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stringlengths 4
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listlengths 2
5
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|---|---|---|---|---|
My favorite physicist is Qian Xuesen. He was born in Shanghai on December 11, 1911. He was a little fat and of medium height. And his eyes were wise. He liked music, art and science . He studied the important implementation plan for the Chinese rocket and the missile . He worked very hard for our country. I liked him very much. Qian Xuesen had famous words: I am very tiny . It is the Chinese people that are truly great! Qian Xuesen died on October 31, 2009. I'm very sad to hear the news, and Chinese people are the same as me. He is our hero. We should learn from him and I think I won't forget the great scientist for ever. Qian Xuesen died at the age of _ .
|
[
"68",
"78",
"88",
"98"
] | 3D
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
One of the easiest ways to keep fit is to do jogging. Jogging is the name for a very gentle running--it is just a little faster than walking. Start slow jog 20 meters, then walk 20 meters. Little by little, if you are not feeling very tired, you may do more jogging and less walking. Finally, jog the whole way. It will be easy for you to start jogging for 15 minutes twice a week, slowly, increase this to 20-30 minutes every day. The longer you join in jogging, the more you enjoy it and the healthier you will become. Some people like jogging alone, and others enjoy doing it with friends. Jogging in groups makes more people keener , because you just can not stay in bed while there is a group of friends waiting outside. If you want to start jogging, prepare a pair of comfortable shoes and a _ mind. ,. (5,2, 10) If you are not feeling very tired, _ .
|
[
"you may do more jogging",
"you may not do more jogging",
"you are very healthy and needn't do more jogging",
"you may just do more walking"
] | 0A
|
nutrition
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Beautiful people are indeed happier,a new study says,but not always for the same reasons. For handsome men,the extra kicks are more likely to come from economic benefits,like increased wages, while women are more likely to find joy just looking in the mirror. "Women feel that beauty is naturally important," says Daniel Hamermesh,a University of Texas at Austin labor economist and the study's lead author. "They just feel bad if they're ugly." Hamermesh is the acknowledged father of pulchronomics, or the economic study of beauty. It can be a dangerous job. He once made angry an audience of young Mormon women, many of whom wished to stay home with future children, by explaining that homemakers tend to be less attractive than their working-girl peers . "Since beautiful women tend to be paid more,they have more motivation to stay in the work force," he says. The pursuit of good looks drives several huge industries--in 2010, Americans spent $845 million on face-lifts alone--but few economists focused on beauty's financial power until the mid-1990s,when Hamermesh and his colleague, Jeff Biddle of Michigan State University, became the first scholars to track the effect of appearance on earnings potential for a large sample of adults. Like many other desirable commodities , "beauty is rare," Hamermesh says, "and that rareness commands a price." A handsome man is estimated to make 13 percent more during his career than a "looks-challenged" peer, according to calculations in Hamermesh's recent book, Beauty Pays. Interestingly, the net benefit is slightly less for pretty women, who may make up the difference by trading on their looks to marry men with higher earning potential. And some studies have shown that attractive people are more likely to be hired in a recession . Hamermesh argues that "there's not much we can do to improve our pulchritude ". There are even studies suggesting that for every dollar spent on cosmetic products,only 4 cents returns as salary--making lipstick a truly awful investment. _ . One 2006 study showed that the less beautiful may actually profit from their lack of looks. People tend to expect less from the unattractive, so when they go beyond those low expectations they are rewarded. And the beautiful ones are often primarily held to a higher standard-- "then hit with a 'beauty penalty' if they fail to deliver." Hamermesh says. What is the best title of this passage?
|
[
"How Much Does Being Attractive Cost?",
"How Much Is Being Attractive Worth?",
"How Can We Make Use of Our Beauty?",
"How Happy Do Attractive People Feel?"
] | 1B
|
high_school_microeconomics
|
mmlu_labeled
|
The starch and water molecules in potato cells are stored in what organelle?
|
[
"mitochondrion",
"nucleus",
"ribosome",
"vacuole"
] | 3D
|
college_biology
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Does this passage describe the weather or the climate?
Pedro lives in a town with hot summers and freezing cold winters.
|
[
"climate",
"weather"
] | 0A
|
natural science
|
scienceqa
|
Some plants get so hungry they eat flies, and even small frogs. What's more amazing is that these plants occur naturally (in special environments) in every state. In fact, they're found on every continent except Antarctica. You've probably seen a Venus' flytrap -- a small plant, which grows 6 to 8 inches tall in a container. At the end of its stalks are leaves that act like traps . Inside each trap is a lining of tiny hairs. When an insect lands on them, the traps suddenly shut. Over the course of a week or so, the plant feeds on its catch. The Venus' flytrap is just one of more than 500 species of meat-eating plants, says Barry Meyers-Rice, the editor of the International Carnivorous Plant Society's Newsletter. He states although you might have read some science-fiction stories, no meat-eating plant does any danger to humans. Barry says a plant is meat-eating, only if it does all four of the following: "attract, kill, digest, and absorb" some form of insects. Meat-eating plants look and act like other green plants -- well, most of the time. All green plants make sugar to produce food. What makes meat-eating plants different is their special leaves, which need insects for one reason: nitrogen . Nitrogen is a nutrient that they can't obtain any other way. Why? Almost all green plants on our planet get nitrogen from the soil. Meat-eating plants can't. They live in places where nutrients are hard to get from the soil because of its acidity. So they've come to rely on getting nitrogen from insects and small animals. In fact, nutrient-rich soft is poisonous to meat-eating plants. Never fertilize them! But don't worry, either, if they never seem to catch any insects. They can survive, but they'll grow very slowly. According to the passage, a Venus' flytrap _ .
|
[
"is a small plant which grows in a container",
"is a kind of plant which gets hungry easily",
"can trap and feed on some form of insects",
"can only grow 6-8 inches tall"
] | 2C
|
college_biology
|
mmlu_labeled
|
You know how much your telephone has changed over the past 10 years? Your car will change even more than that in the next 10 years. One of the biggest changes is that cars will drive themselves. "We certainly have the technology for it now."says Andrew Poliak of automotive technology supplier QNX."We expect self-driving cars to be a mainstream thing between 2020 and 2025." The American company Google has been working on self-driving cars for years. These cars are already on the roads in the United States and are truly self-driving. They have to steering wheels or pedals . Last week, the police ordered one of Google's cars to stop for driving too slowly on a public road. The car was not breaking any law, so no one was punished. Another American company, Tesla, added an "Autopilot" feature to its cars last month. With the Autopilot turned on, the vehicle drives itself. The car will speed up, slow down, _ and drive by itself. You can take over driving any time by turning the steering wheel or touching a pedal. The car uses sensors to know when driveway changing is safe and whether it should speed up or slow down. Tesla Autopilot is made for cross-country driving. It keeps you in the driveway and helps you avoid hitting other cars. It does not work well on local roads, for it will not stop at a red light or stop sign. Reporter Carolyn Nicander Mohr tried the Autopilot feature of a Tesla earlier this month. She had a hard time trusting the car to do what it should do. She thought about disabling the Autopilot feature many times during her trip. She wanted to take control at every bend in the road and hit the brake when the car in front of her slowed down. Yet the car drove perfectly. Other companies are working on self-driving cars, too. Marcedes-Benz, Audi, BMW.Volvo and Toyota all have plans for such vehicles. ,A, B, C, D. Why did the police stop the Google car?
|
[
"It had no driver.",
"It went to slowly.",
"It broke the traffic rules",
"It had no steering wheel."
] | 1B
|
computer_security
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Children today spend less time outdoors than ever before and it may be harmful not only to their physical health, but also to their cognitive development. A year-long study, recently published in the Sciences, found that elementary school children who were exposed to more green space within or directly outside their school showed improved learning and memory. The findings reinforce that of a recent six-year study on 905 Massachusetts public elementary schools, which found that students in schools that had more "greenness" in their surroundings reported higher scores on standardized testing in English and math. "There is an expanding body of scientific evidence linking the human experience in the natural world to better physical and mental health and improved cognitive abilities," journalist Richard Louv, co-founder of the Children & Nature Network, said in an email to The Huffington Post. "An increasing number of homeschoolers, nature preschools, independent primary and secondary schools, and forward-thinking public schools are incorporating nature experience into learning." The new study was conducted on more than 2,500 children in second, third and fourth grade at 36 primary schools in Barcelona, Spain. Researchers found that the students who attended schools with more green space showed a 5 percent improvement in the short-term memory that's critical for reasoning, learning and comprehension. But their inattentiveness decreased slightly. Spending time outside could have a number of benefits for children beyond improved memory and attention. Another recent study found that adventurous outdoor play such as climbing, rough and tumble play, and exploring alone improves children's physical health while also help them develop creativity and social skills greatly. Some schools are starting to take notice, creating more space for children to enjoy being in nature, including community gardens, outdoor playgrounds and small parks. According to the passage, what can we know about Richard Louv?
|
[
"He discourages students from getting close to nature to gain experience.",
"He is one of the founders of the Children & Nature Network.",
"He conducted the study on 905 Massachusetts public elementary schools.",
"He often contributes articles to The Huffington Post."
] | 1B
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Which object has less thermal energy?
|
[
"a 300-gram glass of water at a temperature of 75°F",
"a 300-gram glass of water at a temperature of 80°F"
] | 0A
|
natural science
|
scienceqa
|
I have a robot friend, Robbi. It looks like my toy car because it moves on four wheels. It is always helpful. "Come on, Robbi! Bring me milk." "Yes, Sandy," says Robbi. It goes to the kitchen and comes back with a glass of milk. It can find milk among orange juice, water, apple juice. Do you think Robbi is a waiter only good at doing housework? No, it's much more than that! It has brains , too! Let me ask Robbi a few questions. "Robbi, how many letters are there in English?" "26." "Who is Barack Obama?" "He is the president of the USA." When night comes, I need to sleep. It closes its eyes and stands there quietly! In the morning, It opens its eyes and begins to work again. When will the robot stop working?
|
[
"When it answers all the questions.",
"When the writer closes his eyes.",
"When it finishes all the housework.",
"When night comes."
] | 3D
|
college_computer_science
|
mmlu_labeled
|
College is a lifetime investment -- the gift of a college education can open the door to a world of opportunity for your child or grandchild. Savings , even not so many at a time, can make a big difference. With the cost of a college education continuing to rise, the key is to start saving early and regularly. By saving a set amount at set times, your money can grow as your child does. According to the College Board, the average cost for four-year public colleges has increased by nearly 51% over the last 10 years and these costs will almost certainly continue to rise. Saving for college can help with the increasing cost of a college education and help you be well prepared when your child is ready for college. Saving for your child's college education is an investment in their future. The savings you make today will pay off in increased earnings in the future. According to the U.S. Census Bureau, college graduates earn an average of $1 million more than high school graduates during their careers. The value of your investment in a college education will continue to grow for a lifetime. Set your college saving goals realistically. You may not be able to save enough for all four years' fees, but you could save enough to give your child the right start. More and more families depend on student loans to pay for college. By saving for college, families will have less burden of paying off loans and help their children leave school without worrying about paying off loans. Which of the following would be the best title for the passage?
|
[
"When to Save for Children's College Costs",
"How to Make a Good Investment",
"Why We Should Save for Children's College Costs",
"How Much Four-Year College Costs"
] | 2C
|
high_school_microeconomics
|
mmlu_labeled
|
In 2004,the World Health Organization,WHO,warned of a possible outbreak of another serious disease which may be even more deadly than SARS.The WHO believes that it is likely that bird flu will spread to human beings in the next few years.If it does,up to seven millions people could die from the disease. Diseases like bird flu are caused by viruses,that is,tiny things which change and be come more dangerous over time.When a new type of a common virus changes,it may be able to get past the body'S immune system.If that happens,humans are in great danger until a cure or treatment becomes available. There have always been viruses and people always get sick,of course,but as we saw with SARS,the situation is more difficult today.People travel more than ever before,which means that disease can spread quickly and across large areas----in fact the whole world. Scientists are already working on drugs that will prevent or limit the effect of a new virus,but the process takes time.It is just as important to make sure that countries,especially poor countries,are prepared to deal with the disease. New disease usually affect poor areas the most,so we must help develop health care in all countries. The situation is more serious today because_.
|
[
"people travel more",
"people don't eat health food",
"there aren't enough hospitals",
"scientists can't find a cure"
] | 0A
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Growing up, I remember my father as a silent, serious man--not the sort of person around whom one could laugh. As a teenager arriving in America, knowing nothing, I wanted a father who could explain the human journey. In college, when friends called home for advice, I would sink into deep depression for what I did not have. Today, at twenty-seven, I have come to rediscover them in ways that my teenage mind would not allow--as adults and as friends with their own faults and weaknesses. One night after my move back home, I overheard my father on the telephone. There was some trouble. Later, Dad shared the problem with me. Apparently my legal training had earned me some privileges in his eyes. I talked through the problem with Dad, analyzing the purposes of the people involved and offering several negotiation strategies .He listened patiently before finally admitting, "I can't think like that. I am a simple man." Dad is a brilliant scientist who can deconstruct the building blocks of nature. Yet human nature is a mystery to him. That night I realized that he was simply not skilled at dealing with people, much less the trouble of a conflicted teenager. It's not in his nature to understand human desires. And so, there it was--it was no one's fault that my father held no interest in human lives while I placed great importance in them. We are at times born more sensitive, wide-eyed, and dreamy than our parents and become more curious and idealistic than them. Dad perhaps never expected me for a child. And I, who knew Dad as an intelligent man, had never understood that his intelligence did not cover all of my feelings. It has saved me years of questioning and confusion. I now see my parents as people who have other relationships than just Father and Mother. I now overlook their many faults and weaknesses, which once annoyed me. I now know my parents as friends: people who ask me for advice; people who need my support and understanding. And I have come to see my past clearer. What was the author's impression of her father when she was a teenager?
|
[
"Friendly but irresponsible.",
"Intelligent but severe.",
"Cold and aggressive.",
"Caring and communicative."
] | 1B
|
human_sexuality
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Children lie on couches or sit on floors, nearly hypnotized by all kinds of messages coming from the television. This scene has become all too familiar. Increasingly, young children are adopting a watching-TV lifestyle, at s stage in life when activity is important to their growth. Furthermore, family time is being destroyed by too much TV time. Here are some facts you need to know: *Research shows that children spend between five and six hours per day watching TV, and they go to bed before having any communication with other family members. *Time spent in front of a screen is reducing the amount of time children spend sleeping. *The more time a youth spends in front of a screen, the more likely he or she is to be overweight. Experts offer the following advice to parents on how to stop their children from becoming addicted to television: *Do not put a TV in a child's bedroom. *Make meal time, family time -----turn off the TV during a family meal time. Better yet, remove the TV from the eating area. *Make TV time active time by doing simple exercise during advertisement breaks. *Help your kids be clever TV watchers by teaching them to recognize a sales trick in advertisements . *Create family memories by planning fun activities instead of always watching TV with your family. * _ . Limit your own TV watching to less than two hours per day. The best way to learn is to follow; this is especially true for children. The sentence in the blank in the last advice should be " _ ".
|
[
"Be a good role model",
"Limit children's TV time",
"TV time should not be over 2 hours.",
"Watching too much TV is bad for children"
] | 0A
|
nutrition
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Complete the statement.
Benzene is ().
|
[
"an elementary substance",
"a compound"
] | 1B
|
natural science
|
scienceqa
|
Compare the motion of two ducks. Which duck was moving at a lower speed?
|
[
"a duck that moved 315miles in 5hours",
"a duck that moved 285miles in 5hours"
] | 1B
|
natural science
|
scienceqa
|
Assume all other forces on Jim are balanced. Which statement describes the forces on Jim?
|
[
"The forces are balanced, so there is no net force on Jim.",
"The forces are unbalanced, so there is a net force on Jim."
] | 0A
|
natural science
|
scienceqa
|
Which mineral has six-sided transparent crystals that will scratch glass?
|
[
"sulfur",
"quartz",
"calcite",
"feldspar"
] | 1B
|
high_school_chemistry
|
mmlu_labeled
|
You have a wire of length L, radius Q, and resistance Q. You need to obtain half that resistance using the same material and changing only one factor. You could
|
[
"use half the length",
"use twice the length",
"use half the radius",
"use twice the radius"
] | 0A
|
high_school_physics
|
mmlu
|
The story goes that some time ago, a man punished his 3-year-old daughter for wasting a roll of gold wrapping paper. Money was tight and he became infuriated when the child tried to decorate a box to put under the Christmas tree. Nevertheless, the little girl brought the gift to her father the next morning and said, "This is for you, Daddy." The man was embarrassed by his earlier overreaction, but his anger flared again when he found out the box was empty. He yelled at her, stating, "Don't you know, when you give someone a present, there is supposed to be something inside? The little girl looked up at him with tears in her eyes and cried, "Oh, Daddy, it's not empty at all. I blew kisses into the box. They're all for you, Daddy." The father was crushed. He put his arms around his little girl, and he begged for her forgiveness. Only a short time later, an accident took the life of the child. It is also told that her father kept that gold box by his bed for many years and, whenever he was discouraged, he would take out an imaginary kiss and remember the love of the child who had put it there. In a very real sense, each one of us, as humans beings, have been given a gold container filled with unconditional love and kisses from our children, family members, friends, and God. There is simply no other possession, anyone could hold, more precious than this. The 3-year-old girl was punished by her father for _ .
|
[
"wasting gold",
"wasting wrapping paper",
"putting the box under the Christmas tree",
"bringing the gift to her father"
] | 1B
|
human_sexuality
|
mmlu_labeled
|
When a compression wave travels through a medium, in what direction is the medium displaced?
|
[
"upward",
"downward",
"in the same direction",
"in the opposite direction"
] | 2C
|
natural_science
|
ai2_arc_challenge
|
Researchers have established that when people are mentally engaged, biochemical changes occur in the brain that allow it to act more effectively in cognitive areas such as attention and memory. This is true regardless of age. People will be alert and receptive if they are faced with information that gets them to think about things they are interested in. And someone with a history of doing more rather than less will go into old age more cognitively sound than someone who has not had an active mind. Many experts are so convinced of the benefits of challenging in the brain that they are putting the theory to work in their own lives. "The idea is not necessarily to learn to memorize large amounts of information," says James Fozard, associate director of the National Institute of Ageing. "Most of us don't need that kind of skill. Such specific training is of less interest than being able to maintain mental alertness." Fozard and others say they challenge their brains with different mental skills, both because they enjoy them and because they are sure that their range of activities will help the way their brains work. Gene Cohen, acting director of the same institute, suggests that people in their old age should engage in mental and physical activities individually as well as in groups. Cohen says that we are frequently advised to keep physically active as we age, but older people need to keep mentally active as well. Those who do are more likely to maintain their intellectual abilities and to be generally happier and better adjusted. "The point is, you need to do both," Cohen says. Intellectual activity actually influences brain-cell health and size. The findings of James and other scientists in their work _ .
|
[
"remain a theory to be further proved",
"have been challenged by many other experts",
"are practiced by the researchers themselves",
"have been generally accepted"
] | 2C
|
human_aging
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Many people catch a cold in the spring time and / or fall. It makes us wonder .if scientists can send a man to the moon, why they can't find a cure for the common cold. The answer is easy. There are exactly hundreds of kinds of cold viruses there. You never know which one you will get, so there isn't a cure for each one. When a virus attacks your body, the body works hard to get rid of it. Blood rushes to your nose and brings congestion with it .You feel terrible because you can't breathe well, but your body is actually "eating" the virus. Your temperature rises and you get a fever, but the heat of your body is killing the virus. You also have a running nose to stop the virus from getting to your cells. You may feel miserable, but actually your wonderful body is doing everything it can to kill the cold. Different people have different remedies for colds. In the United States and sane other countries, for example, people might eat chicken soup to feel better. Some people take hot baths and drink warm liquids. Other people take medicine to stop the fever, congestion, and running nose. There is one interesting thing to note - some scientists say taking medicines when you have a cold is actually bad for you. The virus stays in you longer because your body doesn't have a way to fight it and kill it .Bodies can do an amazing job on their own. There is a joke, however, on taking medicine when you have a cold. It goes like this: The blood is _ for the virus when someone gets a cold.
|
[
"peaceful",
"safe",
"useful",
"deathful"
] | 3D
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
In America, most people don't get enough sleep. Children aged 5 to 12 are advised to sleep 10 to 11 hours every night, but most of them can't sleep that long. A study found that about 41 million American workers got less than six hours of sleep every night. Scientists worry that parents are passing their bad sleeping habits down to their children. In the study, Reut Gruber and some other scientists either added or reduced on hour of sleep for healthy children aged 7 to 11. They watched the children for five nights. They wanted to know if the amount of sleep can affect a child's behavior. Before the study began, students were asked to sleep the same amount of hours as usual. Their teachers were asked to record their behavior. After five nights of the records, scientists found that those who slept one hour less behaved worse than those who slept one hour more. Students with less sleep were more likely to feel sad and had more problems paying attention. The scientists chose to study children in their homes instead of in a laboratory, because they wanted to find out how everyday changes might affect children's behavior at school. "In the study, nobody became a talent, and nobody became crazy. But small changes in children can really make a big difference," says Gruber. The new study was done in _ .
|
[
"a laboratory",
"a classroom",
"a children's club",
"the children's homes"
] | 3D
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
I was on my way home by train. The train's gentle rocking made me feel sleepy, despite the fact that I was standing with what felt like a building in the bag on my back. I turned slightly to reduce some of the pain in my shoulder and saw the door at the end of the car. An obviously homeless man walked through the door. He was dressed in a dirty heavy coat. He dragged a bag that looked thirty times as heavy as mine. He asked people for spare change in the polite, experienced voice of a person who had done this before. I glanced down as I did a quick check of my pockets, hoping for spare change to give him that wouldn't leave me short for the rest of the week. I came up empty and lifted my head just as his path crossed mine. Shrugging apologetically, I told him I had no change, expecting him to move through the door next to me and continue going to the next cars. However, he stood and stared at me, saying something quietly. Then I realized he was asking me to take him home. Suddenly money didn't matter that much to this man who lived in poverty without even enough money to purchase socks to stave off the chill. Not food, not clothes, not even a blanket. Just affection. I felt worse than I had done about not finding any spare change. My heart sank and I couldn't even think of the proper words to say besides "I can't, I'm sorry." He asked me, "What's wrong with my request?" The answer was on my lips before I knew it. I told him that I was not good enough for him. It was after the man had left that I thought about the answer I had given him and wondered why it felt so right to say so. I realized that I should have requested love over money or food. The fact that he could appreciate something so simple and invisible is more than I could ever have expected of myself. To his surprise, the author found that the homeless man wanted _ .
|
[
"neither food nor money",
"not money but love",
"neither money nor love",
"both shelter and protection"
] | 1B
|
human_sexuality
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Select the plant.
|
[
"Salmon swim in the water.",
"Banana trees have large leaves.",
"Koalas eat leaves.",
"Peregrine falcons walk and fly."
] | 1B
|
natural science
|
scienceqa
|
What could a person eat to avoid starvation?
|
[
"Akvavit",
"Jeggings",
"Carmex",
"Floss"
] | 0A
|
nutrition
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Sometime in the next century, the familiar early-newspaper on the front porch will disappear. And instead of reading your newspaper, it will read to you. You'll get up and turn on the computer newspaper just like switching on the TV An electronic voice will distribute stories about the latest events, guided by a program that selects the type of news you want. You'll even get to choose the kind of voice you want to hear. Want more information on this brief story? A simple touch makes the entire text appear. Save it in your own personal computer if you like. These are among the predictions from communication experts working on the newspapers of the future. Pictured as part of broader home-based media and entertainment systems, computer newspapers will unite print and broadcast reporting, and offer news and analysis with video images of news events. Most of the technology is available now, but convincing more people that they don't need to read a newspaper is the next step. But resistance to computer newspapers may be stronger from within journalism. Since it is such a cultural change, it may be that the present generation of journalists and publishers will have to die off before the next generation realizes that the newspaper industry is no longer a newspaper industry. Technology is making the end of ' traditional newspapers unavoidable. Despite technological advances, it could take decades to replace newsprint with computer screens. It might take 30 t0 40 years to complete the changeover because people need to buy computers and because newspapers have established financial interests in the paper industry. What is the best title of the passage?
|
[
"Computer newspapers are well liked.",
"Newspapers of the future will be on the computer.",
"Newspapers are out of fashion.",
"New communications technology."
] | 1B
|
college_computer_science
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Hello, listeners. Welcome to Henton Hospital Radio. Before our music program begins, I'm going to repeat some of our hospital rules. The hospital can sleep 800 patients. There are 8 beds in each ward .The visiting hours are in the afternoon from 2:30 to 3:30 and in the evening from 7:00 to 8:00. But remember only two visitors at a time. Sorry about that, but you can see what would happen if we didn't have these rules. The other rules are about our time schedule. We start quite early-you might not be used to that. We wake you at 6 o'clock, and breakfast is at 8 o'clock, lunch at noon. There's tea at 3:30 and supper is at 6' o clock. You can see the "No Smoking" sign-we don't allow smoking in the wards. I'm sure you understand why. However, if you do need to smoke, there are some smoking-rooms for you. You will find the radio switch on the wall near your bed, with your own headphones, if you want to listen. It's our own hospital radio wishing you a quick recovery{}. What program will follow this radio talk?
|
[
"Hospital rules.",
"A weather report",
"A free talk",
"A music program"
] | 3D
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Boris Worm of Dalhousie University in Nova Scotia ,prefix = st1 /Canada, led the international team that did the study . Professor Worm says species have recently been disappearing from oceans at increasing speed . At this rate , he says , all seafood species could collapse could collapse by 2048 . Other studies have also warned about the dangers of overfishing and the effects on ocean environments . But not everyone thinks the oceans are likely to be empty in fifty tears . Some scientists said parts of the world do have problems , but others are doing a good job of protecting fish populations . Government officals in several countries with large fishing industries also questioned the research . The study appeared earlier this month in Science magazine . The researchers say damage to oceans affects not only fish populations but also the productivity of ecosystems . These complex systems help control water quality . The scientists say the loss of different kinds of sea life appeared to increase the f fish kills and beach closures from harmful algae growth . The scientist examined the results of thirty-two experiments and observed forty-eight protected areas . They also looked at records of catches worldwide . They studied records from the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization from nineteen fifty to two thousand three . And they examined archeological information and other historical records for twelve coastal areas . That research back over a thousand years . Boris Worm says the findings were , in his words , " beyond anything we suspected . " But he also said the situation is not too late to correct . He said that with good fisheries management , some species could completely recover in three to ten years . Which statement of the following is NOT TRUE about the research led by Boris Worm ?
|
[
"It was conducted by scientists from different countries",
"It referred to information of many countries",
"It lasted from 1950 to 2003",
"It referred to records dating back to over 1000 years ago"
] | 2C
|
college_biology
|
mmlu_labeled
|
After a confirmed rabies case in Parke County, Indiana, experts are urging caution if you find a bat in your home or office. "If you try to kill a bat, you are more likely to get bitten," said Joy O'Keefe, assistant professor of biology and director of Indiana State University's Centre for Bat Research, Outreach and Conservation. "Most bats people find in their houses are healthy and are not going to bite them and give them rabies." But they could be a federally endangered species, such as the Indiana Bat, which is found in this area. So if you spot a bat in your home or office, don't kill it or touch it with bare hands, O'Keefe said. Instead, put on a pair of heavy gloves and gently move it into a box or bucket. Once contained, the bat can be removed outside. "If it's a healthy bat, it'll fly away eventually," O'Keefe said. "If it doesn't move or seem to be healthy, you can take it to the health department to be tested." This is the time of year when bats move from their summer resting sites to their winter resting sites, O'Keefe said. "We get calls every year during the first month of school year from people finding bats in the university's buildings," said O'Keefe. Bats are a great help to people, as every night they can eat up to their entire body weight of insects. Bats, however, are facing great threats from epidemics , habitat destruction and other things. "The best way the average person can help bats is by understanding them and by telling other people how awesome bats are and what bats do for us," O' Keefe said. "Hopefully, _ will make people think that if there's a bat in their house, they should try to get it out but not kill it. That would be really positive for bats--to not have people be one of their major threats." We can infer that the text is probably written in _ .
|
[
"spring",
"summer",
"autumn",
"winter"
] | 2C
|
college_biology
|
mmlu_labeled
|
What is most likely to push objects?
|
[
"rivers",
"rainfall",
"photosynthesis",
"sunlight"
] | 0A
|
high_school_physics
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Which stage in the reptile life cycle is most like the birth of a lion cub?
|
[
"hatching from an egg",
"shedding the skin",
"hunting for food",
"finding a mate"
] | 0A
|
high_school_biology
|
mmlu_labeled
|
An example of feeling could be
|
[
"the sun on the leaves of a plant",
"clothes on the thighs",
"water running in a river",
"air blowing trees around"
] | 1B
|
human_sexuality
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Using only these supplies, which question can Aiden investigate with an experiment?
|
[
"Do the squirrels eat walnuts from large feeders more often than from small feeders?",
"Do the squirrels select sunflower seeds or walnuts more often?",
"Which type of tree do the squirrels feed from most often?"
] | 1B
|
natural science
|
scienceqa
|
Mary and Her Friends Mary has some friends. They are Betty, Peter, Alice and Mike. Mary is the oldest of the five. Betty is thirteen years old. She is younger than Mary and older than Peter. Alice is nine and Mike is seven. Betty and Peter are good runners . But Peter runs faster. Mary and Betty like to play basketball. Mary plays better than Betty. Alice sings best of them. Mary and Betty study in a middle school. Peter, Alice and Mike study in a primary school. They all work hard at school. But Betty works hardest. Her handwriting is good, too. They all _ .
|
[
"study in the same school",
"like to play basketball",
"good runners",
"work hard"
] | 3D
|
elementary_mathematics
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Which of the following changes in skin is regarded as senescent?
|
[
"Thinning",
"Appearance of age spots",
"Loss of protective hair",
"Wrinkling"
] | 0A
|
human_aging
|
mmlu
|
Riding on an exercise bike at home may keep you in physical shape, but it can get pretty boring after a while. Aaron Puzey had been on his exercise bike for half an hour a day for years when he decided to look for a way to make it a bit more fun. With virtual reality technology widely available nowadays, all be needed to do was find a way of applying it to his needs. So he set out to build an app for the Samsung Galaxy Gear VR headset which would allow him to hook it up to Google Street view and make it seem like he's cycling through different real-life locations. Building the app to download the 3D data from Street View and make it viewable in the VR headset was the toughest part of his project. Other than that, all he needed to do was tape a Bluetooth monitor to his exercise bike. Although the quality of the images sometimes leaves a lot to be desired,leaving complex scenes like trees looking like a mess,Aaron has been having a lot of fun on his journey. Aaron's project is obviously no substitute (> for real outdoor cycling as it Lacks things like the wind blowing in your face or the pain of battling an uphill climb, bul it has given him a goal, as well as the chance to take in the beauty of places he might have otherwise never seen. It definitely beats staring at a wall or at the TV for 30 minutes, anyway. Obviously, Aaron's setup theoretically allows him to ride a bike anywhere around the world. He says he ba6 always wanted to see Japan, so once his ride comes to an end, he plans to start another one across the Land of the Rising Sun. What was the challenge for Puzey in his project?
|
[
"Changing the 3D data into pictures.",
"Downloading the software from the Internet.",
"Making the 3D data viewable in the headset.",
"Taping a Bluetooth monitor lo his exercise bike."
] | 2C
|
computer_security
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Everybody hates rats. But in the earthquake places of the world - Japan, Los Angeles, Turkey - rats will soon be man's new best friends. What happens after an earthquake? We send in rescue dogs. Why? Because they can smell people. Dogs save lives. They help rescuers to find living people. But dogs are big and they can't get into small spaces. So now a new research project is using a smaller animal to save lives: the rat. How does it work? First, the rat is trained to smell people. When this happens, the rat's brain gives a signal. This is sent to a small radio on its back, and then the rescuers follow the radio signals. When the rat's brain activity jumps, the rescuers know that someone is alive. The rat has smelled that person. Although there are already robots which can do this job, rats are better. Christian Linster at Cornell University, New York, says, " 'Robot' noses don't work well when there are other smells around. Rats are good at that." Rats can also see in the dark. They are cheaper and quicker to train than dogs, and unlike robots, they don't need electricity. The " rat project" is not finished, but Julie Ryan of International Rescue Corps in Scotland says, " It would be fantastic. A rat would get into spaces we couldn't get to and a rat would get out if it wasn't safe." Perhaps for the first time in history, people will be happy to see a rat in a building ( but only after an earthquake, of course.) After reading the passage we can know _ .
|
[
"rats have taken the place of dogs in search for people.",
"the \" rat project\" has been completed",
"people are now happy to see a rat in a building",
"now people still use dogs and robots in performing rescue"
] | 3D
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
A tuna is an ocean fish that is well adapted to catching small, fast-moving prey. Which of the following adaptations most helps a tuna swim fast to catch its prey?
|
[
"large fins",
"sharp teeth",
"small gills",
"tough scales"
] | 0A
|
natural_science
|
ai2_arc_challenge
|
JIUQUAN, China--China's Shenzhou-9 spacecraft blasted off at 6:37 pm Saturday, from a remote desert in western China, sending a crew of three, including the country's first female astronaut, into space. The successful launch, powered by a Long March 2F rocket, was shown live on state television Saturday from the Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center in the Gobi Desert in western China. The Chinese astronauts will complete the country's first manned space docking mission , an important step in Beijing's ambitious plan to build a permanent space station by 2020. Possible future missions could include sending a man to the moon. The crew is expected to spend more than 10 days in space and dock with the Tiangong-1 space lab module, which China launched in September 2011. Two of them will live and work inside the module to test its life-support systems, while the third will remain in the capsule to deal with any unexpected emergencies. China first launched a man into space in 2003, followed by a two-man mission in 2005 and a three-man trip in 2008 that featured the country's first spacewalk. In November 2011, the unmanned Shenzhou-8 successfully docked twice with Tiangong-1 by remote control. The manned docking would be considered a milestone for China's space program. China is hoping to join the United States and Russia as the only countries to send independently maintained space stations into orbit . It is already one of just three nations to have launched manned spacecraft on their own. The program is a source of enormous national pride for China, reflecting its rapid economic and technological progress and ambition to rank among the world's leading nations. In space, the three astronauts will complete the following tasks EXCEPT _ .
|
[
"handling some emergencies",
"testing the life-support system",
"walking in space",
"docking with a space lab module"
] | 2C
|
astronomy
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Yumiko gave some reasons why kettles and kitchen pans are often made of copper. Which reason is correct?
|
[
"Copper is a good conductor of heat.",
"Copper is easy to melt.",
"Copper is difficult to shape.",
"Copper dissolves in hot water."
] | 0A
|
high_school_chemistry
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Which is bumpier?
|
[
"bark",
"wood ruler"
] | 0A
|
natural science
|
scienceqa
|
On February 21, a student observes that the Moon cannot be seen in the clear night sky. On what date will the student not be able to see the Moon again in the clear night sky?
|
[
"February 28",
"March 7",
"March 14",
"March 21"
] | 3D
|
natural_science
|
ai2_arc_challenge
|
Dear Malia and Sasha, I know that you've both had a lot of fun these last two years on the campaign trail , going to picnics and parades and state fairs, eating all sorts of junk food your mother and I probably shouldn't have let you have. But I also know that it hasn't always been easy for you and Mom, and that though you both are excited about that new puppy , it doesn't make up for all the time we've been apart. I know how much I've missed these past two years, and today I want to tell you a little more about why I decided to take our family on this journey. When I was a young man, I thought life was all about me--about how I'd make my way in the world, become successful, and get the things I want. But then the two of you came into my world with all your smiles that never fail to fill my heart and light up my day. And suddenly, all my big plans for myself didn't seem so important anymore. I soon found that the greatest joy in my life was the joy I saw in yours. And I realized that my own life wouldn't be so important unless I was able to ensure that you had every opportunity for happiness and fulfillment in yours. In the end, girls, that's why I ran for President: because of what I want for you and for every child in this nation. I want all our children to go to schools worthy of their potential --schools that challenge them, inspire them, and teach them a sense of wonder about the world around them. I want them to have the chance to go to college--even if their parents aren't rich. And I want them to get good jobs: jobs that pay well and give them benefits like health care, jobs that let them spend time with their own kids and retire with dignity . I want us to push the boundaries of discovery so that you'll live to see new technologies and inventions that improve our lives and make our planet cleaner and safer. And I want us to push our own human boundaries to reach beyond the divides of race and gender that keep us from seeing the best in each other. (An extract from Obama letter to his daughters) What kind of feeling do you think Obama shows to his daughters when reading the letter?
|
[
"He loves his daughters as deeply as any other ordinary father.",
"He loves his daughters but pushes them to work hard.",
"He is patient with his daughters though they have eaten all kinds of junk food.",
"He encourages his daughters to become potential and successful women in the future."
] | 0A
|
human_sexuality
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Hello! My name is Joy. I'm a girl. I'm eleven. I'm in Class Eight, Grade Seven. This is my friend, Joan. She is twelve. She is in a Middle school. She is in Class Seven, Grade Eight. My English teacher is Miss White, but her English teacher is Miss Green. Look!Who's that? Oh, she's my mum. She's a Chinese teacher. Joan is _ .
|
[
"eleven",
"twelve",
"thirteen",
"fourteen"
] | 1B
|
elementary_mathematics
|
mmlu_labeled
|
What causes a person to have blue eyes?
|
[
"eating foods high in protein at a young age",
"having a brother or sister with blue eyes",
"being overexposed to the Sun at a young age",
"receiving a gene for blue eyes from each parent"
] | 3D
|
medical_genetics
|
mmlu_labeled
|
A hot, boiled egg is put into a cup of cold water. What happens to the temperature of the water and the egg?
|
[
"The water gets colder and the egg gets warmer.",
"The water gets warmer and the egg gets colder.",
"The water temperature stays the same and the egg gets colder.",
"Both the water and the egg get warmer."
] | 1B
|
natural_science
|
ai2_arc_challenge
|
Older people who have low expectations for a satisfying future may be more likely to live longer, healthier lives than those who see brighter days ahead, according to new research "Our findings showed that being overly optimistic in predicting a better future was associated with a greater risk of disability and death within the following decade," said Frieder R. Lang, the leading researcher of the University of Erlangen-Nuremberg in Germany." Pessimism about the future may encourage people to live more carefully, taking health and safety measures." Lang and colleagues examined data collected from 1993 to 2003 for the national German Socio-Economic Panel, an annual survey on approximately 40,000 people from 18 to 96 years old. The researchers divided the data according to age groups: 18 to 39 years old, 40 to 64 years old and 65 years old and above. Through mostly in-person interviews, the participants were asked to rate how satisfied they were with their lives and how satisfied they thought they would be in five years. Five years after the first interview, 43 percent of the oldest group had underestimated their future life satisfaction, 25 percent had predicted accurately and 32 percent had overestimated , according to the study. The researchers calculated that each increase in overestimating future life satisfaction was related to a 9.5 -percent increase in reporting disabilities and a 10- percent increase in risk of death. Because a darker outlook on the future is often more realistic, older adults' predictions of their future satisfaction may be more accurate, according to the study. In contrast, the youngest group had the sunniest outlook. "We argue, though, that the analysis may depend on age and available resources. These findings shed new light on how our perspectives can either help us take action or prevent us from taking action that can help improve our chances of a long, healthy life," Lang said. The passage most probably appears in the _ section of a website.
|
[
"health and fitness",
"arts and life",
"public education",
"psychology help center"
] | 0A
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
A pan of soup is being heated on an electric stove. A metal spoon is used to occasionally stir the soup. Which of the following is an example of heat being transferred by convection?
|
[
"heating the pan",
"heating the soup",
"heating the spoon",
"heating the stove burner"
] | 1B
|
natural_science
|
ai2_arc_challenge
|
Some people don't mind being fat. Other people can keep slim( ) without any effort. But a lot of people do put on too much weight and don't like it. The question is : what can they do about it? Some believe exercise can be helpful. But the trouble is that it only makes you want to eat more. You might sweat out a couple of pounds playing tennis or climbing a mountain, but you put it all back on again with a big steak or bread and jam. A helpful way is food - choosing. But what sort of food should you choose? Some believe that the less they eat, the slimmer they will be. They don' t eat anything until they become weak with hunger. Some stick to milk and bananas. You' 11 find you need a lot of bananas, and unless you live where they grow, they aren't cheap. Another theory says that if you eat things like hard - boiled eggs, apples with their skins on, and lean meat which are hard for your stomach to digest, the more you eat, the thinner you get. This is because you use up the fat in your body to get the energy to digest the food. For most of us these methods are too extreme . The simplest way is just to cut down on the carbohydrates; that means not eating bread, potatoes, cakes, sugar, rice , and so on and eating anything else you like. It' s straight -- forward and often quite effective. Still others like to be more scientific. They are calorie counters. They get a table which tells them that, for example, 100 grams of roast leg of lamb give you 330 calories and a 50 gram of Yorkshire pudding gives you 130 calories. The practical method suggested in this passage means _ .
|
[
"sticking to bananas",
"not eating many carbohydrates",
"eating things that are hard to digest",
"eating as little as possible"
] | 1B
|
nutrition
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Researchers recently found that hackers took control of 300,000 home routers . Once your home router has been controlled, hackers could redirect your network to malicious websites controlled by hi-tech thieves who could then steal your online back details and other sensitive data. However, there are some simple steps you can take to protect your router. Say no to 12345 passwords First, never leave your router open without a password and make sure you change both your Wi-Fi and router login password from the default one it comes with. If you use the default password , this could give someone access to the router setup, which could allow them to change your router settings, including viewing any security keys. Don't broadcast it Make sure you don't show up in other people's wireless network scans. Know your network name so you can easily enter it into any devices you want to access that network. Other people do not need to know your network name. To prevent outsiders from seeing your network's name and attempting to join your wireless network, turn off broadcasting in your router's settings. Invite only please One way you can ensure no one else joins your network without your permission is to enable your router to only allow certain devices to connect, and ban all others. To do that you can filter by media access control (MAC) addresses. Turn it off This is a simple piece of advice that can go a very long way in keeping you safe. Simply turn off your router when you're not using your network. If you're at work all day and no one's home, why keep it running? Build a firewall The firewall built into your router prevents hackers on the internet from getting access to your PC so it's always worth enabling it to help add an extra layer of security. However, it does nothing to stop people in range of your Wi-Fi signal from getting onto your network - and as said, a router in the wrong place means your Wi-Fi signal could reach pretty far. For further protection, you should run software firewalls on the individual PCs on your networks. If you use the default password, _ .
|
[
"your home router will be linked to some bad websites.",
"you will find it's very convenient to surf the Internet",
"your home router will be changed for new settings.",
"you will fail to use your own login password"
] | 2C
|
computer_security
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Students are performing an investigation to determine the types of bacteria that grow inside their school. Which activity should the students avoid while performing this investigation?
|
[
"wearing gloves while handling the samples",
"cleaning all materials they have finished using",
"bringing food and drinks into the laboratory",
"washing hands before leaving the laboratory"
] | 2C
|
natural_science
|
ai2_arc_challenge
|
Every pet owner loves his pet. There is no argument here. But when we asked our readers whether they would clone (, )their beloved animals, the responses were split almost down the middle. Of the 228 readers who answered it, 108 would clone, 111 would not and nine weighed each side without offering an opinion. Clearly, from readers' response, this is an issue that reaches deeply into both the joy and _ . It speaks, as well, to people's widely differing expectations over the developing scientific procedure. Most of the respondents who favored the idea strongly believed it would produce at least a close copy of the original; many felt the process would actually return an exact copy. Those on the other side, however, held little hope a clone could never truly recreate a pet, many simply didn't wish to go against the natural law of life and death. Both sides expressed equal love for their animals. More than a few respondents owned "the best dog/cat in the world". They thought of their pets as their "best friend", "a member of the family,""the light of my life." They told moving stories of pets' heroism, intelligence and selfless devotion. Then the loss is so disturbing---and the cloning so attractive. "People become very close to their animals, and the loss can be just as hard to bear as when a friend or family member dies," says Gary Kowalski, author of Goodbye, Friend: Healing Wisdom for Anyone Who Has Ever Lost a Pet. "For me, cloning feels like an attempt to turn death away...It's understandable. Death is always painful. It's difficult to deal with. It's hard to accept." But would cloning reduce the blow? This question seemed to be at the heart of this problem. From what Gary Kowalski says, we can know that he _ .
|
[
"has never thought about the problem of cloning",
"is going to write another book on pets",
"is in favor of the idea of cloning pets",
"is all against the cloning of pets"
] | 2C
|
human_sexuality
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Which fish tank has less thermal energy?
|
[
"the colder fish tank",
"the hotter fish tank"
] | 0A
|
natural science
|
scienceqa
|
Cotton farmers in some Indian villages are busily buying Coca-Cola and Pepsi, believing that the sugar in the fizzy( ) drinks kills pests. Farmers say scientists advised them to mix pesticides with a sugary juice to control pests, and they found the mixture cheaper and more effective than pure chemicals-- although soft drink makers and scientists dismissed the remarks. N. Hamunayya, who has become a famous person in his village in the southeastern state of Andhra Pradesh, said his crop survived an attack of pests which had resisted other pesticides. "We found that all the colas had uniform effect on pests. The pests became dead and fell to the ground, "he said. He said the drinks had all the elements they needed : they were cheaper, sticky, fizzy, and attracted ants, which ate the young of the pests. But Thinupathi Reddy, assistant director of the Regional Agri-Research Station, Guntur, says tests had proved such results wrong. "We conducted some field trials on cotton crop at our research station. There was no obvious productivity or destruction of pests, "he says. Statements from Pepsi and Coca-Cola said there was " no scientific basis" for _ . But their dealers are enjoying increasing sales. Mantan Wall, who sells soft drinks in 17 villages in the region, said sales rose up, thanks to the farmers. " For the 10 days between August and September I had successful business. Instead of just 30 cases( each containing a dozen one-litre bottles) of cola, I started selling almost 200 cases, "he said. " We expected the sales to drop after the news over pesticide residues( ) in the cola drinks. Now I have to keep extra supply for the cotton farmers, "he said. In February, an Indian environment group made a report saying drinks made by Coca-Cola and Pepsi contained pesticides and called for tougher safety standards. The U. S firms strongly rejected the findings of the New Delhi-based Centre for Science and Environment and said their products were safe. The drink makers would not accept the fact that their drinks could kill pests because _ .
|
[
"they thought it went against science",
"they believed that the farmers didn't tell the truth",
"they might fear that it could bring harm to their business",
"they insisted that no poison was left in their products"
] | 2C
|
nutrition
|
mmlu_labeled
|
A study of older men in The Netherlands, known for its delicious chocolate, showed those who ate the same amount of one-third of a chocolate bar every day had lower blood pressure and a reduced risk of death. The researchers say, however, it's too early to conclude that it was the chocolate that led to better health. The men who ate more cocoa products could have eaten other food that made them healthier. Experts also point out that eating too much chocolate can make you fat -- a risk for both heart disease and high blood pressure. "It's why too early to make recommendations about whether people should eat more cocoa or chocolate," said Brian Buijsse, an expert for nutrition at prefix = st1 /WageningenUniversityin The Netherlands, who co-authored the study. Still, the Dutch Study, supported by grants from the Netherlands Prevention Foundation, appears to be the largest so far to document a health effect for cocoa beans. And it confirms findings of smaller, shorter-term studies that also linked chocolate with lower blood pressure. Researchers examined the eating habits of 470 healthy men who were not taking blood pressure medicine. The men who ate the most products made from cocoa beans -- including cocoa drinks, chocolate bars and chocolate pudding -- had lower blood pressure and a 50 percent lower risk of death. "This is a very important article providing epidemiological support for what many researchers have been observing is experimental models," said Cesar Fraga of the University of California Davis, who does similar research but was not involved in the new study. Could the study results apply to women? "Our study consisted of elderly inch," Buijsse said. "If you look at the other studies, you will see the same effects in men and women, younger people and older people. The findings may be _ to women, but you never know." What is the main purpose of the text?
|
[
"To encourage us to eat as much chocolate as possible.",
"To prove to us that eating chocolate can reduce blood pressure.",
"To inform us of a study about the health benefits of chocolate.",
"To warn us not to eat cocoa products because they can make you fat."
] | 2C
|
nutrition
|
mmlu_labeled
|
John Nash, a Nobel Prize winner and a mathematical genius whose struggle with mental illness was documented in the Oscar-winning film A Beautiful Mind, was killed in a car accident on May 24th, 2015. Born in West Virginia, Nash displayed a keenness for mathematics early in life,independently proving Femret's little theorem before graduating from high school. By the time he turned 30 in 1958,he was an unquestionable academic celebrity. At Princeton, Nash published a 27-page thesis that led to applications to economics, international politics, and evolutionary biology. His signature solution-known as a "Nash Equilibrium "-found that competition among two opponents,not necessarily governed by zero-sum logic. Two opponents can, for instance,each achieve their maximum objectives through cooperating with the other, or gain nothing at all by refusing to cooperate. It is now regarded e, one of the most important social science ideas in the 20th century. In the late 1950s, Nash began a slide into mental illness. By the time Nash was awarded the Nobel Prize in Economics in 1994, he hadn't published a paper in 36 years. But like a child cured of a nightmare by the switch of a light, Nash recovered from his illness seemingly by choosing not to be sick anymore. He continued to work, travel,and speak at conferences for the rest of his life. In 2001, the release of the film A Beautiful Mind,based an Sylvia Nasar's 1998 book of the same name, introduced Nash's unusual life story to an international audience. Which of the following can be the best title for the text?
|
[
"John Nash's Sudden Death",
"John Nash's Extraordinary life",
"John Nash's Equilibrium",
"John Nash's Mental illness."
] | 1B
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Children who are brought up by two parents grow up to be cleverer than those raised by just one person, new research suggests. Being with both parents in the earliest years of life leads to a child developing more brain cells, the scientists believe. Being brought up by both parents causes boys to have better memory and learning functions. By contrast, it causes girls to develop improved co-ordination and sociability. It is believed that babies with two parents tend to get more attention and more stability , and that they are less likely to suffer emotional distress in the first years of life. This leads to greater brain cell production ------ for boys it is grey matter brain cells that develop and for girls is white matter brain cells. The researchers from Canada studied mice and experimented by creating one-parent and two-parent family groups. They then measured the offspring's brain cell development from birth to adulthood. Adult mice with the highest number of brain cells turned out to be those who had been brought up by two parents rather than one. As babies they had received more attention and more nursing as both parents took turns to lick and tend to their youngsters, said Dr Samuel Weiss. As a result, the babies with two parents are less likely to suffer early life hurt which can have a massive impact on how their brains develop in later life, the research shows. However, what did surprise the researchers is that female babies who grew up with both parents turned out to be good single mothers, as if good parenting was passed on. The researchers said," In the mouse model, parenting and the environment directly _ adult brain cell production. It is possible that similar effects could be seen in other mammals, such as humans." The researchers proved their idea _ .
|
[
"by questionnaire on parents.",
"by experiment on mice.",
"by raising babies themselves.",
"by experiment on humans."
] | 1B
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Porpoises move fastest in
|
[
"dungeons",
"lava",
"deserts",
"saltwater"
] | 3D
|
high_school_biology
|
mmlu_labeled
|
For several years now, the dollar has fallen lower and lower against other major currencies. Lately, though, the dollar has risen, especially against the Japanese yen and the euro. Some traders think the dollar will continue to rise, but that is not clear. The dollar moved up this week after comments by American officials in support of a strong dollar policy. On Monday, before he left for his last trip as president to Europe, George Bush said: "A strong dollar is in our nation's interests. It is in the interests of the global economy." Also Monday, Treasury Secretary Henry Paulson said on CNBC television that he would consider intervention to keep the dollar from sliding further. The United States has not intervened in currency markets since two thousand. That year the administration of president Bill Clinton bought euros to support the European currency. But on Tuesday, President Bush said in Slovenia that the "relative value of economies will end up setting the proper valuation of the dollar." A weaker dollar helps American exporters. But it means Americans have to pay more for imports and for travel to other countries. Some experts say dollar weakness is the main reason why oil prices have risen so high. Oil is priced in dollars on the world market. But Treasury Secretary Paulson dismissed any link. He noted that since two thousand two, the dollar has fallen about twenty-four percent. But the price of oil has gone up well over five hundred percent. Adding to pressure on the dollar, European Central Bank President Jean-Claude Trichet suggested that the E.C.B will raise interest rates next month. European officials are increasingly concerned with inflation. But investors can already get higher rates of return on investments in euros than in dollars. High prices for oil, food and other products have raised inflation concerns worldwide. Federal Reserve Chairman Ben Bernanke said the latest increases in energy prices have added to inflation risks. His comments in recent days have suggested that the central bank could stop cutting rates as it has since September. Its rate for overnight loans between banks is currently at two percent. Some market watchers think the Fed could raise rates as early as this month. Finance ministers from nations in the Group of Eight will discuss the dollar and other issues at their meeting this weekend in Osaka, Japan. Why did the dollar move up a little this week according to the passage?
|
[
"Because of George Bush's visit to the Europe",
"Because of the official's support of the policy.",
"Because of the increasing of the oil price.",
"Because of the meeting of the Group of Eight."
] | 1B
|
high_school_macroeconomics
|
mmlu_labeled
|
What makes sure that the tips of your toes have enough of the gas that plants put off?
|
[
"your circulatory system",
"your pancreas",
"warm socks",
"your nervous system"
] | 0A
|
high_school_biology
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Nursing at Beth Israel Hospital produces the best patient care. If we are to solve the nursing shortage. hospital administration and doctors everywhere would do well to follow Beth Israel's example . At Beth Israel each patient is assigned to a primary nurse who visits at length with the patient and constructs a full-scale health account that covers everything from his medical history to his emotional state. Then she writes a care plan centered on the patient's illness but which also includes everything else that is necessary. The primary nurse stays with the patient through his hospitalization. keeping track with his progress and seeking further advice from his doctor. If a patient at Beth Israel is not responding to treatment. it is not uncommon for his nurse to propose another approach to his doctor. What the doctor at Beth Israel has in the primary nurse is a true colleague. Nursing at Beth Israel also involves a decentralized nursing administration; every unit is a self-contained organization. There are nurse-managers instead of head nurses; in addition to their medical duties they do all their own hiring and dismissing, employee advising, and they make salary recommendations. Each unit's nurses decide among themselves who will work what shifts and when. Beth Israel's nurse-in-chief ranks as an equal with other vice presidents of the hospital. She is also a member of the Medical Executive Committee. which in most hospitals includes only doctors. Which of the following best characterizes the main feature of the nursing system at Beth Israel Hospital?
|
[
"The doctor gets more active professional support from the primary nurse.",
"Each patient is taken care of by a primary nurse day and night.",
"The primary nurse writes care plans for every patient.",
"The primary nurse keeps records of the patient's health conditions every day."
] | 0A
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Microsoft just finished a three-month experiment operating an underwater data center.A server rack with the power of about 300PCs was placed into a water-tight steel container and lowered into the ocean off the coast of central California. The unusual experiment was launched because current data centers are unpleasantly inefficient.They're built where energy and land are cheap (not close to where people actually live).And they waste so much energy cooling their massive computers.The ocean can solve those problems.The cold ocean floor sufficiently cools the computing components inside the pod.And since most people live near the ocean,placing data centers under water could potentially increase the speed at which customers could access the information stored in Microsoft's cloud. The experiment was so successful that Microsoft operated the underwater data center for 75days longer than it had planned to.The next step is to get a larger pod,with about four times the computing power,under the ocean for testing.Unlike the first experiment,the next pod will also be equipped with turbines,which will transform the ocean's currents into electricity.It's not clear when,if ever,underwater data centers will become a possible product."Our first experiment was like dipping our pinkie toe in the water,and now we're going for the big toe,"said Lee,corporate vice president of Microsoft Research. Microsoft is still analyzing the environmental impacts of the study.Data centers are both hot and loud,which could have damaging effects on ocean life.Microsoft found that the noise its underwater data center produced was drowned out by nearby shrimp and crabs.The data centers are also built from recyclable materials,and Microsoft believes that the total carbon footprint of underwater data centers will be"dramatically lower"than current land-based centers. Given the growth in the cloud,industry analysts believe that most of the world's data centers have yet to be built.But building a data center takes at least two years-an eternity in the fast-developing tech industry.As a result,Microsoft builds its data centers with the future in mind,installing far more computing power and space than it currently needs. Lee believes that going under water can shift the building of data centers from construction projects to manufacturing jobs."What if we could mass-produce these pods on an assembly line?"he thought."We could deliver a data center,from conception to operation,in 90days.That's dramatically different than what's happening today." What is the advantage of an underwater data center?
|
[
"It can be lowered to the ocean floor easily.",
"It can cool computing components automatically.",
"It can be built close to the place where people live.",
"It can make information easily accessible to people."
] | 3D
|
computer_security
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Based on this information, what is Hachiko's genotype for the fur color gene?
|
[
"FF",
"black fur"
] | 0A
|
natural science
|
scienceqa
|
Sometimes the object module produced by a compiler includes information (from the symbol table) mapping all source program names to their addresses. The most likely purpose of this information is
|
[
"for use as input to a debugging aid",
"to increase the run-time efficiency of the program",
"for the reduction of the symbol-table space needed by the compiler",
"to tell the loader where each variable belongs"
] | 0A
|
college_computer_science
|
mmlu
|
Across countryside, non-food crops are growing alongside wheat.Some are used in new alternatives to plastics and other materials, but others will simply be burned. Burning crops is becoming more popular because it is good for the planet.Doing so is also cheaper than burning fossil fuels.As more land is devoted to non-food crop production, the economics of crops for fuel are likely to become even more favorable. Humans have been burning such biomass--organic materials from plants or animals-- since they discovered fire.But that burning fossil fuels could have catastrophic consequences has brought biomass back into fashion. Even allowing for emissions of carbon dioxide from fuel used in planting, harvesting, processing and transporting biomass fuel, replacing fossil fuel with biomass can typically reduce greenhouse gas emissions by more than 90 percent. Power stations around the world are experimenting with forms of biomass to add to their coal or oil, with encouraging results.Indeed, power companies could profit by turning to biomass, especially when the subsidies many governments offer for using renewable energy are taken into account. Farmers can benefit from growing biomass.In Europe, the reduction of subsidies for certain crops is exposing farmers to market forces.Instead of being paid for whatever they produce, farmers must seek a clear demand for their product.Many believe that the demand for alternatives to fossil fuels could be just such a driver. But while biomass offers a variety of potential alternatives, the world's infrastructure has developed around burning fossil fuels to such a stage that switching to biomass involves a change in conception that many companies have not accepted. Also, there are problems with using biomass.Although most coal-fired power stations could take a small amount of their fuel from biomass without significant adjustment, few are built to run on biomass alone.Burning some forms of biomass also causes environmental problems.Oils and waste can be smelly, while wood produces smoke unless burned properly. The supply chains for fossil fuels are set up well, but those for biomass are just the beginning. Sources of supply for biomass rely on farm production and can therefore be less reliable. They are necessarily limited and it wouldn't make sense to turn a very large amount of valuable agricultural land away from food crops.But as the world adjusts to the need to control greenhouse gas emissions, these problems may receive more attention. For coal-fired power stations, _ .
|
[
"more effective ways to use biomass have been tried",
"using renewable energy has become their daily task",
"burning biomass alone would require considerable changes",
"setting up dependable supply channels needs governments' support"
] | 2C
|
college_biology
|
mmlu_labeled
|
In animal skin tissue, cell division is responsible for
|
[
"growth and repair",
"sexual reproduction",
"obtaining energy",
"production of sex cells"
] | 0A
|
college_biology
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Which process will separate the sugar from a mixture of sugar and water?
|
[
"Stirring the mixture",
"Evaporating the water",
"Adding more water",
"Adding more sugar"
] | 1B
|
college_chemistry
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Food picked up just a few seconds after being dropped is less likely to contain bacteria than if it is left for longer periods of time, according to the findings of research carried out at Aston University's School of Life and Health Sciences. The findings suggest there may be some scientific basis to the "5 second rule" --- the belief about it being fine to eat food that has only had contact with the floor for five seconds or less. Although people have long followed the 5 second rule, until now it was unclear whether it actually helped. The study, undertaken by final year Biology students and led by Anthony Hilton, Professor of Microbiology at Aston University, monitored the transfer of the common bacteria from a variety of indoor flooring types (carpet, cement floor etc.) to toast, pasta, a biscuit and a sticky sweet when contact was made from 3 to 30 seconds. The results showed that: Time is a significant factor in the transfer of bacteria from a floor surface to a piece of food; and the type of flooring the food has been dropped on has an effect, with bacteria least likely to transfer from carpeted surfaces and most likely to transfer from cement flooring surfaces to moist foods making contact for more than 5 seconds. Professor Hilton said: "Consuming food dropped on the floor still carries an infection risk as it very much depends on which bacteria are present on the floor at the time." The Aston team also carried out a survey of the number of people who employ the 5 second rule. The survey showed that: 87% of people surveyed said they would eat food dropped on the floor, or already have done so. 55% of those who would eat or have eaten food dropped on the floor are women. 81% of the women who would eat food from the floor would follow the 5 second rule. Professor Hilton added, "Our study showed that a surprisingly large majority of people are happy to consume dropped food, with women the most likely to do so. But they are also more likely to follow the 5 second rule." According to the passage, which of the following is true?
|
[
"A toast dropped on the carpet is easier to be polluted than that dropped on the cement floor.",
"A sticky chocolate dropped on the carpet is easier to be polluted than that dropped on the cement floor within 5 seconds.",
"The food dropped on the carpet shares the same potential of being polluted with the food dropped on the cement floor.",
"The food dropped on the cement floor is not as safe as food dropped on the carpet within 30 seconds."
] | 3D
|
nutrition
|
mmlu_labeled
|
The family cooked most of their food using a stove and
|
[
"electricity",
"luck",
"ice",
"magic"
] | 0A
|
nutrition
|
mmlu_labeled
|
We all long for friendship, but how to make a friend? "The best time to make a friend is before you need one." Joy Steven said. The following are some tips for you. People equal friends Friends usually begin with strangers. Getting in touch with other people is the first step to make a friend. Friends can't be made in empty air. Best friends take time to make. Friends understand friends Friends understand each other when talking. Many unpleasant personal quarrels can be avoided if you will take the time to understand others' feelings and points of view. Friends touch friends Touching is a warm from of communication between friends. When you see best friends communicating, you will notice them stand close together, touch each other comfortably and listen to each other. Sometimes a friendly touch is more powerful than words. Friends praise friends Praise is a powerful tool to make a friend. Honest praise can affect your friends' lives. So try to praise your friends, including your general ones. Friends can loyal and trustworthy Trust and loyalty go hand in hand for friends. Friends can share secrets with you, because good friends never break confidence and are loyal forever. The passage mainly tells us _ .
|
[
"how to communicate with a friend",
"how to develop friendship",
"when to make a friend",
"how to praise a friend"
] | 1B
|
human_sexuality
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Each year, bad food sickens about one in six Americans. Proposed new rules aim to improve food safety. Officials say the changes could prevent more than one million cases of food-related illnesses each year. The new rules were proposed this month, exactly two years after President Obama signed the Food Safety Modernization Act. The rules are the first step in putting the law into effect, making the biggest changes in food safety since the 1930s. The law makes the Food and Drug Administration responsible for preventing food-related illnesses. Experts say this is a change from the role that the FDA has played in the past in reacting to disease outbreaks . Congress passed the law after a series of outbreaks linked to bagged spinach, peanut butter and other foods. Margaret Hamburg is commissioner of the FDA. "They occurred because of problems that would have been solved by these kinds of approaches. So I think, you know>> we're very optimistic that we will begin to see the real change. " The agency is proposing to require food manufacturers to show that they have identified where contamination is most likely to happen. Manufacturers would also have to show that they have taken steps to prevent it. The proposed rules also deal with safety in growing and harvesting fruits and vegetables. Caroline Smith DeWaal is director for food safety at the Center for Science in the Public Interest. She says the rules should have been released a year ago. And she notes, "The bigger question is, where are the rules on imports that haven't been released yet?" The FDA says about 15 percent of food eaten by Americans is imported, and that share is growing. Rules have not been released yet to require imported foods to meet the same standards as food produced in the United States. Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?
|
[
"The Food Safety Modernization Act has made a great difference.",
"Food manufacturers will have to assume more responsibilities.",
"No change has been made to improve, food safety since the 1930s.",
"More than one million people die of food-related illnesses each year."
] | 1B
|
nutrition
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Are people less happy or happier when they get older? If your answer is"happier", then you are right,based on a study published seven years ago.It found that people become happier and experience less worry after age fifty.In fact,it found that by the age of eighty-five,people are happier with their life than they were at eighteen. The finding came from a Gallup survey of more than three hundred and forty thousand adults in the United States in 2008.At that time,people were between the ages of eighteen and eighty-five. Arthur Stone in the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science at Stony Brook University in New York led the study.His team found that levels of stress were the highest among adults between the ages of twenty-two and twenty-five.Stress levels dropped sharply after people reached their fifties. Levels of happiness were the highest among the kids and those in their early seventies. The survey also found that men and women have similar emotional patterns as they grow older.However, women at all ages reported more sadness,stress and worry than men did. So why would happiness increase with age? One theory is that,as people get older, they become more thankful for what they have and have better control of their emotions.They also spend less time thinking about bad experiences. What can you learn from the findings of the survey?
|
[
"People become happier and feel less worried before age 50.",
"People are happier with their life at 18 than they were at 85.",
"Adults between the ages of 22 and 25 have the least stress.",
"The kids and those in their early seventies feel the happiest."
] | 3D
|
human_aging
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Based on this information, what is Bianca's genotype for the eye color gene?
|
[
"brown eyes",
"EE"
] | 1B
|
natural science
|
scienceqa
|
The message what the "Eat up All on Your Plate" campaign tries to convey is not new. Our ancestorshad poems about the importance of frugality in the consumption of food. But it makes a lot of sensewhen many are yet to have the awareness that food waste borders on a crime. The campaign has been started online and thousands of people have answered the call. Manyrestaurants have joined the program by announcing that customers are encouraged to order half a dish andtake home what they can't finish. However, it is estimated that 50 million tons of grain are wasted every year in China, enough tofeed 200 million people for a year. True, official banquets paid with public money contribute much to such waste. But it isimportant that everyone thinks about how they can do their bit to reduce food waste. We need to developthe habit of never ordering or cooking more than we can eat and feeling guilty when we dump ourleftovers. Many people have a bad habit of entertaining guests with more than enough food, believing that theyhave not satisfied their guests' appetites if there is no food left on the table. In fact, to be a good host theyorder more than their guests can possibly eat and their guests eat more than they want out of politeness. Such a mentality needs to change. People need to be made aware that it is impolite to force guests toeat more than they are comfortable with and it is insensible and uncivilized to waste food. Even if one iswealthy, ordering more than one can eat is a bad way to show off one's wealth. The writer shows how serious the problem of food waste is by _ .
|
[
"Using examples",
"Offering figures",
"Comparing",
"Analyzing people's attitude"
] | 1B
|
nutrition
|
mmlu_labeled
|
The speed of light is often called a"constant ". New experiments show that may not be true, even within a vacuum. Sometimes, light slows a bit. The new research is"very impressive work", Robert Boyd toldScienceNews.An optical physicist at the University of Rochester in New York, he did not work on the study. He speaks of the new finding:"It's the sort of thing that's so obvious; you wonder why you didn't think of it first." Light travels as particles and as waves. Photons are the name given to those particles that represent the smallest possible amount of light. At their fastest, photons travel nearly 300 million meters (almost 1 billion feet) in a single second. That's fast enough to get to the moon and back in about 2.6 seconds. Scientists had long known, though, that they could slow light photons down by shining them through a material such as glass or water. Still, light moving through a vacuum has usually been assumed to move at a peak speed. That would seem to make sense. After all, a vacuum is a space with nothing in it to slow light down. In a new study, however, scientists show that even racing through a vacuum, light can slow. So the speed of light is more of a universal speed limit than an rule for how fast photons travel, the new data suggest. Miles Padgett led the new study. As an optical physicist, he works at the University of Glasgow in Scotland. He and his colleagues showed that the key to slowing light is to change the shape of a light wave. Padgett described how they did this in a paper published online January 22 inScience. His team raced a pair of photons. One traveled unchanged through a cable made from optical fibers. The other passed through a pair of devices that acted like lenses. A lens changes light: It can focus a spread-out beam of light on a point, for instance. The second photon passed through one device that changed the shape of its waveand another that changed it back to its original form. The first photon won the race. The second photon came in a tiny bit later, several quadrillionths of a second late for every meter of the race. The difference wasn't huge, but it was enough to measure. Most technology would not pick up such a small change, but it could be important to scientists who study short pulses of light. "I'm not surprised the effect exists,"Boyd toldScienceNews."But it's surprising that the effect is so large and strong." What does the study led by Miles Padgett mainly suggest?
|
[
"Light travels fastest through a vacuum.",
"There's a minimum limit to the speed of light.",
"Devices like lenses slow down the speed of light.",
"Light photons can't travel through lenses easily."
] | 2C
|
college_physics
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Photosynthesis is a process involving carbon dioxide, water, glucose, oxygen, and sunlight. Which is the correct chemical equation for photosynthesis?
|
[
"O_{2} + H_{2}O + energy -> C_{6}H_{12}O_{6} + CO_{2}",
"CO_{2} + H_{2}O -> C_{6}H_{6}O_{3} + O_{2} + energy",
"6O_{2} + 6H_{2}O -> C_{6}H_{12}O_{6} + 6CO_{2} + energy",
"6CO_{2} + 6H_{2}O + energy -> C_{6}H_{12}O_{6} + 6O_{2}"
] | 3D
|
college_biology
|
mmlu_labeled
|
It is said that most people have not more than 30 friends at any given time, and 400 over the whole of their lives. However, on social networking sites, most users have about 150 friends. If these numbers are correct, then friendship means different things in different situations. Also, there are no rules about friendship. There are no instructions about how to make friends, how to keep friendships going, and how to finish friendships if we want to move on. People have very different opinions about this: some people would die for their friends and they value them more than family. Others say that friends are temporary, only there to help each other until they are no longer needed. If people with such different views become friends, this can lead to problems. Because of these different definitions of friendship, it is easy to be unhappy about our friendships. We may want them to be deeper or closer, or we may want to have more friends in our lives. Sometimes we simply do not have the time to develop our friendships, or we fear we have left it too late in life to start. If we move to another country or city, we have to find ways to make new friends again. This dissatisfaction shows us how important friendships are for most of us. We should not think that it could be too late to build friendships. We also need to understand that the need to be around other people is one that is shared by many. Therefore, we should not be too frightened about starting to talk to people who in the future may become our friends: it is likely that they too would like to get closer to us. Remember what people say: strangers are friends we have not met yet. What is the author's attitude towards talking to a stranger?
|
[
"Uninterested.",
"Cautious.",
"Doubtful.",
"Positive."
] | 3D
|
human_sexuality
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Mary and Her Friends Mary has some friends. They are Betty, Peter, Alice and Mike. Mary is the oldest of the five. Betty is thirteen years old. She is younger than Mary and older than Peter. Alice is nine and Mike is seven. Betty and Peter are good runners . But Peter runs faster. Mary and Betty like to play basketball. Mary plays better than Betty. Alice sings best of them. Mary and Betty study in a middle school. Peter, Alice and Mike study in a primary school. They all work hard at school. But Betty works hardest. Her handwriting is good, too. Mike is _ than Alice.
|
[
"youngest",
"oldest",
"younger",
"older"
] | 2C
|
elementary_mathematics
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Would you be surprised to learn that your eyes are like an eagle's eyes in some ways? You and an eagle can see colors. And an eagle's eyes and yours are about the same size. But therre are a lot more of a special type of cell in an eagle's eyes than in your eyes. These cells send information to the eagle's brain. Getting a lot of information helps an eagle see much better than you. In fact, eagle can spot a fish in the sea from a mile away. You and an eagle have eyes that make tears. Your eyes make watery tears that clean your eyes. An eagle's eyes for watery tears and oily tears. Eagles dive into the sea to catch fish. The oily tears guard their eyes from the saltwater. Like you, eagles have eyelids. You have two eyelids, and you close your eyes by lowering the top lid. When eagles close their eyes, their bottom lids raise up. Eagles have a third eyelid that moves across the eye every few seconds. It wipes dust away from the eye. An eagle can see through this third eyelid. The eyelid guards the bird's eyes when it _ at 100 miles an hour after its prey . How is the way an eagle blinks different from the way you blink?
|
[
"An eagle moves both its top and bottom eyelids.",
"An eagle moves its bottom eyelid.",
"An eagle moves its top eyelid.",
"An eagle uses three eyelids to blink."
] | 0A
|
college_biology
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Applying to Stellinga College Why Stellinga? Thank you for your interest in Stellinga International College. As an international student, we are sure you will find our college an exciting place to study, with like-minded and ambitious people. Preparing and submitting your application We have tried to make the application process as easy as possible for you, but there are a number of procedures you must follow. All our courses are taught in English, so first of all you will probably need to submit evidence of your English language ability. We require an IELTS score of 6.5. You will also have to send us your secondary school diploma, so that we can evaluated it. We will also require a personal statement. This is a text of up to 1,000 words in which you introduce yourself, explain your interest in our college, and why you want to study your chosen course. If you are from outside the European Union(EU), it is important that you have an entrance visa before you come to study in the Netherlands, but we will apply for this for you. We now only accept online applications, so please ensure that you have all your documents ready to upload before you begin. Any documents that are not in English originally will also need to be translated and the translation also uploaded. You will need a passport photograph; a copy of your passport; copies of all your certificates and diplomas; your proof of language ability; and your personal statement in English. What happens next? Your application will then be considered. If your initial application is successful, you will be invited for an interview. This will be conducted in English via skype, over the phone or on site. You will talk to two or three members of staff for up to 30 minutes. We aim to inform you of our decision in writing, within 4 weeks. There are several possible outcomes: you may not have been successful; you may be offered a place on the waiting list. You will need to reply to any offers within two weeks, otherwise your place may be offered to somebody else. Good luck with your application. If your first application is accepted, what is the next process?
|
[
"You will have an interview in English.",
"You will get the reply over the phone.",
"You should make a decision within 4 weeks.",
"You should reply to the offer the moment you get it."
] | 0A
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Some people would have you believe that being fat is the worst thing you can be. They think that if a person is fat they have no life, no love, no reason to want to look good in their clothes. The sad thing is that many people who are fat do feel the same loathing toward themselves and others who are overweight or obese. I know what I'm talking about because I have been there. I have been that fat girl who wore big T-shirts to cover my "sins". Forget style. Forget fashion sense. I absolutely had none. I didn't even bother getting haircuts for years, just wore my hair long and straight, pulled back in a ponytail, I have to wonder if the reason the fashion industry has ignored plus sized women and children for so long is because plus sized people, feeling they couldn't possibly look great, didn't bother shopping for new clothes, and therefore no profit was to be found by producing those sizes. For me, the change that improved my outer look actually started with my outlook on life. I started by being grateful for all I do have, like great health, a stable family, a steady income, freedom, a decent home, the ability to see the trees turn orange in the fall, to hear my grandson humming in the back seat, to remember the great times I've had in my life. I started to focus on all the positive aspects of the life I already had. I actually started to feel the beauty of the Universe all around me and to realize that I am part of that perfection. The self loathing stopped. I noticed all the people in my life who loved me in spite of my size. I got off the pity pot and smiled at myself. I acknowledged my shame and embarrassment and moved through that too. What does the author think is the most important to lead a happy life?
|
[
"One's view on life.",
"The support and care from others.",
"Neglecting others' views.",
"Focusing on one's inner beauty."
] | 0A
|
human_sexuality
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Keeping fish as pets is a popular hobby. Fish take up little room, are inexpensive to feed, and provide an interesting and color1ful display in any room. A tank, or an aquarium , must be chosen carefully. Many new aquarium owners buy too many fish for their tanks. Fish cannot be crowded. Two fish can live comfortably in each gallon of water, only ten fish can live in a five-gallon tank. Can you see why a goldfish would not live long in a tiny , round bowl? If too many fish are kept together, they will not have enough oxygen or room to swim about freely. They will have more diseases. Also, some kinds of fish cannot be kept together. They will fight and may even kill one another. As your interest in fish grows, the number of fish you have may grow, too. Then you may want to _ in another tank. If you start with a ten-gallon aquarium, what kind of fish would be best? The two major groups of tropical fish are those that lay eggs and those that give birth to live young. If you want to raise young fish, guppies would be the best choice because they can produce many babies in a short time. You can buy fish and aquariums in most pet stores. Ask the owner to help you choose the right fish. You can also find many books about tropical fish in the library. What can we know from the passage?
|
[
"Very few people are interested in keeping fish.",
"The size of your tank decides how many fish you can buy.",
"Guppies are a kind of fish that are good at laying eggs.",
"You can raise different kinds of fish together."
] | 1B
|
high_school_biology
|
mmlu_labeled
|
The health of millions could be at risk because medicinal plants are being used up.These plants are used to make traditional medicine,including drugs to fight cancer."The loss of medicinal plants is a quiet disaster,"says Sara Oldfield,secretary general of the NGO Botanic Gardens Conservation International. Most people worldwide (including 80 percent of all Africans)rely on herbal medicines which are got mostly from wild plants.But some 15,000 of the 50,000 medicinal species are under threat of dying out,according to a report from the international conversation group Plantlife.Shortages have been reported in China,India,Kenya,Nepal,Tanzania and Uganda. Overharvesting does the most harm,though pollution and competition from invasive species are both responsible."Businessmen generally harvest medicinal plants,not caring about sustain ability,"the Plantlife report says."Damage is serious partly because they have no idea of it,but it is mainly because such collection is unorganized." Medicinal trees at risk include the Himalayan yew and the African cherry,which are used to treat some cancers. The solution,says the report's author,Alan Hamilton,is to encourage local people to protect these plants.Ten projects studied by Plantlife in India,Pakistan,China,Nepal,Uganda and Kenya showed this method can succeed.In Uganda the project has kept a sustainable supply of lowcost cancer treatments,and in China a public run medicinal plant project has been created for the first time. "Improving health,earning an income and keeping cultural traditions are important in encouraging people to protect medicinal plants,"says Hamilton."You have to pay attention to what people are interested in." Ghillean Prance,the former director of the Royal Botanic Gardens at Kew in London,agrees that medicinal plants are in need of protection. "Not nearly enough is being done,"he told New Scientist."We are destroying the very plants that are of most use to us." Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?
|
[
"About 30% of medicinal species are at risk of dying out.",
"Medicinal plants are mainly used to treat cancers.",
"80% of African countries are reported to be short of medicinal plants.",
"The problem of the loss of medicinal plants appeared suddenly."
] | 0A
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Friends are very important in our everyday life. Everyone needs friends. We all like to feel close to someone. It is nice to have a friend to talk, laugh and do things with. Certainly, sometimes we need to be alone. We don't always want people around. But we would feel lonely if we never had a friend. No two people are just the same. Friends sometimes don't get on well. That doesn't mean that they no longer like each other. Most of the time they will make it up and become friends again. Sometimes friends move away. Then we feel very sad. We miss them very much but we can call them or write to them. We can also make new friends. It is encouraging to find out how much we like new people when we get to know them. There's more good news for people who have friends. They live longer than people who don't. Why? Friends can make us feel happy. Being happy helps you stay well. If someone cares about you, you will take better care of yourself. If we can't see our friends for a long time, we _ .
|
[
"no longer love them.",
"don't get on well.",
"can call them or write to them.",
"will take better care of ourselves."
] | 2C
|
human_sexuality
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Laresce was born with a condition called hypermobility which meant her joints were"bend".The condition can use severe joint pain and lead to dislocations . But rather than feel sorry for herself, she used her misfortune to inspire her to become Britain's strongest schoolgirl. Just two years ago,the condition left Laresce in so much pain that she couldn't even take part in sports.But now she has six British and World Champion power lifting records.It's an incredible achievement. Laresce's trainer Tania George said her condition is the secret to her success."She has more flexibility in her back than most people,which gives her the technique of bending her back strongly and safely.Most power lifters would kill to try to bend their backs like Laresce.She has perfected the technique to lift incredibly heavy weights,"Tania said. "I used to suffer a lot of pain from my hypermobility.I remember coming home from school with pains in my knees,joints and hips.It would stop me doing normal things at schoo1.The pain would be so much that some nights I couldn't sleep at all and I just couldn't face going to school like that.And after each dislocation,I had to do six months of physiotherapy to recover,"said Laresce. However, since taking up the sport of power lifting 18 months ago she is now effectively cured."really enjoyed the feeling of power I got and the excitement of people encouraging me to do my very best,"she said. "I've made lots of friends a It's an incredible feeling when everyone's cheering me on.It's the support of other people that makes the difference to winning.Becoming a champion was a big surprise--I just started off for fun and wasn't expecting anything.So to win six titles over just a few months was amazing." Laresce had to do long-time physiotherapy to _ .
|
[
"reduce the pains in knees and joints",
"recover from joint dislocations",
"fall asleep easily during nights",
"do normal things freely at school"
] | 1B
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
What are the functions of dietary fat?
|
[
"Provide energy to the body",
"Form part of cellular membranes",
"Cell signalling",
"All options given are correct"
] | 3D
|
nutrition
|
mmlu
|
Wake Up,Sleep Gene Some people can stay up all night and still get work done the next day.I'm not one of them.After a night without enough sleep,I feel bad-tempered.I have trouble remembering things.And all I want to do is crawl back into bed and sleep. How do you feel after you've stayed up late to finish schoolwork? Or the day after an overnight party? Scientists now say that your answers to these questions may depend on your genes. New research suggests that a gene called period 3 affects how well you function without sleep.The period 3 gene comes in two forms: short and long.Everyone has two copies of the gene.So,you may have two longs,two shorts,or one of each.Your particular combination depends on what your parents passed on to you. Scientists from the University of Surrey in England studied 24 people who had either two short or two long copies of period 3.Study participants had to stay awake for 40 hours straight.Then,they took tests that measured how quickly they pushed a button when number flashed on a screen and how well they could remember lists of numbers. Results showed that the people with the short form of period 3 performed much better on these tests than the people with the long form did.In both groups,people performed worst in the early morning.That's the time when truck drivers and other night-shift workers say they have the most trouble concentrating. After the first round of experiments,participants were finally allowed to sleep.People in the group that performed well on the tests took about 18 minutes to nod off. People with the long period 3 genes,by contrast,fell asleep in just 8 minutes.They also spent more time in dip sleep.That suggests that people with the long form of the gene need more and deeper sleep to keep their brains working at top form. I think I must have the long form of period 3.What about you? The purpose of this passage might be _ .
|
[
"to tell us the importance of plenty of sleep",
"to tell the result of a research on sleepy gene",
"to inform the harm of lacking sleep",
"to announce the sleeping rules of humans"
] | 1B
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
The next time you try for a high-ranking post, you could let your possible boss listen to a recommending phone call "made" by US President George W Bush or British Prime Minister Tony Blair. Of course, neither of them could really do that for you-you would just "borrow" their voices. AT & T labs will start selling speech software that it says is so good at reproducing the sounds of a human voice that it can recreate voices and even bring the voices of long-dead famous people back to life. The software, which turns printed text into speech, makes it possible for a company to use recordings of a person's voice to say things that the person never actually said. Possible customers for the software, which is priced in the thousands of dollars, include telephone call centers, companies that make software that reads digital files aloud, and makers of automated voice devices . The advances raise several problems. Who, for example, owns the rights to a famous person's voice? (Some experts even believe that new contracts will be drawn that include voice-licensing clauses.) And although scientists say the technology is not yet good enough to commit fraud , would the synthesized voices at last be able to trick people into thinking that they were getting phone calls or digital audio recordings from people they know? Even Mr Fruchterman, one of AT & T lab's possible first customers, said he wondered what the new technology might bring. "Just like you can't trust a photograph anymore." He said, "you won't be able to trust a voice either." The passage mainly wants to _ .
|
[
"introduce a new software",
"explain the disadvantage of a new invention",
"advertise a new kind of product",
"describe the future market of a new product"
] | 0A
|
computer_security
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Sometimes life gets a little dull. What used to be fun and different becomes boring. That is the time to look for something new. It is the time for a big idea to get your mind off everyday life. So why not search for extraterrestrial intelligence? Or even better, why not get your computer to do it for you? Over two million people have joined the Search for Extraterrestrial Intelligence(SETI)project. Based in California, the SETI project analyzes information taken from a giant radio telescope based in South America. Its task is to look for signals from outer space that might prove that life exists on other planets. Processing this information is far too big a job for one computer. So the SETI project workers divide the work among volunteers who visit their website. Each computer gets some information to work out from the SETI network through the Internet. This process is often known as "meta-computing". It is a wonderful thought. You are sleeping, eating a meal or going out with friends. All this time, your computer is searching the stars for signs that might show something is out there trying to get in touch. Volunteers are proud of being involved in the SETI project. It shows that they understand the potential of computing. They know that it is more than just a way of working or playing games. Meta-computing may also be creating intelligence as well as looking for _ . This idea is based on the theory that human intelligence is created by the way in which different parts of the brain communicate with each other. As the saying goes, "The whole is more than the sum of its parts." People who join the SETI project sometimes wonder whether their computer will become part of a huge network that has learned to think for itself. The passage mainly tells us about _ .
|
[
"a new way to work on the computer",
"a new way to work and play games",
"a new way to search for life outside the earth",
"a new way to make computers learn to think for itself"
] | 2C
|
college_computer_science
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Using only these supplies, which question can Danny investigate with an experiment?
|
[
"Do toy cars go faster down the ramp made of wood or the ramp made of cardboard?",
"Does a big toy car go down the wooden ramp faster than a small toy car?",
"Do toy cars with plastic wheels go faster down the cardboard ramp than toy cars with metal wheels?"
] | 0A
|
natural science
|
scienceqa
|
In the Pacific Northwest there is a kind of owl that serves as a unique piece to the Northwest habitat -- the northern spotted owl. Northern spotted owls are known to be curious. When seeing you, these owls will come down close and check you out. The northern spotted owl has been a savior of old-growth forests. Old-growth forests are forests that have been around for a long time without significant disturbances. One way the spotted owl has become a protector of old-growth forests is simply by being there. The northern spotted owl has become endangered, and so to protect them from dying out, the government has to protect their habitat. So now any destruction of old-growth forests is illegal. Another way the owls help their habitat is by eating small animals. This helps create a balance in the forest. So, if the northern spotted owl is in a habitat that is protected by laws, why are they still endangered? Unfortunately, a cousin of the northern spotted owl has moved into its neighborhood. The bigger, more aggressive "barred owl" has grown in population and due to loss of the forests they lived in on the East Coast of the United States, they have begun to move to the west coast. These owls are taking the food source and pushing northern spotted owls out of their own home. Although the barred owl is able to live in different habitats, the northern spotted owl can only live in old-growth forests. Many government officials have been at a loss to find an answer to the difficult question, "What do we do with the non-native barred owls?" Some methods include shooting them. It is a difficult problem to deal with. Can you think of any possible solutions? The methods being used to help northern spotted owls are _ .
|
[
"creative",
"far-sighted",
"unbearable",
"ineffective"
] | 3D
|
college_biology
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Two variables, xand y, seem to be exponentially related. The natural logarithm of each yvalue is taken and the least-squares regression line of ln(y) on xis determined to be ln(y) = 3.2 + 0.42x. What is the predicted value of ywhen x= 7?
|
[
"464.05",
"1380384.27",
"521.35",
"6.14"
] | 0A
|
high_school_statistics
|
mmlu
|
I'm telling Mother about a new girl in school,and she suddenly looks up and says,"Who're your two best friends?" I'm not sure what to say.I've been friends with Jill since I was three or so,and I really like Jaime,a friend in kindergarten."Well,what about Karen and Cindy?" She seems upset,like I hurt her feelings."But they're my sisters." "Yes,but they can still be your best friends.Friends may come and go,but your sisters will always be there for you." At the time,the idea of my two sisters being my closest friends seemed strange to me.We fought all the time over toys,food and attention.How could my sisters be my best friends?They weren't the same age as I.We all had our own friends in school.But my mother never let the three of us forget it:Sisters are lifelong friends.Her wish was to give us something that she never had.Growing up an only child,she longed for siblings .When she gave birth to three daughters,the fulfillment of her dream had only just begun.She'd given us each a gift and she wanted to make sure we did not take that gift for granted.She'd frequently tell us how lucky we were.She never showed favoritism to one daughter over the other.And when we were teenagers,Mom always punished us equally. We didn't always get along beautifully and fought just like any other siblings.But we realized that our mother was right.Today I share things with my sisters that I do with no one else.My sister Cindy and I ran the New York City Marathon together,sidebyside,even holding hands when we crossed the finish line.When my sister Karen got married,I was her maid of honor.The three of us trust each other with our greatest secrets. It was twentythree years ago that my mother first asked me who my two best friends were.Today she doesn't have to.She already knows. Why does Mother say that my sisters can be my best friends?
|
[
"Because we fight over toys,food and attention.",
"Because my sisters are the same age as I.",
"Because my sisters will always be there for me.",
"Because we are always punished by Mother equally."
] | 2C
|
human_sexuality
|
mmlu_labeled
|
How long is a pen?
|
[
"6 inches",
"6 yards"
] | 0A
|
natural science
|
scienceqa
|
Is a mouse that can speak acceptable? How about a dog with human hands or feet? Scientists, the people with the know-how to make such things happen, are now thinking about whether such experiments are morally right or not. On Nov. 10, Britain's Academy of Medical Sciences launched a study on the use of animals with human materials in scientific research. The work is expected to take at least a year, but its leaders hope it will lead to guidelines for scientists in Britain and around the world on how far _ can go mixing human genes into animals in search of ways to fight human diseases. "Do these constructs challenge our idea of what it is to be human?" asked Martin Bobrow, a professor of medical genetics at Cambridge University and chair of a 14-member group looking into the issue. "It is important that we consider these questions now so that appropriate boundaries are recognized." Using human material in animals is not new. Scientists have already created monkeys that have a human form of the Huntingdon's gene so they can study how the disease develops; and mice with livers made from human cells are being used to study the effects of new drugs. However, scientists say the technology to put ever greater amounts of human genetic material into animals is spreading quickly around the world --- raising the possibility that some scientists in some places may want to go further than is morally acceptable. Last year in Britain there was a lively debate over new laws allowing the creation of human-animal embryos for experiments. On one side of the debate were religious groups, who claimed that such science interferes with nature. Opposing them were scientists who pointed out that such experiments were vital to research cures for diseases. The experts will publish reports after the end of the study, in which they will give definitions for animal embryos with human genes or cells, look at safety and animal welfare issues, and consider the right legal framework to work within. We can infer from the passage that _ .
|
[
"the experts will release reports after the study",
"scientists have never doubted the use of animals with human materials",
"the creation of human-animal embryos for experiments is legal in Britain",
"religious groups hold that cures for diseases have to be done through experiments"
] | 2C
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
A student used the dimmest setting on a light microscope to observe a euglena and an amoeba. The student shined a narrow beam of light at the top of the cover slip. She observed that the euglena swam up toward the light but the amoeba did not. She knew the amoeba was alive because it slowly changed shape while she watched. What inference should the student draw from her observation?
|
[
"An amoeba can only move side to side.",
"An amoeba is unable to respond to light.",
"An amoeba moves too slowly to observe.",
"An amoeba only moves when it is hungry."
] | 1B
|
natural_science
|
ai2_arc_challenge
|
Which event would most likely result in more food for organisms that are scavengers?
|
[
"Fish die and sink to the bottom of a pond.",
"Trees take up and store water with roots.",
"Beavers build a new dam and lodge.",
"Plants get more sunshine and water."
] | 0A
|
high_school_biology
|
mmlu_labeled
|
What is so amazing about giving blood? The National Blood Service, which covers all of England and North Wales, needs nearly two and a half million blood donations each year. When you give blood, you'll be doing one of the most amazing things anybody could dream of -- saving a life. _ All types of blood are needed --not just rare ones. In fact, the commoner the blood type, the more are needed. So even if your blood is one of the most common types -- group O for example -- you can be sure that by donating three times a year, you really are doing something amazing. What is the donation process? The donation will last about an hour in all. When you arrive, you will be asked a few questions about your health. Then a drop of blood will be taken and tested just to make sure you're not anemic . If all is well, your donation will be taken. This only takes about ten minutes, during which time 470ml of blood will be collected. Most people hardly feel a thing. After a short rest, a drink and biscuits, you'll be up and ready to go. All equipment used in the collection of your blood is new and is never reused, so you don't have to worry about risks to your health in the collection of your blood. Who can become a blood donor? Becoming a blood donor really is very simple. As long as you're in good health and aged between 17 and 60, you can become a blood donor. If you would like more information or advice, or you want to become a blood donor, ring the donor helpline on 0845 7711. The donor helpline is open 24 hours a day -- every day of the year. What does the passage tell us about the donation process?
|
[
"It takes many hours.",
"It's done on computer.",
"It doesn't need equipment.",
"It won't affect donors' health."
] | 3D
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
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