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stringlengths 4
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listlengths 2
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class label 4
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stringclasses 4
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|---|---|---|---|---|
Which of the following guidelines is applicable to initialization of the weight vector in a fully connected neural network.
|
[
"Should not set it to zero since otherwise it will cause overfitting",
"Should not set it to zero since otherwise (stochastic) gradient descent will explore a very small space",
"Should set it to zero since otherwise it causes a bias",
"Should set it to zero in order to preserve symmetry across all neurons"
] | 1B
|
machine_learning
|
mmlu
|
Can you imagine traveling to work in a one - man submarine? Some scientists believe that some day one - man submarines will be as many as automobiles are today.A famous French driver says, "One day soon, men will walk on the ocean floor as they do on the street!" Perhaps during your lifetime people will travel, and live in the sea. If human beings want to live in the ocean, many human problems will need to be studied first. Some of these problems, similar to those of living in outer space, are pressure, lack of oxygen and weightlessness. Many questions are still unanswered.For example, can our blood make itself fit for underwater surroundings? What will happen to our muscle if we live in the water very long? Scientists are looking for answers. Perhaps in the future man will live in the sea, away from the crowded and noisy cities on land.Then sea has plenty of space, not only for floating living buildings and parks, but also for storing supplies and for underwater travel. Some scientists believe that ocean living will benefit man in more than physical ways. In the freedom and beauty of the deep sea, man may find new sources of joy. Which of the following statements is true according to the passage? ( )
|
[
"The scientists have not solved the problem of weightlessness underwater.",
"The scientists have solved the problem of weightlessness when man live in space.",
"Some scientists believe that ocean living will benefit man in no more than physical ways.",
"Sea has plenty of space only for floating living buildings and parks."
] | 0A
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
A young man from a village called Nawalapitiya married a young woman from Maiyuwa, a small village. They lived with the man's big family-his parents, his brothers, their wives and children. The family kept an elephant, in which the woman soon took a great interest. Every day she fed it with fruit and sugar. Three months later, having quarreled with her husband, the woman went back to her parents' home. Soon the elephant refused to eat and work. It appeared to be ill and heartbroken. One morning after several weeks the animal disappeared from the house. It went to the woman's home. On seeing her, the elephant waved its trunk and touched her with it. The young woman was so moved by the act of the animal .So she went back to her husband's home. The woman left her new home _ .
|
[
"to visit her own parents in Maiyuwa",
"to see if the elephant would follow her",
"because she was angry with her husband",
"because she was tired of the large family"
] | 2C
|
human_sexuality
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Do you have the experience of taking music lessons against your wishes? Perhaps you have complained about it because you thought it took you much playtime. But now you'd better thank your parents for their time and money spent on your musical training. A recent study suggests music lessons can make children have better memories than their peers . The Canadian study showed that after one year of musical training, children did better on a memory test than those who didn't take music lessons. The researchers made the children aged between 4 and 6 into two groups -- one group of children took music lessons outside school, and the other didn't take any musical training. In one year, they took four tests in different times. The results showed brain development changes at least every four months. The children taking music lessons not only did better in musical listening but also made faster progress in other ways, such as reading, writing, math and IQ. People say music is the good medicine for a broken heart. Now it seems music can also help us to improve our memories. We are sure to find more and more in the wonderful world of music. The researchers made one group of the children aged 4~6 take music lessons for _ .
|
[
"six months",
"a year",
"two years",
"a week"
] | 1B
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Researchers conducting a study of hospital stays for over two hundred and eighty six thousand older folks found something interesting in their data. The number of hospitalizations for heart disease and stroke went down significantly among a certain group of people at a certain time of year. What folks, and what time of year, you ask? Flu season and the lucky people were the ones who got flu shots . It's generally recommended that people over fifty get their flu shots every year. Influenza is no small thing. it's responsible for around thirty six thousand deaths a year in the U. S. alone. Getting the shots also cuts down on the chances of getting pneumonia , which is especially dangerous in seniors. But what wasn't known was that there seems to be an added benefit to getting a flu shots in terms of _ heart problems. The data,in fact, are quite strong in suggesting this is the case. In this study, flu shots cut clown the number of hospitalizations for heart disease by nineteen percent. Stroke went down sixteen percent one season and a whopping twenty-three percent a second season.These are big results. So what's the connection between getting a flu shot and having a stronger heart? It isn't yet known. Researchers speculate that the flu virus itself may do damage to blood vessels , possibly making clots more likely. Blood clots in the heart can cause heart attacks, and blood clots in the brain can cause strokes. Whatever the specific details are, there's one more good reason to follow your doctor' s advice and get that annual flu shot. According to the passage, we'd better _ .
|
[
"work out to fight against influenza",
"get flu shot every year",
"follow our doctor's all advice",
"protect our blood vessels"
] | 1B
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
A program in our college helps you work part-time to ease your pressure from costs. If you need more money to cover all of your education-related costs, this program may be fit for you. Advantages Work experience: Last year, more than 1,400 positions were available across all departments. The jobs wary from one department to the next, and in most cases, participants find a position in their chosen field. Money: During the regular academic year(September to April), you can work party-time and earn $3,200---sometimes more---while you take courses! During the summer time, you work full-time and can earn around $6,000 over 18 weeks. Easy access: Applying for the program is easy. There is no need for face-to-face interview. All the forms you need are online; just fill in the forms and email us; we accept no letter or phone application! Did you know? At the University of Ottawa, it is not necessary to receive government assistance to qualify for our Work-Study Program. _ You could have one of these great Work-Study jobs: *Student ambassador *Computing and network technician *Marketing assistant *Sports team manager *Researcher/translator/Writer And more! The admission Section receives and evaluates applications to undergraduate programs, in addition to answering applicants' questions. Phone: 613-562-5315 Toll-free: 1-877-868-8292(#5315) What are you required to do to apply for the program?
|
[
"Get some working experience.",
"Take a face-to face interview",
"Phone the Admission Section telling your needs.",
"Complete your application forms and email them."
] | 3D
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Is the following trait inherited or acquired?
Jenny has a scar on her right leg.
|
[
"acquired",
"inherited"
] | 0A
|
natural science
|
scienceqa
|
First, open the lid (-) and put water, salt, and rice in the pot. Then put the cover on the pot and close the lid. Next, press the button for "white" or "brown", and then press the "start" button. Let the rice cook for about 30 minutes. You'll hear a beeping sound when it's finished, but you should wait about five minutes before eating. Finally, take out the pot. Bring it to the table and enjoy your meal. How many buttons do you need to press?
|
[
"One.",
"Two.",
"Three",
"Four."
] | 1B
|
computer_security
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Does this passage describe the weather or the climate?
Joey lives in a city where the wind often blows from the south throughout the year.
|
[
"weather",
"climate"
] | 1B
|
natural science
|
scienceqa
|
Come and see the Indian elephants and the new tigers form Northeast of China. The beautiful birds from England are ready to sing songs for you, and the monkeys from Mount Emei will be happy to talk to you. The lovely dogs from Australia want to laugh at you. Sichuan pandas will play balls for you. The giraffes from Africaare waiting to look down on you. Keep the zoo clean. Do not touch, feed or go near to the animals. How many kinds of animals are mentioned in the passage?
|
[
"Three.",
"Four.",
"Five.",
"Seven."
] | 3D
|
anatomy
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Using only these supplies, which question can Quinn investigate with an experiment?
|
[
"Does a catapult with a longer arm launch a rubber ball farther than a catapult with a shorter arm?",
"Does a heavier ball travel farther than a lighter ball when launched from a catapult?",
"Does a rubber ball travel farther when launched from a metal catapult or from a wooden catapult?"
] | 0A
|
natural science
|
scienceqa
|
Ask just about any college student you know,and he is likely to tell you that he is a member of facebook.com.Many students say they check their e-mail.It's so popular "facelooking"has become a verb "Everywhere everyone is doing it,"college student Katie Silverman said,"It's like everyone's center of life." Facebook is an online social meeting place where students create profiles ,share personal information, and meet other members. It is password protected and targeted to high school and college students;members must have an edu.email address to join. Many students say it has changed their social lives, giving them an easy way to find and chat with classmates who share their interests."Some people might be too shy to go to talk to someone they like in one of their classes,but on facebook it's a lot easier to strike up a conversation,"said Rahul Vanjani. The website was founded by two Harward University students who wanted to meet more of their classmates.It became so popular that the website is at 2,200 colleges and at 22,000 high schools.It says that it has 6 million active users,two--thirds of whom are on it every day.Many of the facebook members said their parents had no idea they were on it ."No way.My parents certainly don't know about it," said a college senior who asked us not to use his name. To keep it popular,Facebook says it stops students posting improper information.Some students have paid the price.At Fisher College in Boston,two students were kicked out for using facebook.com to do something that is against the law.At North Carolina State University,four students were punished for posting photos about drinking. To become a member of Facebook,you must _ .
|
[
"have an edu,e--mail dress",
"have your own profile",
"be a high school student",
"offer main personal information"
] | 0A
|
college_computer_science
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Based on the Doppler effect, the electromagnetic waves reaching Earth from a galaxy that is moving away from Earth would be expected to
|
[
"experience an increase in their amplitude.",
"experience an increase in frequency.",
"experience a decrease from transverse waves to longitudinal waves.",
"experience a decrease in frequency."
] | 3D
|
astronomy
|
mmlu_labeled
|
When it rains, some animals will ___.
|
[
"hibernate for the season",
"migrate to warmer climates",
"change their body covering",
"move to seek shelter"
] | 3D
|
natural_science
|
ai2_arc_challenge
|
Those who spend more pre-bedtime hours using the Internet or watching television are more likely to report insufficient sleep, even though they sleep almost as long as people spending fewer pre-bedtime hours in front of a computer or television screen, survey findings show. "While many people use electronic media, say, the Internet, it should be noted that the longer media use before sleep can trigger (self-perceived) insufficient sleep," lead researcher Dr Nakamori Suganuma, of Osaka University, Japan, told the reporter. He and colleagues obtained data on self-perceived sleep problems and the use of electronic media prior to bedtime from 5,875 altogether Japanese respondents in two separate Internet-based surveys. Their findings are published in Sleep and Biological Rhythms. Nearly half of the respondents associated their problem with electronic media use before bedtime. Longer electronic media users were also more likely to report insufficient sleep. "Overall, 29% of light users (less than 1.5 hours) listed electronic media use as a possible cause of their insufficient sleep. By comparison, 40% of medium users (1.5 to 3 hours) and 54% of heavy users (more than 3 hours) said the same. However, longer Internet and television use before bedtime did not _ less actual sleep. While heavy users averaged about 3 more hours in front of computer or television screens than light users, the heavy users averaged only about 12 minutes less pre-workday sleep time than light users. Notably, Suganuma said, "Internet use affected self-perceived insufficient sleep more than TV watching not only in younger Internet users but also in middle-aged or aged Internet users." Up to 38% of the respondents listed accessing the Internet far into the night as a possible cause for their sleep disturbance, while about 25% said watching television far into the night caused it. The findings suggest that while heavy computer and television use before bedtime has a small effect on sleep duration, it may have a more significant effect on "sleep demand and sleep quality," Suganuma notes. Which of the following statements is true according to the passage?
|
[
"Heavy computer and television user before bed time have less sleeping time than light ones.",
"Heavy computer and television user before bed time have worse sleep than light ones.",
"Those suffering insufficient sleep spend less time in using internet than in watching TV.",
"Spend less time in watching TV or surfing the internet, and you will have a better sleep."
] | 1B
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Complete the statement.
Carbon dioxide is ().
|
[
"a compound",
"an elementary substance"
] | 0A
|
natural science
|
scienceqa
|
An example of a fossil could be a
|
[
"dino track",
"animal eye",
"human heart",
"abandoned nest"
] | 0A
|
college_biology
|
mmlu_labeled
|
A flowing stream contains water at 18°C. Cans of soft drinks at 28°C are lowered into the stream. Which of the following will most likely occur?
|
[
"The soft drink cans will absorb cold energy from the stream's water.",
"The cans will cool until their temperature is the same as the stream's.",
"The temperature of the soft drinks will not change since the cans are sealed.",
"The temperature of the cans will decrease to freezing as long as the stream is flowing."
] | 1B
|
college_physics
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Which would least refract light?
|
[
"a cardboard box",
"a bottle",
"a gem",
"a diamond"
] | 0A
|
high_school_physics
|
mmlu_labeled
|
In sports the sexes are separate. Women and men do not run or swim in the same races. Women are less strong than men. _ . Women are called the weaker sex, or ,if men want to please them, "the fair sex". But boys and girls are taught together at schools and universities .There are women who are famous Prime Ministers, scientists and writers. And women live longer than men. A European woman can expect to live until the age of 74, a man only until he is 68. Are women's bodies really weaker? The fastest men can run a mile under 4 minutes. The best women need 4.5 minutes .Women's times are always slower than men's ,but some facts are a surprise. Some of the fastest women swimmers today are teenager girls. One of them swam 400 meters in 4 minutes 21.2 seconds when she was only 16. The first "Tarzan" in films was an Olympic swimmer ,Johnny Weissmuller. His fastest 400 meters was 4 minutes 59.1 seconds, which is 37.9 seconds slower than a girl 50 years later ! This does not mean that women are catching men up .Conditions are very different now ,and sport is much more serious .It is so serious that some women athletes are given hormone injections. At the Olympics a doctor has to check whether the women athletes are really women or not. It seems sad that sport has such problems. Life can be very complicated when there are two separate sexes! What problems does sport have?
|
[
"Some women athletes are actually men.",
"Some women athletes are given hormone injections.",
"Women and men do not run or swim in the same races.",
"It is difficult to check whether women athletes are really women."
] | 1B
|
human_sexuality
|
mmlu_labeled
|
What is the temperature of an ice cream sandwich?
|
[
"36°C",
"36°F"
] | 1B
|
natural science
|
scienceqa
|
I'm Dale.I'm a green and yellow pencil ease.What's this? Oh, it's Helen, a pen.And that's Frank, a ruler.Helen is black and Frank is blue.What's this in English? It's a jacket, a white jacket.Its name is Alice.What color is the key? Oh, it's black. ,. The jacket is _ .
|
[
"Frank",
"Eric",
"Helen",
"Alice"
] | 3D
|
elementary_mathematics
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Two balls rolled down two identical inclined planes. The balls were exactly the same mass and size, but one ball rolled down the inclined plane faster. Identify a possible reason that one ball rolled faster than the other ball.
|
[
"One ball was red and the other ball was blue.",
"One ball was new and the other ball was old.",
"One ball was shiny and the other ball was dull.",
"One ball was sticky and the other ball was smooth."
] | 3D
|
natural_science
|
ai2_arc_challenge
|
Suppose that we lined up our roughly 14 million United States businesses in order of size, starting with the smallest, along an imaginary road from San Francisco to New York. There will be 4,500 businesses to the mile, or a little less than one per foot. Suppose further that we planted a flag each business. The height of the flag pole represents the yearly volume of sales , each $ 10, 000 in sales in shown by one foot of pole. The line of flagpoles is a very interesting sight. From San Francisco to about Reno, it is almost unnoticeable, a row of poles about a foot high. From Reno eastward the poles increase in height until, near Columbus, Ohio - about four - fifths of the way across the nation - flags fly about 10 feet in the air. But as we approach the eastern terminus , the poles suddenly begin to mount . There are about 300, 000 firms in the country with sales over $ 500, 000. These firms take up the last 75 miles of the 3,000 - mile road. There are 200, 000 firms with sales over $ 1 million. They take up the last 50 miles. Then there are 1, 000 firms with sales of $ 50, 000, 000 or more. They take up the last quarter of a mile before the city limits, flags flying at cloud height, 5 , 000 feet up . At the very gate of New York, on the last 100 feet of the last mile , we find the 100 largest industrial firms . They have sales of at least $ 1.5 billion, so that their flags are already miles high. Along the last 10 feet of road , there are 10 largest companies . Their sales are roughly $ 10 billion and up : their flags fly 190 miles in the air , almost in the stratosphere . What's the correct order of the following places from east to west?
|
[
"San Francisco, Reno, New York, Columbus.",
"San Francisco, Reno, Columbus, New York.",
"New York, Columbus, Reno, San Francisco",
"New York, Reno, Columbus, San Francisco"
] | 2C
|
high_school_microeconomics
|
mmlu_labeled
|
An example of a circuit would be
|
[
"Rock climbing",
"running a mile",
"dimming a bulb",
"swimming a lap"
] | 2C
|
electrical_engineering
|
mmlu_labeled
|
They said highly anxious rats which were kept had very low levels of a brain chemical called fibroblast growth factor 2 or FGF2, compared with rats that were more relaxed. But when they improved the anxious rats' living conditions -- giving them new toys to explore and a bigger cage to live in -- levels of this brain chemical increased and they became less anxious. "The levels of this brain chemical increased in response to the experiences that the rats were exposed to. It also decreased their anxiety". Javier Perez of the University of Michigan said in a telephone interview. "It made them behave the same way as the rats that were relaxed", he said. In a former study of people who were severely depressed before they died, the team found the gene that makes FGF2 was producing very low levels of the growth factor, which is known primarily for organizing the brain during development and repairing it after injury. Perez thinks the brain chemical may be a marker for genetic vulnerability to anxiety and depression. But it can also respond to changes in the environment in a positive way, possibly by preserving new brain cells. While both the calm and anxious rats produced the same number of new brain cells, these cells were less likely to survive in the high-anxiety rats, the team found. Giving the rats better living conditions or injecting them with FGF2 helped improve cell survival. "This discovery may pave the way for new, more specific treatments for anxiety that will not be based on sedation , but will instead fight the real cause of the disease," Dr. Pier Vincenzo Piazza from France said in a statement. Which of the following would be the most suitable title for the passage?
|
[
"Anxious rats and relaxed rats",
"Anxiety -- a serious mental disease",
"Brain chemical may play key role in anxiety",
"Scientific research into the brain is important"
] | 2C
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Bill Gates was born on October 28th, 1955. He and his two sisters grew up inprefix = st1 /Seattle. Their father, William H. Gates II, was aSeattleattorney . Mary Gates, their late mother, was a school teacher. Gates attended public elementary school before moving on to the private Lakeside School in North Seattle. It was at Lakeside that Gates began his career in personal computer soft- ware, programming computers at age 13. In 1973, Gates enteredHarvardUniversityas a freshman, where he lived down the hall from Steve Ballmer, who is now Microsoft's president. While at Harvard, Gates developed a version of the programming language BASIC for the first microcomputer---the MITS Astair. In his junior year, Gates dropped out of Harvard to devote his energies full-time to Microsoft, a company he had started in 1975 with his boyhood friend Paul Allen. Guided by a belief that the personal computer would be a valuable tool on every office desk-top and in every home, they began developing software for personal computers. Gates' foresight and vision have led to the success of Microsoft and the software industry. He plays an important role in the technical development of new products. Much of his time is devoted to meeting with customers and staying in contact with Microsoft employees around the world through e-mail. In the dozen years since Microsoft went public, Gates has donated more than $ 800 mil- lion to charities , including $ 200 million to the Gates Library Foundation to help libraries in North America take advantage of new technologies and the Information Age. Why did he drop out of Harvard?
|
[
"To change school.",
"To spend all his energies to Microsoft.",
"To find a full-time job.",
"To earn money."
] | 1B
|
college_computer_science
|
mmlu_labeled
|
You are careful with your money: you collect all kinds of coupons; look for group-buy deals if you eat out; you don't buy clothes unless in a sale. Does all this make you a wise consumer? Let's do the math first: you walk into a coffee shop and see two deals for a cup of coffee. The first deal offers 33 percent extra coffee. The second takes 33 percent off the regular price. What's the better deal? Well, they are about the same, you'd think. And you'd be wrong. The deals appear to be equal, but in fact, they are different. Here's the math: Let's say the standard coffee is 10 yuan and let's divide the amount of coffee into three portions . That makes about 3.3 yuan per portion, The first deal gets you 4 portions for 10 yuan (2.5 yuan per portion) and the second gets you 3 portions of coffee for 6.6 yuan (2.2 yuan per portion) and is therefore a better deal. In a new study published by the Journal of Marketing, participants were asked the same question, and most of them chose the first deal, the Atlantic website reported. Why? Because getting something extra for free feels better than getting the same for less. The applications of this view into consumer psychology are huge. Instead of offering direct discounts, shops offer larger sizes or free samples. According to the study, the reason why these marketing tricks work is that consumers don't really know how much anything should cost, so we rely on parts of our brains that aren't strictly quantitative. There are some traps we should be aware of when shopping. First of all, we are heavily influenced by the first number. Suppose you are shopping in Hong Kong. You walk into Hermes, and you see a 100,000 yuan bag. "That's crazy." You shake your head and leave. The next shop is Gucci, a handbag here costs 25,000 yuan. The price is still high, but compared to the 100,000 yuan price tag you just committed to your memory, this is a steal. Stores often use the price difference to set consumers' expectation. zxxk Another trap we often fall to Is that we are not really sure what things are worth. And so we use clues to tell us what we ought to pay for them. US economist Dan Ariely has done an experiment to prove this. According to the Atlantic, Ariely pretended he was giving a lecture on poetry. He told one group of students that the tickets cost money and another group that they would be paid to attend. Then he informed both groups that thelecture was free. The first group was anxious to attend, believing they were getting something of value for free. The second group mostly declined, believing they were being forced to volunteer for the same event without reward. What's a lecture on poetry by an economist worth? The students had no idea. That's the point. Do we really know what a shirt is worth ? What about a cup of coffee? What's the worth of a life insurance.policy? Who knows? Most of us don't. As a result, our shopping brain uses only what is knowable: visual clues, invited emotions, comparisons, and a sense of bargain. We are not stupid. We are just easily influenced. According to the passage, shops use the following tricks to make more profits EXCEPT _
|
[
"showing price differences",
"offering larger sizes",
"providing free samples",
"giving direct discounts"
] | 3D
|
high_school_microeconomics
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Which change better matches the sentence?
An area becomes drier than usual after a year without rain.
|
[
"volcanic eruption",
"drought"
] | 1B
|
natural science
|
scienceqa
|
China's economy grows,salaries rise;and more city residents feel the need to hit the road in what has become a symbol of individuality and freedom--a car.China has a growing love affair with the car.This is clear at the Beijing Asian Games Village Automobile Exchange,where more and more people come to look and,increasingly,to buy. The Asian Games Village Automobile Exchange is the biggest car dealership inBeijing.General manager Guo Yong says the business sells more than 2,000 cars each week.Guo says it is much easier for Chinese consumers to buy a car now.Also,the emergence of less expensive domestic brands like Chery and BYD means more Chinese can afford cars. For decades,most Chinese city residents have got about by bicycle or public buses and trains.Now,in many areas,the number of new cars is growing faster than the road system,leaving city streets jammed with traffic. Guo Liang has wanted to buy a car for a decade,and he will be the first in his family to own one.He is not prevented by Beijing's traffic jams.Guo says if the traffic is too bad,he will use the ear for leisure or holidays with his family. World Bank transportation specialist Shomik Mendhiratta says a car is something people in any society would be eager to own."Getting a car makes people feel like they have arrived in the middle class."Mendhiratta said."It has got a huge status associated with it.It's a fantastic thing to have,if you have never had a car.A car gives you a mobility that's unbelievable." What's the problem caused by the growth of new cars?
|
[
"It makes people less healthy.",
"It makes city streets jammed with traffic.",
"It makes people often go to work late.",
"It makes people belong to the middle class."
] | 1B
|
high_school_microeconomics
|
mmlu_labeled
|
An atom becomes an ion with a -1 charge because the atom
|
[
"gains one electron.",
"loses one electron.",
"gains one proton.",
"loses one proton."
] | 0A
|
natural_science
|
ai2_arc_challenge
|
Which process directly adds carbon into the atmosphere?
|
[
"increasing plant populations",
"decreasing animal populations",
"burning fossil fuels",
"forming sedimentary rock"
] | 2C
|
high_school_chemistry
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Select the vertebrate.
|
[
"opossum",
"bess beetle",
"rock lobster",
"fireworm"
] | 0A
|
natural science
|
scienceqa
|
My good friend Lucy has a big family. Many people are in her family: her grandparents, her parents, her uncle, her aunt, her two cousins and she. Alan and Gina are her grand-parents. Nick and Sonia are her parents. Paul is her uncle and Mona is her aunt. Dave is Paul and Mona's son. He is 12. Linda is Dave's sister. She is 10. _ members are in Lucy's family.
|
[
"Six",
"Seven",
"Eight",
"Nine"
] | 3D
|
human_sexuality
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Do you want to live a happier, less stressful life? Try laughing for no reason at all. That's how thousands of people start their day at Laughter Clubs around the world - and many doctors now think that having a good laugh might be one of the best ways to stay healthy. The first Laughter Club was started in Mumbai, India, in 1995 by Dr Madan Kataria. "Young children laugh about 300 times a day. Adults laugh between 7 and 15 times a day," says Dr Kataria. "Everyone's naturally good at laughing - it's the universal language. We want people to feel happy with their lives." There are now more than 500 Laughter Clubs in India and over 1,300 worldwide. Many doctors are also interested in the effects of laughter on our health. According to a 5 - year study in the body. Laughter improves our health against illness by about 40%. So, what happens at a Laughter Club? I went along to my nearest club in South London to find out. I was quite nervous at the beginning of the class, to be honest - I wasn't interested in laughing with a group of strangers, and I was worried about looking stupid. Our laughter teacher told us to clap our hands and say "ho ho ho, ha ha ha," while looking at each other. However, our bodies can't tell the difference between fake laughter and real laughter, so they still produce the same healthy effects. Surprisingly, it works! After ten minutes everybody in the room was laughing for real - and some people just couldn't stop! At the end of the class I was surprised by how relaxed and comfortable I felt. So if you're under stress, then start laughing. You might be very pleased with the results! When did the people in the club begin to laugh for real?
|
[
"After a few minutes.",
"After a few hours.",
"After a few seconds.",
"After a few days."
] | 0A
|
nutrition
|
mmlu_labeled
|
A son inherits a feature from his father through DNA, so the son is likely to have his dad's
|
[
"sense of humor",
"temper",
"aversion to garlic",
"nose"
] | 3D
|
medical_genetics
|
mmlu_labeled
|
In the past two years, his wife, Merlie, and their seven children have said "goodbye" to him four times, most recently last month. Each time it has been unnecessary. Mr. Smart had a hip replacement in February at the Burnie hospital but was rushed back two months later with internal bleeding. "The doctors couldn't stop the bleeding," Mrs. Smart said. Medical staff told Mrs. Smart to contact her family, which includes children in Western Australia. "It took two days for them to get here. We had to hope he _ ." he did. "The doctors were there 24 hours a day and they stopped the bleeding. They brought him back," Mrs. Smart said. "I certainly believe in miracles because I've seen one happen, but it wouldn't have happened if the doctors didn't do what they did." It was the second time Mrs. Smart thought she was losing her husband of 54 years. Two years ago, Mr. Smart was admitted to the Launceston General Hospital after a heart attack and a few days later with intense pain caused by a hemorrhage . Again, the family was called to say goodbye---twice. "I was given a 50-50 chance of coming out of it, " Mr. Smart said. Going through the ordeal (,) then was trying on the family, who had prepared themselves for the worst. But to face the same situation only two years later was hard. The Smarts said the support they received at the Burnie hospital helped them through. And it seems the experience has also left an impression at the hospital. Mrs. Smart said when she rang recently and mentioned her husband's name, the reply was "ah the miracle man". The first time Mrs. Smart and the children said goodbye to Mr. Smart was when he had _ .
|
[
"a hip replacement",
"internal bleeding",
"a heart attack",
"intense pain caused by a hemorrhage"
] | 2C
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Cancer is best described as
|
[
"a type of genetic engineering",
"the merging of sex cells",
"abnormal cell division",
"tissue that stops growing"
] | 2C
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Some foods that humans eat, such as corn and peas, are actually seeds from plants. What best describes the role of humans in a food web containing these plants?
|
[
"a consumer",
"a decomposer",
"a producer",
"a scavenger"
] | 0A
|
college_biology
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Although cats may be one of the most popular pets today, little is known about how and when humans and cats set up their close relationship. The earliest evidence for human-cat interaction dates back to prehistoric Cyprus , where the remains of a wild cat and a human -- dated 9,500 years old -- were found buried together. A new study in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences has confirmed the first direct evidence of a human-domestic cat relationship among Chinese farmers 5,300 years ago. Researchers studied the bones of cats, dogs, deer and other animals unearthed in an excavation near a village in Central China. By using some ways, scientists showed that the cats were living on a mostly millet -based diet, just like the domesticated dogs and pigs from the site. "The most reasonable explanation for a high consumption of millet-based food is that the cats had formed a stable and mutual relationship with humans and could easily feed on rodents around human villages, find leftover food or even have been fed by people intentionally," said Hu Yaowu from the Chinese Academy of Sciences in Beijing, whose research focuses on the relationship between humans and domesticated animals. "It is very interesting for us to find the consumption of millet-based foods by the cats, since this kind of evidence had long been missing." Hu explains. Since cats usually eat meat, such a diet would be unexpected, unless the cats were being fed by people, the study argues. The researchers also found that one of the cats survived to reach old age, implying that it had a safe place to live and enough to eat. Why the farmers wanted to keep cats nearby or make them "pets" could be answered by other evidence. Chinese archaeologists found some storage containers were specifically designed to keep out rodents -- a vermin that cats could certainly have helped with. The simplified theory is that rats were attracted to the food of farmers, and so were harmful to farmers. Cats were attracted to the rats, and so farmers formed a mutually beneficial relationship with cats, taking care of them in return for pest control. The evidence found in the remains dating back to prehistoric Cyprus means _ .
|
[
"human made cats pets as early as 9,500 years ago",
"human interacted with cats very early",
"cats didn't appear until prehistoric Cyprus",
"when cats became domesticated"
] | 1B
|
anatomy
|
mmlu_labeled
|
The poorer mental function seen among alcoholics,many of whom also regularly smoke cigarettes,may be partly due to the long term effects of nicotine ,new research suggests. "People who are also smokers are at a much higher risk," Dr.Jennifer M.Glass of the University of Michigan's Addiction Research Center said. In her study,"Cigarette smoking has a bad effect on IQ and thinking," she said. This finding may seem counterintuitive ,since many smokers show that they feel quicker and focused after smoking. Indeed,research shows that improved mental functioning is one of the immediate effects of nicotine exposure. _ Studies show that up to 87 percent of alcoholics smoke cigarettes. Yet,few studies have looked into cigarette smoking as a factor that might explain the cognitive lack reported among alcoholics. To search for that association,Glass and her colleagues examined brain function among 172 men from the same area,including 103 men who abused alcohol. The team found that men with higher scores on the lifetime alcohol problems scale(LAPS)and those who reported a higher number of pack years of smoking both had lower IQ scores. Upon further research,the researchers found that smoking also appeared to be independently associated with weaker word and space reasoning. Thus,though smoking did not account for all of the decreased mental functioning observed among the alcohol abusers,it did seem to account for some of the effects,the report indicates. The purpose of this passage is .
|
[
"to warn us of the bad effects of smoking on IQ and thinking",
"to tell us why people are addicted to smoking",
"to give us some advice on how to improve IQ and reasoning",
"to compare the bad effects of alcohol and cigarette"
] | 0A
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
One day, Soapy Smith and I visited a shelter for badly-treated women located in a deserted section of the city. No one smiled a greeting, and they appeared uninterested in Soapy. One little girl in particular moved like a wisp in the background. The staff informed me that she had been there for over a month and had not spoken the entire time. Her mother said she had talked at one time but not in recent memory. I didn't want to imagine what could have happened to rob this little girl of the natural curiosity and enthusiasm so natural to childhood. Spreading a blanket on the floor, I sat down and put Soapy on the blanket. As the silent child circled past me, I told the group that Soapy would come to talk to them if they sat on his blanket. Several children did this, including the silent girl. She sat rigidly at the edge of the blanket, legs held stiffly out straight in front of her. She was staring hard at Soapy. It appeared that he kept making eye contact with her. She didn't reach out to him or encourage him in any way. Rather she sat tensely, just staring. Finally Soapy came to a stop about two inches from her. He quietly reached out and laid his chin on her knee. I was astonished. While a common behavior for dogs, this is not a behavior exhibited by rabbits, especially not by this rabbit. The child did not reach out to touch Soapy. Instead, she slowly leaned toward him. When her face was within inches of his, she carefully reached out and circled him with her arms. So softly that no one in the room could hear, she began to talk. Folded around the rabbit, she pillowed her head on his back and whispered to him. Soapy remained motionless. I looked up and noticed that the shelter workers had stopped talking. Every adult in the room froze in place. Time seemed to have stopped. The little girl reappeared when I was preparing to leave. She reached her hands out and looked me directly in the eye. I held Soapy out to her. She wrapped him in a big hug and pressed her face against him. Suspended from my hands as he was, I was concerned that he would begin to struggle. Instead he reached out his head again and laid it on the child's shoulder. His breathing slowed and he closed his eyes. As quickly as it happened, the little girl released her hug and stepped back. As she turned away, I thought I saw the beginnings of a faint smile. The rabbit in his cloud of soft, warm fur had touched something deep in the child -- something that had died from too much hard experience. Soapy's innocence and trust appeared to arouse those very same qualities in the little girl. It seems the language of the heart is simple after all. The little girl didn't speak any word because _ .
|
[
"she liked staying silent and still",
"she had no friends to talk with",
"she had too much hard experience",
"the people in the shelter all kept silent"
] | 2C
|
human_sexuality
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Longman Dictionary with CD-ROM The dictionary is unique because it has been written using the Longman Defining Vocabulary. Only this dictionary uses a defining vocabulary comprised of the 2,000 words that make up the intermediate-level student's most frequent vocabulary. This new edition has been completely updated using Longman's unique, comprehensive database of spoken and written American English. A must for all ESL classrooms. Pronunciation Power New technology to improve your English quickly! Pronunciation Power is a range of user-friendly, interactive CD programs for ESL learners to improve your English pronunciation quickly. It is easy to use for all levels and ages. * New technology that improves your English quickly * User-friendly, interactive program on CD-ROM * All ESL levels: Beginner-intermediate / Intermediate-Advanced * Learn the 52 sounds you need to speak English correctly * See the moving pictures of front and side mouth-views * Hear the instructor speak and record your own voice * FREE delivery worldwide * FREE e-book with all orders Game for ESL Quiz style board game designed for ESL learners. The game contains thousands of questions graded into five levels--from beginner to advanced--with answers included. Level: Beginner to Advanced What does it test and develop? * speaking, listening and reading skills * vocabulary and spelling (British and American) * phrasal verbs and collocation * idioms and proverbs * grammar and usage * general knowledge--history, geography, science, the arts, sports, etc. Talk Now! CD-ROM Course for ESL The "Talk Now!" series is for any language beginner who wants an entertaining self study course to learn basic phrases, such as color1s, numbers, food, shopping, and time. We have been selling this European-produced CD-ROM for a few years and find that it is highly praised by people from all over the world. Designed by language experts, interactive and fun, it is ideal for beginners and travelers. Which of the following statements is NOT true?
|
[
"The first column is about an American English dictionary.",
"Pronunciation Power and the \"Talk Now!\" are interactive programs.",
"The third column is about a game for ESL.",
"The four products, all with CD-ROM, can improve your English."
] | 3D
|
high_school_computer_science
|
mmlu_labeled
|
A blind baby is doubly handicapped. Not only is it unable to see, but because it cannot receive the visual stimulus from its environment that a sighted child does, it is likely to be slow in intellectual development. Now the ten-month old son of Dr. and Mrs. Dennis Daughters is the subject of an unusual psychological experiment designed to prevent a lag in the learning process. With the aid of a sonar-type electronic that he wears on his head, infant Dennis is learning to identify the people and objects in the world around him by means of echoes . The device is an improvement of the "Sonicguide", an instrument produced by Telesensory Systems, Inc., of Palo Alto, Calif, and used by blind adults in addition to a smart or guide dog. As adapted for Dennis, it consists of a battery-powered system about the size of a half dollar that is on a headgear. A transmitter sends out an ultrasonic pulse that creates an 80 degree cone of sound at 6 feet. Echoes from objects within the cone are perceived (felt) as sounds that vary in pitch and volume with the size and distance of the object. The closer an object is, the lower the pitch, and the larger the object, the louder the signal. Hard surfaces produce a sharp ping, while soft ones send back signals with a slightly fuzzy quality. An object slightly to the right of Denny's sends back a louder sound to his right ear than to the left. Thus , by simply moving his head right and left and up and down, he can not only locate an object but also get some notion of its shape and size, thanks to the varying qualities of sounds reaching his ears as the cone of ultrasound passes _ . Dennis likes to use the device to play a kind of peek-a-boo with his mother. Standing on her knee and facing her directly, he receives a strong signal in both ears. By turning his head away, he makes her seem to disappear. "From the first time he wore it," says Mrs. Daughters, "it was like a light going on in his head." What remains to be determined is how well the device will help Dennis cope with his surroundings as he begins to walk and venture further into his environment. Meanwhile, Telesensory, Inc, is working on the development of sonar device with somewhat the same sensitivity as Dennis's for use by school-age children. Dr. and Mrs. Daughters' research is directed to _ .
|
[
"helping the blind to see and learn as well as others",
"benefiting the learning process of blind children",
"solving blind children's psychological problems",
"finding out how children develop intellectually"
] | 1B
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
The concept of personal choice in relation to health behaviors is an important one. An estimated 90 percent of all illnesses may be preventable if individuals would make sound personal health choices based upon current medical knowledge. We all enjoy our freedom of choice and do not like to see it restricted when it is within the legal and moral boundaries of society. The structure of American society allows us to make almost all our own personal decisions that may concern our health. If we do desire, we can smoke, drink much, refuse to wear seat belts, eat whatever foods we want, and _ without any exercise. The freedom to make such personal decisions is a fundamental aspect of our society, although the wisdom of these decisions can be questioned. Personal choices to health often cause a difficulty. As one example, teenager may know the facts to smoking cigarettes and health but may be pressured by friends into believing it is a socially accepted thing to do. A majority of factors, both inherited and environmental, influence the development of health-related behaviors, and it is beyond the scope of this text to discuss all these factors as they may affect any given individual. However, the decision to adopt a particular health related behavior is usually one of personal choices. There are healthy choices and there are unhealthy choices. In discussing the morals of personal choice, Fries and Crapo, drew a comparison. They suggest that to knowingly give oneself over to a behavior that has a statistical probability of shortening life is similar to attempting suicide. Thus, for those individuals who are interested in preserving both the quality and quantity of life, personal health choices should reflect those behaviors that are associated with a statistical probability of increased vitality and longevity . The concept of personal choice concerning health is important because _ .
|
[
"it helps cure most illnesses",
"it helps raise the level of our medical knowledge",
"it is essential to personal freedom in American society",
"wrong decisions could lead to poor health"
] | 3D
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Using only these supplies, which question can Martha investigate with an experiment?
|
[
"Does the basketball bounce higher on gravel or on grass?",
"Do larger basketballs bounce higher than smaller basketballs on a brick patio?",
"Does the basketball bounce higher on a lawn or on a dirt path?"
] | 0A
|
natural science
|
scienceqa
|
Let $h(4x-1) = 2x + 7$. For what value of $x$ is $h(x) = x$?
|
[
"420",
"69",
"7",
"15"
] | 3D
|
high_school_mathematics
|
mmlu
|
What is the temperature of the air inside of a refrigerator?
|
[
"3°C",
"3°F"
] | 0A
|
natural science
|
scienceqa
|
Based on the Doppler effect, the electromagnetic waves reaching Earth from a galaxy that is moving away from Earth would be expected to
|
[
"experience an increase in their amplitude.",
"experience an increase in frequency.",
"experience a decrease from transverse waves to longitudinal waves.",
"experience a decrease in frequency."
] | 3D
|
natural_science
|
ai2_arc_challenge
|
In your opinion,what is the most effective way to deal with pressure?Do you think the measure taken by Tufts University is useful? Tufts University has offered extra help around test time to students. Now they're adopting new stress-fighting methods to help the students, who face a tough job market as well as finishing the term. From free massages to therapy dog visits, students are getting help during those days before turning in final papers and taking final exams. "I think these dogs make me happy and give me a nice break between learning, cutting the learning into small pieces,"19-year-old Tufts student Chloe Wong said. She called her first term "challenging", because she has spent weeks away from family and friends and was afraid she would lose her cool in her first set of final exams. But they now get chances to relax and play with these lovely dogs that head teacher Michael Bliss brought in for them. They can set down their books and laptops for a chance to the pet. Therapy dogs have long been used to cheer the sick and the elderly up. But the university is accepting the idea as a way of relieving stress and comforting students. Brian Van Brunt, president of the American College Counseling Association, said, "College students are very stressed at this point of the year and some are trying to catch up with their peers. Going to events like this allows students to clear the brain and press there set button." According to the passage ,therapy dogs have long been used to _ .
|
[
"make the parents feel more painful",
"stop the elders from feeling upset",
"be good partners for the students to play with",
"help the college students feel relaxed and easy"
] | 1B
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
The human body is a living machine, and, like all machines, it needs "fuel" to supply it with energy. This is provided by the food we eat. But how much do we need to stay healthy? The energy value of food is usually measured in calories . A calorie is the amount of heat required to raise the temperature of 1 kg of water by 1degC. The number of calories people need per day is different, as the picture shows. Also, the number of calories you use at any one moment normally depends on the activity you are in. For example, you need more calories for standing than for sitting, more for running than for walking, and so on. The energy in food is in the form of three kinds of chemical materials--carbohydrate , protein and fat. Carbohydrate provides 3.8 Cal /gm of the energy, protein 4.0 Cal/gm, and fat 8.8 Cal/gm. Each food contains different amounts of these materials, as the round pictures show. (P= protein C= carbohydrate F=fat) How many calories are needed to raise the temperature of 5kg of water from 35degC to 90degC?
|
[
"55.",
"175.",
"325.",
"275."
] | 3D
|
nutrition
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Tidal motion can be used to
|
[
"activate turbines on shore",
"rock you to sleep",
"smash waves on rocks",
"light a dark pathway"
] | 0A
|
high_school_physics
|
mmlu_labeled
|
While astronauts in space get to do many exciting things, they miss out on ordinary things that we all take for granted--being able to walk on firm ground, hanging out with family and digging into a slice of hot steaming pizza. Though not much can be done about the first two things, there may soon be a solution to the third one, thanks to this cool 3-D pizza printer! About a year ago, NASA offered $125 ,000 to Anjan Contractor, a 3-D technology expert, to build a device that would allow astronauts to make pizza on demand. The mechanical engineer promised that his invention would produce pies in large quantities that looked, tasted and even smelled like pizza made in common ovens. Late last year, the engineer presented a video of his first prototype that begins by creating a single slice of dough that is cooked and printed at the same time. Then comes the tomato "sauce" -- a mix of tomato powder, oil and water and finally, a protein slice that resembles cheese. While the video doesn't show the baking process, the inventor says that once the pizza is printed, it can be ready to be consumed in 7 seconds. While the pie in the video looks delicious enough to attract any pizza lover, Anjan Contractor is far from ready for astronauts. That's because he still has to find a solution to make the food container in the printer last for 30 years. Though that may sound unrealistic, actually it is not. Anjan Contractor believes that the only way that is possible is that the water is removed from all the ingredients and then they are reduced to the powder form. This, as you can imagine, will not be so easy. But, while the printer may not be ready for space, it certainly looks ready enough for people on earth. Hopefully, NASA and Contractor will consider selling it to those not fortunate enough to go to Mars! What's the best title of the passage?
|
[
"NASA is trying its best to help astronauts eat better",
"Astronauts may soon be able to enjoy steaming hot pizza",
"NASA is working on making pizza for common people",
"A 3-D pizza printer has been used to make pizza"
] | 1B
|
nutrition
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Parents are creating an "I want it now" generation by satisfying children's every demand at Christmas, say experts. Youngsters in Britain are becoming increasingly selfish, claim the education analysts. Behavioral consultant Chris Calland said: "Parents want to make Christmas into magical fairytale for their kids. "There's nothing wrong with that. The problem arises when it means always giving into all our children's demands--- even if they are beyond our price range or not age-appropriate." Ms Calland, who runs "Santa Says No" style sessions with colleague Nicky Hutchinson, added: "Many of us go into so much debt providing the gifts our children want that we spend the rest of the year paying off the bills. But so often the gifts we've carefully wrapped, once opened, are just pushed away because the very thing our little boy or girl was once so desperate for, they have now lost interest in." Ms Calland and Ms Hutchinson have drawn up a list of guidelines to help parents manage their offspring's Christmas lists this year. They say that adults can actually improve their relationships with their children by resisting "pester power". Ms Calland said: "All too often we say yes because we want an easier life when the fact is that we're only building up problems for the future. We are helping create a generation of youngsters who are blind to the needs of others and the necessity of hard work. "Children learn fast--- if we sometimes change our mind, they quickly realize it might be worth lying on the floor and screaming for it. Make sure you and your partner are working together on this. Be consistent. And try not to get caught up in competition with other families or friends. Ms. Calland would agree that parents should _ .
|
[
"buy nothing for children at Christmas.",
"choose gifts carefully for children.",
"let children choose their own gifts.",
"avoid competing with others."
] | 3D
|
human_sexuality
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Once Dr. Mellinkoff invited me to join him at the hospital to discuss interesting cases(, ) with his students.The case at hand was a Guatemalan man, aged 34, who had a fever and many other medical problems.His condition was not improving, and there was not much hope he would live. Dr.: Mellinkoff asked to see the patient.He introduced himself in Spanish and, in a very gentle voice, asked how he felt.The patient smiled and said everything was all right.Then the doctor asked if he was able to eat.The patient said that he had no desire to eat. "Are you getting food you like?" The patient said nothing. "Do you get the kind of food you have at home?" The answer was no. The doctor put his hand on the man's shoulder and his voice was very soft. "If you had food that you liked, would you eat it?" "Yes, yes," the patient said. The change in the patient's appearance couldn't have been more obvious.Nothing was said, but it was easy to tell that a message had been sent and had also been received. Later, the doctor asked why the Guatemalan man wasn't getting food he could eat.One of the students said, "We all know how difficult it is to get the kitchen to make special meals." "Suppose," the doctor replied, "you felt a certain medicine was absolutely necessary but that our hospital didn't carry it, would you accept defeat or would you insist the hospital meet your request?" "I would probably insist," the student said. "Very well," the doctor said."You might want to try the same method in the kitchen.It won't be-easy, but I can help you.Meanwhile, let's get some food inside this man as fast as possible, and stay with it.Or he'll be killed by hunger.By the way, there must be someone among you who can speak Spanish.If we want to make real progress, we need to be able to talk with him." Three weeks later.Doctor Mellinkoff told me that the Guatemalan man had left the hospital under his own power.It takes more than medicine to help sick people; you also have to talk to them and make them comfortable. What do you think Dr. Mellinkoff wanted to tell his students in this case?
|
[
"Doctors should be good at foreign languages.",
"Doctors should know their patients' real problems.",
"Doctors should try to improve their medical skills.",
"Doctors should have a good relationship with their patients."
] | 1B
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Doctor are known to be terrible pilots. They don't listen because they already know it all. I was lucky: I became a pilot in 1970, almost ten years before I graduated from medical school. I didn't realize then, but becoming a pilot makes me a better surgeon. I loved flying. As I flew bigger, faster planes, and in worse weather. I learned about crew resource management , or CRM, a new idea to make flying safer. It means that crew members should listen and speak up for a good result, regardless of positions. I first read about CRM in 1980. Not long after that, an attending doctor and I were flying in bad weather. The controller had us turn too late to get our landing ready. The attending doctor was flying; I was safety pilot He was so busy because of the bad turn, he had forgotten to put the landing gear down. He was a better pilot - and my boss - so it felt unusual to speak up. But I had to: Our lives were in danger. I put aside my uneasiness and said, "We need to put the landing gear down now!" That was my first real lesson in the power of CRM, and I've used it in the operating room ever since. CRM requires that the pilot/ surgeon encourage others to speak up. It further requires that when opinions are from the opposite, the doctor doesn't overreact, which might prevent fellow doctors from voicing opinions again. So when I'm in the operating room, I ask for ideas and help from others. Sometimes they're not willing to speak up. But I hope that if I continue to encourage them, someday someone will keep me from " _ ". The author deepened his understanding of the power of CRM when _ .
|
[
"he saved the plane by speaking up",
"he was in charge of a flying task",
"his boss landed the plane too late",
"his boss operated on a patient"
] | 0A
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Do your spirits soar on a sunny day? Do you relax at the sound of flowing water? Some scientists suggest that these contacts with nature are good for your health. In one study, hospital patients with a view of trees had shorter hospital stays and less need for pain medications. Another study indicated that prisoners with a view of the outdoors had fewer doctor visits. "Why do we desire nature? Maybe we're programmed to need it, since our ancestors' survival was so dependent on their connection with nature," suggests biologist E.O. Wilson. Want to find out if contact with nature improves your outlook on life? Try a few of these ideas. Hang out a bird feeder and watch the birds that visit it. Sit down in the backyard or a nearby park. Close your eyes. What do you hear? Birds singing? The wind in the trees? Crickets chirping? Find an anthill. Sit down and watch the ants work. Take a walk right after a rainstorm. What looks different? Smells different? Go barefoot on a sandy beach. Open the curtains and the window, if the weather allows it. On a windy day, watch the trees. Go to a creek, river or park fountain. Listen to the sound of water in motion. Camp out in the backyard or at a nearby state park. Use a tent or sleep on the ground. Find a wide-open space to study the stars. Learn about the different constellations . Raise a garden. Or plant some seeds in a flowerpot. Go hiking with your family. Talk about all of the colors you see in nature. Take a camera and capture your nature experience. From the passage, we can learn that _ .
|
[
"studying the constellations is important to everyone",
"you can know all the colors only by going hiking",
"nature is quite important to us",
"walking in a rainstorm can be very helpful"
] | 2C
|
nutrition
|
mmlu_labeled
|
How long is a hiking trail?
|
[
"4 meters",
"4 millimeters",
"4 kilometers",
"4 centimeters"
] | 2C
|
natural science
|
scienceqa
|
A lizard most likely would be protected from its enemies if it has which characteristic?
|
[
"claws to catch prey",
"a long tail to climb trees",
"eyes that can see far distances",
"skin color that matches its habitat"
] | 3D
|
college_biology
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Of all the things we eat and drink, water is the most important. Not all people realize this, but it is quite true. The human body can live without food for a long time, but two or three days without water usually result in death. Many people do not understand how much water the human body needs, but many people do not drink enough, especially in the hot weather. Most people drink when they are thirsty but often need more water after exercises. 65 to 70 percent of the human body is water. Water is important in several different ways. Most people need five to seven liters of water every day, but we needn't drink this amount because a lot comes from the food we have. If we don't have enough water, however, we will feel tired and many become ill. Do you know what the best drink is? Yes, you are right. Cool water! When do we need more water? _
|
[
"In cold weather or after exercises.",
"In hot weather or after exercises.",
"Before breakfast, lunch and supper.",
"When we feel tired or become ill."
] | 1B
|
nutrition
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Until late in the 20th century, most Americans spent time with people of generations. Now mid-aged Americans may not keep in touch with old people until they are old themselves.That's because we group people by age. We put our three-year-olds together in day-care center, our 13-year-olds in school and sports activities, and our 80-year-olds in senior-citizen homes. Why? We live away from the old for many reasons: young people sometimes avoid the old to get rid of fears for aging and dying. It is much harder to watch .someone we love disappear before our eyes. Sometimes it's so hard that we stay away from the people who need us most. Fortunately, .some of us have found our way to the old. And we have discovered that they often save the young. A reporter moved her family onto a block filled with old people. At first her children were disappointed. But the reporter baked banana bread for the neighbours and had her children deliver it and visit. Soon the children had many new friends, with whom they shared food, stories and projects. "My children have never been less lonely," the reporter said. The young, in turn, save the old. Once I was in a rest home when a visitor showed up with a baby. She was immediately surrounded. People who hadn't gotten out of bed in a week suddenly were ringing for a wheelchair. Even those who had seemed asleep wake up to watch the child. Babies have an astonishing power to comfort and cure. Grandparents are a special case. They give grandchildren a feeling of security and continuity. As my husband put it, "my grandparents gave me a deep sense that things would turn out right in the end." Grandchildren speak of attention they don't get from worried parents. "My parents were always telling me to hurry up, and my grandparents told me to slow down," one friend said. A teacher told me she can tell which pupils have relationships with grandparents: they are quieter, calmer, more trusting. Why do children not get attention from their parents?
|
[
"Because they often make trouble and make their parents disappointed.",
"Because their parents are too busy to take care of them.",
"Because their parents have to take care of their grandparents.",
"Because their parents have been out of work for a long time."
] | 1B
|
human_sexuality
|
mmlu_labeled
|
What information supports the conclusion that Naomi acquired this trait?
|
[
"Some scars fade more quickly than others.",
"Naomi's scar was caused by an accident. She cut her leg when she was climbing a tree."
] | 1B
|
natural science
|
scienceqa
|
Why would an animal kill itself? It seems a strange question, and yet it is one that has made some scientists curious for a long time. For there is a kind of animal called lemming , that periodically killed themselves together, and no one knows just why! The small creatures which live in the Scandinavian mountains, feed on a diet of roots and special insects and live in nests they dig underground. When their food supply is large, the lemmings live a normal and undisturbed life. However, when the lemmings' food supply becomes too low to support the population, a _ migration begins. The lemmings leave their nests in groups. Great numbers of them begin to travel across the Scandinavian plains, a journey that may last weeks. The lemmings eat everything in their path, continuing their long march until they reach the sea. The reason for what follows remains unbelievable to naturalists. Upon reaching the coast, the lemmings do not stop but swim by the thousands into the sea. Most stay afloat only a short time before they tire, sink and drown. A common theory for this mass self-killing is that the lemmings do not realize that the ocean is such a huge body of water in their cross-country journey, the animals must cross many smaller bodies of water, such as rivers and small lakes. They may think that the sea is just another such swimmable path to go through. But no final answer has been found to the strange happening. Why are scientists curious about the lemmings' behavior?
|
[
"Because they are the only animals that live in Scandinavia.",
"Because it is very unusual for animals to kill themselves.",
"Because of the amount of food they can eat on their march to the sea.",
"Because they can gather together in such huge numbers."
] | 1B
|
college_biology
|
mmlu_labeled
|
The skin of a chameleon can change colors to help it blend with its surroundings. How would this adaptation most likely help a chameleon survive?
|
[
"by scaring predators away from the chameleon",
"by attracting prey animals to the chameleon",
"by sending a signal to other chameleons",
"by helping the chameleon hide from its predators"
] | 3D
|
college_biology
|
mmlu_labeled
|
In your opinion,what is the most effective way to deal with pressure?Do you think the measure taken by Tufts University is useful? Tufts University has offered extra help around test time to students. Now they're adopting new stress-fighting methods to help the students, who face a tough job market as well as finishing the term. From free massages to therapy dog visits, students are getting help during those days before turning in final papers and taking final exams. "I think these dogs make me happy and give me a nice break between learning, cutting the learning into small pieces,"19-year-old Tufts student Chloe Wong said. She called her first term "challenging", because she has spent weeks away from family and friends and was afraid she would lose her cool in her first set of final exams. But they now get chances to relax and play with these lovely dogs that head teacher Michael Bliss brought in for them. They can set down their books and laptops for a chance to the pet. Therapy dogs have long been used to cheer the sick and the elderly up. But the university is accepting the idea as a way of relieving stress and comforting students. Brian Van Brunt, president of the American College Counseling Association, said, "College students are very stressed at this point of the year and some are trying to catch up with their peers. Going to events like this allows students to clear the brain and press there set button." Which of the following might be the main idea of the passage?
|
[
"Therapy dogs help students face difficulties.",
"Therapy dogs make students happy and relaxed.",
"Therapy dogs help students throw pressure away.",
"Therapy dogs help students learn better than before."
] | 2C
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
What do these two changes have in common?
pouring milk on oatmeal
erosion caused by wind
|
[
"Both are caused by heating.",
"Both are only physical changes.",
"Both are caused by cooling.",
"Both are chemical changes."
] | 1B
|
natural science
|
scienceqa
|
Hello! My name is Zhao Na. I'm nine years old. I am in Rizhao Middle School in Shangdong. My English name is Julia. I like green. My telephone number is 1238-6517. I have a good friend. She is English. Her name is Helen Smith. Her Chinese name is Wang Min. She is ten years old. She likes red. Her phone number is 2816-3018. Helen and I are in the same school. Wang Min is a(n) _ girl.
|
[
"Chinese",
"English",
"American",
"Japanese"
] | 1B
|
elementary_mathematics
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Without mutual respect, any relationship will be an unhappy one . People who respect each other: a) value each other's opinions, b) listen to each other, and c) disagree without screams or insults . And remember, your parents have lived longer than you--don't discount their experience and knowledge. Your parents want to know what's going on in your life. If you don't tell them they won't know when you need their help or whether they can trust you. Tell them what you're doing, share your thoughts and feelings with them, and ask for their advice for your problems (you don't have to follow it). Communication builds closeness. Trust is your key to freedom. The way to build trust is through honesty and responsibility. Honesty means you don't lie. Responsibility means that you are reliable and make good choices to use good judgment. When your parents trust you, it's a lot easier for them to say "Yes." These guidelines work both ways. If sometimes, your parents break any of these guidelines, talk to them about it. Pick a time when you are both calm and feeling good towards each other (never when you are angry). Then, explain to them what they did, how it makes you feel, and what you'd like them to do instead. Unfortunately, these guidelines don't always work. Since we can only control what we do, and not what our parents do, sometimes we just cannot change a bad relationship. If this is the case, try to use these guidelines to at least improve things a little, and talk with a trusted adult who may be able to help you. The main purpose of the passage is to discuss _ .
|
[
"how to show your parents what's going on in your life",
"how to respect your parents in your daily life",
"how to have great relationship with your parents",
"how to talk with a trusted adult who may be able to help you"
] | 2C
|
human_sexuality
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Do you love the holidays, but hate the pounds that follow? You are not alone. Holidays are times for feasting and celebrating. Many people are worried about their weight. With proper planning, though, it is possible to keep normal weight during the holidays. Whether it is celebrating at the office party or sitting down for the traditional family dinner, regard eating as a time for tasting a variety of the foods. The idea is to enjoy the holidays but not to eat too much. You don't have to turn away from the foods that you enjoy. Here are some tips for preventing weight gain and keeping physical fitness: Don't skip meals. Before you leave home, have a small, low-fat meal or snack. This may help to avoid getting too excited before delicious foods. Control portions. Use a small plate (about 10 inches) and put aside the large ones that may encourage you to "load up." You should be most comfortable eating an amount of food about the size of your fist. Once you have your "tasting" serving, move away from the buffet. Doing so will make it less tempting to be eating constantly as your appetite is inspired by the sight of food. Begin with soup and fruit or vegetables. Fill up beforehand on water-based soup and raw fruit or vegetables. Or drink a large glass of water before you eat to help you feel full. Stick to physical activity. Don't let exercise take a break during the holidays. A 20-minute walk after a meal can help burn off extra calories. Avoid high-fat foods. Dishes that look oily or creamy may have a large amount of fat. Choose lean meats. Fill your plate with salad and green vegetables. Use lemon juice instead of dressing or butter. Which of the following is WRONG according to the passage?
|
[
"You had better turn your attention away from delicious foods.",
"Drinking some water of soup before eating helps you eat less.",
"Holidays are happy days with pleasure but they may bring weight problems.",
"Physical exercise can reduce the chance of putting on weight"
] | 0A
|
nutrition
|
mmlu_labeled
|
What information supports the conclusion that Alan acquired this trait?
|
[
"Alan's scar was caused by an accident. He cut his arm when he fell off his bicycle.",
"Some scars fade more quickly than others."
] | 0A
|
natural science
|
scienceqa
|
Which feels hotter?
|
[
"90 degrees Fahrenheit, high humidity",
"low temperature, low humidity",
"low temperature, high humidity",
"90 degrees Fahrenheit, low humidity"
] | 0A
|
high_school_physics
|
mmlu_labeled
|
How did the ancient Chinese keep food warm in winter? Facilities like electric rice cookers, microwaves, and electric kettles, make it easy for people to keep food warm and enjoy a comfortable winter. So how did Chinese people in ancient times keep food warm in winter without these? In fact, ancient Chinese people used their own methods of heat preservation as early as the Shang and Zhou dynasties. * "Wen Ding", ancient rice cooker One of the major functions of an electric rice cooker is to keep food warm. The "Wen Ding", an ancient cooking container, served the same purpose, but instead of using electric energy, the ancient cooking container, served the same purpose, but instead of using electric energy, the ancient cooking container preserved heart by burning fuels like charcoal. The "Wen Ding" unearthed in Nanjing in 1989 is thought to be the oldest of its kind discovered in China, dating back to the Stone Age, The craftsmanship of making the "Wen Ding" was developed in the Bronze Age. The bronze Ding from Shang and Zhou dynasties took on different shapes and structures. * "Ran LU", ancient small hot pot The "Ran LU" is a small size cooking vessel made of bronze, which can be divided into three parts. A charcoal stove forms the main structure, with a bottom tray to hold charcoal ashes, and a movable cup at the top. Some experts have concluded that the vessel's structure suggests it may have been used as a small hot pot and that these vessels became popular in the Warring States Period(475--221 BC) *Bronze You, ancient kettle The Bronze You was one of the most common wine containers during the Shang and Zhou dynasties. The Bronze You can also be used to warm wine. For example, the Bronze You with beast mask design, unearthed in Jiangxi province, has an opening where charcoals could be placed. Just as people today can't do without an electric kettle, the Bronze You allowed people to enjoy a hot drink. *Bronze Yan, ancient steamer Although the "Wen Ding" was effective at keeping food warm, the ancient Chinese people later found that its burning produced pollution. As a result, the Bronze Yan was made with a two-tier structure and used to steam rice and other grains. After the Eastern Han Dynasty (AD 25-AD 220), further improvements to the Bronze Yan led to the modern-day steamer. What is the unique advantage of the Bronze Yan?
|
[
"It is warm.",
"It is convenient.",
"It is environment-friendly.",
"It is useful."
] | 2C
|
nutrition
|
mmlu_labeled
|
BEIJING - The country's top health officials state that an international charity's decisions not to give millions of dollars to Chinese organizations that fight AIDS and other diseases will not bring about the end of those organizations. The Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria announced on Monday that it will withhold $95 million from the $270 million in grants it had planned to give China. That decision came as the result of months of discussion between the charity and Chinese officials. On the mainland, a large number of programs meant to prevent the spread of HIV/AIDS have received money from the Global Fund. Many observers now fear that the announced cut will undermine those organizations' work. Chen Zhu, the minister of health, said officials have found a way to limit the harm. "In the coming five years, the Chinese government will constantly increase its financial support of social organizations, particularly those that work to control and prevent HIV/AIDS." Chen said while addressing the 6th Experience Exchange Conference of International Cooperation Program on HIV/AIDS in China on Monday. In a recent survey of more than 200 organizations taking part in the fight against HIV/AIDS on the mainland, nearly 80 percent of them said they had received grants from the Global Fund. About 83 percent of them said they will find it difficult to continue operating without financial support from abroad, it said. Official statistics showed the Global Fund has given China $548 million in grants since 2003. Xia Jing, leader of a Beijing-based grassroots organization dedicated to controlling AIDS, said: "We were like children fostered by foreign milk. As foreign money began to be withdrawn from China, we were faced with serious financial hardships." Han Mengjie, executive director of Global Fund China Programs, said the Chinese government has fully recognized the important role social organizations play in controlling diseases. "The work done and efforts made by such organizations must be sustained for a long time to supplement the government's intervention work,"he said, "We have to face the truth that international money for AIDS control will gradually leave China and to prepare ourselves to deal with that." Which sentence is the closest to the title of the passage?
|
[
"China will have to fight against AIDS alone, though facing financial hardship.",
"Chinese organizations of fighting against AIDS and other diseases won't receive money from international charity.",
"The fight against AIDS won't be stopped by the withdraw of money from charity in China.",
"Chinese organizations of fighting against AIDS and other diseases will be reduced to despair."
] | 2C
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Is the following trait inherited or acquired?
Lola has two arms and two legs.
|
[
"acquired",
"inherited"
] | 1B
|
natural science
|
scienceqa
|
Which of the following describes a reason why companies irradiate some fruits and vegetables before they are sold to the public?
|
[
"to improve the flavors by increasing the sugar content",
"to speed up the ripening of produce picked too early",
"to partially cook the produce before canning or freezing",
"to extend the shelf life by killing existing microorganisms"
] | 3D
|
nutrition
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Which event would most likely cause a rapid extinction of organisms?
|
[
"a large asteroid impact",
"regional drought",
"new glacier formation",
"a decrease in the growth of weeds"
] | 0A
|
college_biology
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Nerve cells transmitting messages to the body best demonstrate which primary function?
|
[
"the transfer of energy",
"the exchange of gases",
"the elimination of waste",
"the absorption of nutrients"
] | 0A
|
anatomy
|
mmlu_labeled
|
How long is a long-distance running race?
|
[
"23 meters",
"23 kilometers",
"23 centimeters"
] | 1B
|
natural science
|
scienceqa
|
High in the sky, a group of birds fly past. The 5-foot-tall creatures are whooping cranes, the tallest birds in North America noted for its loud call. The wild animals appear to be following much larger birds. But those aren't birds at all. They are three-wheeled aircraft called trikes , and the pilots flying them are wearing white helmets and white gowns. That plan might sound like a stupid idea, but it's not. The pilots are from an organization called Operation Migration. They are helping the whooping cranes learn to migrate, or move from one area to another when the seasons change. The cranes are endangered. In 1941,the species had dwindled to roughly 20 birds because of hunting and habitat loss. US wildlife officials counted 149 whooping cranes in November 1995,the most since the American government began taking censuses in the 1930s.Today,about 380 remain. In the fall, whooping cranes are supposed to migrate south. However, many of them don't know how. "With so few birds left, young whooping cranes typically don't have parents around to teach them," explains pilot Joe Duff. That's where the trikes come in. Each October, pilots dress up as whooping cranes and take to the skies in Wisconsin. The young birds follow them because they think the trikes are big whooping cranes. It takes about three months to reach south--with plenty of rest stops on the way. The pilots lead the cranes to refuges, or protected areas, in Florida. This spring, the birds will migrate north by themselves--no trikes needed! "It's nice because you know the birds are going to make it," Duff told WR News. We can learn from the passage that whooping cranes .
|
[
"are the tallest birds in the world",
"aren't birds at all",
"are increasing in the past 15 years",
"have no team spirit"
] | 2C
|
college_biology
|
mmlu_labeled
|
It has been known that the octopus has many special skills, such as using hard shells for mobile homes and protection, disabling their suckers, plotting escapes, and even predicting World Cup soccer game outcomes. Can't we say it is a mysterious creature? While all these talents are impressive, they pale compared to its ability to "disappear" from plain sight. Researchers have long known that this is possible because of the presence of the organs under their skin, which expand or contract to produce a series of color1s, patterns and even skin textures in just milliseconds. Scientists had always believed that such a reaction was directed by a signal from the octopus's large, human-like eyes or brain. But a recent report published in the Journal of Experimental Biology by researchers from the University of California at Santa Barbara, indicate that the animal does not have to wait for a signal from its eyes or brain. It can "see" the light with its skin! UCSB doctoral student Desmond and Professor Todd said they have seen reports about octopus skin changing color1s in response to light with no signal from the eye or brain. However, there had been no follow-up to find out why this was the case and the two decided to see what they could uncover. They began by taking skin samples from a couple of California octopuses and exposing them to color1s, ranging from violent to orange and found that their skin is equipped with the same light-sensitive protein as is found in the cells in the retina of the eyes. Thanks to these proteins, the octopus can "see" the light and react without having to wait for a signal from the eyes or brain, thus enabling it to begin the escape process. Another research by University of Maryland researchers discovered that cuttlefish and squid share the same talent. Thanks to these findings researchers now know that their skin color1 can be controlled by both. What is still not clear is how the two come together to manage the whole process. The doctoral student plans to get to the bottom of the mystery. What does UCSB research find?
|
[
"Skin sample can be taken from California octopuses.",
"Octopuses have protein similar to cuttlefishes's.",
"Octopuses can \"see\" things by using its skin.",
"The skin of octopuses expands to disable an attacker."
] | 2C
|
college_biology
|
mmlu_labeled
|
People should listen to music for no more than one hour a day to protect their hearing, the World Health Organization (WHO) suggests. It says 1.1 billion teenagers and young adults are at risk of permanently damaging their hearing by listening to "too much, too loudly". It said audio devices , concerts and bars were causing a "serious threat". WHO figures show 43 million people aged 12-35 have hearing loss and the number is increasing. In that age group, the WHO said, half of the people in rich and middle-income countries were exposed to unsafe sound levels from personal audio devices. Meanwhile 40% were exposed to damaging levels of sound from clubs and bars. The proportion of US teenagers with hearing loss went from 3.5% in 1994 to 5.3% in 2006. "What we're trying to do is raise awareness of the problem that is not talked about enough, but has the potential to do a lot of damage that can be easily prevented," said Dr Etienne Krug, the WHO's director for injury prevention. The full report argued: "While it is important to keep the volume down, limiting the use of personal audio devices to less than one hour a day would do much to reduce noise exposure." Dr Krug said: "That's a rough recommendation, it is not by the minute, to give an idea to those spending 10 hours a day listening to an mp3-player. But even an hour can be too much if the volume is too loud." How many people aged 12-35 were most likely to suffer from hearing loss according to WHO?
|
[
"3.5%.",
"5.3%.",
"40%.",
"50 %."
] | 2C
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
In order to distinguish fact from opinion, conclusions in experiments should be
|
[
"recorded on a computer.",
"presented in bar graphs.",
"based on verifiable data.",
"organized in a table."
] | 2C
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
If a person is going to be in an area with acid rain, the organs in the body can be unharmed because of
|
[
"outer organ protection",
"being given immunity",
"using sunscreen",
"taking vitamins"
] | 0A
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Before leaving work, Steve Lee likes to use his cell phone to turn on his heat and air condition system at home. So by the time he gets through traffic into his front door, the temperature inside is perfect. You may wonder what a so-called smart home can do inside. Lee works for a company called Smarthome. com, testing and living with many of his company's home automation gadgets , like this multifunction touch screen that controls devices around the house and even connects to the Internet traffic cameras. "I have cameras, and they follow all the way down the freeway to work, "said Lee with pride, "What's going on at home when you are away? No problem, install some wireless cameras and controllers and from any computer in the world with an Internet connection, you can watch your house. " "You can check on the house, and I can look at the temperature. Believe it or not, if I want to turn on lights ahead of time, I can, "added Lee. We sat in Steve's California kitchen and with the right password, turned on the kitchen counter lights at his boss' house in Wisconsin. Steve did have permission to log on . "If you do know the password and you want to play a trick on your wife, you could turn lights on and off remotely. " This new technology, which can automatically turn on water sprinklers when humidity is low, or turn off a pool pump when it is not in use, is no longer expensive. Several hundred dollars for a basic system is enough and it is not hard to install. Sure the convenience is nice but many people who like the security advantages like making sure kids are safe with the help of camera monitors and bedside alerts. "I can notice that maybe one of my children wakes up in the middle of the night once the light switch is turned on. " What a smart home can't do is get you a snack and you have to leave the couch for that. In which section of a newspaper will this passage probably be found?
|
[
"Entertainment.",
"Science & Technology.",
"Health & Care.",
"Biography."
] | 1B
|
computer_security
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Do you remember the good old days? Innocent times spent sharing documents and executable files without a care in the world. Okay, every month or so you might encounter a boot sector virus -- but they were easy to deal with even if the anti-virus software didn't pick them up. But those long lazy summers disappeared too fast. Macro viruses made Information Technology (IT) administrators grow up fast as they realized there was a type of virus which could spread very quickly throughout an organization. It wasn't unusual to find hundreds of computers within personal company infected by viruses transmitted via email attachments. The IT staff were amongst the fittest departments in your company, running from Personal Computer (PC) to the next cleaning them up. There had to be a better way. Companies now realize that viruses aren't "urban myths", and can have a serious impact on their operations. They invest in anti-virus software on the desktops, servers and email gateways and even put in place procedures to ensure their anti-virus is up-to-date with the very latest detection routines. It sounds like companies have put in place adequate defenses to protect against viruses. But have they? Anti-virus software detects most of the viruses your users are likely to encounter -- often without the user even knowing. However, the software must be updated regularly, preferably daily in any large company. Even then, a very new virus can infect your users. With the rapid transmission of files through networks and the Internet, a virus can spread a considerable distance before it can be identified and protected against. Fortunately, only a few viruses ever do this but the likes of Melissa and the Love Bug can inflict serious damage before their progress is stopped. While employees become suddenly aware during the ensuing media excitement, they soon forget about the virus threat as the stories disappear from the news headlines. This is the danger. Complacency can set in when there is no perceived "action" on the virus front with no global crisis, and the importance of being vigilant about viruses recedes in your users' minds. They forget what the big deal was in the first place -- after all, anti-virus software deals with the viruses, doesn't it? And isn't it the IT department's job to look after this sort of thing? Before you know it your users are opening unsolicited attachments once more, downloading unauthorized software, and putting your company's data and credibility at risk. All because the users think that they are working in a safe environment. Employees see anti-virus software, firewalls and IT departments as guarantees that their computers will work and be safe. Of course, there aren't any guarantees. Anti-virus software plays one, albeit important, part in the defense of your company from malicious attack but the security of your computer system is only as strong as the weakest link. And that, more often than not, is the human factor. No employer wants to come across as a killjoy or an ogre. Most will willingly accept that the happiest employees are those who feel that they are respected and trusted by their employer. Many companies accept that employees will send and receive a certain amount of personal email and make the odd personal telephone call. However, the worry comes when employees start risking company security in pursuit of personal amusement. Funny screensavers and games downloaded from the Internet can seem harmless enough but they could easily be harboring a dangerous virus. Software downloaded from the net is often unlicensed and unsupported, and may cause conflicts with existing software in use at your company. Unlicensed, pirated software is an ideal vector for a computer virus. Virus writers and hackers often use such software as the ideal "kick-start" for their virus distribution. It is vitally important that employees be educated about the virus threat but this cannot be a one-off event. The potential threat should always be in the back of an employee's mind and precautionary measures should be taken as a matter of course. There is no harm in reminding people about what could happen if they let their guard down. In the end, education is the key to a virus-free environment and this is a continual process. It may not be the most exciting thing on the agenda but it works. The lesson is simple. You can have the best software in the world protecting your company's defenses; you can even be the biggest IT company in the world; but without your users practicing safe computing they will always be the weakest link. Which of the following best summarizes the main idea of the passage?
|
[
"Employees welcome the free software available on the Internet and they download a lot of it.",
"Employees should be constantly warned about virus threats to ensure the normal functioning of the company's computer system.",
"Employees like to take advantage of the facilities in their companies to handle their personal matters.",
"Employees take anti-virus software, firewalls and IT staff as guarantees for the normal functioning of their PCs."
] | 1B
|
computer_security
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Many people have never heard of Mesothelioma and are unaware of its symptoms. Although considered a rare form of cancer, each year the number of cases grows. With the prevalence of this disease on the rise, it is critical to understand why and how Mesothelioma develops and what courses of action can be taken in the event of diagnosis. The following is a list of frequently asked questions and answers that will provide you with some information on Mesothelioma, and the legal issues surrounding it. What is Mesothelioma? Mesothelioma is the term used to describe a cancerous tumor found in the mesothelial cells of an organ. The organs where this form of cancer is most commonly found are the lungs, heart and abdominal organs. Pleural Mesothelioma is cancer of the lung lining(,)and is the most common form of Mesothelioma. What causes Mesothelioma? Mesothelioma is almost always caused by exposure to asbestos . Asbestos is often found in building materials used before the mid 1970's. In addition, materials such as pipes, boiler insulation, floor, ceiling and roof tiles may contain asbestos. How much asbestos exposure will cause Mesothelioma? Generally, the probability of developing this form of cancer is in accordance with the length of time you are exposed to asbestos. Also, your health is at risk if your exposure to asbestos is intense. It should be noted that Mesothelioma has a latency period of 20 to 50 years. This means that you may develop the disease long after your exposure to asbestos. On average, people tend to develop Mesothelioma somewhere between 35 and 40 years after exposure. How quickly does Mesothelioma progress? The onset of Mesothelioma is quite slow. Patients will begin to experience symptoms such as lower back pain and chest pain. These symptoms may also be accompanied by weight loss, fever and difficulty breathing. Unfortunately, once Mesothelioma develops, it quickly becomes aggressive and treatment must be sought immediately. Can Mesothelioma be treated? Doctors are able to use several traditional methods of cancer treatment for Mesothelioma, including surgery, chemotherapy and radiation. Like all forms of cancer, detecting the disease at the earliest stage possible greatly increases the patient's chances for survival. If you have worked in an industry such as construction or suspect that you may have been exposed to asbestos, be alert for symptoms and contact your doctor immediately. What legal courses of action can be taken? Anyone suffering from Mesothelioma is entitled to compensation from asbestos manufacturers. Additionally, if you are the spouse or child of someone who has died from Mesothelioma, you are entitled to file a claim and seek compensation. The following are the symptoms of Mesothelioma EXCEPT _ .
|
[
"frequent headache",
"lower back pain",
"chest pain",
"difficult breathing"
] | 0A
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Working Americans expect to retire at age 66, up from 63 in 2002, according to a recent Gallup poll .But most retirees don't stay on the job nearly that long. The average retirement age among retirees is 62, Gallup found.And even retirement at age 62 is a recent development.The average retirement age has been around 60 for most of the past decade. "Americans have two reasons for which they may project a later retirement year.One is financial, and they simply think they will need to work longer because there are fewer pensions, and now people may have a more psychologically positive view of work," says Frank Newport, editor-in-chief of Gallup poll.But a plan to work longer isn't the same as keeping a job into your mid- or late 60s. Other surveys have similarly found a significant gap between the age workers expect to retire and when they actually leave their jobs.A 2014 Employee Benefit Research Institute survey found that 33 percent of workers expect to retire after age 65, but only 16 percent of retirees report staying on the job that long.Just 9 percent of workers say they are planning to retire before age 60, but 35 percent of retirees say they retired that early.The average retirement age in the survey was 62. Many of these early retirements are unexpected and due to unforeseen circumstances.About half (49 percent) of retirees say they left the workforce earlier than planned, often as a result of a health problem or disability (61 percent) or to care for a family member (18 percent), EBRI found.Other retirees are forced out of their jobs due to changes at their company, such as a downsizing or closing (18 percent), changes in the skills required for their job (7 percent) or other work-related reasons (22 percent). "The difference is between what you know you want to do and what factors outside your control ultimately require you to do," says Dallas Salisbury, president of EBRI. Americans retire earlier than they expect mostly due to .
|
[
"looking after their s",
"the changes at their company",
"suffering from illnesses or disability",
"not keeping up with the advanced technology"
] | 2C
|
human_aging
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Health experts have long worried about the increasing rate of obesity in kids. It's an important concern: Being weight or obese during childhood can lead to serious problems normally seen in adults, such as diabetes and high blood pressure. Poor diets and a lack of exercise are usually the causes. But would you ever have imagined there might be a connection between the bacteria that lived in your guts when you were a baby and the chance that you would become overweight? Scientists in Finland recently found just such a link. In a recent study, they showed that overweight kids had different species of bacteria living in their guts. You probably think of bacteria only as germs that can make you sick. While it's true that some bacteria can make people ill, your body actually depends on some types of bacteria to help you digest food and extract nutrients from it. These "good" bacteria live in your guts, where they process the food you eat. Human babies get these bacterial helpers from their moms. When a baby is born, some of the bacteria in the mother move into the baby's body. Growing babies get additional "good" bacteria from the milk their mothers produce. And it turns out the bacteria might play an important role in regulating weight just six years later. So how could these bacteria affect weight? The researchers still haven't tested that question, but future tests might lead to an answer. The purpose of writing this passage is to _ .
|
[
"introduce the role of bacteria in children's weight",
"analyze the influence of obesity on kids",
"give advice on how to lose weight quickly",
"explain the function of bacteria in foods"
] | 0A
|
nutrition
|
mmlu_labeled
|
I believe that my country, Poland, is a perfect example for a place where food is particularly important. When we were little children, we began to understand how much a loaf of bread meant to our parents--to some it might sound silly but for me the custom of kissing bread before you started cutting it was simply amazing. It's not so common nowadays to treat food that way, since you hardly ever bake your own bread. Besides, everyone would call you crazy if you tried to kiss every bread roll before you ate them! But though we no longer make our food from scratch , some customs have been kept--that's why I feel so sorry every time I have to throw any food away--even though I no longer live with my parents and nobody would blame me for this anymore! Many people of our nation are still working as farmers, eating what they grow and harvest and therefore enjoying everything more. It's widely known that you value more anything that needs your effort in the first place. In most homes in Poland, especially those of farmers, the whole family would try and have their meals together--extremely difficult now, but so rewarding ! You can share other members' troubles and successes, give your children some attention, or just sit down for a moment instead of rushing through life aimlessly. Furthermore, your body, and stomach in particular will be very grateful for such a time! In Poland, a wedding, Christmas or even a birthday is celebrated with a great meal. Women in the house get together and cook, sometimes for a few days before the event, and the extremely good or unusual food will be remembered and widely talked about. You cannot over-value the importance of food in the country. What's more, almost everyone in Poland will be as interested in the topic as I am. From the text, we can learn that, in Poland, _ .
|
[
"most meals can be interesting topics for a long time",
"the whole family often have meals together nowadays",
"it's common for women to get together to cook for a few days",
"family members can know more. about each other by having meals together"
] | 3D
|
nutrition
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Complete the sentence.
An old sandwich rotting in a trashcan is a ().
|
[
"chemical change",
"physical change"
] | 0A
|
natural science
|
scienceqa
|
They like using the Internet. They have lots of pocket money to spend. And they spend a higher proportion of it online than the rest of us. Teenagers are just the sort of people an online seller is interested in, and the things they want to buy-games, CDs and clothing-are easily sold on the Web. But paying online is a tricky business for consumers who are too young to own credit cards. Most have to use a parent's card. They want a facility that allows them to spend money. That may come sooner than they think: new ways to take pocket money into cyber space are coming out rapidly on both sides of the Atlantic. If successful, these products can stimulate online sales. In general, teenagers spend huge amounts: $153bn (billion) in the US last year and PS20bn annually in the UK. Most teenagers have access to the Internet at home or at school-88 percent in the US, 69 percent in the UK. According to the Jupiter Research, one in eight of those with Internet access has bought something online-mainly CDs and books. In most cases, parents pay for these purchases with credit cards, an arrangement that is often unsatisfactory for them and their children. Pressing parents to spend online is less productive than pressing on the high street. They are more likely to ask "Why?" if you ask to spend some money online. One way to help teenagers change notes and coins into cybercash is through prepaid cards such as InternetCash in the US and Smart cards in the UK. Similar to those for pay-as-you-go mobile telephones, they are sold in amounts such asPS20 or $50 with a concealed 14-digit number that can be used to load the cash into an online account. According to the passage, which of the following statements is TRUE?
|
[
"More than half of the teenagers in the US and the UK have Internet access.",
"Teenagers pay for goods online with their own credit cards.",
"Most teenagers in the US and the UK have bought something online.",
"Teenagers found it easier to persuade parents to buy online than in a shop."
] | 0A
|
high_school_microeconomics
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Online education is becoming a popular learning choice to traditional colleges. Most colleges offer online programs in various fields and levels, which allows students to go on with their education over the Internet. Students must keep in mind that the college they wish to apply to must be approved by a related recognized organization. So who can really benefit from an online program? Well, anybody, and everybody! Online programs can turn out to be a pocket-friendly choice to a traditional college for many people. Here's a list of people who usually consider joining in an online degree program; l Stay-at-home parents. Online education is perfect choice for stay-at-home parents and those who have very young kids. Online classes give them the flexibility to complete or further their education while looking after home and family and without worrying about childcare. l Working professionals who want to further their education but travel a lot or have extremely busy schedules, as well as those who want to make a career change but do not have the time to enroll in a full-time degree program. l People who cannot commute to a college campus. l Shy students who might feel embarrassed among a group of people and prefer to study by themselves and at their own pace. l People who want to save money. Online programs can turn out to be more cost-effective than attending a physical classroom. l People who do not get distracted easily -- something many people overlook when considering online education. If you are someone who can easily ignore the ringing of a phone, stay away from TV, and resist all other things that may draw your attention, online programs are for you. So do you think online education is for you? If you feel you belong to any of the above listed categories, then online education could work out very well for you. Which of the following is the best title for the text?
|
[
"Less Money, More Resources",
"Try to Be Attentive Students",
"Online Educaiton-- Everyone's Perfect Choice",
"Who Can Benefit from an Online Program"
] | 3D
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
A student riding a bicycle observes that it moves faster on a smooth road than on a rough road. This happens because the smooth road has
|
[
"less gravity",
"more gravity",
"less friction",
"more friction"
] | 2C
|
natural_science
|
ai2_arc_challenge
|
In which of these investigations would pictures from a camera be most useful?
|
[
"studying bird calls",
"studying exothermic reactions",
"studying the growth of plants",
"studying the diffusion of molecules"
] | 2C
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
What atoms combine to make up a molecule of water? 1. 1 hydrogen, 1 oxygen 2.
|
[
"hydrogen,",
"oxygen",
"2 hydrogen, 1 oxygen",
"2 hydrogen, 2 oxygen"
] | 2C
|
high_school_chemistry
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Our 16-year-old daughter started to smoke last Christmas. It killed me to see that lovely girl with a cigarette in her mouth. I told her how I felt. Martha continued to smoke, saying, "It's my life," and so on. I told her if she didn't stop smoking, I wouldn't send her to college. She agreed to give it up. Last night there was cigarette smell on Martha's breath. She had to say she had broken her word. Now I must do what I've said to punish her. Martha is unusually bright and wants to teach children. I'm working full-time to put her older sister through school and would do the same for Martha. My husband's pay is good, but with prices going up all the time we could never educate the girls unless I kept on working. My theory is that if smoking is more important to Martha than college, I'm a fool to work to put her through college. The mother said that _ .
|
[
"Martha was usually a stupid girl",
"though Martha's father received high pay, it was not enough for their two girls' college education",
"as everything was becoming more and more expensive, the two girls had to work hard to pay for their education",
"she liked Martha's sister but hated Martha"
] | 1B
|
human_sexuality
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Glaucoma is a major cause of blindness around the world, especially in developing countries. The World Health Organization says glaucoma is a greater public health challenge than cataracts , because the blindness caused by the latter can be cured after operations. Glaucoma is a disease that makes people around the world lose their sight, and they usually don't even know they have the disease until it has permanently destroyed at least 40 percent of their sight. The process is usually so painless and subtle , so people don't notice it. Actually, the simplest medical test can discover it. "It is the leading cause of blindness in the United States. In Hispanics and in African-Americans, it's the second leading cause of blindness and so is the case in the Chinese and Indians." said Dr. Alan Robin, a specialist in treating glaucoma. "The glaucoma we see in sub-Saharan Africa is a much more aggressive blinding disease than the glaucoma we see in Americans or even African- Americans in-the United States." he said. . Dr. Eric Fleischer also sees at Medstar Washington Hospital Center. "Pretty much anybody who has ancestors in Africa has an increased chance of developing glaucoma." Age is another thing that may lead to glaucoma, although people of all ages can get it. Glaucoma is a group of diseases that commonly produce pressure in the eye. An eye is sort of like a watch. And behind the face of the watch, liquid is made. It goes through your pupil and into the front of the watch between the face and the crystal.There's an area around the edge of the watch that drains the liquid. When that drain is blocked, the liquid can't leave the eye as fast as it is produced. The rising pressure within the eye damages and eventually kills the optic nerve. The result is blindness. Fortunately, if caught early, glaucoma can be controlled. Glaucoma is not curable. But as researchers worldwide lean more about it, they grow more hopeful that glaucoma can one day be cured or even prevented. In which country is glaucoma the biggest danger to people's sight?
|
[
"In China",
"In India",
"In the USA",
"In Japan"
] | 2C
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Mary had some troubles, so she went to see the doctor. He was a new doctor, and did not know her. So he first asked her some questions. One of the questions was, "What is your age?" "Well..." Mary answered, "I don't quite remember, doctor, but I will try to think." She thought for a while and then said, "Yes, I remember now, doctor. When I married, I was twenty-two years old, and my husband was thirty then. Now he is sixty, I know, and that is twice thirty. And so I am twice twenty-two. That is forty-four, isn't it?" At first the doctor _ .
|
[
"asked her some questions",
"examined her carefully",
"gave her some medicine",
"asked her to have a rest"
] | 0A
|
elementary_mathematics
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Japanese professor Yoji Kimura believes laughter is a weapon that in healthy doses can end the world's wars. To measure it, the expert on communications has invented a machine to chart out laughter--and a new unit of "aH" to calculate it. "We have found that children laugh more freely, releasing 10 aH per second, which is about twice as much as an adult," Kimura, a professor at Kansai University in the western city of Osaka, told reporters. "Adults tend to calculate whether it's appropriate to laugh and under those restraints they eventually forget how," he said. "Laughing is like a restart function on a computer. Laughing freely is very important in the course of human development," he said. Kimura, who believes in "a change from a century of wars to a century of humor and tolerance," has studied the science of laughter for decades in Osaka. In his theory, human laughter is produced in four emotional stages. "I believe there is a circuit in the human brain that creates laughter," Kimura said confidently. To measure laughter, he attaches sensors on the skin of a tested people's stomach, particularly the diaphragm , and detects muscle movements. "I have a theory that humor detected in the brain gets directly released through the movement of diaphragm," he said. By checking the movement of the diaphragm and other parts of the body, it will be possible to see if a person is only pretending to laugh while also telling different types of laughter, Kimura said. Kimura wants to make the measuring device as small as a mobile phone and possibly market it as a health and amusement device. Kimura said he planned to present his findings this summer to the US-based International Society for Humor Studies, adding that he looked forward to looking at differences in laughter internationally. Why do adults laugh less freely?
|
[
"Because they are busy with their work.",
"Because they are affected by some factors.",
"Because they use computers too often.",
"Because they don't think it good to laugh much."
] | 1B
|
human_sexuality
|
mmlu_labeled
|
What stimulants taste buds sour and
|
[
"sand",
"lava",
"sucrose",
"water"
] | 2C
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
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