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It is a matter of common observation that although money income keeps going up over the years, we never seem to become richer. Prices are rising continuously. This condition is what we call inflation: the money supply is becoming inflated so that each unit of it becomes less valuable. We have got used to higher and higher rates of inflation in recent years. What could be bought twenty years ago for one pound now costs well over 2 pounds. And at present this rate of inflation seems to be rising rather than falling. If in the real world our money incomes go up at the same rate as prices do. One might think that inflation doesn't matter. _ When money is losing value it also loses one of the qualities of a good money--stability of value. It is no longer acceptable as a store of value; and it becomes an unsuitable means of delayed payment. Nobody wants to hold a wasting possession, so people try to get rid of money as quickly as possible. Inflation therefore simply stimulates our spending and discourages saving. .Under inflation people are likely to _ .
|
[
"go to the bank more often than usual",
"save more money since their incomes rise",
"spend money quickly rather than to save it",
"keep money at home instead of going to banks"
] | 2C
|
high_school_microeconomics
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Complete the statement.
Rhenium is ().
|
[
"a compound",
"an elementary substance"
] | 1B
|
natural science
|
scienceqa
|
The following represents a number displayed on a calculator. 1.454545 E3. Which of the following shows how a student should record this number in a laboratory report?
|
[
"(1.45)^3",
"1 5/11",
"1.45 x 10^3",
"1.45 x 3"
] | 2C
|
college_mathematics
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Large populations of tortoises inhabited the Galapagos Islands before humans. When humans settled on the islands and introduced goats, the number of tortoise declined. What is most likely the explanation for the decrease in the tortoise population?
|
[
"Goats consume tortoise hatchlings.",
"Goats pollute water sources.",
"Goats compete with tortoises for vegetation.",
"Goats contribute to soil erosion."
] | 2C
|
college_biology
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Scientists will put some robot fish into the sea near Spain this year. These robot fish will help people find out the pollution in the water. If the robot fish are able to finish their work successfully, the team of scientists hopes the fish will be used in rivers, lakes and seas around the world. The robot fish are about 1.5 meters long. There is a detector in their bodies. It can find the pollution in the water, and then the robot fish will eat part of it. They can "swim" for eight hours in the sea freely and send back information to people on the beach. After their energy runs down, they will go back to the beach by themselves. There are five robot fish altogether. Each costs about 29,000 dollars. They are part of a three-year project between engineering company BMT Group and Essex University in southeastern England. ,. (2,10) The five robot fish cost _ dollars altogether.
|
[
"14,500",
"29,000",
"145,000",
"1,450,000"
] | 2C
|
college_computer_science
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Complete the sentence.
Stapling an envelope shut is a ().
|
[
"physical change",
"chemical change"
] | 0A
|
natural science
|
scienceqa
|
Chinese officials yesterday urged employers to take more measures to protect workers against workplace diseases and injuries. Experts estimate that about 200 million workers face a potential danger of occupational diseases and work-related injuries. The majority of them are farmers-turned-workers who are working in small or medium-sized firms. One of the most serious workplace diseases on the Chinese mainland is pneumoconiosis, a lung disease that is caused by breathing in too much dust of coal, silicon, and cerement. It causes serious breathing difficulties and can be fatal . The disease killed 966 people in the country last year, according to an official report released by the Ministry of Health yesterday. From the early 1950s until the end of last year, 607,570 people were diagnosed with pneumoconiosis. Among the number, 137,481 people died from the disease. Chen Xiaohong, vice minister of health, said the general level of prevention and control of workplace diseases is still quite low in China. "Health authorities at various levels will do more education work in the future to raise employers` awareness that they are the first person responsible for any workplace diseases or accidents," Chen said. He made the remark at a ceremony held by his ministry and other relevant departments under the State Council to award prizes to 56 companies which have done well in protecting workers` health. On the Chinese mainland, more than 16 million companies are engaged in potentially dangerous sectors, such as coal mining, construction, and those that use chemicals, according to the Ministry of Health. Although many companies, especially large foreign-invested and State-owned ones, have done well in protecting workers` health, many employees are still working in dangerous places with poor protection and without any insurance support. At least 90 per cent of Chinese companies are small or medium-sized organizations. Many of these companies, especially private ones based in towns and villages, do not want to spend their money strengthening workplace protection against various diseases and injuries, or buying insurance policies for their employees. According to statistics from Chinese labour and social welfare authorities, there are about 120 million farmers-turned-workers working in Chinese cities. Less than 10 per cent of them have medical or injury insurance and many have no contracts with employers. According to Chinese law on preventing occupational diseases, employers should establish qualified working conditions before opening factories, buy insurance policies for their workers, and provide regular health examinations for labourers. However, according to a survey last year of 74,946 companies that use chemicals or are based in "dangerous sectors," only about 50 per cent offered health tests for workers. In order to protect the workers` health, _ .
|
[
"the government should strenghthen its related laws.",
"the companies should take more measures.",
"the workers should fight for their rights.",
"All of the above."
] | 3D
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
One Test for Graduate and Business School. Getting an advanced degree can create many opportunities. The GRE revised General Test--the most widely accepted graduate admission test worldwide--can bring you one step closer to achieving your career goals. There has never been a better time to take the test that gives you more opportunities for your future. The GRE revised General Test features question types that closely reflect the kind of thinking you'll do in graduate or business school. Who Takes It? Prospective graduate and business school applicants from all around the world who are interested in pursuing a master's , MBA, specialized master's in business or doctoral degree take the GRE revised General Test. Applicants come from varying educational and cultural backgrounds and the GRE revised General Test provides a common measure for comparing candidates' qualifications. GRE scores are used by admissions or fellowship panels to supplement your undergraduate records, recommendation letters and other qualifications for graduatelevel study. When and Where Do People Take It? The GRE revised General Test is available at more than 700 test centers in more than 160 countries. In most regions of the world, the computerdelivered test is available on a continuous basis throughout the year. In Mainland China, Hong Kong, Taiwan and Korea, the computerdelivered test is available one to two times per month. In areas of the world where computerdelivered testing is not available, the paperdelivered test is available up to three times a year in October, November and February. Who Accepts It? The GRE revised General Test is accepted at thousands of graduate and business schools as well as departments and divisions within these schools. If you want to study for a master's degree in the USA, you'd better _ .
|
[
"achieve your career goals",
"earn as much money as possible",
"take the GRE revised General Test",
"vary educational and cultural background"
] | 2C
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
According to a survey, only 4% of the people in the world are left-handed. Why? One theory centers on the two halves of the brain. For example, the left half and the right half, each of which functions differently. Medical science believes that the left half of the brain dominates over the right half. The foundation of this theory is the fact that nerves from the brain cross over at neck-level to the opposite side of the body, and nerves from the other side of the brain reciprocate . The end result is that the opposite sides of the body are controlled by the opposite sides of the brain. The dominant left half of the brain, which kindly supplies the right half of the body, theoretically makes it more skillful in reading, writing, speaking, and working, and makes most people right-handed. Lefties, however, whose right half of the brain dominates, work best with the left side of their bodies. Theory number two focuses on the _ nature of the body. Examples of the asymmetry, which flows from head to toe, are that the right side of our faces differs slightly from the left, that our legs differ in strength, or that our feet vary in size. One aspect of this asymmetry is that for most people the right hand is stronger than the left. There is no doubt that all exist in a "right-handed society", which produces most basics, including scissors, doorknobs, locks, screwdrivers, automobiles, buttons on clothing, and musical instruments for the 96%. Left-handed people make up for the unfairness by being members of an elite society, which includes many of the greatest geniuses, including Michelangelo and Leonardo da Vinci. What can be inferred from the passage?
|
[
"Left-handed people may feel inconvenient in this right-handed society",
"This is an equal society for the left-handed people",
"Most great geniuses are left-handed",
"Left-handed people are considered to be disabled"
] | 0A
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Which of the following is most likely to cause water to change from one state of matter to another state of matter?
|
[
"increased precipitation",
"the weathering of rocks",
"a decrease in wind speed",
"a change in air temperature"
] | 3D
|
high_school_physics
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Are you the type of person who always says"yes"?I've come to learn that it is very im-portant to learn to say NO!It's okay. People are still going to like you. They may even respect you more because they know you are honest. I,m not saying to say"no" to someone who really needs your help. I'm talking about re-fusing that meeting that you really do not want to attend or that birthday party that you don't want to be a guest at. Think for a moment how you feel when you say YES to something that you really don't want to do. If you're like I once was,you can't sleep at night and you think about it too much. It weighs on your mind. You try to find ways out. Whatever you're saying to yourself,if you really wanted to go,you wouldn't have all of these thoughts. So,why not just say NO from the beginning? Maybe you feel like if you don't show up at the meeting(by the way,it is not one you must attend) your boss isn't going to like you or your co-workers won't respect you. Maybe you feel as if your mom,dad or sisters won't love you as much if you don't do everything for them that they ask every occasion. If these people are your true friends,family members,or a good boss,they will like or love you the same no matter what. People treat you the way you teach them to,and if you're some-one who always says"yes" then that's what they,re expecting. You need to do what is right for you. Of course we do have real obligations in life to ful-fill,but we do not have to do everything others want us to do. Which of the following statements would the writer agree with?
|
[
"We should try to do what our friends ask us to do.",
"We should help others in need.",
"Always saying\"yes\" means you are dishonest.",
"Always saying\"no\" means you are brave."
] | 1B
|
human_sexuality
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Many children think mobile phones are cool. They come in fun colours and you can talk with a friend anytime and anywhere. In the USA, more than 90 million people use mobile phones. Many of those people are children. For children, mobile phones are more than phone calls. They are fashionable. Most mobile phone users don't think about the health problems caused by mobile phones. Some scientists say that mobile phones give off radiation that might be bad for users. One recent study shows that mobile phone radiation might raise a person's chance of getting some kinds of cancer. Other scientists say mobile phones are not bad for people's health. They say that they didn't find any link between mobile phone use and cancer. Scientists say that people can protect themselves from mobile phone radiation. One way is to use an earphone, or people can make shorter calls. In the USA, who thinks mobile phones are more than phone calls?
|
[
"women",
"men",
"scientists",
"children"
] | 3D
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Visible light passes through glass. Other types of electromagnetic radiation are able to pass through other materials in a similar way. Which of the following are used in medical technology because they can pass through some parts of the human body?
|
[
"x-rays",
"infrared waves",
"microwaves",
"ultraviolet rays"
] | 0A
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
It's been just over a year since 9-year-old Zion Harvey received a double-hand transplant , and now, what he really wants to do is play football. "I feel happy about my new hands, and I don't feel different. I like that now I can throw a football further than when I didn't have hands," he said. The nation's youngest hand-transplant patient has been working hard to learn how to use his new hands. He lost his hands and his feet 7 years ago after suffering a serious infection. In August, the boy showed off his new abilities by throwing out the first ball at a baseball game. Dr. Scott Levin, team leader of Zion's operation, said Zion coped with the operation better than many adults. "I've never seen Zion cry," Levin said. "He's just an amazing boy. He has such courage and determination and gives us all inspiration." Zion said his courage came from the two most amazing people: his mom and his grandma. His mother, Pattie Ray, said, "It's been a long journey but now I feel I am living in my dream. It's his dream, and it's mine, too. I' m just living through him, and I'm just here to support him in any way and help him do whatever he wants to do." However, Zion told reporters his mom wouldn't let him try out for football. His mom said it's too dangerous. She also pointed out that he might be playing against little kids, not professionals, and she told him they would discuss it later. Zion tried to counter her argument. "My next goal: convince Mom to let me play football," he said. What did Dr. Scott Levin think of Zion?
|
[
"He was unusually quiet.",
"He was well worth praising.",
"He was cleverer than expected.",
"He was a talented football player."
] | 1B
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
He met her at the party. She was so outstanding, with many boys around her, while he was so normal, with nobody paying attention to him. At the end of the party, he invited her to have coffee with him. She was surprised, but due to being polite, she agreed. They sat in a nice coffee shop. He was too nervous to say anything, and she felt uncomfortable, thinking, "Please let me go home." Suddenly he asked the waiter, "Would you please give me some salt? I'd like to put it in my coffee." Everybody stared at him---so strange! His face turned red, but, still, he put the salt in his coffee and drank it. She asked him curiously, "Why do you have this hobby?" He replied, "When I was a little boy, I lived near the sea. I liked playing in the sea, and I could feel the taste of the sea, just like the taste of the salty coffee. Now every time I have the salty coffee, I always think of my childhood. I miss my hometown so much. I miss my parents who are still living there." While saying that, tears filled his eyes. She was deeply touched. That's his true feeling, from the bottom of his heart. A man who can tell about his homesickness must be a man who loves home, cares about home, and has a good sense of responsibility. Then she also started to speak, about her faraway hometown, her childhood, her family. That was a really nice talk, also a beautiful beginning of their story. They continued to date. She found that actually he was a man who meets all her demands: he was kind-hearted, warm and careful. He was such a good person but ! Thanks to his salty coffee! Then the story was just like every beautiful love story, the princess married the prince, then they were living a happy life...And, every time she made coffee for him, she put some salt in the coffee. After 40 years, he passed away, leaving her a letter which said, "My dearest, please forgive my whole-life lie. This was the only lie I said to you ---the salty coffee." "Remember the first time we dated? I was so nervous at that time. Actually I wanted some sugar, but I said salt. It was hard for me to change so I just went ahead." "I tried to tell you the truth many times in my life, but I was too afraid to do that, as I have promised not to lie to you for anything." "Now I'm dying, I'm afraid of nothing so I tell you the truth: I don't like the salty coffee. What a strange and bad taste! But I have had the salty coffee for my whole life!" "Since I knew you, I never feel sorry for anything I do for you. Having you with me is my biggest happiness for my whole life. If I can live for a second time, I still want to know you and have you for my whole life, even though I have to drink the salty coffee again." Her tears made the letter totally wet. Someday, someone asked her, "What's the taste of salty coffee?" "It's sweet," she replied. From the passage, we can see that the man is _ .
|
[
"dishonest but responsible",
"shy but kind-hearted",
"caring and loyal",
"warm and understanding"
] | 2C
|
human_sexuality
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Based on this information, what is Kraken's phenotype for the eye color trait?
|
[
"Ee",
"red eyes"
] | 1B
|
natural science
|
scienceqa
|
When astronauts walked on the Moon, they used weighted boots to help them walk due to the lower gravitational pull. What difference between Earth and the Moon accounts for the difference in gravity?
|
[
"density",
"diameter",
"mass",
"volume"
] | 2C
|
astronomy
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Cardinals
|
[
"have live births",
"eat only meat",
"incubate their food",
"incubate their young"
] | 3D
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
The British people are among the world's greatest readers of newspapers.It's been the custom ever since most people could read. But why do people want to do nothing but read while traveling to work in a train? Perhaps they are tired, or else they sit behind a newspaper to shut themselves off from the world.All the same, most men would notice a woman struggling with a heavy case and jump up to help her and a pretty girl sitting opposite wouldn't escape their attention either.In this case a paper is useful because they can have a good look at her from behind it without her knowing.Perhaps they do nothing but read.There are stories of girls and young men who met in the rush hours, got married, and went on traveling in the same train hand in hand. The main idea of this passage is that _ .
|
[
"people in Britain are great newspaper readers",
"why people read newspaper when they travel by train",
"people do nothing but read in a train",
"when people go to work in a train, they do different things"
] | 1B
|
human_sexuality
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Climbers at the top of Mount Everest, the world's highest peak, will now be able to make video calls and surf the Internet on their mobile phones, a Nepalese telecom group claims. Ncell, a branch company of Swedish phone giant TeliaSonera, said on Thursday it had set up a high-speed third-generation (3G) phone base station at an altitude of 5,200 metres in the Everest region. "Today we made the world's highest video call from Mount Everest base camp successfully. The coverage of the network will reach up to the peak of Mount Everest," Ncell Nepal chief Pasi Koistinen told reporters in Kathmandu. The installation will also help tens of thousands of tourists and hikers who visit the world's highest mountain every year. Climbers who reached its 8,848-metre peak previously depended on expensive satellite phones and a voice-only network set up by China Mobile in 2007 on the Chinese side of the mountain. "This is a great milestone for mobile communications as the 3G high speed Internet will bring faster, more affordable telecommunication services from the world's tallest mountain," said Lars Nyberg, chief executive of TeliaSonera, which owns 80 percent of Ncell. The 3G services will be fast enough to make video calls and use the Internet, said the company, which also claimed the world's lowest 3G base at 1,400 metres below sea level in a mine in Europe. Despite the installation in Mount Everest, telecom services cover less than one-third of the 28 million people of Nepal, one of the poorest countries in the world. TeliaSonera said it planned to invest $ 100 million in the next year to ensure that mobile coverage increases to more than 90 per cent of the Himalayan nation's population. The 3G network on Mount Everest puts TeliaSonera ahead of state-controlled Nepal Telecom, Indian-owned United Telecom and China Mobile. Around 3,000 people have climbed to the Everest summit since Edmund Hillary and Tenzing Norgay became the first people to conquer the peak in 1953. What is the best title of the text?
|
[
"Telecommunication in Nepal",
"3G services reach Mt. Everest summit",
"TeliaSonera takes lead in communication",
"Good news for hikers and climbers"
] | 1B
|
computer_security
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Which object has the least thermal energy?
|
[
"a 9-kilogram block of steel at a temperature of 198°C",
"a 9-kilogram block of steel at a temperature of 0°C",
"a 9-kilogram block of steel at a temperature of 195°C"
] | 1B
|
natural science
|
scienceqa
|
Which cookie has more thermal energy?
|
[
"the colder cookie",
"the hotter cookie"
] | 1B
|
natural science
|
scienceqa
|
Which body system is most affected by a disease that causes the bones to become weak and brittle?
|
[
"excretory",
"muscular",
"skeletal",
"nervous"
] | 2C
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
What is one way to change water from a liquid to a solid?
|
[
"decrease the temperature",
"increase the temperature",
"decrease the mass",
"increase the mass"
] | 0A
|
natural_science
|
ai2_arc_challenge
|
What information supports the conclusion that Isabelle acquired this trait?
|
[
"Isabelle is in the Air Force. She flies a plane almost every day.",
"Isabelle can fly a plane on cloudy days and at night.",
"A pilot taught Isabelle how to fly a plane."
] | 2C
|
natural science
|
scienceqa
|
What information supports the conclusion that Michelle inherited this trait?
|
[
"Michelle's parents were born with wavy hair. They passed down this trait to Michelle.",
"Michelle and her mother both have short hair."
] | 0A
|
natural science
|
scienceqa
|
A new U.S.government report says more than two million Americans fall ill each year with drug--resistant bacterial infections ,and 23,000 of them are dying as a result.The head of the United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention[CDC]said that the number probably will grow.Officials warn that steps must be taken now to preserve the effectiveness of antibiotic drugs. Without urgent action to stop that trend,warned Tom Frieden whose agency wrote the report,the miracle drugs to fight them won't be available in the future. "If we are not careful,the medicine chest will be empty when we go there to look for a lifesaving antibiotic for someone with a deadly infection.But if we act now,we can preserve these medications while we continue to work on development of new medicines."The report names a drug--resistant abuse of gonorrhea ,which causes about one quarter of a million hospitalizations in the United States annually.Of the number at least 1 4,000 result in death. Drug resistance develops through the overuse and inappropriate use of anti--bacterial agents.These can be:doctors prescribing them to patients who have viral infections that are not affected by medicine meant to fight bacteria;patients not taking all of their medicine as prescribed,so the bacteria making them sick are only weakened,not killed;antibiotic use in healthy farm animals to prevent illness and promote growth.Antibiotic remainders left in meat and animal products can then lead to drug resistance in humans. To limit the spread of resistant infections,experts recommend wider use of routine immunizations ,as well as hand--washing in hospitals and other health care facilities.Also,the report urges hand--washing by food handlers. Michael Bell,deputy director of the Division of Healthcare Quality Promotion at CDC,said Patients also can play a role in preserving the effectiveness of antibiotics by asking health care providers a few simple questions. According to Frieden,we must take measures without delay to preserve effectiveness of antibiotics,or _ .
|
[
"we will have to develop better medicines in place of antibiotics",
"there may be no effective anti-bacterial drugs for use in the future",
"we can't find other medicines to cure serious illnesses in the future",
"more and more Americans will suffer from bacterial infections each year"
] | 1B
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
I am an American student. My name is Vicky King. I have a big family. I have two brothers. They and I are in the same school. My grandma and grandpa live with us. They are my father's parents. My father is from England, but my mother's hometown is at the foot of the Great Wall of China. My brothers and I were all born in New York. Because my father works in a school in New York. He teaches English. People often ask us, "What do you like eating?" It is not easy to answer this question! Well, let me tell you. My grandpa has been to India, so he likes Indian food. My father likes hot dogs, potato chips and hamburgers. My mother likes rice, noodles and dumplings. She often does very nice Chinese food for us. So my brothers and I like Chinese food a lot but English food a little. We don't like Indian food at all. Her grandfather is _ .
|
[
"from England",
"from China",
"from India",
"from America"
] | 0A
|
nutrition
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Pets provide an unconditional love that requires very little on the part of the human. Animals are so special to those of us who love them. We miss them when they are no longer with us. We grieve for them in ways which are just the same as grieving for a human loved one. Whether the end comes through old age, illness, or sudden death, the death of a pet can cause enormous feelings of sorrow, guilt, and loneliness for children and adults alike, as the animal was considered a family member, a child's favoured playmate, or an older person's loyal and faithful companion. Some people don't want a pet because they do die! It's understandable to be unwilling to expose yourself to death but, at the same time, _ . When we live with animals we're more in step with the rhythms of the planet from day to night and from season to season because our companions make us more aware of the changes around us. Our companion animals teach us about the simple gifts of a beautiful day, a good meal and a gentle touch. The death of a pet can make us struggle with our belief structure-a natural part of the grieving period. Whether grieving an animal or human, we question our beliefs and many people find their belief structure becomes stronger when they ask themselves hard questions. Others find a new way of acceptance. And we learn from our animals. Animals aren't afraid to die; they show us that the end of life can be faced without fear. They can teach us to accept death as an opening for love and wonder. Allow yourself to grieve in whatever way is appropriate for you. The loss of a pet is real grief and causes us to travel through the stages of grief-denial, anger, depression, guilt, and acceptance. These stages must be lived through for the mourning to allow full healing. What's the attitude of the author towards grieving a pet?
|
[
"Neutral.",
"Negative.",
"Positive.",
"Critical."
] | 2C
|
human_sexuality
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Dolphins are not fish, but warm-blooded animals. They live in groups, and speak to each other in their own language. In this, they are like other animals, such as bees and birds. But dolphins are very different from almost all land animals. Their brain is nearly the same size as our own, and they live a long time--at least twenty or thirty years. Like some animals, dolphins use sound to help them find their way around. They also make these sounds to talk to each other and to help them find food. We now know they do not use their ears to receive these sounds, but the lower part of the mouth, called the jaw. Strangely, dolphins seem to like man, and for thousands of years there have been stories about the dolphin and its friendship with people. There is a story about sailors in the 19th century. In a dangerous part of the sea off the coast of New Zealand, they learnt to look for a dolphin called Jack. From 1871 to 1903, Jack met every boat in the area and showed it the way. Then in 1903 a passenger on a boat called The Penguin shot and wounded Jack. He recovered and for nine years more continued to guide all ships through the area-except for The Penguin. Today, some people continue to kill dolphins, but many countries of the world now protect them and in these places it is against the law to kill them. Why did the sailors off the coast of New Zealand look for Jack?
|
[
"He was lonely and liked to be with people.",
"They enjoyed playing with him.",
"He was seriously wounded.",
"They wanted his help."
] | 3D
|
college_biology
|
mmlu_labeled
|
With only a click of the mouse,rumors can be forwarded between microblogs very quickly.As an example,recently,sensitive netizens discovered that some photos displayed on microblogs describing Beijing's June rainstorm had actually been fabricated. Sina.com is one of the major Internet portals in China with hundreds and thousands of users,and a majority of celebrities and famous citizens have their microblog accounts on this portal.As recently as six months ago,the website decided to establish a specialized team to prove rumors and provide accurate information for its users.Tan Chao is in charge of the team. "Before I took the job,I usually couldn't identify what information was real and what was fake.But during the process of identification,we discovered that a lot of information was false,including fake photos,fake news stories and rumors that had been spread through microblogs." It's not just website portals which are taking on factchecking responsibilities,but also a number of civicminded netizens,who recently set up a Rumor Identification Federation on Sina.com's microblog system to help netizens identify fake information online. Dian Zizheng is the team leader of the federation.He says they've publicized more than 150 pieces which contradict rumors,which attracted more than 10 thousand visitors within two months. "We live in an age of new media,so we can't use the old methods to prove rumors.We can't wait for the media to prove the facts with related administrative departments and then release a formal announcement.We can't allow rumors to run wild and then deal with it,we need to fight rumors while they're spreading.I think that this is the best way to deal with rumors nowadays." Some experts say this displays the advantages of the Internet compared to other traditional media.The open platform allows information to be examined and clarified by netizens.But experts like Ding Wenguo,President of the Journalism and Communication College at the China University of Political Science and Law says this selfcorrection function of the Internet is still quite limited. "It's still quite difficult to tell which information is true in such an open environment by just reading a number of different opinions on the same issue.This is something which we need to pay attention to.If society is flooded with too much false information,and it's allowed to spread in such a fast manner,then people will be suspicious of all kinds of information including important information from authorities.It also worsens problems relating to social communications and mutualunderstanding,which in turn harms society as a whole." Experts suggest that the government should react more quickly in the Internet age.Once a rumor begins to spread,administrative departments should make announcements as early as possible to drive away rumors before they lead to bad outcomes. Sina.com decided to found a specialized team to _ .
|
[
"prevent the spread of rumors on the Internet",
"advance the development of microblogs",
"limit the number of microblogs",
"urge the government to react quickly to the rumors"
] | 0A
|
computer_security
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Which of the following activities is the best example of instinctive behavior in an animal?
|
[
"A dog sits when told to sit by its owner.",
"A bird avoids an insect that has a bad taste.",
"A newly hatched sea turtle walks toward the ocean.",
"A chimpanzee uses a stick to pull termites from a tree stump."
] | 2C
|
college_biology
|
mmlu_labeled
|
I love online shopping, but for years I did all my shopping offline since I wasn't sure if it is really safe to buy online. In the last few years I started buying almost everything online after I understood that buying online can be safer than buying offline as long as you follow a few safety rules. Check for delivery times--If you need your product on a certain time--you'll have to make sure if the site you are referring to is committed to your schedule. Compare prices before you buy--There are many comparison sites and tools (such as PriceGong) that compare prices--this can save you a lot of money. Don't leave the computer unsupervised while shopping online--You don't want that someone else will touch anything by mistake and will make the purchase. Make sure you can contact the store if something goes wrong--You want to make sure that you will have someone to talk with if something goes wrong. Always print out your order details and confirmation--Just in case that you'd need to contact the site, it is always better to give them detailed information about your order. Make sure you buy from a well-known merchant--or check how others rated this merchant, there are some rubbish sites and you don't want to buy from them. If you use _ --use the merchant ratings, product ratings and product description to know that you are buying the right product at the right store. What would be the best title for the passage?
|
[
"Safe Online Shopping Suggestions",
"Ways of Contacting the Sites",
"Cheaper Online Shopping",
"Rules of Buying the Right Product"
] | 0A
|
computer_security
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Come and see the Indian elephants and new tigers from America. The bears are waiting to meet you, and the monkeys from china are waiting to throw things at you. The lovely dogs from Australia are waiting to laugh at you. The giraffes from Zambia are waiting to look down on you. Tickets Adults :$2.00 Children : Over 12: $1.00 Under12: Free Opening time 9:00 am- 4:00pm(from Saturday to Thursday) 10:00am-3:00pm (Friday) Keep the zoo clean! Don`t touch , give food or go near the animals. Now Mr Smith is in the zoo with his two sons, one aged 14 and the other 10. How much are the tickets together?
|
[
"$4.00",
"$ 2.00",
"$3.00",
"$1.00"
] | 2C
|
elementary_mathematics
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Which drop of honey has a higher temperature?
|
[
"the drop of honey with less thermal energy",
"the drop of honey with more thermal energy"
] | 1B
|
natural science
|
scienceqa
|
What do ice, a rock, and a piece of aluminum have in common?
|
[
"They are all solids.",
"They are all liquids.",
"They are all minerals.",
"They are all elements."
] | 0A
|
natural_science
|
ai2_arc_challenge
|
Sing the Language You're Learning How can you remember a song from your childhood to this day? Why do your teachers use songs to teach you English? It seems there is a scientific reason for this. Researchers are now studying the relationship between music and remembering a foreign language. They find that remembering words in a song is the best way to remember even the most difficult language. "Singing could be a new way of learning a foreign language. The brain likes to remember things when they are used in a _ and meaningful way", said Dr, Karen Ludke. The findings may help those who have difficulties learning foreign languages. On his blog, Dr. Ludke writes, "A listen-and-repeat singing method can support foreign language learning, and opens the door for future research in this area." Many language teachers know the value of using music and singing. Hua Zhuying, a teacher at a Chinese language school in Washington, D.C. depends heavily on songs in teaching Chinese. She says, "I use music all the time to teach children Chinese. For little kids usually we use the music. Not only does it work, but it is fun for kids." "Sometimes, I think if I were taught English that way, maybe I could speak much better English than now," Hua Zhuying adds. Our brain likes music, especially for remembering. So, if you're still struggling in learning a language, why not try singing it out ? From the passage, we know that Hua Zhuying _ .
|
[
"is interested in writing English songs",
"teaches children English by using music",
"teaches Chinese in an American school",
"is a researcher in a language school"
] | 2C
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Every time you go shopping, the vegetables and fruit look so tempting that you wish you could buy all of them. Some people are lucky and can grow the fruit and vegetables in the gardens that they have. While getting fresh vegetables, they can also achieve great cost cutting. Mushrooms are expensive and can also go bad very quickly. Mushrooms can also be grown easily in a dark environment. In fact it's better than growing other vegetables since you really don't need an outdoor space. A special type of soil that is good for growing mushrooms is easily available. Actually mushrooms aren't even vegetables; they are fungi and for this reason, you don't even require sunlight to grow them. Well how does one go about growing mushrooms? You could always Google "growing mushrooms" and you will find a number of mushroom growing kits available online that area effective and not very expensive either. Mushrooms can be added to any dish that you cook. Simply use them in pizzas, salads and anything that you pretty much fancy. Grow mushrooms in your own house and use them whenever you want. Fresh mushrooms are tastier than the ones that are stored in your refrigerator. If you have had a really good crop of mushrooms, then you can even store them. Ideally you should use the white variety of the mushrooms. Simply pick them, slice them and put them on a cookie sheet in a freezer. When they area frozen, just put them in a zip lock and you can use them when you want to. They give a really great taste to the dish that you are making. Thaw them before you use them. You should try growing mushrooms, since it's cost-effective. Furthermore, you can eat the fresh mushrooms any time that you want. What would be the best title for this passage?
|
[
"It is easy and fun to grow mushrooms",
"We should eat more fruit and vegetables",
"Mushrooms online are very expensive",
"Mushrooms--tasty and healthy vegetables"
] | 0A
|
nutrition
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Which scientist studied biology by traveling by ship to different islands observing animal life, and developed a hypothesis about how species change?
|
[
"Galileo Galilei",
"Albert Einstein",
"Charles Darwin",
"Sir Isaac Newton"
] | 2C
|
college_biology
|
mmlu_labeled
|
A switch is used to stop the flow of currents which causes Joule heating in
|
[
"thermostat",
"solar energy",
"magnetic fields",
"electrical circuit."
] | 3D
|
electrical_engineering
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Healthy food is a general term applied to all kinds of food that is considered healthier than the types of food sold in supermarkets. For example, whole grains, dried beans, and corn oil are health food. A narrower classification of healthy food is natural food. This term is used to distinguish between types of the same food. Raw honey is a natural sweetener, while refined sugar is not. Fresh fruit is a natural food, but canned fruit, with sugars and other additives is not. The most exact term of all and the narrowest classification within health food that has been grown on a particular kind of farm. Fruits and vegetable that are grown in gardens, that are treated only with organic fertilizers, that are not sprayed with poisonous insecticides , and that are not refined after harvest, are organic food. Meat, fish, dairy and poultry products from animals that are fed only on organically-grown food and that are not injected with hormones are organic food. In choosing the type of food you eat, then, you have basically two choices: inorganic, processed food, or organic, unprocessed food. A wise decision should include study of the reason why processed food contains chemicals, some of which are proved to be poisonous and that vitamin content is greatly reduced in processed food. Bread is typically used by healthy food supporters as an example of a processed food. First, the seeds from which the grain is grown are treated with a chemical that is extremely harmful. Later, the grain is sprayed with a number of very deadly insecticides. After the grain has been made into flour, it is made white with another chemical that is also poisonous. Next, a dough conditioner is added along with a softener. The conditioner and softener are poisonous, and in fact, the softener has sickened and killed experimental animals. A very poisonous antifungal compound, is added to keep the bread from getting moldy . Other food from the supermarket would show a similar pattern of processing and preserving . You see, we buy our food on the basis of smell, color1 and texture, instead of vitamin content, and manufacturers give us what we want, even if it is poisonous. The alternative? Eat health foods, preferably the organic variety. What happens to food when it is processed? ks5u
|
[
"The basic content remains the same.",
"Vitamin is not available after processing.",
"The vitamin content increases a bit.",
"The vitamin content is greatly reduced."
] | 3D
|
nutrition
|
mmlu_labeled
|
A mom in Australia was told by a doctor that her newborn son was "dead",but she helped bring him back to life by holding the baby against her body. She used a method known as "kangaroo care ".The child,named Jamie,was born after only 27 weeks with his twin sister,Emily,at a hospital in Sydney.Her birth went well,but his was a different story.The doctor struggled for 20 minutes to save him before declaring him dead. "His little arms and legs were just falling down away from his body," Kate Ogg said."I took my coat off and put him on my chest with his head over my arm." She and her husband,David,spoke to the child as she continued to hold him for nearly two hours.During that time,the twopound baby showed signs of life.She said,"I told my mom,who was there,that he was still alive.Then he held out his hand and grabbed my finger." The doctor at first ignored the baby's movements,but when he put the stethoscope to its chest,his mouth fell wide open and he said,"It's my fault.It's a miracle ." "The care helps the baby keep body warmth," Dr Pinchi Srinivasan said."It also regulates heart and breathing rates and is believed to help weight gain and improve sleeping habits.Fathers can also use 'kangaroo care'.The key to the method is skintoskin contact." The practice began in less developed nations.It has become a recognized practice in helping premature _ babies.The technique is good for babies,and is used in many baby care units. When the baby first showed signs of life,the doctor _ .
|
[
"didn't believe a miracle had happened",
"was too shocked to do anything",
"was cheered and tried to save the baby at once",
"was moved by what the mother did to the baby"
] | 0A
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
A scar will develop from a
|
[
"tap",
"slash",
"run",
"walk"
] | 1B
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
The public commonly associates steroid use with big-time athletics. But the drugs may be even more of a menace to teenagers. The synthetic hormones can stunt a young person's growth by prematurely closing the ends of the long bones in the skeleton. That means a 1.7 metre, 15-year-old high school student who uses steroids "might get bigger but won't get any taller", according to a US doctor. Nearly seven percent of boys in the US try steroids before the end of high school, according to a 1988 study by professors Charles Yesalis and William Buckley, of Penn State University. The estimate comes from a poll of 3,400 seniors in 46 public and private schools across the US. "Abusers of Steroids did it to improve their appearance and to excel at sports," Professor Yesalis said. "Parents, teachers and coaches make boys believe that to be an ideal male you need to have these. Then they say: 'you can't play games to have fun; you play games to win.'" "Such attitudes put many high school athletes at high risk of becoming abusers of steroids," said Mike Gimbel, director of Baltimore County Office of substance Abuse. "For these athletes, the pressure to perform is incredible," he said. "It was inevitable that it would seep down to high school level." Why are steroids even more of a threat to teenagers?
|
[
"Because they make teenagers grow too tall.",
"Because they make teenagers get too big.",
"Because they prevent teenagers from getting taller and taller.",
"Because they give teenagers too much pressure."
] | 2C
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
A reflex can protect the body from harm. Which organ systems work together to produce a reflex?
|
[
"nervous and immune systems",
"nervous and muscular systems",
"circulatory and immune systems",
"circulatory and muscular systems"
] | 1B
|
anatomy
|
mmlu_labeled
|
How can you hear your friends' voices when they are far away and you can't make a long--distance call? Besides the web camera system with your computer, we have a new high-tech way to solve the problem and ease your pain of missing them. The Japanese company Combiwith created a system-- . It makes people in pictures speak! The "talking picture" has a special pen. It is actually a pen-shaped scanner. It can scan information in special--made pictures. A connected player will then play the information out loud. First, you need to take a picture and record what you want to say with the company. The company will then make special barcodes onto your picture(you can't see those codes). Those codes are your voice and your words. When you hold up the pen to scan your picture with barcodes, a player connected to the pen will start to play. It plays things you've recorded. That way the invention makes the "you" in the picture speak! Do you want your friends and families talking out of pictures? Have them make pictures like that, and you can hear them whenever you want, only with the "talking picture" system. The system can play messages for up to 12 minutes. "The pictures would be useful for those who hope to hear the voice of someone living far away," said Mayumi Fuji, a spokeswoman for the company. "Grandparents, for example, longing to know about their grandchildren, would be happy to hear their voice when they see the picture," Fuji said. But it is troublesome to go to the company for taking a special picture first. And, it is much more expensive than using a telephone. The photo with barcodes costs between 17,040 and 17,990 yen (160 and 169 dollars). The larger picture you want, the more you pay. Now, just raise a finger, lonely people can have their loved ones speak out of pictures. But, whether the "talking picture" is practical or not, let's wait and see. What does "talking pictures" mean according to this article?
|
[
"The picture can play what's been recorded as if the person in the picture \"talks\".",
"You can have a talk with the person in the picture whenever you want to.",
"The picture can tell you wonderful stories to ease your pain.",
"The picture can tell what's on your mind when you are looking at it."
] | 0A
|
computer_security
|
mmlu_labeled
|
We all enjoy the colors of autumn leaves. Did you ever wonder how and why a fall leaf changes color? Where do the yellows and oranges come from? To answer those questions, we first have to understand what leaves are and what they do. Leaves are nature's food factories. Plants take water from the ground through their roots. They take a gas called carbon dioxide from the air. Plants use sunlight to turn water and carbon dioxide into glucose, which is a kind of sugar. Plants use glucose as food for energy and as a building block for growing. The way plants turn water and carbon dioxide into sugar is called photosynthesis, which means " putting together with light. " A chemical called chlorophyll helps make photosynthesis happen. Chlorophyll is what gives plants their green color. As summer ends and autumn comes, the days get shorter and shorter. This is how the trees "know" to begin getting ready for winter. During winter, there is not enough light or water for photosynthesis. The trees will rest, and live off the food they stored during summer. They begin to shut down their food-making factories. The green chlorophyll disappears from the leaves. As the bright green fades away, we begin to see yellow and orange colors. Small a-mounts of these colors have been in the leaves all along. Covered up by the green chlorophyll, we just can't see them in summer. The bright reds and purples we see in leaves are made mostly in the fall. In some trees, like maples, glucose is trapped in the leaves after photosynthesis stops. Sunlight and the cool nights of autumn cause the leaves turn this glucose into a red color. The brown color of trees like oaks is made from wastes left in the leaves. It is the combination of all these things that make the beautiful colors we enjoy in the fall. The writer asked two questions in the beginning in order to_.
|
[
"persuade readers to believe something",
"introduce the topic of the passage",
"get the readers excited",
"offer something to think over"
] | 1B
|
college_biology
|
mmlu_labeled
|
What is the mass of a cement truck?
|
[
"20 tons",
"20 pounds",
"20 ounces"
] | 0A
|
natural science
|
scienceqa
|
Let us say there is something you don't know how to do. In the past if you were determined to learn, you might have called friends or s, taken a night class or walked down to the local library for a research term. But now a host of websites are springing up to provide free practical advice on these subjects and actually anything else you can think of. In one sense, these" how - to" sites represent a part of the growing world of online learning. These FAQs(Frequent Answers and Questions), many of which still circulate(go round continuously), took a special subject and explained it to complete _ . But, "how - to" sites take the FAQ idea in a somewhat different direction by addressing subjects that aren't necessarily associated with discussion forums .These sites take the style of a written tutorial and a tone of friendly advice. Possibly the biggest and best known of these sites is learn 2.com(www. learn2. com)It offers nearly 1, 000 free tutorials and adds new ones frequently for a job interview. At ehow. com(www. ehow.)you can learn how to train for your first marathon, how to buy a vacation home, or how to make a movie in eight steps. If you have no tent when you decide to go camping, you may _ .
|
[
"visit www.learn2. com",
"visit www. ehow. com",
"visit some site else",
"go to the tourist company"
] | 1B
|
computer_security
|
mmlu_labeled
|
One hot night last August, I tried everything I could think of -- toys, songs etc. to make him fall into sleep, but he just couldn't do it. Since I believed that a long night was waiting for me ahead, I had no choice but to bring a TV into his room to kill off the hours until dawn. I was surprised that the moment I turned on the TV the baby became quiet right away and fixed his little eyes brightly on the screen. Not willing to waste an opportunity for sleep, I then tiptoed out of the room, leaving him to watch the boring TV programs. I heard no more of the baby's crying that night and the next morning when I went into his room, I found him still watching TV by himself. I found there was a metaphor in my baby's behavior for the new generation. When I gave my boy some books to go over, he only spit upon them; when I read to him, he did not feel comfortable. And so it is in the schools with my students. I find that our students don't read and they look down upon reading and make light of those of us who teach it. All they want to do is watch TV. After this experience with the baby, however, I have drawn a conclusion: "Let them watch it!" If television is that much more attractive to children than books, why should we fight against it? Let them watch what they want! The baby seemed to be _ at the sight of the TV set.
|
[
"excited",
"surprised",
"bored",
"pleased"
] | 0A
|
human_sexuality
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Have you ever been stuck for hours on a hard math problem? If you sat there for some time you might eventually solve it, but scientists say that daydreaming might be a much better way to tackle difficult tasks. In fact, daydreaming has long been misunderstood. It's considered to be a bad thing and often associated with laziness. "We're harsh on ourselves if we catch ourselves mind wandering," says Professor Kalina Christoff from the University of British Columbia in Canada. But the truth is that some of the most important scientific discoveries came about because scientists allowed their minds to wander. For example, Albert Einstein began his theory of relativity when he daydreamed about riding a beam of sunlight to the edge of the universe. And now, research has shown that normal people can also improve their problems solving ability in the same way, reported The Telegraph. In a study, 145 people aged between 19 and 32 were asked to list as many unusual uses as possible for everyday objects. Some of them were given a 12-minute break while the others were not allowed any break from the task. People on the break did not simply relax--some of them were told to carry out a tiring memory task while others did an easier task. Scientists found that people who did the easier task were daydreaming a lot. They thought about personal issues in the past or in the future because their mind was at ease. After the break, all participants were asked to return once again to the task of listing unusual uses for everyday objects. It was found that daydreamers improved their performance by 40 percent, while all the other people, including those who didn't have a break and who did tiring tasks during the break, performed the same as before. "People think that when the mind wanders away, it just gets turned off--but we show the opposite," explained Christoff."A more playful attitude might allow you to call in more resources ." So when you are struggling to solve complicated problems, it might be better off if you switch to a simpler task and let your mind wander for a while, she suggested. According to Christoff, people typically spend one-third of their waking time daydreaming. "It's a big part of our lives, but it's been largely ignored by science." . It was believed that daydreaming _ .
|
[
"had something to do with imagination",
"had been misunderstood for a long time",
"was a waste of time when the mind was shut off",
"was a good way to relax and solve problems"
] | 2C
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Based on this information, what is Bolt's phenotype for the coat pattern trait?
|
[
"solid coloring",
"AA"
] | 0A
|
natural science
|
scienceqa
|
I need electrical energy to
|
[
"Go running",
"cook some bread",
"Ride a bike",
"Go swimming"
] | 1B
|
electrical_engineering
|
mmlu_labeled
|
A rabbit population has increased noticeably in the past ten years. Which of the following is a reasonable hypothesis for this population growth?
|
[
"Competition for food has increased among rabbits.",
"The rabbit's main predator has been eliminated by human development.",
"Abnormal weather conditions have decreased water levels of the local ponds.",
"An organism that relies on similar food sources has migrated into the area."
] | 1B
|
natural_science
|
ai2_arc_challenge
|
Which are you more likely to have with you at any given moment-your cell phone or your wallet? Soon you may be able to throw your wallet away and pay for things with a quick wave of your smart phone over an electronic scanner. In January, Starbucks announced that customers could start using their phones to buy coffee in 6,800 of its stores. This is the first pay-by-phone practice in the U.S., but we're likely to see more wireless payment alternatives as something called near field communication (NFC) gets into America's consumer electronics. Last December, some new smart phones which contain an NFC chip were introduced to the public. Already in use in parts of Asia and Europe, NFC allows shoppers to wave their phones a few inches above a payment terminal - a contact- free system built for speed and convenience. But before NFC becomes widely adopted in the U.S., a few problems need to be worked out, like who will get to collect the profitable transaction fees. Although some credit card providers have been experimenting with wave-and- pay systems that use NFC-enabled credit cards, cell phone service providers may try to muscle their way into the point-of-sale(POS)market. Three big cell phone service providers have formed a joint venture that will go into operation over the next 15 months. Its goal is "to lead the U.S. payments industry from cards to mobile phone." The other big NFC issue, apart from how payments will be processed, is security. For instance, what's to stop a thief from digitally pick-pocketing you? "We're still not at the point where an attacker can just brush against you in a crowd and steal all the money out of your phone," says Jimmy Shah. A mobile- security researcher, "Users may also be able to set transaction limits, perhaps requiring a password to be entered for larger purchases." Still uneasy about this digital-wallet business? Keep in mind that if you lose your smart phone, it can be located on a map and remotely disabled. Plus, your phone can be password protected. Your wallet isn't. According to the passage, what can users do if they lose their smart phones?
|
[
"Stop the functioning of their phones.",
"Set up a password.",
"Get all the money out of their phones.",
"Report it to the bank."
] | 0A
|
computer_security
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Which object has more thermal energy?
|
[
"a cherry pie at a temperature of 90°F",
"a cherry pie at a temperature of 85°F"
] | 0A
|
natural science
|
scienceqa
|
After suffering through many months of unemployment . my wife and I moved this week from Colorado to Ohio. where she was starting a new job. Not knowing anybody there. we were pretty concerned about how we'd get our entire home unloaded without killing ourselves. We made a phone call to hire a couple of college students to help with all the heavy lifting once we got there. But one neighbor after another stopped by to help us. _ Unloading actually became fun and joy because there were so many wonderful new friends to help when we worked. The more people helped. the easier the work became. We were afraid the job might take days for the two of us alone. but it was finished in a few hours. Many total strangers would either walk by the sidewalk or drive by to ask us if we were moving in. Many were happy that this old house that had sat empty for so long was coming to life again. We were invited to an outdoor meal yesterday by neighbors on the same street. All the time. my brain was resting on this new sense of hope that people can be so friendly to strangers. Among all the conversation were lots of offers to help each other in all kinds of ways. It's wonderful to live in such a kind little town. I feel so grateful to be here. and wish the rest of the world could see how an entire community can model what it's like to help each other. It can be inferred from the passage that _ .
|
[
"we don't know what is good until we have lost it",
"kindness is the sunshine of social life",
"where there is a will. there is a way",
"there is no place like home"
] | 1B
|
human_sexuality
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Fire fighting is a serous matter, knowing what to do during a fire can save people's lives. It is important to know the ways you can use and show them to everyone else in the family, such as stairways and emergency exits, but not elevators. From the lower floors of building, escape through windows is possible. Learn the best way to get out from a window with the least chance of serious injury. The second floor window is usually not very high from the ground. An average person, hanging by the fingertips will have a drop of about 6 feet to the ground. It is about twice the height of an average man. Of course, it is safer to jump a short way down than to stay in a burning building. Windows are also useful when you are waiting for help. Be sure to keep the door closed before opening the window. Otherwise, smoke and fire may be drawn into the room. Keep your head low at the window to be sure you get fresh air rather than smoke that may have leaked into the room. On the second or third floor, the best windows for escape are those which open onto a roof. From the roof a person can drop to the ground more safely. Dropping onto cement might end in injury. Bushes and trees can help you to have a soft landing. How far from the ground is the second floor window?
|
[
"about 12 feet",
"about 6 feet",
"about the height of an average man",
"nearly 10 feet"
] | 0A
|
computer_security
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Dad was lying in the hospital weakly, but his smile was as sure as ever . It was another attack of lung illness. My husband and I stayed with him for the weekend but had to return to our jobs on Monday. Local relatives would help Dad get home from hospital and look after him. But I longed to be able to let him know that we cared about him too, even when we weren't with him. Then I remembered a family tradition when our children were small. When leaving our grandparents' home after a visit, each child would write a love note to their grandparents. We hid notes in a box, under a hairbrush or next to the phone or even in the microwave oven. For days, our grandparents would smile as they discovered these reminders of our love. So as I tidied Dad's kitchen and made up a bed for him downstairs in the living room, I wrote some notes. Some were practical, "Dad, I put the food in the fridge so it wouldn't spoil". Some expressed my love, "Dad, I hope you will sleep well in your new bed." Most notes were downstairs where he would stay for several weeks until he recovered strength, but one note I hid upstairs under his pillow, "Dad, if you have found this note, you must be feeling better. We are so glad!" Just like his medicine strengthened him physically, these "emotional vitamins" would improve his spiritual health. Several weeks later, in one of our regular phone calls, I asked Dad how he was doing. He said, "Pretty good. I just found your note under my pillow upstairs!" We can infer from the text that the writer's father _ .
|
[
"had suffered from the same illness before.",
"lived with his relatives",
"asked her to return to work",
"got home from hospital alone"
] | 0A
|
human_sexuality
|
mmlu_labeled
|
A student flips a coin four times. It lands "heads" up three times. The student concludes that the coin will land "heads" up three times out of four. What will make the conclusion more accurate?
|
[
"substituting a different coin",
"flipping the coin twenty more times",
"taping a weight to one side of the coin",
"flipping the coin over a smoother surface"
] | 1B
|
high_school_statistics
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Coffee is one of the world's most widely-enjoyed drinks. Now, a new research suggests that if you drink enough coffee, it might help you avoid certain kinds of cancer. Dr. Mia Hashibe of the University of Utah School of Medicine was interested in the connection between coffee drinking and certain cancers of the head and neck. Researchers have looked into this before, but without reaching any firm conclusions. She said, "So this finding from our new study was quite a surprise. We didn't really have any expectation of which direction it could go into." To sort out the confusion, Hashibe and her assistants used statistical ( ) techniques to, in effect, make one big study out of the earlier smaller studies. She explained, "Thanks to the earlier studies, we have a lot more power than earlier studies that looked at this. And we included 4,000 cancer patients who have cancer of the mouth and throat. And then 9,000 controls, people who do not have cancer. ' Those studies--in Europe and the United States--found that people who drank a lot of coffee were less likely to develop cancers of the mouth and throat. "We saw a protective effect for drinking more than 4 cups of coffee per day," Hashibe said. "This was the 40 percent decrease in risk. We did not see the same effect for drinking three cups or less per day." Mia Hashibe said there was a weak connection between cancer risk and drinking coffee without caffeine. And she and her assistants found no proof that drinking tea provided the same protection as drinking Coffee. Their research is published in the journal Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers & Prevention. Hashibe says it is not clear how coffee might protect drinkers from certain cancers. "There are a few chemicals that are known to be antioxidants in coffee. So we are thinking perhaps they are playing some sort of protective role against several cancers." Which of the following might have something to do with the protection against mouth cancer?
|
[
"Coffee without chemicals.",
"Coffee without caffeine.",
"Four cups of tea a day.",
"Antioxidants in coffee."
] | 3D
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
To determine the boiling point of a liquid, a student must use all of these tools except
|
[
"a stopwatch.",
"a heat source.",
"safety goggles.",
"a thermometer."
] | 0A
|
high_school_chemistry
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Air traffic controllers in the US have been advised to take 26-minute naps , after a series of accidents involving workers falling asleep. Now the National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB) is calling for "controlled naps" during nightshifts . NTSB member Mark Rosekind said that a 26-minute nap would improve performance by 34%. He believes that beyond the aviation industry, other professions, such as motoring and machinery, also carry obvious risks. But other experts doubt whether 26 minutes is the appropriate napping time. It's a bit too long and risks you falling into a deep sleep, says Jim Horne, director of the Sleep Research Council. He said, "A nap of about 15 minutes is best; once you get beyond 20 minutes, you risk a deep sleep and you can be much more tired when you wake up. Therefore, we suggest that a nap be combined with a cup of coffee so that you can enjoy an effective sleep before the caffeine takes effect in 20 minutes. However, this method only works on those who have had a poor night's sleep. If you haven't had a sleep the night before, this method won't be enough to make you fresh." Health writer, Linda Wasmer Andrews, also believes that 26 minutes is too long. She says a nap between 10 and 20 minutes is enough, and the timing of the nap is also important. Putting your head down too early means your body may not be ready to sleep yet, but a nap that is too late in a day might make it harder to fall asleep. Early afternoon is often the best time, between l pm to 3pm, when people experience a post-lunch decrease in energy. According to Linda Wasmer Andrews, _ .
|
[
"2 pm is an appropriate napping time",
"people's energy will increase after lunch",
"your body is ready to sleep at late time in the day",
"a late nap may lead to sleep problems during the night"
] | 0A
|
nutrition
|
mmlu_labeled
|
The year is 2094,It has been announced that a comet is heading towards the Earth.Most of it will miss our planet, but two pieces will probably hit the southern half of the Earth. On 17 July, a piece four kilometers wide enters the Earth's atmosphere with a massive explosion.About half of the piece is destoryed but the remaining part hits the South Atlantic at 200times the speed of sound.The sea boils and a huge gole is made in the sea bed.Huge waves are created and spread outwards form the hole.The eall of water,a kilometer high,rushes towards southern Africa at 800 kilometers an hour.Cities on the African coast are totally destroyed and millions of people are drowned. Before the waves reach South America.the second piece of the comet lands in Argentina.Earthquakes and volcanoes are set off in the Andes Moutains.The shock waves move north into California and all around the Pacific Ocean. The cities of Los Angeles,San Francisco and Tokyo are completely destroyed by earthquakes,Millions of people in the southern half of the earth are already dead,but the north won't eacape for long.Because of the explosions the sun is hidden by clouds of dust,and temperatures around the world fall to almost zero.Crops are ruined.The sun won't be seen again for many years.Wars break out as countries fight for food.A year later,no more than 10 million remain laive. Could it really happen?In fact,it has already happened more than once in the history of the Earth.The dinesaurs were on the Earth for over 160 million years,Then 65 million years ago they suddenly disappeared.Many scientists believe that the Earth was hit by a piece of object in space. The dinosaurs couldn't live through the cold climate that followed and they died out .Will we meet the same end ? By giving the example if dinosaurs,the author tries to prove _ .
|
[
"animals could not live in the cold climate.",
"what happened 65 mollion years ago was an invented story.",
"the human beings will die out in 2094",
"the Earth could be hit by other objects in space"
] | 3D
|
astronomy
|
mmlu_labeled
|
We usually have three meals. We have breakfast, lunch and supper. We often have more time for lunch and supper, and we eat a big lunch or supper. But a good breakfast is very important . It's easy for you to understand it. You don't eat anything for about twelve hours from the last supper. One good breakfast should be rice or bread, an egg and milk. On a cold morning a cup of hot drink is necessary . Get up a little early and you can have enough time to eat breakfast. A good breakfast helps you to study well. It helps you to work well and play happily. You will be fun for a day after you enjoy a good breakfast. We don't have anything for _ before breakfast.
|
[
"a day",
"a night",
"about twenty hours",
"about four hours"
] | 1B
|
nutrition
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Mr Smith likes to be exact . One day when he is walking in the street ,a woman comes and asks him, "Excuse me, where's the nearest bookshop?" "The nearest bookshop? You have to cross a bridge and then turn to the right. When you see a post office, turn left. You can see a shop between a bank and a school on your right." "Is it far?" "No, it is not far. You can go there on foot." "Is the bridge long?" "Yes, it's about thirty metres." The woman thanks him and goes towards(, ) the bridge. Suddenly she hears someone running after her."Stop!" Mr Smith shouts."I'm sorry. I just remember the bridge is forty metres long. If you go thirty metres and then turn to the right as I told you, you will fall into the river." The bridge is _ long.
|
[
"10m",
"20m",
"30m",
"40m"
] | 3D
|
elementary_mathematics
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Which absorbs more sunlight?
|
[
"palm frond",
"a mirror",
"maple syrup",
"Wednesday"
] | 0A
|
high_school_physics
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Which object has less thermal energy?
|
[
"a 5-kilogram block of steel at a temperature of 155°C",
"a 5-kilogram block of steel at a temperature of 175°C"
] | 0A
|
natural science
|
scienceqa
|
A Concussion happens when the brain is shaken, often in a car crash or a fall or a strike on; the head in sports.Concussions can be mild, but doctors may order a CT scan to look for a more serious injury.But a recent study warned that more children than necessary are being exposed to radiation this way. A national team led by two doctors at the University of California, Davis, studied hospital records from thousands of children with head injuries. They found that in many cases, the risk of developing cancer from the radiation outweighed the risk of a serious brain injury. The study found that one in five children over age two had a low risk of serious injury but received CT scans anyway. The same was true of almost one in four children under two years of age. The researchers have developed rules to predict if a head injury is serious enough for a scan. For children under two, doctors are advised against it if there is: *Normal mental activity. *No swelling in the back of the head. *No feeling of a broken bone in the skull. *And no loss of consciousness for more than five seconds. Doctors should also consider how the child was injured and whether the parents say the child is acting normally. For patients from two to eighteen, the guidelines are similar ---- except there should be no l vomiting and no severe headache. Earlier this year, the British Journal of Sports Medicine published new guidelines for concussions in children and teens. International experts said they should not return to sports or school until fully recovered. The brain also needs a "cognitive rest," they say, by restricting activities like video games, texting and watching TV. It often take longer than adults to recover from a concussion than adults. The experts say individual progress and not a set time period should always guide a decision to return to play. The researchers at the -University of California found that children who received CT scans
|
[
"were likely to suffer brain injuries",
"wouldn't have normal mental activity",
"would lose consciousness now and then",
"were likely to develop canter"
] | 3D
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Across the United States, universities and colleges have been looking to become more sustainable and more than 600 schools have already planned to become eco-friendly. The EcoDorm, home to 36 students at Warren Wilson College in Swannanoa, was designed to be sustainable from top to bottom, or in this case, from its rainwater-collection system to its garden. The dormitory is bringing new meaning to the concept of living "green" at college. At Warren Wilson College, a biological science school with fewer than 1,000 students, the sustainability drive came from the student body. The EcoDorm concept was presented ten years ago by two students; a planning committee firstly suggested using building materials like corncob. Although the architects disagreed with the idea, they came up with other creative solutions: Wood siding was taken from the trees grown in the school yard that were suffering from a disease, and rainwater was collected in an old railway car and pumped back into the house to clean the toilets. All in all, the dorm uses nearly two-thirds less electricity than a similar-sized traditional building world. But even the most sustainable homes need continued efforts from its livers. And in the case of EcoDorm, students live by their words. Most also take advantage of the dorm's bio-garden, planting and harvesting fruits and vegetables. "I didn't have to worry about paper towels being wasted or feel bad about drying my clothes outside," Jeremy Lekich, the dorm's gardener, said. "Basically, it has made my life easier." What can be inferred from the text?
|
[
"A long-term development calls for students' efforts.",
"Students' ideas should be encouraged at college.",
"Green living is a new trend at American colleges.",
"Students can learn to protect the environment through practice."
] | 2C
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
I am a mother of two children. Like many other parents, I worry that my children watch too much TV. Why? First, there are lots of bad programmes on TV. They may learn from them. Second, watching too much TV is bad for their eyes. Many students wear glasses because they watch TV for long hours. Third, watching too much TV makes children think little . I think it is very important for children to read some books. Reading books makes children think more. When I tell this to my children, they just don't listen to me. So I decide to sell the television set. Maybe it is a good idea. Why do many students wear glasses according to the passage ?
|
[
"Because they study too hard.",
"Because they read many books.",
"Because they watch too much TV.",
"Because they have a pair of glasses."
] | 2C
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Which body of water has the fewest plants and animals living in it?
|
[
"ocean",
"stream",
"glacier",
"estuary"
] | 2C
|
natural_science
|
ai2_arc_challenge
|
Almost everyone is afraid of something --- snakes, heights, public speaking and so on. It is normal and can even be helpful to experience fear sometimes. In dangerous situations, fear can keep our bodies alert so that we can act quickly to protect ourselves. But for some people, fear develops into a "phobia", which is a strong and unreasonable fear of something. For example, the majority of us feel a little scared when looking down from a tall building. But people with height phobia may have trouble breathing, feel dizzy or turn down a great job just because the company is on the 20th floor. Phobias can prevent you from living a normal life. "People with spider phobia would stay out of their home or dormitory room for days if they thought a spider was present," Katherina Hauner, a researcher at Northwestern University, US, told ABC news. This is why scientists have been trying to find a cure for this disease. Since fear comes from experience --- from what we are told, what we see others experience and what happens to us --- some scientists think if they can "rewrite" these unpleasant memories, they might be able to help people overcome their phobias. In a study by Hauner and other scientists, participants with spider phobia were asked to first touch a spider with a paintbrush. Seeing that it was not actually dangerous, they then tried touching it while wearing a glove. Finally, they could hold it with their hands. Certain medicine has also been found to be helpful. Back in 2010, researchers at the University of Hiroshima, Japan, injected a special medicine into a fish --- who was afraid of light --- to turn off the fear center in its brain. From then on, the fish no longer feared light. While the search for solutions to phobias is making great progress, it's an open question whether getting rid of fear is good. Some people want to use these methods to make soldiers fight harder in wars by taking away their sense of fear. Dave Smithson of the charity Anxiety UK thinks that's a bad idea. "It's fear that prevents us from doing crazy things," he says. "There's a name for people who don't have fear of consequences: psychopaths . The main point of the article is to _ .
|
[
"show us what kind of role fear plays in our lives",
"discuss if it is good to try to get rid of fear",
"inform us of fear and phobia",
"discuss scientific studies related to fear"
] | 2C
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
As a nation we are becoming more aware of the food we and our children are eating.The recent campaign to improve school dinners by celebrity chef Jamie Oliver has helped raise awareness of our fast food lifestyles.While we may be trying to eat more healthily,it seems we still have some bad habits. *Healthy eaters or just trendy? Are there certain things that you do and don't eat and why?With so many food programmes and books telling you what you should and shouldn't eat to be healthy,it's hard to make choices. Some people are vegetarians for moral reasons,some don't like the taste of meat and there are one or two people who do it because it's trendy.Likewise,it can be trendy to follow the latest celebrity's diet because it's what the famous are doing. *Eating out People are eating out more often now,not just on special occasions as in the past.The choice of restaurants has also _ .Italian,Chinese and Indian restaurants have been around for years but have now been joined by Mongolian,Japanese,Mexican and so on.Bars and pubs are still popular for food and often promote English cuisine made with local produce. "We enjoy eating out a couple of times every month whether with friends or just as a couple.We like trying new things so we go to different restaurants." said Craig,25,County Durham. *Eating on the go From chocolate bars to sandwiches more people are eating on the go--on the street,in cars or on buses and trains.While our parents and grandparents may frown at this behaviour,considering it to be bad manners,people eat on the go because they are rushing from one place to another.And in the home the number of people sitting down at a dining table for their evening meal is on the decrease as meal times become more informal. "If I'm running late for work I don't think twice about eating toast in the car or on the bus but I know my mum wouldn't approve," said Stacey,24. What can we infer from the text?
|
[
"Our parents think highly of the eating habits mentioned in the text.",
"We should get rid of the bad habits and try to be healthier.",
"Japanese restaurants have been around for years.",
"It's good for people to eat out more frequently."
] | 1B
|
nutrition
|
mmlu_labeled
|
If L is a language accepted by some automaton M, which of the following is (are) true?
I. If M is a nondeterministic finite automaton, then L is accepted by some deterministic finite automaton.
II. If M is a deterministic pushdown automaton, then L is accepted by some nondeterministic pushdown automaton.
III. If M is a nondeterministic pushdown automaton, then L is accepted by some deterministic Turing machine.
|
[
"III only",
"I and II only",
"II and III only",
"I, II, and III"
] | 3D
|
college_computer_science
|
mmlu
|
It's three thirty in the afternoon at Raynham Primary School in London. Students are ready for their after-school math lesson. Thousands of kilometers away, their math tutors are also arriving for class. Each pupil gets an online tutor. The students work on their computer screen and wear a headset to talk to their tutor. Their classroom teacher, Altus, says he has seen an improvement in results. Nine-year-old Samia says she enjoys the online lessons. She said, "It helps me because sometimes when we're doing it in class, I don't hear the teacher very much and I don't understand, but online is better." Tom Hooper started the company. It provides the online tutoring. The company is called Bright Spark Education. Children today feel very confident online, so they enjoy their learning. Online tutoring costs between twenty and twenty-five dollars an hour. An online tutor is about half the cost of traditional face-to-face tutoring. Bright Spark Education says the online tutoring is used only as an addition to the regular teaching. The company says its service doesn't _ the teachers' jobs in Britain. Some parents say they are pleased with the results. But some students still hate math. Even with the latest technology to teach it, math is still not everyone's favorite subject. Why does Samia like to learn online? _
|
[
"Because the tutor is only for her.",
"Because she likes playing on the screen.",
"Because it's cool.",
"Because she can hear the tutor clearly."
] | 3D
|
college_computer_science
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Which of the following is an example of a physical change but not a chemical change?
|
[
"A log gives off heat and light as it burns.",
"A tree stores energy from the Sun in its fruit.",
"A penny lost in the grass slowly changes color.",
"A water pipe freezes and cracks on a cold night."
] | 3D
|
high_school_chemistry
|
mmlu_labeled
|
For most seventh graders,life doesn't get much harder than a history test.But for Grant Reed of Bellville,Ohio,it's his own current events that are so painful."Honestly,I don't want to die,"Grant says.Last year,doctors at Nationwide Children's Hospital in Columbus found a tumor in Grant's brain.They cut it out,but the surgery left him with stroke--like symptoms.Plus,he had to go through months of radiation and chemotherapy to try to stop the spread of the disease. Yet,through it all,Grant has shown remarkable determination,which he owes, partly,to Ohio State football.His parents,Troy and Denise,were both in the OSU marching band and fell in love during halftime of the Michigan game.His cat is named after the team Buckeye.His wardrobe is painted scarlet(the color1 of the team's sportswear).The point is,almost nothing mattered more to Grant than Ohio State football-until he got sick,of course. ''I didn't like the word cancer,"Grant says.So he decided not to use the word.Instead,the kid named his cancer Michigan and insisted everyone in his life refer to it as such,because Ohio State always beats Michigan.That was something he could understand and make it into a competition.He was going to beat this disease. It's now been more than a year since Grant issued that announcement."And if you look at his scans,"Dr.Randal Olshefski at Nationwide Children's says,"There's nothing there.There's a big space,but there's no tumor.'' "Grant is beating Michigan.And although much of it has to go to science,don't discount the semantics .You have to do something to make it a disease you can fight.And for Grant,that was naming it Michigan."his parents say. This weekend,Ohio State and Michigan will be battling like their lives depend on it.But in this house,the Reed family will be watching with a calm insight:it's just a game. By saying that it's just a game,we can infer that the Reed family_.
|
[
"has lost interest in the match between Ohio State and Michigan",
"believes Michigan will surely beat Ohio State this weekend",
"has a better understanding of life",
"views the match as a matter of life and death"
] | 2C
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
The following are features of Alzheimer's disease except:
|
[
"short-term memory loss.",
"confusion.",
"poor attention.",
"drowsiness."
] | 3D
|
clinical_knowledge
|
mmlu
|
Yamilette Colon was close to leaving a school. "I'm not even going to lie to you, and I was bad, '' said Colon, who admitted she had a gift for attracting trouble. Three years later, though, Colon, now 18, is a school honor student on track for a May diploma, spurred in part by a sense of self-pride, but also, she says, by the economic disaster that has closed plants, deprived of jobs and dimmed the future for many young people in this depressed county. "It's a huge factor," Colon said, "What it comes down to is, the longer you stay in school, the more education you will get, and the more money you will make." That's a big shift in attitude in a community where 24 percent of adults older than 25 have not a high school education, where only 66 percent of students graduate from high school in four years, and where generations of kids dropped out because it was always easy to find a suitable job. But across the country, education leaders say they're seeing what may be one bright spot in the discouraging downturn: more students choose to stay in or return to school. "I'm hearing kids clinging to their education as the economy gets worse,'' said Clyde Riley, principal at the Tipton Street Center alternative school, where Colon is one of 240 students in a district that serves some 13,500. Here and elsewhere, long waiting lists for adult education and GED (General Education Development) classes, enrollments at community colleges and, perhaps, a surge in returns by high school dropouts and a decline in those who leave in the first place, may all point to a renewed focus on education, experts say. "If there's anything good coming out of this recession, it's to make educational lemonade out of these lemons." said Bob Wise, who now heads a national policy group. Why did Colon become an honor student?
|
[
"Because she had a gift for academic learning.",
"Because she intended to change the economic situation.",
"Because she showed anxiety for her future.",
"Because she was often asked to stay after school."
] | 2C
|
high_school_macroeconomics
|
mmlu_labeled
|
An experimental treatment that causes AIDS patients to develop a dangerously high fever has shown promise as a way of prolonging and improving the patients' life.Called the Biologic-HT System, the new treatment lets doctors extract the blood of a patient and heat it before circulating it back into the body. The heated blood causes the patient's body temperature to rise above 42 degrees Celsius. In people with AIDS, that increase in temperature kills some heat-sensitive HIV, the virus, most doctors say, causes AIDS. Heating the blood of AIDS patients has been tried before, say doctors. But during previous attempts, the treatment induced deadly chemical changes in the blood. The Biologic-HT System prevents those changes from happening, allowing the heat to kill viruses with few ill side effects. The new heat treatment cannot be considered a cure for Aids, says president of the company that makes the system. He says the treatment doesn't kill all traces of the virus. However, it kills enough virus particles to give a patient's immune system a reprieve in its deadly duel with HIV. Tests of the Biologic-HT treatment began on 36 patients earlier this year. The treatment takes about four hours, and the patient normally feels well enough to leave the hospital or clinic the following morning. So far, the patients who have had the treatment say they feel better and have developed no new opportunistic infections--disease that strike people with damaged immune systems. The patients also have experienced about a 50 percent increase in the number of T cells in their bodies. T cells are key disease-fighting cells of the immune system and the main target of HIV. This passage is mainly concerned with _ .
|
[
"a way for treating AIDS",
"a heat-sensitive virus",
"the immune system of the human body",
"the function of high temperature"
] | 0A
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Five years ago, my mother gave birth to a brother for me when I was 8. I have learned a lot from getting along with him. After he was born, I almost became a babysitter. I had to _ him after school. I would make faces and sing to him when he was crying. Sometimes I even carried him everywhere in our yard to refresh him while my parents were busy. What I liked to do best was to feed him when looking after him. How cute he was as he tasted his favorite food!My parents often praised me happily. As an elder brother, you've made contributions to looking after your younger brother. " I have got happiness from sharing. When I was young, I was the only child in my family. I could get what I wanted from my parents and get my parents' whole love. I was a" Little Emperor". But now, as long as I get something good, I will share it with him. I remembered the year when he was three, he was fond of Rubik cubes I bought one for him with my lucky money as a birthday present. When he got the toy, he was so happy that he laughed, hugged me and said, " Brother, I love you ! " Thanks for spending these years together with my family. It has taught me what responsibility means, what unselfishness means and what friendship means. Not only should I look after myself, but also I should pay attention to my family and my friends. Before his younger brother was born, the writer.
|
[
"was a babysitter in his family",
"was a \"Little Emperor\"in his family",
"cooked for his family",
"bought a Rubik cube for himself"
] | 1B
|
human_sexuality
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Which statement about photosynthesis and respiration is true?
|
[
"Photosynthesis stores energy and respiration releases energy.",
"Respiration stores energy and photosynthesis releases energy.",
"Photosynthesis and respiration are the same process.",
"Photosynthesis and respiration do not have anything to do with energy."
] | 0A
|
college_biology
|
mmlu_labeled
|
If you're looking for a fairly painless way to lose weight, researchers at Brigham Young University have a new solution for you: Put yourself on a regular sleep schedule. People who keep a regular sleep routine have a lower body fat than those who keep irregular sleep hours, says a new study. Led by Bruce Bailey, professor of exercise science, researchers followed 300 female college students aged 19 to 26, who were given activity trackers to watch their movements and activities, including waking and sleeping times . Researchers also measured their body composition before and after the one-week study period. What the researchers found: Body fat varied with sleep quantity. Women who slept between 8 and 8.5 hours a night had the lowest body fat. While those who slept less than 7 hours or over 9 hours had higher body fat. High quality sleep was associated with lower body fat while poor sleep was connected with higher body fat. Waking and going to sleep at the same time every day was most strongly linked with lower body fat. The difference in body weight was greater with more variation in sleep pattern. Women whose sleep patterns varied by 90 minutes a night had higher body fat than those whose sleep patterns varied by 60 minutes or less on average. The study followed up on a body of research conducted over the last few years that ties quality and quantity of sleep to weight loss and better weight control. While researchers don't know exactly how sleep schedules affect body weight and fat, other studies have shown that sleep has an effect on physical activity, appetite , and the hormones that control metabolism , and the signals that tell us we're full. Which of the following about the study led by Bruce Bailey is true?
|
[
"The participants included both females and males.",
"The participants' activities were monitored through trackers.",
"The participants' body composition were measured only after the study.",
"The study was controlled by researchers during a long period time."
] | 1B
|
nutrition
|
mmlu_labeled
|
A thermal conductor is made of
|
[
"often metallic",
"types of rubber",
"types of branches",
"electrodes"
] | 0A
|
high_school_physics
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Anne LaBastille was born in New York City and grew up in New Jersey. Her first experience with the wilderness was in the Adirondacks in the northeast of New York, where she worked at a summer resort to earn money for college tuition by caring for the horses, giving riding lessons, and working as a waitress. And she had many chances to begin her adventure in the Adirondack wilderness. Anne returned to school in the fall, but she continued to spend as much time as she could in the Adirondacks. She grew to love her time alone in the mountains. Anne graduated from college with a bachelor's degree in conservation of natural resources and began working for the National Audubon Society in Florida as a wildlife tour leader. Although Anne took great pleasure in showing people the animals living in the Florida Keys and the Everglades National Park, she longed for the mountains in the northern parts of New York. Finally she decided to build a cabin near Black Bear Lake. Over the years, however, more and more tourists began hiking near her cabin. As a result, Anne decided to build another cabin deeper in the woods at Lily Pad Lake. Anne lived in the woods for most of her life. She enjoyed living alone in the woods, and her life was far too busy for her to be lonely. When she was not writing books, she wrote articles for National Geographic, Reader's Digest, and other magazines. In her later years, Anne conducted research in Guatemala on an endangered bird called the grebe. She also lectured nationwide about ecology. Besides, Anne worked with a number of organizations dedicated to conservation. As a respected guide, author, and conservationist, Anne not only loved the land but also had found a way to become part of it. We can conclude from the text that Anne _ .
|
[
"felt very lonely living in the woods",
"made the wilderness a part of her life",
"tried to make more people aware of the grebe",
"longed to be an editor of National Geographic"
] | 1B
|
college_biology
|
mmlu_labeled
|
You have waited 45 minutes for the valuable 10 minutes' break. But when the bell for the next class rings, you can't believe how quickly time has passed. If you have this experience, you'll know how time flies when you are having fun and _ when you are bored. Now scientists have come up with a reason why this happens. They have found that the brain changes its way to work according to how we direct our attention to a task. When we are bored, we pay more attention to how time is passing. And this makes our brains think the clock is ticking more slowly. Recently some researchers who want to understand the conditions carried out an experiment. In the experiment, twelve volunteers watched a picture while researchers monitored their brain activity. The volunteers were told to first notice how long a picture appeared, then the color of the picture, and thirdly, study the both. The results showed that the brain was more active when the volunteers paid attention to more subjects. It is thought that if the brain is busy noticing many aspects of a task, it has to spread its resources, and pays less attention to the clock. Therefore, time seems to go quickly. If the brain is not so active, it spends its full energy on the passing of time. As a result, time seems to move slowly. Next time you feel bored in class, perhaps you should concentrate on what the teacher is saying. What have the scientists found?
|
[
"Time goes by fast when we have nothing to do.",
"The ten minutes' break is important to students.",
"The brain works in different ways in different situations.",
"Students pay more attention to the pictures than the passing of time."
] | 2C
|
anatomy
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Not long ago, I opened an interesting e-mail from Jennifer, a friend of mine. "I've realized I want to be around people who make me happy," she wrote, "I've been seeing how I feel after communicating with different people and making a mental list of who I feel good about. And you're on my list." Then she invited me -- and 11 other women-- to a "Movie Night" to be held every six weeks at her house. We'd chat, eat, and watch feel-good movies. She made it clear in her invitation that there was no stress to show up to all or any movie nights. Wonderful! I e-mailed her back immediately. I was in. Later, Jennifer told me she had some puzzled reactions to her invitation. Though all the women were willing to join, some said they didn't see themselves as cheerful people. "I've told them they didn't have to be cheerful around me all the time. I invited them because they made me feel happy," she says. Research shows that gatherings such as Jennifer's _ . In a US study, researchers measured the happiness of 4739 people at regular intervals over 20 years. The study found that a person's happiness depends on the happiness of people they connect with. Amazingly, it also found that happiness spreads not only between direct friends, but also among friends of your friends' friends! And those good feelings seem to be the most contagious among friends of the same sex. "People with more supportive friends are less likely to develop sadness," says Dr Toupey Luft, a psychologist in Penticyon, British Columbia. "Though you can't choose your family or workmates, you do have control over friendships." With a little effort, you can add more positive relationships to your social circle. Here's how... Which of the following is right?
|
[
"Jennifer was puzzled with her invitation.",
"All the women who were invited are cheerful people.",
"Jennifer invited people who are cheerful around her all the time.",
"People with more supportive friends seem to be more positive than people who don't."
] | 3D
|
human_sexuality
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Having a dental fear is a common problem. Learning to overcome your fear of the dentist is possible with a little determination and guidance. It is worthwhile to overcome the issue as healthy teeth might help you be healthy physically and spiritually. Admission Admitting you have a fear is the first step in overcoming dental fear. When you acknowledge your fear, you can start the process. Dentistry has come a long way over the years. The anesthetics are improved, the techniques are of higher quality and dental offices have a better understanding of these issues you are concerned and all these can help you overcome it. Research Speak to family and friends about your fear. Be open and honest about your issues and get feedback from them regarding their dental experiences. You can contact your local Dental Society and express your concerns. Another good approach is to simply call dental offices and get useful information from the front office staff. First visit Most dental offices schedule your first visit by a dental assistant. This gives you a chance to ease into the situation. Do not hesitate to express your fear and hesitation. Pay attention to what the assistant says. It can be very useful and it can gently guide you to a new attitude towards dentists. Relaxation techniques There are many things you can do to relax yourself. Slow, steady, deep breathes are keys to relax properly. Another aid in relaxation is to bring your iPod to play some relaxing music while you are in the dental chair. Music is a wonderful tool to use and is a helpful distraction . Facing your fear and making the first dental appointment are necessary for your health. Ignoring your dental health because of your fear will only worsen the issues and cause you to have serious dental problems. You can start the process of overcoming dental fear after _ .
|
[
"making an appointment with a good dentist",
"learning something about dental health",
"admitting your dental fear",
"asking advice from other people"
] | 0A
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Most children, even the youngest of children, are delighted to be around cats and dogs. But these pets carry plenty of germs and allergens , prompting researchers to ask: Are cats and dogs really safe for children? A study finds that, contrary to many parents' fears, owning cats or dogs does not increase a child's risk of developing allergies, and in fact, may actually protect them. The study's lead author, Dr. Dennic Ownby of the Medical College of Georgia, says that even he was "very surprised" by the results. Ownby and colleagues followed more than 470 children from birth to age 6 or 7, comparing those exposed to cats and dogs during their first year of life to those who were not. By using skin-prick tests for detecting common allergies, the researchers found that, contrary to what many doctors had been taught for years, children who had lived with a pet were not at greater risk. Even more remarkable, children who had two or more dogs or cats had an even greater reduction, up to 77 percent, in risk of allergies. Researchers suggest this protective effect may be the result of early exposure to lots of bacteria that are carried by dogs and cats. Exposing young children to these bacteria helps" exercise" their immune systems early in life so that they're better able to resist allergic diseases later. There's something very important in that first year of life when the immune system is developing that we can retrain _ away from an allergic response, said Dr. William Davis. And while researchers are not encouraging parents to buy dogs or cats just to reduce a child's allergy risk, they say if a family already has one or more animals, there's no need to get rid of them. What may be the best title of the passage?
|
[
"How to protect your kids from allergies",
"Your pets may be helping your kids",
"Bacteria do good to your kids",
"Advantages of owning pets"
] | 1B
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
The crust, the mantle, and the core are structures of Earth. Which description is a feature of Earth's mantle?
|
[
"contains fossil remains",
"consists of tectonic plates",
"is located at the center of Earth",
"has properties of both liquids and solids"
] | 3D
|
natural_science
|
ai2_arc_challenge
|
An allowance is an important tool for teaching kids how to make plans for the use of money, save and make their own decisions. Children remember and learn from mistakes when their own dollars are lost or spent foolishly. How large an allowance is suitable? Experts say there is not right amount. Actual amounts differ from region to region, and from family to family. To set an suitable allowance for your child, work up a weekly plan. Allow for entertainment costs such as movies and snacks. Next, include everyday expenses such as lunch money, bus fare, school supplies. "If you make the child responsible for these bills'," says Josephine Swanson, a consumer specialist, " he or she will learn to plan for necessary costs." Finally, add some extra money to make saving possible. If you can keep your child's allowance in line with that of his friends. A child whose buying power falls away below his peers' can feel left out. It can be tough, but don't excuse your children when they make a mistake with their allowance. When Brooke Stephens was ten and growing up in Jacksonville, her mother gave her $5 a week, $1.75 of which was for bus fare and lunch." If you lose your money," Brooke's mother told her, "you walk home." One week the girl spent all her allowance in a candy store, then she called home for a ride. " Mom made me walk home," recalls Stephens, now a financial planner in Brooklyn. " At first I was angry. But I finally realized that she was trying to teach me an important lesson. " Experts advise that an allowance should not be tied directly to a child's daily housework at home. Kids should help around the house not because they get paid for it but because they share responsibilities as members of a family. You might, however, pay a child for doing extra jobs at home, which can develop his or her early habits. It can be inferred from the passage that if a child is given an allowance, he or she may _ .
|
[
"spend all the money very soon",
"fall into the bad habit of wasting money",
"feel responsible and careful about money",
"lose the money and can not return home"
] | 2C
|
high_school_microeconomics
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Podcasting is like radio broadcasting, except that it uses the Internet. Anyone with a computer and a microphone can record a show about any subject. Anyone with a computer and an MP3 player can download the podcasts and listen. Podcasting does require some technical knowledge, but not very much. Many education-related podcasts are aimed at college students. But a growing number is created for, and by, students in middle school and high school. At mountain View Alternative High School in prefix = st1 /Centreville,Virginia, the students have spent several weeks preparing for their project. They have written their stories. And they have recorded music and other sound to use in their podcasts. Next, they bring together the different elements on a computer. Their teachers help by offering comments and suggestions. The students have made decisions about how to present their information. They have decided how it will be read, and how other sound will be used. Some students decide to read their story themselves. Others choose to create a different effect by having someone else read parts of _ . Through voices, music and sound effects, the students are able to create something deeply personal. With podcasting, students are using their skills in writing, reading and public speaking. At the same time, they are learning several new skills. They learn to work with the computer programs that are used for podcasting. They also gain experience in communications, broadcasting and problem-solving. Podcasts are being used in English classes and social studies, as well as foreign language classes. Being able to listen to recordings of their own voices helps students to hear mistakes. There are tens of thousands of podcasts on the Internet. They can be found on almost any subject, from current events of financial planning and poetry. People are now recording their thoughts on just about everything. The follow statements are all true EXCEPT that_.
|
[
"students can learn how to communicate with others with podcasting",
"personal podcasts used in English classes enable students to hear mistakes",
"students will get a lot of training in many new skills with podcasting",
"podcasting can make it easy for students to learn anything well"
] | 3D
|
high_school_computer_science
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Babies understand what their mothers say, even when they speak a language their children have never heard before, scientists claim. The researchers found that one-year-olds reacted in exactly same way to their mothers' voices regardless of whether they were speaking English or Greek, showing what mothers have long known - that babies pick up on tone of voice rather than the words themselves. The researchers, from Cardiff University's School of Psychology, observed babies as they watched their mothers perform actions with toys using the English words "whoops" and "there". The scientists studied reactions from one-year-old babies to their mums' voices even when they were speaking both English and Greek, and keeping the same tone of voice. The academics found that babies reproduced the same reactions regardless of whether they knew the language. Study leader Dr Merideth Gattis of Cardiff University's School of Psychology says, "What this work showed was that children could have access to understanding simply through tone of voice. We did 'whoops' and 'there' in two languages and got exactly the same results." The research, published in the journal Cognitive Development, was conducted on 84 babies aged between 14 and 18 months, over the course of a year, with none of the babies having any previous exposure to Greek. Dr Gattis says that children respond to tone clues in their parents' voices from an early age. She says, "Tone of voice is a really useful signal of what someone is thinking. We never have direct access to other people's minds, except the signals in language that they give out." She says the study shows that it is less important what parents say than how they say it. Dr Gattis adds, "A child may ask if you like his / her drawing, for example. You might say yes, but if you don't sound enthusiastic, the meaning may not get across." Before children begin to speak, parents should use exaggerated tone when speaking to them. Which of the following is TRUE, according to the study?
|
[
"Tone of voice is the most useful sign of what someone is thinking.",
"After children begin to speak, tone becomes unimportant.",
"The babies acted the same way regardless of the language.",
"The research was conducted on 48 babies."
] | 2C
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Scientists analyzed the cells of an animal to determine the cause of an infection. The scientists did not agree on the results of the analysis. What does this disagreement indicate about the nature of science?
|
[
"Scientists can present data in different formats.",
"Scientific results can be interpreted in different ways.",
"Scientists are capable of making unsupported claims.",
"Scientific results are often different from the expected results."
] | 1B
|
natural_science
|
ai2_arc_challenge
|
Select the phase of the Moon shown in the model.
|
[
"first quarter",
"new"
] | 1B
|
natural science
|
scienceqa
|
When we heard that our friend astronaut Gregory Chamitorff was going to be on board the last flight of the space shuttle Endeavour, we asked him if he would answer some questions from space. He said yes! Here are our questions and Greg's answers from space. What's the best thing about being in space? Zero-gravity is by far the best thing about being in space. It does not really mean that there is no gravity. It means that we are moving around Earth in the same way the space station is moving around Earth. So we are floating inside the space station. We travel around Earth once every 90 minutes. That's 16 sunrises and sunsets every day. Really fast! Inside the station, we can fly around like superman. It's an amazing feeling, and I hope everyone gets a chance to fly in space someday to experience the wonder of zero-gravity. What do you do for fun in the space shuttle? There are so many things you can do in zero-gravity that are fun. Flying around is fun. Eating food that floats is fun. I like to play like Superman and see how far I can fly without touching any walls. Another fun thing is to play with water. Most of all, the most exciting thing to do is to look out the window at our beautiful planet Earth below. You never get tired of seeing it like that, the way it really is and it can never be seen that way while standing on its surface. What's the coolest thing about being on a spacewalk? Wow! Doing a spacewalk is cool. There is nothing more wonderful than floating in space in your own space suit. It's amazing, and when you are doing a spacewalk, you are "out there" just floating in empty space, like the earth, like the moon, like the sun, like the space station. It's not science fiction. It's real. What can we know from the text?
|
[
"Greg thinks doing a spacewalk is science fiction.",
"Greg floats inside the space station without gravity.",
"Everyone has the chance to experience the wonder of zero-gravity.",
"In the space shuttle, Greg can see the shape of the whole earth clearly."
] | 3D
|
astronomy
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Health insurance can be very expensive. Some working people do not make enough money to pay for it. In the US there is a program called Healthy Families. This program offers people health insurance at a low cost. Families are charged about Y=7.00 a month for every child, and Y=10.00 for every adult. It costs much less than any other kind of health insurance. Having health insurance is very important. With this insurance, people can see a doctor when they are sick or hurt. The program is not expensive at all, but many people are still not enrolling in it. People say that it still costs too much money. They need all of their money to pay for things like food and rent. It would be great if everyone could have health insurance. People are working hard to come up with ways to make this happen. One idea is to make the Healthy Families Program free for some people. It is important for people to see a doctor when they need to. The Healthy Families Program makes it possible for more people to do this. Many ideas are being considered. Hopefully some of them will allow even more families to get health insurance. The Healthy Families Program is made to help those who don't have welfare and cannot earn enough to pay for private health insurance. It is an important program, but officials say that too many people are signing up for it and then dropping out because of the Healthy Families Program's cost. The passage is mainly about _ .
|
[
"health insurance at a low cost",
"the benefits of health insurance",
"the cost of health insurance",
"the Healthy Families Program"
] | 3D
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
What do these two changes have in common?
cutting your fingernails
stretching a rubber band
|
[
"Both are caused by cooling.",
"Both are caused by heating.",
"Both are chemical changes.",
"Both are only physical changes."
] | 3D
|
natural science
|
scienceqa
|
A Scottish university is considering allowing students to use their own computers in exams. Edinburgh University already has the equipment to allow a small number of students to use computers during exams. Senior officials at Edinburgh University say that it is unfair to expect students to use pens and paper in exams when the majority of their coursework is done on computers. Undergraduates at the School of Divinity have the choice of using computers with their final answers being collected on a USB stick, but the take-up stands at less than 10 per cent. Dai Hounsell, professor of higher education at the university, said, "We've got to look at alternatives to the handwritten exam. Looking ahead ten years from now, I'm sure there will not be handwritten answers any longer in the exam of certain subjects, but how we get there from here isn't easy. The plan doesn't apply so much to science and engineering subjects where students have to use charts and mathematical formulae . There isn't technology at the moment to allow them to do that on a computer." He adds that the approval of students is the key before anything is carried out. He also said, "We don't want to put students' future at risk by experimenting as there are technical things which can go wrong. There could be a power failure." Nora Mogey, head of Media and Learning Technology Service at the university, said, "A lot of students are not _ enough to make that step in such an important situation. They don't feel they've had enough practice in typing on a computer with a time limit in a high-pressure environment. They think they do better with a pen in their hand than on a keyboard." Jennifer Cadiz, president at the National Union of Students in the UK, said, "It's great to see universities recognizing that times have changed. Exams can be a really stressful time for students and it's helpful to offer them a flexible way to complete exams." No other major Scottish universities have plans to follow in Edinburgh University's footsteps and the Scottish Qualifications Authority says it has decided not to carry out the plan in its universities. What's Dai Hounsell's attitude towards Edinburgh University's new plan?
|
[
"He opposes it.",
"He isn't optimistic about it.",
"He is fond of it.",
"He thinks it necessary."
] | 1B
|
college_computer_science
|
mmlu_labeled
|
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