question
stringlengths 4
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5
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Can you imagine a classroom without one thing that has long been considered a necessary part? No notebooks, no textbooks, no test papers. Nor are there any pencils or pens, which always seem to run out of ink at the _ moment. A "Paperless classroom" is what more and more schools are trying to realize. Students don't do any handwriting in this class. Instead, they use hand-sized or specially-designed computers. The teacher downloads texts from Internet libraries and sends them to every student's personal computer. Having computers also means that students can use the Web. They can look up information on any subject they're studying, from maths to social science. A high school teacher, Judy Herrel in Florida, US, described how her class used the Web. "Using a book that's three or four years old is impossible," she said. A paperless classroom is a big step towards reducing the waste of paper. "Think about the money and trees we could save with the computers," she said. But, with all this technology, there's always a risk that the machines will break down. So, in case of a power failure or a technical problem, paper textbooks should still be widely available for these students. You are sure to find _ in a paperless classroom.
|
[
"pens",
"computers",
"test papers",
"notebooks"
] | 1B
|
college_computer_science
|
mmlu_labeled
|
What information supports the conclusion that Julia inherited this trait?
|
[
"Julia's biological parents have red hair. Julia also has red hair.",
"Julia's neighbor also has straight hair.",
"Julia's biological mother often wears her straight hair in a ponytail."
] | 2C
|
natural science
|
scienceqa
|
Music lessons may improve memory and learning ability in your children by promoting different patterns of brain development, a study shows. After a year of musical training, children aged between 4 and 6 performed better at a standard memory test than did children who were not taught music.The findings suggest that music could be useful for building the learning capacity of your minds. Earlier studies have shown that older children given music lessons become better at IQ tests than those who are musically untrained, but this is the first to show such a benefit in children so young. Professor Laurek Trainor, of McMaster University in Hamilton, Ontario, also found clear differences in the ways in which children's brains responded to sound after a year of musical training.'This is the first study to show that brain responses in young, musically trained and untrained children change differently over the course of a year," she said."These changes are likely to be related to the cognitive( )benefit that is seen with musical training." Professor Trainer's team looked at 12 children, 6 of whom had just started extra-curricular music lessons and 6 of whom were not being taught any music except that included as a standard part of their school curriculum . During the year all 12 children had their brains examined four times using magneto-encephalography (MEG), and each child was played two types of sound --white noise and a violin tone.The MEG measurements showed that all children responded more to violin sounds than to white noise, reflecting a preferable for meaningful tones, and their response times fell over the course of the year as their brains matured. It can be concluded from the text that _ .
|
[
"the study is the first one on the effect of musical training on children's brains",
"scientists got no valuable results from the earlier studies on the topic",
"children musically trained remember things better than those untrained",
"older children get more benefit from musical training than younger ones"
] | 2C
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
The World Health Organization(WHO)planned to study the relationship between the eating habits of the people and the disease.Two doctors were chosen to make the study. They flew to Africa south of the Sahara and during the next two months visited ten countries.They found that serious diseases of poor eating, often mistaken for other diseases, existed in all parts of Africa.The diseases were similar and could therefore all be named kwashiorkor .The diseased children are usually from one to four years old.As the illness progresses, the child's stomach becomes swollen by liquid collecting in the body.The skin changes colour and may break out in open sores.The hair changes colour and starts to fall out.The patient loses all interest in his surroundings and even in food, and becomes so weak that he wants to lie down all the time.Stomach liquids are no longer produced. The doctors reasoned that kwashiorkor was found in the young children of this age in many parts of Africa because of lack of milk or meat.Their mothers gave them foods full of starches instead of greatly needed proteins.They found that the addition of milk to the food of children suffering from kwashiorkor saved many lives. It is difficult to discover kwashiorkor because _ .
|
[
"it has no viruses",
"it does not last long",
"it is hard to see signs of it",
"it is like other diseases"
] | 3D
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Which likely has the highest force exerted upon it?
|
[
"the palm of your hand",
"a pillow for sleeping",
"a home run baseball",
"a button on a keyboard"
] | 2C
|
high_school_physics
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Promised yourself to quit smoking in the new year, but just can't stop lighting up? You're not alone, with an Australian survey showing that only 3 percent of smokers who made such resolutions stuck with them. An online poll of just over 1,000 people, conducted ahead of the launch of a video game designed to help smokers quit, showed one in four Australians made New Year's resolutions to quit ---- but more than half went back on their word within a week.Some 15 percent lit up within hours of making the pledge, the survey showed, The research revealed that seven out of ten smokers have tried to kick the habit at some point. "Our research shows that the majority of smokers in Australia want to quit but are struggling to stick to their resolution.For most people, the desire to stop smoking is not enough, "Edward Fong, general manager of Ubisoft, the videogame manufacturer selling the anti-- smoking software, said in a statement. According to the survey, Australian smokers light up an average of 13.8 cigarettes every day or 5,037 cigarettes a year.There are currently 2.63 million smokers in Australia, which equates to 16 percent of the population over the age of 18, with women on average making more attempts to quit than men.The World Health Organization says smoking kills about 4 million people each year, causing a quarter of deaths related to heart disease.The organization estimates that by 2030, more than 8 million people will die from tobacco - related causes each year, mainly in developing countries. The research shows that _ .
|
[
"some 70% of smokers have quitted smoking",
"about 15% of smokers give up smoking only a few hours",
"the number of men smokers are more than that of women ones",
"all the smokers want to quit smoking"
] | 1B
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Who wants to carry a _ bag to school? No children. Nobody wants one shoulder to be lower than the other, and paining too. In India, most of us would look at the reduction of textbooks as a way out. But in a country like America, there are always more choices. A company called Goreader has created a "school bag" which is the size of a laptop computer, weighing about 2.5kg. The Goreader has a colour screen and can "hold" all the textbooks that a student may need, says a report in "The Asian Age" newspaper. The company plans to work closely with the publishers of test books so that these books can be supplied on the Internet. All the students will have to download their textbooks. Making notes and marking important parts of a lesson can be done just as lots of students have done on their textbooks before. At present, the plan is being tested out in a university. Richard Katzmann, the owner of the company is having his creation tested at Chicago's DePaul University, where he studied. Does that mean it is goodbye to the newspaper, and the smell of the black ink? The Goreader may be a machine _ .
|
[
"that can work as a teacher",
"that can be used as textbooks",
"that can cheat students.",
"that can hurt students"
] | 1B
|
college_computer_science
|
mmlu_labeled
|
When scientists publish papers describing the results and conclusions of their experiments, members of the scientific community should
|
[
"collect their own data and rewrite the paper.",
"evaluate the evidence in the paper.",
"accept the paper as fact.",
"ask the writer to write an alternate paper."
] | 1B
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Looking back on my childhood. I am convinced that naturalists are born and not made. Although we were brought up in the same way, my brothers and sisters soon abandoned their pressed flowers and insects. Unlike them, I had no ear for music and languages. I was not an early reader and I could not do mental arithmetic. Before Word War I we spent our summer holidays in Hungary. I have only the dim memory of the house we lived in, of my room and my toys. Nor do I recall clearly the large family of grandparents, aunts, uncles and cousins who gathered next door. But I do have a crystal clear memory of dogs, the farm animals, the local birds and above all, the insects. I am a naturalist, not a scientist. I have a strong love of the natural world, and my enthusiasm has led me into varied investigations. I love discussing my favorite topics and enjoy burning the midnight oil reading about other people's observations and discoveries. Then something happens that brings these observations together in my conscious mind. Suddenly you fancy you see the answer to the riddle. Because it all seems to fit together .This has resulted in my publishing 300 papers and books. Which some may light honor, with the title of scientific research. But curiosity a keen eye, a good memory and enjoyment of the animal and plant world do not make a scientist? One of the outstanding and essential qualities required is self-discipline, a quality I lack. A scientist can be made a naturalist. If you can combine the two, you get the best of both worlds. The author can't remember him relatives clearly because _
|
[
"He didn't live very long with them",
"He was too young when he lived with them.",
"The family was extremely large",
"He was fully occupied with observing nature."
] | 3D
|
college_biology
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Scientists have discovered a gene that plays a role in violence in men ill-treated in childhood.The discovery could explain why some experience unhappy childhoods and go on to normal lives, while others turn to violence, crime of antisocial deeds. But it will also restart another argument. Terrie Moffitt and Avshalom Caspi report in Science today that one common form of a gene in the brain makes men more likely to be violent--but only if they have experienced cruelty or rejection in childhood . The researchers followed up the life histories of 442 boys born in New Zealand in 1972. Of these, 154 had been ill-treated in the first 10 years, 33 of them badly. They had either experienced sexual attack, beatings or rejection by mother or stepparents. Of the 154 children , 55 had a less active variant of a gene called MAOA, and 99 had the more active variant . The 55 boys were more than twice as likely to have been in trouble as the other ill-treated group . They made up 12% of the total, but were responsible for 44% of all crimes from among the 442 boys. Prof Moffitt thought a "violence" gene had not been discovered. Boys with the less active form who were not ill-treated during childhood lived normal lives. "It is very common in the population. One third of us have it." she said, "So the gene doesn't do much of anything, it doesn't cause any trouble in any way, unless we are also ill -treated". The gene might also show the ability to bear mental stress. The army or the police might examine the applicants to see if they have the more active form . But the discovery also raises the argument that people with the less active form of the gene could be social dangers, to be treated with medicine. "This research can easily lead people to fix social problems through medical treatment," said David King of the UK Gene Alert Group. We can learn from the passage that those men who have stronger ability to bear mental stress usually_.
|
[
"have the more active variant of gene",
"have the less active variant of the gene",
"had ill-treated childhood",
"had no ill-treated childhood"
] | 0A
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
On Thursday October 3, Adam Harper decided to stop drinking coffee. Adam is a MBA student at Harvard University. He studies long hours, gets very little sleep and as a result, he drinks a lot of coffee---anywhere from five to six cups a day. Recently, Adam felt that drinking thus much coffee was making it hard for him to sleep at all. He also began having problems with his concentration , and complained of stomachaches. Adam's doctor made this suggestions: stop drinking coffee altogether. When Adam got up on October 3, he began his day without his morning coffee. By 11:00 a.m., Adam was in a terrible mood . He was tired and had a headache. At 11:30, he had a meeting with his student advisor. In the meeting, he found it almost impossible to continue. What was going on? Caffeine, a chemical found in coffee, was most likely the reason for how Adam felt. Caffeine is a stimulant that boosts energy levels and improves concentration- but only for a short time. Lowering caffeine consumption often causes a drop in blood pressure and the result is a "coffee headache", People who stop drinking coffee often say they feel tired and moody, and find it hard to focus. The good news is that these feeling usually pass after four and five days. During this time, doctors suggested taking some aspirin for the headache. So, if Adam can wait, in less than a week, he may be feeling much better. We learn from the reading Adam _ .
|
[
"does researches on caffeine.",
"had some problems because of coffee.",
"still drinks 5 to 6 cups of coffee a day",
"can never be feeling better"
] | 1B
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
"Babies are supposed to instinctually know who they daddy is," Gerald, Dooriya's daddy, said, holding Dooriya before him."But she don't recognize nothing." Everybody had something to say about raising my baby, but none of them actually did any raising.Taking Dooriya to see the ocean had become the only thing that kept me from feeling like my life was an everlasting losing race, this vision of what could be for my little girl.When I told Momma about my plans to visit the lighthouse at Cape Hatteras, she just spun her broken record. "That baby'11 never understand a thing of what she's seeing." "My baby book says I should treat her just like any other child.It's good to show her beautiful things even if she don't know what she's seeing.It helps her brain develop.How's her brain gonna develop if all she ever sees is the walls inside this crummy house?" "That child's brain ain't never gonna develop.We love her, but it's not like she's ever gonna not be a Mongoloid ." I had read a half-dozen books about Down Syndrome that said stimulation might improve a child's chances of developing to her fullest potential.And what's more stimulating than a trip to see the ocean? Guidebooks described the area as the land of beginnings, which I liked the sound of.But before I could map out a plan, I woke up one night when Dooriya hiccupped .Then she just stopped breathing.The ER doctor gave me a pamphlet on SIDS (sudden infant death syndrome) and said, children with Down Syndrome are much more likely to be affected by this sort of thing. I didn't remember much about driving to Cape Hatteras, especially taking Dooriya from the hospital. But up on that lighthouse, with its broad spiral running up and around it like a black and white barber's pole, I saw my life twist into the air. As I climbed the winding stairs, I counted the steps, 268 in all, stopping on 77, Dooriya's very number of days on this planet.At the top, I held Dooriya up to the Atlantic, its cold air raising the thin soft hair on her head.With her eyes closed and her arms spread out, it looked like she was bathing in the warmth of the sun. Did anybody else besides her mother actually take the responsibility to raise the baby?
|
[
"The father.",
"The grandma.",
"Nobody.",
"The doctor."
] | 2C
|
human_sexuality
|
mmlu_labeled
|
A sample of an unknown chloride compound was dissolved in water, and then titrated with excess Pb(NO3)2 to create a precipitate. After drying, it is determined there are 0.0050 mol of precipitate present. What mass of chloride is present in the original sample?
|
[
"0.177 g",
"0.355 g",
"0.522 g",
"0.710 g"
] | 1B
|
high_school_chemistry
|
mmlu
|
Just like any relationship, best friendships depend on trust, promise, respect and interests. When any of these elements is missing, the friendship will be hard to go on. If the trust is totally broken, you may not be able to forgive him/her. Sometimes a friendship ends because either you or your friend gets tired of putting the heart into it. This can happen when one of you finds a new friend or even a new hobby that takes up much time. Or, perhaps you find the relationship is always going in an unhealthy way and you want some distance. Other times, you simply change and want to leave each other. Sure, it seems sad at the time, but it's completely normal. Not all friendships are meant to last forever. So, what should you do if something like this happens to you? Read on for some friendly advice. Whatever the reason you're breaking up with your best friend, always remember that he/she was once super important to you. Take the time to sit down privately and tell him/her what's going on and why. Don't send him/her an unpleasant e-mail or just start ignoring him/her. In fact, maybe he/she has known there's a problem and would be willing to have a heart-to-heart chat. If you're not sure about wanting an end forever, you could suggest you two take a break from each other. If, after a while, you realize why you became the best friends in the beginning, you can try getting back to your former behaviors. Whatever you do, be honest about your feelings while having respect for his/hers. And if you both agree the _ thing is over, make sure not to be enemies. What can be the best title for this passage?
|
[
"Four basic elements of friendship.",
"Friendly advice on reading.",
"What to do with friendship in trouble?",
"When to be friends or enemies?"
] | 2C
|
human_sexuality
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Complete the statement.
Bromomethane is ().
|
[
"an elementary substance",
"a compound"
] | 1B
|
natural science
|
scienceqa
|
Fast food advertisements greatly influence teens' eating habits and advertisers are increasingly targeting them with a wide range of promotions. Fast food advertisements significantly affect teens' eating habits, leading to consequences such as obesity. TV Advertising The television is the largest source of food ads to teens. It is worth noting that TV watching may not be the chief cause of obesity, but rather the fast food commercials. This implies that fast food commercials greatly influence teens' eating habits, since food is the most advertised item on television. Online Advertising The Internet has become part of a teen's daily life. Fast food manufacturers have taken advantage of this to target teenagers with food commercials. McDonald's corporation has created websites such as 365Black.com. which target minority groups. MeEncanta. com is a McDonald's website that targets Latino youth, who are four and a half times more likely than other youth to visit the site. Eating Habits There is a strong connection between teens' eating habits and fast food commercials. In a study of more than 12,000 teenagers to inquire into the effects of fast food advertising on teenagers, teens who spent more than two hours watching commercial TV were likely to allow themselves to eat more unhealthy foods like fast foods, sugary drinks and snacks than those who did not. Obesity Teens who view fast food ads are at a higher risk of becoming overweight than those who do not, reports the American Academy of Pediatrics. In a survey of 3,342 youths aged between 15 and 23 researchers found that a higher percentage of obese and overweight participants identified with fast food ads. What's the author's attitude to fast food advertisements?
|
[
"Objective.",
"Favorable.",
"Critical.",
"Doubtful."
] | 2C
|
nutrition
|
mmlu_labeled
|
What is a seedling?
|
[
"a small, young plant",
"an old plant",
"a part of a seed"
] | 0A
|
natural science
|
scienceqa
|
In American crime movies, policemen search crime scenes for anything that might belong to a criminal-- bits of fingernail , blood or hair-- in order to find out who they are. What they hope to find is the key to their identity--their DNA. DNA is the chemical that contains a person's genetic makeup. Every person, except for identical twins, has unique DNA information. That is why we can use it to identify someone. There is no doubt that DNA evidence is becoming a very powerful tool for law enforcement officers. In the US, all 50 states and the federal government keep DNA databases of some criminals after they have been convicted . Whenever a crime happens, the police collect DNA from the crime scene and compare this with samples they already have in the criminal database. If they match any suspect in the database, then they've caught their criminal. Even if they don't, the DNA sample can still be used to determine the person's sex, height, hair and eye color1 and other characteristics. This helps police to create a physical profile of the criminal. Some people feel that the database should be made bigger to contain everyone's DNA and help to solve many more crimes. This would also avoid mistakes when someone is wrongly convicted of a crime. DNA doesn't make mistakes. However, other people are worried that it would violate their privacy. Someone's DNA can be used to gather information such as the person's family and ethnic background, whether he or she has a gene mutation or certain genetic diseases, and other personal issues. People are afraid that this information might be used inappropriately. They may fear that employers might read it and treat them differently. People may also be afraid that personal data might get into the hands of insurance firms or loan companies. For example, if they knew from your DNA that you had a genetic risk of a serious disease, they might be able to refuse you life insurance, a loan, or even a job. Clearly, the use of DNA evidence will continue to help the police solve crimes. However, social and ethical concerns about DNA will also remain a topic of debate. Some people suggest building a database containing everyone's DNA because _ .
|
[
"it would mean fewer people commit crimes.",
"it would make it more convenient for the government to gather information",
"it would help the police identify suspects more efficiently and accurately",
"such a database could be helpful in many more fields besides solving crimes"
] | 2C
|
college_biology
|
mmlu_labeled
|
In the near future, all housework will be done without having a robot maid. Smart home technology will allow all sorts of electronics and appliances to be able to communicate with each other and perform various tasks. Whenever someone wants to have a snack, but does not feel like making something, why not have the refrigerator suggest something based on what it has inside of it. Not only that, it would communicate with the microwave to prepare the cooking power and time for that particular dish. Nearly all major appliances in the future will take advantage of this technology through home networks and the Internet. Smart home technology is a way for ordinary electronics and appliances to communicate with each other, consumers, and even manufacturers. Many consider a smart home to be one that is networked. Others feel it is a home that has appliances that will allow the consumer to do little or no work, but a smart home really is all of that combined, and more. Not only will all consumer products be networked, but they will also make life easier and more entertaining. Smart home technology is currently being developed and carried out for all rooms in the house, in particular the kitchen and the living room. Many of today's products are becoming "smart." Kitchen refrigerators, microwaves, and stoves are using this technology. Even washers and dryers have the technology today to be more automated to fit people's needs. Products in the bathroom will even start to use smart home technology. Electric razors, toilets, and showers will have some sort of automation built in. Smart home technology is still in its early stages but will soon make a great effect on everyone's lives. Because of smart home technology, electronics and appliances can _ .
|
[
"work at the same time",
"communicate with each other",
"act as a bridge between consumers and manufacturers",
"work more effectively"
] | 1B
|
computer_security
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Yang Liwei circled the earth 14 times in 21 hours on October 15 and 16, 2003, landing on the grasslands of Inner Mongolia. Looking a little tired, Yang stepped out of Shenzhou V, smiling and waving at the waiting people. "I feel very good." Yang said to Premier Wen Jiabao on the phone. Yang said to a newspaper, "For our motherland and me, this is a great moment." China's _ of Shenzhou V shows a higher starting point. It has two special systems to protect the spaceman, but neither Russian rockets nor American ones have. Yang didn't know that he was chosen as China's first spaceman until just before the launch. Although Yang was excited at the news, he still slept at 8p.m. as usual and was woken up at 8p.m. the next morning. Before the launch, Yang ate Chinese traditional food-dumplings. We all know that travelers usually eat them before going on a journey for good luck. A stamp Success of China First Manned Space Flight was issued on October 16, 2003, making China the third country to send a spaceman into outer space. Which of the following statement is right?
|
[
"There is no difference between China's spaceship and other countries.",
"Yang Liwei knew he would be China's first spaceman long before.",
"From the news, Yang Liwei was too excited to fall asleep.",
"Yang was proud of the flight."
] | 3D
|
astronomy
|
mmlu_labeled
|
How long does it take to do ten jumping jacks?
|
[
"21 minutes",
"21 seconds"
] | 1B
|
natural science
|
scienceqa
|
Dear Cary, I'm writing because I've understood you've struggled with alcoholism .I've been fighting mine ever since I went through 9-11.After that, _ .I've taken some medicine and it has helped somewhat.I can manage about a month without drinking, but after that I end up having a crazy stage where nothing matters except drinking.After a week or so of heavy drinking,! start having nightmares of people jumping.After that, it's a week of not being able to get out of bed. I was supposed to travel to a conference but didn't make it because I got so drunk at the airport that I fell down on my face and spent the rest of the day in the emergency room.I have been hiding from my family since then.Fortunately they won't be expecting me to come back for a week or so.Otherwise, they would notice the bump on my forehead and two black eyes. I don't really know what I'm asking you.Cary, I need a way out that doesn't involve causing pain to my family.I'm taking medicine, but' I still have these attacks every few months.If there's alcohol in the house, I can't stay away from it.It seems that this will never end.I'm afraid of what will happen if something bad happens, like a family member dying, or getting fired again. Thanks for reading. Yours T We know from the passage that Cary _ .
|
[
"is probably a recovered alcoholic",
"never suffered from alcoholism",
"likes to talk about the details of his life",
"is a doctor on treating alcoholism"
] | 0A
|
human_sexuality
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Which change better matches the sentence?
The farms in an area get covered by water after heavy rain.
|
[
"earthquake",
"flood"
] | 1B
|
natural science
|
scienceqa
|
Computers are very important to modern life.Many people think that in the future computers will be used in lots of everyday life.It is thought that we won't have to go shopping because we will be able to get most things which are sold in shops on the Internet.There will be no more books because we will be able to get all texts from computers.The Internet will be used to play games, see films and buy food.Most telephone calls will be made by computers, too. Some people are glad about those new ways of shopping and communicating .Others do not think that computers will replace our old ways. Some people think that one day we will not read books made of paper. Instead, we will buy and read books using computers, which will keep many different books in them at the same time.We won't need to turn lots of pages and paper will be saved.Computerized books will be used more and more. While many people say it is a pleasure to go into shops and look at things you want to buy.It is also unlikely that many people will want to read large texts on our computers. Because paper books will perhaps be more friendly.Maybe computers won't change these two habits. Which of the following is mentioned in the passage?
|
[
"Computers can help us e-mail our friends.",
"We can chat by using computers.",
"Computers can help us make telephone calls.",
"We can listen to the music by computers."
] | 2C
|
college_computer_science
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Baths and bathing have been considered of an important medical therapy to man. In Greece there are the ruins of a bath tub and water system built over 3 000 years ago. The Romans had warm public baths. In some public baths as many 3 000 persons could bathe at the same time. Treating diseases by bathing has been popular for centuries. Modern medical bathing, or _ , first became popular in Europe and by the late 1 700's also became popular in the United States. For many years frequent bathing was believed to be bad for one's health. Ordinary bathing just to be clean was avoided, and perfume was used to cover up body and smell. By the 1 700's doctors began to say that soap and water were good for health. They believed that it was good for people to be clean. Slowly, people began to bathe more frequently. In the United States ordinary bathing was slow to become popular. During the 18th and early 19th centuries, many Americans were known as "the great unwashed". In one American city, for example, a person could only take a bath every 30 days! That was a law. Frequency of bathing today is partly a matter of habit. People know that bathing for cleanliness is important to health. Doctors know that dirty bodies increase that chance of disease. Therefore in the United States people generally bathe often. The passage is mainly about _ .
|
[
"bathing in the USA",
"the good points and bad points of bathing",
"the history of bathing",
"the modern medical bathing"
] | 2C
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Avalanches are one of those natural disasters that can cause great damage and only Mother Nature knows when and where they are going to occur. Even with modern technology it is still impossible to know exactly when or where one is going to occur. Mountain climbers are wise to be careful, as avalanches kill many of them each year. The physics of how and why an avalanche occurs is complex. There are times of higher probability. During the year, the transition( from winter to spring will cause some snow and ice to melt, which may trigger avalanches. Also at daybreak there is a higher probability due to the temperature change . While climbers hike up slopes, some distance between the climbers should be kept. If an avalanche occurs, then there will be fewer lives lost and a higher probability that someone will be able to seek help. Since an accident is more likely to happen when a top layer of snow is loose, avoid areas where heavy snow or rain has recently occurred. Try to choose areas that you are familiar with and stay in areas with rocks, bushes and trees. Trees and bushes allow snow to pile up and keep the layers stable. If an avalanche occurs, trees will take the impact of the snow, so there is a better chance of being safe. Climbers must pay attention to the degree of the slope. Avalanches won't occur on level ground and there is little snowfall on very steep areas. The greatest danger is in areas where the slope is between 25 and 40 degrees. Remember that, if you get stuck in an avalanche, there is no car hire available to take you to the nearest airport. Why is there a higher probability that an avalanche occurs at daybreak?
|
[
"Because daybreak is the coldest time of the day in the mountain.",
"Because it often snows heavily in the mountains at daybreak.",
"Because temperature changes at daybreak.",
"Because the top layer snow is loose at daybreak."
] | 2C
|
college_physics
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Chinese scientist Tu Youyou on October 5 won the Nobel Prize in physiology or medicine amongst a trio for discovering parasite therapies . 85-year-old Tu is awarded this world-renowned prize for her contribution to reducing the death rate of malaria, minimizing patients' suffering and promoting mankind's health. This is what science is all about. Tu's finding has saved millions' lives during the 40 years. This also proves the value of her research product. The reward is never too late in that aspect. The moment of joy and satisfaction came when she discovered the artemisinin( ) after all kinds of failures in experiments. As the first Chinese mainland Nobel Prize Winner of natural science award, Tu's winning completely surprised Chinese people, who have long been wondering when the first Chinese Nobel laureate in natural science would appear. Let's backtrack to 40 years ago. Tu accomplished the breakthrough findings without access to any advanced equipment, communication with outside world and papers to research. However, over the 40 years, improvements and innovations have transformed everything. Nowadays, Chinese scientists have the passion to invent. As Premiere Li Keqiang mentioned in his letter, "Tu's winning the prize signifies China's prosperity and progress in scientific and technological field". Tu's record-breaking winning serves as a reminder to those who are too eager for instant success. Science is never about instant success. There is no way to measure how much you spend on scientific research and compare it with how much reward you get. Which magazine this passage may be mostly selected from?
|
[
"The Times",
"Science Fiction",
"Fortune",
"National Geography"
] | 0A
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Farmer Ed Rawlings smiles as he looks at his orange trees. The young oranges are growing well in Florida's weather. Warm sunshine and gentle rains, along with Ed Rawlings' expert care, will produce a good crop of oranges this year. However, Ed has to guard against Florida's changeable winter weather. In January and February, temperatures can destroy Ed's entire orange crop. Having farmed in Florida for the past 35 years, Ed is prepared for the frost . When temperatures drop below freezing, Ed tries to save his crop by watering his orange trees. The water freezes and forms a thin layer of ice around the trees. Strange as it may sound, this thin layer of ice actually keeps the fruit warm. What happens is simple. When the trees are watered, the water loses heat and becomes ice. The warmth of the heat it loses is taken in by the fruit and keeps its temperature at a safe level. Ed has effectively used this method to save many orange crops. But Ed still faces difficulties. The trees must be watered at the exact moment the temperature drops to the freezing point. Also, just the right quantity of water must be used. Too much water can form a thicker layer of ice that will break the tree's branches . Another difficulty is that wind blows away the heat, so Ed has to worry about not only when but also how often his trees should be watered, and how much water should be used. Computer technology may help Ed with some of these worries. With equipment , air and soil temperatures and wind speed can be measured. The information is fed into a computer which can calculate when the temperature will drop below freezing. The computer can correctly decide the quantity of water to be used and how frequently( ) the trees should be watered. Ed finds looking after his orange trees a lot easier with the help of a computer, and, his customers will have the benefits of computer--age oranges. Ed tries to protect his crop by _ .
|
[
"using a wind machine to drive away the cold air",
"equipping his orange trees with a computer",
"watering it at the proper time",
"picking his fruit at the first sign of frost"
] | 2C
|
college_computer_science
|
mmlu_labeled
|
"Children should not be left unsupervised to play with a dog." say experts in this week's British Medical Journal. Their advice is part of a review aimed at doctors who deal with dog bites. "Dog bites and maulings are a worldwide problem, particularly in children." write Marina Morgan and John Palmer. Every year 250,000 people who have been bitten by dogs attend minor injuries and emergency units in the United Kingdom, and half of all children are reportedly bitten by dogs at some time, boys more than girls. Accurate death figures are difficult to obtain, but in the past five years, two to three cases a year have made news headlines. Based on the latest medical evidence, _ advise doctors how to examine and treat a patient presenting with a dog bite. They discuss the risk of infection and when to refer to specialist care. For travelers bitten abroad, they suggest assessing the risk of rabies . In terms of prevention, they suggest that children should be taught to treat dogs with respect, avoid direct eye contact, and not tease them. They should be taught not to approach an unfamiliar dog; play with any dog unless under close supervision; run or scream in the presence of a dog; pet a dog without first letting it sniff you; or disturb a dog that is eating, sleeping, or caring for its babies. "Dog owners also need to change their behavior", says Rachel Besser, a children's doctor and lifetime dog owner, in an article. "It is clear that not all dog owners appreciate that children should not be left unsupervised with a dog", she says. Just as some parents are obliged to take parenting classes, she would like to see compulsive classes for expectant dog owners to teach them about the responsibilities of dog ownership. Educational programs are also needed to teach children about some precautionary behaviors around dogs. Finally, she would like to see animal doctors advising dog owners about bite prevention, and doctors promoting bite prevention when treating patients who have been bitten by dogs. What are Rachel Besser's words mainly about?
|
[
"It's necessary to teach children how to raise dogs.",
"Children should be taught not to play with dogs.",
"All the dog owners would like to attend classes on caring for dogs.",
"Some dog owners would like children to be left unsupervised with a dog."
] | 3D
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
EDGEWOOD-EVERY morning at Dixie Heights High School, customers pour into a special experiment; the district's first coffee run mostly by students with special learning needs. Well before classes start, students and teachers order Lattes Cappuccinos and Hot Chocolates. Then, durning the first period teachers call in orders on their room phones, and students make deliveries. By closing tome at 9.20 a.m., the shop usually sells 90 drinks. "Whoever made the chi tea, Ms. Schatzman says it was good," Christy McKinley, a second year student, announced recently, after hanging up with the teacher. The shop is called the Dixie PIT, which stands for Power in Transition. Although some of the students are not disabled, many are, and the PIT helps them prepare for life after high school. They learn not only how to run a coffee shop but also how to deal with their affairs. They keep a timecard and receive paychecks, which they keep in check registers. Special-education teachers Kim Chevalier and Sue Casey introduced the Dixie PIT from a similar program at Kennesaw Mountain High School in Georgia. Not that it was easy. Chevalier's first problem to overcome was product-related. Should school be selling coffee? What about sugar content? Kenton County Food Service Director Ginger Gray helped. She made sure all the drinks, which use non fat milk, fell within nutrition guidelines. The whole school has joined in to help. Teachers agreed to give up their lounge in the mornings. Art students painted the name of the shop on the wall. Business students designed the paychecks. The basketball team helped pay for cups. The Dixie PIT program was introduced in order to _ .
|
[
"raise money for school affairs",
"do some research on nutrition",
"develop students' practical skills",
"supply teachers with drinks"
] | 2C
|
high_school_microeconomics
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Chinese and European societies can use different but effective technologies when addressing medical questions. What does this demonstrate?
|
[
"Varied approaches can yield successful technologies.",
"Not all technologies behave according to scientific laws.",
"The development of science and technology are independent.",
"Technology results more from practice than from scientific knowledge."
] | 0A
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Which object is likely to be a thermal conductor?
|
[
"curtain",
"wall",
"table",
"mirror"
] | 3D
|
college_physics
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Sports can help you keep fit and close to nature. However, whether you are on the mountains, in the waves, or on the grassland, you should realize that sport you choose might have great influence on the environment. Some sports are _ . Golf, as you may know, eats up not only large areas of countryside, but also lots of water. Besides, huge amounts of energy are used to keep its courses in good condition. This causes major environmental changes. For example, in the dry places of Portugal and Spain, golf is often held responsible for (...) serious water shortage in some local areas. There are many environment-friendly sports. Power walking is one of them that you could take up today. You don't need any special equipment except a good pair of shoes, and you don't have to worry about resources and your purse. Simple and free, power walking can also help you stay healthy. If you walk regularly, it will be good for your heart. Experts say that 20 minutes of power walking daily can make you feel less anxious, sleep well and keep thin. Whatever sport you take up, you can make it greener than by using environment-friendly equipment and buying products made from recycled materials. But the final goal should be "green gyms." They are better replacements for traditional health clubs and modern sports centers. Members of green gyms play sports outdoors, in the countryside or other open spaces. There is no special requirement for you to start your membership . And best of all, it's free. What does the phrase " _ " in this passage mean in Chinese?
|
[
".",
".",
".",
"."
] | 3D
|
nutrition
|
mmlu_labeled
|
What is the volume of a salt shaker?
|
[
"45 milliliters",
"45 liters"
] | 0A
|
natural science
|
scienceqa
|
Complete the statement. Assume that the skydiver's mass did not change.
The gravitational potential energy stored between the skydiver and Earth () as she drifted toward the flat ground.
|
[
"increased",
"decreased",
"stayed the same"
] | 1B
|
natural science
|
scienceqa
|
Dolphins are not fish, but warm-blooded animals. They live in groups, and speak to each other in their own language. In this, they are like other animals, such as bees and birds. But dolphins are very different from almost all land animals. Their brain is nearly the same size as our own, and they live a long time--at least twenty or thirty years. Like some animals, dolphins use sound to help them find their way around. They also make these sounds to talk to each other and to help them find food. We now know they do not use their ears to receive these sounds, but the lower part of the mouth, called the jaw. Strangely, dolphins seem to like man, and for thousands of years there have been stories about the dolphin and its friendship with people. There is a story about sailors in the 19th century. In a dangerous part of the sea off the coast of New Zealand, they learnt to look for a dolphin called Jack. From 1871 to 1903, Jack met every boat in the area and showed it the way. Then in 1903 a passenger on a boat called The Penguin shot and wounded Jack. He recovered and for nine years more continued to guide all ships through the area-except for The Penguin. Today, some people continue to kill dolphins, but many countries of the world now protect them and in these places it is against the law to kill them. Dolphins are different from many other animals in that they _ .
|
[
"live in groups",
"have large brains",
"are warm-blooded",
"have their own language"
] | 1B
|
college_biology
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Cows only eat what?
|
[
"flora",
"animals",
"water",
"bugs"
] | 0A
|
nutrition
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Select the part whose main job is to give strength and stiffness to a plant cell.
|
[
"cytoplasm",
"chromosomes",
"cell wall",
"Golgi"
] | 2C
|
natural science
|
scienceqa
|
Which is a complete circuit?
|
[
"a refrigerator that is running",
"a battery removed from a toy",
"a clock that is wound-up",
"a fuse that has blown"
] | 0A
|
electrical_engineering
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Not many years ago, some American farmers began to complain about hawks . The hawks were killing chickens. The farmers did not know what to do. They went to the government officials and asked for help. The officials said, " We'll pay you for each hawk you kill." The farmers began to kill the hawks. Many hawks were killed, but the farmers now had another problem. The field mice were growing in number and they were eating up the farmers' corn. Hawks eat not only chickens but also field mice. They eat more field mice than chickens. But if the farmers had known that, they would not have upset the balance of nature. In one part of the USA, there are deer which eat a kind of wild rose. The deer are eaten by mountain lions. The number of deer, mountain lions, and wild rose does not change much if people stay away from them. If there are too many deer, mountain lions will increase rapidly in number and kill many deer. If there are too many mountain lions, there will be fewer deer and there will be more roses. It is always necessary for us to keep the balance of nature. The government once killed almost all the mountain lions to protect the deer. Soon there were so many deer that they ate up all the wild roses. Then they began to eat the green leaves of young trees which were important to the farmers. So the farmers protected their trees from the deer. The deer had nothing to eat, and many of them died. The government learned a valuable lesson from nature. Why did American people have to protect their trees?
|
[
"Because the mountain lions destroyed the trees.",
"Because there were so many deer that they began to eat the green leaves.",
"Because they wanted the trees to grow well.",
"Because the trees are more important than the deer."
] | 1B
|
college_biology
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Radio, telephone and TV are widely used in the world. When you turn on the radio, you can listen. But when you use telephone, not only can you listen to others but also you can chat with them, however, you can't see anything at all. TV is much better than both of them. People can watch TV and listen to it, but they can't take part in what they see. Today, some people are using a type of telephone called vision-phone . With it, two people who are talking can see each other. It is better than radio, telephone or TV. Vision-phones can be of great use when you have something to show the person whom you are calling. It will be helpful in people's life. Some day you may be able to call up a library and ask to read a book on your vision-phone. You may be able to do some shopping too. Perhaps in the future, people will use vision-phone. ,. In the future, you can use a vision-phone to _
|
[
"read a book",
"ask an assistant to read a book for you",
"ask an assistant to bring you a book",
"ask an assistant to do some shopping for you"
] | 0A
|
computer_security
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Fish and apple soup? Yes, and you won't believe how delicious it is. This first came out of a restaurant in Singapore, but it is now very popular as the du jour soup in Chinese restaurants. Ingredients (serves 4): 1 whole fish. 2 apples, quartered. 4-6 ginger slices . 1 bunch of spring onions, cut into pierces. 1 red tomato, cut into 8 pierces. Oil, salt and pepper. Methods: l. Remove the bones from the fish. 2 Pour oil into a pan. Fry the ginger slices, and the spring onions. Add the fish hones and oil. 3. Add enough water and boil it for about 15 to 20 minutes, 4. Add the apples, the fish and the tomato. When the apples go soft, add salt and pepper, In what order should you add the ingredients while cooking the soup?
|
[
"apples, fish and tomato--ginger slices and spring onions--oil--fish bones",
"oil--fish bones--ginger slices and spring onions--apples, fish and tomato",
"oil--ginger slices and spring onions--fish bones--apples, fish and tomato",
"ginger slices and spring onions--fish bones-apples, fish and tomato--oil"
] | 2C
|
nutrition
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Last week,Chicago became the first city in the US to join the "Lights Out Plan".People turned off the lights in the city's tallest buildings,so that thousands of birds could get to their winter homes.Every year in autumn,some birds fly over Chicago on their way to the south,and come back the next spring. Lights mean danger to birds.Birds find their way by looking at the stars in the sky.Lights in tall buildings are so bright that birds may mistake them as stars.This means they can not find the right way to go home. This month,about 300 types of birds are flying over Chicago to go back to the south to live through the cold winter.Birds fly to warmer places for a few reasons.Many birds cannot live in the cold,so they fly to warmer places.But there are other reasons,too.Birds need to look for food in the south.Another reason is that they want to have baby birds.Many birds like to have their baby birds in the same "house" they lived in last year,so they fly back there. There are about 9,000 kinds of birds in the world,and about 600 kinds of birds _ .Some birds can fly a very long way.Sometimes they fly to other countries.We have fewer birds today because there are fewer places for birds. Why did people in Chicago turn off their lights last week?
|
[
"Because people wanted to save money.",
"Because people liked the dark night.",
"Because people were a afraid that birds would make much noise.",
"Because people were a afraid that birds would lose their way."
] | 3D
|
college_biology
|
mmlu_labeled
|
More than one-third of adults in the United States are obese .In fact,over obesity has reached such proportions that one big-city mayor has gone about banning large-sized,sugary soft drinks and the First Lady has been on a campaign to control the dietary offerings in public schools. Even many adults who do not fit the clinic definition of obesity are still overweight,and a large percentage are looking for the best ways to lose weight. Reducing pounds largely comes down to the two-sided factors of diet and exercise.Not carrying out the first one enough,and not getting enough of the second one,ends up giving the individual a recipe for being overweight. Advising someone to eat less and exercise more might be the easiest advice possible,but it's also,partially,an oversimplification.Dieting has more to do with the types of food you eat than how much you eat.Reduce the amount of red meat in your diet.If you don't want to eliminate red meat altogether,choose cuts of meat with less fat content.Limit your intake of salt and starches.If you've got to have potato chips alongside your sandwich at lunch,choose the baked potato chips that contain less fat than the deep-fried chips.You might find you're really not sacrificing that much in terms of taste. A diet rich in fruits,vegetables,egg whites,fish and nonfat dairy products will certainly aid in the mission of losing weight.Drink more water and less sugary drinks.If you have to have a soda,a diet soda is a better option,but seltzer is an even better choice than that. It's important--if not always easy--to make sure you get at least some physical activity each and every day.If your feet won't allow for a regular jogging regimen,then make sure you take lots of walks.Next time you need to mail a letter,walk to the mailbox instead of driving.Try to work in a daily walk in your neighborhood. You should _ when you want to lose weight
|
[
"try not to fit the clinic definition of obesity",
"diet as well as exercise enough",
"get little exercise every day",
"focus your attention on diet only"
] | 1B
|
nutrition
|
mmlu_labeled
|
"In the online world you don't need to fill buildings or lecture theatres with people and you don't need to be trapped into a lecture timetable," says Peter Scott, director of the Open University's Knowledge Media Institute. The Open University, the UK's open access university, which allows people to study from home in their own time, has been an international pioneer of degree courses online. The university, with more than 263,000 students in 23 countries, has become a record breaker on the iTunes U service, which provides a digital library of materials for university students and staff.Instead of music or movies, Apple's iTunes U provides a download service for lectures and resources from universities around the world.Top universities from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard in the US to Oxford and Cambridge in the UK have been making their materials available, with no charge to the users. There have been 31 million downloads of OU materials, more than any other university, representing roughly 10% of all iTunes U downloads.Nearly 90% of these users are from outside the UK.In this online era, the OU student is also getting younger.A quarter of students are aged under-25 and only 10% are aged 50 or over.That change can only be accelerated as the cost of going to university increases in many countries.The prospect of learning from Harvard from your own bedroom is getting closer. "We have a belief that a degree and an opportunity are rights for all citizens.And we have got to enable the population of students attending higher education to scale up.What I am most excited about is that the privilege of going for higher education is not something only for the wealthy or for the smartest or for the most well-equipped students in the future," an American educator says.Online education will be a way of opening up more choices and getting beyond the big brand names of the most exclusive universities. At the Open University, Peter Scott says they are trying to develop services that give students exactly what they want, from face-to-face learning to the fully online experience."We can produce brilliant televisual material and get it to you on YouTube, on iTunes U or even on the web. According to the passage, we can infer that _ .
|
[
"all the citizens can get the higher education now",
"online education will take the place of the traditional education",
"online education will probably change the way that people go for higher education",
"studying in Harvard or Cambridge will become easier in the future"
] | 2C
|
college_computer_science
|
mmlu_labeled
|
A thing that is experiencing transpiration is likely to be
|
[
"a shovel",
"a doorbell",
"a hydrangea",
"a mouse"
] | 2C
|
high_school_biology
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Is the following trait inherited or acquired?
Ryan can play the piccolo.
|
[
"acquired",
"inherited"
] | 0A
|
natural science
|
scienceqa
|
what process is adulthood categorized under?
|
[
"the living term",
"a plant feeding",
"the entertainment circuit",
"a chemical reaction"
] | 0A
|
human_aging
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Here is some information about some people. I am a math teacher. I teach math very well. Do you need help with your math?Call me at 679-8840.(Mr. Brown) I lost my blue bag. It's from my mom and I like it very much. Did you find my bag?Please call me at 777-8953.(Lucy) I like playing the violin,but I can't play it well. Can you help me?My phone number is 235-7765.(Joan) Do you like reading?I have many old books and the books are free .Call me at 658-0034.(Mark) Here is some information on today's newspaper. FOUND A blue bag. I found it in the library. My name is Sue. Please call me at 889-0764. JOB Are you good at math?Are you good with kids?We need a math teacher at our middle school. My name is Nick. My e-mail is [email protected]. MUSIC CLUB Do you want to be a musician?Do you want to learn how to play the piano and the violin well?Come to our club. Only 20 yuan for one lesson. Call Susan at 776-9898. BOOKS NEEDED We want to build a library for the kids in a small village. We need many books. Please call Mr. Han at 458-2217. If Joan wants to have six violin lessons in the music club,she needs _ yuan.
|
[
"60",
"80",
"100",
"120"
] | 3D
|
elementary_mathematics
|
mmlu_labeled
|
During the summer solstice the Earth is actually what in relation to the red giant?
|
[
"Dying",
"Feeling sick",
"Unhappy",
"far away"
] | 3D
|
astronomy
|
mmlu_labeled
|
You can never be too sure these days in the United States of your neighbors or even your customers! Try to keep a low profile in your neighborhood: Don't announce to everyone that you are running a home business with thousands of dollars worth of equipment. As much as possible, do not invite clients or visitors to your home. In fact, I know of some homebased entrepreneurs who would rather meet their clients in a neutral ground, e.g. the client's office or even Starbucks. There are other ways to keep burglars away from your house. *Keep lights on around your house in the evenings. Light is a natural fright for burglars. *Invest in a security alarm, particularly if your house is located at a remote spot. Security systems can often bring down the cost of your homeowner's premium . *Make sure that all windows and doors are locked and the security alarm turned on before you sleep at night or go out of the house. Avoid keeping house keys in obvious places, such as under the lamp or on top of the doorframe. *Adding an additional lock will provide extra security when you are home. The deadlock, sometimes called an "exit only deadbolt"is a deadbolt that does not have an external key. It is clearly visible on the door from the outside, but cannot be broken into without destroying the door, frame or lock itself. While this security won't help directly when you aren't home, the visibility may discourage an _ from trying the door. *Your door itself should be made of strong materials, such as oneinch thick solid hardwood or heavy metal. Some homebased entrepreneurs do not invite clients to their home _ .
|
[
"to enjoy convenience outside their home",
"for the safety of their property",
"not to let others know about their business",
"in order to avoid being seen by burglars"
] | 1B
|
computer_security
|
mmlu_labeled
|
You may know about " junk food" like French fries. But do you know about "junk sleep"? Recently, a British survey found that electronic products in teenagers bedrooms are affecting their sleep. The survey was done among 1,000 British kids from 12 to 16. It found that thirty percent of them got just 4 to 7 hours sleep every day. But doctors say they need 8 to 9 hours. Almost a quarter of the kids said they fell asleep more than once a week while watching TV, listening to music or using other electronic products. "This is very worrying." Said Dr Chris Idzikowski, a British expert, "We call it 'junk sleep', It means you don't get enough sleep and the quality of the sleep is bad, too. If you don't get good rest, you don't perform well in school the next day." The survey found that 40 percent of the kids felt tired each day, with girls between 13 and 16 feeling the worst. Nearly all the teenagers have a phone, Mp4 or TV IN THEIR BEDROOM. And many of them have all three. Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?
|
[
"Teenagers need 4 to 7 hours of sleep each day.",
"Few of the teenagers have a phone in their bedrooms.",
"Teenagers spend too much time on electronic products.",
"Girls between 15 and 16 spend the least time on electronic products."
] | 2C
|
nutrition
|
mmlu_labeled
|
a scuba diver startles an octopus, and suddenly the water changed color, what happened?
|
[
"it died and released a color",
"it was amused by the diver",
"it was trying to hide from the diver",
"it was thanking the diver"
] | 2C
|
college_biology
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Which technology used to generate electrical power involves a trade-off between economical electricity and long-term waste disposal problems?
|
[
"fossil fuel",
"nuclear reactor",
"solar collector",
"wind turbine"
] | 1B
|
electrical_engineering
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Smartphone, poor sight Look around and you will see people busy on their smatrphones . Smartphones do make our lives easier. But have you ever thought about what they mean to your eyes? According to a study, half of the British people own smartphones and they spend an average ( ) of two hours a day using them. There has been a 35% increase in the number of people in the U.K who suffer from short-sightedness since smartphones were introduced there in 1997. Staring at smartphones for a long time gives you dry eyes. When looking at something in the distance, your eyes automatically blink a certain number of times. However, when you look at the things closer to your face, the blink slows down. This reduces the amount of tears and causes discomfort in your eyes. Another bad habit is using smartphone in dark rooms before going to sleep. If you look at a bright screen while your pupils become larger, too much light goes into your eyes. This can be bad for your eyes and causes a disease called glaucoma . Maybe it is possible for you to stop using your smartphone, but there are a few things you can do to protect your eyes. * Hold your phone at least 30 centimeters away from your eyes when using it. *Take a break every hour and try the following: look at something at least 5 meters away from you and then focus on your nose. Repeat this several times. It should reduce the discomfort in your eyes. ,. The passage advises people _ .
|
[
"not to buy smartphones",
"to stop using smartphones",
"to make good use of smartphones",
"to use smartphones in right ways"
] | 3D
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Holding a cell phone against your ear or stalling it in your pocket may be hazardous to your health. This paraphrases a warning that cell phone; manufacturers include in the small print that is often tossed aside when a new phone is purchased.Apple, for example, doesn't want iP hones to come closer to you than 1.5 centimeters; Research In Motion, Blackberry's manufacturer, recommends 2.5 centimeters. If health issues arise from cell phone use, the implications are huge.Voice calls - Americans chat on cell phones 2.26 trillion minutes annually - generate $109 billion for the wireless carriers. Devra Davis, an epidemiologist who has worked for the University of Pittsburgh, has published a book about cell phone radiation, "Disconnect." The book surveys scientific research and concludes the question is not settled. Brain cancer is a concern that Ms. Davis examines. Over all, there has not been an increase in its incidence since cell phones arrived. But the average masks an increase in brain cancer in the 20-to-29 age group and a drop for the older population. "Most cancers have multiple causes," she says, but she points to laboratory research that suggests low-energy radiation could damage cells that could possibly lead to cancer. Children are more vulnerable to radiation than adults, Ms. Davis and other scientists point out. Radiation that penetrates only five centimeters into the brain of an adult will reach much deeper into the brains of children because their skulls are thinner and their brains contain more absorptive fluid. No studies have yet been completed on cell phone radiation and children, she says. Henry Lai, a research professor in the bioengineering department at the University of Washington, began laboratory radiation studies in 1980 and found that rats exposed to radiofrequency radiation had damaged DNA in their brains. Ms. Davis recommends using wired headsets or the phone's speaker. Children should text rather than call, she said, and pregnant women should keep phones away from the abdomen. We can infer from the passage that _ .
|
[
"Cell phone may do harm to our health if we hold it against our ear or store in our pocket",
"Devra Davis thinks that there are many factors contributing to cancer.",
"The increase in brain cancer in the young adults may have something to do with cell phone",
"Children are more likely to be affected by radiation"
] | 2C
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Lucy, whose skeleton was discovered in Ethiopia in 1974, died shortly after she fell out of a tree, according to a new study published Monday in the British journalNature. For their research, Kappelman and Dr. Richard Ketcham used a CT scanner to create more than 35,000 "slices" of Lucy's skeleton. Scientists named her Lucy from the Beatles song "Lucy in the Sky with Diamonds", which was played at the camp the night of her discovery. The following analysis of the slices showed sharp, clean breaks seen at the end of Lucy's right humerus are similar to bone breaks seen in victims of falls. The researchers concluded that these and other breaks in her skeleton show that Lucy, who is believed to have stood about 3 feet 6 inches and weighed about 60 pounds, fell feet first and used her arms to support herself -- but that the injury was too severe to have been survivable. The researchers estimate that Lucy was going about 35 miles an hour when she hit the ground after falling from a height of roughly 40 feet, according to the statement. That sounds _ . But other scientists are doubtful. "There are countless explanations for bone breaks," Dr, Donald C, Johanson, director of the Institute of Human Origins and one of the scientists who discovered Lucy, said, "The suggestion that she fell out of a tree is largely a just-so story and therefore unprovable." Johanson said it was more likely that Lucy's breaks occurred long after she died, saying that "elephant bones appear to have the same kind of breaks, It's unlikely they fell out of a tree. " But the new research focused on "a small number of breaks" that are consistent with "high-energy bone-to-bone influences" and which differ from the sorts of breaks commonly seen in other collected bones. Kappelman responded in an email, "These appear to have occurred at or near the time of death." What conclusion can we draw from the passage?
|
[
"Lucy didn't die from falling out of a tree.",
"The newly published study was meaningless.",
"The argument on how Lucy died will continue.",
"Scientists will find another way to solve the problem."
] | 2C
|
anatomy
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Does this passage describe the weather or the climate?
Peter lives in a windy place.
|
[
"climate",
"weather"
] | 0A
|
natural science
|
scienceqa
|
Joann is testing soils to see which kind is best for growing marigolds. Which of the following should she do?
|
[
"Plant the marigolds in the same soil, but water some plants more than others.",
"Plant the marigolds in one kind of soil, radishes in another, and daisies in a third kind.",
"Plant the marigolds three kinds of soil, and give them different amounts of sun.",
"Plant the marigolds in three kinds of soil, and give them the same amounts of water and sun."
] | 3D
|
college_biology
|
mmlu_labeled
|
A local library has a scanner to detect library materials that have not been checked out. Each item has a chip somewhere inside. Upon checkout, the chip is deactivated so the scanner will not set off the alarm. The scanner has a 98% chance of detecting an active chip (meaning the material has not been checked out) and setting off the alarm. The scanner also has a 3% chance of sounding the alarm when someone passes through without an active chip. It is estimated that 0.5% of library customers actually try to leave the library with an active chip. What is the probability that, if the alarm sounds, the patron leaving the library has an item with an active chip?
|
[
"0.0049",
"0.0348",
"0.141",
"0.97"
] | 2C
|
high_school_statistics
|
mmlu
|
Reading is the key to school success and, like any skill, it takes practice. A child learns to walk by practicing until he no longer has to think about how to put one foot in front of the other. An excellent sportsman practices until he can play quickly, correctly and without thinking. Educators call it "automaticity ". www.ks5u.com A child learns to read by sounding out the letters and finding the meaning of the words. With practice, he stumbles less and less, reading by the phrase . With automaticity, he doesn't have to think about the meaning of words, so he can give all his attention to the meaning of the text. It can begin as early as first grade. In a recent study of children in Illinois schools, Alan Rossman of Northwestern University found that automatic readers in the first grade not only read almost three times as fast as the others, but also got better results in exams. According to Rossman, the key to automaticity is the amount of time a child spends reading , not his IQ. Any child who spends at least 3.5 to 4 hours a week reading books, magazines or newspapers will probably reach automaticity. It can happen if a child turns off TV just one night for reading at home. You can test yourself by reading something new which is suitable for your level. If you read aloud with expression, with a sense of the meaning of the sentences, you probably are an automatic reader. If you read brokenly, one word at a time, without expression or meaning, you need more practice. Children with "automaticity" can read faster because they_.
|
[
"know how to read the words",
"do not have to think while reading",
"read by themselves without any help",
"pay attention to the meaning of the text"
] | 3D
|
elementary_mathematics
|
mmlu_labeled
|
During your stay outside Hong Kong, you may have been exposed to certain infectious diseases without your knowledge. In case you develop any symptom such as fever, chills, skin rash, diarrhea or vomiting within 14 days of your arrival in Hong Kong, you should consult a doctor or attend an accident & emergency department or general outpatient clinic. Please bring along this card. CHIEF PORT HEALTH OFFICE The Port Health Office Their staff is glad to answer your questions about travel health. Please inquire at: --Hong Kong Island 18 F, Wu Chung House, 213 Queen's Rd. East, Wanchai. Tel: 2961 8840 -- Kowloon Room 905, Government Offices, Canton Road Tel: 2368 3361 If you find any symptom, which of the following places is not the place where you should go?
|
[
"The hospital.",
"The accident & emergency department.",
"The Port Health Office.",
"The clinic."
] | 2C
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Several years ago, I taught teenagers with feeling troubles in a group home. These very tough kids often came directly from prison to my classroom. They often wanted to escape from the group home. They were society's "throwaway" kids--youngsters without families to love and care for them. They desperately needed to receive love. Then I found one thing more important for them. So, when a friend suggested an idea, I thought it would be a great program for my students. The plan was simple. We arranged that every Wednesday morning, I'd bring over my little crew, and they were supposed to clean the runs, wash dog and cat bowls, and feed the animals at our local animal shelter. Then came the risky part of the program. After doing their chores, the youngsters would earn the freedom to walk one of the dogs in the wooded area behind the shelter, where I couldn't even see them. We began the project. Each week, I carefully went over the list of students who had met the requirements. All that week, students worked hard to control their tempers and be cooperative. I emphasized how much the animals needed their love and care. As they served the animals, the youngsters were transforming before our eyes. Never before had they been considered contributing members of society. Yet now these kids begged to volunteer at the shelter. As we had planned, my students walked the dogs, unwatched, in the woods for up to half an hour. I impressed on each of them my trust and respect that they'd bring back the animal in their care safely and on time. Remarkably, I never lost a student or an animal. The world might not have needed or might have forgotten about my kids, but the animals didn't. these shining animals showed some very needy kids the way back home from heartbreak and abuse. In the writer's opinion, the most helpful thing for these troubled kids was _ .
|
[
"how to be accepted by society",
"to be given enough love and care",
"to learn how to give others love and care",
"how to be taught to believe in others"
] | 2C
|
human_sexuality
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Life may not always seem fair, but we can learn to deal with it and make new choices along the way. I remember so clearly sitting next to my dad as we drove through the town. I was complaining about something unfair that had happened to me. Dad looked directly at me and said, "No one ever said life was fair." I was shocked at his answer. Later on as my marriage had problems even though I tried to save it. _ . Now as I raise two kids alone, try to create new relationships and build a business, I am forced to face the inevitable truth every day. Gradually I've found that I have accepted my dad's wisdom. We all will face loss or unexpected changes. But unfairness should not be the only thing in our life. We choose for ourselves what seems fair by comparing our lives with others', and this can lead us to feel that our own lives are unfair. People need to ignore what others have and set their own plans. Certainly, there're so many unhappy events in the world and in our lives, and when we deal with them, we try to control as many things as we can. Then, the sense of " it's not fair" often comes when we can't control the things in our lives. So please put your efforts into the process rather than the result. You should learn that life is unfair, but you can be fair and learn how to enjoy life. When people deal with unhappy things, they often _ .
|
[
"try to control them all",
"use all their efforts",
"ask others for help",
"complain to others"
] | 0A
|
human_sexuality
|
mmlu_labeled
|
The kiwi bird The kiwi bird is a flightless bird,about the size of a chicken. It sleeps during the day and is active at nighttime. It has a long beak that is onethird the length of its body, and its beak actually has nostrils at the end. The kiwi is the only bird with this feature. Another unique feature of the kiwi is that it has no tail. It has thick brown hairlike feathers. This bird has many physical features unlike any other bird on earth. Kiwi birds have been called a genetic leftover. Their characteristics seem very odd to us probably due to the fact that they haven't evolved much at all. They are suspected to be about 8 million years old. That's 7 million years older than humans. Due to New Zealand's isolated environment, it has been safe from predators and hasn't needed to do much adapting. They just hang around. With its long beak, the kiwi digs up and chows down on worms. A kiwi is almost blind; it can see about six feet at night and around two feet during the day,so when it comes to hunting the kiwi is not well equipped.It uses the nostrils on its beak to find its food and then picks up the worms with its beak. The kiwi bird is native of New Zealand.It is the island country's national bird, and is rare anywhere but here and a few Pacific island neighbors. Of course,it is available for viewing at certain zoos.It has stayed in its native land due to the facts that it is an isolated island and that kiwis can't fly. Kiwi birds are extremely unique in the bird world. Though they are the size of chickens, they lay eggs the size of ostrich eggs, weighing around a pound each.Their enormous eggs are the largest in the bird world, compared to their bodies. These birds were named after their distinctive shrill cry "keewee keewee". What plays a key role in looking for food?
|
[
"Its long beak.",
"Its eyes.",
"The nostrils.",
"Its tail"
] | 2C
|
college_biology
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Losing a baby tooth can be fun for a kid. You can put it under your pillow and look forward to finding some money there in the morning. And then you can watch your new permanent tooth grow in its place. But if a permanent tooth falls out, that's a problem. There isn't another one under the gum that can replace it. Unfortunately, this happens to some older people. And if permanent teeth fall out-or need to be pulled-an older person might need dentures. Dentures, known as false teeth, are a set of replacement teeth for any teeth that are missing. There are partial dentures, which take the place of only a few teeth and prevent the others from changing position. If all the teeth are gone, the person would need complete dentures, which replace every tooth in the mouth. Dentures can cause pains at first and take little time to get adjusted to. They also need special care. They should be brushed daily with a special denture brush and cleanser and soaked in denture solution when not in the mouth. Dentures are important for older folks because, without teeth, it's hard to smile, talk, and eat properly. But it can be a little _ if you see someone take out his or her dentures. It can also be strange to see someone, like a grandparent, without dentures in because he or she won't have any teeth. Try not to make fun of the person because this could cause hurt feelings. People usually lose their permanent teeth due to periodontal disease, or gum disease, which is caused by bacteria that attacks the gums. Diseased gums aren't strong and healthy, so teeth can get loose and fall out. Older people often have many cavities that have been filled over the years, and these fillings can weaken over time, leading to more tooth decay. Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage?
|
[
"Partial dentures can prevent the remaining teeth from changing position.",
"Old people will find it hard to smile, talk, and eat properly without teeth.",
"A person's teeth will possibly get loose if diseases strike his gums.",
"It is hard for a person to wear dentures if all his teeth have fallen out."
] | 3D
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
In the USA, there are many types of restaurants. Fast food restaurants are very famous. You can find McDonald's and Kentucky Fried Chicken in many countries around the world. You look at a menu above the counter, and say what you'd like to eat. You pay the person who serves you. You take your food and sit down or take it away. There's no need to leave a tip. In a coffee shop you sit at the counter or at a table. You don't wait for the waitress to show you where to sit. She usually brings you coffee when you sit down. You tell her what you'd like to eat and she brings it to you. You pay the cashier as you leave. A diner is like a coffee shop but usually looks like a railway carriage. In a family restaurant the atmosphere is casual, but the waitress shows you where to sit. Often the waitress tells you her name, but you don't need to tell her yours. If you don't eat everything, your waitress gives you a doggy bag to take your food home. You add an extra fifteen percent to the bill as a tip. In top class restaurants, you need a reservation and you need to arrive on time. The waiter shows you where to sit. If you have wine, he may ask you to taste it. You can only refuse it if it tastes bad, not if you don't like it. When you get your bill, check it and then add fifteen to twenty percent to it as a tip for the waiter. In what kind of restaurant does the waitress often tell you her name?
|
[
"In a top class restaurant",
"In a fast food restaurant",
"In a coffee shop",
"In a family restaurant"
] | 3D
|
nutrition
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Which function is performed at similarly structured sites in prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?
|
[
"protein synthesis",
"packaging and transport of proteins",
"storage of genetic material",
"release of energy from storage forms"
] | 0A
|
college_biology
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Most dictionaries will tell you a number of things about a language. There are three important things. These three things are spelling, pronunciation and meaning. First, a dictionary will tell you the spelling of a word. If you are not sure about the spelling of a word, you can try to find the correct spelling in a dictionary. Words are listed in an alphabetical order--- a, b, c and so on. For example, on a dictionary page the "poor" comes before "poverty" and the word "poverty" comes before the "power". The words are always given in alphabetical order. The second thing, a dictionary will tell you the pronunciation. Most dictionaries give phonetic , or sound alphabet. The phonetic alphabet shows pronunciation. The third thing, a dictionary will tell you the meaning of words. You can look up a word and find out what it means. Many words have more than one meaning, and a good dictionary will tell you all of the word's meanings. For example, in English the common word "get" has over 20 different meanings. Phonetic alphabets are used to show _
|
[
"pronunciation",
"spelling",
"meanings",
"handwritings"
] | 0A
|
elementary_mathematics
|
mmlu_labeled
|
The visible colors listed from shortest to longest wavelength are violet, blue, green, yellow, orange, and red. Which of the following accurately compares the frequency of these colors using this information?
|
[
"Blue has a higher frequency than violet.",
"Blue has a higher frequency than green.",
"Orange has a lower frequency than red.",
"Violet has a lower frequency than yellow."
] | 1B
|
college_physics
|
mmlu_labeled
|
The bee provided a valuable service to the
|
[
"house.",
"rock",
"water",
"rose"
] | 3D
|
college_biology
|
mmlu_labeled
|
The ice cubes in a freezer are melting. Which change most likely is causing the ice cubes to melt?
|
[
"a decrease in the mass of the ice cubes",
"an increase in the mass of the ice cubes",
"a decrease in the temperature inside the freezer",
"an increase in the temperature inside the freezer"
] | 3D
|
natural_science
|
ai2_arc_challenge
|
Being shy keeps many Chinese people from getting to know westerners. You may feel nervous about making language mistakes in front of a native English speaker. But remember, westerners living in Asia know how it feels to try to communicate in a foreign language. They have made many mistakes when speaking Chinese! So don't worry about speaking imperfect English. The important thing is just to communicate. Start talking, and make some foreign friends! Many westerners value their privacy . Don't be surprised if your new friend doesn't want to include you in everything he does. This may seem strange to Chinese who worry about that their friends will get lonely. Chinese people often expect their good friends to give advice and take care of them in many ways. If you expect this kind of care from westerners, you may be disappointed. Why? Because most westerners value _ . They feel insulted if others think they can't take care of themselves. They will assume you feel the same way. Of course, these tips are just rules of thumb and may not apply to all westerners. Each person you meet will have his or her own ideas about friendship. When you get confused , don't be shy and worry to ask questions. Your new western friends may also have many questions about Chinese culture, and they may be hesitant to ask. So encourage them to ask questions, too. Be honest and open to your friends. Respect each other's differences. The friendships you make can be lifelong treasure both for you and your new friends. .What may help you to make lifelong friends?
|
[
"Be honest.",
"Open to your friends.",
"Respect each other.",
"All of the above."
] | 3D
|
human_sexuality
|
mmlu_labeled
|
In Britain, some people say they will do anything if a famous person they love asks them to. One in three people in Britain have a new kind of disease --they love a famous person too much. Some people love famous stars like Britney Spears, David Beckham or even Tony Blair. It is not just the young, grown-ups have the same problem. One in four people are so interested in their heroes that it affects their life. There are two ways of worshipping famous people. One way is just to follow them or talk about them with friends for fun. The other is a more serious way. People have very strong feelings for them and think they are their friends. People who do so for fun are found to be happier. But those who have strong feelings for a famous person are perhaps to feel more lonely and worried. "Worshipping famous people is not certainly a bad thing," Dr.John, an expert said, "But like many things, overdoing it may not always be good for you." ,,. People who have strong feeling for a famous person often feel worried because _ .
|
[
"they cannot become famous themselves",
"they think the famous person may be in trouble",
"they are afraid the famous person may not like them",
"they cannot get anything in return from the famous person"
] | 2C
|
human_sexuality
|
mmlu_labeled
|
One day an American friend invited me to a party. It wasn't a real party, it was some kind of informal get-together. Since it was summer time, he had a cookout where most of his American friends and s were known to me, but there were others I had never met before. It was the most embarrassing party for me when I noticed that everybody was wearing jeans and simple T-shirts for the day, while I arrived in proper dress with my shoes and my hair all fixed for a fancy party. It was hard to explain my embarrassment to other guests. When one of them turned around and said, "What nice clothes! What's the occasion?" I felt my face burning hot with embarrassment. I did not answer at all. If she knew how bad I already felt, she wouldn't have come near me. But she did. Maybe she didn't ask _ to make me feel bad or uncomfortable, but my reaction had to do with the way I already felt. I could have told her I had to go to another party afterwards, but I did not want to continue the conversation. Many times I thought about going home and changing, but I knew that they would notice. It would be even worse for me, because I knew they would quickly think that I felt out of place. So I wanted to pretend that I was okay... I had already realized their customs were different from mine; but after I talked to my friend, I was more convinced that people here are more casual (,). They care less about formality, unless it is a special occasion, like a wedding or a very formal invitation. In contrast, my culture is totally the opposite. For instance, inprefix = st1 /CapeVerdeanculture, if a friend invited me to his house on a special day, even if it is not a real party, one should appear well dressed or otherwise the host will be annoyed thinking you are disrespectful to him or the other guests. We do dress casually for going on picnic or on ordinary days, but not normally to go over to a friend's when invited, especially if other people will be there. After all, I think that my problem at the party wasn't that I wasn't accepted by the Americans; but my feeling was so bad that I couldn't fit in the group even if nobody noticed, because I was the one who discovered the difference in the first place. It doesn't matter if people dress differently, but I was the only one different in the group. I felt I was the one who should adjust to their customs. After that, I decided to learn more about American culture, so now I don't have as many problems as I've had in the past. It can be inferred from the story that the author _ .
|
[
"left the cookout early",
"probably didn't enjoy the cookout",
"never wears blue jeans",
"will never go to a cookout"
] | 1B
|
human_sexuality
|
mmlu_labeled
|
How long does it take Earth to fully revolve one time
|
[
"28 hours",
"46 hours",
"1400 minutes",
"1440 minutes"
] | 3D
|
astronomy
|
mmlu_labeled
|
If you're a male and you're reading this, congratulations: you're a survivor. According to statistics, you are more than twice as likely to die of skin cancer as a woman, and nine times more likely to die of AIDS. Assuming you make it to the end of your natural term, about 78 years for men in Australia, you'll die on average five years before a woman. There are many reasons for this--typically, men take more risks than women and are more likely to drink and smoke--but perhaps more importantly, men don't go to the doctor. "Men aren't seeing doctors as often as they should," says Dr. Gullotta. "This is particularly so for the over-40s, when diseases tend to strike." Gullotta says a healthy man should visit the doctor every year or two. For those over 45, it should be at least once a year. Two months ago Gullotta saw a 50-year-old man who had delayed doing anything about his smoker's cough for a year. "When I finally saw him it had already spread and he has since died from lung cancer," he says. "Earlier detection and treatment may not have cured him, but it would have prolonged his life." According to a recent survey, 95% of women aged between 15 and early 40s see a doctor once a year, compared to 70% of men in the same age group. "A lot of men think they're undefeatable," Gullota says. "They only come in when a friend drops dead on the golf course and they think, 'Geez, if it could happen to him, ...'" Then there's the ostrich approach. "Some men are scared of what might be there and would rather not know," says Dr. Ross Cartmill. "Most men get their cars serviced more regularly than they service their bodies," Cartmill says. He believes most diseases that commonly affect men could be addressed by preventive check-ups. Regular check-ups for men would inevitably place strain on the public purse, Cartmill says. "But prevention is cheaper in the long run than having to treat the diseases. Besides, the ultimate cost is far greater: it is called premature death." What does the author state is the most important reason men die five years earlier on average than women?
|
[
"Men drink and smoke much more than women.",
"Men don't seek medical care as often as women.",
"Men aren't as cautious as women in face of danger.",
"Men are more likely to suffer from fatal diseases."
] | 1B
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
As the molecules of water begin to slow down they go into a phase where they are no longer able to easily move past each other. The water is passing through a phase change and will
|
[
"remain a mixture.",
"remain a compound.",
"become an element.",
"become a compound."
] | 1B
|
natural_science
|
ai2_arc_challenge
|
Which structure does a virus have in common with a prokaryotic cell?
|
[
"cell wall",
"nucleic acid",
"ribosome",
"capsid"
] | 1B
|
natural_science
|
ai2_arc_challenge
|
How long is a tennis racket?
|
[
"50 centimeters",
"50 meters"
] | 0A
|
natural science
|
scienceqa
|
You could have poor eyesight because you didn't spend enough time outdoors as a child, according to the conclusion of some studies on short-sightedness published in the Optometry and Vision Science. Although short-sightedness can easily be corrected with glasses or contact lenses , it's much better to prevent it altogether. This means we should allow the eyes to develop the way they should in childhood. Children need to spend more time outdoors, focusing on distant objects, say the Australian researchers. This gives the eyeballs a chance to develop as they should. According to one study on short-sightedness, the risk of developing short-sightedness is great -- about 60 percent -- in children who get five hours or less per week of outdoor activities. But if they do outdoor activities for 14 hours or more a week, the risk drops to 20 percent. Spending time outdoors can even help people overcome a genetic predisposition to short-sightedness. Children with parents who are short-sighted can bring down their risk by spending a few hours a day outdoors, suggest the findings from another of the studies presented at the conference. It's being in an outdoor environment that seems to be important, not the type of activity. Studies show that both active and passive outdoor activities have the same protective effect. So encourage children to balance the time they spend reading and studying with time outside. Two to three hours a day outside of school hours is the suggested amount by scientists. If it's hard to find that time, then cut the amount of television and reduce the time they spend on computer games and get kids to take frequent breaks outdoors when reading and studying. We can infer people use contact lenses to _ .
|
[
"prevent short-sightedness",
"correct short-sightedness",
"protect their eyes from sunlight",
"decorate their eyes"
] | 1B
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
An example of combined substances could be
|
[
"diamonds",
"tin",
"cake",
"water"
] | 2C
|
high_school_chemistry
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Radiaton can make something
|
[
"cooler",
"warmer",
"heavier",
"harder"
] | 1B
|
high_school_physics
|
mmlu_labeled
|
What do these two changes have in common?
melting glass
dry ice sublimating and becoming a gas
|
[
"Both are chemical changes.",
"Both are caused by cooling.",
"Both are caused by heating."
] | 2C
|
natural science
|
scienceqa
|
A man made a nice talking machine .It could weigh people's weight .The man wanted to try the machine before he could make a lot of machines. He put the machine into the waiting room of a station .There were always lots of people in and out . The first one who used the machine was an Indian woman. She stood on the machine, the machine thought for a few seconds to decide which language to speak . "Good morning ,Madam ."it said in Indian . "Your weight is 72 kilograms .That's three kilograms more .If you eat more fruit and vegetables ,you will be soon all right .Please have a nice day ." The second one to use the machine was a Chinese girl .She stood on the machine and waited to hear her weight. " Good morning ,Miss ."the machine said in Chinese ."Your weight is 45 kilograms .It's all right for your age. Keep eating what you eat every day .Please have a nice day." The third one to use the machine was a very fat American woman. She thought for a long time to stand on the machine. The machine spoke quickly in English "Good morning .Will one of you get off?" The machine in this passage could_.
|
[
"weigh and talk to people",
"tell people what they should eat",
"speak all kinds of languages",
"make people laugh"
] | 0A
|
college_computer_science
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Many of us don't pay attention to the importance of eye care. It's said that if you take care of your body, then you can be healthy. That is why our eyes should be given a lot of care. Natural eye care should be put in a number one place. There are several causes leading to poor eyesight like not enough food, gene and aging . Televisions, computers and reading are also the causes of having poor eyesight. If you happen to work in front of the computer, it is best to take a rest every once in a while. Something dirty can cause redness and they will make you feel uncomfortable. It is bad for your eyes, too. If this happens, the best way is to clean your eyes by using cold water. You must also try your best to protect your eyes from harmful thing. For example, sunglasses are not just fashion but they can also serve as a great way to protect your eyesight from _ . Eating healthy foods will do good to your eyesight. Remember that vitamins A, C and E are good for eyes. Try to eat food groups that have these vitamins. And you should do eye exercises because exercise protects your eyesight, too. If a person exercises regularly and eats the right kind of food, his eyes will stay in good condition for a long time. All above are natural ways of eye care that help us keep healthy eyes. Being happy all the time can be helpful to a person's eyesight, too. In a word, eye care is very important, no matter how old a person is. ,. Which is the best title of the passage?
|
[
"Ways of Eye Care",
"Ways of Eye Exercises",
"Way of Being be Happy",
"Way of Being Healthy"
] | 0A
|
nutrition
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Every year, millions of Americans see their personal information leak into the wrong hands. Maybe there's spyware on the their computer, or a service they use suffered a security reach, leaving customers at the risk of exposure. Or perhaps their password is easy to guess. Don't fear: You can easily set up proper defenses. Here's how. * Clean Your Computer and Smartphone Before you put new security measures into place, make sure your devices are as spotless as possible. This means installing a good antivirus program and taking the time to clear out any spy -- or malware that may have already infected your system. These days, it's also worth it to make sure your phone is safe from viruses. Iphones are less likely to be targeted by spyware, but Android users should download the Lookout app to scan their devices and ensure everything is as it should be. * Secure Your WiFi. It's fairly easy for potential criminals to gain access to your information if they're able to share your connection -- that's why you want to be careful when using public WiFi. Even though you put security measures into place a couple of years ago, it's a good idea to refresh your settings. * Use passwords What you've heard is true: Passwords should use a variety of special characters, numerals, letters, and cases when possible. * Check the shopping security Take care when shopping online. Always check the security symbols when using an online site for shopping. If the lock icon encryption is not there, do not give out credit details. Also, check that the site is legal -- never go to a site from a random email and start shopping online. Keep a separate credit card just for online shopping. This will make it easier to cancel if something bad does happen and your other credit card for "in real life" can still be used uninfluenced. Don't store information on any store's website. It may be convenient but it's also a possible loss to you if the site is hacked. This passage is mainly about _ .
|
[
"ways of avoiding identity theft",
"tips of freeing computers from viruses",
"measures to ensure network security",
"steps to keep track of passwords"
] | 0A
|
computer_security
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Plastic is everywhere because plastic is an extremely useful material. It is cheap, strong and lightweight. What's more, it can take on nearly any form or shape, from soft and stretchy to hard and glasslike. Plastic, however, is far from perfect. It may even be bad for us. Studies now suggest that poisonous chemicals can get out of some types of plastic, get into our bodies, and cause a variety of health problems, including cancer, birth defects and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder . Two types of chemicals in particular have raised special concern lately. They are called phthalates and Bisphenol-A , BPA for short. Not all plastic products contain them. But the ones that do are surrounded by controversy . That's because experts disagree on how dangerous these chemicals are. Plastic is a single word, but plastic isn't just one thing. What all plastics share in common are plasticizers -- special chemicals that allow the material to be changed into nearly any shape or texture. Plasticizers are added to plastic during the manufacturing process. Phthalates and BPA are two types of plasticizers that work in different ways. Phthalates add softness to things like shampoo bottles, raincoats and rubber. They are also used in perfumes and makeup. BPA, on the other hand, gives a hard, clear, almost glasslike feel to products such as infant bottles. BPA also appears in food and soda cans, DVDs and other unexpected places. How do these chemicals get into us? When plastic is heated in the microwave or dishwasher, chewed on or scratched, the chemicals can seep out of the plastic. Even though we can't see them, we eat them, drink them and breathe them in. Scientists and parents are especially worried about young children, who tend to chew on everything, including plastic. Dozens of countries, including the European Union, Japan, Canada and Mexico have already banned phthalates from products made for children younger than three. California and Washington have done the same. And a number of other states are considering similar rules. As for BPA, Canada became the first country to ban the chemical from baby bottles. A dozen states are considering it. Which of the following products contains BPA?
|
[
"A soft plastic cup.",
"A pencil eraser.",
"A baby milk bottle.",
"A new perfume."
] | 2C
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
In the past 300 years, more than 130 species of animals have become _ . One of these extinct species is the passenger pigeon . At one time there were millions of these birds in North America, but now there are none. The last one died in the Cincinnati Zoo in 1914. Another extinct animal is the cape lion . The animal has been extinct since 1860. What cause animals to become extinct? Too much hunting is one cause; pollution is another. Governments around the world have begun to protect wild animals in danger. In the United States, the US Fish and Wildlife Service is responsible for endangered animals. It has listed nearly 200 species of endangered animals in North America. _ isn't the reason for the extinction of wild animals in North America.
|
[
"The pollution",
"Too much killing",
"Too much hunting",
"The war"
] | 3D
|
college_biology
|
mmlu_labeled
|
It's a popular belief that a fish's memory lasts for only seven seconds. It may seem sad to think that they don't remember what they've eaten or where they've been, and they don't recognize you or any of their friends -- every moment in their life would be like seeing the world for the first time. But don't be so quick to feel sorry for them. A new study has found that fish have a much better memory than we used to think. In fact, certain species of fish can even remember events from as long as 12 days ago. In the study, researchers from MacEwan University in Canada trained a kind of fish called African cichlids to go to a certain area of their tank to get food. They then waited for 12 days before putting them back in the tank again. Researchers used computer software to monitor the fish's movements. They found that after such a long break the fish still went to the same place where they first got food. This suggested that they could remember their past experiences. In fact, scientists had been thinking for a long time that African cichlids might have a good memory. An earlier study showed that they behaved aggressively in front of certain fish, perhaps because they remembered their past "fights". But until the latest findings, there was no clear evidence. Just as a good memory can make our lives easier, it also plays an important part when a fish is trying to survive in the wild. "If fish are able to remember that a certain area contains safe food, they will be able to go back to that area without putting their lives at risks," lead researcher Trevor Hamilton toldLive Science. For a long time, fish were placed far below chimpanzees, dolphins and mice on the list of smart animals. But this study has given scientists a new understanding of their intelligence. According to the article, people used to believe that _ .
|
[
"fish could only remember part of their past experiences",
"fish could remember things that happened 12 days ago",
"a fish's memory lasted for only seven minutes",
"fish didn't recognize any of their friends"
] | 3D
|
college_biology
|
mmlu_labeled
|
What is the mass of a fly?
|
[
"1 gram",
"1 kilogram"
] | 0A
|
natural science
|
scienceqa
|
Complete the paragraph.
A volcano is a (). Volcanoes can erupt. During a volcanic eruption, melted rock () the ground.
|
[
"fire below Earth's surface . . . turns solid below",
"hole in Earth's surface . . . comes out of",
"type of melted rock . . . flows into"
] | 1B
|
natural science
|
scienceqa
|
Even a small reduction in salt in the diet can be a big help to the heart. A new study used a computer model to predict how just three grams less a day would affect heart disease in the United States. The result: thirteen percent fewer heart attacks. Eight percent fewer strokes. Four percent fewer deaths. Eleven percent fewer new cases of heart disease. And two hundred forty billion dollars in health care savings. Researchers found it could prevent one hundred thousand heart attacks and ninety-two thousand deaths every year. The study is in the New England Journal of Medicine. Kirsten, at the University of California, was the lead author. She says people would not even notice a difference in taste with three grams, or one-half teaspoon, less salt per day. The team also included researchers at Stanford and Columbia University. Each gram of salt contains four hundred milligrams of sodium, which is how foods may list their salt content. The government says the average American man eats ten grams of salt a day. The American Heart Association advises no more than three grams for healthy people. It says salt in the American diet has increased fifty percent since the nineteen seventies, while blood pressures have also risen. Less salt can mean a lower blood pressure. New York City Mayor Michael Bloomberg is leading an effort called the National Salt Reduction Initiative. The idea is to put pressure on food companies and restaurants. Mayor Bloomberg has already succeeded in other areas, like requiring fast food places in the city to list calorie information. Now a study by the Seattle Children's Research Institute shows how that idea can influence what parents order for their children. Ninety-nine parents of three to six year olds took part. Half had McDonald's menus clearly showing how many calories were in each food. The other half got menus without the calorie information. The National Salt Reduction Initiative aims to _ .
|
[
"advise Americans to eat less salt",
"put pressure on food companies and restaurants",
"require fast food places to list calorie information",
"attract the public attention to the problem"
] | 1B
|
nutrition
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Based on this information, what is Squirt's phenotype for the tail spots trait?
|
[
"a spotted tail",
"an unspotted tail"
] | 0A
|
natural science
|
scienceqa
|
I'm a Chinese girl. At school I have two good friends. Their names are Lucy and Lily. They are Americans. They are twins. They're eleven. They are good girls. Miss Gao is our English teacher. She is a good teacher. We like her very much. She likes us very much, too. We go to school at seven in the morning. At four o'clock we play games. At four thirty in the afternoon we go home. We are very happy. How old is Lucy?
|
[
"She's eleven.",
"She's twelve.",
"She's thirteen",
"She's fourteen"
] | 0A
|
elementary_mathematics
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Without plant, people could not live. We eat plants. We breathe the oxygen that plants produce. And we need plants for another reason: we need them for their beauty. Imagine a world with no plants. Imagine no flowers with their sweet smells, their beautiful colors and their lovely shapes. Imagine when the wind blows, not being able to hear the leaves in the trees or watch the branches sway from side to side. Everywhere people need the beauty of plants. That is why we have parks full of trees and flowers. That is why people always try to design houses with room for some grass and a garden. Do you talk to your plants? Do you give them love and attention? Peter Tompkins and Christopher Bird, writers of a book called THE SECRET LIFE OF PLANTS, tell of an experiment in which two seeds were planted in different places. While the plants were growing, one plant was given love and hopeful ideas. The other plant was given only hopeless ideas. After six months, the loved plant was bigger. Under the earth it had more and longer roots; above the earth, it had a thicker stem and more leaves. The experiment has proved that _ -.
|
[
"we should talk to plants and give them love",
"without plants people could not live",
"we should grow as many plants as possible",
"plants need plenty of water, sunshine and attention"
] | 0A
|
college_biology
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Offering a powerful new tool against terrorism, researchers have found a way to detect lies in the liar's blushing face. The technique, described in the journal Nature, uses a thermal camera to detect the sudden shift of blood flow in the face. The system performed as a traditional polygraph , the scientists report. Pushed by technological advances and with fresh interest since Sept.11, the discovery is part of the development in the scientific study of detection. Although the lie remains a mysterious phenomenon, researchers in recent years have found a number of new methods that might take the place of the polygraph, from brain scans, to slight changes in eye movement, to sparks of electrical activity that signal a person has seen a victim or a crime scene before. The new finding says, when a person tells a lie, there is a sudden change of blood to the area around the eyes. Although the change is not ordinary visible, the blood warms the skin, causing bands of color1 to appear through a camera sensitive to heat. One advantage of the camera can provide answers quickly, and doesn't require a highly trained expert to operate it or explain its results. In theory, this new technology could be used anywhere large numbers of people need to be quickly screened. But some scientists say the technology would need to be improved before it is ready for use, for it is possible that there are other reactions that cause a sudden change in blood flow in the face and there is also the danger that people will learn to fool the machine, the same way they try to fool polygraph examiners by controlling their breathing or taking drugs to relax themselves. We can infer that _ inspires the finding of the new way of detection.
|
[
"the need of personal security",
"the data collected in the tried ways",
"the threaten from terrorism",
"the desire for public use"
] | 2C
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
The expression "a thirst for knowledge" may soon have a new meaning for millions of people who have no way to get clean water. Researchers have developed a book with specially treated pages that can turn dirty water into clean and drinkable water. They say their invention could improve the lives of many in the developing world. About 700 million people around the world are at risk of disease or even death because their drinking water is not clean. The water is polluted by harmful bacteria. The book contains 25 pages. Each page is about one millimeter thick. The pages contain very small particles of silver. The pages can be used as filters to remove harmful microorganisms that can pollute drinking water. The filter kills the organisms that pass through it. Pictures on the pages show the dangers of dirty water and how to use the book for those unable to read. The pages are made of filter paper. They are designed to be torn from the book. Water can be poured through the paper to be cleaned. Ms. Dankovich, the inventor, says each page can treat up to 100 liters of water. She recently presented her invention at the meeting of the American Chemical Society in Boston, Massachusetts. She was asked whether she had considered adding classic literature on the book's pages. "The idea of classic texts--that's of interest maybe later. We have discussed a little bit more exciting text. But we really haven't had the time to go through _ " she says. Teri Dankovich and another researcher tested the drinkable book in Bangladesh, Ghana and South Africa. The tests proved to be successful. Water for Life, a non-governmental organization, has provided financial support for the project. What do we learn about the book from the text?
|
[
"It sells well around the world.",
"It has pages with several functions.",
"It is about environment protection.",
"It can treat about 100 liters of water."
] | 1B
|
college_medicine
|
mmlu_labeled
|
Select the animal.
|
[
"Penguins walk and swim.",
"Almond trees can grow many small flowers."
] | 0A
|
natural science
|
scienceqa
|
The food in America is different from (......) that in China. The American people eat a lot of potatoes. They like to eat them every day. They often eat bread. They eat it with cheese, butter or jam . Cheese and butter are made from milk. The American people drink a lot of milk. They put it in the tea. They also drink coffee. And they like meat or fish with vegetables. After the meal, they have something sweet,it's dessert. What's the passage about?
|
[
"The food in America.",
"The food in China.",
"The food in America and China.",
"The food in the world."
] | 0A
|
nutrition
|
mmlu_labeled
|
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