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Here are some of the fastest animals in the animal world. Let me tell you that a man can run 20 to 25 miles an hour. Heavy people can not run very fast. But some heavy animals can.Black rhinos are more than 3,500 pounds. They can run almost 30 miles an hour. Cheetahs are the fastest land animal over short distances .They can run over 70 miles an hour. But they get tired quickly and usually stop after a few minutes.Pronghorn antelopes are the fastest animals over long distances. They can run 35 miles an hour for many miles. Their top speed is more than 50 miles an hour.Ostriches can't fly, but they can run faster than other birds. They can run 43 miles an hour for a short distance. And can keep up a speed of more than 30 miles an hour over long distances. Which is the best title for this passage?
|
[
"The biggest birds.",
"What animal has the largest eggs.",
"The fastest animals.",
"The land mammal.s"
] | 2C
|
anatomy
|
mmlu_labeled
|
When we're young and we dream of love and fulfillment, we think perhaps of moon-covered Parisian nights or walks along the beach at sunset. No one tells us that the greatest moments of a lifetime are short, unplanned and nearly always catch us off guard. Not long ago,as I was reading a bedtime story to my seven-year-old daughter, Annie,I became aware of her focused look. She was staring at me with a faraway, blank expression. Apparently, completing The Tale of Samuel Whiskers was not as important as we first thought. I asked what she was thinking about. "Mommy," she whispered, "I just can't stop looking at your pretty face."I almost dissolved on the spot. Little did she know how many trying moments the glow of her sincerely loving statement would carry me through over the following years. Not long after, I took my four-year-old son to an elegant department store, where the sweet notes of a classic love song drew us toward a tuxedoed musician playing a grand piano. Sam and I sat down on a marble bench nearby, and he seemed as astonished by the pleasant theme as I was. I didn't realize that Sam had stood up next to me until he turned, took my face in his little hands and said, "Dance with me." If only those women walking under the Paris moon knew the joy of such an invitation made by a round-cheeked boy with baby teeth. Although shoppers openly chuckled and pointed at us as we glided and whirled around the open space, I would not have traded a dance with such a charming young gentleman if I'd been offered the universe. When the author knew her daughter could not stop looking at her pretty face, she felt_.
|
[
"sad",
"deeply moved",
"annoyed",
"ashamed"
] | 1B
|
human_sexuality
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Rae and Bruce Hostetler not only work very hard,they also relax just as well. Numerous vacations help the couple to maintain their health and emotional well-being-and it's no surprise to health care professionals. "Rest,relaxation, and stress reduction are very important for people's weLl-being and health. This can be accomplished through daily activities,such as exercise and meditation,but vacation is an important part of this as well," said primary care physician Natasha Withers from One Medical Group in New York. Withers lists a decreased risk of heart disease and improved reaction time as some of the benefits from taking some time off. "We also know that the mind is very powerful and can help with healing,so a rested,relaxed mind is able to help the body heal better," said Withers. Psychologists confirm the value of vacations for the mind. " The impact that taking a vacation has on one's mental health is great," said Francine Lederer,a clinical psychologist in Los Angeles who specializes in stress and relationship management. " Most people have better life perspective and are more motivated to achieve their goals after a vacation,even if it is a 24- hour time-out. " The trips could be good for their health,good for their family and good for their .businesses. The online travel agency Expedia conducted a survey about vacation time in 2010,and according to their data the average American eamed 18 vacation days-but only used 14 0f them. France topped the list,with the average worker earning 37 vacation days and using all but two of them. Americans' responses may not be surprising in a culture where long hours on the job often are valued,but that's not always good for the individual,the family or the employer. Psychologists have also found that people who don't take enough time to relax may find it harder to relax in the future. "Without time and opportunity to do this,the nerve connections that produce feelings of calm and peacefulness become weaker,making it actually more difficult to shift into less-stressed states," Mulhern said. According to Natasha Withers,vacations can _ .
|
[
"weaken reaction system",
"cure serious diseases",
"reduce the level of well-being",
"decrease the risk of heart disease"
] | 3D
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Here are some easy tips for getting to sleep. They can help you deal with tension, stress and anxiety, and enjoy a good night sleep. Not every one of these tips alone will get you to sleep, but a few of them at least should be useful. Get some physical exercise during the day. Even 15 minutes a day of exercise (at least half an hour before going to bed, so your body will have a chance to slow down) will give your body the activity and oxygen it needs to help you relax more and sleep better. Listen to the light music. Play some soft, smooth music that help you sleep. Of course you must have a recorder or CD player that will automatically turn off because if you get up and turn it off in the end, it'll lose its effect. Drink warm milk. A glass of warm milk 15 minutes before going to bed will keep you calm. Keep regular bedtime hours. Your body likes regular routines ,.It likes to know that it's going to get up at the same time each day, eat at the same time, and go to bed at the same time. Keep far away from caffeine, alcohol and tobacco. Before you go to sleep, you'd better not drink coffee or cola which has caffeine. Don't drink wine, beer or champagne which has alcohol and don't smoke. Don't watch TV or read before going to bed. Wait at least half an hour before going to bed after reading or watching TV. According to the passage, which of the following is good before going to bed?
|
[
"Watching TV or reading.",
"Drinking Coffee.",
"Drinking warm milk.",
"Drinking beer."
] | 2C
|
nutrition
|
mmlu_labeled
|
More than 20 million kids in the United States live with one parent. Separation and divorce are the most common reasons for this. In other cases, the mom and dad may never have lived together, or one of them may have died. Living with one parent instead of two can bring about a lot of emotions. These feelings can be pretty strong, and they can be confusing, too. You might feel terribly sad and angry because your parents divorced. Single parents are often working parents because someone needs to earn money to buy food, clothing, and a place to live in. Having a job means your mom or dad is able to provide these things and more for you. People work for other reasons, too. A job can let a person use his or her special talents and skills. A job can be important because it helps people in the community. But even though you might understand why your mom or dad has to work, sometimes it can be hard to accept. This can be especially true during the summer or school vacations. _ It can be tough when you don't have enough time with your dad or mom. When you live with one parent, that person really has to do the work of two people. Besides a job, your mom or dad is responsible for caring for the kids, the house, the yard, the car and the pets. So what can you do ? One of the best ways is to hold a family meeting. Talk about everyone's schedule for work, school, and activities. You can also talk about what jobs around the house need to be done every day. You might want to help your parent cook dinner sometimes. That can be both fun and helpful to your parent. Maybe you can also schedule a weekly game or a movie at night. What is the best title for the passage?
|
[
"Living with a single parent",
"Single parents and work",
"How to work with a single parent",
"Schedules for work"
] | 0A
|
human_sexuality
|
mmlu_labeled
|
What is the volume of a test tube?
|
[
"12 liters",
"12 milliliters"
] | 1B
|
natural science
|
scienceqa
|
Young frogs do not resemble adult frogs. Which term is given to this pattern of development in frogs?
|
[
"asexual reproduction",
"cloning",
"metamorphosis",
"biological adaptation"
] | 2C
|
college_biology
|
mmlu_labeled
|
At what level of organization does damage compromise the function of the whole system?
|
[
"a cell",
"an organ",
"a tissue",
"an organelle"
] | 1B
|
college_biology
|
mmlu_labeled
|
What information supports the conclusion that Paul inherited this trait?
|
[
"Paul and his father both have dark hair.",
"Paul's parents have pale skin. They passed down this trait to Paul."
] | 1B
|
natural science
|
scienceqa
|
LAST week's decision by the International Astronomical Union (IAU) to _ Pluto _ its planetary status, held since its discovery in 1930, has made a lot of people sad. "Pluto," American science writer Dava Sobel writes in her book "The Planets", "still has an emotional hold on planethood. People love Pluto. Children identify with its smallness. Adults felt it hard to accept its isolated existence." Many people felt sorry about Pluto's demotion . "I just cannot accept this at this time," says Liu Ming, 29, who runs a small company in prefix = st1 /Shanghai. "I was taught that 'the Nine Great Planets' formed our solar system since primary school. And now they suddenly decrease the planets to eight. This will take some time for most of us to absorb it," says Liu. Ordinary people are simply not used to it, but for some professionals, especially the persons in charge of planetariums and educators, the change has become a real headache. The "eight instead of nine" change will affect thousands of planetariums around the world. Schools will also be greatly affected. InChina, teachers are anxious as outdated textbooks are printed and given out to the remotest corner of the country for school children ready to start a new term soon. According to the Ministry of Education, new textbooks with changed contents will not be available until next year. Zhao Zhiheng, a member of the Astronomy Association from Tianjin, suggested that primary and middle school teachers be trained in the improved knowledge, and that the media carry more stories to let people know about the change as soon as possible. What's the feeling of ordinary people to the change?
|
[
"They thought it necessary to have a change.",
"They accepted it without hesitation.",
"They felt a little sad and not used to it.",
"They were strongly against the change."
] | 2C
|
astronomy
|
mmlu_labeled
|
People may remove fallen trees from forests to reduce fire risk. Removing the trees is now thought to have an impact on the health of the forest. Which impact would removing fallen trees from forests most likely have on forest health?
|
[
"increased risk of forest fire",
"increased food sources for forest fungi",
"decreased soil fertility by preventing nutrient recycling",
"decreased forest vegetation by increasing sunlight penetration"
] | 2C
|
natural_science
|
ai2_arc_challenge
|
Jack was a skilled artist with a wife and two sons. One night, his elder son had a stomachache . Thinking it was only some common intestinal disorders, neither Jack nor his wife took it seriously. But the boy died suddenly that night. Knowing the death could have been avoided if he had only realized the seriousness of the situation, Jack always felt guilty. His wife left him a short time later, leaving him alone with his six-year-old younger son. The hurt and pain of the two situations were more than that Jack could stand, so he turned to alcohol for help. Later, Jack began to lose everything he had --- his land, house, etc. Finally Jack died alone in a small bar. Hearing of Jack's death, I thought, "What a totally wasted life! What a complete failure!" As time went by, I knew Jack's younger son who grew into an adult, Ernie. He is one of the kindest and most loving men I have ever known. I saw the love between Ernie and his children, thinking that kindness and caring had to come from somewhere. One day, I asked him what his father had done so that he became such a special person. Ernie said quietly, "As a child until I left home at 18, Jack came into my room every night, gave me a kiss and said, 'love you, son'." What made Jack turn to alcohol for help?
|
[
"The loss of his son.",
"His wife left him later.",
"He lost everything.",
"The loss of his son and his wife."
] | 3D
|
human_sexuality
|
mmlu_labeled
|
What we eat, when we eat or how we eat is usually considered to be an everyday eating habit. Good eating habits are very important for our health. Most of us would rather eat sweets and ice-cream than meat and rice. Sweets and ice-cream are not bad for the stomach if we eat them at the end of a meal. But we should also know that if we eat them before a meal, they will spoil our appetite . It is a good habit for us to eat our meal at the same time each day. When we feel hungry, it is a sign that our body needs a good supply. When we feel angry or excited, we may not want to eat. A long time ago, in England some judges used to decide whether a man was telling the truth by giving him some dry bread. If he could not swallow the bread, it was a sign that he wasn't telling the truth. He was telling lies. Although this seems very strange and rather foolish, it is indeed an excellent way of finding out the truth. A man who is worrying about something has difficulty in swallowing anything dry. Because he is worrying, he loses his appetite and does not want to eat. In the opinion of the judges in old England, if a man tells lies, he will _ .
|
[
"swallow dry bread easily",
"swallow dry bread with difficulty",
"eat a lot of dry bread",
"drink milk or wine"
] | 1B
|
nutrition
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Maglites use nickle with cadmium to produce
|
[
"money",
"illumination",
"beer",
"food"
] | 1B
|
high_school_chemistry
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Which of the following changes is NOT associated with menopause?
|
[
"the walls of the vagina become thick",
"the vagina shrinks in length",
"the labia minora shrink",
"production of estrogen declines"
] | 0A
|
human_sexuality
|
mmlu
|
Luke Dollar is a scientist. He has spent many years in Madagascar studying lemurs . Here is an interview with him. Reporter: What were you like as a kid? Luke: As a kid, I was an explorer . I lived with my grandparents on a farm in Alabama. I spent a lot of time outdoors. It was a lot of fun and I enjoyed that. From the time I was 6 to 16 years old I was an actor. My mom asked me to audition for a show in Birmingham. I asked my mom to buy me some video games and she agreed, so I went for it and finally got the part. Later, I became a professional actor. For many years I went all over the US performing on different stages. Reporter: How did you start to study lemurs? Luke: When I was on the farm, I was really a wild child and came to love wild things. I did a lot of photography in high school. I became a photographer and did photography for the local paper. Then I became a student of Duke University. At Duke University there is a center -- Lemur Center. I got a job there as a work-study student and met lemurs there for the first time. In 1994, I had a chance to go to Madagascar and decided to study lemurs there. Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?
|
[
"Luke acted for the first time at the age of 16.",
"Luke's grandfather used to be a photographer.",
"Luke started the Lemur Center at Duke University.",
"Luke came to love wild things when he was a kid."
] | 3D
|
college_biology
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Which of the following animals goes through metamorphosis?
|
[
"alligator",
"frog",
"lizard",
"turtle"
] | 1B
|
high_school_biology
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Different people use different languages. We Chinese speak Chinese, and, most of us are learning a foreign language. But there is another kind of language we need to know --- the language of the body. All over the world, people "talk with their hand, with their heads and with their eyes." When Japanese people meet, they bow. When Indians meet, they put their hands together. What do American and British do? Americans are more imformal than the British. They like to be friendly. They use first names, they ask questions and they talk easily about themselves. When they sit down, they like to relax in their chairs and make themselves comfortable. British people are more reserved . They take more time to make friends. They like to know you before they ask your name. When British or American people meet someone for the first time, they shake hands. They do not usually shake hands with people they know well. Women sometimes kiss their women friends, and men kiss women friends (on one cheek only). When a man meets a man, he just smiles, and says, "Hello." Men do not kiss each other, or hold hands. Even fathers and sons do not often kiss each other. If an American friend visits you, he probably _ .
|
[
"sit straight",
"never sits down",
"makes fun of you",
"sits freely"
] | 3D
|
human_sexuality
|
mmlu_labeled
|
One property of liquids is that they have a definite
|
[
"flexibility",
"temperature",
"volume",
"shape"
] | 2C
|
high_school_physics
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Noise pollution in cities is causing out health to suffer, according to the World Health Organization. Recently, researchers at the Free University of Brussels in Beigium have developed an applocation: NoiseTube. It allows everyone who downloads it the ability to measure the amount of noise they are exposed to by transforming their smart phone into a sound level meter. NoiseTube works by recording sound levels and GPS locations. Once launched the app shows decibel levels of green or red depending on the level of noise. That information is then sent to the NoiseTube server via the Internet where a "noise map" is produced and then made available to the user. Since its launch, the app has been popular with community groups who want to monitor their own noise levels. According to D'hondt of the Noise Tube project, these groups don't think that city produced noise maps give an adequate interpretation of the level of noise they're experiencing. City produced noise maps are based on statistical models involving very few actual measurements. NoiseTube on the other hand gives a detailed account of the level of noise experienced at a specific time and location. "Ten people walking the same area from 9 to 10 am every day for one week can make a valid and detailed map for an area of a couple of blocks," D'Hondt said. "It's reasonable effort by the community groups to produce these maps, and with it they can go to the authorities and have real evidence about what they're experiencing." So far these sorts of noise maps have been produced for a number of European cities. The app has been downloaded by 10,000 people with 2,700 people registered on the NoiseTube website. Why are community groups producing noise maps?
|
[
"To make more people use noise maps",
"To prove they are useful tools to control noise pollution",
"To make the authorities aware they are experiecing noise pollution",
"To collect valid information for the researchers"
] | 2C
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
1English people have three meals a day. They are breakfast, lunch and dinner. 2They have breakfast at about 7:00 to 8:00 in the morning. They often eat or drink some fruit or juice first, and then they have some porridge ,eggs and meat. Some English people like to take sugar in their porridge, and some like to put salt in it. 3For many people, lunch is a _ meal. Many of the office workers don't go home for lunch. They often buy a hamburger or sandwich in fast food shops. School children can have a hot meal at school, but many students only take a sandwich, a drink and some fruit from home for lunch. 4Dinner is the main meal for English people. They have dinner at about 6:00 to 8:00.Many people have dinner with their family at home. People cook it carefully, because they think dinner is very important. They have a lot of food for dinner: soup, fish, vegetables, tomatoes and bread or rice. After dinner they have some cakes, fruit or ice cream for dessert . English people often have _ for breakfast.
|
[
"cakes, fruit or ice cream",
"hamburgers or sandwiches",
"soup and rice",
"some porridge, eggs and meat"
] | 3D
|
nutrition
|
mmlu_labeled
|
When the labor demand curve is downward-sloping, an increase in the minimum wage is
|
[
"beneficial to some workers and harmful to other workers",
"beneficial to all workers and harmful to some employers",
"harmful to all workers and employers",
"beneficial to all workers and employers"
] | 0A
|
high_school_microeconomics
|
mmlu
|
Which of these is only found outside the solar system?
|
[
"planets",
"moons",
"nebulae",
"comets"
] | 2C
|
natural_science
|
ai2_arc_challenge
|
Bad teeth can be painful and even be deadly. Infections of the gums and teeth can release bacteria into the blood system. Those bacteria can increase the chance of a heart attack or stroke and worsen the effects of other diseases. And adults are not the only ones at risk. For example, a 12yearold boy died when a tooth infection spread to his brain in 2007 in Washington. Experts said it might have been prevented had he received the dental care he needed. Experts say good dental care starts at birth. Breast milk, they say, is the best food for the healthy development of teeth. Breast milk can help slow bacterial growth and acid production in the mouth. But dentists say a baby's gums and early teeth should be cleaned after each feeding by using a cloth with a little warm water. Experts say if you decide to put your baby to sleep with a bottle, give only water. When baby teeth begin to appear, you can clean them with a wet toothbrush. Dentists say it is important to find soft toothbrushes made especially for babies and to use them very gently. The use of fluoride to protect teeth is common in many parts of the world. For example, it is often added to drinking water supplies. The fluoride mixes with enamel , the hard surface on teeth, to help prevent holes from forming. But young children often swallow toothpaste when they brush their teeth. The American Academy of Pediatric Dentistry notes that swallowing fluoridated toothpaste can cause problems. So young children should be carefully watched when they brush their teeth. And only a small amount of fluoridated toothpaste, the size of a pea, should be used. Parents often wonder what effect finger sucking might have on their baby's teeth. Dental experts generally agree that this is fine early in life. Most children stop sucking their fingers by the age of four. If it continues, experts advise parents to talk to their children's dentists or doctors. Because it could _ the correct development of permanent teeth. Dentists say children should have their first dental visit at least by the time they are one year old. They say babies should be examined when their first teeth appear--usually at around six months. What is the purpose of the author in writing the passage?
|
[
"To warn us of the deadly infections of gums and teeth.",
"To introduce the advantages of fluoridated toothpaste.",
"To draw our attention to the dental care of young children.",
"To present the research results about dental care."
] | 2C
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
The World Health Organization says there has been a sharp increase in the number of over-weight children in developing countries. In African countries, the WHO says the number of over-weight or obese children is twice as high as it was 20 years ago. Around the world, about 43 million children under the age of five were overweight in 2013. Overweight and obese children are more likely to become overweight and obese adults. The condition can _ serious health problems like heart diseases. Francesco Branca is the director of the WHO Department of Nutrition for Health and Development. He says urban lifestyle makes people eat processed food more often ,which has a high sugar ,fat and salt content. He also says people are gaining weight because of their lack of activities. They travel in cars or other vehicles more than on foot. The WHO experts say to lower obesity rates is especially complex in countries that also deal with high rates of infectious diseases. The WHO has some basic solutions for individuals and countries. The organization says you should lower your intake of fat, sugar, salt and processed food and eat more fruits,' vegetables and increase physical activity. The WHO says these actions are especially important for children. And WHO expert Branca says mothers should breastfeed their babies for at least the first six months of life, if possible. More importantly, governments should consider providing vitamins for children and educational campaigns about problems linked to obesity would also help. In his view, government policies should deal with how food is marketed to children and food producers must balance quality and taste with the dangers of sugar, fat and salt. "Reducing the number of overweight children will not be easy. The goal is difficult to meet even in wealthy countries. " he adds. According to Branca , people are becoming overweight because of their changes in _
|
[
"lifestyles",
"transportation",
"physical condition",
"school educational ."
] | 0A
|
nutrition
|
mmlu_labeled
|
London has a new magazine. But it's not printed on paper. Everyone who has a television can receive it because it is on TV. In order to read this magazine you have to have a _ . Each page of it is numbered, so you only have to dial the number to choose which subject you want to read about. There's a wide choice--- everything is included from cooking to the latest sports news. If you want to read the news, the first thing you have to do is to turn to the index page which has an easy-to-remember page number, 100 for example. Then you start choosing what you want to read. The news is on pages 101 to 109, so you push out the numbers and the news appears written across your screen. Perhaps you want to go out in the afternoon, so you press 181, and a brightly colored weather map appears on the screen. But the weather is terrible so you decide to go shopping and dial 162 for a list of the week's best bargains. But should you drive or take the train ? To answer the question you only have to press 189 for the traffic report. It's very simple to use. But probably the best thing about the service is that it's being updated all the time. Journalists type new material directly onto the screen and whole pages of the magazine can be replaced in minutes. London has already had three services. One, transmitted by ITV, is called ORACLE, while the other two, on BBC, are called CEEFAX, because they let you see facts. Although CEEFAX and ORACLE have been operating for some time, they have not been well publicized. BBC engineers do not think that their idea will ever replace books and newspapers because they can be taken with you everywhere. But many people agree that this is a breakthrough as great as the invention of printing, which could change not just our reading habits but our whole way of life. According to the passage, the "decoder" is used to help people to _ .
|
[
"read the information transmitted by TV signals",
"broadcast special TV programs at home and abroad",
"dial the number to choose which subject you want to read about",
"find the exact page in which you can get information you need"
] | 0A
|
college_computer_science
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Whether it's a carol service or an evening of karaoke in the pub, many people will enjoy a good old singsong this Christmas. Singing aloud will not just lift the spirits---it's good for your physical health as well. Filling the lungs with air, increasing the heart rate and getting blood pumping round the body faster can all help our physical health. For the past few years Heart Research UK has been Funding a Christmas campaign aimed at getting people singing, simply for the benefit it can bring. The organizer of the campaign says singing is a safe, simple and social activity that everyone can enjoy. "Singing is linked to long life, stress reduction, and general health protection. It also brings a great amount of happiness. It is impossible to sing well with a long face because it affects your pitch ." Professor Graham Welch, who leads the International Music Education Research Centre at the University of London, has spent more than 30 years studying the effects of singing. He says that singing is a form of exercise. It means we're also having a strong aerobic activity when we're singing, which results in increasing the feeling of pleasure while decreasing that of stress. "And communal singing--like in a singing group, a church service or even a singsong in the pub--helps improve our sense of self-respect. It increases our sense of satisfaction with ourselves, a greater sense of feeling included. " Helen Astrid, a singing teacher, also sees the great effects that singing brings. "It lifts us up on a spiritual level, it helps our self-respect, and it's great for all ages from small kids to grannies--you can have a good sing and _ ." But she warns people not to have too many beers or glasses of wine, though a glass may help them gather courage before taking to the stage during the holidays. Heart Research UK holds a campaign to _ .
|
[
"encourage people to sing for God at Christmas",
"study the effects of singing on people",
"get people to sing and improve their health",
"bring happiness to people during holidays"
] | 2C
|
nutrition
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Gregor Mendel studied ratios related to traits passed from parent pea plants to offspring pea plants. Mendel used large numbers of plants to avoid "sampling error." This changed the way scientists studied genetics because it included ideas of
|
[
"nuclei and DNA.",
"atoms and molecules.",
"ecology and environment.",
"mathematics and probability."
] | 3D
|
college_biology
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Attempts to understand the relationship between social behavior and health have their origin in history. Dubos (1969) suggested that primitive humans were closer to the animals because they, too, relied upon their instincts to stay healthy. Yet some primitive humans recognized a cause and effect relationship between doing certain things and alleviating symptoms of a disease or improving the condition of a wound. Since there was so much that primitive humans did not understand about the functioning of the body, magic became an integral component of the beliefs about the causes and cures of health disorders. So it is not surprising that early humans thought that illness was caused by evil spirits. Primitive medicines made from vegetables or animals were invariably used in combination with some form of ritual to drive harmful spirits away from a diseased body. One of the earliest attempts in the Western world to formulate principles of health care based upon rational thought and rejection of supernatural phenomena is found in the work of the Greek physician Hippocrates. Little is known of Hippocrates who lived around 400 B.C., not even whether he actually authored the collection of books that bears his name. Nevertheless, the writings attributed to him have provided a number of principles underlying modern medical practice. One of his most famous contributions, the Hippocratic Oath, is the foundation of contemporary medical ethics . Among other things, it requires a physician to swear that he or she will help the sick, keep oneself from intentional wrong-doing or harm, and keep secret all matters to keep the doctor-patient relationship. Hippocrates also argued that medical knowledge should be derived from an understanding of the natural sciences and the logic of cause and effect relationships. In this classic thesis, On Airs, Waters, and Places, Hippocrates pointed out that human-being is influenced by the totality of environmental factors: living habits or lifestyle, climate, geography of the land, and the quality of air and food. Interesting enough, concerns about our health and the quality of air, water, and places are still very much written in the twentieth century. All of the following are included in the Hippocratic Oath EXCEPT _ .
|
[
"helping patients",
"keeping oneself from harming patients",
"keeping secret all matters to maintain a good relationship with the patients",
"obeying rules for modern medicine practice"
] | 3D
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Which action best models the motion of an arm at the elbow joint?
|
[
"opening a drawer",
"slicing an apple",
"closing a car door",
"pushing a wheelbarrow"
] | 2C
|
natural_science
|
ai2_arc_challenge
|
In your life, there are a lot of people around you. They are your relatives, neighbors, friends or classmates. Sometimes you get along well with them, but sometimes don't. What can you do when someone hurts you? Most people may be angry or even fight with him. But it's not a good idea. You'd better forget all this and forgive(,) him. Maybe it's not easy for you to do that, but it's possible. Please remember: Keep a good mood, and you will keep healthy. Staying angry with others, in fact, means letting others' mistakes treat yourself unfairly. How can you forgive others? First, think of something pleasant and try to get yourself happy. Second, don't wait others to say sorry to you. If anyone hurts you, he won't say sorry to you. He may just want to hurt you or just don't see things the same way. Third, _ . You can understand their minds better and make yourself a little happier. At last, try to know yourself very well. Whose mistakes caused that, yours or others'? If it's your fault, try to say sorry to them. If it isn't, smile at the thing. ,. The writer gives us _ ideas to forgive others.
|
[
"three",
"four",
"five",
"six"
] | 1B
|
human_sexuality
|
mmlu_labeled
|
In Shanxi Province you may be offered brains to eat. Frightened? You shouldn't be because these brains are only a food, which is famous for its unusual name and rich nutrition . Brains as a food were invented more than 300 years ago by Fu Shan, an artist whose mother had been ill for a long time. To help her become well, he studied medicine and invented a kind of soup made of meat, vegetables and a number of Chinese medicines. Rice Wine was also used in the soup to cure illnesses caused by old age. After taking the soup his mother got better little by little and lived a long life. Fu's soup became the talk of the town. Many people came to see him. One day a restaurant owner asked him what was in the soup. "I'll tell you, " Fu said, "but if your restaurant is going to sell the soup, you must call it brains because of its shape and colour. And your restaurant should be renamed after my mother. " Before Fu told the restaurant owner what was in the food, he demanded that _ .
|
[
"the restaurant shouldn't offer any other food",
"the restaurant should use his mother's name",
"the shape of the food should never be changed",
"the food should be used to help sick people"
] | 1B
|
nutrition
|
mmlu_labeled
|
If you're a male and you're reading this,congratulations:you're a survivor.According to statistics,you're more than twice as likely to die of skin cancer as a woman,and nine times more likely to die of AIDS.Assuming you make it to the end of your natural term,about 78 years for men in Australia, you'll die on average five years before a woman. There're many reasons for this--typically,men take more risks than women and are more likely to drink and smoke--but perhaps more importantly,men don't go to the doctor. "Men aren't seeing doctors as often as they should."says Dr Gullotta."This is particularly so for the over-40s,when diseases tend to strike." Gullotta says a healthy man should visit the doctor every year or two.For those over 45,it should be at least once a year. According to a recent survey,95% of women aged between 15 and early 40s see a doctor once a year,compared to 70% of men in the same age group. "A lot of men think they're invincible ,",Gullotta says."They only come in when a friend drops dead on the golf course and they think,'Geez,if it could happen to him...'" "Then there's the ostrich approach.Some men are scared of what might be there and would rather not know,"says Dr Ross Cartmill. "Most men get their cars serviced more regularly than they service their bodies,"Cartmill says.He believes most diseases that commonly affect men could be addressed by preventive check-ups. "Regular check-ups for men would surely place strain on the public purse,"Cartmill says."But prevention is cheaper in the long run than having to treat the disease.Besides,the final cost is far greater:it's called premature death." What does Cartmill say about regular check-ups for men?
|
[
"They may increase public expense.",
"They will save money in the long run",
"They may cause psychological strain on men",
"They will enable men to live as long as women."
] | 1B
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Commencement is a time for idealism. But economic reality is cruel everywhere; especially for new college graduates. They have been told repeatedly that a college degree is an open sesame to the global economy, But that's not necessarily so, according to new research by two economists at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Frank Levy and Peter Temin. It is true that people with college degrees make more money than people without degrees. The gap has narrowed somewhat in recent years, which is disturbing. But the earning power of college graduates still far outpaces that of less-educated workers. The bad news, though, is that a college degree does not ensure a bigger share of the economic pie for many graduates. In recent decades Mr. Levy and Mr. Temin show, only. college-educated women have seen their income grow in line with economy wide gains in productivity . The earnings of male college graduates have failed to keep pace with productivity gains. Instead, a huge share of productivity growth, which expands the nation's total income, is going to Americans on the top of the income scale. In 2005, the latest year with available data, the top 1 percent of Americans--whose average annual income was $1.1 million-- took in 21.8 percent of the nation's income, their largest share since I929. Administration officials, and other politicians and economists, often, believe that income inequality, reflects an education gap. But Mr. Levy and Mr. Temin show that in the case of men, the average bachelor's degree is not enough to catch the rising tide of the global economy. They argue that the real reason that inequality is worsening is the lack of strong policies that broadly distribute economic gains. In the past, for example, a more progressive income tax and unions promote equality. Positive measures have also helped and probably accounts, in part, for the pay growth of college-educated women. But such measures have been eroding and new ones have not yet emerged, making the income gap even greater. Mr. Levy and Mr. Temin conclude that only a new government policy can restore general prosperity. That's a challenge to the nation's leaders and today's graduates.prefix = st1 /Americaneeds them to contribute to the development of the nation in a global economy. From the passage, some economists believe that the worsening income inequality is caused by _ .
|
[
"lower college degree of college graduates",
"lack of proper governmental policies",
"gender discrimination",
"underdevelopment of economy and productivity"
] | 1B
|
high_school_macroeconomics
|
mmlu_labeled
|
The physicians in a hospital form the center of medical staff. But they could not provide effective medical care to their patients without the help of numerous other medical employees. From the viewpoint of the patients, the nursing staff is particularly important. Nurses are usually in close contact with patients as long as they are in the hospital. A nurse does not study for as many years as a doctor. however, each must be equally dedicated. Caring for sick persons requires a great deal of patience and concern. Most nurses work long days, and they often must work at odd hours or during the night. Under the supervision of the head nurse, the nursing staff must provide nursing services on a 24-hour basis and attend to patients' needs. This responsibility continues around the clock, and so nurses must work in shifts. A shift is a period of duty, usually eight in length. The nurses on the ward rotate their shifts. Some take turns working night duty; others work odd shifts. A nurse must always be alert. She can never afford to be careless. This is true in all nursing situation, but it is especially true in the intensive care unit. Patients under intensive care are critically ill, and they must be monitored at all times. The nurses who do intensive care duty have one of the most demanding jobs in the hospital. Serving as a nurse can be a very rewarding job. But it is not an easy one. Not every person is suited to become a nurse. Only very dedicated people have chosen nursing as a profession. The nursing staff _ .
|
[
"are central to the medical staff",
"play an important role in caring for patients",
"can work effectively without physicians",
"are always in close contact with the patients"
] | 1B
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
The children in the village wear dirty, cheap clothes. They sleep beside cows and sheep in small houses. They have no school. But they can write 26 English letters, and some know a few English words. How did it happen? It was because a U.S. group called One Computer Every Child offered them 20 computers. Can children teach themselves to read when they have no schools or teachers but have the help of today's new technology ? The goal of the group is to find out the answer. And the results are exciting. "The children are learning more than they would in one year of school," said Matt Keller, who organized the programme. The fastest learner was an eight-year-old boy called Kelbesa Negusse. He said that he himself was like a lion. Keller said, "Seven months ago he didn't know any English. But now he has known many words. I think if you give them food and water they will never leave the computer room. They will spend day and night there." Kelbesa said, "I like the computer because I can learn things with it." He added, "I know many English words, like dog, monkey, horse, sheep, cow, pig and cat." Keller said that One Computer Every Child was planning a programme for children who couldn't go to school. How can the children in the village learn English words?
|
[
"They go to school every day.",
"They have good teachers.",
"One Computer Every Child gave them computers.",
"They can learn from books."
] | 2C
|
college_computer_science
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Corn is widely being used in the United States to make ethanol for use in automobile fuel. How might the overproduction of corn negatively affect the environment?
|
[
"decreasing soil fertility",
"decreasing oil transportation",
"increasing the greenhouse effect",
"increasing carbon dioxide emissions"
] | 0A
|
natural_science
|
ai2_arc_challenge
|
Scientists who discovered a new way of generating electricity from water say they may have come across an alternative source of clean energy to rival wind and solar power. The breakthrough, which scientists say is the first new way to generate electricity in 160 years, could lead to batteries that use water instead of poisonous substances. The scientists made the discovery when they were investigating what happens when tap water is forced through extremely narrow glass tubes. Water squeezed down the tubes, each of which was narrower than a tenth the thickness of a human hair, generating a small electric current that ran the length of the tube. To produce a larger electric current, the team tried forcing water through a glass water filter that contained thousands of narrow channels lined up side by side. "When we took a syringe of water and squeezed it through the filter, we got enough power to light a light bulb," said Larry Kostiuk of the University of Alberta in Canada. "The harder you push the syringe, the more electric current you get." The current is produced because of an effect in the glass tubes. When they are filled with water, positively charged ions fixed in the tubes are washed away, leaving a slight negative charge on the glass surface. When water is then forced along the tube, the surface _ negatively charged ions in the water while positively charged ions are attracted down the tube. The result is a net flow of positively charged ions that sets up an electric current. According to Dr Kostiuk, no one has ever thought to use water to produce electricity in this way. "The last time someone came up with a way of generating electricity was Michael Faraday in 1839," he said. "So this is the first new way of generating electricity in 160 years, which is why we are so excited about it." Dr Kostiuk says water batteries might one day be used to power mobile phones and calculators, but admitted that the engineering challenges might make other applications more realistic. "You'd need to be sure it wouldn't leak, and you'd need to make sure it wouldn't freeze," he said. More likely would be to install the electricity-generating devices where water is already being pumped, such as at city water filtration sites, he said. "It could compete with wind and solar power," he added. What can we infer about potential water batteries?
|
[
"They must be used to power mobile phones and calculators.",
"They have some possible disadvantages like water leaking.",
"They would be needed greatly at city water filtration sites.",
"They would be better than wind and solar power."
] | 1B
|
electrical_engineering
|
mmlu_labeled
|
When you think about math, you probably don't think about breaking the law, solving mysteries or finding criminals. But a mathematician in Maryland does, and he has come up with mathematical tools to help police find criminals. People who solve crimes look for patterns that might reveal the identity of the criminal. It's long been believed, for example, that criminals will break the law closer to where they live, simply because it's easier to get around in their own neighborhood. If police see a pattern of robberies in a certain area, they may look for a suspect who lives near the crime scenes. So, the farther away from the area a crime takes place, the less likely it is that the same criminal did it. But Mike O'Leary, a mathematician at Towson University in Maryland, says that this kind of approach may be too simple. He says that police may get better clues to the location of a criminal's home base by combining these patterns with a city's layout and historical crime records. The records of past crimes contain geographical information and can reveal easy targets -- that is, the kind of stores that might be less difficult to rob. Because these stores are along roads, the locations of past crimes contain information about where major streets and intersections are. O'Leary is writing a new computer program that will quickly provide this kind of information for a given city. His program also includes information about the people who live in the city, and information about how a criminal's patterns change with age. It's been shown, for example, that the younger the criminal, the closer to home the crime. Other computer programmers have worked on similar software, but O'Leary's uses more math. The mathematician plans to make his computer program available, free of charge, to police departments around the country. The program is just one way to use math to fight crime. O'Leary says that criminology -- the study of crime and criminals -- contains a lot of good math problems. "I feel like I'm in a gold mine and ," he says. "It's a lot of fun." By "I'm the only one who knows what gold looks like", O'Leary means that he _ .
|
[
"is better at finding gold than others",
"is the only one who uses math to make money",
"knows more criminals than other mathematicians",
"knows best how to use math to help solve crimes"
] | 3D
|
college_mathematics
|
mmlu_labeled
|
A metal rod is sitting outside and soaks up a lot of energy from a star, so the metal
|
[
"cries",
"wiggles",
"sears",
"dies"
] | 2C
|
high_school_physics
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Why is pink or purple a color for girls and blue or brown for boys? The answer depends largely on cultural values as well as personal experiences. To the Egyptians, green was a color that represented the hope and joy of spring, while for Muslims, it means heaven. Red is a symbol of good luck in many cultures. In China, children are given money in a red envelope to bring good fortune in the New Year. For many nations, blue is a symbol of protection and religious beliefs. Greek people often wear a blue necklace hoping to protect themselves against evils . People's choice of colors is also influenced by their bodies' reactions toward them. Green is said to be the most restful color. It has the ability to reduce pain and relax people both mentally and physically. People who work in green environment have been found to have fewer stomach aches. Red can cause a person's blood pressure to rise and increase people's appetites . Many decorators will include different shades of red in the restaurant. Similarly, many commercial websites will have a red "Buy Now" button because red is a color that easily catches a person's eye. Blue is another calming color. Unlike red, blue can cause people to lose appetite. So if you want to eat less, some suggest that eating from blue plates can help. The next time you are deciding on what to wear or what color to decorate your room, think about the color carefully. Why will many commercial websites have a red "Buy Now" button?
|
[
"To relax people physically.",
"To increase people's appetites.",
"To encourage people to make a purchase.",
"To cause a person's blood pressure to rise."
] | 2C
|
human_sexuality
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Becoming a teacher is one of the best ways to make a difference in the life of a child and even older students. Here are some great scholarships and grant opportunities to get the ball rolling on your dreams of becoming a teacher. Straightforward Teacher Program This is one of the most popular and unique scholarships available for students working towards becoming teachers. The foundation offers their scholarships every three months as opposed to each year. During each payment, four students receive a $500 scholarship. Prezell Robinson Scholarship Program While this scholarship is available only to students in the state of North Carolina, it is so incredibly helpful that many students choose to study in the state for the only purpose of receiving it. It is offered to college students who come from low-income high schools or families that are interested in pursuing a long term career in education at any level. New York State Scholarship Program Officials in the state of New York founded this program to award students who want to give back to their community through their ability to teach. The catch for this scholarship is that the students must be pursuing a teaching career in mathematics or science at the secondary level. Also, because the program was designed to improve the education system in New York, the candidates must sign a service contract agreeing to work full time within the state for at least five years after graduation. Coca-Cola Scholarships You may have many opportunities for grants and scholarships through The Coca Cola Foundation. There is the Coca Cola Teaching Foundation that will provide free money for students pursuing an education in the teaching field. This is the most obvious for teachers, but do not be afraid to check out their other offers. Funds For Teachers Not all scholarships or grants are for students entering or already in college. The Funds for Teachers scholarships are for graduates who are already working in the field, but want to improve their possibilities, skills and education in an effort to increase their ability to teach the students that cross their path more effectively. Teachers in PreK through 12th grade are applicable no matter where they teach or what subject they specialize in. Which scholarship goes to the student who must be a science or math teacher after graduation?
|
[
"Coca-Cola Scholarships",
"New York State Scholarship",
"Prezell Robinson Scholarship",
"Straightforward Scholarship"
] | 1B
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Besides the pain, what bothered Yang Zhihong the most during an operation were the female nurses in the operation room. "It couldn't be more embarrassing," said the 23-year-old senior student from Beijing Foreign Studies University, who underwent an operation at Peking University Third Hospital in March, for reasons of hygiene. "I just felt uneasy with women around me and my pants off, even if they're there to help with my operation." That wasn't the first time Yang thought there should be more male nurses in the hospital. "For a physical examination on private parts, it would be better to be helped by nurses of the same gender," he added. While their numbers have increased in recent years, male nurses still only account for less than 1% of all nurses in China, according to the Ministry of Health. In the United States and many European countries, the percentage of male nurses is around 10%, Beijing Peking University First Hospital head nurse Deng Jun said during a forum focusing on male nurses. "We need to come up with more male nurses to meet the deficiency for male nurses in China," he said. "The lack of male nurses is mainly due to the misconception that a nursing job is a disgraceful job requiring no technical skills with a comparatively poor salary," Deng said. "People hold the belief that men are too clumsy to clean a patient's body or take care of the sick. However, male nurses possess some unique features." In some high-pressure and fast-paced working environments, such as operating rooms or emergency rooms, male nurses definitely have an advantage as well, Deng said. "It's difficult for a female nurse to turn over a paralyzed patient by herself in an intensive care unit. And during natural disasters, earthquakes for example, male nurses also play a vital role in rescuing victims and providing healthcare in a dangerous environment." Men make up only 1,900 of the 69,000 registered nurses in the capital, and they mainly work in the departments that are "labor-demanding", according to the Beijing Municipal Health Bureau. "I've seen so many male nurses quit or resign in the past few years," he said. "With a basic salary of around 1,500 yuan, most male nurses simply find themselves cornered." "Many students even reject their identity as a male nurse, out of the long-existing discrimination," Zhao said. "But nursing truly needs the male because of their rational thinking, physical strength and calmness in face of emergency and disasters." Nothing will change "until the public changes its attitude and nurses' pay is raised", he said. What can we learn from the passage?
|
[
"Male nurses will be much more popular than female nurses in China.",
"Of all the registered nurses in Beijing male nurses make up more than 2%.",
"The percentage of male nurses in the European countries is 90%.",
"Female nurses tend to keep calmer in face of emergency than male nurses."
] | 1B
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
A tight metal lid on a jar of pickles may loosen when it has been held in hot water. This is because the hot water causes the
|
[
"glass jar to contract",
"metal lid to contract",
"glass jar to expand more than the metal lid expands",
"metal lid to expand more than the glass jar expands"
] | 3D
|
high_school_physics
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Select the one substance that is not a rock.
|
[
"Steel is made in a factory. It is not a pure substance.",
"Dolerite is not a pure substance. It is formed in nature.",
"Sandstone is a solid. It is not made by living things."
] | 0A
|
natural science
|
scienceqa
|
Sabina Castelfrancol Rome October 16, 2011---The U.N. World Food program says there are growing concerns over food insecurity in the developing world. Some of those concerns are discussed in a report to agree with the anniversary Sunday of World Food Day. The theme for World Food Day 2011 is "Food prices-From Crisis to Stability". A ceremony to mark World Food Day will be held Monday at the headquarters of the U.N. Food and Agriculture Organization in Rome. Rising food prices, weather emergencies and political instability are deepening the struggle of families trying to provide for their households in many developing nations. This year's "State of Food In security in the World" report, published last week, focuses on the impact of food price _ confirming that high, unpredictable prices are likely to continue. The report highlighted how poor consumers, small farmers and countries dependent on imports, especially in Africa, have been deeply affected by the food and economic crises. Gregory Barrow is with the World Food Program in Rome. "if you look at the places where World Food program works particularly in developing countries, you see populations of people who might be spending 60,70,80percent of their salaries on purchasing food for their families". Barrow added that if prices become changeful and generally start rising, even by a small amount, it means that many of these people are going to struggle to put nutritious food on their tables. The report also showed that even short-term fluctuations in prices can have a long-term effect on development, and that cutting back on nutritious food in the first 1.000 days of a child's life can affect mental and physical development and finally, future earning capacity . The United Nations has programs in place aimed at reducing the number of hungry people by one-half by 2015.But most observers agree this target is unlikely to be reached. The U.N. World Food program aims to _ .
|
[
"hold a ceremony to mark World Food Day.",
"provide food for developing nations",
"show concerns over food insecurity in the developing world",
"introduce the U.N. Food and Agriculture Organization in Rome"
] | 2C
|
nutrition
|
mmlu_labeled
|
The moon looks bigger than the stars at night. But in fact, it is smaller than any of them. The moon looks big to us, because it is closer to us than any star. The moon goes around the earth. It makes one trip about four weeks. The moon is a round ball and looks beautiful. Don't you think so? Now people know quite a lot about the moon. There is no air or water on the moon so there are not any trees or animals, or people on the moon. The moon gets its light from the sun, but some places on the moon are quite dark. Then days on the moon get hotter than boiling water. The nights get colder than the North Pole on the earth. People know quite _ about the moon now.
|
[
"a few",
"a lot",
"little",
"some"
] | 1B
|
astronomy
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Tony is studying ladybugs in a garden. Which of these would BEST help Tony to count the spots on a ladybug?
|
[
"Stopwatch",
"Thermometer",
"Measuring cup",
"Magnifying glass"
] | 3D
|
elementary_mathematics
|
mmlu_labeled
|
A solar cell turns sunlight into another form of energy. A solar cell is most like what natural structure?
|
[
"an elephant's ears",
"a plant's leaves",
"a deer's hooves",
"a tree's roots"
] | 1B
|
college_biology
|
mmlu_labeled
|
In saltwater, a squid's method of locomotion results in water being
|
[
"pushed in front of it",
"sung about by Jethro Tull",
"displaced in the Great Lakes",
"displaced directly behind it"
] | 3D
|
high_school_biology
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Compassion is a desire within us to help others. With effort, we can translate compassion into action. An experience last weekend showed me this is true. I work part-time in a supermarket across from a building for the elderly. These old people are our main customers, and it's not hard to lose patience over their slowness. But last Sunday, one aged gentleman appeared to teach me a valuable lesson. This untidy man walked up to my register with a box of biscuits. He said he was out of cash , had just moved into his room, and had nothing in his cupboards. He asked if we could let him have the food on trust. He promised to repay me the next day. Icouldn't help staring at him. I wondered what kind of person he had been ten or twenty years before, and what he would be like if luck had gone his way. I had a hurt in my heart for this kind of human soul, all alone in the world. I told him that I was sorry, but store rules didn't allow me to do so. I felt stupid and unkind saying this, but I valued my job. Just then, another man, standing behind the first, spoke up. If anything, he looked more pitiable. "Charge it to me," was all he said. What I had been feeling was pity. Pity is soft and safe and easy. Compassion, on the other hand, is caring in action. I thanked the second man but told him that was not allowed either. Then I reached into my pocket and paid for the biscuits myself. I reached into my pocket because these two men had reached into my heart and taught me compassion. The aged gentleman who wanted to buy the biscuits _ .
|
[
"promised to obey the store rules",
"forgot to take any money with him",
"hoped to have the food first and pay later",
"could not afford anything more expensive"
] | 2C
|
human_sexuality
|
mmlu_labeled
|
If you think by examining someone's facial expressions you can judge if he has good or bad luck in the stock market, think again. A study published in the journal, Science, has shown that body language provides a better signal in judging whether the observed subject has just gone through an intensely positive or negative experience. To test highly intense faces, Dr. Hillel Aviezer and his colleagues presented test groups with photos of dozens of highly intense facial expressions in real-life situations. In one study, they compared emotional expressions of professional tennis players winning or losing a point. To discover exactly how people view images, the researchers showed different editions of the pictures to three groups of participants: 1 ) the full picture with the face and body;2) the body with the face removed; 3) the face with the body removed. Remarkably, participants could easily pick the losers from winners when they judged by the full picture or the body alone, but they only had a 50:50 chance of being right when judging by the face alone. Strangely, the participants .who viewed the full image believed that it was the face, not the body, that revealed the person's emotions. In an additional study, the researchers performed the same series of tests, asking viewers to examine a wider range of real-life intense faces. Again, viewers were unable to tell faces in positive situations from negative situations. The researchers also "planted" faces on bodies expressing positive or negative emotions. Sure enough, the researchers discovered that the emotion of the same face on different bodies was determined by the body on which it appeared. "These results show that when emotions become extremely intense, the difference between positive and negative facial expressions no longer seems clear," says Aviezer. "The findings challenge classic behavioral models, in which the boundary between positive and negative emotions is clear." Aviezer adds, "The results may help researchers understand how body and facial expressions interact during emotional situations. For example, individuals with autism may fail to recognize facial expressions, but if trained to read important body language signs, their performance may significantly improve." What can we conclude from the study?
|
[
"One cannot judge someone's emotions by facial expressions.",
"The boundary between positive and negative emotions is clear.",
"It's easier to tell positive emotions from negative ones if they're tenser.",
"Body language is a better choice to judge intense emotions."
] | 3D
|
human_sexuality
|
mmlu_labeled
|
School districts are turning to high-tech solutions-from fingerprint scans to electronic cards - to track kids on school buses and keep them from getting off at the wrong stops. A fingerprint scanning system, approved this month for testing at the Desert Sands district, northeast of San Diego. Students will be scanned as they get on and off the bus. "Kids get lost. It happens in every school district, every year," says John DeVries, president of Global Biometrics Security, which developed the Biometric Observation Security System (BOSS) that's being tested. It happened Oct. 13 when a Prince George's County (Md.) school employee took a 5-year-old student to the wrong bus and the student got off several blocks from home. With BOSS, students' fingerprints are scanned and sent to a database. When they get off, they provide a "check out" print. An alarm sounds if the child tries to get off at the wrong place. The fingerprints are not stored, DeVries says. They are converted into a series of numbers that cannot be used to re-create the print, he says. Margaret Gomez of Palm Springs, Calif., whose daughter, then 6, was let off a bus about a mile from her home three years ago, supports the idea. "Anything is better than what they have in place now." Other tracking systems include the ZPass from Seattle-based Zonar Systems, which uses a programmed card carried by students or tied to a backpack. It is in about 30 districts, including North Kansas City Schools and Illinois School District 128 in Palos Heights, company executive Chris Oliver says. Paul Stephens, of the Privacy Rights Clearinghouse in San Diego, says tracking students is reasonable, but the data could fall into unauthorized hands. "What if a child predator was able to get access to this?" he says. What is Margaret Gomez's attitude toward the new solution?
|
[
"Supportive.",
"Pessimistic.",
"Doubtful.",
"Worried."
] | 0A
|
computer_security
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Your brain isn't a muscle, but you can treat it like one Many people focus on physical fitness, but few know that brain fitness is also something you can work on. In fact, you can exercise your brain as often as you do to your arms or legs-and the results can be positive and empowering. To improve your brain, you can't simply repeat the same exercises over and over. Just as lifting a two-pound weight will stop challenging you, so will repetitive exercises such as crosswords or Sudoku. Once you master easy exercises, you must move on to harder ones in order to push your brain-like your muscles-to a new level. The science behind brain training Scientists once believed that your mental abilities were fixed in adulthood. Since studies have shown just the opposite, millions of people around the world have adopted the new practice of brain training. The most popular of these brain training products is made by the San Francisco-based Lumosity. Lumosity's scientists with an experienced team of game designers have developed a fun,effective online brain training program that measures, tracks, and adapts to your progress, so you'll always be challenged. Promising studies on the effects of brain training In a 2013 Stanford study, a treatment group of 21 breast cancer survivors used 12 weeks of Lumosity training to work on processing speed, mental flexibility, and working memory tasks. On average, those who trained improved on tests of these abilities, compared to a group that did not train with Lumosity. There is even some evidence suggesting that Lumosity may be beneficial to normal, healthy adults. In a 2011 study by Lumosity and San Francisco State University researchers. 13 people who trained over 5 weeks improved working memory scores by 10%and attention scores by 20%. Brain training is designed to meet real-life needs The design of brain train ing is targeted at real-life benefits instead of improving game scores. Better attention, for example, can mean greater focus in the classroom or at an important business meeting. With improved processing speed, you might react and adapt faster to the demands of a busy life. And a better memory could mean stronger, longer relationships with the people closest to you. We can learn from the passage that _ .
|
[
"brain training speeds up the recovery of breast cancer",
"your brain is like a muscle because it gives you power",
"people's mental abilities can't develop after they grow up",
"Lumosity can measure, track and suit your level as you improve"
] | 3D
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Which definition of evolution would have been most foreign to Charles Darwin during his lifetime?
|
[
"change in gene frequency in gene pools",
"descent with modification",
"the gradual change of a population's heritable traits over generations",
"populations becoming better adapted to their environments over the course of generations"
] | 0A
|
high_school_biology
|
mmlu
|
Medical scientists are already putting computer chips directly into the brain to help people who have Parkinson's disease, but in what other ways might computer technology be able to help us? Ray Kurzweil is the author of the successful book The Age Of Intelligent Machines. He is also one of the world's best computer research scientists. He is researching the possibilities. Kurzweil gets computers to recognize voices. An example of this is Ramona, the _ hostess of Kurzweil's website, created by the computer, who is able to understand what you say. Visitors to the website can have their own conversations with her. Ramona also dances and sings. Kurzweil uses this technology to help people with physical problems. One of his ideas is a "seeing machine". This will be "like a friend that could describe what is going on around," he explains. Blind people will use a sensor which will probably be built into a pair of sunglasses. This machine will describe to the person everything it sees. Another idea, which is likely to help deaf people, is the "listening machine". This invention will recognize millions of words and understand any speaker. The listening machine will also be able to translate what it hears into other languages, so even people without hearing problems are likely to be interested in using it. But it is not just about helping people with physical problems. Looking further into future, Kurzweil sees a time when we will be able to store what we hear, see and think in a computer. This technology probably won't be ready for at least 50 years, but when it arrives, it means our minds will be able to live forever. What can be the best title for the text?
|
[
"The Seeing Machines",
"The Listening Machines",
"The Intelligent Machines",
"The Translating Machines"
] | 2C
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Computer programmer David Jones earns $35.000 a year designing new computer games. yet he cannot find a bank ready to let him have a credit card Instead he has been told to wait another two years until he is 18. The 16-year-old works for a small firm in Liverpool where the problem of most young people of his age is finding a job David's firm releases two new games for the fast growing computer market each month But David's biggest headache is what to do with his money. Even though he earns a lot he cannot drive a car take out a mortgage ,or get credit cards David got his job with the Liverpool-based company four months ago ,a year after leaving school with six O-levels and working for a time in a computer shop. "I got the job because the people who run the firm knew I had already written some programs" he said David spends some of his money on records and clothes and gives his mother 50 pounds a week But most of his spare time is spent working. "Unfortunately, computing was not part of our studies at school " he said "But I had been studying it in books and magazines for four years in my spare time I knew what I wanted to do and never considered staying on at school Most people in this business are fairly young, anyway" David added :"I would like to earn a million and I suppose early retirement is a possibility You never know when the market might disappear." What is one of the problems that David is facing now?
|
[
"He is too young to get a credit card",
"He has no time to learn driving",
"He has very little spare time",
"He will soon lose his job"
] | 0A
|
high_school_microeconomics
|
mmlu_labeled
|
I am an e-mail user.When I first started to use the e-mail system. I used to read all my e-mail.I didn't have much mail.1 was very excited about receiving any e-mail.I gave my friends my e-mail address.Soon I had more mail than 1 wanted.Some of the mail was junk mail.1 was worried.I didn't want my mail to control me. I've tried some methods to help me get control of my mail.First,I check my mail at the same time every day.Also I try to allow myself only 15-20 minutes every day to process my e-mail.This doesn't always work,but I try.Sometimes I save the messages.Sometimes I just read them,maybe answer a few,and then delete them.Sometimes I'm not at all interested in a message,so I don't even open it.I delete it right away.This is very much the way I go through the mail that the postal service delivers to my home. These methods are very simple.I have some friends who are very clever with computers.From time to time, _ teach me new tricks for managing my e-mail.I've also learned to transfer some messages to a disk so they don't fill up my mail files .Then I can read them later and maybe use them in my work.I'm still amazed at what e-mail can do for me! I'm still worried,however,about having too much to read. Which of the following does NOT belong to the ways of the writer's dealing with his mail?
|
[
"Saving the message",
"Just reading more",
"Deleting some",
"Passing some into friends"
] | 3D
|
computer_security
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Many people say they can not start their day without first having a cup of coffee or tea.People say these drinks help them think clearly and feel more awake.This is because of caffeine,a kind of matter found in some plants.Caffeine helps to give a jumpstart to the nervous system.Now a new report says it may also improve long-term memory. Michael Yassa is a neurobiology professor at the University of California.He and other researchers wanted to know if caffeine could improve what they called memory consolidation.They asked a group of individuals to learn something new,then the same people were given caffeine,the active component in coffee,tea and chocolate. He and the other researchers worked with a group of l60 people who were Caffeinefree.On the first day,all the subjects were shown pictures of everyday objects.They were asked to identify whether the pictures could be found inside the house or outdoors.Some of the subjects were then given a caffeine pill,the others were given a placebo--a pill containing an inactive thing.On the second day,all of the subjects were asked to look at more pictures.Some of the images were exactly like the ones they had seen 24 hours early.But other images were different.And a third group of pictures was similar to the first group but a little different.The participants had to decide whether the images they saw were the same or different from the ones on the first day. Professor Yassa says their answers help to show the effects of caffeine on memory.He says those who took the caffeine pills had a ten to twelve percent increase in their ability to remember the objects.The amount of caffeine the researchers used in the study was similar to one strong cup of coffee. Professor Yassa says pills with a little more caffene also increased memory,but resulted in some participants appearing more nervous. What does this text mainly tell us?
|
[
"Coffeeis essential for people's work.",
"Caffeine has negative effects on our health.",
"Caffeine may help better long-term memory.",
"Caffeine can lead to difficult sleeping and anxiety."
] | 2C
|
nutrition
|
mmlu_labeled
|
What is the temperature of a bowl of ice cream?
|
[
"39°C",
"39°F"
] | 1B
|
natural science
|
scienceqa
|
If you're a male and you're reading this,congratulations:you're a survivor.According to statistics,you're more than twice as likely to die of skin cancer as a woman,and nine times more likely to die of AIDS.Assuming you make it to the end of your natural term,about 78 years for men in Australia, you'll die on average five years before a woman. There're many reasons for this--typically,men take more risks than women and are more likely to drink and smoke--but perhaps more importantly,men don't go to the doctor. "Men aren't seeing doctors as often as they should."says Dr Gullotta."This is particularly so for the over-40s,when diseases tend to strike." Gullotta says a healthy man should visit the doctor every year or two.For those over 45,it should be at least once a year. According to a recent survey,95% of women aged between 15 and early 40s see a doctor once a year,compared to 70% of men in the same age group. "A lot of men think they're invincible ,",Gullotta says."They only come in when a friend drops dead on the golf course and they think,'Geez,if it could happen to him...'" "Then there's the ostrich approach.Some men are scared of what might be there and would rather not know,"says Dr Ross Cartmill. "Most men get their cars serviced more regularly than they service their bodies,"Cartmill says.He believes most diseases that commonly affect men could be addressed by preventive check-ups. "Regular check-ups for men would surely place strain on the public purse,"Cartmill says."But prevention is cheaper in the long run than having to treat the disease.Besides,the final cost is far greater:it's called premature death." From the passage we can know the natural term for women in Australia is about_years.
|
[
"73",
"78",
"83",
"88"
] | 2C
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
People who breathe infected air from a TB patient can become infected with the tuberculosis bacteria . However, most people with active tuberculosis do not expel (,)very many TB bacteria. So, the spread of the disease usually does not happen unless a person spends a large amount of time with a TB patient. Those most at risk are family members, friends and people who live or work closely with a patient. Tuberculosis can attack any part of the body. However, the lungs are the most common targets of the bacteria. People with the disease show several signs. They may expel air from the lungs suddenly with an explosive noise. This kind of cough continues for a long period of time. People with a more severe case of tuberculosis also may cough up blood. People with the disease often have high body temperatures. They suffer what are called night sweats, during which their bodies release large amounts of water through the skin. TB victims also are tired all the time. They are not interested in eating. So their bodies lose weight. One thing that is especially dangerous about TB is that people with moderate signs of the disease may not know they have had it. They may spread the disease to others without even knowing it. So, it is very important for people to get tested for tuberculosis. The common signs of TB are _ .
|
[
"cough or even cough with blood, night sweat, and tired of sleeping.",
"cough or even cough with blood, night sweat, and eating too much",
"cough, fever, feeling tired, night sweat, losing weight",
"cough, fever, feeling tired, night sweat, eating too much"
] | 2C
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
When branched chain amino acids are deaminated in muscle, the ammonia produced is mostly:
|
[
"converted into arginine and released from the muscle.",
"converted into alanine and glutamine and released from the muscle.",
"converted into urea and released from the muscle.",
"used to synthesise purines and pyrimidines in the muscle."
] | 1B
|
clinical_knowledge
|
mmlu
|
A daughter's duty? Adult daughters are often expected to caregiver for older parents. In 2007, Jorjan Sarich and her dad moved from California to Idaho. It was where he wanted to live his rest time. "I left my occupation, I left my friends; he did the same thing," said Sarich, who bought a house with her father, George Snyder, in the China Gardens neighborhood of Hailey after his health began to decline. Though a graduate student struggling to finish her dissertation , Sarich chose to be her dad's full-time caregiver. "It's only now, several years later, that I'm realizing how much work it was. It's the kind of exhaustion that sleep doesn't cure," she said. About 6 million Americans provide care to elderly relatives or friends living outside of nursing homes. Laurel Kennedy, author of "The Daughter Trap" (Thomas Dunne Books, $25.95), says that women bear a disproportionate share of the burden -- about 70 percent of hands-on care giving such as bathing. "I want to be clear: Women don't hate this," Kennedy said. "What they hate is that everyone just assumes they'll do it." Kennedy is calling for _ equal to the rise of affordable child care and day care: Employers should help working caregivers by offering accommodations. Men should step up more often. It's unfair that women are always chosen to provide care for an elderly family member. Despite the hard work it took on Sarich -- interrupted sleep and the knowledge that his 2009 death was the end game, she would do it again. Since about half a century had gone by, she wasn't the person he remembered, and he wasn't the person she remembered either. Caring for her father changed how each saw the other. What can we infer from the book "The Daughter Trap"?
|
[
"Daughters don't like care giving.",
"Daughters devote a lot to care giving.",
"Care giving is daughters' duty.",
"Care giving should be sons' duty."
] | 1B
|
human_sexuality
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Select the mammal.
|
[
"hippopotamus",
"great white shark",
"arroyo toad",
"great crested newt"
] | 0A
|
natural science
|
scienceqa
|
What information supports the conclusion that Rosa inherited this trait?
|
[
"Rosa's hair is the same color as her brown eyes.",
"Rosa's father has brown eyes. He passed this trait down to Rosa."
] | 1B
|
natural science
|
scienceqa
|
Perhaps you have heard a lot about the Internet, but what is it? The Internet is many different networks around the world. A network is a group of computers put together. These networks joined together are called the Internet. Maybe that doesn't sound interesting. But when we've joined the Internet. There are lots of things we can do. We can have a lot of interest on the World Wide Web (www). We can use the internet instead of a library to find all kinds of information for our homework.. We can find information about our favorite sports or film stars and do shopping on the Internet. We can also send messages to other people by e-mail. It is much cheaper and quicker than calling our friends or sending letters. Thanks to the Internet, the world is becoming smaller and smaller. People can now work at home with a computer in front, getting and sending the information they need. They can buy or sell whatever they want by the Internet. But do you know 98%of the information is English? So what will English be like tomorrow? What does the writer try to tell us with the last two sentences?
|
[
"The Internet is more and more popular.",
"All the information is English.",
"English is important in using the Internet.",
"Every computer must join the Internet."
] | 2C
|
college_computer_science
|
mmlu_labeled
|
One morning, Tina and Wesley both wake up with sore throats and stuffy noses. They have the same symptoms, but they react very differently. While Tina reaches for water and vitamins, her husband, Wesley, reached for the phone. "I'd better make a doctor's appointment," he says. Why do these two Chinese people react to sickness so differently? Tina grew up in the U.S. Wesley grew up in Taiwan. And they have discovered that differences between Chinese and American cultures extend to every area of life. Even sickness and health. When Westerners experience pain, they usually express their discomfort. Most Asians don't. This creates a challenge for American nurses who care for Asian patients in the U.S. How do they know if that calm, quiet patient is really hurting? They have to keep asking their Asian patients how they feel. In addition, Americans usually don't want sickness to slow them down. Unlike Chinese people, Americans often don't take time off work to rest and get well. They'd rather sneeze and cough all day at the office. Americans who get sick in Asia may protest when Chinese friends suggest they go to the hospital. "I'm not that sick!" they may say. In the U.S., only very sick or injured patients go to hospital. People go to a doctor's office for less serious problems. Like Tina, Americans more often turn to vitamins or over-the-counter drugs to help them get well. Chinese people, however, often head straight for the doctor when they get sick, like Wesley did. They want a prescription to treat their sickness before it gets serious. Chinese patients often just trust their doctors to give them the information they need. Most Americans, however, ask their doctors lots of questions and do research. American patients want to know everything they can about their condition. So, are one culture's attitudes toward health better than the other's? Perhaps not. Tina and Wesley will both recover from their colds. And today, doctors all over the world are sharing treatment methods with each other. In health, as in everything else, we can learn a lot from each other. What is an American way to deal with a cold?
|
[
"Ignore it by sneezing it away.",
"Slow down for some good rest.",
"Turn to the doctor's for medication .",
"Take vitamin pills and drink much water."
] | 3D
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
What impacts an objects ability to reflect light?
|
[
"color pallete",
"weights",
"height",
"smell"
] | 0A
|
college_physics
|
mmlu_labeled
|
A third of Britons are overweight, states a report published in January by the Royal College of Physicians, the result of an 18-month study. About five per cent of children weigh too much, and are likely to stay that way for life; in the mid-twenties-age-long group the proportion of the middle-aged population half are overweight. Fat people risk severe health problems, says the report, including high blood pressure, breathlessness and various forms of heart disease. Smoking is particularly risky for overweight people. The safest way to lose weight is to eat cereals, bread, fruit and vegetables, and cut down on fatty meals, butter and sweet foods. Fad diets so far more than good; slimming machines that vibrate muscles have not been proved useful; saunas merely remove a little body water, and health farms, says the report ,serve as expensive holidays. Exercise is most important to health, the report emphasizes; though it doesn't necessarily reduce weight; it keeps the correct proportion of body muscle. And it isn't only for the young ; from middle age a minimum of 20 minutes of gentle physical jerks should be practiced three times a week. The report advocates several public health measures to fight the common existence of overweight in this country. They include an increase of tax on alcohol to reduce its increasing, and dangerously fattening, consumption; and the provision of more sports facilities by local authorities. Britain's doctors, the report concludes, must learn to be more sympathetic and specific in their advice to the overweight, encouraging a change in eating habits on a long-term basis and taking into account the many-often-complex-reasons why fat people are fat. The passage mainly talks about _ .
|
[
"the cause of Britons' overweight.",
"how to avoid getting overweight",
"Britons' overweight problem.",
"the relations between overweight and health problems."
] | 2C
|
nutrition
|
mmlu_labeled
|
A frog is born in a small river.When he is young,the river is his home.He doesn't know his parents,but he has hundreds of brothers and sisters.He swims about and plays with them all the time.At that time,he doesn't look like his parents.He has no legs and he has a big tail .So he looks like a fish. Later,his tail gets shorter and shorter.And he has four legs and a very short tail.He looks like his parents now. Then, he's going to eat a lot of bad insects . Which of the following is right.'?
|
[
"A baby frog stays at home and knows only his parents.",
"A baby frog looks like a bird and he knows his parents.",
"A baby frog looks like his parents but he doesn't know them.",
"A baby frog looks like a fish and he has a lot of brothers and sisters."
] | 3D
|
college_biology
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Are you concerned about your body image? These days, both women and men are surrounded by magazines and websites full of tips about dieting, exercise and fashion. Not to mention hairstyles! Gone are the days when all men had to think about was wearing a nice suit to be smart and handsome. Things have changed. Now, a survey by the University of the West of England(UWE) has suggested that 80% of men confess to being unhappy about their body. The biggest body issues for them were beer bellies and lack of muscles. Some think this sudden vanity is due to the pressure or influence of role models we see on TV and in magazines. People end up with a perception of what the perfect body should look like. But not everybody wants to put in the effort to have perfect pecs and dazzling white teeth like Arnold Schwarzenegger. An opportunistic entrepreneur has even invented a muscle-enhancing shirt to be worn under a man's clothes to make him look more of a hunk. But Joe Warner, the former editor of Men's Fitness magazine in the UK, thinks the padded shirt is just a gimmick. He thinks many people in the country are obese, or overweight, and should accept they need to do more exercise. Warner says: "I think it's a real shame people still want shortcuts when it doesn't take an awful lot of effort to get to the gym or go for a walk." Exercise is always a good thing. But we mustn't forget that beauty is only skin deep. Character is more important than appearance. So before I head off to the pub, it might be worth spending an hour at the gym. I'm not looking to get a six-pack , but looking healthier would certainly improve my confidence and self-esteem. What about you: how much do you worry about your physique? It can be learned that Joe Warner _ .
|
[
"is the present editor of Men's Fitness magazine in the UK",
"thinks it's right for people to want shortcuts to a good image",
"thinks many people are overweight and should take regular exercise",
"thinks the shirt with soft substances can change the appearance of the body."
] | 2C
|
human_sexuality
|
mmlu_labeled
|
People typically wash their hands seven times a day in the United States, but they do it at a far higher temperature than is necessary to kill germs , a new study says. The energy waste is equivalent to the fuel use of a small country. Amanda R. Carrico, a research assistant professor at the Vanderbilt Institute for Energy and Environment in Tennessee, told National Geographic that hand washing is often "a case where people act in ways that they think are in their best interest, but they in fact have inaccurate beliefs or outdated perceptions." Carrico said, "It's certainly true that heat kills bacteria, but if you were going to use hot water to kill them it would have to be way too hot for you to tolerate." Carrico said that after a review of the scientific literature, her team found "no evidence that using hot water that a person could stand would have any benefit in killing bacteria." Even water as cold as 40degF (4.4degC) appeared to reduce bacteria as well as hotter water, if hands were scrubbed, rinsed and dried properly. Using hot water to wash hands is therefore unnecessary, as well as wasteful, Carrico said, particularly when it comes to the environment. According to her research, people use warm or hot water 64 percent of the time when they wash their hands. Using that number, Carrico's team calculated a significant impact on the planet. "Although the choice of water temperature during a single hand wash may appear unimportant, when multiplied by the nearly 800 billion hand washes performed by Americans each year, this practice results in more than 6 million metric tons of CO2 equivalent emissions annually," she said. The researchers published their results in the July 2013 issue of International Journal of Consumer Studies. They recommended washing with water that is at a "comfortable" temperature, which they noted may be warmer in cold months and cooler in hot ones. This passage is organized in the pattern of _ .
|
[
"fact and opinion",
"cause and effect",
"definition and classification",
"time and events"
] | 0A
|
nutrition
|
mmlu_labeled
|
About how many Earth days does it take the Moon to travel around Earth?
|
[
"1",
"27",
"180",
"365"
] | 1B
|
astronomy
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Which of the following organisms have the greatest effect on an ecosystem because of the changes they make to their environment?
|
[
"bees building a hive in a hollow tree",
"wasps building a nest in a leafy bush",
"beavers building a dam across a stream",
"fish digging a burrow on a river bottom"
] | 2C
|
college_biology
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Suppose you are reading a book. Suppose, too, you suddenly close your eyes. Can you still see the book? "Of course not," you will say. But can you tell why? You would probably say, "When I close my eyes my eyesight cannot get out of my eyes to get to the book. " But this explanation is wrong. You cannot see any object unless light from that object gets into your eyes. Some of the things you see give off light of their own. The sun, the stars, a lighted lamp are examples of that can be seen by their own light. Such things are luminous. Most of the things you see are not giving off light of their own. They are simply reflecting light that falls on them from the sun or some other luminous body. The moon, for example, does not give off any light of its own. It is non-luminous. You see it because sunlight falls on it and some of it reflects in your direction. So moonlight is only second-hand sunlight. When you look at a book, it sends to your eyes some of the light which falls on it, and you see the book. If light could be kept out from where you are so that there would be no light for the book to reflect, then you could not see the book even with your eyes wide open. Light travels so fast that the time in which it travels from the book you are reading to your eyes is so short as if there were no time at all. Light reaches us from the moon, which is about 380,000 kilometres away, in only a little more than a second. _ have light of their own.
|
[
"The sun and the moon",
"The stars and the earth",
"The sun and the stars",
"The moon and the earth"
] | 2C
|
college_physics
|
mmlu_labeled
|
I made a pledge to myself on the way down to the vacation beach cottage. For two weeks I would try to be a loving husband and father. Totally loving. No ifs, ands or buts. The idea had come to me as I listened to a talk on my car radio. The speaker was quoting a Biblical passage about husbands being considerate towards their wives. Then he went on to say, "Love is an act of will. A person can choose to love." To myself, I had to admit that I had been a selfish husband. Well, for two weeks that would change. And it did. Right from the moment I kissed Evelyn at the door and said, "That new yellow sweater looks great on you." "Oh, Tom, you noticed," she said, surprised and pleased, maybe a little puzzled. After the long drive, I wanted to sit and read. Evelyn suggested a walk on the beach. I started to refuse, but then I thought, "Evelyn's been alone here with the kids all the week and now she wants to stay with me." We walked on the beach when the children flew their kites. So it went. Two weeks of not calling the Wall Street firm where I am a director; a visit to the shell museum though I usually hate museums. Relaxed and happy, that's how the whole vacation passed, I made a new pledge to keep on remembering to choose love. There was that went wrong with my experiment, however. Evelyn and I still laugh about it today. Last night at our cottage, preparing for bed, Evelyn stared at me with the saddest expression. "What's the matter?" I asked her. "Tom," she said in a voice filled with sorrow, "do you know anything I don't?" "What do you mean?" "Well...that checkup I had several weeks ago...our doctor...Did he tell you anything about me? Tom, you've been so good to me... Am I dying?" It took a moment for it all to sink in. Then I burst out laughing. "No, honey," I said, wrapping her in my arms. "You're not dying; ." By saying "I'm just starting to live", Tom means that _ .
|
[
"he is just beginning to understand the real meaning of work",
"he is just beginning to enjoy his life as a loving husband",
"he lived an unhappy life before and is now starting to change",
"he is beginning to feel sorry for what he did to his wife"
] | 1B
|
human_sexuality
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Fossil records indicate that Earth was first inhabited by bacteria-like organisms. These organisms
|
[
"were single-celled.",
"had organ systems.",
"were multi-cellular.",
"had small appendages."
] | 0A
|
college_biology
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Over the years, the desert rat has evolved traits that help it live with low supplies of water, what is this an example of?
|
[
"Acquired statistics",
"Acquired interests",
"Acquired characteristics",
"Acquired heuristics"
] | 2C
|
college_biology
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Even if you are naturally shy, these three tricks will help you to quickly build a new social circle in any new city. 1. Take pictures One of the great things about taking pictures at an event or a party is that it gives you an excuse to get in touch with the person later. Everybody loves seeing pictures of themselves, and it's very easy after taking a picture to say "If you'd like I can email it to you". This can be the seed that leads to new connections. 2. Eat alone in public You might feel self-conscious eating by yourself but it has an important benefit: you are much easier to approach when you are alone. People may be afraid of disturbing you or being rude if you talk with someone else. Bring a book or newspaper to read. Plus, having an interesting book with you will give others an excuse tostart a conversation if they've read it. 3. Join a class, sports team, or club Yoga, salsa dancing, volleyball, Toastmasters (a public speaking club), a class for work, etc. Choose a new hobby or continue an old one! These are all great places to meet new people, primarily because you will be made to see the same people over and over again in the class. You will automatically make friends with them if you have a common interest and are made to see each other again. _ will give you an excuse to make friends with the person.
|
[
"Taking photos",
"Eating alone in public",
"Joining a class",
"Reading an interesting book"
] | 0A
|
human_sexuality
|
mmlu_labeled
|
The current Ebola outbreak in western and central Africa has infected at least 3,069 people, including 1,552 dead, making it the largest outbreak in history. Ebola is a deadly virus --about 60 percent of people infected with it have died. How is Ebola doing its harm? When a person becomes infected with Ebola, the virus damages the body's immune cells, which defend against infection, said a researcher at Lancaster University. But if a person's immune system can stand up to this attack, then he is more likely to survive the disease. The patients that survive it best are those who don't get such a bad disadvantage in immune system. But if the body isn't able to get rid of this attack, then the immune system becomes less able to regulate itself. This means the immune system is more likely to run out of control, leading to a drop in blood pressure, multi-organ failure and eventually death. What are the common symptoms of the disease? Fever. Headache. Joint and muscle aches. Weakness. Diarrhea. Vomiting. Stomach pain. Lack of appetite. Chills. Rash. Redness in the eyes. Hiccups. Cough. Sore throat. Chest pain. Difficult breathing or swallowing. Bleeding inside and outside of the body. How to prevent the spread of Ebola? Ebola can be spread primarily via direct contact with patients, specifically the blood and fluids of an infected patient. We should avoid contact with infected patients and objects such as clothing, bedding, and needles used by them. Avoid areas where infections have been reported. For now, the disease has only been confirmed in central and West Africa, four cases in America and Europe. Avoid eating wild-caught bush meat. Researchers have suspected that the disease came to humans via animals, probably through the meat of primates . If you're in an area where the disease has been reported, avoid purchasing, eating, or handling wild game to stay on the safe side. Wear protective medical clothing if you're around infected patients. Extreme caution is necessary. Hospital workers must use masks, gloves, goggles, and gowns, which needed to be worn at all times if you're around infected patients. How Do People Survive Ebola? Doctors don't know for certain who will survive Ebola, and there is no specific treatment or cure for the disease. Although in the minority, some people do recover from infection. Our suggestions include: Maintain your electrolytes and body liquid. Sports drinks can be used. Monitor your blood pressure and control it if necessary. Dropping blood pressure may be a serious sign of infection. Breathe in an oxygen-rich environment. Quickly address any symptoms of infection. Be honest about when and where you're feeling pain. It is true that _ .
|
[
"a certain number of people survive Ebola",
"human has found a special cure for Ebola",
"oxygen can save infected people's lives",
"low blood pressure is surely caused by Ebola"
] | 0A
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
For medical students, real experience begins not in a classroom but at a teaching hospital. These doctors in training are guided. But sometimes accidents happen and the students get injured. For example, they might stick themselves with a needle while treating patients. Such needle sticks are common. But a recent study found that medical students often fail to report them. Failing to report an injury like this can be dangerous if a patient, or a medical worker, has an infectious disease. Researchers at Johns Hopkins University in Baltimore, Maryland, did the study, which involved a survey answered by almost 700 surgeons in training in the United States. Almost 60% said they had suffered needle stick injuries when they were in medical school. Many said they were stuck more than once. Yet nearly half of those whose most recent incident happened in school did not report it to a health office. If they had, they would have been tested to see if they needed treatment to prevent an infection like HIV or hepatitis. Most known cases of HIV or hepatitis are reported, but other possible infections often are not. Martin Makary, the lead author of the study, says medical students who are stuck put themselves and others in danger from infectious diseases. Doctor Makary said, "A needle that goes through the skin needs to be as sharp as possible." Doctors in training may have to do hundreds of stitches in some cases to close the skin after an operation. Doctor Makary said, "I support using _ tip needles which are considered safer. This needle is still sharp enough to go through body tissue, but it does have a blunt tip, so that if it accidentally goes into my finger, it's much less likely to hurt me." How common are needle sticks among health care workers? An estimated 600,000 to 800,000 of these and similar injuries are reported each year in the United States. But Doctor Makary says the real number may be much higher. The study advises doctors to protect their hands by wearing two sets of gloves. It also urges hospitals to establish a special telephone number for medical workers and students to call if they are injured. The idea is for hospitals to send a clear message that there is no reason not to report this kind of accident. Where can this passage most probably be found?
|
[
"In an entertainment magazine",
"In a science magazine",
"In a storybook",
"In science fiction"
] | 1B
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Sea hares are poisonous slugs, with tiny bunny-like tentacles, that float in water currents and ocean waves. They squirt a purple colored chemical that's sticky and smelly
|
[
"to attract a mate",
"to swim in deep waters",
"to ward off predators",
"to color the water"
] | 2C
|
college_biology
|
mmlu_labeled
|
One important attraction of walking is its long-lasting appeal. Whereas jogging and aerobic dancing can _ quickly, walking provides a popular activity that seems to endure. Fitness foundations estimate that 35 million adult Americans walk for exercise every day, with at least 15 million walking two or three times a week. Among the most regular walkers are those 65 years and older--evidence that walking is an exercise that lasts. In addition to its many physical benefits, walking, like other physical activities, has a comforting effect on the psyche. Walking can help you to think more clearly and feel more relaxed. It also can be a sociable activity. An early morning walk around the neighborhood provides an opportunity to chat with friends or simply admire the flowers. Or because it does not require a team or even a partner, walking is something you can do on your own time, by yourself, whenever the mood strikes. Easily affordable, all you need to start walking is enthusiasm and a pair of comfortable and sturdy low-heeled shoes. Dr.ChristineL. Wells recommends an Oxford-style shoe with ties for better foot support; she does not recommend sneakers or other "cheapies". If you plan to walk regularly, you might want to invest in a pair of so-called walking shoes. If so, expect to spend at least $35. For walking during the hotter months, early morning or evening hours are best. Clothes should fit loosely and be lightweight and light-colored. Elderly walkers should consider wearing long sleeves, and all Arizonans need to be particularly concerned about skin cancer. Dr. Wells suggests wearing sunscreen as well as a side-brimmed hat to protect your eyes, ears, nose and back of the neck. Walkers also should drink an adequate amount of water. Wells advises drinking an 8-ounce glass of water before you start out, and more when you return. "If you walk four miles or more a day in Arizona, I also recommend that you carry a water bottle," she says. " And water is just fine; you don't need those fluid-replacement or electrolyte drinks." We may infer from the passage that _ .
|
[
"people in Arizona are easily exposed to strong sunlight.",
"walking is most suitable for those 65 years and older",
"water is better than any other drinks for walkers",
"jogging and dancing don't have any positive effect on the mind."
] | 0A
|
nutrition
|
mmlu_labeled
|
For which of the following purposes would it be most unreasonable to use a census?
|
[
"To determine the proportion of students with a learning disability in a small rural area high school",
"To determine the proportion of red snappers with a high mercury level in the Gulf of Mexico",
"To determine the difference between the proportion of engineering professors and the proportion of business professors in favor of the new teaching initiative at a large university",
"To determine the mean wage earned by construction workers in a small town"
] | 1B
|
high_school_statistics
|
mmlu
|
What is the volume of a large soup pot?
|
[
"4 liters",
"4 milliliters"
] | 0A
|
natural science
|
scienceqa
|
In the early days of the Internet, the idea that it represented an entirely new and separate field distinct from the real world was seized upon by both supporters and critics of the new technology.Supporters liked the idea that the virtual world was a placeless datasphere, liberated from constraints and restrictions of the real world, and an opportunity for a fresh start.For instance, John Perry Barlow, an internet activist, issued the "Declaration of the Independence of Cyberspace" in February 1996.He thundered, "Governments of the industrial world, I come from cyberspace, the new home of mind.Cyberspace does not lie within your borders.We are creating a world that all may enter without privilege or prejudice accorded by race, economic power, military force, or station of birth. Where Mr.Barlow found the separation between the real and virtual worlds exciting, however, critics regarded it as a cause for concern.They worried that people were spending too much time online, communicating with people they had never even met in person in chat rooms, virtual game worlds and, more recently, on social - networking sites such as MySpace and Facebook.A study carried out by the Stanford Institute for the Quantitative Study of Society in 2000, for example, found that heavy internet users spent less time talking to friends and family, and warned that the Internet could be "the ultimate isolating( ) technology". Both groups were wrong, of course.The Internet has not turned out to be a thing apart.Unpleasant aspects of the real world, such as taxes, crime and cheating are now characteristics of the virtual world, too.C'amers who make real money selling swords, gold and other things in virtual game worlds may now find that the tax man wants to know about it.Designers of virtual objects in Second Life, an online virtual world, are seeking to real -world lawsuits in order to protect their intellectual property. At the same time, however, some of the most exciting uses of the Internet rely on combining it with the real world.Social networking allows people to stay in touch with their friends online, and plan social activities in the real world.The distinction between online and offline chatters does not matter any more. All these approaches treat the Internet as an extension or an attachment to the physical world, not a separate space.Rather than seeing the real and virtual fields as distinct and conflicting, in short, it makes sense to see them as complementary and connected. According to the passage, internet supporters believed that _ .
|
[
"cyberspace liberated the real world",
"the virtual world was a place without boundaries",
"cyberspace can be entered by anyone for free",
"the Internet stood for progress of technology"
] | 1B
|
computer_security
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Perhaps you have heard a lot about the Internet, but what is it? The Internet is many different networks around the world. A network is a group of computers put together. These networks joined together are called the Internet. Maybe that doesn't sound interesting. But when we've joined the Internet. There are lots of things we can do. We can have a lot of interest on the World Wide Web (www). We can use the internet instead of a library to find all kinds of information for our homework.. We can find information about our favorite sports or film stars and do shopping on the Internet. We can also send messages to other people by e-mail. It is much cheaper and quicker than calling our friends or sending letters. Thanks to the Internet, the world is becoming smaller and smaller. People can now work at home with a computer in front, getting and sending the information they need. They can buy or sell whatever they want by the Internet. But do you know 98%of the information is English? So what will English be like tomorrow? The Internet can not be used to _ .
|
[
"find information for our homework..",
"get some information about our favorite sports stars.",
"do some shopping.",
"do some housework"
] | 3D
|
college_computer_science
|
mmlu_labeled
|
From the moment that an animal is born it has to make decisions . It has to decide which of the things around it are for eating , and which are to be avoided ; when to attack and when to run away . The animal is , in fact , playing a very dangerous game with its environment , a game in which it must make decision--a matter of life or death . Animals' ability to act reasonably is believed to come partly from what we may call "genetic learning" , which is different from the individual learning that an animal does in the course of its own lifetime . Genetic learning is learning by a species --animals of the same kind--as a whole , and it is achieved by selection of those members of each generation that happen to act in the right way . However , the role of genetic learning depends upon how similar the future environment is to the past . The more important individual experience is likely to be , the less important is genetic learning as a means of getting over the problems of the survival game . Because most animals live in ever changing evironments from one generation to the next , it is not surprising to find that very few species indeed depend wholly upon genetic learning . In the great majority of animals , their particular ways of acting in a new environment are a compound of individual experience added to the action patterns animals are born with .That is why animals can survive . When the environment doesn't change much ,_.
|
[
"animals cannot act in a right way",
"genetic learning is less important for animals",
"individual learning plays a less important role",
"animals cannot get over problems on their on their own"
] | 2C
|
college_biology
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Most people agree that honesty is a good thing. But does Mother Nature agree? Animals can't talk, but can they lie in other ways? Can they lie with their bodies and behavior? Animal experts may not call it lying, but they do agree that many animals, from birds to chimpanzees, behave dishonestly to fool other animals. Why? Dishonesty often helps them survive. Many kinds of birds are very successful at fooling other animals. For example, a bird called the plover sometimes pretends to be hurt in order to protect its young. When a predator gets close to its nest, the plover leads the predator away from the nest. How? It pretends to have a broken wing. The predator follows the "hurt" adult, leaving the baby birds safe in the nest. Another kind of bird, the scrub jay, buries its food so it always has something to eat. Scrub jays are also thieves. They watch where others bury their food and steal it. But clever scrub jays seem to know when a thief is watching them. So they go back later, unbury the food, and bury it again somewhere else. Birds called cuckoos have found a way to have babies without doing much work. How? They don't make nests. Instead, they get into other birds' nests secretly. Then they lay their eggs and fly away. When the baby birds come out, their adoptive parents feed them. _ After a fight, the losing chimp will give its hand to the other. When the winning chimp puts out its hand, too, the chimps are friendly again. But an animal expert once saw a losing chimp take the winner's hand and start fighting again. Chimps are sneaky in other ways, too. When chimps find food that they love, such as bananas, it is natural for them to cry out. Then other chimps come running. But some clever chimps learn to cry very softly when they find food. That way, other chimps don't hear them, and they don't need to share their food. As children, many of us learn the saying "You can't fool Mother Nature." But maybe you can't trust her, either. Which of the following is true according to the passage?
|
[
"Some chimps lower their cry to keep food away from others.",
"The losing chimp won the fight by taking the winner's hand.",
"Cuckoos fool their adoptive parents by making no nests.",
"Some clever scrub jays often steal their food back."
] | 0A
|
college_biology
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Which source of data about Nevada resources is likely to be most current and reliable?
|
[
"a science encyclopedia",
"an article in a local newspaper",
"a government-maintained website",
"a student's classroom presentation"
] | 2C
|
natural_science
|
ai2_arc_challenge
|
Ever wonder why sometimes a hug is all you need ? You can't explain it , but there's just something comforting about being in your wife's arms after a rough day or giving mom a hug after a long time apart . A new study says the warm feeling in a hug is more than just skin deep . Researchers from the University of California , Berkeley believe that this loving feeling could have anti-aging benefits . Oxytocin , sometimes referred to as the " love hormone " or the " trust hormone , " is responsible for those indescribable feelings we get when we're bonding with a lover or a loved one . Levels of the hormone drop as we age , and evidence suggests that could be a contributing factor to the _ of our bodies as we age . Muscle loss in particular is one of the major side effects of aging , with our bodies losing up to 5 percent of our muscle mass each decade past our 30s . In the study , published in the journal Nature Communications , researchers injected oxytocin into older mice with muscle damage . The older mice had lower levels of the homeone than younger mice initially . But after nine days , the older mice who were given the hormone healed better than those who did not . In fact , their ability to repair muscle damage was up to 80 percent that of the younger mice . The results were not only fast-acting , but provide hope for future uses of the hormone in a variety of anti-aging capacities . " This is good because it demonstrates that extra oxytocin improves aged tissue stem cells without making muscle stem cells divide uncontrollably , " study co-author Wendy Cousins said in a statement . Previous uses of anti-aging molecules have also been associated with higher cancer risk , but researchers are hopeful that oxytocin can be useful in humans without this risk . In the future , researchers of Berkeley say oxytocin could be used to fight other age-related health issues by improving bone health and even being used as an alternative to hormone replacement therapy . Now go out and give someone a hug . According to the passage , oxytocin _ .
|
[
"decreases when people get older",
"creates loving feeling on the skin",
"leads to the great loss of muscles",
"can be used in humans without any risk"
] | 0A
|
human_aging
|
mmlu_labeled
|
In today's society , every day we may face some kinds of stress and difficulties from work, school or family. They can influence both our bodies and our minds. So learning how to deal with stress is very important for keeping healthy. Well, how do we reduce stress. In my opinion , the best ways are exercise and to make contact with nature . For example, we don't have to go to a gym or spend much money on exercise fact, walking or riding to work are all suitable for exercise. The second way of dealing with stress to make contact with nature. You can take many ways, including walking in the forests ,hiking in the mountains or walking in the garden is very great and if you can make contact with her, you can enjoy the smell and the sight of green plants and then let us feel _ Some of these activities can let you get exercise, but also you can enjoy the beauty of your garden every day. So, take my advice and start now, if you meet some kinds of pressure in your work or study. Good luck! If you want to exercise you don't have to _ .
|
[
"do housework",
"walk",
"go to a gym",
"ride a bike"
] | 2C
|
nutrition
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Helen's eyes are not very good, so she wears glasses. But she doesn't wear glasses when she is with her friend, Jim. When Jim comes to her house to take her out, she will take her glasses off, and when she gets back, she puts on the glasses. One day her mother asks her, "Helen, why don't you wear glasses when you are with Jim? He takes you to many lovely places in his car, but you can't see anything. " Helen says, "I look more lovely to Jim when I'm not wearing my glasses and he looks better to me, too. " Which sentence is right?
|
[
"Helen doesn't like Jim.",
"Helen wants to look more lovely.",
"Jim doesn't like glasses.",
"Helen's mother knows Helen very much."
] | 1B
|
human_sexuality
|
mmlu_labeled
|
If you want to be a Success,study at the University of Waikato is right for you. The university is internationally recognized for its excellence and achievements. It will help you develop advanced research skills. As a university student you can get first-class research facilities with trained teachers to help,support and advise you in your study. We pride ourselves on our high standards,our research success and our international recognition. For further information:inf @ waikato. ac. nz. Degree We offer a wide choice of bachelor's degrees for international students,which includes:Arts,Communication Studies,Social Sciences,etc. Bachelor of Music and Bachelor of Education are only for prefix = st1 /New Zealandcitizens. For further information:deg @ waikato. ac. nz. Tuition Fees Tuition fees are different from department to department,generally from $ 5,000 to $ 6,000 a year. For further information:tui @ waikato. ac. nz. Accommodation You can have a room in a 4-bedroom flat,which will cost about $ 100 a month with other regular living costs of about $ 150 a month for one person. For further information:acc @ waikato. ac. nz. Health The Student Health Service provides excellent medical services for students. The Medical Centre is open five days a week,including student holidays with four doctors and nurses to meet your medical needs. For further information:heal @ waikato. ac. nz. Sports The Centre is a great place to have sports activities. Trained exercise teachers can help you work out a training plan and keep you active. The sports hall has volleyball,basketball and indoor football courts and a swimming pool as well. There are also a large number of sports clubs at Waikato. For further information:sports @ waikato. ac. nz. You have to pay at least_a year if you study at theUniversityofWaikato.
|
[
"$5,250",
"$8,000",
"$9,000",
"$11,000"
] | 1B
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
A study made by University of Sussex found that men and women who frequently used several types of technology at the same time had less grey matter in a key part of the brain . The researchers said : " Simultaneously , using mobile phones , laptops and other media devices could change the structure of our brains . " Worryingly , the part of the brain that shrinks is involved in processing emotion . The finding has linked multi-tasking with a shortened attention span , depression , anxiety and lower grades at school . The researchers began by asking 75 healthy men and women how often they divided their attention between different types of technology . This could mean sending a text message while listening to music and checking email , or speaking on the phone while watching TV and surfing the web . The volunteers were then given brain scans which showed they had less grey matter in a region called the anterior cingulated cortex ( ACC ) . The findings held even when differences in personality were taken into account . The study , published in the journal PLOS ONE , is the first to make a link between multi-tasking and the structure of the brain . Researcher KepKeeLoh said : " Media multi-tasking is become more popular in our lives today and there is growing concern about its impacts on our cognition and social-emotional well-being . " He added that more researches are needed to prove that multi-tasking shrinks the brain . This is because it is also possible that people with less grey matter in the ACC are more likely to use lots of devices simultaneously . Scientists have previously described brain structure can be altered on prolonged exposure to new environments and experience . Other studies have shown that training - such as learning magic or taxi drivers learning the map of London - can increase grey matter densities in certain parts . How does the researcher , KepKeeLoh , feel about the study ?
|
[
"Surprised .",
"Cautious .",
"Disappointed .",
"Confused ."
] | 1B
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Which is the smoothest?
|
[
"metal trombone",
"burlap sack",
"asphalt road"
] | 0A
|
natural science
|
scienceqa
|
A teacher can grade 20 papers during an uninterrupted planning period and 10 papers for each hour he spends at home grading. What function models the number of papers he can grade given that he has 2 uninterrupted planning periods and x full hours devoted to grading at home?
|
[
"20 + 2x",
"20x + 10",
"40x + 10",
"40 + 10x"
] | 3D
|
high_school_mathematics
|
mmlu
|
Many people have long dreamed of being able to fly around as simply as riding a bicycle. Yet the safety and strength of a flying bike was always a big problem. Over the past 10 years, developments in technology have moved the dream of personal flying vehicles closer to reality. Now, two groups of inventors say such vehicles may be available very soon. Grant Stapleton from Malloy Aeronautics says the Hoverbike, which is able to get in and out of small spaces very quickly, will be a truly personal flying vehicle. "It can be moved across continents very quickly because it can be folded and packed," he adds. Mr. Stapleton says safety was the company's main concern when developing the Hoverbike. He ays the designers solved the safety issue by using overlapping rotors to power the vehicle. The company is testing both a one-third size model and a full-size prototype of the Hoverbike. Inventors say their Hoverbike will most likely be used first by the police and emergency rescue teams. In New Zealand, the Martin Aircraft Company is also testing a full-size prototype of its personal flying bike, called Jetpack. It can fly for more than 30 minutes, up t0 1,000 meters high and reach a speed of 74 kilometers per hour. Peter Coker is the CEO of Martin Aircraft Company. He said Jetpack "is built around safety from the start, " In his words, "reliability is the most important part of it. We have safety built into the actual structure itself, very similar to a Formula One racing car. " Jetpack uses a gasoline-powered engine that produces two powerful jet streams. Mr. Coker says it also has a parachute that can be used should there be an emergency. "It opens at a very low altitude and actually saves both the aircraft and the pilot in an emergency," he adds. What's the main concern the two companies share?
|
[
"Safety.",
"Speed.",
"Size.",
"Design."
] | 0A
|
computer_security
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Recently a study, led by Pedro Hallal of the Federal University, suggests that nearly a third of adults, 31%, are not getting enough exercise. That rates of exercise have declined is hardly a new discovery. Since the beginning of the industrial revolution, technology and economic growth have helped to create a world in which taking exercise is more and more an option rather than a necessity. But only recently have enough good data been collected from enough places to carry out the sort of analysis Dr Hallal and his colleagues have engaged in. There are common themes in different places. Unsurprisingly, people in rich countries are less active than those in poor ones, and old people are less active than young ones. Less obviously, women tend to exercise less than men--34% are inactive, compared with 28% of men. But there are exceptions. The women of Croatia, Finland, Iraq and Luxembourg, for example, move more than their male countrymen. Malta wins the race for most _ country, with 72% of adults getting too little exercise, and Swaziland and Saudi Arabia are in close behind, with 69%. In Bangladesh, just 5% of adults fail to exercise enough. Surprisingly, six Americans in ten are active enough according to Dr Hallal's study, compared with fewer than four in ten British. These high rates of inactivity are worrying. Human beings seem to have evolved to benefit from exercise while deliberately avoiding it whenever they can. In a state of nature it would be impossible to live a life that did not provide enough of it. But that is no longer the case. Actually lack of enough activity these days has nearly the same effect on life span as smoking. What can be the best title for the text?
|
[
"Worldwide Lack of Enough Exercise",
"New Health Discovery",
"Evolvement of Human Beings",
"Benefits of Taking Exercise"
] | 0A
|
nutrition
|
mmlu_labeled
|
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