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|---|---|---|---|---|
In plants, which describes sexual reproduction but not asexual reproduction?
|
[
"Five limbs are grafted onto the same tree.",
"New plants are grown from pieces of other plants.",
"A fertilized egg cell divides to produce an embryo.",
"Offspring are produced that have the same genetic information as the parent."
] | 2C
|
college_biology
|
mmlu_labeled
|
When two bumper cars collide, some of the kinetic energy of the cars is transformed. Which form of energy is most likely formed as a result of this collision?
|
[
"electrical",
"electromagnetic",
"magnetic",
"sound"
] | 3D
|
college_physics
|
mmlu_labeled
|
In your life, there are a lot of people around you. They are your relatives, neighbors, friends or classmates. Sometimes you get along well with them, but sometimes don't. What can you do when someone hurts you? Most people may be angry or even fight with him. But it's not a good idea. You'd better forget all this and forgive(,) him. Maybe it's not easy for you to do that, but it's possible. Please remember: Keep a good mood, and you will keep healthy. Staying angry with others, in fact, means letting others' mistakes treat yourself unfairly. How can you forgive others? First, think of something pleasant and try to get yourself happy. Second, don't wait others to say sorry to you. If anyone hurts you, he won't say sorry to you. He may just want to hurt you or just don't see things the same way. Third, _ . You can understand their minds better and make yourself a little happier. At last, try to know yourself very well. Whose mistakes caused that, yours or others'? If it's your fault, try to say sorry to them. If it isn't, smile at the thing. ,. Forgiving others is _ according to the writer's opinion.
|
[
"easy",
"foolish",
"possible",
"Impossible"
] | 2C
|
human_sexuality
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Bruce Alberts, the former President of the National Academies (USA), has now taken over as Editor-in Chief of Science. Judging by his editorial in this week's issueConsidering Science Education there could be some interesting times ahead inScience offices. Here's part of what Bruce has to say about science education... I consider science education to be critically important to both science and the world, and I shall frequently deal with this topic on this page. Let's start with a big-picture view. Science has greatly advanced our understanding of the natural world and has enabled the creation of countless medicines and useful devices. It has also led to behaviors that have improved lives. The public appreciates these practical benefits of science, and science and scientists are generally respected, even by those who are not familiar with how science works or what exactly it has discovered. But society may less appreciate the advantage of having everyone acquire the ways of thinking and behaving that are central to practice of successful science: scientific habits of mind. These habits include a critical attitude toward established claims and a strong desire for logic and evidence. As famous astronomer Carl Sagan put it, science is our best detector . Individuals and societies clearly need a means to logically test the constant clever attempts to operate our purchasing and political decisions. They also need to challenge what is unreasonable, including the intolerance that led to so many regional and global conflicts. So how does this relate of science education? Might it be possible to encourage, across the world, scientific habits of mind, so as to create more rational societies everywhere? In principle, a strong expansion of science education could provide the world with _ , but only if scientists, educators, and policy-makers redefine the goals of science education, beginning with college-level teaching. Rather than only conveying what science has discovered about the natural world, as is done now in most countries, we should provide first all students with the knowledge and practice of how to think like a scientist. Which of the following is NOTincluded in the "scientific habits of mind"?
|
[
"A critical attitude toward established claims.",
"A strong desire for logic.",
"A clever and active mind.",
"A strong desire for evidence."
] | 2C
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Tobacco companies are fighting efforts in the United States and Australia to make their products less appealing. In Washington, a federal judge last week blocked the Food and Drug Administration from requiring new warning labels on cigarette packs. Judge Richard Leon ruled in a case brought by five tobacco companies. The judge temporarily stopped a new federal rule which requires large new warnings starting next September. These include color1 images such as a dead body or diseased lungs. And simple text warnings now appear. Congress called for color1 images showing the dangers of smoking, similar to what Canada does. But the tobacco companies say the new requirements approved in June violate their free speech rights guaranteed by the Constitution. Judge Leon said the FDA could not require the new labels before a lawsuit against the government is decided. Some experts say the process could take years. The judge said he believed the cigarette makers were highly likely to win their case. He said the images should be designed to appeal to emotions, rejecting government arguments that they should be purely factual. He accused the government of trying to use the labels to promote an "obvious anti-smoking agenda?" The head of an anti-smoking group, the Campaign for Tobacco-Free Kids, called the decision "wrong on the science and wrong on the law". About one-fifth of American adults smoke. The World Health Organization says tobacco kills nearly six mil-lion people worldwide each year. More than six hundred thousand of them are non-smokers who breathe other people's tobacco smoke. In Australia, tobacco companies want to stop what would be the world's most restrictive laws on cigarette advertising. Cigarettes could be sold only in plain olive-green packages. Only the brand name and health warnings could appear. The Senate passed the bill last week and sent it back to the Lower House to approve minor amendments . The law is to go into effect in December of next year. Tobacco companies Say the legislation violates the Australian constitution. They say it would unjustly reduce the value of their brand names and trademarks. Health Minister Nicola Roxon says the government is ready for a legal fight. In 2013, what will Australian cigarettes probably look like?
|
[
"Plain olive-green packages only with health warnings.",
"Plain olive-green packages only with the brand name and health warnings.",
"Plain packages with the brand name and health warnings.",
"Plain packages with color1 images of a dead body or diseased lungs."
] | 1B
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Parents and kids today dress alike, listen to the same music, and are friends. Is this a good thing? Sometimes, when Mr. Ballmer and his 16-year-old daughter, Elizabeth, listen to rock music together and talk about interests they both enjoy, such as pop culture, he remembers his more distant relationship with his parents when he was a teenager. "I would never have said to my mom, 'Hey, the new Weezer album is really great. How do you like it?'" says Ballmer. "There was just a complete gap in taste." Music was not the only _ . From clothing and hairstyles to activities and expectations, earlier generations of parents and children often appeared to move in separate orbits. Today, the generation gap has not disappeared, but it is getting narrow in many families. Conversations on subjects such as sex and drugs would not have taken place a generation ago. Now they are comfortable and common. And parent--child activities, from shopping to sports, involve a feeling of trust and friendship that can continue into adulthood. No wonder greeting cards today carry the message, "To my mother, my best friend." But family experts warn that the new equality can also result in less respect for parents. "There's still a lot of strictness and authority on the part of parents out there, but there is a change happening," says Kerrie, a psychology professor at Lebanon Valley College. "In the middle of that change, there is a lot of confusion among parents." Family researchers offer a variety of reasons for these evolving roles and attitudes. They see the 1960s as a turning point. Great cultural changes led to more open communication and a more democratic process that encourages everyone to have a say. "My parents were on the 'before' side of that change, but today's parents, the 40-year-olds, were on the 'after' side," explains Mr. Ballmer. "It's not something easily done by parents these days, because life is more difficult to understand or deal with, but sharing interests does make it more fun to be a parent now." The change in today's parent-child relationship is _ .
|
[
"more confusion among parents",
"new equality between parents and children",
"1ess respect for parents from children",
"more strictness and authority on the part of parents"
] | 1B
|
human_sexuality
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Complete the sentence.
In this chemical reaction, zinc oxide is a ().
|
[
"product",
"reactant"
] | 0A
|
natural science
|
scienceqa
|
Sonia has a sports collection. She has ten tennis rackets, seven basketballs, four volleyballs and five soccer balls. She plays tennis every day she is in the school tennis club. Susan also has a sports collection. She has five baseballs, six volleyballs, three ping-pong bats and many ping-pong balls. Oh, she also has two soccer balls. But she doesn't play sports. She only watches them. Sandy doesn't play sports, and she doesn't have balls. Sonia and Susan have _ volleyballs.
|
[
"4",
"6",
"10",
"12"
] | 2C
|
elementary_mathematics
|
mmlu_labeled
|
How long is a basketball court?
|
[
"31 feet",
"31 yards",
"31 inches"
] | 1B
|
natural science
|
scienceqa
|
The language used by scientists to explain complex ideas can be difficult and sometimes even boring. The language, with its Latin words and long scientific terms, could be one reason some people avoid learning about science, especially children. American Danielle Dixson is a marine biologist. She wants to make science fun for children. Dixson has turned that idea into a series of children's books. The nine books are written so that her research is easy to understand. "I just don't really think kids should be left out of it and I thought that story books may be one of the easiest ways to sort of captivate them and have them understand." Danielle Dixson is an assistant professor at the University of Delaware. Dixson says another goal of her science writing is to help increase understanding of the ocean environment. She spent almost two years in the South Pacific working on her post-doctoral research. She went to the island nation of Fiji to investigate coral reefs that are collapsing or, as she says, degrading. The goal of her research is to identify why some healthy coral reefs are breaking down. She also wants to find out how this degradation affects fish that live in and around the reefs. "A number of the reefs are converting from being, you know, these beautiful coral reef systems that have a lot of holes for animals to hide in, into reefs that the coral's degrading and collapsing and then there is not as much hiding spaces for fishes and things like that." Early in her research, Dixson made some videos for people in Fiji. The videos explained her work to the local community. She says she wanted them to understand how her research would help them. For the local children, Dixson started making books explaining her work. This helped to keep them from walking through her "laboratory" - baby pools filled with water she was using for her experiments. "I was living, actually, in the village with some of the locals. It was a lot easier to get research done if they understood what I was doing and how it would help them. And one of the ways that I was able to connect with the adults was I would make these videos for them. And then I started making children's books for the kids so that they would have a better idea of why I was there, so that when I ask them not to walk through the baby pools I was using for experiments or something like that, that that would actually happen." she added. When Dixson returned to the United States, she started doing the same thing for children in this country. She uses color1ful story books to capture the imagination of children. While she has their attention, she provides very useful information about science. As a marine scientist, Dixson wants her stories to be both educational and inspirational, serving as an agent for change. She also includes in her books "a call to action," asking readers what they can do to make a difference. "One of the things I do in those story books is I have a last page. And the last page talks about what you can do to help. You know, there is a lot of things that even a 6-year-old is able to do, whether it's shutting your lights off when you leave a room, or riding your bike to your friend's house instead of having your parents drive you. There is a lot of stuff that they can do and still feel they're making a difference." Danielle Dixson's books shine a light on the environmental problems facing our world's oceans. They also make science fun and understandable for children. But her books may have an unintended consequence, something she may not have planned on. What may be the title of the passage?
|
[
"You Reap What You Sow",
"Unity Is Strength",
"Haste Makes Waste",
"Circumstances Alter Cases"
] | 0A
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Lillan Hanson, a college junior, expects to graduate in about two years. Mrs Hanson, a rather unusual student, plans to go on to take more courses after she gets her degree. What makes Mrs Hanson different from most of her classmates? What sets Lillian Hanson apart from the college crowd is her age-73 years. She has been going to college, a few courses at a time, for 27 years. When Mrs Hanson graduated from high school, she went to her local bank and asked for a loan for college tuition and fees. The banker gave her no encouragement. He didn't think that country girl should be borrowing money to go to college. He thought she should be home doing work in the house or around the farm. So Mrs Hanson went home and raised a family of nine children instead of going to college. She still lives with her husband on the farm that has been in the family for five generations. Mrs Hanson never forgot her dream of getting a higher education. When her children were grown, she tried again. She finds the hardest part of going back to school at her age is to be sitting in class for long periods of time, because she is not as agile as she used to be. Mrs Hanson often gets up and walks around between classes to keep her joints from getting stiff. At the beginning of a course in using the computer, the other students all gave Mrs Hanson a warm round of applause when she introduced herself and explained why she was there and what her goals were. A person who is agile is_.
|
[
"stiff in the joints",
"poor in certain subjects",
"intelligent at schoolwork",
"able to move around well"
] | 3D
|
human_aging
|
mmlu_labeled
|
I don't think a day goes by when I don't think of my father. He died twenty-one years ago when I was twenty-six. He was a good man , but I hardly saw him around home, for he ran a big company. I secretly wished something could bring him closer to me. It wasn't until he became seriously ill that we really got to know each other and had a place in each other's lives. After his near death and many operations, I was trained as his nurse to take care of him. Although the job seemed boring and tiring in certain people's eyes, I liked it. Taking care of him seemed to reduce the pain of his absence from my younger life. I enjoyed his company and attention and, though through a sad situation, I was finally getting my fill . Now I am a dad myself, but certainly not a _ as my father. Although I work away from my home, I always have my meals with my family. Father's Day is coming I still have the pencil holder made from a decorated tin sitting on my desk. It's a gift from my only son. Each year, the gift is something different and each year, I couldn't care less about the gift itself. You see, the gift I enjoy is the pleasure of my son's company and knowing that we have a place in each other's lives. At heart , all men know their fathers are important. Want a great Father's Day? Tell your dad you love him and give your kid a hug today-before Father's Day actually arrives. From the passage, we can learn that _ .
|
[
"the writer now seldom receives presents on Father's Day",
"the writer gets along well with his only son",
"the writer's son only thinks of him on Father's Day",
"the pencil holder is the best present that the writer has received"
] | 1B
|
human_sexuality
|
mmlu_labeled
|
CHICAGO (Reuters) - Smoking not only can wrinkle the face and turn it yellow -- it can do the same to the whole body, researchers reported on Monday. The study, published in the Archives of Dermatology, shows that smoking affects the skin all over the body -- even skin protected from the sun. "We examined non-facial skin that was protected from the sun, and found that the total number of packs of cigarettes smoked per day and the total years a person has smoked were linked with the amount of skin damage a person experienced," Dr. Yolanda Helfrich of the University of Michigan, who led the study, said in a statement. "In participants older than 65 years, smokers had significantly more fine wrinkling than nonsmokers. Similar findings were seen in participants aged 45 to 65 years," Helfrich's team added in their report. The researchers tested 82 people, smokers and nonsmokers, taking pictures of the inner right arms. They ranged in age from 22 to 91 and half were smokers. Independent judges decided how wrinkled each person's skin was. When skin is exposed to sunlight, notably the face, it becomes coarse, wrinkled and discolored with a pale yellow tint, Helfrich's team wrote. Several previous studies have found that cigarette smoking contributes to premature skin aging as measured by facial wrinkles, the study said, but little has been done to measure the aging of skin not exposed to light. The report did not discuss the mechanism involved but previous research has found that cigarette smoke, among other things, causes blood vessels beneath the skin to constrict , reducing blood supply to the skin. Smoking can also damage the connective tissue that supports both the skin and the internal organs. The main purpose of the passage is to _ .
|
[
"inform people about the result of the study",
"advise people how to protect skin",
"warn people not to smoke again",
"introduce a new way of avoiding skin aging"
] | 2C
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
There have always been a lot of commonly believed but exercise. Some people believe that they can't help putting on hold that if they stop exercising, their muscles will turn into fat. Here are some more myths: false ideas about being fat and doing weight as they get older, while others I'll never lose weightI come from a fat family Wrong! While we can't change the body type we are bom with, we can't blame our genes for making us fat. There's plenty of evidence that fatness runs in families, and the main reason is that they share the same habits of eating too much and exercising too little. I am fat because I burn calories slowly Wrong! Fatness is not caused by a slow metabolism . In fact, although fat people consume more energy than slim people,they also fail to realize how much they eat! Keeping a diary can help you work out your daily food intake more accurately. Exercise is boring Wrong! Anything will become boring if you do it repetitively. The key is to develop a balanced and varied program thafs fun as well as progressive. If you enjoy a Sunday walk,take a different route. If you do yoga,try a tai chi class. If you like swimming, set yourself a distance or time challenge. No pain, no gain Wrong! Exercise is not meant to hurt. Indeed, pain is your body telling you something's wrong, and continuing to exercise could lead to serious injury. You may experience mild discomfort as you begin to exercise regularly, but this is your body adapting to the positive changes in your lifestyle and the aches should disappear relatively quickly. If they don't, rest and seek medical advice. What is the author's opinion about "No pain, no gain" in exercising?
|
[
"Keeping fit is essentially a painful experience.",
"Exercise should be stopped if continuous pain is felt.",
"Pain in exercise is a precondition for reaching your goal.",
"Getting used to pain leads to positive changes in your body."
] | 1B
|
nutrition
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Select the one substance that is not a rock.
|
[
"Diorite is formed in nature. It is a solid.",
"Quartzite is formed in nature. It is a solid.",
"Ceramic is made in a factory. It is a solid."
] | 2C
|
natural science
|
scienceqa
|
One August afternoon, Richard Allen dropped off his last passenger, Mrs. Carey. Lifting two grocery bags, he followed her across the yard and stood on the step of her house. Glancing up, he saw a large wasp nest under the roof. Allen had heard that wasps can become more likely to sting(sting, stung, stung)in summer. He mentioned this to Mrs. Carey, who had opened the door. "Oh, they don't bother me," she said lightly. "I go in and out all the time." Anxiously, Allen looked at the nest again-to see the wasps flying straight at him. "Hurry!" he shouted to Mrs. Carey. "Get in!" She stepped quickly inside. Allen ran for his mini-bus. Too late; they were upon him. Just as he jumped aboard, half a dozen red spots showed on his arm, and he felt more on his back and shoulders. As he was driving down the road, Allen felt as if something was burning at the back of his neck, and the "fire" was spreading forward toward his face. An immediate anxiety took hold of him. Allen knew that stings could cause some persons to die. But he had been stung the previous summer and the after-effects soon passed. However, what he didn't know was that the first sting had turned his body into a time bomb waiting for the next to set off an explosion. Miles from the nearest medical assistance, Allen began to feel his tongue thick and heavy and his heartbeat louder. Most frightening, he felt his breathing more and more difficult. He reached for the radio mike ,trying to call the mini-bus center, but his words were hardly understandable. Signals were also poor that far out. He knew a rescue team was on 24-hour duty at the Amherst Fire Department's north station. So his best chance was to make a run for it. Rushing down the mountain, Allen tried not to panic, focusing his mind on each sharp turn. He was almost through the last of them when he felt sure he was going into shock .Just then he reached for the radio mike again. "Call fire station," he shouted, concentrating to form the words. "Emergency. Bee sting. Emergency. There in ten minutes." "Five-ten," the center replied. Hold on, Allen thought. Keep your eyes open. Breathe. Keep awake. At last he reached the station. Two firemen ran out. Allen felt their hands grasp him before he hit the ground. You made it, he thought. Allen didn't know that if stung by wasps again, he would _ .
|
[
"have no after-effects",
"suffer from sharper pain",
"become more sensitive",
"surely lose his life"
] | 3D
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Bean and other seed shoots are also known as sprouts . The dry bean seeds contain a store of nutrients just waiting to be released when they sprout. Under the right conditions they will germinate . As they grow, the food value of the seeds is multiplied into vitamins, minerals and other nutrients. This happens almost overnight! It is easy to grow your own sprouts, but you need to buy your seeds from supermarkets or health food stores. Seeds for planting in the garden are often powdered with chemicals, so when becoming sprouts they are not safe to eat. Try growing sprouts from a variety of beans and seeds. You will find different sprouts at different stages. Bean sprouts are best when they are about three centimeters long. Wheat and sunflower sprouts taste best when the sprouts and the seeds are of the same length. If the sunflower sprout is too long it leaves a funny stinging feeling in the throat after eating. Alfalfa sprouts are best when their small leaves are well developed. Pea and soybean sprouts are good long or short. If you leave your sprouts in filtered sunlight for a few hours, the leaves will turn green as chlorophyll is added. Eating sprouts with green leaves benefits your blood, cells, and the digestive system. Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage?
|
[
"Sprouts of seeds for planting in the garden may not be safe to eat.",
"Alfalfa sprouts taste best when their small leaves are more fully grown.",
"All sprouts taste best during the early stage of their growth.",
"Sunlight will make the leaves of sprouts green."
] | 2C
|
nutrition
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Do you often play with your pet dog or cat? Do you like touching animals like rabbits? They are cute. But someimes they may bite you. Then you could get a terrible disease--rabies. In China, 2,245 people got rabies in the first nine months of 2007. In September, 318 people died of rabies. Dogs, cats, rabbits and bats may have rabies. If they bite or scratch someone, the virus of rabies could go into the person's body. The person could even die. It's important to get the right _ very soon. Every year, more than 50,000 people aound the world die of rabies. Most of them are from poor countries. India has the most death . China is the second. ,. Rabies is the name of _ .
|
[
"a book",
"a man",
"a pet",
"a disease"
] | 3D
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
A firm handshake could be a sign of a longer life expectancy , according to British researchers. Scientists at the Medical Research Council found that elderly people who could still give a firm handshake and walk at a quick pace were likely to outlive their slower peers. They found simple measures of physical capability like shaking hands, walking, getting up from a chair and balancing on one leg were related to the life expectancy, even after accounting for age, sex and body size. The study is the first to provide a comprehensive view of the existing data from 33 studies. "These measures have been used in population-based research for quite a long time," said Rachel Cooper of the Medical Research Council's Unit for Lifelong Health and Aging. "They may be useful indicators for subsequent health." Cooper, whose study appears in the British Medical Journal, said more studies are needed to clarify whether the measures would be helpful to doctors as a screening tool. "I wouldn't suggest that we roll them out into clinical practice tomorrow, but it is possible that they could be used in the future," she told the media. The researchers examined 33 studies involving tens of thousands of people, most of whom were aged over 60 but living in the community rather than in hospital or care homes. The researchers found that those with the strongest hand grasps tended to live longer than those with weak grips. The death rate over the period of the studies for people with weak handshakes was 67 percent higher than for people with a firm grip. The slowest walkers were nearly three times more likely to die during the study period than swifter walkers. The people who were slowest to get up from a chair had about double the death rate compared to the quick risers. "Those people in the general population who have higher physical capability levels are likely to live longer," Cooper said. What can be inferred from the passage?
|
[
"People who walk quickly and shake hands firmly have a lower death rate.",
"People with the strongest hand grasp are more outgoing.",
"Most of the people who received the study live in the community.",
"People who always sit are more likely to die than those who stand."
] | 0A
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Thank you for trusting me. I enjoy exchanging my ideas with yours The first thing I want to tell you is that if the boys are calling you names it is their fault, not yours. Boys, at your age, are different from girls. They are trying to prove that they are manly and then often do this by picking on someone who can't really fight back. This is, of course, wrong but it happens. In general, the boys know they are bigger and stronger than you are, so they can make fun of you and make you cry and then laugh about it. If you let them see that they are hurting you, they will only do it more. It isn't that they want to hurt you; they simply want to make themselves feel superior . It's stupid, but it is common. In English we say " sticks and stones may break my bones but names will never hurt me." Canadian children learn this from their mothers because the same thing that is happening to you in China also happens here. The best ways of getting the boys to stop calling your names is to simply ignore them, knowing that the names can't hurt you and that the boys are being stupid. If you can laugh at them they will get tired of trying to make you cry and they'll give up. It won't be easy, but, trust me, it will work. There is also something else working in your favor and that is that you are growing up and the boys are beginning to notice you as a young woman. I suspect some of them actually like you and are making fun of you just to get your attention. Again, it's stupid but it happens. In reality, you can control this situation by not letting them see you getting hurt. Laugh at them, tell them they're acting like children and they should grow up and then walk away with your head held high. One more thing, Nancy. It is very important that you stop hurting yourself. If someone else hurts you, it is bad enough but you should't make it worse by then hurting yourself. Even sticking a pen into your finger can cause an infection and give you a lot of trouble and besides, it hurts. The next time you are disturbed by a group of stupid boys, write to me. You and I can talk about anything you like; about China, about Canada, about travel, anything. Having a conversation with me is better than sticking holes in your fingers, at least I hope it is. It can be learned from the passage that the writer is _ .
|
[
"a Canadian",
"an Englishman",
"Nancy's schoolmate",
"Nancy's father"
] | 0A
|
human_sexuality
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Every heard the old saying, "An apple a day keeps the doctor away"? It is true! Apples have a lot of nutritional value! A medium sized apple has only 80 calories . What a great snack choice! Not only is an apple low in calories, they contain absolutely no fat. Thus, eating apples as snacks, as opposed to chips or cakes, will help reduce the risk of cancer. On top of reducing the risk of cancer, the low sodium amounts in apples also help reduce high blood pressure and heart disease. They are cholesterol free. They are also rich in vitamin A, which helps strengthen vision along with bone and tooth development. Now that we know the nutritional facts, let's take a look at some of the fun facts--That's right! Apples can be fun, as well as healthy! If an apple is fresh, it will float on water. Twenty-five percent of an apple is air, thus allowing it to float. Can you imagine bobbing for apples that sink? And, did you know that an apple is covered with a natural layer of wax ? That's what the peeling is. It protects the apple's high water content, keeping the apple fresh. Apples are a very important part of a healthy diet, but keep in mind they can be fun. And always remember, if an apple sinks in water, pick another one to bob for! Why do apples stay fresh for a long time?
|
[
"Because they contain much water.",
"Because they have peeling with a layer of wax.",
"Because they contain much air.",
"Because they have peeling with nutritional value."
] | 1B
|
nutrition
|
mmlu_labeled
|
We thought we had it all---a beautiful house, three healthy children and one more on the way, two cars, a couple of four-wheelers for entertainment---and we loved it. Then, the market turned and my husband's job at a construction company was gone. The company was closing down for good.We both started looking for jobs right away, but there weren't any to be found. With each passing day we were getting increasingly worried and we continued to work together in order to pull our family through. _ I felt feelings of admiration for my husband that I hadn't felt in years. That's why it was so hard for me to watch him blame himself for our present situation. I continually asked him to stop, but he seemed to want to punish himself for not having a job. Finally, one afternoon I pulled him aside and said, "We have four healthy children and each other. That's what's important. That makes you a rich man." " But what if we lose the house? They'll hate me--you'll hate me," he replied. I smiled at him and put my hands on both sides of his face to make him look me in the eye. "No matter where we live I will be happy -as long as I have you." I smiled again. In all the struggling together I had found that deep love for him that I had on the day we said "I do". I could see his shoulders and neck relaxed. He held me close and we were able to talk and plan and dream together in a way that we hadn't for quite some time. It was a turning point for us as a couple and a family. We are still struggling for out better life, but I consider us well-off because we have something that money can't buy and no one can take away from us. Which of the following can best describe their present life?
|
[
"Bitter but easy.",
"Comfortable and happy.",
"Hard but warm.",
"Well-off and relaxing."
] | 2C
|
human_sexuality
|
mmlu_labeled
|
At the beginning of every year we promise ourselves we will live a healthier life, and exercise more. The year tarts with the best of intentions, but many times we are unable to keep up with very high goals. Good news is that a healthy lifestyle is achievable and it's all about making small changes that make a difference. News on healthy lifestyles says that the key is moderation and consistency. There are so many health and well-being products out there in the market promising many things. And although many may be true, select carefully. The basics of a healthy lifestyle is maintaining a balanced diet and doing regular exercise. By eating well, it means really to make sure you include plenty of vegetables and fruit preferably in season in your diet, avoid fried and junk foods and foods high in sugar as well as processed foods. Eating fresh homemade meals rather than ready-made meals which are high in salt and sugar is always the better option. Reducing alcohol intake, drinking plenty of water and supplementing your diet with healthy snacks like nuts and seeds. For external care choose natural skin care products and hair care oil. Natural beauty care involves using natural moisturizers like Argan oil, Coconut oil and Sweet Almond oil. These nourish the skin far more than counter creams full of chemicals. Skin reflects what we put inside of us, so a healthy diet with plenty of greens and healthy protein will make your skin brighter. Of course exercise is essential but the key is regular and consistent exercise. So walking three times a week for 45 minutes is much more beneficial than a binge workout once a week. What does the passage mainly talk about?
|
[
"How to achieve our goals.",
"The best way to take exercise.",
"How to make a difference in life.",
"Suggestions for a healthy lifestyle."
] | 3D
|
nutrition
|
mmlu_labeled
|
American nutrition expert Professor Barry Popkin says that the number of overweight people in the world is now bigger than the number of people who don't have enough to eat. A billion people worldwide now weigh too much and the number of obese people is now more than 300 million. "Obese" means at least 15 kilos heavier than you should be. However, there are also 800 million people in the world who don't have enough to eat. Professor Popkin says that the number of hungry people is falling slowly but the number of overweight people is rising fast. The main reasons for this are: * People are doing less hard physical work * More people worldwide now eat too much fatty food * Too many people are driving cars instead of walking * People spend too much time in front of a television The United States has the highest rate of obesity in the developed world and Japan has the lowest. Professor Benjamin Senauer is absolutely certain of the reasons for this. "Japanese people are fit. They use public transport and walk," he said. "The average American drives to work and drives to supermarket. When he gets home, he sits on a couch in front of the TV and eats junk food." In Britain and many other European countries, there are three times as many obese people as there were 20 years ago. About two thirds of British adults are overweight or obese. "The effects of this are clear," said London doctor Elena Power. "We have more illnesses related to weight and fewer fit people. China used to be one of the slimmest nations in the world. However, Professor Wu Yangfeng from the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences in Beijing recently estimated that 20 percent of the world's overweight people live in China. The Chinese government is especially worried about the increase in obesity among schoolchildren. "We have a serious problem," said Professor Wu. "It requires an improvement from everyone, or it will get worse. Professor Popkin probably agrees that _ .
|
[
"walking to work helps people keep fit.",
"watching TV makes people put on weight",
"eating food without fat helps people keep fit",
"working in offices makes people put on weight"
] | 0A
|
nutrition
|
mmlu_labeled
|
What information supports the conclusion that Rosa inherited this trait?
|
[
"Some people use a hair dryer to straighten their hair. But Rosa and her brothers have naturally straight hair.",
"Both of Rosa's biological parents have naturally black hair.",
"When she was younger, Rosa wore ribbons in her naturally black hair."
] | 1B
|
natural science
|
scienceqa
|
In the old days, children were familiar with birth and death as part of life. This is perhaps the first generation of American youngsters who have never been close by during the birth of a baby and have never experienced the death of a family member. Nowadays when people grow old, we often send them to nursing homes. When they get sick, we send them to a hospital, where children are forbidden to visit terminally ill patients - even when those patients are their parents. This deprives the dying patient of significant family members during the last few days of his and it deprives the children of an experience of death, which is an important learning experience. Some of my colleagues and I once interviewed and followed about 500 terminally ill patients in order to find out what they could teach us and how we could be of more benefit, not just to them but to the members of their families as well. We were most impressed by the fact that even those patients who were not told of their serious illness were aware of its possible result. It is important for family members, and doctors and nurses to understand these patients' communications in order to truly understand their needs, fears and fantasies. Most of our patients welcomed another human being with whom they could talk openly, honestly, and frankly about their trouble. Many of them shared with us their great need to be informed, to be kept up-to-date on their medical condition and to be told when the end was near. We found out that patients who had been dealt with openly and frankly were better able to deal with the coming of death and finally to reach a true stage of acceptance prior to death. Children in America today are deprived of the chance _ .
|
[
"to learn how to face death",
"to visit their family members",
"to look after patients",
"to have access to a hospital"
] | 0A
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
How long does it take to tie your shoes?
|
[
"25 hours",
"25 seconds"
] | 1B
|
natural science
|
scienceqa
|
Select the vertebrate.
|
[
"coral snake",
"monarch butterfly",
"castor bean tick",
"black widow spider"
] | 0A
|
natural science
|
scienceqa
|
Eight-year-old Bethany and seven-year-old Eliza are having a great time jumping around in the orchard of their home in a village near Penrith. They can play any time they like because they don't go to school. Instead, they are educated at home by their parents, Paul and Veronika Robinson. But they don't have lessons, have never used a timetable and learn only what and when they want to learn. "I want my kids to have freedom in their childhood, not spend it in an institution," says 37-year-old Veronika, "School is all about control and following the rules." Veronika and her 56-year-old husband Paul have never experienced the daily rush to get dressed and out of the door that is common in most households with school-aged children. "We get up at our leisure - usually around 8:30," says Veronika. "We might visit a friend, or go to the library, and on Tuesdays we shop at the market. In summer, we spend most of our time outside and the girls entertain themselves a lot." New research due to be published this spring reveals a very different picture of Britain's home educators. "Out of 297 families, 184 said that they never use a timetable," says Mike Fortune-Wood of Home Education UK. "Ninety per cent never or rarely use textbooks, and nearly all said that happiness, contentment and self-fulfillment were more important than academic achievement. Only 15% felt that planning what to learn was important." So far, so good. But what, you might ask, are the children actually learning? "It wasn't important to me that the girls could read by a certain age, but they both picked it up for themselves at around seven," says Robinson. "Weighing cooking ingredients uses maths, and making a shopping list teaches them to write. Observing five hens has taught the girls about survival of the fittest. " But what about when the children grow up? Can they go to university? The home educators' answer is they can if they want to. There are a variety of routes into higher education, but probably the most common is to join a local college. This is what Gus Harris-Reid has done. "I was educated at home all my life. I'd never had a lesson or been inside a classroom until I started GCSEs," says the 18-year-old. "I'm now studying for 4 A-levels at Exeter College. I've had no problem with the work or with fitting in." When asked to reflect on his experience of home education, his considered response is, "Like a permanent holiday, really!" Not a bad start for someone who plans to take a mechanical engineering degree next year. Why do the Robinsons not send their children to school?
|
[
"They think schools control children too much.",
"They do not like the courses taught in schools.",
"They want to teach their children skills by imitating .",
"They live in a remote area where there are no schools."
] | 0A
|
human_sexuality
|
mmlu_labeled
|
What do these two changes have in common?
rust forming on a metal gate
burning a candle
|
[
"Both are chemical changes.",
"Both are caused by heating.",
"Both are only physical changes.",
"Both are caused by cooling."
] | 0A
|
natural science
|
scienceqa
|
When she was a girl of sixteen and before she began to work in the store , Alice had dated a young man. The young man, named Ned Currie, was older than Alice. He was employed on the local newspaper and for a long time he went to see Alice almost every evening. Together the two walked under the trees through the streets of the town and talked of what they would do with their lives. Alice was then a very pretty girl and one night Ned took her into his arms and kissed her. He became excited and said things he did not intend to say and Alice, betrayed by her desire to have something beautiful come into her narrow life, also grew excited. She also talked. The outer crust of her life , all of her natural shyness and reserve, was torn away and she gave herself over to the emotions of love. When,late in the fall,Ned went away to Cleveland to try to get a place on a city newspaper and rise in the world , she wanted to go with him. _ she told him what was in her mind. "I will work and you can work,she said. "I don't want to tie you to a needless expense that will stop you making progress. Don't marry me now. We'll get along without that and we can be together. Even though we live in the same house, no one will say anything. In the city we'll be unknown and people will pay no attention to us." Ned was puzzled by his sweetheart's determination and was also deeply touched. He had wanted a girlfriend just to relieve the boredom of his life but had changed his mind. He now wanted to protect her and care for her. "You don't know what you're talking about,he said sharply; "I'll let you do no such thing. As soon as I get a good job , I'll come back. For the present you'll have to stay here. It's the only thing we can do. On the evening before he left Winesburg, Ned went to call on Alice. They walked about through the streets for an hour and then went for a drive in the country. The moon came up and they found themselves unable to talk. They stopped at a place where a long meadow ran down to the bank of Wine Creek and there in the dim light he kissed her and promised he would love her forever. When they returned to town, it did not seem to them that anything in the future could blot out the wonder and beauty of that evening. ''Now we will have to stick to each other; whatever happens, we will have to do that," Ned said as he left the girl at her father's door. He did not succeed in getting a place on a Cleveland newspaper and went west to Chicago. For a time he was lonely and wrote to Alice almost every day. Then he was caught up by the life of the city ;he began to make friends and found new interests in life. In Chicago he boarded at a house where there were several women. One of them attracted his attention and he forgot Alice in Winesburg. At the end of a year he had stopped writing letters, and only once in a long time when he was lonely or when he went into one of the city parks and saw the moon shining on the grass as it had shone that night on the meadow by Wine Creek did he think of her at all. Ned wrote to Alice almost every day because he .
|
[
"loved her very much",
"hoped she would join him in Chicago",
"did not have anything better to do",
"had a lot of interesting things to tell her"
] | 2C
|
human_sexuality
|
mmlu_labeled
|
When you're not at home,many worries may start to crowd your mind.Did I turn the coffee maker off?Did I lock the door?Are the kids doing their homework or watching television?With a smart home,you can quiet all of these worries. A smart home is a home with a communication network.This network connects devices ,such as lights and TV sets,and allows them to be controlled from far away through electrical wiring,mobile phone communication or WiFi over the internet. More and more people may start to consider owning a smart home,because it makes life much more convenient.It can help keep your room at a certain temperature.It can record what happens inside the home and send the video to your phone.When you are on vacation abroad,you can use a smart home controller to switch on or off the electricity when necessary.Some smart homes can receive a visitor,allowing him to come in and offering him a drink.They can even feed the cat and water the plants. Besides,smart homes are easy to fix.Most smart home technology and devices are wireless and can be set up with a minimum of tools,using only the guiding information.When a problem appears,you can deal with it yourself without paying a professional. However,for home-users,the smart home technology is far from perfect.It can be rather expensive to own the technology and the devices.Also,because the smart home system allow its owner to get home information from anywhere,it leaves the home easy to be attacked by hackers ,who may secretly use or change the information in the system. Now,many scientists are excited at the future of smart home technology.Imagine being able to get fashion advice from your mirror,or receive food shopping suggestions from your refrigerator.While there are others who worry that those smart devices will make people lazier and lonelier.Whatever it is,one thing is for sure---smart home technology will change the way we live and work. Which of the following is TRUE about a smart home according to the passage?
|
[
"Smart homes can't help feed pets nowadays.",
"Smart homes costs a lot of money at present.",
"You can't control your smart home in other countries.",
"It's hard for hackers to get information from smart homes."
] | 1B
|
computer_security
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Select the one animal that has all of the fish traits listed above.
|
[
"European flounders have a flat body and fins. They spend most of their time lying flat on the ocean floor. Both of their eyes are on the top of their head. European flounders have scaly skin and lay eggs with no shells.",
"American tree sparrows have a beak and lay eggs with shells. They have dark feathers on their wings and lighter feathers on other parts of their bodies. Male tree sparrows sing songs to attract mates."
] | 0A
|
natural science
|
scienceqa
|
Materials combine chemically or physically. Which materials form a new substance when chemically combined?
|
[
"salt and pepper",
"water and sugar",
"iron nails and pennies",
"baking soda and vinegar"
] | 3D
|
natural_science
|
ai2_arc_challenge
|
Which property of an object can be described as smooth?
|
[
"color",
"odor",
"size",
"texture"
] | 3D
|
high_school_physics
|
mmlu_labeled
|
What is an example of a shelter in an ecosystem?
|
[
"a gray squirrel eating an acorn",
"a raccoon in a hollow log",
"a blue whale migrating",
"a tick feeding on a coyote"
] | 1B
|
high_school_biology
|
mmlu_labeled
|
What is the volume of a salt shaker?
|
[
"49 milliliters",
"49 liters"
] | 0A
|
natural science
|
scienceqa
|
Leopards live in many parts of the world, from Siberia to Africa. They have a very beautiful yellow skin with large black spots. They live for about 15 years and eat small mammals such as zebras, monkeys, and antelopes .They sleep for about 12 hours a day . Leopards are very solitary animals. They spend most of their time alone in trees, where they wait until a small animal passes. They jump on the animal and then drag it up into the tree, where they eat it. Like many animals, leopards are disappearing because people hunt them. They kill them for their beautiful coats. The Sinai leopard, for example, from Egypt, is now probably extinct . Leopards _ .
|
[
"live in family groups",
"live alone",
"live together",
"live with other animals"
] | 1B
|
college_biology
|
mmlu_labeled
|
We live in a sweet world. The average American kid eats more than 20 teaspoons of sugar per day, and adults eat 50% more sugar today than they did in the 1970s. We all know that too much sugar isn't good for you. But did we know it could be dangerous? A team of researchers at the University of Utah used mice to do a study on the bad effects of sugar. They found it could have serious effects on people's health. Sugar is found not only in sweets and candies, but also in many household items like pasta and crackers. During the 58-week-long study, mice were fed a diet containing 25% more sugar. This percentage equals a healthy human diet along with three cans of soda daily. The team found that these mice were twice as likely to die as mice fed a similar diet without the sugar. Though the mice did not show signs of obesity or high blood pressure, male mice produced 25% fewer offspring than the other mice. Scientists often use mice for research because they have a similar genetic structure to humans. "Since most substances that are dangerous in mice are also dangerous in people, it's likely that those physical problems that cause those mice to have increased deaths also work in people,"says study author James Ruff of the University of Utah. Findings from this study show bad effects that are not as noticeable as weight gain or heart problems. Sugar can contribute to long-term changes in the body that can change development and even shorten lives. Cutting sugar out of the American diet altogether may be difficult. But making the effort to control our nation's sugar need will provide for a truly sweeter future. According to the study, which of the following statements is wrong?
|
[
"Sugar can even shorten lives.",
"Sugar's bad effects are not noticeable.",
"Eating much more sugar can make mice put on weight and get high blood pressure.",
"Mice are more likely to die when fed a diet containing 25% more sugar."
] | 2C
|
nutrition
|
mmlu_labeled
|
What information supports the conclusion that Danny acquired this trait?
|
[
"Danny's scar is on his left knee. His mother also has a scar on her left knee.",
"Danny's brother has scars on both of his knees.",
"Danny's scar was caused by an accident. He cut his leg when he fell off his skateboard."
] | 2C
|
natural science
|
scienceqa
|
Compare the motion of three sailboats. Which sailboat was moving at the lowest speed?
|
[
"a sailboat that moved 80kilometers west in 5hours",
"a sailboat that moved 40kilometers north in 5hours",
"a sailboat that moved 35kilometers north in 5hours"
] | 2C
|
natural science
|
scienceqa
|
I was in my first year of college, making friends and enjoying life, but then my whole world turned upside down. I had a heart attack. It felt like someone was stabbing me in the chest with a knife over and over again. After three months of rest I went back to college, but then things took a turn for the worse. I was staying at my Nana's house and woke up in the middle of the night with a terrible pain in my chest. I knew I was having a heart attack again. I couldn't even shout for help. Luckily my grandpa was going to the toilet and heard me falling out of bed. If it wasn't for him, I probably wouldn't be here. The two holes in my heart were causing the problems and I needed an operation immediately to repair them. Unfortunately, the surgery didn't go well and they only managed to repair one of the holes. When I woke up from the operation, I had a really dry mouth and couldn't wait to have something to eat and drink. The biggest shock of all came when I was told that I needed a heart transplant and was put on the register. The doctors were stunned at how quickly heart failure came on - it usually takes years, but it took my heart less than six months to get to that stage. My whole world came crashing down, but I stayed strong. It was a choice between crying every day and getting on with my life. As time went on, life became even harder. I hated feeling weak all the time and needing help with everything. It got to the point where I thought I would never get a new heart. I was diagnosed with depression. Even though I thought that Christmas 2008 would be my last, I really enjoyed it and even had a good New Year. Everyone was crying for me when the clock struck midnight and they told me to keep fighting. A week later, I got a call from the doctors saying they'd found a suitable donor . My wish came true and thankfully the operation went well. I spent four hours in surgery where they took out my old heart and put a new one in. When I woke up I burst out crying. I had a second chance at life. At the beginning of 2009, the author _ .
|
[
"was convinced that the past Christmas had been his last",
"felt blessed and grateful for his second chance at life",
"received a heart transplant but the operation didn't go well",
"felt hopeless all the time and was diagnosed with depression"
] | 1B
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Certain people make you feel comfortable when they are around. You spend an hour with them and feel as if you've known them half your life. These people have something in common. And once you know what it is, we can try to do it ourselves. How is it done? Here are several skills that good talkers have. If you follow the skills, they will help you to put people at their ease, and make friends with them quickly. First of all, good talkers have asked questions. Almost anyone, no matter how shy he is, will answer a question. One well-known businesswoman says, "At business lunches, I always ask people what they did that morning. It's a common question, but it will get things going." From there you can move on to other matters ----sometimes to really personal questions. And how he answers will let you know how far you can go. Second, once good talkers have asked questions, they listen for the answers. This point seems clear, but it isn't. Your question should have a point and help to tell what sort of person you are talking to. And to find out, you really have to listen carefully and attentively. Real listening at least means some things. First it means not to change the subject of conversation. If someone sticks to one topic, you can take it as a fact that he is really interested in it. Real listening also means not just listening to words, but to the tone of voice. If the voice sounds dull, then it's time for you to change the subject. Finally, good talkers know well how to deal with the occasion of parting. If you're saying goodbye, you may give him a firm shakehand and say, "I've really enjoyed meeting you." If you want to see that person again, don't keep it a secret. Let people know what you feel, and they may walk away feeling as if they've known you half their lives. After asking somebody a question, you should _ .
|
[
"make it clear what is fit to ask next",
"wait quietly for his answers",
"go on to ask more questions",
"change the subject to another one"
] | 0A
|
human_sexuality
|
mmlu_labeled
|
A marble is dropped in a glass of water. Which force pulls the marble to the bottom of the glass?
|
[
"electricity",
"friction",
"gravity",
"magnetism"
] | 2C
|
college_physics
|
mmlu_labeled
|
When we look at the moon through a telescope , we can see lines and circles . People used to think that this was the moon's face and that there was a man in the moon! This is not true. There is no man in the moon. What do we know about the moon? First of all, the moon is much smaller than the earth. Days and nights on the moon are very long. One day on the moon is as long as two weeks on the earth. One night is also as long as two weeks on the earth. In the daytime the moon is very hot and at night is very cold. Now we know _ .
|
[
"some facts about the moon",
"nothing about the moon",
"little about the moon",
"few facts about the moon"
] | 0A
|
astronomy
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Miguel was conducting an experiment. He wrote the following sentences in his notebook: The starting temperature of the water was 10 degrees Celsius. An object weighing 5 grams was placed in the water. The temperature of the water increased to 15 degrees. The object must have been hotter than 10 degrees. In which sentence did Miguel make an inference?
|
[
"sentence 1",
"sentence 2",
"sentence 3",
"sentence 4"
] | 3D
|
college_physics
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Select the gas.
|
[
"rain",
"baseball cap",
"air inside a tire",
"ring"
] | 2C
|
natural science
|
scienceqa
|
Which of following is a property shared by the elements in the carbon family?
|
[
"an atomic number of 6",
"an atomic mass of 12",
"the same electron configuration",
"the number of valence electrons"
] | 3D
|
college_chemistry
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Select the liquid.
|
[
"water from a faucet",
"stone statue",
"book",
"arrowhead"
] | 0A
|
natural science
|
scienceqa
|
Most people regard zoos as safe places for animals, where struggles such as difficulty finding food and avoiding predators don't exist. Without such problems, animals in zoos should live to a ripe old age. But that may not be true for the largest land animals on Earth. Scientists have known that elephants in zoos often develop diseases, joint problems and behavior changes. Sometimes, they even become unable to have babies. To learn more about how captivity affects elephants, a team of international scientists led by Mason, a biologist, compared the life spans of female elephants born in zoos with female elephants living outdoors in the wild. Zoos keep detailed records of all the animals in their care, documenting factors such as birth dates, illnesses, weight and death. These records made it possible for the researchers to analyze 40 years of data on 800 elephants in zoos. The team found that female elephants born in zoos lived an average of 16.9 years. Their wild counterparts who died of natural causes lived an average of 56 years----more than three times as long. Scientists don't yet know for sure why wild elephants seem to live so much better than their zoo-raised counterparts. Mason thinks stress and obesity may be to blame. Zoo elephants don't get the same kind of exercise as they do in the wild, and most are very fat. Elephant social lives are also much different in zoos than in the wild, where they live in large groups. Another finding from the study showed that elephants born in zoos were more likely to die earlier than elephants captured in the wild and brought to zoos. Mason suggests stress in the mothers in zoos might cause them to have babies that are less likely to survive. The study raises some questions about acquiring more elephants to keep in zoos. While some threatened and endangered species living in zoos reproduce successfully and keep healthy populations, that doesn't appear to be the case with elephants. Which of the following can be the best title?
|
[
"Comparison between two species of elephants",
"Longer lives for wild elephants",
"Female elephants suffer from poor health.",
"Longer lives for zoo animals."
] | 1B
|
college_biology
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Health and climate scientists have mapped how climate change affects different parts of the world in different ways. The scientists point to the fact that changes in the past thirty years may, have been affecting human health. Possible effects include more deaths from extreme heat or cold, more storms and more crop failures in dry periods. The health and climate scientists recently estimated that climate changes caused by human activity lead to more than one hundred and fifty thousand deaths each year. Cases of sickness are estimated at five million. And the W.H.O. says the numbers could rise quickly by the year of 2003. Jonathan Patz of an environmental institute led the study. Professor Patz points out that climate scientists connected global warming with the heat that killed thousands in Europe in August, 2003. But he says poor countries least responsible(......) for the warming are most in danger from the health effects of higher temperatures. Professor Patz says areas in greatest danger include southern and eastern Africa and coastlines along the Pacific and Indian oceans. Also, large cities experience what scientists call a "heat island"effect that can make conditions worse. Representatives from about two hundred countries hold a meeting in Canada, to discuss climate change. The ten-day meeting ends on December 9th. It is the first such United Nations meeting since the Kyoto Protocol took effect earlier this year. The agreement aims to reduce the amount of carbon dioxide and other heat-trapping gases sent off into the air. We can infer from the passage that _ .
|
[
"climate changes are having a bad effect on human's health",
"Professor Patz leads the study of climate changes",
"a \"heat island\"effect large cities experience makes the matter worse",
"rich countries are most responsible for climate changes"
] | 3D
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Against the supposition that forest fires in Alaska, Canada and Siberia warm the climate, scientists have discovered that cooling may occur in areas where burnt trees allow more snow to mirror more sunlight into space. This finding suggests that taking steps to prevent northern forest fires to limit the release of greenhouse gases may warm the climate in northern regions. Usually large fires destroyed forests in these areas over the past decade. Scientists predict that with climate warming, fires may occur more frequently over the next several centuries as a result of a longer fire season. Sunlight taken in by the earth tends to cause warming, while heat mirrored back into space tends to cause cooling. This is the first study to analyze all aspects of how northern fires influence climate. Earlier studies by other scientists have suggested that fire in northern regions speed up climate warming because greenhouse gases from burning trees and plants are released into the atmosphere and thus trap heat. Scientists found that right after the fire, large amounts of greenhouse gases entered the atmosphere and caused warming. Ozone levels increased, and ash from the fire fell on far-off sea ice, darkening the surface and causing more radiation from the sun to be taken in. The following spring, however, the land within the area of the fire was brighter than before the fire, because fewer trees covered the ground. Snow on the ground mirrored more sunlight back into space, leading to cooling. "We need to find out all possible ways to reduce the growth of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere." Scientists tracked the change in the amount of radiation entering and leaving the climate system as a result of the fire, and found a measurement closely related to the global air temperature. Typically, fire in northern regions occurs in the same area every 80 to 150 years. Scientists, however, found that when fire occurs more frequently, more radiation is lost from the earth and cooling results. Specifically, they determined when fire returns 20 years earlier than predicted, 0.5 watts per square meter of area burned are _ by the earth from greenhouse gases, but 0.9 watts per square meter will be sent back into space. The net effect is cooling. Watts are used to measure the rate at which energy is gained or lost from the earth. .The following are all the immediate effects after a forest fire EXCEPT _ .
|
[
"large amounts of greenhouse gases enter the atmosphere",
"the levels of ozone which is a type of oxygen increase",
"snow on the ground mirrors more sunlight back into space",
"ashes from the fire fall on the ice surface and take in more radiation from the sun"
] | 2C
|
astronomy
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Light travels at a speed which is about a million times faster than the speed of sound. In one second, light travels about 300,000km, but sound travels only 344m. You can get some idea of this difference by watching the start of a race. If you stand some distance away from the starter, you can see smoke come from his gun before the sound reaches your ears. This great speed of light produces some strange facts. Sunlight takes about 8 minutes to reach us. If you look at the light of the moon tonight, remember that the light rays left the moon 1.3 seconds before they reached you. The nearest star is so far away that the light which you can see from it tonight started to travel towards you four years ago at a speed of nearly 2 million km per minute. In some cases the light from one of tonight's stars started on its journey to you before you were born. Thus, if we want to be honest, we cannot say " The stars are shining tonight." We have to say, " The stars look pretty. They were shining four years ago but their light has only just reached Earth." If you stand 200 meters away from a man who is firing a gun to start a race, you will find out that _ .
|
[
"you can hear the gun before you see the smoke.",
"sound does not travel as fast as light.",
"the sound of the gun will reach you before the man fires his gun.",
"sound travels about a million times faster than light."
] | 1B
|
college_physics
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Select the vertebrate.
|
[
"brown pelican",
"fly",
"banana slug",
"redback spider"
] | 0A
|
natural science
|
scienceqa
|
Which of these stars is most similar to the Sun?
|
[
"the red giant star Arcturus",
"the white dwarf star Sirius B",
"the main sequence star Alpha Mensae",
"the blue supergiant star Rigel"
] | 2C
|
natural_science
|
ai2_arc_challenge
|
The idea of being able to walk on water has long interested humans greatly. Sadly, biological facts prevent us ever accomplishing such a thing without artificial aid--we simply weigh too much, and all our mass pushes down through our relatively small feet, resulting in a lot of pressure that makes us sink. However, several types of animals can walk on water. One of the most interesting is the common basilisk. Basilicus, a lizard native to Central and South America. It can run across water for a distance of several meters, avoiding getting wet by rapidly hitting the water's surface with its feet. The lizard will take as many as 20 steps per second to keep moving forward. For humans to do this, we'd need huge feet that we could bring up to our ears in order to create adequate "hitting. " But fortunately there is an alternative: cornflour. By adding enough of this common thickening agent to water (and it does take a lot), you can create a "non-Newtonian" liquid that doesn't behave like normal water. Now, if the surface of the water is hit hard enough, particles in the water group together for a moment to make the surface hard. Move quickly enough and put enough force into each step, and you really can walk across the surface of an adequately thick liquid of cornflour. Fun though all this may sound, it's still rather messy and better read about in theory than carried out in practice, if you must do it, then keep the water wings handy in case you start to sink--and take a shower afterward! What is the function of the cornflour according to the passage?
|
[
"To create a thick liquid.",
"To turn the water into solid.",
"To help the liquid behave normally.",
"To enable the water to move rapidly."
] | 0A
|
college_chemistry
|
mmlu_labeled
|
In October 2013, Davion Only made an appeal on the Internet. He had learned that his biological mothr had died not long before. "My name is Davion and I've been in foster care since I was born," he said, "but I'm not giving up hope. " The heartbreaking appeal spread quickly, and Only's foster agency received calls from more than 10,000 people. Only ended up travelling to Ohio to live with a family. But after Only got into a physical fight with one of his elder would-be brothers, the family changed their minds. Back in Florida, Only passed through four different temporary homes over the following year, until he called Connie Going, his adoption case worker, to make a special request. Only had known Going for nearly ten years, and had asked every year if she would adopt him, but she always hesitated. "I always believed there was a better family than us out there," Going said in an interview. But last July, when Only called and asked again if she might adopt him, Going said something felt different. "When he asked me, my heart felt this ache and I just knew he was my son," she said. So Going, 52, invited Only to start spending time with the rest of her family-her two daughters, Sydney, 21, and Carly 17, and a son Taylor, 14, who she also adopted out of foster care. Eventually, after seeing how well the arrangement was working, Going, who had rented a bigger home, started adopting Only. Only moved in with her family last December.He officially joined Going's family on April 22, 2015 when the adoption papers went through. "Today, I feel blessed and honored to have been chosen to be the parent of all my children," Going said. By making the appeal, Davion Only hoped that
|
[
"service in his foster agency would improve",
"his biological mother would come to him",
"a foster agency would accept him",
"he would be adopted by a family"
] | 3D
|
human_sexuality
|
mmlu_labeled
|
What is the mass of a floor lamp?
|
[
"12 tons",
"12 pounds",
"12 ounces"
] | 1B
|
natural science
|
scienceqa
|
Select the vertebrate.
|
[
"green iguana",
"julia butterfly",
"black orb weaver spider",
"bull ant"
] | 0A
|
natural science
|
scienceqa
|
BEIJINCG, Feb.28, 2008 (Xinhua) -- China plans to carry out its first spacewalk in second half of the year, an official of the nation's manned space program said here on Thursday. The Shenzhou VII spacecraft will be launched from the Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center in the northwestern province of Gansu late in the year and the astronauts will leave their spaceship for the first time, the official told Xinhua. Compared with the previous two manned space flights, the upcoming Shenzhou VII space mission is more complex.Besides the spacewalk, the crew is also expected to perform extra-vehicular work such as fixing and tightening equipment.The spaceship will also release a small inspection satellite, which keeps an eye on its own performance. China may live broadcast the first ever spacewalk."The Shenzhou VII spaceship is able to live-broadcast the walk, but it has not been decided whether the spacewalk will be broadcast in a live or recorded version," the official told Xinhua. Breakthroughs have been made in significant techniques related to the spacewalk.Research into the development of spaceship and rockets has been going smoothly, and astronauts have undertaken extensive training, according to the official. The Shenzhou VII mission will start the second phase of China's three-stage space program.said the official. In the second stage, China plans further breakthroughs in manned space flight, such as space walks.In this phase, China will put into orbit a space laboratory staffed by humans for short periods and create a fully-equipped space engineering system. In the third stage, China will build a permanent space station and a space engineering system.Astronauts and scientists will travel between the Earth and the space station to conduct large-scale experiments. The news mainly tells its readers that _ .
|
[
"China intends to conduct a spacewalk for the first time",
"China plans to launch her third manned space flight",
"China tries to live broadcast her first-time spacewalk",
"China prepares to start her third-stage space program"
] | 0A
|
astronomy
|
mmlu_labeled
|
A decrease in air temperature from 60°F to 35°F would most likely cause a person to
|
[
"shiver",
"sweat",
"blink his eyes",
"feel sleepy"
] | 0A
|
college_physics
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Why would something appear blue?
|
[
"it reflects the same wavelength as fire",
"it reflects the same wavelength as coal",
"it reflects the same wavelength as the sun",
"it reflects the same wavelength as the sea"
] | 3D
|
college_physics
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Have you ever seen people dance? Some dances are fast and others are slow. People's feet always move when they dance. They keep on moving until the music stops. People have enjoyed dancing for a very long time. This story is of a different kind of dance. It is a dance without people or music. Yet this dance is one of the oldest in the world. It is the dance of bees. If you have ever watched bees, you know that they are very clever. They also work hard looking for food and bringing it back to their home. The home of the bees is called a bee hive. Here hundreds even thousand of bees live. They work day and night building small walls. There they make their honey. This is the same honey that we eat. Where does the honey come from? Bees live on food from flowers. Have you seen bees flying around a flower garden? When a bee rests on a flower, it tries to go to the centre of it. There it takes in as much food as its body can hold. Then it flies to take the food back to the hive. At the hive, bees change flower food into honey. Then they fly away for more food. How do the bees know where to find the best food in the sweetest flowers? One bee acts as a guide. When it discovers good flowers, it flies back to the hive and tells the others. It does this by dancing for them. The bee dances on one side. This tells the other bees which way to go to find the flowers. But that is not all. The bee dances for some time. And the length of its dance tells the other bees how far they must fly to reach the flowers. When the bees see the dance, they know where the flowers are. They fly away and return with more food for the hive. Sometimes we hear the music of the bees as they fly around. But few people have ever seen them dance. Yet without that dance we might never have sweet honey to eat. From this passage we know that the dance of bees means _ .
|
[
"They are good at dancing",
"they want to show their beauty",
"they communicate with each other",
"they have nothing to do"
] | 2C
|
college_biology
|
mmlu_labeled
|
How much time is required for a bicycle to travel a distance of 100 m at an average speed of 2 m/s?
|
[
"0.0",
"s B 50 s",
"100 s",
"200 s"
] | 1B
|
college_physics
|
mmlu_labeled
|
As a Red Giant forms it's gravity will
|
[
"grow",
"fluctuate",
"shrink",
"reverse"
] | 0A
|
astronomy
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Based on this information, what is Truffle's phenotype for the fur texture trait?
|
[
"straight fur",
"Ff"
] | 0A
|
natural science
|
scienceqa
|
Going to outer space is a little like going camping. You have to carry with you all the food and equipment you need for your trip, so your food can't be too heavy or hard to prepare. Plus, there are no refrigerators to keep food cold and fresh. Food with all the water dried out is lightweight and doesn't spoil. So, many space foods are dried on Earth and stored in special packets. Some taste good right out of the packet. On earth, gravity is the force that keeps your feet on the ground and your sandwich on your plate. But there's no gravity in space. To keep food from floating away, astronauts on the Space Shuttle attach the packets to a special tray. The tray can be fixed to a wall or to the astronaut's lap. To prepare their food, astronauts use liquid forms of salt and pepper. The liquid sticks to the food better. Regular salt and pepper would float away, maybe up an astronaut's nose. Liquids float right out of cups and glasses, though. So astronauts drink everything from a small bag with a straw that can be closed. Astronauts say that most space foods taste pretty good. Some, such as apples and pudding, are the same as the foods you eat on Earth. Astronauts eat tortillas instead of bread because they make fewer crumbs . Floating crumbs could get stuck in equipment or an astronaut's eye. Your body used food in space the same way it does on Earth. Your body must deal with waste in space too. During takeoff the landing, astronauts can't leave their seats to go to the bathroom. They wear diapers under their spacesuits instead. The Space Shuttle has a bathroom the size of a small closet. The toilet has bars that keep astronauts from floating away. A strong flow of air is used instead of water to flush waste down the toilet. Back on Earth it's flushed away-or sometimes studied by scientists. What do astronauts think of space foods?
|
[
"Most of them taste pleasant.",
"They are mostly fruits.",
"Most of them are rather cold.",
"They contain too little meat."
] | 0A
|
nutrition
|
mmlu_labeled
|
The income gap between China's rural and urban residents has continued to widen during the past few years in spite of rapidly rising rural incomes, Agricultural Minister Sun Zhengcai said here on Wednesday. The income ratio between urban and rural residents was 3.28:1 in 2006, against 3.23:1 in 2003, said Sun in his report on the promotion of building a new countryside in 2007. Sun also said the net income of rural residents in different regions also varied widely. The income gap is only one of several problems in rural areas, according to Sun's report. While listing the achievements in rural areas in recent years, Sun believed that rural development still followed behind urban development. "We have bigger pressure to ensure the supply of major agricultural products such as grain," he said. "China's urbanization has been speeded up and more rural residents have gone to urban areas," he said. "In this case, more agricultural producers become farm produce consumers, which created more pressure for supply," he said. Another problem facing China's agricultural development is _ application of science and technology. "Only 30 percent of scientific and technological achievements have been applied to agricultural production, which is 40 percentage points lower than developed countries," he said. Despite increased government spending in rural areas, the infrastructure is still poor and easily hit by disasters. According to Sun, the government spent 431.8 billion yuan ($59.15 billion) on agriculture, rural areas and farmers this year, an increase of 80.1 billion yuan over the previous year. China set aside 11.38 billion yuan to promote a new rural cooperative medical care system and 27.98 billion yuan to support the new compulsory education mechanism in rural area to ensure that all citizens shared the fruits of China's reform and opening-up, Sun said. Which is NOT the problem in rural areas?
|
[
"The income gap",
"The inadequate application of science and technology",
"The supply of major agricultural products",
"China's urbanization"
] | 3D
|
high_school_macroeconomics
|
mmlu_labeled
|
The Internet has got into all the fields of our life. We can study and work on it. We can find a job on it. We can communicate on it. We can treat friends on it. We can buy and sell on it. We can do almost everything on the Internet, and almost anywhere at any time. However, although the Internet provides services for us, it is silently getting our privacy to some degree. The services on most websites require our personal information. If we want to enjoy these services, we have to provide much of our information, including our names, sex, addresses, telephone numbers and sometimes bank accounts. Because weak network sometimes is unsafe, our information might be open, stolen or sold. Even sometimes _ will be used freely by others. Considering the above mentioned, you must pay attention to the safety of your information when using the Internet. First, when you need Internet service, you should always look through those big legal websites. Second, if the service requires important personal information, you should think twice before you type it in. Third, store your own important card key and don't tell others easily. What can we learn from the passage?
|
[
"Don't believe others if you don't know them.",
"Remember never use your ID Card on the Internet.",
"Never use the Internet in the future.",
"Pay attention to the safety of the information online."
] | 3D
|
computer_security
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Parents often avoid talking about the issue of media and kids because we don't know what to do. But we need to roll up our sleeves and get to work helping our kids make right and wise decisions about media. There are things you can do to improve the media health of your family. Take the television for example. The television is not a babysitter. Hopefully, parents are extremely careful about choosing a babysitter and day care for their children. Why are we not as careful in choosing the TV programs our kids watch? Know what shows your kids are watching on television. It is important to know the content of every program your child watches. As a rule, most programs will either work to reinforce your values or oppose them. This is why it is so important to be aware of a program's content. Don't put a television in their bedrooms. A television in your child's bedroom is a big no-no. You won't be able to monitor the content, and our kids may be drawn to their rooms. A television in the bedroom is a far too attractive temptation for your kids. Set limits on TV time. What are your guidelines, rules, and expectations for television viewing? Setting limits may be challenging, but if you insist, the results are well worth it. Talk with your kids about TV shows. All television is educational. The question is what does it teach? Watch television with your kids, and then discuss with them the themes and content afterward. You'll be surprised just how easy it is to turn a TV program or movie into a first-rate learning experience. Why should parents discuss what they have watched with kids according to the author?
|
[
"To create a comfortable atmosphere.",
"To spend their spare time with their children.",
"To teach children how to watch TV.",
"To turn the entertainment into learning."
] | 3D
|
human_sexuality
|
mmlu_labeled
|
There are three real numbers $x$ that are not in the domain of $$f(x) = \frac{1}{1+\frac{1}{1+\frac 1x}}.$$ What is the sum of those three numbers?
|
[
"0.5",
"0",
"-1",
"-1.5"
] | 3D
|
high_school_mathematics
|
mmlu
|
When you make soap bubbles, what is inside the bubbles?
|
[
"Air",
"Soap",
"Water",
"Nothing"
] | 0A
|
high_school_chemistry
|
mmlu_labeled
|
If someone is dying of liquid needs, they can hydrate the body by
|
[
"high temp snow",
"catching falling ash",
"visiting a valley",
"pray"
] | 0A
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Older people who have low expectations for a satisfying future may be more likely to live longer, healthier lives than those who see brighter days ahead, according to new research "Our findings showed that being overly optimistic in predicting a better future was associated with a greater risk of disability and death within the following decade," said Frieder R. Lang, the leading researcher of the University of Erlangen-Nuremberg in Germany." Pessimism about the future may encourage people to live more carefully, taking health and safety measures." Lang and colleagues examined data collected from 1993 to 2003 for the national German Socio-Economic Panel, an annual survey on approximately 40,000 people from 18 to 96 years old. The researchers divided the data according to age groups: 18 to 39 years old, 40 to 64 years old and 65 years old and above. Through mostly in-person interviews, the participants were asked to rate how satisfied they were with their lives and how satisfied they thought they would be in five years. Five years after the first interview, 43 percent of the oldest group had underestimated their future life satisfaction, 25 percent had predicted accurately and 32 percent had overestimated , according to the study. The researchers calculated that each increase in overestimating future life satisfaction was related to a 9.5 -percent increase in reporting disabilities and a 10- percent increase in risk of death. Because a darker outlook on the future is often more realistic, older adults' predictions of their future satisfaction may be more accurate, according to the study. In contrast, the youngest group had the sunniest outlook. "We argue, though, that the analysis may depend on age and available resources. These findings shed new light on how our perspectives can either help us take action or prevent us from taking action that can help improve our chances of a long, healthy life," Lang said. According to the study, older people predicted their life satisfaction more accurately because _ .
|
[
"they demanded less materially",
"they were more satisfied with their lives",
"they had a deeper insight into life",
"their outlook on the future was more realistic"
] | 3D
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Which is a characteristic of a sperm cell but not of an egg cell?
|
[
"round shape",
"presence of a tail",
"contains genetic information",
"involved in sexual reproduction"
] | 1B
|
college_biology
|
mmlu_labeled
|
What is the volume of a teakettle?
|
[
"8 fluid ounces",
"8 gallons",
"8 cups"
] | 2C
|
natural science
|
scienceqa
|
A couple of years ago, those who forecast that oil price would reach $ 100 a barrel were seen as doomsters. However, now some are predicting $ 200 a barrel. Had economists been told that oil price would barely pause at $ 100 before reaching the recent peak of nearly $ 127, they would no doubt have forecast terrible economic consequences. But the global economy, though interrupted by the high price of energy, is still chugging along. Meanwhile, inflation has picked up, but the headlinerates of inflation in most developed countries are nowhere near the levels seen in the 1970s and 1980s. There are three explanations for the oil price's unclear impact. The first is that nowadays developed economies are more efficient in their use of energy, thanks partly to the increased importance of service industries and the diminished role of manufacturing . According to the Energy Information Administration, the energy intensity of America's GDP fell by 42% between 1980 and 2007. A second theory is that the oil-price rise has been steady, not sudden, giving the economy time to adjust. Giovanni Serio of Goldman Sachs points out that in 1973 there was a severe supply shock because of the oil embargo , when the world had to cope with 10%-15% less crude almost overnight. Not this time. The third explanation turns the argument on its head; rather than oil harming the global economy, it is global expansion that is driving up the price of oil. The most important factor is the shift in favor of the developing economies. America has responded to high price in familiar fashion: UBS forecasts that demand will drop by 1.1% this year and will be no higher in 2010 than it was in 2004. But the demand from China and other emerging markets is more than offsetting this shortfall. What can we conclude from the passage?
|
[
"In USA, the demand for oil in 2010 will be very high.",
"In USA, the demand for oil in 2010 will be higher than it was in 2004.",
"In USA, the demand for oil in 2010 will be as high as it was in 2004.",
"In USA, the demand for oil in 2010 will be as low as it was in 2004."
] | 3D
|
high_school_microeconomics
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Good relationships are definitely good sources of happiness in life. We all want happy relationships but if we do not keep that relationship alive, it can also be one of the most distraught things in life. There may be no hard and fast rules in making good relationships, as each of us has different preferences and points of view as to what is a great relationship. The following are some major key points in making relationships work. It is often said that building good relationships is all about communication. Good communication indeed governs a good relationship -- knowing the right thing to say, when to say it, how to say it, and accepting that some things are better left unsaid. I personally think communication must be broadened because relationships involve more decisions to make. From study to work, from money to entertainment and even in things about yourself or about your friend that you do not know, communication is essential in these aspects of the relationships. Of course, being with someone is not saying that you totally agree with him all the time. You and your friend come from different family backgrounds, raised in different environments so there may be disagreements here and there. However, it is important in making relationships work to express disagreements without pushing the relationship to end. Again, good communication and learning to compromise at times are necessary. As the relationship lasts longer, you may also discover things about you and your friend that you may not have known before. Therefore, supporting each other on both your "hidden selves" can also make a good relationship. Love is an important aspect of building relationships and for me, I always believe that love needs open communication, respect, support and understanding each other in making relationships work. To communicate well with people, you should know that _ .
|
[
"supporting each other in anything helps build a good relationship",
"a white lie is necessary sometimes",
"compromises are essential at any time",
"your friends need to have the same backgrounds with you"
] | 1B
|
human_sexuality
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Do you have any strong opinion on co-educational or single-sex schools? A supporter of co-educational schools would probably say that schools should be like the societies they belong to .In Hong Kong , men and women mix socially on a day-to-day basis .In many fields men are even likely to have female bosses .It is ,therefore, desirable that boys and girls grow up together ,go to school together ,and prepare themselves for a society that does not value sexual separation. Some would go on to argue further that growing up with members of the opposite sex is important for personal development .Regular contact can remove the strange ideas about the opposite-sex and lead to more natural relationships .Single-sex conditions are seen as leading to more extreme opinions, and possibly even as encouraging homosexuality ,though there is no proof that this is the case. Those who are against coeducation often also fix their attention on the sexual side .Some parents fear that close contact with members of the opposite sex is dangerous for teenagers .They want their children to be attentive to their studies .Such parents feel uncomfortable with modern ways and the free mixing of the sexes. A stronger argument comes from research into school results .Girls grow up earlier than boys ,tend to be more orderly and are likely to be better at languages .In a mixed class ,boys who might do well in a single-sex class become discouraged and take on the rule of troublemaker .Certainly in the UK this situation has greatly alarmed the government for it to be encouraging co-educational schools to have some single-sex classes .In the UK the best schools are all single-sex ,strongly suggesting that co-education is not the best answer .This may ,however ,not be as simple as it looks .It may simply be that the famous old schools that attract the best students happen to be single-sex ,rather than that being single-sex makes them better schools. All the following arguments can be found in the passage EXCEPT that_.
|
[
"co-education can produce a society-like situation",
"co-educational schools may lead to love affairs between boys and girls",
"co-education will help develop a better understanding about the opposite sex",
"co-education can make boys perform well in mixed classes"
] | 3D
|
human_sexuality
|
mmlu_labeled
|
How long is a sofa?
|
[
"9 inches",
"9 feet"
] | 1B
|
natural science
|
scienceqa
|
It seems that women and beauty go together. I think so. Look around yourself. Fashion ads are almost everywhere. Whether they have realized or not, a sea of. fashion is all around women. They are made to think that without beautiful clothes they will look old and lose their charm . So who doesn't want to dress up to be beautiful and young? But I don't agree with the opinion that women have to show their beauty through their looks. Their mind can be more beautiful and attractive than their looks. A woman has experienced many troubles and may be called "aunt", but she can still be beautiful if she has excellent qualities like knowledge, a kind heart and great courage . What's more,old and young, beautiful and ugly are relative. People who keep a young mind will never feel old. Knowing about new things and wanting to learn more,they can keep up with fashion. Simply dressed women are also beautiful in their own way. Reading and learning is the best way to keep one young. Good books can feed the flower of one's heart and looks. Why does the writer say that women and beauty go together ?
|
[
"Because women are sure to be beauties.",
"Because women like to show their beautiful clothes.",
"Because women try to keep their beauty by dressing up.",
"Because women like to watch fashion ads."
] | 2C
|
human_sexuality
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Based on this information, what is this plant's phenotype for the ground spot color trait?
|
[
"a yellow ground spot",
"a white ground spot"
] | 1B
|
natural science
|
scienceqa
|
The year is 2094,It has been announced that a comet is heading towards the Earth.Most of it will miss our planet, but two pieces will probably hit the southern half of the Earth. On 17 July, a piece four kilometers wide enters the Earth's atmosphere with a massive explosion.About half of the piece is destoryed but the remaining part hits the South Atlantic at 200times the speed of sound.The sea boils and a huge gole is made in the sea bed.Huge waves are created and spread outwards form the hole.The eall of water,a kilometer high,rushes towards southern Africa at 800 kilometers an hour.Cities on the African coast are totally destroyed and millions of people are drowned. Before the waves reach South America.the second piece of the comet lands in Argentina.Earthquakes and volcanoes are set off in the Andes Moutains.The shock waves move north into California and all around the Pacific Ocean. The cities of Los Angeles,San Francisco and Tokyo are completely destroyed by earthquakes,Millions of people in the southern half of the earth are already dead,but the north won't eacape for long.Because of the explosions the sun is hidden by clouds of dust,and temperatures around the world fall to almost zero.Crops are ruined.The sun won't be seen again for many years.Wars break out as countries fight for food.A year later,no more than 10 million remain laive. Could it really happen?In fact,it has already happened more than once in the history of the Earth.The dinesaurs were on the Earth for over 160 million years,Then 65 million years ago they suddenly disappeared.Many scientists believe that the Earth was hit by a piece of object in space. The dinosaurs couldn't live through the cold climate that followed and they died out .Will we meet the same end ? What is mainly described in the passage ?
|
[
"A historic discovery",
"A research on space",
"A scientific adventure",
"An imaginary event"
] | 3D
|
astronomy
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Alzheimer's disease is a major national health problem. Nearly 2 million Americans over the age of 65 have Alzheimer's disease. It is a leading cause of death among the elderly. But Alzheimer's disease is not confined to the aged. There may be a million or more people under the age of 65 suffering from the disease. At one time, people suffering from the disease were said to be "getting old". The disease was thought to be a natural part of growing old, but it is now known that Alzheimer's disease strikes young and old alike. It is an organic disease that destroys brain cells. Alzheimer's disease affects the patient's memory, speech, and movement. In the beginning stages of the disease, the patient may seem slightly confused. He may have trouble speaking, then the patient's memory begins to fail. He may forget dates, numbers, names and plans. As the disease progresses, the patient may not recognize family and friends. These symptoms often cause terrible anxiety in the patient. He may feel lost and frightened. Sometimes the patient reacts with wild and bad behavior. In the last stages of the disease, the patient may not be able to take care of himself. He may have lost the ability to speak and walk. Scientists don't know exactly what causes Alzheimer's disease. It may be caused by a virus .It may be caused by a poisonous substance in the environment. At present, there is no cure for the disease. But there are ways to slow its progress. Exercise and physical treatment can help the patients of this disease. The main idea of the passage is that Alzheimer's disease _ .
|
[
"is a terrible part of the aging process",
"is an organic disease that affects young and old",
"can be cured by physical treatment",
"causes forgetfulness"
] | 1B
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Nobel, who was born in Stockholm, is a great scientist famous for his dangerous experiments. Nobel studied in the USA and then Russia between 1850 and 1859. After his return, he started researching into bombs. As is known, bomb is dangerous to life, but Nobel was working under that condition. Once a big explosion in his lab completely destroyed the lab and caused some deaths. After that he had to experiment on a boat in a lake. He received criticism and satire , but he proceeded with the work rather than losing heart. From 1860s to 1880s, Nobel made many achievements and his inventions were first used in building roads and digging tunnels. Most of the bombs were safer and more possible to be controlled. Even at the end of the 20th century, we still used his methods. Nobel had many patents in Britain and other European countries. He was quick to see industrial openings for his scientific inventions and built up over 80 companies in 20 different countries. Indeed his greatness lay in his outstanding ability to combine the qualities of an original scientist with those of a forwardlooking industrialist. But Nobel's main concern was never with making money or even with making scientific discoveries. Seldom happy, he was always searching for a meaning to life, and from his youth, he had taken a serious interest in literature and philosophy. His greatest wish, however, was to see an end to wars, and thus peace between nations, and he spent much time and money working for this cause. To follow his will, a fund was set up to encourage people to make great progress in physics, chemistry, physiology , medicine, literature and peace. That's the Nobel Prize which means great honor to a scientist. Through his early experimental work, it is evident that _ .
|
[
"Nobel was a man of strong will",
"Nobel was a man of gift",
"Nobel seldom got on well with his work",
"Nobel had his heart in his work"
] | 0A
|
college_biology
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Philip likes to play football. He often plays football after school with his friends. Sandy likes to play basketball. She teaches her friends how to play it every Sunday afternoon. Han Mei is very good at the computer. She always uses it to draw pictures three times a week, and she uses it to surf the Internet. She has a good friend in America. Her name is Mary. Lin Tao is also good at drawing pictures. But he never uses computer to draw. How often does Han Mei draw with computer?
|
[
"Once a week",
"Three times a week.",
"Once a day",
"Every day"
] | 1B
|
college_computer_science
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Science Textbooks for Sale! Used, but in like-new condition with absolutely no writing. + (2-Volume Set) Third Edition (ISBN 978-1-55581-479-3 & 978-1-55581-480-9), Paperback--$ 110 Introduction to Genetic Analysis Ninth Edition (ISBN 978-0-7167-6887-6), Hard Cover--$ 110 Please call 646-470-1770 or email for details. No text messages, please. Thank you! Help an Elder Having a fruitful life depends upon oneself. Join our Elder Helpers Program and start becoming productive now! We will connect you with elders who are in need of care in your community. If you have a kind heart and some extra time, feel free to join our program. Register here: http://www. elderhelpers. org.) Citizens of all states and countries are encouraged to join! Profiles with a picture always get more attention! (Wonderful angel who helped me greatly by Kim) I was so lucky to find Elder Helpers on the web and even luckier that Laura decided to help me get organized. I was hit by a car in January and couldn't do much in my house for several months so things really got _ here. But this Angel of a person came and rescued me. I am so lucky and grateful to have met her and to have received her generous help. Learn To Play Chess or Improve Your Game Chess lessons are offered by a skilled, experienced, patient chess teacher who is also a very strong practical player. Whether you are a complete beginner or want to improve your game, it may be a good idea for you to call me. I work with adults and with children as young as 4. If interested please call me directly at 1-(347)-694-0072. We can know that Introduction to Genetic Analysis sold in Ad 1 _ .
|
[
"is in its third edition",
"is an old science textbook",
"has notes on some pages",
"is in paperback"
] | 1B
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
When placed in direct sunlight, which object will absorb the most visible light energy?
|
[
"A",
"B",
"C",
"D"
] | 3D
|
natural_science
|
ai2_arc_challenge
|
Bears are found in Asia, Africa and America. They are very strong, with short tails and thick legs. Bears eat almost everything. They seem to enjoy meat, vegetables, fruit, milk and rice. Bears are not quite dangerous as people imagine them to be. Like most animals, they will try to stay away from human beings. However, bears are not weak animals. Sometimes they kill hunters, for they can be very dangerous. Bears have a good sense of smell but they have poor eyesight. They are also hard of hearing but they are very clever. They feed mainly on roots, frogs, fish and also small insects. They will sometimes kill deer and other large animals, but they seem to like small animals better. In the cold area, bears hibernate, or go to sleep from October to April. Before they start to hibernate, they eat a lot and store fat. The mother bear has its babies, usually two, towards the end of hibernation. A large bear is much cleverer than a cat and most other animals. You may notice at the zoo how cleverly they ask for food. They sit up and hold out their paws. You would have to teach a dog such a trick but the bears learn this by themselves. Which of the following not true?
|
[
"Bears never kill large animals.",
"Bears are found in many places.",
"Bears have to hibernate in the winter.",
"Bears didn't need to be taught to ask for food"
] | 0A
|
college_biology
|
mmlu_labeled
|
What is the basic unit of life?
|
[
"atom",
"cell",
"element",
"nucleus"
] | 1B
|
college_biology
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Using only these supplies, which question can Jacob investigate with an experiment?
|
[
"Does white sandwich bread grow visible mold in fewer days if the bread is stored in a paper bag or in a plastic bag?",
"Does white sandwich bread grow visible mold in fewer days if the bread is stored inside or outside the refrigerator?",
"Does white or whole wheat sandwich bread grow visible mold in fewer days?"
] | 1B
|
natural science
|
scienceqa
|
Swearing can provide effective relief from pain - but not if you swear all the time, researchers have found. A study found releasing the strange expletive (=swearing) helped people cope with discomfort in the short-term but the frequency of swearing played an important role. Researchers at Keele University's School of Psychology employed 71 undergraduates who were asked to carry out a cold-water challenge while either repeating a swear word or a non-swear word. The students put their hand in room temperature water for three minutes to act as a control before diving it into cold 5degC water for as long as they could while repeating their word. The level of sensed pain together with a change in heart rate were compared while people swore or said their non-swear word. The group was also asked about how much they swore in daily life and this was analyzed together with their level of pain tolerance. Writing in the Journal of Pain, the authors concluded: "Swearing increased pain tolerance and heart rate compared with not swearing." "Moreover, the higher the daily swearing frequency, the less was the benefit for pain tolerance when swearing, compared with when not swearing." Dr Richard Stephens, a senior lecturer in psychology at Keele, said: "Swearing is a very emotive form of language and our findings suggest that using swear words moderation (, ) can be an effective and readily available short-term pain reliever." "However, if you're used to swearing all the time, our research suggests you won't get the same effect." What can be inferred from the passage?
|
[
"The effect, to some extend, that swearing has on relieving the pain is limited.",
"The non-swear speakers must feel more pain than the speakers who swear.",
"If you swear all the time, you won't get the same effect.",
"The participants of this research must put their hand into cold water for a long time."
] | 0A
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Which plant part is similar to a bird's egg?
|
[
"leaf",
"root",
"seed",
"stem"
] | 2C
|
natural_science
|
ai2_arc_challenge
|
I saw a friend one day that I hadn't seen for quite a while. I greeted him with a hug and a big smile. He kissed me on the cheek in a very gentle way. Somehow this friendly kiss really made my day . I thought about his gentle kiss and appreciated the love. It's just a nice gift. Yesterday, I was on the telephone with my brother, and we spoke about our dad. He told me that one day, my dad was real sad. My brother had kissed his small child in front of my dad. Then with a tear in his eye, my daddy said to him, "I wished I had more often kissed you all." My brother told him that it wasn't too late, and that he could start that day. Now my dad greets each of us with a kiss and we know what he's trying to say. One day, sitting with my 82-year-old dad, I noticed that he seemed to be a little bit in upset. The words he shared with me indicated that he was in a spiritual trouble, so I got up, kissed him on the cheek and hugged him from behind. I said Dad, 'you are good.' And he agreed that he was blessed ( ). He has a wonderful family given by God. As I looked into his eyes, I noticed that they began to be filled with tears of love and joy. That evening I grabbed my mom one day when my mom was busy in her usual way, I stopped her for a while, kissed her on the cheek and said "Mom thank you for everything, " and she said "Oh, it's okay". She seemed to pull me back towards her as I pulled away. Thank you for that show of love is what she seemed to say. They are some people that I wish I would have kissed more, like my grandma in heaven that I can not hug anymore. So show your love, for gentle moments won't come once they have gone What's the main idea of the passage?
|
[
"You can create a better world by kissing.",
"Caring the old benefits the whole family.",
"Love for family is equal to that for friends.",
"Never wait until tomorrow to express love to others."
] | 3D
|
human_sexuality
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Which of the following is an example of a chemical change?
|
[
"clouds forming",
"sugar dissolving",
"water freezing",
"a candle burning"
] | 3D
|
natural_science
|
ai2_arc_challenge
|
"An apple a day keeps the doctor away" is one of the most common sayings in the English languages. This is because apples were one of the first foods that medical professionals recognized as healthy---their benefits became obvious when, quite simply, doctors found that people who ate apples were sick less often than those who did not. Today we have a more specific understanding of why apples are so beneficial to overall health. Apples can help keep your levels of bad cholesterol down. The pectin in apples helps you to maintain cardiovascular health and reduce LDL cholesterol(which is the "bad" kind). Apples themselves do not add cholesterol to your diet and are full of water and fiber to help weaken the cholesterol in other foods you might digest. According to Health Diaries, people who eat two apples per day may lower their cholesterol by as much as 16 percent. Apples are naturally low in calories and high in water content. Eating an apple can satisfy your hunger and keep you from reaching for high-sugar, high-calories snacks. By eating apples, you will be more able to maintain a healthy weight because they fill you up, potentially stopping you from eating food that encourages a waistline increase. Apples contain considerable levels of boron , which helps build healthy bones, and can also prevent diseases like arthritis. Apples are rich in vitamin C, which is known to help build immunity. Studies have shown that apples can decrease the risk of breast cancer and liver cancer. One theory is that the apple skins are responsible for this, so be sure not to take apple skins off before you eat them, as you could remove some of the health benefits. Which plays an important role in reducing the risk of breast cancer?
|
[
"The pectin.",
"The apple skins.",
"The flesh of apples.",
"The fiber of apples."
] | 1B
|
nutrition
|
mmlu_labeled
|
The smallest animal with a backbone known to science, a fish from the carp family, has been discovered in the peat swamps of Indonesia. Mature females of the fish species Paedocypris reach just 7.9mm in length. The species was discovered in the highly acidic peat swamps of the Indonesian island of Sumatra by a team led by Ralf Britz, a zoologist at the Natural History Museum in London. "This is one of the strangest fish that I've seen in my whole career," Dr Britz said. "It's tiny, and it lives in acid. I hope that we'll have time to find out more about them before their habitat disappears completely." The species lives in dark tea-colored swamp waters, which are 100 times more acidic than rainwater. Although these swamps were once thought to be inhabited by very few animals, recent research has shown that they are home to a highly different range of species that occur nowhere else. The peat swamps were damaged by forest fires in 1997, and are also threatened by agriculture. The scientists behind the discovery said that several populations of Paedocypris had already been lost. "Many of the peat swamps we surveyed throughout South-East Asia no longer exist," Dr Britz said. "Populations of all the miniature fish of peat swamps have decreased or disappeared." Details of the discovery are published today in the journal Proceedings of the Royal Society of London, Series B. 67.Dr Britz's words imply _ .
|
[
"the habitat will be more after a period of time",
"many peat swamps that they surveyed have already survived",
"he wants to find more miniature fishes before their habitat disappears",
"he wants to have further research"
] | 3D
|
college_biology
|
mmlu_labeled
|
The latest beliefs are that the main purposes of sleep are to enable the body to rest, allowing time for repairs to take place and for tissue to be regenerated . Lack of sleep, however, can compromise the immune system, cause depression and promote anxiety. For many people, lack of sleep is rarely anything of choice. Some have problems getting to sleep, others with staying asleep until the morning. Despite popular belief that sleep is one long event, research shows that, in an average night, there are five stages of sleep. In the first light stage, the heart rate and blood pressure go down and the muscles relax. In the next two stages, sleep gets progressively deeper. In stage four, usually reached after an hour, the slumber is so deep that, if awoken, the sleeper would be confused and disorientated. It is in this state that sleep-walking can occur, lasting no more than 15 minutes. In the fifth stage, the rapid eye movement (REM) stage, the eyes move constantly beneath closed lids as if the sleeper is looking at something. During this stage, the body is almost paralysed . This REM stage is also the time when we dream.[:Z#xx#k.Com] Sleeping patterns change with age. One theory for the age-related change is that it is due to hormonal changes. The temperature rise occurs at daybreak in the young, but at three or four in the morning in the elderly. Age aside, it is estimated that roughly one in three people suffer some kind of sleep disturbance. Causes can be anything from pregnancy, smoking, and stress to alcohol and heart disease. Apart from self-help therapy such as regular exercise, there are psychological treatments, including relaxation training and therapy aimed at getting rid of pre-sleep worries and anxieties. Medication is regarded by many as a last option and often takes the form of sleeping pills. Which of the following is true to the passage?
|
[
"Nobody can escape lack of sleep.",
"A sleep-walker usually dreams before the sleepwalking.",
"In the REM stage sleepers can see things around but can't move the body.",
"Regular exercise can better help improve sleep quality than sleeping pills do."
] | 3D
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Select the temperature shown by this thermometer.
|
[
"65°F",
"100°F",
"90°F"
] | 2C
|
natural science
|
scienceqa
|
Some recent surveys show that the health conditions of many white collar employees and office workers are rather dangerous. Death cases among white collar employees and office workers are increasing year by year and these cases are generally believed to have been caused by overwork and spending little time taking rest or doing exercise. If their offices are within the distance of half an hour's walk, some office workers now choose to go to work on foot. Ms. Deng, who works in a foreign enterprise in Beijing, has been walking to her office for more than six months now. " I usually have a tight work schedule and can't find time to do exercise. So I choose to walk to work. " As she said, if the office is not far from home, most women would like to go to work on foot. Walking is good for their health and can help them to keep good figures as well. Apart from walking to office,one can also find time to do exercise when one is at work. The simplest way is to desert the lift. Mr. Wei, who works in the Passenger Service Department at Shenzhen Airlines, is one of such men who frequently climb stairs. " I only use the lift whenever I'm with my colleagues or my boss. Otherwise, I would climb stairs instead of taking the lift. " In addition, some office workers try to find time to go to a gym at the end of a day. Ms. Sang works in a law firm in Shenzhen. She goes to the gym several times a week when she has the time. " I go to the gym every weekend. During the weekdays,I will also go there whenever I have the time. " Ms. Sang and her husband both have a gym membership card for a whole year. The cards cost them 3000 yuan. However, they think it's worth it. If a white collar employee lives one kilometer away from her office , she had better _ to keep healthy.
|
[
"walk to her office",
"run and then take the stairs to her office",
"take a taxi to her office",
"ride a bike"
] | 0A
|
nutrition
|
mmlu_labeled
|
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