question
stringlengths 4
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listlengths 2
5
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stringclasses 4
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|---|---|---|---|---|
Everyone needs to be healthy. Do you eat healthy food every day? It's important for your health. You need fruit, like oranges, apples and bananas. _ " You also need vegetables, like carrots and broccoli. Fruit and vegetables are good for our health. But don't eat lots of chocolate. It's not good healthy food. What about dessert? Don't eat lots of dessert because it's not good for your health. Many people eat lots of chocolate and dessert, so they are _ . Sports can also keep you healthy. Play sports every day. Don't be lazy. You can be healthy. What are healthy food?
|
[
"Fruit and vegetables.",
"Bananas, apples and chocolate.",
"Fruit and dessert.",
"Vegetables and dessert."
] | 0A
|
nutrition
|
mmlu_labeled
|
If an experiment results in data that do not support the hypothesis, what is the most likely step to take next?
|
[
"Change the data to support the hypothesis.",
"Perform the experiment without using control groups.",
"Make observations and form another testable hypothesis.",
"Perform the experiment using a larger number of variables."
] | 2C
|
natural_science
|
ai2_arc_challenge
|
Don't you think your schoolbag is too heavy to bear? The e-schoolbag will free you from the weight. It is said that e-schoolbags are going to be brought into use in Chinese middle schools soon. An experiment with several hundred e-schoolbags will begin in seven cities: Beijing, Shanghai, Dalian, Shenzhen, Chongqing, Taiyuan and Shijiazhuang. And the e-schoolbags are going to cover all over China if the experiment proves to be successful. In fact, the e-schoolbag should perhaps be called an e-notebook. It is a small hand-held computer for school students. Heavy schoolbags have long been a serious problem for school students. The average schoolbag of middle school students weighs up to 5 kilos. But the e-schoolbag will change everything. It is much lighter than a usual schoolbag, weighing under 1 kilo. Also, it is no bigger than a usual book, but it can still hold all the things for study, such as a textbook, a notebook and exercise book. They could be made into chips that are as small as a stamp. The students can read the text page by page on the screen. They can still take notes using a special electronic pen. If they want to know the meaning or the pronunciation of a new word, or even e-mail their teachers, it's just a press of a button. In some foreign countries, it is becoming common. But it is hard to tell when people will receive this new form of study. Some say that e-textbooks can be easily broken, some say that it is not good to students' eyesight to look at the screen for long. But only time will tell. According to the passage, the e-schoolbag _ .
|
[
"is not heavy as before but still large",
"is used as an experiment in Tianjin",
"is made of metal",
"is going to cover China if it proves to be successful"
] | 3D
|
college_computer_science
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Astronaut Mark Kelly announced today that he is retiring from NASA in order to focus on the recovery of his wife, Gabrielle Giffords. Kelly, who is 47, began his NASA career in 1996. He has traveled to the International Space Station four times and served aboard space shuttles Endeavour and Discovery. Most recently he was commander of Endeavour's final voyage, which ended on June l. "After 25 years of service to our country, I am retiring from the United States Navy and leaving NASA. My retirement will take effect on October l. " he said. "This was no easy decision. Words cannot express my deep gratitude for the opportunities I have been given to serve our great nation. And I have always been proud to be a member of the NASA. Public service has been more than a job for me and for my family. My brother continues to serve in NASA and in the Navy. My parents are retired police officers. And my wife Gabrielle proudly serves in the US House of Representatives." he continued. "As life takes unexpected turns we frequently come to a crossroads. I am at this point today. Gabrielle is working hard every day on her way to recovery. I want to be by her side. Stepping aside from my work in the Navy and at NASA will allow me to be with her and with my two daughters. I love them all very much and there is no doubt that we will move forward together. After some time off, I will look for new opportunities and I'm hopeful that one day I will again serve our country." Kelly said. On Jan 8, Giffords was shot in the head and was severely injured while meeting with her supporters. She returned to her Tucson home last week for the first time since then. Mark Kelly must have been_when he announced his decision.
|
[
"regretful",
"cheerful",
"peaceful",
"meaningful"
] | 0A
|
astronomy
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Why does the rate of heart attacks increase during the World Cup football finals? How can we help an overweight patient to lose weight? They're just some of the topics covered in a new book by University of Sussex academics, which is helping student doctors to consider the importance of psychology in medical practice. Psychology for Medicineis the first textbook of its kind, providing medical trainees and new doctors with all the relevant psychological knowledge they need. Previously, students had to refer to many different books for the relevant psychology. The book, by Sussex psychologists Dr. Sussex Ayers and Dr. Richard de Visser, has been well received by fellow academics and medical doctors and was finished with the help of the students and staff of the Brighton and Sussex Medical School. The studentsproofread the chapters, provided ideas for the content and even modeled for the photographs. The book provides a solid grounding in psychological study relevant to medicine, along with practical tips and advice for practice. One student, Simon Hall, drew cartoons for the book. The study psychology is important for doctors for a number of reasons. Psychological and physical symptoms are highly related. Up to a third of patients will have psychological disorders, while physical causes are usually only found in around 15 per cent of people's symptoms. In treatment, a lot of the effect drugs can be due to patients believing they will recover rather than the drug itself. Dr. Ayers says, "The important thing about this book is that it's applied science --- it shows why psychology is important to medicine and how we should use it. The book's presentation is really important. It's not just lots of theory, but full of tips and advice so that students can take what they learn in the classroom and apply it to real-life situations." According to the text, the bookPsychology for Medicine _ .
|
[
"is a bit difficult to understand.",
"is mainly about how to lose weight.",
"included tips on training football players.",
"focuses on the importance of psychology in treatment"
] | 3D
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
What information supports the conclusion that Tucker acquired this trait?
|
[
"Tucker is most interested in human biology.",
"Tucker learned biology by reading, observing, and experimenting."
] | 1B
|
natural science
|
scienceqa
|
The World Health Organization reports a number of people have died of the Ebola virus in central Africa during the last few months. Ebola, also known as Ebola hemorrhagic fever or Ebola viral disease, is a rare and deadly illness with high death rates in humans and primates. The natural source of Ebola virus remains unknown, although bats seem to be the most likely source. The Ebola virus began spreading after victims were discovered in northeastern Gabon. So far, it is the third time Ebola has spread through Gabon since 1994. Health officials believe people moving across the border spread the disease from Gabon to Congo. Ebola is highly infectious and kills up to 80% of its victims. Researchers do not know the method with which the virus first appears in humans, but they believe it is through infected animals. The disease then spreads from person to person through blood and other body liquids. Ebola victims treated early have the base chance of survival. Signs of Ebola include a high temperature, diarrhea, muscle pains and bleeding inside the body, in severe cases, victims experience chest pains and death. There is no known cure for the disease and no way yet to prevent it. Scientists at the American National institutes of Health are working to develop a vaccine to prevent Ebola. Doctor Cary Nobel is leading the research effort at N-l-H testing center in the eastern state of Maryland. He says that during the past two years, the vaccine has been tested on small animals and monkeys for safety and effectiveness. In the most recent study, four monkeys who had been given the vaccine were completely protected from a deadly injection of the Ebola virus. The study was described in November in Nature magazine. Doctor Nobel says the tests appear to have moved scientists one step closer to a vaccine for humans. What is Doctor Nobel's attitude towards the tests?
|
[
"Discouraged.",
"Positive.",
"Doubtful.",
"Not mentioned."
] | 1B
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
chloroplasts are rarely found in
|
[
"root hair cells",
"Eukaryotic cells",
"leaf guard cells",
"rose petal cells"
] | 0A
|
college_biology
|
mmlu_labeled
|
A new study revealed that the formation of the Earth, Sun and Moon that cause changes in Earth's tides can also trigger a special kind of Earthquake along the California's San Andreas Fault . The study, published in the journal Proceedings of the National Academy of Science,is based on previous researcher suggesting that the gravitational tug of sun and moon is not only affecting the sea levels of Earth, but can also stretch and compress that Earth's crust, producing tremors and quakes. Furthermore, the new study showed that small tremors deep underground were more likely to occur during certain periods of the tidal cycle. For the study, the researchers looked at about 81,000 low-frequency earthquakes from 2008 to 2015 along the Parkfield section of the San Andreas Fault and compared it to the two-week tidal cycle known as the "fortnightly tide," Low-frequency earthquakes are named due to the rumbling sound they make and not by the rate of its occurrence. These kinds of earthquake only occur about 15 to 30 kilometers below ground and are no larger than magnitude 1 in the Richter scale. The researchers discovered that low-frequency earthquakes tend to occur during the waxing period of the tidal cycle, when the tides are getting little by little. It is already known that the strongest Earth tides occur when the sun and moon are in a straight line, while the tide is at its weakest state when the sun and moon are 90 degrees apart. According to the researchers, low-frequency earthquakes show that some part of the San Andreas Fault is creeping, or slowly moving, almost all the time. With the help of the tidal forces, low-frequency earthquakes could provide more information about the deeper part of the fault. "They tell us that the fault continues down below where the regular or typical earthquakes stop on the San Andreas, about 10 or 12 km (about 6 to 7 miles)," said David Shelly, a seismologist at USGS and helped write the study, in a statement. "And they tell us a lot of things about that deep part of the fault that we had no idea existed at all before." "It's almost like having a lot of little creep meters embedded in the fault,"Shelly said. "We can use these low-frequency earthquakes as measurements of, at least in a sense, how much slip is happening at each little spot on the deep part of the fault where we see these events. When we don't see them, we don't know what's happening; we don't know whether it,s slipping silently or not slipping at all." The information is incredibly useful, he added. Whenever the deep part of the fault slips, the stress gets transferred to the shallow part of the fault. "So if all of a sudden, we saw that the deep part of the fault was slipping a huge amount, it might be an indication that there was an increased chance of having an earthquake come at the shallower part of the fault" he said. According to Shelly, the most important function of the study is _ .
|
[
"to find out where the typical earthquakes occur",
"to indicate when the regular earthquakes occur",
"to uncover how low-frequency earthquakes occur",
"to offer more information about the deeper part of the fault"
] | 3D
|
astronomy
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Dear Economist, My newly-wedded wife and I are deeply in love.There is, however, one issue that threatens the happiness of our marriage.I absolutely insist on shopping at Walmart.My wife, meanwhile, would rather avoid Walmart at all costs. I have recently tried to convince her that not only does Walmart offer the lowest prices known to man, but that the chain is also a force for good--lower prices mean better standards of living for all consumers, increased global trade means a tighter-knit international community, and efficient operations translate into higher productivity growth for the economy.My wife complains about poor labour policies, the "fact" that Walmart squeezes suppliers, and that it puts local shops out of business. Who is right? Will our marriage survive? Brian Gee Dear Brian, I have to agree with you about Walmart.Jason Furman, then an economist at New York University, now an adviser to President Obama, famously argued in 2005 that Walmart was unwittingly a progressive success story.The chain's prices don't much affect me (I prefer Whole Foods) but Furman estimated that they benefited low-and-middle-income Americans to the sum of around $250 billion a year. Walmart does not pay much, so it may depress wages.Then again, it may increase wages by offering jobs to the otherwise-unemployed.Either way, the benefits of low prices to Walmart shoppers far outweigh any seemingly reasonable costs to Walmart employees.And while it is true that Walmart employees tend to be poor, the same is true of Walmart shoppers. Armed with this information you can face your wife with confidence.You are sure to win the conversation.The divorce is likely to be more argued. Economist What can be inferred from the reply letter?
|
[
"Some employees accept the low pay to keep the job.",
"Walmart appeals to only poor consumers and poor employees.",
"Employees suffer from Walmart's low prices more than consumers.",
"Jason Furman, a New York University economist, spoke highly of Walmart."
] | 0A
|
high_school_microeconomics
|
mmlu_labeled
|
The scientific world continues to be amazed by the speed of the development of cloning. Some scientists now suggest that the cloning of humans could occur in the near future. Despite the benefits of cloning, however, certain ethical questions concerning the possible abuse of cloning have been raised. At the heart of these questions is the idea of humans influencing life in a way that could harm society, either morally or in a real physical sense. Some people object to cloning because it allows scientists to "act like God" in the handling of living organisms. The cloning of Dolly raised the debate over this practice to a whole new level. It has become obvious that the technology for cloning Dolly could also be used to clone humans. A person could choose to make two or ten or a hundred copies of himself or herself by the same techniques used with Dolly. An active debate about the morality of cloning humans arises. Some people see benefits from the practice, such as providing a way for parents to produce a new child to replace one dying of a fatal disease. Other people worry about humans taking into their own hands the future of the human race. At the beginning of the twenty-first century, many scientists say the controversy over the ethics of cloning humans is overstressed because of the unpredictability of cloning in general. While scientists have cloned animals such as sheep, mice, cows, pigs, and goats, fewer than 3 percent of all those cloning efforts have succeeded. The animal clones that have been produced often have health problems. Scientists believe the rapid reprogramming in cloning can introduce random errors into a clone's DNA. Those errors have altered individual genes in minor ways, and the genetic defects have led to the development of major medical problems. Some scientists say this should make human cloning out of the question, but others argue that cloning humans may actually be easier and safer than cloning animals. Whatever, I agree that further research in the field of cloning is needed. We can learn from the text that _ .
|
[
"cloning of humans is a very controversial issue",
"the cloning of Dolly begins to raise the debate over cloning of humans",
"there are medical problems in cloning animals",
"cloning humans is easier and safer than cloning animals"
] | 0A
|
college_biology
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Which of the following are not true regarding macrobiotic and vegan diets?
|
[
"Low in fat",
"High in fibre",
"Low in sugar",
"Low energy density"
] | 2C
|
nutrition
|
mmlu
|
Human needs seem endless. When a hungry man gets a meal, he begins to think about an overcoat, when a manager gets a new sports car, a big house and pleasure boats dance into view. The many needs of mankind might be regarded as making up several levels. When there is money enough to satisfy one level of needs, another level appears. The first and most basic level of needs involves food. Once this level is satisfied, the second level of needs, clothing and some sort of shelter, appears. By the end of World War II, these needs were satisfied for a great majority of Americans. Then a third level appeared. It included such items as automobiles and new houses. By 1957 or 1958 this third level of needs was fairly well satisfied. Then, in the late 1950s, a fourth level of needs appeared; the "life-enriching" level. While the other levels involve physical satisfaction, that is, the need in comfort, safety, and transportation, this level stresses mental needs for recognition, achievement, and happiness. It includes a variety of goods and services, many of which could be called "luxury" items. Among them are vacation trips, the best medical and dental care, and recreation. Also included here are fancy goods and the latest styles in clothing. On the fourth level, a lot of money is spent on services, while on the first three levels more is spent on goods. Will consumers raise their sights to a fifth level of needs as their income increases, or will they continue to demand luxuries and personal services on the fourth level? A fifth level would probably involve needs that can be achieved best by community action. Consumers may be spending more on taxes to pay for government action against disease, ignorance, crime, and prejudice. After filling our stomachs, our clothes closets, our garages, our teeth, and our minds, we now may seek to ensure the health, safety, and leisure to enjoy more fully the good things on the first four levels. According to the passage, man will begin to think about such needs as housing and clothing only when_.
|
[
"he has saved up enough money",
"he has grown dissatisfied with his simple shelter",
"he has satisfied his hunger",
"he has learned to build houses"
] | 2C
|
high_school_microeconomics
|
mmlu_labeled
|
When I was a child, our dining room had two kinds of chairs--two large ones with arm rests and four small ones without. The larger ones stood at the ends of the table, the smaller ones on the sides. Mom and Dad sat in the big chairs, except when one of us was away; then Mom would sit in one of the smaller chairs. Dad always sat at the end, at the "head" of the table. Sitting where he did, Dad was framed by the window through which the yard could be seen with its trees and grass. His chair was not just a place for him at the table; it was a place in which he was situated against the yard and trees. It was the holy and protected place that was his, and ours through him. After Dad retired, he and Mom moved out into a small flat. When they came to visit me at their old house. Dad still sat at the end of the table though the table was no longer his but mine. Only with my marriage to Barbara, did I hear a voice questioning the arrangement. She requested, gently but firmly, that I sit at the head of the table in our home. I realized then that I was head of the family, but I also felt unwilling to introduce such a change. How would I feel sitting in that "head" place in my Dad's presence? And how would he handle it? I was to find out on the occasion of our youngest child's first birthday. Mom and Dad arrived for lunch, and went into the dining room. Dad moved toward his usual seat in front of the window. Before he could get around the side of the table, I took a deep breath and said, "Dad, this is going to be your place, next to Mom, on the side." He stopped, looked at me and then sat down. I felt sad, and angry at Barbara for pushing me to do this. It would have been easy to say, "My mistake, Dad. Sit where you always sit." But I didn't. When he and Mom were seated, Barbara and I took our places. I don't know how Dad felt. I do know that, though removed from his usual place, he continued to share his best self with us, telling stories of his childhood and youth to the delight of his grandchildren. As I served the food, our lives experienced a change, which we continue to live with. It wasn't easy, but I sense that there is also something good in the change which has occurred. I am beginning to learn that "honoring one's father" is more than the question of which place to occupy at the dining table. It also means listening, wherever we sit and whatever positions we own, to the stories Dad longs to tell. We may then, during these magical moments, even be able to forget about whose chair is whose. What happened during the meal after the family had all taken their new seats?
|
[
"The writer's children removed their grandfather from his usual place.",
"The writer's father didn't appear to mind where he sat.",
"The writer's father shared his favorite dishes with the grandchildren.",
"They became tense and nervous about their future as a family."
] | 1B
|
human_sexuality
|
mmlu_labeled
|
There is just one four-legged animal that can walk two hundred miles without stopping once to rest. It would take a person two days and two nights to walk this far, and only one man has ever done it without stopping. What amazing animal has such endurance ? The camel! The camel is well known for something else, too. It can cross an entire desert without a single drink of water. Its body is built in a special way to help it store water and food. A person has just one stomach, but a camel has quite a few. Within each stomach are layers and layers of cells. These cells are like tiny water balloons, storing liquids until the camel needs them. When the camel drinks, the cells grow larger and larger. For a whole week, they can keep the animal's thirst away by sending water to all parts of its body. Have you ever wondered why the camel has a hump ? The hump is a storage place for fat. Because it has this storage area, the camel does not need to eat very often. When the animal needs energy, the layers of fat serve as fuel to keep it going on the long, hot days in the burning sun. The camel has another gift that makes it well suited to arid regions. This gift is its amazing nose. A camel can smell a water hole from miles away! When a camel moves, it sways from side to side like a ship on a wavy ocean. Because of this swaying motion, the camel has been called the "ship of the desert". Which sentence is the topic sentence of this passage?
|
[
"The first sentence in the first paragraph.",
"The third sentence in the first paragraph.",
"The last sentence in the first paragraph.",
"The last sentence of the passage."
] | 2C
|
anatomy
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Centuries ago, man discovered that removing moisture from food helps to store it, and that the easiest way to do this is to expose the food to sun and wind. In this way the North American Indians produce pemmican(dried meat ground into powder and made into cakes), the Scandinavians make stockfish and the Arabs dried dates. All foods include water--cabbage and other leaf vegetables contains as much as 93% water, potatoes and other root vegetables 80%, lean meat 75% and fish, anything from 80% to 60%, depending on how fatty it is. If this water is removed, the activity of the bacteria which cause food to go bad is checked. Fruit is sun-dried in Asia Minor, Greece, Spain and other Mediterranean countries, and also in California, South Africa and Australia. Various methods are used, but in general, the fruit is spread out on trays in drying yards in the hot sun. Nowadays most foods are dried mechanically. The method of such dehydration is to put food in chambers through which hot air is blown at temperatures of about 110degC at entry to about 43degC at exit. This is the usual method for drying such things as vegetables, minced meat, and fish. Dried foods take up less room and weigh less than the same food packed in cans or frozen, and they do not need to be stored in special conditions. For these reasons they are invaluable to the climbers, explorers and soldiers in battle, who have little storage space. They are also popular with housewives because it takes so little time to cook them. Usually it is just a case of replacing the dried-out moisture with boiling water. According to the text, the open-air method of drying food _ .
|
[
"is the one most commonly used today",
"was invented by the American Indians",
"has been known for hundreds of years",
"tends to be unhealthy"
] | 2C
|
nutrition
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Which of these is a function of all cells?
|
[
"to absorb nutrients and gases from blood",
"to extract energy from food to sustain life",
"to produce food using water and carbon dioxide",
"to give shape and structural support to an organism"
] | 1B
|
college_biology
|
mmlu_labeled
|
What happens to mother-daughter relationships when girls become teenagers. It seems that girls go from playing "dress up", to arguing with their mothers about how they should dress. When a girl is 3-4 years old they love to "dress up" in their mothers' clothes, put on their mothers' makeup, cook, and do whatever else their mother does. This is the time when she can be classified as being a mama's girl. How come girls change so much from childhood to the teenage years? Many parents seek the answer when their daughter becomes a teen. Often when a girl enters high school her behavior changes as well as her physical appearance. When I was young I always liked playing "dress up". It made me feel older and more like my mother. Even when I entered middle school, I still depended a lot on my mother to choose and buy my clothes. Once I entered high school there was a big change. To me, my mother's clothes were no longer "in fashion", and neither was her opinion. I started becoming interested in boys and tried to improve the way I looked. It was not that I wanted to look cool, I just wanted to look my age. This is the time that the mother-daughter relationship can take a turn. It's difficult for a mother to know that her daughter is no longer totally dependent on her. When the daughter starts wearing revealing clothing, dating, and just wanting to be more independent, a mother starts to feel left out, or not needed. The number of arguments increases, and the number of times when the mother and daughter get along happily decreases. When these things start to happen, it is a sign that the daughter wants her independence and the freedom to grow up. When you notice how much your relationship had changed, try to believe positive things come out of the change. Put all the negatives aside and concentrate on what your mother is feeling instead of just on what you're feeling. When it seems too hard to handle, take some quiet time and write out your feelings. Maybe at another time, you can share them with your mother and try to find a way to better your relationship as mother and daughter. If you don't feel comfortable sharing your feelings, at least write them down so you can get them out. It's better than keeping them bottled up inside. The girls would argue with their mothers because _ .
|
[
"they need more independence",
"mothers want daughters to be mama's girls again",
"they think their mothers' clothes are no longer in fashion",
"all of the above"
] | 3D
|
human_sexuality
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Electrical devices could soon use power make by human energy, Scientists say they have developed an experimental device that produces electricity from the physical movement of a person walking , British scientist Max Donelan and other scientists in Canada and the United States developed the device. The device connects to a person's knee, As the person walks, the device captures energy each time the person slows down, To do this ,the device helps with the slowing sown movement of the leg, The movements of the walking person push parts of a small machine that produces electricity, Using the device, an adult walking quickly could produce thirteen watts of electricity in just a minute, Donelan says walking at that speed could produce enough power to operate a laptop computer for six minutes. There are several possible uses for the device ,Developers say it could help people who work in areas without electricity to operate small computers, The deice could also be used in hospitals to operate heart pacemakers ,It could even be used to assist in the movement of robotic arms and legs. The experimental version of the device weighs about one and a half kilograms, but it is too costly for most people to buy, But the researchers hope to make a lighter, less costly version.An improved version should be ready in one year. The developers hope the device will one day help developing countries, Nearly twenty five percent of people around the world live without electric power. A similar product was invented in 2005 by Larry Rome of the University of Pennsylvania,He created a bag carried on a person's back that also produces power from walking, The knee device does not produce as much electricity as the bag ,But the bag requires the walker to carry a load of twenty to thirty kilograms. From the passage, we can learn that the electrical device can _ .
|
[
"help housewives operate the washing machine",
"make it much easier for us to go online",
"produce more electricity than that invented by Larry Rome",
"be applied in medicine to operate heart pacemakers"
] | 3D
|
electrical_engineering
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Life gets noisier every day and very few people can be free from noise of some sort or another. It doesn't matter where you live--in the middle of a modern city, or a faraway village--the chances that you will be disturbed by jet aero planes, transistor radios, oil-powered engines, etc. are almost everywhere.We seem to be getting used to noise, too. Some people feel quite lonely without background music while they are working. Scientific tests have shown that total silence can be very frightening experience for human beings. However, some people enjoy listening to pop music which is very loud, and this can do harm to their eardrums .The noise level in some disco is far above the usual safety level for heavy industrial areas. One recent report about noise and concentration suggested that although a lot of people say that any noise disturbs their concentration, what really affects their ability to concentrate is a change in the level of noise. It goes on to say that a background noise, which doesn't change too much (music, for example) may even help people to concentrate. From this passage, the pollution of noise _ .
|
[
"doesn't matter much",
"has become worse everywhere",
"has become better in big cities",
"has become better in villages"
] | 1B
|
human_sexuality
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Going to sleep may seem pretty boring compared with all the fun things you do while you are awake. But there's a lot going on in your mind and body while you are sleeping. Sleep, in fact, is as important to your survival as eating and drinking. Sleep improves your mood, makes you a better athlete, and helps you remember and understand what you learned during the day. During sleep your temperature drops. Your heart rate slows. Down goes the pressure of the blood moving through your veins. A chemical that controls growth (called a hormone) moves into your bloodstream. Scientists think that sleep brings back energy and improves your immune system. We know what happens while we're asleep because scientists study volunteers who sleep in laboratories. The sleepers are connected with machines that measure brain waves, eye movements and muscle activities. Sleep is like a school day: it's divided into different periods, or stages. When you are awake, your brain waves fire rapidly. As you begin to relax and drift into the first stage of sleep, your brain produces slower-moving waves and you lose awareness of your surroundings. As you slide to deeper sleep, your body repairs itself from the normal wear and tear of daily life. Then, as you begin to drift back up to a lighter sleep, your mind becomes more alert, and your dreams begin. You are in REM sleep. REM is the name for the rapid eye movement that happens while you are dreaming. During REM sleep, your eyes move back and forth behind your lids , as though you were watching a movie. During other stages, you might move in bed, but during REM sleep you're still. That's probably because if you could move, your body would act out your dreams. As you get close to morning, you spend more time in REM than in deep sleep, so you dream more. Researchers know that during REM sleep the part of the brain that handles learning and thinking is very active. Getting too little sleep can affect your personality. Experts recommend that children get at least nine hours sleep a night. Which of the following is NOT right?
|
[
"Hormone has something to do with your growth.",
"You don't move while you are in REM sleep, dreaming.",
"The closer to morning, the more dreams you have.",
"The whole brain is active."
] | 1B
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Water vapor cooling causes it to what?
|
[
"electrify",
"warm up",
"deliquesce",
"smell"
] | 2C
|
high_school_physics
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Women turn to online shopping Women have jumped ahead of men for the first time in using the Internet to do their holiday shopping, according to a study published last week in the US. For years men have been more likely to shop on the Internet than women, but during the 2004 holiday season, 58 percent of those making online purchases were women. "It shows how mainstream the Internet is becoming," said Lee Rainie, director of the Pew Internet and American Life Project group, which carried out the study. Rainie said it was only a matter of time before women shoppers caught up with men. This is because women traditionally make decisions about spending. Users were more likely to shop online to save time. Internet users between the ages 18 and 29 were responsible for some of the most dramatic increase in the online gift-buying population this time around. However, three- quarters of the US Internet users did not buy holiday gifts online in 2004. They worried about credit card security, or just compared online prices with off-line prices, then dashed off to the shops to get the best deals. " But even if shoppers don't buy online , websites are becoming promotion tools for stores," said Dan Hess, vice president of ComScore Networks Inc. Hess said that actually most stores' websites can make customers fully believe the security of their credit card numbers. And most are able to ensure that gifts arrive on time. " It's all about making the shopping experience more efficient, more reliable and more comfortable." Hess said. Which of the following statements is true?
|
[
"There were fewer women online shoppers than men in 2004",
"Most of the Internet users between the ages of 18 and 29 are women.",
"People in the US were more likely to buy gifts online.",
"More women shopped online than men in 2004"
] | 3D
|
computer_security
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Based on this information, what is Nabi's phenotype for the body hair trait?
|
[
"a hairless body",
"a hairy body"
] | 0A
|
natural science
|
scienceqa
|
China plans to make new rules to give more controls over the growing number of blogs and webcasts. Nowadays, advanced network technologies, such as blogging and webcasting, are being improved to challenge the government's ability to watch over the Internet. Chinese government is in the middle of making new rules over Internet publishing, and blogs and websites publishing webcasts will fall under these rules. Government officials hope the new rules will ensure a more healthy and active Internet environment and will fully respect and protect Chinese citizens' freedom of speech. Specific details on what kind of rules will be carried out are still unknown to the public. Despite the growing popularity, bloggers and webcasters have been unpopular with publication institutions. In 2006, a series of cases involving bloggers who had dived into other people's privacy and written materials ruining other's fame urged the government to consider whether to require bloggers to use their real names when they _ Webcasting without copyright and illegally "copying" products from copyrighted materials have also led government officials to consider starting a nationwide check of online video broadcasting, and allow only qualified websites to offer webcasts. Chinese government thinks current Internet environment is _ .
|
[
"rather hopeful",
"less active",
"quite healthy",
"less controlled"
] | 3D
|
computer_security
|
mmlu_labeled
|
People can use the phone to talk with others almost anywhere on the earth. But when you use the phone, you don't see the person you are talking with. Today some people are using a kind of telephone called the picture phone or vision phone. With it, two people who are talking can see each other. Picture phones can be useful when you have something to show the person you're calling. They may have other uses in the future. One day you may be able to ring up a library and ask to see a book. Then you'll be able to read the book right over your picture phone. Or you may be able to go shopping through your picture phone. If you see something in the newspaper that you think you want to buy, you'll go to the phone and call the shop. People at the shop will show you the thing you're interested in right over the phone .You'll be able to shop all over the town and never even leave your room. Today people can use the phone to talk with others _ .
|
[
"in some places in the world",
"in all the town",
"only in big cities",
"almost anywhere on the earth"
] | 3D
|
computer_security
|
mmlu_labeled
|
What keeps Mars in orbit around the Sun?
|
[
"friction",
"gravity",
"magnetism",
"solar power"
] | 1B
|
astronomy
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Which bath towel has more thermal energy?
|
[
"the hotter bath towel",
"the colder bath towel"
] | 0A
|
natural science
|
scienceqa
|
Find the maximum possible order for an element of S_n for n = 7.
|
[
"6",
"12",
"30",
"105"
] | 1B
|
abstract_algebra
|
mmlu
|
One day Mrs. Wilson went shopping with Tracy and Ben. They went to the supermarket in the new shopping center." Why do you buy things here?" Tracy wanted to know. "Because they are cheaper here than at the corner store near our home," Mrs. Wilson said." Help me check the prices, please." The Wilsons were not rich and Mrs. Wilson was always careful with her money. She looked carefully after the prices of things. She bought lots of things in the supermarket. When they got home, the children said," We don't think you saved money by going to the supermarket." "Of course I did," Mrs. Wilson said. " Everything was cheaper there." "We know," the children said," but we came home by taxi because we had too much to carry. The taxi fare was more than the money that you save! " Mrs. Wilson added everything up. Her children were right. Mrs. Wilson will _ .
|
[
"never call a taxi",
"go on buying things in the supermarket",
"buy things near her home",
"not go shopping with her children"
] | 2C
|
high_school_microeconomics
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Good afternoon! I'm Alice. My last name is Smith. I'm in a red jacket. I'm in Xingfu Middle School. My phone number is 569-2679. This is Cindy Brown. She is my good friend. She is in a yellow jacket. She is in Xingfu Middle School, too. What's her phone number? It's 865-2397. What color is Alice's jacket?
|
[
"Green.",
"Blue.",
"Red.",
"Yellow."
] | 2C
|
elementary_mathematics
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Money off your rented textbooks from TextbookRental. ca Offer details *Pay online *Limit l voucher per person,may buy 5 more for others *Shipping is extra(average$6,return shipping included) *The voucher is valid towards shipping *Taxes extra High spots *Save up to 75%on every textbook *Rent books by the semester *past shipping *Buyback program for your old books *Make a great gift Keeping school expenses low i s important. Get a better bargain on academic supplies with today's WagJag:for$10,receive$25 towards rental textbooks from TextbookRental ca. TextbookRental. cahelps students continue with their study while saving precious money for other purposes. The site contains books in all academic fields--arts,sciences,business,education and more. Once you find your desired textbooks,complete the easy checkout process and your course materials will be shipped to your dorm or home. Discounts on each single book vary but can save you up to 75%. After the semester finishes,mail back your books(free of marking,stains or other damage),using the included prepaid return envelope. The site's l5-day return policy 1ets you send unneeded books back for a refund. Centered in Toronto,TextbookRentaL ca has delivery places across the country to make sure students from Victoria to St. John's get their textbooks in a timely fashion. The site also lets students save a little money by buying their previously purchased used textbooks. If you're not happy with your purchase,let us know why and we'll give you a full refund. Seriously, it's that simple! TextbookRental. ca Contact WagJag--WagJag Business Hours are Monday--Friday 9:00 am to 7:00 pm. E-mail:info@wagiag. com Phone:416-687-5848 Toll free :1-855-492-4524 Fax:1-866-268-4286 What can be learned about the activity of renting textbooks launched by TextbookRental. ca?
|
[
"It can be enjoyed all over Canada.",
"It deals with orders 24 hours a day.",
"The books Call be returned in any condition.",
"The buyers can keep the books for 1 5 days."
] | 0A
|
high_school_microeconomics
|
mmlu_labeled
|
We have two daughters: Kristen is seven years old and Kelly is four.Last Sunday evening, we invited some people home for dinner.I dressed them nicely for the party, and told them that their job was to join Mommy in answering the door when the bell rang.Mommy would introduce them to the guests, and then they would take the guests' coats upstairs and put them on the bed in the second bedroom. The guests arrived.I introduced my two daughters to each of them.The adults were nice and kind and said how lucky we were to have such good kids. Each of the guests paid too much attention to Kelly, the younger one, admiring her dress, her hair and her smile.They said she was a remarkable girl to be carrying coats upstairs at her age. I thought to myself that we adults usually make a big "to do" over the younger one because she's the one who seems more easily hurt.We do it with the best of intention . But we seldom think of how it might affect the other child.I was a little worried that Kristen would feel she was being outshined .I was about to serve dinner when I realized that she had been missing for twenty minutes.I ran upstairs and found her in the bedroom, crying. I said, "What are you doing, my dear?" She turned to me with a sad expression and said, "Mommy, why don't people like me the way they like my sister? Is it because I'm not pretty? Is that why they don't say nice things about me as much?" I tried to explain to her, kissing and held her in arms to make her feel better. Now, whenever I visit a friend's home, I make it a point to speak to the elder child first. From this experience ,the writer changed the way of _ .
|
[
"dressing her daughters",
"visiting friends",
"greeting the elder child",
"kissing."
] | 2C
|
human_sexuality
|
mmlu_labeled
|
What do scientists mean when they refer to a population?
|
[
"all the organisms in an ecosystem",
"all the species that share similar anatomical features",
"all the animals that acquire resources through similar methods",
"all the interbreeding members of a certain species in an ecosystem"
] | 3D
|
natural_science
|
ai2_arc_challenge
|
Nectar is a sweet liquid that some flowering plants produce. A hummingbird drinks nectar from a flower. When a hummingbird drinks nectar, pollen from the flower sticks to the hummingbird's beak. The picture shows a hummingbird drinking nectar from a flower. Which statement explains the role of a hummingbird in the life cycle of a flowering plant?
|
[
"A hummingbird carries food to the plant.",
"A hummingbird helps the plant reproduce.",
"A hummingbird protects the plant from predators.",
"A hummingbird makes the flowers produce nectar."
] | 1B
|
college_biology
|
mmlu_labeled
|
How does too much fishing in an area affect its ecosystem?
|
[
"The fish will lay many more eggs to replace the fish that were caught.",
"Organisms that eat the fish could become endangered due to starvation.",
"Organisms that the fish eat will become endangered.",
"People could eat too many fish and become ill.."
] | 1B
|
college_biology
|
mmlu_labeled
|
There are 115 distinct species of pine trees with 35 native to North America. Pines are defined as evergreens with long, needle-like leaves and are only native to the northern hemisphere. Pine trees are an adaptable and tough species that can survive in many conditions where other plants cannot. The average pine is 45 to 60 feet tall, but some are nearly twice as high. Western White Pine The western white pine grows the tallest of any pine tree, reaching up to 110 feet in height. They have blue-green needles arranged in bundles of five and produce a long cone . Bristlecone Pine The bristlecone pine grows slowly, reading about 20 feet tall. It is one of the oldest species of pine. Mexican Pine The Mexican pine can grow to 50 feet tall, with long, slender needles that drape off it like a weeping willow . Often nicknamed the "willow pine", it is native to Mexico. Its leaves can droop up to 12 inches long. Sugar Pine The sugar pine is another of the large pine species, such as the bull pine, but it also has the largest cones of any pine species, at 10 to 20 inches long. It grows from Oregon to California and is often used for construction. Jack Pine The jack pine is one of the smallest species of pine with rare leaves. Compared with the pines mentioned above, it doesn't seem to belong to the family. It is considered a member of the scrub-pine family; it prefers sandy soil. The Mexican pine _ .
|
[
"is the oldest species of pine.",
"produces a long cone",
"has willow-like needles",
"prefers sandy soil"
] | 2C
|
college_biology
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Which would be most affected by a magnet?
|
[
"a wooden beam",
"a titanium beam",
"a plastic beam",
"a cotton beam"
] | 1B
|
high_school_physics
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Hydrochloric acid (HCl) reacts with sodium hydroxide (NaOH) to produce a saltwater solution. What are the products of this chemical reaction?
|
[
"NaCl and H_{2}O",
"NaOH and HCl",
"HCl and NaCl",
"NaOH and H_{2}O"
] | 0A
|
college_chemistry
|
mmlu_labeled
|
What do these two changes have in common?
crushing a mineral into powder
knitting yarn into a scarf
|
[
"Both are chemical changes.",
"Both are only physical changes.",
"Both are caused by cooling.",
"Both are caused by heating."
] | 1B
|
natural science
|
scienceqa
|
Wisdom teeth are normally the last teeth to appear.This usually happens when people are in their late teen years or early twenties,in other words,when they are older and wiser. Wisdom teeth can grow into place normally and never cause a problem.But often there is not enough room for them in the mouth;they might crowd other teeth.Sometimes they even push sideways through the gums . An impacted wisdom tooth is one that fails to completely rise through the gums.Wisdom teeth that only partly break through can leave space for bacteria to enter around the teeth.Infection is a risk in these cases. Wisdom teeth that are not well lined and become impacted are often removed.The American Dental Association says removal is generally advised when wisdom teeth only partly break through the gums.Removal is also advised if there is a chance that wisdom teeth ate poorly lined.The best time to remove is before the teeth cause any problems or pain.Young adults are the best candidates for wisdom teeth removal. But why do we have wisdom teeth if we often need to get them removed?One theory has to do with our diets.Scientists say the diet of ancient humans probably required more chewing teeth.Life was probably a little rougher on the teeth back then,too.So it was good to have extras. We can learn from the passage that _ .
|
[
"impacted wisdom teeth have the risk of getting infected",
"ancient humans need chewing teeth because of their happy life",
"older adults are the best candidates for wisdom teeth removal",
"more chewing teeth are needed for the diet of modern humans"
] | 0A
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
I was shopping in the supermarket when I heard a young voice."Mom,come here!There's this lady here my size!" The mother rushed to her son;then she turned to me to say sorry to me. I smiled and told her,"It's OK."Then I talked to the boy,"Hi,I'm Dory Kramer. How are you?" He studied me from head to toe,and asked,"Are you a little mommy?" "Yes,I have a son," I answered. "Why are you so little?"he asked. "It's the way I was born," I said."Some people are little. Some are tall. I'm just not going to grow any bigger."After I answered his other questions,I shook the boy's hand and left. My life as a little person is filled with stories like that. I enjoy talking to children and explaining why I look different from their parents. It takes only one glance( ) to see I'm different. I stand three feet nine inches tall(="1.14" metres).I was born adwarf.In spite of this,I did all the things other kids did when I was growing up. I didn't realize how short I was until I started school. Some kids called me names .Then I knew. I began to hate the first day of school each year. But I learned to smile and face the fact that I was going to be noticed my whole life.What I lacked in height,I made up for in personality.When people are rude,I remind myself,"Look what else I have-a great family,nice friends." What does adwarf look like?
|
[
"Of medium height.",
"Very tall.",
"Very short.",
"Very thin."
] | 2C
|
human_sexuality
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Most cellphone companies design models especially for kids. But parents are usually the ones buying the phones. According to a July 2012 study, 56% of parents of children aged 8 to 12 have given their children a cellphone. The number goes up with age. The study just proves what many people already guessed: many kids, if not most, have their own cellphones. According to a recent survey, 12 is the magic number. It is the most common age for kids to get their first cellphone. But 13% of children aged 6 to 10 already have one. People who are for kids' using cellphones, including many parents, notice that cellphones help kids keep in touch with their friends and families. They believe that cellphones are an important tool in a dangerous situation. Kids can reach their parents at all times. And some people say having a cellphone helps teach kids to be responsible. Some cellphones designed for kids can be set to only work when parents approve . What's the harm in that? But other people are worried about the health and safety effects of kids' cellphones. They believe that kids with cellphones will spend less time playing outside with friends, and that sending text messages or making phone calls while doing homework makes it difficult for kids to concentrate. They say that kids are spending too much time texting instead of talking to each other. "Our brains developed to communicate face to face," says Gary Small, a teacher at the UCLA School of Medicine, in California. "A lot of this is lost with texting." Another worry is cyber bullying , which is on the rise as more kids use e-mail and text messages to communicate. And some experts are worried about possible health risks. They worry that energy waves produced by cellphones could be harmful to young people. To be safe, parents should not let them talk long on the phone. Cellphones can be bad for kids because _ .
|
[
"kids spend too much time playing games",
"kids reduce personal communication",
"kids don't want to do their homework at home",
"cellphones have a bad influence on kids' brains"
] | 1B
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
We all want to be healthy. You know food is very important . There is lots of healthy food . You can have more bananas, apples, oranges, tomatoes and carrots. Fruits and vegetables are good for you . Healthy food can make you strong and happy. Remember there is a saying , " An apple a day keeps the doctor away." Sports can also make you healthy . Do some sports and eat healthy food every day and you will be healthy and happy . What are healthy food?
|
[
"Vegetables .",
"Hot dogs .",
"Hamburgers .",
"Ice-cream"
] | 0A
|
nutrition
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Students and Technology in the Classroom I love my blackberry--it's my little connection to the larger world that can go anywhere with me . I also love my laptop computer ,as it holds all of my writing and thought .Despite this love of technology ,I know that there are times when I need to move away from these device and truly communication with others.On occasion ,I teach a course called History Matters for a group of higher education managers. My goals for the class include a full discussion of historical themes and ideas .Because I want students to thoroughly study the material and exchange their ideas with each other in the classroom ,I have a rule --no laptop ,ipads ,phones ,etc .When students were told my rule in advance of the class, some of them were not happy . Most students assume that year reasons for this rule include unpleasant experiences in the past with students misusing technology . There's a bit of truth to that.Some students assume that I am anti-technology . There's no truth in that at all . I love technology and try to keep up with it so I relate to my students. The real reason why I ask students to leave technology at the door is that I think there are very few places in which we can have deep conversions and truly complex ideas. Interruptions by technology often break concentration and allow for too much dependence on outside information for ideas . I want students to think differently and make connections between the course the material and the class discussion . I've been teaching my history class in this way for many years and the educations reflect student satisfaction with the environment that I create .Students realize that with deep conversation and challenge , they learn at a level that helps them keep the course material beyond the classroom . I'm not saying that I won't ever change my mind about technology use in my history class, but until I hear a really good reason for the change ,I'm sticking to my plan. a few hours of technology-free dialogue is just too give up. according to the author ,the use of technology in the classroom may _
|
[
"keep students from doing independent thinking",
"encourage students to have in-depth conversations",
"help students to better understand complex themes",
"affect students' concentration on course evaluation"
] | 0A
|
college_computer_science
|
mmlu_labeled
|
What information supports the conclusion that Hugo inherited this trait?
|
[
"Hugo's biological parents have wavy hair.",
"Hugo's biological mother has long hair. Hugo also has long hair.",
"Hugo uses a headband to keep his wavy hair out of his face."
] | 0A
|
natural science
|
scienceqa
|
Just the mention of the TOEFL, GRE and GAMT exams brings a thought of long hours of dull paper work. But that idea is becoming increasingly out of date. As planned, computerized tests will begin next year which will bring a series of changes from test psychology to scoring techniques. From computer - equipped rooms, examinees will answer the questions on a computer. If they are sure about their choices, they can pass to the next question by pressing the entry "next". Then another question will be randomly selected from a vast test item bank and appear on the screen. After answering all the questions, examinees can choose the entry "quit" if they are not satisfied with their performance, or "score" if they want to see the result. Scores will be calculated immediately and appear on the screen. By that point, student's marks are official--there is no going back. Since they greatly shorten the painful waiting process-which used to be two or three months, computerized tests have won worldwide popularity. Besides, there will be no rushing to the registration offices( )for these exams. Computerized tests will be given every workday in an exam center with all three kinds of tests being held in the same room. All test takers need to do is to call the exam center and book their seats for a particular day. In addition it will become technically possible to apply new testing procedures. In the past,each examinee had the same set of test items despite differences in their ability. Under a computerized system, however, if the computer judges an answer is right, a question of a relatively difficult nature will follow. But if an examinee continues to give wrong answers and is judged as un-qualified by the computer system, he will be automatically _ the chance to go further in the test. If an examinee is not satisfied with his performance _ .
|
[
"he can admit defeat and give it up",
"he can ask the computer to give some advice",
"he can ask another chance within a few days",
"he is allowed to do it once again"
] | 0A
|
college_computer_science
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Since 2005, the number of Internet users worldwide has doubled to more than one and a half billion. At least two billion are expected to be online by the end of this year. The ITU(International Telecommunicaiton Union) says more than 70% of new Internet users this year will be in developing countries. However, only 21% of the population of the developing world is online -- compared to 71% in developed countries. There are still very huge divides when it comes to connecting to the Internet. In developing countries, there are only one out of five people using the Internet. In Africa, only 10% of the population is using the Internet. Less than 16% of homes in developing countries are connected to the Internet. But, on the other hand, mobile phone usage has reached 68% in developing countries. The world has almost seven billion people. Nine out of ten are connected to mobile networks. The ITU says that mobile users will reach five billion three hundred million this year. Most of them are in the developing world. More and more people in developing countries are using their mobile phones to connect to the Internet. Mobile technology is already improving lives in developing countries. People can bank by phone, enjoy e-health services and so on. And people can enjoy more as broadband, or high-speed connections become more widely available. ITU Secretary General Hamadoun Toure believes broadband is the most powerful tool available in the race to meet the Development Goals by 2015. The mobile networks in developing countries _ .
|
[
"are cheaper than those in developed countries",
"are developing slowly",
"are widely used now",
"are better than those in developed countries"
] | 2C
|
computer_security
|
mmlu_labeled
|
What will be the most likely result for some species of animals with the continued burning of rain forests in Africa?
|
[
"soil erosion",
"destruction of their habitats",
"improved nutrients in the soil",
"more grasses as a result of burning"
] | 1B
|
college_biology
|
mmlu_labeled
|
a Punnett square is used to identify the percent chance of a trait being passed down from a parent to its what?
|
[
"home",
"younglings",
"animals",
"pets"
] | 1B
|
college_biology
|
mmlu_labeled
|
We always celebrated Dad's birthday on Thanksgiving Day. even afier he stayed in a nursing home . When we knew it might be his last birthday, the whole family decided to have a big birthday celebration at the nursing home. Dad was a good storyteller. But this time I told Dad to listen to some stories for a change. One after another, people told stories from their hearts , while Dad listened with tears in eyes. People thought of kinds of stories-stories about when they were little, stories about when Dad was young. Everyone seemed to have more than one story. Even the little grandchildren couldn't wait to tell Dad why they loved him. For a man who was kind to so many hundreds of people in his life, here was a change to tell him how much we love him. A few months later, at Dad's memorial service , we fully knew what we gave to Dad that night. Those are the stories people usually tell at a funeral after his or her death . They tell stories, full of tears. But we gave those memories to Dad in his life, and we told them through laughter with hugs and joy. He had them to hold and enjoyed them from time to time in his heart during his last days and months. That's the ways to give back love and that's our chance to celebrate a person in his or her life. We can know from the passage that _ .
|
[
"we can tell stories to celebrate Thanksgiving Day",
"we should show love to our loved one in his or her life",
"we should dance and sing songs at a funeral",
"we should give back love to our loved one after their death"
] | 1B
|
human_sexuality
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Complete the sentence.
Using a large magnet to remove pieces of iron from a junkyard is a ().
|
[
"physical change",
"chemical change"
] | 0A
|
natural science
|
scienceqa
|
A person suffering from severe dehydration and starvation would NOT be expected to have elevated plasma concentrations for which of the following hormones?
|
[
"ADH",
"Cortisol",
"Aldosterone",
"Insulin"
] | 3D
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu
|
Scientists have long believed one way to stop the Earth's atmosphere from warming is by planting more trees. The idea is that more trees take in or absorb some of the carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. Carbon dioxide is a gas released by cars, factories and other human activities. The gas traps heat in the Earth's atmosphere, which warms the planet. However, two new studies have found that trees may not be as helpful in reducing carbon dioxide as had been thought. The first study was done at Duke University in prefix = st1 /Durham,North Carolina. Researchers pumped extra carbon dioxide into a test area where pine trees were growing. The trees grew thirty-four percent faster during the first three years. However, in time, the trees slowed to about their normal growth rate. The scientists say this is because trees need other nutrients, such as nitrogen. In the second study, researchers from Duke and Bowdoin College in Brunswick,Maineexamined the soil around trees. They discovered that as the leaves broke down into the soil, all the carbon was not trapped in the soil. Much of it was released into the atmosphere as carbon dioxide. Forest planting has been a part of negotiations on a world agreement to reduce greenhouse gases that scientists believe cause global warming. The United States,Canada,Japanand some other industrial countries have supported the idea. But this new research suggests the idea is not as effective as environmental activists had thought. Scientist Ram Oren of Duke University led the study on tree growth. He says that earlier estimates on the ability of forests to absorb carbon dioxide were overly hopeful. Some scientists not involved in the studies say the research provides some of the first evidence on how trees react to carbon dioxide. Other scientists say the research disputes(......) a belief among some coal and power companies. The companies say that rising levels of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere will not create harmful global warming. Instead, they say _ will increase forests and other plants. What is the purpose of this passage?
|
[
"Introduce some new opinions about the relationship between trees and carbon dioxide.",
"Introduce recent condition of global industrial pollution.",
"Call on people to plant more trees to reduce greenhouse gases.",
"Point out that power companies should be responsible for the rising levels of carbon dioxide."
] | 0A
|
nutrition
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Select the one true statement.
|
[
"The cytoplasm of an animal cell is inside the cell membrane.",
"The vacuoles of an animal cell use sunlight to make sugar.",
"The cell membrane directs cell activities by sending instructions to different parts of an animal cell."
] | 0A
|
natural science
|
scienceqa
|
Just what is a tiger mother? Amy Chua is a law professor at America's Yale University and her recent book on the subject is making waves. She's been called "dangerous","outrageous",even a "monster" for her descriptions of how she brought up her two daughters. Her bookBattle Hymn of the Tiger Motherdescribes fighting with a daughter for hours at the piano to ensure the child gets a piece of music right. She rejected birthday cards made for her by her girls because she didn't think they had made enough effort. She compared one child negatively with the other, threatening to burn their toys. Her rules include: schoolwork always comes first; an A-minus is a bad grade; children must be two years ahead of their classmates in math, and playing the violin or the piano is a must. Ms. Chua considers the Chinese hard work ethic as a way of creating happy, successful children--at least in her case. Although she's had a large amount of _ for her theories, one thing can't be ignored--the success of Chinese children in the education system. In Britain, shocking research shows that Chinese girls, for example, are outperforming all other foreign groups at GCSE--79 percent getting 5 A--C Grades, compared with 58 percent of white British girls. So what is it about Chinese parenting that's leading to high achievers? And how do Amy Chua's theories play into that success? She told me that if her daughter came back from school with 96/100 in a test, Chua would ask her what happened to the other 4 points. It's about always knowing "you can do better",she told me. Interestingly, in China, the birthplace of the tiger mother, people are moving away from traditional Chinese parenting. They are following more western parenting styles. It can be inferred from the text that _ .
|
[
"Amy Chua will change her methods",
"Amy Chua considers her methods useful",
"Amy Chua's children don't love their mother",
"Amy Chua's children prefer western parenting styles"
] | 1B
|
human_sexuality
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Children are children after all, and most of them speak their mind. When they are just toddlers , they are all lovely and lively. And it's so interesting to watch them speak like a grown-up. But as they grow, these same kids seem annoying and ill-mannered if they try to be a grown-up. Conflicts go between parents and children. It's hard to tell who are right and who are wrong. A child of 7-8 always finds some reasons to have a conflict with it's parents. Whether it is about some toy, studies, a party or a company, there is always a difference between them. And it becomes worse when they answer you back. Scientists tell us that children should be treated with care. Yes, sure they should respect their elders. We are partly responsible for this. At an early age we encourage children to behave like adults, just because we find it funny. The kids on the other hand consider this same behavior as normal and get used to it. And when it is not funny for us any more, we expect them to stop it, but by then it is already too late. Only when they reach a certain maturity will the children realize that answering back and being rude are not acceptable . Until then, most of the time their behavior is difficult to change, unless by force . And use of force is against the every good idea, as it weakens the child's confidence. So it is one thing to bring a child into this world but quite another to make them into well mannered citizens. The best way is to be a good example ourselves, as our children are the mirrors of us adults. _ are all lovely and lively.
|
[
"Children",
"Toddlers",
"Kids",
"Grown-ups"
] | 1B
|
human_sexuality
|
mmlu_labeled
|
The ratio of an object's mass to its volume is its
|
[
"area.",
"perimeter.",
"density.",
"weight."
] | 2C
|
college_physics
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Are you sitting down?In that case,you should probably stand up before reading this. In the first advice of its kind,British experts are recommending office workers stand for at least two hours. day,in a warning against the dangers of prolonged sitting .The,idelines were developed by a group of experts invited by Public Health England and an advocacy up *and were published online Monday in Sports Medicine. Compared to those of smoking,people who sit the most have more than twice the risk of developing Type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease,.a 13 percent increased risk of cancer and a 17 percent increased risk of premature death ,compared to those who sit the least. "Even if you're meeting your physical activity guidelines,you cannot get rid of the risks of prolonged sitting,"said Uavin Bradley,director of the campaign group Get Britain Standing,one of the authors of the new guidance .Bradley,who spoke during a telephone interview while walking,said officials figure out the average Briton sits for more than half of their working hours.His group is expanding its campaign to other countries including the U.S.on Tuesday and is pushing for more people to have access to a desk that allows them to stand. "Companies should reconsider the culture around taking regular breaks and think about whether meetings could be held standing up or walking,"said Bradley."We've sat on this problem for far too long*" The text is especially helpful for those who care about .
|
[
"their pay rise",
"their body shape",
"their lifestyle",
"their health"
] | 3D
|
nutrition
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Which is more flexible?
|
[
"ice rink",
"leather belt"
] | 1B
|
natural science
|
scienceqa
|
Some types of medicines can be used to cure people when they are sick. Some medicines, however, may cause bad reactions to the people taking them. This difference is an example of
|
[
"technology being used to help heal people.",
"medical procedures being used to hurt people.",
"expensive medicines being used for many purposes.",
"the solution to one problem causing another problem."
] | 3D
|
natural_science
|
ai2_arc_challenge
|
Why is it safer to look at the Moon than it is to look at the Sun?
|
[
"The Moon is less bright.",
"The Moon is closer to Earth.",
"The Moon shines mostly at night.",
"The Moon is full only once a month."
] | 0A
|
astronomy
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Which is stickier?
|
[
"gold nugget",
"gum"
] | 1B
|
natural science
|
scienceqa
|
Telemedicine is the name for when doctors give advice to patients by telephone or the Internet, or when health care providers in rural areas connect with specialists in big cities. Telemedicine has existed for a long time, but the rise of smart phones, tablets and webcam-equipped computers is raising telemedicine to new levels. Some health care systems in the United States now offer Virtual Urgent Care, patients see a doctor by video chat without having to leave home. Diana Rae is a nurse educator in the western state of Washington. She recently showed how Virtual Urgent Care works. She used an iPad tablet and skype -- the video chat service. Doctor Green has the patient describe her symptoms, then the doctor performs a physical exam by demonstrating what he wants her to do. Doctor Green decides that the problem is a silence infection. For medicine, he prescribes an antibiotic. He says about 3 out of 4 patients have health problems that can be treated like this --through Virtual Urgent Care, that means a video chat could replace a visit to the doctor's office. The Franciscan Health System is based in Tacoma, Washington. Franciscan charges $35 for this kind of virtual house call, that is much less than the cost of going to an emergency room, a doctor's office or an urgent care clinic. After trying the video conference, Diana Rae says, "I would've paid twice that for the convenience of getting taken care of without having to sit in a waiting room, wait, and get exposed to everyone else's germs." Franciscan has a deal with a company called Carena to add virtual urgent care by Skype or phone. Carena is one of several companies doing this kind of work around the country. But a company official says state rules have not kept progress with developments in telemedicine. The workers who provide virtual urgent care must be separately licensed in each state where the company does business. For now, that means Carena doctors can treat patients in Washington state and California for example, but not in neighboring Oregon or Idaho. The major health problems, in Doctor Green's opinion, _ .
|
[
"are tough to deal with",
"can be treated through a video chat",
"should result from work pressure",
"nearly cost little to recover"
] | 1B
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
It's hard to track the blue whale, which has almost been killed off by commercial whaling. Attaching radio devices to it is difficult and visual sightings are too unreliable to give real insight into its behavior. So biologists were delighted early this year when, with the help of the US Navy, they are able to track a particular blue whale for 43 days recording its sounds. This was possible because of the Navy's former top secret system of underwater listening devices across the oceans. Tracking whales is but one example of an exciting new world just opening to civilian scientists after the cold war as the Navy starts to share and partly uncover its global network of underwater listening system built over the decades to track the ships of potential enemies. Earth scientists announced at a news conference recently that they had used the system for closely observing a deep-sea volcanic eruption for the first time and that they planned similar studies. Other scientists have proposed to use the network for tracking ocean currents and measuring changes in the ocean and global temperatures. Different layers of ocean water can act as channels for sounds focusing them in the same way a stethoscope does when it carries faint noises from a patient's chest to a doctor's ear. This focusing is the main reason that even relatively weak sounds in the ocean, especially low-frequency ones, can often travel thousands of miles. What is the passage chiefly about?
|
[
"An effort to protect an endangered marine species.",
"The civilian use of a military detection system.",
"The exposure of a US Navy top-secret weapon.",
"A new way to look into the behavior of blue whales."
] | 1B
|
astronomy
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Big things were happening in my life the summer after I turned 13. In the middle of that summer, my parents shook my whole world and turned it upside down when they told me they were getting a divorce . I couldn't believe that our family was going to break up. Though I always knew my parents weren't very happy and they often fought, I still wanted my family to stay the same. My life changed a lot after the divorce. My mother and I moved into a small apartment across town, while my father and brother, Bill, stayed in our house. I now became a visitor whenever I went to see my dad and Bill on weekends. And later I had my soon-to-be stepfather, Dan, whom I showed no interest in. I was clearly depressed, especially after Dan and my mother married and I realized that there was no way that things could changed back to the way they were. Even though I resisted all Dan's attempts to get to know me and wasn't very nice to him, he never gave up on me. Gradually, I began to believe in him. I realized that we actually had some thing in common especially when it came to movies and TV shows. We spent a lot of time together hanging out and watching TV. That gave us a chance to talk and get to know each other. Better still, Dan showed an interest in me, which I had never experienced from my own father. Dan was always around when I needed advice on school or friends. Once I begin to warm up to Dan, the three of us began spending a lot of time together. We often went out to eat and took short trips. Eventually, I discovered that I finally had the happy family that I had always wanted. I now realize my parents were right about getting the divorce. Their breakup was the best thing to happen for all of us. My father also found happiness-- he remarried and had another child, my half -sister, Michelle. Which of the following can best describe the author's stepfather?
|
[
"humorous",
"hardworking",
"loving",
"loyal"
] | 2C
|
human_sexuality
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Tattoos and body piercings have moved up on the trend list in recent years. Around Western schools lots of teens are sporting new holes and "flesh ink" . As with all other subjects, the Chinese will surely have to deal with this situation with respect to their children. To get a better view of what has happened in the West, let's sit down and hear what they say. Tiara from prefix = st1 /Indiana: I personally think body piercing is sickening. If there were supposed to be holes in your body, you would have been born with them. I do, however, think that ear piercing, is not wrong. There is a difference between ear piercing and belly button piercing. Ear piercing is not nearly as dangerous. I would be sick if someone stuck a needle in my belly button. Lee fromIllinois: Hi! I live inIllinois. I am 23. I have 12 tattoos and three piercings. I love my tattoos and consider myself an art collector. You would be surprised at who has given me the thumbs-up on my art work. People on the street stop me to look at the tattoo on my leg. Most of them don't know what it is. They just think the work itself is great. Subotai fromCalifornia: I'm not against self-expression, but when I see high school students getting these piercing, I really wonder. In some cases, the drive is deeper and darker than mere fashion. A friend of mine tried piercing her own tongue with a safety pin. It got infected and she had a tongue the size of a cow's. Jackson fromOhio: I don't think it's wrong, but when people do it all over the place like their face and everything --I think that's ridiculous. People who get the big dragons that cover your whole body--I don't think that's necessary. When I see naked chicks on guys, I think. "You have no respect for women." Brittney from New York: Who doesn't think tattoos and piercings are beautiful except ear piercing?
|
[
"Jackson",
"Lee",
"Tiara",
"Subotai"
] | 2C
|
human_sexuality
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Elizabeth Blackwell was born on February 3, 1821 in Bristol, England. Her father was a rich sugar businessman at the time. Because her parents thought boys and girls should be equal, Elizabeth received the same education as her brothers. In 1832, her father's business was destroyed by fire, so her family moved to New York City. But her father's business there failed. Then in 1837, the family moved to Cincinnati, Ohio. Not long after, her father died. After her father's death, Elizabeth, at the age of 16, had to go to work. When she was 24, she visited her dying friend Mary. Her friend said, "You're young and strong, you should become a doctor." That was nearly impossible for a woman in the middle of the nineteenth century. But she knew this was what she was going to do. After several rejections from medical schools, she finally was accepted by Geneva Medical College. By studying hard, she graduated successfully in 1849. After graduating from medical school, she went to Paris to learn more about medicine. She wanted to be a surgeon, but a serious eye problem forced her to give up the idea. When she returned to America in 1851, she found it difficult to start her own practice because she was a woman. In 1857, Elizabeth and her sister, also a doctor, along with another woman doctor, managed to open a new hospital, the first for women and children. Besides, she also set up the first medical school for women in 1868, where she taught the women students about disease prevention. It was the first time that the idea of preventing disease was taught in a medical school. Elizabeth Blackwell started the British National Health Society in 1871, which helped people learn how to stay healthy. In 1889, Elizabeth Blackwell became the first woman doctor in the United States. Most importantly, she fought for the admission of women to medical colleges. Elizabeth Blackwell died on May 3, 1910, when she was 89.She opened a world of chances for women. She always fought for what was right in all her life. In 1949 the Blackwell medal was established. It's given to women who have excellent achievements in the field of medicine. She'll always be remembered as a great woman. According to the passage, Elizabeth Blackwell _ .
|
[
"received bad education in her childhood",
"spent a happy and lucky childhood",
"moved to America with her family at eleven",
"decided to be a doctor due to her father's death"
] | 2C
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Our only star provides us with energy that is
|
[
"temporary",
"inferior",
"expensive",
"reusable"
] | 3D
|
astronomy
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Bicycle Safety Operation Always ride your bike in a safe, controlled manner on campus . Obey rules and regulations. Watch out for walkers and other bicyclists, and always use your lights in dark conditions. Theft Prevention Always securely lock your bicycle to a bicycle rack -- even if you are only away for a minute. Register your bike with the University Department of Public Safety. It's fast, easy, and free. Registration permanently records your serial number, which is useful in the possible recovery of the bike stolen. Equipment Brakes Make sure that they are in good working order and adjusted properly. Helmet A necessity, make sure your helmet meets current safety standards and fits properly. Lights Always have a front headlight -- visible at least 500 feet in front of the bike. A taillight is a good idea. Rules of the Road Riding on Campus As a bicycle rider, you have a responsibility to ride only on streets and posted bicycle paths. Riding on sidewalks or other walkways can lead to a fine. The speed limit for bicycles on campus is 15 mph, unless otherwise posted. Always give the right of way to walkers. If you are involved in an accident, you are required to offer appropriate aid, call the Department of Public Safety and remain at the scene until the officer lets you go. Bicycle Parking Only park in areas reserved for bikes. Trees, handrails, hallways, and sign posts are not for bicycle parking, and parking in such spots can result in a fine. If Things Go Wrong If you break the rules, you will be fined. Besides violating rules while riding bicycles on campus, you could be fined for: No bicycle registration ............................................. $25 Bicycle parking banned .............................................$30 Blocking path with bicycle ........................................$40 Violation of bicycle equipment requirement ......................$35 According to the passage, what bike equipment is a free choice for bicycle riders?
|
[
"A helmet.",
"A headlight.",
"A taillight.",
"Brakes."
] | 2C
|
computer_security
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Thermal conduction occurs when
|
[
"I leave a log poker in the fire",
"I sit down on a bed",
"I wave a flag in the air",
"I have a party"
] | 0A
|
college_physics
|
mmlu_labeled
|
To become a doctor in the United States, students usually attend four years of medical school after they complete college. Then these young doctors work in hospitals for several years to complete a training program called a residency . These medical residents provide hospitals with needed services in return for not much pay. They work under the supervision of medical professors and more experienced doctors. Medical residents treat patients . they carry out tests. They perform operations. They complete records. In hospitals with few nurses, residents also do work formerly done by nurses. Some medical residents work one-hundred or more hours in a single week. _ Critics of this system say medical residents work too long and do not get enough res. They say these young doctors may be too tired to perform their medical duties effectively. Now, the government will limit the number of hours of work that residents can work. Most doctors in training will be limited to eighty-four hours of work each week. They will have work periods of no more than twenty-four hours at one time. They will have ten hours of rest between work periods. Medical residents will have one day each week when they do not have to work. Any work they accept outside their hospitals will be limited.Experienced doctors and medical professors will closely supervise the residents to make sure they are not too tired to work. Many medical residents welcomed the work limits. Others, however, said the new policy may interfere with patient care and their own medical education. Medical residents are not responsible for _ .
|
[
"supervising students",
"treating patients",
"carrying patients",
"doing operations"
] | 0A
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Is the following trait inherited or acquired?
Haley is good at knitting hats.
|
[
"acquired",
"inherited"
] | 0A
|
natural science
|
scienceqa
|
Healthy eating doesn't just mean what you eat, but how you eat. Here is some advice on healthy eating. Eat with others. It can help you to see others' healthy eating habits. If you usually eat with your parents, you will find that the food you eat is more delicious. Listen to your body. Ask yourself if you are really hungry. Have a glass of water to see if you are thirsty, sometimes you are just thirsty, you need no food. Stop eating before you feel full. Eat breakfast. Breakfast is the most important meal of the day. After you don't eat for the past ten hours, your body needs food to get you going. You will be smarter after eating breakfast. Eat healthy snacks like fruit, yogurt or cheese. We all need snacks sometimes. In fact, it's a good idea to eat two healthy snacks between your three meals. This doesn't mean that you can eat a bag of chips instead of a meal. Don't eat dinner late. With our busy life, we always put off eating dinner until the last minute. Try to eat dinner at least 3 hours before you go to bed. This will give your body a chance to _ most of the food before you rest for the next 8-10 hours. What's the passage about?
|
[
"What to eat.",
"Where to eat.",
"How to eat.",
"When to eat"
] | 2C
|
nutrition
|
mmlu_labeled
|
For most of my 15 years, my father usually said very little to my mother and me. He preferred reading the newspaper or watching football matches on television to talking to his family. Everything changed one morning. As soon as I came downstairs to breakfast, I could see that he wasn't his usual reserved self. "Can't wait! FIFA World Cup! Big match! Must see!" I quickly figured out what all the excitement was about: Dad is a big football fan. I had never been interested in football, but Dad's excitement that morning made me more and more curious. I had to find out why this sport was making my normally reserved father act like a five-year-old on his first trip to Disneyland. Dad decided that we should all eat at a little German restaurant so that we could watch the World Cup while eating. Secretly, I think he was hoping to turn Mum and me into football fans. The match started a few minutes after we entered the restaurant. As I was eating my meal, a loud noise came from the television. Surprised, I looked up at the TV: "Why is that man jumping up and down?" Dad patiently explained: "That's Papa Bouba Diop, my son. It's normal for them to jump up and down after they've scored." Dad explained almost everything to me. His monosyllabic answers were a thing of the past. I loved the new Dad! I watched the rest of the match, becoming more and more interested. When I told my father that I planned to watch more matches with him, he smiled and gave me a wink . At long last we had something in common. Football has really helped Dad and me get closer and form a stronger relationship with each other. Who says football is only about 22 men running after a silly ball? The author's growing interest in watching the match mainly came from _ .
|
[
"his and his father's common love of German food",
"watching a top level performance of the players",
"his father's love of football and his explanation",
"eating in a restaurant with the excited fans"
] | 2C
|
human_sexuality
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Range At present,there are five network firms---China Telecom,China Unicom,Jitong Communications,China Netcom and China Mobile---that are allowed to operate IP services in China.Each company has its advantages in service. Charge As the Ministry of Information Industry co-ordinates,the charges of IP calls of the five companies are the same,0.30 yuan per minute for DDD calls.4.80 yuan per minute for IDD calls,2.50 yuan for calls from the mainland to Hong Kong,Macao,and Taiwan,and 1.50 yuan from Shenzhen to HK,Zhongshan and Zhuhai to Macao.IP callers don't enjoy discounts on holidays. China Telecom has the widest coverage.All cities in China with telephone access and most countries in the world are open to China Telecom's IP card. China Unicom's IP card can reach 29 cities nationwide and more than 130 countries and regions worldwide.Jitong IP can access 12 cities in China and over 70 countries and regions worldwide. China Netcom's IP card can reach 14 cities in China and 149 countries and regions in the world. China Mobile's IP card is open to only six cities nationwide but can access more than 200 countries and regions worldwide. Voice quality China Telecom realizes its IP service by the public Intermet,therefore net congestion and voice delay may sometimes disturb conversations.The other four companies have their private data networks,which help to increase transmission speeds and improve voice quality. Other services China Telecom,Jitong and China Mobile offer account transfer services.Users can transfer the remaining sum of money on one card to another card. Jitong and Netcom Link their services with bank cards.One can enjoy IP's service without an IP card.Bank card users can make IP phone calls with their bank card numbers,so they needn't buy new IP cards and remember the new numbers again and again. As for customer service,China Telecom,China Unicom and China Mobile provide free hot line service,while Jitong and Netcom charge for their services. Which of the following is mentioned in the passage?
|
[
"China Unicom charges IDD calls more than the other four firms.",
"China Mobile's coverage is the least of the five firms.",
"China Telecom accesses many more cities nationwide than the other four.",
"China Netcom is the only one to be allowed to operate IP service."
] | 2C
|
computer_security
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Chinese students aren't the only ones who have a sleep loss problem. In Australia, teenagers are also missing out on, on average, one hour's sleep every night during the school week. Organized activities and homework push bedtimes later, the first large-scale Australian study of children's sleeping habits has revealed . Their sleep deprivation is enough to cause "serious drop-offs in school performance, attention and memory", and governments should consider later or flexible school start times, said the study's leader, Tim Olds. ks5u His survey, of more than 4,000 children aged 9 to 18, found those who slept least did not watch more television but spent their time socializing with family or friends or listening to music. "Almost all children get up at 7 or 7:15 -- they have to get to school on time," said Olds. He favors a later start over an earlier finish because he believes organized sports and activities would still consume the latter end of the day. Olds' research also establishes lack of sleep as a cause of weight gain in children, and a possible source of future problems with depression, anxiety and increased susceptibility to illness. It was already known that overweight children sleep less, but Professor Olds found sleep duration was strongly linked to weight across the full range of body sizes. The thinnest children sleep 20 minutes more than the _ . This showed being overweight had no specific effect on sleep patterns, and it was more likely that shorter sleep times stimulate appetite and make kids hungry. The US National Sleep Foundation says teenagers aged 13 to 18 need eight to nine hours' sleep a night. Younger school-aged kids need 9 to 11 hours. On that basis, Professor Olds said, half of Australian children are under-sleeping on weekdays and a quarter on weekends. What effects does lack of sleep directly have on the students according to the survey?
|
[
"They become overweight but begin to eat less than before.",
"They feel more depressed and anxious about their school work.",
"They are more likely to be affected with illness in the future.",
"They pay less attention in class and their memory declines."
] | 3D
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Each year, about 10,000 to 100,000 animal species die off. They join the countless species that have gone extinct over the course of Earth's history - and extinction means forever. At least it used to. Scientists are now closing in on the ability to bring back extinct species. No, this doesn't mean the plot of Jurassic Park is going to become a reality. Researchers need DNA to bring back a species. DNA is the chemical that carries the structure for a living thing. Dinosaurs have been gone too long for any of their DNA to remain in fossils. But there's a very real chance that we will be able to bring back more recently extinct species. This could even include Ice Age animals like the woolly mammoth. In 2003, a team of Spanish and French scientists re-created the Pyrenean ibex, which had gone extinct three years earlier. The new animal didn't survive long, but scientific advances should improve the success rate. In January, Australian scientists announced that they were on their way to bringing back the gastric brooding frog. That we can bring species back doesn't mean that we should. There may be benefits to reviving a species. But there's no way to know how it will turn out. For example, would a passenger pigeon fit into its old habitat? Or might it crowd out existing species? Environmentalists worry that our ability to bring species back might cut down support for the hard work of traditional conservation. Why worry about preserving a wildlife habitat or fighting poachers if we know we can just make up for our mistakes? But those extinctions are our mistakes to correct, which may give us an obligation to do so. As businessman and environmentalist Stewart Brand recently said, "Humans have made a huge hole in nature. We have the ability now to repair some of that damage." We would do well to remember the lesson of Jurassic Park: Proceed with caution. Why is the plot of Jurassic Park not going to become a reality?
|
[
"Because dinosaurs are forbidden to be brought back to life.",
"Because it is impossible for scientists to bring back extinct huge animals.",
"Because scientists are not interested in bringing back dinosaurs.",
"Because it is impossible to find DNA of dinosaurs in fossils."
] | 3D
|
college_biology
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Will it matter if you don't have your breakfast? There were a test in the US. People of different ages, from 12 to 83, took the test. During the test, these people got all kinds of breakfasts and sometimes they got no breakfast at all. Scientists wanted to see how well they worked after they ate different kinds of breakfasts. The result shows that if a person eats a right breakfast , he or she will work better than if he or she has no breakfast. If a student has fruit, eggs, bread and milk before going to school, he will learn more quickly and listen more carefully in class. The result is different from what some people think. It shows having no breakfast will not help them lose weight. This is because they become so hungry at noon that they eat too much for lunch. In fact, they will gain weight. But they will lose more weight if they _ other meals. The result shows that _
|
[
"breakfast has great effect on people's work and studies",
"breakfast has no effect on people's work",
"a person will work better if he only has fruit and milk",
"students should have little for breakfast"
] | 0A
|
nutrition
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Which object has the least thermal energy?
|
[
"a cookie at a temperature of 32°C",
"a cookie at a temperature of 27°C",
"a cookie at a temperature of 17°C"
] | 2C
|
natural science
|
scienceqa
|
What information supports the conclusion that Jessica acquired this trait?
|
[
"Jessica learned how to knit in an after school program.",
"Jessica knits sweaters using cotton, wool, and other types of yarn."
] | 0A
|
natural science
|
scienceqa
|
If I wanted to prevent a blister when running I can
|
[
"wear layers",
"Run barefoot",
"Walk instead",
"Wear sandals"
] | 0A
|
nutrition
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Hydrochloric acid is added to a beaker containing a piece of zinc. As a result, zinc chloride is formed and hydrogen gas is released. This is an example of
|
[
"a chemical reaction",
"a physical change",
"photosynthesis",
"evaporation"
] | 0A
|
college_chemistry
|
mmlu_labeled
|
It turns out that nodding off in class may not be such a bad idea after all, as a new study has shown that going to sleep shortly after learning new material is the best way to remember it. According to US lead author Jessica Payne, a psychologist at the University of Notre Dame in Indiana, nodding off after learning something new is like "telling" the sleeping brain what to remember. Along with colleagues, she studied 207 students who habitually slept for at least six hours per night.Participants were casually selected to study declarative , semantically related or unrelated word pairs at 9am or 9pm, and returned for testing 30 minutes, 12 hours or 24 ours later. Declarative memory refers to the ability to remember facts and events with awareness, and can be broken down into episodic memory (memory for events) and semantic memory (memory for facts about the world).People routinely use both types of memory every day--recalling where we parked today or learning how a colleague prefers to be addressed. At the 12-hour retest, memory overall was better following a night of sleep compared to a day of wakefulness. At the 24-hour retest, with all subjects having received both a full night of sleep and a full day of wakefulness, subjects' memories were better when sleep occurred shortly after learning, rather than following a full day of wakefulness. "Our study confirms that sleeping directly after learning something new is beneficial for memory.What's new about this study is that we tried to shine light on sleep's influence on both types of declarative memory by studying semantically unrelated and related word pairs," Payne said. "Since we found that sleeping soon after learning benefited both types of memory, this means that it would be a good thing to practise any information you need to remember just before going to bed.In some sense, you may be 'telling' the sleeping brain what to remember." What can we infer from the text?
|
[
"Nodding off in class is very uncommon.",
"People are better at remembering events than facts.",
"Reciting new English words before going to bed may help.",
"The longer sleep we have, the better memory we will have."
] | 2C
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Air is always around us. It is around us when we walk and play. From the time we are born, air is around us. When we sit down, it is around us. When we go to bed, air is also around us. We live in air. All the animals and plants need air. Living things can't live without air. We can live without food or water for a few days, but we can not live for more than a few minutes without air. We breathe in air. When we are walking or running, we need more air. When we are asleep, we need less air. We live in air, but we can't see it. We can only feel it. We can feel it when it is moving. Moving air is called wind. How can we make air move? Here is one way. Hold and open a book in you hand in front of your face. Close it quickly! What you feel is the air. We can live for a few days _ .
|
[
"without air",
"without food or water",
"without food or air",
"without air or water"
] | 1B
|
high_school_physics
|
mmlu_labeled
|
At least eight babies in East China'sprefix = st1 /AnhuiProvincehave died since last year. they died of serious deficiency disease which happened to them because of fake milk powders. More than 100 other babies in Fuyang, mostly between three and five months old, are still in poor nutrition after drinking different kinds of cheap milk powders produced in North China's Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Northeast China's Heilongjiang Province and Beijing. The baby victims were born healthy, but they became thinner and thinner, and had large heads for their bodies after fake milk powders were fed to them. "My girl, the first child of mine, died when she was only four months old after drinking the 'Haobaobei'milk powder."said Zhang Linwei, a 32-year-old villager of the Wangzhuang Village in Fuyang. Zhang found that his daughter got ill after the girl didn't want to drink the milk powder any more half a month before. "Before that , I though my daughter's face was becoming fatter and fatter because she was fed well and grew fast."the baby's father said. The girl died nine days later after she was sent to hospital and all of the family's savings were spent on her medical treatment. "It is like a terrible dream. I never thought that my baby would _ like this ."he said. Zhang said he tried to telephone and write to the producer of the milk powder by the address on the packing bag but never made it. "The fake milk powders only have 5-6 per cent protein and the lowest is has only 1 per cent. For babies, drinking such fake milk powder is no different from drinking water,"Zhang Fangjun, said a medical expert with the Fuyang People's Hospital. "Such so-called milk powders cannot afford any nutrition for babies' growth," Zhang said. The fake milk powders, which were produced in North China's Inner Monglolia Autonomous Region, Northeast China's Heilongjiang Province and Beijing_.
|
[
"were all called 'Haobaobei'",
"were only sold inAnhuiProvince",
"were much cheaper than any other milk powders",
"killed at least eight babies inAnhuiProvince"
] | 3D
|
nutrition
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Based on this information, what is Zelda's phenotype for the horns trait?
|
[
"having horns",
"not having horns"
] | 1B
|
natural science
|
scienceqa
|
Scientists conduct investigations to answer questions. Before making a valid conclusion, scientists must
|
[
"collect relevant evidence",
"tell people about the data",
"publish results from the investigation",
"discuss the investigation with other scientists"
] | 0A
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Is the following trait inherited or acquired?
Sandra has naturally brown hair.
|
[
"inherited",
"acquired"
] | 0A
|
natural science
|
scienceqa
|
My father passed away in a nursing home on a September day. I never remembered him telling me he loved me. Upon hearing his death, I didn't feel the need to cry. I struggled with my lack of strong feelings over his passing, knowing it was not healthy for me to avoid sadness. On Christmas Day of the year, I was reflecting on as many good memories of my father as I could. I decided to work out my feelings, so I sat down and wrote my father a letter. Dear Daddy, I remember something today. I remember when I was 3 years old, mom carried me right before bedtime and you sang "Now I Lay Me Down To Sleep" to me, and I remember your voice like it was just yesterday. I remember the warmth of you lying next to me and how special I felt at that moment. Then my mom carried me off to my own bed to tuck me in. I remember times when I could sit out on the porch with you and watch an approaching thunderstorm, and you would tell me the scientific facts behind lightning and thunder. I thought you knew everything. I remember you taking my two brothers and me on trips to a stream out in the country on summer days. We would walk along the stream, picking wildflowers to take home to mother. I want to thank you for giving me an appreciation of nature and science and of God's beautiful creation, Earth. I want to thank you for making us take part in "family worship" every evening after dinner. I remember that Bible stories and the Golden Rule on how to treat others, and I learnt how to appreciate music in my life from the hymns we sang. I also learnt to harmonize with my sisters. And most of all, I want to forgive you. I forgive you for not being able to tell me that I was a special girl and that you loved me. I longed for your spoken affection. But I realize something in your own upbringing would not allow you to express your feelings verbally . I realize that you did the best that you could with what you knew. I signed the letter and put it into my wooden box to join many other cards and letters from my family and loved ones that I cherished. But somehow, it had not brought any relief I desired. On New Year's Eve, I remember the letter to my father. I took it outside to the yard. Then I built a fire and dropped it into the flame and watched it burn. As I thanked my father for giving me life, the tears came. I released all the grief and whispered, "you were my father... and I love you." Why did the writer struggle with the feelings upon hearing her father's death?
|
[
"Because she couldn't accept her father's death.",
"Because she wanted to hold back her sadness.",
"Because she knew she should have felt sad.",
"Because she had a mixed feeling of love and hatred."
] | 2C
|
human_sexuality
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Based on this information, what is Dolly's genotype for the myotonia congenita gene?
|
[
"having myotonia congenita",
"Mm"
] | 1B
|
natural science
|
scienceqa
|
Which action most often causes sinkholes to form on the surface of Earth?
|
[
"removing groundwater",
"meteor impacts",
"plates colliding",
"mechanical weathering"
] | 0A
|
natural_science
|
ai2_arc_challenge
|
Dead organisms, like trees provide
|
[
"thriving communities",
"families",
"love",
"heat"
] | 0A
|
college_biology
|
mmlu_labeled
|
How far would you be willing to go to satisfy your need to know?Far enough to find out your possibility of dying from a terrible disease?These days that's more than an academic question,as Tracy Smith reports in our Cover Story. There are now more than a thousand genetic tests,for everything from baldness to breast cancer,and the list is growing.Question is,do you really want to know what might eventually kill you?For instance,Nobel Prizewinning scientist James Watson,one of the first people to map their entire genetic makeup,is said to have asked not to be told if he were at a higher risk for Alzheimer's . "If I tell you that you have an increased risk of getting a terrible disease,that could weigh on your mind and make you anxious,through which you see the rest of your life as you wait for that disease to hit you.It could really mess you up." said Dr.Robert Green,a Harvard geneticist. "Every ache and pain," Smith suggested,could be understood as "the beginning of the end.""That's right.If you ever worried you were at risk for Alzheimer's disease,then every time you can't find your car in the parking lot,you think the disease has started." Dr.Green has been thinking about this issue for years.He led a study of people who wanted to know if they were at a higher genetic risk for Alzheimer's.It was thought that people who got bad news would,for lack of a better medical term, _ .But Green and his team found that there was "no significant difference" between how people handled good news and possibly the worst news of their lives.In fact,most people think they can handle it.People who ask for the information usually can handle the information,good or bad,said Green. Which of the following is TRUE of James Watson?
|
[
"He is strongly in favor of the present genetic tests.",
"He is more likely to suffer from Alzheimer's disease.",
"He believes genetic mapping can help cure any disease.",
"He doesn't want to know his chance of getting a disease."
] | 3D
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
It happened one morning 20 years ago. A British scientist Alec Jeffrey came across DNA fingerprinting: He identified the patterns of genetic material that are unique to almost every individual. His discovery changed everything from the way we do criminal investigations to the way we decide family law. But the professor of genetics at the University of Leicester, UK, is still surprised, and a bit worried, by the power of the technology he released upon the world. The patterns within DNA are unique to each individual, except identical twins, who share the same pattern. The ability to identify these patterns has been used to convict(...) murderers and to clear people who are wrongly accused. It is also used to identify the victims of war and settle disputes over who is the father of a child. Jeffrey said he and his colleagues made the discovery by accident while tracking genetic variations . But, within six months of the discovery, genetic fingerprinting had been used in an immigration case, to prove that an African boy really was his parents' son.*In 1986, it was used for the first time in a British criminal case: It cleared one suspect after being accused of two murders and helped convict another man. DNA testing is now very common. In Britain, a national criminal database established in 1995 now contains 2.5 million DNA samples. The U.S. and Canada are developing similar systems. But there are fears about the stored DNA samples and how they could be used to harm a person's privacy. That includes a person's medical history, racial origin or psychological profile. "There is the long-term risk that people can get into these samples and start getting additional information about a person's paternity or risk of disease," Jeffrey said. DNA testing is not an unfailing proof of identity. Still, it is considered a reasonably reliable system for determining the things it is used for. Jeffrey estimates the probability of two individuals' DNA profiles matching in the most commonly used tests at one in a billion. DNA samples are not popular with all the people because _ .
|
[
"the government in Britain establishes a criminal database",
"the US and Canada develop similar systems",
"DNA samples can be used to harm a person's privacy",
"DNA testing is too expensive and dangerous now"
] | 2C
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Each country has its favourite food. In some countries, people eat rice every day. They often eat it with meat, fish and vegetables. Japanese eat a lot of fish, and they eat a lot of rice , too. In England , the favourite food is fried fish and French fries. In the USA people like hamburgers a lot. And they like to have cold drinks. In Canada, people eat bread with butter on it. In India, people like to eat hot food. Some people eat only fruit and vegetables. They don't like to eat meat and fish. They think green food is good for them. In the USA, people like to have _ .
|
[
"fish and fries",
"fish and rice",
"hamburgers and cold drinks",
"bread with butter"
] | 2C
|
nutrition
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Which factor can increase the amount of sulfur dioxide in the air?
|
[
"applying too much fertilizer to agricultural fields",
"operation of coal-fired electric generating plants",
"a hot summer day",
"too much rain"
] | 1B
|
natural_science
|
ai2_arc_challenge
|
When I decided to get married, my father decided to share some wisdom. "Lori, it is just as easy to love a rich man as it is to love a poor man, " he said. My boyfriend didn't have much money, but I loved him. "What?" I cried. " How can you say that? I want to marry for love, NOT for money." " But why not marry someone you love who has money?" he asked. "Rich men are materialistic . I'd rather marry a poor man who loves me," I said and he gave in. And as we went on, with my family growing, I learned why my father put such importance on money. We had to cover the rent, car, electricity, food, and medical bills. We were under lot of pressure. The worries over whether we would be asked to move out or if we had the money to wash our clothes at the Laundromat this week made me question if I did the right thing by marrying a "poor" man. I realized that I had entered the ranks of the poor. Not that I'd ever been rich. Most of my life, I considered us in the lower middle-class rank. We had a house of our own, food on the table, cars, clothes, and money for college. But now, as I listened to an apartment neighbour talk about her monthly "Mother's Day" gift, I realized she was talking about her welfare check . And another young mother tried to "help" me out by connecting me with a friend who stole baby clothes from a department store. " For a small cut," she said, " I could return my 'purchase' for cash." It made me sick. How poor was I? I had a college education but wasn't using it. I insisted on not missing a minute of our children's childhood and it came at a price. My husband was working as hard as he could and it wasn't enough. But somehow we made it. The kids grew. Today, we look back and see the great values gained by going through those hard years. My children are not materialistic. They never thought they were poor growing up because we always managed to give a little bit of food, money, or clothes to the "poor". They were satisfied with the simple things in life that come free such as a beach day or a horse back ride from their dad. We had our worries, but we still treasured our very favorite part of the day when we'd nest under the covers and talked about our future, the kids and how much we loved each other. Sure our financial troubles caused a lot of fights, but we didn't leave each other. We began to live a better life. We moved to a better community with good schools for the kids. And soon, we'll face a new challenge with wealth. But we'll never give up. My father died three years ago. Before he died, he knew I made the right choice. I'm proud of my decision. .The writer argued with her father because _ .
|
[
"she thought her father didn't love her at all",
"her father thought her boyfriend was too materialistic",
"her father wanted her to marry a rich man while she didn't",
"she thought her father loved her boyfriend's money more than him."
] | 2C
|
human_sexuality
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Select the one substance that is not a rock.
|
[
"Chalk is a solid. It is formed in nature.",
"A nutshell is made by a living thing. It is a solid.",
"Quartzite is a solid. It is not a pure substance."
] | 1B
|
natural science
|
scienceqa
|
One suicide and three attempted ones that left two seriously injured, all by middle school students in Shanghai last week, cast a gloom over an otherwise happy beginning of a new term there. The terrible things took place even as the Ministry of Education and China Central Television organized the first lesson on TV about personal safety for students last Monday, the first day of the new semester. Such things suggest that this first lesson is more than necessary. Not only should kids be taught how to protect themselves in times of emergency, they should also be made aware of the value of tile2 One student was prevented from killing himself from his school building. He said he just could not accept the fact of not being able to go tip to a higher grade with his classmates, and thus considered life meaningless. Another 12-year-old boy who jumped off a building to his death was said to have been a good student, and no one could say why he chose to end his life. Obviously, their inner worlds were seriously affected. But when they chose to take their own lives, their irresponsible choice was clearly the result of a lack of adequate understanding of the value of life. The ancient sage Confucius stressed that one must protect even one's hair and skin from being hurt. He meant that the sense of responsibility for one's parents was important as far as the value of life was concerned. When we talk about the enthusiasm of making contributions to our motherland, we are referring to values that constitute the nobler part of the meaning of life. The value of life should be far beyond the concern for personal interest. Undoubtedly, those kids who chose to take their own lives were faced only with their own sadness that they could not overcome. If they had a little concern for their parents, for their parents' expectations of them or for their own potential contributions to this world in the future, they would not have gone that far. Difficulties or sufferings are supposed to help kids develop their sense of responsibility and thus help them better understand the value of life. Too much attention and care from their parents and grandparents have made most of the only children self-centered. Many think it is natural that they deserve to be taken care of by others in whatever way they want. They expect to have their problems solved by their parents or someone else. With such a false sense, they fail to grasp the tough reality of life. They suffer from the illusion that their life should be nothing but plain sailing, Whenever the illusion is broken, they can hardly gather enough courage to face life as it is. So a hotline is indeed necessary to help those kids who find it hard to accept the tough reality of life. But parents and teachers also need to take lessons from the things. They need to know that life should not always be sugar-coated for kids; they should be made to taste the bitter side too as early as possible. From the passage we know that _ .
|
[
"four students took their lives in Shanghai last week",
"being unable to catch up with other classmates led to the 12-year-old boy killing himself",
"the importance of life lies in the sense of responsibility for parents",
"parents are supposed to tell the kids the bitter side of life as well as the sweet side"
] | 3D
|
human_sexuality
|
mmlu_labeled
|
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