question
stringlengths 4
6.54k
| choices
listlengths 2
5
| answer
class label 4
classes | subject
stringclasses 32
values | dataset
stringclasses 4
values |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Which is smoother?
|
[
"glass cup",
"concrete sidewalk"
] | 0A
|
natural science
|
scienceqa
|
The University of Wales, Bangor has been rated the top university in the UK for the help and support provided for students by theTimes Higher Education Supplement.We want to make sure all our students are happy and that they enjoy their time here in Bangor. We realize that you may need some support during your time here to solve some personal problems or difficulties. Our Student Services Centre and the Students' Union can offer the following: * An advice service that is free and confidential. * You'll have a personal teacher in your department. * A Peer Guide will welcome you to Bangor during your first week and answer any question you might have. * Student Services and Security are on call during the day and there is a warden on call at evenings and weekends at all our halls of residence. * Personal support and advice on a variety of problems through the Students' Union Welfare Advice Centre. * Nightline, a confidential support service run during the night by students for students. * A team of staff volunteers are available to deal with any serious incident which happens outside normal university hours. * Health care in daily surgeries where you don't need an appointment. You will need to register with a local General Practitioner . We also have a nurse who can make visits to your place when necessary. * An adviser for international students. * A room where local postgraduate students who live at home and travel to the university each day, can spend their free time. The university welcomes applications from disabled students and aims to provide equal opportunities for all. For more information please see our Student Services pages. The passage is mainly about _ at the University of Wales, Bangor.
|
[
"health service and welfare",
"education and training",
"the student service organizations",
"the daily life of students"
] | 0A
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
What is the mass of a school bus?
|
[
"12 ounces",
"12 tons",
"12 pounds"
] | 1B
|
natural science
|
scienceqa
|
Katy Marsh is seventy years old now. She stopped working five years ago. Last year she decided to make her dream come true. When she was young, she hoped to travel along a river of Scotland in a small boat. She took her small CD player, her hot water bottle and a bag of books to make her life in the boat wasn't too uncomfortable. We asked her if she was afraid of being on the river for so long. She said, "Well, I'm going to take a good _ . When I'm losing my way during my trip, it can help me a lot. Anyway I'm not afraid of death because I love rivers-I just hope it loves me too. " Katy certainly had lots of energy . In her free time, she enjoyed playing the piano, swimming, hiking, and dancing. She had a wonderful trip in the small boat last year. She is seventy, but she doesn't want to have a quiet and peaceful life. She hopes to have fun in the rest of her life. Katy Marsh stopped working at the age of _ .
|
[
"60",
"65",
"69",
"70"
] | 1B
|
human_aging
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Complete the statement. Assume that the mole's mass did not change.
The gravitational potential energy stored between the mole and Earth () as the mole dug toward the surface.
|
[
"increased",
"stayed the same",
"decreased"
] | 0A
|
natural science
|
scienceqa
|
Who owns the large American companies that produce cars, washing machines, and television sets? They are owned by a large group of people called stockholders. A company must have money to build factories and to buy machinery. To get this money, it sells shares of stock . Each share of stock is a share in the ownership of the company. The person who buys a share of stock becomes a part owner of the company. He is called a stockholder. A company can have thousands of stockholders. Sometimes a very large company is owned by millions of stockholders. Few persons can afford to buy a whole company, but the average individual can become part owner of a business. He can save his dollars and buy a share of stock in a large company. A person does not have to be wealthy to be a stockholder. When a company makes money, each stockholder may receive a dividend check, which is his share of the profits . Parts of a company's profits are not paid out to the stockholders. This money is used by the company so it can grow larger. If the company does well, its shares of stock become more valuable. More than 20 million people own shares of stock in America's companies. By owning stock, they are helping America's businesses grow. They are also putting their money to work to earn more money. Why do companies keep part of their profits?
|
[
"They want to buy the shares of stock, too.",
"They cannot find all the names of their stockholders.",
"They use the money to help the company grow larger.",
"They think they have sent their stockholders enough money."
] | 2C
|
high_school_microeconomics
|
mmlu_labeled
|
When carbon and oxygen combine chemically, the mass of the product is
|
[
"greater than the mass of the carbon plus the mass of the oxygen",
"equal to the mass of the carbon plus the mass of the oxygen",
"equal to the mass of the carbon",
"less than the mass of the carbon"
] | 1B
|
college_chemistry
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Life is filled with challenges. As we get older, we come to realize that those challenges are the very things that shape us and make us who we are. It is the same with the challenges that come with friendship. When we are faced with a challenge, we usually have two choices. We can try to beat it off, or we can decide that the thing presenting the challenge isn't worth the trouble and call it quits. Although there are certainly times when calling it quits is the right thing to do, in most cases all that is needed is commitment and communication. When we are committed to something, it means that no matter how painful or how uncomfortable something is, we will always choose to face it through instead of running away from it. Communication is making a space for discussion and talking about how you feel as opposed to just saying what the other person did wrong. If you can say to a friend, "I got my feelings hurt", rather than "You hurt my feelings", you are going to be able to solve the problem much faster. In dealing with many challenges that friendship will bring to you, try to see them for what they are: small hurdles you need to jump or get through on your way through life. Nothing is so big that it is impossible to get over, and hurt only serves to make us stronger. It is all part of growing up, it happens to everyone, and some day you will look back on all of this and say, "Hard as it was, it made me who I am today. And that is a good thing." If your friend hurts your feelings, you are advised to _ .
|
[
"point out your friend's mistake",
"calm yourself down",
"start a proper conversation",
"run away from it"
] | 2C
|
human_sexuality
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Why do plants grow in some places and not in others? Why does some land have so much growing on it, while other land has almost no plants growing on it at all? To grow, plants need several things. One is warmth. In very cold places almost nothing grows. Plants also need water. In very dry parts of the Earth only a few unusual plants can grow. That's why dry deserts everywhere are almost not covered by trees or grass. Plants must also have a place in which to put down their roots and grow. They find it difficult to grow on hard land. The town is built on hard land. The plants here have only the soil found between the _ cracks of the stones to grow in. Another thing plants must have before they can grow is food. What will happen if we try to make things grow on the sandy beach? A few plants, such as beach grass, will grow in sand, but most plants won't. Even if the weather is warm enough and we water the plants each day, many of them will die because the sand on this beach has almost no food for plants. From the passage, we can know it is _ for plants to grow in dry places.
|
[
"easy",
"difficult",
"impossible",
"important"
] | 1B
|
college_biology
|
mmlu_labeled
|
How long is a sunflower seed?
|
[
"10 meters",
"10 centimeters",
"10 kilometers",
"10 millimeters"
] | 3D
|
natural science
|
scienceqa
|
Who are the elders in your family? The most common answer is that they are your parents, grandparents, uncles, aunts, and elder cousins ------in a word, any who is older than you. But that doesn't really answer the question, does it? In a normal family, there is a big difference between being elderly and being an elder. Elders are the storytellers, the cooks, the historians, the authorities, the knitters, and the workhorses. They are the people we respect and turn to for answers or help when we are in trouble, because of their many years of life experience. Most of all, they are the people who raised you and your loved ones and helped you growing into the people you are. For many years, they carried the burden of caring for your family and leading it to better times. Now it's your turn to dote on them. Ensuring the welfare of your elders should come as naturally to us as raising our children. Unfortunately, too many people take their parents' and grandparents' ability to care for them for granted. And in a country where so many of us live hundreds of miles from our families, looking after loved ones can be difficult. Even so, you should make sure your loved ones are taken care of no matter where they live, and try to look after the seniors living alone in your neighbor, too. Taking responsibility for the elders in our society in an important thing that all citizens should do. The passage was written to_.
|
[
"explain what elders are like",
"criticize those people who don't respect elders",
"Explain why we should love elders",
"Call on people to respect and love elders"
] | 3D
|
human_sexuality
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Scientists have devised a way to determine roughly where a person has lived using a strand ( ) of hair, a technique that could help track the movements of criminal suspects or unidentified murder victims. The method relies on measuring how chemical variations in drinking water show up in people's hair. "You're what you eat and drink, and that's recorded in your hair," said Thure Cerling, a geologist at the University of Utah. While U.S. diet is ly identical, water supplies vary. The differences result from weather patterns. The chemical composition of rainfall changes slightly as rain clouds move. Most hydrogen and oxygen atoms in water are stable, but traces of both elements are also present as heavier isotopes ( ). The heaviest rain falls first. As a result, storms that form over the Pacific deliver heavier water to California than to Utah. Similar patterns exist throughout the U.S. By measuring the proportion of heavier hydrogen and oxygen isotopes along a strand of hair, scientists can construct a geographic timeline. Each inch of hair corresponds to about two months. Cerling's team collected tap water samples from 600 cities and constructed a map of the regional difference. They checked the accuracy of the map by testing 200 hair samples collected from 65 barber shops. They were able to accurately place the hair samples in broad region roughly corresponding to the movement of rain systems. "It's not good for pinpointing ( )," Cerling said. "It's good for eliminating many possibilities." Todd Park, a local detective, said the method has helped him learn more about an unidentified woman whose skeleton was found near Great Salt Lake. The woman was 5 feet tall. Police recovered 26 bones, a T-shirt and several strands of hair. When Park heard about the research, he gave the hair samples to the researches. Chemical testing showed that over the two years before her death, she moved about every two months. She stayed in the Northwest, although the test could not be more specific than somewhere between eastern Oregon and western Wyoming. "It's still a substantial area," Park said, "But it narrows its way down for me." What did Cerling's team produce in their research?
|
[
"A map showing the regional difference of tap water.",
"A collection of hair samples from various barber shops.",
"A method to measure the amount of water in human hair.",
"A chart illustrating the movement of the rain system."
] | 0A
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Kelly Christopher, a student at Lutheran High School in California, US, loves oranges. One day last week, she used a pole to pick oranges off trees and collect them in baskets. It's the first time in her 15 years she's picked fruit from trees. "This is quite different from buying oranges in the supermarket," said Christopher. "Every time I eat an orange, I'll remember this experience." Christopher was one of the 30 student volunteers at Soil Born Farms. She volunteered as part of a project which was set up in 2009 to help homeowners in South Land Park pick oranges and other fruits out of their backyards. Before, the fruit would rot on the ground or get eaten by animals. Now the fruit is donated to those who need it. "It is good for many people", said Randy Stannard, who works for the project. "The homeowner gets fruit picked and more people can have healthy food." "Two harvests ( ) were organized in 2009 and volunteers picked 3,000 pounds (1,360kg) of fruit", Stannard said. In 2010, the number was 20,000. This year, Soil Born Farms hopes to get 40,000 pounds. They will harvest every weekend from January to April. Shannon Galloway, Christopher's science teacher, brought her students into the project this year. "You're making use of a _ that might be wasted," she said. "I think it's meaningful to everyone." Donato Frazier, 15, always climbs up a ladder and gets on the top of the tree. "Standing on the treetop is pretty cool," Frazier said. "I can see clearly that many baskets are filled up, and even see that many people are eating healthy fruit because of our volunteer work." How do the students feel about their work?
|
[
"It's interesting and easy.",
"It's meaningless and hard.",
"It's meaningful and exciting.",
"It's tiring and boring."
] | 2C
|
nutrition
|
mmlu_labeled
|
American black bears appear in a variety of colors despite their name. In the eastern part of their range , most of these bears have shiny black fur, but in the west they grow brown, red or even yellow coats. To the north, the black bear is actually gray or white. Even in the same litter , both brown and black furred bears may be born. Black bears are the smallest of all American bears, ranging in length from 5 to 6 feet, weighing from 300 to 500 pounds. Their eyes and ears are small and their eyesight and hearing are not as good as their sense of smell. Like all bears, the black bear is shy, clumsy and rarely dangerous. However, if cornered, the black bear can become a fearful enemy. Black bears feed on leaves, roots, fruit, insects, fish and even larger animals. One of the most interesting characteristics of bears, including the black bear, is their winter sleep. Unlike many other animals, bears do not actually hibernate . Although the bear does not eat during the winter months, its temperature remains almost normal, and it breathes regularly four or five times per minute. Most black bears live alone, except during the mating season . A litter of one to four cubs is born in January or February and they remain with their mother until they are fully grown or about one and a half years old. Black bears can live as long as thirty years in the wild, and even longer in game preserves set aside for them. What do we know about the fur color of American black bears?[]
|
[
"Most of them have black fur.",
"Their fur color depends on their living range.",
"They change their fur color throughout their life.",
"They are always of the same fur color as their brothers."
] | 1B
|
college_biology
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Looking almost as fresh as the day it was bought, this McDonald's Happy Meal is in fact a staggering six months old. Photographed every day for the past half a year by Manhattan artist Sally Davies, the kids meal of fries and burger shows no sign of mould or decomposition . In a work named The Happy Meal Project, Mrs. Davies, 54, tries to provide evidences that McDonald's food really is the worst you can put in your body. Sitting on a shelf in her apartment, Sally has watched the Happy Meal with increasing shock and even her dogs have resisted the urge to try and steal a free tasty snack. "I bought the meal on April 10 of this year and brought it home with the intention of leaving it out to see how it changed," she said. "I chose McDonald's because it was nearest to my house. The first thing that struck me on day two of the experiment was that it no longer gave out any smell. And then the second point of note was that on the second day, my dogs stopped circling the shelf it was sitting on trying to see what was up there." Expecting the food to begin moulding after a few days, Mrs Davies' surprise turned to shock as the fries and burger still had not shown any signs of decomposition after two weeks. "It was then that I realised that something strange might be going on with this food that I had bought," she explained. "The overall appearance of the food did not change as the weeks turned to months. And now, at six months old, the food is plastic to the touch. The only change that I can see is that it has become hard as a rock." As a strict vegetarian, Mrs. Davies' experiment has brought her amusement rather than fear. "Maybe I would be frightened at seeing this if I was a meat eater. Why hasn't even the bread become with mould? It is strange. Sally Davies had thought the meal she bought would _ .
|
[
"be covered with mould",
"be eaten by her dogs",
"turn into plastic",
"became tasteless"
] | 0A
|
nutrition
|
mmlu_labeled
|
In Britain,it's bottoms up from the week before Christmas till the last firework explodes in the sky announcing the new year,.The last Friday before Christmas popularly known as'Mad Friday'--is one of the busiest periods for the country's pubs and clubs. But it's not just the bars that get busy.Ambulances and A&E departments around Britain get packed out too.Head injuries,,cuts,falls...it's easy to end up hurting yourself or others when self-control disappear and your head is spinning due to alcoho1.Revelers have been warned by the health authorities about the dangers of deadly drinking but drinking crazily seems to be part of the festivities for some. The charity Alcohol Concern is running a campaign of restriction by encouraging people to have a dry January. Jackie Ballard,the charity's Chief Executive,believes the campaign has been successful in recent years.She says:"More than two-thirds of people even six months later are drinking at reduced levels having had a month off drink.But also a study has shown the impact it has on people's health reducing their blood pressure and blood sugar levels." The study by the University of Sussex followed up nearly 900 participants in Alcohol Concern's Dry January campaign and found out that 72%of them had kept harmful drinking sessions down and 4%were still not drinking. Moderation seems to be the key to everything.The official recommendation for women is not to regularly drink more than 2 to 3 units of alcohol a day.The limit for men is 3 to 4 units of alcohol--no more than a pint of 5.2%ABV lager,beer or cider. What is the official suggestion of drinking alcohol?
|
[
"Women shouldn't drink any alcoho1.",
"People should stay away from alcoho1.",
"Men may drink 3 to 4 units of alcohol at least.",
"Moderate alcohol drinking can be accepted."
] | 3D
|
nutrition
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Using only these supplies, which question can Steve investigate with an experiment?
|
[
"Is the pet lizard more active when its tank is heated with one heating lamp or with two heating lamps?",
"Is the pet lizard more active when it is fed crickets or mealworms?",
"Is the pet lizard more active when it is fed insects or lettuce?"
] | 1B
|
natural science
|
scienceqa
|
For some people, music is no fun at all. About 4% of the population is what scientists call "amusic". People who are amusic are born without the ability to enjoy musical notes. Amusic people often cannot tell the differences between two songs. As a result, songs sound like noise to an amusic. Many amuics compare the sound of music to pieces of metal hitting each other. Life can be hard for amusics. In fact, most people cannot begin to understand what it feels like to be an amusic. Just going to a restaurant or a shopping center can be uncomfortable or even painful. That is why many amusics have to stay away from places where there is music. However, this can result in social loneliness. "I used to hate parties," says Margaret, a seventy-year-old woman who only recently discovered that she was amusic. By studying people like Margaret, scientists are finally learning how to identify this unusual condition. Scientists say that the brains of amusics are different from those of people who can enjoy music. The difference is complex , and it is not connected with poor hearing. Amusics can understand other non-musical sounds well. They also have no problems understanding common speech. Scientists compare amusics to people who just can't see certain colors. Many amusics are happy when their condition is finally diagnosed . For years, Margaret felt embarrassed about her problem music. Now she knows that she is not alone. That makes it easier for her to explain. When people invite me to a concert, I just say "No, thanks. I'm amusic." says Margret. How old is Margaret?
|
[
"40 years old.",
"50 years old.",
"60 years old.",
"70 years old."
] | 3D
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Fruit salad is a delicious dessert and you can make it in less than ten minutes. What's more, you can enjoy it without becoming fatter. Fruit salad can also be a great dish at a party, or the wonderful snacks during any time of a day. If you want to know how to make fruit salad, just follow the steps. Things you need 1 cup of strawberries 1 cup of cherries 1/2 red apple 1/2 peach 1 pear 2 spoons of juice Steps 1. choose your fruits 2. wash all of your fruits 3. cut the strawberries, cherries, red apple, peach, and pear into small pieces 4. put 2 spoons of juice in a bowl 5. put all the fruits in the bowl 6. serve and eat The passage mainly tells us _ .
|
[
"fruit salad is very delicious",
"people should eat fruit salad more",
"how to make fruit salad",
"when we can make fruit salad"
] | 2C
|
nutrition
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Texting long messages can be a pain in the neck. The repetitive action of working your fingers across the keyboard of your cell phone can cause some of the same chronic pain problems previously limited to those who'd spent a lifetime typing. The possible connection is particularly worrying considering how much teens and young adults -- and increasingly those in professional settings -- are texting nowadays, said Judith Gold, who carried out one of the first studies on the potential connection. Text messaging is a fairly new technology, Gold says, so this is a new area of research for those who study ergonomics . But "considering the similarities in body position, findings from research on overuse injuries from computers could be applicable" to texting. "The way the body is positioned for texting - fixed shoulders and back with rapidly moving fingers - is similar to the position for typing on a computer," Gold explained. Previous research has found pain in the elbow connected with too much thumb texting. To look for a broader link between texting and chronic pain, Gold and her colleagues sent a questionnaire to 138 college students, asking them to report the number of text messages they sent per day (in four categories: 0, 1-10, 11-20, 21+ messages) and to point out any discomfort they felt on a body map. The research showed an association between the number of text messages sent per day and shoulder discomfort. The effect seemed to be particularly pronounced in males, though Gold says she doesn't know why that would be. "What we've seen so far is very similar to what we see with office workers who've spent most of their time at a computer," Gold said. However, Gold's study did not take account of the amount of time the people surveyed also spent typing on computers, which could be affecting the results. It can be inferred from the passage that _ .
|
[
"the study was the first one carried out by Gold",
"one positions oneself differently from computer-users when texting",
"the amount of computer-use time was calculated in the survey",
"the result of the survey was not 100% convincing"
] | 3D
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
A healthy amount of sunshine may be the secret to staying young. British scientists have discovered. Vitamin D is produced naturally by the skin in response to(...) sunlight and may help to slow the ageing process and protect against heart disease, according to the study. Researchers from King's College London studied 2,160 women aged between 18 and 79, looking at their telomeres--- a biological marker of ageing found in DNA. As people get older, their telomeres get shorter and they become more susceptible to certain illnesses. But the study found women with high levels of vitamin D had comparatively longer telomeres--- a sign of being biologically younger and healthier. The study suggests vitamin D may help to slow down the ageing process of DNA, and therefore the ageing process as a whole. Lead researcher Dr Brent Richards said, "These results are exciting because they show for the first time that people who have higher levels of vitamin D may age more slowly than people with lower levels of vitamin D." This could help to explain how vitamin D has a protective effect on many ageing related diseases, such as heart disease and cancer." Professor Tim Spector, a co-author of the report, added, "Although it might sound absurd , it's possible that the same sunshine which may increase our risk of skin cancer may also have a healthy effect on the general ageing process." Vitamin D made by the action of sunlight on the skin accounts for 90 percent of the body's supply, but lower levels can also be got through food such as fish, eggs and breakfast cereals . Other studies have suggested the vitamin plays a key role in protecting against cancer and heart disease. From Brent Richards, we know that _ .
|
[
"sunlight causes skin cancer to people with high level of vitamin D",
"the study generally has a healthy effect on the general ageing process",
"vitamin D can only be got from fish, eggs and breakfast cereals",
"the higher levels of vitamin D people have, the more slowly people may age"
] | 3D
|
nutrition
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Based on this information, what is this common carp's genotype for the scale type gene?
|
[
"normal scales",
"Aa"
] | 1B
|
natural science
|
scienceqa
|
On Earth, water can be a solid, a liquid, or a gas. Which energy source has the greatest influence on the state of matter of water?
|
[
"the sun",
"the wind",
"ocean currents",
"the metal core"
] | 0A
|
natural_science
|
ai2_arc_challenge
|
Who wants to carry a _ bag to school? No children. Nobody wants one shoulder to be lower than the other, and paining too. In India, most of us would look at the reduction of textbooks as a way out. But in a country like America, there are always more choices. A company called Goreader has created a "school bag" which is the size of a laptop computer, weighing about 2.5kg. The Goreader has a colour screen and can "hold" all the textbooks that a student may need, says a report in "The Asian Age" newspaper. The company plans to work closely with the publishers of test books so that these books can be supplied on the Internet. All the students will have to download their textbooks. Making notes and marking important parts of a lesson can be done just as lots of students have done on their textbooks before. At present, the plan is being tested out in a university. Richard Katzmann, the owner of the company is having his creation tested at Chicago's DePaul University, where he studied. Does that mean it is goodbye to the newspaper, and the smell of the black ink? When the new machine is used, it is possible that _ .
|
[
"students might study harder",
"students might study at home",
"students might not need teachers",
"students might study without paper textbooks"
] | 3D
|
college_computer_science
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Do you feel like sleeping after lunch? What should you do about it? Don't drink coffee or tea! Instead, take a nap .A nap may make you more energetic . You will remember things better and make fewer mistakes. Also, you can learn things more easily after taking a nap. It may even cheer you up. But there is some advice you should follow about taking a nap. First, take a nap in the middle of the day, about eight hours after you wake up. Next, a 20-minute nap is good. If you sleep longer, you may fall into a deep sleep. After a deep sleep, you will feel worse. And you should set an alarm clock. Then you can fully relax during your nap. You won't have to keep looking at the clock.2*1*c*n*j*y The next time you feel like sleeping after lunch, don't get worried. Put your head down, close your eyes and take a nap. What is the text mainly about?
|
[
"Why and how to take a nap.",
"Advice on how to sleep well.",
"How to make your life colorful.",
"How to relax yourself."
] | 0A
|
nutrition
|
mmlu_labeled
|
What is the mass of a floor lamp?
|
[
"5 kilograms",
"5 grams"
] | 0A
|
natural science
|
scienceqa
|
When Rikke Dausen in prefix = st1 /Denmarkgoes to get some milk from the fridge, she has trouble getting past the refrigerator door. But it's not because of any physical obstruction. It's usually because the PC monitor in her refrigerator's door has informed her that a new email message has arrived. Rikke and her husband are taking part in a six-month trial sponsored by a Danish firm and two Swedish partners. They hope to show that computers can be put to much more practical daily use than most people think. Fifty families and singles were provided with a free model known as the "Screenfridge" for the duration of trial. "It's really very clever", says Rikke. She can call up email, news reports, sales items at the supermarket or addressed out of the endless ocean Internet possibilities. "I'm not the type who wants to sit in front of the computer and wait 10 minutes for the modem to connect," she says. The creators of the Screenfridge aim at this type of buyer. They think the machine should attract people who have limited time to solve technical problems or surf online. The PC that is built into the door is very small. It is only two centimeters wide, and completely silent. "Everything moves quickly", as Rikke admits. "Well, the whole thing is really just an amusement", she says. "But when the thing is gone after the test, it will be pain to have to go down in the basement again to download my email". The Screenfridge is due to hit the market sometime next year. It can be learned from what Rikke says at the end of the passage that _ .
|
[
"she is not satisfied with the Screenfridge",
"she wishes she could continue to use the Screenfridge",
"she is sorry she has to download her email in the basement",
"she doubts whether she can really depend on the Screenfridge"
] | 1B
|
computer_security
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Children, especially boys, tend to idealise their fathers when they are young.Every little boy wants to grow up to be just like his father, and every little girl thinks her father is the smartest man on the earth. It's not very easy to be a good father, but it's not that difficult either. Children will truly enjoy spending time with their fathers, not just when they are kids, but even when they are adults. Not all children communicate well with their fathers. Communication is often left to mothers, while fathers dispense advice as and when necessary. Don't expect all conversations to centre around the dinner table. Go to your children's bedrooms and talk to them about school, their teachers or their friends. Remember that the conversation cannot be one-sided. When your children open up to you, you also need to open up to them. If your children come home from school feeling upset, go up to them and ask them what is the matter. And if it is something which seems to you to be a silly reason to be upset, don't voice your opinion. It may be silly to you, but to your children it is important enough. So don't wave the topic away by telling them not to bother about such stupid things. Simply discussing their problems with them will help them feel better. Don't shy away from having discussions about your teenage children's love lives. Generally speaking, your children are definitely not going to discuss _ details with you. Try to let them know that you are relaxed about topics on love. Tell your children how you met your wife. It is perfectly normal for children to go through feelings for the opposite sex as they grow up, and by keeping the topic closed for discussion, you are only shutting them off from discussing their feelings with you. All they will do is turn to their friends. Suppose your children are worried about something you should _ .
|
[
"have a talk with them",
"express your option",
"keep silent",
"let them alone"
] | 0A
|
human_sexuality
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Almost every day, we discuss the topic of health, especially for kids. But what is health? "Health" means eating well, getting enough exercise, and having a healthy weight. Let's read the following rules. They can help you stay healthy. 1 Eat _ foods, especially fruit and vegetables. We all know that eating fruit and vegetables can help us stay healthy, but many of us only eat our favorite foods. Remember that we can only get the nutrition we need by eating different kinds of food, especially fruit and vegetables. 2 Drink water and milk most often. Everyone knows that water is important. Besides that, kids need plenty of calcium to grow strong bones, and milk has a lot of it. Every day, you should drink at least three cups of milk (1300 milligrams of calcium), when you are 9 years old or older. You should also try to have less sugary drinks, like soda and coca. They include a lot of sugar. Sugar just includes calories, not important nutrition. 3 Listen to your body. When you are eating, notice how your body feels. When your stomach feels comfortably full, stop eating. Eating too much makes you feel uncomfortable. If you do it too often, it can make you unhealthy and fat. 4 Limit screen time. What's screen time? It's the amount of time you spend watching TV, movies, and playing computer games. The more time you spend on these sitting-down activities, the less time you spend playing sports, like basketball, and doing other activities like bike riding and swimming. Try to spend no more than 2 hours a day on screen time. What's the main idea of the passage?
|
[
"How to eat healthily.",
"Eating and playing are both important.",
"Advice for staying healthy.",
"Health is very important."
] | 2C
|
nutrition
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Scientists have categorized trees based on whether they keep or lose their leaves each year. Another logical way to categorize trees is based on the
|
[
"types of nutrients needed to grow.",
"amount of oxygen that is released into the air.",
"color of leaves that are produced.",
"type of fruit that is produced."
] | 3D
|
college_biology
|
mmlu_labeled
|
How to apply for a free mailbox ? First you have to connect to the Internet and go to the homepage of the ICP providing free mailboxes. Then you will find an icon , an agreement about the rules for using the free mailbox will appear. If you want to go, click the icon "I agree". Then you have to fill in a form about your basic personal data, and the name and PIN of the mailbox. The PIN is the key to the mailbox. After finishing these, you will get a mailbox like this:your name @ mail server (for example:[email protected]. "tvguide" is the name of the mailbox, and "mail.cctv.com.cn" is the name of the mail server.). The mailbox is separated into two parts by a separator "@", which is read as "at". The former part is the name of the mailbox. The latter is the domain name of the mail server. All mails to you will be received by the server and put into your mailbox. You can read these mails on any computer on the Internet in the world, if you have the name and PIN of the mailbox. The writer mainly wants to tell us how to _ in this passage.
|
[
"send a letter by e-mail",
"read the e-mail on computers in the world",
"get a free mailbox",
"find out one's e-mail address"
] | 2C
|
computer_security
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Men have always believed that they are smarter than women. Now, a study has found that while this is certainly true, men also have to deal with the fact that they are also more stupid than the fairer sex. In the study, scientists measured the IQ of 2500 brothers and sisters and they found an uneven number of men not only in the top two percent, but also in the bottom two percent. The study's participants were tested on science, maths, English and mechanical abilities. Though there were twice as many men as women in the smartest group, there were also twice as many men among the foolish. The total scores of men and women were similar. One of the study's authors, psychology professor Timothy Bates, said that the phenomenon may be because men have always been expected to be high achievers and women have been restricted to spend more time taking care of their home. "The female developmental program may be tilted more towards ensuring survival and the safety of the middle ground."the Daily Mail quoted Professor Bates, of Edinburgh University, as saying. The research agrees with past results that men were more likely than women to receive first class University degrees or thirds and women secured the seconds. It has been said that men are more ready to take a risk when it comes to academics. While women have always been found to be steadier in their learning. A past study has shown that women are securing more firsts and seconds, while men are continuing to receive more thirds. The argument for the change is that the increase of coursework at the cost of exams favors women's steady approach. The reason for the change that women are securing more firsts and seconds is that.
|
[
"More women are growing like men",
".higher expectation is given to more women",
"Women's steady approach is more suitable for the exams",
"More women have the chance to receive first class university"
] | 2C
|
human_sexuality
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Can animals do work for us? Some scientists think that animals may do a lot of jobs. They say that we may see many elephants, monkeys, dogs, bears and other animals do a lot of things. Animals can get something to eat if they do some work for people. Some scientists say that many different animals may do lots of jobs if they know they will get something to eat. Of course, dogs can guard a house, and elephants can do some heavy jobs. And we can also teach animals to work in factories. In America apes can help people make cars. Scientists believe that these big monkeys may drive cars. What jobs can elephants do?
|
[
"Doing heavy jobs.",
"Guarding a house",
"Making cars",
"Driving cars"
] | 0A
|
anatomy
|
mmlu_labeled
|
When droplets freeze as they assail from high above they become
|
[
"hurricane",
"sleet",
"tornadoes",
"drizzle"
] | 1B
|
high_school_physics
|
mmlu_labeled
|
A male fruit fly is homozygous dominant for gray-body color (G) and is crossed with a female fruit fly that is homozygous recessive for ebony-body color (g). What are the probable phenotypes of the offspring?
|
[
"25% gray, 75% ebony",
"50% gray, 50% ebony",
"100% ebony",
"100% gray"
] | 3D
|
college_biology
|
mmlu_labeled
|
What would you likely notice the taste of?
|
[
"ice",
"tropical twist",
"water",
"air"
] | 1B
|
nutrition
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Dear Abby, I'm a helpless mother.My son Tom is 15 years old.I find that the older he grows,the less we talk.I feel very sad and I really need help. My first problem is about his hobbies.He spends almost all his spare time on computer games.When he gets home.he always turns on the computer and closes the door.I'm getting worried about him,especially when his English teacher tells me he always gets low marks in the English exams. Second,he likes new technology,but I don't have enough money and I can't afford all the things he wants. Recently,I've found that he is always alone.I've never seen him talking to his friends on the phone or going out with anyone on weekends.That is the last problem I have. What should I do to help him?Please give me some advice. A helpless mother The helpless mother has _ problems.
|
[
"two",
"three",
"four",
"five"
] | 1B
|
human_sexuality
|
mmlu_labeled
|
How long is a long-distance running race?
|
[
"39 meters",
"39 kilometers",
"39 centimeters",
"39 millimeters"
] | 1B
|
natural science
|
scienceqa
|
Visit the Forest Zoo. Come and see the Indian elephants and the new tigers from Northeast of China. The beautiful birds from England are ready to sing songs for you, and the monkeys from Mount Emei will be happy to talk to you. The lovely dogs from Australia want to laugh at you. Sichuan pandas will play balls for you. The giraffes from Africa are waiting to look down on you. Tickets Opening time Grown-ups: Y=3 9:00a.m.--4:00p.m. Children: Over 1.4m: Y=2 except Friday Under 1.4m: Free 10:00a.m.--3:00p.m. Keep the zoo clean! Do not touch, give food or go near to the animals. From the passage we can infer a giraffe must be a very _ animal.
|
[
"fat",
"short",
"Strong",
"tall"
] | 3D
|
anatomy
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Ashok Gadgil has spent the past three decades helping people in need--and he has no plans to stop .On May 2, Gadgil won the$100.000 Lemelson-MIT Award for Global Innovation. Each year,the honor is given to an inventor who has improved the lives of people in developing countries. Gadgil's inventions have helped more than 100 million people around the world. Gadgil is a professor and physicist at the University of California. When he's not teaching,he works to find solutions to global problems such as energy efficiency and water safety. "I chose to focus on problems where my knowledge of science could help,"he said In the 1980s he came up with a program to make energy-efficient light bulbs more affordable for people in developing countries. Then in the 1990s,Gadgil designed his first life--saving invention,UV Waterworks .The device kills deadly disease --carrying germs from drinking water. It costs just one cent to clean five liters of water .Gadgil was inspired to find an inexpensive solution to the clean water crisis after more than 10,000 people in his home country of India died from an outbreak of Bengal cholera,in 1993 The disease is spread through _ food and drinking water .So far,the invention has provided safe drinking water to more than five million people in poor areas. As a professor,Gadgil encourages his students to stay positive about finding solutions to hard problems."Be optimistic when you try a hard problem."he says. "It's when you solve a large problem that you can have a big impact on the world" Gadgil was given Lemelson-MIT Award for _ .
|
[
"his teaching experience",
"his new physical research",
"his vast knowledge",
"his helpful inventions"
] | 3D
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Earlier this year I traveled to Turkana in Kenya. I was there to take pictures of the "broken food system". As a special visitor, I was greeted with songs and dances. The locals used to sing and dance all the time but now Turkana is silent and has been for some years. No one is singing or dancing any more because they have no food, nothing to celebrate. Many of them are surviving on a little corn a day and water, which they can get just every two days. I met Tede Lokapelo, a local farmer who described the experience of a six-year drought . Tede used to have 200 goats, but now he has only seven left. He told me that this drought has taught him a hard lesson: It is too difficult to keep animals. He lives on animals. His traditional way of life has been completely destroyed now. Without the food aid they got, Tede is certain that they would starve because there are no other ways to feed themselves left. Sadly, the same can be heard in almost any developing country around the world. Almost one billion people go to bed hungry each night. The food system is broken. In Turkana, not enough rain has fallen since 2005. They measure rainfall not in days or weeks but in minutes. More and more people are being forced to rely on food aid, but people like Tede don't want food aid. They want to work and develop their country. It's our responsibility to change the situation so that they can support themselves. Drought is impossible to avoid but famine is manmade, and unless enough money is provided to develop a basic infrastructure for people in the area, thousands more lives are sure to be lost. During the drought Tede had experienced, _ of his goats were killed.
|
[
"200",
"193",
"7",
"6"
] | 1B
|
nutrition
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Our little boy came up to his mother one evening while she was cooking supper, and handed her a piece of paper with some words written on. And this is what it said: For cutting the grass in the garden $5.00 For cleaning up my bedroom this week $1. 00 For going to the store for you $0. 50 For baby-sitting my kid brother while you went shopping $2. 25 For taking out the rubbish $1. 00 For getting a good report card $5. 00 Total owed : $14.75 After reading, his mother thought for a while. Then she picked up the pen, turned over the paper and wrote: For the nine months I carried you while you were growing inside me--free For the nights and days I worried about you--free For the toys, clothes, food--free For all the love I've given you--free Then with tears in his eyes, our son looked straight up at his mother and said, "Mom, I love you. " And he took the pen and wrote: "PAID IN FULL". We can learn from the passage that _ .
|
[
"the boy is the writer's only child",
"the boy never asked his mother for money",
"the boy's mother bought toys for him",
"the boy's mother paid him all money he asked for"
] | 2C
|
human_sexuality
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Living near the beach may come with an extra perk : better health. A new study analyzed information from more than 48 million people in England and found that the nearer they lived to the coast, the more likely people were to report good health within the past year. Living near the coast may be associated with better health because the seaside environment reduces stress, the researchers said. They pointed to another British study that found that people who took trips to the coast experienced more feelings of calmness and relaxation than those who visited urban parks or the countryside. The difference from living near the coast was relatively small. But a small effect, when applied to an entire population, can have a substantial impact on public health, said study researcher Ben Wheeler of Peninsula College of Medicine and Dentistry in Exeter, England. However, it's too soon to advise people to hit the beach to improve health, Wheeler said. The study only found an association, not a cause-effect link, and it's possible that other factors could explain the results. For instance, it could be that people who are wealthier, and therefore healthier, are more able to move to desired locations such as the coast, Wheeler said, a phenomenon known as the migrant effect. But the study did find that the association between coastal living and better health was strongest for those living in the poorest areas, which perhaps indicates that wealth cannot explain the results, Wheeler said. Because the study looked at only England--an island country in which everyone lives within 72 miles of the coast--it's not clear whether the findings would apply to other populations. Far from England, a health expert not involved in the study said that while the British research certainly doesn't prove that people's health and the place they live are linked, it's possible that _ to the seas does something for our bodies. If future studies confirm the results, the next step would be to find out it is what coastal environments that can benefit health. Wheeler said it may then be possible to bring those benefits to people living in other areas, through virtual environments, for instance. What Ben Wheeler said means _ .
|
[
"the British public health is decreasing",
"concrete evidence favors life near the sea",
"wealthier people are likely to be healthier",
"exact reasons are proposed for further research"
] | 3D
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
King's College Summer School is an annual training program for high school students at all levels who want to improve their English. Courses are given by the teachers of King's College and other colleges in New York. Trips to museums and culture centers are also organized. This year's summer school will be from July 25 to August 15. M ore information is as follows: Application date *Students in New York should send their applications before July 18, 2007. *Students of other cities should send their applications before July 16, 2007. *Foreign students should send their applications before July 10, 2007. Courses *English Language Spoken English: 22 hours Reading and Writing: 10 hours *American History: 16 hours *American Culture: 16 hours Steps *A letter of self-introduction *A letter of recommendation *The letters should be written in English with all the necessary information. Cost *Daily lessons: $200 *Sports and activities: $100 *Travels: $200 *Hotel service: $400 *You may choose to live with your friends or relatives in the same city. Please write to: Thompson, Sanders 1026 King' s Street New York, NY 10016, USA E-mail: [email protected] Which of the following is true about King's College Summer School?
|
[
"Only top students can take pa rt in the program.",
"Only the teachers of King' s College give courses.",
"King' s College Summer School is run every other year.",
"Visits to museums and culture centers are part of the program."
] | 3D
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
What information supports the conclusion that Maya inherited this trait?
|
[
"Maya's hair is the same color as her brown eyes.",
"Maya's father has brown eyes. He passed this trait down to Maya."
] | 1B
|
natural science
|
scienceqa
|
Select the living thing.
|
[
"yak",
"bracelet",
"ferris wheel",
"rain"
] | 0A
|
natural science
|
scienceqa
|
New Scientist Event Instant Expert-- How Your Brain Works Saturday, 20 May 2017from 10:00 to 17:00 London, United Kingdom Ever wondered how your brain works? How that stuff in your head enables you to see, hear and think about the world around you, make decisions and act on them? Join six leading scientists to explore what we know about 4fcthe most difficult kilo of matter in the universe". The day will be chaired by psychologist and presenter of BBC Radio 4's All in the mirtd,Claudia Hammond. ' Overview: The brain has long been a source of fascination. In 1819, the radical thinker and surgeon William Lawrence put it like this: "It's strongly suspected that a Newton or Shakespeare excels other men only ... by having an extra inch of brain in the right place." Today, many such suspicions are certainties. This event will introduce you to the evolution of the brain. We'll study technique for controlling the brain using electric and magnetic fields, as well as the latest technologies that follow you to control the outside world using your mind alone. *Topics covered will include: *Evolution of the brain *How memory makes us human *Emotion *Sleep and brain Booking information: *The event will be held in Brunei Auditorium at RCGP/30 Euston Square. And doors to the Auditorium will open at 9:15 am. *We require the name of each person attending -- please ensure this is provided at the time of booking. *The schedule for the day will be confirmed closer to the event, and will be emailed to all ticket holders. *A minimum of 100 early bird discounted tickets are available priced at PS129 (saving PS20 on the full ticket price of PS149). What can attendees learn from the event?
|
[
"How much their brain weighs.",
"How their sleep is related to their brain",
"Whether they can act on decisions they made.",
"How their brain is controlled by electric and magnetic fields."
] | 1B
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Used by over half a million learners,English Practice is one of the world's most popular online English learning products. English Practice offers over 40,000 interactive 1essons for all levels of students who want to study and improve their English. Our structured content will help you improve your speaking,vocabulary,grammar,and your listening and written comprehension. And because English Practice is online,you can study at a pace and at a time that is convenient for you. How to Study When you start with English Practice we will give you a test to evaluate your language level. We will then recommend that you start as either a beginning intermediate or advanced learner. At each level you can take classes in General English,Work Skills,or Community to improve the skills you need. When you have completed enough lessons,we will give you another test and move you up to the next level. General English This is where you will find lessons to improve your grammar,listening comprehension,and vocabulary. There are new lessons weekly so you will always find new 1essons to this area you can also take lessons to prepare for TOEFL and IELTS. Work Skills This is where you can take lessons to teach you the specific skills you will need if you have to speak English at work,or do business in English. There are lessons on general business skills as well as courses to on specific industries. Community In the Community section you find English Practice's popular chat room,where you can practice with fellow students from around the world,and ask English teachers questions about English Community also has fun games like Bingo,Hangman,and Karaoke. As well as links to online English studying resources. If you want to study English breezily ,you should get into the section.
|
[
"General English",
"Work Skills",
"Community",
"How to study"
] | 2C
|
college_computer_science
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Conventional wisdom says that hardship can make us old before our time. In fact, a new study suggests that violence not only leaves long-term scars on children's bodies, but also changes their DNA, causing changes that are equal to seven to ten years of premature aging . Scientists measured this by studying the ends of children's chromosomes , called telomeres, says Idan Shalev, lead author of a study published in Molecular Psychiatry. Telomeres are special DNA sequences which prevent the DNA in chromosomes from separating. They get shorter each time a cell divides, until a cell cannot divide any more and dies. Several factors have been found to shorten telomeres, including smoking, radiation and psychological stresses such as being treated badly when young and taking care of a chronically ill person. In this study, researchers examined whether exposure to violence could make children's telomeres shorten faster than normal. They interviewed the mothers of 236 children at ages 5, 7 and 10, asking whether the youngsters had been exposed to domestic violence between the mother and her partner, physical maltreatment by an adult or bullying. Researchers measured the children's telomeres--in cells obtained from the insides of their cheeks--at ages 5 and 10. Telomeres shortened faster in kids exposed to two or more types of violence, says Shalev. Unless that pattern changes, the study suggests, these kids could be expected to develop diseases of aging, such as heart attacks or memory loss, seven to 10 years earlier than their peers. Shalev says there is hope for these kids. His study found that, in rare cases, telomeres can lengthen. Better nutrition, exercise and stress reduction are three things that may be able to lengthen telomeres, he says. The study confirms a smallbutgrowing number of studies suggesting that early childhood hardship imprints itself in our chromosomes, says Charles Nelson, a professor of pediatrics and neuroscience at Harvard Medical School. The new study has found that _ .
|
[
"violence leaves scars on a child's mind",
"violence can speed up a child's aging",
"hardship can change a child's aging",
"hardship has a long-term effect on children"
] | 1B
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
There are four hats. They are red, yellow, green and white. They are Mike's, Bill's, Tom's and John's. Tom's hat is not yellow, green or red. John's hat is not green. And Mike's hat is not yellow or green. What color are their hats? ,. Is the yellow hat John's or Tom's?
|
[
"It's John's.",
"It's Tom's.",
"It's Mike's.",
"It's Bill's."
] | 0A
|
elementary_mathematics
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Iron oxides, such as rust, form when iron metal reacts with oxygen in the air. What are the chemical symbols for the two elements found in iron oxide?
|
[
"I and O",
"Ir and O",
"Fe and O",
"Pb and O"
] | 2C
|
college_chemistry
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Which instrument should a student use to best examine bacteria?
|
[
"telescope",
"hand lens",
"microscope",
"computer probes"
] | 2C
|
college_biology
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Watching television makes it easier for toddlers to kick and scream, according to a U.S. study. Children under two should not watch any TV. The longer they sit in front of the box, the worse their behavior becomes. Just having the TV on in the background, even if the child wasn't watching it, was also connected to troublemaking behavior although the relationship wasn't as strong, said the researchers. "Parents should be smart about TV use," researcher Jennifer Manganello from the University at Albany, New York, said. "They should limit the time that children use TV, pay attention to the content of TV programs, and consider how TV is used throughout the home." The study looked at 3,128 women from 20 U.S. cities who had a child between 2005 and 2008. While there was some diversity of education among the women, one-third hadn't graduated from high school. Two-thirds of the mothers said their three-year-old watched more than two hours of TV a day, and the average viewing time for children was around three hours. On average, the TV was on for about five additional hours on a common day. After accounting for factors such as living in a violent neighborhood, scientists also found watching TV was strongly connected to behavior such as hitting others, having angry moods, being disobedient , and screaming a lot. The researchers thought that children may see violence on TV, and spend less time on positive development tasks such as reading or playing. The American Academy of Paediatrics suggests no TV at all for children at two and younger, and two hours a day or less for older kids. what is the main idea of the passage?
|
[
"Children should choose positive programs.",
"Children should keep away from TV.",
"Watching TV can make children violent.",
"Parents should watch less TV."
] | 2C
|
nutrition
|
mmlu_labeled
|
In the Arctic Ocean waters live the social animals---belugas, which is also known as white whales. Highly intelligent, these whales use different sounds to communicate and find their way. Belugas are also among the smallest kinds of whales. More than 210 belugas, including 31 in the United States, live in aquariums around the world. The Georgia Aquarium has asked for permission to bring 18 more belugas into the U.S. The whales were caught off the coast of Russia. The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) is considering the aquarium's request thoroughly. A law called the Marine Mammal Protection Act (MMPA) says the animals can only be brought into the country and put on display if they are caught without being hurt and there is an educational reason for doing so. Georgia Aquarium officials say the 18 belugas will help people learn more about the species and allow scientists to better understand how to protect it. The aquarium would also breed the whales so the U.S. aquariums can continue to display them. "When we can study and observe, we gain a better understanding of their biology and diseases that affect them, and learn how to aid populations in their natural habitats," says William Hurley, Georgia Aquarium's chief officer. "Much of this research would be impossible in the remote locations and extreme climates where the animals live." The Georgia Aquarium would own the 18 belugas and would rent some to aquariums across the country. Meanwhile, many scientists, including Lori Marino, a whale expert, feel strongly that the whales belong in the ocean, not in tanks. These scientists say the whales are being used for entertainment and not for education, and having them in aquariums is not necessary for the species to survive. Marino said, "Not only is it unfair to the belugas but there is no educational value in putting these whales on display." Many scientists are against the request because _ .
|
[
"they think whales belong not only to the ocean",
"they think these belugas kept are just for entertainment",
"they think it necessary to keep these belugas in aquarium",
"they think it necessary to put these whales on display"
] | 1B
|
college_biology
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Hitting the brakes hard leaves rubber on the road due to
|
[
"the sun",
"abrasion",
"plastic tires",
"metal roadways"
] | 1B
|
high_school_physics
|
mmlu_labeled
|
We had known for along time that flowers of different plants open and close at different time of day. Yet no one really understands why flowers open and close like this at special time. The question is not as simple as we might think, as recent experiments have shown. In one experiment, flowers were kept in constant darkness. We might expect that the flowers ,without any information about the time of the day, did not open as they usually do. In fact, they continue to open at their usual time. This shows that they have some special ways of knowing the time. Their sense time does not depend on information from the outside world. It is inside them: a kind of "inner clock". This discovery may not seem to be very important. However, it is later found that not just plants but animals have this "inner clock" which control the working of their bodies and influences their activities. Human beings, then, are also influenced by it. Whether we wish or not, it _ such things in our life as our need for sleep or need for food. Before the experiment arrived at a conclusion ,people had thought that the flowers would _ .
|
[
"never open in constant darkness",
"change their usual time to open",
"open ahead of the time as they usually did",
"continue to open at usual time"
] | 0A
|
college_biology
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Recordings of angry bees are enough to send big, tough African elephants running away, a new study says. Beehives -either recorded or real-may even prevent elephants from damaging farmer's crops. In 2002, scientist Lucy King and her team found that elephants avoid certain trees with bees living in them. Today, Lucy wants to see if African honeybees might discourage elephants from eating crops. But before she asked farmer to go to the trouble of setting up beehives on their farms, she needed to find out if the bees would scare elephants away. Lucy found a wild beehive inside a tree in northern Kenya and set up a recorder. Then she threw a stone into the beehive, which burst into life. Lucy and her assistant hid in their car until the angry bees had calmed down. Next,Lucy searched out elephant families in Samburu National Reserve in northern Kenya and put a speaker in a close to each family. From a distance, Lucy switched on the pre-recorded sound of angry bees while at the same time recording the elephants with a video camera. Half the elephant groups left the area within ten seconds. Out of a total of 17 groups, only one group ignored the sound of the angry bees. Lucy reported that all the young elephants immediately ran to their mothers to hide under them. When Lucy Played the sound of a waterfall instead of the angry bees to many of the same elephant families, the animals were undisturbed. Even after four minutes, most of the groups stayed in one place. Lucy is now studying whether the elephants will continue to avoid the sound of angry bees after hearing it several times. She hasn't tested enough groups yet to know, but her initial results were promising enough to begin trials with farmers. She has now begun placing speakers in the fields to see if elephants are frightened away. We know from the passage that elephants may be frightened of _ .
|
[
"loud noises",
"some crops",
"video cameras",
"angry bees"
] | 3D
|
college_biology
|
mmlu_labeled
|
A student notices dogs have more fleas in the summer than in the winter. Based on these observations, which is the most logical question for the student to investigate?
|
[
"How does wind affect the amount of fleas on dogs?",
"How does diet affect the amount of fleas on dogs?",
"How does rain affect the amount of fleas on dogs?",
"How does temperature affect the amount of fleas on dogs?"
] | 3D
|
college_biology
|
mmlu_labeled
|
How long is a bus route across a small town?
|
[
"5 centimeters",
"5 kilometers"
] | 1B
|
natural science
|
scienceqa
|
A new United Nations report shows that fish farming may soon be the world's most important provider of fish. The Food and Agriculture Organization says fish farming is growing at a rate of 6.6 percent a year. Fish farming now produces forty-six percent of the world's supply of fish. That represents a forty-three percent increase from 2006. The report also said fish farming earned more money in 2008 than traditional fisheries. In fish farming, fish are raised in tanks or small bodies of water called ponds. They are also raised in cages or nets in oceans, lakes and rivers. The report says increased fish farming has helped people around the world eat record amounts of fish. The FAO says each person ate an average of almost seventeen kilograms of fish last year. However, the FAO says the current yearly wild-fish harvest of ninety million tons shows no improvement. Decreasing numbers of fish and stronger catch limits have reduced the possibilities for catching wild fish. The FAO report says about thirty-two percent of world supplies are overfished. It says these supplies of fish need to be rebuilt at once. Some scientists have criticized fish farming. They say the nets and cages permit fish diseases and pests to spread. Some fish farming critics doubt whether fish farming can keep growing at the current rate. But Wally Stevens of the trade group Global Aquaculture Alliance says the industry must continue developing to feed growing populations. Mr. Stevens says a one hundred percent increase in fish farming over ten years is necessary to keep providing for people at the current level. He notes that fish farming creates jobs and wealth, especially for people in coastal areas of China. What does Wally Stevens think of fish farming?
|
[
"It doesn't have disadvantages at all.",
"It cannot keep growing at the current rate.",
"It is not a good way of raising fish.",
"It must develop fast to supply a growing population."
] | 3D
|
nutrition
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Scientists can identify an element by looking at the structure of a single
|
[
"atom.",
"neutron.",
"molecule.",
"electron."
] | 0A
|
college_chemistry
|
mmlu_labeled
|
What information supports the conclusion that Gabriel acquired this trait?
|
[
"Gabriel has three jump ropes, each made of a different material.",
"Gabriel's sister taught him how to do tricks with a jump rope.",
"Gabriel won a competition at his school with his jump rope tricks."
] | 1B
|
natural science
|
scienceqa
|
In our world today, the media and entertainment industries are constantly focusing on beauty over brains. Movies, television shows, commercials, and magazines all make use of models and actors whose physical attributes will sell their product. As our country is trying to reduce the obesity numbers, eating disorder statistics continue to increase due to the push for thinner people. While obesity is a serious medical condition that can lead to many health problems, many of us try to lose weight for appearance purposes. Children as young as elementary school age have begun to worry about _ . In my opinion, it seems that "fat" has become the new"ugly". Two weeks ago, 37-year-old Wisconsin television reporter Livingston, who is 235 pounds, received an email from a man named Krause. In the email Krause attacked her, writing,"Your physical condition hasn't improved for many years. Surely you don't consider yourself a suitable example for this community's young people, girls in particular." Today, it seems that a vast majority of people care more about how they look and appear to their peers rather than what is inside. The truth is that every person is built differently; we all come in different shapes and sizes. Just because someone is heavier, that doesn't mean they eat large amounts of junk food around the day. Likewise, even though a person is thin, that doesn't mean they are necessarily healthy and fit. If you are reading this and you struggle with your weight or your appearance, please recognize that you are beautiful and special in your own way. You are worth so much more than you realize, and even if I don't know you, understand that I respect and support you. Beauty is not defined by size; it is defined by how we treat others and respect ourselves. In the words of the talented film actress Kirstie Alley, "There's a lot more to life than how fat or thin you are." With so many people losing weight, it will end in _
|
[
"models' and actors' appearance in ads",
"the fall of media and entertainment industries",
"more and more people becoming obesity",
"more people's suffering from eating disorder"
] | 3D
|
human_sexuality
|
mmlu_labeled
|
In the rock cycle, weathering and erosion begin the process of the formation of
|
[
"sediments.",
"magma.",
"minerals.",
"crystals."
] | 0A
|
natural_science
|
ai2_arc_challenge
|
In order for students to perform lab experiments safely and accurately, they should
|
[
"copy what the other students are doing.",
"ask the teacher to first demonstrate the entire experiment.",
"perform the experiment after memorizing the instructions.",
"read and understand all directions before starting the experiment."
] | 3D
|
natural_science
|
ai2_arc_challenge
|
Since 1936, many female space explorers have followed Russian astronaut Valentina Tereshkova. Let's look at the missions of four important female astronauts to find out what astronauts do in space. In 1983, Sally Ride became the first American women in space. Her team carried out scientific experiments in space and put two communications satellites in space. Satellites make it possible for us to communicate instantly with each other across the world through TV, radio, and telephones. In 1984, Kathryn Sullivan became the first American women to walk in space. During her mission, she discovered important information about the sun's energy and how it affects the climate in very hot and very cold places on Earth. She also took photographs of Earth and measured air pollution. In 1992, Mae Jemison became the first African-American in space. During her mission, she did scientific experiments using the weightless atmosphere. In space, there is no gravity, so everything floats! Dr. Jemison's experiments gave important information about the human body to produce better medicines and healthcare. In 2012, Liu Yang became the first Chinese women in space. She did experiments in space medicine, which look at how astronauts can survive and stay healthy in space. The conditions in space are very hard on the body and space medicine helps astronauts work safely. What did Dr. Jemison's experiments focus on?
|
[
"Human body.",
"Space satellites.",
"Climate on earth.",
"Energy from the sun."
] | 0A
|
astronomy
|
mmlu_labeled
|
A fish that lives in America can live out. of water for months at a time, similar to how animals got used to land millions of years ago, a new study shows. The Mangrove Rivulus, a kind of little fish, lives in small pools of water. When their living place dries up, they live. on the land, said Scott Taylor, a researcher in Florida. The fish can grow as large as three inches. They group together and breathe air through their skin before they can find water again. The new scientific discovery came during a trip. "We were travelling for fun. and one day I kicked over a log and the fish came out," Taylor told reporters by telephone. He said he would make his study on the fish known to the public in an American magazine early next year. In lab tests, Taylor said he found the fish can live up to 66 days out of water without eating. Some other fish can live out of water for a short period of time. The walking catfish found in Southeast Asia can stay on land for hours at a time, while lungfish found in Australia, Africa and South America can live out of water, but only in a not active way. But no other known fish can be out of water as long as the Mangrove Rivulus and keep active, according to Patricia Wright, a biologist at a Canadian University. More studies of the fish may tell how animals changed over time. "These animals live in conditions similar to those millions of years ago, when animals began to move from water onto land," Wright said. The Mangrove Rivulus is a type of fish that _ .
|
[
"lives on land in Africa",
"can stay alive for months out of water",
"prefers living in dry places",
"is the longest living fish on earth"
] | 1B
|
college_biology
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Which body part breaks down food?
|
[
"stomach",
"brain",
"skeleton"
] | 0A
|
natural science
|
scienceqa
|
iD Tech camps Camp Address: 910 E Hamilton Ave. Suite 300 Campbell, California 95008,USA Phone: (888) 709-8324 This summer, encourage the excellent in your child! At iD Tech Camps>> students age 7-17 can learn to code, design video games, engineer robots, model 3D characters, build websites, and Print 3D Capers meet new friends, learn STEM skills, and gain self-confidence. Alexa Cafestem Camp Camp Address:California, Colorado, Georgia, Illinois Phone: (212) 796-8350 This summer, encourage the excellent in your daughter. At Alexa Cafe, girls ages 10-15 d,discover technology in a unique environment that celebrates creativity, and puiamhropy . Girls learn engineering principles, code games, design websites' model and print 3D objects. A Water Planet Dolphine Therapy Camp Camp Address: 203 Greenwood Drive, Panama City Beach, Florida 32407, USA Phone: (850) 230-6030 1-week camp in Panama City Florida where children with Special Needs swim with dolphins. Water Planets dolphin therapy programs use the emotional impact of a dolphins meeting in his own environment combined with expressive art, massage, and music as a beneficial experience. iD Tech Mini Camp Address: a lot of places>> California and more, USA Phone:(323) 287-5580 This summer, encourage the awesome in your child! We've full every half-day camp session with tons of tech awesomeness. Kids ages 6-9 can discover programming, game design, or robotics. And with an emphasis on creativity and exploration, every camper becomes a maker of fun. What is the common advantage of the four camps?
|
[
"Low fees.",
"Limiting age.",
"Doing good to children.",
"Focusing on skill training."
] | 2C
|
high_school_computer_science
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Scientists have discovered a gene that plays a role in violence in men ill-treated in childhood.The discovery could explain why some experience unhappy childhoods and go on to normal lives, while others turn to violence, crime of antisocial deeds. But it will also restart another argument. Terrie Moffitt and Avshalom Caspi report in Science today that one common form of a gene in the brain makes men more likely to be violent--but only if they have experienced cruelty or rejection in childhood . The researchers followed up the life histories of 442 boys born in New Zealand in 1972. Of these, 154 had been ill-treated in the first 10 years, 33 of them badly. They had either experienced sexual attack, beatings or rejection by mother or stepparents. Of the 154 children , 55 had a less active variant of a gene called MAOA, and 99 had the more active variant . The 55 boys were more than twice as likely to have been in trouble as the other ill-treated group . They made up 12% of the total, but were responsible for 44% of all crimes from among the 442 boys. Prof Moffitt thought a "violence" gene had not been discovered. Boys with the less active form who were not ill-treated during childhood lived normal lives. "It is very common in the population. One third of us have it." she said, "So the gene doesn't do much of anything, it doesn't cause any trouble in any way, unless we are also ill -treated". The gene might also show the ability to bear mental stress. The army or the police might examine the applicants to see if they have the more active form . But the discovery also raises the argument that people with the less active form of the gene could be social dangers, to be treated with medicine. "This research can easily lead people to fix social problems through medical treatment," said David King of the UK Gene Alert Group. According to the passage, we can infer that_.
|
[
"one fifth of the population carry the less active variant.",
"boys with the less active variant will not live normal lives",
"all the people agree with the idea of \"violence\" gene",
"the less active variant and ill-treated experience contribute to violence"
] | 3D
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Teenagers who spend hours in front of the television may have a poorer diet as young adults. A study, which included nearly 1,400 high school students, found that those who watched TV for five hours or more per day had less healthy diets than their peers five years later. Why does this happen? Should the parents take any measures? On the one hand, people who spend a lot of time in front of the TV, especially teenagers may snack more, and that may affect their long-term diet quality. On the other hand, TV ads for fast food, sweets and snacks tempt teenagers to eat more of those foods. And TV time might also replace exercise time for some kids. Lead researcher Dr. Daheia J. BarrAnderson, of the University of Minnesota in Minneapolis, told Reuters Health a clear correlation between TV time during high school and diet quality in young adulthood . While the heaviest TV viewers were eating the most junk food five years later, those who'd watched less than two hours per day had the highest intake of fruits, vegetables, whole grains and high-calcium food. In her opinion, parents should limit and monitor TV viewing. I think children should watch no more than two hours of television per day. And parents should set a good example by eating right, being physical active and curbing their own TV time. What suggestion does the author give the parents?
|
[
"They must watch TV with their children",
"They should forbid the children to watch TV",
"They should pay attention to nutrition in diets",
"They can't do what they don't want their chidren to do"
] | 3D
|
nutrition
|
mmlu_labeled
|
My mother was a housewife. She thought that successful people spent a lot more time reading than watching TV. So she asked my brother and me not to watch too much TV, but to read two books every week in our free time. She would check them with marks, though she couldn't read the book at all. When I went to high school, I was an A-student, but not for long. I wanted cool clothes and hung out with friends. I became a C-student, but I didn't care. One night I complained about not having enough Italian shirts. Then my mother gave me all the money and said I could get the money left to buy shirts if I finished buying all the things the family needed. I was pleased with that, but after I bought those things, there was no money left. I got to know how difficult it was for my mother to do all these. I went back to my studies and became an A-student again. Finally, my dream came true and I became a doctor. My story is really my mother's story----a woman with little education greatly changed my life as a parent. So I believe there is no job more important than parenting. What did the writer's mother do?
|
[
"A worker.",
"A housewife",
"A teacher",
"A writer"
] | 1B
|
human_sexuality
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Which statement best explains why a car that is rolling on a level surface will eventually come to a stop?
|
[
"Frictional forces oppose the motion of the car.",
"Forward motion slowly runs out as energy is expended.",
"The natural state of an object is to be at rest.",
"Inertia acting on an object will dissipate."
] | 0A
|
natural_science
|
ai2_arc_challenge
|
Wolves travel in groups, and they perform almost all the other activities of their lives in the company of fellow wolves. This is one of the most important facts that modern science have learned about wolves and one of the things that most clearly explain their way of life. The pack is usually a family group. It is made up of animals related to each other by blood. The centre of a pack is a pair of wolves----an adult male and female that have produced young. The other members of the pack are their offspring : young wolves ranging in age from pups to two- and three-year-olds. Most packs have 6 or 7 members, although some may include as many as 15 wolves. Relationships among creatures that live close together in groups are often very complex, and this is true of the ties that connect the members of a wolf pack. Scientific studies of captive wolves and wolf packs in the wild have shown that many complex rules of behavior seem to govern the way that the animals relate to each other. When wolf pups are born into a pack, one of the most important things they must learn is the "language" of the group, the method by which pack members keep in touch with each other, sharing information and communicating their feelings. Scientists have discovered that wolves have a very complex system of communication. The most famous wolf sound is, of course, the howl, and it is a very important part of wolf language. When people think about howling, they usually imagine a sad, lonely sound made by a wolf sitting all alone on a hilltop in the moonlight. However, this picture in most human beings' mind is not completely true. Wolves howl at any time, not just at night, and they often howl together, not alone. Group or chorus howling is another means by which the members of a wolf reaffirm their ties with each other and their closeness as a group. One wolf----often the male leader----will point its nose at the sky, open its mouth, and start to howl. Immediately the other members of the pack rush to stand beside him, shoulder to shoulder, and join their voices to his. Each wolf howls on its own note so that a big chorus of slightly different sounds is produced. Chorus howling often takes place before a wolf pack goes out to hunt. At the end of a successful hunt, the pack may also celebrate with a group howl. While wolves are on the track of prey ,they are usually silent. There are occasions when a wolf will howl by itself. This may happen when an animal is separated from the pack. Pack members seem to recognize each other's voices and will keep responding to the howl of their wandering relative until the group is reunited. Because howling is a sound that carries over a considerable distance, it is very useful in communications among separated members of a pack. Howling is also used when members of different packs have to get in touch with each other to pass on information about their locations and their purposes. What most likely happens to young wolves after the age of four?
|
[
"They leave the pack and live alone.",
"They leave the pack to form packs of their own.",
"They continue to live as part of the pack.",
"They take over the leadership from their parents."
] | 1B
|
college_biology
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Which two objects produce their own light?
|
[
"candle and moon",
"moon and mirror",
"sun and candle",
"mirror and sun"
] | 2C
|
high_school_physics
|
mmlu_labeled
|
It is common for older people to forget things. Now an American study has found that memory starts to fail when we are young adults. People younger than thirty years of age usually do not know that they are starting to forget information. But scientists from the University of Michigan say the loss of memory has usually already started. Researchers say people do not observe this slow reduction in mental ability until the loss affects their everyday activities. Denise Park led the new study. She directs the Centre for Aging and Cognition at the Institute for Social Research at the University of Michigan. Her team studied more than 350 men and women between the ages of twenty and ninety years. The study identified people in their middle twenties with memory problems. She says young adults do not know they are forgetting things because their brains have more information than they need. But she says that people in their twenties and thirties are losing memory at the same rate as people in their sixties and seventies. Ms. Park says people between the ages of sixty and seventy may note the decrease in their mental abilities. They begin to observe that they are having more trouble remembering and learning new information. The study found that older adults are more likely to remember false information as being true. For example, they remembered false medical claims as being true. Younger people remembered hearing the information. But they were more likely to remember that it was false. Ms. Park is now using modern imaging equipment to study what happens in the brains of people of different ages. She is studying what parts of the brain older adults use for different activities compared to younger adults. Ms. Park says mental performance is a direct result of brain activity and brain structure. She says keeping the brain active is important. She hopes future studies will identify ways to improve the operation of our aging minds. The passage is meant to _ .
|
[
"emphasize the importance of exercising the brain",
"analyze the difference between different age groups on the loss of memory",
"reveal the decrease in mental ability of young adults as well as older adults",
"introduce effective ways to improve memory"
] | 2C
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
What is the mass of a can of soup?
|
[
"14 pounds",
"14 ounces",
"14 tons"
] | 1B
|
natural science
|
scienceqa
|
Microwaves may be great at warming up food, but what about warming people? Using microwaves to directly heat owners of a room would save much of the energy wasted by heating walls and furniture. And despite popular ideas about microwaves, this technique would be safe, according to Charles R. Burlier of the Microwave Research Center in Marlborough, New Hampshire. Low-power microwaves only penetrate the skin (low-power microwave penetration in a ham is about 0.2 inches, for example) and with no negative effects. To test this idea, Buffler subjected himself to microwaves in a special room using a standard 500-watt, 2459 MHz magnetron . He found that a person will start to feel warmth at about 20 milliwatts per square centimeter (mw. / sq. cm. ) ; a satisfactory feeling of warmth occurs between 35 and 50mw. / sq. cm. By comparison, a person standing in noonday summer sun feels the amount of 85 mw. / sq. cm. And a frozen meat pie in your microwave oven receives about 1000 mw. / sq. cm. In houses of the future, each room could be provided with its own magnetron, says Buffler. When you stepped into the living room, for example, a motion detector would turn on the magnetron, filling the room with low-power microwaves. In the same way that a microwave oven heats up a hamburger, but not the plate it's on, you would feel warmth from the microwaves without changing the temperature of your coffee table. (You could, however, make your favorite easy chair even more comfortable by treating it with a radiation-absorbing chemical.) While it might be some time before homeowners are comfortable enough with the idea to set up whole-body microwave heaters in houses, Buffler says microwaves may attract livestock farmers. Lambs that are born outdoors in winter, for example, are frequently lost to cold. Microwaves could warm the lambs safely and quickly. Which of the following can tell the main idea of the passage?
|
[
"A new heating system.",
"A new microwave oven.",
"A popular technique.",
"The magnetron."
] | 0A
|
nutrition
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Life is filled with challenges. As we get older, we come to realize that those challenges are the very things that shape us and make us who we are. It is the same with the challenges that come with friendship. When we are faced with a challenge, we usually have two choices. We can try to beat it off, or we can decide that the thing presenting the challenge isn't worth the trouble and call it quits. Although there are certainly times when calling it quits is the right thing to do, in most cases all that is needed is commitment and communication. When we are committed to something, it means that no matter how painful or how uncomfortable something is, we will always choose to face it through instead of running away from it. Communication is making a space for discussion and talking about how you feel as opposed to just saying what the other person did wrong. If you can say to a friend, "I got my feelings hurt", rather than "You hurt my feelings", you are going to be able to solve the problem much faster. In dealing with many challenges that friendship will bring to you, try to see them for what they are: small hurdles you need to jump or get through on your way through life. Nothing is so big that it is impossible to get over, and hurt only serves to make us stronger. It is all part of growing up, it happens to everyone, and some day you will look back on all of this and say, "Hard as it was, it made me who I am today. And that is a good thing." The whole passage is centered on the relationship between _ .
|
[
"friendship and challenges",
"commitment and friendship",
"friendship and growth",
"challenges and chances"
] | 0A
|
human_sexuality
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Today, many people use plants from other places to design their yards. Well, do they have any influence on animals living nearby? As we know, plants supply food for things like insects and plant-eating animals. In turn, birds and meat-eating animals feed on these insects and plant-eating animals. It is easy to see how important plants are. Although foreign plants may look beautiful, they can cause problems when there are too many of them. I live in Virginia, USA, and sometimes see a plant--commonly known as Kudzu--that seems to cover everything in the area, even climbing over whole trees and houses. Kudzu is an unbelievable plant since it grows very fast. It was first brought to the United States from south-east Asia around the 1870's as a crop that farmers could grow. However, Kudzu quickly came to be considered harmful throughout the southern United States. Since Kudzu grows fast in many different environments, it can completely cover areas of land quickly. The plant is also not eaten by any insects or birds in the United States so it can grow unchecked. Kudzu can cover trees, bushes, and even houses. It costs the United States 500 million dollars a year to just keep Kudzu from growing too fast. The plant is a perfect example of what scientists call an invasive species, which grows more quickly than other native plants. All foreign plants have the possibility to spread quickly. Not only are they costly, but planting them in gardens actually takes away food from insects. If everyone filled their garden with plants native to where they live, many lovely butterflies and other native creatures would be attracted to their backyards! So, take a look out of your window -- how does your garden grow? How does the author sound when telling of these foreign plants?
|
[
"Sad.",
"Worried.",
"Proud.",
"Excited."
] | 1B
|
college_biology
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Which change best matches the sentence?
Small pieces of rock are carried away by wind.
|
[
"landslide",
"erosion",
"drought"
] | 1B
|
natural science
|
scienceqa
|
Does this passage describe the weather or the climate?
The sky is clear today. So, Erik thinks the air pressure must be high.
|
[
"weather",
"climate"
] | 0A
|
natural science
|
scienceqa
|
The chemical symbol for niobium is Nb. Based on its symbol, what can be concluded about niobium?
|
[
"Niobium is a compound.",
"Niobium is an element.",
"Niobium is a metal.",
"Niobium is a mixture."
] | 1B
|
natural_science
|
ai2_arc_challenge
|
Is it true ? 1.Wearing the wrong type of glasses will do harm to your eyes . This is not true for adults , although incorrect glasses may not be good for children under 10 . Ready-made glasses , and not wearing when you should , won' t do harm to your eyes , but you may see better with glasses that are specially made for you . 2.Watching too much television is bad for you eyes . This is not true. People with easily affected eyes may find they get red and aching from staring at a fixed distance for long periods , but there won' t be any lasting effects . 3. Carrots will help you see in the dark. Carrots are rich in beta-carotene, which the body can change into vitamin A, too little of which can cause night blindness. However , people in most countries don' t need to worry about vitamin A deficiency , night blindness is more likely to be connected with another vision problem . Watching too much television can cause _ .
|
[
"night blindness",
"lasting eye problems",
"a number of vision problems",
"eye trouble for a limited time"
] | 3D
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Tu Youyou, a scientist at the China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, has no postgraduate degree. She has never studied or done research abroad. She is neither a member of the Chinese Academy of Sciences nor the Chinese Academy of Engineering. However, the 81-year-old pharmacologist has become the first scientist on the Chinese mainland to win a Lasker Award, the medical prize of the Albert and Mary Lasker Foundation. The Lasker Awards have existed since 1945. The winners are always people who have really helped us to understand, recognize, treat, cure and prevent disease. Tu was presented the 2011 Lasker Clinical Medical Research Award on September 23. She discovered a drug called artemisinin . The drug is now widely used against malaria . Tu and her colleagues joined a government project to find a new malaria drug in the late 1960s during the "cultural revolution" (1966~1976). They made 380 herbal extracts from 200 potential recipes. The recipes came from traditional Chinese medical books. The team then tested them on malaria-infected mice. Finally Tu became interested in an extract of the plant qinghao, or sweet wormwood . According to an ancient Chinese medicine book, qinghao was once used to treat malaria. However, the extract they made in the lab didn't work well. Tu thought the effective ingredient in qinghao may be destroyed by high temperatures. Therefore, Tu tried to make the extract with ether which has a much lower boiling point than water. In 1971, after more than 190 failures, Tu finally got an extract that was 100 percent effective against the malaria parasites . The extract was called qinghaosu, later renamed artemisinin. According to a statement on the Lasker Foundation website, during the past four decades, Tu's drug has saved millions of lives. It is especially important for children in the poorest and least developed parts of the world. However, not many people knew of the scientist until she won the Lasker Award this month. Lasker Awards are known as "America's Nobels" for the reason that in the last two decades, 28 Lasker Prize winners have gone on to receive the Nobel Prize, and 80 since 1945, according to Xinhua News Agency. "The discovery of artemisinin is a gift to mankind from traditional Chinese medicine, " Tu said when she received the award. "Continuous exploration and development of traditional medicine will, without doubt, bring more medicines to the world. " In the process of discovering artemisinin, Tu _ .
|
[
"began with a private project",
"succeeded during the first experiments",
"faced many different opinions",
"made extracts in a creative way"
] | 3D
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Entire populations of American toads breed within the same few days at the same time each year, usually late April or early May. The toads hop to their breeding ponds after the ground has warmed and the first hard spring rain falls. To get there, many of the toads will cross roads that cut through their habitat. It will be a grand view of hopping toads as well as a disastrous killing by cars! The toads are "slow in moving at that time of year--it's still cool, they've been inactive--and they get killed" by cars when crossing roads, said Serrao, a naturalist. An April night five years ago, when Serrao went out to a country road to watch the moving of the toads, he counted 100 toads; 95 were hit by cars. A similar story can be told for several other species of toads, frogs, crocodiles and turtles around the world. The world's amphibians are reducing, and road-killing is just one factor behind it. Other better-known causes of the decline include global warming, insecticides , and the loss of wetlands. Serrao says unless these animals get help crossing the road, their local populations will disappear. Jackson, a biologist, said one way to help amphibians survive road crossings is to construct "amphibian tunnels" beneath the road. Jackson says tunnels should be a 0.6-meter-by-0.6-meter box, open at the top, and fitted with an iron grate to allow enough air and light into the tunnel. In addition, fences or walls should extend out from either side of a tunnel for about 30 meters, which guide amphibians toward the tunnels. European countries have built amphibian tunnels for decades. Jackson led a team that installed the first such tunnel in prefix = st1 /Americain 1987, which helped over 3/4 of the local amphibian population safely cross the road. Jackson says that there are about a hundred amphibian tunnels in the UStoday, but many of them were not carefully designed and probably not working well because land developers wanted to save money. Which of the following is true?
|
[
"Toads are active when they begin their breeding migration.",
"A toad tunnel works effectively with a grate to let in air and light.",
"Amphibian tunnels were first built in America.",
"One hundred amphibian tunnels in the USwork well"
] | 1B
|
college_biology
|
mmlu_labeled
|
The Independent Project at the Monument Mountain Regional High School in Great Barrington, Massachusetts, is attracting huge interest in the education field. The program is a new concept that has developed a wide variety of students' abilities and excited their interest in education and self-directed learning. They are a group of students that , instead of being educated through the normal school courses, have created their own subjects and project-based interactive learning. The students are almost completely independent. They choose a goal that they want to accomplish and work on for the whole year. These goals have included some impressive attempts such as writing a novel, writing a play , learning the piano and more. Along with these larger attempts , the students meet every day to ask questions about other subjects like natural sciences , social sciences, etc. Although most of them say that they don't like math, they did eventually develop an interest in math through this independent learning technique. The education program, which has attracted a huge variety of students, allows the students to learn and develop research skills and questioning techniques and allows them to truly be interested in the subjects they are diving into . They also teach each other what they have learned , which allows them to develop different way of presenting and gathering material that they have researched. I wish that I could have participated in such a project during my high school career, like writing a novel. I am currently studying English as well as education to pursue a teaching degree. I would love to adapt independent driven projects into a classroom in the future. This project also raises some crucial questions. Do we need to rethink the structure of the education system itself? Are too many students being simply fed through a conveyor belt that we blindly see as working toward their education? I think that the education system needs some improvements , and different learning styles need to be addressed immediately. Individual differences in learning are huge keys to the functioning of a classroom. This project takes the idea to a whole new level. This is an extremely important event in the development of the American education system and I think everyone needs to keep an eye out for more programs like this. By saying "Are too many students --- toward their education?" the author seems to imply that _ .
|
[
"teachers are really important for students.",
"different learning styles should be encouraged.",
"the project works like a conveyor belt of information.",
"knowledge can be better conveyed in smaller classes"
] | 1B
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
It is your sense of smell that quickly tells you there is good food in the kitchen, or your smelly socks need to be washed. But how do we recognize smell? Particular smells turn on certain groups of brain cells , scientists say. When your nose catches a slight smell of something, one of 1,000 different types of odor-receiving cells pick it up. These cells send an electrical signal to a special part of the brain. A group of scientists studied mouse brains using some particular odors like vanilla, apples and fish. They looked at thin slices of each mouse's brain to see which brain cells had been turned on by each odor. The scientists discovered that each odor produces a similar pattern of active cells in different mice. So, a certain combination of cells can tell a mouse that it is smelling vanilla, apples, fish, or any one of the thousands of other smells. Scientists could use studies like this to create a map. It could show which parts of the brain are activated by different smells. Some other scientists, however, say that researchers should also study animals that do not live in a lab, which have spent their lives smelling things in the natural world. With more smelling experience, they might show quite different patterns. By doing mouse experiments, the scientists _ .
|
[
"found different types of odor-receiving cells in mice",
"found each smell creates a similar pattern of active cells in different mice",
"showed that different mice have different brain cells",
"proved that a certain cell can tell a mouse what it smells"
] | 1B
|
college_biology
|
mmlu_labeled
|
LAST week's decision by the International Astronomical Union (IAU) to _ Pluto _ its planetary status, held since its discovery in 1930, has made a lot of people sad. "Pluto," American science writer Dava Sobel writes in her book "The Planets", "still has an emotional hold on planethood. People love Pluto. Children identify with its smallness. Adults felt it hard to accept its isolated existence." Many people felt sorry about Pluto's demotion . "I just cannot accept this at this time," says Liu Ming, 29, who runs a small company in prefix = st1 /Shanghai. "I was taught that 'the Nine Great Planets' formed our solar system since primary school. And now they suddenly decrease the planets to eight. This will take some time for most of us to absorb it," says Liu. Ordinary people are simply not used to it, but for some professionals, especially the persons in charge of planetariums and educators, the change has become a real headache. The "eight instead of nine" change will affect thousands of planetariums around the world. Schools will also be greatly affected. InChina, teachers are anxious as outdated textbooks are printed and given out to the remotest corner of the country for school children ready to start a new term soon. According to the Ministry of Education, new textbooks with changed contents will not be available until next year. Zhao Zhiheng, a member of the Astronomy Association from Tianjin, suggested that primary and middle school teachers be trained in the improved knowledge, and that the media carry more stories to let people know about the change as soon as possible. In the following suggestions, which one is made by Zhao Zhiheng?
|
[
"Planetariums around the world should adapt to the change quickly.",
"The media should make it known to people as soon as possible.",
"Teachers needn't be trained in improved knowledge as soon as possible.",
"Schoolchildren should be ready for the new knowledge."
] | 1B
|
astronomy
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Science Daily--Kids may roll their eyes when their mothers asks them about their school day, but answering her may actually help them learn. New research from Vanderbilt University reveals that children learn the solution to a problem best when they explain it to their mom. "We knew that children learn well with their moms or with a peer, but we did not know if that was because they were getting feedback and help," Bethany Rittle-Johnson, the study's lead author and assistant professor of psychology at Vanderbilt's Peabody College of education and human development, said. "In this study, we just had the children's mothers listen, without providing any assistance. We've found that by simply listening, a mother helps her child learn." Rittle-Johnson believes the new finding can help parents better assist their children with their schoolwork, even when they are not sure of the answer themselves. Although the researchers used children and their mothers in the study, they believe the same results will hold true whether the person is the child's father, grandparent, or other familiar persons. "The basic idea is that it is really effective to try to get kids to explain things themselves instead of just telling them the answer," she said. "Explaining their reasoning, to a parent or perhaps to other people they know, will help them understand the problem and apply what they have learned to other situations. We saw that this simple act of listening by mom made a difference in the quality of the child's explanations and how well they could solve more difficult problems later on. If she wants to help a child with his schoolwork, a mom _ .
|
[
"should know the answer to a problem first",
"should pay attention to the child's feedback.",
"may not know the answer herself",
"should not interrupt the child"
] | 2C
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
If you are interested in animals, you probably heard about the tragedy at Seaworld Orlando. On February 24, Tillicum, a six-ton orca ,was performing with his trainer, Dawn Brancheau, who stood on a platform by his pool. They had done the same show together many times before, without incident. This time, though, events took a terrible turn. Without warning, Tillicum leaped from the water, took hold of Branchcheau by her hair, and dragged her deep below the water's surface. Before other trainers could react, Brancheau drowned. Although known as killer whales, orcas are the largest member of the dolphin family. They are easy to train, and performances like Tillicum's have been done safely thousands of times. Yet Dawn Brancheau's death was a shocking reminder of what can happen when human being act together with wild animals. People began to ask, "Should orcas be kept in captivity " Yes Worldwide, only 42 orcas are being kept by humans. Scientists know very little about these huge sea animals, which are difficult to study in the wild. However, they do know that orcas are easily harmed by pollution. As our oceans become ever more damaged by human activity, observing orcas up close helps us understand them and do a better job of protecting them in nature. "I think that some dangerous animals, such as killer whales, should be kept in captivity because it raises awareness about them and educates people about wild animals," says Lauren, 12, a 6-grader from Colorado. "Keeping some in captivity will help protect their species." No Enclosed habitats can be painful to wild animals, and make them act in unpredictable even harmful ways. "It is wrong to keep these animals in captivity", says Prathm, 12. The 7th-grader from New Jersey, adds, "They should live in their own habitats, not be used as entertainment slaves." Richard Ellis, a marine conservationist in New York, agrees. "It is part of human nature to keep wild animals in small spaces and train them to do tricks," he says. "I' m against it because I think it _ the animals." The text is mainly about _ .
|
[
"how to help animals live a better life",
"how to develop friendship with animals",
"whether killer whales should be protected",
"whether animals should be kept in captivity"
] | 3D
|
anatomy
|
mmlu_labeled
|
People at risk of a heart attack or stroke could benefit from blood-pressure-lowering drugs even if their blood pressure is considered in the normal, healthy range. If such drugs were offered to people with cardiac risks regardless of their blood pressure at the beginning of treatment it could save millions of lives, researchers in Oxford University found. For the study, the team analyzed more than 120 medical trials including around 600,000 people conducted over two decades, saying their findings are a call for an urgent review of existing blood pressure treatment guidelines. "Our findings clearly show that treating blood pressure to a lower level could greatly reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease, if widely conducted," said study lead author Kazem Rahimi. High blood pressure has long been identified as a factor in higher risks of heart disease and strokes, and makes more than a billion people around the globe in torment -- including one out of three U.S. adults. Blood pressure is recorded in millimeters of mercury (mmHg) as two numbers in a ratio: "systolic" pressure inside the arteries when the heart beats as the top number, and "diastolic " pressure between heartbeats, as the heart rests and is refilled with blood. "Normal" blood pressure is considered at 120/80 or below, and is considered "high" at 140/90 or above, according to the American Heart Association. The researchers said their study showed that for every reduction in systolic pressure of 10 mmHg, the risk of heart attacks was reduced by a fifth and that of a stroke around a quarter. Some experts said they thought the study's findings were important but did offer some warnings. "One important warning is that not everyone will be able to tolerate having their blood pressure reduced to low levels, and there is a need to balance possible drug side effects and likely benefits," Smeeth said. What do the findings indicate?
|
[
"Normal blood pressure doesn't mean a healthy body.",
"The existing blood pressure treatment is useless.",
"High blood pressure is the first health killer.",
"High blood pressure causes many diseases."
] | 0A
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Meet Jeff Wilson AKA Professor Dumpster , an environmental scientist and the Dean of Huston Tillotson University in Austin, Texas. The reason for his unusual nickname? He has decided to live in a dumpster for the next year. Yes, the kind that you might find filled with trash behind a restaurant. Wilson says the inspiration to do something first hit him two years ago, when he was working on an article at a neighborhood coffee shop and caught sight of an eight-yard dumpster. Now that he has found one, Professor Dumpster is putting his students to work. After all, the point of this project isn't just to spend his life living out of a garbage can: there is, a much greater purpose involved. As an environmental scientist, the professor constantly thinks about sustainable living and how every person should try to minimize his/her impact on our already stretched resources. That, is the challenge Wilson wanted his students to step up to, this entire year. Using their math, science, engineering and technology skills, he wants them to retrofit his 33 square-foot dumpster into a modern space that includes a shower, a toilet, a kitchen and a bed and is fitted with conveniences like air-conditioning and even WiFi. The demand? It all has to be green and sustainable. www.ks5u.com So why is Wilson planning to go through such hardship? That is because he wants to equip his students with the tools to survive in a world that is rapidly heading towards a population of 10 billion people. A large majority of the population adjust to living in tighter spaces in the world where resources and space should be limited to be used. By promoting awareness and education on these subjects, Wilson is helping students everywhere see that living "small" and sustainably is certainly possible. And while the dumpster project may seem a little crazy to some, the professor thinks of it as a "playful and imaginative" educational experiment and conversation-starter to discuss the fact that all of us can do with less as we move into the future. What requirements does Jeff Wilson ask his students to meet?
|
[
"They should minimize the impact on stretched resources.",
"All their work should be carried out in a modern space.",
"All their work should be green and sustainable.",
"They should change his dumpster into a hotel."
] | 2C
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Based on this information, what is Boba's phenotype for the fur color trait?
|
[
"dark fur",
"light fur"
] | 1B
|
natural science
|
scienceqa
|
The koala is one of Australia's most treasured creatures, which is a lovely little creature. But now, it is in big trouble. Affected by habitat loss and climate change, like many other uniquely Australian animals, koalas are being squeezed into smaller regions. But at present, it is a deadly disease, a somewhat silent killer that causes a further decline in the koala population, that is worrying many scientists about the fate of the koala. The killer is Chlamydia, which has caused symptoms in up to 50 percent of the wild koalas, with probably even more infected but not showing symptoms. It has been particularly severe in Queensland, where nearly all koalas are infected. The disease causes many symptoms including eye infections, which can lead to blindness, making it difficult for them to find their primary food. Treating Chlamydia in wild koalas is a challenge. There is no treatment available for _ . Only a small percentage of the animals can be treated successfully and returned to the wild. Besides, there is no national plan in Australia to save the koala;it is up to each region to make management plans for its koala population. The good news is that researchers are working to test a vaccine that would help prevent further spread. If all goes well, plans can be carried out to distribute the vaccil1e more widely. But it's impossible to vaccinate all wild koalas. Another possibility would be to make vaccine distribution a routi11e part of treatment for the thousands of koalas brought into care centers every year after they are injured by cars or dogs. While it is a combination of problems that are affecting the wild koala population, many experts believe this vaccine would be an important step in helping koalas survive longer. It may buy enough time to give researchers a chance to solve some of the other problems facing Australia's koalas. We can learn from the text that the vaccine _ .
|
[
"would cure the killer Chlamydia quite effectively",
"would only be distributed in koala care centers",
"has already been put into practical use in Australia",
"cannot be distributed to all the infected koalas"
] | 3D
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
In which organisms could evolution occur most rapidly?
|
[
"humans",
"fish",
"birds",
"bacteria"
] | 3D
|
college_biology
|
mmlu_labeled
|
In many English homes people eat four meals a day. They have breakfast at any time from seven to nine in the morning. They eat porridge , eggs and bread and drink tea or coffee for breakfast. Lunch comes at one o'clock. Afternoon tea is from four to five in the afternoon and dinner is at about seven thirty. First they have soup, then they have meat or fish with vegetables. After that, they eat other things, like bananas, oranges or apples. But not all English people eat like that. Some of them have their dinner in the middle of the day. Their meals are breakfast, dinner, tea and supper. And all these meals are very simple . English people have lunch _ .
|
[
"at any time",
"at one",
"from four to five",
"at nine"
] | 1B
|
nutrition
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Which basketball has a higher temperature?
|
[
"the basketball with more thermal energy",
"the basketball with less thermal energy"
] | 0A
|
natural science
|
scienceqa
|
Spending a lot of time watching TV, playing video games and surfing the Web causes a lot of healthy problems to children such as overweight and smoking, US researchers said yesterday. U.S. experts analyzed 173 studies on how media sources influence the physical health of children and adolescents . The studies, mostly carried out in the prefix = st1 /United States, largely focused on television, but some looked at video games, films, music, computer and Internet use. Three quarters of them found that increased media viewing was connected with poor health. The studies offered strong evidence that children who get more media exposure are more likely to become overweight, start smoking and begin earlier sexual activity than those who spend less time in front of a screen, the researchers said. Studies also showed more media exposure is linked to drug and alcohol use and poorer school performance. "We were pretty surprised by the number of studies that showed these negative health results," said one of the researchers in the report. For decades, experts have worried about the effect on young viewers of the violence and sexual content in some TV programs, movies and video games. Another issue is that kids are spending time sitting on a couch watching TV or playing computer games when they could be running around outside. One study found that children who spend more than eight hours watching TV per week at age 3 are more likely to be overweight at 7. And research showed that many USchildren watch far more. Another study showed TV and other media content can have a deep influence on children's attitudes and beliefs, particularly among teens. A US study published in November showed that adolescents who watched more programs with sexual themes had a higher risk of becoming pregnant or causing a pregnancy. Thirteen of 14 studies that evaluated sexual behavior found a connection between media exposure and earlier sexual behavior, the researchers said. How did the experts carry out their research?
|
[
"By examining health problems including overweight and smoking.",
"By analyzing 173 studies on influences of media sources.",
"By watching TV, playing video games and surfing the Web.",
"By offering strong evidence that children become overweight."
] | 1B
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Wikipedia: The Online Know-It-All If you want to find out a piece of information about anything, the best place to search for it is Wikipedia. The name "Wikipedia" is from the Hawaiian word wiki, meaning "quick". This online encyclopedia is written by thousands of people around the world. Anyone with Internet access can write, add or make changes to Wikipedia articles if he or she finds it incorrect or not well written. In this way, people who know a lot about a certain subject can write about it even if they are not university professors. But contributions cannot damage Wikipedia because many experienced editors are watching pages and techies can write editing programs to keep track of or correct bad edits. Where there are disagreements on how to present facts, editors work together to arrive at an article that fairly represents current expert opinion on the subject. Wikipedia is quite different from paper-based reference sources in important ways. Unlike printed encyclopedias, it is continually created and updated, with articles on historic events appearing within minutes, rather than months or years. What's more, Wikipedia includes articles written in about 285 languages. This fact makes it one of the few websites on the Internet that are truly international. It was started in 2001 by Larry Sanger and Jimmy Wales, as a free online English-language encyclopedia project. Since its creation, it has grown rapidly into one of the largest reference websites, attracting nearly 500 million unique visitors monthly. There are more than 77,000 active contributors working on more than 22,000,000 articles in different languages. As of today, there are 4,396,866 articles in English. So, if you are looking for some information, why not try Wikipedia? It's free, multilingual,and informative. From the passage we know that _ .
|
[
"Wikipedia only charges users a small fee",
"Wikipedia catches a wide audience",
"incorrect editions might do great harm to Wikipedia",
"it will take long to update the information on Wikipedia"
] | 1B
|
college_computer_science
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Subsets and Splits
No community queries yet
The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.