question
stringlengths 4
6.54k
| choices
listlengths 2
5
| answer
class label 4
classes | subject
stringclasses 32
values | dataset
stringclasses 4
values |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Every twenty-four hours and fifty minutes, the moon can have an effect on bodies of water causing them to
|
[
"swell",
"float",
"die",
"burn"
] | 0A
|
astronomy
|
mmlu_labeled
|
How long is a bench?
|
[
"8 inches",
"8 yards",
"8 feet",
"8 miles"
] | 2C
|
natural science
|
scienceqa
|
A study of a million UK women, published today in The Lancet, has shown that happiness itself has no direct effect on mortality, and that the widespread but mistaken belief that unhappiness and stress directly cause ill health came from studies that had simply confused cause and effect. Life-threatening poor health can cause unhappiness, and for this reason unhappiness is associated with increased mortality. In addition, smokers tend to be unhappier than non-smokers. However, after taking account of previous ill health, smoking, and other lifestyle and socio-economic factors, the investigators found that unhappiness itself was no longer associated with increased mortality. The lead author, Dr Bette Liu, now at the University of New South Wales, Australia said: "Illness makes you unhappy, but unhappiness itself doesn't make you ill. We found no direct effect of unhappiness or stress on mortality, even in a ten-year study of a million women." As in other studies, unhappiness was associated with deprivation, smoking, lack of exercise, and not living with a partner. The strongest associations, however, were that the women who were already in poor health tended to say that they were unhappy, stressed, not in control, and not relaxed. The main analyses included 700 000 women, average age 59 years, and over the next 10 years these women were followed by electronic record linkage for mortality, during which time 30 000 of the women died. After allowing for any differences already present in health and lifestyle, the overall death rate among those who were unhappy was the same as the death rate among those who were generally happy. The study is so large that it rules out unhappiness being a direct cause of any material increase in overall mortality in women. This was true for overall mortality, for cancer mortality, and for heart disease mortality, and it was true for stress as well as for unhappiness. The word "mortality" in the passage means .
|
[
"richness",
"relaxation",
"death",
"morality"
] | 1B
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Making friends might seem to come easy for some persons, but it's maybe very hard for most persons. No matter how many friends you might already have, it is always a good idea to make new friends. Being shy keeps a lot of people from making friends. Also, making friends might need a person to step outside of their comfortable places, which are hard for a lot of people, whether they are shy or not. However, overcoming the shyness to step out of your box is an important step in making friends. There are lots of ways to meet new friends. First of all, remember that a good friendship is based on interests, so if you are ready to make friends, start to join clubs or go places where you have interest. For instance, if you like to play sports, join a sports team or after school sports club. If you have interests in music or writing, join clubs or organizations that you are interested in. When you see someone in a place like that, and you think that they look nice, it is always a good idea to go up to them and introduce yourself and ask interesting questions so that you can start a conversation. Don't put too much pressure on yourself, and remember that friendships don't always happen quickly. Some friendships happen right away, and you'll be able to tell if someone will be a great friend right after you meet them. Some friendships take a long time to develop. Anyway, the friends that you meet are going to be worth it. If a friendship develops quickly, it doesn't mean that it is extra valuable, and if a friendship takes a long time to develop, it doesn't mean that it isn't worth it because it's too hard. Making friends might be a bit difficult for you, and the friends you will make may not look anything like you. However, even though it might be scary to start conversations, you are worth doing it. All friendships start with a single hello. What does the writer want to tell us?
|
[
"How can we make friends?",
"What is the friendship?",
"Who can we make friends with?",
"When do friendships happen?"
] | 0A
|
human_sexuality
|
mmlu_labeled
|
The first MP4 player was born years ago. Soon many music fans were wondering how fantastic it is! If you have been into technology enough, perhaps you may have a knowledge of the MP4. If not, you do need to know something before buying one, even if you are familiar with MP3. MP3 is the CD-like disc with greater capacity. How about MP4? This small digital product will really enrich the joy from listening to music. You can even feel the "touch" of music to your soul! Now, some similar digital products advertised as "MP4 players" are simply MP3 players, which do not play video and MPEG format and also lack other particular functions. These products confuse some buyers, as they may think the "MP4" players simply mean they can do more than MP3. What is MP4?! It is a multimedia container. It is not only used to store digital audio and digital video streams, especially those of MPEG, but can also be used to store other data such as subtitles and pictures. As a most modern container format, it allows streaming over the Internet. With the help of a piece of MP4 video equipment, you can change various programs such as MPEG to MP4, ASX to MP4, AVI to MP4 and so on, which can be done very quickly and easily without any effect on the sound quality. By installing DVD-MP4 software, you can transfer particular music from a DVD to an MP4 video file. It really excites your listening music experience. Then, there is MP4 advanced and you can set your own collection of all the programs -- TV shows, games, and music. You can even see movies which are still running in cinemas. _ ? From the passage, we can see that MP4 is _ MP3.
|
[
"much bigger than",
"just as advanced as",
"not so particular as",
"morefunctionalthan"
] | 3D
|
computer_security
|
mmlu_labeled
|
A teacher opens a can of food in the front of a classroom. Soon, all of the students in the classroom can smell the food. Which statement identifies a property of a gas that allows all of the students to smell the food?
|
[
"A gas has no mass.",
"A gas has a large mass.",
"A gas takes the shape of its container.",
"A gas keeps its shape when placed in a container."
] | 2C
|
college_chemistry
|
mmlu_labeled
|
A person can charge something which passes energy through it by
|
[
"reaching forward",
"looking at it",
"swiping left",
"hooking it up"
] | 3D
|
electrical_engineering
|
mmlu_labeled
|
It is pretty much a one-way street. While it may be common for university researchers to try their luck in the commercial world, there is very little traffic in the opposite direction. Pay has always been the biggest deterrent, as people with families often feel they cannot afford the drop in salary when moving to a university job. For some industrial scientists, however, the attractions of academia outweigh any financial considerations. Helen Lee took a 70% cut in salary when she moved from a senior post in Abbott Laboratories to a medical department at the University of Cambridge. Her main reason for returning to academia mid-career was to take advantage of the greater freedom to choose research questions. Some areas of inquiry have few prospects of a commercial return, and Lee's is one of them. The impact of a salary cut is probably less severe for a scientist in the early stages of a career. Guy Grant, now a research associate at the Unilever Centre for Molecular Informatics at the University of Cambridge, spent two years working for a pharmaceutical company before returning to university as a post-doctoral researcher. He took a 30% salary cut but felt it worthwhile for the greater intellectual opportunities. Higher up the ladder, where a pay cut is usually more significant, the demand for scientists with a wealth of experience in industry is forcing universities to make the transition to academia more attractive, according to Lee. Industrial scientists tend to receive training that academics do not, such as how to build a multidisciplinary team, manage budgets and negotiate contracts. They are also well placed to bring something extra to the teaching side of an academic role that will help students get a job when they graduate, says Lee, perhaps experience in manufacturing practice or product development. "Only a small number of undergraduates will continue in an academic career. So someone leaving university who already has the skills needed to work in an industrial lab has far more potential in the job market than someone who has spent all their time on a narrow research project." What contribution can industrial scientists make when they come to teach in a university?
|
[
"Increase its graduates' competitiveness in the job market.",
"Develop its students' potential in research.",
"Help it to obtain financial support from industry.",
"Gear its research towards practical applications."
] | 0A
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Two elements in the same group on the Periodic Table of the Elements are most similar in their
|
[
"atomic mass.",
"number of protons.",
"atomic size.",
"chemical reactivity."
] | 3D
|
natural_science
|
ai2_arc_challenge
|
Antifreeze is a liquid that is added to water to keep it from freezing. When water freezes and turns to ice,it expands .The force of water expanding is so great that it will break the hardest metal.Water is used in car engines to keep them cool while they run,and if this water is allowed to freeze in winter it can break the iron block of the engine.That is why antifreeze is necessary. Water freezes at 0degC;the usual kind of antifreeze will not freeze until the temperature is-40degC.A mixture of five parts of water and four parts of antifreeze will prevent freezing at-18degC;four parts of water and five parts of antifreeze reduce this to -22degC. Alcohol is a kind of good antifreeze,but when the air is running it becomes hot and the alcohol boils away,so it must be changed very often.Most people use antifreeze that does not boil away when the engine is running.There are several chemicals that do this.One of the most popular is called ethylene glycol. The usual kind of antifreeze freezes at _ .
|
[
"0degC",
"-18degC",
"-22degC",
"-40degC"
] | 3D
|
college_chemistry
|
mmlu_labeled
|
NOT all memories are sweet. Some people spend all their lives trying to forget bad experiences. Violence and traffic accidents can leave people with terrible physical and emotional scars. Often they relive these experiences in nightmares. Now American researchers think they are close to developing a pill, which will help people forget bad memories. The pill is designed to be taken immediately after a frightening experience. They hope it might reduce, or possibly wipe out, the effect of painful memories. In November, experts tested a drug on people in the US and France. The drug stops the body releasing chemicals that fix memories in the brain. So far the research has suggested that only the emotional effects of memories may be reduced, not that the memories are wiped out. They are not sure to what degree people's memories are affected. The research has caused a great deal of argument. Some think it is a bad idea, while others support it. Supporters say it could lead to pills that prevent or treat soldiers' troubling memories after war. They say that there are many people who suffer from terrible memories. "Some memories can ruin people's lives. They come back to you when you don't want to have them in a daydream or nightmare. They usually come with very painful emotions," said Roger Pitman, a professor of psychiatry at Harvard Medical School. "This could relieve a lot of that suffering." But those who are against the research say that maybe the pills can change people's memories and changing memories is very dangerous because memories give us our identity. They also help us all avoid the mistakes of the past. "All of us can think of bad events in our lives that were terrible at the time but make us who we are. I'm not sure we want to wipe those memories out, "said Rebecca Dresser, a medical ethicist. We can infer from the passage that _ .
|
[
"people doubt the effects of the pills",
"the pill will certainly stop people's emotional memories",
"taking the pill will do harm to people's physical health",
"the pill has already been produced and used by the public in America"
] | 0A
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
We are all busy talking about and using the Internet ,but how many of us know about the history of the Internet? Many people are surprised when they find that the Internet was set up in the 1960s.At that time, computers were large and expensive. Computer networks didn' t work well .If one computer in the network broke down ,then the whole network stopped. So a new network system had to be set up. It should be good enough to be used by many different computers.If part of the network was not working ,information could be sent through another part.In this way the computer network system would keep on working all the time.At first,the Internet was only used by the government ,but,in the early 1970s, universities,hospitals and banks were allowed to use it too. However, computers were still expensive and the Internet was difficult to use.By the start of the 1990s,computers become cheaper and easier to use.Scientists had also developed software that made "surfing " the Internet more convenient . Today it is easy to get on-line and it is said that millions of people use the Internet every day. Sending e-mail is more and more popular among students. The Internet has now become one of the most important parts of people' s life. The Internet has a history of _ years.
|
[
"about 40",
"less than 30",
"more than 55",
"nearly 45"
] | 2C
|
computer_security
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Which of the following is a predictable advantage of expansionary monetary policy in a recession?
|
[
"It decreases aggregate demand so that the price level falls which increases demand for the dollar.",
"It increases investment which increases aggregate demand and increases employment.",
"It increases aggregate demand which increases real GDP and increases the unemployment rate.",
"It keeps interest rates high which attracts foreign investment."
] | 1B
|
high_school_macroeconomics
|
mmlu
|
One of the strangest races in history is about to begin. The judge raises the starting gun and says,"On your marks, get set...'' BANG! Who will win this 40-yard race? Will it be the ostrich with its long legs? Or will it be the highly trained football player? Could the squirrel rush past them all? Don't worry. It's not a real race. Last week, Scientific American magazine asked professor Peter Weyand who would win an imaginary race between an ostrich, a football player, a pig, a squirrel, and an elephant. Weyand teaches physiology. He studies the way animals move. According to his knowledge of how animals _ , here's how the race might go: The ostrich runs out of the starting gate neck and neck with the football player in second, the gray squirrel running third, and the pretty pink pig in fourth. Forty yards later, at the finish line, the heavily feathered bird beats the speeding human! The competition isn't terribly close between the ostrich and the football player, but in a surprise move, the pig moves fast and manages to beat the squirrel by a nose. Pigs don't look like they're built for speed, so its third-place finish is a bit of a shock. How does Weyand explain the Animal Kingdom's speedy match? "The easiest way to explain why the ostrich is fast is that it has long legs,'' he says. Most of the ostrich's leg muscles are high up on its short thighbones. Its long, light legs allow the bird to go faster and keep speed easily. When running, an ostrich's highest speed is about 35 mph. Elephants and squirrels actually run at the same pace. But because squirrels can accelerate quickly, the huge elephant would lose. Pigs can't speed up as fast as squirrels, but they can run faster. Pigs that live in the wild can run close to 16 mph, and squirrels can run at about 14 mph. From what Weyand explained, we can infer _ .
|
[
"humans can't run as fast as animals",
"the ostrich is built for speed",
"the squirrel can succeed in long races",
"the elephant is faster than the pig"
] | 1B
|
anatomy
|
mmlu_labeled
|
WASHINGTON--Considering the serious warnings lately about Internet viruses, users may be encouraged to unplug their machines just to keep them safe. In reality, common sense and a few basic tips can keep Internet surfers secure. Antivirus software is a must, and it should be updated at least once a week to recognize newly released viruses. People with broadband Internet connections should also have a firewall. These protect the computer from attacks by hackers. Then it is time to think about computer habits. Unlike old viruses, which spread only through shared diskettes, the Internet brings viruses straight to the email-box. If email with attachment comes from an unknown sender, or unexpectedly from a known sender, it should not be opened. On receipt of an unexpected attachment from a friend, experts suggest a telephone call to make sure of the mail's source before opening. Which of the following is suggested by computer experts? _ .
|
[
"Do not rush to open any email attachment",
"Never open any email attachment",
"It is always safe to open an email attachment from a friend",
"Whenever you receive any email, you should make a call to ensure its source"
] | 0A
|
computer_security
|
mmlu_labeled
|
You can't see any object unless light from that object gets into your eyes.Some of the things you see give off light of their own. The sun,the stars,a lighted lamp are the examples that can be seen by their own light.But most of the things you see are not giving off light of their own.They are just reflecting light that falls on them from the sun or some other luminous bodies.The moon,for example,doesn't give off any light of its own.It is not 1uminous.You see it because sunlight falls on it and some of the sunlight reflects on the earth.So moonlight is only second--hand sunlight. When you look at a book,it sends some of the light which fails on it to your eyes,and you see the book.If light could be kept out from where you're so that there would be no light from the book to reflect.Then you couldn't see the book even with your eyes wide open.Light travels so fast that the time in which it travels from the book you're reading to your eyes is as short as if there were no time at time.Light reaches us from the moon,which is about 380,000 kilometres away,in only a little more than a second. _ has light of its own.
|
[
"The moon",
"The earth",
"The sun",
"The satellite of Dong Fong Hong"
] | 2C
|
college_physics
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Film cameras and digital cameras work in a similar way. Film cameras After all, a film camera is basically a light - proof box. It has a lens system to focus light onto the film at the back of the camera. Let's suppose that we are outside on a beautiful summer day trying to take a picture of the family dog. We are using a film camera. We finally get the dog to lie still. You point the camera at him. What happens? Light goes into the camera lens and hits the shutter. In other words, nothing happens yet. Now let's say that the dog looks really cute and you decide to snap a picture. What happens? When you press the button, the shutter opens for a very short period of time. A small amount of light passes through and hits the film at the back of the camera. This creates an upside-down and reversed image on the film. When you finish the roll of the film, you can take it to the photo shop to develop it and you will have a great picture of your dog! Cameras come with different lens lengths. Why does it matter? Many small cameras have shorter focal lengths, which means that there is a small distance between the lens and the place where the light focuses at the back of the camera. This gives you a large view of the area you are taking a picture of. Lenses with a long focal length show a smaller area but allow you to focus on distant objects and make them bigger. They are often called telephoto lenses. A good example of a long focus lens is one that is used by sports photographers to get photos of football players as if they were standing right beside them. Digital cameras In digital cameras, the light falls not on film but onto a sensor called a CCD (Charge Coupled Device). This digitally converts light and color into a digital information or pixels . The CCD is the heart of any digital camera and usually the most expensive part ---- depending on how good it is. Generally speaking, a digital camera's price is _ .
|
[
"closely related to the quality of the CCD",
"irrelevant to the quality of the CCD",
"closely related to the lens",
"irrelevant to the lens"
] | 0A
|
college_computer_science
|
mmlu_labeled
|
ELMONT, N. Y. (AP)---Elmont High School senior Harold Ekeh had a plan--he would apply to 13 colleges , including all eight Ivy League schools, figuring it would help his chances of getting into at least one great school. It worked, And then some, The teenager from Long Island was accepted at all 13 schools, and now faces his next big test: deciding where to go. "I was stunned, I was really shocked, "Ekeh told The Associated Press during an interview Tuesday at his home near the Belmont Park racetrack, his four younger brothers running around. He found out last week he had been accepted to Princeton University. That made him eight for eight in the Ivy League--he had already been accepted to Yale University , Brown University, Columbia University , Cornell University , Dartmouth College, Harvard University and University of Pennsylvania. His other acceptances came from Johns Hopkins University, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, New York University, Stony Brook University and Vanderbilt University. "We are so proud of him, " said his mother , Roseline Ekeh."Hard work, dedication, prayer brought him to where he is today. " Born in Nigeria, Harold was eight years old when his parents brought the family to the United States. "It was kind of difficult adjusting to the new environment and the new culture, " he said. But he saw his parents working hard, "and I took their example and decides to _ He referenced that effort in his college essay, writing, "Like a tree, uprooted and replanted, I could have withered in a new country surrounded by people and languages I did not understand. Yet, I witnessed my parents persevere despite the potential to give in. I faced my challenges with newfound zeal; I risked insults, spending my break talking to unfamiliar faces, ignoring their sarcastic remarks. " Harold "is tremendously focused in everything he does." said John Capozzi, the school's principal, "He's a great role model. All the students and faculty are so proud of him. " Harold is the second Long Island student in as many years to get into all eight Ivies. Last year, William Floyd High School's Kwasi Enim chose to go to Yale. Harold, who has a 100. 51 grade-point average and wants to be a neurosurgeon, said he was leaning toward Yale, and had heard from Enin, offering congratulations. Like Enin, he's likely to announce his college choice at a press conference later this month. The deadline to decide is May 1. Harold is probably going to
|
[
"Harvard",
"Princeton",
"Yale",
"MIT"
] | 2C
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Is the following trait inherited or acquired?
Megan has a scar on her right leg.
|
[
"inherited",
"acquired"
] | 1B
|
natural science
|
scienceqa
|
Which likely would taste most similarly to sugar?
|
[
"tobacco",
"meat",
"a tangerine",
"rice"
] | 2C
|
nutrition
|
mmlu_labeled
|
This is the SCIENCE IN THE NEWS, I'm Barbara Klein. Animal experts say one of the world's most beautiful and rare kinds of big cat is close to disappearing from the wild. A study earlier this year found that about thirty Amur leopards still live free. The cats are also called Far Eastern leopards. Recently, their number has been reduced by one, Some person shot a female Amur, then beat her to death. The animal's body was discovered last month in the Barsovy National Wildlife Refuge in eastern Russia. An official of the World Wildlife Fund, Darron, said this was the third such killing in the area in the past fives years. Mr, Collins said the death of even one adult female is a huge loss for the endangered cat, He noted that the killing reduces the possibility for cubs or young. It is not clear how many Amur leopards still live free. One population count was performed in February and March. Wildlife expert Dmitry Pikuuov led this study. It found evidence of seven to nine males. The study identified three to seven females without cubs, Four leopards were identified as females with cubs. In all, five or six cubs were recorded, Six to eight animals could not be identified. Most of the land where the Amur leopard once lived was in China.New roads and climate change there threatened the animals. So did hunters who kill big cats for their body parts. Mr. Pikuuov says adult Amurs need about five hundred square kilometers with good forests to survive. He said they also need a large and continuing supply of animals like deer for food. He believes the answer to saving the Amur leopard is for governments to provide protected spaces for wildlife. This passage is probably from _ .
|
[
"a magazine",
"a newspaper report",
"a TV report",
"a film"
] | 2C
|
college_biology
|
mmlu_labeled
|
It is said that there's no such thing as a free lunch, but even if you manage to bag a bargain meal, it will not taste as good as a more expensive choice, according to scientists. A new study has found that restaurant goers who pay more for their meals think the food is tastier than offered for a smaller price. The experts think that people tend to associate cost with quality and this changes their perception of how food tastes. Scientists at Cornell University studied the eating habits of 139 people enjoying an Italian buffet in a restaurant. The price of the food was set by the researchers at either $4 or $8 for the all-you-can-eat meal. Customers were asked to rate how good the food tasted, the quality of the restaurant and to leave their names. The experiment showed that the people who paid $8 enjoyed their meal 11% more than those who ate the "cheaper" buffet. Interestingly those that paid for the $4 buffet said they felt guiltier about loading up their plates and felt that they overate. However, the scientists said that both groups ate around the same quantity of food in total. Brian Wansink, a professor of consumer behavior at the university, said: "We were fascinated to find that pricing has little effect on how much one eats, but a huge effect on how you interpret the experience." He thinks that people enjoyed their food more as they associated cost with quality and that small changes to a restaurant can change how tasty people find their meals. In a previous study, researchers from the university showed that people who eat in bright lighting consume more than people who eat in less brightly lit areas. Who will benefit most from the new study?
|
[
"The person who runs a restaurant.",
"The person who often eats outside.",
"The person who works on decoration.",
"The person who studies in university."
] | 0A
|
nutrition
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Amy is short-sighted, so she wears glasses. But she doesn't wears glasses when she is with her fried, Jack. When Jack comes to her house to take her out, she takes her glasses off. When she gets bake ,she puts on the glasses. One day, Amy's mother asks her ,"Why don't you wear your glasses when you are with Jack? He takes you to see many ;lovely places in his car, but you can't see anything clearly."Amy says, "He thinks I look more lovely when I'm not wearing my glasses and I think he looks better, too." When Amy gets back, she _ .
|
[
"puts on her glasses",
"has a rest",
"helps to do the housework",
"takes off her glasses"
] | 0A
|
human_sexuality
|
mmlu_labeled
|
What is a decomposer?
|
[
"a living thing that breaks down dead organisms",
"a living thing that makes its own food",
"an animal that eats live plants",
"an animal that hunts other animals"
] | 0A
|
college_biology
|
mmlu_labeled
|
People around the world drink about 180 billion liters of soda a year. That translates to more than 29 liters per person. Experts say the amount of carbonated soft drinks we consume is growing. New research from the American Heart Association finds that drinking soda, even diet soda, may significantly increase your risk for heart disease. Dr. Ramachandran Vasan led the study. "Drinking just one or more sodas a day may not be as innocuous as people think." In a large study of 9,000 people, doctors discovered that those who drank one or more sodas a day had a 30% increased risk for obesity , a 25% increase in the risk for abnormal blood sugar levels, and a 32% increase in the odds of having low levels of good cholesterol . All of these factors increase the risk for heart disease. And there was no difference in the results for those who drank diet soda over regular soda. It's something that surprised even the researchers. Critics of the study say diet soda may not be the cause of increased risk of heart disease. Connie Diekman is president of the American Dietetic Association. "It does not conclusively say that this will cause that." In other words, it could be that unhealthy people like soda. Dr. Vasan found those who drink soda generally tend to have greater caloric intake. They eat more saturated fat and trans fats. They also eat less fiber and exercise less. Diet soda drinkers may also share this unhealthy lifestyle. Dr. Vasan agrees that the link he found between heart disease risk and diet soda needs additional study. According to the study, which of the following is true?
|
[
"Only people who overdrink sodas have high risk for heart disease.",
"In the study, about one quarter of people have high blood level.",
"Both regular and diet sodas can probably increase the risk for heart disease.",
"Dr. Vasan is the leader of the American Heart Association."
] | 2C
|
nutrition
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Doctors, psychologists , economists and other experts have recently got together to find out what makes us happy and have come to surprising results. One of the main topics is how to measure happiness. Although some experts say that there are many ways to measure happiness, like recording a person's feelings, satisfaction in life or being healthy, others say that you can't really measure happiness, but you can see it. Money is really important in most people's lives. Once people have enough money to support their living, they pay more attention to other meaningful things. In many cases, friends and a close family are more important. Some people also need meaningful and creative work to find happiness. Studies find that there is a connection between happiness and health. Most of the time, people who are happier have better health. They work better and they are not as stressed as others. Besides, happier people may be able to live longer and enjoy their happiness. Studies also show that those who laugh a lot and those who are in good moods are also happier. Is there a way of achieving happiness? Some experts say that if people express their thanks, they can become happier. Joining pleasant conversations can also bring more satisfaction and happiness. Not surprisingly, people feel that a good relationship is important in being happy. Happiness is also _ . The results show that if you happen to have a member of your family or a friend near you who is happy, you'll happy, too. What plays a more important role in most people's daily life, according to the passage?
|
[
"Health.",
"Money.",
"Satisfaction.",
"Friendship."
] | 1B
|
human_sexuality
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Children are children after all, and most of them speak their mind. When they are just toddlers , they are all lovely and lively. And it's so interesting to watch them speak like a grown-up. But as they grow, these same kids seem annoying and ill-mannered if they try to be a grown-up. Conflicts go between parents and children. It's hard to tell who are right and who are wrong. A child of 7-8 always finds some reasons to have a conflict with it's parents. Whether it is about some toy, studies, a party or a company, there is always a difference between them. And it becomes worse when they answer you back. Scientists tell us that children should be treated with care. Yes, sure they should respect their elders. We are partly responsible for this. At an early age we encourage children to behave like adults, just because we find it funny. The kids on the other hand consider this same behavior as normal and get used to it. And when it is not funny for us any more, we expect them to stop it, but by then it is already too late. Only when they reach a certain maturity will the children realize that answering back and being rude are not acceptable . Until then, most of the time their behavior is difficult to change, unless by force . And use of force is against the every good idea, as it weakens the child's confidence. So it is one thing to bring a child into this world but quite another to make them into well mannered citizens. The best way is to be a good example ourselves, as our children are the mirrors of us adults. There are many conflicts between _ .
|
[
"fathers and mother s",
"parents and children",
"parents and toddlers",
"parents and parents"
] | 1B
|
human_sexuality
|
mmlu_labeled
|
What do working mothers worry about the most? It's the kids of course. Whatever the setting, the question I get asked the most is "Will the kids be alright?" It has made me realize that we tend to look at the glass half-empty rather than half-filled when it comes to mixing work and family. We forget about all the benefits that we bring to our children when we work - and I'm not talking about the obvious financial benefits, although these of course shouldn't be taken for granted. About a year ago I remember getting a call from the school just as I was pulling up to the house after having driven 20 minutes to the school and 20 minutes back. "Mrs. Brown Quinn, your son asked us to call. He forgot his sports clothes. Can you come back to the school and drop them off?" I was exasperated ! I had already spent 40 minutes in aggressive weekday morning traffic. I replied, "Sorry, I'm working at the moment. I'm afraid my son needs to learn to be organized." Being a good parent requires delivering tough love sometimes. Kids need to learn to be independent. It can be a cruel and competitive world out there. Seeking interests, including business, outside of your kids, can give you that extra idea that you need not care for your kids with attention. This benefit of working isn't always immediately evident. It wasn't until our daughter went away to college that she realized why we had raised her in the way that we did. "Mom, I can't believe how so many of my friends struggle to manage things on their own. They are constantly calling their parents for help." You'll love that moment! After all those years of complaining about why you don't do this or why you don't give them that, your kids realize that tough love has made them better people. How can kids become better people according to the author?
|
[
"By showing them your deep love.",
"By giving them all your attention.",
"By giving them tough love.",
"By giving them freedom to do things on their own."
] | 2C
|
human_sexuality
|
mmlu_labeled
|
It's an annual argument. Do we or do we not go on holiday? My wife says no because we have no savings to save us. I say you only live once and we work hard and what's the point if you can't go on holiday. The joy of a recession means no argument next year - we just won't go. Since money is known to be one of the things most likely to bring a relationship to its knees, we should be grateful. For many families the recession means more than not booking a holiday A YouGov survey of 2, 000 people found 22% said they were arguing more with their partners because of concerns about money. A recent research shows arguments about money were especially damaging to couples. Kim Stephenson, an occupational psychologist, believes money may be different things to men and women. "People can say the same things about money but have different ideas of what it's for." he explains. "They'll say it's to save, to spend, for security, for freedom, to show someone you love them." He says men are more likely to see money as a way of buying status and of showing their parents that they've achieved something. "The biggest problem is that couples assume each other know what's going on with their finances, but they don't. There seems to be more of a taboo about talking about money than about death. But you both need to know what you're doing, who's paying what into the joint account and how much you keep separately. In a healthy relationship, you don't have to agree about money, but you have to talk about it." According to the text, what does Kim Stephenson believe?
|
[
"Money is often a symbol of a person's status.",
"Money means a great deal to both men and women.",
"Men and women spend money on different things.",
"Men and women view money in different ways."
] | 3D
|
human_sexuality
|
mmlu_labeled
|
A mouse is homozygous for black fur (BB). The other parent is heterozygous for black fur with a recessive trait for brown fur ( Bb ). If black is the dominant trait, what percentage of the offspring will be brown?
|
[
"100%",
"50%",
"25%",
"0%"
] | 3D
|
natural_science
|
ai2_arc_challenge
|
Stopping teens from smoking is a big challenge many communities face today. Many communities can only watch without being able to act while local businesses continue to sell tobacco products to children, even under the risk of punishment by law. Recent studies show that a large percentage of teens today are getting their cigarettes from stores, mostly gas stations or convenience stores. As teens continue to be able to buy their own cigarettes, more and more communities begin to punish those who sell cigarettes to the teens. One community has experienced success in their attempts to stop the sale of tobacco products to children. Woodridge, Illinois, started a program seven years ago which forbade and strictly punished the sale of tobacco products to children. The entire program includes local licensing of vendors , repeated undercover inspections to see if the sale to children has stopped, and education programs in schools. Woodridge has become a model community as other communities are moving to stop teen tobacco use. A recent national study showed that 36.5% of females, and 40.8% of males buy their cigarettes from stores, whether it is a gas station or a supermarket. Hopefully, as more and more sellers see the trouble they face if caught selling to children, they will stop selling. True, tightening down on stores that sell tobacco to children isn't going to completely stop the problem of teen tobacco use. Teens continue to get them from other sources. But it definitely does prevent their efforts. With more education in schools, and perhaps stronger punishments for teens caught with tobacco, more and more teens will see the problems with the tobacco usage, and will stop the habit. To stop teens from smoking, more and more communities are _ .
|
[
"punishing those who sell cigarettes to teens more severely",
"punishing teens caught with tobacco more severely",
"educating those who sell cigarettes about the danger of teen smoking",
"stopping the sale of tobacco products in stores"
] | 0A
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
The flying fox is not a fox at all. It is an extra large bat that has got a fox's head, and that feeds on fruit. Like all bats, flying foxes hang themselves by their toes when at rest, and travel in great crowds when out flying. A group will live in one place for years. Sometimes several hundreds of them occupy a single tree. As they return to the tree towards sunrise, they quarrel among themselves and fight for the best places until long after daylight. Flying foxes have babies once a year, giving birth to only one at a time. At first the mother has to carry the baby on her chest wherever she goes. Later she leaves it hanging up, and brings back food for it to eat. Sometimes a baby bat falls to the ground. Then the older ones fly down and try to pick it up. If they fail to do so, it will die. Often hundreds of baby bats can be found lying on the ground at the foot of the tree. Flying foxes have fights _ .
|
[
"to occupy the best resting places",
"only when it is dark",
"to protect their homes from outsiders",
"when there is not enough food"
] | 0A
|
college_biology
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Two brightly colored butterflies have just flown by. They seems to be exactly alike, but actually one is a little larger than the other. The larger insect has a wingspread of up to four inches. The smaller one has a wingspread of less than three inches and also a black line on its back wings. At first sight, it is hard to tell them apart. Would you guess from this that they are different-sized butterflies of the same species? Or that they are different species of butterflies but close relatives belonging to the same family? If you said yes to either question, you would be wrong, for these look-alikes belong to quite different families. The larger insect is the monarch butterfly . As a baby insect, the monarch feeds on milkweed, which seems to give the monarch a disagreeable taste and smell. The bright coloring of the monarch acts as a warning sign to its enemy. Birds that eat butterflies soon recognize the monarch and quickly learn to leave it alone. The smaller insect is the viceroy , which feeds on the leaves of trees. Birds would find this insect tasty, but because it looks like the monarch, birds keep away from it. The viceroy's similarity to the monarch gives it some protection from its enemies and helps it survive. There are other pairs of look-alike butterflies, bees and moths. In each case, one either has a disagreeable taste or smell, or can give a painful sting . The larger is called the model. The insect that imitates this model for protection is called the mimic. Which of the following statements is TRUE?
|
[
"There are few look-alikes among insects.",
"The monarch butterfly and the viceroy are not close relatives.",
"There are only a few species of butterflies in the wild.",
"A monarch butterfly rules the world of butterflies."
] | 1B
|
college_biology
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Playing with toy blocks may lead to improved language development in young children, a new study reported. Early childhood is an important period in the development of young minds. The newborn brain grows three times in size between birth and age 2. Scientists have said that certain activities during this important period may promote healthy development while others may hold it back, and development of memory and language may especially be helped by imaginative play. After six months, language scores among half of the 175 children aged 1-1/2 to 2-1/2 who were sent plastic blocks were 15 percent higher than a matched group that did not receive the free blocks, according to the study by researchers at the University of Washington in Seattle. Parents were given ideas about how to help their children play with the blocks, then were told to keep diaries of their children's activities over four days. Finally, all the parents filled out questionnaires that judged their children's vocabulary, grammar, and other language abilities. Study author Dimitri Christakis said unstructured play with blocks motivated children's thinking, memory and physical skills at a time when a child's brain is growing rapidly. "They are the foundation of thought and language," he wrote of the skills learned from building blocks. "Older children begin to make up stories for these objects ." Such play may also take the place of less helpful activities such as watching TV, he said, adding parents ought to have doubts about some toy-makers' words. "An increasing number of media-based products are making ungrounded claims that they can make children smarter, more literate, and more musical," Christakis said. We can infer from what Mr Christakis said that _ .
|
[
"television will be definitely replaced by blocks",
"the market will be full of media-based toys",
"we can't always believe what toy makers say",
"toy makers care about kids' development very much"
] | 2C
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
An oral drug, named ERDRP-0519, was invented. It is specifically designed to protect people who got infected measles from spreading the virus to others. Like the flu, measles spreads through the air by breathing, coughing or sneezing. There is typically a time, about two weeks, between becoming infected with the virus and the beginning of symptoms like skin rash , runny nose, heavy cough and high fever. "This therapy application determines the desired characteristics of the drug, which are orally available, cost-effective manufacture and high stability," Richard Klemperer, professor of Georgia State University, told reporters last Wednesday. "With these criteria in mind, we have developed a small drug that blocks the measles virus over the past years, which is essential for copy of the virus." The researchers tested the drug in rats infected with canine distemper virus , which is a close relative of measles virus. They found that all of the infected rats treated with the drug survived the deadly infection, showed no clinical signs of disease and developed a strong protective immune response. The drug could be used to treat friends, family and other social contacts of a person infected with measles virus, which have not developed symptoms yet but are at risk of having caught the disease, Klemperer said truthfully. "The emergence of strong antiviral immunity in treated animals is particularly encouraging, since it suggests that the drug may not only save an infected individual from disease but contribute to closing measles immunity gaps in a population," Klemperer said. The researchers emphasized the drug is not intended as a substitute for vaccination, but as an additional weapon to get rid of the measles. They planned to test the drug's safety in larger animals, before moving into clinical trials in humans. "If our next series of studies confirms that the human situation mirrors what we have seen in rats, then this drug may make a major contribution to getting rid of measles by preventing local outbreaks" Klemperer said. Despite the existence of an effective vaccine, annual measles deaths worldwide have remained constant at around 150,000 since 2007. The reasons for this are the highly infectious nature of the virus, in the developing world largely due to issues of resources, and in many developed countries in particular in the European region due to parental concerns regarding vaccination safety. If a boy got infected by measles virus, he might NOT show the symptom like _ .
|
[
"runny nose",
"bad cough",
"high fever",
"sick stomach"
] | 3D
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
What will man be like in the future----in 5000 or even 50,000 years from now? We can only make guesses, of course, but we can be sure that he will be different from what he is today, for man is slowly changing all the time. Let us take an obvious example. Man, even five hundred years ago, was shorter than he is today. Now, on average, men are about three inches taller. Five hundred years is relatively short period of time, so we may assume that man will continue to grow taller. Again, in the modern world we use our brains a great deal. Even so, we still make use of only about 20% of the brain's capacity. As time goes on, however, we shall have to use our brains more and more, and eventually we shall need larger ones! This is likely to bring about a physical change to the head, in particular the forehead, will grow larger. Nowadays our eyes are in constant use. In fact, we use them so much that very often they become weaker and we have to wear glasses. But over very long period of time it is likely that man's eyes will grow stronger. On the other hand, we tend to make less use of our arms and legs. These, as a result, are likely to grow weaker. At the same time, however, our fingers will grow more sensitive because they are used a great deal in modern life. But what about hair? This will probably disappear from the body altogether in course of time because it does not serve a useful purpose any longer. In the future, then, both sexes are likely to be bald. Perhaps all this gives the impression that future man will not be a very attractive creature to look at! This may well be true. All the same, in spite of all these changes, future man will still have a lot in common with us. He will still be a human being, with thoughts and emotions similar to our own. It can be inferred from the passage that _ .
|
[
"future life is always predictable",
"human beings hope for a change in the future life",
"human beings will become less attractive in the future",
"Less use of a bodily organ may lead to its degeneration"
] | 3D
|
human_sexuality
|
mmlu_labeled
|
If you're training for a marathon, a proper plan for water intake is important. Of course, there's the risk of dehydration . But athletes now know they can also get into trouble by drinking too much. Too much water intake can lower levels of sodium in the blood. The death of a 28-year-old woman following the Boston Marathon caught the attention of many runners and led to new research. Experts advise long distance runners to replace the liquids they sweat out. Their goal is to try to keep someone from not getting dehydrated by more than 2 percent of their body weight. One technique for deciding how much water you need is to get the exact numbers. Runners have to weigh themselves before and after a run to determine how much water they've lost. If their weight drops by more than 2 percent, they have not drunk enough water. Hyponatremia occurs when runners drink so much water that blood salt levels drop off. A study published last year tested 488 runners who completed the Boston Marathon and found 13 percent of them had dangerously low blood salt levels. The first sign that runners may notice is slightly swelling in the hands. They can't get their rings off, and then they might feel sick. They may not remember where they are. In fact, most runners get enough salt to get back to normal levels by eating just one meal after a run. Contrary to the old advice that runners should drink as much as they can to prevent dehydration, the new research has shown that the body is a remarkable machine that actually tells you via thirst when you need water. Why do runners have to weigh themselves before and after a run?
|
[
"They can improve their performance in a run.",
"They can learn how much salt there is in the blood.",
"They can know the quantity of water they've lost during a run.",
"They can decide what kind of water they should take during a run."
] | 2C
|
nutrition
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Which is the softest?
|
[
"wood canoe",
"styrofoam packing peanuts",
"plastic ball"
] | 1B
|
natural science
|
scienceqa
|
Which is a nonrenewable resource?
|
[
"oil",
"trees",
"solar energy",
"food crops"
] | 0A
|
natural_science
|
ai2_arc_challenge
|
What information supports the conclusion that Abby acquired this trait?
|
[
"Abby's mother speaks one language.",
"Abby learned to speak two languages in school."
] | 1B
|
natural science
|
scienceqa
|
Have you thanked your grandma today? You might want to consider it. A recent study found that kids live longer when a grandmother takes part in their daily lives. Most animals die soon after their childbearing years are over. Women, however, often live for many years after they stop having kids. To try to understand why, researchers from Finland looked at birth and death records of two communities from the 18th and 19th centuries, one in Finland and one in Canada. In these communities, 537 Finnish women and 3,290 Canadian women were grandmothers who had lived past the age of 50. For every decade they lived beyond 50, the researchers found that the women ended up with an average of two extra grandkids. It didn't matter what the differences in health or living conditions were between the two communities or from family to family. Grandchildren were also more likely to live into adulthood if their grandmothers were alive when they were born. If their grandmothers were younger than 60 at the time, that was even better. The study also found that women had children 2 to 3 years earlier if their own mothers were still alive at that time than those whose mothers had died. The researchers suggested that grandmothers have provided important assistance in raising their grandchildren for at least the past 200,000 years. As a result, they helped extend everyone's lifespan. So, don't take your grandma for granted! How many women in the survey in the two communities were grandmothers who had lived past the age of 50?
|
[
"537.",
"3,290.",
"3,827.",
"2,753."
] | 2C
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
How long does it take for an airplane to cross the Atlantic Ocean?
|
[
"6 seconds",
"6 hours"
] | 1B
|
natural science
|
scienceqa
|
Certain flowers will open for twelve hours and then close. Which stimulus do the flowers respond to when they open and then when they close for that time period?
|
[
"light levels",
"moon phases",
"seasonal temperatures",
"carbon dioxide levels"
] | 0A
|
college_biology
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Which describes the proper usage of bird beaks?
|
[
"skinny beats are best for sucking blood, fat beaks eat only eggs",
"skinny beaks work in only large spaces, fat beaks can only fit in narrow spaces",
"skinny beaks work to reach small spaces, fat beaks crack nuts",
"skinny beaks work to filet fish, fat beaks are useless"
] | 2C
|
college_biology
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Select the vertebrate.
|
[
"barrel jellyfish",
"redback spider",
"sea turtle",
"monarch butterfly"
] | 2C
|
natural science
|
scienceqa
|
Select the one animal that has all of the bird traits listed above.
|
[
"Green violetears are a type of hummingbird. Hummingbirds can use their wings to fly backward and upside-down! Green violetears also have a beak and feathers. Their eggs have shells and are the size of jellybeans.",
"Cobras hatch from eggs with shells. They have a wide, flat hood. A cobra can display its hood to scare away a predator. Like the rest of its body, the hood is covered in waterproof scales."
] | 0A
|
natural science
|
scienceqa
|
"Keep out or I'll chase you out! This is my property!" You hear this every spring. It is a long musical sound --- a bird song! Birds use their songs to communicate different messages to one another. People who study bird sounds are learning their meanings. Usually it is the male that sings. Early in spring he sings to say that he has picked out a piece of property. He sings to attract a female of his same kind. Together they will raise a family in his territory . He sings to tell all other birds of his kind to keep out. Each kind of bird has its own type of song. Cardinals sing something that sounds a little like "What cheer, cheer, cheer." Towhees sing, "Drink your tea." Most of the time, birds pay attention only to the songs of birds of their own kind. Cardinals answer cardinals, and song sparrows answer song sparrows. A cardinal knows that a song sparrow will not try to steal its mate. So you can see one reason why a cardinal may chase away another cardinal but will not bother a song sparrow. Most different kinds of birds eat different things. To find enough to eat, a bird needs a big piece of land to search in. Many kinds of birds have some ways of dividing up the land into territories. Song sparrows, cardinals ovenbirds, and white-throated sparrows are some of the birds that have territorial systems. Especially in early spring, birds work out the boundaries between their territories by singing "keep out" threats and by chasing and fighting each other. The birds continue singing to tell females that they have set up territories. Neighboring birds seem to agree that there are make believe fences between their pieces of property. Then they do not have to waste energy chasing each other instead of taking care of their young. Scientists guessed that some birds could recognize their neighbors by small differences in their songs. Two scientists who studied white-throated sparrows found that these birds can even tell the difference between songs of individual birds of their own kind. White-throated sparrows have songs that seem to say "I'm your neighbor" or "I'm a stranger" or "I'm your neighbor to the west." Other kinds of birds could tell neighbors from strangers by their songs, too. Some birds have their own territorial systems so that _ .
|
[
"they don't need to fight or chase each other",
"they often work together against threats",
"they build up fences to protect their property",
"they find a big piece of land to search for food"
] | 0A
|
college_biology
|
mmlu_labeled
|
A person wants to use a chemical energy to power a radio, so they change out the energy source through
|
[
"water",
"AAs",
"wind",
"the sun"
] | 1B
|
electrical_engineering
|
mmlu_labeled
|
"Developed and developing nations can learn from each other seeking a low-carbon economy. In terms of energy saving and green economy, China doesn't _ developed nations," said Zhou Changyi, director of the energy saving department of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology. "While we can learn many aspects from developed nations, they also should learn something from us, such as water conservation," Zhou said in a speech during the new Path of China's Industrialization forum at the ongoing China International Industry Fair. He said industrialized nations and China are dealing with different issues to fight climate change. The United Kingdom, for example, is concerned about transport, buildings and new energy in reducing carbon emissions. For China, the most urgent task is how to realize new type of industrialization and avoid mistakes that other countries made when they industrialized. Swiss power and automation technology group ABB called for a stronger focus on product life-cycle assessment, or LCA, which is used to study the environmental impact of a product from the research and manufacturing stage through its usage and recycling. Tobias Becker, head of ABB' s process automation division for North Asia and China, said LCA is an effective tool in helping manufacturing industries to reduce carbon emissions. LCA shows that industrial customers should focus on a product's environmental impact throughout its life-cycle instead of on its initial investment. Richard Hausmann, North East Asia CEO of Siemens, said, "The color of future industrialization is green. " The Germany company recently announces that it wants to receive orders worth more than 6 billion Euros ( US 8. 8 billion) for intelligent power networks, Smart Grid, over the next five years. Siemens has set a 20 percent market share target for the global smart grid business. A smart grid delivers electricity from suppliers to consumers using digital technology, advanced sensors specialized computers that save energy, reduce costs and increase reliability. The United States and China are considered the two biggest markets for smart grid. _ about Smart Grid isn't mentioned in the text.
|
[
"Small in size",
"Low-cost",
"Energy-saving",
"Security"
] | 0A
|
electrical_engineering
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Which is an example of a chemical reaction?
|
[
"Vinegar added to baking soda forms a gas.",
"Water evaporates into air.",
"Sugar dissolves in water.",
"Corn kernels are crushed to form flour."
] | 0A
|
college_chemistry
|
mmlu_labeled
|
The periodic table of the elements is systematically organized according to the
|
[
"rate at which the elements chemically react.",
"hardness of the elements.",
"structure of the atoms of the elements.",
"radioactivity of the atoms of the elements."
] | 2C
|
college_chemistry
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Do you often play with your pet dog or cat? Do you like touching animals like rabbits? They are cute. But someimes they may bite you. Then you could get a terrible disease--rabies. In China, 2,245 people got rabies in the first nine months of 2007. In September, 318 people died of rabies. Dogs, cats, rabbits and bats may have rabies. If they bite or scratch someone, the virus of rabies could go into the person's body. The person could even die. It's important to get the right _ very soon. Every year, more than 50,000 people aound the world die of rabies. Most of them are from poor countries. India has the most death . China is the second. ,. Which of the following animals may NOT have rabies?
|
[
"Rabbits.",
"Ducks.",
"Cats.",
"Bats."
] | 1B
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
A new organism is discovered. It is multicellular, autotrophic, and does not move on its own. In which kingdoms could the organism belong?
|
[
"Fungi and Plants",
"Protists and Plants",
"Animals and Fungi",
"Protists and Animals"
] | 1B
|
natural_science
|
ai2_arc_challenge
|
"In the online world you don't need to fill buildings or lecture theatres with people and you don't need to be trapped into a lecture timetable," says Peter Scott, director of the Open University's Knowledge Media Institute. The Open University, the UK's open access university, which allows people to study from home in their own time, has been an international pioneer of degree courses online. The university, with more than 263,000 students in 23 countries, has become a record breaker on the iTunes U service, which provides a digital library of materials for university students and staff.Instead of music or movies, Apple's iTunes U provides a download service for lectures and resources from universities around the world.Top universities from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard in the US to Oxford and Cambridge in the UK have been making their materials available, with no charge to the users. There have been 31 million downloads of OU materials, more than any other university, representing roughly 10% of all iTunes U downloads.Nearly 90% of these users are from outside the UK.In this online era, the OU student is also getting younger.A quarter of students are aged under-25 and only 10% are aged 50 or over.That change can only be accelerated as the cost of going to university increases in many countries.The prospect of learning from Harvard from your own bedroom is getting closer. "We have a belief that a degree and an opportunity are rights for all citizens.And we have got to enable the population of students attending higher education to scale up.What I am most excited about is that the privilege of going for higher education is not something only for the wealthy or for the smartest or for the most well-equipped students in the future," an American educator says.Online education will be a way of opening up more choices and getting beyond the big brand names of the most exclusive universities. At the Open University, Peter Scott says they are trying to develop services that give students exactly what they want, from face-to-face learning to the fully online experience."We can produce brilliant televisual material and get it to you on YouTube, on iTunes U or even on the web. OU students use iTunes U service to _ .
|
[
"search for the library",
"download educational materials",
"download music and movies",
"surf the Internet"
] | 1B
|
college_computer_science
|
mmlu_labeled
|
What is the volume of a small measuring spoon?
|
[
"5 milliliters",
"5 liters"
] | 0A
|
natural science
|
scienceqa
|
Insomnia is the inability to fall asleep or sleep restfully.It is a problem to nearly everyone at some time .A person may be awake for an hour in the middle of the night and then , next morning, feel that he hardly sleep all night Normally, worry about not getting enough sleep is the worst aspect of most insomnia.If insomnia is recurrent, however, it is important to find its causes and try to correct them, with the help of a doctor if necessary. Any of a large number of simple factors may take it difficult for someone to fall asleep or remain asleep.His matters may be too soft or too hard.If there are too many blankets on a hot night, he may be too warm; if the bedclothes are too light he may feel cold during the night.If it is not dark enough, or too noisy, this may cause difficulty in sleeping.Eating shortly before going to bed also be responsible for insomnia.Stimulating drinks, such as tea or coffee, can also keep people awake. Inability to fall asleep is sometimes a symptom of emotional or mental disorders.Insomnia may also be caused by pain and, very rarely, it can be a symptom of a physical disease. The cause of insomnia may be easy to correct.The sufferer should check the mattress, bedclothes and bedroom temperature, and make any necessary changes.An eye mask keeps out the night and ear-plugs shut out sound.He should relax for an hour or two before bedtime, perhaps by reading a book; watching TV, or taking a warm bath.If he wakes during the night he should try turning on the light and reading for a while.Taking warm milk and a biscuit or two may be helpful.Above all, he should try not to worry about sleeplessness when someone is tired enough he nearly always falls asleep. If necessary, a doctor may prescribe tranquillizers or sleeping pills.Take only the dosage he prescribes; any more is dangerous. Which of the following statements is not the cause of insomnia?
|
[
"too many blankets on a hot night",
"drinking juice",
"emotional or mental disorders",
"physical pain"
] | 1B
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
What is the mass of a bicycle?
|
[
"10 grams",
"10 kilograms"
] | 1B
|
natural science
|
scienceqa
|
SAN FRANCISCO -- In the western U.S., Hawaii and elsewhere across the globe, moon watchers were treated on Saturday to a rare celestial phenomenon: a total lunar eclipse . For about 50 minutes starting at 6:06 a.m. PST, the moon was completely blocked by the Earth's shadow. With only some indirect sunlight able to reach it after passing through the Earth's atmosphere, the moon took on a reddish weak light. Since the atmosphere scatters blue light, only red light strikes the moon, giving it a dark red color1. Dally Sam, who runs a public relations firm in Hawaii, said it had been cloudy and rainy, but the weather cleared just in time for the eclipse. Around 3 a.m., he awoke, as he usually does, and remembered to step outside the house in time to catch the beginning of the eclipse about a half hour later. No one else in the neighborhood was up then. "It was turning that dark red color1," Sayre, aged 47, said, "I'd better get a camera. To be able to see it just right outside our house was really cool." At the local observatory in Los Angeles, some 300 people, many holding coffee cups in the cold morning air, sat with blankets and chairs on the observatory's great grass land. "It's really a celestial festival out here," John Peter, aged 39, told the Los Angeles Times as he set up his camera. Lying on a slope north of downtown near the Hollywood sign, the place offers clear views of the sky. Observatory officials reminded the crowd when the eclipse began and big applause burst when the celestial event ended. A total lunar eclipse occurs when the moon goes through the long shadow cast by the Earth and is blocked from the sunlight that brightens it. ks5u We can infer from Para 5 that at 3:30 a.m. Dally Sam _ .
|
[
"found it was still raining heavily",
"saw a total lunar eclipse",
"went out walking as he usually does",
"still had to wait for a long time to see a total lunar eclipse"
] | 3D
|
astronomy
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Which relationship is likely true?
|
[
"sharks eat seaweed",
"cats eat grass",
"dogs eat light",
"ospreys eat perch"
] | 3D
|
human_sexuality
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Toddler Teacher About the Job November 16, 2011 TITLE: Toddler Teacher LOCATION: Sinton & Falfurrias, TX . REQUIREMENTS: Must have an Associate's or Bachelor's Degree in Early Childhood Development. Must have a valid driver's license and a safe driving record. Bilingual (English/Spanish) ability is preferred. Three years of prior employment experience in a pre-school program is required. Computer skills, including the use of word processing software, are preferred. Must be able to pass a pr -employment physical, a criminal background check and fingerprint clearance. Since the toddlers are very young,, the teachers should be very patient and help them. GENERAL DUTIES: Responsible for the day-to-day supervision and operation of the assigned classroom. Application Deadline: Open Until Filled Apply At: Community Action Corporation of South Texas P. O. Drawer 1820 Alice, Texas 78332 Teacher About the Job Location: Falfurrias & Hebbronville, TX Requirements: An Associate or Baccalaureate degree in early childhood or a related field and three years of teaching experience in a licensed public school setting at a grade level no higher than elementary school. If employed with an Associate degree, must obtain a Baccalaureate degree within four years of employment. Bilingual ability (Spanish/English) is preferred. Good communication skills, in written and oral forms, are necessary. General Duties: Children here are older than toddlers. Their ages are from 4 t0 5. So the teacher will provide activities that support the growth and development of each child in the assigned classroom. Application Deadline: Open Until Filled Send Application to: Community Action Corporation of South Texas P. O- Drawer 1820 Smith, Texas 78333 What is the common requirement of the two jobs?
|
[
"Good communication skills. .",
"Good computer software skills!'",
"Three years of professional experience.",
"A valid driver's license and safe record."
] | 2C
|
high_school_statistics
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Some spiders hunt on the ground, others build webs to trap their food, but the grass water spider catches its prey by running along the surface of the water. This special water spider lives on the grassy banks of streams where mosquitoes, damsel flies and other insects come to feed and breed. Although it is one of the largest spiders in prefix = st1 /New Zealand, it has an unusual ability. It doesn't disturb the water as it waits for its meal, and there is barely a ripple when it skims across the surface at lightning speed to catch its prey. Grass water spiders deal swiftly with larger insects like damsel flies by pulling their heads under the water and holding them there until they drown. After a meal, the grass water spider spends up to half an hour grooming itself. It wipes its eight eyes, brushes its antennae , and takes special care to clean the hairs on its body. It is the hairs that trap tiny bubbles of air so that the spider can run down a blade of grass and stay underwater for up to an hour when it is frightened. The hairs also keep the spider dry, even underwater. It is only when the female spider is caring for the young that she does not hunt on the water. After mating, she produces a large egg sac , which she carries around for five weeks. Once the eggs start to hatch, she attaches the sac to some blades of grass or a thistle. She then tears the sac open and releases the tiny spiders into the nursery web. The writer describes the special spider as "special" because _ .
|
[
"it walks on water",
"it has eight eyes",
"of its hairy appearance",
"of the way it produces its young"
] | 0A
|
college_biology
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Based on this information, what is Rufus's genotype for the body size gene?
|
[
"a normal-sized body",
"BB"
] | 1B
|
natural science
|
scienceqa
|
Bob is a middle school student. He is 13years old. He lives in Shanghai with his parents and his twin brother, Jack. They are in the same( ) school, but in different classes. Bob is good at Maths, but not good at English. He thinks it's a little difficult for him. But he plans to spend more time on it. Every morning, Bob gets up early. He usually reads English for half an hour. And then he has breakfast with his family. He usually has two eggs and a glass of milk. After breakfast, he walks to school with his brother. It takes them about twenty minutes to get to school. They get to school at about 7:40. Bob begins his classes at 8:00. After four lessons in the morning, he has a hamburger, some fish and vegetables for lunch at school. Then he has three classes in the afternoon. His last class is over at 4:50p.m. After school, he usually plays football or basketball from 5:00 p. m. to 6:00 p.m. He says it is good for his health to play sports every day. He gets home at 6:20 p.m. He usually eats some rice and vegetables for dinner. Sometimes, he eats some noodles. After dinner, he does his homework from 7:30to 9:30. Then he listens to music or reads books for a while( ). He doesn't watch TV or play computer games on weekdays. He goes to bed at 10:30 p.m. His friends say his lifestyle is very healthy. Do you think so? Bob usually has a hamburger, some _ and vegetables for lunch at school.
|
[
"eggs",
"fish",
"rice",
"noodles"
] | 1B
|
nutrition
|
mmlu_labeled
|
"Children should not be left unsupervised to play with a dog." say experts in this week's British Medical Journal. Their advice is part of a review aimed at doctors who deal with dog bites. "Dog bites and maulings are a worldwide problem, particularly in children." write Marina Morgan and John Palmer. Every year 250,000 people who have been bitten by dogs attend minor injuries and emergency units in the United Kingdom, and half of all children are reportedly bitten by dogs at some time, boys more than girls. Accurate death figures are difficult to obtain, but in the past five years, two to three cases a year have made news headlines. Based on the latest medical evidence, _ advise doctors how to examine and treat a patient presenting with a dog bite. They discuss the risk of infection and when to refer to specialist care. For travelers bitten abroad, they suggest assessing the risk of rabies . In terms of prevention, they suggest that children should be taught to treat dogs with respect, avoid direct eye contact, and not tease them. They should be taught not to approach an unfamiliar dog; play with any dog unless under close supervision; run or scream in the presence of a dog; pet a dog without first letting it sniff you; or disturb a dog that is eating, sleeping, or caring for its babies. "Dog owners also need to change their behavior", says Rachel Besser, a children's doctor and lifetime dog owner, in an article. "It is clear that not all dog owners appreciate that children should not be left unsupervised with a dog", she says. Just as some parents are obliged to take parenting classes, she would like to see compulsive classes for expectant dog owners to teach them about the responsibilities of dog ownership. Educational programs are also needed to teach children about some precautionary behaviors around dogs. Finally, she would like to see animal doctors advising dog owners about bite prevention, and doctors promoting bite prevention when treating patients who have been bitten by dogs. Which of the following can be the best title for the passage?
|
[
"Dogs, Dangerous To Children",
"Children Should Know Behaviors Around Dogs",
"Doctors, Treat Dog Bites Correctly",
"Never Leave Children Unsupervised With Dogs"
] | 3D
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
So you thought the hamburger was the world's most popular fast food? After all, McDonald's Golden Arches span the globe . But no, there is another truly universal fast food, the ultimate fast food. It's easy to make, easy to serve, much more varied than the hamburger, can be eaten with the hands and it's delivered to your front door or served in fancy restaurants. It's been one of America's favourite foods for over 50 years. It is, of course, the pizza. It's kind of silly to talk about the moment when pizza was "invented". It changed over the years, but one thing's for certain--it's been around for a very long time. The idea of using pieces of flat, round bread as plates came from the Greeks. They called them "plakuntos" and ate them with various simple toppings such as oil, garlic , onions and herbs. The Romans enjoyed eating something similar and called it "picea". By about 1000 AD in the city of Naples, "picea" had become "pizza" and people were experimenting with more toppings: cheese, ham, anchovies and finally the tomato, brought to Italy from Mexico and Peru in the sixteenth century. Naples became the pizza capital of the world. In 1889, King UmbertoIand Queen Margherita heard about pizza and asked to try it. They invited pizza maker, Raffele Esposito, to make it for them. He decided to make the pizza like the Italian flag, so he used red tomatoes, white mozzarella cheese and green basil leaves. The Queen loved it and the new pizza was named "Pizza Margherita" in her honour. Pizza went to America with the Italians at the end of the nineteenth century. The first pizzeria in the United States was opened in 1905 at 53 Spring Street, New York City, by Gennaro Lombardi. But the popularity of pizza really exploded when American soldiers returned from Italy after World WarII and raved about "that great Italian dish". Americans are now the greatest producers and consumers of pizza in the world. What do the Italian flag and a Pizza Margherita have in common?
|
[
"There is a picture of a Pizza Margherita.",
"They have the same colours.",
"Both of them represent Italy.",
"They are both popular in Italy."
] | 1B
|
nutrition
|
mmlu_labeled
|
The cellular membrane surrounds every human cell. The membrane protects the cell and transmits information about the cell's surroundings to organelles inside the cell. What organ system provides a similar function in the human body?
|
[
"endocrine system",
"skeletal system",
"integumentary system",
"lymphatic system"
] | 2C
|
anatomy
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Burt used a spoon to stir soup that was cooking on his stove. Which spoon will stay the coolest while he stirs?
|
[
"an iron spoon",
"an aluminum spoon",
"a wooden spoon",
"a silver spoon"
] | 2C
|
nutrition
|
mmlu_labeled
|
I first went to Harrow in the summer term.The school had the biggest swimming pool I had ever seen.It was a good joke to come up behind a naked boy, and push him out the pool. I made quite a habit of this with boys of my own size or 1ess. 0ne day I saw a boy wrapped in a towel on the side of the poo1.He was no bigger than 1 was,so I thought him _ .Coming secretly behind,I pushed him in,holding on to his towel so that it would not get wet.1 was surprised to see an angry face come out from the water, and being of great strength making its way by face strokes to the shore.I fled,but didn't succeed.He overtook me,pulled me hard,and threw me into the deepest part of the poo1.I soon climbed out on the other side,and found myself surrounded by a crowd of younger boys."Do you know what you have done? " They said."It's Amery:heis in Grade Six.He is champion at gym.he has won his football award." 1 was frightened and felt ashamed.How could I tell his position when he was wrapped in a bath towel and so small.He didn't seem pleased at all.so I added in a most brilliant word."My father.who is a great man.is also small."At this be laughed,and after some general words about my rude behavior and how I had better be careful in the future,expressed all was over. The writer thought Amery "a fair game" because the boy _ .
|
[
"1ooked like an animal",
"1oved games",
"was of similar size",
"was good at sports"
] | 2C
|
human_sexuality
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Peter King, 15, and Mary King, 13, went to see a doctor. Peter had a bad cold, so the doctor gave him some pills to take. Mary had a bad cough, so the doctor gave her some cough medicine. There are the words on the bottle of the medicine: Cough Medicine Shake well before use. Take three times daily after meals. At one time: adults --------- 2 teaspoonfuls Children 8 -- 14 1 teaspoonful Children 4 -- 7 1/2 teaspoonful Not suitable for children below the age of 4 Store in a cold place. Use before Oct.2007. Mary should _ before she takes some.
|
[
"shake the medicine well",
"eat her meals",
"do some exercises",
"drink something"
] | 0A
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Plants often use which enticing substance when attracting pollinators?
|
[
"sweet things",
"songs",
"comedy",
"bees"
] | 0A
|
college_biology
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Wilma Subra had no intention of becoming a public speaker. After graduating from college with degrees in chemistry and microbiology, she went to work at Gulf South Research Institute in Louisiana. As part of her job, she conducted field research on toxic (poisonous) substances in the environment, often in minority communities located near large industrial polluters. She found many families were being exposed to high, sometimes deadly levels of chemicals and other toxic substances. But she was not allowed to make her information public. Frustrated by these restrictions, Subra left her job in 1981, created her own company and has devoted the past two decades to helping people fight back against giant industrial polluters. She works with families and community groups to conduct environmental tests, interpret test results, and organize for change. Because of her efforts, dozens of toxic sites across the country have been cleaned up. And one chemical industry spokesperson calls her "a _ top _ gun" for the environmental movement. How has Subra achieved all this? Partly through her scientific training.Partly through her commitment to environmental justice. But just as important is her ability to communicate with people through public speaking. "Public speaking," she says, "is the primary vehicle I use for reaching people." If you had asked Subra before 1981 "Do you see yourself as a major public speaker?", she would have laughed at the idea. Yet today she gives more than one hundred presentations a year. Along the way, she's lectured at Harvard, testified before Congress, and addressed audiences in 40 states, as well as in Mexico, Canada, and Japan. What did Wilma Subra study for her job before 1981?
|
[
"Chemistry and microbiology.",
"Families affected by toxic chemicals.",
"Toxic substances in the environment.",
"Minority communities near industrial polluters."
] | 2C
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Which object used in an experiment can safely be recycled?
|
[
"an aluminum can",
"a wet paper towel",
"salt spilled onto a tabletop",
"a broken graduated cylinder"
] | 0A
|
college_chemistry
|
mmlu_labeled
|
I had been to several doctors as a child, but I have a special place in my heart for Dr. Vincent. He was a Pediatric Cardiologist at UCLA back in 1971 who saved my life. I was eight years old at the time with a severe heart problem and I needed heart surgery. My Mom did not have the money, and without the surgery there was a real good chance I would not live to be thirteen years old. After contacting several organizations Dr. Vincent was able to get financial help for me through United Way, a Crippled Children's Organization. Dr. Vincent was a handsome man; he was also very gentle and caring. I remember being in the hospital for an Angiogram test, and during the procedure I was crying terribly, so the medical staff called in Dr. Vincent to calm me down, and he was able to comfort me when no one else could. Then the time came for me to have heart surgery; there was a fifty- percent chance that I would not make it through the surgery because it was experimental. At the time I was only the second or third person to have this procedure done. I was absolutely terrified, and again Dr. Vincent reassured me he would see to it that everything would be all right. I had a lot of confidence and trust in Dr. Vincent; He came to see me after the surgery, which was extremely painful but very successful, and brought me a stuffed animal. I was so surprised to get this gift from Dr. Vincent; I gave him a hug. I guess Dr. Vincent must have known I was feeling very lonely and scared. You see, I had no family or friends visit me while I was in the hospital except for my Mom, and I am not sure why. I do know one thing; I had a wonderful doctor who took the time to help a scared little girl who felt all alone. This was twenty eight years ago, so wherever you are Dr. Vincent, I want to thank you for not only saving my life, but you helped me live a normal productive life, and for showing me that you truly cared, for that I will be eternally grateful to you. How did Dr. Vincent get the money for the operation?
|
[
"He collected it in the hospital.",
"He saved the money day by day",
"He got help from an organization.",
"He borrowed the money from his friends"
] | 2C
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
It was a secret Eli kept until he was 8 years old. "He would scream, like we were hurting him when we tried to put a dress on him." recalled Grace, his mother. That was when Eli was an 18-month-old baby girl already rejecting anything female. Now, Eli's mother and Eli are sharing their story with CBS New York. Eli still remembers being a baby, and rejecting putting on a dress. "Oh, I remember that," he said. "It was like torture." Now Eli is 11 years old. He is, by all accounts, a happy, active boy who never doubted he was born the wrong sex. Eli said to CBS New York. It was hard to keep that secret for 8 years though, "It was kind of hard because I hadn't really told anyone ever," he said. "He said, 'I have a secret, and the secret is I don't want to be a girl. I think I'm a boy,'"Grace recalled. "...I thought, 'I don't know what we're going to do, but we're going to figure it out."' CBS New York reports that it was a less clear path for Ryan, now a 21-year-old man. He, too, was born female, but never felt like one. He didn't understand his feelings at the time. Then he learned about what it meant to be transgender on the Internet, and it began to make sense. "It was a relief to know what exactly I was or am," he said. Ryan's mother said at first it was hard to accept. "It's a scary thing to think about," she said. But she came around. "I was glad my son is able to become the person he needed to be," she said. Experts say the kind of family support both Ryan and Eli are getting is of great significance. Without it, many transgender kids suffer from anxiety, depression and high rates of suicide. "We see a lot of kids with a lot of mental health concerns, and we also see that those mental health concerns really reduced when the family is on board," said Jean Malpas of Ackerman Institute for the Family, a non-profit research organization to CBS New York. Grace said for her it went from a situation that felt really confusing and difficult to one that she now celebrates. "We feel so lucky to have him." she said. This passage is probably taken from _ .
|
[
"a news report",
"a scientific journal",
"a survey report",
"an academic essay"
] | 0A
|
human_sexuality
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Which of the water samples described below has the greatest average kinetic energy per molecule?
|
[
"1 liter of ice at a temperature of -50°C",
"10 liters of ice at a temperature of -75°C",
"1 liter of water at a temperature of 75°C",
"10 liters of water at a temperature of 50°C"
] | 2C
|
natural_science
|
ai2_arc_challenge
|
Complete the sentence.
A () can grow into a new plant.
|
[
"petal",
"leaf",
"seed"
] | 2C
|
natural science
|
scienceqa
|
The rise in smartphones among young people may be having a direct effect on how successful they become as adults. Research from the University of Nebraska-Lincoln has discovered the average university student checks their phones 11 times per lesson, and more than 80 percent believe this tech addiction is interfering with their learning. A quarter of students across five U.S states also blamed poor grades in exams specifically on the fact they used mobile devices when they should have been concentrating and revising - and these grades could determine the jobs they end up going into. Barney McCoy, an associate professor of broadcasting at the university, surveyed 777 students at six universities across five states about how they used digital devices in the classroom. The students were from UNL and the University of Nebraska at Omaha in Nebraska, Morningside College in Iowa, the University of North Carolina, the University of Kansas and the University of Mississippi. Around two thirds said they used phones, tablets and laptops for "non-classroom purposes" up to ten times during a typical university day, while 15 percent admitted this figure was closer to 30 times. Among the top reasons why students checked their devices so regularly were staying connected and fighting boredom, at 55 percent. Less than half said the devices were used for classwork. Texting was the most popular distraction technique at 86 percent, while 68 percent said they used their phones to check personal emails. Two thirds used social networks, 38 percent surfed the web and eight percent admitted to playing games when they should have been studying. Despite eight out of ten students admitting their devices were distracting, fewer than five percent considered it to be a "very big" distraction. "I don't think students necessarily think it's a big problem," said McCoy said. "They think it's part of their lives." "It's become automatic behavior on the part of so many people - they do it without even thinking about it." He continued, "They've got their laptops open, but they're not always taking notes. Some might have two screens open -- Facebook and their notes." The text is most likely to be found in a section about _ .
|
[
"successful people",
"political systems",
"science and technology",
"historical events"
] | 2C
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Being fit is a way of saying a person eats well, gets a lot of physical activities, and has a healthy weight. If you're fit, your body works well, feels good, and can do all the things you want to do, like running around with your friends. Some steps only parents can take - such as serving healthy meals or deciding to take the family on a nature hike. Here are three rules you can follow, if you're a kid who wants to be fit. 1. Eat _ Foods You may have a favorite food, but the best choice is to eat a variety. Taste new foods and old ones you haven't tried for a while. Some foods, such as green vegetables, are more pleasing than the older you get. Take at least five servings of fruits and vegetables a day - two fruits and three vegetables. 2. Drink Water & Milk When you're really thirsty, you can drink cold water. It's also enough to drink 2 or 3 cups of milk a day. 3. Listen to Your Body When you're eating, notice how your body feels and when your stomach feels comfortably full. Sometimes, people eat too much because they don't notice when they need to stop eating. Eating too much can make you feel uncomfortable and can make you put on weight. What kind of drinks should you take when you are really thirsty?
|
[
"Iced water",
"Hot water",
"Cold water",
"Warm milk"
] | 2C
|
nutrition
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Salt plays an important role in our daily diet. Even a small reduction in salt in the diet can be a big help to the heart. A new study used a computer model to predict -how just three grams less a day would affect heart disease in the United States. The result: Thirteen percent fewer heart attacks. Eight percent fewer strokes. Four percent fewer deaths. Eleven percent fewer new cases of heart disease. And two hundred forty billion dollars in health care savings. Researchers found it could prevent one hundred thousand heart attacks and ninety-two thousand deaths every year. The study is in the New England Journal of Medicine. Kirsten Bibbins-Domingo at the University of California San Francisco was the lead author. She says people would not even notice a difference in taste with three grams,or one-half teaspoon, less salt per day. The team also included researchers at Stanford and Columbia University. Each gram of salt contains four hundred milligrams of sodiu , which is how foods may list their salt content. The government says the average American man eats ten grams of salt a day. The American Heart Association advises no more than three grams for healthy people. It says salt in the American diet has increased fifty percent since the nineteen seventies, while blood pressures have also risen. Less salt can mean a lower blood pressure. New York City Mayor Michael Bloomberg is leading an effort called the National Salt Reduction Initiative.The idea is to put pressure on food companies and restaurants. Critics call it government interference. Mayor Bloomberg has already succeeded in other areas, like requiring fast food places in the city to list calorie information. Now a study by the Seattle Children's Research Institute shows that the calorie information on the menu can influence what parents order for their children. Ninety-nine parents of three to six year olds took part. Half had calories between the two groups for foods that the parents would have chosen for themselves. McDonald's menus clearly showing how many calories were in each food. Parents given the counts chose an average of one hundred two fewer calories when asked what they would order for their children. Yet there was no difference in calories between the two groups for foods that the parents would have chosen for themselves. Study leader Pooja Tandon says even small calorie reductions on a regular basis can prevent weight gain over time.The study was published in the journal Pediatrics. Which of the following benefits does less salt diet in the passage NOT cover?
|
[
"The decrease of strokes",
"The prevention of weight gain",
"Fewer heart attacks",
"The drop in medical care cost"
] | 1B
|
nutrition
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Which of these describes a property of all matter?
|
[
"All matter gives off light.",
"All matter is attracted by magnets.",
"All matter is made of atoms.",
"All matter dissolves in water."
] | 2C
|
college_physics
|
mmlu_labeled
|
When will a plant be considered a weed? Experts have a simple answer: when the undesirable qualities outweigh (,) the good qualities. Crops generally produce several hundred seeds from each plant. By comparison, each weed plant can produce tens or even hundreds of thousands of seeds. And some buried seeds can survive up to forty years or even longer. Eradicating weeds means that you have to remove all the seeds and roots so the weeds will die completely. But birds or the wind can reintroduce them to the land. A common way to deal with weeds is to control them enough so that the land can be used for planting. Experts suggest using more methods to deal with weeds. Chemical weed killers or natural treatments like corn gluten can suppress weed growth. Bill Curran is a professor of weed science. He says the most efficient method for suppressing weeds is dense planting. Dense planting of a crop can also act as a natural control. A dense and competitive crop that quickly shades the soil will help suppress many weeds. The weed seeds need light to grow, so cutting off sunlight will reduce weed growth. Other controls include turning over the soil, pulling the weeds or covering them with mulch made of wood, garden waste or other materials. But even mulch has its limits. Natural resource specialists point out that weeds can be transported in mulch. This is also true of soil, grain, hay and animals. Yet animals like sheep or goats eat weeds, so they can provide a biological control. Insects and other organisms can also act as biological controls. Preventing the spread of weeds is an important part of weed management. Farm vehicles should be kept out of areas with weeds. If that is not possible, then clean off the equipment and your shoes when leaving. Some people bum weeds or bury them deep. Experts say the economical way is to make organically rich compost . On the one hand, the process produces heat which can kill many weed seeds. On the other hand, the compost can be added to the soil to help plants grow. What can we infer from the passage?
|
[
"The weeds will surely die under mulch.",
"The buried weed seeds can't come out.",
"Farm vehicles should be used to kill weeds.",
"People can make good use of weeds properly."
] | 3D
|
college_biology
|
mmlu_labeled
|
A global positioning system(GPS)service is aiding the elderly in the Panlong district of Kunming,capital of Southwest China's Yunnan province. The telecommunications service provider,with the support o,f the local govemment,started the GPS tracking service in January to help the elderly,especially those with Alzheimer's disease,a condition that slowly destroys memory. Huang Haiying,an employee with a local telecommunications company,told China Daily that with the GPS devices ,the people who look after the elderly can quickly find their positions either online or by ca l l ing the service center in case ot emergencles. The system is also connected to the police,hospitals,fire services and community service centers to ensure that the elderly get quick and proper help,Huang said. Experts said that this service could improve the quality of life for thousands of elderly people with Alzheimer's,their families and those who look after them. Hundreds of people have already been helped by the service this year,Huang said. Huang said that the system has about 1 0,000 subscribers and she expects that number to grow 1 0 times over the next three years.A user pays 25 yuan($4)each month for the service.A family with an income below the local poverty line can get a 10 yuan subsidy evcry month from the government. The local government has spent more than 2 million yuan to subsidize the service to date. Rao Yuehui,director of the Panlong civil affairs department,said that about 90,000 people,or 15.4 percent of the district'S population,are more than.60 years old. He Xiangqun,an official with the Yunnan provincial civil affairs department,said that this means that the population meets international standards classifying it, as an aging society as defined by the United Nations. Which of the descriptions of the users of the GPS service is TRUE9.
|
[
"They are all sufferers of Alzheimer'S disease.",
"They get 2 million yuan from the government yearly.",
"Their number will grow to 100,000 after 2015.",
"Some of them have only to pay 15 yuan each month."
] | 3D
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Which graph is best to present data collected on yearly water usage in the United States?
|
[
"bar graph",
"line graph",
"scatterplot",
"circle graph"
] | 1B
|
high_school_statistics
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Which of these indicates a physical change that occurs during the process of digestion?
|
[
"the addition of acids to create a ball of food",
"the secretion of pepsin to change proteins to peptides",
"the breakdown of food substances by digestive juices",
"the squeezing of food through the intestines"
] | 3D
|
nutrition
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Compare the motion of two beluga whales. Which beluga whale was moving at a lower speed?
|
[
"a beluga whale that moved 30kilometers in 5hours",
"a beluga whale that moved 20kilometers in 5hours"
] | 1B
|
natural science
|
scienceqa
|
The personal computer has overtaken the family dog as man's best friend.according to a study. Researchers found that just 6 per cent of us believe that" most people rely more on their dog than they do on their PC",while 67 per cent think the opposite to be true. Even 38 per cent of dog owners admitted to relying more on their PC than on their dog, although 36 per cent disagreed. And 71 per cent of 18 to 24-year-old dog owners said they relied more on their computer. Paul Allen,editor of Computeractive magazine said:"These days you can even you're your PC for fl walk,provided you have a laptop or tablet." "It's only a matter of time until the first PC that fetches your slippers." Researchers questioned 2,000 British adults to find out the change modern technology has brought to their home life. They found that male dog owners are almost twice as likely as female owners to rely on their computer than a _ companion. Mr.Allen said:"With broadband bringing them global news and newspaper sales falling,the family dog even misses out on the pleasure of taking the paper to his owner." But it's not all bad news for obedient dogs. "The family PC has given dog owners access to a wealth of resources and information that can help with the long-term care that a dog needs,"Mr.Allen said. The advantage of dogs as pets over the personal computer now is that
|
[
"the dog can go out for a walk with people",
"the dog can help people fetch something",
"the dog can bring people more pleasure",
"the dog is more likely to follow its owner's orders"
] | 1B
|
computer_security
|
mmlu_labeled
|
If you have a fever, headache and runny nose, you might go to Google and type in the words "flu symptoms" to see whether you've come down with the disease. Google knows that you might do something like that, and it also knows which state you're in if you are in the United States. Now, it's putting that information together in a tool that could find out flu outbreaks faster than traditional systems currently in use, according to CNN report. It is called Google Flu Trends. "What's exciting about Flu Trends is that it lets anybody---doctors, health officials, moms with sick children---learn about the current flu activity level in their own state based on the data that's coming in this week," said Jeremy Ginsberg, the lead engineer who developed the tool. The tool operates on the idea that there's likely to be a flu outbreak in states where flu-related search terms are currently popular. To test the accuracy of the data, Google compared its figures against statistics filed over the past five years by the US Centers for Disease Control. It has a network of 1,500 doctors across the US who provide weekly reports on the number of patients complaining of flu-like symptoms. "We found we could highly accurately estimate what the flu activity levels would be in those years," Ginsberg said. They also found that the Google statistics, which can be gathered daily, were up to two weeks ahead of the government's data. The government's data took time to collect because it came from so many doctors. The ability to speed up the response of health services could prove invaluable when a serious outbreak happens. The results of Google's comparisons with official health statistics will be published in the science journal Nature. Google hopes to extend the service to other countries, and may in time include other illnesses. At present, the flu data is given for each of the 50 American states. The company says there are no privacy issues involved as the trends are gathered through combining millions of anonymous searches. What led to the development of Google Flu Trends?
|
[
"The fact that a lot of people use online information every day.",
"The idea that a flu outbreak is likely where flu-related search terms are popular.",
"The need to have a faster system than traditional ones currently in use by the government.",
"The patients' complaining of flu-like symptoms."
] | 1B
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
The health and welfare of every person in America will be affected by global warming, especially children, the elderly and the poor, according to a new White House science report. The report said every region of the country will suffer worse health from heat waves and drought. _ It predicts an increase in diseases spread by tainted food, bad water and bugs . The report concludes that climate change causes real risk to human health and human system that supports the way of life in the United States. Man-made global warming is caused by greenhouse gases from the burning of fossil fuels. At current emission levels, global temperatures are likely to rise by about 2 degrees by midcentury and about 7.5 degrees by the end of the century. The most vulnerable Americans -- the poor, elderly, sick, very young and immigrants -- will suffer more. That's at least 10 percent of the country's population, probably more. It will be tougher for these people to get enough health care for climate-related illnesses, to cool down in heat waves, to escape extreme events such as Hurricane Katrina, and even to get enough food. While every region of America is vulnerable to global warming's health and welfare effects, more people are moving to coastal regions, which are most vulnerable to climate change because of drought and hurricanes. According to the report, we learn all of the following will risk human's health EXCEPT _ .
|
[
"heat waves and drought",
"increase in the number of bugs",
"reduction in carbon dioxide emissions",
"global warming and climate change"
] | 2C
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Dyslexia is a learning disorder, it interferes with the ability to recognise words, and for some readers to understand what they have read. Experts say dyslexia affects about five to ten percent of the population of the United State. Researchers have long known that people with dyslexia write or read words and letters backwards in the wrong order. But a new study shows that people with dyslexia may have trouble redirecting their attention between senses, from seeing something to hearing something. The study suggests something that might help dyslexic people learn more quickly - play video games. Vanessa Harrar of Britain's University of Oxford led the study. She reported the findings in the journal Current Biology. The study suggests that dyslexic people may have trouble moving quickly from what they read to what they hear. Doctor Harrar calls this a " _ shifting of attention across the senses." "So, if you are trying to read something and then trying to listen to somebody who's reading aloud and you're trying to follow along with what they are reading -- they have to switch their attention from hearing what they are saying to looking at the piece of paper and back again. So we found they have quite sluggish shifting of attention across the senses," said Harrar. In the study, Doctor Harrar tested 17 people with dyslexia, and 19 others without reading problems. The volunteers were asked to push a button as quickly as possible when they heard a sound, saw a light or experienced both together. Doctor Harrar compared the speed of their reactions. She found that people with dyslexia were just as fast as the others when they saw only a picture or heard only a sound. But the dyslexics had a slower reaction time when they heard a sound and saw a picture at the same time. Doctor Harrar feels like playing action video games could help dyslexic people shift from seeing to hearing more quickly. She adds that images in video games force the eyes to move and focus quickly. "Video game types of things pop out of here and there, they move your eyes around the screen quite quickly in response to things quite quickly, and the more you play a video game the faster you get that kind of thing. So, the video game is really training the attention system to move quickly," said Harrar. The study also shows that dyslexic people have the most difficulty going between what they saw and what they heard, this may have an effect on how dyslexic children are taught how to read. When children learn the alphabet,they usually see the letter first and then hear the sound, or they see and hear the letter at the same time. The study shows that dyslexics might learn more quickly if they hear the sound of a letter or word first before seeing it. What is the importance of the finding?
|
[
"The finding will prove video games are not necessarily bad for children.",
"People with Dyslexia will be cured by playing video games.",
"People with Dyslexia will not be made fun of by others.",
"The finding may have an effect on the way to teach dyslexic children how to read."
] | 3D
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
"Congratulations, Mr. Jones, it's a girl." Fatherhood is going to have a different meaning and bring forth a different answer from every man who hears these words. Some feel proud when they receive the news, while others worry, wondering whether they will be good fathers. Although there are some men who like children and may have had considerable experience with them, others do not particularly care for children and spend little time with them. Many fathers and mothers have been planning and looking forward to children for some time. For other couples, pregnancy was an accident that both husband and wife have accepted willingly or unwillingly. Whatever the reaction to the birth of a child, it is obvious that the change from the role of husband to that of father is a difficult task. Yet, unfortunately, few attempts have been made to educate fathers in this re-socialization process. Although many good books have been written about American mothers, only recently have some books discussed the role of a father. It is argued by some writers that the transition to the father's role, although difficult, is not nearly as great as the transition the wife must make to the mother's role. The mother's role seems to require a complete transformation of daily routine and adaptation to a new life, on the other hand, the father's role is less demanding and immediate. However, even though we have mentioned the fact that growing numbers of women are working outside the home, the father is still thought by many as the breadwinner in the household. Some writers argue that with respect to the change of roles, fathers, compared with mothers, _ .
|
[
"have to do more in the household",
"have to make more difficult adaptations",
"have an easier job to do",
"can usually do a better job"
] | 2C
|
human_sexuality
|
mmlu_labeled
|
There is an English saying :"laughter is best medicine ."Until recently ,few people took the saying seriously .Now however ,doctors have begun to look into laughter and the effects it has on the human body .They have found that laughter really can improve people's health . Tests were carried out to study the effects of laughter on the body .People watched funny films while doctors checked their hearts ,blood pressure ,breathing and muscles .It was found that laughter had similar effects to physical exercise .It increases blood pressure ,the heart beating and breathing ; it also works several groups of muscles in the face ,the stomach ,and even the feet .If laughter exercises the body ,it must be beneficial . Other tests have shown that laughter appears to be able to reduce the effect of pain on the body .In one experiment doctors produced pain in groups of students who listened to different radio programmes .The group that tolerated the pain for the longest time was the groups which listened to a funny programme .The reason why laughter can reduce pain seems to be that it helps to produce a kind of chemicals in the brain which _ both stress and pain . As a result of these discoveries ,some doctors in the United States now hold laughter clinics ,in which they help to improve their patients' condition by encouraging them to laugh .They have found that even if their patients do not really feel like laughing ,making them smile is enough to produce beneficial effects similar to those caused by laughter . Doctors hold laughter clinics _ .
|
[
"to give better condition to their patients",
"in order to improve patients' health",
"to make patients smile",
"to prove smile and laughter have the same effect"
] | 1B
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Do you know why you sleep? You may think it's because you're tired. Or perhaps you've been told sleep is good for you. Yet no one knows exactly why or how people sleep. Until the early 1950s, most scientists thought the body and brain rested during sleep. Then a scientist watched people sleep. He noticed that during periods of between 5 and 30 minutes each, sleepers' eyes made rapid movements, as if they were watching something. He called these periods REM sleep, for Rapid Eye Movement. Periods when sleepers' eyes did not move he called non-REM sleep. Whenever the scientist woke people during REM sleep, they were having vivid dreams. Measurements showed that sleepers' pulses went up quickly during REM sleep. Their breathing, heartbeat, and the blood going to the brain also increased. Far from being a time of rest, REM sleep is a time when the body is hard at work. Scientists still don't know the reason for this. Some believe REM sleep makes learning easier. Babies spend a lot of time in REM sleep. Because of this, some scientists believe that REM sleep helps the brain grow. Others think REM sleep is a time for the brain to empty the day's garbage. One thing all the scientists agree on is that sleep is necessary. Without enough sleep, people make mistakes. Most major car accidents happen during the early morning hours, when people are sleepiest. What is the main idea of the article?
|
[
"REM sleep helps the brain grow.",
"REM sleep has been watched and recorded by scientists.",
"REM sleep is a time to empty the day's garbage.",
"REM sleep is an active time when the body is hard at work."
] | 1B
|
nutrition
|
mmlu_labeled
|
What is a lever used to move?
|
[
"planets",
"small objects",
"liquids",
"substantial objects"
] | 3D
|
high_school_physics
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Everyone needs to be healthy. Do you eat healthy food every day? It's important for your health. You need fruit, like oranges, apples and bananas. _ " You also need vegetables, like carrots and broccoli. Fruit and vegetables are good for our health. But don't eat lots of chocolate. It's not good healthy food. What about dessert? Don't eat lots of dessert because it's not good for your health. Many people eat lots of chocolate and dessert, so they are _ . Sports can also keep you healthy. Play sports every day. Don't be lazy. You can be healthy. An apple a day can keep away the doctor _ .
|
[
"The doctor doesn't like an apple.",
"You don't need a doctor.",
"You bring an apple to the doctor and he runs away .",
"You eat an apple a day and you can be healthy."
] | 3D
|
nutrition
|
mmlu_labeled
|
If you're still of the belief thaJ mental health conditions aren,t as serious as physical ones,a new report will open your eyes. The United States spent about $201 billion on mental illness in 2013, according to the new analysis published in the journal Health Affairs. That makes it the costliest medical condition in the country. Heart conditions were the second costliest condition, falling far behind menial disorders at $147 billion. Trauma and injury was third at $143 billion. "One key finding of this study is the degree to which spending on mental health disorders in 2013 topped those on all other medical conditions, including heart conditions, trauma, and cancer. Researcher Charles Roehrig wrote in the study's conclusion. Just a decade ago, heart conditions outweighed mentd disorders. Health care costs on heart Problems were about $105 Million in 1996, with mental disordere coming in second at $79 billion. The findings are just another example of how important it is to recognize mental illness as a widespread public health issue. Nearly one in four people will experience a mental health condition at some point in his or her life. Despite this fact, though, there's still a lack of sensitivity and understanding in society--and even the medical community--when it comes to mental disorders. Research shows discrimination involved in mental health. Negative thoughts surrounding mental illness often prevent people from seeking treatment, which can have serious consequences. Data also suggests that not paying attention to mental illness can affeci a company 's bottom line. Serious mental illnesses result in about $193 billion in lost earnings per year. Lastly, the cost of mental health issues extends beyond a dollar sign, but perhaps the shocking figure in the report will finally serve as a wakeup call for those who believe psychological conditions aren't real issues. In other words, can we please take mental illness seriously now? What is the author5 s purpose in writing this passage?
|
[
"To show harmful effects of mental disorders.",
"To raise people's awareness of mental health.",
"To prove the importance of public health issue.",
"To remind people to have mental examinations."
] | 1B
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Playing video games has become a real job now. Players can get a lot of money. They compete, watched by thousands of fans in arenas , with millions more following online. 40 years ago the first known competition (playing Spacewar at the US's Standford University) offered a magazine as first prize. In 2014 the world championship for Dota 2 had the prize of almost $11 million and 10,000 fans watched live as Chinese team won the first prize. Last year also saw the first e-sports arenas open in the US and a 15,000-seater e-sports stadium in China, the e-TV sports report by sports network ESPN and the $450,000 worth e-sports scholarship offered by Chicago's Robert Morris University. If you're over 30, you probably don't, directly, unless you happen to be a fanatical player of the most popular e-sports games. But your children or grandchildren do. They know the players by their gaming handles and hope to follow their heroes into a gaming world. What has playing video games become now?
|
[
"A job.",
"A sport.",
"A hobby.",
"A competition."
] | 0A
|
computer_security
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Dormant cane toads emerges from mud to ended their
|
[
"long slumber",
"day",
"life",
"meeting"
] | 0A
|
college_biology
|
mmlu_labeled
|
The last five pounds. The vanity pounds. The dream weight. The fantasy weight. The high school weight. Yes, many names are given to the weight - the five pounds - that seems just out of reach no matter how much we exercise and improve our eating habits. But why is it out of reach? Is it all in our heads? Or is it because the body has a set-point or ideal weight - a weight to which it doesn't want to give in? "There is no such thing as ideal body weight," says James, author of "Weight Loss That Lasts." "But your body does resist you when you are trying to lose weight. It gets used to a certain weight over a long period of time and then will defend that weight." In other words, the body's "set point" can be lowered - or raised, he says, but it takes time to reset that new weight. That period of time is at least six months. "I often ask patients, 'What is the lowest stable weight of your adult life?' to get an idea of what is realistic" in terms of weight loss and maintenance , James says. He refers to the body's refusal to change, weight-wise, as an "biological control system that prevents us from going hungry and dying - part of our primitive biology." Some people might get down to their dream weight for a short period but then can't keep it long because the calorie limits are too strict once the body starts defending itself against weight loss. "That's why it's important to set realistic goals," he says. "The idea of the 'ideal weight' or 'dream weight' is really just a useless exercise." But let's say your goal is realistic and has been set by a nutritionist or other weight-loss professionals and _ . What could be going on? The reason is that you need fewer calories the less you weigh. So if you want to continue to drop weight, you have to drop calories and increase calorie-burn. James encourages people to tell the difference between weight loss goals for health reasons and those to do with vanity. "They are different issues," James says. "One is where important health benefits are seen and the other is about vanity - wanting to look good in a bathing suit." What might a" set-point weight" refer to?
|
[
"A weight that the body doesn't want to change.",
"A weight that you have kept for a long time.",
"A weight that you are trying to lose.",
"A weight that can be raised or lowered."
] | 0A
|
nutrition
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Lindsay Binegar of Greenfield, Ohio, made her first $ 100 at the age of four, when she won a prize for showing a pig from her family's farm to the local 4H Club. Most kids would be thrilled to spend that money on toys, but not Lindsay. "I didn't get the money; it went to the bank," she told the Columbus Dispatch. Over the years, Lindsay kept on raising and showing pigs, and kept on winning prizes. Some were $ 100 for small wins, but she won thousands of dollars for championship prizes at county fairs. Before long, she earned an impressive amount of cash--but, aside from a purse when she was 14, Lindsay had never spent a dollar of her savings. By the time she was 18, she had got more than $ 40,000, which she planned to put towards her college education at nearby Ohio University. But her parents said that if she continued living at home while attending school, they wouldn't have to pay for her dorm housing, and would be willing to cover the entire cost of her education. It sounded like a good deal to Lindsay. But what should she do with her savings? Her father had an idea:buy a house, just as he'd done when he was young. He used the house's sale to help him buy the family farm where Lindsay had grown up and raised all those lucrative pigs. Lindsay was able to buy a house in Greenfield, paying for the entire purchase in cash. She did a bit of painting and then rented it out for $ 450 a month. After finishing college, Lindsay plans to marry Heath McNeal, and use the income from her house to buy a block of land and build a new house. But she'll never move too far from home. "I would like to stay in Greenfield," she said. "I just love everybody here. " At her current rate, she'll probably be the town's biggest real estate tycoon by the age of 25. What did Lindsay do with her first prize?
|
[
"She kept it as pocket money.",
"It was spent on toys.",
"She used it to buy more pigs.",
"It was put in the bank."
] | 3D
|
high_school_microeconomics
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Every day, about one-quarter of American adults eat at fast-food restaurants. Cheap, tasty, and convenient, fast food is rich in fat and calories, and it's low in fiber and nutrients. Thanks in large part to fast food, half of America's adults and one-quarter of its children are fat, double the rate of a generation ago. In the past two decades, eating habits have changed as people pay more attention to their health. However, many Americans continue to eat red meat (beef in particular) as well as pork, chicken and other foods. Although beer and wine are popular in most areas, many Americans _ alcohol, because they think they will become healthier without drinking it. Various kinds of mineral water are commonly available. Eating styles and habits vary between people of different backgrounds, but Americans generally eat with the fork in the hand with which they write. A knife is used for cutting and spreading; otherwise, it is laid on the plate or table. Fast foods, such as chips, fried chicken, hamburgers, and pizza, tend to be eaten with the fingers. There is an obvious difference between what people may do at home or in a fast-food restaurant, and how they act in a more formal restaurant. Because both parents often work outside the home, some Americans are less likely to sit down as a family to eat once the children are older and able to prepare their own food or serve themselves. How many adults became fat after eating fast foods a generation ago?
|
[
"12.5% of them",
"25% of them",
"50% of them",
"75% of them"
] | 1B
|
nutrition
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Subsets and Splits
No community queries yet
The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.