question
stringlengths 4
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5
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Do you love holidays but hate the increase of weight that follows? You are not alone. Holidays are happy days with pleasure and delicious foods. Many people, however, are worried about the weight that comes along with these delicious foods. With proper planning, though, it is possible to control your weight. The idea is to enjoy the holidays but not to eat too much. You don't have to turn away from the foods that you enjoy. The following suggestions may be of some help to you. * Do not miss meals. Before you leave home for a big dinner, have small, low fat foods. This may help to keep you from getting too excited before delicious foods. * Begin with clear soup and fruit or vegetables. A large glass of water before you eat may help you feel full. Use a small plate ; a large plate will encourage you to have more than enough. * Better not have high fat foods. Dishes that look oily have much fat in them. * Fill your plate with salad and green vegetables. * If you have a sweet tooth, try some fruits. They don't have as much fat as cream and chocolate. * Don't let exercise take a break during the holidays. A 20 minutes' walk after a meal can help burn off calories . Which of the following is a good way to stop us putting on weight during holidays?
|
[
"Don't take exercise and have a rest.",
"Just have clear soup and fruit or vegetables.",
"Drink a large glass of water before eating.",
"Use a big plate and fill it with beef and chicken."
] | 2C
|
nutrition
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Which object has the most thermal energy?
|
[
"a fish tank at a temperature of 76°F",
"a fish tank at a temperature of 52°F",
"a fish tank at a temperature of 66°F"
] | 0A
|
natural science
|
scienceqa
|
"ONE in every 50 Shanghai women has cancer, a total of more than 140,000 women currently living in the city, and cancer statistics are based on citizens with permanent residency ," officials from the Shanghai Center for Disease Control and Prevention said ahead of International Women's Day on Friday. However, they said the city's rate of cancer in women was rising slowly along with its rising number of elderly people. Early screening for breast, colorectal and cervical cancers can help prevent 30 percent of cancer cases. Breast, colorectal, lung, gastric and thyroid cancers are the five most common cancer forms among women, with breast cancer accounting for 16 percent of Shanghai's new cases each year and colorectal cancer 13 percent. Cervical cancer, although only the 12th leading cancer in women in Shanghai, is particularly common among women between 25 and 54 years old. Dr Zheng Ying, director of the center's tumor prevention and control department, said , "breast, colorectal and cervical cancers accounted for 32 percent of female cancers". He added, " However, the three types of cancer can be detected and treated properly through early and regular screening. Our main target of women's cancer prevention education this year is breast cancer, cervical cancer and colorectal cancer."The prevention and control of colorectal cancer will be a new public health project this year with the city government promoting a community-based screening program. Experts say women over 20 should examine their breasts every month and have annual clinical checks after the age of 35. Women over 50 should have mammograms(X) every two years. For cervical cancer, women over 20 should be checked every three years. Women over 50 years old should have annual medical checks. Zheng said anyone with a family history of the three types of cancer should be aware of the need for more frequent examinations and early screening. What is the best title of the passage?
|
[
"the women with cancer in Shanghai",
"lots of women in Shanghai have cancer",
"the five most common cancer forms among women in Shanghai",
"The prevention and control of cancer"
] | 1B
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Most children have heard their parents at one time or another yell "sit up straight!" or "don't slouch!" In the past, this was usually heard at the dinner table as children ate dinner. But these days, it is also heard around another activity-video games. Ten-year old Owaish Batliwala, from Mumbai, India, admits he spends three to four hours each day playing games on his tablet computer. His mother Mehzabin became concerned when her son started saying that his neck hurt. She said, "My son started having neck problems around June or July. The pain slowly spread to his hand and his back. He plays for hours on the iPad and mobile phone. This is what has caused the problem." Sadia Vanjara is a physical therapist. She says the number of young children with chronic pain in their necks, arms and shoulders is on the rise. Dr. Vanjara says the pain is not from aging, accidents or disease. It is from poor posture, or body position, while playing video games. "They are not aging, they haven't had an accident, their age is like, under 10, they are not complaining, the blood reports are fine, their x-rays are fine, their MRI's are fine, then where is the culprit ? And that is the very common thing that is happening amongst all children and that is smart phones and the gadgets ." This is a problem in many parts of the world. But there are more smartphone users in India than anywhere else in the world, except China. Networking equipment company Cisco estimates that the number of smartphone users in India will increase from 140 million today to 651 million by 2020. 19-year old student Nida Jameel says she feels pain in the finger which holds the weight of her smartphone most of the day. She says she uses her smartphone 24/7. This means 24 hours a day, seven days a week, or all the time. "As I use phone 24/7 (all day) like, so probably yeah, it was because of the phone, continuous usage and Snapchat, Whatsapp, more and more you know social media coming, so like phone is the center of everything." Dr. Vanjara says the best treatments for the pain are daily exercises. "And start stretching it in all the possible directions that you can." Correct posture can help prevent pain. Dr. Vanjara teaches children how to hold their gadgets correctly. She tells a patient to hold the gadget in front of the face. She says that bending the head down to look at the device, strains the neck and creates an unhealthy bend to the back. Sadia Vanjara predicts we will see not only physical but psychological and emotional problems resulting from overuse of gadgets. Experts advise taking breaks from using a computer or other device often. Stand up. Stretch your legs, back, shoulders and arms. And when your work or school work is done, unplug and exercise. Whatcaused Owaish Batliwala's neck to hurt _ ?
|
[
"Studyingtoohard",
"Thebadbodyposition",
"Playingthe iPad and mobile phone for hours",
"Hismother'sconcern"
] | 2C
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Scientists at Harvard University and Bates College find female chimpanzees appear to treat sticks as dolls, carrying them around until they have children of their own. Young males engage in such behavior much less frequently. The new work by Sonya M. Kahlenberg and Richard W. Wrangham, described this week in the journal Current Biology, provides the first evidence of a wild nonhuman species playing with dolls, as well as the first known sex difference in a wild animal's choice of playthings. The two researchers say their work adds to a growing body of evidence that human children are probably born with their own ideas of how they want to behave, rather than simply mirroring other girls who play with dolls and boys who play with trucks. Doll play among humans could have its origins in object--carrying by earlier apes , they say, suggesting that toy selection is probably not due entirely to socialization. "In humans, there are obvious sex differences in children's toy play, and these are remarkably similar across cultures," says Kahlenberg. "While socialization by elders and peers has been the primary explanation, our work suggests that biology may also have an important role to play in activity preferences." In 14 years of data on chimpanzee behavior at the Kibale National Park in Uganda, Kahlenberg and Wrangham counted more than 100 examples of stickcarrying. Some young chimpanzees carried sticks into the nest to sleep with them and on one occasion built a separate nest for the stick. "We have seen juveniles occasionally carrying sticks for many years, and because they sometimes treated them rather like dolls, we wanted to know if in general this behavior tended to represent something like playing with dolls," says Wrangham, a Professor at Harvard. "If the doll hypothesis was right, we thought that females should carry sticks more than males do, and that the chimpanzees should stop carrying sticks when they had their first child. We have now watched enough young chimpanzees to prove both points." What causes the different toy selection of chimpanzees, according to the passage?
|
[
"Sex difference.",
"Socialization.",
"Environment.",
"Cultural difference."
] | 0A
|
college_biology
|
mmlu_labeled
|
This is not a diet. It's a simple way to lose weight~ And you don' t even have to give up the food you love or join a gym. You just follow some habits that thin people have. Keep them, and you'll become thin. ( 1 ) Wake - up When you wake up in the morning, sit up slowly without using your hands. With legs straight out, bend( ) forward until you feel sore in your back. It will burn about 10 calories (,). (2) Start with soup When you have a meal, order a clear soup, and have it before having the main food. In this way, you'll feel fuller, so you'll eat less when the main food comes. (3) An apple (or more) a day Apples are full of fiber and water, so your stomach will want less. The study shows that people who eat at least three, apples a day lose weight. (4) Stand up and walk around Every time you use the mobile phone, stand up and walk around. Heavy people sit on average two and a half hours more each day than thin people. This skill is very important as standing up and walking around will burn 50 or more calories. Use these skills, and you will have a big weight loss. ,A, B, C, D,. (5,2,10) Eating apples make one's stomach want less food _ .
|
[
"Because apples are delicious.",
"Because apples are full of fiber and water.",
"Because apples are sour.",
"Because only apples are filled with calories."
] | 1B
|
nutrition
|
mmlu_labeled
|
The many ponds in the area along with massive swarms of mosquitoes lead the dragonflies to
|
[
"convert the area into swampland",
"experience a sharp increase in available resources",
"leave the area in search of a better habitat",
"experience a dramatic decrease in population"
] | 1B
|
high_school_biology
|
mmlu_labeled
|
What information supports the conclusion that Lucia inherited this trait?
|
[
"Lucia and her biological father wear sunglasses when they go outside.",
"Lucia has green eyes like her biological mother.",
"Lucia's neighbor has green eyes."
] | 1B
|
natural science
|
scienceqa
|
Our risk of cancer rises dramatically as we age. So it makes sense that the elderly should be routinely screened for new tumors -- or doesn't it? While such vigilant tracking of cancer is a good thing in general, researchers are increasingly questioning whether all of this testing is necessary for the elderly. With the percentage of people over age 65 expected to nearly double by 2050, it's important to weigh the health benefits of screening against the risks and costs of routine testing. In many cases, screening can lead to additional biopsies and surgeries to remove cancer, which can cause side effects, while the cancers themselves may be slow-growing and may not pose serious health problems in patients' remaining years. But the message that everyone must screen for cancer has become so ingrained that when health care experts recommended that women under 50 and over 74 stop screening for breast cancer, it caused a riotous reaction among doctors, patients and advocacy groups. It's hard to uproot deeply held beliefs about cancer screening with scientific data. Certainly, there are people over age 75 who have had cancers detected by routine screening, and gained several extra years of life because of treatment. And clearly, people over age 75 who have other risk factors for cancer, such as a family history or prior personal experience with the disease, should continue to get screened regularly. But for the remainder, the risk of cancer, while increased at the end of life, must be balanced with other factors like remaining life expectancy . A recent study suggests that doctors start to make more objective decisions about who will truly benefit from screening- especially considering the explosion of the elderly that will soon swell our population. It's not an easy calculation to make, but one that make sense for the whole patient. Dr. Otis Brawley said, "Many doctors are ordering these tests purely to cover themselves. We need to think about the rational use of health care and stop talking about the rationing of health care." That means making some difficult decisions with elderly patients, and going against the misguided belief that when it comes to health care, more is always better. How do some researchers now look at routine cancer screening for the elderly?
|
[
"It adds too much to their medical bills.",
"It helps increase their life expectancy.",
"They are doubtful about necessity.",
"They think it does more than good."
] | 2C
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
In the fall of 1985. I was a bright-eyed girl heading off to Howard University, aiming at a legal career and dreaming of sitting on a Supreme Court bench somewhere. Twenty-one years later I am later I am still a bright-eyed dreamer and one with quite a different tale to tell. My grandma, an amazing woman, graduated from college an the age of 65. She was the first in our family to reach that goal. But one year after I started college, she developed cancer. I made the choice to withdraw from college to care for her. It meant that school and my personal dream would have to wait. Then I got married with another dream: building my family with a combination of adopt and biological children. In 1999, we adopted our first son. To lay eyes on him was fantastic---and very emotional. A year later came our second adopted boy. Then followed son No. 3. In 2003, I gave birth to another boy. You can imagine how fully occupied I became, raising four boys under the age of 81. Our home was a complete zoo---a joyous zoo. Not surprising, I never did make it back to college full-time. But I never gave up on the dream either. I had only one choice: to find a way. That meant talking as few as one class each semester. The hardest part was feeling guilty about the time I spent away from the boys. They often wanted me to stay home with them. There certainly were times I wanted to quit, But I knew I should set an example for them to follow through the rest of their lives. In 2007, I graduated from the University of North Carolina. It took me over 21 years to get my college degree! I am not special, just single-minded. It always struck me that when you're looking at a big challenge from the outside it looks huge, but when you're in the midst of it, it just seems normal. Everything you want won't arrive in your life on one day. It's a process. Remember;little steps add up to big dreams. When the author went to Howard University, her dream was tobe
|
[
"a writer",
"a teacher",
"a judge",
"a doctor"
] | 2C
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Give this memory test a try. Mix up 52 playing cards. Now look at the top seven for a second. Can you remember them in order? Players at the World Memory Championships can. In fact, the 2002 champion , Andi, memorized the order of 1196 cards after looking at them for only an hour! And a German girl, Lara, only ten years old, memorized 75 faces and names in fifteen minutes! In 1987, a Japanese man, Mr. Tomoyori, wanted to prove that his memory was the best in the world by remembering by heart pi (p), a number in math which starts 3.14159...This number never repeats itself or ends. He recited pi to 40,000 decimal places . It took the fifty-five-year-old man more than twelve hours to say the numbers, but he did it without making a mistake! To remember pi, Mr. Tomoyori connected each number with a sound. He then made up stories to help him remember the words he made from the sounds. In an interview after his achievement, he said, "I decided to go ahead and memorize the value of pi up to one thousand places. But it wasn't easy - in fact, it took me three years. To get to 40,000 decimal places it took me about ten years." Unluckily for Mr. Tomoyori, his record was broken in 1995, when another Japanese man, Mr. Goto, memorized pi to 42,195 places. Who remembered the greatest numbers according to the passage?
|
[
"Andi.",
"Lara.",
"Mr. Goto.",
"Mr. Tomoyori."
] | 2C
|
elementary_mathematics
|
mmlu_labeled
|
A person catches and measures a large fish called a halibut. She thinks that this halibut is above average in size. To help support her thinking, it would be most helpful to measure
|
[
"many types of fish.",
"many fish of the same type.",
"fish from the same location.",
"fish during a different season."
] | 1B
|
college_biology
|
mmlu_labeled
|
This material was less of a thermal conductor
|
[
"aluminum",
"copper",
"thermal underwear",
"steel"
] | 2C
|
high_school_physics
|
mmlu_labeled
|
pollination is when wind carry pollen from one flower to another
|
[
"genetically similar thing",
"rock",
"cloud",
"water"
] | 0A
|
college_biology
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Lidong came on November 8 this year. It is the Chinese word for one of the 24 solar terms . It means the beginning of winter. As the weather gets colder and there is less sunlight, people are more likely to get sick. Adults in the US usually have two to four colds each year. Young children suffer from six to eight colds per year, especially in winter months, according to the American Lung Association. One of the best ways to keep healthy during winter is to stay warm. There are many ways to stay warm. A living room should be around 18-21 C, and you can also use a hot water bottle or at least 16 C. blanket to keep warm while in bed. Getting plenty of exercise is always a good idea. Take a walk on a sunny afternoon, do a long distance run or skip rope. These things keep your blood moving and your metabolism fired up. Food gives us energy and helps to warm us from the inside. High-protein foods, like fish and meat, provide a lot of energy. Add some things to your winter dishes, such as ginger, pepper and garlic. These things can make you warm. A winter coat warms you up from the outside. Add several layers of thin clothing, for example, a shirt and a thin sweater, to stay even warmer. Clothes made from wool are usually very warm. How to make winter days colorful? Is it too cold to play outside? Don't worry. Here are some tips for having fun at home. Give it a try! # Enjoy a movie with your parents. There are a lot of choices, such as Spy Kids. You can also talk about the movie with your parents after it's over. # Cook a meal with your parents. You can cook some simple dishes, such as scrambled eggs with tomato. You may need your mother's help for the first time. # Clean your bedroom. You need to sweep the floor, tidy your desk and make your bed. By doing this, you really help your mother a lot. # Read your favorite book. Reading is not only helpful for your writing ability, but can also help to build your character. According to the passage, we can _ to have fun at home in winter days.
|
[
"wear some warm clothes",
"get a lot of indoor exercise",
"add some things to the food",
"cook some dishes with parents"
] | 3D
|
nutrition
|
mmlu_labeled
|
It is said that people born on different dates have different characteristics. For example, people who were born between March 21 and April 20 are likely to be active and strong. They like power and enjoy adventures. People who were born between April 21 and May 21 are likely to learn more slowly, but they can remember what they learn well. They love children and usually have many friends. People who were born between May 22 and June 21 are bright and humorous. They like to talk and enjoy wearing fine clothes. People who were born between June 22 and July 22 think deeply. They would rather hide their feelings than express them. People who were born between July 23 and August 22 are interested in many subjects and it is interesting to hear them talk. People who were born between August 23 and September 22 are said to be calm and thoughtful. They like to read and often become successful scientists. If you have free time, you can read about star signs to see if your characteristics match your birth date. People who were born _ often become successful scientists.
|
[
"between April 21 and May 21",
"between July 23 and August 22",
"between August 23 and September 22",
"between June 23 and July 22"
] | 2C
|
astronomy
|
mmlu_labeled
|
If a species of plant or animal ceases to exist on earth, either by natural causes or by activities of humans, the loss of the plant or animal
|
[
"reversible extinction",
"cannot be undone",
"reversible",
"a subspecies"
] | 1B
|
college_biology
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Monkeys That Lend a Hand Have you ever dropped something while both your hands were full and wished you had another hand to pick it up? Some people cannot use their arms or hands to do simple jobs because they have been hurt or are sick. Usually they depend on other people to help them. This problem made two women think about how they could help people who cannot do everyday things for themselves. In 1979 Dr. M. J. Willard and Judi Zazula began looking at some small, friendly monkeys called capuchin monkeys. These monkeys have hands like people's hands, and they like to be around people. Could the monkeys be trained to do things that people could not do for themselves? The women wanted to find out if their idea would work. So they spent a long time training some capuchin monkeys, and they found that these animals made great helpers. Today the first step in training a young capuchin monkey is to have it stay home with people and watch how they live. The monkeys learn how to _ around people. Then the monkeys go to a special school in Boston. There they learn how to do many easy chores. They are taught how to carry food and pick up dropped objects. They learn how to open doors and turn light switches on and off. They even learn how to use CD players and VCRs. After a monkey finishes its training, it goes to live with a person who needs help. If the person wants a light turned on, the monkey does it. If the person needs a glass of water, the monkey brings it. If the person wants to watch TV, the monkey turns it on. The monkey becomes a very important part of that person's life. In fact, the monkey often becomes the person's good friend. Capuchin monkeys are people's great helpers because _ .
|
[
"they learn more quickly than other monkeys",
"they have hands like people's hands",
"they like to watch how people live",
"they are small, cute and naughty"
] | 1B
|
college_biology
|
mmlu_labeled
|
To live forever was the dream of many emperors in ancient China.People were ordered to call them Wansui,which means 10,000 years,but no human could live that long.How long can humans really live? According to the latest scientific discovery,humans are able to live up to the age of 120 or perhaps even longer. Several recent studies showed that our life span can be extended far beyond normal limits.Cynthia Kenyon,a professor at the University of California in San Francisco doubled the life of a worm from two weeks to a month.By changing the function of a single gene,known as daf-2,the scientist not only added extra days to the worm's life but also kept it a healthy as worms which were half its age. There are two similar genes in the bodies of mammals.By changing the function of on gene,scientists extended the life of a mouse by 1 8 per cent(or 4.5 months).Another gene is called IGF-1.Researchers still don't know how it affects our body.But by reducing its functions the life of a mouse increases by 33 per cent for 8.6 months).The average life span of a mouse is 26 months. In the experiment of extending life,an ancient saying,"you are what you eat." also seems to be true.Vegetables contain fewer calories than meat,and help to prolong life,scientists say. Research has found that taking in fewer calories affects our lives in a similar way to reducing IGF-1. US biologist John Phelan suggests low calorie diets could increase human life span,but there is no proof yet. Researchers are still waiting for the results of a study started in 1987.Monkeys are fed with low calorie food to see what happens.A monkey's typical life span is 40 years,so there is a little while to wait. In China,average,life expectancy has now reached 70,double that of 1949. Increasing the length of our lives may bring us closer to the dreams of our ancient emperors.But it may also cause social problems such as housing and employment,social scientists have warned. Which of the following is TRUE about statement of life span?
|
[
"A few emperors in ancient China could live up to 10,000 years.",
"Creatures aren't able to lives up to 120 years.",
"The dream of living forever is coming true.",
"In China,the average life span is twice as long as it was half a century ago."
] | 3D
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Mercury and gold are both metals. Unlike gold, mercury cannot be used to make jewelry because it is a liquid at room temperature. The difference in the state of matter is an example of which type of property?
|
[
"chemical",
"electrical",
"nuclear",
"physical"
] | 3D
|
natural_science
|
ai2_arc_challenge
|
FOR most people, life without plants is unimaginable. They feed us, clean up our air and brighten up our gardens. But what if someone told you that even our smartphones can benefit from plants? Meet the scientists from the Freiburg University of Mining and Technology in Germany. According to reports from Reuters, they have come up with a way to take the important element germanium from plants. The element was first discovered in Germany (hence the name) and was used to develop the first transistor because it can transport electricity very quickly. Nowadays, silicon-germanium alloy plays an important role in making computers, smartphones and fiber-optic cables . Although germanium can be found in soil around the world, it is difficult to extract . In the traditional process, people take the material after zinc mining or burning coal. But the Freiburg scientists decided to fall back on the natural world. Biology professor Hermann Heilmeier is one of the scientists who are using common plants for this uncommon process. "Different energy crops are being planted, for example, sunflowers, corn ... we want to use them for phytomining. In German we call it 'mining with plants'." Others have used this method in the past with metals like gold and copper . But in their study, the Freiburg scientists brought germanium from the soil into the roots and shoots of the plants, harvested them and then took the element from the plants. The process did not cost too much because germanium can be taken after plants are processed for use as biogas . So many of the costs are already covered in existing biogas plants. However, there is still a lot of work to do before we can all experience the benefits. At the moment germanium can only be harvested in very small amounts, just a few milligrams per liter. Now scientists are working on different plants to improve this. "As is so often the case, industry is still waiting because they want to see everything already working. Then they say, 'We'll have it.' But of course we have to complete the step in between first," said Professor Martin Bertau, head of industrial chemistry at Freiburg University. Which of the following statements would Professor Martin Bertau agree with?
|
[
"Many businesses have already started contributing money to this research.",
"Industry and science have stronger and closer connections than is generally expected.",
"People from related industries showed no interest in extracting germanium from plants.",
"Germanium has to be extracted from plants in large quantities before this type of extraction becomes industrialized."
] | 3D
|
college_biology
|
mmlu_labeled
|
You might think I'd have little in common with a camel, but we do share one useful skill: both of us can go for a very long time without water. Usually I start my day with a cup of tea, and then I might have a glass of water with my lunch and one with dinner, that's about a liter of liquid in 24 hours. It feels like plenty, but apparently it's not nearly enough. After years of suffering headaches and poor digestion I spoke to a neurologist about my regular headaches and a nutritionist about my poor digestion, and both told me I should be drinking up to three liters of liquid a day for my body to function at its best. I decided to conduct an experiment. What would happen if I drank the recommended amount every day for a month? The photograph of me taken the day I started this trial demonstrates perfectly and rather frighteningly what a lack of hydration does to a face. I am 42, but have to admit I look more like 52 in this picture, which is shocking. There are dark shadows under and around my eyes, which make me look exhausted, a profusion of wrinkles and strange reddish blotches, and my skin lacks any luster . It looks dead. Even my lips look shriveled . This is all classic evidence of poor hydration, apparently. Every system and function in our body depends on water. It flushes toxins from the vital organs, carries nutrients to cells, provides a moist environment for ear, nose and throat tissues, and eliminates waste. Not drinking enough means all these functions becomes damaged. So I decided to see how I would look and feel if I drank three liters of water every day for 28 days. The results were astonishing. The author's lack of hydration caused the following physical responses Except _ .
|
[
"shriveled lips",
"enough luster of her skin",
"dark shadows around her eyes",
"wrinkles and blotches on her face"
] | 1B
|
nutrition
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Maybe you never opened that account, but someone else did ----someone who used your name and personal information to commit fraud . When an imposter uses your name, your credit card number, or some other piece of your personal information for their own purpose -in short, when someone takes your personal information without your knowledge -it's a crime, pure and simple. The biggest problem is that you may not know your identity has been stolen until you notice that something's wrong: you may get bills for a credit card account you never opened, your credit report may include debts you never knew you had, a billing cycle may pass without your receiving a statement, or you may see charges on your bills that you didn't sign for, and even don't know anything about. If someone has stolen your identity, the Federal Trade Commission (FTC) suggests that you take three actions immediately. First, contact the fraud departments of each of the three major credit offices. Tell them to flag your file with a fraud alert including a statement that creditors should get your permission before opening any new accounts in your name. Then, ask the credit offices for copies of your credit reports. Credit offices must give you a free copy of your report if it is not correct because of fraud. Review your reports carefully to make sure no additional fraudulent accounts have been opened in your name or unauthorized changes made to your present accounts. In a few months, order new copies of your reports to check your corrections and changes, and to make sure no new fraudulent activity has occurred. What should you do first when you find your identity is stolen?
|
[
"Inform creditors not to open any new accounts in your name without your permission.",
"Ask for copies of your credit reports and make sure no other frauds have been made.",
"Keep ordering new copies to check what you have already changed and corrected.",
"Always lock your ID card in your cupboard in case it should be stolen."
] | 0A
|
computer_security
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Humans go through multiple stages in their life. First is infancy, last is
|
[
"Stage 7",
"being an adult",
"high school",
"puberty"
] | 1B
|
human_aging
|
mmlu_labeled
|
When I was small, my grandmother died. I was so sad that I had no tears. But that night when my dad tried to cheer me up, my laugh turned into crying. So it came as no surprise to learn that scientists believe crying and laughing come from the same part of the brain. Just as laughing has many health advantages, scientists are discovering that so, too, does crying. Whatever it takes for us to _ pressure is important to our emotional health, and a study found that 85 percent of women and 73 percent of men report feeling better after crying. Besides, tears attract help from other people. Researchers agree that when we cry, people around us become kinder and friendly and they are more ready to provide support and comfort. Tears also enable us to understand our emotions better; sometimes we don't even know we're very sad until we cry. We learn about our emotions through crying, and then we can deal with them. Just as crying can be healthy, not crying - holding back tears of anger, pain or suffering - can be bad for physical health. Studies have shown that too much control of emotions can lead to high blood pressure and heart problems. If you have a health problem, doctors will certainly not ask you to cry. But when you feel like crying, don't fight it. It's a natural -and healthy-emotional response . Why did the father tried to cheer his daughter up?
|
[
"Because she was crying.",
"Because she never had tears.",
"Because she was very sad.",
"Because she was very happy."
] | 2C
|
human_sexuality
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Which ping pong ball has less thermal energy?
|
[
"the hotter ping pong ball",
"the colder ping pong ball"
] | 1B
|
natural science
|
scienceqa
|
Select the plant.
|
[
"Oak trees can have thick branches.",
"Orcas swim in the ocean."
] | 0A
|
natural science
|
scienceqa
|
When did you see a polar bear ? On a trip to a zoo, perhaps ? If you had attended a winter activity in New York a few years ago, you would have seen a whole polar bear club. These "Polar Bears" are people who meet frequently in the winter to swim in freezing cold water. That day, the air temperature was 3 degrees. And the water temperature was a little higher. The members of the Polar Bear Club at Coney Island, New York are usually about the age of 60. Members must satisfy two requirements. First, they must get along well with everyone else in the group; this is very important because there are so many different kinds of people in the club. Polar Bears must also agree to swim outdoors at least twice a month from November through February. Doctors don't agree about the medical effects of cold-water swimming. Some are worried about the dangers of a condition in which the body's temperature drops so slow that finally the heart stops. Other doctors, however, point out that there is more danger of a heart attack during summer swimming because the difference between the air temperature and the water tempreature is much greater in summer than in winter. The Polar Bears themselves are satisfied with the benefits of cold-water swimming. They say that their favorite form of exercise is very good for the circulatory system because it forces the blood to move fast to keep the body warm. Cold-water swimmers usually turn bright red after a few minutes in the water. A person who turns blue probably has a very poor circulatory system and could not try cold-water swimming. The main benefits of cold-water swimming are probably mental. The Polar Bears love to swim all the year round; they find it fun and relaxing. As one 70-year-old woman says, "When I go into the water, I pour my troubles into the ocean and let them float away." According to the passage, some doctors believe it is true that _ .
|
[
"Polar bears are bears swimming in freezing water",
"cold-water swimming can make the body temperature dangerously high",
"you are healthy if cold-water swimming turns your skin color blue",
"cold-water swimming causes more heart attack in summer than in winter"
] | 3D
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
A researcher is conducting an investigation to determine if water temperature affects the growth rate of a certain type of fish in a lake. Which unit would the researcher use when determining the mass of the fish?
|
[
"centimeters",
"kilometers",
"grams",
"liters"
] | 2C
|
natural_science
|
ai2_arc_challenge
|
Sports shoes that work out whether their owner has done enough exercise to ensure time in front of the television have been invented in the prefix = st1 /UK. The shoes--dubbed Square Eyes - contain an electronic pressure sensor and a tiny computer chip to record how many steps the wearer has taken in a day. A wireless transmitter passes the information to a receiver connected to a television, and this decides how much evening viewing time the wearer deserves, based on the day's efforts. The design was inspired by a desire to combat the rapidly ballooning waistlines among British teenagers, said Gillian Swan, who developed Square Eyes as a final year design project at Brunel University in London. " We looked at current issues and childhood obesity really stood out," she told New Scientist. "And I wanted to tackle that with my design. Once a child has used up their daily _ gained through exercise, the television automatically switches off. And further time in front of the TV can only be earned through more steps. Swan calculated how exercise should translate to television time using the recommended daily amounts of both. Health experts suggest that a child take 12,000 steps each day and watch no more than two hours of television. So, every 100 steps recorded by the Square Eyes shoes equals precisely one minute of TV time. Gillian Swan developed Square Eyes _ .
|
[
"to gain enough TV time",
"to deal with childhood obesity.",
"to encourage TV watching.",
"to finish university design project."
] | 1B
|
nutrition
|
mmlu_labeled
|
HOUSTON (Reuters) -- Houston tops a U.S. magazine's annual fattest cities list for the fourth time in five years, with four other Texas cities in the top 25. Fast food restaurants -- Houston has twice the national average number -- are partly to blame for the dishonor,Men's Fitnesseditor-in-chief Neal Boulton said. "Americans work long hours, don't take vacations, and when they're faced with the worst food choices, they indulge in those," he said. High humidity, poor air quality and some of the nation's longest commute times also helped Texas' most populous city unseat Detroit, the 2003 heavy weight champion, the magazine said. Houston Mayor Bill White, who has worked with a major food company to develop healthy food products and the city's public schools to improve lunch menus, called the report "mostly ungrounded and nonsense." "On the other hand, it calls attention to real issues the mayor is trying to deal with," his spokesman, Frank Michel, said. The magazine said it looked at factors such as the number and types of restaurants, park space, air quality, weather and the number of health clubs. Philadelphia, Detroit, Memphis, Tennessee, and Chicago followed Houston on the seventh edition of the fat list. Texas cities Dallas, San Antonio, Fort Worth and El Paso were in the top 14, which Boulton said was no surprise. "It's pure big indulgence, just _ , and that's part of the culture," said Boulton. Seattle ranked as the fittest city. Austin and Arlington, a Dallas-Fort Worth suburb, were the only Texas cities on the fit list. Austin was 19th and Arlington 22nd out of 25. Which of the following is best supported by the text?
|
[
"Texas has the most fat cities in the U.S.",
"Bill White is happy with the newspaper report.",
"People in Texas are the most hardworking in the U.S.",
"Most school children in Houston have weight problems."
] | 0A
|
nutrition
|
mmlu_labeled
|
If you see someone drowning, speed is very important. Once you get him out of the water, if he isn't breathing, you have four minutes before his brain is completely destroyed. Support his neck, move his head back and press his chin upwards. This stops the tongue blocking the airway in the throat and is sometimes enough to get him breathing again. If that doesn't work, start mouth-to-mouth breathing. Press his nostrils (the two holes at the end of your nose, through which you breathe and smell things) together with your fingers. Open your mouth and take a deep breath. Blow into his lungs until his chest rises, then remove your mouth and watch his chest fall. Repeat twelve times a minute. Keep doing until professional help arrives. To bring a child back to life, keep your lips around his mouth and gently blow into his mouth. Give the first four breaths as quickly as possible to fill the blood with oxygen. If, in spite of your efforts, he starts turning a blue-grey colour, and you can feel no pulse , then pressing is the last chance of saving his life. With arms straight, rock forwards, pressing down on the lower half of the breastbone. Don't be too hard or you may break a rib. Check how effective you are by seeing if his colour improves or his pulse becomes independent to your chest pressing. If this happens, stop the pressing. Otherwise continue until rescue arrives. Once a person stops breathing, it means _ .
|
[
"you have no more than 4 minutes to bring him to life again .",
"his brain is completely damaged .",
"he has passed away.",
"there is no way to save his life ."
] | 0A
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
He wanted to go to college, and the only thing that might have stopped him was his disability. But this year, Zhang Yan and other physically disabled kids can realize their dream just like any other students. As registration for this year's college entrance examinations draws near, the government has loosened its requirements on physical examinations for new college students. A new rule was jointly decided in March by the Ministry of Education, the Ministry of Health and the China Disabled Persons' Federation. It clearly states that no student should be rejected simply because they have a physical disability. Schools may still advise disabled students on the choice of their major if it is likely to affect their future chances of employment. However,the final decision will be up to the student., "Now I can just go ahead and do my best in the exams. I don't have to worry that my healthier classmates will have the upper hand because of my disability," said Zhang happily. The 18-year-old boy will graduate this year from a Chengdu high school inprefix = st1 /SichuanProvince. He lost an eye during an accident as a child. Zhang's mother calledPekingUniversityto ask if her son's eye problem would make it difficult for him to accepted by the university's Bio-chemistry Department. She was happy to find out that their choice of students would be based "fairly" on exam results. "The university official said my son would be judged at the same level as other students ," said Zhang's mother. Which of the following statements is WRONG according to the report?
|
[
"There will be no physical examinations for new college students this year .",
"Zhang Yan has some interest in Bio-chemistry .",
"Examination marks are quite important to students.",
"Many colleges used to set limits to disabled students."
] | 0A
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Which of these is a function of all cells?
|
[
"to absorb nutrients and gases from blood",
"to extract energy from food to sustain life",
"to produce food using water and carbon dioxide",
"to give shape and structural support to an organism"
] | 1B
|
natural_science
|
ai2_arc_challenge
|
Which glas of apple juice has a lower temperature?
|
[
"the glass of apple juice with less thermal energy",
"the glass of apple juice with more thermal energy"
] | 0A
|
natural science
|
scienceqa
|
Select the living thing.
|
[
"shoe",
"piano",
"barrel cactus",
"pushpin"
] | 2C
|
natural science
|
scienceqa
|
With online courses, anyone can gain knowledge in any field of interest for free. All you need is a computer, laptop or Smartphone, internet connection and a self-made schedule. You can even get a certificate on completing the course. Udemy Its goal is to promote the world of education by enabling anyone to learn online. It seeks to dramatically change education by inviting millions of experts worldwide to teach and share what they know. Whether you want to learn excel, business, academics, the arts, health, music or technology, there is a comprehensive course for you. See more at https://udemy.com iTunes U If you're a student who uses Apple devices, you will be happy to know that you have access to iTunes U, which gives you access to different educational courses from all leading universities for free! Did you dream of studying at MIT, Oxford, Yale, or Cambridge? This is your chance to learn various subjects from the best colleges and universities in the world. Learn more at https://iTunesU.com Skillfeed If you are looking to learning a new skill, or improving on your skills in Photoshop, or HTML, it offers unlimited access to high-quality video courses from a worldwide community of instructors. You have a month's free trial, after which you will pay a monthly fee to gain unlimited access to all courses. See more at https://skillfeed.com Academic Earth It has linked to over 750 online courses and 8,500 individual online lectures, giving students of all ages access to college courses they may otherwise never experience. Whether learning existing coursework, or learning for the sake of learning, anyone has the freedom to learn at their own pace from world-famous experts, without being charged more. Learn more at http://academicearth.com UC Berkeley It offers courses in bioengineering, Japanese, legal studies and public health. Since they are recordings of actual lectures, they lack lecture notes and extra materials. However, each course has audio recordings of lectures via iTunes or video recordings of lectures via YouTube. Learn more at https://ucberkeley.com If you want to improve your skill of Japanese language, you can visit _ .
|
[
"https://skillfeed.com",
"https://ucberkeley.com",
"https://udemy.com",
"https://iTunesU.com"
] | 1B
|
college_computer_science
|
mmlu_labeled
|
A hug is a wonderful thing and it is a great gift to share with people. For some people, a hug is considered to be a great way to say "I care." A hug communicates support, affection , unity and belonging. A hug shows a strong feeling of sympathy. A hug brings happiness. A hug also touches the soul. Hugs are healthy. Hugs can ease pain, reduce stress, cure depression and refresh the heart, yet they have no side effects...No wonder, it is a true miracle medicine. A hug can say "I love you"...A hug can say "I hate to see you go". A hug can say " It's good to have you back". A hug can say "It's great to see you'. A hug can say "I feel your pain". A hug can also say "Let me share your burden". No matter whether you're the giver or the receiver, hugs touch the inner being. From friends, to families, to loved ones, to those in need, a hug warms the heart. A hug is truly amazing. It brings generosity to the giver and happiness to the receiver. It brings blessings to those who give and joy to those who receive. Hugs are one of the reasons why God gave us arms. So, stretch out your arms to someone today. Reach out to those you love. It will warm the heart of the giver and give light to the soul of the receiver. Reach out to your neighbor. It will show that you care. Reach out to one in need. It will show that you are responsible. Reach out to the world. It will show God that you care for his creation. Hugs can benefit people in the following ways EXCEPT _ .
|
[
"improving the health",
"cheering people up",
"making receivers happy",
"creating great wealth"
] | 3D
|
human_sexuality
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Over the next 20 years, we are going to send more and better robots to Mars. Those robots will send back better pictures, maps, samples, and weather reports. There is a limit to what robots can tell us, though, so eventually we will have to send people to study the planet. Before people can visit Mars, we need to invent a spaceship that can take us there. Mars is very far away. Depending on where Mars and Earth are in their orbits around the sun, it could take between six months to a year to get there. The moon is much closer, and we were there, 25 years ago. Over the next 10 years, we are going to work on building a new spacecraft that can go to the moon. Using this craft, we will practice the skills we need to go to Mars. Once we return to the moon, we are going to build a station so that people can live and work on the moon for months at a time. This is important so that we have a place to start from when we want to visit Mars, but it is also important because it gives us practice with living away from Earth. By the time you are old enough to be an astronaut, we will have people spending months on the moon. By the time you are old enough to be a commander of a space mission, we will be taking trips to Mars. By the time your kids are old enough to be astronauts, we may have people living on Mars. Wouldn't it be cool to get a postcard from someone who was building a house on Mars? Wouldn't it be cooler if it was you who sent the postcard? A space station on the moon is important because _ .
|
[
"it gives us experience with living on other planets",
"people can plant crops in it",
"the new spacecraft can only land in it",
"it is a place for astronauts to have fun"
] | 0A
|
astronomy
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Benny and his Dad wanted to make a pizza. On Sunday afternoon, they went to the supermarket to buy the ingredients. At the supermarket, they picked up some pizza dough, sauce, cheese, and pepperoni slices. The next day, Benny and his Dad started making the pizza. First, Benny rolled out the dough. Then, his Dad poured the sauce over the dough. Afterwards, Benny put the cheese on the pizza Last, Benny's dad put pepperoni slices on top. "Now, we must put it in the oven", Benny's Dad said. They slid the pizza into the oven and waited for it to finish cooking. After some time, Benny's Dad removed the pizza from the oven. The cheese was bubbly. "It looks great!" Benny shouted. After the cheese stopped bubbling, Benny's Dad cut the pizza into eight slices. Benny got four slices and Benny's Dad got four slices. They were both happy with how the pizza came out. They both enjoyed eating the pizza very much. What did Benny and his Dad need to buy ingredients to make?
|
[
"pizza",
"sauce",
"pepperoni slices",
"sandwich"
] | 0A
|
nutrition
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Almost every Chinese person can recite the two lines of the famous poem, " _ ". But sadly, many of us don't actually get the real meaning of these lines: Don't waste food. A CCTV program reported that the food Chinese people throw away every year is enough to feed 200 million people for a year. Do we have too much food? Absolutely not. According to the UN World Food Program, there were 925 million hungry people around the world in 2011, especially in developing countries. Six million children die of hunger every year. Chinese people are well-known for being friendly and generous. Many even feel that they lose face if their guests have eaten all the food on the table. Luckily, a number of people have realized the importance of saving food. What should we do in our daily lives to waste less food? 1. Don't order too much in a restaurant. Only order as much as you want to eat. If you cannot eat all the food you ordered, take the rest of it home. 2. Don't leave any food in your bowls while having meals. 3. Keep an eye on what food you have at home. Don't buy too much, especially for vegetables and fruit. According to the UN report, how many hungry people were there in 2011?
|
[
"6 million.",
"925 million.",
"200 million.",
"725 million."
] | 1B
|
nutrition
|
mmlu_labeled
|
As computers become more popular in China, Chinese people are increasingly relying on computer keyboards to input Chinese characters. But if they use the computer too much, they may end up forgetting the exact strokes of each Chinese character when writing on paper. Experts suggest people, especially students, write by hand more. Do you write by hand more or type more? In Beijing, students start using a computer as early as primary school. And computer dependence is more wide-spread among university students. Almost all their assignments and essays are typed on a computer. All the students interviewed say they usually use a computer. It's faster and easier to correct if using a computer. And that's why computers are being applied more and more often to modern education. But when people are _ computers increasingly, problems appear. "When I'm writing with a pen, I find I often can't remember how to write a character, though I feel I'm familiar with it." "I'm not in the mood to write when faced with a pen and paper." Many students don't feel this is something to worry about. Now that it's more convenient and efficient to write on a computer, why bother to handwrite? Many educators think differently. Shi Liwei, the headmaster of a famous primary school in the capital said, "Chinese characters enjoy both practical and aesthetic value. But those characters typed with computer keyboards only maintain their practical value. All the artistic beauty of the characters is lost. And handwriting contains the writer's emotion. Through one's handwriting, people can get to know one's thinking and personality. Beautiful writing will give people a better first impression of them." To encourage students to handwrite more, many primary schools in Beijing have made writing classes compulsory and in universities, some professors are asking students to turn in their homework and essays written by hand. We can draw the conclusion from the passage that _ .
|
[
"more and more students will give up writing on a computer",
"writing by hand will give way to typing by computer one day",
"more and more students will pay attention to handwriting",
"the typing article better expresses one's emotion and quality"
] | 2C
|
college_computer_science
|
mmlu_labeled
|
The Basics of Math--Made Clear Basic Math introduces students to the basic concepts of mathematics, as well as the fundamentals of more tricky areas. These 30 fantastic lectures are designed to provide students with an understanding of arithmetic and to prepare them for Algebra and beyond. The lessons in Basic Math cover every basic aspect of arithmetic. They also look into exponents , the order of operations, and square roots. In addition to learning how to perform various mathematical operations, students discover why these operations work, how a particular mathematical topic relates to other branches of mathematics, and how these operations can be used practically. Basic Math starts from the relatively easier concepts and gradually moves on to the more troublesome ones, so as to allow for steady and sure understanding of the material by students. The lectures offer students the chance to "make sense" of mathematical knowledge that may have seemed so frightening. They also help students prepare for college mathematics and overcome their anxiety about this amazing--and completely understandable--field of study. By the conclusion of the course, students will have improved their understanding of basic math. They will be able to clear away the mystery of mathematics and face their studies with more confidence than they ever imagined. In addition, they will strengthen their ability to accept new and exciting mathematical challenges. Professor H. Siegel, honored by Kentucky Educational Television as "the best math teacher in America," is a devoted teacher and has a gift for explaining mathematical concepts in ways that make them seem clear and obvious. From the basic concrete ideas to the more abstract problems, he is master in making math lectures learner-friendlier and less scary. With a PhD in Mathematics Education from Georgia State University, Dr. Siegel teaches mathematics at Central Arizona College. His courses include various make-up classes and a number of lectures for future primary school teachers. If the course fails to provide complete satisfaction to you, you can easily exchange it for any other course that we offer. Or you can get your money back. Where is the passage most likely to have been taken from?
|
[
"A news report.",
"A book review",
"A lesson plan.",
"An advertisement"
] | 3D
|
elementary_mathematics
|
mmlu_labeled
|
If you need glasses to read this, you are among most of Chinese students. About four-fifths of high school students in China have poor eyesight . And now more and more children in primary school need glasses, too. Two main reasons can cause poor eyesight: too much time spent indoors studying and too little time spent outdoors playing. Reading and writing for hours and hours, sometimes in poorly lighted rooms, causes eyesight to weaken. But students have to do this because there is so much pressure on them to succeed in school. They have less time to enjoy the sun. The sun, it turns out, is important in developing good eyesight. According to a study by Australian National University, Australian children and Chinese children have the same level of eyesight before they start school, but once they enter primary school, Chinese children only spend about an hour a day outside, while Australian children spend three to four hours each day in the sunshine. The result is that while about forty percent of Chinese primary school students need glasses, only three percent of Australian children do. And poor eyesight at a young age can have serious long term influence. As you get older, your eyesight can worsen. With all that in mind, don't you think it's time to give your eyes a break? How many high school students have poor eyesight in China according to the reading?
|
[
"A half of them.",
"Three percent of them.",
"Forty percent of them.",
"Four-fifths of them."
] | 3D
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
New York City plans to put a ban on the sale of large sodas and other sugary drinks at restaurants, movie theaters and street carts, in an effort to fight rising obesity. The ban would affect almost all the popular sugary drinks found in fast-food restaurants and even sports centers, from energy drinks to pre-sweetened iced teas. The sale of any cup or bottle of sweetened drink larger than 16 ounces would be forbidden under the first-in-the- nation plan. The measure would not apply to diet sodas, fruit juices, zero-calorie Vitamin Waters, dairy-based drinks like milkshakes , or alcoholic drinks; it would not expand to drinks sold in grocery stores or convenience stores. Stefan Friedman, spokesman for the New York City Beverage Association, criticized the city's plan, saying it turns focus away from the hard work that needs to be done on this front. Kelly Brownell, director of the Rudd Center for Food Policy and Obesity at Yale University, said he believes the ban would be effective. "It is not right to put all the blame for obesity on sugar drinks, but they are strongly connected with this rise in obesity over the last 30 years." Dr. Farley, the health commissioner, said the city had seen higher obesity rates in neighborhoods where soda consumption was more common. City officials said they believe it will finally prove popular and push governments around the U.S. to follow similar rules. Mr. Bloomberg has introduced a series of rules in his term of office, including bans on smoking in restaurants and parks, a ban on trans fat in restaurant food and a requirement for health inspection grades to be posted in restaurant windows. Because of the measures, the mayor was laughed at as Nanny Bloomberg, by those who view the bans as threats to personal freedom. But many of the measures adopted in New York have become models for other cities, including bans on smoking and trans fat, as well as the use of graphic advertising to fight smoking and soda consumption, and the demand that restaurants post calories contents next to prices. What's Stefan Fridman's attitude towards the city's plan?
|
[
"He thinks it may prove useful.",
"He thinks it is unreasonable.",
"He thinks it should be followed by other cities.",
"He thinks it may not be as effective as expected."
] | 1B
|
nutrition
|
mmlu_labeled
|
My grandpa is 93 years old this year. He is very healthy and looks young. Many people ask him why he is so healthy. Grandpa says good diet is very important to everyone. Grandpa has three meals a day regularly . He often eats lots of vegetables and fruit. He never drinks or smokes . He says they are bad for health. After he gets up in the morning, he often drinks a cup of water. And before he goes to bed in the evening, he has a cup of milk. He says everyone should drink some water before breakfast. Grandpa has a good lifestyle, too. He likes sports. He likes playing ping-pong and badminton. Sometimes he goes swimming. He goes running every day before breakfast, too. He says exercise can help a person keep healthy and strong. Grandpa likes watching TV. But he only watches TV in the afternoon. He doesn't watch too much TV. Many old people like playing Majon, but grandpa doesn't. He says sitting in the chair for long time is not good for health. What's the main idea of the passage?
|
[
"Grandpa's Diet",
"I Want to Be Healthy",
"How Can We Look Young",
"Why Is Grandpa Healthy"
] | 3D
|
nutrition
|
mmlu_labeled
|
It's not quite a rat. Nor is it a squirrel, or a mouse. It's definitely a rodent , and it's also a brand-new family of mammals. The locals of the Southeast Asian country of Laos call the creature a kha-nyou (ga-nyou). The kha-nyou have long body hair, short legs, and a hairy tail less thick than a squirrel's. They're vegetarians living in the rocky hills of Laos, and they come out at night, but for more information, you'll have to ask the Lao people. "It was for sale on a table next to some vegetables. I knew immediately it was something I had never seen before," said Robert Timmins, a researcher for the Wildlife Conservation Society. Timmins was working in Laos to stop people from selling endangered animals when he spotted the species. Criminals who trade illegal wildlife can make a lot of money, but they also push the animals closer to disappearing from the planet. The kha-nyou live in karsts, or rough rock. Mark Robinson, a scientist with the World Wildlife Foundation, set out with Lao villagers to find a few more of the rodents for study. They climbed onto a karst, trapped with rice, and caught several. "To find something so unusual in this day and age is just extraordinary," said Timmins. "For all we know, this could be the last remaining animal family left to be discovered." It's a big deal to discover an entirely new family of animals. Humans, for instance, belong to the same family as great apes, chimpanzees, and gorillas. So even though kha-nyous look like rats, they're really very different. The last time scientists discovered a new family of mammals may have been in the 1970s, when they found new bats in Thailand. Timmins seems to have the gift for finding new animals in Laos--he discovered a new species of rabbit there in 1999. Scientists call the kha-nyou Laonastes aenigmamus, which means "mysterious mouse that lives among the stones."But if that's too hard, Timmins and Robinson suggest you call them "rock rats". Which of the following is the last discovery of new species of animal except the rodent?
|
[
"A new kind of bats.",
"Great apes.",
"A new kind of squirrel.",
"A new kind of rabbit."
] | 3D
|
college_biology
|
mmlu_labeled
|
It seems that great artists and scientists often suffer from mental problems. Both Einstein and Dickens had mental illness. Now scientists have started to look at whether mental illness and genius are linked . Dr. Adele Juda studied 5,000 creative people in Germany. She found there were more people with mental illness in this group than in the general population. Poets had the highest rate of mental illness, followed by musicians, with lower numbers for painters and architects. Other scientists did research which also showed a strong link between mental problems and creativity. But, it did nothing to explain it. Dr. Ruth Richards of Harvard University _ . Instead of studying creative people, she took a group of psychiatric patients and tested them for creativity. The patients got much higher scores than a normal group. Also, the patients' close relatives were much more creative than the patients and a normal group. This suggests that the key to the link between creativity and mental illness is in our genes . But this is a problem. According to Darwinism, harmful genes should be removed. Some scientists believe that evolution has created a balance, where the madness of a few people leads to the development of the whole human race. Geniuses may be mad, bad or just difficult to understand, but their discoveries have improved the world we live in. It seems that a little creative madness is good for us all. According to Dr. Adele Juda, which of the following group has the lowest rate of mental illness?
|
[
"Painters.",
"Musicians.",
"Poets.",
"Bus drivers."
] | 3D
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
A ball is tossed up in the air and it comes back down. The ball comes back down because of
|
[
"gravity",
"friction",
"erosion",
"magnetism"
] | 0A
|
high_school_physics
|
mmlu_labeled
|
John is six years old. He can read and write well. But he can't tell the time. His mother, Mrs Brown teaches him many times, but he still can't tell. He would say "breakfast time" "lunchtime" and "teatime" instead of saying eight o'clock, twelve o'clock and four o'clock in the afternoon. His mother doesn't know how to help him One day, John's aunt, Mary, comes to see his mother. His mother tells her about that. His aunt says, "Let me help you. I think I can help him." When John comes home after school, Mary begins to teach him. "Can you _ , John?" she asks. "Yes. One, two, three, four..." John says. "That's fine. Now I put the long hand on twelve and the short hand on one-that is one o'clock If I put the short hand on two, what is the time?" "Two o'clock " "Good. And on three?" "Three o'clock. " Then it is four o'clock in the afternoon, and John's aunt asks him, "What time is it now, John?" "Teatime, Aunt, and I am very hungry ," John looks at the clock and answers. John's mother can teach him to _ .
|
[
"read",
"write",
"tell the time",
"speak"
] | 2C
|
elementary_mathematics
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Select the bird.
|
[
"box turtle",
"emu",
"piranha",
"sea otter"
] | 1B
|
natural science
|
scienceqa
|
Venus fly traps are poor at creating their own food though photosynthesis because
|
[
"they are unhealthy",
"they need water",
"they require insects",
"they grow slowly"
] | 2C
|
college_biology
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Which body part protects the body's soft parts?
|
[
"skeleton",
"muscles",
"heart"
] | 0A
|
natural science
|
scienceqa
|
Homer conveyed his home to his wife, Wanda, for life, remainder to his daughter, Dixie. There was a $20,000 mortgage on the home requiring monthly payments, each covering interest to date plus a portion of the principal. Which of the following statements about the monthly payment is correct?
|
[
"Wanda must pay the full monthly payment.",
"Wanda must pay a portion of the monthly payment based on an apportionment of the value between Wanda's life estate and Dixie's remainder.",
"Wanda must pay the portion of the monthly payment which represents interest.",
"Dixie must pay the full monthly payment"
] | 2C
|
college_mathematics
|
mmlu_labeled
|
The regular use of text messages and e-mails can lower the IQ more than twice as much as smoking marijuana . Psychologists say that sending/receiving messages or looking through the many menu options your mobile phone has, lowers a person's IQ by almost 10 points. British researchers have named this situation "infomania". Instead of fixed on what they are doing, people's minds are constantly focused on reacting to the technology surrounding them. This means they don't pay full attention to the work they are paid to do. The report also added that the brain can not do so many things at once. If you try to do too many things, mistakes begin to occur. And while modern technology can have huge benefits, too much use can be damaging not only to a person's mind, but to their social life. The more televisions 4-year-old children watch, the more likely they are to become bullies later on in school, a newest U.S. study said. At the same time, children whose parents read to them, take them on outings and just generally pay attention to them are less likely to become bullies, said the report from the University of Washington. Researchers also found gaps in learning and understanding such things as social skills early in life makes it more difficult for children to relate with other children. Watching violence on television leads to aggressive behavior. You could soon be able to add your favorite perfume to your e-mails. UK net provider Telewest Broadband is testing a system to let people send e-mails over the Internet with sweet smell. It has developed a kind of hi-tech air freshener that plugs into a PC and sprays a smell linked to the message. Telewest says it could be used by supermarkets to attract people with the smell of fresh bread or by holiday companies seeking to stir up images of sun-kissed beachers. .
|
[
"children whose parents care about them",
"children whose parents give them more freedom",
"children whose parents direct them over watching TV",
"children whose parents stop them watching TV"
] | 0A
|
computer_security
|
mmlu_labeled
|
As computers become more popular in China, Chinese people are increasingly relying on computer keyboards to input Chinese characters. But if they use the computer too much, they may end up forgetting the exact strokes of each Chinese character when writing on paper. Experts suggest people, especially students, write by hand more. Do you write by hand more or type more? In Beijing, students start using a computer as early as primary school. And computer dependence is more wide-spread among university students. Almost all their assignments and essays are typed on a computer. All the students interviewed say they usually use a computer. It's faster and easier to correct if using a computer. And that's why computers are being applied more and more often to modern education. But when people are _ computers increasingly, problems appear. "When I'm writing with a pen, I find I often can't remember how to write a character, though I feel I'm familiar with it." "I'm not in the mood to write when faced with a pen and paper." Many students don't feel this is something to worry about. Now that it's more convenient and efficient to write on a computer, why bother to handwrite? Many educators think differently. Shi Liwei, the headmaster of a famous primary school in the capital said, "Chinese characters enjoy both practical and aesthetic value. But those characters typed with computer keyboards only maintain their practical value. All the artistic beauty of the characters is lost. And handwriting contains the writer's emotion. Through one's handwriting, people can get to know one's thinking and personality. Beautiful writing will give people a better first impression of them." To encourage students to handwrite more, many primary schools in Beijing have made writing classes compulsory and in universities, some professors are asking students to turn in their homework and essays written by hand. The students interviewed prefer to write using a computer mainly because _ .
|
[
"they are usually asked to e-mail their Homework and Essays",
"they can correct the mistakes they make quickly and conveniently",
"they find it not easy to remember how to write a character",
"computers have become a trend and fashion in China"
] | 1B
|
college_computer_science
|
mmlu_labeled
|
A person wanting to relocate a boulder with their body will need to apply
|
[
"song",
"exertion",
"love",
"thought"
] | 1B
|
college_physics
|
mmlu_labeled
|
The Japanese government has launched a campaign encouraging people to go to bed and get up extra early in order to reduce household carbon dioxide emissions . The Morning Challenge campaign, launched by the Environment Ministry, is based on the belief that changing late night electricity for an extra hour of morning sunlight could greatly cut the nation's _ . A typical family can reduce its carbon dioxide footprint by 85kg a year if everyone goes to bed and gets up one hour earlier, according to the campaign. The amount of carbon dioxide emissions that might be saved from going to bed an hour earlier equals 20% of annual emissions from household lights. "Many Japanese people waste electrical power at night-time, for example, by watching TV until very late," a ministry spokesperson told The Daily Telegraph. "But going to bed early and getting up early can avoid wasting electrical power which causes carbon dioxide emissions. If people change their lifestyle, we can save energy and reduce emissions." The campaign also suggests that people take advantage of an extra hour of morning sunlight by improving their lifestyle in general by running, doing yoga and eating a nutritious breakfast. It is the latest initiative fighting climate change by the Japanese Environment Ministry, which is faced with the challenge of reducing carbon dioxide emissions by 25% from the level of 1990 within the next decade. It was the same government department that launched the Cool Biz campaign five years ago, which encourages workers to wear short-sleeved shirts and offices not to turn air conditioner lower than 28 degrees Celsius during summer. Getting up an hour earlier, people are advised to _ .
|
[
"work out together",
"exercise outdoors",
"enjoy the sunshine",
"live a healthier life"
] | 3D
|
nutrition
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Penguins live together,but each pair has a little piece of ground of their own.When a penguin wants to walk through its neighbor's ground,it must ask permission.If it does not do that,it will have to fight.Most of the time,penguins live on the water.They eat shell fish and look after their children carefully. All penguins are good parents--the male penguins are perhaps the best parents in the world. They walk in the sea in the middle of the dark Antarctic water. They choose their wives in the dark.They can only hear them--not see them.Then the female penguins lay their eggs and go away for about two months.The males take care of the eggs.If the eggs get cold,there will be no chicks.There is no food.The snow falls heavily and the wind blows strongly--sometimes at 150 kilometers an hour.The penguins do not move.When the females return from the sea,they will not remember their husbands.It does not matter.Only one thing matters--the eggs.Male penguins never fight--unless a penguin leaves a chick for a minute.They then fight because they all want it.They are strange and wonderful birds. From the passage we know that _ .
|
[
"penguins live a hard life",
"penguins live in pairs",
"penguins will fight if one walks through others' ground without permission",
"each penguin has a little piece of ground of its own"
] | 2C
|
college_biology
|
mmlu_labeled
|
What is the primary source of energy that causes evaporation of water from the surface of bodies of water?
|
[
"solar radiation",
"transpiration by plants",
"heat from nearby land masses",
"convection currents in the water"
] | 0A
|
college_physics
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Some wonderfully creative uses of X-rays have been in the world of art.But the most impressive one is to uncover what has been covered up.Details unfolded by an X-ray of a painting can ' t be seen any other way.For example, in the past, paintings were often repaired if small pieces of paint fell off the canvas . These repairs cannot be seen just by looking at the painting.It takes an X-ray to discover where the repairs have been made. An X-ray of a painting is one of the best ways to tell if it was created by a famous painter or if it is a forgery .If there is a question as to whether an old master has painted a certain painting or not, X-rays are made and compared to those of paintings that are known to be original.If the brushstrokes , for example, are shown to be totally different than in other work done by a certain artist, then the painting is proved to be a fake copy. Since modern paints are usually made from different materials than paints of hundreds of years ago, the image they leave on an X-ray film looks different.This is another way X-rays can be used to spot a forgery.A modem artist will try to make a forgery look hundreds of years old by painting dirty varnish on it or by using artificial means to get the varnish to look cracked.To the naked eye the forgery may look old, but when a careful study of the X-ray image is made, the _ is obvious. It was common many years ago for an artist to finish a painting, decide it wasn't any good, and paint a completely different picture on top of it.Or artists would paint over others' work --it was their version of recycling.Taking an X-ray is the only way to find out if there is a picture underneath the picture you see with your eyes.Sometimes museums will be more interested in the painting beneath than the one on top, and will restore the older one by having the top layer painstakingly removed. According to the passage,X-rays are used to _ .
|
[
"make repairs on paintings in the past",
"identify the authenticity of an artwork",
"change the materials of a forgery",
"remove the recyclable paints"
] | 1B
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Last week I talked with some of my students about what they wanted to do after they graduated, and what kind of job prospects they thought they had. Given that I teach students who are training to be doctors, I was surprised do find that most thought that they would not be able to get the jobs they wanted without "outside help". "What kind of help is that?" I asked, expecting them to tell me that they would need a or family friend to help them out. "Surgery ," one replied. I was pretty alarmed by that response. It seems that the graduates of today are increasingly willing to go under the knife to get ahead of others when it comes to getting a job . One girl told me that she was considering surgery to increase her height. "They break your legs, put in special extending screws, and slowly expand the gap between the two ends of the bone as it re-grows, you can get at least 5 cm taller!" At that point, I was shocked. I am short, I can't deny that, but I don't think I would put myself through months of agony just to be a few centimetres taller. I don't even bother to wear shoes with thick soles, as I'm not trying to hide the fact that I am just not tall! It seems to me that there is a trend towards wanting "perfection" , and that is an ideal that just does not exist in reality. No one is born perfect, yet magazines, TV shows and movies present images of thin, tall, beautiful people as being the norm. Advertisements for slimming aids, beauty treatments and cosmetic surgery clinics fill the pages of newspapers, further creating an idea that "perfection" is a requirement, and that it must be purchased, no matter what the cost. In my opinion, skills, rather than appearance, should determine how successful a person is in his/her chosen career. We can know from the passage that the author works as a_.
|
[
"doctor",
"model",
"teacher",
"reporter"
] | 2C
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
A kangaroo can have multiple babies at various stages of life at the same time. These joeys can show remarkable instincts, in that they
|
[
"hallucinate",
"nurse",
"scream",
"are born"
] | 1B
|
college_biology
|
mmlu_labeled
|
*Put sunscreen on before going out in the sun. *Take it with you. *Use it -- after a swim. -- every hour or so while playing outdoors. -- if you get sweaty. *Cover up when the sun is overhead -- 10 a.m.--2 p.m.. -- especially at lunch time. *Get your suntan gradually and not too much. *Controlled exposure to sunshine helps avoid skin cancer. Ask your chemist to recommend a suitable sunscreen. Queensland Cancer Fund P. O. Box Spring Hill, QLD.4000 Phone (07) 8397077 Provided for community awareness by the Queensland Cancer According to the passage we can see that Queensland Cancer Fund wants to _ .
|
[
"sell sunscreen, shirt and hat",
"help people guard against skin cancer",
"encourage people to play in the sun",
"make money out of sunscreen"
] | 1B
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
From the very beginning, Martin felt that he was bound up with(......)his lovely little patient. One day, following some tests , Betty gave the doctor a big hug . A few months later the doctor removed not only the tumour , but also the entire lower left side of Betty's gum and jawbone. Because Betty was so young, Martin was hopeful that her jawbone might regenerate. Within three months, Betty's tumour grew as large as an orange, changing the natural appearance of the left side of her small, delicate ( =" thin;" not strong)face. Soon she couldn't even close her mouth, and as her eating problems worsened, Betty 's weight dropped from 20 kilos to 15. Martin knew from experience that it might invade the brain. The only other possibility was thorough radiation therapy . Night after night, Betty's father gave her injection, but the tumour remained as big as ever. Then one evening. Morgan noticed that the tumour had begun to change. It was actually becoming smaller! For two months her tumour appeared to be going away for ever. In the coming months, Betty's tumour continued to appear. She was able to eat solid food once again. Her jawbone was regenerating. The tumour was gone. If the brain should be invaded, the result would _ .
|
[
"prevent her growth",
"reduce her weight",
"cause her brain damaged",
"affect her eyesight"
] | 3D
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
A group of Canada geese left a Florida lake in the spring. The geese arrived at a Maine lake 2,000 km away in 40 days. If the geese traveled at a constant rate, how far did the geese travel on the first day?
|
[
"5 km",
"20 km",
"40 km",
"50 km"
] | 3D
|
natural_science
|
ai2_arc_challenge
|
We Chinese are not big huggers. A handshake or a pat on the shoulder is enough to convey our friendship or affection to one another.So when our newly-acquainted Western friends reach out in preparation for a hug, some of us feel awkward. Many questions go through our head. Where should I put my arms? Under their armpits or around their neck? What distance should I maintain? Should our chests touch? It's even more difficult with friends from some European countries. Should I kiss them on the cheek while hugging? Which side? Or is it both cheeks? Which side should I start on? But it isn't just people from cultures that emphasize a reservedness in expressing physical intimacy who find hugging confusing. Hugs can cause discomfort or even distress in people who value their personal space. In a recent article for The Wall Street Journal, US psychologist Peggy Drexler said that although the US remains a "medium touch" culture -- "more physically demonstrative than Japan, where a bow is the all-purpose hello and goodbye, but less demonstrative than Latin or Eastern European cultures, where hugs are strong and can include a kiss on both cheeks", Americans do seem to be hugging more. From politicians to celebrities, hugs are given willy-nilly to friends, strangers and enemies alike; and the public has been quick to pick up the practice. Public figures know that nothing projects like the ability as a good hug. US First Lady Michelle Obama has put her arms around icy foreign leaders like Russian Prime Minister Dmitry Medvedev and the Queen of England, on the latter occasion actually breaking the rule of royal manners. But not all are grateful to be embraced, even by the most influential and famous. To them, any hug is offensive if it's not sincere. Amanda Hess, writing for US magazine Slate, says public figures should stop imposing hugs on everyone they meet. For them, a hug is rarely a gesture of sincere fellowship, compassion or affection. It's all part of a show. Hugs are falsely intimate power plays used by public figures to establish their social dominance over those in their grasp. Cecilia Walden, a British journalist writing for The Telegraph who lives in New York, holds the same opinion. _ , as she calls it, is "an offender dressed up as kindness". It has become a fashion in the US where "bosses are already embracing their staff (either shortly before or after firing them), men and women ,their friends or enemies, in a thousand cheating displays of unity". The example of US first lady Michelle Obama is given to show that _ .
|
[
"Americans hold a \"medium touch \"culture",
"public figures know hugging functions well in public",
"she is much liked by American people",
"hugs are forbidden in England"
] | 1B
|
human_sexuality
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Sarah's class is learning about mixtures and solutions. Her teacher writes four statements on the board. Which statement best describes a mixture?
|
[
"Both substances mix evenly.",
"Both substances can evaporate.",
"One substance dissolves into another.",
"One substance can be separated from the other."
] | 3D
|
college_chemistry
|
mmlu_labeled
|
In the geologic past, abiotic factors such as volcanic eruptions have had an impact on the availability of resources. How can volcanic eruptions impact the availability of resources?
|
[
"by decreasing the thickness of soil",
"by causing more heavy rains to erode topsoil",
"by disrupting the sunlight from reaching producers",
"by causing the surface of Earth to be warmer than usual"
] | 2C
|
natural_science
|
ai2_arc_challenge
|
The home computer industry has been growing rapidly in the United States in the last ten years. Computers used to be large, expensive machines that were very difficult to use. But scientists and technicians have been making them smaller and cheaper while at the same time they have been made easier to use. As a result, their popularity has been increasing as more people have been buying computers for their homes and businesses. Computers have been designed to store information and compute problems that are difficult for human beings to work out. Some have voices that speak to their operators. Stores use computers to keep records of their inventories and to send bills to their customers. Offices use computers to copy letters, record business and keep in touch with other offices. People also use computers in their homes to keep track of the money they spend. One important new use of computers is for entertainment. Many new games have been designed to be played on computers. People of all ages play these games. People also buy home computers to watch movies and listen to concerts at home. They have become very popular indeed. Compared with those of today, computers used to _ .
|
[
"work rapidly",
"be used for fun",
"be large and expensive",
"be easy to use"
] | 2C
|
college_computer_science
|
mmlu_labeled
|
I give two examples as to why intelligent life may not actually exist, though I admit that for me, or even for a physicist who devoted his or her entire life to researching and studying the universe, it's shocking to claim that completely no life exists elsewhere. Keeping that in mind, I'd just like to consider conditions elsewhere in the known universe. You really only need to look at our own solar system or the Earth at certain periods in its own history to appreciate that most places are much worse and much less suitable for life than our mild, watery globe. So far, space scientists have discovered about seventy planets outside the solar. But it appears that if you wish to have a planet suitable for life, you just have to be very lucky, and the more advanced the life is, the luckier you'll have to be. I'm by no means a space observer, but I can recognize some particularly fortunate breaks we've had on the Earth. For example: We are, to a degree, at the right distance from the perfect type of star, the one that is big enough to radiate a huge amount of energy, but not so big as to bum itself out quickly. Had our sun been ten times as huge, it would have burnt out completely after only ten million years, instead of ten billion and surely we would not exist. Too near, everything on the Earth would have boiled and withered away; any further, everything would have frozen over. The universe is a surprising place, and our existence within it is a wonder. If a long and unimaginably complex sequence of events dating back 4.6 billion years or so hadn't happened in a particular manner at a particular time --if, to take just one example, the dinosaurs hadn't been wiped out by a meteor --we might still be a few centimeters long, with whisker and a tail, and you'll be reading this in a cave somewhere. Where does the text probably come from?
|
[
"A history book.",
"A magazine.",
"A science fiction.",
"A famous novel."
] | 1B
|
astronomy
|
mmlu_labeled
|
If we are driving a car or crossing a street, we will stop when the traffic lights turn red. Why do we use red rather than other colors? As we know, scattering happens when light goes through the air. For the same media, if the wavelength is long, the scattering will be short. If the wavelength is short, then the scattering will be long. Of all light we can see red has the longest wavelength, so the scattering is the weakest. That means the red light travels far. In fact, it travels farther on rainy days. Using the red light can help drivers in farther areas see the lights. It helps drivers slow down or stop in time. If drivers don't see the red light until they are close, they may not be able to stop the car in time. An accident may happen. Red can also excite people. We can act more quickly when we see the color red. In a word, red light helps drivers stop in time and help prevent accidents. Red light travels farther on _ days.
|
[
"windy",
"sunny",
"rainy",
"cloudy"
] | 2C
|
college_physics
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Find the order of the factor group (Z_4 x Z_12)/(<2> x <2>)
|
[
"2",
"3",
"4",
"12"
] | 2C
|
abstract_algebra
|
mmlu
|
In England, some food companies across the whole country have been told to carry out urgent tests on all beef products. Do you know why? That's because some food companies used horsemeat to make beef products. There are some examples about the horsemeat matter. In January, 2013, in a number of UK supermarkets, frozen hamburgers were found to have _ of horsemeat in them. Some frozen beef products made by food company FINDUS were found to contain horsemeat. All of the beef products made by this company have been removed from sale. The government said that there's nothing to suggest any health risk from the products. Food minister David Heath said people should not throw away frozen meat products and carry on eating meat. The government will tell people not to eat meat if the meat is not safe. Food safety has been an important matter all over the world. More and more countries plan to take some useful measures to ensure the safety of food. ,. In England, some food companies have been told to _ urgently.
|
[
"stop making beef products",
"test all their beef products",
"test all their products",
"remove all their products from sale"
] | 1B
|
nutrition
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Special ships that create clouds by sending seawater into the air could be the cheapest way of dealing with climate change, new research has found. The technique, known as "marine cloud whitening", would create clouds above the Pacific Ocean that would have a cooling effect by reflecting sunlight away from Earth. Nearly 2,000 wind-powered ships would cross the sea, getting seawater and sending it up through tall tubes. " When you send saltwater into the air, you create bigger and whiter clouds, and thus reflect more sunlight back into space," said David Young from the group of the study. The paper by Professor Eric Bickel and Lee Lane looked into the costs of the projects. It found that cloud whitening would reduce the effects of climate change this century for no more than PS5.3 billion. This is only a small part of the PS150 billion that leading nations are considering spending to cut CO2 emissions each year. It is also more than 25 times cheaper than the PS140 billion cost of another project which would copy the cooling effect of volcanoes. The authors also compared the cost benefits that reducing temperatures would have. They found every PS1 spend on other ways would have PS15 of benefits, however every PS1 spent on cloud whitening would bring PS2,000 of benefits. These would include the human costs on health and the influence on other fields. David Young said, "Marine cloud whitening could achieve as much for the planet as CO2cuts would, but with much less cost." But he warned that these techniques shouldn't be considered as a long-period way to deal with climate change. " It's important to note that this technique wouldn't reduce CO2emissions or deal with the causes of global warming, but would cover its effects." he said. Compared to other projects, cloud whitening _ .
|
[
"has a greater effect on volcanoes",
"will bring more benefits",
"will benefit man's health most",
"can reduce temperatures in a better way"
] | 1B
|
nutrition
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Which will most likely happen to a solid substance that is heated?
|
[
"It will melt.",
"It will boil.",
"It will harden.",
"It will evaporate."
] | 0A
|
college_chemistry
|
mmlu_labeled
|
In today's world, we rely on computers as never before.They are used for everything from ordering a pizza to running hospitals and military defense systems.Banking and credit card information is stored and accessed by computers.So what happens when a computer gets infected with a virus? One effect is that people's access to their e-mail accounts is cut off.A more serious possible consequence is that billions of dollars could be lost. A virus is a computer program that copies itself onto other programs and infects them. Similar to an easily spread disease, a computer virus goes from computer to computer, either adding to or changing the tasks a program is designed to do. The first computer viruses were created in the mid '80s and had varying effects.Some caused files to be deleted, or made the letters on the screen appear to fall off.Others displayed a specific message once the computer was turned on. Viruses today are much more widespread and dangerous than ever before.Perhaps the most damaging to date has been the "I Love You" virus."I Love You" appeared in May 2000 and has possibly been the most destructive virus in terms of monetary loss. The virus is released when an attachment to a fake e-mail message is opened.By changing the names of files on computers, "I Love You" makes them difficult to access.It also searches for important personal information, including passwords, which it sends to a web site for others to see. It is estimated that more than 45 million people in 20 countries have had their computers infected by the "I Love You" virus.Some say the cost of repair and lost business has been more than US$10 billion. If you own a computer, it is important to keep it in good health by installing an anti-virus program.If updated frequently, it will protect your e-mail access-not to mention your wallet. What is the purpose of the article?
|
[
"To warn us against virus.",
"To remind us the importance of being healthy.",
"To stress the importance of computer.",
"To alert us to economic loss."
] | 0A
|
computer_security
|
mmlu_labeled
|
As any parent with an iPhone or an iPod Touch knows, mobile apps can be an engaging and entertaining experience for kids. Now, a new study of PBS Kids suggests that the experience can be an educational one as well. The study, which was administered by PBS under a grant from the Department of Education, first tested the vocabulary level of a group of 90 Title 1 school children, aged 3 to 7. Then, the children were each given two weeks with an iPod Touch loaded with the Martha Speaks Dog Party app created by PBS Kids. The study monitored how the children used the iPod, during what hours, and in what context. On average, the study found that kids played with the iPod Touch for a total of 5 hours across the two weeks, with half that time spent playing the Martha Speaks app. At the end of the two week trial, the children were given another vocabulary test, which revealed an increase in vocabulary acquisition by as much as 31 per cent. The study findings are particularly useful as smart phones and mobile devices have become increasingly popular among families and parents are faced with a proliferation of mobile apps designed for kids. According to a recent Nielsen study, smart phone usage is 12% higher in households with children than other households. "Mobile apps can be a great learning tool in the hands of children," said Lesli Rotenberg, SVP, Children's Media, PBS. "This research is important in helping to better understand and guide the development of new apps that improve the value of children's screen time with significant educational outcomes." So what does it all mean? At best, it provides more evidence that mobile devices and apps do indeed have educational value and could be an important part of the child-learning process for many years to come. What would be the best title of the text?
|
[
"The popularity of smart phones among kids",
"The entertaining function of smart phones",
"Smart phones make kids learn more.",
"It's too early for kids to use smart phones"
] | 2C
|
college_computer_science
|
mmlu_labeled
|
New findings suggest that brainy card games such as contract bridge may temporarily raise production of a key blood cell including in fighting off illness. After 90 minutes of play, bridge players had increased levels of immune cells, according to the research reported last week. A researcher, Diamond, studied bridge players from a women's bridge club. She chose bridge players because the game includes skills stimulating a part of the brain called the dorsolateral cortex. Earlier animal research suggests that this part of the brain may play a role in the immune system. The findings are based on blood samples drawn from 12 women players. Their blood samples showed a rise in levels of white blood cells called T cells after they played bridge for 90 minutes. T cells are produced by the thymus gland and used by the immune system against diseases. The T cell count jumped significantly in eight of the bridge players, and slightly in the other four. The findings contribute to the field of neuroimmunology , whose name reflects the fact that the nervous system and the immune system are not considered separate and isolated systems. What isn't clear is whether the help to the immune system from an activity like contract bridge is lasting or temporary. It is also not clear whether the increase in T cells could finally be targeted against special illnesses. A T cell is _ cell.
|
[
"a brain",
"a white blood",
"a red blood",
"a kind of dangerous blood"
] | 1B
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Generally speaking, American food is not very thick in taste. Salads are much liked and are served all year round. Many Americans are trying to keep down their weight. This is shown in menus offering "low calorie " or "weight watchers" meals. In markets, one can find "No Cal" drinks (meaning without calories) such as cola. Many Americans drink coffee or tea with their meal. If a waiter in an American restaurant asks "Now or later?", what he means is "Do you want coffee with your meal or later?" When eating out in the USA, we can ask for tea, milk, beer, and so on, if we prefer these to coffee. American restaurants cannot serve beer, wine, or liquor unless they are licensed to do so. The main dish in American meals is usually meat, chicken or fish, but more than one of these is hardly served at the same meal. Most Americans eat quickly during the day--that is, breakfast and lunch--unless it is a social, business, or family situation. The evening meal, however, is usually a family time. Racing through daytime meals is part of the "American pace" of life, for working hours are considered important. The nationwide fast-food restaurants are suitable for the ways of American eating. The standard products, of nearly the same price, are served quickly, and taste the same whether bought in New York City or in Los Angeles. McDonald's is a popular restaurant. It offers many choices of hamburgers, French fries and "cokes". These foods are rich in fats, sugar and salt. Often, they are the major meal of the day of many young working people. This passage mainly talks about _ .
|
[
"American restaurants and people",
"American eating culture",
"American working situation",
"American food and price"
] | 1B
|
nutrition
|
mmlu_labeled
|
What does the earth orbit that causes the seasons to change?
|
[
"mercury",
"venus",
"pluto",
"plasma star"
] | 3D
|
astronomy
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Imagine this: you get up in the morning and put on a custom printed T-shirt. Then you eat some 3-D printed food and relax on your printed sofa. Perhaps you take a ride in a printed electric car to the hospital to get a printed tooth fitted. Though some of these things may seem impossible, they're closer to reality than you might think. The world of 3-D printing is coming to a store near you soon. The idea of 3-D printing is to produce complicated shapes in a very personalized way. If you want to make a totally new object, you need to make a virtual design in a CAD(computer aided design)file first. Or you can use a 3-D scanner to make a digital copy of an object. Then, based on the design or copy, the 3-D printer makes paper-thin slices out of liquid, plastic, or metal and puts them together to create the object you want. There are many areas in which 3-D printing can change our lives. One such area is health care. Researchers have developed simple 3-D printed organs, which can be used in life-saving operations. A 17-year-old boy in the US has also recently developed a brain-powered, 3-D printed replacement hand. From heart monitors to fake limbs , we can soon be living longer thanks to 3-D printed technology. Another area that 3-D technology looks sure to change is food. Can you imagine being able to print your favorite dishes at home at the touch of a button? Even big companies are behind the trend. Hersheys, one of the largest chocolate makers in the world, recently announced that it would start producing chocolate with the help of 3-D printers. NASA, the US space agency, has reportedly spent $125,000 (767,594 yuan) developing a "3-D pizza printer". It is not yet clear how long it will take until 3-D printers are available to everyone. But one thing is for sure: the possibilities are endless. What can be the best title for the text?
|
[
"What is 3-D printing?",
"A new technology-3-D printing.",
"How to use 3-D printing?",
"The development of 3-D printing."
] | 1B
|
college_computer_science
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Diana Jacobs thought her family had a workable plan to pay for college for her 21-year-old twin sons: a combination of savings, income, scholarships, and a modest amount of borrowing. Then her husband lost his job, and the plan fell apart. "I have two kids in college, and I want to say 'come home', but at the same time I want to provide them with a good education." says Jacobs. The Jacobs family did work out a solution. They asked and received more aid from the schools, and each son increased his borrowing to the maximum amount through the federal loan program. They will each graduate with $20,000 of debt, but at least they will be able to finish school. With unemployment rising, financial aid administrators expect to hear more families like the Jacobs. More students are applying for aid, and more families expect to need student loans. College administrators are concerned that they will not have enough aid money to go around. At the same time, tuition continues to rise. A report from the National Center for Public Policy and Higher Education found that college tuition and fees increased 439% from 1982 to 2007, while average family income rose just 147%. Student borrowing has more than doubled in the last decade. "If we go on this way for another 25 years, we won't have an affordable system of higher education," says Patrick M. Callan, president of the center. "The middle class families have been financing it through debt. They will send kids to college whatever it takes, even if that means a huge amount of debt." Financial aid administrators have been having a hard time as many companies decide that student loans are not profitable enough and have stopped making them. The good news, however, is that federal loans account for about three quarters of student borrowing, and the government says that money will flow uninterrupted. Financial aid administrators believe that _ .
|
[
"more families will face the same problem as the Jacobs",
"the government will receive more letters of complaint",
"college tuition fees will double soon",
"America's unemployment will fall"
] | 0A
|
high_school_macroeconomics
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Dear Mr Han, I just turned 12 years old, but I am very thin and not as tall as my classmates. My brother is 20 and is very tall. My father is also very tall. I eat lots of vegetables every day. I like eating fruit, but I don't like eating meat. I sleep for eight hours a day. I want to be tall. I am taking medicine. I think that medicine can make me grow tall. My head teacher tells me that you are a great Chinese doctor. Can I grow tall? Do I need to take the medicine? Yours, Jack Dear Jack, I think that you can grow tall, because your father and brother are both very tall. You are still growing. As for the medicine, you should stop taking it. It is not good for your health. You should eat more meat. I am happy that you like eating vegetables and fruit. A balanced diet is very important for your health --and it can make you grow tall. Yours, Mr Han ,. Mr Han is a _ .
|
[
"teacher",
"doctor",
"student",
"reporter"
] | 1B
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Australian scientists are trying to give kangaroo-style stomachs to cattle and sheep in order to cut the greenhouse gases they send out, which is thought to be responsible for global warming. Thanks to special bacteria in their stomachs, kangaroo flatulence contains nomethane and scientists want to transfer that bacteria to cattle and sheep who produce large quantities of the harmful gas. While the usual image of greenhouse gas pollution is a billowing smokestack pushing out carbon dioxide, farm animals' passing wind contributes a surprisingly high percentage of total emissions in some countries. "Fourteen percent of emissions from all sources in Australia is from enteric methane from cattle and sheep," said Athol Klieve, a senior research scientist with the Queensland state government. "And if you look at another country such as New Zealand, which has got a much higher agricultural base, they're actually up around 50 percent," he said. Researchers say the bacteria also make the digestive process much more efficient and could potentially save millions of dollars in feed costs for farmers. But it will take researchers at least three years to isolate the bacteria, before they can even start to develop a way of transferring it to cattle and sheep. Another group of scientists, meanwhile, has suggested Australians should farm fewer cattle and sheep and just eat more kangaroos. And about 20 percent of health-conscious Australians have eaten the national symbol already. "It's low in fat, it's got high protein levels and it's very clean in the sense that basically it's the free-range animal," said Peter Ampt of the University of New South Wales's institute of environmental studies. The passage is written mainly to _ .
|
[
"discuss a better way to protect the earth",
"warn farmers of the danger of animal waste",
"illustrate the possible solutions to pollution",
"present a recent study on one cause of global warming"
] | 3D
|
nutrition
|
mmlu_labeled
|
" Dreams may be more important than sleep. We all need to dream." some scientists say. Dreams take up about one quarter of our sleeping time. People have several dreams each night. Dreams are like short films. They are usually in color. Some dreams are like old films. They come up over and over again. That may be the dreamer worrying about something. Dreaming may be a way of trying to find an answer. Some people get new ideas about their work from dreams. They may have been thinking about their work all day. These thoughts can carry over into dreams. Too much dreaming can be harmful. The more we sleep,the longer we dream. The mind is still at work when we dream. That is why we may have a long sleep and still wake up tired. The main idea of the story is that _
|
[
"what dream is",
"people like to sleep",
"dreams are like films",
"we always remember dreams"
] | 0A
|
human_sexuality
|
mmlu_labeled
|
1. Mean old ladies There is always a reason why an old lady gives you a serious look - you are being too loud, dressed improperly or not crossing the street in the right place. Sometimes it can be lovely, but if you are already having a bad day, a mean old lady can drive you mad. What to do about it: I've come to realize that when people start conflicts, it is actually an expression of their inner state expressed in an outside way. You, your personality, your looks or your actions have nothing to do with it. It is not personal, so why take it personally? 2. That person, who cuts in front of everybody in line This is something that gets me angry. Even if I am not in a hurry, I still feel bad for the other people in line who are being treated unjustly. Are you more patient than I am or do you feel annoying too? What to do about it: If we have negative thoughts then we are wasting our energy on negativity. Situations like this could be a great opportunity to learn to control our first negative responses and practice understanding. After all, the person may just have a quick question or maybe there is an emergency. Friends that tell you "I told you so" It is one thing to admit that you made a mistake and another to hear it from a friend. Friends should be there to support you and cheer you up when you are feeling down, not make themselves feel better at your expense, right? What to do about it: It helps to remember that when people say "I told you so", they may mean, "Please listen to my advice to avoid future mistakes." If this is not the help you need - voice it out, without getting defensive. According to the author, what can you do when meeting with a mean old lady?
|
[
"Take it personally.",
"Take it seriously.",
"Don't apologize to her.",
"Don't get upset."
] | 3D
|
human_sexuality
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Have you wondered why you have two eyes and why they are set close together on the front of your face? The reasons are simple and important to the way you see the rest of your world. Your eyes are like two small cameras. A camera catches an image of an object and records it on film.Similarly,when you look at something,each eye takes in what it sees and sends this image to the back of the eyeball.Because your eyes are set close together,they view the world from about the same height but from slightly different angles. Working as a team, the eyes send the images to your brain, which puts them together into a single, centered image. Seeing in stereo means seeing with two eyes working together,which is called stereoscopic sight.This allows you to view the world in three dimensions,or 3-D.Seeing depth helps you to judge the distance between you and the objects you see and to adjust to the changing angle at which you see something as you move closer to or farther away from it.If images are coming from only one eye, however,only two of these dimensions-height and width-can be perceived.A world seen with one eye is thus two-dimensional,as in a photograph. Now consider why your two eyes are on the front of your face.Think of other animals with this same arrangement.They are all animals that hunt,like lions and wolves.Their eyes face directly in front of them.This provides a field of sight about 180 degrees wide,which is called binocular sight.On the other hand,animals that are hunted have eyes on the sides of the head,which provides nearly 360-degree field of sight.In order to stay alive,they need to see things coming from the sides and from behind.However,without stereoscopic sight,they have difficulty determining how far a danger is. With sight both stereoscopic and binocular,humans share with animal hunters the ability to see from side to side and to accurately determine the distance.If you think it would be great to have another type of sight,perhaps with hundreds of tiny eyes like many insects do,think again! Each tiny insect eye sees only a tiny part.Besides,what if you needed glasses? Be glad for the eyesight that you have. The author implies that "seeing in stereo"
|
[
"is similar to the way cameras work",
"is an ability humans are fortunate to have",
"would be better for a wider field of sight",
"helps people to have better sight than animals"
] | 1B
|
anatomy
|
mmlu_labeled
|
What do all animals need in order to survive?
|
[
"rocks, water, and soil",
"water, air, and food",
"air, rocks, and sunlight",
"food, soil, and sunlight"
] | 1B
|
college_biology
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Even plants can run a fever, especially when they're under attack by insects or disease. But unlike human, plants can have their temperature taken from 3,000 feet away--straight up. A decade ago, adopting the infrared scanning technology developed for military purposes and other satellites, physicist Stephen Paley came up with a quick way to take the temperature of crops to determine which ones are under stress. The goal was to let farmers precisely target pesticide spraying rather than rain poison on a whole field, which invariably includes plants that don't have pest problems. Even better, Paley's Remote Scanning Services Company could detect crop problems before they became visible to the eye. Mounted on a plane flown at 3,000 feet at night, an infrared scanner measured the heat emitted by crops. The data were transformed into a colourcoded map showing where plants were running "fevers". Farmers could then spotspray, using 50 to 70 percent less pesticide than they otherwise would. The bad news is that Paley's company closed down in 1984, after only three years. Farmers resisted the new technology and longterm backers were hard to find. But with the renewed concern about pesticides on produce, and refinements in infrared scanning, Paley hopes to get back into operation. Agriculture experts have no doubt the technology works. "This technique can be used on 75 percent of agricultural land in the United States, " says George Oerther of Texas A & M. Ray Jackson, who recently retired from the Department of Agriculture, thinks remote infrared crop scanning could be adopted by the end of the decade. But only if Paley finds the financial backing which he failed to obtain 10 years ago. The application of infrared scanning technology to agriculture met with some difficulties-- _ .
|
[
"its high cost",
"the lack of official support",
"the lack of financial support",
"its failure to help increase production"
] | 2C
|
nutrition
|
mmlu_labeled
|
The heart, veins, arteries, and capillaries make up which organ system?
|
[
"reproductive",
"muscular",
"excretory",
"circulatory"
] | 3D
|
anatomy
|
mmlu_labeled
|
When performing an experiment for a science fair, what should be done if the data do not support the hypothesis?
|
[
"Check for errors and run the experiment again.",
"Change the hypothesis to match the conclusion.",
"Change the variable so the data will match the hypothesis.",
"Ignore the data and prepare the science fair display anyway."
] | 0A
|
natural_science
|
ai2_arc_challenge
|
What do the Milky Way Galaxy and other galaxies in the universe have in common?
|
[
"They are similar in shape.",
"They rotate in the same direction.",
"They contain the same number of stars.",
"They have similar elements."
] | 3D
|
astronomy
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Do You Want to Be an Artist? Do you want to be an artist? Come to our club. We have guitar, violin, piano and drum lessons for just Y=240 each. You can also learn to sing or dance for just Y=180 each. If you like art, you can be satisfied, too. Art lessons are just Y=200 each. If you want to learn to play the guitar and to dance ,you will pay Y= _ .
|
[
"180",
"200",
"240",
"420"
] | 3D
|
elementary_mathematics
|
mmlu_labeled
|
A lot of people in the world eat fast food.When you go into a fast food shop, you can see many people are enjoying their meals there.But which country people like fast food best? Do you know? A survery says : The English people are the biggest fans of fast food in the world, but the French people are the least interested in fast meals. The survey of thirteen countries shows :45% of the English people say they can't live without fast food, because it's delicious.44% of Americans and 37% of Canadians say the same. The French people ,they have their own delicious and high-class _ , so thy don't like fast food.81% of them think it is not healthy, and 75% of the Japanese think so too. How about the Chinese? How often do you have hamburgers or fried chicken?Do you like Western fast food or Chinese food.The most important thing is to keep a healthy diet. The survey shows _ of Americans like fast food.
|
[
"37%",
"75%",
"44%",
"81%"
] | 2C
|
nutrition
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Which of the following is formed when two elements combine chemically?
|
[
"an atom",
"a compound",
"an electron",
"a mixture"
] | 1B
|
college_chemistry
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Perhaps a parent's most important contribution toward raising a trustful child is to develop a relationship founded on trust. A child of any age will feel proud and grown-up if parents frequently show their trust. In court a defendant is innocent until proved guilty. But in the family, a teenager "defendant" is too often assumed guilty. Even when the child is caught in a complete lie, this should not be the end of trust. A parent can tell a child that a single lie is forgivable. Yet it should be clear that if lies continue, the child, like the boy who cried wolf, will suffer loss of trust. When my wife and I discovered that our son Tom, then 13, had lied about throwing a party while we were away, we grounded him for a month. We also told Tom that we could no longer trust him, and we could not allow him to stay alone overnight again. This loss of freedom was an important lesson; he learned how hard it is to live with people when they don't trust him. As a result, now more than three years later we can again trust Tom to stay alone overnight. Parents must always remember there is no easy answer to this universal problem of lying. We can set a good example, allow for privacy, monitor friendship, develop trust and punish wrong doing, but still we discover our child has lied to us. Finally that's why there is a need for trust on both sides of a parent-child relationship. Lying destroys closeness and friendship. For that reason, parents should always try to give a child the feeling that they can be trusted with the truth. Parents may start with a child's trust, but as the child grows older, parents must earn it. According to the passage, the writer believes that _ .
|
[
"parents shouldn't punish their children even if they lie",
"it is not easy to deal with the problem of lying as parents",
"there are effective ways to prevent children from lying",
"children will stop telling lies as they grow up"
] | 1B
|
human_sexuality
|
mmlu_labeled
|
How long is a basketball court?
|
[
"26 feet",
"26 miles",
"26 yards",
"26 inches"
] | 2C
|
natural science
|
scienceqa
|
Which organ detects changes to the body's environment, such as temperature?
|
[
"lungs",
"heart",
"skin",
"muscles"
] | 2C
|
natural science
|
scienceqa
|
What do these two changes have in common?
cutting a piece of rope
peeling a banana
|
[
"Both are caused by cooling.",
"Both are chemical changes.",
"Both are caused by heating.",
"Both are only physical changes."
] | 3D
|
natural science
|
scienceqa
|
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