question
stringlengths 4
6.54k
| choices
listlengths 2
5
| answer
class label 4
classes | subject
stringclasses 32
values | dataset
stringclasses 4
values |
|---|---|---|---|---|
A tree must depend upon, for its support
|
[
"A large fibrous mass",
"plants on the forest floor",
"the wooden welfare state",
"massive redwoods on the backs of turtles"
] | 0A
|
high_school_biology
|
mmlu_labeled
|
An experimental treatment that causes AIDS patients to develop a dangerously high fever has shown promise as a way of prolonging and improving the patients' life.Called the Biologic-HT System, the new treatment lets doctors extract the blood of a patient and heat it before circulating it back into the body. The heated blood causes the patient's body temperature to rise above 42 degrees Celsius. In people with AIDS, that increase in temperature kills some heat-sensitive HIV, the virus, most doctors say, causes AIDS. Heating the blood of AIDS patients has been tried before, say doctors. But during previous attempts, the treatment induced deadly chemical changes in the blood. The Biologic-HT System prevents those changes from happening, allowing the heat to kill viruses with few ill side effects. The new heat treatment cannot be considered a cure for Aids, says president of the company that makes the system. He says the treatment doesn't kill all traces of the virus. However, it kills enough virus particles to give a patient's immune system a reprieve in its deadly duel with HIV. Tests of the Biologic-HT treatment began on 36 patients earlier this year. The treatment takes about four hours, and the patient normally feels well enough to leave the hospital or clinic the following morning. So far, the patients who have had the treatment say they feel better and have developed no new opportunistic infections--disease that strike people with damaged immune systems. The patients also have experienced about a 50 percent increase in the number of T cells in their bodies. T cells are key disease-fighting cells of the immune system and the main target of HIV. The blood of the patient _ .
|
[
"is heated with a single injection",
"is heated by being circulated at a higher rate",
"is taken out from the body and then circulated through a heating system.",
"is taken out from the body, heated outside and then put back into the body."
] | 3D
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Based on this information, what is Zuri's phenotype for the coat pattern trait?
|
[
"a spotted coat",
"a black coat"
] | 0A
|
natural science
|
scienceqa
|
Mr. and Mrs. Long had one daughter. Her name was Lena. She was eighteen years old. Lena lived with her parents and worked in an office. She had some friends, but she didn't like any of the boys very much. One day she met a very nice man. He was young. His name was Watts and he worked in a post office. They became friends and he came to Lena's parents house twice. Last week Lena said to her father, "I'm going to marry Watts, Daddy. He was here yesterday." "Oh, yes." her father answered. "He's a nice boy, but has he got much money?" "Oh, no, both of you are the same," the daughter answered angrily. I met Watts on the first day of June and the next day he asked me, "Has your father got much money?" Lena had a few friends before she came to know Watts, but she _ .
|
[
"liked no one very much",
"like all of them",
"didn't know their names",
"didn't talk to them about their work"
] | 0A
|
human_sexuality
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Which would stretch the most?
|
[
"nylon swim shorts",
"soap bar",
"glass cup"
] | 0A
|
natural science
|
scienceqa
|
A group of British schools are banning skirts after helplessly watching the fashion of "hemline _ creep" when girls roll up skirts to show more of their legs.Rising hemlines among girls in their midtolate teens have long been a headache for schools.Now,it seems,girls who are leaving homes with perfectly proper skirt lengths manage to transform their uniform into microminiskirts by the time they get to school. Some are so short that the headmaster of Tewksbury School in Gloucestershire said they are "almost like belts".Obviously,they have become a bit of a distraction for both boys and male teachers. Robert Kelly,headmaster of Berwickshire High School in Scotland,said short skirts could cause "inappropriate thoughts" among boys.And Hilary Winter,headmaster of Piggott School in Wargrave,Surrey,described short skirts as a "difficult distraction for members of staff ". In the town of Ipswich alone three schools have removed skirts from their approved uniform list.David Hutton,headmaster of Northgate High School,said,"Unfortunately,despite getting in touch with specific parents,sending some girls home to change,requiring others to wear a schoolowned skirt for the day and repeatedly asking others to unroll their skirts,we still had some girls coming to school in inappropriate skirts." "I have therefore introduced a trousersonly policy,which will enable my staff to focus their time and effort on providing students with the best education possible." Girls at Nailsea School near Bristol are used to a uniform ban.Two years ago,they were forbidden from wearing trousers made by the clothing brand Miss Sexy,which were reportedly too low on the hips and too tight."Staff were becoming embarrassed by seeing too much of the girls instead of the uniform,"headmaster David New said."They were very low, hipsterstyle,very tight trousers." Now they have been banned from wearing skirts. "We didn't want to waste any more time on it.It just means that teachers can concentrate on what's important in education,"New said. Megan Throp,a 15yearold student at Guiseley School in Leeds,facing a trousersonly policy,told the Yorkshire Evening Post newspaper,"Our rights and freedom of being young women have been taken away because we have been forced into wearing school trousers." However,students are likely to find another means of adjusting dress code ,as David New told the LA Times,"I suspect that,teenagers being teenagers,there will be a new uniform violation that becomes the habit,"he said."That was true when I was at school,and I'm sure it was true when my father was at school." Which of the following can be the best title of the passage?
|
[
"British schools banning skirts",
"Uniform violation becoming a habit",
"Short skirts causing distraction",
"Trousers--only policy meeting opposition"
] | 0A
|
human_sexuality
|
mmlu_labeled
|
When a mirror is placed by a fish bowl with a beta fish swimming inside, the beta fish sees what appears to be another fish. This occurs because of
|
[
"absorption.",
"refraction.",
"reflection.",
"diffraction."
] | 2C
|
natural_science
|
ai2_arc_challenge
|
EVERYONE is talking about bird flu . Yes it is a very dangerous disease that could make people very sick. It will be a few months before we have good medicine for bird flu.But that doesn't mean you can't do anything to prevent it now. So far, all the people who have caught bird flu have been those who touched sick chickens or their droppings . So it is a good idea for people to stay away from live chickens. "People used to go to the markets to buy live chickens to eat, but now they have to change that habit," said Peter, an expert from World Health Organization. But if you do touch a sick bird, remember to wash your hands carefully with soap right away. Experts also say having good habits and a healthy body will help keep you safe from bird flu. For example, don't buy or eat birds that have not been checked. Don't eat anything that has touched raw meat. Also don't forget to open your windows often and exercise regularly. Getting enough sleep is also very important for fighting illness .If you feel sick, see a doctor right away.At present, no one in Shanghai has bird flu. But WHO says children under 12 years old could easily get sick with bird flu. Try to stay away from people who have the flu, and always cover your mouth and nose when you cough or sneeze. How do people catch bird flu?
|
[
"By eating boiled eggs.",
"By eating checked birds.",
"By touching sick chickens or their droppings.",
"By forgetting to open windows."
] | 1B
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Animals use resources in the environment to survive. Which of the following resources does an animal use for energy?
|
[
"air",
"food",
"shelter",
"water"
] | 1B
|
natural_science
|
ai2_arc_challenge
|
Have you ever wondered why birds sing? Maybe you thought that they were just happy.After all,you probably sing or whistle when you are happy. Some scientists believe that birds do sing some of the time just because they are happy.However,they sing most of the time for a very different reason.Their singing is actually a warning to other birds to stay out of their territory Do you know what a "territory" is? A territory is an area that an animal,usually the male,claims as its own.Only he and his family are welcome there.No other families 0f the same species are welcome.Your yard and house are your territory where only your family and friends are welcome.If a stranger should enter your territory and threaten you,you might shout.Probably this would be enough to frighten him away. If so,you have actually scared the stranger away without having to fight him.A bird does the same thing. But he expects an outsider almost any time,especially at nesting season.So he is screaming all the time,whether he can see an outsider or not This screaming is what we call a bird's song,and it is usually enough to keep an outsider away. Birds sing loudest in the spring when they are trying to attract a mate and warn others not to enter the territory of theirs. You can see that birds have a language all their own.Most of it has to do with attracting mates and setting up territories. Some scientists believe that most of the time birds' singing is actually.
|
[
"an expression of happiness",
"a way of greeting",
"an expression of anger",
"a way of warning"
] | 3D
|
college_biology
|
mmlu_labeled
|
How long is a guitar?
|
[
"31 inches",
"31 feet"
] | 0A
|
natural science
|
scienceqa
|
A star is a celestial object that produces its own heat and light. Which of these celestial objects is the closest star to Earth?
|
[
"Mars",
"Venus",
"the sun",
"the moon"
] | 2C
|
natural_science
|
ai2_arc_challenge
|
Which of the following organisms have the greatest effect on an ecosystem because of the changes they make to their environment?
|
[
"bees building a hive in a hollow tree",
"wasps building a nest in a leafy bush",
"beavers building a dam across a stream",
"fish digging a burrow on a river bottom"
] | 2C
|
college_biology
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Carmen Arace Middle School is situated in the town of Bloomfield,but four years ago it faced many of the same challenges as inner--city schools nearby:low scores in standardized tests and dropping enrollment of students.Then the hard-driving headmaster, Delore Bolton,persuaded her school to shake up the place by buying a laptop computer for each student and teacher to use in school and at home.For good measure,the board provided wireless Internet access at school.Total cost :$5 million. Now an hour before classes start,every seat in the library is taken by students eager to get online.The teacher talks about rocks as students view them at a colorful website,after school students on buses pull laptops from backpacks to get started on homework.Since the computers arrived,scores in state tests are up 35%and the enrollment increases by 20%. Indeed,school systems in rural areas are eager to follow Carmen Arace Middle School's example.Angus King,the state governor, has proposed using$50 million from an unexpected budget to supply computers for students. However, the school is seeking federal grant money to expand the laptop program.In the meantime,most of the problems have been worked out.Some students use computers to visit unauthorized websites,but teachers have the ability to track where students have been and restrict them."That is the worst when they disable you" says a boy.The habit is rubbing off on parents."I taught my mom to use e-mail."says the honorable girl."And now she is taking computer classes.I'm so proud of her!'' Students are limited when they get online because _ .
|
[
"they view lessons at a colorful website",
"they will waste an awful lot of money",
"they visit unauthorized website sometimes",
"they are disabled students"
] | 2C
|
college_computer_science
|
mmlu_labeled
|
All of the following contain metric units of measurement except
|
[
"g, kg, cg",
"dL, L, mL",
"ft, yd, mi",
"N, J, W"
] | 2C
|
natural_science
|
ai2_arc_challenge
|
Say you forgot about Valentine's Day, and it's too late to send someone some roses. Someday, you'll at least be able to send their odors . A Paris lab under the direction of David Edwards, Michigan Technological University alumnus, has created the oPhone, which will allow odors to be sent, by Bluetooth and smart phone attachments, to oPhones across the state, country or ocean, where the person who receive it can enjoy American Beauties or any other kinds of rose. It can be sent by email, tweet, or text. Edwards says the idea started with student designers in his class at Harvard, where he is a professor. Normally, he says, there's a clear end in sight, but with their project no one had a clue who was going to pay for the research or if there was even a market. With the early major buzz produced -- Wired Magazine, National Public Radio, and the British press -- Edwards is sure the market will come. "We create odor profiles ," says Blake Armstrong, director of business communications at Vapor Communications, an organization operating out of Le Lab in Paris. "We put that into the oChip that gives away that smell." Edwards said that the original four chips that will come with the first oPhones can be combined into thousands of different odors -- produced for 20 to 30 seconds. In fact, Le Lab is working with Cafe Coutume, the premier coffee shop in Paris, using oPhones to create nice experiences. "Imagine you are online and want to know what a particular brand of coffee would smell like," Edwards says. "Or, you are in an actual long line waiting to order. You just tap on the oPhone and get the experience." And there are other benefits. "Fragrance houses, of course, culinary, travel, but also healthcare. "A patient with brain damage had lost memory, and the oPhone can help bring that memory back. Improvements are already planned at the end of year--give phone to audience in 2015. "The oPhone will finally be smaller. " according to Armstrong. Which word best describes people's attitude to oPhone's market in the future?
|
[
"cold",
"confident",
"doubtful",
"concerned"
] | 1B
|
computer_security
|
mmlu_labeled
|
The next generation telephone is called Superphone or personal Communication Network (PCN). Your superphone goes wherever you go, in your pocket. You can use it in the street, in an aeroplane, a boat, or a taxi; you can call from anywhere on the globe to anywhere else. Calls travel at the speed of light, via satellites using ultraviolet, high-frequency wave bands and each communication is automatically billed to your account. This new phone is the size and shape of a billfold . You unfold it to use it., making it long enough to reach from your ear to your mouth. There is a miniaturized touch pad, on which to enter the number you are calling. There is also a tiny liquid crystal screen on which you can read weather, news or financial reports. These news items are constantly updated by the company that sells the service. Letter keys on the touch pad also allow you to use this electronic marvel as a computer or word processor. You can plug it into your large home or office computer in order to transfer any data that you feed in during a business trip. The PCN also stores any useful information of your own that you might need as you travel, such as the names, addresses and phone numbers of several hundred people, important meetings, flight details and so on. When you need information, you simply call it up on the screen. You can even use your PCN to activate electronically controlled equipment at home. For example, you could switch your oven on or off, start the sprinkler system in your garden during a dry spell, get your video recorder to record a show on television, turn off the central heating, and so on. All of this from thousands of miles away, perhaps from the back of a camel in the desert. Prototypes are already being trialed. In spite of the complex technology, they will be cheap because of the enormous sales that will be made. The author may agree that _
|
[
"the new phone's technology is too complex to be generalized",
"the new phone is still commercially unappetizing.",
"the new phone has been put into volume production",
"the new phone has excellent prospects in market."
] | 3D
|
computer_security
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Which metal paper clip has a higher temperature?
|
[
"the metal paper clip with more thermal energy",
"the metal paper clip with less thermal energy"
] | 0A
|
natural science
|
scienceqa
|
Many people have been talking about the way in which the world will come to an end in 2012. Everybody wants to find out if December 21, 2012 is the last day of the earth. The rumor has already been spreading for a very long time. The Mayan's predictions can account for the rumor. According to the rumor, the earth will experience dramatic changes in 2012 and the changes will be disastrous to all of the living creatures on earth .It is widely assumed that a Planet X will return to orbit the solar system. The return of Planet of Planet X will have a destructive effect on the solar system as well as on some planets including the Neptune , the Jupiter and the earth. Planet X will cross into their orbits. There's a possibility that Jupiter will change into a little sun at this time, so folks will be well placed to see two suns in the sky in 2012. The solar flares that occur in a l1-year cycle will reach their highest point in 2012. The powerful solar flares will affect the magnetic field of the earth and cause disasters. On December 21,2012,the sun and the earth will line up in the same line at the equator . The winter solstice only occurs once every 25,800 years.The events in the universe are signals that the world will come to an end.As a result of the solar flares, lots of disasters will happen that will destroy the face of the whole earth.Scientists are making the guess primarily based on the Mayan Long Court Calendar. Many films have been made about the end of the world including End Game by Alex Jones and End Clock:Nostradamus 2012.The former provides insights about the way the world will become one state.After the world government is in place,it's going to be easy to _ 80%of the people in the world.The rest will continue to live with assistance from advanced technology. No one knows whether the world will end on December 21,2012,There is no clear answer until the day arrives.Just as the Mayans claims,it will not be the time for the world to end.Instead.it will be the dawn of a flesh start. Which of the following statements is true?
|
[
"In the film End Clock:Nostradamus 2012.the world will be ruled by one government.",
"According to the text, the rumor of 2012 was from the Mayan's predictions.",
"People in 2012 may see two suns, of which one is Neptune of nowadays.",
"In 2012.Planet X will break in the orbit of solar system for the first time."
] | 1B
|
astronomy
|
mmlu_labeled
|
What information supports the conclusion that Harper acquired this trait?
|
[
"Harper is most interested in human biology.",
"Harper learned biology by reading, observing, and experimenting."
] | 1B
|
natural science
|
scienceqa
|
What is a difference between mitosis and meiosis?
|
[
"Mitosis occurs in all the cells in animals and plants, while meiosis occurs in only in bacteria.",
"In mitosis, the products are identical to the parent cell, while in meiosis the products are different from the parent cell.",
"In mitosis, one cell divides into two cells, while in meiosis two cells combine to make one cell.",
"Mitosis involves separating the chromosomes, while meiosis involves only the cytoplasm of the cell."
] | 1B
|
college_biology
|
mmlu_labeled
|
The European Union announced plans on Tuesday to temporar-ily ban the use of animal cloning for food production, while allowing imports of food derived from the offspring of clones from the United States and elsewhere. The report from the European Commission followed a call by EU lawmakers in July for a total ban on food derived from cloned animals and their traditionally bred offspring, citing ethical concerns over the industrial production of cloned meat. The Commission said a temporary five-year EU ban on cloning for food production was justified on animal welfare grounds, but said banning imports of food from the offspring of clones was unnecessary and would disrupt global trade. "Food from cloned animals is safe. In fact, the scientific opinion is that it cannot be differentiated in any way from food normally bred animals. The issue is animal welfare," EU Health and Consumer Commissioner John Dalli told reporters. Food derived from the offspring of clones presents no such animal welfare issues, and banning its sale and import would be impossible because the origin is untraceable, Dalli said. "Such a prohibition would lead to a ban of imports of any food of animal origin (meat, milk and processed products)from third countries allowing the cloning technique," the report said. "We're not going to regulate for the world," Dalli added. But animal welfare groups criticized the Commission's decision, saying it had bowed to pressure from third countries. "We do not accept the Commission's position that it would be impossible to enforce a ban that includes the offspring of cloned animals, as (other) meat traceability systems are already in place," said Sonja Van Tichelen, director of the Eurogroup for Animals. Which of the following is the reason for Commission's decision on the ban according to animal welfare groups?
|
[
"The origin of food derived from the offspring of clones is Untraceable.",
"Food from cloned animals is safe.",
"The issue is for animal welfare.",
"The pressure comes from third countries."
] | 3D
|
nutrition
|
mmlu_labeled
|
You can see lots of kangaroos in Australia, and not only in zoos but also outside the cities and towns. You can see them everywhere. Kangaroos are very popular in Australia. They have very strong legs, so they are very good at jumping. Their tails are very strong, too, so when they want to have a rest, they rest on their tails. Kangaroos are also good at looking after their babies. Mother kangaroos keep their babies safe in their pockets. What are kangaroos good at doing?
|
[
"they are good at looking after their babies",
"they are good at jumping",
"they are good at resting on their tails",
"A, B and C"
] | 3D
|
anatomy
|
mmlu_labeled
|
If a fox and an eagle eat some of the same organisms in an ecosystem, the relationship between the fox and the eagle could be classified as
|
[
"competition.",
"mutualism.",
"predation.",
"parasitism."
] | 0A
|
natural_science
|
ai2_arc_challenge
|
Child care programs help us work towards the future of our children, and right from the time they are born until they graduate. It is our job to look for the best educational programs. One of the most important things of a good child care program or child day care is the teacher to child ratio . It means that every student needs a certain amount of attention in order to grow and learn correctly. It's for this reason that small-sized class in schools are leading to bigger and better opportunities. With smaller classes, each student is given personal attention when it comes to their class work, their personal health and their mental growth. When there are too many children in a class, individuals get lost in the crowd. They always couldn't get enough attention. When it comes to the educational result, they don't learn well because some are afraid to ask questions in front of so many people. Others become lazy for not having been attended by the teacher. Some schools are overcrowded these days. Most children don't even get their basic educational work done in schools. How is one expected to grow into a successful , healthy adult if the basics are not done? For these and several other reasons, schools with small class sizes are turning out to be very good for children. Diana Autumn is Director of Anne Sullivan School. The excellent teachers here often attend different courses and workshops to stay on top of the latest research in education, and the school pays more attention to its interactive classrooms and small-sized classes. It can be inferred from the text that Diana Autumn _ .
|
[
"is the author of the text",
"encourages new teaching ideas in her school",
"cares little about children's school education",
"prefers carrying out the traditional teaching methods"
] | 1B
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
The gametes of human males and females have the same number of chromosomes. Which best describes what happens to the chromosomes when typical male and female gametes combine to produce offspring?
|
[
"The chromosomes change shape.",
"The number of chromosomes doubles.",
"The chromosomes become larger in size.",
"The number of chromosomes reduces by half."
] | 1B
|
natural_science
|
ai2_arc_challenge
|
You can find ferrous metals in
|
[
"Glass",
"Grass",
"Vehicle scraps",
"Wood"
] | 2C
|
high_school_chemistry
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Compare the motion of two trains. Which train was moving at a lower speed?
|
[
"a train that moved 835kilometers in 10hours",
"a train that moved 945kilometers in 10hours"
] | 0A
|
natural science
|
scienceqa
|
A piglet was accidentally stepped on. In order to heal up, the piglet is offered
|
[
"a new toy",
"a pet puppy",
"slop",
"a warm bath"
] | 2C
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Which is the best evidence that cell division is occurring constantly in our bodies?
|
[
"The body has to keep breathing around the clock.",
"Active people often require more food than inactive ones.",
"There are many different types of tissues in the human body.",
"Human beings shed millions of"
] | 3D
|
natural_science
|
ai2_arc_challenge
|
Ellen and prefix = st1 /BillCountyare both teachers. They met in college and became good friends because of their shared love for children. Two years after the couple got married; Ellen saw a huge change in the life of one of her students, a 9-year-old girl. Three years earlier both of the little girl's parents had died and there was no one to take care of her. She was taken away to live in a government office. But finally she was taken in and adopted by a family and became their daughter. Ellen said that she noticed the difference in the child's life after she was placed in a permanent home and thought that maybe she and her husband could help a child in a similar way. They decided to become temporary parents and to take a child into their home on the weekends when the real parents could not take care of him or her. The pair planned to have their own children in a few years, but decided that this would be a way to give to the community in the meantime. The couple quickly grew to love one of the children they looked after. When he became legally available, Billy became the first child they took in permanently. Six months after adopting Billy, Ellen was told by her doctor that she was unable to have children naturally. Ellen says she knew then that adoption was the way she was meant to have a family. Since adopting Billy, now 17, Ellen and Bill have adopted five more children --Rose, 16; Albert, 11; Joshua, 5 and in June 2003, they added biological brother and sister Tyler and Rylee to the County family. The County family has been recognized for their work on adoption, and has received many awards for their efforts. Last June, the family was even interviewed on the television show, "Adoption Stories". Ellen says she would like to encourage other families to adopt children. She adds that the best part of being a mother of six is: "Giving Josh a bath, putting a braid-aid on a cut knee or just the everyday Mom things, which makes motherhood such an honor and a privilege." What is the passage mainly about?
|
[
"How a couple first met at college.",
"Where you can adopt a child.",
"The benefits of adoption to the community.",
"How adoption created a happy family."
] | 3D
|
human_sexuality
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Cell phones _ are all around us.We use cell phones to call our friends,send text messages,play games,and even take photographs. Now imagine using your cell phone to call your air conditioner . If this were possible you could tell your air conditioner to rum on before you got home.Does this sound impossible to you? Well,it could become possible sooner than you think.In the near future,we might use cell phones as remote controls for the electrical devices in our homes.People are already working to develop different ways to communicate wirelessly with devices we use every day.For example,it is already possible for cell phones to communicate with laptop computers.Business people using laptops during meetings Call use their cell phones as remote controls.They can use their cell phones to send instructions to computers to turn on,change pictures,and turn off. With the same technology ,people can use their cell phones to control other devices.You can call your stereo to play music automatically .You can call your lights to turn on when you enter a room.Maybe even by next summer you will be able to call your air conditioner ! Which probably could NOT be controlled by a cell phone?
|
[
"An air conditioner or heater.",
"A computer or printer.",
"A table or a basket.",
"A CD player or MP3 player."
] | 2C
|
computer_security
|
mmlu_labeled
|
"A rolling stone gathers no moss ," but there is one living animal that does gather moss -- the three-toed sloth of South America. This slowest-moving member of the animal kingdom is so inactive that moss actually gathers on its body and turns it green -- strange as it seems! Most of the sloth's life is spent motionless, hanging upside down from a limb . And that is the way its hair grows. Long and coarse, the strands from receptacles for the damp jungle algae turn the brown fur a mossy green. Actually this moss helps the animal survive because it serves as a perfect camouflage against the leafy trees and hides the sloth from the jungle's swift-moving hunters. The sloth would have little chance of survival on the ground. With long, curved claws hooded over the limb of a leafy tree, it spends the long hot hours during the day drowsing and eating. Inch by inch, it strips the leafy limbs bare and crawls slowly down the trunk to find a new dining spot, but only at night. In addition to looking rather like a vegetable, the sloth is a strict vegetarian. Running out of its favorite leaf is about the only thing that will make a sloth move. Then its appetite may even force the animal into swimming a stream to reach a succulent . It will also force it into fighting to keep the tree all to itself. The sloth is lazy and prefers to be alone, but it will tolerate its own s! According to the passage, the sloth will move about when _ .
|
[
"It senses a coming danger.",
"it is forced to swim in a hot day.",
"it is short of its favorite food.",
"it wants to keep the vegetable to itself."
] | 2C
|
college_biology
|
mmlu_labeled
|
My family makes the best chicken salad.Dad prepares all of the ingredients and Mom makes the relish.There are a few things that make this chicken salad different from the other chicken salads.First,we use fruit jam in the relish.You can buy any fruit jam,like banana jam or orange jam.But we have bottles of strawberry jam that my mother made,so we use the strawberry jam.Second,we put some green olives .Green olives give the salad an interesting taste and make a big difference.Now let me tell you how my family makes the salad. First,mix up all of the salad ingredients in a large bowl.The ingredients are chicken,tomatoes,green olives,onions and apples.If you like lettuce,you can also put some.Next,make the relish.Please mix the jam,the juice and the salt.Finally,mix the relish with the salad ingredients. Do you have a favorite chicken salad recipe?Please tell us about it.You can write to [email protected]. If you have a favorite chicken salad recipe,you can _ the writer.
|
[
"call",
"write an email to",
"visit",
"send a letter to"
] | 1B
|
nutrition
|
mmlu_labeled
|
A German study suggests that people who were too optimistic about their future actually faced greater risk of disability or death within 10 years than those pessimists who expected their future to be worse. The paper, published this March in Psychology and Aging, examined health and welfare surveys from roughly 40,000 Germans between ages 18 and 96. The surveys were conducted every year from 1993 to 2003. Survey respondents were asked to estimate their present and future life satisfaction on a scale of 0 to 10, among other questions. The researchers found that young adults (age 18 to 39) routinely overestimated their future life satisfaction, while middle-aged adults (age 40 to 64) more accurately predicted how they would feel in the future. Adults of 65 and older, however, were far more likely to underestimate their future life satisfaction. Not only did they feel more satisfied than they thought they would, the older pessimists seemed to suffer a lower ratio of disability and death for the study period. "We observed that being too optimistic in predicting a better future than actually observed was associated with a greater risk of disability and a greater risk of death within the following decade," wrote Frieder R. Lang, a professor at the University of Erlangen-Nuremberg. Lang and his colleagues believed that people who were pessimistic about their future may be more careful about their actions than people who expected a rosy future. "Seeing a dark future may encourage positive evaluations of the actual self and may contribute to taking improved precautions ," the authors wrote. Surprisingly, compared with those in poor health or who had low incomes, respondents who enjoyed good health or income were associated with expecting a greater decline. Also, the researchers said that higher income was related to a greater risk of disability. The authors of the study noted that there were limitations to their conclusions. Illness, medical treatment and personal loss could also have driven health outcomes. However, the researchers said a pattern was clear. "We found that from early to late adulthood, individuals adapt their expectations of future life satisfaction from optimistic, to accurate, to pessimistic," the authors concluded. According to the study, who made the most accurate prediction of their future life satisfaction?
|
[
"Optimistic adults.",
"Middle-aged adults.",
"Adults in poor health.",
"Adults of lower income."
] | 1B
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Hippos have always attracted people's interest. Modern hippos in Walt Disney movies can dance lightly. A stone hippo in a 13th-century church in France has wings. And in ancient Egyptian fairy tales, the hippo was a goddess that guided the dead to the afterworld. Despite their popular appeal, hippos, as well as other animals, have difficulty when their needs conflict with those of humans. The early Egyptians liked to hunt hippos for their teeth and because they were dangerous animals. Amulets to protect babies from demons were made from hippo bones. About 4,000 years ago, there were so many hippos in Egypt that they caused serious crop damage. Egyptian farmers killed them routinely, and by the beginning of the 19th century, all the hippos in Africa had been killed. People used to see hippos fight in the arenas of ancient Rome. After the fall of the Roman Empire, hippos weren't seen in Europe again until a few zoos began to exhibit them in the mid 1800s. All the various uses and abuses of hippos through the centuries have made their population fall greatly. Where they do occur, mostly in national parks, they live in such high density that they make the grasslands bare. This causes other grass-eating animals to go farther for food, and hippos, which can't live far from water, destroy their own feeding grounds. What problems do hippos lead to?
|
[
"They eat up the grass in their habitats.",
"They always destroy other animals' food.",
"They stop other animals from drinking water.",
"They grow too quickly for the land to support."
] | 0A
|
anatomy
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Nick Petrels is a doctor in Montreal. He works 60 hours a week. He takes care of 159 patients a week in the hospital and at his office. He's been a doctor for ten years. Dr. Petrels gives his patients good medical advice. But he doesn't just tell his patients what to do. He also sings to them on television! Dr. Petrels has his own TV show. The show is in Italian, English and French. The doctor starts the show with a song and then gives medical advice. He explains a medical problem or disease in simple language. After that, he sings another song. Dr. Petrels produces and performs in his own show every week. The program is very popular with his patients and with people who enjoy his singing. His dream is to perform in Las Vegas. His favorite songs are love songs, and he has a compact disk of love songs that he wrote. Dr. Petrels says, "I always loved to sing. All my problems are gone when I sing." But when Dr. Petrels was young, his father didn't want him to be a singer, so he went to medical school. Some people tell Dr. Petrels he can help people more as a doctor. But Dr. Petrels says he helps people when he sings, too. "I like to make people smile. Sometimes it's difficult to make a sick person smile. Medicine and pleasure both try to do the same thing. They try to make people feel good." Dr. Petrels says he likes to _ .
|
[
"help people sing",
"make people feel better",
"do the same thing",
"make difficult people smile"
] | 1B
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
If you have ever experienced jet lag ,you know how much of a drag it can be. Jet lag happens as a result of air travel, when traveling between two or more time zones. Your body is used to operating in a certain time zone, and when its timing is affected, you're likely to have problems. Edward Norton's character in the movies Fight Club faces the struggle of jet-lag-induced sleeplessness due to his constant traveling. Sleeplessness is just one of the effects of jet lag, and it can lead to other problems, such as tiredness, memory loss and confusion. That's not something you should have to fight on a business trip and it certainly won't make your vacation very enjoyable, either. Sleeplessness is the biggest problem for travelers that suffer from jet lag. Don't worry. You can do something to prevent it. Modify Your Body Clock To prevent the effects on your body's timing that come with crossing time zones, you need to change your body clock sooner, rather than later. You can do this by putting yourself on the same time as your destination time zone before you fly. If you know that you will be traveling to London from the eastern United States, you'll have a five-hour time difference to deal with. Plan for it. Avoid Heavy Food and Alcohol Part of the pleasure of flying commercially, especially if you fly business or first class, is taking advantages of the food and drinks. If you want to avoid jet lag, though, you should think twice. Eating heavy food will only make the jet lag worse. It isn't good to drink alcohol during a flight, either, because it may make you drowsy. Wait until your body adjusts before you decide to have heavy food or drink alcohol. The passage is most likely taken from_.
|
[
"a travel magazine",
"an entertainment report",
"a geography magazine",
"a fashion website"
] | 0A
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
What is penetration testing?
|
[
"A procedure for testing libraries or other program components for vulnerabilities",
"Whole-system testing for security flaws and bugs",
"A security-minded form of unit testing that applies early in the development process",
"All of the above"
] | 1B
|
computer_security
|
mmlu
|
An atom will always have
|
[
"a single, negatively-charged nucleus.",
"equal numbers of protons and electrons.",
"\"shared\" electrons from another atom.",
"a stable number of charged neutrons."
] | 1B
|
high_school_physics
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Two parakeets, each in a separate house, each in a windowless room, may share information through
|
[
"squawks",
"shrugs",
"seeds",
"notes"
] | 0A
|
college_biology
|
mmlu_labeled
|
During which of the processes below does water vapor change to liquid water?
|
[
"melting",
"freezing",
"evaporation",
"condensation"
] | 3D
|
high_school_chemistry
|
mmlu_labeled
|
I have two kids, a boy and a girl. I don't worry about my girl; I'm sure she'll be well trained in mixed martial arts. I worry about my son. I'm pretty sure he's going to be feminine . Sorry to say that, but let's face it. No dad wants his son to go feminine. At the rate we're moving in a couple of years you won't be able to tell the difference between boys and girls. Sound extreme? Think about this. In every movie where advanced time-traveling beings come to our planet, there's one constant: You can't tell the male aliens from the female aliens! But that's the future. Kids today are soft and fat. People ask why. Is it junk food? No. Junk food has been around for fifty years. Is it video games? No. Video games have been around for thirty years. None of the kids playing them back in the day were terribly obese. We're all scratching our heads trying to figure out what we've introduced to society to ruin our kids. But it's not anything we've added that has ruined our kids. It's stuff we've gotten rid of. Take the gym rope for example. Remember that thing that stretched from the floor to the ceiling in your gym class that you could never climb? Most of the kids couldn't make it to the top. But that wasn't the point; the point was you had to try while some middle-aged guy who couldn't make it up a flight of stairs shouted at you. We should have put our son on that rope, and given him a head start. But we didn't want to shame the boy, so we took it down. Taking down the rope would be a good idea if there were no ropes in life. But they're everywhere. You just can't see them. They're in every goal unrealized and expectation not met. The point everyone missed about the rope is you weren't supposed to make it to the top. It was there to create a fire that burned in the oversize belly of every kid. What does the rope probably symbolize?
|
[
"Goals.",
"Expectations.",
"Competition.",
"Assistance."
] | 2C
|
human_sexuality
|
mmlu_labeled
|
A cell phone in a vehicle can be a life-saving communication tool in case of emergency. However, actually using a cell phone while driving can be life-threatening. Studies have shown that new drivers are especially prone to have an accident when they use a cell phone while driving. The reason for this is that new drivers have less experience in concentrating on driving during distractions . Also, several studies done on teen drivers found that many teens often send text messages while driving. Since text messaging involves both the hands and the eyes, this is thought to be more distracting and dangerous than when drivers use a cell phone only for speaking and listening while driving. All drivers who use a cell phone while driving are reported to be at least four times more likely to have an accident than drivers who don't use a cell phone while driving. Such studies have inspired many countries, including the United States, to have at least some bans on hand-held cell phone use while driving. However, many people feel that these restrictions are far from enough. Hand-free cell phones were still found in many studies to distract the drivers' attention even though the drivers had both hands on the wheel . In some studies, drivers themselves admitted that they sometimes become distracted when they use any type of the cell phones while driving. Some studies have shown that using a cell phone while driving is actually just as dangerous as driving drunk! Both cases can impair the drivers' concentration as well as their reaction time to other vehicles or problems on the road. If a cell phone is used in crawling traffic such as a traffic jam, it is not as likely to cause danger as when a driver uses a cell phone at even moderate speeds on twisting and turning roads. Why are new drivers who use a cell phone while driving more likely to have an accident?
|
[
"Because they will pay all attention to the cell phone.",
"Because their hands will leave the wheel.",
"Because their eyes will not look at the road.",
"Because they are more likely to be distracted."
] | 3D
|
computer_security
|
mmlu_labeled
|
An example of an electrical circuit running properly would be
|
[
"dimming lights",
"swimming in pools",
"running outside",
"riding bikes"
] | 0A
|
electrical_engineering
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Which organ directly works to protect the human body from disease?
|
[
"heart",
"kidney",
"pancreas",
"skin"
] | 3D
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
In the United States, many low income parents cannot afford to buy enough food for their children. A program called Kids Cafe is helping some of these children by providing free nutritious snacks and meals during after-school programs. At a community center in Virginia just outside of Washington, D.C., children make a snack as part of their afterschool program. "The snack is very healthy for your body, but the main thing is that it tastes really, really good," Keith Clements tells them. He runs the Kids Cafe program. The children are between the ages of 5 and 11 and are from several local schools. About half have parents from Ethiopia. Many of the children eat their traditional food at home. Kids Cafe, with food offered free by a food bank, gives them an opportunity to try different types of food. "It's good," says one girl. But Rebecca Nance, whose parents are from the US, is not so sure. "The taste is weird." Her mother, Daffany Nance has two children in the program. She's glad her kids are getting nutritious food. "Even in my house we don't have much junk food," she says, "so it's very important that it's healthy and continues to help them grow better." The charity , Feeding America, started the national Kids Cafe program in 1993. The charity says more than 16 million children in the United States do not have enough healthy food to eat. Kids Cafe became part of the afterschool program at this community center five years ago. Lori McFail heads the afterschool program. She says some children do not eat good evening meals because their parents work late or cannot afford healthy food. She hopes the children will make full use of what they've learned about nutrition in their lives. What is the purpose of starting Kids Cafe?
|
[
"To provide poor children with nutritious food.",
"To raise money for some poor children.",
"To develop the afterschool program.",
"To help poor children learn new skills."
] | 0A
|
nutrition
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Everywhere man is altering the balance of nature.He is facilitating the spread of plants and animals into new regions, sometimes deliberately, sometimes unconsciously.He is covering huge areas with new kinds of plants, or with houses, factories, slag-heaps and other products of his civilization.He exterminates some species on a large scale, but favours the multiplication of others.In brief, he has done more in five thousand years to alter the biological aspect of the planet than has nature in five million. Many of these changes which he has brought about have had unforeseen consequences.Who would have thought that the throwing away of a piece of Canadian waterweed would have caused half the waterways of Britain to be blocked for a decade, or that the provision of pot cacti for lonely settlers' wives would have led to Eastern Australian being overrun with forests of Prickly Pear? Who would have prophesied that the cutting down of forests on the Adriatic coasts, or in parts of Central Africa, could have reduced the land to a semidesert, with the very soil washed away from the bare rock? Who would have thought that improved communications would have changed history by the spreading of disease-sleeping sickness into East Africa, measles into Oceania, very possibly malaria into ancient Greece? These are spectacular examples; but examples on a smaller scale are everywhere to be found.We make a nature sanctuary for rare birds, prescribing absolute security for all species; and we may find that some common and hardy kind of bird multiplies beyond measure and ousts the rare kinds in which we were particularly interested.We see, owing to some little change brought about by civilization, the starling spread over the English country-side in hordes.We improve the yielding capacities of our cattle; and find that now they exhaust the pastures which sufficed for less exigent stock. The following examples except _ reflect man altering the balance of nature.
|
[
"man is covering huge areas with new kinds of plants",
"man is facilitating the spread of animals into new regions.",
"man is killing some species on a large scale",
"man is getting to know the importance of keeping the balance of nature."
] | 2C
|
college_biology
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Mom and Dad are two of the most important people in your life. You probably see at least one of them every day. If your dad worships the Pittsburgh Steelers, you may grow up being a big fan of that football team. And if your mom loves to read,you just may grow up carrying a book everywhere you go, just like she does. Here are some ways for you to get along well, and build a strong relationship with your parents. Spend time together. Don't sit there playing computer games or watching TV. Ask your mom and dad to play with you. Go outside together, or do some reading. Be kind. Little things might mean a lot to your mom or dad. You can (make a parent happy) with a hug,a card,or a joke. It's also lovely when a kid cleans up his or her room without being asked. And if you try not to fight with your brothers or sisters, your parents will be so happy! Do your best at whatever you do. You don't have to be perfect ,but when you do your best,you make your parents proud. It makes them happy to see how you're turning into a great kid. Why? Because it lets them know _ What is the passage mainly about?
|
[
"We should respect our parents.",
"How we can get along well with our parents.",
"Parents are important to every one of us.",
"We need to share feelings with our parents."
] | 1B
|
human_sexuality
|
mmlu_labeled
|
A new World Bank report warns that children who do not get enough good food in the first two years of life suffer lasting damage. They may be underdeveloped or under-weight. They may suffer from poor health or poor intelligence. In addition, these children are more likely to drop out of school and earn less money as adults. At the same time, it notes that too little food is not the only cause of poor nutrition . Many children may suffer for other reasons. For example, the study says that mothers often fail to give their newly born babies their first breast milk. This "milk" is called colostrum . It can improve a baby's ability to fight infections and disease. The study also links malnutrition to economic growth in poor countries. A lack of nutrition in early childhood can cost developing nations up to three percent of their yearly earnings. The study suggests that poor countries could possibly double their economic growth if they improved nutrition. Africa and South Asia are affected the most by poor nutrition. The study says about half of all children in India do not get enough good food. The World Bank study also notes that rates of malnutrition in South Asia are almost double those in central and southern Africa. Other parts of the world are also seriously affected, including Indonesia, Guatemala and Peru. The study advises that developing countries change their policies to deal with malnutrition. Instead of directly providing food, the study suggests educational programs in health and nutrition for mothers with young babies. It also advises cleaner living conditions and improvements in health care. What does the passage mainly discuss?
|
[
"Poor nutrition in developing countries",
"More food is needed in developing countries",
"More help should be provided for developing countries",
"World bank should pay more attention to developing countries"
] | 0A
|
nutrition
|
mmlu_labeled
|
A new study has found evidence of aggressive behavior in children who drink four or more servings of soft drinks every day. Information for the study came from the mothers of 3,000 5-year-olds. Researchers asked the women to keep a record of how many servings of soft drinks their children drank over a two-month period. They were also asked to complete a checklist of their children's behavior. The researchers have found that 43 percent of the children drink at least one daily serving of soda, and 4 percent of the youngsters have even four or more sodas to drink every day. Shakira Suglia, a famous expert, says they've found that children who drink the most soda are more than twice as likely as those who drink no soda to show signs of aggression. "For the children who consume four or more soft drinks per day, we see more _ behaviors, which make them hard to get along well with others." The aggressive behaviors include destroying possessions belonging to others, taking part in fights and physically attacking people. The researchers have determined the link after considering factors like the child's age and sex. They have also considered other possible influence, such as whether the boys and girls are eating sweets or giving fruit drinks on a normal day. In addition, the researchers have examined parenting styles and other social conditions that may be taking place in the home. Researches are trying to find why young children who drink a lot of soda have behavior problems. An ingredient often found in soft drinks is caffeine, which helps to make people feel energetic. Doctor Suglia suggests that caffeine could cause the 5-year-olds to be more aggressive. Earlier studies of adults have found the highest sugar levels in those who carry weapons and show signs of negative social behavior. What section of a newspaper is the passage probably taken from?
|
[
"Scientific Technology",
"Science Fictions",
"Social News",
"Health Report"
] | 3D
|
nutrition
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Which of the following devices relies on electromagnetic radiation in the radio wave region of the spectrum for operation?
|
[
"sun tanning lamp",
"electric light bulb",
"cellular telephone",
"electric toaster"
] | 2C
|
electrical_engineering
|
mmlu_labeled
|
In the frozen continent of Antarctica scientists fear an alien invasion -- not from outer space, but carried in people's pockets and bags. Seeds and plants accidentally brought to Antarctica by tourists and scientists may introduce alien plant species which could threaten the survival of native plants in the finely balanced ecosystem. "The people that were carrying the most had lots and lots of seeds. They really were real threats," said Dana Bergstrom, from the Australian Antarctic Division. "When we take things in through hitchhiking then we get species which are competitive. The plants and animals there are not necessarily competitive, so we'd start losing various precious biodiversity on the (Antarctic) continent", Bergstrom told Reuters. Amongst the alien species discovered were the Iceland Poppy, and Annual Winter Grass -- all from cold climates and capable of growing in Antarctica. The Antarctic Peninsula, where most tourists travel, is now considered a "hot spot" on the frozen continent and the warmer the climate, the easier for seeds to grow. "The peninsula is warming at some of the greatest rates on the planet," said Bergstrom. The study, the first continent-wide assessment of invasive species in Antarctica, surveyed about 1,000 passengers during 2007-2008, the first year of the International Polar Year, an international effort to research the polar areas. Bergstrom said the one alien seed that had gained a foothold is Annual Winter Grass. It is a strong weed in the sub-Antarctic and is on the Antarctic island of King George. It has also made its way to the tail part of the Antarctic continent. What does the passage focus on?
|
[
"The human influence on the native plants.",
"The development of native plants.",
"The discovery of new plants.",
"The promising future of tourism."
] | 0A
|
college_biology
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Which is a hypothesis that can be easily tested?
|
[
"The Moon causes high tides.",
"During which season are the tides the highest?",
"What is the phase of the Moon when tides are highest?",
"When the Moon is full, the tides will be at their highest."
] | 3D
|
college_physics
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Few people would question the value of taking part in sports for young people. With proper training, supervision, protective equipment and techniques, and a proper emphasis on winning, sports can develop a healthy body and spirit and a life-long interest in being active and fit. Without such measures, childhood sports can lead to injuries and even paralysis or death. Even in the best conditions, no activity can be risk-free. But most serious dangers are preventable. Cyclists and football players can reduce their risks by wearing helmets, hockey players by wearing masks; basketball and tennis players by wearing eye guards; baseball players by wearing batting helmets. Besides, risks to individual players can often be found, and thus prevented, through a properly performed medical exam before a child plays. For accidents that may not be preventable, having an emergency plan and first-aid equipment, and someone trained to use the equipment, can be lifesaving. Still, each year, according to the American College of Sports Medicine, more than 775, 000 children under 14 are treated in emergency rooms for sports injuries, nearly half of them preventable. An estimated 300,000 athletes experience exercise-related head illnesses each year, and almost all of them should have been avoided. Further, from half to three-fourths of sports-related concussions are never even diagnosed; the injured are often sent back to play too soon and put at risk of another more serious brain-damaging concussion. To help reduce these risks, the National Center for Sports Safety, with the National Athletic Trainers' Association, offers a three-hour online safety course for coaches for $28 at www. SportsSafety. Org. It is implied in the passage that _ .
|
[
"prevention of injuries is not paid enough attention to",
"children under 14 are more easily hurt in sports",
"most head illnesses are related with exercise",
"none of the head illnesses should have happened"
] | 0A
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Sleep is like food for the brain. Enough sleep helps the body and brain grow and develop. However, many Chinese do not sleep well, and many do not pay enough attention to sleep. The Chinese Medical Doctor Association released the 2013 China Sleep Quality Index on March 19 to mark World Sleep Day - March 21. According to the index, nearly a quarter of Chinese people don't sleep well. Half said that they feel tired after getting up and 15 percent people have trouble falling asleep. Ye Jingying, a sleep expert at Beijing Tongren Hospital, says: "If people often wake up during the night, or always feel weak and tired in the day, they should pay attention to their sleep pattern ." Many people play with their cell phones or iPads before sleeping. The report said that this is one of the main reasons for bad sleep. Other reasons include stress and bad moods. How to sleep well? Above all, get enough sleep. Seven to nine hours of sleep every night is perfect for an adult, and eight to nine hours is best for a teenager. Forming good sleep habits is important. The report suggested that people need to keep away from digital devices for at least an hour before sleep. The lights keep their brains excited for a long while. Other suggestions include: try to go to sleep and wake up at the same time every day, even on weekends and during holidays, and do the same relaxing things before bed each night, like listening to soft music. Which of the following means that you sleep well?
|
[
"You feel tired after getting up.",
"You can fall asleep within 20 minutes.",
"You wake up several times during the night.",
"You often do something boring until you feel sleepy."
] | 1B
|
nutrition
|
mmlu_labeled
|
If you are afraid of the dark,it's not a big deal.It's perfectly normal to feel afraid After all,animals do too. "Fear matters,"says Karen Warkentin,an ecologist."It's a good thing," she adds, "because fear makes you do things that keep you alive." Like kids,many animals experience fear and they respond to the feeling in variety of ways.A frightened turtle pulls its head and legs inside its shell.A small fish will swim away when a big,hungry fish approaches. Some animals respond to fear in ways you might not expect.The first example is that the fear of being eaten can scare some frogs right out of their eggs. Warkentin made the surprising discovery while studying red--eyed tree frogs in Costa Rica. In this species,female frogs attach jellylike clumps of their eggs to the undersides of leaves.The leaves hang on branches that dangle over ponds.After they hatch from the eggs,the tadpoles then fall into the water,where they eventually grow into adult frogs. Tree frog eggs usually grow for 6 days before hatching.If they sense that a hungry snake is about to attack,however,they can hatch up to 2 days ahead of schedule. As the snakes are unable to swim,by falling into the water early,the tadpoles can escape. If hatching early helps protect red--eyed tree frogs from snakes,you might wonder why their eggs don't always hatch sooner.It turns out that hatching early brings its own danger.Once tadpoles land in the water,hungry fish and other animals like to eat them too.Staying in their eggs for a full 6 days,then,allows frog embryos to grow big and strong.This extra growth improves their chances of surviving in the water. It can be inferred from the passage that fears _ .
|
[
"help animals grow bigger and stronger",
"are less common among young animals",
"help animals move a lot to fit the environment",
"are more or less important in order for animals to survive"
] | 3D
|
college_biology
|
mmlu_labeled
|
What information supports the conclusion that Billy acquired this trait?
|
[
"Billy's scar was caused by an accident. He cut his arm when he fell off his bicycle.",
"Some scars fade more quickly than others."
] | 0A
|
natural science
|
scienceqa
|
A person wanting to protect humans from electrocution through wire contact would wrap the wire in
|
[
"a tin can barrier",
"a metal beam with steel",
"a copper rope with barbs",
"a log filled with sawdust"
] | 3D
|
electrical_engineering
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Which statement best describes the theory of natural selection?
|
[
"It guarantees the survival of a species.",
"It increases the size of a population.",
"It requires the individuals to be identical.",
"It happens over a long period of time."
] | 3D
|
natural_science
|
ai2_arc_challenge
|
David Beckham, a well-known football player, was born in London on May 2nd, 1975. He is about 1.8 metres tall. He is very strong and big. He is very quite a good football player. He scored a lot of goals for his old team---- the National Football Team of England . He joined the Real Madrid after he left his old team. He wants to play football in Pairs in the next World Cup. What is David Bechham like? _ .
|
[
"Football",
"Basketball",
"Big and strong",
"Quite and tall"
] | 2C
|
human_sexuality
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Miss Gogers taught physics in a New York school. Last month she explained to one of her classes about sound, and she decided to test them to see how successful she had been in her explanation. She said to them, "Now I have a brother in Los Angeles. If I was calling him on the phone and at the same time you were 75 feet away, listening to me from across the street, which of you would hear what I said earlier, my brother or you and for what reason?" Tom at once answered, "Your brother. Because electricity travels faster than sound waves." "That's every good," Miss Gogers answered; but then one of the girls raised her hand, and Miss Gogers said. "Yes, Kate." "I disagree," Kate said. "Your brother would hear you earlier because when it's 11 o'clock here it's only 8 o'clock in Los Angeles." Whose answer do you think is correct according to the law of physics?
|
[
"Tom's",
"Kate's",
"Bath A and B",
"Neither A nor B"
] | 0A
|
college_physics
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Need a solid excuse to dust off your running shoes? Joggers have been found to live an average of six years longer than those who don't jog. However, you'll have to run for at least one hour a week for benefit, according to a new study in Denmark. Researchers found that jogging was associated with a 44 per cent reduction in the risk of death for those over 35 years compared with deaths among those who did not run. The same benefit applied to both men and women. The 44 per cent reduction translates to an 'age-adjusted survival benefit' of 6.2 years in men and 5.6 years in women, according to Dr. Peter Schnohr, chief cardiologist from the Copenhagen City Heart study. Furthermore, the jogger's lives are not only longer but happier too as those who ran reported an overall sense of well-being, said Schnohr. The results of our research allow us to definitively answer the question of whether jogging is good for your health,' Schnohr said in a statement. 'We can say with certainty that regular jogging increases longevity. The good news is that you don't actually need to do that much to reap the benefits,' he continued. The study also found that the optimum benefit of jogging was for those who jogged at a slow-to-average pace for between an hour and two and a half hours spread over two or three weekly sessions. Researchers then compared deaths among the joggers among the non-joggers in the main study pool of almost 20,000. Over 35 years, 122 joggers died compared with 10,158 non-joggers. All the participants involved with the Copenhagen City Heart Study had their cholesterol, blood pressure, blood glucose, and BMI, measured and they were questioned about smoking, alcohol consumption, education, and income. Which of the following is true according to the article?
|
[
"Regular jogging decreases longevity.",
"The more jogging you do the longer you live.",
"The less jogging you do the longer you live.",
"Regular jogging makes people live longer."
] | 3D
|
nutrition
|
mmlu_labeled
|
It was evening rush hour on Pacific Coast Highway in Redondo Beach, CA. Drivers lined up from traffic signal to traffic signal and were anxious to get home. On a side street merging into this highway was a timid driver who was afraid to edge in and no one let her in. Some of the drivers backed up behind her and loudly blasted their horns. This made her more upset and nervous. On the right of this side street, the signal on Pacific Coast Highway turned red and traffic stopped. A driver who saw what was happening to this woman stopped a few car lengths behind her car and motioned to her to pull in front of his car. She quickly did and as he waited, two more cars dashed in behind her car. While the woman he'd helped waited for the signal to turn green, she sank into her driver's seat and was deeply relieved. Although this thoughtful man couldn't see it, her body language expressed her gratitude. If you've been in a traffic situation like the one she was in, you know how upsetting it can be. But this little act of kindness allowed her to safely reach her home. She told others about this, which encouraged them to do something nice for someone else. This kindness spreads. Someone does something nice for you and in turn you're likely to do something nice for that person or for someone else. A simple act of kindness could have a widespread effect. It's like a stone that drops in a pond and causes ripples in each direction. No one knows how far those ripples will travel but they will affect everything they touch along the way. How does the writer feel about the behavior of the man who helped the lady?
|
[
"Worried.",
"proud",
"Upset.",
"Moved."
] | 3D
|
human_sexuality
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Most American kids love Halloween treats, but a bucket of Halloween candy can be a dentist's nightmare. Some parents try to get rid of half of the candy after their children go to bed, but dentists say parents also need to separate the good kinds of treats from the bad. It is not exactly what a child eats that truly matters, but how much time it stays in his mouth. According to pediatric dentist Dr. Kaneta Lott, the most damaging stuff is something that is sticky or very hard and thus stays in the mouth for a long time. This is because we all have bacteria in our mouths. When we eat, the bacteria take our food as their food and produce an acid that destroys the surface of the teeth, causing cavities to form. The longer the food stays in the mouth, the more likely cavities will develop. Therefore, potato chips are worse than candy because they get stuck between teeth. For the same reason, raisins and crackers are not the best choice. Hard candies take a long time to consume and are also a bad choice for Halloween treats. If children really love candy, dentists recommend that they eat chocolate instead. Unlike hard candies, chocolate dissolves quickly in the mouth. Besides, chocolate contains tannins, which help to kill some of the bacteria in the mouth. But no matter what a child eats, brushing after each meal is still the best way to fight cavities. According to the passage, which of the following is true of tannins?
|
[
"They are produced when the bacteria digest the food.",
"They help to get rid of some bacteria in the mouth.",
"They help chocolate to dissolve more quickly.",
"They destroy the surface of the teeth."
] | 1B
|
nutrition
|
mmlu_labeled
|
About ten men in every hundred suffer from color blindness in some way. Women are luckier, only about one in two hundred is affected in this matter. Perhaps, after all, it is safer to be driven by a woman! There are different forms of color blindness. In some cases a man can not see deep red. He may think that red, orange and yellow are all shades of green. Sometimes a person cannot tell the difference between blue and green. In rare cases an unlucky man may see everything in shades of green - a strange world indeed. Color blindness in human beings is a strange thing to explain. In a single eye there are millions of very small things called "cones". These help us to see in a bright light and to tell difference between colors. There are also millions of "rods" but these are used for seeing when it is nearly dark. They show us shape but no color. Some insects have favorite colors. Mosquitoes like blue but do not like yellow. A red light will not attract insects, but a blue lamp will. In a similar way human beings also have favorite colors. Yet we are lucky. With the aid of the cones in our eyes we can see many beautiful colors by day, and with the aid of the rods we can see shapes at night. One day we may even learn more about the invisible colors around. Why do some people say it is safer to be driven by women?
|
[
"Women are more careful.",
"There are few color-blind women.",
"Women are fonder of driving than men.",
"Women are weaker but quicker in thinking"
] | 1B
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Americans usually eat three meals a day. Breakfast usually comes before eight o'clock in the morning. They usually have eggs, some meat, bread, fruit juice and coffee. Lunch is between twelve and one o'clock. It is like a light meal and working people must take lunch with them or get it near workplace. Children in school take sandwiches, fruit, and cookies with them or eat in school. Supper, the main meal, is between six and eight in the evening. People cook it carefully. They may have meat or chicken, turkey and duck. They may all have potatoes or rice, vegetables or salad. The drink is coffee, tea or milk. Then comes the dessert. Americans usually have breakfast and supper at _ .
|
[
"home",
"office",
"in school",
"workplace"
] | 0A
|
nutrition
|
mmlu_labeled
|
What do water, aluminum, redwood trees, and valley quail all have in common?
|
[
"They are all pure elements.",
"They are all made of cells.",
"They are all living creatures.",
"They are all made of atoms."
] | 3D
|
natural_science
|
ai2_arc_challenge
|
Girls who get enough dairy products in their diets may weigh less than other teens with the same age. Girls who consumed more dairy products were found to have slimmer middles than girls of the same age and race who ate the same number of calories and got the same amount of exercise. Girls who drank more soda, but also ate the same total calories, tended to be heavier. The newly reported study included 323 white and Asian girls between the ages of 9 and 14. A number of studies, mostly in adults, have shown that calcium may be key in maintaining normal body weight and fat stores. One reason may be the nutrient's effects on hormones that help store calories as fat. In the new study, reported in the Journal of Nutrition, calcium from dairy sources, but not non-dairy foods, was related to lower weight and less abdominal fat--the link was particularly strong among girls of Asian decent , who made up 47 percent of the study group. This suggests that "the dairy ingredient of the calcium intake is the key factor," write the study authors, led by Dr. Rachel Novotny of the University of Hawaii in prefix = st1 /Honolulu. It's possible, they explain, that other nutrients in milk play an important role in weight balance. For reasons that are unclear, the effect on body fat was stronger for Asian girls than for white girls, according to Novotny and her colleagues. They _ that ethnic differences in which dairy products are usually consumed, or in eating habits-having small amounts of dairy throughout the day, for instance, rather than a single large serving--may help explain the finding. According to the researchers, soda may increase pounds by adding calories to kid's diets, or by replacing milk. Milk, they note, has a range of nutrients, including protein and fat, which means it is metabolized ly slowly. Soda contains only sugar, which is quickly metabolized, easily causing hunger. According to this passage, dairy products_.
|
[
"always prevent girls from becoming fat",
"can lower body fat in girls",
"are most favored by girls of Asian descent",
"contain more calcium than non-dairy foods"
] | 1B
|
nutrition
|
mmlu_labeled
|
One cold winter morning, an old woman had to go to see her doctor. When she walked into the doctor's office, she told him that her right leg hurt and sometimes she could not walk. She asked him what was wrong. She told him that she had never had such a feeling before. The doctor checked the old woman carefully, then he said, "You're in good health for a woman of your age. I think the trouble in your right leg is just a matter of old age catching up with you. We get all kinds of illness as we get older. The trouble will almost certainly end in spring." "I don't think so, doctor!" she said. "My left leg is well, and it's the same age as my right one." What was wrong with the old woman?
|
[
"She ate little food every day.",
"One of her legs hurt.",
"Her hands were both hurt.",
"Her head hurt badly."
] | 1B
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Using only these supplies, which question can Mona investigate with an experiment?
|
[
"Do the deer eat fewer leaves from bean plants sprayed with garlic spray than from unsprayed bean plants?",
"Do the deer eat fewer leaves from bean plants sprayed with coffee spray than from unsprayed bean plants?",
"Do the deer eat more leaves from tomato plants or from squash plants?"
] | 0A
|
natural science
|
scienceqa
|
Based on this information, what is Hoppy's phenotype for the eye color trait?
|
[
"red eyes",
"brown eyes"
] | 1B
|
natural science
|
scienceqa
|
What is the color1 of the universe? Astronomers had not answered this question, until two months ago. That is when two American astronomers reported on their study of all the light in the universe. They said that the universe would appear to the human eye to be a light greenish color1, called turquoise . Karl Glazebrook and Ivan Baldry of Johns Hopkins University in Baltimore, Maryland, reported their finding in January. They presented the research at a meeting of the American Astronomical Society. They said that finding the color1 of the universe was not part of their serious scientific research. They did it for fun. However, earlier this month, the scientists admitted to making a mistake. They said their finding was much more color1ful than it should have been. They now say the light from our universe is closer to white. It is more like a milky or creamy white color1. Their study attempted to show what people might see if they could observe the universe from far away. The scientists found the average color1 by combining light from about two-hundred-thousand star systems. Their information came from an observatory in New South Wales, Australia. These scientists and color1 engineers attempted to reproduce the result. Mark Fairchild of the Rochester Institute of Technology in New York was the first person to identify a mistake. He discovered a mistake in the computer software program used by the Johns Hopkins scientists. When the mistake was corrected, the results changed. The new color1 of the universe is much less color1ful. It is very close to white. The scientists have apologized for the mistake. They are now working with the Rochester Institute of Technology to produce more images of the color1 of the universe. They also asked for suggestions for a name for the new color1 of the universe. Which of the following was NOT true about the color1 of the universe?
|
[
"It was once considered close to green.",
"It was finally discovered close to white.",
"It is called turquoise now.",
"It appears milky of creamy."
] | 2C
|
astronomy
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Children laugh often and easily. But as we grow up, we laugh less and feel more stressed. Try laughing for no reason at all. That's how thousands of people start their day at Laughter Clubs around the world, and doctors now think that having a good laugh may be one of the best ways to keep healthy. The first Laughter Club was started in Mumbai ,India ,in June,1995 by Dr Madam Kataria. " Young children laugh about 300 times a day. Adults laugh between 7 and 15 times a day, "says Dr Kataria . "Everyone's naturally good at laughing . We want people to feel happy with their lives." There are now more than 500 Laughter Clubs in India and over 1,300 worldwide. Place: 264 North Main Street , East Longmeadow. We're in an office building near the entrance. Walk down the hall and we're on the right .2-1-c-n-j-y When : Every Sunday afternoon from 3:45 p.m. to 4:45 p.m. Cost : Free. Ages : Adults from 18 to 75. Parking :If you're facing the building ,the car park is on the right of the building . Teacher : Robert Rivest. More information ,go to http:// www. robertrivest.com. If you want to feel like a kid again, try our Laughter Club . You will get used to it in five minutes and begin to laugh for real in ten minutes and sometimes you just can't stop! You'll experience deeper pleasure in half an hour. You'll meet other people who want more fun and laughter. And you will feel so relaxed in about one hour ! Come and join us for laughter and a fun social experience! How soon will you begin laughing for real in the Laughter Club ?
|
[
"In five minutes.",
"In ten minutes.",
"In half an hour.",
"In about one hour."
] | 1B
|
nutrition
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Cities could soon be looking after their citizens all by themselves thanks to an operating system(OS) designed for the metropolis. The Urban OS works just like a PC operating system but keeps buildings 9 traffic and services running smoothly. The software takes in data from sensors dotted around the city to keep an eye on what is happening. In the event of a fire the Urban OS might manage traffic lights so fire engines can reach the blaze swiftly. The idea is for the Urban OS to gather data from sensors buried in buildings and many other places to keep an eye on what is happening in an urban area. The sensors monitor everything from large scale events such as traffic flows across the entire city down to more local phenomena such as temperature sensors inside individual rooms. The OS completely bypasses humans to manage communication between sensors and devices such as traffic lights, air conditioning or water pumps that influence the quality of city life. Channeling all the data coming from these sensors and services into a over-arching control system had lots of benefits, said Steve Lewis, head of Living Plan FT-the company behind Urban OS.The system can help with monitoring patients at hospitals. Urban OS should mean buildings get managed better and gathering the data from lots of sources gives a broader view of key city services such as traffic flows, energy use and water levels. " If you were using an anatomy analogy, the city has a network like the nervous system, talking to a whole bunch of sensors gathering the data and causing actions," said Mr.Lewis. " We distribute that nervous system into the parts of the body--the buildings, the streets and other things. Having one platform managing the entire urban landscape of a city means significant cost savings, implementation consistency, quality and manageability, he added. "And it' s got local computing capacity to allow a building or an automotive platform to interact with people where they are, managing the energy, water, waste, transportation, logistics and human interaction in those areas." That' s dealt with by the building itself, with the devices very locally talking to each other to figure out what' s the best solution for the current dilemma. The Urban OS can benefit the citizens because it can _ .
|
[
"nurse patients at hospitals",
"put out fires in distance",
"clean their houses and streets every day",
"provide the latest information for them"
] | 3D
|
computer_security
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Assume all other forces on Natalie are balanced. Which statement describes the forces on Natalie?
|
[
"The forces are balanced, so there is no net force on Natalie.",
"The forces are unbalanced, so there is a net force on Natalie."
] | 1B
|
natural science
|
scienceqa
|
Based on this information, what is Odette's phenotype for the leg color trait?
|
[
"Ll",
"white legs"
] | 1B
|
natural science
|
scienceqa
|
December 2 Sharon called about four times today. At least it shows she's trying to explain something to me. I feel a little better. December 3 This morning Sharon said she had only told one person and didn't know why everyone seemed to know. Yes, I am an adopted daughter. But she had promised to keep it a secret for ever! December 5 I wish I had a friend I could really trust all of the time. I thought I found that friend, but I haven't and it's making me miserable ! It's wrong to tell her all about it. She gains my trust, and then loses it. December 7 I have a nice room, beautiful house and everything I've ever wanted. My adoptive parents will give me all the things I've ever dreamed of. Yet all the money in the world can't buy what I want now. I want for Sharon to be my best friend again. December 10 Sharon just called. She said she thought it might help if we spent more time together. She worried that I would switch schools . She is the best friend I've ever had. When I'm with Sharon, I can be myself. I need Sharon's friendship. I need it more than I've ever known. December 16 I just had the most _ two days of my life! This was the best time I've had for a long, long while. Yesterday, we walked five times around the park and today we walked along the river for twenty minutes. We talked so much. Sharon, Sharon, no brick wall between us now. It can be inferred that in the end the author and Sharon _ .
|
[
"were not friends anymore",
"became good friends again",
"would switch to another school together",
"could hardly understand each other"
] | 1B
|
human_sexuality
|
mmlu_labeled
|
You are unable to naturally make yourself taller because height is determined by
|
[
"parents",
"Cookies",
"Space",
"Eggshells"
] | 0A
|
high_school_biology
|
mmlu_labeled
|
If the hackings taught us anything in 2014, it's actually nothing. Password management firm SplashData released its list of the worst passwords of the year and it's just as terrible as you'd think. The most common leaked password in 2014 was "123456," followed by "password" -- both topped the list the year before, too. While numbers were as popular as ever as passwords, sports terms like "baseball" and "football" were used more often. Birthday years were common too (especially 1989, 1990, 1991 and 1992) and names like "Michael", "Jennifer" and "Hunter" are also among the top 100 worst passwords of 2014. Here's a look at the top 10 worst passwords of the year: 1. 123456 (Unchanged from 2013) 6. 234567890 (Unchanged) 2. password (Unchanged) 7. baseball (New) 3. 12345 (Up 17) 8. dragon (New) 4. 12345678 (Down 1) 9. football (New) 5. qwerty (Down 1) 10. monkey (New) This year's worst passwords are painfully weak, but what were once considered clever password strategies -- using symbols, capitalizations, the number 3 in place of the letter "e" -- are old tricks. It's now recommended to pick a different password for each account you use -- you wouldn't use the same key in all of your locks, and the same goes for passwords. Companies like Facebook, Twitter and Apple are now trying to make hacking more difficult on their services by offering two-factor authentication , which is basically like double locking your door at night. Each time you want to log into that account, the company will send a code to your phone -- it changes after each login attempt, so hackers would have to be in physical possession of your smartphone to know the code. What can we learn from the text?
|
[
"Hackers leaked many more passwords in 2014.",
"Symbols were among the top 10 worst passwords.",
"123456 was the most common leaked password in both 2013 and 2014.",
"People are getting more experienced in picking their passwords."
] | 2C
|
computer_security
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Turn on the radio. A program will come out from a broadcasting station miles and miles away. We know that sounds and music themselves couldn't travel that distance through space .There must be something that brings the program from the station. But what is this silent carrier ( ) ? This is known as radio waves. However, we can't see them or even hear them. In fact, nobody knows exactly what they are. Nevertheless( ) ,we know that they are made by electricity . At the broadcasting station, people talk, sing, play musical instruments or make many other sounds. These sounds are changed into electricity. Then from the broadcasting aerial of a tall tower , electricity sends out radio waves which travel in all directions .And some of them reach your radio aerial. What happens next is a magical thing. The radio waves start an electric current ( ) in your aerial like the one that was first made in the broadcasting station . Finally, the loudspeaker in your radio set changes the electricity into sound .Therefore, you hear the program. ,. You may find this passage in a _ .
|
[
"guidebook",
"science magazine",
"fashion newspaper",
"fictional novel"
] | 1B
|
high_school_physics
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Two pieces of the same metal are placed on a table. The pieces of metal have the same density, mass, and texture. Which characteristic must be the ONLY difference between the two samples?
|
[
"They have different dimensions.",
"They have different boiling points.",
"They are made up of a different type of matter.",
"They contain a different amount of matter per unit volume."
] | 0A
|
natural_science
|
ai2_arc_challenge
|
In what way can bacteria be good for the human body?
|
[
"Bacteria help the body have strong bones.",
"Bacteria help maintain body temperature.",
"Bacteria help deliver oxygen to the cells.",
"Bacteria help break down food."
] | 3D
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
The mass of Saturn's rings is 2x1019 kg. What is the ratio of this mass to that of a 200 km diameter spherical moon made entirely of water-ice (density ~ 1 g/cm3)? That is what is Mrings : Micy moon?
|
[
"1 : 1",
"50 : 1",
"5 : 1",
"0.5 : 1"
] | 2C
|
astronomy
|
mmlu
|
This March, the H7N9 virus hit Zhejiang, Shanghai, Anhui, Jiangsu and so on. It seemed that most people who were infected with H7N9 had the common flu. Some people suffered from a fever or a cough. Don't be afraid---it's not easy to be infected with the virus. Here is some advice to help you protect yourself when it comes. Wash your hands. You need to wash your hands with soap and hot water before you eat, after you use the toilet , and after you touch animals, because your hands may carry viruses. Cover your nose and mouth, when someone sneezes or coughs, flu viruses can travel as far as one meter through the air, so you'd better stand a proper distance while talking to someone who has a cold. And always cover your nose and mouth with a piece of paper when you sneeze or cough, and then clean your hands. Wear a mask . Some doctors say that masks can stop the flu as much as 80%, but if you don't wash your hands often, it's no use wearing a mask. And it's necessary to wear a mask in the groups of people. Do sports often. Exercise will help your body strong enough to _ the virus. What's the main idea of this passage?
|
[
"It tells us how to wash hands.",
"It tells us why we should use masks.",
"It tells us we should do more exercise to be strong.",
"It gives us some advice on how to protect ourselves when the H7N9 virus comes."
] | 3D
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
What information supports the conclusion that Melissa inherited this trait?
|
[
"Melissa's parents have dark skin. They passed down this trait to Melissa.",
"Melissa and her father both have dark hair."
] | 0A
|
natural science
|
scienceqa
|
Hello! I'm Tom Green. I'm English. This is my mother. Her first name is Mary. This is my father. His first name is Steve. My phone number is seven six zero, nine one seven six. Li Lei is my friend. His English name is Paul. He is Chinese. His phone number is two eight one, five two four eight. Look at the photo. Who is that in the photo? It' s my cousin. His name is Eric. He is a middle school student. Tom' s phone number is _ .
|
[
"760-9176",
"687-9716",
"706-9671",
"607-9176"
] | 0A
|
elementary_mathematics
|
mmlu_labeled
|
As for older people, some of the applications are hard to use because they didn't grow up with them. They don't have simple models of how it should work. They don't know what to do when it doesn't work. I think there is huge potential, so I have designed some for them. The ability to connect to friends, who remember the same movies, news and music, is really important, especially as people get older. They end up in retirement homes and they aren't always close to their friends. Allowing the network to help them connect with friends and family members is a really powerful thing. My wife likes using the Internet, although it took me years to get her to use e-mail. She was born with normal hearing, but lost it when she was three years old. She was totally deaf for many years until 53 when she got ear implants .They work really well. That is a big change for her. Before then, her friends couldn't call her on the phone, so they insisted that she use e-mails to communicate with them. The younger people don't even think of this as technology. It's just there, and they use it .There's been a very interesting change in communication styles between the old and the young .A woman named Sharryturkle wrote about this phenomenon .There are some kids who are now in their teens and are tending not to make phone calls. And they think of e-mail as old-fashioned and slow. The reason why teens don't make phone calls seems to be that they don't know what to say. When they call they often pause for a while. On the other hand, texting is considered proper, and it's OK if you don't answer. You might have been distracted .It's not considered rude, but it's considered unusual if you're in this kind of voice conversation and simply stop talling. Why did the author's wife connect with others by e-mail? Because she _ .
|
[
"didn't like to talk on the phone",
"didn't know how to use the phone",
"couldn't move or meet with her friends",
"was deaf and couldn't hear others on the phone"
] | 3D
|
computer_security
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Which object has the least thermal energy?
|
[
"a 220-gram bottle of water at a temperature of 54°F",
"a 220-gram bottle of water at a temperature of 50°F",
"a 220-gram bottle of water at a temperature of 73°F"
] | 1B
|
natural science
|
scienceqa
|
If you dream of going to someplace warm to escape the cold winter weather, a trip to a recently discovered planet would certainly warm you right up. The planet, named OCLE-TR-56b, has temperatures of more than 3,000 degF. "This is the hottest planet we know about," says Dr. Dimitar Sasselov, a scientist who led the discovery team, "It is hot enough to have an iron fog and to rain hot iron droplets " The new planet is 30 times farther away than any planet discovered by scientists before. It is in the Milky Way but it is not in our solar system The new planet moves around a star much like our sun, however. Scientists discovered the planet by using a new planet-searching method, called"transit technique" They were able to catch sight of the planet when it moved in front of its star, causing the star's light to dim .Scientists compare the method to discovering the shadow of a bee flying in front of a searchlight 200 miles away. "We believe the door has been opened wide to go and discover planets like Earth," says Sasedlov. The "transit technique" can _ .
|
[
"help dim the light of a star.",
"help scientists with a searchlight",
"help discover a bee on a planet",
"help find a planet moving before its star"
] | 3D
|
astronomy
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Stop. Listen! What do you hear? You may hear many different sounds. Some of those sounds may be noise. Noise is a loud or unwanted sound. Noise can be caused by many kinds of machines, such as motorcycles, jet planes and farm tractors . Rock music is also noise. What happens to people who live near noisy machines or use them over a period of time? Doctors have found that these people have trouble in sleeping. But, most important, constant loud noise can cause a loss of hearing. Scientists use a unit of measure called decibel to measure the loudness of a sound. The sound of a quiet room, for example, measures 35 decibels. Talking measures between 40 and 65 decibels. Sounds from traffic and from some rock bands can measure over 120 decibels. Noise at this high level causes the great hearing loss. A decibel is a _ .
|
[
"unit that measures sound",
"kind of noise",
"machine that makes loud noise",
"person who hates sound"
] | 0A
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
What's this? It's P. What color is it? It's green. What's this and what color is it? It's E. It's yellow. What's this? It's N. It's red. What's this? It's a pen. Spell it,please. P--E---N. I have a blue pen. This my ruler. It's yellow. My jacket is black and my quilt is green. It's nice. My ruler and E are _
|
[
"green",
"yellow",
"blue",
"red"
] | 1B
|
elementary_mathematics
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Amoebas have zero options and must preform
|
[
"zero duties",
"most duties",
"all responsibilities",
"some duties"
] | 2C
|
college_biology
|
mmlu_labeled
|
This would be associated with a lack of sunlight:
|
[
"a wide sandy desert",
"carbonic acid in groundwater",
"a tropical beach scene",
"a rice plantation in the North"
] | 1B
|
human_aging
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Nobel, who was born in Stockholm, is a great scientist famous for his dangerous experiments. Nobel studied in the USA and then Russia between 1850 and 1859. After his return, he started researching into bombs. As is known, bomb is dangerous to life, but Nobel was working under that condition. Once a big explosion in his lab completely destroyed the lab and caused some deaths. After that he had to experiment on a boat in a lake. He received criticism and satire , but he proceeded with the work rather than losing heart. From 1860s to 1880s, Nobel made many achievements and his inventions were first used in building roads and digging tunnels. Most of the bombs were safer and more possible to be controlled. Even at the end of the 20th century, we still used his methods. Nobel had many patents in Britain and other European countries. He was quick to see industrial openings for his scientific inventions and built up over 80 companies in 20 different countries. Indeed his greatness lay in his outstanding ability to combine the qualities of an original scientist with those of a forwardlooking industrialist. But Nobel's main concern was never with making money or even with making scientific discoveries. Seldom happy, he was always searching for a meaning to life, and from his youth, he had taken a serious interest in literature and philosophy. His greatest wish, however, was to see an end to wars, and thus peace between nations, and he spent much time and money working for this cause. To follow his will, a fund was set up to encourage people to make great progress in physics, chemistry, physiology , medicine, literature and peace. That's the Nobel Prize which means great honor to a scientist. Which of the following statements is true according to the passage?
|
[
"His wonderful will surely provided other scientists with a large sum of money.",
"In leaving behind a wellmeant will, Nobel succeeded in setting up a permanent monument for his interests and ideals.",
"Nobel made a glorious will so that he might be remembered and respected after his death.",
"Nobel expressed his wish in his will that a monument should be put up in memory of him."
] | 1B
|
college_biology
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Gordon Ramsay is one of prefix = st1 /Britain's best-known chefs. He is one of the only three chefs in the country to maintain three Michelin stars for their restaurant. Gordon was born in Scotlandbut was brought up inEnglandafter his family moved toStratford. He played football as a teenager for Oxford United Football Club's youth side and was spotted by a scout for Rangers. He became a professional player at the age of 15. After a knee injury that left him unable to regain full fitness, he was released from the club. At the age of 19 Ramsay now turned his hand to cookery. He worked under Marco Pierre White and Albert Roux in London and Guy Savoy and Joel Robuchon in Parisbefore becoming head chef of the newly-opened Aubergine restaurant in 1993. By 1996, the restaurant had been awarded two Michelin stars. In 1998 Ramsay opened his first own restaurant inChelsea. The restaurant gained three Michelin stars in 1999, making Ramsay the first Scot to gain the achievement. From there his empire has expanded rapidly, opening a lot of restaurants. Ramsay has published six books on cooking and also appeared in two documentaries --Boiling Pointin 1998 andBeyond Boiling Pointin 2000. The series showed that Ramsay is a hot-tempered man in the kitchen; he was seen yelling dirty words at his staff and throwing equipment around. Food critic Gill, who was famously fired from Ramsay'sChelsearestaurant, has said that Ramsay is "a wonderful chef, just a really second-rate human being". Ramsay had to leave the club because _ .
|
[
"he wanted to be a cook",
"he didn't have a gift for football",
"his knee was badly hurt",
"his family moved toEngland"
] | 2C
|
nutrition
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Mike Maietta was eating lunch when he got a text message from his mom. "Notre Dame," it said. " _ !" Mike, a senior at a Californian high school, shouted with joy. The big envelope meant that the excellent university in Indiana had offered him a place in its Class of 2013. But the $51,300 annual fee is a big trouble. So Mike and his parents are considering offers from several other colleges and are figuring out the costs of tuition, housing and holiday trips home. This year, money is the driving factor for a growing number of high school seniors, who have to decide what colleges to attend this fall. Less jobs and house prices have changed family spending. "We're excited that Mike got into eight great schools," said Mike's father, an engineer at Microsoft. "But if you consider going to school out of state, you've got to think about all of the other costs: moving, flying back and forth for the holidays. You're looking at about $3,000 a year, just for travel." As families weigh their choices, some are going back to financial aid offices hoping help packages can be increased. Rachel Brown was happy to get a thick envelope from New York University (NYU). Although she has always wanted to live in Manhattan, she is seriously considering the University of California San Diego (UCSD), because of the high cost in New York. "The tuition for NYU is twice as much as UCSD," said Rachel, 17. "My mom doesn't want me to have a big debt when I graduate, and I don't want that either. I'd have to take out a loan of $15,000. I'll check and see if there's any way that NYU can offer me any financial aid." More than 7.6 million American students have filled out the Free Application for Students Aid, 19.9 percent increase over last year. This month the Federal Department of Education urged college financial aid officers to give more help to certain families. A record 30,428 students applied for 2,300 places at Stanford, partly because the university increased financial aid for families earning below $10,000. Mike may give up Notre Dame because of _ .
|
[
"travel fees",
"financial concerns",
"poor exam results",
"worries about living far away from home"
] | 1B
|
high_school_macroeconomics
|
mmlu_labeled
|
A scientist conducts an experiment on the growth rate of a specific species of plant. Which of these is needed for the data to be relied upon by other scientists?
|
[
"The investigation must use many variables.",
"Equipment used in the investigation must be new.",
"Results of the investigation must be recorded accurately.",
"The investigation needs to be performed by well-known scientists."
] | 2C
|
natural_science
|
ai2_arc_challenge
|
China Daily Oct. 11----The ministry of Health has called for more awareness from the public on the mental health of the young, as part of efforts to make World Mental Health Day which fell on Friday. More than 15 percent of Chinese youths have been found with mental problems, and about 30 million young people under 17 are suffering from depression, the Shang-based Wenhui Daily reported. The World Health Organization estimates that before 2020, the rate of children with mental problems will increase to 50 percent, and mental problems will become a major factor behind deaths and illness in the young worldwide. Deng Xiaohong, the spokesperson for the Beijing Municipal Health Bureau, said rapid changes are one of the reasons behind the rising number of youngsters with psychological problems. If these mental diseases are not addressed on time, occurrence of crimes, drug-taking and other dangerous behavior are expected to rise. Experts said mental diseases could be caused by many factors, such as the inability to handle interpersonal relations well, unstable emotions and pressures from an overload of studies. A number of experts have also said the one-child policy is another reason leading to poor mental health in the young. Children are said to be too " spoiled" and "selfish" in a one-child family. It's reported schools in many cities are rolling out measures to help students maintain their mental well-being. Yin Jingmiao, a teacher of the Beijing No.105 Middle School, told China Daily that the school invites psychologists to provide counseling to students three times a month." Students can be arranged to have 40-minute counseling sessions," Yin said. The school also gives lectures on mental health to senior grade students before they take the national college entrance exams to help ease any anxiety arising from the tests. Which of the following can be the best title for the passage?
|
[
"Efforts to Mark World Mental Health Day",
"Seriousness of Youngsters' Mental Health Problems",
"How to Maintain Mental Well-being",
"Public Awareness on Youngsters' Mental Disease Expected"
] | 3D
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Butterfly gardens can be grown throughout the United States.There is a wide variety of both butterflyattracting (nectar) plants and host plants covering climate zones throughout the country.Butterfly gardens can range in size from a few containers placed in a sunny spot to several acres. Nectarproducing plants will attract butterflies to your garden.In order to support a full butterfly life cycle,host plants (for laying eggs and used as a caterpillar food source) must also be present. Throughout the country,the general requirements for butterfly gardening are the same:full sun,nectar source plants,larval host plants,a pesticidefree environment,and knowledge of the local butterfly species.Many butterflyattracting plants are natives and require little attention,as they are naturally adapted to the region in which they live. Butterfly gardens are best planted in spring with younger plants or in fall with mature plants that will become dormant quickly and reemerge in spring.It is best not to plant in the heat of summer or the cold of winter. One of the most common mistakes in butterfly gardening is planting only one nectar source.Adult butterflies have a very short lifespan.Planting a variety of nectar sources will encourage more butterflies to visit the garden.Planting an adequate supply of host plants gives butterflies a place to lay their eggs,which will successfully hatch and result in butterflies that will continue to visit the garden. Butterflies typically lay their eggs in late spring and hatch 3-6 days after they are laid.It takes 3-4 weeks for a caterpillar to pupate and 9-14 days to emerge as an adult. Good resources for learning more about butterfly gardening include zoos,botanical gardens,butterfly houses,garden centers and nurseries,libraries and the Internet.There are many good websites dedicated to butterflies and butterfly gardening. Native butterflyattracting plants are better because _ .
|
[
"they smell better to butterflies",
"they can adapt to the local region",
"they can grow faster and taller",
"they can be planted in a container"
] | 1B
|
nutrition
|
mmlu_labeled
|
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