question
stringlengths 4
6.54k
| choices
listlengths 2
5
| answer
class label 4
classes | subject
stringclasses 32
values | dataset
stringclasses 4
values |
|---|---|---|---|---|
What is x if 3 x = 84 ?
|
[
"20",
"21",
"26",
"28"
] | 3D
|
elementary_mathematics
|
mmlu
|
Select the vertebrate.
|
[
"mosquito",
"Christmas tree worm",
"moon jellyfish",
"bald eagle"
] | 3D
|
natural science
|
scienceqa
|
Bears instinctively know when its time to hibernate because who passes it on to them?
|
[
"soup",
"their pants",
"Their parents",
"porridge"
] | 2C
|
college_biology
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Singaporean singer Stefanie Sun goes to Tahoua, West Africa to visit the children who have _ and war. Stefanie Sun is touched by those poor kids there: "Some children are already 3 or 4 years old, but they are so thin that you can hold them with your single arm. You can see scare and hopelessness in their eyes. The children only wish to have food to eat, and can survive and go to school. However, these basic needs are like dreams to them." Stefanie Sun is deeply touched by a 4-month baby who weighs only 2.5kg! Stefanie says that the children have nothing but leaves to eat during famine. The reconstruction in that area needs enough food, education, and clean water. these basic needs are like dreams to them. Here basic needs means _ .
|
[
"having food to eat",
"going to school",
"surviving",
"all of above"
] | 3D
|
human_sexuality
|
mmlu_labeled
|
If you experience great stress in your life on a frequent basis, you're not alone. Nowadays, stress is almost a given fact of life. Actually, a certain degree of stress can have positive effects on us. But if stress continues over a long period of time, the effects on the body can be harmful, resulting in health problems and stress-related illness, including heart attack and stroke. Stress is a normal reaction by the body to what it perceives as a threatening situation or environment. Short-term reactions may include an increase in heart rate as well as a rise in blood pressure. A person under short-term stress may feel nervous, anxious and even experience shortness of breath. Other reactions can include a dry mouth, quick heartbeat, sweating, stomach upset and diarrhea. When stress is long-term and becomes more chronic in nature, it can cause more serious health-related problems, including regular headaches, back pain, weight changes, sleep difficulties, changes in mood and so on. Chronic stress can also result in memory problems, including difficulty remembering new information and the inability to quickly deal with old information. No matter how your body reacts to stress, ignoring the problem can have serious health results. Not surprisingly, more women than men openly seek the help of their family doctors or other health care experts when they are experiencing stress or stress-related illness. Men are more likely to refuse to admit the problem or attempt to self-treat it, which may contribute to higher rate of drug and alcohol addiction seen in men exposed to chronic stress. There's no doubt that stress is a fact of life and is likely to remain a part of our fast-paced society. Although stress can't be completely _ , methods of dealing with stress-related issues, in my view, can be developed so that the effects of stress on the body are avoided, so people won't be so easy to suffer stress-related illness. What is the purpose of this passage?
|
[
"To tell us how to solve the serious problems caused by stress.",
"To tell us how to behave well when we are faced with stress.",
"To tell us how to protect ourselves from the effects of stress.",
"To tell us how to tell short-term stress from long-term stress."
] | 2C
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
What do these two changes have in common?
stapling an envelope shut
ice crystals forming on a window
|
[
"Both are caused by cooling.",
"Both are caused by heating.",
"Both are only physical changes.",
"Both are chemical changes."
] | 2C
|
natural science
|
scienceqa
|
Which conclusion is best supported by a tree-growth ring that is much narrower than the other growth rings?
|
[
"Crops grew well that year.",
"One year was unusually dry.",
"The tree was planted long ago.",
"The area used to have more trees."
] | 1B
|
college_biology
|
mmlu_labeled
|
The Friday after the American holiday of Thanksgiving is called Black Friday. It's said that it's the day that store ledgers move into the black and companies become profitable. On that day, retailers slash prices to get consumers to buy. It is also a time when many Americans start their Christmas shopping. VOA's Elizabeth Lee tells us how the economy may affect consumers on that bargain day. This day should be a shopper's dream. "It's just the deals, the sales and everything you can get for a lesser price," said Sandy Thomas, a shopper. But it's a nightmare for others. "I think it's crazy. I've done all of my shopping throughout the week so I don't have to go out on Friday," she said. It's called Black Friday, the start of the traditional Christmas shopping season in the United States. Every year it's the day after the Thanksgiving holiday. Stores open before sunrise and there are deep discounts everywhere you look. Last year a crowd of bargain-hunters killed a Wal-mart worker in a New York suburb. This year, many stores are increasing security while they slash prices. "This is a huge time for the retail stores," said Fred Joutz from George Washington University. "This is when they begin making their profits for the year." Economics professor Fred Joutz says how Americans spend the weekend after Thanksgiving is a good indication of how consumers feel about the future. With the unemployment rate above 10 percent, Joutz says Americans are saving more and spending less. Some retailers are attracting consumers by opening on Thanksgiving Day, when shops are traditionally closed. Other stores open their doors anywhere from midnight to four in the morning. And shoppers will be lining up in front of the doors in order to be one of the first ones to walk through and get a big discount. Electronics like flat screen TVs are usually the first items to go. Sandy Thomas says it's an annual family tradition and well worth it. "I just save maybe half of what I would have spent on a regular, you know, shopping trip," she said. Economists say U.S. consumers will spend money this Black Friday, but they will spend it more carefully. From the passage we know that _ .
|
[
"Christmas shopping is traditional time and this year it is no exception.",
"Electronics like flat screen TVs are usually least discounted.",
"The economy only affects consumers on that bargain day.",
"Thanksgiving is a good indication of how consumers feel about the future."
] | 0A
|
high_school_microeconomics
|
mmlu_labeled
|
What information supports the conclusion that Kenny inherited this trait?
|
[
"Kenny's mother has blue eyes. She passed this trait down to Kenny.",
"Kenny likes to wear a blue sweater to match his blue eyes."
] | 0A
|
natural science
|
scienceqa
|
Which likely is digested by the body?
|
[
"fire",
"air",
"twinkies",
"water"
] | 2C
|
nutrition
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Tui Na and Your Emotional Health In Traditional Chinese Medicine the body, mind and spirit cannot be divided and so the unique whole-body treatment in Tui Na can also be a useful treatment correcting any imbalances in the body's energy before symptoms and disease can develop. It also works to restore emotional harmony as well as physical health. This is why after a Tui Na treatment many people "feel good". Many people in China use Tui Na regularly to keep healthy and to deal with some specific illnesses. Tui Na is performed on the clothed body and the patient is either lying on a couch or sitting on a chair. Therapists using a variety of strokes or movements will control the intensity and direction of pressure in an exact way. The unique rolling movement in Tui Na is one of the most difficult strokes to learn and students have to practice sometimes for many months on a rice bag before they are allowed to practice on the human body. Stress Tui Na is of course very useful for treating stress. It distributes the energy around the whole body. It is believed that Tui Na moves the strong energy in the tense muscles to the weaker areas, thus making a more balanced body. When your Qi (energy in the body) flow is balanced you feel relaxed and comfortable. Tui Na is especially useful for stiff shoulders and tense neck muscles. Emotions In Traditional Chinese Medicine each major organ is linked to an emotion. By balancing the energy in the organ, the relevant emotion will be calmed. When your emotions are out of control, you would usually turn to your doctor or perhaps a psychotherapist. But perhaps some people would not like to be seeing a psychotherapist or feel nervous about discussing their problems with others. With Tui Na one does not need to tell the therapist anything one does not want to. The treatment of Tui Na can deal with the problem itself -- although if one does need to talk, then the safe space is there to do so. An active dialogue between the therapist and the patient will help to get a better effect. How the major organs rule your emotions Each major organ -- the heart, the stomach, the spleen, the liver, the bladder, the kidneys, the lungs, etc. -- is linked to a relevant emotion. The heart is linked to joy, excitement and sadness. If the heart is out of balance, the patient may dream a lot at night and often forget something important in the day. The stomach and spleen are connected with too much thinking or worrying -- over anxiety. When the stomach is out of balance there is often a lack of energy. The patient often feels very tired and has no interest in doing anything at all. The liver and gall bladder are linked to anger. In Chinese Medicine the eyes are connected with the liver, and many people who suffer from anger often suffer from eye problems. The gall bladder rules decision-making and too much energy here can lead to rashness, while if there is too little it can bring about indecision. Where there is a history of depression, the therapist would look to the liver. The bladder and kidneys are linked to fear of all kinds, from simple anxieties and phobias to vague fears and worries. The lungs are connected with feelings of grief and sadness. When there is a history of grief, the therapist would look to the lungs. Tui Na is used in almost all the hospitals in China and very popular among Chinese people. It is a useful and valuable method of restoring Qi balance, when emotional and physical health is out of balance. Tui Na is one of the remaining secrets of Chinese Medicine. When the stomach is out of balance, _ .
|
[
"the patient will have a stomachache",
"the patient will have a lot to worry about",
"the patient will have nothing to do",
"the patient will not feel like doing anything"
] | 3D
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
As the nights get lounger, those who suffer from the winter blues will be planning ways to escape to the sunshine. But there may be a much simpler way of cheering yourself up... simply shining a bright light into your ear canal. Up to one in four Britons suffer from seasonal affective disorder, with seven per cent of the population having full-blown SAD. It is caused by the brain not receiving enough daylight which is needed to trigger serotonin , a hormone that regulates mood. Symptoms range from mild lethargy to depression and insomnia, but a cure might be in sight. Two clinical trials, run by Valkee - who make a device that can shine light into your ear - and the University of Oulu in Finland, have found that carefully targeted light can help prevent the condition. Juuso Nissila, Valkee's co-founder and chief scientist said: "We presented earlier that the human brain is sensitive to light". "These two clinical trials demonstrate that channeling bright light via ear canal into brain's photosensitive areas effectively prevents and treats seasonal affective disorder." The University of Oulu reported that in their first study, 92 per cent of the patients with seasonal affective disorder achieved full remission after a month of daily eight-to-12 minute doses of light from the Valkee. Time Takala, chief physician at the Oulu Deaconess Institute said: "These two trials show that bright light channeled into the brain via ear canal is an important future method to treat seasonal affective disorder." Valkee launched its bright light headset in August 2010. It is classed as a medical device under EU regulations. The device channels bright light direct to the brain via the ear canal to prevent and cure depression, mood swings and even circadian-rhythm disorders such as jet lag. It costs PS185 and looks like an iPod - only the earphones emit light rather than sound. How many Britons suffer from seasonal affective disorder?
|
[
"Approximately a quarter.",
"7%.",
"More than one fourth.",
"92%."
] | 0A
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
The Law of Demand states that
|
[
"the quantity demanded of a product will fall when the price of the product falls.",
"the quantity demanded of a product will fall when the price of the product rises.",
"when the demand for a product falls so will its price.",
"when the demand for a product falls its price will rise."
] | 1B
|
high_school_macroeconomics
|
mmlu
|
Which of the following would be insulated
|
[
"a piece of paper",
"a log of wood",
"a beehive covered in wax",
"a statically charged shirt"
] | 2C
|
high_school_physics
|
mmlu_labeled
|
What information supports the conclusion that Brandon inherited this trait?
|
[
"Brandon and his father both have short hair.",
"Brandon's parents were born with straight hair. They passed down this trait to Brandon."
] | 1B
|
natural science
|
scienceqa
|
Everyone should get enough sleep. If a student doesn't sleep well at night, he won't study well and he can't listen to the teacher carefully in class. For a driver, it is easier for him to have an accident if he is tired. Good sleep is also important for your health. Without good sleep, a person may become ill. It is hard for some people to sleep well. A lot of things can help you get a good night's sleep. First, doing some exercise will help you sleep. Walking, running and bike riding are good ways. Other good ways are playing ball games, such as basketball, soccer or tennis. However, you must not do these just before bedtime. Second, before you go to bed, you shouldn't drink coffee or any soft drinks. It is also not a good idea to eat sweets. But drinking a cup of warm milk may help you to sleep. Third, you can take a warm bath or listen to quiet music before you go to bed. Many people find that they are helpful to sleep. Follow the advice above and have a good sleep every day. Then you can wake up happily in the morning and _ your health. Just before bedtime, _ will NOT help you to sleep well.
|
[
"listening to quiet music",
"having a warm bath",
"drinking some warm milk",
"playing football"
] | 3D
|
nutrition
|
mmlu_labeled
|
A strawberry farmer finds that, after a hard freeze, some of his strawberries are still alive. Which best explains why these strawberries were able to survive?
|
[
"They have larger leaves to protect the fruit than the other strawberries.",
"They have different genetic variations that cause them to be more resistant to cold temperatures.",
"They are able to reproduce more quickly than the other strawberries.",
"The color of the strawberries is darker, and they maintain their temperature better than other strawberries."
] | 1B
|
college_biology
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Genes are located on chromosomes which are composed of
|
[
"DNA.",
"RNA.",
"ATP.",
"ADP."
] | 0A
|
college_biology
|
mmlu_labeled
|
With only two weeks to go before Christmas, buying presents is a lug priority for a lot of people. However, this year not so many people are leaving their homes to browse around the shops. These days lots of people do their shopping in the comfort of their own home with the help of the Internet. Online shopping is becoming more and more popular for a number of reasons: prices are often lower online, you don't have to queue up in busy shops and you can buy almost any product imagin- able with just a few clicks of your mouse. Computer trends are often man-dominated but this year women are expected to do more shop-ping on the Internet than men. It seems .that women are now more attracted to the convenience of on-line shopping than they used to be. Average spending online this Christmas by women will rise to $240 compared to the slightly lower average $233 for men, while the average spending per person on the high street is only $197. 70% of lnternet users, male and female, are now buying their Christmas gifts online. In the past a lot of people were unwilling to shop online. Many were worried about the security of entering their card details on the Intemet and the reliability of the Internet but as shopping; online has become more widespread, these worries have begun to disappear. 45% of Internet users still do have security worries but it hasn't slowed the ever-increasing numbers of online shoppers. One victim of the online shopping boom is the UK high street. Christmas trading can represent up to 60% of turnover for some stores. Many companies are concerned that not enough shoppers are coming through their doors in the run-up to Christmas. As a result there are lots of special offers in the shops. Most shops traditionally have sales after Christmas but this year the bargains have come early. Which of the following is NOT the reason for people liking online shopping?
|
[
"Lower prices.",
"Using the bank cards.",
"Saving time.",
"Buying almost whatever you want."
] | 1B
|
computer_security
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Which factor will prompt an animal's fight-or-flight response?
|
[
"population size",
"competition for food",
"seasonal temperatures",
"protection of the environment"
] | 1B
|
natural_science
|
ai2_arc_challenge
|
American doctors say that mothers who smoke cigarettes before their babies are born may slow the growth of their babies' lungs. They say reduced lung growth could cause the babies to suffer breathing problems and lung diseases later in life. Doctors in Boston, Massachusetts studied 1,000 children. The mothers of some of the children smoked, while the other mothers did not. Doctors found that the lungs of the children whose mothers smoked were 8% less developed than the lungs of the children whose mothers did not smoke, and that the children whose mothers smoked had 25% more cold and breathing diseases than other children later in life. Another recent study found that children had a greater chance of having lung cancer if their mothers smoked. The study also showed that the danger of cancer increased only for sons and not for daughters, and that the father's smoking did not affect a child's chance of suffering from lung cancer. According to the passage, the writer wants to tell us _ .
|
[
"The danger of cancer increased only for girls and not for sons",
"The children whose mothers smoked had a quarter more cold and breathing diseases than other children later in life",
"The father's smoking influenced a child's chance of suffering from lung cancer",
"The lungs of the children whose mothers smoked were 8% more developed than those of the children whose mothers did not smoke"
] | 1B
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
American colleges and universities consider a number of things about a student who wants to be admitted. Experts say the most important thing is the students' high school record. Besides, student's interests and activities may also play a part in getting accepted. But in most cases another consideration is how well the student did on college entrance exams. Here we'd like to discuss two of these tests: the SAT and the ACT. Most American schools accept either one. The SAT measures reasoning skills in mathematics and language. Students have almost four hours to complete the SAT. The newest part is an essay. Students have twenty-five minutes to write an answer to a question. The SAT costs 41.5$. Besides, the international processing charge is 22$ more. And test-takers in India and Pakistan must also pay a 21.5 $ security charge. Students may also need to take SAT subject tests in areas like history, science and foreign language. Subject tests cost eighteen dollars each. The ACT is an achievement test. It is designed to measure what a student has learned in school. Students are tested in mathematics, English, reading and science. A writing test is offered but not required. Without it, the ACT takes about three hours to complete. The essay part adds thirty minutes. The ACT costs forty-nine dollars to take outside the United States. The writing test costs an additional fourteen dollars. What's most important in students' admission to American colleges and universities?
|
[
"High school record",
"Interests and activities",
"Performances in SAT and ACT",
"Skills in mathematics and language"
] | 0A
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Which is the scratchiest?
|
[
"burlap sack",
"nylon swim shorts",
"wax seal"
] | 0A
|
natural science
|
scienceqa
|
Based on this information, what is this Channel catfish's phenotype for the body color trait?
|
[
"a brown body",
"BB"
] | 0A
|
natural science
|
scienceqa
|
Sam builds a ramp and lets a toy car roll down. Which describes the energy of the car as it rolls down the ramp?
|
[
"The kinetic energy and the potential energy both increase.",
"The kinetic energy and the potential energy both decrease.",
"The kinetic energy increases and the potential energy decreases.",
"The kinetic energy decreases and the potential energy increases."
] | 2C
|
college_physics
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Tigers and household cats are members of the same family; however, their sizes are vastly different. What is the cause of this difference?
|
[
"biochemical makeup",
"behavioral makeup",
"genetics",
"habitat size"
] | 2C
|
natural_science
|
ai2_arc_challenge
|
Sharks have lived in the oceans for over 450 million years, long before dinosaurs appeared. There are now about 360 species of sharks, whose size, behavior, and other characteristics differ widely. Every year, we catch and kill over 100 million sharks, mostly for food and for their fins. Dried shark fins are used to make shark fin soup, which sells for as much as $50 a bowl in fine Hong Kong restaurants. Other sharks are killed for sport and out of fear. Sharks are vulnerable to overfishing because it takes most species 10 to 15 years to begin reproducing and they produce only a few offspring . Influenced by movies and popular novels, most people see sharks as people-eating monsters. This is far from the truth. Every year, a few types of shark injure about 100 people worldwide and kill about 25. Most attacks are by great white sharks, which often feed on sea lions and other marine mammals. They sometimes mistake human swimmers for their normal prey, especially if they are wearing black wet suits. If you are a typical ocean-goer, your chances of being killed by an unprovoked attack by a shark are about 1 in 100 million. You are more likely to be killed by a pig than a shark and thousands of times more likely to get killed when you drive a car. Sharks help save human lives. In addition to providing people with food, they are helping us learn how to fight cancer, bacteria, and viruses. Sharks are very healthy and have aging processes similar to ours. Their highly effective immune system allows wounds to heal quickly without becoming infected, and their blood is being studied in connection with AIDS research. Sharks are among the few animals in the world that almost never get cancer and eye cataracts . Understanding why can help us improve human health. Chemicals taken from shark cartilage have killed cancerous tumors in laboratory animals, research that someday could help _ your life. Sharks are needed in the world's ocean ecosystems. Although they don't need us, we need them. We are much more dangerous to sharks than they are to us. For every shark that bites a person, we kill one million sharks. It can be inferred from the passage that _ .
|
[
"movies have given people the wrong impression of sharks",
"most sharks are dangerous to humans",
"sharks will attack anyone who is wearing black",
"it is dangerous to swim in the ocean"
] | 0A
|
college_biology
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Many people believe that you lose the ability to learn new languages as you get older. Language experts, however, will tell you that you're never too old to learn a new language. As you get older, it can be more difficult to learn a new language, though. Children and adults learn new languages in different ways. For children, language is their life. They study for thousands of hours every year, because they need to learn languages to become part of their communities. Adults, on the other hand, are already part of a language community. Learning a new language means becoming part of another language community, and adults rarely get the chance to practice as much as young children do. Moreover, children learning a new language are expected to make mistakes. This gives them freedom when learning to be daring and confident. Adults, however, often feel pressured to be perfect when learning a new language. This can discourage many people and make it even harder to learn a new language. When young children learn a new language, they come to see various languages as a "normal" part of society. This mindset helps them embrace learning a new language without feeling like they're doing something unusual or "too hard". So if you want to learn a new language, go for it! It's never too late to learn a new language. If you're older, it may take more work, but it can be done. If you're a young child, though, now is the time to step out and learn a new language! Which of the following shows the difference between children and adults in learning a new language?
|
[
"The behaviors they have.",
"The learning attitudes.",
"The future plans they have made.",
"The materials they are using."
] | 1B
|
human_sexuality
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Nowadays, there's a lot of debate about single sex education since it has begun to regain its popularity recently. According to long term studies of children from around the world, students achieve more and learn better in single sex schools. An Australian study of 270,000 students found that both boys and girls performed much higher on standardized tests when they attended separate schools. During an experiment in Virginia in 1995, 100 eighth graders were separated just for math and science courses. Almost immediately, the girls began to achieve more, become more confident and take part more often in class activities. In 2001, a British study concluded that nearly every girl regardless of her ability or socio-economic status performed better in single sex classrooms than co-ed ones. The study of 2,954 high schools and 979 primary schools showed that while boys at the lowest levels in study improved the most in single sex schools, single sex education was particularly beneficial to girls. Every one of the top 50 private elementary schools and top 20 private high schools in Britain are single sex schools. Girls became more confident in themselves as students and earned higher scores on their College Board and Advanced Placement examinations. A quarter of the female members of the US Congress and one-third of all female members of Fortune 100 boards graduated from all-women's colleges. While the statistics are not as dramatic for boys, however, boys tend to soften their competitive edge and become more cooperative in a single sex setting. They can just be boys and not worry about what the girls might think. Single sex education has a pleasant way of encouraging children to be fearless, to be curious, to be enthusiastic --- in short, to just be themselves. Children are subjected to pressures from every quarter to become adults before they are ready to do so. They grow up too quickly. Why not let them be children for a few more years? Single sex education with its gentler, more controlled social atmosphere is just the right answer for many children. With the experiment in Virginia in 1995, the writer wants to show that _ .
|
[
"single sex education has become popular in recent years",
"the effect of single sex education on girls is immediate",
"students at separate schools are better prepared for standardized tests",
"both boy and girl students achieve more and learn better in single sex schools"
] | 1B
|
human_sexuality
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Picture the scene: the battery on your mobile phone has run out. You can't make any calls for help and no one can contact you. You are all alone - well, not quite. Just reach into your pocket and take out a piece of sugar.Put it into the battery, wait a minute, and you're back on the phone. Thanks to a couple of American scientists, this situation could become real.Swadesh Chaudhuri and Derek Lovely have invented the "bacteria battery" - powered by bacteria that eats sugar and turns it into electricity. "This is a special organism," Lovely said."You ean harvest enough electricity to power a cell phone battery for about four days from a spoonful of sugar." In the past, bacteria batteries have been expensive and not long-lasting. But this battery uses more efficient bacteria that can turn 80 percent of sugar into electrical energy. This is 30 percent more than similar batteries can manage. The bacteria battery could become as small as a household battery. It's also cheap and stable, as sugar can be taken from waste and crops. But the sugar to electricity process is slow: it could take weeks for the bacteria to digest a cup of sugar.And it produces "greenhouse" gases which pollute the environment. The scientists understand there is a lot more work to be done. "It is still young," said Lovely."Where we are now is where solar power was 20 0r 30 years ago." But he believes the battery could be used in scientific equipment at the bottom of the ocean.Other ideas include using sugar in the blood to run medical devices in the human body, and taking sugar from animal waste to provide energy to power homes in rural areas. According to the passage, who will find the bacteria battery less useful?
|
[
"Farmers.",
"Divers.",
"Doctors.",
"Electricians."
] | 3D
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Most people like bikes. Perhaps you ride a bike to school. Riding a bike can be great of fun.Do you know how to ride a bike safely? Careful boys and girls learn to ride their bikes well before they go out on the road.How can you tell whether you are a good _ If you can ride a bike in a straight line,you can ride well .If you can't ,you should practice riding a in a safe place. To be safe on a bike, you need to use both hands and both feet. Keep your feet on the pedals and your hands on the handle bars. You know that your bike is only for one person. It's not safe to carry anyone with you. Keep yourself safe when you ride on a bike.Watch where you are going all times. Before you learn to ride your bike well, you can't _ .
|
[
"go to school",
"ride on the bike",
"practise riding",
"carry your things"
] | 1B
|
nutrition
|
mmlu_labeled
|
If a new organism were discovered, which of the following would most likely be used to classify it into the appropriate kingdom?
|
[
"the color of the organism",
"the organism's natural habitat",
"the structure of the organism's anatomy",
"the location where the organism was found"
] | 2C
|
college_biology
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Summer Science Class registration begins on March 8 ! If you are interested in science,the environment,or conservation and you are in grades 7-12,sign up soon for Black Rock Forest Consortium's Summer Science Class program. You can download the Summer Science Classes 2013 brochure here. It is easy to register;just call 8455344517 or click here. Twelve weeklong courses in the natural sciences and the arts are offered at Black Rock Forest in Cornwall from July 15 through August 9.Two more classes are offered with site partners,including "The Art of Scientific Observation," hosted jointly by Black Rock Forest Consortium and Storm King Art Center,one of the world's leading sculpture parks,and "A Nautical Expedition" hosted jointly by the Consortium and the Constitution Marsh Audubon Center. We are delighted to announce two special "away" classes that are part of the Summer Science Class program this year: an "Adirondack EcoAdventure" beginning August 11,and "Conservation Biology in Florida," beginning June 23 and featuring field work on the Gulf Coast in cooperation with the University of Florida's Seahorse Key Marine Biological Laboratory. For more information on the Summer Science Class program,please read our press release. Black Rock Forest Consortium is a nonprofit organization founded in 1989 to advance scientific understanding of the natural world through research,education and conservation programs. Summer Science Class's courses are _ .
|
[
"only about science subjects",
"cooperated by several organizations",
"from July 15 through August 9",
"hosted by the world's leading professors"
] | 1B
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
William Henry Bragg was born at Westward,Cumberland,on July 2,1862.He was educated at Market Harboroagh Grammar School and afterwards at King William's College,Isle of Man.Elected as a minor scholar of Trinity College,Cambridge,in 1881,he studied mathematics under the wellknown teacher,Dr E.J.Routh.He studied physics in the Cavendish Laboratory during a part of 1885,and at the end of that year he was elected to the Professorship of Mathematics and Physics in the University of Adelaide,South Australia. His research interests dealt with a great many fields and he was skilled at picking up a subject,almost casually,making an important contribution,and then dropping it again.However,the work of Bragg and his son Lawrence in 1913~1914 founded a new branch of science of the greatest importance and significance,the analysis of the crystal structure by means of Xrays.It is true that the use of Xrays as an instrument for the systematic revelation of the way in which crystals are built was entirely due to the Braggs.This was recognized by the award of the Nobel Prize jointly to father and son in 1915. He was an honorary Doctor of some sixteen universities,and a member of the leading foreign societies.Many other medals and awards were bestowed upon him among which may be mentioned the Rumford Medal in 1916 and the Copley Medal (its premier award) in 1930. He was the author of many books,including Studies in Radioactivity,XRays and Crystal Structure,The World of Sound,Concerning the Nature of Things,Old Trades and New Knowledge,An Introduction to Crystal Analysis,and The Universe of Light.His favorite hobby was golf.After a life of astonishing productiveness,Sir William Bragg died on March 10,1942. Which of the following is the best title for this passage?
|
[
"William Henry Bragg's Productive Life",
"William Henry Bragg:A Famous Author",
"Bragg and His Son--Two Great Scientists",
"Xrays and the Crystal Structure"
] | 0A
|
college_biology
|
mmlu_labeled
|
It's time you started eating sensibly. Experts at the first Chinese Students Nutrition and Health Festival in Kunming last week listed eight bad eating habits. *Watching television while having meals or snacks. Doing this means you don't pay attention to your food, forget how full you are, and so overeat. It can also cause digestion diseases. One way to avoid this is only to eat in certain areas of your home. * Replacing meals with snacks. Many students think that eating small snacks can help them diet. But it often results in overeating and health problems related to a lack of vegetables, carbohydrates ,proteins and vitamins. Snacking only works if it is well planned and includes healthy foods such as nuts, vegetables, fruit and yogurt. *Having drinks rather than water. Fizzy drinks and fruit juice are usually high in calories and sugar, which can cause weight problems. Water is important in making your brain cells and every organ in your body work properly. For your body to burn fat, it needs at least eight glasses of pure water a day. Liquids like soda and coffee actually take water away from your body. *Refusing to drink milk. Milk is the best natural food--it provides you with protein, which makes your bones strong and teeth healthy. * Choosing meat and certain vegetables over others. Different foods provide different kinds of nutrition. If you don't have a balanced diet, this can result in malnutrition and a weaker body. *Eating in front of the computer and staying there after meals. Take a walk after eating and it helps your stomach digest the meal. *Buying from roadside snack bars. If you shop at these places, be careful--many are not clean enough. * Eating throat tablets as if they were sweets. If you eat throat tablets when you have no throat disease, they may affect the bacteria in your mouth and cause real throat problems. _ can possibly cause digestion problem.
|
[
"Eating while sitting in front of TV or computer",
"Eating throat tablets as if they were sweets.",
"Choosing certain kinds of food over others.",
"Buying from roadside snack bars."
] | 0A
|
nutrition
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Love, success, happiness, family and freedom--how important are these values to you? Here is one interview which explores the fundamental questions in life. Question: Could you introduce yourself first? Answer: My name is Misbah, 27 years old. I was born in a war-torn area. Right now I'm a web designer. Q: What are your great memories? A: My parents used to take us to hunt birds, climb trees, and play in the fields. For me it was like a holiday because we were going to have fun all day long. Those are my great memories. Q: Does your childhood mean a lot to you? A: Yes. As life was very hard, I used to work to help bring money in for the family. I spent my childhood working, with responsibilities beyond my age. However, it taught me to deal with problems all alone. I learnt to be independent. Q: What changes would you like to make in your life? A: If I could change something in my life, I'd change it so that my childhood could have taken place in another area. I would have loved to live with my family in freedom. Who cares whether we have much money, or whether we have a beautiful house? It doesn't matter as long as I can live with my family and we are safe. Q: How do your get along with your parents? A: My parents supported me until I came of age. I want to give back what I've got. That's our way. But I am working in another city. My only contact with my parents now is through the phone, but I hate using it. It filters out your emotion and leaves your voice only. My deepest feelings should be passed through sight, hearing and touch. In Misbah's childhood, _ .
|
[
"he was fond of getting close to nature",
"he liked living in the countryside",
"he was free from worry",
"he often spent holidays with his family"
] | 0A
|
human_sexuality
|
mmlu_labeled
|
In the past two years, his wife, Merlie, and their seven children have said "goodbye" to him four times, most recently last month. Each time it has been unnecessary. Mr. Smart had a hip replacement in February at the Burnie hospital but was rushed back two months later with internal bleeding. "The doctors couldn't stop the bleeding," Mrs. Smart said. Medical staff told Mrs. Smart to contact her family, which includes children in Western Australia. "It took two days for them to get here. We had to hope he _ ." he did. "The doctors were there 24 hours a day and they stopped the bleeding. They brought him back," Mrs. Smart said. "I certainly believe in miracles because I've seen one happen, but it wouldn't have happened if the doctors didn't do what they did." It was the second time Mrs. Smart thought she was losing her husband of 54 years. Two years ago, Mr. Smart was admitted to the Launceston General Hospital after a heart attack and a few days later with intense pain caused by a hemorrhage . Again, the family was called to say goodbye---twice. "I was given a 50-50 chance of coming out of it, " Mr. Smart said. Going through the ordeal (,) then was trying on the family, who had prepared themselves for the worst. But to face the same situation only two years later was hard. The Smarts said the support they received at the Burnie hospital helped them through. And it seems the experience has also left an impression at the hospital. Mrs. Smart said when she rang recently and mentioned her husband's name, the reply was "ah the miracle man". What would be the best title for the passage?
|
[
"The Miracle Man.",
"The Kind Doctors and Nurses.",
"A Devoted Wife.",
"A Great Family."
] | 0A
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Drug Use Report A new study examines drug use by young people in t he United States. The study found that cigarette smoking among American teenagers dropped during t he past years. The drop continues a general decrease in teenager smoking rates that started in 1996. American health officials praised the decrease as good news in the nation's battle against smoking. They note that smoking remains the leading cause of preventable death and disease. Smoking rates among American teenagers increased in the first half of the 1990's. However, teenage smoking rates have been decreasing in recent years. The University of Michigan's Institute for Social Research supervised the latest study. The Department of Health and Human Services reported the findings. The study involved more than forty-four-thousand students in more than four-hundred schools across the United States. They were asked about past and daily use of tobacco, alcohol and illegal drugs. The youngest students questioned were thirteen years old. The study also involved fifteen-year-old students and seventeen-year-olds. The most notable change in the study was a continuation of the decrease in cigarette use among thirteen and fifteen-year-olds. For example, about twelve percent of thirteen-year-old students questioned reported smoking at least one cigarette during the past month. Six years ago, the rate was twenty-one percent. Among fifteen-year-olds, the rate dropped from thirty percent in 1996 to twenty-one percent last year. Tommy Thompson is the secretary of Health and Human Services. He praised the findings. He said more teenagers are making correct choices that will help them avoid health problems caused by tobacco. The study found that use of alcoholic drinks and illegal drugs among American teenagers remained the same or dropped during the past year. However, the use of one illegal drug known as Ecstasy continued to increase. Yet the rate of increase was not as great as in recent years. American health officials said they will continue to give teenagers scientific information about the serious health risks of Ecstasy and other illegal drugs. The goal is to further reduce the use of these drugs. During the past years, the use of Ecstasy among teenagers _ .
|
[
"remains the same",
"has also decreased",
"has increased somewhat",
"is not mentioned"
] | 2C
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
People who smoke could lose around one third of their everyday memory, researchers say. A study by a team at the University of Northumbria has shown that smokers lose more of their memory when compared to non-smokers. And the research also found that those who _ saw their ability to recollect information restored to almost the same level as non-smokers. The study involved more than seventy 18-to 25-year-old volunteers and included a tour of the university's campus. Those who took part were asked to recall(;)small details, such as music acts listed to play at the students' union and tasks completed at various points---known as a real-world memory test. Smokers performed badly, remembering just 59 percent of tasks. But those who had given up smoking remembered 74 percent and those who had never smoked recalled 81 percent of tasks. Dr. Tom Heffernan, who leads Northumbria University's Collaboration for Drug and Alcohol Research Group, said the findings would be useful in anti-smoking campaigns. He said, "Given that there are up to 10 million smokers in the UK and as many as 45 million in America, it's important to understand the effects that smoking has on everyday cognitive function." This is the first time that a study has set out to examine whether giving up smoking has an effect on memory. We already know that giving up smoking has huge health benefits to the body, but this study also shows how stopping smoking can bring a series of benefits to cognitive function. The research will now investigate the effects of second-hand smoking on memory, while Dr. Heffernan will look into third-hand smoking, such as toxins left on curtains and furniture. We can learn from the passage that _ .
|
[
"America has twice as many smokers as the UK",
"the research findings will help anti-smoking campaigns",
"the effects of second-hand smoking on memory have been found by the study",
"those who have stopped smoking have as good a memory as non-smokers"
] | 1B
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Spring peepers are found in wooded areas and grassy lowlands near pools in the central and eastern parts of Canada and the United States. These loud animals are rarely seen, but as temperatures begin to rise in March and April, the males certainly are heard. Their peep...peep... peep creates an other-worldly whistling sound that, to many, is the first sign of spring, compared with that of some birds. Spring peepers are brown in color1 with dark lines that form an X on their backs. They grow to about 1.5 inches (3.8 centimeters) in length, and have large special toes for climbing. These creatures are active at night, coming out to feed on ants, beetles, flies, and spiders. When the warmer weather arrives, male frogs attempt to attract a mate with a spring song. The frogs normally perform in singing. The one who starts each round usually has the deepest voice. The "vocal sacs" under their mouths allow the frogs to "sing". They fill their vocal sacs with air until they look like a balloon, and then they let out a "peep" as they release the air. They "peep" about once every second. These sounds can often be heard as far as a half-mile away After a female and male peeper mate, the female lays her eggs in water and spends the remainder of the year in the forest. During the winter, they sleep under logs or behind loose bark on trees. The music dies down during the cold months, but the sounds of peepers will soon be heard again, sounding the coming of spring. What can we know about the spring peepers from the text?
|
[
"They prefer to live in the dry areas in North America.",
"They are the first animals to make sounds in spring.",
"They can live both in water and on land.",
"They are active during the cold months of the year."
] | 2C
|
college_biology
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Learning to play a musical instrument can change your brain, with a US review finding musical training can lead to improved speech and foreign language skills. Although it was suggested in the past that listening to Mozart's music or other classical music could make you smarter, there has been little evidence to show that music can boost brain power. But a data-driven review by Northwestern University has pulled reaserch together that links musical training to learning that spills over into skills including language, speech, memory, attention and even vocal emotion. Researcher Nina Kraus said the data strongly suggested that the nervous connections made during musical training also prepared the brain for other aspects of human communication. " The effect of musical training suggests that, like physical exercise and its effect on body fitness, music is a resource that tones the brain for _ fitness and thus requires society to re-examine the role of music in shaping individual development, " the researchers said in their study. Kraus said learning musical sounds could improve the brain's ability to adapt and change and also enable the nervous system to provide constructing patterns that are important to learning. The study, published in Nature Review Neuroscience , looked at the explosion of research in recent years focusing on the effect of musical training on the nervous system which could have impacts for education. The study found that playing an instrument prepares the brain to choose what is related in a complex process that may involve reading or remembering a score, timing issues and coordination with other musicians. It was believed but not proved that listening to classical music could _ .
|
[
"add to your intelligence",
"improve your speech",
"boost your memory",
"make you think faster"
] | 0A
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Is there a limit to the number of years that a person can expect to live? Can changes in life-style add years to one's life? Throughout history people have sought answers to these questions and others. Various myths offer the hope of great longevity. In the imaginary land of Shangri-La, for example, people are said to lead a charmed existence for a thousand years. The Spanish explorer Ponce de Leon was convinced that he would find the Foundation of Youth in what is now the state of Florida. According to the Bible, Methuselah lived to be more than 900 years old. The subject of longevity is fascinating, and scientists study individuals such as Jeanne Calment to learn about the aging process. Calment died in 1997 in Arles, France, at the age of 122. She never married, and she lived in her own apartment until moving to a retirement community when she was 109. Most scientists agree that bodies will last, at best, about 125 years. This potential has changed little since modern human beings appeared more than 100 thousand years age. Recent improvements in medicine and the environment have extended life expectancy, especially for those from poorer parts of the world. It is not clear, however, whether such improvements will lengthen life expectancy beyond a certain point. Life expectancy is the number of years an infant can be expected to live, given the conditions into which it is born. Life expectancy, therefore, is affected by nutrition, medical care, and social and political circumstances. An individual's genetic makeup is also an important factor. Children from long-lived families can hope to enjoy long lives themselves. According to recent data, the average life expectancy worldwide in 1998 was 67 years. This can be compared with an average life expectancy of 77 in the United States. In 1970 the average life expectancy worldwide was 61 years, or 6 years less than it was in 1998. This same period saw a drop in infant mortality --- the death of a child before the first birthday---from 80 births out of 1,000 to 54 births out of 1,000. According to some researchers, the rise in the average life expectancy is due primarily to the drop in infant mortality. It is not so much that adults are living to an older age. It is, rather, that more people are living into adulthood because more children are surviving beyond their first birthdays. Although it may be possible to improve the life expectancy of a particular group of people, _ .
|
[
"it is more difficult to affect the rate of infant mortality",
"it is unlikely that one will be able to extend the potential life span of human beings in general",
"the process of evolution is extending the potential life span beyond 125 years",
"the potential that bodies will last, at best, about 125 years has changed much since modern human beings appeared"
] | 1B
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
In humans, the gene for a free earlobe [E] is dominant over the gene for an attached earlobe [e]. If one parent has a free earlobe [ Ee ] and the other parent has an attached earlobe ( ee ), what is the probability that their offspring will have an attached earlobe?
|
[
"0%",
"25%",
"50%",
"100%"
] | 2C
|
natural_science
|
ai2_arc_challenge
|
A well-developed class website can save teachers a lot of time in the long run, improving both student-teacher and parent-teacher communication while providing a repository of all classroom documents for future use. Although some extra time during the school year is required, once the site is up it needs just minor adjustments each new year. Have a question? Get an answer from online technology support now. Decide which type of software you will use to create a class website. Microsoft has many applications that can be used to create websites, such as Publisher, Word and Expression Web. Some web hosting sites also have simple editing tools you can use instead of a formal program. Find a place to host your class website. Your Internet provider often provides about some small space for a personal website for free, and many other free website hosting companies are on the Internet. Consider using a template for your first attempt at website design. Most templates also come with a selection of color and graphics already in place so you can concentrate on content instead of design. It will contain basic sections with your specific class information. Add content to your website. You need to have announcement sections for both parents and students, a syllabus or class rules area, homework assignments or a calendar, and maybe a links section for learning more about in-class topics and playing educational games. Decorate your website with graphics, clip art, background, cool fonts and other decorative items. It's best to find a theme you like, such as ducks or fire hydrants, and make your design elements all stick with your theme. If you think that is too attractive, go for an abstract look. Remember to keep it simple since too much color and graphics make a site look busy and detract from its usability. The best title could be _ .
|
[
"Advantages on Setting up A Class Website",
"Reasons for Setting up A Class Website",
"How to Decorate A Class Website",
"How to Create A Class Website"
] | 3D
|
computer_security
|
mmlu_labeled
|
We are already familiar with computers--computers work for us at home, in offices and in factories. But it is also true that many children today are using computers at schools before they can write. What does this mean for the future? Are these children lucky or not? Many people who do not know about computers think of them as machines that children play with. They worry that children do not learn from experience but just from pressing a button and that this is not good for them. They think that children are growing not knowing about the real world. But people who understand more about computers say that computers can be very good for children. A computer can help them to learn about the real world more quickly, to learn what they want to learn and think for themselves. And for the future, don't we need people who can think clearly, who know how to get information quickly and use it well? What do you think? What can computers help children to do?
|
[
"To think clearly, to do homework and to write.",
"To play games, to do math and to copy.",
"To think clearly, to get information and to use it well.",
"To count, to clean the house and to get information."
] | 2C
|
college_computer_science
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Which best describes sexual reproduction in all animals?
|
[
"Egg and sperm join together.",
"Pollen and seed join together.",
"Offspring have traits of only one parent.",
"Offspring are identical to one parent."
] | 0A
|
natural_science
|
ai2_arc_challenge
|
What will reflect more light?
|
[
"a black bag",
"a yellow shirt",
"a blue shirt",
"brown shoes"
] | 1B
|
high_school_physics
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Small mammals have many adaptations that keep them warm in winter. Which would not help conserve heat?
|
[
"running",
"hibernating",
"huddling in a group",
"growing thicker fur"
] | 0A
|
college_biology
|
mmlu_labeled
|
"Global warming could make humans shorter," warn scientists who claim to have found evidence that it caused the world's first horses to shrink nearly 50 million years ago. In fact, a team from the universities of Florida and Nebraska says it has found a link between the Earth heating up and the size of mammals - horses, in this case. The scientists used fossils to follow the evolution of horses from their earliest appearance 56 million years ago. As temperature went up,their size went down, and vice versa ;" At one point they were as small as a house cat," said Dr Jonathan Bloch, curator of the Florida Museum of Natural History, which was quoted by the "Daily Mail" as saying. The scientists say that the current warming could have the same effect on mammals and could even make humans smaller."Horses started out small, about the size of a small dog . What's surprising is that after they first appeared, they then became even smaller and then dramatically increased in size, and that exactly _ the global warming event, followed by cooling" "It had been known that mammals were small during that time and that it was warm, but we hadn't realized that temperature specifically was driving the evolution of body size," Dr Bloch said in the "Science" journal. What can we infer form the passage?
|
[
"As temperatures went up, horses dramatically increased in size",
"The temperature has no effect on mammals' evolution",
"As temperatures went up, horses' size went down",
"In history, it used to be warm at early times , followed by a certain period of sharply cooling down."
] | 3D
|
college_biology
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Which object has more thermal energy?
|
[
"a cherry pie at a temperature of 100°F",
"a cherry pie at a temperature of 85°F"
] | 0A
|
natural science
|
scienceqa
|
Early to bed, early to rise, makes a man healthy, wealthy and wise. This is an old English saying. Do you know it before? It says that we must go to bed early and get up early in the morning. Then we should be healthy. We should also be rich (wealthy) and clever (wise). This is true. The body must have enough sleep to be healthy. Children of a young age should have ten hours' sleep every night. Children who don't have enough sleep can't do their work very well. They will not be wise and they may not become wealthy! The body also needs exercise. Walking, running, jumping, swimming and playing games are all exercise. Exercise keeps the body strong. Exercise also keeps the blood moving around inside the body. This is very important. Our blood takes food to all parts of our body. The head also needs blood. Exercise helps us to think better! Which of the following is not true?
|
[
"Exercise is good for a person's head",
"A student should have 10 hour's sleep.",
"It's good for you to get up early and go to bed early.",
"If you have enough blood, you'll be wise"
] | 3D
|
nutrition
|
mmlu_labeled
|
More and more people are taking their iPads to bed with them to surf the web, check facebook or send e-mails before switching off the light. But researchers are warning that the blue light their screens give off can stop users getting a good night's sleep. That is because this type of light is similar to daylight, convincing the brain that it is still daytime. Blue light prevents the production of a brain chemical called melatonin, which helps us fall asleep. By contrast, light which is more orange or red does not prevent melatonin production, perhaps because our brains recognize it as a cue that the day ends. Scientists have known for years that staring at screens late in the evening can affect sleep ---- they are television screens, computer screens or mobile phone screens. However, because mobiles and iPads are by nature portable ---- not to say addictive ---- more people are taking them into the bedroom. Users also tend to hold them much closer to their eyes than a computer or television screen. Researchers are warning that looking at iPad displays for more than two hours leads to lower natural melatonin levels as the devices give off blue light. They say, "Turning off the devices at night is the final solution. But if you have to use these devices at night, dim the display to cut down irritation of the eyes and limit the time you spend on them before bed." They wrote in the journal Applied Ergonomics that iPad makers should adjust the spectral power distribution of the devices so that they affect the sleep patterns of users less. It is not just a good night's sleep that could be harmed by too much late night screen time. Researchers know that long-term harm to sleep patterns can lead to an increased risk of obesity and even cancers. Blue light prevents iPad users from sleeping well because _ .
|
[
"it is the same as daylight which keeps people awake",
"it makes the brain more active",
"it is brighter than light that is more orange or red",
"it can help decrease the production of melatonin"
] | 3D
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Mosquitoes have an extraordinary ability to target humans far away and fly straight to their unprotected skin. Regrettably,mosquitoes can do more than cause an itchy wound. Some mosquitoes spread several serious diseases,including Dengue,yellow fever and malaria. Over one million people worldwide die from these diseases each year. New research now shows how mosquitoes choose who to bite. Mosquitoes need blood to survive. They are attracted to human skin and breath. They smell the carbon dioxide gas,which all mammals breathe out. This gas is the main way for mosquitoes to know that a warm-blooded creature is nearby. But mosquitoes also use their eyes and sense of touch. Michael Dickinson is a professor at the California Institute of Technology. His research shows how these small insects,with even smaller brains,use three senses to find a blood meal. Michael Dickinson's team used plumes--a material that rises into the air of carbon dioxide gas into a wind tunnel. They then used cameras to record the mosquitoes. The insects followed the plume. Then,the scientists placed dark objects on the lighter colored floor and walls of the tunnel. Mr. Dickinson said,at first,the mosquitoes showed no interest in the objects at all. "What was quite striking and quite surprising is that the mosquitoes fly back and forth for hours. These are hungry females and they completely ignore the objects on the floor and wall of the tunnel. But the moment they get a hit of CO2,they change their behavior quite obviously and now would become attracted to these little visual blobs ." This suggested to the researchers that a mosquito's sense of smell is more important in the search for food. Once mosquitoes catch a smell of a human or animal,they also follow visual signals. What do mosquitoes mainly use to find their targets?
|
[
"Sense of smell.",
"Sense of touch.",
"Sense of sight.",
"Smart brains."
] | 0A
|
college_biology
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Half a year ago I came across a book called"Salt,Sugar and Fat. How the Food Giants Hooked US",but finished it only recently. I am far from being a fan of junk food,over-salty,or over-sweet stuff,and honestly this food doesn't appeal to me at all. Maybe it is related to the fact that I grew up in Russia and at that time we were not so exposed to the foreign, especially made in America foods. We knew Coca Cola,Pepsi,juice powder and Cheetos,but this stuff was not so cheap or available to buy it every day and we couldn't buy them in large quantities. We didn't know the word"fat"was not a bad thing but a normal of life for some people. We always had sweets and especially on holidays they were served as a dessert along with a cake. Russians like eating sweets when they drink tea. Even with my passion to desserts I still can'trelate myself to the people Michale Moss was writing about, those consumers who could not say"no" when it came to junk food. What I found interesting in the book was that the author didn't focus on diets, necessity to exercise,sleep well at night and all other things we all are pretty aware of. The aim was not to teach people how to live but instead,after having made a huge research,interviewed more than 100 people in the food industry,Moss reveals the ugly of the food business. It puts all the facts in front of us and offers a choice:to buy or not to buy. However,the answer was known at the very beginning. Moss mentions the well-known food like Coca,Cola,Pepsi,Nestle and some others and tells how skillfully the consumers can be cheated when it comes to choosing what to put in the food basket in the supermarket. We like this taste of a chocolate,the crispy chips,and sweet porridges because it was all put on test by groups of scientists who made experiments to reveal what kind of taste will be most appealing to us. It involves brain,of course. Apart from scientific researches, it was also due to successful marketing strategies and plans that people prefer to buy food. In this companies'money race,the most vulnerable victims are kids. They can't tell good from bad and love everything that makes them feel good. Commercial ads of fast food particularly targeted kids and played on the fact that mothers can't fully control what their children eat because they spent all day at work. Mothers themselves buy chocolates bars and com flakes for their kids,guided by a powerful brainwashing that actually,these products were not unhealthy, on the contrary, it was encouraged to give them to kids, because fat and sugar provide energy, so they are good,right? Giving a credit to some food companies, they made attempts to fight the trend, but consumers,who already worked a habit of eating too salty, too fatting and too sweet products,didn't react to the changes. So the companies returned to the old policy. Surprisingly,such behavior was strongly backed up by the govermment. I would definitely recommend reading this book not only to those who struggle in the battle with his addiction to fast food but also people living healthily. It casts light on many things,including how vulnerable we can be in front of corporations and their powerful and accurate marketing strategies. In the book "Salt, Sugar and Fat. How the Food Giants Hooked US",Moss focused on _ .
|
[
"how to keep fit.",
"how junk foods are made",
"How to buy healthy food",
"how food companies cheated us"
] | 3D
|
nutrition
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Which statement accurately describes the neutrons in any element?
|
[
"The number of neutrons equals the number of electrons.",
"Neutrons are found in a cloud around the nucleus.",
"The charge of a neutron is always negative.",
"Neutrons are more massive than electrons."
] | 3D
|
natural_science
|
ai2_arc_challenge
|
Wikipedia is a free-access, free content Internet encyclopedia , supported and hosted by the non-profit Wikipedia Foundation. Wikipedia is ranked among the ten most popular websites and is considered the Internet's largest and most popular general reference book. Now, Wikipedia is becoming Wookiepedia as scientists hope the informative website will help us reach out to intelligent life forms. So aliens can learn about the human race. Astronomers would like to beam the entire contents of Wikipedia into space in the hope of contacting aliens. They want to send messages to hundreds of star systems and planets 20 light years away using radio telescopes. The Search for Extraterrestrial Intelligence Institute, in California, wants to use powerful radio telescopes to try to reach Chewbacca and his mates in a galaxy far away. The plans will be discussed by astronomers at the weekend as some scientists fear the reply from ET might not turn out to be friendly. Institute scientist David Black said, "One question is if there are dangerous creatures we might be drawing their attention to ourselves. Another is if we go ahead, what message should be sent? There could be many civilizations out there,but if they are all listening and no one is broadcasting or responding, then nothing will happen." Professor Stephen Hawking, who has warned that intelligent aliens probably exist and we should keep a safe distance from them, is among _ . "If aliens visit us, the outcome would be much as when Columbus landed in America which didn't turn out well for the Native Americans," he said. Signals from Earth's radio and TV broadcasts have been heading out in space for some 60 years reaching around 5,000 stars. Which can be the best title?
|
[
"Wikipedia, the most popular website",
"Wikipedia to be beamed into space",
"Wikipedia, aliens' best friend",
"Wikipedia to result in a disaster"
] | 1B
|
astronomy
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Scientists conduct investigations to answer questions. Before making a valid conclusion, scientists must
|
[
"collect relevant evidence",
"tell people about the data",
"publish results from the investigation",
"discuss the investigation with other scientists"
] | 0A
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Mandara seemed to know something big was about to happen. So she let out a yell, caught hold of her 2-year-old daughter Kibibi and climbed up into a tree. She lives at the National Zoo in Washington, D.C. And on Tuesday, August 23rd, witnesses say she seemed to sense the big earthquake that shook much of the East Coast before any humans knew what was going on. And she's not the only one. In the moments before the quake, an orangutan let out a loud call and then climbed to the top of her shelter. "It's very different from their normal call," said Brandie Smith, the zookeeper. "The lemurs (monkey-like animals of Madagascar) will sound an alarm call if they see or hear something highly unusual." But you can't see or hear an earthquake 15 minutes before it happens, can you? Maybe you can -- if you're an animal. "Animals can hear above and below our range of hearing," said Brandie Smith. "That's part of their special abilities. They're more sensitive to the environment, which is how they survive." Primates weren't the only animals that seemed to sense the quake before it happened. One of the elephants made a warning sound. And a huge lizard ran quickly for _ . The flamingoes (a kind of bird) gathered before the quake and stayed together until the shaking stopped. So what kind of vibrations were the animals picking up in the moments before the quake? Scientist Susan Hough says earthquakes produce two types of waves -- a weak "P" wave and then a much stronger "S" wave. The "P" stands for "primary". And the "S" stands for "secondary". She said she thinks the "P" wave might be what set the animals off. Not all the animals behaved unusually before the quake. For example, Smith says the zoo's giant pandas didn't jump up until the shaking actually began. But many of the other animals seemed to know something was coming before it happened. "I'm not surprised at all," Smith said. Why did Mandara act strangely one day?
|
[
"Because it sensed something unusual would happen.",
"Because its daughter Kibibi was injured.",
"Because it heard an orangutan let out a loud call.",
"Because an earthquake had happened."
] | 0A
|
anatomy
|
mmlu_labeled
|
What information supports the conclusion that Jordan acquired this trait?
|
[
"Jordan's neighbor taught him how to repair a kite.",
"Jordan likes to fly a kite with his younger brother.",
"Jordan's friend taught him how to fly a kite."
] | 2C
|
natural science
|
scienceqa
|
For many years, Yang Shanzhou was the local party secretary in a remote, mountainous village in southwest China's Yunnan Province. Though he could live a better life in the city, he still decided to move even further into the mountains, and devoted himself to greening the land. He passed away in 2010, but his story lives on. A blanket of green - And it all started with a surprising decision made by Yang Shanzhou back in 1988. The 62 year old decided to return to his hometown in Daliang Mountain, to bring green back to the _ hills. Along with fifteen other people, Yang settled down deep in the mountains and began to work on his plan. It was a life that was harder than most people could ever imagine. Su Jiaxiang, Yang Shanzhou's secretary, said, "I went to visit him several times. He didn't even have decent shoes and it was very cold at night. But you know he was almost seventy!" In 2010, Yang Shanzhou passed away. He was buried in Daliang Mountain, according to his will. More than twenty years has passed since he first began his planting in the mountains.The hills are now covered with kinds of trees. By planting trees, Yang Shanzhou also planted hope. This hidden hero left his local government with a priceless legacy. From the passage we can know Mr Yang Shanzhou passed away at the age of _ .
|
[
"74",
"62",
"84",
"94"
] | 2C
|
human_aging
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Ask anybody out there, what is the most important thing in his life - Fame, Fortune and Money, and there is a chance that he is going to say, money, because with that, fame and fortune comes quite easily. On the other hand, if you add "family" to these three choices given above, there is a chance that 99% of the people are going to put their family first, especially if they happen to be ladies! The main reason is because nature has created a woman to be the cherisher and the nurturer of the family, while the man is the hunter and protector of his little family. That is the natural rule which has come down through thousands of years. Even if a person happens to be a comparatively worldly-wise person and has no idea of taking on the responsibility of a family, he has a picture of a tight little _ in his subconscious . They tell a story about a successful millionaire businessman who died and the whole city came to pay its respects. One of his business competitors, met the son and said, "We are really going to miss your father. You see, I knew your father well." And the son replied, "You happen to be really lucky there, because I never did." So, you might be an extremely successful person in your own right upon Wall Street, but if your little child fails to come running out to welcome his daddy at the end of the day to be swung up in his father's arms and held there lovingly and protectively, you come in the "nothing" category in the business of life. Many people are under the impression that taking on the responsibility of the family is quite tiresome, but they do not know what it takes to be a parent. It is very easy to be a biological father or a biological mother, but the real mother and the real father is that person who stays awake all night when the baby is teething, teaches him right from wrong, is there to hold him when he takes his first steps, and in every way shows that he is there to cherish and protect the little one from harm. There was a man who did not believe in family, because of an unhappy childhood. But he found a faithful woman to love him unconditionally. The moment he picked up his little baby, he said, "Well son, welcome to the world! I am here to teach you what your mama has taught me, and we shall both protect you, when you need our help. I will teach you to be a good, just and fair man." The writer writes Para.1 to _ .
|
[
"introduce the topic",
"raise a question",
"present the survey",
"make a comparison"
] | 0A
|
human_sexuality
|
mmlu_labeled
|
People have always wanted to speak with animals. There are many books about this, especially children books. Now there are also movies, such as Dr. Doolittle. When you watch animals, it seems clear that they can communicate with each other. Many people wonder why people can't also communicate with them. Scientists know how some animals communicate. Bees, for example, use their bodies. They do a kind of dance to give information about food. Birds, on the other hand, share information with sounds. They use certain sounds to protect their homes and to stay together when they fly. Some male birds use lovely songs to attract a female . Other animals communicate with both body movements and sounds. For example, dogs wag their tails when they are happy, and they bark when they are excited. People used to think it was possible to teach human language to animals. Parrots and other birds, for example, can learn to say words. But the birds just repeat the words. They don't understand them. Some American scientists tried to teach English to chimpanzees , close s of human beings. However, this was impossible. Chimpanzees can't move their mouths the right way. They could never learn to speak like people. Then scientists tried to teach human language to chimpanzees in other ways. Some tried with American Sign Language (ASL). Others tried with a simple computer. But chimpanzees could only learn to use a few words. They could never learn to use grammar. Their brains are very different from the brains of human beings. Now some scientists are studying the same points between human and animal language. In fact, some animals use sounds like people do. Dogs, for example, use an unpleasant, low sound to tell other dogs to stay away. People, too, use that kind of voice to say the same things. A dog's noisy bark communicate that something is happening. People use the same high tone when they shout, "Watch out!" Scientists want to understand the language of other animals, such as whales and bears. To do this, they go out to the animals' natural homes. They watch the animals for days or even years. They take pictures and make tape recordings and share the information with other scientists. In this way, they hope to learn more about the way animals communicate, and maybe someday we'll be able to communicate better with them. Bees do a kind of dance to _ .
|
[
"tell other bees where food is",
"attract other bees",
"show they are happy",
"play with other bees"
] | 0A
|
college_biology
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Take control of your health by learning these four numbers. They'll help with everything from losing weight to protecting your heart. Your daily calorie needs This is not technically a measurement, but it can have a huge influence on your health. Most women need 2,000 calories a day for good health, and men generally need about 2,550. One way to work out your daily calorie needs is to multiply your weight in pounds by 13 to 15, depending on your activity level. But roughly, that's 300 to 400 calories for breakfast, 500 to 600 for lunch, and 600 to 700 for dinner. Trying to lose weight? Eat about 500 calories less. Your waist size Waist size is one of the best ways to measure whether your weight is affecting your heart health. When body fat is packed into your abdomen ,your risk of heart attack increases. For women, health risk begins to rise when your waist is more than 35 inches. For men, risk increases with a measurement when your waist is over 40 inches. Your blood pressure Blood pressure rises and falls normally during the day. When it remains high, you have high blood pressure and this carries a higher risk or heart disease and stroke. A reading of 140/90 mm Hg or more is considered high, and if it's between 120/80 and 139/89, you may still be at risk and should be taking steps to prevent the development of high blood pressure. Your morning pulse rate Your pulse rate is the number of times your heart beats in one minute. A normal resting pulse rate is 60 to 90 beats per minute. People who are fit tend to have lower resting pulse rates because their heart muscles are in good shape. But if you don't exercise regularly and your heart rate is lower than the normal range, tell your doctor--it could be a sign of heart disease. How can you control daily calories if you decide to lose weight?
|
[
"Eating around 2,000--2, 500 calories",
"Having fewer than 500 calories.",
"Cutting down about 500 calories from amount.",
"Taking in a little fewer calories than the total amount"
] | 2C
|
nutrition
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Dictionaries say that "spring fever" is a lazy or restless feeling . People usually have the feeling on the first warm day of spring. Everyone has probably felt it at one time or another . people have talked about it for years. Recently, scientists have taken a good look at spring fever. What they found is quite surprising. In many places we live in , the winter months often seem dark and dreary. When spring comes late March , the world becomes colorful . The number of daylight hours grows with each passing day. According to many scientists, all the sunlight sets off chemicals in the brain . The chemicals make our feeling change and bring on spring fever. The best title for the passage is _ .
|
[
"How to Get Over Spring Fever",
"Spring Fever",
"Darkness in winter",
"Spring and winter"
] | 1B
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
It takes years of school to develop math skills, but learning about numbers starts earlier than you might think. Now according to a new study, at three months, babies have already started acquiring a concept of "how much". Previous research had suggested that very young babies can tell when the number of objects in a group has changed. But the babies in these studies were simply reacting generally to the fact that something had changed, they suspected. Researchers of Harvard University studied 36 babies, all three months old. During the tests, each baby wore a hat with sensors . The babies watched a series of images on a computer screen. _ showed the same object, such as a cartoon character. For a while, the number of the objects in the pictures didn't change. Then the images began to display a different object, or a different number of one of the objects the babies had previously looked at. As soon as something changed, the babies' brains responded with a specific pattern of electrical signals, which would be recorded by sensors. By analyzing these signals, the researchers discovered that one part of the brain (near the top on the left side) responded when the object in the image changed. A different part of the brain (lower and on the right side) responded when the number of objects in the image changed. This was not the area of the brain that is involved in attention. That suggests that the babies' brains are doing more than just reacting to a change in what they're seeing - they actually seem to be able to tell number changes from other types of changes. Numbers and amounts are important concepts in our lives. Even though babies are years away from adding, subtracting , multiplying, and dividing, their brains seem to be preparing for a time when they finally will. Why were hats with sensors used in the study?
|
[
"To record the images on the computer screen.",
"To remind babies of the changes of numbers.",
"To record the electrical activity of each baby's brain.",
"To help babies concentrate on the computer screen."
] | 2C
|
college_computer_science
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Muscle cells have the ability to store and release large amounts of energy. Which body function is best served by this release of energy?
|
[
"exchanging gases",
"moving body parts",
"absorbing nutrients",
"sending nerve impulses"
] | 1B
|
natural_science
|
ai2_arc_challenge
|
In plants, which describes sexual reproduction but not asexual reproduction?
|
[
"Five limbs are grafted onto the same tree.",
"New plants are grown from pieces of other plants.",
"A fertilized egg cell divides to produce an embryo.",
"Offspring are produced that have the same genetic information as the parent."
] | 2C
|
natural_science
|
ai2_arc_challenge
|
SAN FRANCISCO--A phone app in San Francisco gives information about open parking spots.City officials in San Francisco introduced the app to try to reduce traffic jams in the city, but some say it raises safety concerns. In this city, drivers searching for parking spots lead to 30 percent of all downtown jams, city officials think.Now San Francisco has found a solution -- a phone app for spot-seekers that shows information about areas with available spaces.The system, introduced last month, relies on wireless sensors fixed in streets and city garages that can tell within seconds if a spot has opened up. But the system could come with serious consequences.Some people say that drivers searching for parking could end up focusing on their phones, not the road."It could be really distracting ," said Daniel Simons, a professor of psychology at the University of Illinois. City officials admitted the hidden problem.They are urging drivers to pull over before they use the city's iPhone app, or to do so before they leave home. Nathaniel Ford, executive director of the San Francisco Municipal Transportation Agency, said safety could actually improve if drivers quickly found a spot instead of circling and getting frustrated. San Francisco has put sensors into 7,000 parking spots and 12,250 spots in city garages.If spaces in an area open up, the sensors communicate wirelessly with computers that in turn make the information available to app users within a minute, said Mr. Ford, of the transportation agency.On the app, a map shows which blocks have lots of places(blue)and which are full(red). More than 12,000 people have downloaded San Francisco's app, which is available now only for the iPhone. The phone app mentioned in the text _ .
|
[
"is a bit slow in reacting",
"hasn't been put into service",
"was introduced several years ago",
"can't be downloaded to all phones"
] | 3D
|
computer_security
|
mmlu_labeled
|
You put a great deal of effort into reaching the college of your choice. It's time to get started. But what's next? Beginning college can be an exciting but awkward time. Follow these tips to adjust to your new life rapidly and make the most of your college experience. * To save time and money, use the college's bus system. Taking the bus to school is quick, easy and free in most college towns. You won't have to locate or afford a place to park either. It's also a good way to be environmentally aware. * Save pennies on books by waiting until class starts. You might not even need all of the recommended books. New textbooks cost an arm and a leg. Try buying used textbooks -- it's a surefire way to save money and serves the purpose as well. * Do never look at college life as an endless series of parties and social activities. But there is a whole lot more to college if you're serious about graduating. Having a good college experience is all about balancing work and fun. * Be aware that your living environment can largely affect your academic success. If the dorm doesn't suit you, consider living at home with your family or renting your own apartment. The best location for your studies isn't always your dorm. Find a quiet area, like the library, to do your work. Alternatively, buy some headphones that block out noise. * Be mindful of your diet. Make healthy food choices and watch what you eat. Avoid foods that are processed or high in sugar. The "freshman 15" is real. Many college students gain at least 15 pounds during their freshmen year. * While electives can be helpful when figuring out your major, you shouldn't entirely rely on them. Clubs and other organizations exist around. Get involved. Make sure, though, that you still have time to study. _ can hurt your grades. Which of the following ideas can be financially wise?
|
[
"Driving your own car.",
"Buying used books.",
"Renting an apartment.",
"Attending activities."
] | 1B
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Growing your own fruit and vegetables is one of the best things in the world. It is very good for your health and also brings happiness to you. To be a successful fruit-and-vegetable grower, check out these tips: *A family affair Get all family members to take part in growing. Children will learn where food comes from, and they may like to have their own little field. *Size doesn't matter You can work in any place you like, not just in a common vegetable garden. Grow fruit and vegetables in a window box, or use your flowerbed to grow vegetables and beautiful flowers together. *The natural way If you want to grow foods organically, you can't use sprays that would harm children, pets and wildlife. You should work with nature rather than against it. Growing your own food doesn't take up too much time and costs little. A few seeds and some basic tools will be OK. Second-hand tools can often be both cheap and good to use. The author thinks growing food is _ .
|
[
"a waste of time",
"too expensive",
"easy and interesting",
"very boring"
] | 2C
|
nutrition
|
mmlu_labeled
|
A home computer not only helps children master the old ways of learning, but also opens up possibilities that simply aren't available in traditional education. Some software, for example, allows kids to make decisions and see the results in different situations. The World Wide Web encourages young minds to move easily from link to link, topic to topic. The best software draws children into learning by making them curious--what if I click on this picture, drag this over here, visit that website? Knowing how to use a computer also encourages a child's confidence. Kids figure out quickly that computers are powerful, and mastering the machine makes them feel grown-up. In turn, feeling confident on a computer often translates to academic confidence. Researchers have found that attitudes toward writing, for example, improve when students write on a computer. Perhaps most importantly, computers can enrich family life. Forget the idea that computer kids are separated. Children like to use the computer with adults and other kids, asking questions and comparing results. "The Internet is a unique opportunity to bring resources home, "notes Susan Haugland, PhD, Cape Girardeau, Mo. , author of Computer and Young Children:A World of Discovery. Although the benefits of computers are real, they have disadvantages, too. Kids can lose their way, wasting hours on mindless software of violent games. Just as parents have always helped children make good choices about everything from friends to food, books to TV, now we must make sure they get the best out of computers. The passage is mainly talking about _ .
|
[
"the disadvantages of children's using computers",
"the advantages of children' using computers",
"the development of computers",
"the fact that using computers makes children lose their way"
] | 1B
|
college_computer_science
|
mmlu_labeled
|
For good health, be sure to eat fruits and vegetables, exercise regularly and lie as seldom as possible. A researcher is hoping this advice will someday take hold, based on results of a "science of honesty" study she completed. Half of 110 participants were told to stop telling major or minor ("white") lies for 10 weeks, while the other half (the control group) was given no special instructions about lying. The 110 people ranged from ages 18 to 71 and came from both sexes and all income levels. All came to a laboratory each week to complete health and relationship questionnaires and to take a test showing the number of major and minor lies they had told that week. When those in the no-lie group told three fewer white lies than in other weeks, they complained less of headaches, tenseness, anxiety and other problems than those in the control group. In addition, they reported that their close personal relationships had improved and their social interactions had gone more smoothly. "The link was that clear," said study author Anita Kelly, a professor of psychology at the University of Notre Dame, Indiana. "Lying less was clearly associated with better health for those people." Previous research indicates that Americans average 11 lies per week, from the little white lies to save face or falsely praise others to major lies about serious matters. Kelly said her study differs from former studies because it didn't focus on how to detect a liar, but on the potential health consequences of telling lies. "People might recognize the more harmful effect lying can have on relationships, but probably don't recognize the extent to which it can cause a lot of stress," said Dr. Bryan Bruno at Lenox Hill Hospital in New York City. At the end of the study, some participants had created smart ways to avoid lying. Kelly noted that some realized they could simply tell the truth about their daily achievements rather than exaggerate , while others responded to a troubling question with another question to take the person's attention away. They also stopped making false excuses for running late or failing to finish tasks. "People usually think white lies are acceptable. In fact, white lies are trouble, not just major lies," Kelly said. "As long as you like, you can find effective ways to avoid lying in many cases. It depends on you." "But the goal doesn't have to be the absolute absence of lies ... the goal would be a reduction in lies," she added. According to the author, doing the following things is good for health EXCEPT _ .
|
[
"eating fruits and vegetables",
"exercising regularly",
"lying as seldom as possible",
"watching TV"
] | 3D
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
In humans, the gene for a free earlobe [E] is dominant over the gene for an attached earlobe [e]. If one parent has a free earlobe [ Ee ] and the other parent has an attached earlobe ( ee ), what is the probability that their offspring will have an attached earlobe?
|
[
"0%",
"25%",
"50%",
"100%"
] | 2C
|
natural_science
|
ai2_arc_challenge
|
Using only these supplies, which question can Joy investigate with an experiment?
|
[
"Do sunflowers grow taller if they are planted in planter boxes or in pots?",
"Do sunflowers grow bigger in sunny planter boxes or in shady planter boxes?",
"Which type of sunflower grows more leaves?"
] | 1B
|
natural science
|
scienceqa
|
Jim found birds living among
|
[
"gravel",
"space",
"cactus",
"ocean floor"
] | 2C
|
high_school_biology
|
mmlu_labeled
|
A group of students are studying bean plants. All of the following traits are affected by changes in the environment except
|
[
"leaf color.",
"seed type.",
"bean production.",
"plant height."
] | 1B
|
natural_science
|
ai2_arc_challenge
|
Why do plants grow in some places and not in others? Why does some land have so much growing on it, while other land has almost no plants growing on it at all? To grow, plants need several things. One is warmth. In very cold places almost nothing grows. Plants also need water. In very dry parts of the Earth only a few unusual plants can grow. That's why dry deserts everywhere are almost not covered by trees or grass. Plants must also have a place in which to put down their roots and grow. They find it difficult to grow on hard land. The town is built on hard land. The plants here have only the soil found between the _ cracks of the stones to grow in. Another thing plants must have before they can grow is food. What will happen if we try to make things grow on the sandy beach? A few plants, such as beach grass, will grow in sand, but most plants won't. Even if the weather is warm enough and we water the plants each day, many of them will die because the sand on this beach has almost no food for plants. The passage can most probably be found in a_book.
|
[
"science",
"history",
"travel",
"math"
] | 0A
|
college_biology
|
mmlu_labeled
|
In order to make students become more interested in English studies,21 elementary schools in southeastern Korea have started to use robot teachers. The robot teacher is called Engkey. She was developed by the Korea Institute of Science and Technology. She is about one meter high and is white,egg-shaped. She takes a display panel as her face. She can move around the classroom while she speaks to students. She can also read books to students and dance to music by moving her head and arms. Now,21 robot teachers have been used to teach English. They are controlled by English teachers in the Philippines. There is a camera in each of the robot teachers. With the help of the cameras,English teachers in the Philippines can see and hear the students. At the same time,the facial expressions of these English teachers. This is very interesting. Besides helping students to become more interested in English,the robot teachers can also help children in poor areas without English teachers. Robot teachers have many good points. For example,they needn't have a rest because they don't get ill. Why have schools in southeastern Korea stared to use robot teachers?
|
[
"Because Korea is rich.",
"Because Korea wants to make students become more interested in English studies.",
"Because robot teachers are more beautiful than the real teachers.",
"Because Korea Institute of Science and Technology wants students to use them."
] | 1B
|
college_computer_science
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Environmental health is defined as the control of the factors in the environment that may have harmful effects on people's physical, mental, or social well-being . Because natural disasters expose people to danger by bringing up or threatening their immediate environment, effective management of environmental health after a natural disaster is of great importance. The environmental health measures that must be considered after a natural disaster include the supply of appropriate shelter for individuals or groups of people left homeless, the distribution of safe and accessible water, and the protection and distribution of safe food products and so on. To effectively manage environmental health during and after a disaster, it is important that a state of preparation is in effect before the event actually occurs. During an emergency, success largely depends on making good, rapid judgment and appropriate response measures. High-level decision makers, therefore, must be familiar with sound measures beforehand and should be given an accurate judgment of the disaster's specific effects as quickly as possible. This book is intended to serve as a guide for those who may be called upon to make emergency decisions after disaster strikes. The recommended environmental health measures have been listed in the order of priority in which they should be taken during an emergency. However, each natural disaster is unique in the degree or type of emergency. In response to any given disaster, decision makers may find it necessary to change the priority assigned to any particular measure. In order to effectively cope with the emergency, the most important is that _ .
|
[
"we should have enough shelters and tools",
"everyone should be familiar with the situation",
"we should be well prepared for it in advance",
"we can deal with it just as we did before"
] | 2C
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Metal atoms will most likely form ions by the
|
[
"loss of electrons.",
"loss of protons.",
"gain of electrons.",
"gain of protons."
] | 0A
|
high_school_chemistry
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Imagine you are in a jumping contest. Animals and insects can also enter this contest. But they might just leave humans in the dust! The first event is the long jump. The human athlete is Mike Powell. In 1991, he jumped nearly 30 feet, which is the world record for the long jump. That is about five times his own height. His competitor in the long-jump contest is a frog named "Rosie the Ribbiter." Rosie set the world record for frogs in 1986 by jumping more than 21 feet. Her record has never been broken by any other frog. Compared to Mike Powell, Rosie's jump is not that amazing. But wait! Rosie is only about 10 inches long when her legs are stretched to their full length. She can jump more than 25 times her size. Rosie, the frog, wins the long-jump event. The next event is the high jump. Javier Sotomayor, the world record holder, can jump a bar 8 feet high. That is about as high as the ceiling in most homes. Looking around for someone to challenge his record, Javier might need a magnifying glass . The next _ is a tiny insect called the spittlebug . The spittlebug can jump 28 inches into the air. It is only a quarter-inch long, less than the width of a pencil. If the spittlebug were the same size as Javier, it would be able to jump 600 feet into the air. That is like a human jumping over a building 55 stories high! Though the humans lose the "jumping contest," their competitors would probably agree that Mike and Javier are still pretty excellent athletes. If only Rosie and the spittlebug could speak! What can we learn about the spittlebug?
|
[
"It likes living on the ceiling.",
"It is good at flying in the air.",
"It is the same length as a pencil.",
"It has a wonderful jumping talent."
] | 3D
|
college_biology
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Which event occurs every day?
|
[
"seasons changing",
"Sun rising and setting",
"Moon waxing and waning",
"Moon revolving around the Sun"
] | 1B
|
natural_science
|
ai2_arc_challenge
|
Divorce is bad for environment US researchers raised a new theory on Monday: divorce is bad for the environment. The global trend toward higher divorce rates has created more households with fewet People,scientists at Michigan State University reported in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. More households means more houses,fuel and water are Heeded for them,the researchers wrote."Globally,the number of households is increasing much faster than the number of people,"said co-author "Jack" Liu in a telephone interview. "Even in regions with declining population, we see _ increase in the number of households. Divorce is the main reason for reducing the number of people in a household," he said. The average divorced person's household is about 40 to 50 percent smaller than the average married person's household, Liu said. But whether there are three or six people in a house ,the amount of fuel needed to heat them is about the same. In the prefix = st1 /United States, divorced households used 73 billion kilowatt--hours of electricity and 2.850 trillion litres of water in 2005 that could have been saved if households had stayed the same size as when they were married. I the United Statesand 11 other countries between 1998 and 2002, if divorced households had combined to have the same average household size as married households, there could have been 7.4 million fewer households. The number of divorced households in those countries ranged from 40,000 in Costa Ricato almost 16 million in theUnited Statesaround 2000. The number of rooms per person in divorced households was 33 percent to 95 percent greater than in married households. "If you really want to get divorced, maybe you can remarry with somebody else, or live together with somebody else you like", Liu said. How much electricity would have been saved without so many people to get divorced?
|
[
"7.4 million kilowatt-hours",
"16 million kilowatt-hours",
"73 billion kilowatt-hours",
"about 30 billion kilowatt-hours"
] | 2C
|
human_sexuality
|
mmlu_labeled
|
She was a poor girl who worked to get money to pay for her lessons. She became the famous woman scientist of her time. That's the story of Marie Curie's life. She didn't mind working and she didn't care about the honors that were given to her in later years. Marie was born in 1867. Her name was Marie Sklosovska then. She lived in Poland. Her father was a teacher. Everyone soon saw that Marie had a quick mind. Marie's mother died when her youngest daughter was only ten. From then on, Marie knew that she would have to work hard at her lessons if she wanted to be successful in her life. She studied very hard and was one of the best students at her school. Marie and her older sister, Bronya, wanted to study in France at the Sorbonne. But their father didn't have enough money to send them there. It was Marie who had an idea: she would teach at home and send her money to Bronya. After her sister finished studying in Paris, she would get work and send Marie the money to study there herself. So Marie worked very hard for six years to pay for her sister's studies. At last it was Marie's turn but when she got to France, her sister was married and could not give her much help. Again Marie worked. She studied in a small room without heat or light. She lived on bread and tea most of the time. But all she thought of was her maths and science. This was her world. After four years' hard work, Marie and her husband found something which was called radium . They were given the Nobel Prize for their great discovery . But they were too ill to go Stockholm themselves to receive it. Marie always said that it was because of her children that she want her work. And she discovered a hidden power and gave it to the world. It was the same power, however, that killed Marie in 1934. The greatness of Marie's life in fact is that _ .
|
[
"She received two Nobel Prizes",
"She was the first woman to work at the Sorbonne",
"She helped her sister finish school.",
"She worked hard without taking care of the fame and honors she received"
] | 3D
|
college_biology
|
mmlu_labeled
|
How long is a sofa?
|
[
"3 millimeters",
"3 centimeters",
"3 kilometers",
"3 meters"
] | 3D
|
natural science
|
scienceqa
|
Some of my friends are making big decisions in their life: Which universities should they apply to? I also notice that many high school students in China are thinking of studying at universities abroad. Unluckily, from what I've seen, the information given by some websites and other media about studying abroad is very limited and sometimes even wrong. There was once a Chinese girl who hoped that she could go to Columbia University in the US because she wanted to major in journalism. However, they have no journalism program at the undergraduate level! What's more, in both Canada and the US, it's not suggested that students throw themselves into journalism right after high school. School say that students should take in more knowledge about the world and writing before entering that field. The University of Waterloo, a Canadian university famous for its engineering program, is another example. The emphasis of engineering in this school may go beyond your expectations. According to our teachers, this university spent millions of dollars building a library just for engineering students. The school's computer science, mathematics and accounting are also great programs for students. But, to be honest, according to my friends who have visited this university, the campus and the food are not very nice. Maybe this is because the school stresses its academic( )strengths too much, thereby paying little attention to personal comforts. Now you see, choosing a university is really not that easy. We need to do good research and consult as many people as possible before making a decision. Who can major in journalism program in Columbia University?
|
[
"Chinese girls.",
"Graduates.",
"Undergraduates.",
"High school students."
] | 1B
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
A cup of hot tea next to a glass of iced tea will make which become colder?
|
[
"cup of noodles",
"the hot tea",
"the iced tea",
"tee in alphabet"
] | 1B
|
college_physics
|
mmlu_labeled
|
You're sitting on the train home and the person opposite you yawns . Suddenly, you're yawning with him, though you're not tired. This phenomenon confused scientists for years until a recent study found that people tend to sympathize with fellow humans. Supporting this claim was the discovery that those children who were unable to form normal emotional ties with others did not experience contagious yawning, which showed that humans communicate regularly with out words. Hugo Critchley, a neuroscientist, has conducted an experiment recently, which will prove that happiness and sadness can spread like the common cold. According to Critechley, our mind and body are in constant exchange about how we're feeling. "Emotions are closely linked with states of internal responses," he explained. " There are also more visible changes in our gestures and facial expression. When we're in a group, these signals can spread to another person. For example, there's the obvious tendency to smile when smiled at and there are less obvious changes that reflect emotions of surprise, anger or sadness such as a change in our heart rate and blood pressure. Hugo Critchley further explained, "Our bodies synchronies and when we like the other person, we ever copy his behavior. Next time you chat with a friend, take note of how you're sitting-- it's pretty likely that you will be the same. Scientists believe it's our way of telling each other that we're partners. Through body language, humans give each other very subtle but clear signals that show emotions." So, what lessons can we learn from this? " Spend time with happy people-- otherwise your health could suffer," said Critchley." When we're sad, our body goes into fight or flight mode. But when we're happy, our body works normally and we feel relaxed and positive. So we look bright, our skin glows, we feel healthy and it affects everyone around us." From the passage we can learn _ .
|
[
"sadness is as contagious as happiness",
"anger is less contagious than friendliness",
"surprise is more contagious than smile",
"surprise is the most contagious among emotions"
] | 1B
|
human_sexuality
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Targeting teens Using the Web makes teens a target. Posting too much personal information for those millions of cyber eyes to see can cause some big problems and can even invite a threat to your life. As Mary learned, not everyone on the Internet is who he or she says they are. Adults will sometimes pose as other teens, posting fake photos and nice messages to gain trust. They use their fake identity to access the personal information of others, such as home address, phone number, or school name. "That's not the most common scenario ", says David Finkelhor, a sociology professor at the University of New Hampshire. "Only 3 percent of teens aged 10 to 18 who use the Internet report being asked to meet offline. But the danger is real. Safety measures Mary's My Space profile is set to "private", which means that only the people she adds under the "friend" category can access her page. She also doesn't have any pictures of herself on her site. The only self-identifying material she has posted is her name, grade, and a list of hobbies. "People can only add me if they know my last name or my e-mail, "Mary says. " I don't want random people to see my profile. I just go online to talk to my friends." Stay safe and have fun online Experts say almost 90 percent of U.S. teens are online. But not everyone knows how to surf the Web in a smart way. With these tips, you can have fun, stay safe, and avoid embarrassment! Pick a safe password. Make sure your password is something that other people won't be able to guess. Use numbers in between letters. "spar123ky" is better than "sparky 123." Pick a safe username. Make sure yours doesn't say too much about you, "Happygirl13" is better than "AliceWaters13." Don't include your name, age, or where you are from. Never tell a stranger your name, school, address, age, birthday, phone number, or friends' names. One of the safety measures mentioned in the passage is that _ .
|
[
"one should not chat with strangers",
"one should not post his or her photos online",
"one should tell his parents about strange information",
"one should keep his web as a secret"
] | 1B
|
computer_security
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Select the part whose main job is to sort and package proteins and other substances in a plant cell.
|
[
"nucleus",
"cell wall",
"mitochondria",
"Golgi"
] | 3D
|
natural science
|
scienceqa
|
Is the following trait inherited or acquired?
Melissa plays basketball.
|
[
"acquired",
"inherited"
] | 0A
|
natural science
|
scienceqa
|
Recently, a small group of birdwatchers spent three weeks around Mount Vernon. They were busy counting wild birds on Mount Vernon's wetlands, south of Washington, D.C. They began in the middle of December and worked until the beginning of January, 2015. The birdwatchers were among 70,000 volunteers who collected information for the National Audubon Society, a U.S. conservation group. They counted birds in more than 2,400 areas in the United States, Canada, the Caribbean Sea and other parts of the Americas. The Audubon Society's first "Christmas Bird Count" took place 115 years ago in 1900. At that time, a man named Frank Chapman suggested a new Christmas tradition that people count birds instead of shooting them around the holiday. Harry Glasgow has taken part in the Christmas Bird Count for the past 10 years. This year, he was one of the volunteer birdwatchers at Mount Vernon. "I think it's a tremendous use of a lot of unofficial talent around the nation to keep track of birds. Birds are one of the surest indicators of the health of ecology." Last year, the bird count recorded over 66 million birds of 2,403 different species. Gary Langham is chief scientist with the National Audubon Society. "The Audubon climate report says that half the birds in North America -- 314 out of 588 species -- are seriously threatened by climate change. The impacts sort of cut across all birds, all sizes, all kinds, all places." Information from the bird counts has shown that birds are staying farther north during the winter months because of warmer weather. Birdwatcher Jaime Reidy has noted the difference close to Washington, in the state of Virginia. "You get to see them at odd times of the year, a little earlier, staying a little later." Gary Langham says other conditions are affecting bird populations. "You can imagine the birds that live along the beach or along the rocky shore line as sea levels are rising around the world. That is impacting them, you know." David Yarnold is president of the Audubon Society. In his words, "Christmas Bird Count data is becoming important not only in documenting current climate change, but in predicting the future effects of climate change on North American bird populations. If we know what to expect, we can start taking actions now to do something about it." For what reason did the birdwatchers count wild birds around Mount Vernon?
|
[
"To find out what affects birds' migration and populations.",
"To collect information for the new Christmas tradition.",
"To compare the birds in Washington with those in other places.",
"To raise people's awareness of protecting wild birds."
] | 0A
|
college_biology
|
mmlu_labeled
|
What is the temperature of a pot of boiling soup?
|
[
"215°C",
"215°F"
] | 1B
|
natural science
|
scienceqa
|
What do these two changes have in common?
melting wax
your breath becoming visible on a cold day
|
[
"Both are caused by heating.",
"Both are caused by cooling.",
"Both are only physical changes.",
"Both are chemical changes."
] | 2C
|
natural science
|
scienceqa
|
Our risk of cancer rises dramatically as we age. So it makes sense that the elderly should be routinely screened for new tumors -- or doesn't it? While such vigilant tracking of cancer is a good thing in general, researchers are increasingly questioning whether all of this testing is necessary for the elderly. With the percentage of people over age 65 expected to nearly double by 2050, it's important to weigh the health benefits of screening against the risks and costs of routine testing. In many cases, screening can lead to additional biopsies and surgeries to remove cancer, which can cause side effects, while the cancers themselves may be slow-growing and may not pose serious health problems in patients' remaining years. But the message that everyone must screen for cancer has become so ingrained that when health care experts recommended that women under 50 and over 74 stop screening for breast cancer, it caused a riotous reaction among doctors, patients and advocacy groups. It's hard to uproot deeply held beliefs about cancer screening with scientific data. Certainly, there are people over age 75 who have had cancers detected by routine screening, and gained several extra years of life because of treatment. And clearly, people over age 75 who have other risk factors for cancer, such as a family history or prior personal experience with the disease, should continue to get screened regularly. But for the remainder, the risk of cancer, while increased at the end of life, must be balanced with other factors like remaining life expectancy . A recent study suggests that doctors start to make more objective decisions about who will truly benefit from screening- especially considering the explosion of the elderly that will soon swell our population. It's not an easy calculation to make, but one that make sense for the whole patient. Dr. Otis Brawley said, "Many doctors are ordering these tests purely to cover themselves. We need to think about the rational use of health care and stop talking about the rationing of health care." That means making some difficult decisions with elderly patients, and going against the misguided belief that when it comes to health care, more is always better. Why do many doctors prescribe routine screening for cancer?
|
[
"They want to protect themselves against medical disputes.",
"They want to take advantage of the medical care system.",
"They want data for medical research.",
"They want their patients to suffer less."
] | 0A
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Select the living thing.
|
[
"sea cucumber",
"candy",
"calculator",
"windmill"
] | 0A
|
natural science
|
scienceqa
|
Spending two or three hours playing outdoors each day can reduce the chance of becoming short-sighted, a research shows. It challenges the belief that short-sightedness is caused by computer use, watching TV or reading in weak light. The Australian government researchers believe that the sunlight is good for people's eyes. They compared the vision and habits of 100 seven-year-old children in Singapore and Australia. In all, 30% of the Singaporean children were short-sighted--this rate was ten times higher than Australian children. Both groups spend a similar amount of time reading, watching television and playing computer games. However the Singaporean children spent an average of only half an hour a day outdoors--90 minutes less than the Australian children. Professor Ian Morgan, from the Australian Research Council's vision Centre, said, "Humans are naturally long-sighted, but when people begin to go to school and spend little or no time outdoors, the number of short-sighted people gets larger. We're also seeing more and more short-sighted children in cities all around the world and the main reason may be that city children spend less time outdoors. Daylight can be hundreds of times brighter than indoor light. But why does playing outside prevent us from becoming short-sighted? Scientists believe that natural light has a special chemical which stops the eyeball from growing out of shape and prevents people from becoming short-sighted. So be outdoors. It doesn't matter if that time is spent having a picnic or having sports. Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?
|
[
"If people spend less time outdoors they will certainly become short-sighted.",
"There are fewer short-sighted Singaporean Children than Australian children because they have more knowledge of protecting their eyesight.",
"There will be fewer risks of getting short-sighted if people spend two or three hours a day playing outside.",
"When people begin to go to school they will become long-sighted."
] | 2C
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Q: My problem is computer gaming. I do it day and night, averaging four hours of sleep. I can't control of this, and I don't know where to go for help. Do you? --Player A: Dear Player, You have an addiction. For some people playing video games releases dopamine, a powerful brain chemical that makes you feel good. You'd toss your cigarettes if you were ready to quit, right? To kick the habit, get help from a health professional. And don't look for help on line; that would be like an alcoholic going to the bar for advice. Q: My brother's wife just had triplets . This is such a joy! Yet every time I share the news with co-workers, they ask me if she was on fertility pills. I think this is rude--or has society just become so talk-show numbed that you can ask anyone anything? --No Show Host A: Dear Host, Yes. Our society has become increasingly disrespectful of privacy. But don't blame it all on the talk-shows. Continue to celebrate and greet impolite questions with stony silence. Their fertility history is nobody's business but their own. Q: I work at an amusement park, and my manager steals supplies. She has a catering business on the side, and we've seen her load up her van at the back gates. The big bosses think she is the best thing since buttered bread, and we're all afraid that if we say anything, we'll lose our jobs. What can we do? --Righteous A: Dear Righteous, Be sure you're right. You must have evidence about what and why things are going out the back gates. Once you know for certain, it's time to go to the bosses and report what you have seen. Q: My stepson's wife sometimes leaves their eight-year-old home alone for "a short run to the store." That may be an hour or so. I believe by law we should report it. What do you think? --The In-laws A: Dear Laws, I don't know what the child-protection laws in your state are, but I do know that children need care and attention. This child may be able and unafraid, but kids aren't always careful. It also sounds like there is stress in your family relationship. One thing you can do to help this situation is offer to baby-sit when Mom needs to step out. Which of the following statements is true?
|
[
"Dopamine is a powerful brain chemical good to our health.",
"Looking for help on line is like getting help from a health professional.",
"Player is a video game addict who smokes and sleeps few hours.",
"Player is advised to stay clear of the screen."
] | 3D
|
human_sexuality
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Using only these supplies, which question can Tiana investigate with an experiment?
|
[
"Does milk chocolate melt faster when heated in a microwave or on a stove?",
"Does milk chocolate or dark chocolate melt faster when heated on the stove?",
"Does dark chocolate or white chocolate melt faster when heated on the stove?"
] | 1B
|
natural science
|
scienceqa
|
Can we make animals work for us? Some scientists think that one day we can teach animals to do a lot of things for people. They say that in a film or on TV you may see elephants, monkeys, dogs or some other animals doing a lot of things. If you watch carefully, you may find those animals are always given a little food to eat after they have done something. Scientists say that people can teach many different animals to do some easy work if they know they will get something to eat. We all know elephants can carry large logs and dogs can look after houses. And we can even teach animals to work in factories. In America, for example, people use apes to help make cars. Scientists think that those big monkeys may, one day, drive trains. Now people are trying to let them do something just like man. We can use dogs to _ .
|
[
"drive trains",
"help make cars",
"keep the houses safe",
"carry logs"
] | 2C
|
college_biology
|
mmlu_labeled
|
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