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5
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The Royal Commission on Environmental Pollution has just published a report on new materials and has looked at the case of nanotechnology , which describes the science of the very small. Nanotechnology covers those man-made materials or objects that are about a thousand times smaller than the microtechnology we use, such as the silicon chips of computers. Nanotechnology gets its name from the nanometer, which is a billionth of a meter. There are about 600 consumer products already on the market that use nanotechnology. Nanomedicine is also being developed to fight cancer and other fatal diseases. The Royal Commission found no evidence of harm to health or the environment from nanomaterials, but this "absence of evidence" is not being taken as "evidence of absence". In other words, just because there are no apparent problems, this is not to say that here is no risk now or in the future. The commission is concerned about the pace at which we are inventing and adopting new nanomaterials, which could result in future problems that we are ill-equipped to understand or even find with current testing methods. One of the problems about nanotechnology is that when we make something very small out of a well known material, we may actually change the functionality of that material even if the chemical composition remains the same. Indeed, it is not the particle size that should concern us, but its functionality. Take gold, for example, which is a famously inert substance, and valuable because of it. It doesn't rust or corrode because it doesn't interact with water or oxygen. However, a particle of gold that is between 2 and 5 nanometers in diameter becomes highly reactive. This is not due to a change in chemical composition, but because of a change in the physical size of the gold particles. How can a change in size result in a change of function? One reason is to do with surface area. Nanoparticles have relatively a much bigger surface area. It is like comparing the surface area of a basketball with the total surface area of many pea-sized balls with the same weight of the single basketball. The pea-sized balls have a surface area many hundreds, indeed thousands of times bigger than the basketball, and this allows them to interact more easily with the environment. It is this increased interactivity that changes their functionality--and makes them potentially more dangerous to health or the environment. Which process explains that there might be risks in nanotechnology?
|
[
"expand surface area -increase interactivity - change functionality-cause possible dangers",
"expand surface area - change functionality - increase interactivity -cause possible dangers",
"increase interactivity - expand surface area - change functionality-cause possible dangers",
"increase interactivity - change functionality - expand surface area-cause possible dangers"
] | 0A
|
college_chemistry
|
mmlu_labeled
|
The market is a concept. If you are growing tomatoes in your backyard for sale you are producing for the market. You might sell some to your neighbor and some to the local manager of the supermarket. But in either case, you are producing for the market. Your efforts are being directed by the market. If people stop buying tomatoes, you will stop producing them. If you take care of a sick person to earn money, you are producing for the market. If your father is a steel worker or a truck driver or a doctor or a grocer, he is producing goods or service for the market. When you spend your income, you are buying things from the market. You may spend money in stores, supermarkets, gas stations and restaurants. Still you are buying from the market. When the local grocer hires you to drive the delivery truck, he is buying your labor in the labor market. The market may be something abstract . But for each person or business that is making and selling something, it is very _ . If nobody buys your tomatoes, it won't be long before you get the message. The market is telling you something. It is telling you that you are using energies and resources in doing something the market doesn't want you to do. Which of the following would be the best title of the passage?
|
[
"Selling and Buying.",
"Everything you do is producing for the market.",
"What is the market?",
"What the market can do for you."
] | 2C
|
high_school_microeconomics
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Data in tables may also be presented in graphs. Which type of data would best be displayed on a circle graph?
|
[
"the distance of the planets from the sun",
"the depths of the major oceans on Earth",
"the amount of rainfall each day for a month",
"the percent of various materials in solid waste"
] | 3D
|
high_school_statistics
|
mmlu_labeled
|
What is the volume of a bowl of soup?
|
[
"285 liters",
"285 milliliters"
] | 1B
|
natural science
|
scienceqa
|
Investigations were performed to test several methods of keeping petals from falling off flowers that had been cut. Which is the most likely reason for this investigation?
|
[
"to test a hypothesis",
"to form a theory",
"to produce a scientific paper",
"to change previous results"
] | 0A
|
college_biology
|
mmlu_labeled
|
During the past Spring Festival, many children may have received red packets from their families. But Xing Pu, a 40-year-old economist, is asking the government to give red packets to every Chinese citizen. Xing suggested the government give out 1,000 Yuan to each Chinese since the government income has increased rapidly in recent years. He said his suggestion would allow everyone to directly enjoy the fruits of the country's economic success, help the lower-income groups deal with rising prices and increase consumption around the country. Recent years have seen the government carry out a series of pro-poor and pro-rural policies, including increasing spending on public healthcare and calling off the agricultural tax. But the lower-income group still needs more help while being hit hard by an 11-year high in prices and recent snowstorms. Xing said while making the draft, he has borrowed many ideas from practices in countries like the United States and Singapore. Earlier this year, the governments of the two nations offered cash handouts to their citizens as the result of a surplus in government income. As for in China, "We can even encourage the rich to donate their 1,000 Yuan red packet to the poor," said Xing. Although Xing's suggestion has gained wide support among ordinary Chinese on the Internet, many other economists criticized it as unpractical. Even Xing himself admitted he made the suggestion without any careful calculation. But they agreed with Xing's point that the growing economic pie should be shared among the people. "To better use the increase of money, handing out money is not a solution that holds good for all time. It could be better to improve the public service or cut the price of energy use in daily life," said Qiao Xinsheng, an economic professor. According to some experts, what is better than giving out money?
|
[
"Supplying food to everyone every day.",
"Cutting the price of energy use in daily life.",
"Controlling the rising of prices.",
"Increasing the government income."
] | 1B
|
high_school_macroeconomics
|
mmlu_labeled
|
What is the mass of a passenger airplane?
|
[
"41 tons",
"41 pounds",
"41 ounces"
] | 0A
|
natural science
|
scienceqa
|
I was in a rush as always, but this time it was for an important date I just couldn't be late for! I found myself at a checkout counter behind an elderly woman seemingly in no hurry as she paid for her groceries. A PhD student with not a lot of money, I had hurried into the store to pick up some flowers. I was in a huge rush, thinking of my upcoming evening. I did not want to be late for this date. We were in Boston, a place not always known for small conversation between strangers. The woman stopped unloading her basket and looked up at me. She smiled. It was a nice smile -warm and reassuring -and I returned _ by smiling back. "Must be a special lady, whoever it is that will be getting those beautiful flowers," she said. "Yes, she's special," I said, and then to my embarrassment, the words kept coming out. "It's only our second date, but somehow I am just having the feeling she's 'the one'." Jokingly, I added, "The only problem is that I can't figure out why she'd want to date a guy like me." "Well, I think she's very lucky to have a boyfriend who brings her such lovely flowers and who is obviously in love with her," the woman said." "My husband used to bring me flowers every week -even when times were tough and we didn't have much money. Those were incredible days; he was very romantic and - of course - I miss him since he's passed away." I paid for my flowers as she was gathering up her groceries. There was no doubt in my mind as I walked up to her. I touched her on the shoulder and said, "You were right, you know. These flowers are indeed for a very special lady." I handed her the flowers and thanked her for such a nice conversation. It took her a moment to realize that I was giving her the flowers I had just purchased. "You have a wonderful evening," I said. I left her with a big smile and my heart warmed as I saw her smelling the beautiful flowers. I remember being slightly late for my date that night and telling my girlfriend the above story. A couple of years later, when I finally worked up the courage to ask her to marry me, she told me that this story had helped to seal it for her -that was the night that I won her heart. Why did the writer give his flowers to the elderly lady?
|
[
"She told him a nice story.",
"She gave him encouragement.",
"She allowed him to pay first.",
"She liked flowers very much."
] | 1B
|
human_sexuality
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Speeding off in a stolen car, the thief thinks he has got a great catch.But he is in for an unwelcome surprise.The car is fitted with a remote immobilizer, and a radio signal from a control centre miles away will ensure that once the thief switches the engine off, he will not be able to start it again. The idea goes like this.A control box fitted to the car contains a mini-cellphone, a micro-processor and memory, and a GPS satellite positioning receiver.If the car is stolen, a coded cellphone signal will tell the control centre to block the vehicle's engine management system and prevent the engine being restarted. In the UK, a set of technical fixes is already making life harder for car thieves." ," says Martyn Randall, a security expert.He says it would only take him a few minutes to teach a person how to steal a car, using a bare minimum of tools.But only if the car is more than 10 years old. Modern cars are far tougher to steal, as their engine management computer won't allow them to start unless they receive a unique ID code sent out by the ignition key.In the UK, technologies like this have helped achieve a 31% drop in vehicle-related crime since 1997. But determined criminals are still managing to find other ways to steal cars, often by getting hold of the owner's keys.And key theft is responsible for 40% of the thefts of vehicles fitted with a tracking system. If the car travels 100 metres without the driver confirming their ID, the system will send a signal to an operations centre that it has been stolen.The hundred metres minimum avoids false alarms due to inaccuracies in the GPS signal. Staff at the centre will then contact the owner to confirm that the car really is missing, and keep police informed of the vehicle's movements via the car's GPS unit. By saying "The pattern of vehicle crime has changed", Martyn Randall suggests that _ .
|
[
"it takes a longer time for the car thief to do the stealing",
"self-prepared tools are no longer enough for car theft[:&&]",
"the thief has to make use of computer technology",
"the thief has lost interest in stealing cars over 10 years old"
] | 1B
|
computer_security
|
mmlu_labeled
|
If the residuals from a regression estimated using a small sample of data are not normally distributed, which one of the following consequences may arise?
|
[
"The coefficient estimates will be unbiased but inconsistent",
"The coefficient estimates will be biased but consistent",
"The coefficient estimates will be biased and inconsistent",
"Test statistics concerning the parameters will not follow their assumed distributions."
] | 3D
|
econometrics
|
mmlu
|
The passages below discuss the retirement age. Passage 1: In the United States,the financial crisis has left the country with 11 million fewer jobs than Americans need now.No matter how tough the policy ,we are not going to find 11 million new jobs soon.So common sense suggests we should make some decisions about who should come first:older people,who have already worked three or four decades at hard jobs? Or younger people,many just out of school,with fresh skills and ambitions? The answer is obvious.Older people who would like to retire and would do so if they could afford it should get some help.The right step is to reduce,not increase,the retirement age.As a rough cut,why not make it a law to set a three--year window during which the age for receiving full Social Security benefits would drop to 62----providing a voluntary ,one--time,grab-it-now bonus for leaving work? Let them go home! With a secure pension and medical care,they will be happier.Young people who need work will be happier.And there will also be more jobs.With pension security, older people will consume services until the end of their lives.They will become.each and every one,an employer. Passage 2: Too many people see longer working lives as a worry rather than an opportunity--and not just because they are going to be chained to their desks.Some worry that there will not be enough jobs to go around.This misunderstanding,known to economists as the"lump of labour fallacy ",was once used to argue that women should stay at home and leave all the jobs for breadwinning males.Now lump-of-labourites say that keeping the old at work would deprive the young of employment.The idea that society can become better-off by paying more of its citizens to be idle is clearly ridiculous.On that reasoning,if the retirement age came down to 25 we would all be as rich as Bill Gates. In Passage I,the writer suggests encouraging older people to retire earlier by _ .
|
[
"cutting their pension if they remain at work",
"giving them an extra sum o f money on retiring",
"convincing them that young people need work",
"offering them a bonus each year for three years"
] | 1B
|
high_school_macroeconomics
|
mmlu_labeled
|
It's 10:30 pm, and 11-year-old Brandon Blanco is sound asleep at home. Suddenly, a loud noise wakes him up. Naturally, Brandon reaches for his cell phone. The message becomes clear: "R U awake?" Brandon' s use of technology doesn' t stop there. He also has a computer, a TV and three video-game consoles ( ) in his room. With so many choices, it' s no surprise that when he isn' t at school, he spends nearly every waking minute using one or more of these devices Brandon is hardly alone. According to a recent study by the Kaiser Family Foundation, kids aged 8 to18 are spending more time than ever before using electronic devices. How much time? More than seven and a half hours a day on average, the study found. The jump is the result of a huge explosion in mobile devices, says Victoria Rideout, the lead author of the study. Today, nearly seven out of ten kids have cell phones. Just five years ago, it was four out of ten. Often, kids multitask, or use more than one device at a time. " If you've got a chance to do something on your computer and take a phone call and have the TV on in the background, why not?" media expert Cheryl Olson says. Most experts agree technology has much to offer kids. But some worry the kids could be missing out on other activities like playing outside or hanging out with friends. " It' s a matter of balance," says Olson." You've got to work on it. " Multitasking while doing homework is another concern. Some kids listen to music, watch TV or use the phone while doing their homework. "It' s important to make sure that you can stop and concentrate on one thing deeply, " says Rideout. With new and exciting devices hitting stores every year, keeping technology use in check is more important than ever. " Kids should try," adds Rideout. " But parents might have to step in sometimes. " It is known from the passage that _ .
|
[
"Brandon Blanco feels very annoyed about his late-night text",
"the teenagers using mobile devices have increased by 30% in the past five years",
"Cheryl Olson is not surprised about kids' increasing use of mobile devices",
"most experts think teenagers should not use electronic devices for their studies"
] | 2C
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Why do men die earlier than women? The latest research shows that the reason could be that men's hearts go into rapid decline when they reach middle age. The largest study of the effects of aging on the heart has found that women's longevity may be linked to the fact that their hearts do not lose their pumping power with age. "We have found that the power of the male heart falls by 20-25 percent between 18 and 70 years of age," "Within the heart there are millions of cells that enable it to beat. Between the ages of 20 and 70 , one-third of those cells die and are not replaced in men," . What surprises scientists is that the female heart sees very little loss of these cells. "This gender difference might just explain why women live longer than men," said Goldspink. The team has yet to find why aging takes a greater toll on the male heart, said Goldspink.. The good news is that men can improve the health of their heart with regular exercise. If you want to live longer, you should _ .
|
[
"enable your heart to beat much faster",
"find out the reason for aging",
"exercise regularly",
"prevent your cells from being lost"
] | 2C
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Carnivores' only source of what comes from other animals
|
[
"flying",
"money",
"restaurants",
"sustenance"
] | 3D
|
nutrition
|
mmlu_labeled
|
A student is working on a science project display for the school science fair. To best communicate why her conclusions are valid, what should be included on the display?
|
[
"a list of authoritative sources that supports her conclusion",
"instructions for viewers to repeat her procedures",
"clearly illustrated diagrams of the scientific principles involved",
"a complete write-up of her experimental method and data collected"
] | 3D
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
When prehistoric animals died and their soft parts decayed, which product was formed?
|
[
"oil",
"sand",
"coal",
"shale"
] | 0A
|
college_biology
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Cows that are named and treated with a "more personal touch" can increase milk production by up to 500 pints a year. The study, by the university's School of Agriculture, Food and Rural Development, involved 516 farmers across the UK. The study found farmers who named their cows got a 54% higher production than those that did not give their cows names. Dairy farmer Dennis Gibb said he believed treating every cow as an individual was very important. "They aren't just our means of making money. They're part of the family," he said. "We love our cows here and every one of them has a name. All of us regard them as 'our ladies' but we know every one of them and each one has her own personality." Dr Catherine Douglas said, "What our study shows is what many good, caring farmers have long since believed. Our data suggests that UK dairy farmers regard their cows as intelligent beings . They are able to experience a range of emotions ." "Placing more importance on knowing the individual animals and calling them by name can, at no extra cost to the farmer, also increase milk production." ,. What does the farmer Gibb regard his cows as?
|
[
"Their parents.",
"Members of their family.",
"Their friends.",
"Clever animals."
] | 1B
|
nutrition
|
mmlu_labeled
|
The shocking collapse of one of the West Coast's biggest wild salmon runs has prompted even cash-trapped fishermen to call for an unprecedented shutdown of salmon fishing off the coasts of California and Oregon. The Sacramento River salmon run is usually one of the most productive on the Pacific Coast,providing the bulk of the salmon caught by sport and commercial trollers off California and Oregon. But only about 90,000 adult salmon returned to the Central Valley last fall--the second lowest number on record and well below the number needed to maintain a healthy fishery.That number is projected to fall to a record low of58.000 this year. The council,which regulates Pacific Coast fisheries,will choose between three management options:a total ban on salmon fishing off the coast of California and Oregon;extremely limited fishing in select areas;or catch-and-release fishing for scientific research. For consumers,it will be hard to find any Chinook,also known as king salmon.which are prized by trollers,seafood critics and upscale restaurants.There should still be abundant supplies of farm-raised salmon.but prices could be higher. Biologists and others are trying to figure out what caused the salmon collapse so they can make sure California's Chinook populations rebound. There are many potential factors,because wild salmon are born in streams and rivers, migrate to the ocean when they're juveniles and spend two to four years there before returning to spawn in the areas where they were born.In between they have to navigate the often dangerous waters of the Sacramento Delta and San Francisco Bay. The council has asked state and federal scientists to research possible causes, including water diversions,habitat destruction,dam operations,agricultural pollution,and ocean conditions.Many scientists point out that unusual weather patterns disrupted the marine food chain along the Pacific Coast in 2005,when thousands of seabirds washed up dead or starving because they couldn't find enough to eat. Researchers believe those poor ocean conditions also devastated the juvenile salmon that would have returned to the Central Valley last year.Young Chinook couldn't find the tiny shrimp and fish they depend onto survive. The possible causes of the salmon decrease mentioned do NOT include _ .
|
[
"abnormal weather patterns broke me marine food chain along the Pacific Coast",
"bad ocean condition prevented the salmon from returning to their birthplace",
"many salmons are eaten in the ocean before they are capable of returning",
"the dam operation may change the salmons'living environment in the river"
] | 2C
|
nutrition
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Can you imagine a world without the Internet?It's surprising to think about it Now,China has more than 162 million Internet users,according to the China Internet Network Information Center. This is the second highest number of user in the world after the United States. Today,66% of Chinese "netizens "are teenagers. "They spend about thirteen hours every week online,"said Qian Hulin,an Internet expert . Doctor Song in Beijing Xuanwu Hospital said about 14% of Chinese netizens who are teens often lasted over ten hours to play online games. The main reasons why teenagers surf the Web are to search for information,to communicate with others and to have fun. On the Internet,teenagers can find out almost everything. And surfing the Web can help students with their homework and widen their knowledge. Li Dong,a teacher at No. 41 Middle School in Shijiazhuang,likes her students to use the Internet. "When we talk in class,students who surf the Net usually know more background information than the others,"she said. In addition,people can use the Internet to write letters or stories and send emails. Many teens keep in touch with their friends online. It is cheaper than phoning somebody far away and also much quicker. ,,. (1,5) There are about _ Chinese netizens to surf about 13 hours every week.
|
[
"107 million old",
"22.7 million old",
"107 million young",
"22.7 million young"
] | 2C
|
computer_security
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Are you single or married? Are you a cat or a dog owner? Do you exercise, or are you a "couch potato" (a person who sits on the sofa all day watching TV, eating and basically doing nothing)? These questions and many others are about your lifestyle. People in the United States feel that they can choose their lifestyles and even shape their own identities. The great variety of lifestyles leads to constant national discussion of choices that people make. This freedom of choice is fun and exciting, but it also creates stress and uncertainty. In newspapers, lifestyle issues are discussed in the features or style section. In The Chicago Tribune this section is called "Tempo". People turn to this section for lively discussion on lifestyle choices they face with regard to their personal identities, their families, and their social lives. Many American people believe that they can make their lives happy and satisfying despite their problems. If they lack confidence or tend to feel anxious, shy, angry, or depressed, they believe that they can change themselves. Self-help books, magazines, and feature articles are filled with advice from experts about steps to take to become a happier or more satisfied person and to improve one's self-respect. Part of this research for self-improvement is a belief that even one's own appearance can be controlled. This is why there are so many articles in the newspaper about looking young, wearing the latest fashions, and becoming physically fit. Lifestyle choices also involve moral and social issues. How should children be raised? How should people behave on a date? How should elderly people be treated? How can people stay happily married? All these kinds of issues are constantly discussed and are constantly changing. Not only are experts such as psychologists consulted, but stars from the political and entertainment worlds are held up as lifestyle leaders as well. In the newspaper, feature articles called profiles discuss in detail the personal lives or public work of movie stars, authors, artists, and exceptional individuals who are not stars. The lifestyle choices these people make contribute to the public discussion of all the issues that people think about. A well-known advertising slogan is "Just do it." In the culture of the United States, people believe that they can take action and become the kind of people they want to be and live the way they want to live. Which is the best title for the passage?
|
[
"Just Do It",
"Make Our Lives Happy",
"Lifestyles in the United States",
"Choosing the Way We Live"
] | 3D
|
human_sexuality
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Perfect grades, perfect bodies, perfect friends. Welcome to Generation Supergirl - the young women who are supposed to have everything. Unlike their grandmothers, they don't have to fight for their right to be heard. Unlike their mothers, they are confident they can have the career without sacrificing the home life. Record numbers of them are achieving top grades, heading to the best universities and on to great jobs. But are all these opportunities making them happy? According to a new book, Supergirls Speak Out: Inside the Secret Crisis of Over-Achieving Girls, the answer is no. As the book's 21-year-old author, Liz Funk, explains: Their search for perfection has turned them into stressed-out women who are at risk of eating disorders, depression and even suicide . So why have so many teenage girls come to the conclusion that anything short of perfection is failure? Stephen Hinshaw, professor of psychology at the University of California, Berkeley, believes that they are suffering from the weight of expectations: society's, their parents', and most crucially , their own. They are constantly bombarded by "perfect" celebrity(, ). Articles about how to have the perfect career and perfect life appear to be everywhere. So it is hardly surprising that increasing numbers of young women are unable to cope and are unsure of just who they are. "Many teenage girls have no intrinsic sense of their own worth," says Funk. "Instead, they see themselves in terms of how they look, how they are seen, what they've achieved." Teenage girls believe that they must be all things to all people. They must be good at "girl" stuff-cultivating relationships and being beautiful - as well as being good at "guy" stuff - competing aggressively both at college and in the workplace. According to Funk, teenage girls need to recognize that "you don't have to be successful at everything." "Young women should take time for themselves and think about what matters to them, or enjoy life for what it is," she said. What does Funk advise teenage girls to do?
|
[
"Enjoy the time when they are alone.",
"Learn to develop relationships.",
"Consider what really counts in life.",
"Be optimistic about their future."
] | 2C
|
human_sexuality
|
mmlu_labeled
|
For many years, I was convinced that my suffering was due to my size . I believed that when the weight disappeared, it would take old wounds , hurts and rejections with it . Many weight-conscious people also mistakenly believe that changing our bodies will fix everything. Perhaps our worst mistake is believing that being thin equals being loved , being special , and being cherished . We fantasize about what it will be like when we reach the long-awaited goal .We work very hard to realize this dream . Then , at last , we find ourselves there . But we often gain back what we have lost . Even so , we continue to believe that next time it will be different . Next time , we will keep it off . Next time , being thin will finally fulfill its promise of everlasting happiness , self-worth , and , of course , love . It took me a long while to realize that there was something more for me to learn about beauty . Beauty standards vary with culture . In Samoa a woman is not considered attractive unless she weighs more than 200 pounds . More importantly , if it's happiness that we want , why not put our energy there rather than on the size of our body ? Why not look inside ? Many of us strive hard to change our body , but in vain . We have to find a way to live comfortably inside our body and make friends with and cherish ourselves . When we change our attitudes toward ourselves , the whole world changes . According to the author , what is the common view of those who have lost some weight first and gained it back later ?
|
[
"They feel optimistic about future plans on weight control.",
"They are indifferent to the regained weight .",
"The feel angry about the regained weight .",
"They think they should give up their future plans on weight control ."
] | 0A
|
human_sexuality
|
mmlu_labeled
|
A NEW weapon is on the way in the fight against smoking in Europe. Soon when smokers buy cigarettes they might see a shocking photo of a blackened lung or a cancer patient staring back at them from the packet . Some boys may think of smoking as cool and sexy. Their friends won't agree when they see their packets of cigarettes lying on the table. The European Union announced on October 22 that it had chosen 42 photos that showed the damage cigarettes could do to the body. It called on member nations to put these pictures on packets to discourage smokers. To catch the attention of teenagers, the special packets warn of long-term medical dangers, like cancer. Short-term effects, like bad skin, are also on the list. "The true face of smoking is disease, death and horror. That is the message we should send to the young," said David Byrne, an EU health official. "Hopefully these pictures will shock students out of their love for cigarettes." The EU head office hoped the pictures would work better than current written warnings on packs of cigarettes. The warnings included "smoking kills" and "smoking can lead to a slow and painful death." So far, Ireland and Belgium have shown interest in the photos. Canada has used similar pictures and warnings on cigarette packs since 2000. The country has recently seen a fall in the number of smokers. According to studies, smoking is the single biggest cause of avoidable death in EU. Every year more than 650,000 smokers die, more than one person a minute.(272) The main purpose of using the photos is to warn _ .
|
[
"all smokers",
"young smokers",
"adult smokers",
"non-smokers"
] | 1B
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Which is harder?
|
[
"glass flask",
"styrofoam packing peanuts"
] | 0A
|
natural science
|
scienceqa
|
Dear Amy, I couldn't read your two e-mails until today because my computer was broken. I'm so sorry to hear about your problem, but I'm glad you're feeling better and are recovering . I'm surprised that in China someone's liver matched yours! This is really a moving story--a stranger donated part of his liver to _ he doesn't even know! You're right. We shouldn't care too much about our weight. I'm happy you stopped taking medicine to lose weight. From your photo I can see you are now looking very well in the hospital. To keep slim is important, especially for an actress, but nothing is more important than health. Your doctor's advice is really very good--exercise for at least half an hour every day and eat lots of fruit and vegetables. It's not only in your country. It's the same here with us Chinese--many people are always taking medicine to lose weight. That is often dangerous. But in fact, some of them are not overweight at all. I hope these people can learn something from your story. Hope you will leave hospital as soon as possible. Love xxx The doctor advised Amy to _ .
|
[
"care too much about her weight",
"keep slim",
"donate part of her liver",
"exercise every day and eat healthy food"
] | 3D
|
nutrition
|
mmlu_labeled
|
What information supports the conclusion that Turner acquired this trait?
|
[
"Turner rides his bicycle to school.",
"Turner and his mother both ride bicycles.",
"Turner's friend showed him how to ride a bicycle."
] | 2C
|
natural science
|
scienceqa
|
What do you eat every day? Some people think about it. And some people will not make plans for their meals. Many people like to have fast food near their offices. This kind of food can make them fat and it is bad for their health. Even it will make them ill when they are old. What should a healthy person eat every day? Well, I will tell you the 'healthy eating habit'. It comes from doctors. When people do a lot of work, the energy is burning . So you need noodles, rice, milk, bread and eggs. If you don't eat them, you will feel tired. You should eat fruits and vegetables, too. There are a lot of vitamins in them. They can make you strong. And they can give you water. People like to eat fast food near their _ .
|
[
"offices",
"schools",
"homes",
"shops"
] | 0A
|
nutrition
|
mmlu_labeled
|
What temperature is most likely to result in sweat?
|
[
"0 degrees Celsius",
"95 degrees Fahrenheit",
"34 degrees Celsius",
"33 degrees Celsius"
] | 1B
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Which element makes up most of the air we breathe.
|
[
"carbon",
"nitrogen",
"oxygen",
"argon"
] | 1B
|
natural_science
|
ai2_arc_challenge
|
It feels like every time my mother and I start to have a conversation, it turns into an argument. We talk about something as simple as dinner plans and suddenly, my mother will push the conversation into World War 3. She'll talk about my lack of bright future because I don't plan to be a doctor. And much to her disappointment, I don't want to do any job related to science, either. In fact, when I was pushed to say that I planned to major in English and communications, she nearly had a heart attack. "Why can't you be like my co-worker's son?" she _ all the time. Her coworker's son received a four-year scholarship and is now earning 70,000 dollars a year as an engineer. I don't know what to answer except that I simply can't be like Mr. Perfect as I've called the unnamed co-worker's son. I can't be like him. I am the type of the person who loved to help out in the community, write until the sun goes down, and most of all, wants to achieve a career because I love it, not because of a fame or salary. I understand why my mother is worried about my future major. I've seen my mother struggle to raise me on her small salary and work long hours. She leaves the house around 6:30 am and usually comes home around 5 pm or even 6pm. However, I want her to know that by becoming a doctor, it doesn't mean I'll be successful. I'd rather follow my dreams and create my own future. Which of the following topics do the writer and his mother often talk about?
|
[
"the writer's studies",
"wars around the world",
"dinner plans",
"the writer's future job"
] | 3D
|
human_sexuality
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Based on this information, what is this plant's phenotype for the fruit texture trait?
|
[
"bumpy fruit",
"smooth fruit"
] | 1B
|
natural science
|
scienceqa
|
When kids at Archisha Singh's school in Loudoun County have a birthday, no parents buy them birthday cakes. Some schools are worried that children might become fat or eat unhealthy food, so they have banned cupcakes altogether. What do kids do? Birthday kids can donate a book. The headmaster of their school will then read it to their class. The headmaster also hands out birthday certificates , special pencils, and makes sure the kids' names are read out in the school's morning news. Parents can send stickers , pencils and other things to students. None of the things can be food. If a child donates jump ropes or other sports equipment, that child may get his or her name on a certificate. It will then be displayed at school. Archisha really misses cupcakes, especially those her mother used to make for her kindergarten class, but her school's way is fun, too. "I like both ways," she said. The headmaster says it's important that the school should be not only teaching, but offering healthy choices to kids. "There is a better life without cupcakes. If you eat a cupcake, then it's gone in two seconds, but a book lasts a lifetime. The sports equipment lasts, and the kids can use it day after day." The headmaster thinks the school should _ .
|
[
"offer healthy choices to kids",
"offer a better life to kids",
"teach students how to be healthy",
"give kids sports equipment"
] | 0A
|
nutrition
|
mmlu_labeled
|
I resisted for years becoming anything like my dad or at least acknowledging that I was anything like him because, well, because I wanted to be me, not him; but there I sat at his memorial service several months ago, telling myself,"You've got a lot more of your dad in you than you think." There's this phrase my dad used, and I know I'm going to sound rude to complain about it, but it did use to bother me."I'm so proud of you,"he told us kids, whether we'd won a sailing race or run a marathon or managed to get a book published."I'm so proud of you."That should be a good thing, but here's what always went through my unforgiving mind: You're taking credit for what isn't really yours but mine."I'm so proud of you."It came out of my dad's mouth all the time, on those long-distance calls where I might have mentioned something that happened at work or when he and Mom came to visit and we showed off the talents of our two boys. I knew the feeling of parental pride well, especially when my boys achieved in ways that were beyond my comprehension and ability, but I looked for other ways to express it."That's an incredible story you've written,"I would say about the composition."I can't believe how fast you solved that problem,"I would admire the work of the math genius. But never just the blanket phrase. But there I was at Dad's memorial, about to praise him, thinking that I could say exactly what my brother said,"He lets me be me."That was his achievement. In the phrase that I promised I would never utter to my children was a world of forgiveness, care and appreciation. So just the other day when my older son, now a promising manager, sent me an email about the thank-you dinner his latest client threw him, I thought hard for clever things to say, finally realizing my kids just want what my dad gave me."I'm so proud of you,"I wrote. Just like the old man. What did the writer think when his father said"I'm so proud of you"?
|
[
"He should work harder.",
"His achievement was wrongly claimed by his father.",
"His father went too far to praise him.",
"He didn't clearly know what his father meant."
] | 1B
|
human_sexuality
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Smart home applications can share all kinds of helpful information with homeowners. There appears a new housing platform which can detect the stress on electricity -- and the stress on the heart. "There is a growing population of elderly people, and there are statistics to show that more and more of them are going to live alone in the home," said Johann Siau, a senior lecturer at the University of Hertfordshire in the U.K., who was leading the InterHome project. The system was originally designed to provide remote access to a house so owners could be more energy-efficient. In a small type of the system, set-in controller devices connect securely to the Internet. The owner can then monitor them with a cell phone or computer. User feedback helps the system adapt to routines, saving on electricity. While thinking about responding to user behavior and an increasingly elderly population, the researchers decided to add wristband technology that senses important organs of the body such as body temperature and pulse, Siau said. "If someone were to fall, it would detect the fall and it would immediately start the monitor of the pulse to see if the person has gone into shock ," he said. The wristband communicates with the home system wirelessly. Data from the band can be securely transmitted to the home network and accessed by authorized users. "We're working on trying to reduce it to a level where it could potentially be a wrist-sized product," Siau said. But he warned that the technology presented new challenges. "When you start using that on a larger scale, you have issues of privacy or security," he said. Siau said the InterHome home system isn't intended to invade privacy. "We're thinking about the elderly people who are living alone with no one looking after them," he said. "Hopefully this will be able to decrease some concerns and possibly save a few lives." The wristband technology is used in the system to _ .
|
[
"sense important organs of a person",
"keep an old man from falling",
"get the medical information of a sick person",
"record a person's daily activities"
] | 0A
|
computer_security
|
mmlu_labeled
|
More sunlight will be absorbed by
|
[
"a daffodil with curled leaves",
"small plant with tiny leaves",
"a plant with wide, smooth leaves",
"a daisy with thin, short leaves"
] | 2C
|
high_school_physics
|
mmlu_labeled
|
If you are sending a text, watching the TV or listening to the radio, you may want to stop and give this your full attention. Multi-tasking shrinks the brain, research suggests. A study found that men and women who frequently used several types of technology at the same time had less grey matter in a key part of the brain. University of Sussex researchers said, "Simultaneously using mobile phones, laptops and other media devices could be changing the structure of our brains." The finding follows research which has linked multi-tasking with a shortened attention span, depression, anxiety and lower grades at school. The researchers began by asking 75 healthy men and women how often they divided their attention between different types of technology. This could mean sending a text message while listening to music and checking email, or speaking on the phone while watching TV and surfing the web. The volunteers were then given brain scans which showed they had less grey matter in a region called the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC). The findings held even when differences in personality were taken into account. The study, published in the journal PLOS ONE, is the first to make a link between multi-tasking and the structure of the brain. Researcher Kep Kee Loh said, "Media multi-tasking is becoming more common in our lives today and there is increasing concern about its impacts on our cognition and social-emotional well-being." He added that more research is needed to prove that multi-tasking shrinks the brain. This is because it is also possible that people with less grey matter in the ACC are more drawn to using lots of small devices simultaneously. Scientists have previously demonstrated brain structure can be changed on prolonged exposure to new environments and experience. Other studies have shown that training -- such as learning to juggle or taxi drivers learning the map of London -- can increase grey-matter densities in certain parts. Experts have also warned of the harmful impact technology can have on our memory and attention span. According to Kep Kee Loh, _ .
|
[
"the link between multi-tasking and brain shrinkage needs further research",
"people with less grey matter in the ACC are more attracted to multi-tasking",
"multi-tasking has harmful impacts on our cognition and social-emotional well-being",
"multi-tasking leads to a shortened attention span, depression, anxiety and lower grades"
] | 0A
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Your chair is your enemy. That is the conclusion of several recent studies. Among people who sit in front of the television for more than three hours each day, those who exercise are as fat as those who don't. So what's wrong with sitting? The answer seems to have two parts. The first is that sitting is one of the most passive things you can do. Compared to sitting, standing in one place is hard work. To stand, you have to tense your leg muscles, and engage the muscles of your back and shoulders; while standing, you often shift from leg to leg. All of this burns energy. You may think you have no choice about how much you sit. But this isn't true. Suppose you sleep for eight hours each day, and exercise for one. That still leaves 15 hours of activities. Even if you exercise, most of the energy you burn will be burnt during these 15 hours, so weight gain is often the cumulative effect of a series of small decisions: Do you take the stairs or the elevator? Do you walk to the corner store, or drive? But it looks as though there's a more sinister aspect to sitting. Some evidence suggests that when you spend long periods sitting, your body actually does things that are bad for you. Lipoprotein lipase is a molecule that plays a central role in how the body processes fats. Low levels of lipoprotein lipase are associated with a variety of health problems. Studies in rats show that leg muscles only produce this molecule when they are actively being moved. The result is that when you sit, an important part of your metabolism slows down. You may also have a higher risk of suffering from diabetes . Some people have advanced radical solutions to the sitting syndrome : replace your sit-down desk with a stand-up desk, or watch television in a rocking chair. But whatever you choose, know this. The data is clear; look out for your chair. Which of the following is the best advice on how to control our weight?
|
[
"Exercising at least an hour a day.",
"Standing as long as possible.",
"Using our energy actively in daily life.",
"watching TV in a rocking chair."
] | 2C
|
nutrition
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Can you imagine a stranger will read your e-mails without your permission or scan the website you've visited or perhaps someone will casually glance through your credit card purchases or cell phones bills? All of the things may happen to you one day. In fact, it's likely that some of these things have already happened to you. Who would watch you without your permission? It might be a spouse, a girlfriend, a marketing company, a boss, a cop or a criminal. Whoever it is, they will see you in a way you never intended to be seen or even do something that may bring a disaster to you. Psychologists tell us boundaries are healthy, and that it's important to reveal to friends, family and lovers at appropriate times. But few boundaries remain nowadays. The digital bread crumbs you leave everywhere make it easy for strangers to know who you are, where you are and what you like. In some cases, a simple Google search can leak the deepest thought in your mind. Like it or not, increasingly _ The key question is: Does that matter? For many Americans, the answer apparently is "No". When opinion polls ask Americans about privacy, most of them say they are really concerned about losing it. And 60 percent of the respondents say they feel their privacy is "slipping away, and that bothers me". But people say one thing and do another. Only a small of Americans change any behaviors in an effort to preserve their privacy. Few people turn down a discount at tollbooths to avoid using the EZ-Pass system that track automobile movements. Privacy economist Acquisti has run a series of tests that reveal people will give up personal information such as telephone number, address, or social security numbers just to get their hands on a pitiful 50-cent-off coupon . But privacy does matter--at least sometimes. It's like health; when you have it, you don't notice it. Only when it's gone do you wish you'd done more to protect it. Without privacy, one will be naked in front of others. Why does the author say "we live in a world where you simply cannot keep a secret"?
|
[
"Modern society has finally developed into an open society.",
"People leave traces around when using modern technology.",
"There are always people who are curious about others' affairs.",
"Many search engines profit by revealing people's identities."
] | 1B
|
computer_security
|
mmlu_labeled
|
How can you find out what is going on inside a person's body without opening the patient's body up? Regular X rays can show a lot. CAT scans can show even more. They can give a complete view of body organs. What is a CAT scan? CAT stands for a kind of machine. It is a special X-ray machine that gets a 360-degree picture of a small area of a patient's body. Doctors use X rays to study and determine diseases and injuries within the body, X rays can find a foreign object inside the body or take pictures of some inside organs to be X-rayed. A CAT scanner, however, uses a group of X rays to give a cross-sectional view of a specific part of the body. A fine group of X rays is scanned across the body and around the patient from many different directions. A computer studies the information from each direction and produces a clear cross-sectional picture on a screen. This picture is then photographed for later use. Several cross sections, taken one after another, can give clear "photos" of the entire body or of any body organs. The latest CAT scanners can even give clear pictures of active, moving organs, just as a fast-action camera can "stop the action", giving clear pictures of what appears unclear to the eye. And because of the 360-degree pictures, CAT scans show clear and complete views of organs in a manner that was once only shown during operation or examination of a dead patient. Frequent appearance before X rays can cause skin burns, cancer or other damage to the body. Yet CAT scans actually don't cause the patient to more radiation than regular X rays do. CAT scans can also be done without getting something harmful into the patient, so they are less risky than regular X rays. CAT scans provide exact, detailed information. They can quickly find such a thing as bleeding inside the brain. They are helping to save lives. The best title of this passage might be_.
|
[
"the Newest Medical Invention",
"New X-ray Machine to Save Lives",
"How to Avoid the Damage of X Rays",
"Advantages and Disadvantages of CAT Scanners"
] | 1B
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Le Whif, an inhaler that allows chocolate lovers to meet their needs whenever they please without putting on weight, is to be released in British stores. The invention, called the world's first breathable food by its creators, let consumers suck in the taste of chocolate and coffee while taking on less than one calorie. Its makers claim it will enable dieters to enjoy their favorite snacks without worrying about their waistline. The lip-stick-style tube contains hundreds of milligrams of tiny food particles which are small enough to become conveyed by air, but too large to enter the lungs. Each Le Whif contains enough flavor about eight to ten whiffs and costs $1.99 on its own or $4.99 for a pack of three. The inhaler is available in chocolate, raspberry chocolate and mint chocolate models as well as coffee flavor, which gives a dose of caffeine equivalent to a small short of strong black coffee. It was invented by Prof. David Edwards. He said Le Whif was not designed to replace food but could be used to increase dining experience, such as allowing people to sample a variety of dishes from restaurant menus before ordering their meals He said, "In terms of living off whiffing we aren't even close to being there. But there clearly has been a revolution over the last few years where we are eating smaller amounts of food more frequently, and choosing food or its aesthetic pleasure. We will be launching new whiffing experiences probably every six months. It is reasonable to assume that the next line of whiffing products will be even more health-centered. The product that was released in Paris in 2009 and the initial production run of 25,000 inhalers were sold out within a month. It has since been made available across France and in the US. In Britain Le Whif is to be sold firstly in House of Fraser for a month, after which it could become more widely distributed. What is the main purpose of inventing Le Whif?
|
[
"To produce all kinds of chocolate.",
"To replace the traditional chocolate.",
"To change the coffee flavor.",
"To increase people's dining experience."
] | 3D
|
nutrition
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Vegetable gardening is the relaxing art and science of turning a love for growing plants into a worthwhile activity. Vegetable gardeners agree that many home-grown vegetables picked at their best are superior to those vegetables purchased from markets. From spring through late fall, a well-planned and well-kept garden can prove a supply of fresh vegetables, thus increasing the nutrition of the family diet. Freezers make it possible to keep some of the vegetables to be enjoyed at a later date. Other vegetables can be stored for a few months in a cool area. Having vegetables in the backyard makes home gardening appealing for many people. In addition, vegetable gardening provides exercise and fun for both urban and suburban families. Although the money spent for a garden may be little, one cannot escape the fact that gardening requires hard work and time. Many of the gardening tasks must be performed at times that are most inconvenient. Not doing jobs that should be done on a regular basis may result in failure and a negative feeling toward gardening. One should not plant a garden that is too large for him to care for. A small, well-kept garden is more enjoyable and profitable than a large neglected one. Vegetables do well in full sunlight and need at least five or six hours of sun during the middle of the day. Too much shading results in poor plants and few vegetables. If possible, the garden should be near the house so the gardener can work in it at odd moments. Soils for vegetables should be easily broken up and porous for quick water drainage and good aeration . A deep, fine, sandy good quality soil is best. Usually the hoe owner has little choice in the soil type he can choose. Fortunately, many vegetables can be grown on poor soils if the soils are properly prepared. Vegetables gardening is appealing for many people because _ .
|
[
"it requires little money",
"it is enjoyable and profitable",
"they can work in the vegetable garden at odd moments",
"it provides vegetables for the family all the year round."
] | 1B
|
nutrition
|
mmlu_labeled
|
We all long for friendship, but how to make a friend? "The best time to make a friend is before you need one." Joy Steven said. The following are some tips for you. People equal friends Friends usually begin with strangers. Getting in touch with other people is the first step to make a friend. Friends can't be made in empty air. Best friends take time to make. Friends understand friends Friends understand each other when talking. Many unpleasant personal quarrels can be avoided if you will take the time to understand others' feelings and points of view. Friends touch friends Touching is a warm from of communication between friends. When you see best friends communicating, you will notice them stand close together, touch each other comfortably and listen to each other. Sometimes a friendly touch is more powerful than words. Friends praise friends Praise is a powerful tool to make a friend. Honest praise can affect your friends' lives. So try to praise your friends, including your general ones. Friends can loyal and trustworthy Trust and loyalty go hand in hand for friends. Friends can share secrets with you, because good friends never break confidence and are loyal forever. To make and keep many friends, you need to do the following EXCEPT _ .
|
[
"get in touch with people",
"understand your friends",
"praise your friends",
"quarrel with your friends"
] | 3D
|
human_sexuality
|
mmlu_labeled
|
The sharp drop in world oil prices has led oil companies in the United States to dismiss thousands of workers. Some companies have also delay new oil drilling and exploration projects. The drop in oil prices has also affected small service companies and even stores that do business with oil companies in big producer states like Texas. But the drop in oil prices has not been bad for everyone. Oil platform workers are often called roughnecks. In Texas, many roughnecks have lost their jobs because of the drop in oil prices. The effect of falling prices has been worse in states like Alaska and North Dakota. That is because production costs are higher there than they are in the Eagle Ford area of south-central Texas. Adam Perdue is an economist at the University of Houston's Institute for Regional Forecasting. He has been studying the effect of falling oil prices in Texas. He says oil company exploration and production budgets are being cut between 10 and 50 percent, with most of them being cut by a third. He thinks the lower spending will affect the local economy. The economic slowdown will affect companies that manufacture pipes and other equipment for oil exploration and production. It will also have an effect on trucking companies that supply sand and chemicals, and other small businesses that serve the energy industry. But low oil prices are good for chemical companies. They use hydrocarbons found in oil to make fertilizer, plastic and other products. Adam Perdue says a new chemical plant project near Houston will provide jobs for many skilled workers "A lot of these roughnecks that are gonna lose their jobs out there in the field are gonna be able to come home and, and, and get a welding job or a construction job." he says. But some oil industry experts believe prices will rise again in about six months when the oversupply of oil is reduced. Why is the effect of falling prices worse in North Dakota?
|
[
"Roughnecks there have lost their jobs.",
"The oil production there costs more.",
"Oil platform there has been closed.",
"Oil prices there have fallen more sharply."
] | 1B
|
high_school_microeconomics
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Have you ever heard that we humans use only ten percent of our brains? This opinion holds a certain appeal because if it were true, then we could instantly become ten times more intelligent just by firing up that sleepy majority of the brain! The idea that we use only a small part of the brain dates back to animal experiments in the 19th century. When scientists stimulated a specific part of the brain, the animal moved its leg or tail. If a tiny part of the brain could do something so great, what was the use of the rest of the brain? Some scientists assumed that large parts of the brain were simply useless. Then, in the early 20th century, scientists observed that stimulating certain parts of the brain had no physical effects. They named these seemingly useless parts of the brain the "silent cortex." Today we know that in humans, much of the "silent cortex" is actually devoted to complex activities like language, learning, and imagining. Brain scans have shown that different parts of the brain become much more active as we shift our attention and focus, but even as we sleep, many areas of the brain are extremely active. Would you be smarter if your entire brain constantly worked to maximum capacity ? Interestingly enough, the opposite is probably true. The less brain activity you need to perform a given task, the more the brain as a whole is able to do. Silent cortex has proved to be _ .
|
[
"sensitive to stimulation",
"useful in complex activities",
"responsible for physical reaction",
"more active than the other parts of the brain"
] | 1B
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Normally a student must attend a certain number of courses in order to graduate, and each course that he attends gives him a credit, which he may count towards a degree. In many American universities the total work for a degree consists of thirty-six courses, each lasting for a term. A typical course consists of three classes per week for fifteen weeks; while attending a university a student will probably attend two terms a year. It is possible to spread a period of work for the degree over a longer period. It is also possible for a student to move between one university and another during his degree course, though this in fact is not done as a regular practice. For every course that he follows a student is given a grade, which is recorded and available for the student to show employers. All this imposes a constant pressure and strain of study, but in spite of this some students still find time for great activities in student affairs. Elections to positions in the student union arouse great interests. Students who are qualified usually perform the effective work of the student union. With the big numbers of students, the operation of the system does involve a certain number of activities. A student who has held one of these positions in the union is much respected and it willbe of benefitto him. According to the writer, a grade is provided _ .
|
[
"to the parents who care for it",
"to impose a pressure on the students",
"to see whether a student is more intelligent",
"as a record showed to the employers in job-interview."
] | 3D
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Which best describes a parallel circuit?
|
[
"Electricity flows along one pathway.",
"The flow of electricity comes from one source.",
"Electricity flows along more than one pathway.",
"The flow of electricity comes from more than one source."
] | 2C
|
electrical_engineering
|
mmlu_labeled
|
To Whom It May Concern, My husband Jim and I got married in 1965. For the first ten years of our marriage, I was very happy to stay home and raise our three children. Then about four years ago, our youngest child went to school, and I thought I might go back to work. Jim was very supportive and helped me to make my decision. He started to do all the things I used to do around the house, and said he thought I could be a great success in business. After several weeks of job hunting, I found my present job, which is working for a small public relation firm. At first, my husband was proud of me and would tell his friends, "My clever little wife can run that company she's working for." But, as his joking words were becoming reality, Jim stopped talking to me about my job. I have received several promotions and pay increases, and I am now making more money than he is. I can buy my own clothes and a new car. Because of our combined incomes, Jim can do things that we had always dreamed of doing, but we don't do these things because he is unhappy. We fought about little things, and Jim is very critical of me in front of our friends. For the first time in our marriage, I think there is a possibility that our marriage may come to an end. I love Jim very much, and I don't want him to feel inferior , but I also love my job. I think I can be a good wife and a working woman, but I don't know how. Can you give me some advice? Will I have to choose one or the other or can I keep both my husband and my new career? Please help. Yours, Mary Jim stopped talking about her job when _ .
|
[
"Jim failed to do what he liked",
"she made more money than he",
"she received her boss' praise",
"Jim had to do housework"
] | 1B
|
human_sexuality
|
mmlu_labeled
|
My husband and I both work from home.We have four children, so the times when I am alone in the house are few and far between.Like many work-at-home moms, when I do get a chance to be by myself ,I do something, whether it's related to my career or taking care of the household chores . One Thursday,things really came to a head.My husband was heading out to the gym,just thinking that I had nothing to do but watch the twins.My older boys were making plans with their friends without bothering me and they were expecting me to drive them there.The twins,being young,wanted my undivided attention.Even my customers seemed to be demanding that day.They sounded not satisfied with the products and wanted to cut down the prices more.Nobody bothered to ask if I might have plans of my own.But the truth was, I seldom did have any plans for myself, and everyone knew it. I always put their needs before my own.They took advantage of that. The next day,when the kids were at school, I headed for the movie theater--alone.I'd never been to the movies alone before.Would I look pitiful going to the theater by myself? Was I being silly by seeing a movie when so much work awaited me at home? I forced myself to take back these thoughts.And then I walked into the theater with my head held high and enjoyed every minute of the movie.For a couple of hours, I was nobody's wife or mother.I was just myself. From that point on,I decided that Fridays would be mine,at least for a couple of hours.Some Fridays, I head for the beach with a good book.Other Fridays, I go shopping.I really look forward to my Fridays after a long week of caring for my family. By forcing myself to slow down and put the needs of my family out of my mind, I feel closer to myself.I'm not completely responsible for caring for my family.I don't need to do it all myself. I just need to remember to spare some time to be with myself. What is the biggest benefit that the writer got from her decision?
|
[
"She has her husband share the housework.",
"She no longer overloads herself too much.",
"She has the time to develop her own hobbies.",
"She learns to put her own needs in the first place."
] | 1B
|
human_sexuality
|
mmlu_labeled
|
The boys crowded in two teams at the front of Charlene Skinner's class as they thought over the math problem that flashed on the whiteboard. "That's not right," one boy said. "It says find the slope," another boy said, instructing his classmates. Next door, in Room A114, the girls spent five minutes in Justin Anderson's science class writing down everything they know about DNA. When the assigned time was up, Anderson asked the students to share some of what they noted down. "Nobody's DNA is alike," one girl said after raising her hand. "You get it from your parents," said another. This is how some lessons are taught at James Gholson Middle School in Prince George's County: boys in one classroom, girls in another. Advocates argue that separating boys and girls removes distractions and sex prejudice in the classroom, taking the lead from expensive private schools and boarding schools that have relied on single-sex learning for generations. But opponents say there is little evidence that such separation works, that it can be discriminatory and that it doesn't properly prepare students for a world that is mixed. Some experts say single-sex classes can break down sex stereotypes , create opportunities for students and improve test scores. Kathy Couture, an education professor at Stetson University in Florida and a board member of the National Association for Single Sex Public Education, said students tend to be more focused on their curriculum and less concerned about impressing or getting attention from the opposite sex. She said girls tend to "dumb themselves down for boys" when they are together in math and science classes. But a report published last week by the Psychological Bulletin -- which reviewed 184 studies to compare the outcomes of learning in single-sex and mixed classrooms -- raised questions about whether there are any real advantages to single-sex classrooms. Janet Hyde, one of the report's co-authors, said there was no evidence to support the argument that boys do better orally or that girls improve in math and science when in single-sex settings. What is more important is that separating students might not adequately prepare them for college and careers. "One of the major purposes of school is to prepare students for the adult world, and that world is mixed," Janet Hyde said. "I think we do harm to students by not preparing them for the adult world." What is the point of Janet Hyde's statement on single-sex classes?
|
[
"Single-sex classes do not improve boys' speaking ability.",
"Single-sex classes lead to worse academic performance.",
"Single-sex classes harm the students in their future study and work.",
"Single-sex classes do not help students' physical development."
] | 2C
|
human_sexuality
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Which is an example of kinetic energy?
|
[
"a book sitting on a shelf",
"a ball rolling down a hill",
"a runner about to start a race",
"a window getting hot from the sun"
] | 1B
|
high_school_physics
|
mmlu_labeled
|
What contains nutrients for plants?
|
[
"dirt cheap",
"wind",
"ground minerals",
"soiled clothes"
] | 2C
|
nutrition
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Drew knows that Earth is tilted on its axis. He also knows this tilt is responsible for the season that a region on Earth will experience. When the South Pole is tilted toward the Sun, what season will it be in Florida?
|
[
"fall",
"spring",
"summer",
"winter"
] | 3D
|
natural_science
|
ai2_arc_challenge
|
Some plants get so hungry they eat flies, and even small frogs. What's more amazing is that these plants occur naturally (in special environments) in every state. In fact, they're found on every continent except Antarctica. You've probably seen a Venus' flytrap -- a small plant, which grows 6 to 8 inches tall in a container. At the end of its stalks are leaves that act like traps . Inside each trap is a lining of tiny hairs. When an insect lands on them, the traps suddenly shut. Over the course of a week or so, the plant feeds on its catch. The Venus' flytrap is just one of more than 500 species of meat-eating plants, says Barry Meyers-Rice, the editor of the International Carnivorous Plant Society's Newsletter. He states although you might have read some science-fiction stories, no meat-eating plant does any danger to humans. Barry says a plant is meat-eating, only if it does all four of the following: "attract, kill, digest, and absorb" some form of insects. Meat-eating plants look and act like other green plants -- well, most of the time. All green plants make sugar to produce food. What makes meat-eating plants different is their special leaves, which need insects for one reason: nitrogen . Nitrogen is a nutrient that they can't obtain any other way. Why? Almost all green plants on our planet get nitrogen from the soil. Meat-eating plants can't. They live in places where nutrients are hard to get from the soil because of its acidity. So they've come to rely on getting nitrogen from insects and small animals. In fact, nutrient-rich soft is poisonous to meat-eating plants. Never fertilize them! But don't worry, either, if they never seem to catch any insects. They can survive, but they'll grow very slowly. From the passage, we can infer that _ .
|
[
"meat-eating plants are found nowhere else except Antarctica",
"all green plants get nitrogen from the soil",
"meat-eating plants endanger humans in science-fiction stories",
"the nutrient-poor soil is beneficial to meat-eating plants"
] | 2C
|
college_biology
|
mmlu_labeled
|
In today's class, I will teach you how to send birthday e-cards to friends anywhere in the world without leaving our classroom.I'll show it to you on 123 Greetings, which is one of the most popular free-card websites. Step 1 Connect your computer to the Internet and go to 123 Greetings.Click "Happy Birthday".You will see hundreds of e-cards.Choose the card you'd like to send. Step 2 Design your e-card.After clicking the card you want, you'll see the "Design" menu.In it you can find many things you can change to suit your taste, such as the colors and music. Step 3 Add your message in the message box.The message box provides space for you to type a message.Think of something special and type the message into the box. Step 4 Enter your e-mail address.Then enter the e-mail address of the recipient.Choose whether you want to be notified when your birthday e-card has been read.You can also choose whether to send the card immediately or at a later time. The writer is most probable a _ .
|
[
"scientist",
"teacher",
"doctor",
"farmer"
] | 1B
|
college_computer_science
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Why would a lightbulb be dark?
|
[
"the bulb needs to be charged",
"the room is too bright",
"the circuit is incomplete",
"it ran out of electricity"
] | 2C
|
electrical_engineering
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Li Chuang is a 15-year-old boy, but he has been a smoker for three years. His teeth and fingers have turned a bit yellow. "I first tried smoking after watching TV. It makes me feel excited and I think it looks cool," he said. Not all students smoke as much as Li, but there are lots of child smokers. A report says 32% of boys and 13% of girls in middle schools in China have smoked. Some are as young as 11 when they first try! May 31stis _ . Health experts are asking young people not to smoke. Doctors say smoking can make people get illnesses, like lung cancer . Not only that, smoking costs a lot of money, too! Stop smoking, children! It's bad for your health. Li Chuang began to smoke when he was _ .
|
[
"12",
"13",
"15",
"14"
] | 0A
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Scales
|
[
"measure how much belly fat the user has",
"measure height of the user",
"help users know if they need to drop some lbs.",
"help users determine their blood sugar levels"
] | 2C
|
elementary_mathematics
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Many people have great difficulty in saying goodbye. But from goodbye moments, we can always learn something. Once, I overheard a father and daughter in their goodbye moment. The father said, "I love you, I wish you enough." The daughter answered, "Daddy, our life together has been more than enough. Your lover is all that I need. I wish you enough, too, Daddy." They kissed and she left ... The father walked over towards me. I could see he wanted and needed a cry. He came over to me and asked, "Did you ever say a forever goodbye to someone?" Before I could answer, he went on, " I am old and she lives much too far away. I know her next trip back would be for my funeral ." "When you were saying goodbye I heard you say, 'I wish you enough.' May I ask what that means?" He began to smile , "It's a wish that has come down from my great-great-grandparents. And my parents used to say it to me." He stopped for a moment and looked up as if trying to remember it. He smiled even more. "When we said'I wish you enough,' we were wanting the other person to have a life full of enough good things." Then, turning towards me, he shared the following "wish" from his heart. I wish you enough sun to keep you bright . I wish you enough rain to appreciate the sun more. I wish you enough happiness to keep you alive. I wish you enough pain so that the smallest joys in life appear much bigger. I wish enough hellos to get you through the final goodbye. My friends, I wish you enough. From the passage, we may learn _ .
|
[
"the daughter didn't understand his father",
"the old man didn't want to see his daughter",
"the writer knew the old man very well",
"the father and daughter loved each other so much"
] | 3D
|
human_sexuality
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Hookworms live inside the intestines of dogs. As the dog eats, the hookworms consume partially digested food. As a result of this nutrient diversion, the dog can become malnourished and weakened. Which best describes the relationship between the hookworms and the dog?
|
[
"a parasitic relationship",
"a mutualistic relationship",
"a predator-prey relationship",
"a producer-consumer relationship"
] | 0A
|
college_biology
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Many times when children make a mistake,starting with breaking a window while playing football or skipping classes and ending with stealing something or fighting with another child,parents are always blamed by the society for not having known how to educate their offsprings .The situation is not that easy to explain. Parents always look for the best interest of their children and many times they are ready to take measures only for their sake.They know their children are suffering when they are forced to stay indoors or when they have no money,but they have to teach them a lesson so that they won't repeat the same mistakes over and over again.When a child realizes that his father is talking seriously about him not being allowed to do something,he understands the seriousness of his deeds and he knows he will think twice before making the same mistake again. These are the cases of the responsible parents,who suffer when they see that their children are not happy but who resist the temptation of forgiving them so easily so that they realize the gravity of their actions not only at present but also in the future. On the other hand there are parents who always find excuses for their children's behavior,who never consider they make mistakes or if they just do what they call "childish" things. When you buy your children everything he has ever dreamt of or when you tell him he can wear a necklace even if he is only 13,he will become so spoiled that he won't take into consideration anything of what you are telling him later on.He will get to the point where he steals from the house or from a shop so that he can afford to buy cigarettes or drugs. The purpose of writing this passage is to _ .
|
[
"tell us it is normal that children make mistakes",
"show parents how to deal with the children who make mistakes",
"make us know why children often make mistakes",
"give some advice on how to forgive the children who make mistakes"
] | 1B
|
human_sexuality
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Left-Handers' Day International Left-Handers' Day is August the thirteenth. The International Left-Handers Day, Web site says the Left-Handers Club started the holiday in 1992. It wanted left-handers around the world to celebrate. And it wanted to bring attention to the everyday problems of people who use their left hands. One of these problems is difficulty using equipment and tools, like scissors. In general, most tools and equipment are made for people who are right-handed. The Left-Handers Club tries to educate designers and producers to consider the safety of left-handed people when producing their products. Another problem is that many people have considered it bad to be left-handed. Some teachers and parents have tried to force children who used their left hands to use their right ones instead. Scientists do not really know why some people are left-handed. They have believed the reason is genetic.They say the gene increases the chance of being left-handed. It appears to play an important part in deciding which part of the brain controls different activities. In right-handed people, the left side of the brain usually controls speech and language. The right side controls feelings. However, the opposite is often true in left-handed people. Scientists believe the gene is responsible for this. The gene showed a link with left-handedness in nine to twelve percent of the population. About ten percent of people around the world are left-handed. International Left-handers' Day aims to bring attention to _ .
|
[
"the right-handers",
"the everyday problems",
"the people who have some difficulty using equipment and tools",
"the everyday problems of people who use their left hands"
] | 3D
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
In the gym of Croxteth Community School, Liverpool, 50 boys have completed a course on boxing that is seen as a pilot for its return to state schools. The Schools Amateur Boxing Association (SABA) has developed the Kid Gloves scheme ( ),a -non-contact version of the sport where outside coaches teach a range of basic skills. Chris Andrews, assistant secretary of the SABA, said the scheme was regarded as a way of changing the decline in boxing in state schools which began 25 years ago. Safety fears and the poor image of professional boxing had accelerated the sport's decline. Concern was worsened by incidents such as the death of the professional boxer Bradley Stone. But the Croxteth example was winning more supporters. Mr. Andrews said the idea was particularly well received in the north-east of England. "The interest shown so far has been enormous," he said. "I believe that boxing will come back into schools. A video has been produced to promote boxing in schools, and a bid has been made for a Sports Council grant ." He said, "I think there is a genuine recognition that there are aspects to boxing, if it is controlled and properly run, that really are very beneficial for children. This scheme takes away the dangers. I hope boxing can be promoted throughout the country in a more coordinated way." Such an idea horrifies such groups as the British Medical Association (BMA) and the British Safety Council, both critics of the idea. Dr Jeffrey Cundy, the joint author of a BMA report on boxing, accepted that the scheme in Liverpool was non-contact, but he was still opposed. He said, "We feel that children should still not be introduced to boxing, because they will then be encouraged to take up an activity which is uniquely dangerous when actual contact takes place." He added, "There is a whole range of sports which will teach the discipline that comes from boxing without the dangers. We see this reintroduction in schools as an unhealthy development." At the 800-pupil Croxteth school, Steve Stewart, head of PE, said boxing had helped to improve self-confidence, self-discipline, self-awareness and self-respect in those taking part. Everybody could get involved and, because all were starting from scratch, the improvements could be quickly seen. Certificates were presented to the pupils at the end of the course by Paul Hodgkinson, a local boxer who is a former world champion. Next year, the course will be repeated and if possible girls will be allowed to take part following requests from them. Gerry Thompson and Tony Curry, both 12,have enjoyed the boxing sessions and say they will both join a local boxing club. "I thought it was brilliant," said Gerry. "I would rather be a professional boxer than a footballer. It's more enjoyable*" Dr. Cundy's attitude towards the return of boxing to schools can be described as _ .
|
[
"supportive",
"unconcerned",
"disapproving",
"objective"
] | 2C
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
What is the mass of the Statue of Liberty?
|
[
"225 tons",
"225 pounds",
"225 ounces"
] | 0A
|
natural science
|
scienceqa
|
Which of the following is an anti-oxidant?
|
[
"Vitamin E",
"Vitamin K",
"Vitamin B",
"Vitamin X"
] | 0A
|
human_aging
|
mmlu
|
There is no doubt that to study abroad gives you an excellent opportunity to learn things which are very helpful in your career building. Today Canada has earned a good name in providing quality education and safe healthy environment for its students. That is why more than 130,000 international students enroll every year in famous Canadian universities. It is an ideal education destination and gives students a unique experience of education and its versatile arts and culture. Canada spends a lot on education and is ranked the highest in G-8 countries. To study in Canada is very cost effective. These universities are affordable compared to other universities in the world such as in the US, New Zealand and UK where cost of education and living is very high. According to a survey in 2006, "Canada offered the lowest tuition fees for foreign students compared to UK and Australia." The low rate of crimes and the peaceful safe environment of the country also attracts a lot of international students to Canadian universities. Canada has 92 universities and 175 community colleges and university degrees have three levels--Bachelor's , Master's and Doctoral . A Bachelor's degree in Canada is for three or four years' full-time study depending on the nature of the program you are doing. On the other hand, a Master's degree consists of two years of study. For a Doctoral program in Canadian universities, you require a minimum (/) of three to four or sometimes five years of research and study. You can also find many diploma and certification program in Canadian universities where the time is generally one year. Some of the Canadian universities are well-regarded worldwide and the degree and diploma obtained from these Canadian universities are recognized globally and promise bright future. After the completion of studies, a person could also find great job offers in Canada itself. International students require a work permit to work on campus. How long will you spend at least in total if you want to finish your Bachelor's, Master's and Doctoral degrees in Canada?
|
[
"11 years",
"9 years",
"8 years",
"7 years"
] | 2C
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
What does gravity cause substances on a planet?
|
[
"things to move sideways",
"things to be moved upwards",
"things to descend to the lowest surface possible",
"things to stay in the same place"
] | 2C
|
high_school_physics
|
mmlu_labeled
|
40 years ago the idea of disabled people doing sport was never heard of. But when the yearly games for the disabled were started at Stoke Mandeville, England in 1948 by Sir Ludwig Guttmann, the situation began to change. Sir Ludwig Guttmann, who had been driven to England in 1939 from Nazi Germany, had been asked by the British government to set up an injuries center at Stoke Mandeville Hospital near London, His ideas about treating injuries included sport for the disabled. In the first games just two teams of injured soldiers took part .The next year, 1949, five teams took part. From those beginnings, things have developed fast. Teams now come from abroad to Stoke Mandeville every year. In 1990 the first Olympics for the disabled were held in Rome, in the same place as the normal Olympic Games. Now, every four years the Olympic Games for the disabled are held, if possible, in the same place as the normal Olympic Games, although they are organized separately. In other years games for the disabled are still held at Stoke Mandeville, In the 1984 Wheelchair Olympic Games, 1,064 wheelchair athletes form about 40 countries took part. Unfortunately, they were held at Stoke Mandeville and not in Los Angeles, along with the other Olympics. The games have been a great success in helping the progress of international friendship and understanding, and in proving that being disabled does not mean you can't enjoy sport. One small source of disappointment for those who organize and take part in the games, however, has been the unwillingness of the International Olympic Committee to include disabled events at the Olympic Games for the able-bodied. Perhaps a few more years are still needed to persuade those fortunate enough not to be disabled that their disabled fellow athletes should be included. What do we know about Sir Ludwig Guttmann from the passage?
|
[
"He is an early organizer of the games for the able-bodied",
"He is welcomed by the British government",
"He is an injured soldier.",
"He is from England."
] | 1B
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
If 10 grams of water are added to 5 grams of salt, how much salt water will be made?
|
[
"2 grams",
"5 grams",
"10 grams",
"15 grams"
] | 3D
|
natural_science
|
ai2_arc_challenge
|
Will you trust your friends if you can't see anything? If you are falling, do you believe they will catch you and help you stand up? Our teacher helped us to get the answer. One day, Mr. Morrie came into the classroom and said he had a game for us to try. He divided us into two groups. One student from the first group, stood in front of us with his eyes closed, and then fell backwards . The second group stood behind him. Before he fell on the floor, they should catch him and not let him get hurt. Most of us were uncomfortable with this. We were afraid that they wouldn't catch us and we would hit the floor. So we didn't move. We just stood there and laughed in embarrassment. Finally, one student, a thin, quiet, dark-haired girl called Sarah, decided to move. She crossed her arms in front of her body, closed her eyes, and slowly fell backwards. She looked quiet but brave. For a moment, I was sure that she was going to fall on the floor. But before she hit the floor, the other students caught her, held her and finally helped her stand up. "Whoa!!" We were all surprised, and also encouraged . The girl was happy, too. Seeing this, Morrie smiled and said to the girl, "When you close your eyes, you can't see anything. You won't feel safe. When you are falling, the feeling gets stronger. You are not sure whether you will hit the cold, hard floor or the warm, soft hands of your friends. But if you are brave enough to trust them, they will not let you down ." What did the writer think of the girl?
|
[
"Careful.",
"Active.",
"Quiet but brave.",
"Careless."
] | 2C
|
human_sexuality
|
mmlu_labeled
|
In the book The Best Little Girl in the World, Kessa has a serious eating disorder called anorexia nervosa. But she is not alone. Many people have this eating disorder. In the beginning of her story, Kessa is a normal 15-year-old. She is good at many things, especially dancing. She has danced for many years and loves it. One day her dance teacher tells her to continue eating right, but maybe lose a few pounds. Once Kessa hears this, she takes things too far. Instead of cutting down on snacks and junk food, she decides not to eat at all. She does not eat breakfast, lunch, or dinner. She begins losing weight and becomes slimmer and slimmer. But she loses weight to a point where she is unhealthy. As her poor eating habits continue, her parents start getting as much help as possible to cure their beautiful daughter. But it is just as hard for Kessa's parents to deal with her disorder as it is for her. Everyday she exercises to lose more pounds and plans what and when she will eat. Her parents try everything, but Kessa decides not to have any fat on her body. Kessa's doctor and parents finally take her to the hospital. She is now so thin that she can hardly walk. There, she is given good care. In the rest of the book, Kessa goes through a lot of trouble in order to cure her eating disorder. This book, I think, can help to prevent people from doing this to themselves. It shows the trouble that people go through just to be slimmer, and all the terrible things they must experience to be cured. It is a book I think every teenager should read. What does Kessa do to lose weight?
|
[
"She stops eating.",
"She eats less junk food.",
"She has three small meals a day.",
"She dances many more hours a day."
] | 0A
|
nutrition
|
mmlu_labeled
|
A sunburn is most likely to happen after hiking in a
|
[
"desert",
"forest",
"wetland",
"jungle"
] | 0A
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
I'm a boy. My name is Bill. I'm thirteen. I'm in Class Two, Grade One. I have a good friend. His name is Jim. He is an English boy. He is in Class 3,Grade 1.Mr Wang is our English teacher. He is 27. Miss Zhang is our Chinese teacher. She is 30. We are good friends, too. Are Jim and Bill in the same class? _
|
[
"Yes,they are.",
"Yes,they aren't.",
"No,they aren't.",
"I don't know."
] | 2C
|
elementary_mathematics
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Beans and coal both have stored energy. Where did the energy come from that is stored in beans and coal?
|
[
"From the Earth's gravity",
"From the Sun's light",
"From the heat in the Earth's core",
"From the air's carbon dioxide"
] | 1B
|
college_chemistry
|
mmlu_labeled
|
When might you need to give blood for a personality test? The answer is that you need to do so when you ask for a job. Some people believe that your blood group hides no secrets.It shows the "real you".And the owners of certain blood groups might be particularly good or bad at a certain task.This is the very reason why you could be asked to offer your blood group before being given a job. The new idea was carried out first in Japan and now it has been brought over to other parts of the world.One important business company in Japan is quite special about these needs: "For our office members, we must have 30 percent of those with group A and 15 percent with AB, 25 percent with B." Do you happen to know that if your own blood group is O, you can get things done and sell the goods well? People with blood group A are thinkers, while those with blood group B are highly creative.And if you have problems, ask the ABs to solve them.So if you visit the Japanese company, you would find the O types out selling goods and A types keeping order in the office. This passage seems to lead you to believe that _ .
|
[
"your blood group could affect your work",
"blood types can never change your life",
"the idea about blood groups has little scientific basis",
"one's personality will never change through out one's life"
] | 0A
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
A California family drives a car that could help protect the environment. When Jon and Sandy go to the store or to their daughters' soccer games, they drive in high-tech style. They drive a $1 million, fuel-cell-powered car. It may be the world's most expensive car and one of the most environmentally friendly cars. The FCX is the first fuel-cell-powered car to be used by a family anywhere in the world. The FCX uses hydrogen and oxygen for fuel. Car makers have been working to develop vehicles that are better for the environment. They are developing cars that use fuel other than gasoline. And then what is fuel cell technology? Fuel cell technology works by changing the chemicals hydrogen and oxygen into water. This process produces electricity, and water vapor which comes out of the exhaust pipe. Most cars release dangerous gases such as carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide. Many scientists say these gases are major contributors to global warming. "The FCX is driven just like any other vehicle on the road, but without the gases which pollute the environment," scientists say. Fuel cell technology has been around since the 1800s, but scientists have yet been to perfect it. They say it may take years before the technology is ready for widespread use. Another earth-friendly car is already on the market. Hybrid cars use both gasoline and an electric motor. They are becoming more popular with customers because they cut pollution and improve fuel efficiency. From the passage, we know that fuel cell technology _ .
|
[
"works by water",
"has a history for over two hundred years",
"works by electricity",
"has been widely used since the 1800s"
] | 1B
|
electrical_engineering
|
mmlu_labeled
|
melting ice may be formed by
|
[
"the moon",
"temp change",
"an iceberg",
"a reaction"
] | 1B
|
high_school_chemistry
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Internet dating has become one of the biggest and most successful business ventures on the Internet.Basically,Internet dating is a way to meet people for either friendship or dating without actually having to meet them in person first. The first thing to do if you decide to try Internet dating is to build your profile which can include your hobbies,hopes for the future,and so on.A photograph is optional,but many sites claim that a photograph increases the number of people who look at your profile. Many Internet dating sites will charge a one-time registration fee to use their services. Internet dating makes it possible to meet people from all over the world. You call even narrow the search down to your area by zip code.Another advantage is that you can communicate by email before you meet in person.Thousands of people have met,fallen in love,and married through Internet dating.It is an excellent way for shy people to meet.It is also a way for people with busy lives to connect with others,and an easy way to meet people who share your interests. Just as in conventional dating and love,there are some pitfalls to be aware of in Internet dating.The person you have been talking to on the net may not be who they say they are. Be very aware that there are some people who misrepresent their appearance or private details,such as marital status,income,and so on,for their own reasons.It would not be the first time that someone has been taken in, and talk shows are full of cheating partners who have been caught dating over the Internet in their spare time.Nevertheless,taking a few simple precautions should help ensure that your Internet dating experience is fun. One advantage of Internet dating is that _ . .
|
[
"you can avoid a face-to-face meeting in the beginning",
"you're sure to find a partner with the same interests",
"you'll find absolutely reliable information of others",
"you'll gain fame and money overnight"
] | 0A
|
computer_security
|
mmlu_labeled
|
What is taken in by the leaves of a tree so it can make its own food?
|
[
"oxygen",
"sugar",
"sunlight",
"water"
] | 2C
|
college_biology
|
mmlu_labeled
|
SPACE is a lonely place. Hundreds of thousands of kilometers from home, astronauts have a hard life. It stands to reason that, once in a while, they need to have a good cry. But this is a lot harder than it sounds. We still know very little about space, and about living in zero gravity. In fact, we are discovering new things every time astronauts take to the skies (and beyond). As The Atlantic reported in January, crying is not all that simple in space. This is because when a person normally cries, gravity makes their tears move downwards. But in a spacecraft, this is not the case. Here, there is no gravity, which is why we so often see pictures of astronauts floating around. This means that, strangely, when you cry your tears have nowhere to go. As a result, they just stick to your eyes. In May 2011, astronaut Andrew Feustel experienced this. "Tears," as he said, "don't fall off your eye... they just kind of stay there. " This can be quite painful. In space, your eyes get very dry, and the added moisture is irritating . Sometimes, things get even weirder . The astronaut Ron Parise told The Atlantic that when tears get big enough, they "break free of the eye and float around". No one can be quite sure why we cry. Why should water in our eyes have anything to do with feeling sad? If you stop to think about it, crying is a very strange thing indeed. And now, thanks to the wonders of space, it just got even stranger. If astronauts cry in spacecraft, their tears will _ .
|
[
"move downwards",
"move upwards",
"go out of the window",
"stick to their eyes"
] | 3D
|
astronomy
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Guide to Stockholm University Library Our library offers different types of studying places and provides a good studying environment. Zones The library is divided into different zones. The upper floor is a quiet zone with over a thousand places for silent reading, and places where you can sit and work with your own computer. The reading places consist mostly of tables and chairs. The ground floor is the zone where you can talk. Here you can find sofas and armchairs for group work. Computers You can use your own computer to connect to the wi-fi specially prepared for notebook computers; you can also use library computers, which contain the most commonly used applications, such as Microsoft Office. They are situated in the area known as the Experimental Field on the ground floor. Group-study Places If you want to discuss freely without disturbing others, you can book a study room or sit at a table on the ground floor. Some study rooms are for 2-3 people and others can hold up to 6-8 people. All rooms are marked on the library maps. There are 40 group-study rooms that must be booked via the website. To book, you need an active University account and a valid University card. You can use a room three hours per day, nine hours at most per week. Storage of study material The library has lockers for students to store course literature. When you have obtained at least 40 credits , you may rent a locker and pay 400 SEK for a year's rental period. Rules to be followed Mobile phone conversations are not permitted anywhere in the library. Keep your phone on silent as if you were in a lecture and exit the library if you need to receive calls. Please note that food and fruit are forbidden in the library, but you are allowed to have drinks and sweets with you. A student can rent a locker in the library if he _ .
|
[
"can afford the rental fee",
"attends certain courses",
"has nowhere to put his books.",
"has earned the required credits"
] | 3D
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
As number of organisms in a group increases , how will the chance of survival of each organism change?
|
[
"float",
"minimal change",
"augmented",
"lowered"
] | 2C
|
college_biology
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Which is a process that converts sunlight energy into a compound that stores chemical energy?
|
[
"phototropism",
"photosynthesis",
"respiration",
"pollination"
] | 1B
|
college_biology
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Scientists recently found three animal species living two miles below the surface of the Mediterranean Sea, where the super-salty waters don't have oxygen . They're multicellular , which means their bodies have many cells. They each are as small as a large grain of sand. But they are animals. The most exciting thing about these creatures, say the scientists, is that they obviously don't need oxygen to live. What biologists know about life so far is that only single-celled living things can live in places that have no oxygen, and that multicellular organisms can visit these places, but not live there. These newly found creatures could _ . Finding animals down there was so surprising that the scientists couldn't believe it. At first, "we thought they were dead bodies," Roberto Danovaro, a scientist at the Polytechnic University of Marche in Ancona, Italy, told Science News. To find out whether the animals could actually live there Danovaro and his colleagues brought up more samples from the ocean floor. Studying the animals in the new samples showed that they appeared to be alive. The researchers did more tests, and found that some of the animals had eggs--which suggests they were reproducing . Also in the samples were old skins, suggesting that the animals had lived there long enough to grow. Finally, pictures taken showed that the insides of the animals appear to be adapted to live in an environment that has no oxygen. These clues suggest the animals don't need oxygen, but the evidence is indirect, which means that scientists still have not observed how the animals live without oxygen. This means more studies are needed, but the scientists think they're on the right track. And if they're right, biologists will need to rethink what they know about where animals live. Which of the following CAN'T be used to prove the newly found creatures can live in super-salty waters?
|
[
"Their dead bodies are found there.",
"Some in the samples have eggs.",
"Some old skins are found in the samples.",
"The pictures of their insides have been taken."
] | 0A
|
college_biology
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Which tool is most responsible for preventing future pandemics of smallpox?
|
[
"worldwide vaccination for smallpox",
"global education about smallpox",
"better worldwide urban sanitation",
"improved global quarantine facilities"
] | 0A
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
The donkeys move the carts at the same speed. Which cart is pulled with a larger force?
|
[
"a cart holding 50 pounds",
"a cart holding 62 pounds"
] | 1B
|
natural science
|
scienceqa
|
My 8-year-old daughter is making an experiment. She has been making her own colorful smile cards and often takes them with her everywhere. Last Sunday, I took my kid to go shopping with me. She was hoping to see John, who is an elderly man and gives out samples. We see him from time to time and he is so happy and friendly. John wasn't at the store on Sunday, so my daughter decided that it would be a good idea to _ her smile cards to the store's other employees. So she did. In the produce department, she gave a card to a young man and she hoped it would make him smile. And he smiled at her and thanked her. Then she came across an older gentleman who looked rather impatient. And she snuck a card into his cart on top of his groceries, remarking to me later that he looked at her suspiciously as if she was dumping trash in his cart. But I thought he would be happy later. When we got back from our shopping trip, she had run out of cards. She was walking by a woman with two babies in her cart. My daughter smiled at her and the young mother smiled back. My daughter came to me and said excitedly, "Mom, I just realized something. You don't need cards to make someone smile. All you need to do is make eye contact and smile into their eyes and they will smile back." What a beautiful lesson my daughter reminded me of. You are never too young or too old to experiment with kindness and smiles. According to the text, John was a man _ .
|
[
"who is very young and lively",
"who may be a salesman",
"who is in trouble and needs smiles",
"who is never seen to smile"
] | 1B
|
human_sexuality
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Is the following trait inherited or acquired?
Cara has naturally brown hair.
|
[
"inherited",
"acquired"
] | 0A
|
natural science
|
scienceqa
|
Since the 1970s, scientists have been searching for ways to link the brain with computers.Brain-computer interface(BCI) technology could help people with disabilities send commands to machines. Recently, two researchers, Jose Millan and Michele Tavella from the Federal Polytechnic School in Lausanne, Switzerland, demonstrated a small robotic wheelchair directed by a person's thoughts. In the laboratory, Tavella operated the wheelchair just by thinking about moving his left or right hand.He could even talk as he watched the vehicle and guided it with his thoughts. "Our brain has billions of nerve cells.These send signals through the spinal cord to the muscles to give us the ability to move.But spinal cord injuries or other conditions can prevent these weak electrical signals from reaching the muscles," Tavella says."Our system allows disabled people to communicate with external world and also to control devices." The researchers designed a special cap for the user.This head cover picks up the signals from the scalp and sends them to a computer.The computer interprets the signals and commands the motorized wheelchair. The wheelchair also has two cameras that identify objects in its path.They help the computer react to commands from the brain. Prof.Millan, the team leader, says scientists keep improving the computer software that interprets brain signals and turns them into simple commands."The practical possibilities that BCI technology offers to disabled people can be grouped in two categories: communication, and controlling devices.One example is this wheelchair." He says his team has set two goals.One is testing with real patients, so as to prove that this is a technology they can benefit from.And the other is to guarantee that they can use the technology over long periods of time. Which of the following would be the best title for the text?
|
[
"Switzerland, the BCI Research Center",
"New Findings About How the Human Brain Works",
"BCI Could Mean More Freedom for the Disabled",
"Robotic Vehicles Could Help to Cure Brain Injuries"
] | 2C
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Island University has a competition for middle school students. Read about the competition on their website. School Competition Students! Here is your chance to help the physically disabled. Think out a robot or a machine to help them live better. There'll be three prizes. The winning schools each will get $ 15,000. Read the information below: What do you have to do? * Try to know problems faced by the physically disabled in Hong Kong. Write a 200-word article on the difficulties these people have to suffer each day. * Try to know modern inventions that help the physically disabled. Then think out a robot or a machine that will improve the lives of the physically disabled. Draw your invention. You can make as many drawings as you like to show your invention. You can even make a small model of your invention * Write a short description of your invention Who-can join? All middle school students in Hong Kong. So, come on! Join the competition, and get the chance! The aim of the activity is to _ .
|
[
"make the disabled know more about modern technology",
"remind people of the importance of caring for the disabled",
"encourage teenagers to use modern technology to help the disabled",
"help people learn how to help the disabled"
] | 2C
|
college_computer_science
|
mmlu_labeled
|
The coding sequences of genes are called:
|
[
"extrons.",
"exons.",
"introns.",
"codons."
] | 1B
|
clinical_knowledge
|
mmlu
|
According to Newton's third law, what other force must be happening?
|
[
"The gas pedal is pulling on Devon's foot.",
"The gas pedal is pushing on Devon's foot."
] | 1B
|
natural science
|
scienceqa
|
In a comparison of metals to nonmetals, metals tend to have
|
[
"lower melting points and greater conductivity than nonmetals.",
"lower conductivity and lower density than nonmetals.",
"higher density and lower melting points than nonmetals.",
"greater conductivity and higher melting points than nonmetals."
] | 3D
|
natural_science
|
ai2_arc_challenge
|
What is the mass of an apple?
|
[
"85 kilograms",
"85 grams"
] | 1B
|
natural science
|
scienceqa
|
Some people say that the best way to reduce the size of your waist is to do stomach exercise. Many people believe that when specific muscles are exercised, the fatty tissues in the immediate area are burned up. The truth is that exercise burns fat from all over the body and not from one specific area. Of course, if you reduce the fat throughout your body, you will certainly see results around your waist too. Some people believe that you need to exercise twice a week in order to keep a sufficient level of physical fitness. However, studies directed by American scientists show that unexercised muscles lose their strength very quickly. Within 48 to 72 hours, you must use the muscles again to reestablish the good physical effects. And what does that mean to you? American scientists concluded that while daily exercise is most helpful, exercising every other day or three days a week will keep a sufficient level of physical fitness. Is it true that you burn more calories running one mile than walking the same distance? The answer is no. The truth is that you use the same amount of energy whether you walk or run the mile, since in both cases you are moving the same weight the same distance. The speed does not matter. Of course, if you run rather than walk for 30 minutes, you will cover more distance, and therefore burn more calories. If your breathing doesn't return to normal within 5 minutes after you finish exercising, you have exercised too much. Five minutes or so after exercising, your breathing should be normal, your heart shouldn't be beating loudly, and you shouldn't be tired. If you want to reduce the fat around your waist, you should _ .
|
[
"do stomach exercise",
"exercise the waist",
"exercise all the muscles of your body",
"run fast for 30 minutes"
] | 2C
|
nutrition
|
mmlu_labeled
|
As skies are filled with millions of migrating birds, European scientists say the seasonal wonder appears to be strange: The fatter the bird, tile better it flies. The results of their study led to a theory opposite to a central one of aerodynamics , which says that the power needed to fly increases with weight. For birds, obviously, the cost of flying with heavy fat is much smaller than we used to think. Researchers found that red knot wading birds double their normal body weight of 100 grams before making their twice-a-year nonstop flight between the British Isles and the Russian Arctic. Distance: 5,000 kilometers. Another study in the magazine Nature measured the advantage of flying in an aerodynamic group which allows birds to save energy by flying smoothly and quietly in the lead bird' s air stream. Flying in groups, their heart rates were 14.5 percent lower than flying alone, according to Henri, a French scientist. The findings help explain how birds complete difficult migrations. Researchers had thought that thinner, stronger birds would have the best chance to survive. The first study suggests that building up fat to be burnt as fuel during the migration is worth more than the energy it takes to carry the additional weight. In the study, researchers said their team studied the birds flown at different body weights during 28 simulated flights. They forced a small amount of special water into the birds' bodies so that they could measure the amount of energy burnt during the flight. A red knot wading bird of 100 grams will probably weigh _ before making its nonstop migrating flight.
|
[
"50 grams",
"100 grams",
"150 grams",
"200 grams"
] | 3D
|
college_biology
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Which is an example of water condensing?
|
[
"A puddle disappearing on a hot summer afternoon",
"Sweat forming on your forehead after you do a lot of exercise",
"Ice cubes melting when you put them out in the sun",
"Dew forming on plants during a cold night"
] | 3D
|
high_school_physics
|
mmlu_labeled
|
A gene mutates in a type of bacteria. When these bacteria reproduce asexually, this mutation can only be inherited by
|
[
"different types of bacteria.",
"cells in the bacteria that are non-reproductive.",
"bacteria cells that are missing the gene.",
"direct descendants of the bacteria."
] | 3D
|
natural_science
|
ai2_arc_challenge
|
Lucy and her classmates are discussing about creating a homepage for their class. Lucy: What should we put on our class homepage? Jane: I think our class homepage should have daily or weekly news of class activities. Mathew: What kind of class activities? Jane: Something like spring outings, class meetings, a school singing competition, etc. Mathew: We will go for a spring outing next week, won't we? I can write something about it. Lucy: Great! What else should our class homepage have? Mathew: Um... How about photos of students' artwork, presentations, and outdoor activities? Lucy: Good idea! But who will take the photos? Mathew: As I am a fan of photography, I can take the photos. Jane: I've got an idea. As parents always want to know what assignments their kids do in and after class, we can also post our weekly agenda , including in-class assignments and homework assignments, on the homepage. Lucy: And I think I can create a "reading corner" on the class homepage, too. As I am a bookworm, I can recommend good books to our classmates. Jane: Great! Let's get down to work! _ can recommend good books to the classmates.
|
[
"Lucy",
"Mathew",
"Jane",
"No one"
] | 0A
|
high_school_computer_science
|
mmlu_labeled
|
What information supports the conclusion that Damon inherited this trait?
|
[
"Damon likes to wear a blue sweater to match his blue eyes.",
"Damon's mother has blue eyes. She passed this trait down to Damon."
] | 1B
|
natural science
|
scienceqa
|
Around 200 million years ago, the earth was 18 degrees warmer than it is now. That might be a bit hot for humans, but it was just right for the giant dinosaurs that wandered about the earth during the Mesozoic era. A new study found that planteating dinosaurs may have contributed to the warming of the earthby releasing significant amounts of methane . The study, published in science journal Current Biology, focused on sauropods, longnecked herbivores that munched on the top of trees. They were the largest of the dinosaurs; food broke down in their stomachs for long periods of time. The researchers estimate that a sauropoda released 2,675 liters of methane per day--adding up to a large amount of the greenhouse gas being pumped from dinosaur's gut into the atmosphere. Plant eaters naturally release methane as part of their digestive process. The larger the animal, the more methane it produces. Methane, a greenhouse gas, traps heat and remains in the atmosphere for approximately 915 years, which warms the atmosphere. Today, some animals, such as cattle, goats and sheep, produce large amounts of methane as a byproduct to their food digestion. Methane is also released from human--influenced sources such as landfill, agricultural activities, coal mining and other industrial practices--which all contribute to today's climate change, according to the Environmental Protection Agency. The researchers estimate that earth's sauropods would have produced about 520 million tons of methane per year--similar to the total amount of methane produced today by natural and manmade sources. However, the researchers warn that their numbers are estimates based on multiple assumptions about the digestive systems and populations of dinosaurs. The author of the study David Wilkinson says the emission of methane from dinosaurs would have been just one of the causes of warm climate during the Mesozoic era. Other causes include gases produced from volcanoes, swamps, shallow seas and so on. Still, Wilkinson says," The amount of methane from dinosaurs is large enough to have a measurable effect." David Wilkinson seems to believe that _ .
|
[
"methane had little effects on the earth",
"many other factors contributed to warm climate",
"other causes for warm climate were worth considering",
"dinosaurs were mainly to blame for global warming"
] | 1B
|
college_biology
|
mmlu_labeled
|
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