.",
"Lee Sedol won AlphaGo 4-1.",
"Lee Sedol was beaten.",
"Neither side won the match."
] | 2C
|
college_computer_science
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Ms. Bristol measured the mass of a closed beaker containing several ice cubes. The mass was 100 g. An hour later, after the ice cubes had melted, Ms. Bristol measured the mass of the beaker again. What was the mass of the beaker of water the second time?
|
[
"50 g",
"75 g",
"100 g",
"125 g"
] | 2C
|
college_physics
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Soon computers and other machines will be able to remember you by looking at your eyes! The program works because everyone's eyes are different. So in the future you won't have to remember a number when you want to use a machine or take money out of a bank. You'll just have to look at the machine and it will be able to tell who you are. The eye-recognition program is already being tested in shops and banks in the USA, Britain and France. Soon, this technology will change all other ways of finding out who people are. However, scientists are working on other systems. Machines will soon be able to know you from the shape of your face or hands or even your smell! We already have machines that can tell who you are from your voice or the mark made by your fingers. Eye-recognition is better than other kinds because your eyes don't change as you get older, or get dirty like hands or fingers. And even twins have different eyes, so the program can be up to 94% correct, depending on how good the technology is. Some programs may only be right 51% of the time. In Britain, it was found that 91% of people who had tried it said that they liked the idea of eye-recognition. In the future your computer will be looking at you in the eye. So smile! The eye-recognition program has already been tested in _ in a few countries.
|
[
"shops and banks",
"libraries and schools.",
"banks and schools",
"hospitals and hotels"
] | 0A
|
college_computer_science
|
mmlu_labeled
|
You know how much your telephone has changed over the past 10 years? Your car will change even more than that in the next 10 years. One of the biggest changes is that cars will drive themselves. "We certainly have the technology for it now."says Andrew Poliak of automotive technology supplier QNX."We expect self-driving cars to be a mainstream thing between 2020 and 2025." The American company Google has been working on self-driving cars for years. These cars are already on the roads in the United States and are truly self-driving. They have to steering wheels or pedals . Last week, the police ordered one of Google's cars to stop for driving too slowly on a public road. The car was not breaking any law, so no one was punished. Another American company, Tesla, added an "Autopilot" feature to its cars last month. With the Autopilot turned on, the vehicle drives itself. The car will speed up, slow down, _ and drive by itself. You can take over driving any time by turning the steering wheel or touching a pedal. The car uses sensors to know when driveway changing is safe and whether it should speed up or slow down. Tesla Autopilot is made for cross-country driving. It keeps you in the driveway and helps you avoid hitting other cars. It does not work well on local roads, for it will not stop at a red light or stop sign. Reporter Carolyn Nicander Mohr tried the Autopilot feature of a Tesla earlier this month. She had a hard time trusting the car to do what it should do. She thought about disabling the Autopilot feature many times during her trip. She wanted to take control at every bend in the road and hit the brake when the car in front of her slowed down. Yet the car drove perfectly. Other companies are working on self-driving cars, too. Marcedes-Benz, Audi, BMW.Volvo and Toyota all have plans for such vehicles. ,A, B, C, D. What do Andrew Poliak's words probably mean?
|
[
"It is too difficult for people to make self-driving cars now.",
"Self-driving cars will be first put on the market in 2020.",
"There will be more self-driving cars in use in the future.",
"Nobody loves to use self-driving cars at the moment."
] | 2C
|
computer_security
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Which tool is used to determine the mass of an object?
|
[
"ruler",
"beaker",
"balance",
"thermometer"
] | 2C
|
high_school_physics
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Select the plant.
|
[
"Woodpeckers eat insects, fruit, and nuts.",
"Fig trees have many leaves."
] | 1B
|
natural science
|
scienceqa
|
Select the mammal.
|
[
"ostrich",
"fire salamander",
"elephant seal",
"parrotfish"
] | 2C
|
natural science
|
scienceqa
|
Q: I currently entered college in New York. Since English is not my first language, I sometimes ask a friend to read my essays to help fix the grammar and language. I believe I'm being graded mainly on my ideas, and my friend helps me get my ideas across better in English. Is this OK? -Mariana A: It's good that you want to succeed in your written work at college. Making use of available resources to help you succeed is a smart strategy . But while you may believe that your instructors don't care as much about how you write as they do about your ideas, that' s not a fair assumption. Certainly, your ideas are important. No matter how polished your writing is, it will not disguise a poorly expressed idea in a paper. But as a college student, being able to organize your thoughts clearly-whether you're speaking in class or writing a paper-is critical to show that you've mastered the material in each course. This does not mean you shouldn't ask others to review your written work before handing it in. That's OK. You should not, however, allow a friend or anyone else to rewrite parts of your papers for you. Instead, ask them to simply let you know about any parts of the paper that are unclear and need work. Many colleges have writing centers where tutors will work with you on your writing-without doing the work for you. Regardless of whether you consult with a friend or a tutor, the right thing is for you to talk to your instructors to ask their advice and let them know you plan to seek assistance with your writing. If you ask them in advance for guidance on what's appropriate and what's not for the written work they assign, that will allow you to be as transparent as possible about how you completed your _ -Professor Byron When asking someone for help on your paper, you should ask him _ .
|
[
"to hand in the paper after reading it",
"to write the difficult part for you",
"to make a writing. plan for you",
"to tell you the part to be improved"
] | 3D
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
What do water, aluminum, redwood trees, and valley quail all have in common?
|
[
"They are all pure elements.",
"They are all made of cells.",
"They are all living creatures.",
"They are all made of atoms."
] | 3D
|
college_biology
|
mmlu_labeled
|
When I had something difficult to do, I used to ask my mum for help. But she always said, "Do it yourself, dear." I was not happy about this at all. I thought she was the laziest mother in the world! For example, one day, some of my friends would come to my home. My bedroom was really untidy. Books were all over the floor, and I didn't make the bed. So I asked my mum to help me clean it, but she still said, "Do it yourself, my daughter." Because of my "lazy mum", I have to wash my clothes and clean my room. I have to help my parents do housework. I even have to go to hospital by myself. It is very hard to do everything well on my own, but I have learnt a lot. As time goes by, I come to understand my mum. She makes me clever and hard-working. How great she is! A good mother is worth 100 teachers! Don't you think so? When you have something difficult to do, you should _ .
|
[
"do nothing",
"ask your mother to do it for you",
"try to do it yourself",
"ask your friends to do it for you"
] | 2C
|
human_sexuality
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Feeling is when a living thing senses through what?
|
[
"sight",
"smell",
"contact",
"taste"
] | 2C
|
human_sexuality
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Finding a friend doesn't seem like a difficult job. However, bad friends are easier to find than good friends these days. If you're sitting there and wondering if you have a bad friend, let me define it for you. A bad friend is someone whose jealousies and insecurities outweigh their love for someone. They night want to be a good friend but they're too messed up in their own head to ever actually do it. They wonder if their friends are going out without them or if they're being forgotten and left behind. People who are violently insecure don't have what it takes to be the quality of a friend. Bad friends are narcissistic .They look for any opportunity to bring the conversation back to them. Worse, they might not even be aware that they're doing it. In their mind, they might think they are the best friend ever, which is truly frightening. Bad friends are quick-change. They're by your side when you're fun and you have something to give them but as soon as you're going through a difficult time, they will become indifferent quickly. They won't bring you cold medicine. They won't give you a ride to the doctor, everything they do is self-serving. If you find a friend who has these same characteristics, send them to your bad friend list immediately. Your friends are supposed to be the solution to your problems, not the source. I believe your twenties are a time when you need positive and helpful friends. In such a time, friendships aren't easy to maintain like they once were in school. Now we actually have to put work into it, we have to make a conscious effort to keep the friendship going. You need to ask yourself, "Is this person worth it? Do they treat me like a fool or what?" if your have doubts, try to make them clear by considering the past experiences. Toxic friendships do nothing but drag you down. My point is that you have to take care of yourself and stop getting in touch with your bad friends. Only surround yourself with people who bring out the best qualities in you. It may sound cruel but it's true,. We can infer from the passage that a bad friend will _ when you have trouble.
|
[
"feel worried as you do",
"try hard to help you out",
"do nothing but leave you",
"pay more attention to you"
] | 2C
|
human_sexuality
|
mmlu_labeled
|
As the new term starts, freshmen around the world are asking the same question: how can I make the best of four years at college? The New York Times received suggestions recently from PhD students and seniors at some of the top universities . Here is their advice. "Many young people today are raised in a protective cocoon ", wrote Tim Novikoff, a PhD student at Comell. "College is a time to explore the world beyond and a chance to learn new things about yourself. Take classes in different subjects. Try lots of different clubs and activities." Remember also to take some time away from campus, suggested Willie Lin, a student at Washington University. " _ " Try to find work assisting a researcher or a professor---this is the advice from Aman Singh Gill, a PhD student at Stony Brook University. And he also said, "With a window into the world of research, you will find yourself thinking more critically, accepting fewer states at face value and perhaps developing a brave sense of what you can accomplish." Many young people can't imagine even a single day without devices such as computers and cell phones. But try to keep yourself off them, cautioned Christine Smallwood, a PhD student at Columbia University. Start by scheduling a few Internet-free hours each day, with your phone turned off. It's the only way you'll be able to read anything serious. "This will also have the benefit of making you harder to reach, and thus more mysterious and fascinating to new friends and acquaintances ," she suggested. This passage is mainly about _ .
|
[
"tips from some students for college life",
"ways to read something serious regularly",
"days without cell-phones and computers",
"chances to go to university you really like"
] | 0A
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Complete the statement.
During this chemical reaction, the solution becomes ().
|
[
"colder",
"warmer"
] | 0A
|
natural science
|
scienceqa
|
"Global warming could make humans shorter," warn scientists who claim to have found evidence that it caused the world's first horses to shrink nearly 50 million years ago. In fact, a team from the universities of Florida and Nebraska says it has found a link between the Earth heating up and the size of mammals - horses, in this case. The scientists used fossils to follow the evolution of horses from their earliest appearance 56 million years ago. As temperature went up,their size went down, and vice versa ;" At one point they were as small as a house cat," said Dr Jonathan Bloch, curator of the Florida Museum of Natural History, which was quoted by the "Daily Mail" as saying. The scientists say that the current warming could have the same effect on mammals and could even make humans smaller."Horses started out small, about the size of a small dog . What's surprising is that after they first appeared, they then became even smaller and then dramatically increased in size, and that exactly _ the global warming event, followed by cooling" "It had been known that mammals were small during that time and that it was warm, but we hadn't realized that temperature specifically was driving the evolution of body size," Dr Bloch said in the "Science" journal. How did scientists find out the horses' earliest appearance millions of years ago?
|
[
"searching the data on the net",
"sorting through the pictures of ancient times",
"using fossils to follow the evolution",
"analyzing the related images"
] | 2C
|
college_biology
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Huaihua Foreign Language School Lin Nan, Teacher of English Yingfeng Street, Huaihua, China Tel:0745-2709348 Fax:0745-2709756 E-mail: [email protected] Bp:1240822018Zip code:418000 Daqing Children's Hospital Liu Hong, Doctor 12 Xingling Road, Changchun, Jilin 130027 Tel:0431-5645972 13704358529(mobile) Fax:0431-5768904 E-mail:[email protected] Red Star Farm Zhang Hui, Farmer Shangping Village, Zhejiang, 419100 Tel: 0745-6826194 13973098479(mobile) Bp:1270803706 Tiantai Taxi Company Yang Jun, Driver 235St. Tongzhi, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 31007 Tel:0571-7038385 Fax:0571-7065834 E-mail:[email protected] Bp:1992301636 You may telephone _ for help if your grandmother is ill.
|
[
"Yang Jun",
"Zhang Hui",
"Liu Hong",
"Li Nan"
] | 2C
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
The bonding of oxygen to red blood cells is important to the body because it enables the body to
|
[
"absorb nutrients from food.",
"make energy from light.",
"maintain a constant temperature.",
"perform aerobic respiration in cells."
] | 3D
|
college_biology
|
mmlu_labeled
|
What do these two changes have in common?
crushing a mineral into powder
pouring milk on oatmeal
|
[
"Both are chemical changes.",
"Both are only physical changes.",
"Both are caused by cooling.",
"Both are caused by heating."
] | 1B
|
natural science
|
scienceqa
|
When a caterpillar feeds on a tomato leaf , the plant moves rapidly to meet with a defensive response , systematically releasing " proteinase inhibitors " -- proteins that interfere with the caterpillar's digestion -- throughout the plant , especially in the leaves . But how does the message get from the wounded leaf to the rest of the plant ? Most scientists believed the alarm was spread by chemical messengers until a team of researchers headed by David Weldon-- a biologist at the University of East Anglia in Norwich , England -- made a shocking discovery . An injured leaf , the researchers found , sends an electrical signal to warn neighboring leaves of upcoming danger . It's a " terribly tiny current " driven by an electrical potential difference of only 20 millvolts , says Weldon , who measured the voltage after electrodes were attached to the plant's surface . " Right now , all we can say is that there is a correlation , " Weldon notes . " If you wound the plant , you'll see an electrical signal accompanied by a biochemical response . " To learn more about the reaction , Weldon's team plans to insert electrodes within the pant tissue ( rather than on the surface ) to determine what's going on at the cellular level . The findings may help explain other mysteries surrounding plants . For example , many plants start to flower in springtime , as days grow longer , but plants sense the change in the day length through their leaves , while flowers begin to bloom at the buds . " There must be a signal from the leaf to the growing points , " Weldon says . " So far , no one has come up with a convincing chemical mechanism . Maybe an electrical signal is involved . " What question do scientists hope to answer with further research ? _
|
[
"Do plants send chemical messengers that register pain ?",
"Do plants create cell tissues that help rebuild the leaves ?",
"Do plants create proteinase inhibitors that warn them of danger ?",
"Do plants send electrical signals that tell them it is time to grow ?"
] | 3D
|
college_biology
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Which drop of dish soap has less thermal energy?
|
[
"the colder drop of dish soap",
"the hotter drop of dish soap"
] | 0A
|
natural science
|
scienceqa
|
When was the last time your family sat down together to have a dinner? The speed at which we live today no longer allows for slow eating habits. Most people work long hours. There is lots of fast food and eating out is now on the increase. Often, food is eaten in front of the television in silence, or a child eats alone in front of the computer. When I was a child, every evening around the same time, one of the children would be asked to set the table, and then we'd go and wash our hands: before the meal. This was the time of day when we would talk about our day at school. But now things have changed a lot. A family environment plays an important role for children in learning to communicate with others and understanding table manners, such as waiting for others to finish before leaving the table and not speaking with a mouth full of food. Parents' likes and dislikes of a certain food will also influence a child's own likes and dislikes. Studies have shown that children who often eat with their families have better results at school than children who eat with their families less than twice a week. Regular meal times give children the chance to discuss their problems with family members. They can also learn to respect others around the table. Talking to your children over dinner is the best way of having their-trust. Children learn good eating habits from their parents at a very young age. Family meals are important. Prepare them for your children. Which word can best describe the writer's attitude towards eating together with families?
|
[
"Supportive.",
"Doubtful.",
"Worried.",
"Grateful."
] | 0A
|
nutrition
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Long-time exposure to air pollution can lead to physical changes in the brain and cause trouble in learning and memory, and even anxiety. This is suggested by the results of new research on mice. While other studies have shown the harmful effects of polluted air in the lungs and heart, this is the first to show the negative effect on the brain. The team of Laura Fonken, Randy Nelson , from the Ohio State University, the USA, has spread to the brain a previous line of research which found that fine particulate matter floating in the air mainly because of air pollution caused by humans, causes swelling in much of the body, and may be related to high blood pressure problems, and some other diseases. In the research Fonken and his colleagues exposed mice to polluted air for six hours each day, five days a week, over a period of 10 months, almost half the average life length of mice. Polluted air contains fine particles created by cars, factories and natural dust. Fine particles of this kind are tiny, about 2.5 micrometers in diameter , or about one-thirtieth the width of a human hair. These particles can go deep into lungs and other organs. The concentration of this particulate material to which they exposed mice is equal to the concentration at which people can be exposed in some polluted urban areas. After a period of 10 months, the researchers got the animals to have a series of behavioral tests. Both the behavior of mice and the results of neurological tests done to them show that those within the polluted air had more problems in learning and memory, and higher levels of anxiety. The results suggest that long-time exposure to polluted air can have measurable negative effects on the human brain and can cause a variety of mental health problems. This could have important consequences for those living and working in polluted urban areas. The results of new research on mice first suggest that polluted air mainly does harm to _ .
|
[
"normal organs",
"lungs and heart",
"mental health",
"blood pressure"
] | 2C
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
The count of rings in a pine has a one to one relationship with the number of years it has
|
[
"shrunk",
"produced pine cones",
"had mistletoe",
"grown"
] | 3D
|
college_biology
|
mmlu_labeled
|
People believe that climbing can do good to health. Where can you learn the skill of climbing then? If you think that you have to go to the mountains to learn how to climb,you're wrong. Many Americans are learning to climb in city gyms . Here,people are learning on special climbing walls. The climbing wall goes straight up and has small holding places for hands and feet. How do people climb the wall? To climb,you need special shoes and a harness around your chest to hold you. There are ropes tied to your harness. The ropes hold you in place so that you don't fall. A beginner's wall is usually about 15 feet high,and you climb straight up. There are small pieces of metal that stick out for you to stand on and hold on to. Sometimes it's easy to see the new piece of metal. Sometimes, it's not. The most difficult part is to control your fear. It's normal for humans to be afraid of falling, so it's difficult not to feel fear. But when you move away from the wall,the harness and the ropes hold you,and you begin to feel safe. You move slowly until you reach the top. Climbing attracts people because it's good exercise for almost everyone. You use your whole body,especially your arms and legs. This sport gives your body a complete _ . When you climb,both your mind and your body can become stronger. Why does the author write this passage?
|
[
"To tell people where to find gyms.",
"To prove the basic need for climbing.",
"To encourage people to climb mountains.",
"To introduce the sport of wall climbing."
] | 3D
|
nutrition
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Where is the smallest negatively-charged particle found in an atom?
|
[
"nucleus",
"orbits in the nucleus",
"orbits around the nucleus",
"between the proton and neutron"
] | 2C
|
natural_science
|
ai2_arc_challenge
|
When a person expires they
|
[
"come back alive",
"rejuvenate",
"decompose",
"rejoice"
] | 2C
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
What is the volume of a paper drinking cup?
|
[
"185 liters",
"185 milliliters"
] | 1B
|
natural science
|
scienceqa
|
Using only these supplies, which question can Lacey investigate with an experiment?
|
[
"Do larger basketballs bounce higher than smaller basketballs on a brick patio?",
"Does the basketball bounce higher on a lawn or on a dirt path?",
"Does the basketball bounce higher on gravel or on grass?"
] | 2C
|
natural science
|
scienceqa
|
A group of professional people put this question to a group of 4 to 8 year-olds, "What does love mean?" The answers they got were broader and deeper than anyone could have imagined: "When my grandmother got arthritis , she couldn't bend over and paint her toenails any more. So my grandfather does it for her all the time, even when his hands got arthritis too. That's love." Rebecca-----age 8 "Love is when you go out to eat and give somebody most of your French fries without making them give you any of theirs." Chrissy-----age 6 "Love is when my mommy makes coffee for my daddy and she takes a sip before giving it to him, to make sure the taste is OK." Danny----age 7 "Love is when you tell a guy you like his shirt, and then he wears it every day." Noelle----age 7 "My mommy loves me more than anybody. You don't see anyone else kissing me to sleep at night." Clare---- age 6 "Love is when my mommy sees Daddy smelly and sweaty and still says he is handsomer than Robert Redford." Chris----age 7 Author and lecturer Leo Buscaglia once talked about a contest he was asked to judge. The purpose of the contest was to find the most caring child. The winner was a four-year-old child whose next door neighbor was an elderly gentleman who had recently lost his wife. Upon seeing the man cry, the little boy went into the old gentleman's yard, climbed onto his lap, and just sat there. When his mother asked him what he had said to the neighbor, the little boy said, "Nothing. I just helped him cry." How many children talk about love between a husband and wife?
|
[
"Three",
"Four",
"Five",
"Six"
] | 0A
|
human_sexuality
|
mmlu_labeled
|
The electron configuration 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 signifies the ground state of the element
|
[
"V",
"Ti",
"Co",
"Ca"
] | 3D
|
high_school_chemistry
|
mmlu
|
When a battery operated train is turned on, it moves along the track. Which best identifies the order of the types of energy used to make the train move?
|
[
"mechanical, chemical, electrical",
"electrical, chemical, mechanical",
"electrical, mechanical, chemical",
"chemical, electrical, mechanical"
] | 3D
|
natural_science
|
ai2_arc_challenge
|
If the eyes are the windows of the soul, then the body is the mirror of our feelings. If we are feeling great, we may give our body signals . If we look at someone else's body, we can often tell how they are feeling by their body signals. So reading body language signals is a great tool in daily communication. In case you don't think that learning how to read and use body language is important, here are some numbers for you. 7% of the information we receive is from what people actually say, and 38% of the information we receive is from the tone and the speed of their voice; while 55% of the information we receive is from their body language. These non-verbal signals will help you a lot, but you still need to focus on what people are saying. If you focus too much on their body language signals, you and the person may feel uncomfortable. It is useful to be able to read people's body language, but it is useful to learn how to send the right signals and avoid the wrong signals too. Body language may be given several interpretations. Many signals have different meanings, depending on the person and the situation. Be sure of it when you are trying to read a body language signal. According to the writer, body language is very _ .
|
[
"simple to learn",
"negative to be used",
"hard to understand",
"helpful in communication"
] | 3D
|
human_sexuality
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Some birds live in
|
[
"volcanoes that are erupting",
"several planets in the solar system",
"caves found under water",
"large area dominated by trees"
] | 3D
|
high_school_biology
|
mmlu_labeled
|
A group of reporters asked a group of 4-to-8-year-old children this question, "What does love mean?" The answers were surprising. The children would answer like they did below. Rebecca --- age 8 "When my grandmother hurt her knees , she couldn't bend over and paint her toenails any more. So my grandfather would do it for her all the time, even when his hands hurt, too. That's love." Samantha --- age 6 "Love is when someone hurts you, and you get so mad but you don't shout at her because you know it would hurt her feelings." Terry --- age 4 "Love is what makes you smile when you're tired." Bethany --- age 4 "I let my big sister pick on me because my Mum says she only picks on me because she loves me. So I pick on my baby sister because I love her." Lauren --- age 4 "I know my elder sister loves me because she gives me all her old clothes and has to go out and buy new clothes." Elaine --- age 5 "Love is when Mummy gives Daddy the best piece of chicken." Clear --- age 5 "My Mummy loves me more than anybody. You don't see anyone else kissing me to sleep at night." Jessica --- age 8 "You really shouldn't say 'I love you' unless you mean it. But if you mean it, you should say it a lot. People forget." Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage?
|
[
"Rebecca's grandmother ever couldn't bend over.",
"Bethany wants to be picked on by any other person.",
"If Samantha becomes angry, she will not shout at others.",
"Lauren prefers to wear her sister's old clothes."
] | 1B
|
human_sexuality
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Five Things You Should Know About Adult Asthma About 44 million people in Asia Pacific suffer from asthma. The numbers are on the rise especially in China and India where there is rapid industrialization and urbanization. Dr Mariko Koh, Director of the Pulmonary Function Laboratory and Asthma Programme at Singapore General Hospital, tells us more about adult asthma: 1. Chronic inflammation of the airways When the airways are inflamed, mucus forms, blocking airflow, causing breathlessness, wheezing and tightness in the chest. 2. Common triggers Exposure to allergens such as mites, cockroaches, pets and pollen can trigger asthma. Tobacco smoke, respiratory infections, exercise and some medications like aspirin and beta blockers are also possible triggers. 3. Effective treatment Asthma can be controlled with medication. The main treatment of asthma is inhaled corticosteroids to reduce inflammation and block of the airways. Reliever medications may be used to treat acute symptoms. Take note: it is not too late to take medication after an asthma attack. 4. Take medication daily To ensure good control over asthma, medication must be taken daily on a long term basis to prevent attacks. Also, go to your doctor for regular checkups. 5. Quality of life Asthma sufferers can lead normal active lives as long as the symptoms are well controlled. Taking medication as directed and avoiding triggers can make a big difference to the quality of life. What can be inferred from the passage?
|
[
"There is no possible cure for allergic asthma.",
"Asthma is caused by acute inflammation of the airways.",
"China and India have the largest number of asthma sufferers in the world.",
"Regular checkups and exercise can ensure you a life free from asthma symptoms."
] | 0A
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Researchers at Stanford University have developed a new material that can move heat out of buildings and into space. The researchers say the material can cool buildings even on hot days. The cooling material is a very thin sheet with many layers that could be placed on a roof like solar panels . However, instead of turning sunlight into energy as solar panels do, the material turns heat into radiation. Shanhui Fan is an electrical engineering professor at Stanford University. He says that the panels have a layer of material that is like sand. The panels act like a mirror. They take heat out of buildings and reflect the light from the sun. And he says both the heat and sunlight are sent 100 kilometers into outer space. "It's a structure that cools itself without electricity input, even under the sun. So, what it does is basically radiate heat to outer space and also reflect the sunlight so it doesn't get heated up by the sun. Mr. Fan says it is like having a window into space. The heat is sent directly into space without warming the air." He says buildings in developing countries that do not have electricity or air conditioning could use the panels. "In areas where electricity is out of reach for many people, there is a potential benefit for storing medicine or even food. In many of these situations, being able to reduce the temperature is important. And this would provide a way to do it." The researchers say the main problem is creating actual cooling systems using the high-tech panels. They say it may be possible to develop a cooling spray that could be used on present solid structures. They believe the cooling spray technology could be developed in the next three to five years. They say as much as 15 percent of the energy used in the United States is spent providing power to air conditioning systems. The new material is especially useful in areas that _ .
|
[
"suffer high temperature",
"have poor air conditioning",
"have plenty of food",
"are short of power"
] | 3D
|
nutrition
|
mmlu_labeled
|
What do these two changes have in common?
baking an apple pie
a sidewalk heating up in the sun
|
[
"Both are caused by heating.",
"Both are only physical changes.",
"Both are caused by cooling.",
"Both are chemical changes."
] | 0A
|
natural science
|
scienceqa
|
Select the temperature shown by this thermometer.
|
[
"45°F",
"85°F",
"75°F"
] | 2C
|
natural science
|
scienceqa
|
Hawking Fever Hit prefix = st1 /China Hawking has left much for Chinese to think about. British physicist Stephen Hawking,possibly the world's most famous scientist after Albert Einstein,gave lectures in Zhejiang and Beijing in August. An illness left him unable to move any part of his body except for the three fingers.But his continuing efforts in the field of science have made many young people take him as their idol. His books,such as A Brief History of Time,become bestseller in Chinese bookstores. "Hawking helps people expand their horizons and become interested in science,"said Pan Yunhe,president of Zhejiang University. Indeed,experts don't think it likely that Hawking's lectures and profound ideas will be easily understood by the average persons.But he has certainly sowed the seeds of science among many young people. And the "Hawking fever" cause by his visit has made people ask:How can China produce more top scientists like Hawking? "Nurturing top scientists will take as much as work to change society as to educate the scientists themselves,"said Zhang Fan.Zhang has studied in the UK since 1999 and will be a sophomore at Trinity College in October. In Britain,Zhang said,teacher inspire students to have a general understanding of the subjects they are interested in.and they encourage students to develop new ideas,which helps them to nurture their creativity. In China,the Ministry of Education has encouraged schools to provide quality education to tap students' potential. "I hope teachers will pay more attention to helping us use our imaginations and solve problems on our own,"said Lu Jie,a Junior Three student in Sanfan Middle School in Beijing. Many young people take Hawking as their idol because or_.
|
[
"his continuing efforts in the field of science",
"his disability in body",
"his book with the title of A Brief History of Time",
"his profound idea"
] | 0A
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Two baked potatoes have the same temperature but different masses. Which potato has more thermal energy?
|
[
"the baked potato with more mass",
"the baked potato with less mass"
] | 0A
|
natural science
|
scienceqa
|
Whether it's a carol service or an evening of karaoke in the pub, many people will enjoy a good old singsong this Christmas. Singing aloud will not just lift the spirits---it's good for your physical health as well. Filling the lungs with air, increasing the heart rate and getting blood pumping round the body faster can all help our physical health. For the past few years Heart Research UK has been Funding a Christmas campaign aimed at getting people singing, simply for the benefit it can bring. The organizer of the campaign says singing is a safe, simple and social activity that everyone can enjoy. "Singing is linked to long life, stress reduction, and general health protection. It also brings a great amount of happiness. It is impossible to sing well with a long face because it affects your pitch ." Professor Graham Welch, who leads the International Music Education Research Centre at the University of London, has spent more than 30 years studying the effects of singing. He says that singing is a form of exercise. It means we're also having a strong aerobic activity when we're singing, which results in increasing the feeling of pleasure while decreasing that of stress. "And communal singing--like in a singing group, a church service or even a singsong in the pub--helps improve our sense of self-respect. It increases our sense of satisfaction with ourselves, a greater sense of feeling included. " Helen Astrid, a singing teacher, also sees the great effects that singing brings. "It lifts us up on a spiritual level, it helps our self-respect, and it's great for all ages from small kids to grannies--you can have a good sing and _ ." But she warns people not to have too many beers or glasses of wine, though a glass may help them gather courage before taking to the stage during the holidays. What can we infer from the passage?
|
[
"Singing at Christmas is good for health.",
"In a low mood one is not able to sing well.",
"Experts have disagreement on singing.",
"Singing is the same as other aerobic activities."
] | 1B
|
nutrition
|
mmlu_labeled
|
When I was a foreign teacher in China,every day I taught English to my students and they taught me about China.One day the topic mined to saying "I love you".I was shocked to learn that not one of my students had said this to their mothers,nor had their mothers said it to them."Does your mom love you?" "Of course,"they answered. "How do you know?" was my logical question.They responded that their moms cooked and Always told them what they were doing wrong to show their earning.I was strummed. So mom's cooking and criticizing read our as "I love you"."Then how do you say 'I love you to her?" They agreed that getting good grades, followed by good jobs would be how they showed their love. I come from a culture where most people are expressive enough,so I repeated these queries in clauses over time.Gradually,I began to get different responses.Some of them had exchanged those sentiments with their moms. One of my favorite stories of change came from a girl.When she came home from university,her mother met her at the door and hugged her.This had never happened before,but her mom said,"Now that you have gone I have more time to myself.I noticed that in some places mothers and children hug each other and I decided it was a good idea and that I would begin hugging you." In my family we all say "I love you" a lot.While it is true that we often say the words without having great depth of feelings at that moment,it is almost like a blessing we give each other. Those three little words carry a world of meaning,even when said as a greeting, but most especially if they are the lax words we say to or hear from those we love. What's the main idea of the passage?
|
[
"Say \"I love you\" more to your family.",
"Say \"I love you\" a lot to Chinese people.",
"Say \"I love you\" as a greeting to others.",
"Say \"I love you\" without great depth of feelings."
] | 0A
|
human_sexuality
|
mmlu_labeled
|
There is one thing that everyone wants more than anything else. Some people try to get it by making money. They think that when they have enough money to buy such things as houses, farms, and cars, they will have the one thing that everyone wants. Other people believe that if they know enough they will find this thing. They study all their lives in search of it. Still others think that if they have power,they will find this thing. They keep telling themselves:When I am a boss,I will no longer have to search for this thing. What is it that everyone wants more than anything else?What is it that all of us keep working and striving for each day?It is happiness.Happiness is a strange thing. It does not mean the same to all men. What _ will _ make _ one _ man _ happy _ may _ not _ make _ another _ man _ happy. Some men say that happiness comes from helping others;other men say that happiness comes from making life more pleasant for everyone. What do you mean when you say: "That makes me happy." Read what different people have said about happiness. Perhaps you will learn something that will bring you peace of mind, comfort, money or it may be what you search for--happiness. What will make one man happy may not make another man happy.This sentence means " _ ".
|
[
"When one man feels happy, another man will feel sad",
"What will make one man happy may make another man happy also",
"Different peolpe hold different opinions about happiness",
"Both A and B"
] | 2C
|
human_sexuality
|
mmlu_labeled
|
If you look outside, you probably will see some kind of insect. If your first instinct is to kill it, take a moment to think about all of the benefits insects provide to the environment. Entomologists, scientists who study insects, estimate that there are more than 800,000 species of insects found throughout the world. Only a few hundred of these insects are considered harmful. Mosquitoes, for example, are considered harmful. They bite humans and other animals, and their bites can cause skin pain and spread disease. Desert locusts also are considered harmful because they destroy crops causing billions of dollars in damage each year. However, the number of helpful insect species far outweighs the number of harmful species. Some insects make up a vital part of the food chain. Many different birds, reptiles, fish and even plants eat insects. There are also about 500 insects that people in various parts of the world eat. These insects are considered delicious food and prized for their high protein, mineral, and vitamin content. Other insects produce valuable commercial products such as silk, wax, and honey. Of all the insects, perhaps the most important are those that travel from flower to flower and pollinate the plants they visit. Agriculture around the world would be very different without the bees, butterflies, moths, flies and wasps that pollinate many crops. In fact, nearly one-third of the food you eat depends on plants that are pollinated by insects! While it is true that some species of insects harm or annoy us, _ . You may be destroying one of the hundreds of thousands of insects that provides many benefits to human beings. According to the passage, the most important type of insects are _ .
|
[
"insects that are eaten by birds, reptiles and fish",
"insects that travel around and pollinate plants",
"insects that harm mosquitoes and stop the spread of disease",
"insects that are eaten by people in many countries"
] | 1B
|
college_biology
|
mmlu_labeled
|
A cacti is basically an enormous stem, which means that
|
[
"it can be drunk from",
"it is very thin",
"it holds up bright green leaves",
"it can hide in grass"
] | 0A
|
college_biology
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Britain's seed bank, the only one in the world aiming to collect all of the planet's wild plant species, has reached its goal of banking 10 percent by 2010. The Millennium Seed Bank Project, run by Kew Gardens--one of the oldest botanical gardens--will officially place the 24,200th species on Thursday, a pink, wild banana from China. More than 50 countries are now on board with Kew's giant task but vast places of the globe, including India and Brazil, still need to join in and donate seeds, director Paul Smith said. The seed bank is one of the largest and most diverse in the world with more than 1.5 billion seeds. Its goal is to help protect the planet's bio-diversity during a time of climate change. The wild banana seed is under threat of extinction in southwest China from agricultural development. It is a vital food source for Asian elephants and important for growing bananas for human eating. Stored at minus-20 degrees centigrade, so they can last for thousands of years, the seeds await the day that scientists hope never comes--when the species no longer exist in the wild. It is a race against time, Smith said, because in the last ten years alone, 20 plants held in the bank have already been wiped out in the wild. He estimates that between a third and a quarter will become extinct this century. "It is pressing and it is happening now. An area, the size of England, is cleared of primary vegetation every year." Smith said. Because most of the world's food and medicines come from nature, protecting wild plant species is quite important, scientists say. There are already many other seed banks safeguarding food crops, which only account for 0.6 percent of plant diversity. For Kew's next goal--to collect a quarter of wild varieties by 2020--the botanists need 10 million pounds a year, or a further 100 million pounds on top of the 40 million they have already been granted. Which of the following isn't spoken about in the passage?
|
[
"The global partnership of collecting wild plant species.",
"The temperature condition of the wild plant species in the bank.",
"The government's support for the seed bank project by giving money.",
"Scientists' concern on the extinct wild plant species."
] | 2C
|
college_biology
|
mmlu_labeled
|
A scientist put several different plants in a sealed container. Every hour, she checked the oxygen in the container to see if it changed. How did the oxygen in the container most likely change?
|
[
"The amount of oxygen increased.",
"The amount of oxygen decreased.",
"The oxygen was transformed into water.",
"The oxygen was transformed into carbon dioxide."
] | 0A
|
natural_science
|
ai2_arc_challenge
|
Newly discovered organisms are now classified based on DNA evidence. Which of the following is most helpful to a researcher classifying a newly discovered organism?
|
[
"fossil record",
"gene splicing",
"selective breeding",
"gel electrophoresis"
] | 3D
|
natural_science
|
ai2_arc_challenge
|
A ground-based system that uses much stronger signals than GPS can find your location in cities and indoors. It is a new positioning system that could compete with GPS to make sure you never lose your directions again. Instead of satellites, Locata uses ground-based equipment to send a radio signal over a localized area that is a million times stronger on arrival than GPS. It can work indoors as well as outdoors, and the makers claim that the receivers can be shrunk to fit inside a regular cell phone. Even the US armies, which invented GPS technology, signed a file last month agreeing to a test of Locata at the White Sands Missile Range in New Mexico. "This is one of the most important technology developments for the future of the positioning industry," says Nunzio Gambale, CEO and co-founder of the firm Locata, based in Griffith, Australia. As for the Locata's correctness, Christopher Morin of the US Air Force tested it recently at White Sands, and it worked to within 18cm along any axis . Morin said it should be possible to get the _ down to 5cm. The tests were performed in an open desert where GPS also worked beautifully, but its signal was weak--like a car headlight from 20,000 kilometers away--and easily cut off by solid objects . Locata's signal was far stronger, though not guaranteed to work in a complex urban environment, said David, speaker of the UK' s General Lighthouse Authorities. Locata's technology will face competition in the race to transform indoor navigation. But it could shine in specific areas, Gambale said. Robots with Locata could easily navigate inside buildings without the complex optical systems they need at the moment. And the process that handles correct location data could not only guide you around a mall, railway station or airport, but also take you to the exact shelf in a shop for the product you want. It would be small and cheap enough for smart phones and it should be available within five years--a similar path to the one GPS took on its way towards the world, he said. According to the passage, Gambale _ .
|
[
"did the experiment at White Sands last month",
"believed the Locata would help to develop smart robots' creation",
"doubted whether Locata can work in a complex environment or not",
"was worried about the competition the Locata faced"
] | 1B
|
computer_security
|
mmlu_labeled
|
The rainbow lorikeet is a kind of parrot in the northeast of Australia. It is the most colorful and noisy bird in the world. The bird has green, orange, blue, red, yellow, purple and grey colors on its body. Rainbow lorikeets are small birds. They are usually 11 to 12 inches long and weigh 120g to 140g. It is said that they can live for over 20 years in the wild. They usually live in groups. At night, they sleep in the trees in a big group. But during the daytime, they move in much smaller groups (about 20 birds). Late in the evening, you can sometimes see a larger group flying back home. These birds spend a lot of time looking for food. Most of their food comes from trees, like flowers, nuts and fruit. But sometimes they eat insects. They can get water from the leaves that they eat or drink water directly. Rainbow lorikeets usually start to have families when they are around two years old. When they have baby birds, both the parents help to feed them. How many colors do rainbow lorikeets have?
|
[
"Four.",
"Five.",
"Six.",
"Seven."
] | 3D
|
college_biology
|
mmlu_labeled
|
San Russell is not your average baseball fan. He is a die-hard Boston Red Sox fan. He has a season ticket and he arranges his work schedule so he does not miss a game. San also attends game dressed in their uniform, and his car is red. He has even lost some friends by choosing to watch the Red Sox instead of going to their weddings. Is this healthy behavior? Although Russell's case is extreme, being a sports fan can be healthy for you. According to a study at the University of Kansan in the USA, sports fans suffer from depression less than people who are not interested in sports, fans also experience other effects from watching their team play. When their team wins a game, their own confidence and happiness increase, just like the athletes. Losing, on the other hand, always leads to some sense of disappointment. What about die-hard fans whose team always loses? The team spirit keeps those fans from losing hope. Knowing that other fans are probably feeling the same way also helps them. In addition, there is always the hope that their team will win the next game. Russell has lost some friends because of his love for baseball and although you may think that would make him unhappy, he has made many more new friends because of his team spirit. For Sam Russell, supporting the Red Sox is not just a hobby; it is a way of life and the secret of his happiness. In order not to miss a game, Russell _ .
|
[
"bought a red car",
"keeps a season ticket",
"arranges his work time carefully",
"tries to make new friends"
] | 2C
|
human_sexuality
|
mmlu_labeled
|
For the one-parameter model, mean-Square error (MSE) is defined as follows: 1/(2N) \sum (y_n − β_0)^2 . We have a half term in the front because,
|
[
"scaling MSE by half makes gradient descent converge faster.",
"presence of half makes it easy to do grid search. ",
"it does not matter whether half is there or not. ",
"none of the above"
] | 2C
|
machine_learning
|
mmlu
|
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