princeton-nlp/QuRatedPajama-1B_tokens_for_analysis

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O Pacto Molotov–Ribbentrop, também conhecido como Pacto Nazi–Soviético, Pacto de Não Agressão Germano–Soviético ou Pacto de Não Agressão Germano Nazi-Soviético (oficialmente: Tratado de Não Agressão entre a Alemanha e a União das Repúblicas Socialistas Soviéticas), foi um pacto de neutralidade entre a Alemanha Nazista e a União Soviética assinado em Moscou, em 23 de agosto de 1939, pelos ministros dos Negócios Estrangeiros Joachim von Ribbentrop e Viatcheslav Molotov, respectivamente. A este pacto seguiu-se o Acordo Comercial Germano-Soviético em fevereiro de 1940. O pacto estabelecia esferas de influência entre as duas potências, confirmadas pelo protocolo suplementar do Tratado da Fronteira Germano–Soviético alterado depois da invasão conjunta da Polônia. O pacto manteve-se em vigor durante dois anos, até o dia do ataque da Alemanha às posições soviéticas na Polónia Oriental durante a Operação Barbarossa, em 22 de junho de 1941. As cláusulas do pacto entre os nazistas e os soviéticos incluíam uma garantia escrita de não beligerância de parte a parte, nenhum dos governos se aliaria a, ou ajudaria, um inimigo da outra parte. Para além do estabelecido sobre não agressão, o tratado incluía um protocolo secreto que dividia os territórios da Polônia, Lituânia, Letônia, Estônia, Finlândia e Romênia, em esferas de influência alemãs e soviéticas, antecipando uma "reorganização territorial e política" destes países. Em 1 de Setembro de 1939, ocorreu a Invasão da Polônia. O líder soviético, Josef Stalin, deu ordem para a invasão da Polônia a 17 de Setembro, um dia após o cessar-fogo em Khalkhin Gol. Em novembro, partes das regiões da Carélia e Salla na Finlândia foram anexadas pela União Soviética depois da Guerra de Inverno. Seguidamente, os soviéticos anexaram a Estónia, a Letónia, a Lituânia e partes da Roménia (Bessarábia, o Norte de Bucovina e a região de Herța). A preocupação anunciada sobre os ucranianos étnicos e bielorrussos foi apresentada como justificativa para a invasão soviética da Polónia. A invasão de Bucovina por Stalin em 1940, violou o pacto pois ia além da esfera de influências acordada com o Eixo. Os territórios polacos anexados pela União Soviética depois da invasão nazi-soviética da Polónia mantiveram-se na URSS no final da Segunda Guerra Mundial. A nova fronteira foi estabelecida ao longo da Linha Curzon. Apenas a região em redor de Białystok e uma pequena parte da Galícia a este do rio San junto a Przemyśl, foram devolvidas ao estado polaco a partir dessa linha. De todos os outros territórios anexados pela URSS em 1939–40, aqueles separados da Finlândia (Carélia, Pechengsky ), Estónia (área de Íngria e condado de Petseri) e Letónia (Abrene) permaneceram na Rússia, o estado sucessor da URSS depois da dissolução da União Soviética em 1991. O Norte de Bucovina, o Sul da Bessarábia e Herta mantiveram-se na Ucrânia. A existência de um protocolo em segredo foi negada pelo governo soviético até 1989, quando foi finalmente reconhecido e denunciado. 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ize como "imoral", também defende que o pacto era um mal necessário. Antecedentes O resultado da Primeira Guerra Mundial foi desastroso tanto para o Reich Alemão como para a Rússia. Durante a guerra, os bolcheviques lutaram pela sobrevivência, e Vladimir Lenin reconheceu a independência da Finlândia, da Estônia, da Letônia, da Lituânia e da Polônia. Além disso, diante de um avanço militar alemão, Lenin e Trotsky foram forçados a fazer parte do Tratado de Brest-Litovski, que cedeu muitos territórios russos ocidentais ao Império Alemão. Após o colapso da Alemanha, um exército multinacional aliado interveio na Guerra Civil Russa (1917–22). Em 16 de abril de 1922, a Alemanha e a União Soviética fizeram o Tratado de Rapallo, nos termos do qual ambos renunciaram a reclamar territórios e a créditos financeiros entre eles. Cada lado ainda se comprometeu a ter uma posição de neutralidade em caso de um ataque contra o outro no Tratado de Berlim de 1926. Embora o comércio entre os dois países tenha caído drasticamente após a Primeira Guerra Mundial, a assinatura de acordos de comércio em meados da década de 1920 ajudaram a aumentar o comércio para 433 milhões de Reichsmarks por ano por volta de 1927. No início da década de 1930, a ascensão ao poder do Partido Nazi aumentou as tensões entre a Alemanha e a União Soviética e a outros países com cidadãos de etnia eslava, que eram considerados "Untermenschen" (inferiores; sub-humanos) de acordo com a ideologia racial nazi. Além disso, os nazis antissemitas associavam os judeus ao comunismo e ao capitalismo financeiro, aos quais eles se opunham. As teorias nazis consideravam que os eslavos na União Soviética estavam a ser governados por "mestres judeus bolcheviques". Em 1934, o próprio Adolf Hitler referiu uma inevitável batalha contra o pan-eslavismo e neo-eslavismo, a vitória que poderia levar a um "domínio do mundo" permanente, embora tenha afirmado que "fariam o caminho a pé com os russos, se eles nos ajudassem." A manifestação resultante do anti-bolchevismo alemão e um aumento da dívida externa soviética, causou um declínio drástico nas relações comerciais germano–soviéticas. As Importações de bens soviéticos para a Alemanha caiu para 223 milhões de Reichsmarks em 1934 à medida que o regime isolacionista estalinista afirmava o seu poder, e que o abandono das imposições militares do Tratado de Versalhes diminuía a dependência da Alemanha das importações soviéticas. Em 1936, a Alemanha e a Itália Fascista apoiaram os nacionalistas espanhóis na Guerra Civil Espanhola, enquanto os soviéticos apoiaram a parcialmente socialista Segunda República espanhola. Assim, a guerra civil espanhola tornou-se uma guerra por procuração entre a Alemanha e a URSS. Em 1936, a Alemanha e o Japão assinaram o Pacto Anti-Comintern Pacto, sendo acompanhados, um ano mais tarde, pela Itália. Acordo de Munique A violenta retórica antissoviética de Hitler foi uma das razões que levaram a Grã-Bretanha e a França a decidir que a participação soviética na Conferência de Munique em 1938 acerca da Checoslováquia, seria perigosa e inútil. O Acordo de Munique que se seguiu marcou uma anexação parcial alemã	-0.176429	-0.135034	-0.804882	0.704056	[ -0.10606176314416801, -0.24679591347379062 ]	[ -0.18382824343313287, -0.08623898575175319 ]	[ -0.6780695406842423, -0.9316936432226692 ]	[ 0.5713860785666944, 0.8367258459284886 ]	1,024	[ 512, 512 ]	[ 675, 1986, 376, 326, 11251, 613, 10409, 822, 3324, 712, 288, 282, 627, 29877, 3152, 1922, 4439, 3520, 12288, 29889, 13, 13, 2744, 371, 1133, 5326, 29871, 13, 29949, 24578, 1146, 15512, 3055, 13838, 16060, 4732, 553, 23364, 578, 12264, 1702, 288, 9320, 319, 2409, 1368, 1986, 1702, 263, 390, 30030, 893, 423, 29889, 13912, 263, 9798, 29892, 2897, 15772, 1173, 1403, 1912, 15481, 11269, 10571, 4166, 24759, 10544, 29892, 321, 27880, 16206, 262, 8265, 354, 22541, 263, 11061, 10544, 1146, 4231, 29880, 12548, 423, 29892, 1146, 2661, 30069, 3915, 29892, 1146, 2803, 30069, 3915, 29892, 1146, 365, 1981, 30057, 3915, 321, 1146, 2043, 30069, 3915, 29889, 838, 2249, 766, 578, 29892, 652, 1647, 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da Checoslováquia no final de 1938, seguida pela sua dissolução completa em março de 1939, , a qual fazia parte do apaziguamento da Alemanha realizado pelos gabinetes de Chamberlain e Daladier. Esta política levantou de imediato a questão de se saber se a União Soviética poderia evitar estar do lado de Hitler. A liderança soviética acreditava que o Ocidente queria incentivar a agressão alemã no Leste e que a França e a Grã-Bretanha podiam permanecer neutra numa guerra iniciada pela Alemanha, na esperança de que os estados beligerantes ficassem exaustos e colocassem um fim tanto à União Soviética como à Alemanha Nazi. Para a Alemanha, devido ao facto de uma abordagem económica autárquica ou de uma aliança com a Grã-Bretanha serem impossíveis, o estreitamento das relações com a União Soviética para a obtenção de matérias-primas tornou-se necessário, nem que fosse apenas por razões económicas. Além disso, o bloqueio esperado por parte dos britânicos em caso de guerra criaria enorme escassez de matérias-primas essenciais à Alemanha. Depois do acordo de Munique, o aumento resultante de recursos para o exército alemão, e as necessidades de suprimentos para os equipamentos militares soviéticos, levaram a negociações entre os dois países entre o final de 1938 e março de 1939. O terceiro Plano de Cinco Anos soviético exigia novas tecnologias e equipamentos industriais. Os estrategas de guerra alemães estimaram graves faltas de matérias-primas se a Alemanha entrasse em guerra sem fornecimentos soviéticos. Em 31 de março de 1939, em resposta ao desafio da Alemanha Nazi com o Acordo de Munique e a ocupação da Checoslováquia, a Grã-Bretanha comprometeu-se em apoiar, tal como a França, a independência da Polónia, Bélgica, Roménia, Grécia e Turquia. A 6 de abril, a Polônia e a Grã-Bretanha concordaram em formalizar a garantia na forma de uma aliança militar. A 28 de abril, Hitler denunciou o Pacto de Não agressão germano-polaco de 1934, e o Acordo Naval anglo-alemão de 1935. Com início em meados de março de 1939, numa tentativa de travar o expansionismo de Hitler, a União Soviética, a Grã-Bretanha e a França trocaram uma série de sugestões para elaborar um potencial acordo militar e político. Embora as consultas informais tenham começado em abril, as negociações principais tiveram início apenas em maio. Ao mesmo tempo, ao longo de todo o ano de 1939, a Alemanha tinha contatado secretamente os diplomatas soviéticos sugerindo que podia oferecer melhores condições para um acordo político do que a Grã-Bretanha e a França. A União Soviética, que temia as potências Ocidentais e a possibilidade de um "cerco capitalista", pouco acreditava que a guerra poderia ser evitada, ou descrença no Exército Polaco, e queria nada menos do que uma aliança blindada com a França e a Grã-Bretanha a qual garantiria um apoio um ataque em duas frentes à Alemanha; assim, a adesão de Estaline à linha de segurança coletiva era puramente condicional. 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de Guangdong japonês na fronteira com a Manchúria. A França estava mais ansiosa para chegar a acordo com a URSS que os britânicos; como potência continental, encontrava-se mais aberta a fazer concessões e mais receosa com os perigos de um acordo entre a URSS e a Alemanha. Estas posições contrastantes explicavam parcialmente o porquê de a URSS ter realizado um jogo-duplo em 1939: levar a cabo negociações às claras para uma aliança com os Britânicos e os Francesas, enquanto, secretamente, considerar um acordo com a Alemanha. No final de maio, foram apresentadas as propostas finais. Em meados de junho, as negociações tripartidas tiveram início. A discussão estava focada nas potenciais garantias dadas aos países da Europa central e de leste caso se surgisse uma agressão por parte da Alemanha. A URSS propôs que se considerasse que uma viragem política em direção à Alemanha pelos Estados Bálticos constituiria uma "agressão indireta" à União Soviética. Os britânicos opuseram-se a esta proposta, pois temiam que o texto proposto pelos soviéticos pudesse justificar uma intervenção soviética na Finlândia e nos Estados Bálticos, ou forçasse estes países a procurar um relacionamento de maior proximidade com a Alemanha. A discussão sobre a definição de "agressão indireta" tornou-se um dos pontos de desentendimento entre as partes e, em meados de julho, as negociações políticas tripartidas estagnaram, enquanto as partes concordaram em dar início a negociações sobre um acordo militar, o qual os soviéticos insistiam em que devia ser negociado em simultâneo com qualquer acordo político. Um dias antes das negociações militares começaram, o politburo do CPSU, na expectativa pessimista de que as negociações que estavam para vir não iam dar a lado algum, decidiram formalmente considerar as propostas alemãs. As negociações sobre os temas militares começaram no dia 12 de agosto em Moscovo com a delegação britânica chefiada por Sir Reginald Drax, um almirante da reforma, a delegação francesa liderada pelo general Aimé Doumenc, e a soviética tendo à frente Kliment Voroshilov, comissário da Defesa e Boris Shaposhnikov, chefe do estado-maior. Sem as devidas credenciais, Drax não estava autorizado a garantir fosse o que fosse à União Soviética, e recebeu orientações do governo britânico para prolongar as discussões o maior tempo possível e evitar responder à questão se a Polónia concordaria em permitir que as tropas soviéticas entrassem no país de a Alemanha invadisse. Como as negociações fracassaram, outra oportunidade para evitar a agressão alemã ficou por terra. O tratado e suas consequências Foi assinado em Moscou na madrugada de 24 de agosto de 1939 (mas datada de 23 de agosto) pelo então ministro do exterior soviético Viatcheslav Molotov e pelo então ministro do exterior da Alemanha Joachim von Ribbentrop. Em linhas gerais estabelecia que ambas as nações se comprometiam a manter-se afastadas uma da outra em termos bélicos. Nenhuma nação favoreceria os inimigos da outra, nem tampouco invadiriam os seus respectivos territórios, além do que, a União Soviética não reagiria a uma agressão alemã à Polônia, e que, em contrapartida, a Alemanha apoiaria uma invasão soviética à Finlândia, entre outras concessões. De fato à invasão nazista seguiu-se a Invasão Soviética da Polónia e também da Finlândia ainda em 1939. 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Nickelodeon's Adaptation of 'School of Rock' Could Be Good if They Avoid These Mistakes By Kadeen Griffiths In 2003, an underrated Jack Black film hit the theaters. School of Rock was critically acclaimed and made a ton of money, but Black's performance in it was later overshadowed by the more widely popular 2008 film Tropic Thunder. School of Rock remains one of Black's more popular films, but it's also a pretty forgettable film — at least, it was until now. Jack Black might not be appearing in it, but Nickelodeon is turning School of Rock into a TV show that has already secured 13 episodes to start the series off with. According to The Hollywood Reporter, the television series has the exact same premise as the movie and "[revolves] around the adventures and misadventures of Dewey Finn, a down-on-his-luck rocker who poses as a substitute teacher at a prestigious prep school as he teaches his eccentric, unconventional and overachieving students to play and love rock 'n' roll." Dewey Finn was played by Jack Black in the film, but there has been no word on casting yet. However, the original director and producer of School of Rock will be returning to executive produce the series. The movie also starred Miranda Cosgrove, a former Nickelodeon star best known for her roles as Megan Parker in Drake & Josh and Carly Shay in iCarly, so the anticipation is really on to see if Miranda Cosgrove will return to Nickelodeon in order to reprise her role as Summer "Tinkerbell" Hathaway. Even if she doesn't, Nickelodeon has to be careful not to let School of Rock fall into certain dangers that would get it cancelled like so many other Nickeldeon shows before it. Here are the three main things they need to avoid: 1. School of Rock is not Glee. Considering the general summary of the new show, Nickelodeon will have to be careful not to fall into the trap of trying to make School of Rock comparable to Fox's Glee. Both shows feature a down-on-his-luck teacher (or "teacher" in Dewey Finn's case) and his eccentric, musically-gifted students. Although Glee was initially wildly popular for being new and different and hilarious, the show is now a mere shell of its former self that is a labor of love to watch for longtime fans. At best, School of Rock will receive a lot of unfavorable Glee comparisons even though the two have nothing to do with each other at all. At worst, School of Rock will be ignored by those who consider it less entertaining than Glee and those who hate Glee and don't want to watch a bargain basement version of it. 2. School of Rock is also not Victorious. Already, the School of Rock series sounds like it's going to be the spiritual successor to the Nickelodeon show Victorious, which was cancelled in order to make room for the spin-off show Sam & Cat. (Ironically, Sam & Cat was canceled as well.) Victorious followed the lives of aspiring musicians and actors at a California school called Hollywood Arts after the main character, played by Victoria Justice, lucked her way into an acceptance to the school. Victorious featured original songs largely sung by Victoria Justice, though her co-stars including Ariana Grande sometimes got in on the action, and fans often complained that too much musical focus was given to Justice over her more talented co-stars. The School of Rock show needs to make sure everyone gets a chance to shine. 3. Let it breathe. A common failing with Nickelodeon shows is that the characters never really get the chance to grow and develop naturally. Instead, many characters tend to become whatever they need to be in order to set up for the next joke or get pulled into the next plot. Consistency isn't Nickelodeon's finest trait on its shows and, contrary to popular belief, kids of the world aren't too young to notice. Instead of trying too hard to be School of Rock the film, or focusing too much on the eccentricities of the children and not the depth, Nickelodeon should let the show grow and breathe as the actors become comfortable with their characters. 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No-one really wants to build a team of fitness coaches (at first). But for many successful fitness professionals, circumstances force the issue. They hit a "time ceiling" where their hours are maxed out and they have no capacity to do more. What if you your clients don't want to train with anyone else but you? What if you can't really afford to pay someone else (just when you've finally gotten to a place where you can consistently pay yourself a descent income)? Where do you find good people (and how do you recruit, interview, hire, onboard and manage them once you've found them? Is it really possible to find team members who care about serving your clients as much as you do? All these questions express legitimate fears and risks. You take a chance when you hire people. But you take a bigger chance if you don't. You can't continue growing (and build a business that allows you to grow beyond trading time for money) WITHOUT hiring a team to work with you. If you don't grow, you'll just grind away sacrificing bits of yourself and your time … until you can't any longer. That's why the answer to these questions above becomes: How do you 'make the leap' and build the team who will "deliver the goods" at the same level as you? Many fitness business owners use a scattershot approach and hope for the best. They let their own need for help push the process (e.g., they hire the person in front of them because they need someone right away). You're better off using a system. Inside your network: Use a career opportunities page on your website your social media and email list, your newsletter, and ask your clients for referrals. Outside of your network: Contact local colleges and universities, certification body job boards, and advertise and list with career sites, such Indeed, LinkedIn, Craigslist, Kijiji. Too many fitness business owners look for immediate results, and pay a lot of attention to the first round of ads. But you want to commit to regularly reviewing your "captured" candidate information. The best people don't always respond on Day 1. Are you checking every day for results – or just looking to get the process over with and "get back to work"? Don't. The risks are too great. Hire slowly. Four (4) interviews are optimal to evaluate candidates: a quick screening, a group interview, a private interview, and a take-home project. This gives you many perspectives on someone's talents and fit. Set up your new team members for success. Get clear on the knowledge, systems, and skills that must be trained for performance in the role. And invest early in professional development and map out a path to success within 30 days. Week 1: New hires learn about the company, the story of your business, and how it got started. Week 2: This week is for role specific training, such as how to greet clients, how to handle difficult clients, and any legal and policy-related rules. Week 3: Have them shadow your best coaches, and start to support teaching or running a class or sessions when you feel they are ready. Week 4: New coaches should be set up to run with clients on their own by the end of the week. 5: Ongoing training & development. Developing skills is a lifelong process. The best fitness businesses are learning organisations, where staff members are constantly honing their skills. Set aside time for training on a regular basis and develop individual and team plans for success. • You've hired a team of A-players who are as committed to your business and serving your clients as you are. • Your team members allow you to reclaim capacity and time to work more ON the business instead of just working IN it. • Identify a path forward to continue growing your business while having more free time to enjoy your success and do the things you love to do. • You make a bad hire and have to fire (or have a coach quit) after just a few months. • You upset clients and many quit to go train somewhere else. • You get pulled back into training during hours you need for other responsibilities. • You're working all the time and feel like a prisoner to your business. • Continued stress and pressure from running around and putting out fires all the time. INVEST in building a team! 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Remarkable Rescues Of The Indian Rock Python December 27, 2022 \| By Neellohit Banerjee The Indian Rock python (Python molurus) is a widely found species and they inhabit various ecosystems and habitats. It is the largest snake found in India, measuring up to 16-20 feet in length and weighing as heavy as 90 kilograms! They are primarily nocturnal and terrestrial, but these ambush predators can be selectively arboreal if the need arises. Geographically, the Indian Rock python is widespread across the lower half of Asia, and is native to India, Pakistan, Nepal and Sri Lanka. The tropical climate of India creates the ideal habitat for this non-venomous species. Know Thy Python This species is distinguishable by its usual whitish or yellowish body colour, with blotched patterns varying from tan to dark brown shades. However, this varies with terrain and habitat, since individuals from the hill forests of the Western Ghats and Assam are darker, while those found in the Deccan Plateau and Eastern Ghats are usually lighter. Rainforests, river valleys, woodlands, scrublands, grassy marshes and rocky foothills are some of the habitats that the Indian Rock python likes to call it's home. This species is often found close to water sources, and seems to prefer damp environments. These snakes can be identified by its whitish or yellowish body colour and blotched patterns varying from tan to dark brown shades. [Photo (c) Wildlife SOS/Shresatha Pachori] In the case of pythons, females are generally bigger and heavier than males. So if you ever chance upon this individual, you may be able to take an educated guess about the reptile's sex. Pythons reach sexual maturity at the age of 2-3 years, and have a gestation period of nearly 3 months. During the incubation period, the female usually does not leave the eggs and once it is time, the eggs hatch giving birth to an average of 40 offspring. Indian Rock pythons are solitary reptiles and they can only be seen in pairs during mating. The reason why these snakes are found near water bodies is that they are excellent swimmers and are known to hold their breath underwater for almost 30 minutes. Phew! Talk about setting a new record among snakes! But their reputation as ambush predators precedes this, as they are stealth hunters in the wild. Chemoreception, the ability to respond to chemical stimuli in the environment, is crucial to their hunting and feeding habits. They detect their prey by scent or by sensing their body heat with the help of heat-sensing organs present on their heads. Pythons reach sexual maturity when they are roughly 2-3 years old. [Photo (c) Wildlife SOS] Being a carnivore, the snake's diet mostly consists of live prey and it kills them by first biting and then constricting the prey until it suffocates. The python's diet includes rodents, small birds, amphibians and even small reptiles. Pythons are known for their unique way of feeding where they swallow their food whole. A python is able to achieve this by dislocating its jaw and then stretching its highly elastic skin. This allows the snake to swallow animals many times larger than its own head. Once their stomach is full, this giant can go weeks without a meal! Threats to the Giant Like all other wild animals, the Indian Rock python is also not immune to anthropogenic threats. Poaching of these snakes due to the illegal pet trade and the merciless slaughter of pythons for their skin are two of the biggest threats to this particular species. The exquisite skins have made them an object of human greed and are much coveted in the leather trade. Moreover, a new conundrum has emerged on the list of dangers that this snake species face. In central India's Keoladeo National Park, popularly known as Bharatpur in Rajasthan, conservation biologists discovered a lurking threat to the species. 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in the country. Researchers found that disturbances due to tourist activities have directly altered the behaviour and reproductive ability of the pythons! You might be wondering how? Being ectothermic animals (those who seek heat from external environmental sources), pythons bask in the sun for long periods of time. These reptiles are ectothermic, and therefore derive heat from an external environmental source. [Photo (c) Wildlife SOS/Nikhil Bisht] An incessant footfall of visitors near the python burrows has interfered with their winter basking routine. As tourists ventured into their natural habitat, their proximity compelled the giants to retreat into their burrows. These snakes regulate their body temperature by basking in the sun, and the reduced duration of this can harm their reproductive ability. Continuous expansion of human habitation and rapid deforestation due to urbanisation also remain threats to wildlife and biodiversity, and the python isn't exempt from it. Heroics of Delhi and Agra Teams Due to human encroachment, the pythons' natural habitat has shrunk as a result of fragmentation, degradation and destruction. These reptiles face insurmountable odds while trying to make a living in the modern concrete jungle. Wildlife SOS has rescued pythons from life-threatening scenarios in the past — some were strangled in fishing nets while some became victims of vehicular accidents, only to suffer major fractures and bruises. The Wildlife SOS Rapid Response Units have been responding to distress calls related to python rescues in Delhi-NCR, Agra and Vadodara. This year has been quite eventful when it comes to encounters with this large snake. For the Delhi team, the year started with the rescue of a 12-foot-long python, weighing between 35-40 kg! The reptile was rescued by Wildlife SOS from Delhi Jal Board's Bhagirathi Water Treatment Plant after the operators located the snake on top of an intake chamber. Weighing between 35-40kg, the gigantic snake was rescued from Delhi Jal Board's water treatment plant. [Photo (c) Wildlife SOS] The Delhi team rescued not one but two pythons from near the Qutub Minar metro station this year, once in August and again in October. The Indian Rock python is a commonly found reptile in this area, as the Qutub Minar metro station is located close to Sanjay Van which is home to several animal species. October was extremely active as the rescue team had to conduct back-to-back rescues of three pythons. In addition to the Qutub Minar rescue, Wildlife SOS rescued a 6-foot-long individual from the Central Reserve Police Force (CRPF) Institute in Vasant Kunj, and a 7-foot-long snake from a residential area in Rohini, Sector 16. This certain snake was rescued from the CRPF Institute in Vasant Kunj, Delhi. [Photo (c) Wildlife SOS/Kunal Malhotra] The Rapid Response Unit in Agra wasn't far behind with one of the notable mentions coming earlier this year in March. The team rescued a python that was 5 feet long from Dayalbagh, where the snake was seen coiled behind an idol. Again in August 2022, Wildlife SOS rescued an individual from an extremely precarious situation where the snake was stuck inside a truck's bonnet on an Agra highway. The team safely rescued the reptile after a tense 1.5-hour-long operation. At the end of November, our team rescued two humongous Indian Rock pythons in successive operations. The 11-foot-long snake got accidentally caught in a fishing net and was under immense stress. [Photo (c) Wildlife SOS] The larger one, measuring nearly 12 feet and weighing over 25 kg, was rescued from Koila Alipur village in Mathura and the other one nearly 11 feet in length and almost 21 kg in weight was rescued from Mohri Kirawali village near Agra. 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Synopsis of Act IV scene iii Pompey comments on how many of Mistress Overdone's former customers he has encountered in gaol. Abhorson tries to get Barnardine ready for execution, but the drunken Barnardine insists he is in no fit state to die. The Duke, still disguised as a friar, also tries to prepare him for death, but Barnardine will not listen. The Duke agrees that it would be wrong to execute him when his soul is so unprepared. This poses a problem, as he and the Provost had hoped to use Barnardine's head as a substitute for Claudio's. However, the Provost now reveals that another prisoner, a pirate called Ragozine, has just died and they can use his head; the Duke is very pleased about this. He tells the Provost to keep both Claudio and Barnardine hidden in secret cells; he is planning to write to Angelo to tell him to meet the Duke at the city gates. Isabella arrives, hoping to hear news of Claudio's reprieve, but the Duke decides to let her think that her brother has been executed – as was indeed Angelo's plan. Isabella is distraught, but the 'friar' tells her that the Duke is shortly to return to Vienna. She is to take letters to Friar Peter who will arrange for Isabella and Mariana to appear before the Duke to put their case against Angelo. Lucio arrives, and commiserates with Isabella about Claudio's death. Isabella leaves. Lucio, not realising to whom he is speaking, again comments on the lax morals of the Duke. During this conversation, Lucio admits he lied to the Duke to escape the law when accused of fathering a child by a prostitute. Commentary on Act IV scene iii I am as well acquainted here as I was in our house of profession – Pompey comically lists examples of the kind of rogues who might be found both in a whore-house and in prison. The fact that they are in prison seems to suggest that Angelo's strict enforcement of the law is having some impact on Vienna, a city in which formerly, as the Duke himself admitted in Act I sc iii, 'Liberty plucks Justice by the nose.. and quite athwart goes all decorum.' Barnardine … I hear his straw rustle – Straw was commonly used as matting and bedding for humans, but this line also gives an image of an animal moving in its pen; this reinforces the idea that the grossly drunk Barnardine, who has no concern for his soul, is more like an animal than a human. (See also Themes and significant ideas > The nature of humanity). Here comes your ghostly father – 'Ghostly' means 'spiritual'. Once again, the disguised Duke is about to pretend he is a priest and to give final confession. A creature unprepar'd, unmeet for death – The Duke is aware that all human 'creatures' – that is, beings created by God – have souls as well as bodies. Their souls are immortal, and will continue after death, coming before God for judgement. Hence every person needs to be spiritually prepared for the life after death. (See also Themes and significant ideas > Judgement on earth and in heaven). And to transport him in the mind he is / Were damnable – Those responsible for sending a man to his death before his soul is prepared commit an act so evil that they too could be damned. More about killing the unprepared soul: In other plays Shakespeare also shows his revulsion at the idea of killing someone whose soul has not been prepared; it is worse than just the murder of the body: In Hamlet (Act I sc v) the Ghost of Hamlet's father demands vengeance not just because he was killed but because he was 'sent to my account with all my imperfections on my head.' In Othello (Act V sc ii) when he is about to murder Desdemona, Othello tells her, 'If you bethink you of any crime Unreconcil'd as yet to heaven and to grace,' she should 'Solicit for it straight'; he 'would not kill thy unprepared spirit.' 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Ere twice the sun hath made his journal greeting – Before two days pass. More on time in the play: As Act IV sc ii ended, it was almost dawn, and scene iii continues the same day. Yet in Act IV sc ii the Duke told the Provost he needed 'four days' respite' to make all things clear, although now he seems to be planning to return within two. However, later in this same scene he tells Isabella that 'The Duke comes home tomorrow'. (See also Structure > Time-scale). But I will keep her ignorant of her good, / To make her heavenly comforts of despair / When it is least expected – Another very problematic decision by the Duke. Withholding from Isabella the news that her brother is still alive seems particularly cruel; the idea that, when she eventually finds out, the news will give her 'heavenly comfort' does not seem an acceptable justification. Of course, from the point of view of the plot, it is essential that Isabella should believe she is pleading for her brother's killer when she begs for Angelo's life. O I will to him and pluck out his eyes – Isabella's first instinct is for vengeance, but by the end of the play she has learnt the importance of mercy – as has Angelo. Damn'd Angelo – The juxtaposition of the name Angelo with the word damn'd encapsulates ideas of sinfulness and salvation in the play. The old fantastical duke of dark corners – Lucio is again suggesting that the Duke was surreptitiously involved in sexual exploits; but for the audience, who has observed the Duke's role in disguise, there may well be the other implication of secret activity within the state. You'll answer this one day – The Duke is referring to the fact that Lucio does not realise he is speaking to the very man he is slandering; Lucio will later have to face the Duke's wrath. However, there is also perhaps implicit in this remark the idea of the Last Judgement before God: the similarities and differences of judgement on earth and in heaven are a central issue of the play. I was once before him for getting as wench with child … but I was fain to forswear it – Mistress Overdone has already mentioned (in Act III sc ii) that Lucio has fathered a child which he has abandoned. As we have seen in his denouncing of Pompey and Mistress Overdone, Lucio is quick enough to condemn others; by the end of the play he too will receive judgement. Investigating Act IV scene iii Barnardine seems at first to be introduced as someone whose head can provide a substitute for Claudio's, but in the end this is not the case. What might be Shakespeare's reason for introducing Barnardine? Which issues and themes does this character allow Shakespeare to present to the audience? A man belonging to a Christian religious group who, instead of living within an enclosed religious house, travelled round teaching the Christian faith, and sustaining himself by begging for charity. 1. Genesis indicates that death was not part of the orginal plan for human beings but is one of the consequences of the Fall. 2. The death of Jesus is presented as opening up the possibility of reconciliation with God. A person whose role is to carry out religious functions. A being who is not mortal, that is, who will never die; living forever. 1. Wisdom. 2. A decision about guilt, and / or the passing of sentence by the person presiding over a court of justice. 3. In the Bible, God's verdict on human behaviour especially on the Day of Judgement at the end of time. Word used in the Authorised Version of the Bible for punishment or destruction, referring to the fate of those who are found on the Day of Judgement to have rejected Jesus Christ (Revelation 20:12-15). Revenge; an act of retaliation for a real or imagined injury, in which the revenger sees him- or herself as entitled to carry out their own idea of justice and to take the law into their own hands. The care and concern for future well-being; in particular, the care of God the Father for all creation. The showing of pity and compassion; in particular, the grace and forgiveness offered by God to sinful humans if they repent of their wrong-doings. 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Once you click our Link, you will be redirected to an very clear lender's website where you can review the terms of the speedy personal loan, including details about all the necessary rates and fees. If you accept these fundamental terms, the Fairview lender will deposit dollar directly into your Fairview bank account. Every Fairview inquiry received is handled with care and speed. We recognize a short term funding is a private matter. 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Measure inspiration in regards to obtaining motivation to attain our targets, right now there are a few of us just who simply effortlessly have got itand afterward right now there are other folks who struggle to find and embrace it. When that is inspiration that you want, or inspiration that you would like, gratitude usually helps. Your motivation will increase. In my personal experience, there may be just 1 motivation, which is desire. Understanding motivation usually means that that you need to figure out human being nature. Many people think that determination is with respect to lazy persons simply because they simply can't be bothered getting factors done. Built-in motivation is within reality likewise as proposal. If you or perhaps someone you know seems to lack motivation, it would be a excellent notion to clearly decide or outline the desired goals you intend to reach. Determination may possibly be tricky point to come by. Personal inspiration is the thing that generates all of us internally and externally to be successful in what ever we wish to succeed in. The Power of Motivation It is troublesome to encourage yourself. Inspiration is certainly the secret to success to improving upon performance. This Here is normally where the turmoil starts off. Anytime there is appropriate inspiration, that enhances good efficiency and larger production to the sustenance of this national rise and development mainly because well as the survival of the people. Determination is frequently an external obama's stimulus. So inspiration can point out the procedure intended for stimulating the interest of an specific to carry a head out to a sure aim. It is an interior process that makes a person head toward a goal. For a organization to succeed and survive, inspiration of the staff is vital. Everything features to end up being specific in your head, if it's certainly not after that that you simply in larger problem. Your mind has decided that it can be totally reliant on some thing. You maintain the points that may totally free your thoughts to find all the opportunities out there. The value of life is to find your gift idea. Take into consideration the direction that you would like your lifestyle for being probably in and energy to number out who have been in a posture to do something similar. Each time you have a few sort of get in the existence, it is setting up you enhance to get more detailed achievement down the line. One other way to continue to be motivated when ever poor folks desire to try to discourage you can be to understand what you want out of life. Typically just head out through life eager to go through mainly because to get hesitant to try away something different. In lots of instances, a deficiency of determination could just be attributed to certainly not feeling inspired. It is normally a process rather than a product. It is certainly an area of psychology which has gotten significant amounts of attention, particularly in the recent years. If you encourage determination that may change your life. Motivation can arrive right from numerous options. First of all, it is far from a'bad thing'. It is very difficult to come by, thus if it is ranking right ahead in the form of a genial competition, it will be silly to let that sidestep you. The interesting issue is that some people look to slip-up motivation with regards to inspiration. The business is monetarily buckled. On the other hand very much you like your organization, there are likely moments whenever you have a tendency wish to make a change. You include to produce sure that you own a target marketplace and a business composition which you're so fond of that no person should call attention you to industry. You are most likely to be a little more confident in your ability to succeed. The capacity to continue to be driven consistently and have action decides the types of results we all achieve. Point out yourself that you've the skills and the drive to undertake the whole thing that you want to and take the possibilities provided to you. Computing motivation in regards to selecting inspiration to attain the marks, presently there are a few of us who also only effortlessly contain itand then there are others who find it difficult to find and embrace it. When it is motivation that you want, or inspiration that you would like, gratitude generally helps. The motivation will increase. In my experience, there is certainly just one particular motivation, and that is desire. Understanding motivation usually means that that you need to figure out human being nature. Some individuals think that inspiration is intended for sluggish persons since they just can't be bothered getting details done. Intrinsic motivation is in reality just the same as proposal. 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it would be a terrific idea to clearly decide or determine the desired goals you would like to reach. Determination may well be tricky point to discover. Personal inspiration is the element that driving us in the camera and externally to be good in what at any time we would like to succeed in. The Power of Motivation It can also be challenging to encourage yourself. Motivation is certainly the secret to developing performance. This Here can be where frustration begins. When there may be proper motivation, this contributes to good overall performance and larger output to the nourishment in the countrywide increase and development seeing that well for the reason that the wellbeing of the people. Inspiration is frequently an external spur, inducement, impetus, motivation. So determination can reveal the process just for arousing the eye of an individual to take a move towards a sure goal. Costly interior procedure that makes a person focus toward an objective. For a firm to succeed and survive, inspiration of the staff is vital. All sorts of things offers to end up being very clear on your mind, whether it's not really then if you're in big issues. The mind seems to have decided that must be totally dependent on a thing. You maintain the keys which may free of charge the mind to find every one of the opportunities in existence. The significance of life is to discover your gift idea. Take into consideration the direction that you might want your your life to get going in and make an effort to physique out that has been in a situation to do something similar. Every time you have several way of win inside your existence, it's actually environment you moving upward for further achievement later on. An additional way to remain determined the moment unfavorable folks need to dissuade you is to understand what you want out of life. Do just visit through lifestyle desperate to suffer because most likely reluctant to try away different things. In lots of cases, a deficiency of motivation might just be assigned to certainly not feeling inspired. It is usually a procedure rather than a product. It is usually an area of psychology which has gotten a large amount of attention, particularly in the recent years. In case you inspire determination this may make life. Determination can arrive coming from different resources. Earliest, it isn't a'bad thing'. It is rough to come by, thus when it is status right ahead in the form of a friendly competition, it would be silly to let that get around you. The interesting issue is that some folks seem to slip-up motivation pertaining to inspiration. The business is fiscally hard cash. Even so very much you love the organization, there are likely moments whenever you tend wish to act. You have to produce certain you own a target industry and a business structure which you aren't so in love with that nobody should help remind you to market. You are most likely to be more confident inside your ability to be prosperous. Our ability to stay determined regularly and have action can help determine the kinds of results we all achieve. Point out yourself that you've got the ability as well as the drive to undertake all kinds of things that you simply would like to and take the possibilities provided to you personally. Testing motivation in regards to selecting determination to achieve the spots, at this time there are a few of us just who only naturally own itand then now there are other folks who find it difficult to find and embrace this. When that is determination that you want, or perhaps inspiration that you would like, gratitude generally helps. The motivation raises. In my experience, there may be just you motivation, and that is desire. Understanding motivation usually means that you need to appreciate real human nature. Some think that determination is with regards to sluggish persons since they cannot be worried getting facts done. Inbuilt motivation is at reality just the same as engagement. If you or a person you know seems to absence motivation, it might be a tremendous principle to plainly make a decision or explain the goals you need to reach. Motivation might be tricky point to discover. Personal determination is the factor that makes all of us inside the camera and externally to be powerful in what ever you want to succeed in. The potency of Motivation It could be challenging to inspire yourself. Motivation is certainly the trick to boosting performance. This Here is normally in which the frustration starts. Whenever there may be appropriate inspiration, it plays a role in very good overall performance and bigger efficiency towards the sustenance for the countrywide rise and advancement while well simply because the health of the residents. 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etus, motivation. So inspiration can show the technique just for stimulating the interest of an specific to get a move toward a sure aim. Costly inner procedure that makes a person idea toward an objective. For a firm to succeed and survive, determination of the employees is essential. All sorts of things includes to always be very clear in your mind, if it's certainly not in that case you aren't in larger problem. Your mind features decided the reason is totally dependent on anything. You carry the preliminary which may totally free your thoughts to find every one of the opportunities to choose from. The relevance of life is to discover your item. Take in to consideration the direction you want your existence to get heading in and endeavor to sum up out that has been in a posture to do a thing similar. Every time you have several sort of succeed inside your your life, they have setting up you boost for additional accomplishment at a later point. Some other way to remain encouraged when unfavorable folks desire to decrease you is usually to know what you want out of life. Don't just head out through lifestyle wanting to undergo since you're here reluctant to try away something different. In lots of circumstances, a lack of motivation could just be traced to not really feeling influenced. It is definitely a method rather than a product. It is usually an part of psychology which includes gotten a variety of attention, especially in the recent years. If you inspire inspiration it may change your life. Determination can come right from numerous sources. Primary, it is not a'bad thing'. It is rough to come by, hence when it is popularity right in front of you in the form of a friendly competition, it would be foolish to leave that get around you. The interesting issue is that some people seem to blunder motivation with respect to inspiration. The organization is in financial terms in a tight. However very much you like your organization, you will find likely moments whenever you typically hope to do something. You possess to make sure that you own a target marketplace and a business composition which if you're so crazy about that no one should remind you to market. You are most likely to be confident in your ability to succeed. The capacity to stay motivated regularly and take action depends on the sorts of results we all achieve. Emphasize yourself that you've got the skills plus the drive to achieve almost everything that you would like to and take the possibilities presented for you. Testing determination in regards to locating motivation to realize the marks, generally there are a few of us who all just simply normally have got itand then simply generally there are others who struggle to find and embrace it. When this is determination that you want, or perhaps inspiration that you would like, gratitude definitely helps. Your motivation will increase. In my experience, there is certainly just one particular motivation, and that's desire. Understanding motivation results in that you need to figure out individuals nature. Many people think that motivation is intended for sluggish people since they won't be annoyed getting elements done. Intrinsic motivation is within reality likewise as bridal. If you or an individual you know appears to absence motivation, it might be a super notion to clearly make a decision or determine the goals you need to reach. Determination may be tough point to discover. Personal motivation is the factor that drives us internally and outside the body to be effective in what ever before we wish to succeed in. The strength of Inspiration It is usually challenging to motivate yourself. Inspiration is certainly the key to strengthening performance. That Here is definitely where confusion begins. Whenever you can find appropriate determination, it plays a part in great efficiency and higher efficiency to the nourishment belonging to the national increase and production as well simply because the survival of the residents. Motivation is frequently a great external incitement. So determination can indicate the technique with respect to animation the eye of an specific to provide a approach towards a sure target. Costly inside method that makes a person move toward a goal. For a provider to succeed and survive, inspiration of the staff members is vital. Anything includes to become very clear in your brain, whether it's not in that case it's in larger difficulty. The mind includes decided it is totally reliant on anything. You maintain the points that may free your thoughts to find all of the opportunities out there. The relevance of your life is to locate your surprise. Take into consideration the direction that you would like your life for being probably in and make an work to number out who may have been in a situation to do a thing similar. 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Archive for the 'Robert Taylor' Category Ellen Weiss book on Robert R. Taylor wins Award of Excellence from Society of Architectural Historians Monday, November 26th, 2012 by Brian Seidman The Southeast Chapter of the Society of Architectural Historians (SESAH) gave Dr. Ellen Weiss their 2012 Award of Excellence for her biography of the first academically-trained African American architect, Robert R. Taylor and Tuskegee: An African American Architect Designs for Booker T. Washington, during their 2012 Annual Meeting in Athens, Georgia. Robert R. Taylor and Tuskegee is not just the first biography and a detailed portrait of this important man; it's also a gorgeous volume that includes over 100 photographs of Taylor's buildings on the Tuskegee campus and elsewhere, finely annotated by Dr. Weiss. Along with the SESAH award, Dr. Weiss received this citation: Ellen Weiss, Professor Emerita at the Tulane University School of Architecture, has a produced a significant monograph of an American architect. This insightful work documents Robert Taylor's great challenges as a student at MIT in the late nineteenth-centry and, more importantly, his role as the first professionally trained African American architect. Taylor achieved greatness as a pioneer in his field, especially in the Jim Crow era, as an instrumental instructor and mentor at the Tuskegee Institute, and as a talented designer and campus planner helping Booker T. Washington achieve his educational vision of racial pride and progress. It is a history both unique and inspiring. The SESAH "was founded in 1982 at the Georgia Institute of Technology in Atlanta to promote scholarship on architecture and related subjects and to serve as a forum for ideas among architectural historians, architects, preservationists, and others involved in professions related to the built environment," according to their website. They publish Arris – The Journal of the Southeast Chapter of the Society of Architectural Historians. Congratulations to Ellen Weiss on this significant honor. Robert R. Taylor and Tuskegee is available direct from NewSouth Books, Amazon, or your favorite bookstore. Posted in Robert Taylor \| No Comments » Ellen Weiss's biography of African American architect Robert Taylor gains national attention Thursday, September 6th, 2012 by Brian Seidman Interest in the ground-breaking African American architect Robert R. Taylor continues to grow after the publication of Professor Ellen Weiss's detailed biography of Taylor, and articles including two in Architect magazine. Weiss's Robert R. Taylor and Tuskegee recounts Taylor's life, side by side with striking photographs of Taylor's architectural accomplishments as the first classically trained African American architect. Taylor was MIT's first African American graduate in 1892, and soon after Booker T. Washington recruited Taylor to teach and design the campus of Washington's Tuskegee Institute. "He had a classical French training at MIT," Weiss told WWNO's Fred Kasten on his The Sound of Books program, "and this shows in many overt ways like the correct use of columns, a very sensitive approach to proportion, to thickness of walls, to all the tactile and visual qualities of architecture and its material." Washington wanted the architecture of Tuskegee Institute to reflect to both the outside world and to Tuskegee's own students the capabilities of African Americans. Writing in the "AIAVoices" column in Architect magazine, Weiss explains that "the campus (built by black carpenters and masons who could draw a little) was already 10 years old when Taylor arrived. One of Taylor's predecessors was Booker T. Washington's brother, who had some construction experience. But these buildings didn't have the eloquence or character of buildings designed by a classically trained architect. Washington saw the difference. He had been trained at Hampton Institute in Virginia, for which Richard Morris Hunt designed several buildings. Washington would have seen Hunt's work and he understood what architecture could mean for a sense of place." In a review of Robert R. 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ae. MacRae's reputation has suffered in recent years. H. Leon Prather (in We Have Taken a City) and Philip Gerard (in his novel Cape Fear Rising) have painted him as one of the bloodthirstiest plotters of the 1898 coup, and he did leave the land for the park that bears his name to the white residents of New Hanover County. Yet as early as 1918, Taylor was requesting that MacRae be invited to a Tuskegee commencement, noting that his interest in farm colonies had turned from transplanting foreign workers to employing 'Negro men.' During the Depression, Taylor and MacRae would together propose a program of Southern rural homesteading as a remedy for widespread African-American unemployment and poverty." Steelman goes on to praise Weiss's book, including that Weiss "adds an important footnote to Wilmington history and to our understanding of the Jim Crow era." In a Q&A that also appeared in Architect, Weiss suggests that Taylor's most important or influential building was the Tuskegee Chapel. "At its dedication, a New Yorker said it was a 'cathedral in the Black Belt,' where blacks and whites could stand equal before God. The chapel burned down in 1957. "The Carnegie Library exterior remains, even though its interior has been gutted. Its iconic portico asks us to consider the meaning of such Classicizing assertiveness, an emblem of authority for centuries, when it appears in a black school in the Deep South just as Jim Crow was locking in. In 1901, the year the library was built, the Alabama constitution denied the vote to most African-Americans. Meanwhile, Southern whites were threatening Washington's life and the school's existence for all sorts of effrontery, even as some Northern blacks thought the principal was knuckling under to the racists and selling out his people. Perhaps Taylor and Washington were asserting racial parity in the safer medium of design." Finally, in an Encyclopedia of Alabama entry about Robert Taylor written by Weiss, she includes an unusual fact of Taylor's death: "In December 1942, while visiting family in Tuskegee, he collapsed in the chapel he had designed and built and died on December 13, in the hospital he had designed and built. He was buried in Wilmington's Pine Forest Cemetery, which his father had helped found." Taylor, Weiss writes, "had a prolific and wide-ranging career." Read more about Robert Taylor from Star News, Architect magazine, and the Encyclopedia of Alabama; Fred Kazen's The Sound of Books is also available for listening online. Robert R. Taylor and Tuskegee: An African American Architect Designs for Booker T. Washington is available direct from NewSouth Books, Amazon, or your favorite bookstore. Robert Taylor architectural biography praised in New York Times, Press-Register Friday, January 13th, 2012 by Brian Seidman Dr. Ellen Weiss's new lushly-illustrated biography of African American architect Robert Taylor is helping bring this figure the recognition he deserves. The January 12 New York Times "Antiques" column called Taylor a "pioneering architect," and the Mobile Times-Register called Weiss's book on Taylor, Robert R. Taylor and Tuskegee: An African American Architect Designs for Booker T. Washington, "long overdue." The Times-Register article "Southern Bound: Tuskegee architect finally gets his due," by John Sledge, calls Weiss a "thorough researcher and a graceful writer who nicely balances Taylor's personal and professional lives." Indeed Weiss describes Taylor's early life and includes both Taylor's own letters, and writing about Taylor by his contemporaries, along with detailed accounts of the buildings that Taylor designed at Alabama's Tuskegee Institute, later Tuskegee University. Many of those buildings are still in use. "I feel I know him," Weiss told New York Times reporter Eve Kahn for the "Antiques" column, given the volume of documents Weiss studied related to Taylor. Weiss contextualizes Taylor's accomplishments, examining them against the Jim Crow laws of the 1900s. 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Review: And Freedom Became a Public-Square (Red Egg Review) September 26, 2013 / Ivan Plis (Note: this was originally published in the September 2013 issue of the now-defunct Red Egg Review. Reproduced here in full with permission from the editors.) There is a popular idea among Orthodox Christians that the Church benefits from special recognition by the state. This follows from the assumptions that godly emperors ruled Byzantium and Russia before being overthrown by interlopers and that the Church lost its power and influence thereafter. American Orthodox Christians, who are forced to inhabit a scattered and irregular ecclesial reality, often find this narrative especially appealing. A state that recognizes a united Orthodox populace would seem to be a sign of strength and vitality. Surely, the idea goes, Greeks and Russians were holier, purer, and freer from sin before the encroachment of Muslims and Communists. But in the Arab world, where Christians have been a minority for centuries, the Church tells different stories about itself. A Syrian or Egyptian Christian would be hard-pressed to imagine a golden age of unity between church and crown that resonates with their own historical experience. Instead, for Arab Christians nearly all memories of religiously-mandated rule are painful. They have faced a unique series of challenges by the state, from marginalization under the Ottoman Empire to the threat of total exclusion by modern Islamist political movements. They have also had to face troubles that they share with their Muslim neighbors. Just in the last century, these have included the rule of heavy-handed and dictatorial police states, economic stagnation, the traumas of the conflict between Israel and the Palestinians, and numerous wars with all the upheaval and dislocation that they bring to ordinary citizens. Since late 2010, the risk has been amplified. A wave of revolts seeking to replace despots with democrats has led to a chaotic series of power struggles in Egypt and the election of untested Islamists in Tunisia, while other rulers' responses have ranged from peacefully relinquishing power (Ali Abdullah Saleh in Yemen) to doubling down in efforts to put down dissidents (the ruling Al Khalifa family in Bahrain). But in Syria alone, Bashar al-Asad's crackdown on demonstrators has led to a bloody and protracted civil war. Christians who have long counted on the regime's protection are now being targeted by certain elements of the rebellion, including the two metropolitans of Aleppo whose fate is still unknown. And as I prepare this review for publication, Western powers are weighing the option of military action to punish the regime for the public use of chemical weapons in rebel-controlled suburbs of Damascus. Such circumstances demand a Christian response to the upheaval that threatens to extinguish their historical presence in the region. In And Freedom Became A Public-Square (LIT Verlag 2012), Najib Awad attempts to give such a response. As a Syrian-born Protestant theologian, Awad is in some ways uniquely suited for the task. The book may be the first full-length work to articulate an Arab Christian response to the uprisings of the last few years; it certainly is the first in English. While it has a particular focus on Syria, Awad deals with the physical and spiritual security of Christian communities from Iraq to Palestine to Egypt. There is plenty to commend in Awad's work, which is sure to inform other writers for decades to come. But unfortunately, American Orthodox readers hoping for clarification and instruction may be disappointed. First, Awad's English is wildly uneven. There are numerous spelling and usage errors, he does not adhere to a standard transliteration system for Arabic, and in general it is apparent that English is not his language of greatest fluency. This is even the case to the point of distraction: there is at least one mention of "gorilla fighters," and the rather peculiar title And Freedom Became a Public-Square is never fully explained. I fear that any further critique will be one of a message garbled in translation. Second, Awad is writing for an audience that is familiar with the entirety of his broad scholarly background. 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, but many others will likely be lost or put off through their own lack of expertise. When combined with Awad's occasionally unclear writing, it can be daunting to comprehend the full scope of his arguments. The third major obstacle is simply that Awad writes like a contemporary Protestant theologian. This is not innately bad, but it does mean that when the book attempts to encompass themes of theology, history, and politics, the first becomes overly dense and the latter two are left to contend with vague generalities. Orthodox readers may be largely unfamiliar with the theologians to whom Awad refers, very few of whom wrote prior to 1900 and who generally have little to say about the Orthodox Church's particular condition in the region. In the lengthy section entitled "The Arab Christians and the Promise of a Contextual Discourse," Awad seeks to develop a novel theological approach to the uprisings in the Arab world, with a particular focus on Syria. Awad is among those Syrian Christians who keep hope in a just and equitable overthrow of Asad's regime and he believes that Christians can and ought to position themselves in a way that secures their safety in Syria's future. Comparing Syria to the rest of the Arab world, he suggests that the Christian population is part of what makes Syria unique, and their presence in the new Syria is indispensable. Therefore, they must confidently live the Gospel and take their place in the evolving public sphere, without defensiveness or a narrative of victimization. Those familiar with contemporary Arab theologians may note that Father Georges Massouh has also been a proponent of this approach, drawing richly on both Orthodox and Islamic sources. [1] While this message is compelling and provocative — offering a direct response to the Christian voices we often hear defending Asad as the better of two evils in Syria — its execution is that of a specialist. This section of the book is built on reflections concerning Jesus and politics that draw upon Karl Barth and Hans Küng, among others. The focus here is almost exclusively on the example of Christ's preaching and ministry, arguably at the cost of His redemptive Passion and Resurrection. [2] Awad concludes that Christ's quiet subversion of the power structure in Roman Palestine is a call for Christians to redirect politics away from the control-based paradigm suggested by the Arabic word for "politics," siyāsa, and toward the communal life suggested by the Greek politeia. From there, Awad moves on to a lengthy discussion of Near Eastern Christians' duty to embrace a theology of religions that enables substantive and constructive dialogue with Islam. (Readers may note that Hartford Seminary in Connecticut, where Awad teaches, is known for its efforts to foster dialogue between Muslim and Protestant theologians.) He urges the construction of what he calls an "Arabic contextual theology" that brings a Biblical understanding of violence and peacemaking to the unique political and social clashes found in the region. On its own terms, Awad's theological reasoning is sound and satisfying. But needless to say, this is an easier suggestion to make in the Western theological academy than in the bloodied streets of Aleppo or Homs. However much Awad may invoke Christian leaders in the Syrian opposition, the fact remains that Christians have suffered disproportionately in the clash over Syria's future, and often at the hands of rebel groups. For many of Syria's Christians, their reluctance and fear to overthrow the dictator they have known — brutal though he may be — is more than just the trauma shared by all Syrians in the face of state thuggery and rebel backlash, though that is undoubtedly a part of their experience too. It is a uniquely existential worry, and their approval of an allegiance between church and state comes from a desperate desire to survive. This state of affairs simply cannot be ignored. This has become especially true in recent months. Awad's picture of the Syrian conflict comes, at the latest, from the summer of 2012. Since then, it has become more apparent that the civil war will permanently alter Syria's social fabric, especially with the looming threat of Western military involvement. 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Marin 'age-friendly' initiatives reshape lives,… Marin 'age-friendly' initiatives reshape lives, communities Yoga instructor Stacie Dooreck leads a chair yoga class for seniors at the Age-Friendly Intergenerational Center in Corte Madera on Tuesday. (Alan Dep/Marin Independent Journal) PUBLISHED: November 25, 2018 at 4:50 pm \| UPDATED: November 25, 2018 at 5:11 pm Sausalito took the top prize in a worldwide contest this year for its initiatives that help seniors stay in their homes. Along with Porto, Portugal, and Barcelona, Spain, the World Health Organization recognized Sausalito as one of three cities leading the "age-friendly" movement, which has become a sweeping trend throughout Marin. Following Sausalito's lead, five other Marin cities and towns and the county in recent years have joined the push to create age-friendly programs under the World Health Organization's guidance. The organization recognizes and advises communities that are committed to promoting "healthy and active aging and a good quality of life for their older residents," according to its website. The initiatives are timely for Marin County, which has an aging population, said Sybil Boutilier, chair of Sausalito's Age-Friendly Task Force. According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the county's median age jumped from 41.3 to 44.5 years old between the 2000 and 2010 censuses. During that same time period, the proportion of adults age 65 and older jumped from 13.6 to 16.7 percent of the population. "We need to be planning for this longevity trend," Boutiluer said. And Sausalito has done just that. The city's mayor, Joan Cox, said it was an honor to be recognized on a global stage. "We are very proud of Sausalito for being a leader in many of our age-friendly programs," Cox said. The city's most recent age-friendly initiative was to pass regulations that give older homeowners exemptions from permit fees when making home modifications that increase accessibility. Susan Frank was among the first to take advantage of that incentive. The 24 steps leading up to Frank's 107-year-old Sausalito home are steep. More than three decades since she first moved into the house, the daily climb up to Frank's front door had become a treacherous feat. The 70-year-old Sausalito resident saved about $350 in permit fees when she decided to build a handrail for her steps this year. She said it wasn't a huge savings on the expensive project, but she felt grateful that city leaders were keeping seniors in mind. "It's more about the gesture," she said. "It's not a huge amount that was taken off, but it was enough where I felt like, OK, thank you, Sausalito." In Corte Madera, the unveiling of an "intergenerational center" this year was a huge milestone for the town's age-friendly task force. When Patti Stoliar shared her vision for the center with Corte Madera officials last year, she wondered, "If you build it, will they come?" "Well," she said, "they came." Age-friendly Corte Madera now holds daily exercise classes, art workshops, games and lecture series at its hugely popular intergenerational center. The group also organizes art classes and events for kids in an effort to create a welcoming space for people of all ages to commingle. "People are now complaining that our chair yoga and art classes don't have enough space," Stoliar said. The idea, she said, is to get older residents out of isolation and into community spaces. "People recognize they need to be with other people, and you really need a place where they can come together," she said. "That's what our hunch was, and I think it's proven that we're right." Novato was recognized by the World Health Organization as an age-friendly community last year, and leaders of the movement in that city have just kicked off their first major project.	1.255053	0.776844	1.302735	-0.518263	[ 1.1317824058134616, 1.3783239830332386 ]	[ 0.5279466176374803, 1.0257413632415822 ]	[ 1.0643280437547507, 1.5411413565269931 ]	[ -0.739054194065696, -0.2974715910297689 ]	1,024	[ 512, 512 ]	[ 1085, 262, 525, 482, 29899, 18326, 368, 29915, 14511, 5056, 620, 14443, 12080, 29892, 30098, 13, 7083, 262, 525, 482, 29899, 18326, 368, 29915, 14511, 5056, 620, 14443, 12080, 29892, 23507, 13, 29979, 14895, 18690, 272, 624, 562, 347, 1938, 487, 384, 11981, 263, 11774, 343, 14895, 770, 363, 6940, 18930, 472, 278, 16767, 29899, 27034, 355, 368, 4124, 4738, 1288, 7817, 297, 2994, 371, 4104, 1572, 373, 323, 1041, 3250, 29889, 313, 2499, 273, 10034, 29914, 7083, 262, 25266, 8237, 29897, 13, 7056, 13367, 3235, 29950, 3352, 29901, 3979, 29871, 29906, 29945, 29892, 29871, 29906, 29900, 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Dana Robbins / Jazz Host Dana Robbins shows Dana has been part of a few different musical projects, such as presiding over an online radio program, drummer for a local blues band and producer for an entertainment company. Please join Dana on Friday nights from 10 pm-midnight as he hosts JAZZ360. Email: [email protected] Duke Robillard Whether it's a song, a style, an idiom or an image, Duke Robillard will render it with mastery, power, nuance and an unerring grasp of its essence. Born Michael John Robillard in Woonsocket, R.I., Duke has carved out one of blues' most illustrious legacies, while also trodding some lofty related territories as a guitarist, vocalist, songwriter, bandleader, studio sideman, producer, label operator, and educator. After showing an early affinity for music and guitar, he founded Roomful Of Blues with pianist Al Copley in Westerly, R.I., in 1967. By adding horns, Roomful announced itself emphatically as the prototypical jump blues band and became a New England legend and a fixture beyond, as did Duke himself. His unsurpassed mastery of the guitar style of T-Bone Walker (later crystallized memorably in his 2004 release "Blue Mood") was deservedly heralded, but his breadth was also head-turning — from swing, standards and ballads to rockers, gutbucket Chicago blues, and rockabilly. By the time Duke left Roomful after a dozen years, he was firmly established in the upper echelon of contemporary blues guitarists. Duke went from Roomful to a stint with rockabilly revivalist Robert Gordon and then to the first iteration of the Legendary Blues Band, composed primarily of then-recent Muddy Waters sidemen. The Duke Robillard Band debuted in 1981, re-emerging as The Pleasure Kings with their eponymous 1984 album on Rounder. It and its sequel, "Too Hot To Handle," burnished Duke's songwriting portfolio; the 1987 jazz outing "Swing" (with saxophonist Scott Hamilton) underscored his versatility and remains a highlight. Continuing his solo career, Duke replaced Jimmie Vaughan with The Fabulous Thunderbirds in 1990. He cut his own much-awaited straight blues album "Duke's Blues" in 1993 for Canadian imprint Stony Plain, leading eventually to a rewarding, continuing and prolific alliance, along with releases during the ensuing years on Point Blank/Virgin and Shanachie, as well as instructional videos. He has also launched his own labels with Jesse Finkelstein, Blue Duchess/Shining Stone. Duke's prolificity has included producing albums by Billy Boy Arnold, Joe Louis Walker, Rosco Gordon, Jimmy Witherspoon and Jay McShann, Zuzu Bollin, Billy Price and Otis Clay, Sunny Crownover, Bryan Lee and Al Basile as well as recording two collaborations with Herb Ellis, a pairing with his successor in Roomful, Ronnie Earl, a seat in the New Guitar Summit with J. Geils and Gerry Beaudoin, additional studio credits with Bob Dylan (the well-regarded 1997 "Time Out Of Mind"), Ruth Brown, Johnny Adams, Pinetop Perkins, Snooky Pryor, Al Copley, Todd Sharpville and Tony Z, and touring with Tom Waits in 2006. Duke's resume is decorated with Grammy nominations, Handy Awards and Blues Music Awards, and other honors for his artistry, recordings and productions within the United States and internationally. On his latest release, "Duke Robillard and his Dames of Rhythm" on M.C. Records, he wields an acoustic archtop and joins six thrushes for evocative and enjoyable renditions of 1920s and 1930s swing tunes; it's a worthy successor to his 2016 BMA-winning "The Acoustic Blues And Roots Of Duke Robillard." 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Andersen, Brian , University of Copenhagen Emergent Magnetic Degeneracy in Iron Pnictides due to the Interplay between Spin-Orbit Coupling and Quantum Fluctuations. Physical Review Letters. 121. 2018 Imaging orbital-selective quasiparticles in the Hund's metal state of FeSe. Nature Materials. 17. 2018 Magnetic ground state and magnon-phonon interaction in multiferroic h-YMnO3. Physical Review B. 97. 2018 Magnetic phase diagram of the iron pnictides in the presence of spin-orbit coupling: Frustration between C2 and C4 magnetic phases. Physical Review B. 98. 2018 Raising the Critical Temperature by Disorder in Unconventional Superconductors Mediated by Spin Fluctuations. Physical Review Letters. 121. 2018 Spin Waves in Detwinned BaFe2As2. Physical Review Letters. 121. 2018 Spin-Orbit Coupling and Magnetic Anisotropy in Iron-Based Superconductors. Physical Review Letters. 121. 2018 Unravelling Incommensurate Magnetism and Its Emergence in Iron-Based Superconductors. Physical Review X. 8. 2018 Discovery of orbital-selective Cooper pairing in FeSe. Science. 357. 2017 Fast recovery of the stripe magnetic order by Mn/Fe substitution in F-doped LaFeAsO superconductors. Physical Review B. 95. 2017 Imaging the real space structure of the spin fluctuations in an iron-based superconductor. Nature Communications. 8. 2017 Interplay of nematic and magnetic orders in FeSe under pressure. Physical Review B. 95. 2017 Orbital selective pairing and gap structures of iron-based superconductors. Physical Review B. 95. 2017 Robustness of a quasiparticle interference test for sign-changing gaps in multiband superconductors. Physical Review B. 95. 2017 Role of multiorbital effects in the magnetic phase diagram of iron pnictides. Physical Review B. 96. 2017 Scanning tunnelling spectroscopy as a probe of multi-Q magnetic states of itinerant magnets. Nature Communications. 8. 2017 Superconducting Phase Diagram of the Paramagnetic One-Band Hubbard Model. Journal of Superconductivity and Novel Magnetism. 30. 2017 Universality of scanning tunneling microscopy in cuprate superconductors. Physical Review B. 96. 2017 Collective magnetic excitations of C4-symmetric magnetic states in iron-based superconductors. Physical Review B. 94. 2016 Electronic vortex structure of Fe-based superconductors: Application to LiFeAs. Physical Review B. 93. 2016 Impact of iron-site defects on superconductivity in LiFeAs. Physical Review B. 94. 2016 Magnetic Fluctuations in Pair-Density-Wave Superconductors. Physical Review Letters. 116. 2016 Role of magnetic dopants in the phase diagram of Sm 1111 pnictides: The case of Mn. Physical Review B. 94. 2016 Self-organized topological superconductivity in a Yu-Shiba-Rusinov chain. Physical Review B. 93. 2016 Spin-driven nematic instability of the multiorbital Hubbard model: Application to iron-based superconductors. Physical Review B. 93. 2016 Spiral magnetic order and topological superconductivity in a chain of magnetic adatoms on a two-dimensional superconductor. 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4. 2016 Superconducting phase diagram of itinerant antiferromagnets. Physical Review B. 93. 2016 Towards a quantitative description of tunneling conductance of superconductors: Application to LiFeAs. Physical Review B. 94. 2016 Unconventional Disorder Effects in Correlated Superconductors. Physical Review Letters. 117. 2016 Competing magnetic double-Q phases and superconductivity-induced reentrance of C2 magnetic stripe order in iron pnictides. Physical Review B. 92. 2015 Competing superconducting and magnetic order parameters and field-induced magnetism in electron-doped Ba(Fe1−xCox)2As2. Physical Review B. 91. 2015 Doping asymmetry of superconductivity coexisting with antiferromagnetism in spin fluctuation theory. New Journal of Physics. 17. 2015 Effects of Lifshitz Transition on Charge Transport in Magnetic Phases of Fe-Based Superconductors. Physical Review Letters. 114. 2015 Ferroelectricity in underdoped La-based cuprates. Scientific Reports. 5. 2015 Field-induced interplanar magnetic correlations in the high-temperature superconductor La1.88Sr0.12CuO4. Physical Review B. 91. 2015 Impurity-induced antiferromagnetic order in Pauli-limited nodal superconductors: Application to heavy-fermion CeCoIn5. Physical Review B. 92. 2015 Interpretation of Scanning Tunneling Quasiparticle Interference and Impurity States in Cuprates. Physical Review Letters. 114. 2015 Local Magnetization Nucleated by Non-magnetic Impurities in Fe-based Superconductors. Journal of Superconductivity and Novel Magnetism. 28. 2015 Model of Electronic Structure and Superconductivity in Orbitally Ordered FeSe. Physical Review Letters. 115. 2015 Pairing symmetry of the one-band Hubbard model in the paramagnetic weak-coupling limit: A numerical RPA study. Physical Review B. 92. 2015 Spin excitations in a model of FeSe with orbital ordering. Physical Review B. 92. 2015 Spin excitations in the nematic phase and the metallic stripe spin-density wave phase of iron pnictides. Physical Review B. 91. 2015 Spin reorientation driven by the interplay between spin-orbit coupling and Hund's rule coupling in iron pnictides. Physical Review B. 92. 2015 Using superlattice potentials to probe long-range magnetic correlations in optical lattices. Physical Review A. 92. 2015 Emergent Defect States as a Source of Resistivity Anisotropy in the Nematic Phase of Iron Pnictides. Physical Review Letters. 113. 2014 Enhancement of Magnetic Stripe Order in Iron-Pnictide Superconductors from the Interaction between Conduction Electrons and Magnetic Impurities. Physical Review Letters. 113. 2014 Origin of electronic dimers in the spin-density wave phase of Fe-based superconductors. Physical Review B. 89. 2014 hide from search Bi-Quadratic Magnetoelectric Coupling in Underdoped La2CuO4+x. Journal of Superconductivity and Novel Magnetism. 2013 Glassy low-energy spin fluctuations and anisotropy gap in La1.88Sr0.12CuO4. Physical Review B. 2013 Impurity Bound States and Disorder-Induced Orbital and Magnetic Order in the s± State of Fe-Based Superconductors. 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◯ ◯ ◯ Vol 7 – Ubiquity Journal of Pervasive Media michaelkissick News 29/12/2020 16/01/2021 Issue #1: Volume 7, 2020 Published. https://www.ubiquityjournal.net/ Issue #1: Volume 7, 2020 ingentaconnect download 3–16: Architectural paradox in the smart home – ALEXANDER ĆETKOVIĆ Bernard Tschumi pointed out that architecture redefines itself continuously out of the conflict between it being a product of abstract design and the condition that architecture is experienced sensually – conditions that are interdependent and, at the same time, mutually exclusive. How does this relationship change when a further layer is introduced, the user roles determined by the digitized home? For the users, the conceived roles (design and digital) stand in competition and sometimes even in conflict with the habitual roles experienced by their bodies in the physical environment. The awareness of the juxtaposition of the different roles can lead to interesting new possibilities in the user-architecture relationship. On the other hand, disguising or even hiding the differences can not only frustrate users but also further undermine their trust in a technology that tries to impose such roles or, in the users' eyes, even tries to abuse them. E-mail: [email protected] 17–23: Eco art: Art is life and life is embedded in nature – NINA CZEGLEDY Nature may be considered as the world of living organisms and their environment; in a larger sense, the shape of nature can also be understood to include particular extents of space and time. The visual perspectives of nature form a particular course that begins with the earliest historical depictions and might be currently expressed by a variety of cross-disciplinary contributions. The diverse perspectives form eclectic threads that today are frequently manifested within the eco-activist art movement. Several of the contemporary ecological art projects are grounded in explicit experiences and connections to specific spaces relevant to where the work is created. The local or international ecological labs, experimental urban gardens, projects on the migration of plants and the creation of new species included here are all new models contributing to a speculative future culture. E-mail: [email protected] 25–36: Between Us: Desire, touch and seduction as immaterial agents in augmented sonic artworks – JANE GRANT New media has expanded our experiences of art forms from the retinal to the immersive and embodied. This evolution offers novel experiences as we push the boundaries of these emerging technologies. Recently, I have been working with augmented reality headsets. These headsets sometimes separate us from the physical and the sensory, substituting the world of matter for the virtual. My research questions whether the exchange of the sensory for the digital provides an opportunity to redesign experiences that act upon the body? Developing sound design to create the illusion of touching, could our skin become a site where artworks are experienced? E-mail: [email protected] 37–46: Weaving quantum chaos – PAUL THOMAS No matter how hard we strive to be certain, absolute certainty cannot be achieved. The article focuses on chaos to identify, conceptualize and visualize a liminal space between the classical and quantum world, where everything is in some state of chaos. The article asks questions of visualizing the invisible, indiscernible and unfathomable quantum world of subatomic particles. This quantum artistic research examines a role of atomic and subatomic particles in the search for consciousness, materially, ethically, scientifically and culturally. 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Nuclear War: Just Another Day Colin Todhunter Catastrophic events that send the world into turmoil happen on 'just another day'. The atom bomb that exploded over Hiroshima took place while thousands of ordinary folk were just going about their everyday business on 'just another day'. A missile attack on a neighbourhood in Gaza or a drone attack on unsuspecting civilians in Afghanistan: death and destruction come like a bolt from the blue as people shop at the local market or take their kids to school on 'just another day'. Will it be 'just another day' when the next nuclear bomb is exploded in anger, an ordinary day when people are just going about their daily business? By then it might be too late to do anything, too late to act to try to prevent an unfolding global catastrophe on a scale never before witnessed by humans. Yet so many appear too apathetic and wrapped up in a world of gadgets, technology, shopping malls, millionaire sports players and big-time sports events to think that such a thing could be imminent. Are they so preoccupied with the machinations of their own lives in cotton-wool cocooned societies to think that what is happening in Syria or Iraq is just too boring to follow or that it doesn't really concern them or it is 'not my problem'? Do they think they are untouchable, that only death, war and violence happens in faraway places? Could any of us even contemplate that on some not-too-distant day a series of European cities could be laid waste within a matter of minutes? It isn't worth thinking about. Or is it. The US (and the West's) foreign policy is being driven on the basis of fake morality and duplicity. Millions lie dead in Iraq, Afghanistan, Syria and Libya as a result of US-led imperialism, and nuclear-armed Russia is constantly demonised simply because it will not acquiesce to Washington and serve as a vassal state. And now, as the US continues to stir up tensions with Iran and as China warns neighbouring countries about allowing US nuclear missiles aimed at it on their territories, much of the Western public and media remain oblivious to the dangers of conflict escalation and the biggest immediate threat to all life on Earth: nuclear war. The threat of mass murder Some fell to the ground and their stomachs already expanded full, burst and organs fell out. Others had skin falling off them and others still were carrying limbs. And one in particular was carrying their eyeballs in their hand." The above extract comes from an account by a Hiroshima survivor talking about the fate of her schoolmates. In 2016, it was read out in the British parliament by Scottish National Party MP Chris Law during a debate about Britain's nuclear arsenal. In response to a question from MP George Kereven, the then British PM Theresa May said without hesitation that, if necessary, she would authorise the use of a nuclear weapon that would kill hundreds of thousands of innocent men, women and children. May also implied that those wishing to scrap Britain's nuclear weapons are siding with the nation's enemies. Politicians like May read from a script devised by elite interests. This transnational capitalist class dictates global economic policies and decides on who lives and who dies and which wars are fought and inflicted on which people. The mainstream narrative tends to depict individuals who belong to this class as 'wealth creators'. In reality, however, these 'high flyers' have stolen ordinary people's wealth, stashed it away in tax havens, bankrupted economies and have imposed a form of globalisation that results in devastating destruction and war for those who attempt to remain independent or structurally adjusted violence via privatisation and economic neo-liberalism for millions in countries that have acquiesced. While ordinary folk across the world have been subjected to policies that have resulted in oppression, poverty and conflict, this is all passed off by politicians and the mainstream media as the way things must be. The agritech sector poisons our food and agriculture. Madelaine Albright says it was worth it to have killed half a million kids in Iraq to secure energy resources for rich corporations and extend the wider geopolitical goals of 'corporate America'. The welfare state is dismantled and austerity is imposed on millions. 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their already enormous wealth. Powerful corporations corrupt government machinery and colonise every aspect of life for profit. Environmental destruction and ecological devastation continue apace. And nuclear weapons hang over humanity like the sword of Damocles. The public is supposed to back this status quo in support of what? Austerity, powerlessness, imperialism, propping up the US dollar and a moribund system. For whom? Occidental Petroleum, Soros, Murdoch, Rothschild, BP, JP Morgan, Boeing and the rest of the elite and their corporations whose policies are devised in think tanks and handed to politicians to sell to a largely ignorant public: those who swallow the lie about some 'war on terror' or Washington as the world's policeman, protecting life and liberty. Rejecting hegemonic thought Many believe nuclear weapons are a necessary evil and fall into line with hegemonic thinking about humanity being inherently conflictual, competitive and war-like. Such tendencies do of course exist, but they do not exist in a vacuum. They are fuelled by capitalism and imperialism and played upon by politicians, the media and elite interests who seek to scare the population into accepting a 'necessary' status quo. Co-operation and equality are as much a part of any arbitrary aspect of 'human nature' as any other defined characteristic. These values are, however, sidelined by a system of capitalism that is inherently conflict-ridden and expansionist. Much of humanity has been convinced to accept the potential for instant nuclear Armageddon hanging over its collective head as a given, as a 'deterrent'. However, the reality is that these weapons exist to protect elite, imperialist interests or to pressure others to cave into their demands. If the 20th century has shown us anything, it is these interests are adept at gathering the masses under notions of flag, god and country to justify their slaughter. To prevent us all shuddering with the fear of the threat of instant nuclear destruction on a daily basis, it's a case of don't worry, be happy, forget about it and watch TV. It was the late academic Rick Roderick who highlighted that modern society trivialises issues that are of ultimate importance: they eventually become banal or 'matter of fact' to the population. People are spun the notion that nuclear-backed militarism and neoliberalism and its structural violence are necessary for securing peace, defeating terror, creating prosperity or promoting 'growth'. The ultimate banality is to accept this pack of lies and to believe there is no alternative, to acquiesce or just switch off to it all. Instead of acquiescing and accepting it as 'normal', we should listen to writer and campaigner Robert J Burrowes: Many people evade responsibility, of course, simply by believing and acting as if someone else, perhaps even 'the government', is 'properly' responsible. Undoubtedly, however, the most widespread ways of evading responsibility are to deny any responsibility for military violence while paying the taxes to finance it, denying any responsibility for adverse environmental and climate impacts while making no effort to reduce consumption, denying any responsibility for the exploitation of other people while buying the cheap products produced by their exploited (and sometimes slave) labour, denying any responsibility for the exploitation of animals despite eating and/or otherwise consuming a range of animal products, and denying any part in inflicting violence, especially on children, without understanding the many forms this violence can take." Burrowes concludes by saying that ultimately, we evade responsibility by ignoring the existence of a problem. The evasion of responsibility, acquiescence and acceptance are, of course, part of the conditioning process. The 'problem' encompasses not only ongoing militarism, but the structural violence of neoliberal capitalism, aided and abetted by the World Bank, IMF and the WTO. It's a type of violence that is steady, lingering and a daily fact of life under globalised capitalism. Of course, oppression and conflict have been a feature throughout history and have taken place under various economic and political systems. Indeed, in his various articles, Burrowes goes deep into the psychology and causes of violence. But there is potentially a different path for humanity. In 1990, the late British MP Tony Benn gave a speech	1.56186	0.572712	0.787878	1.330986	[ 1.1536972126774419, 1.9700237683607031 ]	[ 0.39902135978318054, 0.746403304557266 ]	[ 0.13606382846410806, 1.4396917155116224 ]	[ 1.2425396077759385, 1.4194327860171347 ]	1,024	[ 512, 512 ]	[ 1009, 2307, 18886, 681, 17173, 29889, 13, 21472, 1319, 17266, 800, 1034, 6685, 5874, 7672, 262, 708, 322, 8104, 895, 1432, 9565, 310, 2834, 363, 21665, 29889, 16738, 284, 22104, 322, 321, 21553, 936, 2906, 579, 362, 6773, 3095, 815, 29889, 13, 2855, 20346, 25340, 13958, 975, 5199, 537, 763, 278, 22378, 310, 9865, 542, 793, 29889, 13, 1576, 970, 338, 7424, 304, 1250, 445, 4660, 439, 29877, 297, 2304, 310, 825, 29973, 3330, 261, 537, 29892, 3081, 2222, 2264, 29892, 26990, 1608, 29892, 410, 3262, 701, 278, 3148, 11232, 279, 322, 263, 3036, 747, 870, 1788, 29889, 1152, 6029, 29973, 16117, 1693, 284, 5879, 12154, 398, 29892, 17784, 359, 29892, 7487, 1867, 305, 29892, 21790, 816, 789, 29892, 350, 29925, 29892, 435, 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in parliament (above) that indicated the kind of values that such a route might look like. Benn spoke about having been on a crowded train, where people had been tapping away on calculators and not interacting or making eye contact with one another. It represented what Britain had apparently become under Thatcherism: excessively individualistic, materialistic, narcissistic and atomised. The train broke down. As time went by, people began to talk with one another, offer snacks and share stories. Benn said it wasn't too long before that train had been turned into a socialist train of self-help, communality and comradeship. Despite the damaging policies and ideology of Thatcherism, these features had survived her tenure, were deeply embedded and never too far from the surface. For Tony Benn, what had been witnessed aboard that train was an aspect of 'human nature' that is too often suppressed, devalued and, when used as a basis for political change, regarded as a threat to ruling interests. It is an aspect that draws on notions of unity, solidarity, common purpose, self-help and finds its ultimate expression in the vibrancy of community, the collective ownership of productive resources and co-operation. The type of values far removed from the destructive, divisive ones of imperialism and capitalism which key politicians and the corporate media protect and promote. Filed under: empire watch, featured, latest Tagged with: Afghanistanm, Colin Todhunter, Hiroshima, Iraq, Japan, Libya, Margaret Thatcher, nuclear war, nuclear weapons, Syria, Theresa May, Tony Benn atari breakout Oct 7, 2019 2:27 AM Thank you for sharing this useful article information. I am really impressed with the article you provided. atari breakout Molloy O purblind race of miserable men, How many among us at this very hour Do forge a life-long trouble for ourselves, By taking true for false, or false for true; Here, through the feeble twilight of this world Groping, how many, until we pass and reach That other, where we see as we are seen! — Tennyson Jihadi Colin I can tell you this: Amerikastanis are so narcissistic, ignorant (by choice), stupid and tribalistic that they literally think that the universe outside the borders of their country are nothing more than a Hollywood film inhabited by black hat wearing villains (we humans) and that it's just the business of white hat wearing Amerikastani heroes to string us up. Their worldview is limited to what's fed them by their television screens, their attention span can be measured in milliseconds, the memory hole in which they consign inconvenient facts has no bottom, and their hypocrisy is vaster than the universe. As such, no, they don't care that they might be eliminated in a nuclear war. The possibility simply cannot occur to them. MASTER OF UNIVE Reply to Jihadi Colin Americans live in fear of being exposed as bullies & bully more out of psychological defense mechanism of reaction formation. That's all bullies know until they get punched in the mouth by someone tougher than they are. USA was punched in the mouth when the Lehman Moment struck. They have been overcompensating ever since out of bewilderment. Oct 5, 2019 3:31 PM And even if it did occur to them, they would visualise it as another big screen epic with them as spectators of their own demise. Wall Street governs existence for all. Wall Street existentialists advocate Hobbessian Brutishness so that the Hobbessian Brute in all of us can be free market based. The last brute is supposed to turn off the lights when everyone else is killed off. Warren Buffett, Mark Zuckerberg, & Bill Gates are jockeying for position as all time Hobbessian brutes in the race to the bottom right now. May the biggest brute win. Darwinian Evolution in end game play. Cuauhtemoc Negro The atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki were the single greatest acts of genocide in human history. 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0I26EJi1o&t=1s Hujjatullah Sahib The 0.01% that actually control this world, without bringing God into the picture, have clearly gone mad. They are squandering vast amount of resourses to build and pile up increasingly destructive weapons that could accidentally be used to incenerate a wide swath of humanity. The sooner these classist lunatics are denied power the better it would be for the entire world ! Don't nutize nuclear power; just nano nuke their powerful nuts ! nottheonly1 It certainly looks like the U.S. regime is doing everything to start WW3. With impunity it is terrorizing innocent people in distant lands and not so innocent people at home. Americans ought to look at what the troops they support so unquestioning are doing in the Middle East. That will be their own future as well. Internally Displaced Syrian Refugees Tormented by US Forces Freedom and Democracy of psychopaths. Ramdan "Rapidly expanding nuclear arsenals in Pakistan and India portend regional and global catastrophe" https://advances.sciencemag.org/content/5/10/eaay5478 Reply to Ramdan After reading the article, I was wondering why there is no mentioning of ABM installations in both Pakistan and India. With Iran having built an effective ABM system, Pakistan and India could/would do the same? It would certainly raise the stakes, as more warheads would be needed to overcome the ABM systems of the enemy, correct? Reply to nottheonly1 After you get to this: "fatalities could reach 50 to 125 million people, and nuclear-ignited fires could release 16 to 36 Tg of black carbon in smoke, depending on yield. The smoke will rise into the upper troposphere, be self-lofted into the stratosphere, and spread globally within weeks. Surface sunlight will decline by 20 to 35%, cooling the global surface by 2° to 5°C and reducing precipitation by 15 to 30%, with larger regional impacts. Recovery takes more than 10 years. Net primary productivity declines 15 to 30% on land and 5 to 15% in oceans threatening mass starvation and additional worldwide collateral fatalities."….. I would say ABM-considered or not- is just a nuance… Not if one system works and the other one was bought from the U.S. Of course it was meant as a thought. What if – two sides (be them either Pakistan/India or others) would be able to cancel out each others attacks? Wouldn't that make the futility of the expenditures obvious? Same with a nuclear conflagration. Mutual Assured Destruction does exactly that. MAD is Sysiphos on steroids. With the exception that both adversaries will have to rebuild their countries after such an exchange. Which might take a while. But the companies that do the reconstruction might still be the same. The only racket is the war of terror. Nuclear war prevents quick recovery and thus swift profits to be made. If no profits can be made, then there will be no war. Other than accidentally. The US war plan during the 1960s involved a simultaneous attack on Russia, China and all their allies, including even tiny Albania, employing 3,600 large nuclear weapons with an typical yield of 1.5 megatons against 2,100 targets, including 900 cities, in the initial assault. Studies and projections put the fatal casualties from this operation at 285 million, though this was later reassessed and raised as high as 1,000 million. 650 million was eventually taken as an expected outcome, in effect splitting the difference. Of course, at this time, world population was about half what it is today. This assessment ignored Russian and Chinese retaliation, British and French nuclear arsenals, the thousands of tactical or battlefield nuclear weapons and chemical, biological and conventional weapons. It is known, for example, that in the event of war, in the case of Germany, nuclear weapons would have been deployed against Munich, Hamburg, Bonn and Frankfurt. It is unlikely that current nuclear weapons are any less destructive. 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winter, it has been suggested that the 30-50-20 rule would apply. 30% of the population of a target country being wiped out in the initial attack. A further 50% dying off in the ensuing 6 month period from starvation, exposure, disease, radiation sickness, and the complete breakdown of order and civilisation generally, leaving a surviving residue of 20%. But the prospects for the survivors would not be particularly rosy. Everything required for human existence would have been destroyed. The electricity grid, fuel supplies, potable water, the transport system, even the most basic medical services, industry, agriculture and commerce. Most, if not all, of this 20% would be unlikely to survive longer than two years following the attack. Life for the survivors has been likened to a return to the Middle Ages, but this is clearly absurdly optimistic. Medieval societies were quite complex and sophisticated, producing magnificent cathedrals like Notre Dame and impregnable castles. Anything of this kind would be quite out of the question for the traumatised survivors. Even basic subsistence agriculture would probably be beyond their reach. And such a catastrophe becomes more and more likely with each passing year. Oct 3, 2019 11:36 AM Much appreciate your powerful article Colin. The state our World is in due to the rampaging 0.01%, along with their henchmen (and women such as Christine Lagarde) who continue raping and plundering the planet, and grinding the vast majority into the dirt. Including the slaughter of millions of human beings in the quest for new markets and resources – in the pursuit of ever more profits and the grotesque enrichment of a tiny number of vampires. I've mentioned this site numerous times here, but there's a site that lifts the lid on the warped con job of Neoliberalism called Neoliberalism Softpanorama. What is truly screwed up, and morally bankrupt and just depressing is that the large majority of people couldn't give a flying fig. Even when I've informed people about what is happening in Yemen, Syria, Libya, Palestine and many other countries or pointed them to sites like here, Moon Of Alabama, Strategic Culture, The Grayzone, and there's no response, no discussion, its like they never even looked at those sites I suggested. I know other commenters here have had similar experiences also. Once, people lived by morals, ethics, and a sense of what is right and wrong. Now it seems hedonism and narcissism runs rampant with a hefty dose of dog eat dog, the breakdown of community and bucket loads of me me me. When I was a young person, I had a long period of depression. Because I didn't want to grow up. I didn't want to become a 'grown-up'. Later I realized that I had been given the 'gift' of premonition. Knowing what's coming without being able to pin it down to something specific. All the visions I had came true so far. Especially the one that created the resistance to grow up and be part of a world that has it so backwards in every way. The people that couldn't give a flying fig are people that are unable, incapable to give a flying fig. They might very well want to, but they can't. Their program does not allow for that. They are so indoctrinated – most of all by their various religions – that it is impossible for them to look beyond what they were programmed with. People are Pavlovian Dogs. A lot of them, if not most of them to various degrees. And it certainly does not help that they have forgotten what 'Life' really means. They don't live anymore – they barely exist. They don't reflect on life, don't respect life and misunderstand life. Which is a tragedy, because they will be all dead soon. All of them. A look into the obituaries will reveal that. Which creates the question: "Why cut life short? Why make it artificially miserable?" It comes with enough suffering and pain in its natural state. Why add suffering and pain to it? The Yin and Yang like Sado/Masochism? For a long time I have published works that deal with the truth about what and who 'we' (as	0.159655	-0.066542	-0.530968	0.380185	[ 0.4852956033260468, -0.16598506316286377 ]	[ 0.6891031899553549, -0.8221873326700475 ]	[ -0.11502403304893459, -0.9469110893749749 ]	[ 0.784698440563431, -0.02432771286321605 ]	1,024	[ 512, 512 ]	[ 13851, 29892, 372, 756, 1063, 7829, 393, 278, 29871, 29941, 29900, 29899, 29945, 29900, 29899, 29906, 29900, 5751, 723, 3394, 29889, 29871, 29941, 29900, 29995, 310, 278, 4665, 310, 263, 3646, 4234, 1641, 281, 666, 287, 714, 297, 278, 2847, 5337, 29889, 319, 4340, 29871, 29945, 29900, 29995, 27116, 1283, 297, 278, 427, 2146, 292, 29871, 29953, 4098, 3785, 515, 5810, 29894, 362, 29892, 14060, 545, 29892, 17135, 29892, 27310, 17319, 2264, 29892, 322, 278, 4866, 2867, 3204, 310, 1797, 322, 7631, 4371, 6892, 29892, 10124, 263, 10503, 4357, 10995, 434, 310, 29871, 29906, 29900, 15543, 1205, 278, 27289, 29879, 363, 278, 10503, 440, 943, 723, 451, 367, 10734, 14652, 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humans) are. Fewer people are interested in finding the answers, fewer than ever before. Which lead to the resignation of publishing other than commenting here and there on web sites that are frequented by real people. Like this one. Like you. For the whole lot, I see a darkness coming that suffocates the senses. It appears it has to be this way. Thank you for being there and here. I deeply appreciate your heartfelt reply and take it on board. I'm grateful there are like minded people here, and elsewhere. Thank you. <a href="[youtube https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TQn7peLy_p4?start=23&w=560&h=315%5D"> Let's play the game called Life! (Alan Watts with sounds and images) It's high time to democratise nuclear weapons. If Trump, Blair, and Netanyahu can have them, then so should every country in the world, including the smallest and most exploited. Or nobody should have them. One or the other. Reply to mark The argument will be refuted in the West by those who have 'em with "only we should have them, because others would use 'em on us." Or as the Magic Negro Nobel Peace Prize Obama said, "It is essential for our security that we spend another $2 trillion on more nuclear weapons. But Iran/ DPRK/ everybody else doesn't need any. They can make do with a BB gun and a couple of water pistols." Ran across this on a twitter account. Tony Benn's Questions. Never forget them. 1. What power have you got? 2. Where did you get it from? 3. In whose interest do you use it? 4. To whom are you accountable? 5. How do we get rid of you? How do we eliminate nuclear weapons when you have Washington and her allies threatening the world? North Korea can at least get a few winks at the moment, not so much Venezuela. Perhaps the Houthi are showing the way with you destroy us, we will take you down with us. Asymmetrical warfare. I wonder if what happened in Libya in 2011 happened in 2019. Libya might still be the richest country in Africa. Yes, nuclear weapons will be with us until kleptocracies no longer threaten the world. The full implementation of a multipolar world can not come fast enough. Is that like a 'buy one: get one free' hegemony? Three nuclear armed rapists will be sodomising humanity into dehumanisation, alienation, and degradation. Two of them will be paying the first for the privilege (it's all one tributary system under the dollar. The replacement will be worse for humanity). I can see I've lost the argument that Russia and China offering zero alternative to globalised, overfinancialised, neoliberal dehumanisation. But at least America was honest. When they said they were acting for humanitarian reasons: everyone knew they were lying. When Russia and China propagandise about sovereigntist humanism and a harmony of man and nature: people believe them. Why? The multipolar world will be the short swansong of humanity. The extension of overfinancialised globalised imperialism will be all the worse for having three neoliberal imperial rapists – or one imperial; two sub-imperial. The Eurasianist Tianxia – the technochratic ecofascism so welcomed by progressives – will be humanities suicide pact with neoliberal overfinancial imperialism and corporacratic hegemony – for the people, welcomed by the people (some of them at least). I'm sorry, I don't get it. The multipolar world will be our climax civilsation for sure: because nothing will survive it. Not much anyway. Orwell said "Humanities future is a jackboot in the face". I see three. For the people. Reply to BigB "I can see I've lost the argument that Russia and China offering zero alternative to globalised, overfinancialised, neoliberal dehumanisation." Not here, you haven't. "The multipolar world will be the short swansong of overfinancialised globalised imperialism by all 3 jackboots" : fixed it for you. 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the world of Internet connected but many free nations. Nations can work together by admiring/ sharing each others talents / resources while respecting each other's space. Yes there are big guys and toddlers on the playground, but not any more one single giant. Too bad for the totalitarian forces! BigB… Aleksandr Dugin is one very scary person. I did a bit of research after a comment by you on another story about ecofascism, the blood and soil movement along with the trillions to be made from the greenwashing of capitalism – ushered in by false prophets and so called organisations like 350.org and Avaaz. All with their eyes on the pot of gold. This is the logical outcome of Neoliberalism – Regardless of who practices it. Its still going to screw humanity. We have been in an Epic Recession for 12 years …longer and deeper even than the Great Depression. And we all know what it took to end that one, don't we! The difference is fiat currency v gold standard. The central banks have entered the markets as artificial buoyancy aids – to keep the markets afloat with capital. This has become a false credit addiction with no cure. The cosmetic effects of half a gazillion of a fictitious capital anti-recovery are about to work themselves out with possibly the largest correction in history. That the recovery has started in the repo markets before the official crisis hits (we've never resolved the crisis – the new crisis is the old crisis deferred by 'money-printing'). The Epic Recession is set to get longer and deeper in the coming years. Fascism is crisis capitalism: and we are in the Marianna Trench of capitalist crisis – the longest and deepest of them all. As the mechanisms are poorly understood: the attempted recovery will perpetuate the deepening and defer a greater crisis to the future. The cure will include the primitive accumulation of whole countries worth of sovereign assets – stripped by those who created the crisis – in what Jack Rasmus aptly calls 'carrion capitalism'. The currency will be stabilised and centralised: privatised countries will be refloated and the people handed the bill. All tied up capital welfare – pensions and securities – will be liberalised and mobilised to privatise nature. Privatised nature will be rented out as environmental services – and the people handed the bill. We need no crystal ball to foresee that faced with permanent austerity and a multi-gazillion dollar – or 'synthetic hegemonic currency' – bill plus compound interest (all fiat will be toast) …the conditions will be rife for any number of charismatic personalities to step up and say: "I will promise you freedom from this form of illiberal capitalism with my new creed of ultranationalist unity: built on the common ancestry (ethnoi; narod) of national idealism (dasein) of the sovereigntist People". I suspect Dugin – or a younger sycophantic acolyte – will have a great future ahead of them. Humanity, not so much. I do not suppose anyone will heed the call to disarm now: before it is too late? Nuclear War: Just Another Day without Pakistani president's Imran Khan infront of the UN last month? In his long speech full with falsehoods he threatened that Pakistan is thinking of a nuclear war over Indian Kashmir. That from the land that sheltered Osama Bin Laden, Khalid Sheikh Mohammed, Maulana Masood Azhar . The man in mum on his own Baluchistan but also on Xinjiang, Yemen, Syria etc. Check after 48 minutes here: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sLSsBRZeCjg Reply to Antonym https://electronicintifada.net/content/inside-israels-million-dollar-troll-army/27566 Reply to milosevic https://news-communique.com/index.php/2019/08/25/pakistan-president-arif-alvi-leads-troll-army-releases-a-fake-video-to-malign-india/ Pakistan only developed nuclear weapons after India had done so first. 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than the huge illegal nuclear arsenal of the utterly vile genocidal Zionist Regime. China attacked India conventionally in 1962 in the Himalaya. In 1964 China exploded its first atomic test bomb, in 1967 it first hydrogen bomb. India followed only then in 1974, too late to be admitted in the 5 member nuclear clubhouse. Next China secretly send Pakistan a nuke bomb design plus a plane load of plutonium. The Afghan war later made the CIA close its eyes for Pakistani nuclear smuggle from the West (Urenco) for uranium based weapons. The 1962 war was instigated by India. China limited the conflict and brought it to an end as swiftly as possible. Imran Khan is far less frightening from an Armageddon point of view than Nuttyyahoo or the genocidal Zionist Regime in general, which has long relished the prospect of the extermination of all the goyim. Spot on article, Colin. There is a vast network of western elites, including corporate bosses, politicians, media, military brass, think-tank propagandists and bought-and-sold academics, who work tirelessly to lull populations into acceptance of imperialist hegemony and the 'inevitability' of war. The survival of the planet and the human species depends upon enough people everywhere becoming aware of the falsity of such narratives as 'humanitarian intervention', 'regime change', etc., and actively opposing them. Precisely what Tony Benn said in his last interview. It is going to be n uphill struggle, but we must stay aware and positive, and ignore completely all the MSM presstitutes, who have their own agenda and are a law unto themselves. They are working tirelessly to make us despondent and apathetic. That is quite the dish. Allow me to compare it to a large pizza (humanity) with lots of different toppings on it (circumstances). Since the emphasis is given on 'nuclear war', I like to start with the mushrooms on the pizza. With the first mushroom clouds, an era was initiated that would ultimately completely alter human consciousness. Before the first atom bombs, wars were devastating, brutal and destructive – but survivable. 'Survival' before the first two nukes was threatened by physical force and albeit outlawed by chemical and biological warfare. After the mushroom clouds had settled, survival was also threatened by something invisible, tasteless, odorless and silent. Radiation. Radiation eludes the average mind, as it it not possible to grasp it. When its effects are apparent, death will be inevitable and might occur without any prior physical harm. The human mind is ill equipped for this kind of danger. Evolution outfitted humans with senses that are without exception useless when it comes to radiation. If you don't count the 6th sense in – to leave the area before it will be contaminated. I do my best to keep it short, but it is indeed very important to discuss this topic. Actually, humanity's continuance is depending on discussing this issue that is so many issues at once. Staying with the mushrooms some more, you may or may not remember, or know about the fake missile alert in Hawai'i on January 13th, 2018 – a lovely Saturday morning just like any other lovely morning. On my way to have breakfast in the village of Pahoa, I noticed cops driving around and stopping other vehicles, talking to the people inside. Then a cop stopped me too and told me that "The crazy guy has launched two ballistic missiles at Hawai'i. You should go home and stay with your family." That was an akward feeling for sure. Exactly like watching the two towers in Manhattan turn into pulver. I responded to him that "I need some breakfast first" and continued to the healthfood store. The remarkable fact is, that most of the Pahoa people would say "Oh yes? Okay then." There are no guarantees in life in the first place. It was apparent that those who were relatively new in town, or the area were hit the hardest by the fake alert. Especially on Oahu. There were other people at the healthfood store, obviously also not really concerned having breakfast. 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when the alarm went off on our phones. The cops had told people to turn around before the alert went out to the phones. An important point. Here however, it is only important how people reacted to this "Emergency Alert: Extreme – THIS IS NOT A DRILL. OK" While it was swept under the rag by local authorities and Washington as much as possible, this was the first incoming ballistic missile alert in the history of the U.S. The 'Emergency Alert System' that relays alerts to citizens' cell phones is not that old. There was no such alert before that explicitly stated "NOT A DRILL." Which resonates with the also mentioned 'structural violence' in the article. Structural violence here is the absence of any form of redress for this kind of abuse. A scapegoat is oushed before the people and that was it. It is now known that based on the "THIS IS NOT A DRILL" missile alert, scores of people are now suffering from PTSD – as the brain is incapable to separate fact from fiction, especially with the addendum that the incoming ballistic missiles are not a drill. Call me callous, but I have internalized George Carlin's set of simple rules of which number one is to "never believe what my government tells me". Feel free to let me know if you heard anything about compensation payments for emotional abuse. Even without nuclear war being an intentional threat – as there seems to be no real Dr. Strangelove in office, or left to make that decision single handed – the threat the nuclear arsenal poses is ludicrously high. Sure, nobody speaks about it on a regular basis, but even with nuclear warheads being excempt from planned obsolescence, the danger lies in the failure of the system, or components thereof. Even human error is in the mix. To understand that it is not necessary to have a madmen like Bolton, Pence and Pompeo push the proverbial button, will make it easier to argue that only a global ban of all nuclear weapons will be able to prevent the accidental launch of WW3. But of course there is still Choks out there and chock of it. Humanity must also end the design and stockpiling of 'B&C' weapons. It is now apparent to a large number of folks, that the pizza contains other toppings that humanity better removes from it. To these, I count all toppings that contain a slew of chemicals and toxins that at least influence, or at worst incapacitate or inhibit critical thinking and reason. Please refer to the articles here on OffGuardian about GMO food products and the huge amounts of pesticides/herbicides used in the agri-industry. In combination with fluoride (see also the article about fluoride on Paul Craig Roberts website) and without emphasis it should be clear that the combination of the toppings makes for a very unhealthy pizza. A pizza that creates such a large degree of indifference, depression, gullibility and willful ignorance based on reduced thinking abilities, that the threat of nuclear war can no longer be given the importance it should have. In this fact lies also the potential deception about the climate color revolution. If you have paid attention to the statements given by the members of the movement to save earth, you will have noticed that none of these voices demand an immediate end to militarism – the biggest polluter, resource terminator and global warmer on planet earth. Not a single word. Nowhere. If anything, controversy between Greta lovers and Greta doubters. No demands to close the Pentagon, NSA and CIA shops. The burners of energy at the countless data centers that collect any and all information about any and everybody on earth – minus the filthy rich. They are excempt from getting spied on 24/7/52. No mentioning also about the Federal FIAT money printers. There are so many toxic toppings, that it requires a sea change of human consciousness – a quantum consciousness leap of sorts to come to terms with the fact that humanity is betting against its own survival. There is still money to be made with nuclear warheads – actually more than ever before and now loads of dough can be made by selling people solutions for the ensuing climate collapse. What is – as always – missing in the global discourse, are down to Earth solutions that are implementable immediately by the masses. 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cease and desist to torment the masses with fake austerity that is nothing but gush up 'economics'. Change starts in the mind. From there it moves to action, or the ceasing of such actions that are detrimental to the collective organism. Really small things, like recycling the cordless phone at home and replacing it with a wired one – no more batteries needed (if not for a memory function). Planting fruit trees wherever possible. BDS plastic. Not only the bag at the checkout. No, everything that does not come in hemp cellophane (sic). No more buying stuff that was flown in from the other side of the planet. It is all in the details – the more insignificant the solutions appear, the more significant will be their implementations. Why risk a nuclear conflagration if we don't have to? Give warmongers the mental healthcare they need instead. Mandatory minimum life. Apologies, it wouldn't come any shorter. Doctortrinate I think…that in the beginning – a need was built, and from that minute, necessitous life, instead of instantly recognising the erroneous design and inevitability of reproducing for a recurring chained reaction – decided to indulge it…..and so it continued, just that over time, along came the mercenary, who recognised the power that could be aquired from that dependent dawn and the ease of which it could be taken advantage – the profitablity in exploiting consumption realized – and so it went, But as their hunger grew ,the power frenzied for more – and greater was the 'need' to engorge themselves….so, the more they stole….as for the others, they didn't know what hit them, docile and compliant, their true essence long unremembered – and now – three score and ten and a healthy repeat to take on the name is all they ask for – no matter who suffers for it. Loverat A similar question i guess came up in Prof Piers Robinson's interesting talk in South London this evening. But more in the context of finding solutions to the problem of modern propaganda. Which in a way is the same thing because if we dont find a solution to our poor thinking and obsession with gadgets, which make us vulnerable to propaganda, likely we will be all carrying our eyeballs around. Piers offered a number of ideas but while he hinted that war with china and russia could result perhaps after iran – this was described as a likely medium term possibilty so perhaps even he could not contemplate the short term risks. But having read this article I am yet more convinced the way to achieve this goal is too scare the hell out of people. It's the only way people will wake up. This could happen tomorrow- one spark in Syria is all that's needed. Brian Steere When time is done, it will be a moment of a day – perhaps like today. How can it be otherwise than the loss of the 'ordinary' or familiar to an un-framing of our consciousness fro which we may be completely unprepared – or which we may have experienced throughout our lives at different levels of challenge to our sense of continuity? There are many threads that feed into this theme. One is that man made mass destruction as opposed to Cosmic catastrophe or Earth changes is an expression of our consciousness – regardless we 'try' to counter, check, deny or hide it. While the mainstream narrative sees biology over millions of years occurring by gradual uniform change to gradual uniform change, I see our consciousness – (as we now believe and experience it), in the current cycle of our human record – is only a few thousand years old and that its activation and development – far from a gradual learning over great periods of time – exploded all around the world. That this was synchronous with catastrophic events breaking a 'golden age' is mythically recorded all around the world but rationally rejected – not least because the rational is a layer set over the 'unconscious; or repressed psyche. The god-king, the City-state and the idea of 'self' as power OVER life, and world is associated with Planetary cataclysm that our current cosmos and consciousness – has no way to access or make sense of. 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' excepting to emulate, appease and align under powers of overwhelming force – that were themselves chaotic and periodically catastrophic – until all settled to the world in which a more linear narrative continuity could build as civilising cultural developments – WITHIN and alongside the archetypes of power struggle. There is another aspect to 'end times' that is apocalyptic – and literally I mean the drawing aside of the veil of devices by which we know not what we do – because we know not what we are. While I resonate with 'Separation Trauma' as being formative to the generating and structuring of our personality structure – as survival strategy – I also hold the sense that the splitting of the mind is WITHIN a greater whole that is forgotten or ruled out by division and conflict or 'doublethink'. Within our life focus we are for the most part almost exclusively identified with the body – but not as a true incarnation of embodiment of passion for life – but as a separating self-conscious inhibition of love AND of fear. Self-consciousness then usurps a true self-awareness as a masking of feared reality, under a narrative of continuity and control set as survival in terms of exposure to or reliving of such pain of loss. The imposition of 'order over chaos' as an ongoing struggle (and in which competing powers see the other as the evil, threat or chaos), is an archetypal narrative or mythic structure – in which we all serve different roles to each other – until we wake from 'structure' to being of a different order and quality than all the meanings of a conditioned (and self-conditioning) mind. I could have sketched how the tares have spread through the crop as a manipulative intent operating as private agenda beneath appearances – but breaking through as well as being falsely flagged onto proxies and patsies. But I do not feel drawn to engage in conflict with the conflicted – so much as release that for a simple desire for truth. It is my sense that no one can deny you the truth of who you are – excepting you give them the power to do so – or in other words do it to yourself under the assertion that they made you do it. Self-hatred is a terrible torment – and so it is hardly surprising that under its conviction we 'outsource' it to an alien will (the other). I'm sure no one cares to consider self-hattred when surely it is only those psychopathic evil scum that need to be pulled down and destroyed. But that is what I mean by outsourced self-hatred.Not that you are evil – but that the feared conviction that evil has a place in you is hated and cast out EXCEPTING when called down in righteous vengeance – when it takes on a sort of 'holiness' and the blanket firebombing of civilian populations becomes a sort of burnt sacrifice to a terrible god – that the 'Stockholm syndrome' aligns under as their only life. Lots of people use 'waking up' to mean seeing deceit. But that is only the first steap – and not a conclusion or destination. When what seemed true is undone of its status as fact – truth is OPEN to being discovered. Fixating on hateful deceits does not yield truth so much as petrify under the gorgon's horror. I recently read an account of people who experience destructive tornadoes as either dissociating or living in terror – with a few who are drawn to open in the energy of it as part of the energy of Life. The core issue of the human conditioning is of possession and control – set against a fear and pain of loss. the 'powers that be' can see no way to 'survive' in their terms but by radical contractions (enforced austerity under totalitarian 'smart' control of carbon guilts or social credits. But this is because they are addicted to their invested illusions – as perhaps are we all in some degree. And within the illusion of power over and under – anything true is ruled out – unless to be marketised and weaponised to feed the habit. A qualitative shift will not come as a top down saviour. And rising in Life is not rising up in the bait of hate. But aligning ONLY with that which truly serves purpose revealed in Life – is defended against as if a sacrifice, when in fact keeping ourselves in conflicted purpose sacrifices our full presence. 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2989, 10122, 29889, 13, 29902, 437 ]	1,332,301	10,240	CommonCrawl	19	18
not know if I will lose this focus in human living to nuclear war, cometary impact or something utterly mundane like falling off a chair. But I don't see it as an exclusive totality in and of itself but as a living expression now – and keeping that awareness amidst the events and demands of this day is part of holding a sense of worth that shares – even if it cannot often find a full expression in such fearfully identified society. Perhaps fear claims its harvest – by those who choose to accept it as their guide and protection. But it is never to late to live the willingness of a just day, this day. Lack of a true self-acceptance is a form of self judgement, rejection and hate – and then how can we relate to anyone in peace? Look at the body language of the crisis actors playing out their roles. the threat and fear are used to serve an agenda of power struggle. But if you change agenda to embrace a true re-education in life – then you look at all of it with new eyes. They offer you an education in how the mind is captured and run from which you can recognise a like pattern in yourself – and be in awareness of choice. The mind says whatever you do wont make any difference. But I say that everything you think and accept as true for you makes a difference to how you see, experience and respond to your life and your world. Self hate is made righteous under Green Eugenics. Humans as virus, humans as cancer, ordinary people as the cause of planetary destruction. This is an Ancient Script playing out. Recognition is the key to shifting the purpose of the script. It will play out – but to the purpose you accept in your heart. The problem is not new, it has been raised in the past by authors such as H.G.Wells and George Orwell. In Wells' novella 'The Time Machine' the time traveller travels from Victorian/Edwardian England to a distant future inhabited by the elois. The elois are completely useless and apathetic have no use for books, learning or reflection and enquiry. In the fullness of time traveller discovers that the elois are kept alive by the Morlocks who keep the whole show running and keep the elois alive with food and sustenance. Unfortunately – or otherwise – for the elois they come as dinner du jour on any given day for the Morlocks. The mass narcolepsy of contemporary society is also strikingly anticipated in this short novella. In one of Orwell's essays – I can't remember which one exactly – he theorised that it may be the case that most of human race don't actually want liberty. They have been genetically engineered bred and raised like a variety of shorthorned cattle. Alas the capture of any snippet of everyday conversation would serve to confirm this unfortunate situation. This is very well captured in Orwell's novel, 'Coming Up for Air'. The principal figures is George Bowling, insurance salesman, who sees only too well the authenticity and vacuous nature of contemporary life and the behaviour and mental processes – such as they are – of his fellow travellers on the morning train up to London. Orwell speaks through George Bowling here. "Of course there is no question that it's (i.e, war) coming. You can tell by the cheer up stuff in the newspapers and the way they're talking about it. I was reading a piece in the News Chronicle the other day where it said that bombing planes can't do any damage nowadays. The anti-aircraft guns have got so good that the bomber has to stay at twenty thousand feet. The writer thinks, you notice, that if a bomber is high enough the bombs won't actually reach the ground. Or more likely what he really meant was that they'll miss the Woolwich Arsenal and only hit places like Ellesmere Road (where I live). This precisely illustrates the crisis of humanity in the age of double-think, double-speak and the narcotization of thought, speech and the dominance of structure over agency. When there is a nuclear war, it will probably be a first strike offensive. It is likely to be between America and it's allies and Russia. If America starts it, it will have to, as a matter of course, protect itself by also attacking China. American psychology and geopolitical strategy make it imperative unless previous agreement had been reached between both countries. 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afterwards. Barovsky Don't you mean if there's a nuclear war? Reply to Barovsky Okay then, so why do you bother read and reply to such essays if that's the way you feel, because if it is, then you've already given up all hope. I don't want to think as I do. I lived through the first cold war and only opinion, this one is more dangerous because America has made it clear they want nothing less than world domination. The first time around it was possible to accept a reluctant live and let live philosophy but with less resources to share and a world economy out of control, it looks to me like a race to the death in which America is determined to win. Also, I have never given up hope. Hope and logic are different things. What makes it more dangerous is current western leadership, the worst in its history. Arrogant, venal, corrupt, irredeemably ignorant, and ideologically driven, self serving, not open to any agreement, headstrong, self regarding little sawdust Caesars. People like Kennedy and Khrushchev were very flawed individuals. But Kennedy had a torpedo boat sunk underneath him and Khrushchev fought at Stalingrad. Chirac, who died a few days ago, served as a French army conscript in Algeria. When we need a Bismarck or a Metternich, we get Macron, May and Merkel. Ken Kenn Truth is that even if one side gets their blows in first all that follows is not defence from the attacked. It is revenge. People like Bolton think that it is all about speed of attack. He also thinks that after a few attacks it will all stop for negotiations. Bolton is an idiot. He's not alone in his idiocy. He'll stand in the smouldering ruins of the USA with a singed moustache and declare _ " " We can make this country great again ." If he's still live of course? peugeott Excellent and 100% true! A companion piece to this is Max Blumenthal's 'Pentagon-funded researcher smears 'The Management of Savagery' in error-filled Times Literary Supplement screed', that exposes the lies in a 'review' of his book. https://thegrayzone.com/2019/10/01/pentagon-funded-researcher-smears-the-management-of-savagery-in-error-filled-times-literary-supplement-screed/ What strikes me about both essays, is the ease with which us privileged members of the imperialist states are druggedd (one way of the other) into going along with the savagery. I truly despair. vexarb Those humans who are born with (or have developed) an ethical sense will avoid any form of cruelty on any scale, small or large. Those who, like our fellow "groupies" in the animal kingdom — chimps, sheep, cattle, horses, all sorts of deer — will seek safety in numbers and Follow the Leader. Safety in numbers: once the herd knows that it's only Poor Old Tail End Charlie who's been brought down and eaten, they will go on munching their little patch because they know their procreative capacity can easily replenish that loss — as long as there is grass. Follow the Leader: because he is wise and knows the way to Winter Pasture. Of course a startling event might stampede an entire herd over a cliff; or the Leader might be a Judas Goat leading a herd of groupies to the slaughter. But the principle of Safety in Numbers ensures that a species will survive an enormous amount of lethal onslaught — as long as their environment is not destroyed. These principles apply to many animal species, from social insects such as ants and bees (remarkably long ancestry) to Jonny Come Lately H.sapiens. What distinguishes The Human Condition is Conscience; what TS Eliot called that rare thing, a Sense of Sin. "Praise be to Zeus who wrote this Law in His sky, That human beings must Learn by Suffering" — Aeschylus, Agamemnon. If we will learn no other way. wardropper Reply to vexarb	-0.224196	-0.778317	-0.931535	-0.231462	[ -0.7885025456428004, 0.3401100078521782 ]	[ -0.883068704434578, -0.6735651604213408 ]	[ -1.3755358226649164, -0.48753443365224913 ]	[ -0.6857261035665119, 0.22280246262080794 ]	1,024	[ 512, 512 ]	[ 12335, 29889, 13, 4297, 586, 7912, 13, 10310, 29915, 29873, 366, 2099, 565, 727, 29915, 29879, 263, 20346, 1370, 29973, 13, 5612, 368, 304, 2261, 586, 7912, 13, 20434, 388, 769, 29892, 577, 2020, 437, 366, 24738, 1303, 322, 8908, 304, 1316, 3686, 1036, 565, 393, 29915, 29879, 278, 982, 366, 4459, 29892, 1363, 565, 372, 338, 29892, 769, 366, 29915, 345, 2307, 2183, 701, 599, 4966, 29889, 13, 29902, 1016, 29915, 29873, 864, 304, 1348, 408, 306, 437, 29889, 306, 10600, 1549, 278, 937, 11220, 1370, 322, 871, 9426, 29892, 445, 697, 338, 901, 18215, 1363, 6813, 756, 1754, 372, 2821, 896, 864, 3078, 3109, 1135, 3186, 2432, 3381, 29889, 450, 937, 931, 2820, 372, 471, 1950, 304, 3544, 263, 1104, 5313, 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Foremost Seafood: The Freshest Fish in Dayton July 20, 2013 By The Food Adventures Crew 3 Comments Owner Tom Patterson with a fresh fish order Hey seafood lovers, Food Adventures with The Big Ragu & Crew is about to change your world. There is a little known secret that has been in the Miami Valley for 30 years. It is called Foremost Seafood, and it's located at Woodman Center Drive in Kettering. It is a seafood distributor, that has a retail store open to the public. What's the big deal? Foremost gets daily shipments (not Sundays) of fresh caught seafood from Boston, Virgina, Florida and Alaskan suppliers. This allows Daytonians access to an incredible variety of nautical fare and ensures the freshest seafood. This is the type of access that is usually only found in mega cities. It started with owner Tom Patterson, who in 1983 was typically listening to music like David Bowie in the basement of his parents home. From that house he sold his first shipment, fifty pounds of shrimp to the meat manager at Dorothy Lane Market, Helga. He still provides seafood to Dorothy Lane Market to this day. Over the years he has quietly built and empire and runs the buying for the business. This is important because he is an expert. Tom has a degree in marine biology from South Florida University. He worked on shrimp farms in Ecuador in the late 1970's. During this time he also was setting trends in Galveston, TX by helping develop new shrimp farming technology. His knowledge is Dayton's gain, as this hometown boy is now a successful businessman, bringing quality eats to the Foremost faithful. And they are faithful, most of his business is from customers that have been visiting the retail store for over a decade. Today, deliveries from Boston and Virginia arrive by truck the next day, while seafood from Alaska and Florida are flown in specially to Dayton airport. *HERE'S THE SKINNY: Live Softshell Crabs are available in season, at Foremost Seafood — Foremost Seafood is NOT a restaurant, it is a storefront to buy fresh seafood. Think of it as a mini seafood market. — Foremost provides seafood for most of the upscale, locally owned restaurants in Dayton. — The fish they sell were caught on 'day boats' (only 1 or 2 days at sea). Translation: these are the freshest fish available and were not sitting in a ship's cooler for two weeks. Only the highest quality is the rule at Foremost Seafood. — The fresh fish is not displayed, it is kept whole and sliced only at the time of the order. The reasoning is to keep air and light from deteriorating the meat of the fish. "Be loyal to the fish" is their mantra. You order from a price list of fresh fish, they trim the fish and bring your order out for the 'ok' before they wrap it. — Locally owed since 1983 by Tom Patterson and his wife Pam. Another true mom and pop establishment. Fresh Carolina Shrimp – Never frozen — Experts handle the fish once it arrives in Dayton. People like Chef Tony Coletta who worked at Garstkas and Chef Nate Young currently at the Oakwood Club — Foremost offers over 300 varieties of fresh and frozen seafood specialties. — Hours are a little tricky: Tuesdays – Fridays 9am -6pm, Saturday and Monday 9am-noon, Closed Sundays *MUST EATS: Fresh Carolina Shrimp: Caught just a couple of days ago, these huge shrimp run about $14.99/lb and have never been frozen, which in Ohio is practically unheard of. Taste the freshness without having to travel to North or South Carolina. These shrimp are usually the 21-25 count per pound variety, and are absolutely incredible. Scottish Salmon: Foremost usually offers 4 types of fresh Salmon, but The Big Ragu & Crew recommend the Scottish Salmon for some killer grilling this summer !! 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, Wahoo fish that was recently caught in Hawaii Cherrystone Clams: Yes, they are alive. You can shuck them and eat 'em raw, but our favorite is to steam them then dip them in butter. Either way, be prepared for a fresh taste of the ocean! Sushi Grade Tuna: This tuna is super-high quality and can be sliced and eaten raw. If sushi isn't your style, consider coating the tuna with red pepper, sesame seeds or any spicy rub. Then pan-sear it on all sides (even the edges). We tried it both raw and cooked and loved it all. Check out our photo album below where we cooked lots of Foremost items and holla' at your foodie boys. Fresh Tilapia: You can still see the knife marks on the filets where it was carved. Talk about fresh! This mild fish is a favorite, even for the pickiest eaters. Try it baked for 20 minutes at 350degrees. Use your own spices, Don't ask us, we aren't chef's we are just two guys that love to eat ! Check out their table of free recipe cards. Soft-Shell Crabs: This delicacy is for serious eaters! They are alive. You can't get any fresher than that. The most popular way to cook these are breaded and pan seared. They are also used in local sushi houses stuffed into 'spider rolls.' Softshell crabs are consumed entirely. That's right, eat the whole thing, shell and all. Only for true Food Adventurers, and The Big Ragu, Chef House, and Hungry Jax say they are delicious ! Crab Dip: This slightly spicy dip is so addicting, you will have to lock the refrigerator. Get some wheat thins or melba toasts and go to town on this stuff. Made from a mixture of pseudo-crab sticks and cream cheese, it is perfect party snacking. Food Adventures will not be held responsible for brawls over the last scoop. What are you lookin at? Fresh Red Snapper A couple of side notes: With the demand for fresh seafood, (over half of it coming from Boston), once in a while they run out of items. It is the nature of fresh offerings. But there are so many other choices like Blue crab from Virgina, Snow Crab legs, live oysters, the list goes on an on. Fresh fish that we have been buying for years include Red Snapper, Grouper, Wahoo, Bronzini and Halibut. Also, special orders such as live lobsters need to be pre-ordered. They even offer do it yourself fish frys where pricing is based on pounds of fish purchased. For years, The Big Ragu, Chef House and Hungry Jax have been hitting up this place for our party food needs, cookouts, or just a craving for some fish at home. It is truly one of our favorites. Foremost Seafood's philosophy is simple, freshness and being loyal to the integrity of fish in regards to handling. Owner Tom buys the best and sells the best. Now you know about yet another Dayton gem. Our city is lucky to have access to this fresh food. Don't forget to visit the free recipe table. Whether you want to eat healthy, or just love fish, get yourself into Foremost Seafood and see for yourself. There is nothing fishy here. Check out our stunning photo album below and "like" Food Adventures on Facebook HERE. Come on, don't be shellfish…. [flagallery gid=48] Filed Under: Dayton Dining, Food Adventures, The Featured Articles Tagged With: Ahi, alaska, alaskan, Big Ragu, blue crab, boston, Bronzini, carolina, chef, cherrystone, clams, cookout, crab dip, crabs, Dayton, fish, florida, Food Adventures, Foremost Seafood, fresh, frozen seafood, grill, Grouper, Halibut, healthy, Kettering, lobster, mussels, nate young, oysters, pam, red snapper, salmon, Scallops, scotland, Scottish, seafood, shell, shellfish, shrimp, Snow Crab, soft,	0.046999	0.649709	-0.504337	-1.494102	[ 0.10315615863539264, -0.009157226542505711 ]	[ 0.9541162199891933, 0.345302502343889 ]	[ -0.3686481355873615, -0.6400259253034783 ]	[ -1.4056553253054975, -1.5825485035466937 ]	1,024	[ 512, 512 ]	[ 29892, 399, 26779, 9427, 393, 471, 10325, 12624, 297, 26901, 29875, 13, 1451, 261, 719, 12734, 2233, 2232, 29901, 3869, 29892, 896, 526, 18758, 29889, 887, 508, 528, 2707, 963, 322, 17545, 525, 331, 10650, 29892, 541, 1749, 25448, 338, 304, 21837, 963, 769, 28191, 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soft-shell, sushi, tom patterson, tony coletta, tuna, Virgina, virginia, wahoo, woodman Dayton Celtic Festival 2010 With Gaelic Storm July 27, 2010 By J.T. Ryder 1 Comment A First Class Party In Third Class Gaelic Storm happens to be one of the more notable acts currently on the Gaelic/Celtic scene. From an inauspicious beginning of playing a small pub in Santa Monica, CA, to (within a year of their inception) appearing in one of the most popularly successful movies of all time (Titanic), Gaelic Storm has led a charmed life indeed. They appeared in Titanic in one of the most memorably pivotal scenes in the movie, playing John Ryan's Polka for an Irish party in third class. From their, they were catapulted onto the scene, taking on a grueling tour schedule that has not relented in all the ensuing years. One of the things that makes Gaelic Storm so accessible is the perfect blend and balance of traditional Irish and Scottish songs and melodies mixed with various influences from around the world and enlivened with an edge of rock and roll. The energy that flows from the stage when Gaelic Storm performs is very much real and the audience feeds right back into that energy, making it consummately genuine. I was able to interview Steve Twigger, guitarist and part of the lead vocals for the band, as he took a brief respite from the road. What follows is the unexpurgated transcripts of that interview. J.T.: How are you doing today? Steve: Good, good. J.T.: Where are you at in the world? Steve: Uh, down in Austin. J.T.: Well, I guess the first thing, before I forget to ask…I just now, literally ten minutes ago, got a copy of Cabbage, so I haven't been able to give it a listen yet…is that going to be for sale at the Dayton Celtic Festival? Steve: I think it is, yes. I think it is officially for release on the third and, if I'm not mistaken, we're kind of sneaking it out there early for Dayton. I might want to confirm that. I'm not 100% sure. J.T.: I can't remember what year it was, but it was a similar circumstance and you guys brought and sold copies before the official release date. Steve: Yeah, and that, as I recall, is sort of what we are doing this time, but I want to make sure. (Editor's Note: The new CD will be available at the festival!) J.T.: Now, how is the album being receive critique-wise? Steve: Well, it's the early days yet. There's a few reviews coming in, but people seem to be taking to it. There's a mention of it being a little different than what we have done in the past, but I tend to think that it's a lot of the Gaelic Storm that people are used to done with a lot more energy, if that's possible. I think that we have taken off in a couple of different paths that might be interesting to people. J.T.: There's seems that there would always be a risk in changing or experimenting with new sounds. Did that cross your mind when you embarked on this? Steve: Oh yes! You know, the music is sort of a vehicle for us to enjoy ourselves and for the night to be enjoyable for everybody. That is kind of how we set off playing. We had no ax to grind or soapbox to stand on. We just honestly and purely wanted to enjoy ourselves and so for us, as I said, the music is that vehicle to achieve that. We have nothing to prove and no artistic bones to grind here. But, as you go along, you realize that sometimes you are moving over familiar ground and you start wandering towards other influences. I think there are more than a few influences in this CD, musical genres that we're all kind of interested in. J.T.: Well, I had recently interviewed Scythian and when I read their bio, it touted them as having a Ukrainian/Celtic sound and I thought, 'That sounds…horrific.' 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vibe lent itself well to the Celtic music. Do you guys, when you're at some of these open folk festivals, do you find yourself listening to other forms of World music, are you influenced by these other genres? Steve: Yeah, in fact, we were just in Spain. We played up in Galacia, up in the northwest of Spain, at a huge festival up there with like 30,000 people. Of course, there they had some of the usual suspects from Ireland and England, but of course the local Gaelic and Celtic music there is huge. They love the (uilleann) pipes, but it is a very different sound than what we are used to and especially to what Americans term to be Celtic music. There is almost a Middle Eastern influence throughout Galacian music. On tour, we'll pass through France and listen to the music of Brittany, the Breton music. So, all in all, even within the subsection of Gaelic music, there are different sounds. You don't have to step out of the genre to hear completely different sounds. J.T.: Well, and I think that's what a lot of people whom I term 'The Purists'…I think it's hard to explain to them that even when you are speaking about 'traditional' Celtic music, there are so many other influences in it, even back then, so to point at something and say, 'This is Celtic music' seems kind of difficult. Steve: Yeah, I agree with you 100% on that and I think that people have picked one particular aspect of it and decided to cling to that as if it were the rarest of antiquities. Well, fine, put on a shelf, put it in a frame and keep it there, and meanwhile, the music just keeps on moving and changing. J.T.: Exactly. Now, you guys have played Dayton…I can't even count the number of times that you have been here. Do you have any special memories of Dayton? Steve: Well, Dayton has always been family to us. We met Bill Russell, who runs the festival, many, many years ago. I remember his daughters were dancing out in the crowd and we brought them up on stage. They were young back then and they were Irish dancing and so we brought them up on stage. Then, they showed up at another theater that we played at somewhere in Ohio and we put them up on stage and then afterward, in the lobby, we met their parents and became friends with them and saw them at subsequent events. Through the relationship we had with them, they built up kind of a comfort to progress into promoting shows, so we really feel like we've been hand in hand with them through the process. You know, we were there at the very first Celtic Festival in Dayton and here we are again, however many years later. So, it definitely has a family feel in Dayton. We always try to make the music completely accessible and seamless with the audience and I really think that it's come to fruition there in Dayton. That's the way it should be! It's not just about us going up on stage. We've made friends and those friends have gone on to create events that we play at, and that's the heart of folk music right there. J.T.: That's the way it's supposed to be. Steve: Yeah! Yep. J.T.: Well, you were saying earlier about the different influences before and I think that it would work the opposite way where people that think that Celtic music is a certain type of music and that they don't want anything to do with it will hear your take on it and be drawn in and maybe explore other facets of the genre. Steve: Yeah, well, you know, we've certainly done our part. We're on the road two-hundred days a year for the last fourteen or fifteen years and as we've gone along, we've tried to bridge a few gaps, I guess, and without stepping on toes. You know, the purists, the sort of elder statesmen of the Celtic world, they certainly looked down their nose at us when we first started. 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BTW Classifieds How to Post a Classified Ad To post a classified ad, please send your ad text (including contact information) to ABA's Emily Behnke. Classified ads appear on this page and in ABA's Bookselling This Week newsletter. ABA bookstore members receive up to four free classified ads per year. More information about advertising with ABA can be found here. Digital Marketing Coordinator Wanted Bookshop Santa Cruz is seeking a talented email marketing and social media coordinator to create compelling, innovative, relevant, and impactful promotions that further Bookshop's mission of connecting customers to the written word. Responsibilities would include producing and analyzing Bookshop Santa Cruz's email marketing and social media channels as well as being a key member of the marketing team to launch, coordinate and produce Bookshop Santa Cruz's promotions. Work in the heart of the Santa Cruz community by sharing a passion for books and independent bookstores with our engaged and supportive customer base. This position will be supervised by Bookshop's Marketing Director. Creating email marketing campaigns end-to-end, managing email databases, and creating newsletters. Reviewing analytics and creating reports on key metrics using POS data and Google analytics. Executing a results-driven social media strategy for promotions and campaigns on Facebook, Instagram, Tik Tok, and Twitter. Developing and curating engaging content for social media platforms. Representing the Bookshop Santa Cruz brand across marketing platforms. Collaborating with marketing team members to create a robust and innovative marketing calendar that reflects the Santa Cruz community. Monitoring the digital marketing space and social media channels for industry trends. Interacting with users and responding to social media messages, inquiries, and comments. Partnering with the Marketing Director to accomplish all Bookshop Santa Cruz promotions (digital and otherwise). Brainstorming new and creative growth strategies for digital marketing. Other duties as needed including assisting on the Bookshop sales floor. Skills We Expect: 1-2 years experience with B2C email marketing and social media marketing or content development (Facebook, Instagram, Twitter, and TikTok) Experience with the Constant Contact platform Proficiency with video and photo editing tools, digital media formats, and HTML Strong organizational skills including attention to detail and ability to multitask Knowledge of SEO/SEM and Google Analytics Excellent written communication and copywriting skills An ability to work under tight deadlines Strong interpersonal skills, including experience building and maintaining relationships with a diverse network of individuals and organizations The ability to work effectively both independently and as a team Love and knowledge of books a must Self-motivation, enthusiasm, and willingness to learn Up to 40 hours/week Starting at $19/hour + dental and vision benefits after 60 days, PTO, generous employee discounts + book borrowing This position is located at Bookshop Santa Cruz. This position is represented by the Communication Workers of America Union. Bookshop Santa Cruz embraces diversity and equal opportunity in our workplace. We are committed to building a team that represents a variety of backgrounds, perspectives, and skills. To apply, send a current resume, cover letter outlining your interest and experience, and writing sample to [email protected]. The writing sample should be a subject line and introductory paragraph (1-2 sentences) for a Bookshop Santa Cruz email announcing 2022's Most Anticipated Books of the Year. Politics and Prose Hiring Director of Events Director of Events Politics and Prose is seeking a Director of Events to oversee the company's many and varied author talks. This is a full-time (40 hours per week) position that reports to P&P's Chief Operating Officer and works closely with the marketing and programs departments. The position is pivotal in planning, organizing, and managing events held either in-person or online. Duties include but are not limited to: Supervising an events staff of several people; Ensuring that over the course of a year, P&P's events reflect a broad range of authors; Connecting with publishing representatives to be aware of upcoming books and available authors; Figuring out which authors to schedule and when	0.314086	-0.277836	0.600196	-0.521189	[ 0.12096193921237652, 0.507210410190027 ]	[ -0.507036702359537, -0.048635785544249105 ]	[ 0.5672248027794338, 0.6331670694394248 ]	[ -0.856766198704139, -0.18561266949489486 ]	1,024	[ 512, 512 ]	[ 24750, 4134, 2164, 29879, 13, 5328, 304, 4918, 263, 4134, 2164, 2087, 13, 1762, 1400, 263, 770, 2164, 594, 29892, 3113, 3638, 596, 594, 1426, 313, 18271, 6958, 2472, 29897, 304, 319, 5688, 29915, 29879, 2812, 2354, 1522, 3123, 446, 29889, 13, 2385, 2164, 594, 29879, 2615, 373, 445, 1813, 322, 297, 319, 5688, 29915, 29879, 13730, 7807, 910, 15511, 9763, 15670, 29889, 319, 5688, 3143, 8899, 5144, 7150, 701, 304, 3023, 3889, 770, 2164, 594, 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and also determining which of P&P's various venues would be best-suited for a particular author event; Working with the marketing department to promote events. The ideal candidate will have at least three years of event-planning experience, preferably with authors. Also desirable are excellent verbal and written communication skills, as well as strong interpersonal and negotiation skills. Familiarity with the publishing industry and working knowledge of Zoom, Eventbrite, Square and Edelweiss are huge pluses. Complete and submit the online application at www.politics-prose.com and email a resume and a brief introduction to [email protected] Explore Booksellers Hiring Floor Manager Explore Booksellers, a local treasure and nationally-known independent bookstore, has been serving the Aspen, Colorado community for nearly 50 years. We curate a large collection of books ranging widely in subject matter and a beautiful selection of cards, journals, gifts and games. Known as a community gathering place for locals and visitors alike with a "salon-like vibrancy", Explore also offers a thoughtful and inspiring line-up of speakers and events that welcome and challenge visitors to discover and explore new ideas. We are seeking a Floor Manager to manage our bookstore team of 3-7 booksellers and assist the General Manager in supervising and managing store operations. This position is part of the Explore Booksellers' leadership team and is a key component to making Explore Booksellers a central part of the community. Responsibilities include, but are not limited to: Planning and preparing bookseller work schedules Hiring, training, and managing year-round and seasonal team members Leading by example in providing excellent customer service, ensuring complete customer satisfaction by addressing requests and resolving problems Oversees bookseller sales, including deposits, accounts receivable, and sales reporting Working with General Manager to develop and implement the in-store marketing strategy including displays, product placement, and signage Receiving and tracking new merchandise, including verifying and databasing orders, and shelving incoming products Opening and closing of the store Securing staffing and providing logistical support for on and off-site bookstore events The expectation is the Floor Manager will spend 24 hours per week working the sales floor, and 16 hours "off floor" hours for scheduling and other managerial tasks. Full availability is required for the summer festival season and the December holiday season. You're a great fit for this position if you: Are great at building and managing a team Have excellent customer service skills Are an avid reader and love exploring new ideas Are good at problem solving and innovating, and have an eagerness to learn Have strong attention to detail and are computer and technology savvy Minimum qualifications include previous experience as a team leader or manager and 1-3 years of experience in a retail environment. A Bachelor's degree from an accredited college or university is preferred, but not required. Ideal candidates will have more robust staff management experience, strong community relations skills, and 3+ years of retail management experience. Location: Aspen, Colorado Compensation and Benefits: $15 - $20 per hour commensurate with experience. Benefits may include health insurance and paid time off. We also offer a generous employee discount How to apply: To apply, please send your resume and a cover letter to Jenny Douglass at [email protected] Explore Booksellers is an equal opportunity employer. Explore Booksellers Hiring For General Manager We are seeking a new General Manager who loves books, the Aspen community and connecting people to great ideas. The General Manager is responsible for building and overseeing the team of people who work in the store, as well as overseeing the business operations and steering the bookstore towards success. Recruiting, training, and managing the booksellers and other staff Overseeing day-to-day operations, including overseeing inventory management and all budget and financial aspects of the store Marketing, including email newsletter, website, social media, and new innovations Building community between the bookstore and businesses and groups in the Roaring Fork Valley and beyond, including helping to organize events You're a great fit for this position if you: Are independent and entrepreneurial, but also comfortable with oversight Qualifications: Min	0.581173	-0.165474	0.759979	-0.283164	[ 0.8085390045697542, 0.35380676214216583 ]	[ -0.036996699765735934, -0.29395190118368053 ]	[ 0.7802690489117124, 0.7396891925055641 ]	[ -0.15699759654411313, -0.4093305125646429 ]	1,024	[ 512, 512 ]	[ 322, 884, 3683, 2827, 607, 310, 349, 29987, 29925, 29915, 29879, 5164, 6003, 1041, 723, 367, 1900, 29899, 2146, 1573, 363, 263, 3153, 4148, 1741, 29936, 13, 5531, 292, 411, 278, 9999, 292, 14311, 304, 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imum qualifications include previous experience as a team leader or manager of 3+ employees/direct reports, have excellent independent judgment and discretion and the ability to oversee significant projects. A Bachelor's degree from an accredited college or university is preferred, but not required. Ideal candidates will have robust staff management experience, a track record of driving business goals and vision including managing a budget and business plan, and 3+ years of retail or small business experience. Compensation and Benefits: The compensation range for this position is $32,000-$50,000 and depends on relevant experience, education, and location. Our benefits package may include medical, dental, and vision insurance for employees and dependents and paid time off. Housing assistance also is available. How to apply: To apply, please send your resume and a cover letter to Jenny Douglass at [email protected]. Bookstores For Sale Saturn Booksellers For Sale The search is on for the person or persons to take over the reins of Saturn Booksellers and build on a 29-year history as Gaylord's hometown bookstore with a national reputation. The quick facts: Established in 1993 in Gaylord, MI It's the only general, independent bookstore in a six-county radius. N. MI is a tourist mecca, so the store is both a year-round business serving locals and a destination for tourists, many of whom become year-round customers online. Maintains a website serving customers across the continental U.S. and Hawai'i It stocks about 90% new books, 10% toys, games and gift items. Has hosted hundreds of major authors on their national tours, and enjoys a reputation among the publishing world for creative and fun events. It's the recipient of many awards, including MI Retailer of the Year Valpak & American Express Shop Small National Grand Prize Winner the local Chamber's Golden Pineapple for Best Customer Service Best Customer Service, Best Store Staff, Best Bookstore, Best Place to Work, Best Workplace Culture, Best Boss, Best Overall Company to Work For, and Best Hangout several times over in regional Reader Awards It has an existing lease through the end April of 2022 on a 2755 sq. ft. space, with 3 one-year extensions perfect for a new owner to establish themselves before having to decide if they want to remain in the same space, move the shop, purchase a building, etc. More sq. footage is currently available adjacent to our space. Has a knowledgeable and fun staff of booksellers, many of whom would be pleased to discuss staying in place with a new owner. The owner is local and available to help with the transition. Financials with NDA available upon request. Discussions and offers will be entertained until March 1, 2022. About Jill Miner: I purchased the store from its founders in 1998 and moved it from a strip mall into a building I purchased in the heart of downtown Gaylord. In 2015 I sold that building and moved '38 steps' to the east into the space we now occupy. During my time as owner, I've been privileged to be associated with GLiBA in many capacities, from Education Director to President, Past President, Vice President, Secretary, holiday catalog salesperson and more. I've also served on committees for the ABA in different capacities over the years. I have probably met many of you at trade shows and author dinners and the like. I'd be honored to talk to you if you are considering a bookstore purchase in the immediate future, or might want to add our store as another location for your existing shop. Jill Miner Saturn Booksellers, Gaylord, MI 49735 989-732-8899 (store) 989-614-1202 (personal cell) [email protected] (personal email) Unique and Wonderful Ann Arbor Bookstore for Sale Crazy Wisdom Bookstore and Tea Room, housed in its own beautifully renovated building on Main Street in downtown Ann Arbor, is closing in February of 2022, but could be for sale to the right buyer/s. 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👼 Set your curiosity free with rich, wide-ranging, hyper-connected information. 🕊️ Deaths 2020 Coronavirus by Country Emoji of the day Smart Picture of the Day Wikipedia+ Quote of the day January 1–16, 2021 Top quotes for this month, selected by Wikiquote contributors. It is not suffering as such that is most deeply feared but suffering that degrades. ~ Susan Sontag ~ An individual has not begun to live until he can rise above the narrow horizons of his particular individualistic concerns to the broader concerns of all humanity. And this is one of the big problems of life, that so many people never quite get to the point of rising above self. And so they end up the tragic victims of self-centeredness. They end up the victims of distorted and disrupted personality. … These are the people who cannot face disappointments. These are the people who cannot face being defeated. These are the people who cannot face being criticized. These are the people who cannot face these many experiences of life which inevitably come because they are too centered in themselves. ~ Martin Luther King, Jr. ~ President Trump gravely endangered the security of the United States and its institutions of Government. He threatened the integrity of the democratic system, interfered with the peaceful transition of power, and imperiled a coequal branch of Government. He thereby betrayed his trust as President, to the manifest injury of the people of the United States.… Donald John Trump thus warrants impeachment and trial, removal from office, and disqualification to hold and enjoy any office of honor, trust, or profit under the United States. ~ The United States House of Representatives ~ Rosalynn and I are troubled by the violence at the U.S. Capitol today. This is a national tragedy and is not who we are as a nation. Having observed elections in troubled democracies worldwide, I know that we the people can unite to walk back from this precipice to peacefully uphold the laws of our nation, and we must. We join our fellow citizens in praying for a peaceful resolution so our nation can heal and complete the transfer of power as we have for more than two centuries. ~ Jimmy Carter ~ We faced an unprecedented assault on our Capitol, our Constitution, and our country. The assault was fueled by more than four years of poison politics spreading deliberate misinformation, sowing distrust in our system, and pitting Americans against one another. The match was lit by Donald Trump and his most ardent enablers, including many in Congress, to overturn the results of an election he lost. The election was free, the count was fair, the result is final. We must complete the peaceful transfer of power our Constitution mandates. ~ Bill Clinton ~ I am appalled by the reckless behavior of some political leaders since the election and by the lack of respect shown today for our institutions, our traditions, and our law enforcement. The violent assault on the Capitol — and disruption of a Constitutionally-mandated meeting of Congress — was undertaken by people whose passions have been inflamed by falsehoods and false hopes. ~ George W. Bush ~ Today's violent assault on our Capitol, an effort to subjugate American democracy by mob rule, was fomented by Mr. Trump. His use of the Presidency to destroy trust in our election and to poison our respect for fellow citizens has been enabled by pseudo political leaders whose names will live in infamy as profiles in cowardice. Our Constitution and our Republic will overcome this stain and We the People will come together again in our never-ending effort to form a more perfect Union, while Mr. Trump will deservedly be left a man without a country. ~ Jim Mattis ~ We gather due to a selfish man's injured pride, and the outrage of supporters who he has deliberately misinformed for the past two months and stirred to action this very morning. What happened here today was an insurrection incited by the President of the United States. Those who choose to continue to support his dangerous gambit by objecting to the results of a legitimate democratic election will forever be seen as being complicit in an unprecedented attack against our democracy. … For any who remain insistent on an audit in order to satisfy the many people who believe that the election was stolen, I'd offer this perspective — no Congressional audit is ever going to	0.833193	-0.201735	0.221028	-0.152445	[ 0.22231792095828481, 1.444068403625179 ]	[ -0.5356867596604926, 0.13221770116803247 ]	[ -0.05415424843971213, 0.4962100540686743 ]	[ -0.7930326271319433, 0.48814222998260215 ]	1,024	[ 512, 512 ]	[ 29871, 243, 162, 148, 191, 3789, 596, 27742, 3889, 411, 8261, 29892, 9377, 29899, 29878, 9776, 29892, 11266, 29899, 18045, 2472, 29889, 13, 243, 162, 152, 141, 30598, 14450, 29879, 29871, 29906, 29900, 29906, 29900, 13, 12521, 265, 485, 22693, 491, 15456, 13, 29923, 4346, 2397, 310, 278, 2462, 13, 12636, 442, 28908, 310, 278, 8373, 13, 5653, 4652, 29974, 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convince these voters, particularly when the President will continue to say that the election was stolen. The best way we could show respect for the voters who were upset is by telling them the truth. That's the burden, that's the duty of leadership. The truth is that President-elect Biden won the election, President Trump lost. ~ Mitt Romney ~ It is my considered judgment that my oath to support and defend the Constitution constrains me from claiming unilateral authority to determine which electoral votes should be counted and which should not. ~ Mike Pence ~ We're debating a step that has never been taken in American history. Whether Congress should overrule the voters and overturn a Presidential election. … President Trump claims the election was stolen. The assertions range from specific local allegations to Constitutional arguments to sweeping conspiracy theories. I supported the President's right to use the legal system, dozens of lawsuits received hearings in courtrooms all across our country, but over and over, the courts rejected these claims, including all-star judges whom the President himself has nominated. … The voters, the courts, and the states have all spoken. They've all spoken. If we overrule them, it would damage our republic forever. … If this election were overturned by mere allegations from the losing side, our democracy would enter a death spiral. Self-government, my colleagues, requires a shared commitment to the truth and a shared respect for the ground rules of our system. We cannot keep drifting apart into two separate tribes with a separate set of facts and separate realities, with nothing in common except our hostility towards each other and mistrust for the few national institutions that we all still share. Congress will either override the voters, overrule them, the voters, the states, and the courts for the first time ever, or honor the people's decision. I will not pretend such a vote would be a harmless protest gesture while relying on others to do the right thing. I will vote to respect the people's decision and defend our system of government as we know it. ~ Mitch McConnell ~ I believe that life has meaning. We are not on earth by chance; we do not come from nowhere to go to nowhere. This is a statement; it cannot be proved. Meaning implies both orientation and significance. Not every event or act or word has meaning, but everything is set in that orientation and signification. ~ Jacques Ellul ~ Philosophies can be judged, at most, on the grounds of the perspicacity with which they decide that something is worthy of becoming the starting point for a global explanatory hypothesis. Thus I do not think that the sign (or any other suitable object for a general semiotics) is a mere figment. ~ Umberto Eco ~ All you hear is time stand still in travel And feel such peace and absolute The stillness still that doesn't end But slowly drifts into sleep The stars are the greatest thing you've ever seen And they're there for you For you alone you are the everything. ~ R.E.M. ~ Salvation changes not, nor yet destroys, garden nor gardener, children nor their toys. Evil will not see, for evil lies not in God's picture but in crooked eyes, not in the source but in malicious choice, and not in sound but in the tuneless voice. In Paradise they no more look awry; and though they make anew, they make no lie. Be sure they still will make, not being dead, and poets shall have flames upon their head, and harps whereon their faultless fingers fall: there each shall choose for ever from the All. ~ J. R. R. Tolkien ~ In memory yet green, in joy still felt, The scenes of life rise sharply into view. We triumph; Life's disasters are undealt, And while all else is old, the world is new. ~ Isaac Asimov ~ I pray you to forgive Both bad and good. Last season's fruit is eaten And the fullfed beast shall kick the empty pail. For last year's words belong to last year's language And next year's words await another voice. ~ T. S. Eliot in Four Quartets, "Little Gidding" ~ Updated Saturday, January 16th 2021 at 05:29 UTC Sources: infoAnew is derived from Wikimedia Commons, Wikipedia, Wikiquote, Wiktionary, and YouTube. 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Justia Patents US Patent for Molten carbonate fuel cell Patent (Patent # 4,554,225) Molten carbonate fuel cell Mar 29, 1984 - Tokyo Shibaura Denki Kabushiki Kaisha In a molten carbonate fuel cell wherein a cathode and an anode of porous material formed in contact with an electrolyte layer, each of the cathode and anode comprises a bilayered structure having a first porous layer located at the side of the electrolyte layer and a second porous layer at the side of an element for supplying a fuel (or oxidant) gas and consisting of a sintered layer of a fibrous material. Pores in at least a portion of the first porous layer, which is adjacent to the electrolyte layer, have a size allowing capillary action of a molten carbonate, and pores of the second porous layer have a size not allowing capillary action. Latest Tokyo Shibaura Denki Kabushiki Kaisha Patents: Projection CRT with a green emitting terbium activated lanthanum oxychloride phosphor exhibiting nearly constant light-output of elevated temperatures Semiconductor device having a metal silicide layer connecting two semiconductors Method and apparatus for forming resist pattern Radial flow turbine rotor Control system of multi-joint arm robot apparatus The present invention relates to a molten carbonate fuel cell and, more particularly, to a molten carbonate fuel cell wherein an anode and a cathode are formed in contact with an electrolyte layer containing a carbonate and are porous layers, and the supply of reactive gas and the discharge of reaction products are performed through small pores in these electrodes. When a gas which can be easily oxidized, such as hydrogen gas, and a gas which has a strong oxidizing power, such as oxygen, are reacted through an electrochemical reaction process, DC power can be generated. A fuel cell realizes such a reaction process. Fuel cells are roughly classified based on the type of electrolyte used in fuel cells of phosphoric acid, molten carbonate, and solid electrolyte type. Of these types, molten carbonate fuel cells are operated at a temperature around 650.degree. C. Molten carbonate fuel cells do not require the use of a noble metal as catalyst, allow the use of carbon monoxides in place of hydrogen as fuel, have a relatively high voltage generated per unit cell, and allow utilization of high-temperature waste energy. Such a molten carbonate fuel cell generally consists of a plurality of stacked unit cells. Output voltage from each unit cell is at best about 1 V. Thus, in order to obtain a practical cell, a plurality of such unit cells must be electrically connected in a series. Each unit cell of such a molten carbonate fuel cell generally comprises an electrolyte layer in a plate-like form containing: a carbonate, melted at operating temperature; a cathode and an anode, which are formed in tight contact to sandwich the electrolyte layer and which comprise plates of porous material; an element for supplying fuel gas to the interface between the cathode and the electrolyte layer through pores in the cathode; and another element for supplying an oxidant gas to the interface between the anode and the electrolyte layer through pores in the anode. The elements for supplying the fuel and oxidant gases comprise a plurality of gas guide grooves, defined between those surfaces of conductive interconnectors inserted between each adjacent unit cells and which contact the unit cells when such unit cells are stacked. Gas guide grooves for guiding the fuel gas and those for guiding the oxidant gas are formed perpendicularly to each other, so as to allow each connection access to sources of the respective gases. The fuel gas guided by such gas guide grooves is diffused in the cathode in its direction of thickness toward the electrolyte layer. On the other hand, the oxidant gas guided through the corresponding gas guide grooves is diffused through the anode in its direction of thickness toward the electrolyte layer. In a molten carbonate fuel cell of the type described above, the output characteristics are largely dependent on the structure and characteristics of the anode and cathode. 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of time, the anode and cathode must satisfy the following requirements: the anode and cathode are chemically stable against a molten carbonate at a temperature of 600.degree. to 700.degree. C., have a capacity of guiding the fuel gas and oxidant gas to the reaction site through internal pores, are capable of sustaining guide paths of gases over a long period of time, of guiding the molten carbonate to the reaction site, of stably sustaining the guide path of the molten carbonate, have good electron conductivity, can reduce the contact resistance with the electrolyte layer or the interconnector, and have a large specific surface area so as to have a large number of three-phase surfaces (reaction points) where the electrodes, the reactive material, and carbonate ions are all present. In view of these requirements, in a conventional molten carbonate fuel cell, a cathode and an anode comprise porous plates, which are obtained by sintering a nickel-based alloy powder to have a narrow pore size distribution. When a cathode and anode of a material having a large average pore size, for example, 20 .mu.m or more, are used to stably supply the fuel and oxidant gases, the pressure of the supplied gas is applied to the electrolyte layer. This may reduce the number of reaction points. Then, output density cannot be improved. On the other hand, when a cathode and anode of a porous material having a small average pore size, for example, 2 .mu.m or less, are used to provide a large number of reaction points, the molten carbonate is guided toward the gas guide grooves by capillary action through the electrodes. Then, in this case, the electrolyte cannot be stably sustained. Furthermore, in this case, the electrolyte which has permeated into the pores results in an increase in the diffusion resistance of the gas, so that supply of reactive gas is prevented. In order to solve these problems, an electrode has been proposed which comprises a sintered porous plate of a powdery material, wherein the average pore size is small toward the electrolyte layer and is large toward the gas supply side. When a cathode and anode of such a structure are assembled, pores having different sizes in the direction of thickness serve well to improve the output density and to sustain the electrolyte over a long period of time. However, when a powdery material is sintered to form a porous electrode, the electrode has a porous structure wherein the points of powder particles contact each other. For this reason, when the porosity is set to be 50% or more, the electron conductivity is decreased and a voltage drop between the cathode or anode is increased. In addition, a porous electrode of such a structure has low mechanical strength and elasticity. The electrode may be broken due to stress applied by a shrinkage difference between the electrode and electrolyte layer when the cell temperature is decreased. The contact between the electrode and the interconnector may be made non-uniform to increase the contact resistance at this portion. It is an object of the present invention to provide a molten carbonate fuel cell which can be operated at a high output density over a long period of time and which allows reduction in the internal resistance of the cell. In order to achieve the above object of the present invention, there is provided a molten carbonate fuel cell comprising unit cells each having an electrolyte layer in a plate-like form which contains a carbonate melted at an operating temperature, a cathode and an anode which are formed in tight contact to sandwich the electrolyte layer and which comprise plates of porous material, an element for supplying fuel gas to the interface between the cathode and the electrolyte layer through pores in the cathode, and another element for supplying an oxidant gas to the interface between the anode and the electrolyte layer through pores in the anode. In a molten carbonate fuel cell having such a structure, each cathode and anode of the cell in this invention comprises a bilayered structure having a first porous layer formed in contact with the electrolyte layer, and a second porous layer formed at the side of the element for supplying fuel (or oxidant) gas and consisting of a sintered fibrous material. Of the pores formed in the first porous layer, at least the	-0.169837	0.197576	0.75237	1.62234	[ -0.11616311943303387, -0.2235114311808117 ]	[ 0.3954401026205611, -0.0002888138488867053 ]	[ 0.9324435104347686, 0.5722972848302024 ]	[ 1.773219142499527, 1.4714601913821923 ]	1,024	[ 512, 512 ]	[ 310, 931, 29892, 278, 385, 356, 322, 274, 493, 356, 1818, 15523, 278, 1494, 11780, 29901, 278, 385, 356, 322, 274, 493, 356, 526, 8950, 1711, 13714, 2750, 263, 6062, 841, 22004, 403, 472, 263, 10430, 310, 29871, 29953, 29900, 29900, 29889, 12163, 929, 29889, 304, 29871, 29955, 29900, 29900, 29889, 12163, 929, 29889, 315, 1696, 505, 263, 13284, 310, 1410, 4821, 278, 26413, 10489, 322, 19100, 333, 424, 10489, 304, 278, 19848, 3268, 1549, 7463, 1277, 267, 29892, 526, 15390, 310, 15075, 17225, 10754, 10898, 310, 330, 2129, 975, 263, 1472, 3785, 310, 931, 29892, 310, 1410, 4821, 278, 6062, 841, 22004, 403, 304, 278, 19848, 3268, 29892, 310, 380, 2197, 15075, 17225, 278, 10754, 2224, 310, 278, 6062, 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pores near the electrolyte layer are formed to have a size allowing capillary action of the molten carbonate to pass through. In addition to this, the pores of the second porous layer are formed to have a size which does not allow capillary action to pass through. In a molten carbonate fuel cell of the present invention, each cathode and anode of a unit cell has a bilayered structure of first and second porous layers. The first porous layer of each cathode and anode is in contact with the electrolyte layer, and the second porous layer thereof is in contact with the gas supply element, that is, the interconnector. The second porous layer comprises a sintered layer of a fibrous material. Since a porous body, obtained by sintering an electrically conductive fibrous material, has a large contact area between fibers, it has an extremely high electron conductivity as compared to a porous body obtained by sintering a powdery material. Thus, the voltage drop between the cathode or anode can be reduced. A porous body obtained by sintering a fibrous material has high mechanical strength in the lateral direction and good elasticity. When a cathode or anode comprises such a porous body, its mechanical strength can be improved and the contact resistance with the interconnector can be significantly reduced. In this manner, according to the present invention, the voltage drop between the electrodes or between the electrode and the interconnector can be reduced. In addition to this, damage to the electrodes, generally caused by a difference in shrinkage between the electrodes and the electrolyte when the temperature of the cell is lowered, can be prevented. The electrolyte can be sustained over a long period of time, and the output density can be improved. In operation, the molten carbonate permeates into the first porous layer and tends to move toward the second porous layer in both the cathode and anode. However, the second porous layer does not allow capillary action. Furthermore, the pores of the second porous layer are in contact with the supply source of the reactive gas. For this reason, the permeated carbonate only permeates to a position where the permeating power of the carbonate by capillary action balances the gas pressure acting through the pores of the second porous layer. The permeated carbonate is then stabilized. No compression force acts on the molten carbonate in the electrolyte layer, and no force acts to transfer the molten carbonate into the path of the reactive gas through the pores of the cathode and anode. The molten carbonate is therefore stably sustained over a long period of time, and the cell life is prolonged. Since the second porous layer has a large pore size, it contributes to decrease the diffusion resistance of the reactive gas. Meanwhile, since the first porous layer has a small pore size and has the molten carbonate permeated therein, it contributes to increase the number of reaction points, that is, a specific surface area. Thus, the output density is improved. FIG. 1 is an exploded perspective view showing the main part of a molten carbonate fuel cell according to an embodiment of the present invention; FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of the main part of a unit cell used in the cell shown in FIG. 1; FIG. 3 is a graph showing output voltage-output current characteristics of a molten carbonate fuel cell of the present invention compared with those of a conventional cell; and FIG. 4 is a graph showing changes in output voltages against time of the molten carbonate fuel cell of the present invention together with those of the conventional cell. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT FIG. 1 shows a main section 10 of a molten carbonate fuel cell of the present invention. The main section 10 comprises a stacked body consisting of a plurality of unit cells 11 with an interconnector 12 inserted between each pair of unit cells 11. Each unit cell 11 consists of an electrolyte layer 13 of a plate-like shape, a cathode 14 and an anode 15 of plate-like shape formed in contact with the surfaces of the electrolyte later 13, and a plurality of gas guide grooves 16 and 17, formed in the surfaces of the interconnector 12, which contact with the cath	-0.317677	0.316652	0.648385	1.398622	[ -0.3803392678011698, -0.2550139660477832 ]	[ 0.23786478746530587, 0.3954401026205611 ]	[ 0.4251953053579147, 0.8715737258255462 ]	[ 1.4610547103091809, 1.3361889374330425 ]	1,024	[ 512, 512 ]	[ 1277, 267, 2978, 278, 28118, 368, 371, 7546, 526, 8429, 304, 505, 263, 2159, 14372, 2117, 453, 653, 3158, 310, 278, 6062, 841, 22004, 403, 304, 1209, 1549, 29889, 512, 6124, 304, 445, 29892, 278, 1277, 267, 310, 278, 1473, 1277, 681, 7546, 526, 8429, 304, 505, 263, 2159, 607, 947, 451, 2758, 2117, 453, 653, 3158, 304, 1209, 1549, 29889, 13, 797, 263, 6062, 841, 22004, 403, 26413, 3038, 310, 278, 2198, 297, 7316, 29892, 1269, 274, 493, 356, 322, 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ode 14 and the anode 15, respectively. The electrolyte layer 13 comprises a plate having a thickness of, for example, 2 mm and formed by hot pressing at 450.degree. C. a mixture consisting of, for example, 60% by weight of a carbonate and 40% by weight of a ceramic-type binder. The cathode 14 and anode 15 comprise porous bodies having a thickness of, for example, 1 mm. More specifically, each of the cathode 14 and anode 15 comprises a bilayered structure having a first porous layer 18, formed at the side of the electrolyte layer 13, and a second porous layer 19, formed at the opposite side, as shown in FIG. 2. The first porous layer 18 comprises a sintered body of a fibrous or powdery nickel or nickel-chromium alloy. The first porous layer 18 has a pore size to allow capillary action of the molten carbonate, such as a pore size of 0.3 to 20 .mu.m, a porosity of 60 to 80%, and a thickness of 0.3 mm. The second porous layer 19 comprises a sintered body of a fibrous nickel or nickel-chromium alloy. The second porous layer 19 has a pore size not to allow capillary action of the molten carbonate, such as a pore size of 21 to 50 .mu.m, a porosity of 60 to 80%, and a thickness of 0.7 mm. Each interconnector 12 consists of stainless steel which is chemically inert against the carbonate. The gas guide grooves 16 and 17, formed on the two surfaces of each interconnector 12, are perpendicular to each other. The surface portion of the interconnector 12, in which the grooves 16 or 17 are formed, is recessed at a depth corresponding to the thickness of the cathode 14 or anode 15. Therefore, when the cathode 14 or anode 15 is fitted with the corresponding surface of the interconnector 12, the surface of the cathode 14 or anode 15 in contact with the electrolyte layer 13 is coplanar with the peripheral portion of the same surface of the interconnector 12. The main section 10, comprising a stacked body of unit cells 11 and interconnectors 12, is fastened with a fastening mechanism (not shown) in the stacking direction. Manifolds (not shown) for supplying the supply gas are hermetically attached to the four sides of the stacked body. In order to cause the actual electromotive reaction, an electrical load is connected across the stacked body, which is heated to a temperature at which the carbonate in the electrolyte layer 13 is molten. Subsequently, an oxidant gas flows to the gas guide grooves 17 through the corresponding manifolds in the direction indicated by the thick broken arrow P shown in FIG. 1. At the same time, fuel gas is also supplied to the gas guide grooves 16 through the corresponding manifolds in the direction indicated by thick arrow Q. Part of the fuel gas flowing through the gas guide grooves 16 is diffused in the pores of the cathode 14 and reaches the reaction points at which the cathode 14 and the carbonate meet. Likewise, part of the oxidant gas, flowing through the gas guide grooves 17, is diffused in the pores of the anode 15 to reach the reaction points at which the anode 15 and the carbonate meet. The electromotive reaction is thus effected. In the molten carbonate fuel cell of the present invention, each of the cathode 14 and anode 15, as the constituent elements of each unit cell 11, comprises a bilayered structure of first and second porous layers 18 and 19. The pore size of the first porous layer 18, located at the side of the electrolyte later 13, is set to allow capillary action of the mol	-1.073395	-0.473686	-0.317606	1.003214	[ -1.174751016620451, -0.9720390531286344 ]	[ -0.33289807282716694, -0.6144744172381202 ]	[ -0.4339563419910064, -0.20125622791199974 ]	[ 0.8367258459284886, 1.1697012402648579 ]	1,024	[ 512, 512 ]	[ 356, 29871, 29896, 29946, 322, 278, 385, 356, 29871, 29896, 29945, 29892, 8307, 29889, 13, 1576, 28118, 368, 371, 7546, 29871, 29896, 29941, 7199, 4637, 263, 15284, 2534, 263, 12003, 2264, 310, 29892, 363, 1342, 29892, 29871, 29906, 5654, 322, 8429, 491, 7375, 24795, 472, 29871, 29946, 29945, 29900, 29889, 12163, 929, 29889, 315, 29889, 263, 29544, 19849, 310, 29892, 363, 1342, 29892, 29871, 29953, 29900, 29995, 491, 7688, 310, 263, 22004, 403, 322, 29871, 29946, 29900, 29995, 491, 7688, 310, 263, 5147, 314, 293, 29899, 1853, 289, 4995, 29889, 13, 1576, 274, 493, 356, 29871, 29896, 29946, 322, 385, 356, 29871, 29896, 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ten carbonate. On the other hand, the pore size of the second porous layer 19, located at the opposite side, is set to not allow such capillary action. Thus, the carbonate which has permeated through the first porous layer 18 can permeate only to a position at which the permeating force of the capillary action is balanced by the gas pressure acting through the pores of the second porous layer 19, and it is stabilized at such a position. For this reason, no compression or suction force acts on the molten carbonate in the electrolyte layer 13. Loss of the carbonate is smaller than in the case where the carbonate is subject to such a compression or suction force. The carbonate can be sustained for a long period of time, and the cell life can be prolonged. Since the first porous layer 18 has a small pore size and contains the molten carbonate permeated therein, the specific surface area can be increased. On the other hand, the second porous layer 19 has a large pore size and can satisfactorily reduce the diffusion resistance of the reactive gas. As a consequence, the number of reaction points can be increased, and a sufficient amount of the reaction gas can be supplied to these reaction points, so that the output density can be improved. When the permeating power of the molten carbonate is properly set by suitably selecting the pore size of the first porous layer 18, the bubble pressure can be improved by about 50% compared to a conventional case, and this serves to prevent intermixing of the fuel and oxidant gases. This simplifies the supply of the reaction gas and improves safety. The second porous layer 19 located at the side of the interconnector 12 comprises a sintered body of an electrically conductive fibrous material. A porous body obtained by sintering a fibrous material has a higher mechanical strength and elasticity than that of a porous material obtained by a powdery material and has a lower electrical resistance in the direction of thickness than that of the latter. The presence of the second porous layer 19 prevents damage of the cathode 14 and anode 15 due to the heating/cooling cycle and reduces the voltage drop between the electrodes and between the electrode and interconnector. The present invention will now be described by way of examples to demonstrate the effects thereof. Three parts of a fibrous metal consisting of Ni.sub.(80) -Cr.sub.(20), having an average diameter of 25 .mu.m and an aspect ratio of 4 or more, were charged into a former. On part of a fibrous metal consisting of Ni.sub.(80) -Cr.sub.(20), having an average diameter of 4 .mu.m and an aspect ratio of 4 or more, was charged onto the former metal portion. The metals were formed into a plate. The plate was placed in an H.sub.2(20) -N.sub.2(80) gas atmosphere and was sintered at 850.degree. C. for 1 hour. A porous body of Ni.sub.(80) -Cr.sub.(20) was thus obtained. The porous body was microscopically observed in a section along the direction of its thickness. A layer of the fibrous metal having the diameter of 25 .mu.m (second porous layer) had a pore size of 22 to 30 .mu.m, which does not cause capillary action, and a porosity of 75%. A layer of the fibrous material having the diameter of 4 .mu.m (first porous layer) had a pore size of 2 to 5 .mu.m, which easily causes capillary action, and a porosity of 75%. Mechanical tests of the porous body revealed that the porous body had tensile strength, softness, and surface smoothness which were satisfactory for a gas diffusion electrode of a fuel cell. Separately, three parts of a fibrous metal Ni having an average diameter of 30 .mu.m and one part of a fibrous metal Ni having an average diameter of 8 .mu.m were charged into a former in a layered form. The metals were formed into a plate. The plate was sintered in an H.sub.2(20) -N.sub.2(80) gas atmosphere at 82	-0.696734	-0.221431	-0.1518	0.951186	[ -0.5419609684230235, -0.8515076153767435 ]	[ -0.4658522449894135, 0.022989357708139636 ]	[ -0.2545172894450694, -0.04908176638894359 ]	[ 1.003213543096673, 0.8991587323665579 ]	1,024	[ 512, 512 ]	[ 841, 22004, 403, 29889, 1551, 278, 916, 1361, 29892, 278, 282, 487, 2159, 310, 278, 1473, 1277, 681, 7546, 29871, 29896, 29929, 29892, 5982, 472, 278, 11564, 2625, 29892, 338, 731, 304, 451, 2758, 1316, 2117, 453, 653, 3158, 29889, 6549, 29892, 278, 22004, 403, 607, 756, 639, 1004, 630, 1549, 278, 937, 1277, 681, 7546, 29871, 29896, 29947, 508, 639, 1004, 403, 871, 304, 263, 2602, 472, 607, 278, 639, 1004, 1218, 4889, 310, 278, 2117, 453, 653, 3158, 338, 6411, 8362, 491, 278, 10489, 12959, 16684, 1549, 278, 1277, 267, 310, 278, 1473, 1277, 681, 7546, 29871, 29896, 29929, 29892, 322, 372, 338, 16160, 1891, 472, 1316, 263, 2602, 29889, 1152, 445, 2769, 29892, 694, 24221, 470, 480, 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0.degree. C. for 1 hour to provide an Ni porous body. The Ni porous body was microscopically observed in a section along the direction of its thickness. The following results were obtained. A layer of the fibrous metal having the average diameter of 30 .mu.m (second porous layer) had a pore size of 25 to 35 .mu.m and a porosity of 70%. A layer of the fibrous metal having the average diameter of 8 .mu.m (first porous layer) had a pore size of 8 to 12 .mu.m and a porosity of 70%. The ratio of the thickness of the first and second porous layers was about 1.0:3.2. The Ni.sub.(80) -Cr.sub.(20) porous body and the Ni porous body thus prepared separately were placed on two sides of an electrolyte layer such that the Ni.sub.(80) -Cr.sub.(20) porous body was used as a cathode and the Ni porous body was used as an anode, and each first porous layer faced the electrolyte layer. A fuel cell was thus assembled. The electrolyte layer was obtained by hot pressing at 450.degree. C. and by forming a mixture of 60% by weight of a carbonate and 40% by weight of a ceramic as a binder. FIG. 3 shows a current-voltage characteristic curve A of the fuel cell prepared in this manner together with that B of a fuel cell having as gas diffusion electrode porous bodies of a conventional structure. As can be seen from FIG. 3, the cell of the present invention has better characteristics than those of the cell of a conventional structure. This fact indicates that in the cell of the present invention when the pore size in the second porous layer, located at the gas supply side, is large, the supply of the reactive gas can be performed satisfactorily. FIG. 4 shows changes in output voltage of the cell during operation over an extended period of time. Curve A corresponds to a cell of the present invention, and curve B corresponds to a cell of conventional structure. As can be seen from FIG. 4, the fuel cell of the present invention can stably provide the electromotive reaction over a long period of time. This also indicates that the electrolyte is stably held by the cathode and anode, demonstrating that the first porous layers having a small pore size are serving their original purpose. The cell prepared in the manner described above was subjected to a plurality of heat cycles each comprising heating from room temperature to the operating temperature and cooling back to room temperature again. The cell exhibited no abnormality in the cathode and anode. A fibrous metal of an Ni.sub.(80) -Cr.sub.(20) alloy, having a diameter of 2 to 10 .mu.m and an aspect ratio of 4 or more, was charged in a former in a layered form of 0.5 mm thickness. A powdery metal of an Ni.sub.(80) -Cr.sub.(20) alloy, having a size distribution (cumulative volume fraction) of 10 to 90% and a size of 2 to 8 .mu.m, was placed on the former metal in the same weight. The metals were formed by compression into a plate of 0.8 mm thickness. The plate was sintered in a hydrogen-containing atmosphere at 1,050.degree. C. for 1 hour to provide a bilayered porous electrode. When the electrode was observed under an electron microscope, the sintered layer of powdery material had a pore size of 22 to 30 .mu.m and the sintered layer of fibrous material had a pore size of 22 to 30 .mu.m. The former layer had a porosity of 75%, and the latter layer had a porosity of 70%. Two electrodes each consisting of such sintered layers of powdery and fibrous materials were prepared. An aqueous slurry, containing NiCO.sub.3 and methyl cellulose (3% by weight) as a binder, was applied on the sintered layer of powdery material of each electrode. The electrodes were presintered in the air at 500.deg	-0.686462	0.236074	0.128455	1.044835	[ -0.928209439400674, -0.4447140129641115 ]	[ 0.22353975881482813, 0.2486085589531642 ]	[ 0.08026652590565414, 0.17664368487025636 ]	[ 0.9303751755855925, 1.1592957591918462 ]	1,024	[ 512, 512 ]	[ 29900, 29889, 12163, 929, 29889, 315, 29889, 363, 29871, 29896, 7234, 304, 3867, 385, 15981, 1277, 681, 3573, 29889, 450, 15981, 1277, 681, 3573, 471, 9200, 21785, 1711, 8900, 297, 263, 4004, 3412, 278, 5305, 310, 967, 12003, 2264, 29889, 450, 1494, 2582, 892, 7625, 29889, 319, 7546, 310, 278, 285, 4626, 681, 11915, 2534, 278, 6588, 24235, 310, 29871, 29941, 29900, 869, 2589, 29889, 29885, 313, 7496, 1277, 681, 7546, 29897, 750, 263, 282, 487, 2159, 310, 29871, 29906, 29945, 304, 29871, 29941, 29945, 869, 2589, 29889, 29885, 322, 263, 1277, 359, 537, 310, 29871, 29955, 29900, 15543, 319, 7546, 310, 278, 285, 4626, 681, 11915, 2534, 278, 6588, 24235, 310, 29871, 29947, 869, 2589, 29889, 29885, 313, 4102, 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ree. C. to vaporize the binder and to thermally decompose the nickel carbonate into nickel oxide (NiO). Thereafter, the electrodes were sintered in hydrogen at 1,000.degree. C. for 1 hour to reduce the nickel oxide. Fine powdery layers of 0.05 to 0.2 mm thickness precipitated on the surfaces of the sintered layers of powdery material of the respective electrodes. Thus, electrodes were prepared each having a sintered layer of the powdery material and a fine powder layer as the first porous layer, and a sintered layer of fibrous material as the second porous layer. The fine powder layers of the two electrodes thus prepared had a porosity of 60 to 80% and a pore size distribution (cumulative volume fraction: 10 to 90%) of 0.3 to 1.5 .mu.m. A unit cell was assembled using the two electrodes such that the fine powder layers faced the electrolyte layer, following the same procedures as in Example 1. The unit cell was heated from room temperature to 650.degree. C. at a rate of 50.degree. C./h and was kept at 650.degree. C. The electromotive reaction was performed with a fuel gas having a ratio of air to carbonic acid gas of 8:2 and an oxidant gas having a ratio of air to carbonic acid gas of 7:3. The relationship between the terminal voltage and the current density was examined. The results revealed the characteristics indicated by curve C in FIG. 3. It was confirmed that the fine powder layers of the electrodes caused an improvement of 30% in the bubble pressure, serving to prevent intermixing of the fuel and oxidant gases, over that (curve B) of the conventional case. The bubble pressure of the cell in Example 2 also presented a 15% improvement over that of the cell in Example 1. The cell in Example 2 had a cathode and anode with satisfactory mechanical strength and elasticity which were suitable for electrodes of a molten carbonate fuel cell. In the Examples described above, the powdery and fibrous materials were nickel or nickel-chromium alloys. However, they need not be limited to these materials. A combination of a metal layer and an electronconductive ceramic layer formed by nonelectrolytic plating, sputtering or chemical vapor deposition on a surface layer of a metal such as nickel-aluminum, nickel-cobalt, or nickel-chromium-cobalt alloy in which chromium, aluminum or cobalt is diffused in its surface layer; a ceramic which has an electron conductivity and is stable against carbonate in a reducing atmosphere, such as titanium carbide or titanium nitride; or a ceramic stable against carbonate, such as lithium aluminate, strontium titanate, lithium zirconate, or lithium titanate may be used. In Example 2, compression is performed so as to form electrodes. However, fibrous and powdery layers can be formed into soft layers containing a binder, and these layers can then be adhered with rollers and sintered. In Example 2, when fine powder layers were formed, a slurry of NiCO.sub.3 with water as a dispersion medium was applied to the electrodes. Fine Ni particles were precipitated and sintered to form fine powder layers. However, the material for the above is not limited to Ni but may be any material which does not generate a corrosive gas such as Ni(OH).sub.2 or (CH.sub.3 COO).sub.2 Ni. Furthermore, NiCO.sub.3 or (CH.sub.3 COO).sub.2 Ni can be decomposed in an oxygen atmosphere, and then a slurry containing NiO can be applied onto the surface of the sintered layers of powdery material. The material need not be limited to Ni alone but may be a carbonate or hydroxide containing Ni and Cr or Co. When such a material is used, it is thermally decomposed to form fine powder layers of Ni-Cr, Ni-Co or Ni-Cr-Co. 1. 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Posts Tagged 'New York Botanical Garden' You have just one more week to see The Holiday Train Show at the New York Botanical Garden in the Bronx, and this year you can get closer to it than ever because of the show's layout in a new space while the Palm Dome is undergoing restoration. The 28th version of the Holiday Train Show® at The New York Botanical Garden showcases Central Park, the most popular urban park in America, along with some of the city's favorite landmarks. The beloved holiday event continues through January 26 and is a don't-miss for architecture fans, city fans and train fans of all ages. Central Park, designed in 1858 by landscape architects Frederick Law Olmsted and Calvert Vaux, occupies not only the middle of Manhattan but also a special place in the hearts of New Yorkers and in the American imagination. Visited by more people than any other urban park in the United States, it has been featured in hundreds of movies. Perhaps even more important, Olmsted and Vaux's "Greensward Plan" inspired cities across the country to set aside large open spaces as public parks. A striking feature of their design was the wide variety of buildings and architectural elements they included to complement the natural setting. The miniature Central Park wonderland at the Holiday Train Show is made of natural materials including birch bark, lotus ponds, twigs, stems, fruit, seeds, fungus, pine cones, acorns and cinnamon sticks with mind-boggling creations of buildings, bridges, landscapes and train tracks, artistically crafted by founding visionary Paul Busse's team at Applied Imagination. Model trains zip through an enchanting display of more than 175 New York landmarks. New replicas of Central Park's iconic architectural features include Belvedere Castle, the Dairy, the Old Bandstand, the Angel of the Waters sculpture atop the Bethesda Fountain, and two graceful pedestrian bridges. You'll also see famous New York buildings that are either adjacent to the park or just inside it including the Plaza Hotel, the Metropolitan Museum of Art, the Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum and the Rose Center for Earth and Space, part of the American Museum of Natural History. In addition to the Central Park area, emphasis this year is on representing buildings that haven't been highlighted in previous displays or in other ways in the city. Painstakingly recreated from old photos and records, many buildings long gone from the city's landscape are presented. It warrants considerable time to ruminate on New York past and the architectural wonders that have been replaced by today's skyscrapers and you'll have a chance to view them virtually side-by-side with the city's newest icons like The Oculus, looking almost like a mini-bug with its winged architecture. Plan on spending at least two hours to thoroughly enjoy the displays of each borough, the iconic city buildings, and watch the trains meandering throughout the exhibit. Train lovers will enjoy more than 25 G-scale model trains and trolleys that hum along nearly a half-mile of track past re-creations of iconic sites from all five boroughs of New York City, the Hudson River Valley, and other locations in New York State. American steam engines, streetcars from the late 1800s, and modern freight and passenger trains travel underneath overhead trestles, through tunnels, across rustic bridges, and past waterfalls that cascade into flowing creeks. Thomas the Tank Engine™ and other beloved trains disguised as large colorful insects add additional fun to the displays. The New York Botanical Garden is a museum of plants located in the Bronx. The Holiday Train Show is very busy, so buy your timed tickets in advance at www.nybg.org . The New York Botanical Garden, 2900 Southern Boulevard, Bronx, New York. New Year's Day Fun in New York City The evening's festivities are over; here are some activities to consider for the first day of 2018. Are you a daredevil? The weather promises to be freezing on New Year's Day, but that doesn't deter these folks from plunging into the icy cold water at Coney Island in Brooklyn. The Coney Island Polar Bear Club New Year's Day Plunge is free with	1.397499	1.269267	0.582442	-0.763117	[ 1.8714071374727923, 0.9235917406056501 ]	[ 1.48414228005687, 1.0543914205425375 ]	[ 0.7802690489117124, 0.3846154489517664 ]	[ -0.6993832974748395, -0.8268504406192309 ]	1,024	[ 512, 512 ]	[ 4918, 29879, 10522, 3192, 525, 4373, 3088, 26035, 936, 19906, 29915, 13, 3492, 505, 925, 697, 901, 4723, 304, 1074, 450, 4168, 22394, 28186, 7704, 472, 278, 1570, 3088, 26035, 936, 19906, 297, 278, 14165, 29916, 29892, 322, 445, 1629, 366, 508, 679, 17649, 304, 372, 1135, 3926, 1363, 310, 278, 1510, 29915, 29879, 5912, 297, 263, 716, 2913, 1550, 278, 3793, 29885, 360, 608, 338, 1090, 17696, 1791, 12418, 29889, 450, 29871, 29906, 29947, 386, 1873, 310, 278, 4168, 22394, 28186, 7704, 30342, 472, 450, 1570, 3088, 26035, 936, 19906, 1510, 11436, 8068, 4815, 29892, 278, 1556, 5972, 17164, 14089, 297, 6813, 29892, 3412, 411, 777, 310, 278, 4272, 29915, 29879, 25448, 2982, 22848, 29889, 450, 1339, 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and begins at 1pm at the Stillwell Avenue boardwalk entrance. Participants get free admission to the New York Aquarium and a post-dip warm up at Coney Island Brewing Company and Steeplechase Beer Garden. A $25 donation is suggested to benefit local Coney Island organizations including the New York Aquarium and the Alliance for Coney Island. Train lovers still have time to catch the annual Holiday Train Show at the New York Botanical Garden in the Bronx where model trains travel through a miniature landscape of 150+ iconic city structures. This year's version spotlights Midtown Manhattan, with a new Empire State Building, Chrysler Building, General Electric Building and more on view through January 15. Advance reservations are strongly recommended as tickets do sell out. https://www.nybg.org/event/holiday-train-show/. In Queens, the 2018 Bridgestone NHL Winter Classic®—hockey's highest profile regular-season game—will be held at Citi Field on New Year's Day. January 1, 2018 will mark the first time the game is held in New York City. Even if you don't have a ticket, there will still be fun activities outside of the stadium starting at 9am including a DJ, giveaways, refreshments and more. If you plan to ice skate at Rockefeller Center, 5th Avenue between 49t5h and 50th streets, here's what you need to know to book a reservations through VIP igloo if you'd like to avoid the lines and also get complimentary skate rentals (although general admission does not require a reservation.) https://therinkatrockcenter.com/vip-skate-rink-reservations https://therinkatrockcenter.com/reservations. Hours are 8:30am until midnight daily. Warm up after with Maison du Chocolat's fabulously, thick and perfectly sweet chocolat at 30 Rockefeller Plaza and also on the Upper East Side at 1018 Madison Avenue. http://www.lamaisonduchocolat.us/en_us/ Or at Jacques Torres, aka Mr. Chocolate, also at 30 Rockefeller Plaza. http://www.mrchocolate.com/ And no matter where or what the New Year's celebrations have been, the potato powered FryGuys, www.fryguysnyc.com will be ready to soothe your hunger or hangover with their new boat load of OG twice fried frys, topped with scrambled eggs, bacon an cheese, then crowned with a fried egg and fried chicken. Dubbed the Brunch so Hard, this will satisfy your hunger as you enter the New Year. FryGuys, 150 2nd St. For more NYC info, check out https://www.nycgo.com/. Dale Chihuly Exhibit at New York Botanical Garden: Now through October 29 Glass artist Dale Chihuly has taken over the New York Botanical Garden once again. With his new exhibit designed to complement the Botanical Garden's landscape and architecture, Chihuly again shows his masterful use of color and material with glass sculptures intermingled among plants, near trees, and adjacent to buildings. On exhibit outdoors through October 29, the myriad glass sculptures transform into neon spectacles at night. This is Dale Chihuly's first outdoor exhibit in New York in a decade and one which you shouldn't miss. Twenty pieces including a greenish yellow tree, tangles of colored neon, and red logs are scattered among the 250 acres of the gardens, looking perfectly in place against the foliage and flowers. Overhead, hanging chandeliers, a Chihuly signature, fascinate with their twists and curls. Also displayed (indoors) are sketches from earlier in Chihuly's career as well as some of his earlier art glass pieces. For an artist as familiar as Dale Chihuly has become (his pieces are in hotels worldwide, in office buildings, and a permanent part of the NYBG collection), it's a revelation to see these works sited outdoors, glass that's impervious to the elements and makes a statement of color and design along the paths of	0.607197	0.277259	-0.599922	-1.413459	[ 0.4661201473200642, 0.7482732856938088 ]	[ 0.3202337022055529, 0.23428353030268642 ]	[ -0.48373007211417274, -0.7161131560650064 ]	[ -1.4368717685245322, -1.3900471036959803 ]	1,024	[ 512, 512 ]	[ 322, 16410, 472, 29871, 29896, 3358, 472, 278, 12074, 5872, 18874, 7613, 20919, 19546, 29889, 3455, 12654, 1934, 679, 3889, 594, 6737, 304, 278, 1570, 3088, 16020, 22826, 322, 263, 1400, 29899, 29881, 666, 14294, 701, 472, 315, 4992, 7935, 350, 3973, 292, 6938, 322, 2443, 29872, 552, 305, 559, 1522, 261, 19906, 29889, 319, 395, 29906, 29945, 1016, 362, 338, 7829, 304, 14169, 1887, 315, 4992, 7935, 25700, 3704, 278, 1570, 3088, 16020, 22826, 322, 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green that fill the gardens. Before the end of the month, the leaves will begin to turn, undoubtedly creating another feeling and expression of the art. See the pieces now when everything is pure green, but definitely return by month's end both to witness the change in environment and to bid a fond farewell to a beautiful exhibit. Dining Tip: Enjoy a diverse and creative menu of paninis, pizzas, salads and desserts among the trees at the Pine Tree Café at the NYBG. https://www.nybg.org/visit/dining/pine-tree-cafe/ New York Botanical Garden, https://www.nybg.org , 2900 Southern Boulevard, Bronx, NY, 718-817-8700. Tickets start at $23 for adults and vary by day. Closed on Monday except for Columbus Day. Fall and Winter Happenings in the Bronx The Bronx, named after Jonas Bronck who settled there in 1639, is often overlooked as a destination for a day trip. Yet, it's a pretty quick subway ride, with, perhaps an Uber connection if your feet get tired. And you can fill a day or two, easily, exploring the borough. Not Just for Kids: The Bronx Zoo has something for everyone no matter the season. Go "Boo at the Zoo" in the fall, feed the penguins any time of the year, or duck into the World of Reptiles to escape the cold and marvel at the gigantic pythons and the tiny dart frogs. Other faves are Jungle World, an Asian-themed warm-climate space where otters, gibbons and 800 other animals roam; Tiger Mountain and the Congo Gorilla Forest. General admission tickets are $16, with reduced rates for children. The park is open daily from 10am-5pm. 2300 Southern Boulevard, 718-220-5100; http://bronxzoo.com / Stop and Smell the Chrysanthemums: No trip to the Bronx is complete without a visit to The New York Botanical Gardens. Year-round exhibits and programs encompass more than 50 landscapes and gardens within the 250-acre space. With more than a million plants, the diverse collection draws large crowds at this time of year for the Holiday Train Show and the Orchid Show in February. Fall walks in the forests and gardens are particularly invigorating. Tuesday through Sunday, 10am–6pm. Check the website for ticket pricing. Bronx River Parkway at Fordham Road, 718-817-8700; http://nybg.org/ Eat, Eat, Eat: A surprise to both NYC residents and visitors alike, City Island is a 1½- mile strip of land that offers a variety of seafood restaurants in a boat-friendly residential area. If you close your eyes, you just might think you've arrived in a New England fishing village. Well, almost. Try Sammy's Fish Box Lobster House, a fixture since 1966, with a menu as large as the portions. 41 City Island Avenue, City Island 718-885-0920; https://sammysfishbox.com/ Arthur Avenue is the real Italian neighborhood of New York City, a thriving hub of Italian food and culture. Distinctive from Manhattan's Little Italy where Albanians and Chinese have taken over the formerly Italian residences and restaurants, this area is populated by generations of Italians with deep roots to the mother land. Arthur Avenue is considered more "authentic" throughout and the place where Italian restaurateurs and local families shop. Check out the many food stores and the indoor retail market building with vendors selling breads, pasta, gelato, sauces and fresh meats from Italy. Restaurants are family-friendly and serve copious portions Many, like the ever-popular Dominick's, have no menus – just ask for your favorite dish or let the server surprise you with the evening's specialty. 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BUICK REGAL 1988 Rear Barke Caliper Freezes Up, and then the rotor corroded, resulting in stopping problem, replace caliper/rotors/slider in calipers about 3 times. BUICK REGAL 1988 The Car Has Disc Brakes and the calipers and rotors keep failing and the brakes do not stop the car and has caused two accidents. BUICK LESABRE 2000 Front Brake Rotors Badly Warped, replaced, notice vibration in steering wheel, steel worn through, front rotors warped again, replaced. BUICK REGAL 1995 Brake Rotors Prematurley Wear Out , consumer has already replaced 4 sets of rotors, twice in front and twice in rear. BUICK LESABRE 1997 Front Brake Rotors Rusted. the dealer has turned down the rotors; however, the problem has reoccurred. manufacturer ha been notified. BUICK PARK AVENUE 1997 While Driving 50 Mph Down a mountain hill and when appyling the abs brakes, the entire vehicle violently shuddered cause unknown. BUICK REGAL 1989 Rear Brake Rotors Warped, causing brakes to grind; also replaced rear brake pads/rear caliper slide kits and replaced left front power door window. BUICK LESABRE 2000 The Rotors On The Vehicle warped excessively causing vibrations while braking. the dealer could not determine the cause. BUICK REGAL 1992 Having Excessive Braking Problems. having to replace calipers, rotors, and pads over and over again in less than a year's time. BUICK REGAL 1992 Brake Failure, Front Disc brake overhauled, replaced rotors and rear guide pin set, also due to corrision replaced calipers. BUICK CENTURY 1999 While Driving Vehicle And Applying on brakes vehicle would vibrate. dealer has stated that rotors were bad and needed to be replaced. BUICK REGAL 1998 Date Of Purchase Was Sept 2000 used. reported rotor brake warpage and transmission slippage. rotors were turned but problem not completly gone. BUICK PARK AVENUE 1998 Brakes Pulsated When Braking, steering wheel shakes and brake pedal vibrated violently due to front brake rotors were out of spec. BUICK REGAL 1995 Brake Pads And Rotors Repaired two times. BUICK RIVIERA 1995 Brake Calipers Stuck Causing Brakes to overheat and damage rotors and pads. BUICK LESABRE 1995 Brakes Continually Failing Causing Extreme vibration, replacement of faulty pads and rotors did not rectify intermittent failures. BUICK PARK AVENUE 1997 Rotors Warped Resulting In Vibration. BUICK REGAL 1996 Anti Lock Brakes And Rotors failed. BUICK CENTURY 1994 Brake Pads And Rotors Replaced several times. BUICK CENTURY 1995 Front Brake Rotors Failed Twice prematurely. BUICK REGAL 1989 Brake Rotors Failed. BUICK LESABRE 1993 Studs On Front Rotors Are too short. BUICK REGAL 1991 Brake Rotors Failed, Causing pedal to go to the floor. BUICK REGAL 1989 Brake Rotors And Calipers Rusted, resulting in pad falling off. BUICK REGAL 1991 Brake Rotors Failed. BUICK LESABRE 1995 Brake Rotors Failed. BUICK REGAL 1996 Brake Rotors Heavily Rusted, causing vibration. BUICK PARK AVENUE 1991 Brake Rotors Turned. 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K 1993 Continuous Problem With Brake Rotors warping, have been replaced three times, tires also relaced due to cupping(from warped rotors) and pads replaced once. BUICK LESABRE 1996 Brake Rotor Warped. BUICK REGAL 1993 Rear Brake Rotors Failed And replaced. BUICK REGAL 1990 Rear Brake Rotors Failed And replaced. BUICK REGAL 1992 Front Brake Rotors Rusted/pitted. BUICK REGAL 1995 Brake Rotors Resurfaced. BUICK LESABRE 1992 Front Brakes/rotors Replaced. BUICK REGAL 1993 Front/rear Rotors Failed. BUICK REGAL 1991 Brakes Repaired/replaced Twice. BUICK REGAL 1994 Rear Brake Calipers Seized Open/rotors rusted and warped. BUICK REGAL 1989 Brake Rotors, Pads And calipers replaced several times prior to recall brake notice. BUICK PARK AVENUE 1994 Rotors Warped, Causing Vibration when braking. BUICK REGAL 1988 Rotors Resurfaced. BUICK LESABRE 1993 Brakes Vibrate When Stopping, due to warped brake rotors. BUICK REGAL 1991 Front Rotors Replaced. BUICK REGAL 1988 Front Brake Pads/rotors Replaced. BUICK REGAL 1991 Brake Rotors Replaced 3 Times. BUICK SKYLARK 1990 Warped Front Brake Rotors/pads/calipers, causing front end noise. BUICK CENTURY 1993 Brake Rotors Failed. BUICK LESABRE 1983 Tl* The Contact Owns A dura last (na) rotor. the rotor was purchased as an aftermarket part from a local auto supplies store. BUICK TERRAZA 2005 Every Time The Wheels Are removed from my 2005 buick terraza, the rotors go out of round, and need to be replaced. BUICK LACROSSE 2005 Dt*: The Contact Stated While driving 10 mph toward an intersection on normal road conditions, the vehicle started shaking when brakes were applied. BUICK LACROSSE 2005 Dt: The Brakes On the 2005 lacrosse were making erratic noises. the vehicle was repaired every week for last 30 days. BUICK REGAL 1998 Have 1998 Buick Rega Gs. only 55000 miles. have had several rotors and brake pads replaced over life of vehicle. BUICK REGAL 2004 The Inside Of The Rear rotors rusted and as a result the car wouldn't stop. this is the consumers fifth vehicle from gm. BUICK ROADMASTER 1993 Consumer Noticed That While Applying brakes vehicle went into extended stopping distance. technician serviced vehicle, replaced the brake system due to corrosion. BUICK LESABRE 2001 Consumer States That Brake Rotors are wearing. when applying the brakes, the vehicle will have a heavy vibration and extended stopping distance. BUICK REGAL 2001 Rotors Needed To Be Ground @ 21000 miles and then again @43000 miles, front end shakes badly when braking, make control difficult. The material on this site is for informational purposes only, and is not a substitute for professional or legal advice. The information contained on car-and-safety.com site has not been scientifically or otherwise verified as to a cause and effect relationship and cannot be used to estimate the incidence of car problems.Thank you for visiting Car-and-Safety.com and viewing information about BUICK SERVICE BRAKES, HYDRAULIC:FO	-2.281449	-0.326183	-1.530247	-0.902534	[ -2.1937895357955286, -2.36910799070737 ]	[ 0.18056467286339486, -0.8329311041579058 ]	[ -1.5429277303402782, -1.5175653200864354 ]	[ -0.6335361125596883, -1.171532001162738 ]	1,024	[ 512, 512 ]	[ 29968, 29871, 29896, 29929, 29929, 29941, 2866, 8675, 681, 11583, 2973, 5032, 446, 9664, 943, 1370, 15702, 29892, 505, 1063, 8611, 2211, 3064, 29892, 260, 2658, 884, 10208, 1133, 2861, 304, 2723, 3262, 29898, 3166, 1370, 9795, 5731, 943, 29897, 322, 282, 7925, 8611, 2748, 29889, 13, 7838, 2965, 29968, 365, 2890, 2882, 1525, 29871, 29896, 29929, 29929, 29953, 5032, 446, 9664, 272, 3362, 9795, 29889, 13, 7838, 2965, 29968, 5195, 29954, 1964, 29871, 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To download the current ADA Constitution, click here. The Constitution of the American Debate Association ARTICLE 1. NAME AND PURPOSE SECTION 1. The name of this organization shall be the American Debate Association SECTION 2. The purpose of this organization shall be to promulgate standards and procedures for intercollegiate debate tournaments sanctioned by the Association, which participants agree to follow, based on the following assumptions: Debate is a controlled discussion which analyzes the substantive issues raised by a particular public policy proposition. Debate is persuasive, oral communication activity in which debaters assume the obligation to communicate reasons for positions taken in a manner that is coherent, intelligible, and consistent with the limitation on human speech and listening. Debate tournaments will be run efficiently, honestly, and in a manner which promotes the educational values of debating for all participants. Coaches and judges are educators whose job is to effectively prepare students to debate, to objectively and fairly evaluate rounds of competition to which they are assigned, and to behave in an ethical and professional fashion. Debate is an educational activity to be engaged in by undergraduate students who are officially enrolled full-time students in good academic standing at the colleges and universities that they represent in competition. ARTICLE II. THE MEMBERSHIP SECTION 1. Membership shall be open to any institution of higher education which agrees to abide by the ADA Constitution, By-Laws, Standing Rules of Debate Tournament Procedure and other standing rules of the Association and pays the annual membership fee. SECTION II. Associate membership shall be open to any individual unaffiliated with an institution of higher education or to any individual affiliated with an institutional member who agrees to abide by the ADA Constitution, By-Laws, Standing Rules of Debate Tournament Procedure and other standing rules of the Association and pays the annual associate membership fee. Associate members shall have no vote in the meetings or elections of the Association but shall be entitled to the Association newsletter and to invitations to all Association business meetings. SECTION III: New or Emergent Programs membership shall be open to any institution of higher education that have not been active in collegiate policy debate in the previous three years and agrees to abide by the ADA Constitution, By-Laws, Standing Rules of Debate Tournament Procedure and other standing rules of the Association. New or Emergent Programs will have their ADA membership fee waived for their first two years and will be entitled the full benefits of membership during that time. Schools wishing to apply for New or Emergent Programs membership must complete the registration process with the Executive Committee and be certified as a New or Emergent Program. SECTION IV. Each institution shall have one vote in the meetings and elections of the Association. ARTICLE III. OFFICERS SECTION 1. The Association shall biannually elect a President, Vice-President, Secretary and Treasurer at its May meeting. The term of office shall be two years. Officers are eligible for reelection to a maximum of two consecutive terms. A special election shall be held to fill the incompleted term of any officer forced to resign. SECTION 1. The Association shall elect a President, Vice-President, Secretary and Treasurer at its summer meeting. The term of office shall be two years. The President, Vice-President, and Secretary are eligible for reelection to a maximum of two consecutive terms. A special election shall be held to fill the incompleted term of any officer forced to resign. The President shall call and preside at general and Executive Committee meetings of the Association, appoint, the Public Relations Chair, the Novice Curriculum Chair, and such standing and select committees as from time to time may be established, and serve as an ex-officio member of all committees. The President shall coordinate the American Debate Association National Championships, and the ADA Fall Championship in years it is offered. The President shall review sanctioning applications for ADA Tournaments and support such tournaments as needed. The Vice-President, in the absence of the President, shall preside at general and Executive Committee meetings of the Association and serve as a member of the Executive Committee. If the President is presiding, the Vice-President shall serve as the arbiter of parliamentary procedure at said meetings. The Vice-President shall serve as the ADA's point of contact for the National Communication Association meeting. 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ations and Executive Committee waiver decisions. The Vice-President shall assist the President in coordinating ADA Nationals and Fall Championships, and in supporting ADA Tournaments. The Secretary shall record and distribute the proceedings of each meeting of the Association and shall be responsible for maintaining Association records. The Secretary shall tabulate end-of-season team rankings. The Secretary shall supervise selection processes for the awards given at ADA Nationals, including the selection of the coaching, service, and alumni awards; tabulation of the awards given by vote at ADA Nationals; the tabulation of the Front Royal Cup; and shall sit on the Julia Burke Award Committee. The Treasurer shall collect the annual membership fees, maintain an up-to-date membership list, maintain the Association's bank account, pay Association bills, coordinate to ensure taxes are paid, and present annually a report of the Association's finances to the membership. The ADA representative to the topic selection committee will represent the ADA in Topic Committee matters. The topic representative shall serve as a member of the Executive Committee. The two-year term for this office shall begin August 1 following election. The Public Relations Chair shall be appointed by the President to handle media and public relations, in cooperation with the President and other Executive Committee officers. These responsibilities include but are not limited to: maintaining the ADA website, maintaining the ADA's social media presence, sending press releases at regular intervals, sending thank you letters to tournament hosts and others who have done ADA service, and outreach to new or struggling programs. The Novice Curriculum Committee Chair shall be appointed by the President to manage production of the fall semester novice packet, in collaboration with the other members of the Novice Curriculum Committee. SECTION 2. The Executive Committee shall be composed of the President, Vice-President, Secretary, Treasurer, ADA Topic Representative, Public Relations Chair, and Novice Curriculum Committee Chair. Individuals who have retired from the faculty of member institutions may be elected as emeritus members of the executive committee by a two-thirds vote of members present at the May meeting of the Association. SECTION 3. The Executive Committee shall set the agenda for meetings of the Association and act with authority of the full Association on any matters requiring action between meetings of the Association, subject to approval by the membership at the next scheduled meeting of the Association. ARTICLE IV. MEETINGS SECTION 1. The Association shall meet during the summer (May-August) for the purpose of election officers and revising the 'Constitution and the Standing Rules of Debate Tournament Procedure." Additionally, the Association shall meet, at least once, during the Fall academic semester (September-December) and at least once during the Spring academic semester (January-April). SECTION 2. Written notice of the time and place of all meetings of the Association shall be given to all institutional members at least two weeks prior to any meeting. This may include, but is not limited to, announcement in the Newsletter. SECTION 3. The President will issue the call to the annual business meeting at least one month prior to the date of that meeting. All proposed changes to the Standing Rules or the Constitution must be received by the President of the ADA no later than two weeks prior to the date of the annual business meeting. The President will distribute received proposals to the membership as soon as practical. Motions received after the two week deadline may be considered only by a suspension of the rules. SECTION 4. General business shall be by a simple majority vote of members present and voting or represented by proxy. Policies shall be effective after passage by the membership except that a ballot of the entire membership may be directed by a two-thirds vote of the members present and voting or represented by proxy. To be valid, with respect to policies or amendments to the Constitution or the Standing Rules, proxy votes must comply with the following conditions: Member schools not attending a meeting of the Association may complete and sign a proxy statement which must indicate (a) the motion on which the vote is to be cast, and (b) the vote which is to be cast, for or against the motion. No member institution may vote more than five proxy votes in addition to its own vote. Proxies must be submitted to the Secretary at, or prior to, the start of the meeting. Proxies shall apply only to main motions and not to subsidiary motions. 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the Chair may rule the proxy void. SECTION 5. Unless otherwise provided in the Constitution, all proceedings shall be governed by Robert's Rules of Order. ARTICLE V. ADA NATIONAL TOURNAMENT SECTION 1. The ADA will sponsor a national tournament during the second semester. SECTION 2. The executive committee of the ADA will administer the tournament. ARTICLE VI. ORGANIZATION AND DISSOLUTION SECTION 1. This Association is organized exclusively for educational purposes within the meaning of Section 501 (c) (3) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1954. SECTION 2. Notwithstanding any other provisions of these articles, the Association shall not carry on any other activities not permitted to be carried on: By any organization exempt from Federal income tax under Section 501 (c) (3) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1954 (or the corresponding provisions of any future United States Internal Revenue Law), or By any organization contributions to which are deductible under Section 170 (c) (2) of the Internal Revenue Code of 194 (or the corresponding provision of any future United States Internal Revenue Law). SECTION 3. Upon the winding up and dissolution of this corporation, after paying or adequately providing for debts and obligations of the corporation, the remaining assets shall be distributed to a nonprofit fund, foundation, or corporation which is organized and operated exclusively for charitable educational, religious, and/or scientific purposes and which has established its tax exempt status under Section 501 (c) (3) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1954 (or the corresponding provision of any future United States Internal Revenue Law). ARTICLE VII. AMENDMENTS SECTION 1. Amendments to this Constitution shall be made by a two-thirds vote of the members present and voting or represented by proxy at the May meeting of the Association, or at the meeting of the Association at the Annual Convention of the American Forensic Association, subject to approval by a two-thirds majority of a ballot sent to the entire membership. SECTION 2. Amendments and changes to the Standing Rules of Debate Tournament Procedures shall be made by a simple majority of the members present and voting or represented by proxy at the May meeting of the Association, or at the meeting of the Association at the Annual Convention of the American Forensic Association, subject to approval by a simple majority of a ballot sent to the entire membership. Revisions-American Debate Association Constitution ADA Constitution approved May 17, 1988, Frederick, Maryland. Revised by schools in attendance at Frederick, Maryland, May 18, 1989. Edward Grinder, O.S.B. Revised by action of schools attending ADA meeting in Atlanta, Georgia, November 2, 1991. Approved by membership via mail ballot. Arnie Madsen. Revised by action of schools attending ADA meeting in Chicago, Illinois, October 30, 1992. Approved by membership via mail ballot. Arnie Madsen. Revised by action of schools attending ADA meeting in Annapolis, Maryland, May 11, 1993. Approved by membership via mail ballot. Arnie Madsen. Revised by action of schools attending ADA meeting in Fredericksburg, Virginia, May 15, 1998. . Approved by membership via mail ballot. Sue Wenzlaff Revised by action of schools attending ADA meeting in Fredericksburg, Virginia, May 19, 2000. Approved by membership via mail ballot. Brent Brossmann Revised by action of schools attending the NCA meeting in Atlanta, Georgia, October 31, 2001. Approved by membership via mail ballot. Brent Brossmann Revised by action of schools attending ADA meeting in Orlando, Florida. May 14, 2005. Approved by membership via mail ballot. Michael Dutcher Revised by action of schools attending ADA meeting in Washington, DC. May 16, 2014. Approved by membership via mail ballot. Danielle O'Gorman Revised by action of schools attending ADA meeting in Annapolis, MD. 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Global Crisis: A Shift in Global Order with Emergence of Symbiotic Relationship Hananah Zarrar COVID-19 has exposed the inability of present security mechanisms, regionally as well as internationally, to deal with a crisis of such unimaginable extent and nature. Where states kept on strengthening their defense and security mechanisms with technological advancements, post-1945 Human Security perspective kept on fading and is somewhere left unattended in recent decades. The prevailing panic situation across the globe and crashing credibility of governments' securing their societies, is factually due to the outbreak of spontaneous challenge which was not earlier thought to be happening with such a devastating impact. Thus, the current pandemic forces the governing bodies from all around the globe to reconsider their preferences of security paradigms. In the wake of COVID-19 and consequent reversing of globalization, the new isolationism is temporarily under process. As the concept suggests, isolationism is the state's reluctance to international engagement and commitments while having an inward-looking policy. It is, in other words, the reduced diplomatic activity. This emerging isolationist approach is less like American isolationism as its core cause resides in human social limitations rather than that of a state. With a core objective of securing humanity from this existential threat, states are encouraged to deal it individually yet collectively struggle for a common cause worldwide. After 1945 atomic bombing of Japan and ensuring human catastrophe, the current pandemic is the second major event that emphasizes the pre-dominant significance of human security perspective in broader security mechanisms of the globe. Highlighting the current scenario, none around the world had anticipated the Wuhan crisis to be transforming into global crisis and kept watching the spectacle till it became their own nightmare in matter of days. Neither realized the actual lack of proactive and crisis managing leaderships in countries like Italy and Spain. Now, the United States faces the same challenge. It is evident that none of the country was ready for such calamity.This spontaneous global pandemic has exposed the true crisis management and organizational capacity of almost all the sovereign states around the world irrespective of technological or economic superiorities. It highlights the significance of degree of intra-coherent nature of national governments and social structures of their societies. While, international community and organizations can only assist and emphasize unity, it's the national governments which can play significant role in generating a complex symbiotic relationship from all across the globe.In recent remarks, Secretary-General António Guterres urged worldwide solidarity in facing the crisis and observed that coordination of global responses would help to conquer the virus. Once the emergency situation lowers, the Council may wish to thematically consider a briefing on the various security and humanitarian preferences post COVID-19. Thus, international community can only act as secondary or assisting body while the governments are the primary doers. The temporary isolationist approach discussed above is likely to vanish soon after the normalization process begins whether it's with natural or artificial remedial options. The following time period would be decisive in terms of global shift in security preferences and could give birth to new era of mutual benefit among nations. States could and would be wise enough to learn from nature and opt a symbiotic relationship among each other globally. Type of symbiotic relationship here is Mutualism which promotes a beneficial relationship between two parties. Multiple mutualism exists between more than two parties/organizations/states. This outbreak has reminded states of being globalized entities with inter-connected survivability. Post-COVID-19 world demands a less offensive and more cooperative world with a major shift from state to human security perspective. While keeping the human security perspective in view, a soon to emerge new world order after the pandemic is over, would be focused on health assisting mechanisms for the countries worse affected. Countries with effective management and capable of making proactive decisions in this crisis would rather be taken as examples to learn from. There would be a major transition in states' repute and position in global world order based on these capabilities. Major and sophisticated powers might not be considered as major anymore in true sense owing to how inadequately they performed during this calamity. This whole transition alludes to a world rapidly moving towards a multipolarity with equal status. Related Topics:Coronavirus CO	0.940028	0.355151	0.782805	1.112471	[ 1.2194416332693823, 0.6606140582378881 ]	[ 0.5816654750767718, 0.12863644400541305 ]	[ 0.9527334386378428, 0.6128771412363506 ]	[ 1.2425396077759385, 0.9824025809506501 ]	1,024	[ 512, 512 ]	[ 12002, 29524, 275, 29901, 319, 1383, 2027, 297, 12002, 8170, 411, 27718, 10238, 310, 10667, 5365, 13574, 6376, 800, 4034, 13, 29950, 273, 273, 801, 796, 2749, 279, 13, 3217, 13044, 29899, 29896, 29929, 756, 19884, 278, 297, 3097, 310, 2198, 6993, 7208, 12903, 29892, 5120, 635, 408, 1532, 408, 2836, 362, 635, 29892, 304, 5376, 411, 263, 24161, 310, 1316, 443, 326, 26584, 519, 15834, 322, 5469, 29889, 6804, 5922, 8126, 373, 9324, 8333, 1009, 26406, 322, 6993, 7208, 12903, 411, 5722, 5996, 3061, 4564, 4110, 29892, 1400, 29899, 29896, 29929, 29946, 29945, 12968, 14223, 18520, 8126, 373, 285, 9382, 322, 338, 9051, 2175, 443, 1131, 2760, 297, 7786, 1602, 3076, 29889, 450, 12379, 737, 292, 7243, 293, 6434, 4822, 278, 15482, 915, 322, 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VID-19: Your Legal Rights in a quarantine Obligation of China under International Law with respect to Covid 19 Hananah Zarrar is a Researcher at Centre for Aerospace and Security Studies (CASS), Islamabad. She holds an MPhil degree with major area of interest in Strategic and Nuclear Affairs. UN-backed COVAX mechanism delivers its 1 billionth COVID-19 vaccine dose Omicron and Vaccine Nationalism: How Rich Countries Have Contributed to Pandemic's Longevity COVID-19 pandemic stalls global economic recovery WHO recommends two new drugs to treat patients with COVID-19 Sumaya Barsha In a global pandemic, "Nobody is safe until everyone is safe", – it is more of true with respect to the current globalized world system. It is said that crisis strikes the conscience and forces the 'commonality of purpose' on one another- and a major one in magnanimous scale. But the current Covid-19 crisis seems to have emerged in oddity with this very axiom, of course, due to self-serving, in WHO's words- 'self-defeating' and 'immoral', approaches to dealing the pandemic by wealthy countries. A new and potentially more transmissible variant of Covid-19 virus, named Omicron by WHO, has been detected in South Africa. With scientists yet to be confirmed about new variant's epicenter and its likely implication on human immune system, the emergence of Omicron has brought the long-warned case of 'vaccine nationalism'– a phenomenon in which each nation prioritizes securing ample doses without considering impact on poor ones- to light. Unheeded to the repeated warnings by scientists and pandemic specialists, many of the world's richest countries had embarked on a vaccine-acquisition frenzy and hoarded jabs more than their requirements. Some countries have even gone to the extent that they had acquired up to four times what their population needed. Thereby, it has left majority of poor and developing countries, particularly those in global south, unvaccinated, with further risk of the virus being muted into more virulent variants, as in the case of Omicron. A simple numerical data over vaccination rate across the world exposes the grotesques picture of pandemic recovery divide among the countries and immoral hoarding and hedging efforts on vaccine supplies by wealthy countries. As of now, whereas only 3% of people in low income countries have fully been vaccinated, the figure exceeds 60% in both high-income and upper-middle –income countries. In Africa, the most under-vaccinated and the epicenter of ominous Omicron, only some 7% of its 1.3 billion people are fully immunized. Given the 9.1bn vaccines already manufactured and 12bn expected by the end of this year, the question is- why does vaccination effort remain so discriminatory and dividing across the regions? The answer, in most part, lies in the 'pervasive economic inequity' inherent in initial vaccine-acquisition process. With their enormous capacity to pay out, rich countries, even before pandemic took devastating hold, had pursued a 'portfolio-approach' in investing on vaccine development research by pharmaceutical companies- simultaneous investment on multiple ones. In exchange, those countries stroke bilateral deal with each drag company to secure enough prospective vaccine doses to inoculate their respective population several times over. This absolutist vaccine-acquisition drive of wealthy nations had substantially thwarted the holistic approach taken up by World Health Organization(WHO) under the platform of COVAX, a vaccine sharing program. With the aim of reducing the delay in vaccine allocation to poor and developing countries, and thus ensuring vaccine equity, the multilateral platform didn't get enough incentives from wealthy ones, since started its journey in April 2020. Both investment and acquisition by well-off countries, having bypassed the COVAX, kept them into the front of manufacturing line, thereby, contributed to the distributional injustice. 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of vaccines. Thereby, an amazing scientific breakthrough, development of vaccine in record time, has been offset by awful political policy. In mid-2021, when one portion of world were almost on the track of carefree normalcy, people in bigger portion were struggling to breath. Today, problem is not in production of vaccines, as 2 billion doses of vaccines are being manufactured in every month, rather in the 'unfairness of distribution'. Early monopolistic exercise by G20 on acquisition and subsequent stockpile of vaccines has resulted in such galling situation that they have commandeered over 89% of vaccines already produced and over 71% of future deliveries. Consequently, the global inoculation drive, since started, is so unjust that for every vaccine delivered to the poorest countries, six times as many doses are being administered as third and booster vaccines in the richest countries. Adding further to the crisis being escalated, while more than 100 countries, for past one year, have desperately demanded emergency waiver on TRIPs related regulatory restriction on Technologies crucial to pandemic recovery, it has repeatedly been blocked by UK and EU. Picture is not all-about gloomy with respect to vaccine collaboration but it is quite tiny to the scale of requirements. Rich countries could not deliver on the commitments they did to help poor countries immunize their population. For instance, WHO's target of having 40% of global population vaccinated by end of this year, through COVAX, seems certainly to fall short largely due to the rich countries failing to deliver on their promise to use their surplus vaccines to immunize the under-vaccinated countries. Far from near, the G7 countries had drastically failed to deliver on their promises made on G7 summit in June. As of last week, USA has delivered only 25%, with further embarrassing arithmetic of EU only 19%, UK 11% and Canada just 5%. Given the frightening predictions from WHO that another 5 million could be added to the already 5 million death tolls across the world, in the next year or more, it is high time starting a collective endeavor with herculean efforts to inoculate large swaths of unvaccinated people in un-protected areas. Keeping large portion out of vaccination will only make the pandemic endure with no time to end, as virus continues to persist through mutating in un-protected area into a more menacing variant. If so, then again someone else may say, after next the worst wave- "We were forewarned- and yet here we are". The Nuclear Weapons Ban Treaty (TPNW): Wishful daydream or historic milestone? Hellmut Lagos Koller The Treaty on the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons (TPNW), adopted in 2017, has entered into force on the 22nd of January of this year and the number of ratifying states continues to grow, with Mongolia being the latest to announce its accession. This positive trend is certainly welcomed with enthusiasm by the Civil Society campaigners and growing number of supporters of this treaty that represents a huge step forward for the global movement to draw attention to the catastrophic humanitarian consequences of any use of nuclear weapons. It would certainly be dishonest to ignore the fact that this new international legal instrument remains controversial, to say the least, for most of the members of the so-called nuclear deterrence community. As preparations are ongoing for the first Meeting of States Parties, scheduled to take place in Vienna on 22-24 March 2022, it is useful to address some of the main doubts and arguments against the treaty. In this regard, the main criticism is that it makes no sense to support a treaty on nuclear weapons if those states that possess them have not joined nor any intention to join it. In order to address this claim, it may be useful to recall that in the case of the Mine Ban and the Cluster Munition treaties, its main promoters and supporters were also states that did not possess those weapons, and that those international instruments also received some harsh criticism for this reason. Despite of this, there is no doubt now that both of those treaties have become remarkable success stories, not only by achieving the goal of approaching universalization, but also by consolidating a general moral condemnation of those	0.304498	0.655081	0.242586	0.750881	[ 0.24971142953826003, 0.35928546385816085 ]	[ 1.197641707047315, 0.11252078677362556 ]	[ 0.2730208438348586, 0.21215105922563612 ]	[ 0.8263203648554771, 0.6754408892968098 ]	1,024	[ 512, 512 ]	[ 310, 325, 5753, 1475, 29889, 1670, 1609, 29892, 385, 21863, 292, 16021, 2867, 20678, 29892, 5849, 310, 325, 5753, 457, 297, 2407, 931, 29892, 756, 1063, 9210, 491, 28893, 8604, 8898, 29889, 512, 7145, 29899, 29906, 29900, 29906, 29896, 29892, 746, 697, 11910, 310, 3186, 892, 4359, 373, 278, 5702, 310, 2562, 9021, 4226, 1270, 29892, 2305, 297, 16600, 11910, 892, 20042, 304, 16172, 29889, 20628, 29892, 1108, 338, 451, 297, 5802, 310, 325, 5753, 1475, 29892, 408, 29871, 29906, 24464, 3248, 267, 310, 325, 5753, 1475, 526, 1641, 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categories of weapons. Therefore, the argument that a treaty necessarily needs to be joined by the possessors of the weapons can easily be rebutted. Despite of the current position of the nuclear weapons states, each new ratification of the treaty is not meaningless: on the contrary, it provides the treaty more authority and contributes to the growing pressure on nuclear weapons states to adopt further steps towards nuclear disarmament. The other major contribution of the TPNW is that it facilitates the process of delegitimisation of nuclear weapons, necessary to finally amend the well-established foundations of nuclear deterrence doctrines. The humanitarian principles that are underlying the treaty are totally incompatible with those doctrines, and therefore are having an impact on them by highlighting the inherent immorality and illegitimacy of nuclear weapons. Another argument for the case of ratification is that it provides states the opportunity to support the process of democratization of the global debate on nuclear weapons, as this new treaty has been the result of a very open discussion with active engagement of delegations from all geographic regions and, in particular, of representatives of Civil Society. This is not a minor aspect of this process, but a key element. Indeed, unlike in negotiations of previous international legal instruments, in this era of growing complexity and interlinkages, the main challenges faced by humankind are being addressed by a diverse group of citizens, from all walks of life and regions. Traditional diplomacy is certainly not enough, and in the case of the TPNW, the positive results would clearly not have been possible without the decisive boost provided by the International Campaign to Abolish Nuclear Weapons (ICAN), which was able to mobilize Civil Society and likeminded governments towards the goal of negotiating a nuclear weapons ban treaty. While it would be naïve to expect the establishment of the nuclear weapons states to be convinced by the humanitarian narrative and in a foreseeable future to amend its defence and security policies base on nuclear deterrence, the TPNW and its focus on the security of the human being instead of the traditional notion of the security of the state, are already having an impact on the academic and public debates in those states. The second argument used by its critics is that the TPNW weakens the Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT). Actually, this is not only incorrect, the opposite is true. In fact, the TPNW can serve as an initiative to help implement article VI of the NPT, by which parties are committed to undertake to "pursue negotiations in good faith on effective measures relating to cessation of the nuclear arms race at an early date and to nuclear disarmament". This is of vital importance as the treaty clearly attaches a key role to all parties, and not only to those states that possess nuclear weapons. This commitment has also been reflected in the Final Document of the 2010 NPT Review Conference, and the TPNW can be understood as a reflection of that obligation to contribute to nuclear disarmament by non-nuclear weapons states. Another common point is that the nuclear weapons industry is too strong and well consolidated and that it would be naïve to pretend that this treaty could actually have an impact on investment decisions. This pessimism has also been proven wrong. In fact, in 2021, more than one hundred financial institutions are reported to have decided to stop investing in companies related to nuclear weapons production. As a result, the nuclear weapons industry is experiencing a considerable reduction and the trend towards the exclusion of this sector from investment targets is growing steadily. This is not only the consequence from the legal obligations that emanate from the TPNW but a reflection of the devaluation of the public image associated to these industries. As this public image continues to deteriorate, it is likely that this trend will continue and that the moral condemnation of these weapons of mass destruction will be absorbed into the mainstream of society. Another common misinterpretation is that the TPNW should be understood as an instrument that is only designed to be joined exclusively by non-nuclear weapons states. In fact, even though the treaty was developed by non-nuclear weapons states, it has been drafted and negotiated with the goal of universal adherence, including, someday, those states that still include nuclear deterrence in their national security doctrines. In particular, the TPNW establishes a clear set of steps for nuclear weapons states in order to eliminate their arsenals of nuclear weapons. 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60 days after the entry into force of the treaty for a state party that possesses nuclear weapons, that state must submit a plan for the complete elimination of its nuclear weapons to a competent international authority that has been specially designated by states parties. The treaty also includes a process to designate a competent international authority to verify the elimination of nuclear weapons by a state before acceding to the treaty, and a process for states parties that maintain nuclear weapons in their territories for the removal of these weapons and report this action to the United Nations Secretary General. It is also noteworthy that this treaty obliges states parties to provide adequate assistance to victims affected by the use or by testing of nuclear weapons, and to take the necessary measures for environmental rehabilitation in areas contaminated under its control. This dimension of the treaty constitutes an important contribution both to the protection of human rights of victims and to the now inescapable obligation to protect the environment, which are aspects that are not covered by the Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban Treaty (CTBT). This certainly does not affect the value and vital role of this key instrument of the nuclear disarmament and non-proliferation regime but complements it by addressing the fundamental issue of environmental reparation. The main challenge now is now not only to achieve a wider universality of the TPNW, but to engage more stakeholders and create awareness on the urgency of bringing pressure on the nuclear weapons states to finally move toward nuclear disarmament. In this regard, Civil Society initiatives have been promoting engagement of members of grassroots, parliament, the media and city governments, particularly in nuclear weapons states, which has had impressive results, with hundreds of local governments expressing support for the treaty and generating discussion among the population. These initiatives serve the purpose of putting pressure on politicians and especially, to facilitate a discussion within democratic societies about the sustainability and risks involved in the possession and harboring of nuclear weapons. Indeed, the TPNW has a long way to go and overcome many obstacles to achieve its objective, but in its first year of entry into force, it has already had an undeniable impact on the nuclear disarmament and non-proliferation debate, despite the expected skeptics and efforts to ignore its existence stemming from the still powerful nuclear deterrence establishment. Most of its technical experts, academics and government officials honestly believe that nuclear weapons have helped to guarantee peace and stability to the world and therefore should continue as the foundation of international security doctrines. These well-established ideas have been based on the questionable assumption that the deployment of these weapons have avoided war and can guarantee permanent peace for all nations. This has served as a sort of dogmatic idea for many decades, but recent research results have shown that the risks involved are significantly higher and that the humanitarian consequences would be catastrophic for every citizen of the planet. The humanitarian impact paradigm, which underlies the process that has inspired the TPNW, has provoked a tectonic shift in the nuclear disarmament and non-proliferation debate, which had been limited to the NPT review conferences with its often-frustrating results. Certainly, the persistence of the different approaches needs to be addressed in a more constructive discussion among the supporters of this treaty and the deterrence community. Finally, the fact that the first meeting of states parties of the TPNW will take place in Vienna is very meaningful as Austria has been one of the leading nations in this process, particularly in drafting the Humanitarian Pledge to fill the legal gap for the prohibition of nuclear weapons, which has been a decisive step towards the treaty that has already fulfilled that commitment. Despite of all the difficulties and the persistence of significant resistance, the active and committed participation of diplomats and Civil Society representatives, under the leadership of Austria, allow to envisage that this first meeting will help to strengthen the treaty and move forward in the long and burdensome road to the final objective of achieving a world free of nuclear weapons. Regional Mechanisms of Human Rights: The Way Forward: Case of South Asia Abhinav Mehrotra Long debates have evolved since the 1948 UDHR as to whether human rights should always be perceived as universal, or whether they need to be regarded as contextual on regional and local cultures. 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Chapman 'angry and disappointed' in salary adjustment approved by BOC Flat raise of $3,000 per year given to all deputies and jailers 04/04/2017 Sharon Swanepoel Government, Government, Police and Fire, Police and Fire, Top News 0 The Walton County Board of Commissioners voted unanimously Tuesday to give all jailers and sheriff's deputies at Walton County Sheriff's Office an annual pay raise of a flat $3,000. This will go into effect May 1. But not everybody is happy with the outcome following Sheriff Joe Chapman's battle to get a pay 10 percent pay raise for his deputies, not the least of which is the Sheriff himself. He said he was both angry and disappointed. "I'm disappointed, very disappointed, mostly with Commissioner (Timmy) Shellnut. He lied to my face tonight," Chapman said. "He told me he was going to vote for that 10 percent and he lied." The motion to adjust the pay for all jailers and sheriff's deputies by 10 percent failed when Shellnut, along with Commissioners Kirklyn Dixon and Tommy Stringer, voted against the proposal for the 10 percent that Commissioner Mark Banks proposed. Banks' proposal for 10 percent was supported by Commissioners Lee Bradford and Dr. Jeremy Adams, making for a 3 way tie. Commission Chairman Kevin Little, whose vote would have broken a tie one way or another, recused himself so the motion died. Dixon then proposed the $3,000 flat pay adjustment, which passed unanimously. It effectively raises the base pay for a new recruit from $29,000 to $32,000 a year, a little more than the 10 percent and possibly helping fill some of the 35 vacancies Chapman has said he needs to fill. But it creates another problem, Chapman said. "What it does is five or six years from now those new deputies are going to be earning more than their supervisors," he said. "I've had this problem before and almost lost two of my top deputies because of it. I had sergeants making more than lieutenants." Chapman said when salary adjustments across the board are then given, those who earned more than 10 percent this time around eventually overtake those who didn't. The $3,000 flat rate ranges from 10.2 percent for some in the lower ranks to 3.7 percent for the higher ranking deputies. There was some confusion when Dixon made the proposal with some questioning whether it is a one time $3,000 pay raise and whether those who received it will still receive a pay raise in the new fiscal year when all salaries in the county government are likely to be considered for potential pay raises. Little confirmed that it is a flat $3,000 per year pay adjustment going forward for the deputies, but couldn't comment on any other possible salary adjustments. "There is no answer yet for the July budget," Little said. Chapman said while he is angry about the outcome, he is happy that they at least got something. "I'm proud they got something – something is better than nothing," he said. "Do I think it is enough? No. But at least it is something. The issue for me is I've got 35 openings that I need to fill. No other agency has that number of openings." Crowd turned up on April 4 as the Walton County Board of commissioners considers a 10 percent pay raise for certified officers with Walton County Sheriff's Office. Photo credit: Melanie Ann Jackson Initial story Update: The Walton County Board of Commissioners voted unanimously Tuesday to raise the pay of all jailers and sheriff's duties employed with the Walton County Sheriff's Office by #3,000 annually, effective May 1. A large crowd is on hand at the Historic Courthouse in downtown Monroe as the Walton County Board of Commissioners prepares to vote on a potential 10 percent salary adjustment for all certified officers at the Walton County Sheriff's Office. 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This article about intimacy is based on the information of Mona Fishbane, PhD. More detail on what she teaches is available in her book, Loving with the Brain in Mind: Neurobiology and Couple Therapy. During early love, our brains are all high as kites on a chemical called dopamine. It's what helps with bonding, and gives us the 'I want you, I need you' feeling. It won't surprise you to learn that the critical, judgmental parts of brain are turned off when we're madly in love! The dopamine-fueled state can last between 18 months to 3 years. Afterwards, love evolves into a saner state described as 'companionate love'. This is when couples see each other 'warts and all'. It is also the time that intimacy can start to be damaged. And the damage can be made worse by stressful events, such as having children. When early love fades, people missing the dopamine high may seek it elsewhere. This post outlines an alternative to that unhappy outcome. It uses insights from neuroscience (naturally). So what is intimacy in long term relationships? One definition is that intimacy over time involves an awareness of the fragility of love, and the need to nurture it intentionally. It also involves tolerating differences; it involves respecting the otherness of the other. If that sounds about right to you (it does to me), then sustaining intimacy involves monitoring what facilitates intimacy and what blocks it. Eye contact. Our phones and other devices take us away from making more eye contact with eachother, which is problematic from an intimacy perspective. Seeing eachother 'with fresh eyes'. Seeing our partners as they are, not through the lens of transference, expectations, disappointments, and reactivity. The reason that intimacy is so challenging to build and keep is because of a conflict that exists within all of us: the need for self preservation and the need for closeness. The brain's fight or flight response, triggered in the amygdala part of the brain (the emotional brain, responsible for fast and habitual reactions) undermines intimacy. This amygdala is triggered by old emotional memories. We can become stuck in our intimate relationships in exactly the way we got stuck as kids. And long term relationships become unhappy dances of eachother's old wounds. However, rifts can be used to deepen intimacy. Happy couples turn towards eachother following a fight, repair readily and well. This is another key way intimacy is built; through repairing moments of hurt or disconnection. Experts say that love isn't a steady state of connection. There is connection, disconnection and repair. Seen in this way, the times of disconnection are not something to be feared. Experts say that sustaining intimacy is learning to regulate the amygdala with our 'higher brain', the prefrontal cortex (so called because it is the seat of our reasoning and analytical capabilities). Doing this is 'loving with the brain in mind'. In couples therapy, therapists teach couples how to change that position. It happens when we learn to pause when our partners trigger an emotional response. This is what expert Dan Siegal calls 'the pause that refreshes'. We learn to challenge our self justifications and habitual patterns, and we chose behaviour more thoughtfully. You also have to adopt an active rather than passive view of loving. 'Falling out of love' is very passive language. An active approach involves approaching our relationships with self responsibility and co-responsibility, as well as nurturing the 'we'. The Buddhist monk Thich Nhat Hanh said that we all have seeds of anger and resentment, as well as love and compassion. Nurturing the we means choosing to water the seeds of love and compassion for our partners. In couples therapy, the first thing that therapists do is identify the couple's 'stance'. For example, it could be 'criticize and withdraw'. Then, they are led to look behind the scenes with curiosity, and identify the factors fueling the amygdala's dance. And then give them tools to manage reactivity and make better choices. This is the process of transition to prefrontal thoughtfulness from emotional reactivity. Self-soothing. People parenting themselves basically. 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Vs > San R. Yuma Puerto Princesa, Palawan vs San R. Yuma Climate & Distance Between Puerto Princesa, Palawan vs Aranyaprathet, Thailand Puerto Princesa, Palawan vs Wad Medani, Sudan Puerto Princesa, Palawan vs Cimone Mountain, Italy Puerto Princesa, Palawan vs Bangalore, India San R. Yuma vs Senhor Do Bonfim, Brazil San R. Yuma vs Boonton, Nj, Usa San R. Yuma vs Two Harbors, Mn, Usa San R. Yuma vs Alpena, Michigan, Usa Angelica, Ny vs Santis Felixstowe, England vs La Ceiba Houston, Texas vs Doneck Cornwall, Vt vs Dresden The distance between Puerto Princesa, Palawan, Philippines and San R. Yuma, Dominican Republic is approximately 16,778 km or 10,426 mi. To reach Puerto Princesa, Palawan in this distance one would set out from San R. Yuma bearing 344.9° or NNW and follow the great circles arc to approach Puerto Princesa, Palawan bearing 194.6° or SSW . Puerto Princesa, Palawan has a tropical wet and dry/ savanna climate with dry winters (Aw) whereas San R. Yuma has a tropical monsoonal climate (Am). Puerto Princesa, Palawan is in or near the tropical moist forest biome whereas San R. Yuma is in or near the subtropical moist forest biome. The mean annual temperature is 0.9 °C (1.5°F) warmer. Average monthly temperatures vary by 2.2 °C (4°F) less in Puerto Princesa, Palawan. The continentality subtype is extremely hyperoceanic as opposed to truly hyperoceanic. The altitude of the sun at midday is overall 3.6° higher in Puerto Princesa, Palawan than in San R. Yuma. The table shows values for Puerto Princesa, Palawan relative to San R. Yuma. You can also view this comparison the other way around from the perspective of San R. Yuma vs Puerto Princesa, Palawan. Average Max Temperature °C ( °F) +2 (+3) +2 (+4) +1 (+1) +1 (+2) +0 (+1) -1 (-2) -2 (-3) -2 (-3) -2 (-3) -2 (-3) +0 (0) +1 (+2) +0 (0) Average Temperature °C ( °F) +3 (+5) +3 (+5) +2 (+4) +3 (+5) +2 (+3) -1 (-1) -1 (-3) -1 (-3) -1 (-2) 0 (-1) +1 (+2) +2 (+4) +1 (+2) Average Min Temperature °C ( °F) +2 (+3) +2 (+3) +1 (+2) +2 (+3) +1 (+2) +1 (+1) +0 (+0) -1 (-2) -1 (-1) 0 (0) +1 (+2) +2 (+4) +1 (+1) Average Precipitation mm (in) -39 (-2) -32 (-1) -11 (0) -30 (-1) -42 (-2) +73 (+3) +86 (+3) +79 (+3) +71 (+3) +5 (+0) +59 (+2) +22 (+1) +241 (+9) Sun altitude at solar noon on the 21st day (°) +8.5 +8.4 +8.4 +4.3 -8.4 -8.7 -8.3 +4 +8.8 +8.8 +8.8 +8.7 +3.6 http://www.puerto-princesa.climatemps.com/vs/san-r-yuma.php Puerto Princesa, Palawan vs Jendouba, Tunisia Puerto Princesa, Palawan vs Cape Hatteras, North Carolina, Usa Puerto Princesa	-1.591132	-0.413476	-1.197999	-1.301601	[ -1.6020897504680642, -1.580174943604084 ]	[ -0.062065499904071994, -0.7648872180681365 ]	[ -1.0762593816695727, 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Research ArticleCell biologyStem cells Free access \| 10.1172/JCI125015 CDKN2B upregulation prevents teratoma formation in multipotent fibromodulin-reprogrammed cells Zhong Zheng,1 Chenshuang Li,1 Pin Ha,1 Grace X. Chang,2 Pu Yang,3 Xinli Zhang,1 Jong Kil Kim,1 Wenlu Jiang,1,3 Xiaoxiao Pang,1,4 Emily A. Berthiaume,2 Zane Mills,5 Christos S. Haveles,2 Eric Chen,1 Kang Ting,1,6 and Chia Soo6 1Division of Growth and Development, School of Dentistry, and 2David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA. 3State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Orthodontics, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China. 4Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Stomatology Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China. 5Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, and 6Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery and Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and the Orthopaedic Hospital Research Center, UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA. Address correspondence to: Zhong Zheng, Division of Growth and Development, School of Dentistry, UCLA, 675 Charles E. Young Drive South, MRL 2641, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA. Phone: 310.206.5646; Email: [email protected]. Or to: Kang Ting, Division of Growth and Development, School of Dentistry, UCLA, 10833 Le Conte Avenue, Box 951668, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA. Phone: 310.825.4384; Email: [email protected]. Or to: Chia Soo, Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery and Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and the Orthopaedic Hospital Research Center, UCLA, 675 Charles E. Young Drive South, MRL 2641A, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA. Phone: 310.206.7783; Email: [email protected]. Authorship note: ZZ and CL are co–senior authors and contributed equally to this work. Find articles by Zheng, Z. in: JCI \| PubMed \| Google Scholar \| Find articles by Li, C. in: JCI \| PubMed \| Google Scholar Find articles by Ha, P. in: JCI \| PubMed \| Google Scholar Find articles by Chang, G. in: JCI \| PubMed \| Google Scholar Find articles by Yang, P. in: JCI \| PubMed \| Google Scholar Find articles by Zhang, X. in: JCI \| PubMed \| Google Scholar \| Find articles by Kim, J. in: JCI \| PubMed \| Google Scholar \| Find articles by Jiang, W. in: JCI \| PubMed \| Google Scholar Find articles by Pang, X. in: JCI \| PubMed \| Google Scholar Find articles by Berthiaume, E. in: JCI \| PubMed \| Google Scholar \| Find articles by Mills, Z. in: JCI \| PubMed \| Google Scholar Find articles by Haveles, C. in: JCI \| PubMed \| Google Scholar Find articles by Chen, E. in: JCI \| PubMed \| Google Scholar Find articles by Ting, K. in: JCI \| PubMed \| Google Scholar Find articles by Soo, C. in: JCI \| PubMed \| Google Scholar First published July 15, 2019 - More info First published July 15, 2019 - Version history Received: September 18, 2018; Accepted: May 21, 2019 Tumorigenicity is a well-documented risk to overcome for pluripotent or multipot	-0.615923	-0.267092	0.066317	0.514156	[ -0.6570137044589194, -0.5748331787189938 ]	[ 0.1250551868427936, -0.6592401317708632 ]	[ 0.2831658079363957, -0.15053140740431437 ]	[ 0.9095642134395694, 0.11874765189069258 ]	1,024	[ 512, 512 ]	[ 10550, 21746, 4617, 4768, 3002, 855, 331, 9101, 12362, 2130, 891, 29871, 29896, 29900, 29889, 29896, 29896, 29955, 29906, 29914, 29967, 8426, 29896, 29906, 29945, 29900, 29896, 29945, 13, 6530, 29968, 29940, 29906, 29933, 701, 1727, 2785, 28057, 1935, 271, 4125, 12409, 297, 6674, 327, 296, 18755, 456, 397, 352, 262, 29899, 276, 8860, 2168, 9101, 13, 29999, 29882, 549, 27134, 996, 29892, 29896, 678, 575, 6905, 574, 2718, 29892, 29896, 17434, 5952, 29892, 29896, 23350, 1060, 29889, 678, 574, 29892, 29906, 12129, 27583, 29892, 29941, 1060, 262, 492, 796, 11895, 29892, 29896, 435, 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ent cell applications in regenerative medicine. To address the emerging demand for safe cell sources in tissue regeneration, we established a novel, protein-based reprogramming method that does not require genome integration or oncogene activation to yield multipotent fibromodulin (FMOD)-reprogrammed (FReP) cells from dermal fibroblasts. When compared with induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), FReP cells exhibited a superior capability for bone and skeletal muscle regeneration with markedly less tumorigenic risk. Moreover, we showed that the decreased tumorigenicity of FReP cells was directly related to an upregulation of cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 2B (CDKN2B) expression during the FMOD reprogramming process. Indeed, sustained suppression of CDKN2B resulted in tumorigenic, pluripotent FReP cells that formed teratomas in vivo that were indistinguishable from iPSC-derived teratomas. These results highlight the pivotal role of CDKN2B in cell fate determination and tumorigenic regulation and reveal an alternative pluripotent/multipotent cell reprogramming strategy that solely uses FMOD protein. Local endogenous stem/progenitor cells are often unable to adequately reestablish tissue integrity and function after large-volume tissue loss from trauma, degenerative pathologies, or aging. In these cases, exogenous replacement cells derived from the stem or progenitor cells are necessary to restore lost tissue (1). Unfortunately, despite decades of investigation, isolation and/or generation of safe and readily available regenerative cell sources remain major challenges. In particular, the tumorigenicity risks are not only posed by teratomas formed by embryonic stem cells (ESCs) and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), but also include the tumor-supporting and/or formation potential of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) (2, 3), the main cell source for regenerative medicine used in the last few decades (4). To address the emerging demand for safe and easily obtainable cell sources for tissue regeneration, we previously established an alternative strategy using continuous recombinant human fibromodulin (FMOD) stimulation under serum-free conditions to reprogram human dermal fibroblasts into multipotent cells (5). FMOD reprogramming shares several technological conveniences seen with iPSC generation. Both methodologies (a) offer freedom from the ethical and logistical constraints overshadowing ESC generation; (b) reprogram autologous cells, which significantly reduces the risk of immunogenic rejection; and (c) transform human dermal fibroblasts, a cell type that can be easily obtained and expanded from a skin biopsy (6), which may be preferred over the invasive harvest procedures required to obtain sufficient MSCs. Using this technology, dermal fibroblasts isolated from donors of different ages and sexes have been successfully reprogrammed into a multipotent state (5, 7). The resultant dome-shaped, clustered FMOD-reprogrammed (FReP) cells are easily separated from the surrounding spindle-shaped, monolayer FReP-basal cells with a xeno-free and enzyme-free reagent developed for passaging human pluripotent stem cells (7). Importantly, FReP cells exhibit pluripotency marker expression and triploblastic differentiation capabilities similar to those of ESCs and iPSCs (5). From an efficacy standpoint, we previously demonstrated that human FReP cells formed more bone than human iPSCs in a critical-sized SCID mouse calvarial defect model (7). Moreover, unlike iPSCs, implantation of FReP cells in the kidney capsule of immunodeficient mice did not result in teratoma or any other tumor formation (5). After successfully using FReP cells to form bone, this current study focused on a more difficult challenge of regenerating skeletal muscle. Skeletal muscle constitutes 40%–50% of human body mass, and its significant loss can result in life-altering disabilities (8, 9). However, there are no readily available stem or progenitor cell sources for skeletal muscle repair (10–12).	1.367367	1.935381	2.149839	2.272682	[ 1.433111000193189, 1.301622159009308 ]	[ 2.1359310836536074, 1.7348302814402305 ]	[ 2.1904190590253663, 2.1092593462130695 ]	[ 2.2830877150770923, 2.262276752931069 ]	1,024	[ 512, 512 ]	[ 296, 3038, 8324, 297, 1072, 759, 1230, 26602, 29889, 1763, 3211, 278, 11176, 3460, 9667, 363, 9109, 3038, 8974, 297, 260, 15118, 1072, 759, 362, 29892, 591, 7841, 263, 9554, 29892, 26823, 29899, 6707, 337, 28426, 1158, 393, 947, 451, 1996, 2531, 608, 13465, 470, 373, 29883, 16603, 26229, 304, 7709, 6674, 327, 296, 18755, 456, 397, 352, 262, 313, 29943, 6720, 29928, 6817, 276, 8860, 2168, 313, 29943, 1123, 29925, 29897, 9101, 515, 589, 5156, 18755, 307, 2204, 19416, 29889, 1932, 9401, 411, 20974, 715, 332, 666, 327, 296, 20805, 9101, 313, 29875, 7024, 29907, 29879, 511, 383, 1123, 29925, 9101, 10371, 1573, 263, 11558, 2117, 3097, 363, 289, 650, 322, 18109, 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Moreover, the highly vascularized microenvironment of the muscle compartment can be especially conducive to tumor formation — indeed, intramuscular implantation is a common route for teratoma formation when testing for cellular pluripotency (13). Thus, using nontumorigenic cells as starting materials is a key safety consideration for skeletal muscle regeneration. Here, we demonstrate the persistence, engraftment, and myogenicity of FReP cells, without tumorigenesis, in the tibialis anterior (TA) muscles of SCID mice. Moreover, FReP cell implantation into environments known to favor pluripotent cell teratoma formation, such as adult male Fox Chase SCID Beige mouse testes (13), did not result in tumor formation during the 4-month experimental period, which confirms the low tumorigenic potency of FReP cells. Furthermore, the FMOD-mediated reprogramming process itself is associated with marked upregulation of cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 2B (CDKN2B; also known as p15) (5) — an additional feature that helps minimize tumorigenicity — in FReP cells and potentially in other pluripotent/multipotent cells. FReP cells exhibit significant myogenic differentiation potential in vitro. In vitro, we used an established 2-stage skeletal myogenic differentiation protocol (5) that was developed for conventional retrovirus-mediated BJ fibroblast–derived iPSCs (BJ-iPSCs) (14) on FReP cells. In addition, human satellite cells were used as a positive control in vitro. The differentiated FReP cells expressed myogenic markers in a fashion similar to that of myogenically induced BJ-iPSCs, including myogenic differentiation 1 (MYOD1), sarcomeric α-actinin (ACTN), α-sarcomeric actin (ACTA1), myosin, and desmin (DES; Figure 1A). In contrast, unreprogrammed parental BJ fibroblasts and FReP-basal cells failed to undergo myogenic differentiation when subjected to the same myogenic protocol (Figure 1A). Since gene profiling is a very reliable tool for analyzing the expression of a focused panel of genes, the "molecular blueprint" of FReP cell myogenic differentiation was comprehensively studied by a commercially available PCR array that revealed significant upregulation of 84 myogenesis-related genes in the myogenically stimulated FReP cells (Figure 1B and Supplemental Table 1; supplemental material available online with this article; https://doi.org/10.1172/JCI125015DS1). In addition, myogenically differentiated FReP cells exhibited creatine kinase activity similar to that of human satellite cells (Figure 1C), indicating comparable in vitro functional myogenic potential between FReP cells and satellite cells (15, 16). Taken together, these data suggest that FReP cells are fully capable of behaving like muscle progenitor cells. FReP cells display myogenic differentiation potential in vitro. (A) Myogenic markers ACTN, MYOD, ACTA1, myosin, and desmin were found in FReP cells after cultivation using the established in vitro 2-stage skeletal myogenic differentiation protocol. Under the same differentiation conditions, parental unreprogrammed BJ fibroblasts and FReP-basal cells were used as negative controls, while retrovirus-mediated BJ-iPSCs and differentiated human satellite cells were used as positive controls. White arrowheads indicate the fusing myogenically differentiated cells; scale bar: 100 μm. (B) A PCR array revealed significantly upregulated myogenesis-related genes in FReP cells during the 3-week in vitro myogenic differentiation period. Unprocessed original Ct data are shown in Supplemental Table 1. n = 3 independent experiments. (C) The creatine kinase activity assay suggests that, after undergoing myogenic differentiation, FReP cells have biological activities similar to those of human satellite cells in vitro. **P < 0.005 (analyzed by	0.842781	1.806455	1.86578	2.158222	[ 1.2303990367013724, 0.4551627438880741 ]	[ 1.8351054819935746, 1.7778053673916638 ]	[ 1.9773748128930875, 1.7541856026592717 ]	[ 2.220654828639023, 2.0957890557628844 ]	1,024	[ 512, 512 ]	[ 12808, 29892, 278, 10712, 325, 6151, 1070, 1891, 9200, 20944, 310, 278, 2301, 2841, 29078, 358, 508, 367, 7148, 13417, 455, 345, 304, 21622, 272, 12409, 813, 6200, 29892, 11158, 314, 375, 16637, 13374, 424, 362, 338, 263, 3619, 5782, 363, 1935, 271, 4125, 12409, 746, 6724, 363, 3038, 1070, 715, 332, 666, 327, 3819, 313, 29896, 29941, 467, 6549, 29892, 773, 302, 609, 398, 272, 2101, 293, 9101, 408, 6257, 17279, 338, 263, 1820, 15332, 19220, 363, 18109, 1026, 284, 2301, 2841, 1072, 759, 362, 29889, 13, 10605, 29892, 591, 22222, 278, 3736, 11416, 29892, 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1-tailed Mann-Whitney and Kruskal-Wallis ANOVA tests); n = 6. FReP cell implantation leads to skeletal muscle generation in vivo. To validate the myogenic potential of FReP cells in vivo, 5 × 105 cells that had not undergone any form of premyogenic stimulation were implanted in the left TA muscles of 2-month-old male SCID mice. All negative controls — PBS vehicle (no cells), BJ fibroblasts, and FReP-basal cells — did not alter the TA muscle mass at 6 weeks after implantation (Figure 2A). Only limited numbers of BJ fibroblasts and FReP-basal cells survived in vivo. Surviving BJ fibroblasts were found on the surface of myofibers, while surviving FReP-basal cells were detected in some myofibers (Figure 2B). Meanwhile, retrovirus-mediated BJ-iPSCs, acting as a positive control, showed differentiation and engraftment that directly and significantly boosted muscle mass as evidenced by the spatial colocalization of human markers with the skeletal muscle markers (Figure 2B and Supplemental Figure 1). Excitingly, FReP cell implantation increased muscle mass to an even greater extent than retrovirus-mediated BJ-iPSC implantation (Figure 2A). Meanwhile, a broad spatial overlap of human markers with skeletal muscle markers confirmed the myogenic commitment and engraftment of FReP cells in the SCID mouse TA muscles (Figure 2B and Supplemental Figure 1). Overall, FReP cells exhibited superior skeletal muscle generation in vivo when compared with iPSCs. FReP cell implantation in SCID mouse TA muscle leads to the generation of skeletal muscle. (A) TA muscles of SCID mice were weighed, and the left (implantation side) and right (control with no implantation) muscles were compared at 6 weeks after implantation. Two animals implanted with retrovirus-mediated BJ-iPSCs formed tumors (highlighted by dashed lines). Data are presented as mean values. **P < 0.005 (analyzed by 1-tailed Mann-Whitney and Kruskal-Wallis ANOVA tests); n = 8 or 6 (BJ-iPSC group, excluding the 2 tumor-formation animals whose histological evaluation are shown in Supplemental Figure 2). Black asterisks indicate significance in comparison with the PBS vehicle control group; blue asterisks indicate significance in comparison with the FReP cell–implanted group. (B) Confocal microscopy images showing the coronal section view of SCID mouse TA muscles. Staining of ACTA1 was reduced to better visualize the staining of human MHC class I. The spatial colocalization of skeletal muscle marker ACTA1 with human MHC class I and human mitochondria shows the myogenic differentiation and engraftment of BJ-iPSCs, FReP-basal cells, and FReP cells in vivo. Scale bars: 25 μm. Confocal microscopy images showing the transverse section view of SCID mouse TA muscles are presented in Supplemental Figure 1. FReP cells have less tumorigenic potential than iPSCs. Notably, 2 of 8 animals (25%) that underwent implantation of retrovirus-mediated BJ-iPSCs into their uninjured TA muscles experienced tumor formation with active cell proliferation instead of skeletal muscle generation (Figure 2A and Supplemental Figure 2). Neither FReP-basal nor FReP cell implantation led to tumor formation during skeletal muscle (Figure 2) or bone (5, 7) regeneration, suggesting less tumorigenic potential than iPSCs. Since iPSC tumorigenesis is considered to be driven by mutations associated with uncontrollable proliferation (17, 18), cellular proliferation was examined. In agreement with previous studies (5, 6), retrovirus-mediated BJ	-0.150919	1.014998	1.059256	1.559907	[ -0.018060116830997654, -0.28377715005675713 ]	[ 1.3408919935520924, 0.6891031899553549 ]	[ 1.4599816437146966, 0.6585294796932675 ]	[ 1.4922711535282154, 1.6275424074773654 ]	1,024	[ 512, 512 ]	[ 29871, 29896, 29899, 941, 2356, 7908, 29899, 8809, 277, 3801, 322, 7365, 375, 11311, 29899, 29956, 497, 275, 319, 6632, 20449, 6987, 416, 302, 353, 29871, 29953, 29889, 13, 29943, 1123, 29925, 3038, 13374, 424, 362, 11981, 304, 18109, 1026, 284, 2301, 2841, 12623, 297, 325, 4243, 29889, 1763, 12725, 278, 590, 6352, 293, 7037, 310, 383, 1123, 29925, 9101, 297, 325, 4243, 29892, 29871, 29945, 13105, 29871, 29896, 29900, 29945, 9101, 393, 750, 451, 1090, 29887, 650, 738, 883, 310, 758, 1357, 6352, 293, 20436, 2785, 892, 13374, 9714, 297, 278, 2175, 323, 29909, 2301, 7799, 310, 29871, 29906, 29899, 10874, 29899, 1025, 14263, 12314, 1367, 286, 625, 29889, 2178, 8178, 11761, 813, 349, 9851, 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-iPSCs exhibited extremely rapid proliferation, while FReP cells proliferated minimally under undifferentiated conditions in vitro (Figure 3A). Next, a soft agar colony formation assay, the standard tumorigenicity test, was used to examine anchorage-independent cellular survivability under a low-nutrient and -oxygen microenvironment (19). After 14 days of cultivation with 10 μM Y-27632, the survival of BJ fibroblasts was negligible, while retrovirus-mediated BJ-iPSCs actively proliferated and formed colonies (Figure 3, B and C). Neither FReP-basal nor FReP cells proliferated or formed colonies; however, FReP-basal cells largely adopted a spindle shape while FReP cells remained morphologically round in the soft agar (Figure 3, B and C). FReP cells proliferate minimally in undifferentiating conditions and do not form colonies in a soft agar colony formation assay. (A) A cell proliferation assay was carried out in 96-well culture plates after 2000 cells per well were cultured in undifferentiating conditions for 3 days. (B and C) A soft agar colony formation assay was performed after 14 days of cultivation. Five thousand cells per well were initially seeded. Data are presented as mean values. Gray dashed lines indicate the original cell seeding densities; black asterisks indicate significance in comparison with BJ fibroblasts; blue asterisks indicate significance in comparison with FReP cells. **P < 0.005 (A and B; analyzed by 1-way ANOVA and 1-tailed 2-sample t tests); n = 6; scale bar: 500 μm (C). It is worth noting that the correlation between the soft agar colony formation assay and in vivo tumorigenicity tests is imprecise (20). The soft agar colony formation assay may underestimate the tumorigenic potential of reprogrammed pluripotent/multipotent cells, because only a small portion of tumorigenic iPSCs form colonies in the gel, owing to the dissociation-induced apoptosis of potentially tumorigenic iPSCs when conducting the assay (19, 21, 22). Since the intratesticular stromal cells may produce a milieu that is more supportive for implanted cells than subcutaneous or intramuscular microenvironments (13), 1 × 106 cells with 30 μL of Matrigel carrier were intratesticularly implanted into Fox Chase SCID Beige mice to further assess the tumorigenicity of FReP cells in vivo. In this system (20), intratesticular implantation of retrovirus-mediated BJ-iPSCs resulted in 100% (10/10) of the implanted animals developing teratomas with progressive growth (Figure 4A and Supplemental Figure 3B). Excitingly, none of the animals implanted with FReP or FReP-basal cells formed teratomas during the entire 4-month experimental period. Meanwhile, no human markers were detected in mouse testes implanted with FReP cells at 4 months after implantation (Figure 4A). A similar lack of human marker expression was also noted after BJ fibroblast or FReP-basal cell implantation in mice at the same time (Figure 4A). This suggests that, like BJ fibroblasts, FReP-basal and FReP cells that did not undergo predifferentiation stimulation did not spontaneously engraft or differentiate into the host testis tissue. Our previous kidney capsule injection (5) and current intramuscular and intratesticular implantation studies collectively constitute strong evidence that FReP cells are less likely to generate tumors than iPSCs. Intratesticular implantation of FReP cells does not lead to tumorigenesis in Fox Chase SCID Beige mouse testes. (A) Gross appearance and histological evaluation (H&E staining) of adult Fox Chase SCID Beige mouse testes that were intr	0.153834	1.208385	1.175923	1.611934	[ 0.181227658088322, 0.12644064092837157 ]	[ 1.312241936251137, 1.1045290208192098 ]	[ 1.3179521462931776, 1.0338931514501393 ]	[ 1.5338930778202615, 1.6899752939154347 ]	1,024	[ 512, 512 ]	[ 29899, 29875, 7024, 29907, 29879, 10371, 1573, 14154, 10952, 410, 29880, 9633, 362, 29892, 1550, 383, 1123, 29925, 9101, 410, 29880, 9633, 630, 6260, 635, 1090, 563, 8349, 7268, 630, 5855, 297, 13901, 307, 313, 13080, 545, 29871, 29941, 29909, 467, 8084, 29892, 263, 4964, 946, 279, 784, 2592, 12409, 1223, 388, 29892, 278, 3918, 21622, 272, 2101, 24798, 1243, 29892, 471, 1304, 304, 25917, 23791, 6022, 29899, 262, 18980, 3038, 1070, 10503, 440, 3097, 1090, 263, 4482, 29899, 21305, 374, 296, 322, 448, 2251, 29891, 1885, 9200, 20944, 313, 29896, 29929, 467, 2860, 29871, 29896, 29946, 3841, 310, 18834, 362, 411, 29871, 29896, 29900, 29871, 30167, 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atesticularly implanted with 1 × 106 cells were documented at 4 months after implantation. All implanted mice testes are shown in Supplemental Figure 3 (10 mice per group). In addition, by tracking of human mitochondria in vivo, significant survival of the implanted human cells was only observed in the BJ-iPSC group, in which teratoma formation was also detected. Scale bars: 5 mm (black), 1 mm (blue), or 100 μm (yellow). (B) The expressions of multiple proto-oncogenes were compared between parental BJ fibroblasts, retrovirus-mediated BJ-iPSCs, FReP-basal cells, and FReP cells. ERBB3, erb-b2 receptor tyrosine kinase 3; DEK, DEK proto-oncogene; DNMT3B, DNA methyltransferase 3β; FLT3, fms-related tyrosine kinase 3; FOXO1, forkhead box 1; LIN28, lin-28 homolog A; KIT, KIT proto-oncogene receptor tyrosine kinase; POU2F1, POU class 2 homeobox 1; TDGF1, teratocarcinoma-derived growth factor 1. Data are normalized to those of the BJ fibroblasts and presented as mean ± SD. **P < 0.005 (analyzed by 1-way ANOVA and 1-tailed 2-sample t tests); n = 3 independent experiments performed in duplicate. Dashed lines indicate the gene expression levels of BJ fibroblasts; black asterisks indicate significance in comparison with BJ fibroblasts; blue asterisks indicate significance in comparison with FReP cells. FReP cells and iPSCs exhibit different proto-oncogene and tumor suppressor gene expressions. Since FMOD reprogramming is a genome integration–free technology (5, 7), the global gene profile of BJ-derived FReP cells (GEO accession number GSE104830) was first compared with that of BJ-derived iPSCs generated through non–genome integration procedures (GEO accession numbers SRR500985/6/7/8, ref. 23; and SRR1583694/5, ref. 24) to gain insight into the mechanisms governing the disparate tumorigenic natures of FReP cells and iPSCs. A total of 2300 highly differentially expressed mRNAs (fold change ≥ 2), identified by the TopHat-Cufflinks package (25) through the Galaxy platform (26), were further analyzed by the DAVID Bioinformatics Resource 6.8 for functional annotation (27). This analysis revealed an enrichment of genes involved in the "pathways in cancer" (Supplemental Figure 4A) with significant similarity (κ = 1.0). The differential expression of genes that aligned with human proto-oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes (TSGs) recognized in the UniProt database (28) is displayed graphically (Supplemental Figure 4, B and C). In comparison with non–genome integration BJ-iPSCs, FReP cells displayed more proto-oncogenes with relatively lower expression levels (Supplemental Figure 4B). Meanwhile, in comparison with retrovirus-mediated BJ-iPSCs used in this study, quantitative reverse transcriptase PCR (qRT-PCR) confirmed that both FReP cells and FReP-basal cells have significantly lower expression levels of proto-oncogenes (Figure 4B) such as MYC, known to markedly accelerate cell proliferation and promote iPSC generation and tumor formation (29), and lin-28 homolog A (LIN28), documented to augment iPSC induction efficiency in a cell division rate–dependent manner (30). Meanwhile, when compared with non–genome integration BJ-iPSCs, FReP cells have a greater number of TSGs with higher expression levels (Supplemental Figure 4C). Further analyses of highly expressed TSGs in FReP cells using the STRING database to retrieve protein-protein interactions (31) emphasized the central roles of tum	-0.16804	1.616649	0.998386	2.028153	[ -0.5885299330089814, 0.25245078039625757 ]	[ 1.0257413632415822, 2.207556226905996 ]	[ 0.4150503412563777, 1.5817212129331415 ]	[ 1.6483533696233885, 2.4079534879532307 ]	1,024	[ 512, 512 ]	[ 271, 15931, 1070, 368, 13374, 9714, 411, 29871, 29896, 13105, 29871, 29896, 29900, 29953, 9101, 892, 23531, 472, 29871, 29946, 7378, 1156, 13374, 424, 362, 29889, 2178, 13374, 9714, 286, 625, 1243, 267, 526, 4318, 297, 9179, 944, 284, 11479, 29871, 29941, 313, 29896, 29900, 286, 625, 639, 2318, 467, 512, 6124, 29892, 491, 23110, 310, 5199, 1380, 2878, 898, 2849, 297, 325, 4243, 29892, 7282, 10503, 2561, 310, 278, 13374, 9714, 5199, 9101, 471, 871, 8900, 297, 278, 350, 29967, 29899, 29875, 7024, 29907, 2318, 29892, 297, 607, 1935, 271, 4125, 12409, 471, 884, 17809, 29889, 2522, 744, 22306, 29901, 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or protein p53 (TP53 in humans) and CDKN2B (Supplemental Figure 4D). Accumulating evidence demonstrates that activating TSGs, particularly TP53, cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1A (CDKN1A, also known as p21, which produces a translational product that mediates TP53-induced cell cycle arrest and tumor suppression; ref. 32), CDKN2A (also known as p16), and CDKN2B, reduces the efficiency of iPSC generation and limits the cancerous transformation of iPSCs predominantly by inhibiting cell division (17–19, 30, 33–37). For example, Menendez et al. reported that iPSCs derived from mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) with an elevated level of p53 (38) or the Ink4a/Arf locus (which encodes Cdkn2B, Cdkn2A, and Arf [an alternative transcript of Cdkn2A]) (39) have less tumorigenic potential than iPSCs derived from wild-type MEFs (19). In comparison with parental BJ fibroblasts, retrovirally derived BJ-iPSCs also have significantly less TP53 expression (Figure 5A). As seen in the MEF-derived iPSC study (40), expression of CDKN1A and CDKN2B, but not CDKN2A, was markedly reduced in retrovirus-mediated BJ-iPSCs (Figure 5, B–D). Meanwhile, these 4 genes were all upregulated in both FReP-basal and FReP cells (Figure 5), which aligns with our previous report in which these 2 populations were not distinguished from one another (5). Notably, higher expression levels of CDKN1A and CDKN2A were observed in FReP-basal cells than in FReP cells (Figure 5, B and C), while a more robust increase in CDKN2B was detected in FReP cells (Figure 5D). FReP cells have higher expression levels of TP53 and CDKN genes in vitro. Gene expression levels of TP53 (A), CDKN1A (B), CDKN2A (C), and CDKN2B (D) in vitro. Data are normalized to BJ fibroblasts and presented as mean ± SD. P < 0.05, *P < 0.005 (analyzed by 1-way ANOVA and 1-tailed 2-sample t tests); n = 3 independent experiments performed in duplicate. Dashed lines indicate the gene expression levels of BJ fibroblasts; black asterisks indicate significance in comparison with BJ fibroblasts; blue asterisks indicate significance in comparison with FReP cells. FReP cells reprogrammed from CDKN2B-knockdown fibroblasts acquire teratoma-forming, pluripotent characteristics. To further investigate the effects of TP53 and these CDKNs on the proliferation, multipotency, and tumorigenesis of FReP cells, stable TP53- or CDKN-knockdown (KD) BJ cells were established, respectively, in which the RNAi effects were extended beyond the FMOD reprogramming process (Figure 6A and Supplemental Figure 5). All of the KD BJ cells had reduced CDKN1A levels, while CDKN1A KD did not affect the expression of TP53, CDKN2A, or CDKN2B. Also, because of the structure of the INF4A/ARP locus, expression of CDKN2A and CDKN2B was decreased by some degree in response to both CDKN2A and CDKN2B KD (Supplemental Figure 5). The upregulation of CDKN2B induced by FMOD reprogramming was also blocked by CDKN2B KD: CDKN2B expression increased 21.4-fold in the scrambled shRNA–transfected BJ fibroblasts (scramble FReP cells) in response to FMOD reprogramming; but in CDK	-0.27008	0.714172	0.902009	1.773219	[ -0.03655073512248092, -0.5036100564110582 ]	[ 0.9756037629649099, 0.4527402172224721 ]	[ 1.1556327206685844, 0.6483845155917304 ]	[ 1.8980849153756654, 1.6483533696233885 ]	1,024	[ 512, 512 ]	[ 272, 26823, 282, 29945, 29941, 313, 3557, 29945, 29941, 297, 25618, 29897, 322, 7307, 29968, 29940, 29906, 29933, 313, 20182, 944, 284, 11479, 29871, 29946, 29928, 467, 13, 7504, 398, 18099, 10757, 9004, 1078, 393, 5039, 1218, 323, 26016, 29879, 29892, 10734, 323, 29925, 29945, 29941, 29892, 24502, 262, 29899, 18980, 19015, 559, 297, 6335, 2105, 29871, 29896, 29909, 313, 6530, 29968, 29940, 29896, 29909, 29892, 884, 2998, 408, 282, 29906, 29896, 29892, 607, 13880, 263, 5578, 1288, 3234, 393, 14457, 1078, 323, 29925, 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N2B-KD BJ fibroblasts, CDKN2B transcription was not altered by continuous FMOD treatment (Figure 6A). Thus, the expression of CDKN2B in FReP cells derived from CDKN2B-KD BJ fibroblasts (CDKN2B-KD FReP cells) was comparable to that seen in BJ-iPSCs. TP53 and CDKN gene–KD FReP cells have different gene expression profiles and myogenic differentiation potentials. (A) Gene expression of TP53 and CDKN genes was assessed in the FReP cells derived from different KD BJ fibroblasts. Data are presented as mean ± SD and normalized to those of the BJ fibroblasts without any shRNA transfection. P < 0.05, P < 0.005 (analyzed by 1-way ANOVA and 1-tailed 2-sample t tests); n = 3 independent experiments performed in duplicate. Black dashed lines indicate the gene expression levels of BJ fibroblasts without any shRNA transfection (in brief, BJ fibroblasts); red dashed lines indicate the gene expression levels of BJ-iPSCs; blue dashed lines indicate the gene expression levels of FReP cells derived from BJ fibroblasts without any shRNA transfection (in brief, FReP cells); gray asterisks indicate significance in comparison with FReP cells generated from scrambled shRNA–transfected BJ fibroblasts (scramble FReP cells). (B and C) Myogenic differentiation of KD FReP cells was assessed by myogenic marker staining (B) and creatine kinase activity assay (C) in vitro. White arrowheads indicate the fusing myogenic differentiated cells. Scale bar: 100 μm (B). *P < 0.005 (analyzed by 1-tailed Mann-Whitney and Kruskal-Wallis ANOVA tests, C); n = 6. Although CDKN2B-KD FReP cells presented higher expression levels of POU5F1 (also known as OCT4) in comparison with scramble FReP cells or the aforementioned FReP cells derived from BJ fibroblasts without shRNA transfection (in brief, FReP cells; Supplemental Figure 6A), all of these 3 FReP cells had similar multipotent differentiation capabilities and, importantly, myogenic differentiation potentials in vitro (Figure 6, B and C, and Supplemental Figure 6B). To rule out the possibility that the retained multipotent differentiation capability of CDKN2B-KD FReP cells was due to inefficient CDKN2B downregulation at the protein level, we carried out Western blotting to further confirm the markedly decreased expression of CDKN2B protein in CDKN2B-KD FReP cells (Supplemental Figure 7). This showed that decreased CDKN2B expression does not diminish the multipotency of FReP cells. Conversely, in agreement with a previous report affirming that permanent p53-p21 pathway suppression impairs the maintenance of iPSC identity (36), TP53- and CDKN1A-KD FReP cells exhibited reduced expressions of all the pluripotent markers, except for NANOG (Supplemental Figure 6A), and impaired myogenic differentiation (Figure 6B) when compared with scramble FReP cells and CDKN2B-KD FReP cells. Surprisingly, TP53, CDKN1A, and CDKN2A KD reduced the multilineage differentiation capacity of FReP cells (Supplemental Figure 6B), suggesting that the upregulation of TP53 and CDKNs is required for FMOD reprogramming and endows FReP cells with their unique triploblastic differentiation potency. Meanwhile, all tested TP53- or CDKN-KD FReP cells exhibited increased proliferation rates in comparison with FReP cells or scramble FReP cells (Figure 7A). However, in vitro assays demonstrated that only CDK	-0.402083	0.235179	0.699109	1.601529	[ -0.7035826690448773, -0.10058306142817297 ]	[ -0.08623898575175319, 0.5565966749384358 ]	[ 0.4759201258656001, 0.9222985463332315 ]	[ 1.3569998995790655, 1.8460575100106076 ]	1,024	[ 512, 512 ]	[ 29940, 29906, 29933, 29899, 29968, 29928, 350, 29967, 18755, 307, 2204, 19416, 29892, 7307, 29968, 29940, 29906, 29933, 1301, 3395, 471, 451, 10551, 287, 491, 9126, 383, 6720, 29928, 14502, 313, 13080, 545, 29871, 29953, 29909, 467, 6549, 29892, 278, 4603, 310, 7307, 29968, 29940, 29906, 29933, 297, 383, 1123, 29925, 9101, 10723, 515, 7307, 29968, 29940, 29906, 29933, 29899, 29968, 29928, 350, 29967, 18755, 307, 2204, 19416, 313, 6530, 29968, 29940, 29906, 29933, 29899, 29968, 29928, 383, 1123, 29925, 9101, 29897, 471, 5734, 519, 304, 393, 3595, 297, 350, 29967, 29899, 29875, 7024, 29907, 29879, 29889, 13, 3557, 29945, 29941, 322, 7307, 29968, 29940, 18530, 29994, 29968, 29928, 383, 1123, 29925, 9101, 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N2B-KD FReP cells were able to form colonies in the soft agar, similar to observations in retrovirus-mediated BJ-iPSCs (Figure 7, B and C). Moreover, in comparison with FReP cells and scramble FReP cells, CDKN2B-KD FReP cells had significantly elevated expressions of the aforementioned proto-oncogenes, except for DEK (Figure 7D). Intratesticular implantation of CDKN2B-KD FReP cells, but not the other aforementioned knockdown FReP cells, resulted in teratoma formation in 100% (10/10) of the tested animals (Figure 8A and Supplemental Figure 8E). The CDKN2B-KD FReP cell–derived teratomas were indistinguishable from retrovirus-mediated BJ-iPSC–derived teratomas (Figure 8B). These data constitute the evidence that CDKN2B KD alone converted nontumorigenic, multipotent FReP cells to teratoma-forming pluripotent stem cells. TP53 and CDKN gene KD diversely alters FReP cell proliferation, anchorage-independent survival ability in soft agar, and proto-oncogene expression in vitro. (A) A cell proliferation assay was carried out in 96-well culture plates after 2000 cells per well were cultured in undifferentiating conditions for 3 days. (B and C) A soft agar colony formation assay was performed after 14 days of cultivation. Five thousand cells per well were seeded initially. (D) The expressions of multiple proto-oncogenes in scramble FReP cells and CDKN2B-KD FReP cells were compared. Data are presented as mean values (A and B) or mean values normalized with those of the BJ fibroblasts ± SD (D). **P < 0.005 (analyzed by 1-way ANOVA and 1-tailed 2-sample t tests); n = 6 (A–C) or 3 independent experiments performed in duplicate (D). Gray dashed lines indicate the original cell seeding densities (A and B); black dashed lines indicate the gene expression levels of BJ fibroblasts (D); red dashed lines indicate the gene expression levels of BJ-iPSCs (D); blue dashed lines indicate the cell densities (A and B) or the gene expression levels (D) of FReP cells, respectively; gray asterisks indicate significance in comparison with scramble FReP cells. Scale bar: 500 μm. Intratesticular implantation of CDKN2B-KD FReP cells in Fox Chase SCID Beige mice results in teratoma formation. (A) Gross appearance and histological evaluation (H&E staining) of adult Fox Chase SCID Beige mouse testes with intratesticular implantation of 1 × 106 cells were assessed 4 months after implantation. All implanted mouse testes are shown in Supplemental Figure 8 (n = 10 mice per group). (B) Teratoma formation in CDKN2B-KD FReP cell–implanted animals was evaluated by a pathologist and confirmed by immunofluorescent staining; teratoma formation from retrovirus-mediated BJ-iPSC–implanted animals (Figure 4A) was used as a positive control. Three germ layers are clearly identified by ectoderm — pigmented cells; mesoderm cartilage with type II collagen staining; and endoderm gland with the definitive endoderm marker forkhead box A2 (FOXA2) staining. Scale bars: 5 mm (black), 1 mm (blue), or 50 μm (orange). To address the shortage of tissue-specific progenitor cells, multipotent and pluripotent cells offer exciting alternatives for cell-based tissue repair (4). However, safety concerns, particularly tumorigenicity, must be thoroughly surmounted before the widespread usage of multipotent and pluripotent cells in regenerative medicine (41). Within the last few decades, MSCs have been widely investig	-0.222484	1.025741	0.87411	1.7368	[ -0.3926663466621586, -0.05230200255596666 ]	[ 1.1188540494696875, 0.9326286770134767 ]	[ 0.6737469258455732, 1.0744730078562876 ]	[ 1.7836246235725384, 1.6899752939154347 ]	1,024	[ 512, 512 ]	[ 29940, 29906, 29933, 29899, 29968, 29928, 383, 1123, 29925, 9101, 892, 2221, 304, 883, 8104, 583, 297, 278, 4964, 946, 279, 29892, 2788, 304, 13917, 297, 24877, 2405, 375, 29899, 4210, 630, 350, 29967, 29899, 29875, 7024, 29907, 29879, 313, 13080, 545, 29871, 29955, 29892, 350, 322, 315, 467, 12808, 29892, 297, 10230, 411, 383, 1123, 29925, 9101, 322, 885, 2572, 569, 383, 1123, 29925, 9101, 29892, 7307, 29968, 29940, 29906, 29933, 29899, 29968, 29928, 383, 1123, 29925, 9101, 750, 16951, 11858, 630, 12241, 310, 278, 263, 1454, 882, 28487, 17814, 29899, 24746, 6352, 267, 29892, 5174, 363, 5012, 29968, 313, 13080, 545, 29871, 29955, 29928, 467, 512, 26614, 15931, 1070, 13374, 424, 362, 310, 7307, 29968, 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ated for their potential use in tissue regeneration because of their multipotent and immunomodulatory properties (42), even though they are generally harvested through more painful and invasive procedures than simple skin biopsy, such as muscle tissue biopsy (43), bone marrow aspiration (44), and liposuction (45). In addition, it is now well documented that MSCs exhibit transient and surprisingly low (less than 1%) engraftment in newly formed tissues (46, 47). Thus, MSCs assert their regenerative potency by secreting trophic factors instead of directly differentiating into the target tissues (48–52). As an off-target effect, various cytokines, chemokines, and growth factors secreted by MSCs are known to increase the proliferation, migration, and angiogenesis of tumor cells (2). Human MSCs can develop chromosomal aberrations during cultivation (53), undergo spontaneous tumorigenic transformation (54), promote the growth of cocultured glioblastoma cells in vitro, and support glioblastoma development in vivo (3). Animal studies also demonstrate the direct and/or indirect involvement of MSCs in sarcomagenesis (2), especially with inflammatory stimulation (55) that typically arises in injury scenarios. Thus, tumorigenesis is recognized as another risk of using MSCs in humans. The breakthrough discovery of iPSCs created enthusiasm to use these pluripotent cells for tissue regeneration. However, the widely accepted procedure for iPSC generation, in which transcription factors essential for embryonic development (such as the Yamanaka or Thomson factors) are introduced into the genome of target somatic cells, is known to induce unwanted gene activation and genomic alterations that pose considerable hazards for clinical use (56). For example, in the first clinical trial using iPSC-derived retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells to replace age-related macular degeneration RPE cells, 3 DNA deletions were detected in the autologous iPSCs and their derived RPE cells in 1 of the 2 patients (50%), which halted the planned transplantations (57). Moreover, retrovirus-mediated and transgene-free human iPSCs exhibit similar tumorigenicity with no appreciable difference in teratoma formation capability or teratoma microvascular density (17, 37). Although profound efforts are devoted to replacing transcription factors tightly associated with tumor progression with defined chemicals, current research demonstrated that BrdU, a mutation inducer that can incorporate into newly synthesized DNA by replacing thymidine during DNA replication, is absolutely required for achieving chemical induction of pluripotency (58). Considering that iPSCs also possess a potential risk for somatic tumor development that is not present with ESCs (17), the tumorigenic risk of iPSCs remains a credible concern regarding their use clinically. It has been hypothesized that the pluripotent cell microenvironment plays important roles determining cell fate, as well as the maintenance and induction of pluripotency/multipotency (59). In support of this, early pioneering studies demonstrated the successful induction of multipotent stem cells from somatic cells using extracts from Xenopus eggs (60), fish oocytes (61), ESCs (62), and even carcinoma cells (62). Interestingly, recent studies show that fetal MSCs, such as umbilical cord–derived MSCs (UCMSCs), express both specific ESC and adult MSC markers, suggesting that UCMSCs may represent an intermediate cell stage that is developmentally between the adult MSCs and ESCs (63–65). It is also of interest that UCMSCs are predominantly harvested from Wharton's jelly, a proteoglycan-rich connective tissue (66, 67); this suggests that recreating a proteoglycan-rich microenvironment may facilitate or induce somatic cell reprogramming to some degree of multipotency/pluripotency. Coincidentally, our previous studies demonstrated that, unlike other small leucine-rich proteoglycan members, FMOD expression markedly decreases from early-gestational fetal skin	0.50995	1.76348	1.35346	1.996937	[ 0.5537793747759848, 0.4661201473200642 ]	[ 1.9353806825469189, 1.5915799949354532 ]	[ 1.4802715719177708, 1.2266474693793439 ]	[ 2.002139726105781, 1.9917342450327693 ]	1,024	[ 512, 512 ]	[ 630, 363, 1009, 7037, 671, 297, 260, 15118, 1072, 759, 362, 1363, 310, 1009, 6674, 327, 296, 322, 5198, 348, 290, 397, 352, 7606, 4426, 313, 29946, 29906, 511, 1584, 2466, 896, 526, 6892, 4023, 29894, 2868, 1549, 901, 6788, 1319, 322, 29688, 573, 28648, 1135, 2560, 19309, 4768, 3554, 29891, 29892, 1316, 408, 2301, 2841, 260, 15118, 4768, 3554, 29891, 313, 29946, 29941, 511, 289, 650, 1766, 798, 7051, 12232, 313, 29946, 29946, 511, 322, 619, 1066, 29884, 428, 313, 29946, 29945, 467, 512, 6124, 29892, 372, 338, 1286, 1532, 23531, 393, 341, 7187, 29879, 10371, 277, 1301, 993, 322, 26800, 368, 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(which holds the capability to heal scarlessly with restoration of normal dermal extracellular matrix architecture and appendages) to late-gestational fetal and adult skin (in which injury generally results in scar formation; refs. 68, 69). Meanwhile, FMOD loss of function caused scarring in normally scarless early-gestational fetal wounds (69), while FMOD gain of function restored scarless healing to normally scar-prone late-gestational fetal wounds (69) as well as reduced adult scar formation by eliciting a fetal-like phenotype of adult dermal fibroblasts (70). FMOD is also a critical component for the maintenance of endogenous stem cell niches (71, 72). These collective data suggest that FMOD is essential for establishing and/or maintaining the fetal and stem cell milieus. To test this hypothesis, we cultured human newborn foreskin BJ fibroblasts and normal adult dermal fibroblasts in FMOD and were able to induce successful reprogramming of these cell populations (5). Excitingly, our previous (7) and current studies demonstrate that the FMOD-reprogrammed FReP cells exhibit a superior capability for bone and skeletal muscle regeneration in comparison with iPSCs. More importantly, the implantation of FReP cells, even in an undifferentiated state, does not cause teratoma or any other kind of tumor formation in vivo in all tests to date. Therefore, FReP cells are a readily available and potentially safer source for musculoskeletal system regeneration as shown here and potentially other regenerative medicine applications. The decreased tumorigenic potential and proliferation activity, as well as the favorable oncogene and TSG expression profile, also highlight that both the FMOD reprogramming process and the resultant FReP cells are fundamentally distinct from iPSCs. Interestingly, FReP cells bear several critical characteristics of multilineage-differentiating stress-enduring (MUSE) cells (5, 73): they (a) express pluripotent markers, albeit at relatively lower levels than ESCs and iPSCs; (b) can differentiate into all 3 germline cells under specific induction conditions; (c) have low levels of proto-oncogenes, such as LIN28; (d) retain a stable karyotype; and, most importantly, (e) do not form teratomas. Although FReP cells and MUSE cells are both excluded from being considered pluripotent by the stringent mandatory criteria of teratoma formation in vivo, they may represent a different group of cells with a triploblastic differentiation capability that holds tremendous potential in regenerative medicine. However, FReP cell generation is distinct from MUSE cell collection. Activation and isolation of MUSE cells require severe cellular stress conditions, such as lengthy incubation and digestion, hypoxia, and low temperatures (73), which assist in killing all other viable cells. Conversely, FMOD reprogramming does not require hypoxia or low temperatures, and the resultant FReP cells and FReP-basal cells are both viable. Given the fact that FReP cells resemble quiescent stem cells in multiple ways (5), continuous FMOD exposure may reconstitute a specific microenvironment similar to the niche of quiescent stem cells, and thus induce reprogramming of somatic cells. Reprogramming and tumorigenesis appear interconnected in many reports examining induced pluripotency (18), although the mechanism governing the transition from nontumorigenic somatic cells to tumorigenic iPSCs remains an enigma. Nevertheless, our current studies demonstrate that FReP cells derived from CDKN2B-KD fibroblasts acquired undesirable tumorigenic characteristics. Still, to our knowledge, this represents the first report of conversion of nontumorigenic, multipotent cells obtained via a non–genome integration procedure into a teratoma-forming, pluripotent state simply by suppression of the upregulation of CDKN2B. These results indicate that, in addition to the conventional transcriptional factor–based procedure, continuous stimulation by FMOD in serum-free conditions while blocking the increase in CDKN2B may be an alternative strategy to convert somatic cells to plurip	0.607197	1.337311	1.566504	2.090586	[ 0.7208797771138336, 0.49351365590003937 ]	[ 1.369542050853048, 1.305079421925898 ]	[ 1.5309963924254562, 1.6020111411362157 ]	[ 2.043761650397827, 2.1374109800549306 ]	1,024	[ 512, 512 ]	[ 313, 4716, 8640, 278, 2117, 3097, 304, 540, 284, 21990, 23769, 411, 1791, 12418, 310, 4226, 589, 5156, 1294, 945, 514, 1070, 4636, 11258, 322, 9773, 1179, 29897, 304, 5683, 29899, 7118, 1288, 285, 26310, 322, 16157, 19309, 313, 262, 607, 24092, 6892, 2582, 297, 21990, 12409, 29936, 2143, 29879, 29889, 29871, 29953, 29947, 29892, 29871, 29953, 29929, 467, 25065, 29892, 383, 6720, 29928, 6410, 310, 740, 8581, 885, 23693, 297, 12891, 21990, 2222, 4688, 29899, 7118, 1288, 285, 26310, 281, 3885, 313, 29953, 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otent states. These results highlight the essential role of CDKN2B in governing the transition of multipotent to pluripotent cells, especially during reprogramming procedures without genome integration or oncogene activation. CDKN2B abnormalities have been associated with many forms of carcinogenesis, including leukemias, carcinomas, and melanomas. As an effector of TGFβ, CDKN2B inhibits cyclin-dependent kinase 4/6, and thus induces a G1-phase cell cycle arrest (74). However, since most previous studies focused on the INF/ARF locus as a whole without separating CDKN2B from CDKN2A, these studies did not fully elucidate the isolated function of CDKN2B. Hence, the contribution of low CDKN2B levels to tumorigenesis may be underestimated. Taking a closer look at the INK4/ARF locus, CDKN2A seems to play a more vigorous role in oncogenesis than CDKN2B. For instance, in acute lymphoblastic leukemia, CDKN2A is often deleted without CDKN2B deletion, while a sole CDKN2B deletion is almost never detected (75). However, our current results demonstrate that sustained suppression of CDKN2B, instead of CDKN2A, during FMOD reprogramming plays the predominant role in introducing a tumorigenic potential into the nontumorigenic FReP cells. This suggests that CDKN2A and CDKN2B may have different bioactivities and that further targeted studies on the role of CDKN2B in reprogramming, maintenance, and tumorigenesis of multipotent/pluripotent cells, including MUSE cells and iPSCs, are warranted. Moreover, on the basis of the clear, inverse relationship between tumorigenesis and CDKN2B levels observed in this study, elevating CDKN2B expression may be an interesting, alternative antitumor strategy to decrease the tumorigenic risk of the therapies based on pluripotent/multipotent cells (such as iPSCs). However, it is worth noting that iPSCs exhibit significantly lower INK4/ARF locus expression than their parental fibroblasts (76). In particular, CDKN2B is more severely repressed during iPSC reprogramming than CDKN2A and ARF (76). Meanwhile, transient silencing of the INK4/ARF locus is sufficient to accelerate the reprogramming progress and increase the number of iPSCs (76). Since INK4/ARF locus inhibition promotes iPSC generation, it is highly possible that forcing CDKN2B expression may fundamentally impede the reprogramming process that yields iPSCs. An alternative strategy to test whether a CDKN2B-based antitumor strategy would work in iPSCs is to consistently upregulate CDKN2B expression in fully reprogrammed iPSCs to suppress their tumorigenic potency. However, despite the low efficiency, the potential off-target effects of human iPSC genome editing often lead to high cell mortality and, more importantly, introduce mutations that are independent of the gene of interest, and thus confound the analysis of the tumorigenic risk of the genome-edited cells (77–82). Even more crucially, because of the cluster-forming nature of iPSCs, it would be a major challenge to purify CDKN2B-overexpressing iPSCs from the surrounding iPSCs without CDKN2B upregulation, especially since there is no known surface marker that could assist this process currently. Forcing CDKN2B expression in reprogrammed iPSCs may also not be a practical and reliable way to reduce the tumorigenic risk of iPSCs, as even only a small portion of tumorigenic iPSC contamination can induce teratoma formation (83). Therefore, aside from understanding whether CDKN2B can prevent iPSC tumorigenesis, how to reliably evaluate and effectively implement the CDKN2B overexpression strategy in iPSCs remains a key challenge for future studies. In summary, we demonstrated that FReP cells exhibit a superior capability for skeletal muscle regeneration with markedly less tumor	0.322989	0.989929	1.10998	2.038559	[ 0.638699251373908, 0.007278878605479414 ]	[ 1.1403415924454041, 0.8395159907853713 ]	[ 1.368676966800863, 0.851283797622472 ]	[ 2.1374109800549306, 1.9397068396677115 ]	1,024	[ 512, 512 ]	[ 327, 296, 5922, 29889, 4525, 2582, 12141, 278, 18853, 6297, 310, 7307, 29968, 29940, 29906, 29933, 297, 14765, 1076, 278, 9558, 310, 6674, 327, 296, 304, 715, 332, 666, 327, 296, 9101, 29892, 7148, 2645, 337, 28426, 28648, 1728, 2531, 608, 13465, 470, 373, 29883, 16603, 26229, 29889, 13, 6530, 29968, 29940, 29906, 29933, 633, 8945, 1907, 505, 1063, 6942, 411, 1784, 7190, 310, 1559, 16381, 6352, 6656, 29892, 3704, 454, 2679, 331, 3173, 29892, 1559, 16381, 18902, 29892, 322, 9232, 273, 18902, 29889, 1094, 385, 2779, 272, 310, 323, 29954, 29943, 30187, 29892, 7307, 29968, 29940, 29906, 29933, 297, 6335, 1169, 24502, 262, 29899, 18980, 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igenic risk when compared with iPSCs. As FReP cells are fundamentally distinct from iPSCs, FReP cells may represent another class of cells with a triploblastic differentiation capability rather than teratoma-forming pluripotency that may have greater applications in regenerative medicine. Concomitantly, we identified that decreased FReP cell tumorigenicity is directly related to CDKN2B upregulation during the FMOD reprogramming process, highlighting an essential role for CDKN2B in regulating cell fate and tumorigenesis. Cell culture. Human newborn foreskin BJ fibroblasts (ATCC CRL-2522; ATCC) were cultured in a 4:1 mixture of DMEM (containing 4 mM l-glutamine, 1.0 g/L glucose, and 1.5 g/L sodium bicarbonate; Thermo Fisher Scientific) and Medium 199 (Thermo Fisher Scientific), supplemented with 10% FBS (Thermo Fisher Scientific) and 1% penicillin/streptomycin (P/S; Thermo Fisher Scientific) (7). BJ fibroblasts were authenticated by Laragen Inc. and tested negative for mycoplasma contamination using the Universal Mycoplasma Detection Kit (ATCC; Supplemental Figure 9). BJ-iPSCs obtained by conventional retrovirus-mediated methods (14) were maintained on plates precoated with Matrigel human ESC–qualified (hESC-qualified) Matrix (BD Biosciences) with mTESR1 medium (STEMCELL Technologies) (7). Human satellite cells were purchased from Lifeline Cell Technology and cultured according to the manufacturer's instructions. After 1 week of culture in MyoLife Complete Myogenesis Differentiation Medium (Lifeline Cell Technology), the differentiated human satellite cells were used as a positive control for in vitro myogenic differentiation. FMOD production. cDNA of a human FMOD transcript (GenBank NM_002023) was subcloned into a commercially available vector, pSecTag2A (Thermo Fisher Scientific), with a C-terminal His tag, and then transfected into CHO-K1 cells (ATCC) (84). After establishment of a stable FMOD expression clone, FMOD was produced and purified by a contract research organization, GenScript. Briefly, a stable human recombinant FMOD–expressing CHO-K1 cell line was cultured in 1 L of serum-free Freestyle CHO Expression Medium (Thermo Fisher Scientific) at 37°C with 5% CO2 in an Erlenmeyer flask. The cell culture supernatant was harvested after 10 days for purification with a HiTrap IMAC HP 1-mL column (GE Healthcare). The fractions from a 100-mM imidazole elution were collected and dialyzed against 20 mM PBS, pH 7.4. Next, the sample with low conductivity was loaded onto a HiTrap Q HP 1-mL column (GE Healthcare) for further purification. FMOD was then purified under nonreducing conditions, dialyzed again (7), and then subjected to lyophilization. The purity of the FMOD product was 85%. FMOD was reconstituted in PBS and then underwent sterilization through a 0.22-μm filter (Thermo Fisher Scientific) before use (70). FMOD reprogramming. BJ fibroblast cells (4 × 105 per well) were seeded in 6-well culture plates overnight to confluence and then exposed to 0.4 mg/mL recombinant human FMOD in DMEM supplemented with 1% P/S for reprogramming under serum-free conditions. The medium was exchanged with fresh medium daily (5, 7). After 21 days of continuous FMOD treatment, FReP cells were harvested by ReLeSR (an enzyme-free hESC and hiPSC selection and passaging reagent; STEMCELL Technologies), which significantly increased the yield of F	-0.281551	0.681941	0.836066	1.611934	[ -0.12523721915015065, -0.4378656358191177 ]	[ 0.8466785051106102, 0.517202846149622 ]	[ 1.0440381155516765, 0.6280945873886563 ]	[ 1.773219142499527, 1.4506492292361692 ]	1,024	[ 512, 512 ]	[ 2101, 293, 12045, 746, 9401, 411, 474, 7024, 29907, 29879, 29889, 1094, 383, 1123, 29925, 9101, 526, 5220, 1166, 635, 8359, 515, 474, 7024, 29907, 29879, 29892, 383, 1123, 29925, 9101, 1122, 2755, 1790, 770, 310, 9101, 411, 263, 17487, 2127, 4230, 293, 1422, 11685, 2117, 3097, 3265, 1135, 1935, 271, 4125, 29899, 689, 292, 715, 332, 666, 327, 3819, 393, 1122, 505, 7621, 8324, 297, 1072, 759, 1230, 26602, 29889, 1281, 510, 277, 10835, 29892, 591, 15659, 393, 9263, 1463, 383, 1123, 29925, 3038, 21622, 272, 2101, 24798, 338, 4153, 4475, 304, 7307, 29968, 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ReP cells in comparison with a traditional manual scraping method (Supplemental Figure 10). The yielded cells were then cultured on Matrigel hESC-qualified Matrix–coated (BD Biosciences) plates with mTESR1 medium (STEMCELL Technologies) (7). RNAi. Following the manufacturer's instructions, plasmids harboring TP53 shRNA, CDKN1A shRNA, CDKN2A shRNA, or CDKN2B shRNA (Santa Cruz Biotechnology) were used to knock down the expression of the respective target genes. Control shRNA Plasmid-A (Santa Cruz Biotechnology), which encoded a scrambled shRNA sequence, was used as a negative control for RNAi. For each target gene, the colony with the lowest gene expression of the target gene was selected from 5 candidate knockdown colonies for further investigation. Proliferation assay. Two thousand cells per well were seeded into 96-well culture plates for a proliferation assay. After 3 days of incubation, cell proliferation was assessed by the Vybrant MTT Cell Proliferation Assay Kit (Molecular Probes) with an Epoch Microplate Spectrophotometer coupled with Gen5 software (version 2.04.11, BioTek Instruments Inc.). Soft agar colony formation assay. Soft agar colony formation assay was performed with the CytoSelect 96-Well In Vitro Tumor Sensitivity Assay (Cell Biolabs Inc.) according to the manufacturer's instructions. Five thousand cells per well were initially seeded with the supplied medium and 10 μM Rho-associated protein kinase (ROCK) inhibitor Y-27632 (STEMCELL Technologies). After 14 days of cultivation, representative photographs were captured on an Olympus IX71 microscope coupled with a DP73 camera and cellSens Standard 1.9 software (Olympus). Cellular anchorage-independent growth was quantified according to the instructions of the CytoSelect 96-Well In Vitro Tumor Sensitivity Assay with an Epoch Microplate Spectrophotometer. In vitro 2-stage skeletal myogenic differentiation. Cells were seeded on Attachment Factor Protein–coated plates with myogenic medium I (DMEM supplemented with 10% FBS, 1% P/S, 10% horse serum [HS; Thermo Fisher Scientific], and 1% chicken embryo extract [CEE; Gemini Bio Products]) for 7 days. Then, myogenic medium II (DMEM supplemented with 1% FBS, 1% P/S, 1% HS, and 0.5% CEE) was used for another 14 days of cultivation. Half of the medium was renewed every 4 days (5, 85). Antibodies against ACTA1 (catalog ab28052, clone Alpha Sr-1, Abcam), ACTN (catalog ab9465, clone EA-53, Abcam), desmin (catalog ab8592, Abcam), MYOD (catalog ab64159, Abcam), and myosin (catalog MAB1628, clone NOQ7.5.4D, MilliporeSigma) were used to confirm skeletal myogenic differentiation. All immunostaining, in terms of concentration, antigen retrieval, etc., was conducted based on the instructions of the manufacturers. One microgram total protein of lysate from cells that underwent myogenic differentiation in vitro was used for a creatine kinase activity test (15, 16) using the Creatine Kinase Activity Assay Kit (MilliporeSigma) according to the manufacturer's protocol. The test was performed at 37°C, and results were documented with an Epoch Microplate Spectrophotometer. In vitro neurogenic differentiation. Cells were seeded on AggreWell 800 Plates with AggreWell medium (STEMCELL Technologies) for embryoid body (EB) formation, following the manufacturer's instructions (5, 7). EBs were then	-0.628251	0.762519	1.023748	1.284162	[ -0.6898859147548896, -0.5666151261450012 ]	[ 0.5780842179141524, 0.9469537056639544 ]	[ 0.8817186899270831, 1.1657776847701213 ]	[ 1.1801067213378693, 1.3882163427981 ]	1,024	[ 512, 512 ]	[ 1123, 29925, 9101, 297, 10230, 411, 263, 13807, 12219, 885, 2390, 292, 1158, 313, 20182, 944, 284, 11479, 29871, 29896, 29900, 467, 450, 7709, 287, 9101, 892, 769, 4185, 2955, 373, 5345, 8966, 295, 298, 2890, 29907, 29899, 15380, 2164, 22513, 29994, 1111, 630, 313, 29121, 350, 2363, 455, 2063, 29897, 715, 1078, 411, 286, 29911, 2890, 29934, 29896, 18350, 313, 1254, 12665, 4741, 2208, 8364, 11763, 29897, 313, 29955, 467, 13, 29934, 3521, 29875, 29889, 12206, 278, 12012, 9945, 29915, 29879, 11994, 29892, 715, 11625, 4841, 4023, 4089, 292, 323, 29925, 29945, 29941, 528, 29934, 3521, 29892, 7307, 29968, 29940, 29896, 29909, 528, 29934, 3521, 29892, 7307, 29968, 29940, 29906, 29909, 528, 29934, 3521, 29892, 470, 7307, 29968, 29940, 29906, 29933, 528, 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transferred to a 6-well Ultra Low Cluster Plate (Costar, Corning Inc.) with KnockOut DMEM (Thermo Fisher Scientific) supplemented with 10% KnockOut Serum Replacement (Thermo Fisher Scientific), 2 mM l-glutamate (Thermo Fisher Scientific), 1% P/S, 10 μM all-trans retinoic acid (RA; Santa Cruz Biotechnology), and 100 nM of the N-terminal active fragment of human sonic hedgehog (Shh; R&D Systems) to generate spheres. Fresh RA was added every day, and the medium and supplements, including Shh, were replaced every 3 days. After 8 days of suspension culture, the induced spheres were transferred onto poly-ornithine/fibronectin–coated (MilliporeSigma) plates with DMEM/F12 medium (Thermo Fisher Scientific) supplemented with 2% FBS, 1% P/S, N2 Supplement (Thermo Fisher Scientific), 20 ng/mL glial-derived neurotrophic factor (Thermo Fisher Scientific), 20 ng/mL brain-derived neurotrophic factor (Thermo Fisher Scientific), 20 ng/mL ciliary neurotrophic factor (Thermo Fisher Scientific), and 1× B27 serum-free supplement (Thermo Fisher Scientific) (5, 86, 87). The medium was changed every 3 days. After 9 days, cells were fixed for immunocytochemistry examination with antibodies against neuron-specific βIII-tubulin (also known as TUJ1; catalog ab18207, Abcam) (5, 7). In vitro osteogenic differentiation. Cells were seeded on Attachment Factor Protein–coated (Thermo Fisher Scientific) plates and cultured with MEM Alpha (Thermo Fisher Scientific) supplemented with 10% FBS, 50 μg/mL ascorbic acid (MilliporeSigma), 10 mM β-glycerophosphate (MilliporeSigma), and 1% P/S for 28 days. The medium was changed every 3 days. Mineralization was detected by alizarin red staining (LifeLine Cell Technology) (5, 7). In vitro pancreatic differentiation. Cells were cultured in RPMI 1640 medium (Thermo Fisher Scientific) supplemented with 2% FBS, 2 mM l-glutamate, 1% P/S, and 100 ng/mL recombinant activin A (Thermo Fisher Scientific) for 4 days to differentiate into an endoderm derivate. Cells were cultured for another 16 days without activin A (5, 88, 89) before characterization with antibodies against Nkx6.1 (catalog F55A10, clone F55A10, Developmental Studies Hybridoma Bank), insulin (catalog 4590, Cell Signaling Technology), pancreatic and duodenal homeobox 1 (PDX1; catalog ab47267, Abcam), and amylin (catalog GTX11022, clone R10/99, GeneTex). Immunocytochemistry. Samples selected for immunocytochemistry staining were fixed in prechilled acetone. DAPI (MilliporeSigma) was used for nuclear staining (5, 7). The StemLite Pluripotency Kit (catalog 9656, Cell Signaling Technology) was used to detect a panel of proteins that are specifically expressed in human pluripotent cells (5). Images were collected with the Leica TCS SP8 Confocal Laser Scanning Platform (Leica). RNA isolation. RNA was extracted using the RNeasy Mini Kit (Qiagen) with DNase (Qiagen) treatment to ensure that the samples were not contaminated with genomic DNA. RNA purity was assessed by the Epoch Microplate Spectrophotometer. PCR array quantitative RT-PCR. PCR arrays are one of the most reliable tools	-0.728237	0.407079	0.592587	1.247742	[ -0.7474122827728377, -0.7090613707608724 ]	[ 0.1644490156316074, 0.6497093611665411 ]	[ 0.19186113102256197, 0.993313295043991 ]	[ 1.2945670131409963, 1.2009176834838924 ]	1,024	[ 512, 512 ]	[ 18440, 304, 263, 29871, 29953, 29899, 5872, 18514, 336, 17511, 2233, 5402, 1858, 403, 313, 25733, 279, 29892, 2994, 1076, 9266, 1846, 411, 24133, 384, 3744, 360, 2303, 29924, 313, 1349, 20772, 12030, 261, 23753, 928, 29897, 1462, 944, 287, 411, 29871, 29896, 29900, 29995, 24133, 384, 3744, 1816, 398, 10088, 9552, 313, 1349, 20772, 12030, 261, 23753, 928, 511, 29871, 29906, 286, 29924, 301, 29899, 3820, 329, 314, 403, 313, 1349, 20772, 12030, 261, 23753, 928, 511, 29871, 29896, 29995, 349, 29914, 29903, 29892, 29871, 29896, 29900, 29871, 30167, 29924, 599, 29899, 3286, 3240, 1789, 293, 22193, 313, 4717, 29936, 7510, 17960, 3457, 866, 3049, 3002, 511, 322, 29871, 29896, 29900, 29900, 302, 29924, 310, 278, 405, 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for analyzing the expression of a focused panel of genes. To further establish the feasibility of FReP cells as an alternative safe cell source for skeletal muscle regeneration, we used PCR arrays to generate a "molecular blueprint" of FReP cell activities during myogenic differentiation. According to the manufacturer's instruction, the RT2 Profiler PCR Array for Human Skeletal Muscle (Qiagen) was used to track the expression of myogenic-related genes. Three different cDNA templates were tested. qRT-PCR. For qRT-PCR, 1.0 μg RNA was used for a reverse transcriptase reaction with iScript Reverse Transcription Supermix for RT-qPCR (Bio-Rad). One microliter product was used for real-time PCR with SsoAdvanced Universal Probes Supermix (Bio-Rad) and TaqMan primers/probe sets (Thermo Fisher Scientific) on a QuantStudio3 system (Thermo Fisher Scientific). Three different cDNA templates were tested in duplicate (5, 7). Whole transcriptome sequencing. Whole transcriptome sequencing (RNA-Seq) of FReP cells was performed by the UCLA Technology Center for Genomics & Bioinformatics. Briefly, Illumina (HiSeq 2500, Illumina) 1 × 50 bp short reads were aligned to the transcriptome derived from the University of California, Santa Cruz, Human Genome version 19 (hg19) (90). The results were submitted to the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO GSE104830). Differentially expressed genes (fold change ≥2) between FReP cells and BJ-derived iPSCs that were generated without genome integration (GEO SRR500985/6/7/8, ref. 23; and SRR1583694/5, ref. 24) were identified by the TopHat-Cufflinks package (25) through the Galaxy platform (26) using the default settings. DAVID Bioinformatics Resource 6.8 was used for functional annotation (27, 91). The differentially expressed genes that aligned with human proto-oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes, listed in the UniProt database (28), were displayed graphically by the package pheatmap (version 1.0.8) in R (version 3.4.1) (92). Western blot. Cells were lysed using Pierce RIPA buffer supplemented with Halt Protease and Phosphatase Inhibitor Cocktail (Thermo Fisher Scientific). Western blotting was performed with antibodies against CDKN2B (catalog ab53034, Abcam) and GAPDH (product 5174S, clone D16H11, Cell Signaling Technology) to confirm the efficiency of CDKN2B KD at the protein level. Pierce ECL Western Blotting Substrate (Thermo Fisher Scientific) was used for development. Intramuscular implantation animal model. Two-month-old male SCID mice (Charles River Laboratories) were anesthetized using inhaled 2% isoflurane and oxygen (1.5 L/min) and were maintained in an oxygen flow environment upon awakening. A 0.5-cm incision was made in the skin covering the left TA muscle, and 5 × 105 cells without premyogenic differentiation in vitro were slowly injected into the TA muscle. The fascia was then sutured in a simple continuous pattern, and the skin was closed separately using 4-0 Vicryl sutures (Ethicon Inc.) in a subcuticular pattern. Animals were euthanized 6 weeks after implantation. Both right (control) and left (implanted) TA muscles were harvested and weighed before fixation. The muscle masses of the left (implanted) and right (control) TA muscle of each mouse were compared to minimize the variation between individual animals. Intratesticular teratoma formation assay. Since there are no detailed guidelines for tumorigenicity testing of cell-based therapeutic products, based on the protocols described in previous reports (13	-0.35714	1.290754	1.183531	1.570312	[ -0.10931474228804007, -0.6049660381569665 ]	[ 1.4125171368044813, 1.1689916497463595 ]	[ 1.6933158180500494, 0.6737469258455732 ]	[ 1.8356520289375962, 1.3049724942140077 ]	1,024	[ 512, 512 ]	[ 363, 29537, 292, 278, 4603, 310, 263, 21309, 9451, 310, 2531, 267, 29889, 1763, 4340, 10127, 278, 28326, 4127, 310, 383, 1123, 29925, 9101, 408, 385, 8671, 9109, 3038, 2752, 363, 18109, 1026, 284, 2301, 2841, 1072, 759, 362, 29892, 591, 1304, 9609, 29934, 7049, 304, 5706, 263, 376, 29885, 1772, 16637, 7254, 2158, 29908, 310, 383, 1123, 29925, 3038, 14188, 2645, 590, 6352, 293, 1422, 11685, 29889, 7579, 304, 278, 12012, 9945, 29915, 29879, 15278, 29892, 278, 390, 29911, 29906, 23202, 261, 9609, 29934, 4398, 363, 12968, 317, 446, 1026, 284, 3077, 2841, 313, 29984, 29875, 5370, 29897, 471, 1304, 304, 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, 93), 1 × 106 cells in 30 μL Matrigel hESC-qualified Matrix (BD Biosciences) were injected into the right testes of 2-month-old adult male Fox Chase SCID Beige mice (Charles River Laboratories). Fox Chase SCID Beige mice were used because they possess the autosomal recessive mutations SCID (Prkdcscid; resulting in a lack of functional T and B lymphocytes) and beige (Lystbg; resulting in cytotoxic T cell and macrophage defects as well as selective impairment of NK cell functions) (94). In compliance with the WHO recommendation (20), 10 animals were evaluated in each group. Tissues were harvested 4 months after implantation for gross appearance and histological assessments; however, teratomas were harvested before the 4-month endpoint when the animals' behaviors were affected (13, 93). Photos of harvested tissues were documented by an Olympus SZX12 microscope coupled with a DF PLAPO 1.2× PF object lens (Olympus) or a Canon EOS Rebel XSI camera coupled with an EF-S 60-mm lens and an MR-14EX Macro Ring Lite flashlight (Canon). Teratoma formation was assessed in a double-blind fashion. Following fixation, the teratomas were sectioned and stained with H&E, and then analyzed by a pathologist to examine the presence of cells from each of the 3 germ layers. Histological and immunological staining. Tissues were fixed in 4% paraformaldehyde (MilliporeSigma) for 24 hours, followed by dehydration and paraffin embedding. Five-micrometer sections were used for histological analysis with H&E and immunological staining. An antibody against ACTA1 (catalog ab28052, clone Alpha Sr-1, Abcam) was used to confirm myogenic differentiation, while antibodies against human MHC class I (catalog sc-25619, Santa Cruz Biotechnology) and human mitochondria (catalog MAB1273, clone 113-1, MilliporeSigma) were used for tracking human cells. In tissue that formed a teratoma, FOXA2 (catalog ab40874, Abcam) and type II collagen (catalog ab34712, Abcam) were used as markers of definitive endoderm-derivative and chondrocyte (mesenchymal/mesoderm-derivative) cells, respectively. DAPI was used for nuclear counterstaining. Statistics. All statistical analyses were conducted in consultation with the UCLA Statistical Biomathematical Consulting Clinic. Statistical analysis was computed by OriginPro 8 (OriginLab). Parametric data were compared by 1-way ANOVA and 2-sample t tests (1-tailed), while 1-tailed Mann-Whitney and Kruskal-Wallis ANOVA tests were used for nonparametric data. For all data presented in this article, P < 0.05 () was considered a suggestive difference, while P < 0.005 (*) was recognized as a statistically significant difference (95). Study approval. All animal surgeries were performed under institutionally approved protocols provided by Chancellor's Animal Research Committee at UCLA (protocol 2012-119). Data and materials availability. All data generated or analyzed during this study are included in this article (and its supplementary information files). The RNA-Seq data of FReP cells were submitted to the NIH Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO GSE104830). ZZ conceived and designed the study. ZZ, CL, PY, WJ, XP, and ZM performed the in vitro and in vivo experiments, data interpretation, and statistical analysis, except for the following: PH, GXC, and JKK performed the animal surgeries. XZ performed the pathological analysis of the teratomas. ZZ and CL wrote and revised the manuscript. EAB, CSH, and EC edited and proofread the manuscript. 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vised the entire study and approved the manuscript. All authors reviewed the final manuscript. The authorship order of the co–first authors was determined by flipping a coin. We thank Guopin Fan (David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA) for providing the BJ-iPSCs, and Matthew Schibler (California NanoSystems Institute Advanced Light Microscopy/Spectroscopy Shared Resource Facility, UCLA) for his assistance with the confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) analysis. This study was supported by a Faculty seed grant from the UCLA School of Dentistry, the Plastic Surgery Foundation (2013 National Endowment for Plastic Surgery 269698), an NIH/National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences UCLA CTSI Grant (UL1TR001881), and the International S&T Cooperation Program of China (grant 2013DFB30360). CLSM was performed at the Center for NanoScience Institute Advanced Light Microscopy/Spectroscopy Shared Resource Facility at UCLA. Conflict of interest: ZZ, KT, and CS are inventors on fibromodulin-related patents assigned to UCLA (ZL 201180023880.9; US 9,409,963 B2; US 9,885,014 B2; US 9,549,954 B2; US and 10,190,097 B2). ZZ, KT, and CS are founders of Scarless Laboratories Inc., which sublicenses fibromodulin-related patents from the University of California Board of Regents, which also holds equity in the company. ZZ and CS are also former and current officers, respectively, of Scarless Laboratories Inc. Neves J, Sousa-Victor P, Jasper H. Rejuvenating strategies for stem cell-based therapies in aging. Cell Stem Cell. 2017;20(2):161–175. Lye KL, Nordin N, Vidyadaran S, Thilakavathy K. Mesenchymal stem cells: from stem cells to sarcomas. Cell Biol Int. 2016;40(6):610–618. Akimoto K, et al. Umbilical cord blood-derived mesenchymal stem cells inhibit, but adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells promote, glioblastoma multiforme proliferation. Stem Cells Dev. 2013;22(9):1370–1386. Mason C, Dunnill P. 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Zheng Z, et al. Fibromodulin reduces scar formation in adult cutaneous wounds by eliciting a fetal-like phenotype. Signal Transduct Target Ther. 2017;2:17050. Bi Y, et al. Identification of tendon stem/progenitor cells and the role of the extracellular matrix in their niche. Nat Med. 2007;13(10):1219–1227. Li CJ, et al. Long noncoding RNA Bmncr regulates mesenchymal stem cell fate during skeletal aging. J Clin Invest. 2018;128(12):5251–5266. Fisch SC, et al. 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differentiating stress enduring cells (Muse cells): a seven-year retrospective. Stem Cell Res Ther. 2017;8(1):227. Hannon GJ, Beach D. p15INK4B is a potential effector of TGF-beta-induced cell cycle arrest. Nature. 1994;371(6494):257–261. De Braekeleer M, Douet-Guilbert N, De Braekeleer E. Prognostic impact of p15 gene aberrations in acute leukemia. Leuk Lymphoma. 2017;58(2):257–265. Li H, et al. The Ink4/Arf locus is a barrier for iPS cell reprogramming. Nature. 2009;460(7259):1136–1139. Mali P, et al. RNA-guided human genome engineering via Cas9. Science. 2013;339(6121):823–826. Li M, Suzuki K, Kim NY, Liu GH, Izpisua Belmonte JC. A cut above the rest: targeted genome editing technologies in human pluripotent stem cells. J Biol Chem. 2014;289(8):4594–4599. Ihry RJ, et al. p53 inhibits CRISPR-Cas9 engineering in human pluripotent stem cells. Nat Med. 2018;24(7):939–946. Tsai SQ, Joung JK. Defining and improving the genome-wide specificities of CRISPR-Cas9 nucleases. Nat Rev Genet. 2016;17(5):300–312. [No authors listed]. Keep off-target effects in focus. Nat Med. 2018;24(8):1081. Yamanaka S. A fresh look at iPS cells. Cell. 2009;137(1):13–17. Zheng Z, et al. Delayed wound closure in fibromodulin-deficient mice is associated with increased TGF-β3 signaling. J Invest Dermatol. 2011;131(3):769–778. Crisan M, et al. A perivascular origin for mesenchymal stem cells in multiple human organs. Cell Stem Cell. 2008;3(3):301–313. Singh Roy N, Nakano T, Xuing L, Kang J, Nedergaard M, Goldman SA. Enhancer-specified GFP-based FACS purification of human spinal motor neurons from embryonic stem cells. Exp Neurol. 2005;196(2):224–234. Nizzardo M, et al. Human motor neuron generation from embryonic stem cells and induced pluripotent stem cells. Cell Mol Life Sci. 2010;67(22):3837–3847. D'Amour KA, Agulnick AD, Eliazer S, Kelly OG, Kroon E, Baetge EE. Efficient differentiation of human embryonic stem cells to definitive endoderm. Nat Biotechnol. 2005;23(12):1534–1541. Huangfu D, et al. Induction of pluripotent stem cells from primary human fibroblasts with only Oct4 and Sox2. Nat Biotechnol. 2008;26(11):1269–1275. Huang da W, Sherman BT, Lempicki RA. Bioinformatics enrichment tools: paths toward the comprehensive functional analysis of large gene lists. Nucleic Acids Res. 2009;37(1):1–13. R Core Team. 2014. R: a language and environment for statistical computing. 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Oleg Nikolajewitsch Karawajew (* 20. Mai 1936 in Minsk; † 23. August 1978 ebenda) war ein sowjetischer Ringer. Er war Olympiasieger 1960 in Rom. Werdegang Oleg Karawajew stammt aus Belarus und begann als Jugendlicher mit dem Ringen. Als Student wurde er Mitglied von "Burewestnik" Minsk und entwickelte sich dort zu einem hervorragenden Ringer im griechisch-römischen Stil. Von 1956 bis 1960 und 1962 wurde er sowjetischer Meister im Bantamgewicht. 1957 vor Konstantin Wyrupajew aus Irkutsk und L. Fishman aus Kiew. Er wurde daraufhin bei der Weltmeisterschaft 1958 in Budapest eingesetzt und rechtfertigte dort das in ihn gesetzte Vertrauen mit dem Gewinn des Weltmeistertitels im Bantamgewicht. Er benötigte dazu sieben Siege und bezwang im Finale Yasar Yilmaz aus der Türkei. 1959, einem Jahr, in dem keine Weltmeisterschaften im griech.-röm.Stil stattfanden, siegte Oleg auch bei der II. Spartakiade der UdSSR im Bantamgewicht vor Olympiasieger Boris Gurewitsch und Georgi Tschitschuaschwili aus Georgien. 1960 schaffte er die Qualifikation für die Olympischen Spiele in Rom durch einen Sieg bei der sowjetischen Meisterschaft vor Boris Gurewitsch und Amari Egadse aus Tiflis. In Rom war Oleg in Bestform und wurde mit sechs Siegen Olympiasieger. Ion Cernea aus Rumänien und Dinko Petrow aus Bulgarien waren dabei seine härtesten Gegner. 1961 gelang Oleg mit dem Gewinn des Weltmeistertitels im Bantamgewicht bei der Weltmeisterschaft in Yokohama der dritte große Sieg in Folge. Nach einjähriger Pause startete er wieder bei der Weltmeisterschaft 1963 in Helsingborg. Nach einem Unentschieden gegen Ion Cernea in der vierten Runde unterlag er dabei dem Ungarn János Varga in der fünften Runde und kam so nur auf den 4. Platz. Bei den sowjetischen Meisterschaften 1964 scheiterte Oleg an Wladlen Trostjanski und verpasste damit die Olympiateilnahme in Tokio. Er beendete daraufhin seine internationale Ringerlaufbahn. Von 1971 bis 1978 arbeitete er als Trainer in Minsk. Er geriet 1978 in eine Lebenskrise und nahm sich am 23. August 1978 das Leben. Internationale Erfolge (OS = Olympische Spiele, WM = Weltmeisterschaft, GR = griech.-röm. Stil, Ba = Bantamgewicht, bis 57 kg Körpergewicht) 1957, 1. Platz, III. Intern. Sportspiele in Moskau, GR, Ba, vor Dinko Petrow, Bulgarien und Francisc Horvath, Rumänien; 1958, 1. Platz, WM in Budapest, GR, Ba, mit Siegen über Poul Andersen, Dänemark, Imre Hódos, Ungarn, Dinko Petrow, Jiří Švec, CSSR, Lothar Fischer, DDR, Ion Cernea, Rumänien und Yasar Yilmaz, Türkei; 1960, Goldmedaille, OS in Rom, GR, Ba, mit Siegen über Jon Tveiten, Norwegen, Arthur Spaenhoven, Belgien, Michel Nakouzi, Libanon, Stipan Dora, Jugoslawien, Masamitsu Ichiguchi, Japan und Ion Cernea; 1961, 1. Platz, WM in Yokohama, GR, Ba, mit Siegen über Ion Cernea, János Varga, Ungarn und Bernard Knitter, Polen und einem Unentschieden gegen Jiří Švec, CSSR; 1963, 4. 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Fort LeBoeuf's Guarriello golden at D-10 wrestling championships Mike Copper @ETNCopper SHARON -- Harbor Creek's Sam Sallot and Fort LeBoeuf's Abe Guarriello briefly chatted while they waited for their call to the podium during Monday's District 10 Class AA wrestling tournament. The casual way the duo spoke demonstrated a familiarity the 106-pounders have developed after their fourth meeting this season. That Guarriello has won all four of those matches probably left him a little more eager to chat than the Huskies freshman. Guarriello received the first of 14 gold medals handed out Monday thanks to his huge third period. The Bison junior managed to escape from the bottom position to record the two points that gave him a 6-5 lead, and then turned the maneuver into a pin of Sallot with 5 seconds left in regulation. "This was the closest of our matches," Guarriello, who also decisioned Sallot 6-1 in the Section 1-AA final. "He was good (Monday), but I'm very good from the top. I knew once I got on top (in the third) that I could put him on his back." Guarriello ended up Erie County's only winner for the meet, which concluded two days later than planned because of frigid weather that continues to plague northwestern Pennsylvania. D-10 officials scrapped the tournament's original weekend schedule Thursday. All of the tournament's previous rounds were held Saturday, with the first-, third- and fifth-place matches rescheduled Monday. Regardless of how they fared, those who competed were assured of returning to Sharon for this Friday's Northwest Region Class AA tournament. LeBoeuf's Isaac Bengel and Garrett Reinwald sought to join Guarriello as D-10 champs, but lost their respective championship finals. Bengel had the difficult task of beating Saegertown senior Tyler Vath if he wanted to win it all at 138. Vath, though, needed less than 2 minutes to demonstrate there would be no eye-opening upset. The Edinboro University recruit led 13-4 after the first period, and then pinned Bengel in 3 minutes, 27 seconds to officially join the elite list of four-time D-10 winners. "It's been a goal of mine for a long time," Vath said of his accomplishment. "As a freshman, I didn't really know if I could do that, but then it turned into a goal. Now, I'm really glad I got it done. I'm excited about it." Reinwald was last season's D-10 victor at 195. But instead of going for back-to-back titles, the LeBoeuf senior chose to drop to 182 for his last high school postseason. Reinwald still could have departed as a two-time D-10 winner had he defeated Dakota Geer, but the Franklin junior spoiled those plans with a 6-0 win. Geer made some acrobatic shot attempts finally pay off when he recorded a 3-point near-fall in the waning seconds of the second period. He then added insurance with an escape point and another takedown in the third. Reinwald sought his 101st career victory after reaching the century mark with Saturday's 2-1 overtime victory against Greenville's Gage Gladysz in the 182 semifinals. Seneca's Adam Fish represented the county's fourth chance for a first-place medalist. Fish drew Saegertown's Nick Monico in the 145 final. Monico took advantage of his off-balance opponent for a first-period takedown that he sustained for a 2-0 decision. Vath and Monico were two of four D-10 champs for Saegertown, which finished second to Reynolds in the tournament's team standings. The Raiders won four consecutive lightweight finals and boasted six overall. Saegertown 195-pounder Dylan Reynolds stayed unbeaten on the season by beating Greenville's Zach Miller 11-5 in the finals. Cody Mulligan also won the 160-pound title. 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Return to Book Reviews Black Feathers by Joseph D'Lacey Publisher: Angry Robot Paperback (416pp) If the punchy, sexually-charged pulp of 2012's Blood Fugue marked a welcome return to novel-writing for Joseph D'Lacey, Black Feathers marks an even more welcome return to the visionary eco-horror of his first two novels. It is also D'Lacey's most ambitious work yet. The first in the 'Black Dawn' series of novels, Black Feathers consists of two intertwined storylines; those of Gordon Black and Megan Maurice. The first takes place in our very near future – Gordon Black's birth, marked by mysterious signs and portents, takes place in a Britain increasingly scarred by ecological disasters, economic crisis, creeping totalitarianism and the rising power of the corporate militia called the Ward. The Black family – country-raised father Louis, urbanite mother Sophie, sullen Angela and nurturing Judith – struggle to keep going in their isolated farmstead, until the day the Wardsmen, led by the vicious Ward Sheriff Archibald Skelton and his terrifying henchman Mordaunt Pike, come to take them away. Only Gordon escapes, but as the boy soon learns, he's the one the Wardsmen want. On the run, hounded by Pike and Skelton, Gordon learns of a mysterious, half-mythic figure known as the Crowman, Black Jack and the Scarecrow. Some prophecies claim the Crowman is a destroyer, others a saviour, but all agree that a terrible catastrophe is coming, and that he'll be at the heart of it. And Gordon discovers that he has a mission, has done since his birth, to find the Crowman. Hundreds of years later, in the agrarian, animistic society that has arisen in the aftermath of the great disaster, Megan Maurice's parents summon the local shaman, Mr Keeper, to visit her after she sees the Crowman in the woods. Megan has been chosen to become Keeper's apprentice and to succeed him in time. But Megan, too, has a prophecy to fulfil and a quest to undertake. Her success or failure will determine the earth's future. Each storyline is fascinating and gripping in its own right; as the novel gathers pace they grow more and more closely intertwined. D'Lacey is a compelling prose stylist, able to weave a terrible lyric beauty out of atrocity and cataclysm. His characterisation, too, is deft – he's as capable at evoking loveable characters such as Louis' parents, his sister Jude and the kindly but mysterious Mr Keeper, as he is at creating almost Dickensian grotesques like Skelton, Pike and the vicious paedophile Grimwold. D'Lacey both brings to life the rustic world and simple faith of Megan Maurice and weaves magic into the world we know. Black Feathers reads like the post-apocalyptic novel you always wished Graham Joyce would write. It isn't perfectly flawless – the dialogue D'Lacey puts in his characters' mouths clunks at times – but it fuses a host of contemporary concerns and dreads (climate change, peak oil, recession, the ruthless cutting of public services, the erosion of civil liberties and the relentless growth of corporate control over public policy) together with science fiction, fantasy, Machenesque horror and D'Lacey's Gaian concerns into a rich, dark and compelling fable for our times. On top of everything else, D'Lacey is a compelling storyteller. From the first lines, Black Feathers weaves a mesmerising spell. The second half of the story is still to come, and on this novel's evidence it will be well worth waiting for. Joseph D'Lacey is back with a vengeance, and it's like he never went away. "Black Feathers by Joseph D'Lacey is a complex, multi-faceted addition to the post-apocalypse canon. It has the assured touch of a writer with several well received books to his name and a trust in his readers to be patient as he weaves together two distinct narrative	2.402841	0.997091	0.932444	0.633819	[ 2.0138533820886635, 2.7918290257599594 ]	[ 1.1618291354211208, 0.8323534764601325 ]	[ 0.6991093360994158, 1.1657776847701213 ]	[ 0.5661833380301886, 0.7014545919793387 ]	1,024	[ 512, 512 ]	[ 7106, 304, 6726, 830, 7406, 13, 18700, 5169, 19467, 491, 6936, 360, 29915, 29931, 815, 29891, 13, 21076, 1674, 261, 29901, 530, 14793, 6417, 327, 13, 29925, 7202, 1627, 313, 29946, 29896, 29953, 407, 29897, 13, 3644, 278, 282, 3322, 29891, 29892, 7916, 1474, 29899, 25389, 287, 9505, 29886, 310, 29871, 29906, 29900, 29896, 29906, 29915, 29879, 25122, 383, 688, 434, 10902, 263, 12853, 736, 304, 9554, 29899, 16554, 363, 6936, 360, 29915, 29931, 815, 29891, 29892, 6054, 5169, 19467, 17997, 385, 1584, 901, 12853, 736, 304, 278, 18551, 653, 321, 1111, 29899, 2015, 729, 310, 670, 937, 1023, 2420, 1379, 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mennobytes a look inside MennoMedia News from MennoMedia Herald Press Anabaptist prayer book now available on app Posted on November 27, 2017 by MennoMedia Mobile app extends global reach of Herald Press Anabaptist prayer book Format and versatility appeal to users across cultures and Christian traditions By Annette Brill Bergstresser ELKHART, Indiana (Anabaptist Mennonite Biblical Seminary) — Users in 15 countries across six continents have downloaded a new free mobile app version of Take Our Moments and Our Days: An Anabaptist Prayer Book in the four weeks since its launch on Oct. 23. The app contains the entire text of both print volumes of the prayer book — Ordinary Time and Advent through Pentecost — which were published in 2007 and 2010 by Herald Press in collaboration with the Institute of Mennonite Studies (IMS), the research agency of Anabaptist Mennonite Biblical Seminary (AMBS) in Elkhart, Indiana. "In its new electronic guise, Take Our Moments is a resource for people on the go and for ad hoc groups," said Eleanor Kreider, an author and former long-term mission worker in the United Kingdom who was part of the editorial group that developed the prayer books at AMBS over a period of seven years. "Being able to offer the content via a free app also removes barriers of cost and shipping." Kreider noted that the morning and evening prayer services — whose Anabaptist "flavor" is conveyed through the predominance of Jesus' voice, space for communal reflection on Scripture, and the choices of Bible readings — have appealed to users across various cultures, languages and Christian traditions. Members of the AMBS community gather in the Chapel of the Word for weekly prayers with Take Our Moments and Our Days, an Anabaptist prayer book published by Herald Press in collaboration with the Institute of Mennonite Studies. (Credit: Annette Brill Bergstresser) She recalled a time when she and her late husband, Alan Kreider, were asked to lead morning prayers for an ecumenical workshop and chose to use the prayer book. "We were astonished at the universal delight in Take Our Moments," she said. "The Anglicans recognized the overall structure of the Daily Office, the Baptists liked the emphasis on biblical words, the Pentecostals felt at home with the free prayers and the Mennonites loved to pray through the songs." The Ordinary Time volume — which contains a four-week cycle of prayers based on the Lord's Prayer, the Beatitudes, Jesus' parables and Jesus' miracles — has been published in French and Korean. Kreider is aware of German, Spanish, Lithuanian and Japanese Christians who are using the services, too. She said she has heard many reports of both individual and corporate uses of the prayer services, from committee meeting devotions, morning worship for small congregations and pastoral prayers to personal and small-group prayer times. "A married couple who had never prayed together because of differing pieties found they could now do so, using the prayer book, because it provided both prescribed biblical wordings and places for free prayers," she said. She added that families who have never held devotions have told her that the prayer book has enabled them to enjoy reading Scripture and praying together, with school-age children helping lead and younger ones offering their own prayers of thanks and petitions. "Also, young people who are embarrassed to pray aloud in free fashion have responded positively to the format," she said. "Several voices can lead, and the petitions can be filled in with simple words or silence." IMS Managing Editor Barb Nelson Gingerich, who oversaw development of the app, said that users of the print volumes had been asking for a digital version. Gifts from several donors, including the Anabaptist Foundation in Vancouver, British Columbia, made it possible for IMS to contract with James Stuckey Weber to design it. It's available for both Apple and Android devices. The app's settings enable users to select which version of a doxology, a scriptural canticle and the Lord's Prayer they wish to use, Gingerich said. 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Mr. Darcy FOREVER!!! More Pride and Prejudice Adaptions to LOVE!! March 13, 2019 by Margiesmustreads · Leave a Comment Genres: Austenesque, Chic-Lit, Contemporary Romance, Diverse Books, Mr. Darcy Romance, Reading Diversely, Retellings, Romance I live for Pride and Prejudice Adaptions!! They are my absolute favorite!!! Here are a few I have read recently and absolutely ADORED!!! Read On Janeites!!! MR. DARCY FOREVER!!! Award-winning author Sonali Dev launches a new series about the Rajes, an immigrant Indian family descended from royalty, who have built their lives in San Francisco… It is a truth universally acknowledged that only in an overachieving Indian American family can a genius daughter be considered a black sheep. Dr. Trisha Raje is San Francisco's most acclaimed neurosurgeon. But that's not enough for the Rajes, her influential immigrant family who's achieved power by making its own non-negotiable rules: · Never trust an outsider · Never do anything to jeopardize your brother's political aspirations · And never, ever, defy your family Trisha is guilty of breaking all three rules. But now she has a chance to redeem herself. So long as she doesn't repeat old mistakes. Up-and-coming chef DJ Caine has known people like Trisha before, people who judge him by his rough beginnings and place pedigree above character. He needs the lucrative job the Rajes offer, but he values his pride too much to indulge Trisha's arrogance. And then he discovers that she's the only surgeon who can save his sister's life. As the two clash, their assumptions crumble like the spun sugar on one of DJ's stunning desserts. But before a future can be savored there's a past to be reckoned with… A family trying to build home in a new land. A man who has never felt at home anywhere. And a choice to be made between the two. Pride and Prejudice gets remixed in this smart, funny, gorgeous retelling of the classic, starring all characters of color, from Ibi Zoboi, National Book Award finalist and author of American Street. Zuri Benitez has pride. Brooklyn pride, family pride, and pride in her Afro-Latino roots. But pride might not be enough to save her rapidly gentrifying neighborhood from becoming unrecognizable. When the wealthy Darcy family moves in across the street, Zuri wants nothing to do with their two teenage sons, even as her older sister, Janae, starts to fall for the charming Ainsley. She especially can't stand the judgmental and arrogant Darius. Yet as Zuri and Darius are forced to find common ground, their initial dislike shifts into an unexpected understanding. But with four wild sisters pulling her in different directions, cute boy Warren vying for her attention, and college applications hovering on the horizon, Zuri fights to find her place in Bushwick's changing landscape, or lose it all. In a timely update of Jane Austen's Pride and Prejudice, critically acclaimed author Ibi Zoboi skillfully balances cultural identity, class, and gentrification against the heady magic of first love in her vibrant reimagining of this beloved classic. In the summer of 2016, Elisa Benitez heads home from college to help her family clean cabins. When her older sister falls hard for one of the elite guests, Elisa foresees heartbreak. Her sister is a Dreamer, an undocumented immigrant, and he's a state representative. Even worse is his infuriating friend Darcy! He's arrogant and rude, and an overheard comment sounds racist, too. If her sister is right that he's hitting on her, well, that makes it worse. Darcy certainly didn't intend to fall for a beautiful, opinionated Latina on his short vacation to the mountains. Elisa would sooner turn off his hot-water heater than agree with him about anything. Why is debating with her more fun than agreeing with anyone else? But to Elisa these issues aren't theoretical, and the debates aren't fun. 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parents are scared to go to the police, Darcy realizes just how serious she is. And how serious his own feelings have become. Pride and Prejudice and Passports is a modern retelling with heart and wit, a sweet romance that brings Darcy and Elizabeth to life all over again. A modern-day Muslim Pride and Prejudice for a new generation of love. Ayesha Shamsi has a lot going on. Her dreams of being a poet have been set aside for a teaching job so she can pay off her debts to her wealthy uncle. She lives with her boisterous Muslim family and is always being reminded that her flighty younger cousin, Hafsa, is close to rejecting her one hundredth marriage proposal. Though Ayesha is lonely, she doesn't want an arranged marriage. Then she meets Khalid who is just as smart and handsome as he is conservative and judgmental. She is irritatingly attracted to someone who looks down on her choices and dresses like he belongs in the seventh century. When a surprise engagement is announced between Khalid and Hafsa, Ayesha is torn between how she feels about the straightforward Khalid and the unsettling new gossip she hears about his family. Looking into the rumors, she finds she has to deal with not only what she discovers about Khalid, but also the truth she realizes about herself. In this one-of-a-kind retelling of Pride and Prejudice set in modern-day Pakistan, Alys Binat has sworn never to marry—until an encounter with one Mr. Darsee at a wedding makes her reconsider. A scandal and vicious rumor concerning the Binat family have destroyed their fortune and prospects for desirable marriages, but Alys, the second and most practical of the five Binat daughters, has found happiness teaching English literature to schoolgirls. Knowing that many of her students won't make it to graduation before dropping out to marry and have children, Alys teaches them about Jane Austen and her other literary heroes and hopes to inspire the girls to dream of more. When an invitation arrives to the biggest wedding their small town has seen in years, Mrs. Binat, certain that their luck is about to change, excitedly sets to work preparing her daughters to fish for rich, eligible bachelors. On the first night of the festivities, Alys's lovely older sister, Jena, catches the eye of Fahad "Bungles" Bingla, the wildly successful—and single—entrepreneur. But Bungles's friend Valentine Darsee is clearly unimpressed by the Binat family. Alys accidentally overhears his unflattering assessment of her and quickly dismisses him and his snobbish ways. As the days of lavish wedding parties unfold, the Binats wait breathlessly to see if Jena will land a proposal—and Alys begins to realize that Darsee's brusque manner may be hiding a very different man from the one she saw at first glance. Told with wry wit and colorful prose, Unmarriageable is a charming update on Jane Austen's beloved novel and an exhilarating exploration of love, marriage, class, and sisterhood. Darcy Bennet lives to be on the ice. When the other little girls were watching the Olympics and dreaming of figure-skating, she was dreaming of representing her country not with skates but with a broom. At seventeen, Darcy still has Olympic dreams, but she has more immediate concerns. Like getting her team to Regionals, making sure she's accepted by the local college, and convincing her best-friend and team skip not to go to a university on the other side of the continent. And, possibly most important of all, resisting the urge to kill Lucas Fitzwilliam. 'Cause he may be really annoying, but Darcy's pretty sure they don't have curling in prison. Entrepreneur, Elizabeth Bennet, has opened her new establishment, The Longbourn Beanery, just a few short blocks from The Pemberley Corporation in New York City. While former Pemberley employee-turned-activist, George Wickham, leads OCCUPY PEMBERLEY, Mr. Darcy, CEO, must make a decision. Will he continue to hold stock positions in corporations that treat coffee farmers unfairly, but make his shareholders happy? 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invest ethically? Elizabeth Bennet just might be the right person to enlighten him on a few things and perhaps even steal his heart. Pride and Prejudice and Coffee is a contemporary Austenesque novelette, which briefly explores today's coffee industry. It is a truth universally acknowledged that first impressions are a bitch. In a sea of college freshmen, Elizabeth Bennet feels more like a den mother than a returning student. She'd rather be playing Exploding Kittens than dodge-the-gropers at a frat party, but no way was she letting her innocent, doe-eyed roommate go alone. Everything about Meryton College screams old money—something she and Jane definitely are not—but Elizabeth resolves to enjoy herself. That resolve is tested—and so is her temper—when she meets Will Darcy, a pompous blowhole with no sense of fun, and his relentlessly charming wingman, Charlie. Back at school after prolonged break, Will Darcy is far too old and weary for coeds. Yet even he can see why Charlie spontaneously decides the captivating Jane is "the one." What throws Will is his own reaction to Jane's roommate. Elizabeth's moonlight skin and shining laugh hit him like a sucker punch. And he doesn't like it. Elizabeth Bennet is dangerous, not only because she has a gift for making him make an ass of himself, but because she and her razor-sharp wit could too easily throw his life off course, and he can't afford for that to happen again. Yet he also can't seem to stay away. When their rumored engagement supposedly takes the new Earl off the marriage mart, Elizabeth Bennet finds herself subject to public scrutiny like never before. With a title between them, how can Mr. Darcy marry her now? A Jane Austen Pride and Prejudice Variation Returning home from Kent, Elizabeth Bennet is still distressed over Mr. Darcy's insulting marriage proposal. However, her attention is diverted by the local militia commander who asks her to observe Wickham, now suspected of being a French spy. Pretending to be besotted with Wickham, Elizabeth accompanies the regiment when they relocate to Brighton. Darcy arrives at Longbourn with the intention of making amends to Elizabeth, only to discover that she is now at Brighton with Wickham. Desperate to save her from the scoundrel, Darcy follows her to the seaside, where he hopes to woo her away from the other man. Deception piles on top of deception as Elizabeth attempts to carry out her mission without betraying confidences—or breaking Darcy's heart. However, the French plot runs deeper than she knows; soon she and Darcy are plunged into the confusing and dangerous world of international espionage. Can Darcy and Elizabeth escape with their lives and their love intact? In this modern Pride and Prejudice variation, Captain William "Fitz" Darcy has just received a new assignment as an instructor pilot at Meryton Air Force Base. Soon he meets the intrepid 2nd Lieutenant Elizabeth Bennet, a new student at the base that he cannot keep out of his head. Elizabeth, on the other hand, finds Captain Darcy to be arrogant and prideful and attempts to avoid him at every turn. Despite Darcy's insulting manners, Elizabeth soars her way through pilot training, but can she soar her way into love as well? Read Them ALL!!! MR. DARCY FOREVER!!! Must Read!! The Friend Zone by Kristen Callihan Release Blast! I'LL BE THERE by Samantha Chase Michael Reviews Harry Potter and the Sorcerer's Stone THE CORNER OF FOREVER AND ALWAYS by: Lia Riley Grand Slam by: Heidi McLaughlin Fighting Solitude by Aly Martinez A GENTLEMAN NEVER TELLS by Eloisa James EXCERPT & GIVEAWAY! Love Between the Covers: A Documentary Film Release Week Blitz! Holding Strong by Lori Foster STILL by Kennedy Ryan BLOG TOUR STOP! 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Reviews » Blu-ray Reviews » Contempt -- StudioCanal Collection (Blu-ray) Contempt -- StudioCanal Collection (Blu-ray) Lionsgate Home Entertainment // Unrated // February 16, 2010 // Region A Review by Thomas Spurlin \| posted February 8, 2010 \| E-mail the Author Contempt (Le Mepris) is a challenge, an odd thing for it to be seeing as how it's Jean-Luc Godard's closest attempt at creating mainstream cinema. Conversations are stilted and uncomfortable, the characters rarely appealing, and the relationships developing are clearly headed towards a brick wall; however, that's all the intent of the French auteur's film, as the title suggests. We're wrapped up in the developing scorn between two individuals in a relationship, as well as the blossoming malice between a writer and producer attempting to adapt a classic piece of literature into a film. And, from start to finish, the material is taxing to endless degrees within its irregular brashness, yet not without reward once we've discovered which of the stirring, forlorn entities in the picture we identify with the most. More specifically, the film is set in Italy, where famed filmmaker Fritz Lang is directing an adaptation of The Odyssey. American producer Jerry Prokosch (Jack Palance) isn't happy with Lang's vision, as he's constructed an arthouse variation of a story that's often told with blossoming action and bombast. As a result, Prokosch has hired a supplemental writer, playwright Paul Javal (Michel Piccoli), to perform a reconstruction on the script to better create a piece of work that's more profitable instead of artistically inclined. Therein lays the first of Contempt's conflicts, pitting Javal, an artist himself, squarely between the creation of a piece of work from a great director and a studio's desire to turn a profit on a picture -- and the banter that ensues between him and the smarmy American producer. However, it's the layer underneath this that we're more fixated on, being the collapsing marriage between Paul and his stunning wife Camille (Brigitte Bardot). Opening shots in the film indicate a deep sense of affection between the two, as Paul compliments each of Camille's nude body parts as a gesture of reassurance, but her mood quickly changes after she spends an afternoon with the flamboyant Prokosch. Contempt wryly fixates on a lengthy back-and-for between the married couple at the center of the film, where their relationship begins to show rickety leaks like cracks in an aging boat. Within that, we're bearing witness to a growing sense of revulsion building between them, one that mirrors a collage of many of the statements heard during the crumble of a marriage between two loving people with differing outlooks. They discuss sex and affection, but it's more of a dance around a fact they're both fully aware of -- the reasoning behind Camille's muted, saddened disposition around her husband. As compelling as it is to watch, Contempt is also tough to swallow down. Our locations rarely shift, staying within the confines of the desolate yet striking white apartment for the larger part of the picture, while banter about the fabric of interwoven relationships -- oftentimes double-translated through several languages -- becomes the sole focus. Godard wants us to parallel the conflicts between the characters to The Odyssey, to a degree, illustrating the comparison between barreling through a relationship to that of a tragic journey rife with stumbling blocks that shape a person's disposition. He succeeds, but not in creating a pleasurable film; watching Camille's rash shifts in manner, and paying attention to Paul's prying reactions to her changes, are discomforting. However, the natural performances are gripping enough from both actors to hold our prickly focus, especially from the wide-eyed Brigitte Bardot as a pained wife with a not-so-hush-hush secret. Paul's banter with the American producer constructs an equally demanding dynamic, both between them and with Camille in the mix. 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of a cartoon figure with subsequent films. Their disagreement illustrates the state of cinema at the time as well, with Palance's arrogant producer as a representation of the business-minded state of cinema usurping the arty segment of filmmaking. They sit down to watch a screening of the picture with director Fritz Lang in a somewhat stale, melancholy screening room, and -- though vexed by the lead actress' nude figure -- Prokosch stirs around in the room and clamors about it deviating from the script. It's a moment where we witness the rebirth of a slain piece of art into something commercial by the person controlling the cash flow, something that mirrors a conflict behind the scenes of Godard's film itself regarding the presence of Bardot's nude form in the film. Though Contempt is a stiff projection of relationships, Godard makes certain to retain his sense of free-form, abstract beauty as well. He makes usage of iconic images of Greek statues to break from the film's rigid atmosphere, using silky blues and expansive oceanside vistas to paint a beautiful image of the work Fritz Lang would've created with Homer's story. These images accomplish exactly what they're supposed to do: make us ponder about what this version of The Odyssey would've been like, one that emphasizes artistic integrity and poeticism instead of moneybag-driven whims. That's a lingering thought as we're witnessing the battle over the content, adding to the overall themes revolving around the defeat of integrity and giving in to a situation. In a way, these images are sad as well, mostly because of the fact that they're ghosts of a creation that'd never happen -- which also tie to the ghosts of a grand relationship crumbling before our eyes with Paul and Camille. Because of all this, and because of the presence of Brigitte Bardot, Contempt also exists as Godard's most expensive picture, a "larger"-budget foray into explorative art that's as salacious as its title. We're literally witnessing "contempt" manifest on-screen, which isn't exactly the most pleasant of things to delve into within a piece of cinema. The scary thing about it might come at the moment when a line of dialogue sounds eerily similar to something you've said in a conversation with a significant other, ranging from the scant high points where Paul and Camille are civil to the even more frightening lows when they're passive-aggressively clamoring at each other's throats. This isn't so much a production about the destruction of something beautiful, but the demise of an assortment of things due to whims and ideals not lining up the way they should. Godard's picture is tough and very calculated, but it's magnetic because of what it says during its deliberate drudge with the audience. The Blu-ray: Lionsgate's presentation of the StudioCanal Series differ a bit from the versions found in other locations, opting away from the Blu-ray books for the more standard-size packaging. Each one comes with a matte cardboard slipcover, not shiny, that retains the same artwork found in other locations, while a nice-sized booklet with textual information can be found inside each case. Once the disc is fired up, a wide range of countries can be selected -- Australia, Danmark, Deutschland, Espana, France, Nederland, Norge, Suomi, Sverige, United Kingdom, US, and China -- that tailor to the menu design. Each of the StudioCanal discs have the same aesthetic framework for their Blu-ray menus, containing the same music and coloring for each. Contempt's 2.35:1 1080p AVC encode, handled by StudioCanal and distributed to its many outlets, is a largely successful affair in translating this film properly to high-definition. Most notably, detail has been tightened to a great degree, emphasizing texture in the Grecian statues and the exterior locales to pleasing degrees -- if a bit on the soft side. The color timing differs some from the standard-definition Criterion release, holding a much more balanced palette (check out the control held over red saturation throughout) and a brighter overall look to the print. 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O Pacto Molotov–Ribbentrop, também conhecido como Pacto Nazi–Soviético, Pacto de Não Agressão Germano–Soviético ou Pacto de Não Agressão Germano Nazi-Soviético (oficialmente: Tratado de Não Agressão entre a Alemanha e a União das Repúblicas Socialistas Soviéticas), foi um pacto de neutralidade entre a Alemanha Nazista e a União Soviética assinado em Moscou, em 23 de agosto de 1939, pelos ministros dos Negócios Estrangeiros Joachim von Ribbentrop e Viatcheslav Molotov, respectivamente. A este pacto seguiu-se o Acordo Comercial Germano-Soviético em fevereiro de 1940. O pacto estabelecia esferas de influência entre as duas potências, confirmadas pelo protocolo suplementar do Tratado da Fronteira Germano–Soviético alterado depois da invasão conjunta da Polônia. O pacto manteve-se em vigor durante dois anos, até o dia do ataque da Alemanha às posições soviéticas na Polónia Oriental durante a Operação Barbarossa, em 22 de junho de 1941. As cláusulas do pacto entre os nazistas e os soviéticos incluíam uma garantia escrita de não beligerância de parte a parte, nenhum dos governos se aliaria a, ou ajudaria, um inimigo da outra parte. Para além do estabelecido sobre não agressão, o tratado incluía um protocolo secreto que dividia os territórios da Polônia, Lituânia, Letônia, Estônia, Finlândia e Romênia, em esferas de influência alemãs e soviéticas, antecipando uma "reorganização territorial e política" destes países. Em 1 de Setembro de 1939, ocorreu a Invasão da Polônia. O líder soviético, Josef Stalin, deu ordem para a invasão da Polônia a 17 de Setembro, um dia após o cessar-fogo em Khalkhin Gol. Em novembro, partes das regiões da Carélia e Salla na Finlândia foram anexadas pela União Soviética depois da Guerra de Inverno. Seguidamente, os soviéticos anexaram a Estónia, a Letónia, a Lituânia e partes da Roménia (Bessarábia, o Norte de Bucovina e a região de Herța). A preocupação anunciada sobre os ucranianos étnicos e bielorrussos foi apresentada como justificativa para a invasão soviética da Polónia. A invasão de Bucovina por Stalin em 1940, violou o pacto pois ia além da esfera de influências acordada com o Eixo. Os territórios polacos anexados pela União Soviética depois da invasão nazi-soviética da Polónia mantiveram-se na URSS no final da Segunda Guerra Mundial. A nova fronteira foi estabelecida ao longo da Linha Curzon. Apenas a região em redor de Białystok e uma pequena parte da Galícia a este do rio San junto a Przemyśl, foram devolvidas ao estado polaco a partir dessa linha. De todos os outros territórios anexados pela URSS em 1939–40, aqueles separados da Finlândia (Carélia, Pechengsky ), Estónia (área de Íngria e condado de Petseri) e Letónia (Abrene) permaneceram na Rússia, o estado sucessor da URSS depois da dissolução da União Soviética em 1991. O Norte de Bucovina, o Sul da Bessarábia e Herta mantiveram-se na Ucrânia. A existência de um protocolo em segredo foi negada pelo governo soviético até 1989, quando foi finalmente reconhecido e denunciado. Vladimir Putin, embora condene o pacto e o caracter

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ize como "imoral", também defende que o pacto era um mal necessário. Antecedentes O resultado da Primeira Guerra Mundial foi desastroso tanto para o Reich Alemão como para a Rússia. Durante a guerra, os bolcheviques lutaram pela sobrevivência, e Vladimir Lenin reconheceu a independência da Finlândia, da Estônia, da Letônia, da Lituânia e da Polônia. Além disso, diante de um avanço militar alemão, Lenin e Trotsky foram forçados a fazer parte do Tratado de Brest-Litovski, que cedeu muitos territórios russos ocidentais ao Império Alemão. Após o colapso da Alemanha, um exército multinacional aliado interveio na Guerra Civil Russa (1917–22). Em 16 de abril de 1922, a Alemanha e a União Soviética fizeram o Tratado de Rapallo, nos termos do qual ambos renunciaram a reclamar territórios e a créditos financeiros entre eles. Cada lado ainda se comprometeu a ter uma posição de neutralidade em caso de um ataque contra o outro no Tratado de Berlim de 1926. Embora o comércio entre os dois países tenha caído drasticamente após a Primeira Guerra Mundial, a assinatura de acordos de comércio em meados da década de 1920 ajudaram a aumentar o comércio para 433 milhões de Reichsmarks por ano por volta de 1927. No início da década de 1930, a ascensão ao poder do Partido Nazi aumentou as tensões entre a Alemanha e a União Soviética e a outros países com cidadãos de etnia eslava, que eram considerados "Untermenschen" (inferiores; sub-humanos) de acordo com a ideologia racial nazi. Além disso, os nazis antissemitas associavam os judeus ao comunismo e ao capitalismo financeiro, aos quais eles se opunham. As teorias nazis consideravam que os eslavos na União Soviética estavam a ser governados por "mestres judeus bolcheviques". Em 1934, o próprio Adolf Hitler referiu uma inevitável batalha contra o pan-eslavismo e neo-eslavismo, a vitória que poderia levar a um "domínio do mundo" permanente, embora tenha afirmado que "fariam o caminho a pé com os russos, se eles nos ajudassem." A manifestação resultante do anti-bolchevismo alemão e um aumento da dívida externa soviética, causou um declínio drástico nas relações comerciais germano–soviéticas. As Importações de bens soviéticos para a Alemanha caiu para 223 milhões de Reichsmarks em 1934 à medida que o regime isolacionista estalinista afirmava o seu poder, e que o abandono das imposições militares do Tratado de Versalhes diminuía a dependência da Alemanha das importações soviéticas. Em 1936, a Alemanha e a Itália Fascista apoiaram os nacionalistas espanhóis na Guerra Civil Espanhola, enquanto os soviéticos apoiaram a parcialmente socialista Segunda República espanhola. Assim, a guerra civil espanhola tornou-se uma guerra por procuração entre a Alemanha e a URSS. Em 1936, a Alemanha e o Japão assinaram o Pacto Anti-Comintern Pacto, sendo acompanhados, um ano mais tarde, pela Itália. Acordo de Munique A violenta retórica antissoviética de Hitler foi uma das razões que levaram a Grã-Bretanha e a França a decidir que a participação soviética na Conferência de Munique em 1938 acerca da Checoslováquia, seria perigosa e inútil. O Acordo de Munique que se seguiu marcou uma anexação parcial alemã

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da Checoslováquia no final de 1938, seguida pela sua dissolução completa em março de 1939, , a qual fazia parte do apaziguamento da Alemanha realizado pelos gabinetes de Chamberlain e Daladier. Esta política levantou de imediato a questão de se saber se a União Soviética poderia evitar estar do lado de Hitler. A liderança soviética acreditava que o Ocidente queria incentivar a agressão alemã no Leste e que a França e a Grã-Bretanha podiam permanecer neutra numa guerra iniciada pela Alemanha, na esperança de que os estados beligerantes ficassem exaustos e colocassem um fim tanto à União Soviética como à Alemanha Nazi. Para a Alemanha, devido ao facto de uma abordagem económica autárquica ou de uma aliança com a Grã-Bretanha serem impossíveis, o estreitamento das relações com a União Soviética para a obtenção de matérias-primas tornou-se necessário, nem que fosse apenas por razões económicas. Além disso, o bloqueio esperado por parte dos britânicos em caso de guerra criaria enorme escassez de matérias-primas essenciais à Alemanha. Depois do acordo de Munique, o aumento resultante de recursos para o exército alemão, e as necessidades de suprimentos para os equipamentos militares soviéticos, levaram a negociações entre os dois países entre o final de 1938 e março de 1939. O terceiro Plano de Cinco Anos soviético exigia novas tecnologias e equipamentos industriais. Os estrategas de guerra alemães estimaram graves faltas de matérias-primas se a Alemanha entrasse em guerra sem fornecimentos soviéticos. Em 31 de março de 1939, em resposta ao desafio da Alemanha Nazi com o Acordo de Munique e a ocupação da Checoslováquia, a Grã-Bretanha comprometeu-se em apoiar, tal como a França, a independência da Polónia, Bélgica, Roménia, Grécia e Turquia. A 6 de abril, a Polônia e a Grã-Bretanha concordaram em formalizar a garantia na forma de uma aliança militar. A 28 de abril, Hitler denunciou o Pacto de Não agressão germano-polaco de 1934, e o Acordo Naval anglo-alemão de 1935. Com início em meados de março de 1939, numa tentativa de travar o expansionismo de Hitler, a União Soviética, a Grã-Bretanha e a França trocaram uma série de sugestões para elaborar um potencial acordo militar e político. Embora as consultas informais tenham começado em abril, as negociações principais tiveram início apenas em maio. Ao mesmo tempo, ao longo de todo o ano de 1939, a Alemanha tinha contatado secretamente os diplomatas soviéticos sugerindo que podia oferecer melhores condições para um acordo político do que a Grã-Bretanha e a França. A União Soviética, que temia as potências Ocidentais e a possibilidade de um "cerco capitalista", pouco acreditava que a guerra poderia ser evitada, ou descrença no Exército Polaco, e queria nada menos do que uma aliança blindada com a França e a Grã-Bretanha a qual garantiria um apoio um ataque em duas frentes à Alemanha; assim, a adesão de Estaline à linha de segurança coletiva era puramente condicional. A Grã-Bretanha e a França acreditavam que a guerra ainda podia ser evitada, e que a União Soviética, enfraquecida pelo Grande Expurgo, não seria um participante militar principal, um facto em que muitas fontes militares discordavam, dadas as vitórias soviéticas sobre o Exército

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de Guangdong japonês na fronteira com a Manchúria. A França estava mais ansiosa para chegar a acordo com a URSS que os britânicos; como potência continental, encontrava-se mais aberta a fazer concessões e mais receosa com os perigos de um acordo entre a URSS e a Alemanha. Estas posições contrastantes explicavam parcialmente o porquê de a URSS ter realizado um jogo-duplo em 1939: levar a cabo negociações às claras para uma aliança com os Britânicos e os Francesas, enquanto, secretamente, considerar um acordo com a Alemanha. No final de maio, foram apresentadas as propostas finais. Em meados de junho, as negociações tripartidas tiveram início. A discussão estava focada nas potenciais garantias dadas aos países da Europa central e de leste caso se surgisse uma agressão por parte da Alemanha. A URSS propôs que se considerasse que uma viragem política em direção à Alemanha pelos Estados Bálticos constituiria uma "agressão indireta" à União Soviética. Os britânicos opuseram-se a esta proposta, pois temiam que o texto proposto pelos soviéticos pudesse justificar uma intervenção soviética na Finlândia e nos Estados Bálticos, ou forçasse estes países a procurar um relacionamento de maior proximidade com a Alemanha. A discussão sobre a definição de "agressão indireta" tornou-se um dos pontos de desentendimento entre as partes e, em meados de julho, as negociações políticas tripartidas estagnaram, enquanto as partes concordaram em dar início a negociações sobre um acordo militar, o qual os soviéticos insistiam em que devia ser negociado em simultâneo com qualquer acordo político. Um dias antes das negociações militares começaram, o politburo do CPSU, na expectativa pessimista de que as negociações que estavam para vir não iam dar a lado algum, decidiram formalmente considerar as propostas alemãs. As negociações sobre os temas militares começaram no dia 12 de agosto em Moscovo com a delegação britânica chefiada por Sir Reginald Drax, um almirante da reforma, a delegação francesa liderada pelo general Aimé Doumenc, e a soviética tendo à frente Kliment Voroshilov, comissário da Defesa e Boris Shaposhnikov, chefe do estado-maior. Sem as devidas credenciais, Drax não estava autorizado a garantir fosse o que fosse à União Soviética, e recebeu orientações do governo britânico para prolongar as discussões o maior tempo possível e evitar responder à questão se a Polónia concordaria em permitir que as tropas soviéticas entrassem no país de a Alemanha invadisse. Como as negociações fracassaram, outra oportunidade para evitar a agressão alemã ficou por terra. O tratado e suas consequências Foi assinado em Moscou na madrugada de 24 de agosto de 1939 (mas datada de 23 de agosto) pelo então ministro do exterior soviético Viatcheslav Molotov e pelo então ministro do exterior da Alemanha Joachim von Ribbentrop. Em linhas gerais estabelecia que ambas as nações se comprometiam a manter-se afastadas uma da outra em termos bélicos. Nenhuma nação favoreceria os inimigos da outra, nem tampouco invadiriam os seus respectivos territórios, além do que, a União Soviética não reagiria a uma agressão alemã à Polônia, e que, em contrapartida, a Alemanha apoiaria uma invasão soviética à Finlândia, entre outras concessões. De fato à invasão nazista seguiu-se a Invasão Soviética da Polónia e também da Finlândia ainda em 1939. Em dois protocolos secretos, os dois

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Nickelodeon's Adaptation of 'School of Rock' Could Be Good if They Avoid These Mistakes By Kadeen Griffiths In 2003, an underrated Jack Black film hit the theaters. School of Rock was critically acclaimed and made a ton of money, but Black's performance in it was later overshadowed by the more widely popular 2008 film Tropic Thunder. School of Rock remains one of Black's more popular films, but it's also a pretty forgettable film — at least, it was until now. Jack Black might not be appearing in it, but Nickelodeon is turning School of Rock into a TV show that has already secured 13 episodes to start the series off with. According to The Hollywood Reporter, the television series has the exact same premise as the movie and "[revolves] around the adventures and misadventures of Dewey Finn, a down-on-his-luck rocker who poses as a substitute teacher at a prestigious prep school as he teaches his eccentric, unconventional and overachieving students to play and love rock 'n' roll." Dewey Finn was played by Jack Black in the film, but there has been no word on casting yet. However, the original director and producer of School of Rock will be returning to executive produce the series. The movie also starred Miranda Cosgrove, a former Nickelodeon star best known for her roles as Megan Parker in Drake & Josh and Carly Shay in iCarly, so the anticipation is really on to see if Miranda Cosgrove will return to Nickelodeon in order to reprise her role as Summer "Tinkerbell" Hathaway. Even if she doesn't, Nickelodeon has to be careful not to let School of Rock fall into certain dangers that would get it cancelled like so many other Nickeldeon shows before it. Here are the three main things they need to avoid: 1. School of Rock is not Glee. Considering the general summary of the new show, Nickelodeon will have to be careful not to fall into the trap of trying to make School of Rock comparable to Fox's Glee. Both shows feature a down-on-his-luck teacher (or "teacher" in Dewey Finn's case) and his eccentric, musically-gifted students. Although Glee was initially wildly popular for being new and different and hilarious, the show is now a mere shell of its former self that is a labor of love to watch for longtime fans. At best, School of Rock will receive a lot of unfavorable Glee comparisons even though the two have nothing to do with each other at all. At worst, School of Rock will be ignored by those who consider it less entertaining than Glee and those who hate Glee and don't want to watch a bargain basement version of it. 2. School of Rock is also not Victorious. Already, the School of Rock series sounds like it's going to be the spiritual successor to the Nickelodeon show Victorious, which was cancelled in order to make room for the spin-off show Sam & Cat. (Ironically, Sam & Cat was canceled as well.) Victorious followed the lives of aspiring musicians and actors at a California school called Hollywood Arts after the main character, played by Victoria Justice, lucked her way into an acceptance to the school. Victorious featured original songs largely sung by Victoria Justice, though her co-stars including Ariana Grande sometimes got in on the action, and fans often complained that too much musical focus was given to Justice over her more talented co-stars. The School of Rock show needs to make sure everyone gets a chance to shine. 3. Let it breathe. A common failing with Nickelodeon shows is that the characters never really get the chance to grow and develop naturally. Instead, many characters tend to become whatever they need to be in order to set up for the next joke or get pulled into the next plot. Consistency isn't Nickelodeon's finest trait on its shows and, contrary to popular belief, kids of the world aren't too young to notice. Instead of trying too hard to be School of Rock the film, or focusing too much on the eccentricities of the children and not the depth, Nickelodeon should let the show grow and breathe as the actors become comfortable with their characters. Image: Paramount Pictures; justsmileeilidh, whatshouldsecgirlscallme,

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No-one really wants to build a team of fitness coaches (at first). But for many successful fitness professionals, circumstances force the issue. They hit a "time ceiling" where their hours are maxed out and they have no capacity to do more. What if you your clients don't want to train with anyone else but you? What if you can't really afford to pay someone else (just when you've finally gotten to a place where you can consistently pay yourself a descent income)? Where do you find good people (and how do you recruit, interview, hire, onboard and manage them once you've found them? Is it really possible to find team members who care about serving your clients as much as you do? All these questions express legitimate fears and risks. You take a chance when you hire people. But you take a bigger chance if you don't. You can't continue growing (and build a business that allows you to grow beyond trading time for money) WITHOUT hiring a team to work with you. If you don't grow, you'll just grind away sacrificing bits of yourself and your time … until you can't any longer. That's why the answer to these questions above becomes: How do you 'make the leap' and build the team who will "deliver the goods" at the same level as you? Many fitness business owners use a scattershot approach and hope for the best. They let their own need for help push the process (e.g., they hire the person in front of them because they need someone right away). You're better off using a system. Inside your network: Use a career opportunities page on your website your social media and email list, your newsletter, and ask your clients for referrals. Outside of your network: Contact local colleges and universities, certification body job boards, and advertise and list with career sites, such Indeed, LinkedIn, Craigslist, Kijiji. Too many fitness business owners look for immediate results, and pay a lot of attention to the first round of ads. But you want to commit to regularly reviewing your "captured" candidate information. The best people don't always respond on Day 1. Are you checking every day for results – or just looking to get the process over with and "get back to work"? Don't. The risks are too great. Hire slowly. Four (4) interviews are optimal to evaluate candidates: a quick screening, a group interview, a private interview, and a take-home project. This gives you many perspectives on someone's talents and fit. Set up your new team members for success. Get clear on the knowledge, systems, and skills that must be trained for performance in the role. And invest early in professional development and map out a path to success within 30 days. Week 1: New hires learn about the company, the story of your business, and how it got started. Week 2: This week is for role specific training, such as how to greet clients, how to handle difficult clients, and any legal and policy-related rules. Week 3: Have them shadow your best coaches, and start to support teaching or running a class or sessions when you feel they are ready. Week 4: New coaches should be set up to run with clients on their own by the end of the week. 5: Ongoing training & development. Developing skills is a lifelong process. The best fitness businesses are learning organisations, where staff members are constantly honing their skills. Set aside time for training on a regular basis and develop individual and team plans for success. • You've hired a team of A-players who are as committed to your business and serving your clients as you are. • Your team members allow you to reclaim capacity and time to work more ON the business instead of just working IN it. • Identify a path forward to continue growing your business while having more free time to enjoy your success and do the things you love to do. • You make a bad hire and have to fire (or have a coach quit) after just a few months. • You upset clients and many quit to go train somewhere else. • You get pulled back into training during hours you need for other responsibilities. • You're working all the time and feel like a prisoner to your business. • Continued stress and pressure from running around and putting out fires all the time. INVEST in building a team! Thinking of staff as a business asset (rather

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Remarkable Rescues Of The Indian Rock Python December 27, 2022 | By Neellohit Banerjee The Indian Rock python (Python molurus) is a widely found species and they inhabit various ecosystems and habitats. It is the largest snake found in India, measuring up to 16-20 feet in length and weighing as heavy as 90 kilograms! They are primarily nocturnal and terrestrial, but these ambush predators can be selectively arboreal if the need arises. Geographically, the Indian Rock python is widespread across the lower half of Asia, and is native to India, Pakistan, Nepal and Sri Lanka. The tropical climate of India creates the ideal habitat for this non-venomous species. Know Thy Python This species is distinguishable by its usual whitish or yellowish body colour, with blotched patterns varying from tan to dark brown shades. However, this varies with terrain and habitat, since individuals from the hill forests of the Western Ghats and Assam are darker, while those found in the Deccan Plateau and Eastern Ghats are usually lighter. Rainforests, river valleys, woodlands, scrublands, grassy marshes and rocky foothills are some of the habitats that the Indian Rock python likes to call it's home. This species is often found close to water sources, and seems to prefer damp environments. These snakes can be identified by its whitish or yellowish body colour and blotched patterns varying from tan to dark brown shades. [Photo (c) Wildlife SOS/Shresatha Pachori] In the case of pythons, females are generally bigger and heavier than males. So if you ever chance upon this individual, you may be able to take an educated guess about the reptile's sex. Pythons reach sexual maturity at the age of 2-3 years, and have a gestation period of nearly 3 months. During the incubation period, the female usually does not leave the eggs and once it is time, the eggs hatch giving birth to an average of 40 offspring. Indian Rock pythons are solitary reptiles and they can only be seen in pairs during mating. The reason why these snakes are found near water bodies is that they are excellent swimmers and are known to hold their breath underwater for almost 30 minutes. Phew! Talk about setting a new record among snakes! But their reputation as ambush predators precedes this, as they are stealth hunters in the wild. Chemoreception, the ability to respond to chemical stimuli in the environment, is crucial to their hunting and feeding habits. They detect their prey by scent or by sensing their body heat with the help of heat-sensing organs present on their heads. Pythons reach sexual maturity when they are roughly 2-3 years old. [Photo (c) Wildlife SOS] Being a carnivore, the snake's diet mostly consists of live prey and it kills them by first biting and then constricting the prey until it suffocates. The python's diet includes rodents, small birds, amphibians and even small reptiles. Pythons are known for their unique way of feeding where they swallow their food whole. A python is able to achieve this by dislocating its jaw and then stretching its highly elastic skin. This allows the snake to swallow animals many times larger than its own head. Once their stomach is full, this giant can go weeks without a meal! Threats to the Giant Like all other wild animals, the Indian Rock python is also not immune to anthropogenic threats. Poaching of these snakes due to the illegal pet trade and the merciless slaughter of pythons for their skin are two of the biggest threats to this particular species. The exquisite skins have made them an object of human greed and are much coveted in the leather trade. Moreover, a new conundrum has emerged on the list of dangers that this snake species face. In central India's Keoladeo National Park, popularly known as Bharatpur in Rajasthan, conservation biologists discovered a lurking threat to the species. Though known for its vast diversity of birds (over 350 species), Bharatpur also has one of the highest populations of Indian Rock pythons

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in the country. Researchers found that disturbances due to tourist activities have directly altered the behaviour and reproductive ability of the pythons! You might be wondering how? Being ectothermic animals (those who seek heat from external environmental sources), pythons bask in the sun for long periods of time. These reptiles are ectothermic, and therefore derive heat from an external environmental source. [Photo (c) Wildlife SOS/Nikhil Bisht] An incessant footfall of visitors near the python burrows has interfered with their winter basking routine. As tourists ventured into their natural habitat, their proximity compelled the giants to retreat into their burrows. These snakes regulate their body temperature by basking in the sun, and the reduced duration of this can harm their reproductive ability. Continuous expansion of human habitation and rapid deforestation due to urbanisation also remain threats to wildlife and biodiversity, and the python isn't exempt from it. Heroics of Delhi and Agra Teams Due to human encroachment, the pythons' natural habitat has shrunk as a result of fragmentation, degradation and destruction. These reptiles face insurmountable odds while trying to make a living in the modern concrete jungle. Wildlife SOS has rescued pythons from life-threatening scenarios in the past — some were strangled in fishing nets while some became victims of vehicular accidents, only to suffer major fractures and bruises. The Wildlife SOS Rapid Response Units have been responding to distress calls related to python rescues in Delhi-NCR, Agra and Vadodara. This year has been quite eventful when it comes to encounters with this large snake. For the Delhi team, the year started with the rescue of a 12-foot-long python, weighing between 35-40 kg! The reptile was rescued by Wildlife SOS from Delhi Jal Board's Bhagirathi Water Treatment Plant after the operators located the snake on top of an intake chamber. Weighing between 35-40kg, the gigantic snake was rescued from Delhi Jal Board's water treatment plant. [Photo (c) Wildlife SOS] The Delhi team rescued not one but two pythons from near the Qutub Minar metro station this year, once in August and again in October. The Indian Rock python is a commonly found reptile in this area, as the Qutub Minar metro station is located close to Sanjay Van which is home to several animal species. October was extremely active as the rescue team had to conduct back-to-back rescues of three pythons. In addition to the Qutub Minar rescue, Wildlife SOS rescued a 6-foot-long individual from the Central Reserve Police Force (CRPF) Institute in Vasant Kunj, and a 7-foot-long snake from a residential area in Rohini, Sector 16. This certain snake was rescued from the CRPF Institute in Vasant Kunj, Delhi. [Photo (c) Wildlife SOS/Kunal Malhotra] The Rapid Response Unit in Agra wasn't far behind with one of the notable mentions coming earlier this year in March. The team rescued a python that was 5 feet long from Dayalbagh, where the snake was seen coiled behind an idol. Again in August 2022, Wildlife SOS rescued an individual from an extremely precarious situation where the snake was stuck inside a truck's bonnet on an Agra highway. The team safely rescued the reptile after a tense 1.5-hour-long operation. At the end of November, our team rescued two humongous Indian Rock pythons in successive operations. The 11-foot-long snake got accidentally caught in a fishing net and was under immense stress. [Photo (c) Wildlife SOS] The larger one, measuring nearly 12 feet and weighing over 25 kg, was rescued from Koila Alipur village in Mathura and the other one nearly 11 feet in length and almost 21 kg in weight was rescued from Mohri Kirawali village near Agra. This was followed by a third python rescue from Sutedi village near

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1,332,276

1,024

CommonCrawl

7

9

Synopsis of Act IV scene iii Pompey comments on how many of Mistress Overdone's former customers he has encountered in gaol. Abhorson tries to get Barnardine ready for execution, but the drunken Barnardine insists he is in no fit state to die. The Duke, still disguised as a friar, also tries to prepare him for death, but Barnardine will not listen. The Duke agrees that it would be wrong to execute him when his soul is so unprepared. This poses a problem, as he and the Provost had hoped to use Barnardine's head as a substitute for Claudio's. However, the Provost now reveals that another prisoner, a pirate called Ragozine, has just died and they can use his head; the Duke is very pleased about this. He tells the Provost to keep both Claudio and Barnardine hidden in secret cells; he is planning to write to Angelo to tell him to meet the Duke at the city gates. Isabella arrives, hoping to hear news of Claudio's reprieve, but the Duke decides to let her think that her brother has been executed – as was indeed Angelo's plan. Isabella is distraught, but the 'friar' tells her that the Duke is shortly to return to Vienna. She is to take letters to Friar Peter who will arrange for Isabella and Mariana to appear before the Duke to put their case against Angelo. Lucio arrives, and commiserates with Isabella about Claudio's death. Isabella leaves. Lucio, not realising to whom he is speaking, again comments on the lax morals of the Duke. During this conversation, Lucio admits he lied to the Duke to escape the law when accused of fathering a child by a prostitute. Commentary on Act IV scene iii I am as well acquainted here as I was in our house of profession – Pompey comically lists examples of the kind of rogues who might be found both in a whore-house and in prison. The fact that they are in prison seems to suggest that Angelo's strict enforcement of the law is having some impact on Vienna, a city in which formerly, as the Duke himself admitted in Act I sc iii, 'Liberty plucks Justice by the nose.. and quite athwart goes all decorum.' Barnardine … I hear his straw rustle – Straw was commonly used as matting and bedding for humans, but this line also gives an image of an animal moving in its pen; this reinforces the idea that the grossly drunk Barnardine, who has no concern for his soul, is more like an animal than a human. (See also Themes and significant ideas > The nature of humanity). Here comes your ghostly father – 'Ghostly' means 'spiritual'. Once again, the disguised Duke is about to pretend he is a priest and to give final confession. A creature unprepar'd, unmeet for death – The Duke is aware that all human 'creatures' – that is, beings created by God – have souls as well as bodies. Their souls are immortal, and will continue after death, coming before God for judgement. Hence every person needs to be spiritually prepared for the life after death. (See also Themes and significant ideas > Judgement on earth and in heaven). And to transport him in the mind he is / Were damnable – Those responsible for sending a man to his death before his soul is prepared commit an act so evil that they too could be damned. More about killing the unprepared soul: In other plays Shakespeare also shows his revulsion at the idea of killing someone whose soul has not been prepared; it is worse than just the murder of the body: In Hamlet (Act I sc v) the Ghost of Hamlet's father demands vengeance not just because he was killed but because he was 'sent to my account with all my imperfections on my head.' In Othello (Act V sc ii) when he is about to murder Desdemona, Othello tells her, 'If you bethink you of any crime Unreconcil'd as yet to heaven and to grace,' she should 'Solicit for it straight'; he 'would not kill thy unprepared spirit.' O 'tis an accident that heaven provides – The Duke feels that the sudden death of the 'notorious pirate' Ragozine is a providential act of God, enabling the Duke to save Claudio.

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1,332,277

0

CommonCrawl

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Ere twice the sun hath made his journal greeting – Before two days pass. More on time in the play: As Act IV sc ii ended, it was almost dawn, and scene iii continues the same day. Yet in Act IV sc ii the Duke told the Provost he needed 'four days' respite' to make all things clear, although now he seems to be planning to return within two. However, later in this same scene he tells Isabella that 'The Duke comes home tomorrow'. (See also Structure > Time-scale). But I will keep her ignorant of her good, / To make her heavenly comforts of despair / When it is least expected – Another very problematic decision by the Duke. Withholding from Isabella the news that her brother is still alive seems particularly cruel; the idea that, when she eventually finds out, the news will give her 'heavenly comfort' does not seem an acceptable justification. Of course, from the point of view of the plot, it is essential that Isabella should believe she is pleading for her brother's killer when she begs for Angelo's life. O I will to him and pluck out his eyes – Isabella's first instinct is for vengeance, but by the end of the play she has learnt the importance of mercy – as has Angelo. Damn'd Angelo – The juxtaposition of the name Angelo with the word damn'd encapsulates ideas of sinfulness and salvation in the play. The old fantastical duke of dark corners – Lucio is again suggesting that the Duke was surreptitiously involved in sexual exploits; but for the audience, who has observed the Duke's role in disguise, there may well be the other implication of secret activity within the state. You'll answer this one day – The Duke is referring to the fact that Lucio does not realise he is speaking to the very man he is slandering; Lucio will later have to face the Duke's wrath. However, there is also perhaps implicit in this remark the idea of the Last Judgement before God: the similarities and differences of judgement on earth and in heaven are a central issue of the play. I was once before him for getting as wench with child … but I was fain to forswear it – Mistress Overdone has already mentioned (in Act III sc ii) that Lucio has fathered a child which he has abandoned. As we have seen in his denouncing of Pompey and Mistress Overdone, Lucio is quick enough to condemn others; by the end of the play he too will receive judgement. Investigating Act IV scene iii Barnardine seems at first to be introduced as someone whose head can provide a substitute for Claudio's, but in the end this is not the case. What might be Shakespeare's reason for introducing Barnardine? Which issues and themes does this character allow Shakespeare to present to the audience? A man belonging to a Christian religious group who, instead of living within an enclosed religious house, travelled round teaching the Christian faith, and sustaining himself by begging for charity. 1. Genesis indicates that death was not part of the orginal plan for human beings but is one of the consequences of the Fall. 2. The death of Jesus is presented as opening up the possibility of reconciliation with God. A person whose role is to carry out religious functions. A being who is not mortal, that is, who will never die; living forever. 1. Wisdom. 2. A decision about guilt, and / or the passing of sentence by the person presiding over a court of justice. 3. In the Bible, God's verdict on human behaviour especially on the Day of Judgement at the end of time. Word used in the Authorised Version of the Bible for punishment or destruction, referring to the fate of those who are found on the Day of Judgement to have rejected Jesus Christ (Revelation 20:12-15). Revenge; an act of retaliation for a real or imagined injury, in which the revenger sees him- or herself as entitled to carry out their own idea of justice and to take the law into their own hands. The care and concern for future well-being; in particular, the care of God the Father for all creation. The showing of pity and compassion; in particular, the grace and forgiveness offered by God to sinful humans if they repent of their wrong-doings. The deliberate placing together of two items for

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Measure inspiration in regards to obtaining motivation to attain our targets, right now there are a few of us just who simply effortlessly have got itand afterward right now there are other folks who struggle to find and embrace it. When that is inspiration that you want, or inspiration that you would like, gratitude usually helps. Your motivation will increase. In my personal experience, there may be just 1 motivation, which is desire. Understanding motivation usually means that that you need to figure out human being nature. Many people think that determination is with respect to lazy persons simply because they simply can't be bothered getting factors done. Built-in motivation is within reality likewise as proposal. If you or perhaps someone you know seems to lack motivation, it would be a excellent notion to clearly decide or outline the desired goals you intend to reach. Determination may possibly be tricky point to come by. Personal inspiration is the thing that generates all of us internally and externally to be successful in what ever we wish to succeed in. The Power of Motivation It is troublesome to encourage yourself. Inspiration is certainly the secret to success to improving upon performance. This Here is normally where the turmoil starts off. Anytime there is appropriate inspiration, that enhances good efficiency and larger production to the sustenance of this national rise and development mainly because well as the survival of the people. Determination is frequently an external obama's stimulus. So inspiration can point out the procedure intended for stimulating the interest of an specific to carry a head out to a sure aim. It is an interior process that makes a person head toward a goal. For a organization to succeed and survive, inspiration of the staff is vital. Everything features to end up being specific in your head, if it's certainly not after that that you simply in larger problem. Your mind has decided that it can be totally reliant on some thing. You maintain the points that may totally free your thoughts to find all the opportunities out there. The value of life is to find your gift idea. Take into consideration the direction that you would like your lifestyle for being probably in and energy to number out who have been in a posture to do something similar. Each time you have a few sort of get in the existence, it is setting up you enhance to get more detailed achievement down the line. One other way to continue to be motivated when ever poor folks desire to try to discourage you can be to understand what you want out of life. Typically just head out through life eager to go through mainly because to get hesitant to try away something different. In lots of instances, a deficiency of determination could just be attributed to certainly not feeling inspired. It is normally a process rather than a product. It is certainly an area of psychology which has gotten significant amounts of attention, particularly in the recent years. If you encourage determination that may change your life. Motivation can arrive right from numerous options. First of all, it is far from a'bad thing'. It is very difficult to come by, thus if it is ranking right ahead in the form of a genial competition, it will be silly to let that sidestep you. The interesting issue is that some people look to slip-up motivation with regards to inspiration. The business is monetarily buckled. On the other hand very much you like your organization, there are likely moments whenever you have a tendency wish to make a change. You include to produce sure that you own a target marketplace and a business composition which you're so fond of that no person should call attention you to industry. You are most likely to be a little more confident in your ability to succeed. The capacity to continue to be driven consistently and have action decides the types of results we all achieve. Point out yourself that you've the skills and the drive to undertake the whole thing that you want to and take the possibilities provided to you. Computing motivation in regards to selecting inspiration to attain the marks, presently there are a few of us who also only effortlessly contain itand then there are others who find it difficult to find and embrace it. When it is motivation that you want, or inspiration that you would like, gratitude generally helps. The motivation will increase. In my experience, there is certainly just one particular motivation, and that is desire. Understanding motivation usually means that that you need to figure out human being nature. Some individuals think that inspiration is intended for sluggish persons since they just can't be bothered getting details done. Intrinsic motivation is in reality just the same as proposal. If you or perhaps an individual you already know seems to absence motivation,

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it would be a terrific idea to clearly decide or determine the desired goals you would like to reach. Determination may well be tricky point to discover. Personal inspiration is the element that driving us in the camera and externally to be good in what at any time we would like to succeed in. The Power of Motivation It can also be challenging to encourage yourself. Motivation is certainly the secret to developing performance. This Here can be where frustration begins. When there may be proper motivation, this contributes to good overall performance and larger output to the nourishment in the countrywide increase and development seeing that well for the reason that the wellbeing of the people. Inspiration is frequently an external spur, inducement, impetus, motivation. So determination can reveal the process just for arousing the eye of an individual to take a move towards a sure goal. Costly interior procedure that makes a person focus toward an objective. For a firm to succeed and survive, inspiration of the staff is vital. All sorts of things offers to end up being very clear on your mind, whether it's not really then if you're in big issues. The mind seems to have decided that must be totally dependent on a thing. You maintain the keys which may free of charge the mind to find every one of the opportunities in existence. The significance of life is to discover your gift idea. Take into consideration the direction that you might want your your life to get going in and make an effort to physique out that has been in a situation to do something similar. Every time you have several way of win inside your existence, it's actually environment you moving upward for further achievement later on. An additional way to remain determined the moment unfavorable folks need to dissuade you is to understand what you want out of life. Do just visit through lifestyle desperate to suffer because most likely reluctant to try away different things. In lots of cases, a deficiency of motivation might just be assigned to certainly not feeling inspired. It is usually a procedure rather than a product. It is usually an area of psychology which has gotten a large amount of attention, particularly in the recent years. In case you inspire determination this may make life. Determination can arrive coming from different resources. Earliest, it isn't a'bad thing'. It is rough to come by, thus when it is status right ahead in the form of a friendly competition, it would be silly to let that get around you. The interesting issue is that some folks seem to slip-up motivation pertaining to inspiration. The business is fiscally hard cash. Even so very much you love the organization, there are likely moments whenever you tend wish to act. You have to produce certain you own a target industry and a business structure which you aren't so in love with that nobody should help remind you to market. You are most likely to be more confident inside your ability to be prosperous. Our ability to stay determined regularly and have action can help determine the kinds of results we all achieve. Point out yourself that you've got the ability as well as the drive to undertake all kinds of things that you simply would like to and take the possibilities provided to you personally. Testing motivation in regards to selecting determination to achieve the spots, at this time there are a few of us just who only naturally own itand then now there are other folks who find it difficult to find and embrace this. When that is determination that you want, or perhaps inspiration that you would like, gratitude generally helps. The motivation raises. In my experience, there may be just you motivation, and that is desire. Understanding motivation usually means that you need to appreciate real human nature. Some think that determination is with regards to sluggish persons since they cannot be worried getting facts done. Inbuilt motivation is at reality just the same as engagement. If you or a person you know seems to absence motivation, it might be a tremendous principle to plainly make a decision or explain the goals you need to reach. Motivation might be tricky point to discover. Personal determination is the factor that makes all of us inside the camera and externally to be powerful in what ever you want to succeed in. The potency of Motivation It could be challenging to inspire yourself. Motivation is certainly the trick to boosting performance. This Here is normally in which the frustration starts. Whenever there may be appropriate inspiration, it plays a role in very good overall performance and bigger efficiency towards the sustenance for the countrywide rise and advancement while well simply because the health of the residents. Inspiration is frequently an external spur, inducement, imp

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etus, motivation. So inspiration can show the technique just for stimulating the interest of an specific to get a move toward a sure aim. Costly inner procedure that makes a person idea toward an objective. For a firm to succeed and survive, determination of the employees is essential. All sorts of things includes to always be very clear in your mind, if it's certainly not in that case you aren't in larger problem. Your mind features decided the reason is totally dependent on anything. You carry the preliminary which may totally free your thoughts to find every one of the opportunities to choose from. The relevance of life is to discover your item. Take in to consideration the direction you want your existence to get heading in and endeavor to sum up out that has been in a posture to do a thing similar. Every time you have several sort of succeed inside your your life, they have setting up you boost for additional accomplishment at a later point. Some other way to remain encouraged when unfavorable folks desire to decrease you is usually to know what you want out of life. Don't just head out through lifestyle wanting to undergo since you're here reluctant to try away something different. In lots of circumstances, a lack of motivation could just be traced to not really feeling influenced. It is definitely a method rather than a product. It is usually an part of psychology which includes gotten a variety of attention, especially in the recent years. If you inspire inspiration it may change your life. Determination can come right from numerous sources. Primary, it is not a'bad thing'. It is rough to come by, hence when it is popularity right in front of you in the form of a friendly competition, it would be foolish to leave that get around you. The interesting issue is that some people seem to blunder motivation with respect to inspiration. The organization is in financial terms in a tight. However very much you like your organization, you will find likely moments whenever you typically hope to do something. You possess to make sure that you own a target marketplace and a business composition which if you're so crazy about that no one should remind you to market. You are most likely to be confident in your ability to succeed. The capacity to stay motivated regularly and take action depends on the sorts of results we all achieve. Emphasize yourself that you've got the skills plus the drive to achieve almost everything that you would like to and take the possibilities presented for you. Testing determination in regards to locating motivation to realize the marks, generally there are a few of us who all just simply normally have got itand then simply generally there are others who struggle to find and embrace it. When this is determination that you want, or perhaps inspiration that you would like, gratitude definitely helps. Your motivation will increase. In my experience, there is certainly just one particular motivation, and that's desire. Understanding motivation results in that you need to figure out individuals nature. Many people think that motivation is intended for sluggish people since they won't be annoyed getting elements done. Intrinsic motivation is within reality likewise as bridal. If you or an individual you know appears to absence motivation, it might be a super notion to clearly make a decision or determine the goals you need to reach. Determination may be tough point to discover. Personal motivation is the factor that drives us internally and outside the body to be effective in what ever before we wish to succeed in. The strength of Inspiration It is usually challenging to motivate yourself. Inspiration is certainly the key to strengthening performance. That Here is definitely where confusion begins. Whenever you can find appropriate determination, it plays a part in great efficiency and higher efficiency to the nourishment belonging to the national increase and production as well simply because the survival of the residents. Motivation is frequently a great external incitement. So determination can indicate the technique with respect to animation the eye of an specific to provide a approach towards a sure target. Costly inside method that makes a person move toward a goal. For a provider to succeed and survive, inspiration of the staff members is vital. Anything includes to become very clear in your brain, whether it's not in that case it's in larger difficulty. The mind includes decided it is totally reliant on anything. You maintain the points that may free your thoughts to find all of the opportunities out there. The relevance of your life is to locate your surprise. Take into consideration the direction that you would like your life for being probably in and make an work to number out who may have been in a situation to do a thing similar. Each time you have a few form of gain in the your life, it's actually

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Archive for the 'Robert Taylor' Category Ellen Weiss book on Robert R. Taylor wins Award of Excellence from Society of Architectural Historians Monday, November 26th, 2012 by Brian Seidman The Southeast Chapter of the Society of Architectural Historians (SESAH) gave Dr. Ellen Weiss their 2012 Award of Excellence for her biography of the first academically-trained African American architect, Robert R. Taylor and Tuskegee: An African American Architect Designs for Booker T. Washington, during their 2012 Annual Meeting in Athens, Georgia. Robert R. Taylor and Tuskegee is not just the first biography and a detailed portrait of this important man; it's also a gorgeous volume that includes over 100 photographs of Taylor's buildings on the Tuskegee campus and elsewhere, finely annotated by Dr. Weiss. Along with the SESAH award, Dr. Weiss received this citation: Ellen Weiss, Professor Emerita at the Tulane University School of Architecture, has a produced a significant monograph of an American architect. This insightful work documents Robert Taylor's great challenges as a student at MIT in the late nineteenth-centry and, more importantly, his role as the first professionally trained African American architect. Taylor achieved greatness as a pioneer in his field, especially in the Jim Crow era, as an instrumental instructor and mentor at the Tuskegee Institute, and as a talented designer and campus planner helping Booker T. Washington achieve his educational vision of racial pride and progress. It is a history both unique and inspiring. The SESAH "was founded in 1982 at the Georgia Institute of Technology in Atlanta to promote scholarship on architecture and related subjects and to serve as a forum for ideas among architectural historians, architects, preservationists, and others involved in professions related to the built environment," according to their website. They publish Arris – The Journal of the Southeast Chapter of the Society of Architectural Historians. Congratulations to Ellen Weiss on this significant honor. Robert R. Taylor and Tuskegee is available direct from NewSouth Books, Amazon, or your favorite bookstore. Posted in Robert Taylor | No Comments » Ellen Weiss's biography of African American architect Robert Taylor gains national attention Thursday, September 6th, 2012 by Brian Seidman Interest in the ground-breaking African American architect Robert R. Taylor continues to grow after the publication of Professor Ellen Weiss's detailed biography of Taylor, and articles including two in Architect magazine. Weiss's Robert R. Taylor and Tuskegee recounts Taylor's life, side by side with striking photographs of Taylor's architectural accomplishments as the first classically trained African American architect. Taylor was MIT's first African American graduate in 1892, and soon after Booker T. Washington recruited Taylor to teach and design the campus of Washington's Tuskegee Institute. "He had a classical French training at MIT," Weiss told WWNO's Fred Kasten on his The Sound of Books program, "and this shows in many overt ways like the correct use of columns, a very sensitive approach to proportion, to thickness of walls, to all the tactile and visual qualities of architecture and its material." Washington wanted the architecture of Tuskegee Institute to reflect to both the outside world and to Tuskegee's own students the capabilities of African Americans. Writing in the "AIAVoices" column in Architect magazine, Weiss explains that "the campus (built by black carpenters and masons who could draw a little) was already 10 years old when Taylor arrived. One of Taylor's predecessors was Booker T. Washington's brother, who had some construction experience. But these buildings didn't have the eloquence or character of buildings designed by a classically trained architect. Washington saw the difference. He had been trained at Hampton Institute in Virginia, for which Richard Morris Hunt designed several buildings. Washington would have seen Hunt's work and he understood what architecture could mean for a sense of place." In a review of Robert R. Taylor and Tuskegee, Ben Steelman of Star News notes that "most intriguing are the hints Weiss finds of a longstanding friendship between Taylor and a fellow MIT alumnus from Wilmington, Hugh MacR

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ae. MacRae's reputation has suffered in recent years. H. Leon Prather (in We Have Taken a City) and Philip Gerard (in his novel Cape Fear Rising) have painted him as one of the bloodthirstiest plotters of the 1898 coup, and he did leave the land for the park that bears his name to the white residents of New Hanover County. Yet as early as 1918, Taylor was requesting that MacRae be invited to a Tuskegee commencement, noting that his interest in farm colonies had turned from transplanting foreign workers to employing 'Negro men.' During the Depression, Taylor and MacRae would together propose a program of Southern rural homesteading as a remedy for widespread African-American unemployment and poverty." Steelman goes on to praise Weiss's book, including that Weiss "adds an important footnote to Wilmington history and to our understanding of the Jim Crow era." In a Q&A that also appeared in Architect, Weiss suggests that Taylor's most important or influential building was the Tuskegee Chapel. "At its dedication, a New Yorker said it was a 'cathedral in the Black Belt,' where blacks and whites could stand equal before God. The chapel burned down in 1957. "The Carnegie Library exterior remains, even though its interior has been gutted. Its iconic portico asks us to consider the meaning of such Classicizing assertiveness, an emblem of authority for centuries, when it appears in a black school in the Deep South just as Jim Crow was locking in. In 1901, the year the library was built, the Alabama constitution denied the vote to most African-Americans. Meanwhile, Southern whites were threatening Washington's life and the school's existence for all sorts of effrontery, even as some Northern blacks thought the principal was knuckling under to the racists and selling out his people. Perhaps Taylor and Washington were asserting racial parity in the safer medium of design." Finally, in an Encyclopedia of Alabama entry about Robert Taylor written by Weiss, she includes an unusual fact of Taylor's death: "In December 1942, while visiting family in Tuskegee, he collapsed in the chapel he had designed and built and died on December 13, in the hospital he had designed and built. He was buried in Wilmington's Pine Forest Cemetery, which his father had helped found." Taylor, Weiss writes, "had a prolific and wide-ranging career." Read more about Robert Taylor from Star News, Architect magazine, and the Encyclopedia of Alabama; Fred Kazen's The Sound of Books is also available for listening online. Robert R. Taylor and Tuskegee: An African American Architect Designs for Booker T. Washington is available direct from NewSouth Books, Amazon, or your favorite bookstore. Robert Taylor architectural biography praised in New York Times, Press-Register Friday, January 13th, 2012 by Brian Seidman Dr. Ellen Weiss's new lushly-illustrated biography of African American architect Robert Taylor is helping bring this figure the recognition he deserves. The January 12 New York Times "Antiques" column called Taylor a "pioneering architect," and the Mobile Times-Register called Weiss's book on Taylor, Robert R. Taylor and Tuskegee: An African American Architect Designs for Booker T. Washington, "long overdue." The Times-Register article "Southern Bound: Tuskegee architect finally gets his due," by John Sledge, calls Weiss a "thorough researcher and a graceful writer who nicely balances Taylor's personal and professional lives." Indeed Weiss describes Taylor's early life and includes both Taylor's own letters, and writing about Taylor by his contemporaries, along with detailed accounts of the buildings that Taylor designed at Alabama's Tuskegee Institute, later Tuskegee University. Many of those buildings are still in use. "I feel I know him," Weiss told New York Times reporter Eve Kahn for the "Antiques" column, given the volume of documents Weiss studied related to Taylor. Weiss contextualizes Taylor's accomplishments, examining them against the Jim Crow laws of the 1900s. As the Times-Register notes: Weiss is also very good on the difficulties that black architects and tradesmen faced in a constr

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1,332,287

1,024

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Review: And Freedom Became a Public-Square (Red Egg Review) September 26, 2013 / Ivan Plis (Note: this was originally published in the September 2013 issue of the now-defunct Red Egg Review. Reproduced here in full with permission from the editors.) There is a popular idea among Orthodox Christians that the Church benefits from special recognition by the state. This follows from the assumptions that godly emperors ruled Byzantium and Russia before being overthrown by interlopers and that the Church lost its power and influence thereafter. American Orthodox Christians, who are forced to inhabit a scattered and irregular ecclesial reality, often find this narrative especially appealing. A state that recognizes a united Orthodox populace would seem to be a sign of strength and vitality. Surely, the idea goes, Greeks and Russians were holier, purer, and freer from sin before the encroachment of Muslims and Communists. But in the Arab world, where Christians have been a minority for centuries, the Church tells different stories about itself. A Syrian or Egyptian Christian would be hard-pressed to imagine a golden age of unity between church and crown that resonates with their own historical experience. Instead, for Arab Christians nearly all memories of religiously-mandated rule are painful. They have faced a unique series of challenges by the state, from marginalization under the Ottoman Empire to the threat of total exclusion by modern Islamist political movements. They have also had to face troubles that they share with their Muslim neighbors. Just in the last century, these have included the rule of heavy-handed and dictatorial police states, economic stagnation, the traumas of the conflict between Israel and the Palestinians, and numerous wars with all the upheaval and dislocation that they bring to ordinary citizens. Since late 2010, the risk has been amplified. A wave of revolts seeking to replace despots with democrats has led to a chaotic series of power struggles in Egypt and the election of untested Islamists in Tunisia, while other rulers' responses have ranged from peacefully relinquishing power (Ali Abdullah Saleh in Yemen) to doubling down in efforts to put down dissidents (the ruling Al Khalifa family in Bahrain). But in Syria alone, Bashar al-Asad's crackdown on demonstrators has led to a bloody and protracted civil war. Christians who have long counted on the regime's protection are now being targeted by certain elements of the rebellion, including the two metropolitans of Aleppo whose fate is still unknown. And as I prepare this review for publication, Western powers are weighing the option of military action to punish the regime for the public use of chemical weapons in rebel-controlled suburbs of Damascus. Such circumstances demand a Christian response to the upheaval that threatens to extinguish their historical presence in the region. In And Freedom Became A Public-Square (LIT Verlag 2012), Najib Awad attempts to give such a response. As a Syrian-born Protestant theologian, Awad is in some ways uniquely suited for the task. The book may be the first full-length work to articulate an Arab Christian response to the uprisings of the last few years; it certainly is the first in English. While it has a particular focus on Syria, Awad deals with the physical and spiritual security of Christian communities from Iraq to Palestine to Egypt. There is plenty to commend in Awad's work, which is sure to inform other writers for decades to come. But unfortunately, American Orthodox readers hoping for clarification and instruction may be disappointed. First, Awad's English is wildly uneven. There are numerous spelling and usage errors, he does not adhere to a standard transliteration system for Arabic, and in general it is apparent that English is not his language of greatest fluency. This is even the case to the point of distraction: there is at least one mention of "gorilla fighters," and the rather peculiar title And Freedom Became a Public-Square is never fully explained. I fear that any further critique will be one of a message garbled in translation. Second, Awad is writing for an audience that is familiar with the entirety of his broad scholarly background. I am sure that some of his readers are as fluent in modern Protestant political Christology as they are in 19th-century Arab intellectual movements

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1,332,288

0

CommonCrawl

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, but many others will likely be lost or put off through their own lack of expertise. When combined with Awad's occasionally unclear writing, it can be daunting to comprehend the full scope of his arguments. The third major obstacle is simply that Awad writes like a contemporary Protestant theologian. This is not innately bad, but it does mean that when the book attempts to encompass themes of theology, history, and politics, the first becomes overly dense and the latter two are left to contend with vague generalities. Orthodox readers may be largely unfamiliar with the theologians to whom Awad refers, very few of whom wrote prior to 1900 and who generally have little to say about the Orthodox Church's particular condition in the region. In the lengthy section entitled "The Arab Christians and the Promise of a Contextual Discourse," Awad seeks to develop a novel theological approach to the uprisings in the Arab world, with a particular focus on Syria. Awad is among those Syrian Christians who keep hope in a just and equitable overthrow of Asad's regime and he believes that Christians can and ought to position themselves in a way that secures their safety in Syria's future. Comparing Syria to the rest of the Arab world, he suggests that the Christian population is part of what makes Syria unique, and their presence in the new Syria is indispensable. Therefore, they must confidently live the Gospel and take their place in the evolving public sphere, without defensiveness or a narrative of victimization. Those familiar with contemporary Arab theologians may note that Father Georges Massouh has also been a proponent of this approach, drawing richly on both Orthodox and Islamic sources. [1] While this message is compelling and provocative — offering a direct response to the Christian voices we often hear defending Asad as the better of two evils in Syria — its execution is that of a specialist. This section of the book is built on reflections concerning Jesus and politics that draw upon Karl Barth and Hans Küng, among others. The focus here is almost exclusively on the example of Christ's preaching and ministry, arguably at the cost of His redemptive Passion and Resurrection. [2] Awad concludes that Christ's quiet subversion of the power structure in Roman Palestine is a call for Christians to redirect politics away from the control-based paradigm suggested by the Arabic word for "politics," siyāsa, and toward the communal life suggested by the Greek politeia. From there, Awad moves on to a lengthy discussion of Near Eastern Christians' duty to embrace a theology of religions that enables substantive and constructive dialogue with Islam. (Readers may note that Hartford Seminary in Connecticut, where Awad teaches, is known for its efforts to foster dialogue between Muslim and Protestant theologians.) He urges the construction of what he calls an "Arabic contextual theology" that brings a Biblical understanding of violence and peacemaking to the unique political and social clashes found in the region. On its own terms, Awad's theological reasoning is sound and satisfying. But needless to say, this is an easier suggestion to make in the Western theological academy than in the bloodied streets of Aleppo or Homs. However much Awad may invoke Christian leaders in the Syrian opposition, the fact remains that Christians have suffered disproportionately in the clash over Syria's future, and often at the hands of rebel groups. For many of Syria's Christians, their reluctance and fear to overthrow the dictator they have known — brutal though he may be — is more than just the trauma shared by all Syrians in the face of state thuggery and rebel backlash, though that is undoubtedly a part of their experience too. It is a uniquely existential worry, and their approval of an allegiance between church and state comes from a desperate desire to survive. This state of affairs simply cannot be ignored. This has become especially true in recent months. Awad's picture of the Syrian conflict comes, at the latest, from the summer of 2012. Since then, it has become more apparent that the civil war will permanently alter Syria's social fabric, especially with the looming threat of Western military involvement. The number of prominent Christians voicing support for the opposition has dwindled, and many "liberated" territories have seen rebels commit atrocities such as the execution of a 15-year-

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Marin 'age-friendly' initiatives reshape lives,… Marin 'age-friendly' initiatives reshape lives, communities Yoga instructor Stacie Dooreck leads a chair yoga class for seniors at the Age-Friendly Intergenerational Center in Corte Madera on Tuesday. (Alan Dep/Marin Independent Journal) PUBLISHED: November 25, 2018 at 4:50 pm | UPDATED: November 25, 2018 at 5:11 pm Sausalito took the top prize in a worldwide contest this year for its initiatives that help seniors stay in their homes. Along with Porto, Portugal, and Barcelona, Spain, the World Health Organization recognized Sausalito as one of three cities leading the "age-friendly" movement, which has become a sweeping trend throughout Marin. Following Sausalito's lead, five other Marin cities and towns and the county in recent years have joined the push to create age-friendly programs under the World Health Organization's guidance. The organization recognizes and advises communities that are committed to promoting "healthy and active aging and a good quality of life for their older residents," according to its website. The initiatives are timely for Marin County, which has an aging population, said Sybil Boutilier, chair of Sausalito's Age-Friendly Task Force. According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the county's median age jumped from 41.3 to 44.5 years old between the 2000 and 2010 censuses. During that same time period, the proportion of adults age 65 and older jumped from 13.6 to 16.7 percent of the population. "We need to be planning for this longevity trend," Boutiluer said. And Sausalito has done just that. The city's mayor, Joan Cox, said it was an honor to be recognized on a global stage. "We are very proud of Sausalito for being a leader in many of our age-friendly programs," Cox said. The city's most recent age-friendly initiative was to pass regulations that give older homeowners exemptions from permit fees when making home modifications that increase accessibility. Susan Frank was among the first to take advantage of that incentive. The 24 steps leading up to Frank's 107-year-old Sausalito home are steep. More than three decades since she first moved into the house, the daily climb up to Frank's front door had become a treacherous feat. The 70-year-old Sausalito resident saved about $350 in permit fees when she decided to build a handrail for her steps this year. She said it wasn't a huge savings on the expensive project, but she felt grateful that city leaders were keeping seniors in mind. "It's more about the gesture," she said. "It's not a huge amount that was taken off, but it was enough where I felt like, OK, thank you, Sausalito." In Corte Madera, the unveiling of an "intergenerational center" this year was a huge milestone for the town's age-friendly task force. When Patti Stoliar shared her vision for the center with Corte Madera officials last year, she wondered, "If you build it, will they come?" "Well," she said, "they came." Age-friendly Corte Madera now holds daily exercise classes, art workshops, games and lecture series at its hugely popular intergenerational center. The group also organizes art classes and events for kids in an effort to create a welcoming space for people of all ages to commingle. "People are now complaining that our chair yoga and art classes don't have enough space," Stoliar said. The idea, she said, is to get older residents out of isolation and into community spaces. "People recognize they need to be with other people, and you really need a place where they can come together," she said. "That's what our hunch was, and I think it's proven that we're right." Novato was recognized by the World Health Organization as an age-friendly community last year, and leaders of the movement in that city have just kicked off their first major project.

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Dana Robbins / Jazz Host Dana Robbins shows Dana has been part of a few different musical projects, such as presiding over an online radio program, drummer for a local blues band and producer for an entertainment company. Please join Dana on Friday nights from 10 pm-midnight as he hosts JAZZ360. Email: [email protected] Duke Robillard Whether it's a song, a style, an idiom or an image, Duke Robillard will render it with mastery, power, nuance and an unerring grasp of its essence. Born Michael John Robillard in Woonsocket, R.I., Duke has carved out one of blues' most illustrious legacies, while also trodding some lofty related territories as a guitarist, vocalist, songwriter, bandleader, studio sideman, producer, label operator, and educator. After showing an early affinity for music and guitar, he founded Roomful Of Blues with pianist Al Copley in Westerly, R.I., in 1967. By adding horns, Roomful announced itself emphatically as the prototypical jump blues band and became a New England legend and a fixture beyond, as did Duke himself. His unsurpassed mastery of the guitar style of T-Bone Walker (later crystallized memorably in his 2004 release "Blue Mood") was deservedly heralded, but his breadth was also head-turning — from swing, standards and ballads to rockers, gutbucket Chicago blues, and rockabilly. By the time Duke left Roomful after a dozen years, he was firmly established in the upper echelon of contemporary blues guitarists. Duke went from Roomful to a stint with rockabilly revivalist Robert Gordon and then to the first iteration of the Legendary Blues Band, composed primarily of then-recent Muddy Waters sidemen. The Duke Robillard Band debuted in 1981, re-emerging as The Pleasure Kings with their eponymous 1984 album on Rounder. It and its sequel, "Too Hot To Handle," burnished Duke's songwriting portfolio; the 1987 jazz outing "Swing" (with saxophonist Scott Hamilton) underscored his versatility and remains a highlight. Continuing his solo career, Duke replaced Jimmie Vaughan with The Fabulous Thunderbirds in 1990. He cut his own much-awaited straight blues album "Duke's Blues" in 1993 for Canadian imprint Stony Plain, leading eventually to a rewarding, continuing and prolific alliance, along with releases during the ensuing years on Point Blank/Virgin and Shanachie, as well as instructional videos. He has also launched his own labels with Jesse Finkelstein, Blue Duchess/Shining Stone. Duke's prolificity has included producing albums by Billy Boy Arnold, Joe Louis Walker, Rosco Gordon, Jimmy Witherspoon and Jay McShann, Zuzu Bollin, Billy Price and Otis Clay, Sunny Crownover, Bryan Lee and Al Basile as well as recording two collaborations with Herb Ellis, a pairing with his successor in Roomful, Ronnie Earl, a seat in the New Guitar Summit with J. Geils and Gerry Beaudoin, additional studio credits with Bob Dylan (the well-regarded 1997 "Time Out Of Mind"), Ruth Brown, Johnny Adams, Pinetop Perkins, Snooky Pryor, Al Copley, Todd Sharpville and Tony Z, and touring with Tom Waits in 2006. Duke's resume is decorated with Grammy nominations, Handy Awards and Blues Music Awards, and other honors for his artistry, recordings and productions within the United States and internationally. On his latest release, "Duke Robillard and his Dames of Rhythm" on M.C. Records, he wields an acoustic archtop and joins six thrushes for evocative and enjoyable renditions of 1920s and 1930s swing tunes; it's a worthy successor to his 2016 BMA-winning "The Acoustic Blues And Roots Of Duke Robillard." Duke remains based in Rhode

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Andersen, Brian , University of Copenhagen Emergent Magnetic Degeneracy in Iron Pnictides due to the Interplay between Spin-Orbit Coupling and Quantum Fluctuations. Physical Review Letters. 121. 2018 Imaging orbital-selective quasiparticles in the Hund's metal state of FeSe. Nature Materials. 17. 2018 Magnetic ground state and magnon-phonon interaction in multiferroic h-YMnO3. Physical Review B. 97. 2018 Magnetic phase diagram of the iron pnictides in the presence of spin-orbit coupling: Frustration between C2 and C4 magnetic phases. Physical Review B. 98. 2018 Raising the Critical Temperature by Disorder in Unconventional Superconductors Mediated by Spin Fluctuations. Physical Review Letters. 121. 2018 Spin Waves in Detwinned BaFe2As2. Physical Review Letters. 121. 2018 Spin-Orbit Coupling and Magnetic Anisotropy in Iron-Based Superconductors. Physical Review Letters. 121. 2018 Unravelling Incommensurate Magnetism and Its Emergence in Iron-Based Superconductors. Physical Review X. 8. 2018 Discovery of orbital-selective Cooper pairing in FeSe. Science. 357. 2017 Fast recovery of the stripe magnetic order by Mn/Fe substitution in F-doped LaFeAsO superconductors. Physical Review B. 95. 2017 Imaging the real space structure of the spin fluctuations in an iron-based superconductor. Nature Communications. 8. 2017 Interplay of nematic and magnetic orders in FeSe under pressure. Physical Review B. 95. 2017 Orbital selective pairing and gap structures of iron-based superconductors. Physical Review B. 95. 2017 Robustness of a quasiparticle interference test for sign-changing gaps in multiband superconductors. Physical Review B. 95. 2017 Role of multiorbital effects in the magnetic phase diagram of iron pnictides. Physical Review B. 96. 2017 Scanning tunnelling spectroscopy as a probe of multi-Q magnetic states of itinerant magnets. Nature Communications. 8. 2017 Superconducting Phase Diagram of the Paramagnetic One-Band Hubbard Model. Journal of Superconductivity and Novel Magnetism. 30. 2017 Universality of scanning tunneling microscopy in cuprate superconductors. Physical Review B. 96. 2017 Collective magnetic excitations of C4-symmetric magnetic states in iron-based superconductors. Physical Review B. 94. 2016 Electronic vortex structure of Fe-based superconductors: Application to LiFeAs. Physical Review B. 93. 2016 Impact of iron-site defects on superconductivity in LiFeAs. Physical Review B. 94. 2016 Magnetic Fluctuations in Pair-Density-Wave Superconductors. Physical Review Letters. 116. 2016 Role of magnetic dopants in the phase diagram of Sm 1111 pnictides: The case of Mn. Physical Review B. 94. 2016 Self-organized topological superconductivity in a Yu-Shiba-Rusinov chain. Physical Review B. 93. 2016 Spin-driven nematic instability of the multiorbital Hubbard model: Application to iron-based superconductors. Physical Review B. 93. 2016 Spiral magnetic order and topological superconductivity in a chain of magnetic adatoms on a two-dimensional superconductor. Physical Review B. 9

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4. 2016 Superconducting phase diagram of itinerant antiferromagnets. Physical Review B. 93. 2016 Towards a quantitative description of tunneling conductance of superconductors: Application to LiFeAs. Physical Review B. 94. 2016 Unconventional Disorder Effects in Correlated Superconductors. Physical Review Letters. 117. 2016 Competing magnetic double-Q phases and superconductivity-induced reentrance of C2 magnetic stripe order in iron pnictides. Physical Review B. 92. 2015 Competing superconducting and magnetic order parameters and field-induced magnetism in electron-doped Ba(Fe1−xCox)2As2. Physical Review B. 91. 2015 Doping asymmetry of superconductivity coexisting with antiferromagnetism in spin fluctuation theory. New Journal of Physics. 17. 2015 Effects of Lifshitz Transition on Charge Transport in Magnetic Phases of Fe-Based Superconductors. Physical Review Letters. 114. 2015 Ferroelectricity in underdoped La-based cuprates. Scientific Reports. 5. 2015 Field-induced interplanar magnetic correlations in the high-temperature superconductor La1.88Sr0.12CuO4. Physical Review B. 91. 2015 Impurity-induced antiferromagnetic order in Pauli-limited nodal superconductors: Application to heavy-fermion CeCoIn5. Physical Review B. 92. 2015 Interpretation of Scanning Tunneling Quasiparticle Interference and Impurity States in Cuprates. Physical Review Letters. 114. 2015 Local Magnetization Nucleated by Non-magnetic Impurities in Fe-based Superconductors. Journal of Superconductivity and Novel Magnetism. 28. 2015 Model of Electronic Structure and Superconductivity in Orbitally Ordered FeSe. Physical Review Letters. 115. 2015 Pairing symmetry of the one-band Hubbard model in the paramagnetic weak-coupling limit: A numerical RPA study. Physical Review B. 92. 2015 Spin excitations in a model of FeSe with orbital ordering. Physical Review B. 92. 2015 Spin excitations in the nematic phase and the metallic stripe spin-density wave phase of iron pnictides. Physical Review B. 91. 2015 Spin reorientation driven by the interplay between spin-orbit coupling and Hund's rule coupling in iron pnictides. Physical Review B. 92. 2015 Using superlattice potentials to probe long-range magnetic correlations in optical lattices. Physical Review A. 92. 2015 Emergent Defect States as a Source of Resistivity Anisotropy in the Nematic Phase of Iron Pnictides. Physical Review Letters. 113. 2014 Enhancement of Magnetic Stripe Order in Iron-Pnictide Superconductors from the Interaction between Conduction Electrons and Magnetic Impurities. Physical Review Letters. 113. 2014 Origin of electronic dimers in the spin-density wave phase of Fe-based superconductors. Physical Review B. 89. 2014 hide from search Bi-Quadratic Magnetoelectric Coupling in Underdoped La2CuO4+x. Journal of Superconductivity and Novel Magnetism. 2013 Glassy low-energy spin fluctuations and anisotropy gap in La1.88Sr0.12CuO4. Physical Review B. 2013 Impurity Bound States and Disorder-Induced Orbital and Magnetic Order in the s± State of Fe-Based Superconductors. Journal of Super

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◯ ◯ ◯ Vol 7 – Ubiquity Journal of Pervasive Media michaelkissick News 29/12/2020 16/01/2021 Issue #1: Volume 7, 2020 Published. https://www.ubiquityjournal.net/ Issue #1: Volume 7, 2020 ingentaconnect download 3–16: Architectural paradox in the smart home – ALEXANDER ĆETKOVIĆ Bernard Tschumi pointed out that architecture redefines itself continuously out of the conflict between it being a product of abstract design and the condition that architecture is experienced sensually – conditions that are interdependent and, at the same time, mutually exclusive. How does this relationship change when a further layer is introduced, the user roles determined by the digitized home? For the users, the conceived roles (design and digital) stand in competition and sometimes even in conflict with the habitual roles experienced by their bodies in the physical environment. The awareness of the juxtaposition of the different roles can lead to interesting new possibilities in the user-architecture relationship. On the other hand, disguising or even hiding the differences can not only frustrate users but also further undermine their trust in a technology that tries to impose such roles or, in the users' eyes, even tries to abuse them. E-mail: [email protected] 17–23: Eco art: Art is life and life is embedded in nature – NINA CZEGLEDY Nature may be considered as the world of living organisms and their environment; in a larger sense, the shape of nature can also be understood to include particular extents of space and time. The visual perspectives of nature form a particular course that begins with the earliest historical depictions and might be currently expressed by a variety of cross-disciplinary contributions. The diverse perspectives form eclectic threads that today are frequently manifested within the eco-activist art movement. Several of the contemporary ecological art projects are grounded in explicit experiences and connections to specific spaces relevant to where the work is created. The local or international ecological labs, experimental urban gardens, projects on the migration of plants and the creation of new species included here are all new models contributing to a speculative future culture. E-mail: [email protected] 25–36: Between Us: Desire, touch and seduction as immaterial agents in augmented sonic artworks – JANE GRANT New media has expanded our experiences of art forms from the retinal to the immersive and embodied. This evolution offers novel experiences as we push the boundaries of these emerging technologies. Recently, I have been working with augmented reality headsets. These headsets sometimes separate us from the physical and the sensory, substituting the world of matter for the virtual. My research questions whether the exchange of the sensory for the digital provides an opportunity to redesign experiences that act upon the body? Developing sound design to create the illusion of touching, could our skin become a site where artworks are experienced? E-mail: [email protected] 37–46: Weaving quantum chaos – PAUL THOMAS No matter how hard we strive to be certain, absolute certainty cannot be achieved. The article focuses on chaos to identify, conceptualize and visualize a liminal space between the classical and quantum world, where everything is in some state of chaos. The article asks questions of visualizing the invisible, indiscernible and unfathomable quantum world of subatomic particles. This quantum artistic research examines a role of atomic and subatomic particles in the search for consciousness, materially, ethically, scientifically and culturally. The burden of molecular ethics and aesthetics of care are discussed to enable a critique of the information given to us by science. E-mail: [email protected] Leonardo: A 'mind space' in transit – CHRISTIANA KAZAKOU This ultimate Archaeology celebrates the legacy of Leonardo, an idea that became a Journal that developed into a global transdisciplinary community. The author reflects on the last half century of innovation in the practice of art and science that has galvanized generations of creative practitioners entangled in the turbulence of

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Nuclear War: Just Another Day Colin Todhunter Catastrophic events that send the world into turmoil happen on 'just another day'. The atom bomb that exploded over Hiroshima took place while thousands of ordinary folk were just going about their everyday business on 'just another day'. A missile attack on a neighbourhood in Gaza or a drone attack on unsuspecting civilians in Afghanistan: death and destruction come like a bolt from the blue as people shop at the local market or take their kids to school on 'just another day'. Will it be 'just another day' when the next nuclear bomb is exploded in anger, an ordinary day when people are just going about their daily business? By then it might be too late to do anything, too late to act to try to prevent an unfolding global catastrophe on a scale never before witnessed by humans. Yet so many appear too apathetic and wrapped up in a world of gadgets, technology, shopping malls, millionaire sports players and big-time sports events to think that such a thing could be imminent. Are they so preoccupied with the machinations of their own lives in cotton-wool cocooned societies to think that what is happening in Syria or Iraq is just too boring to follow or that it doesn't really concern them or it is 'not my problem'? Do they think they are untouchable, that only death, war and violence happens in faraway places? Could any of us even contemplate that on some not-too-distant day a series of European cities could be laid waste within a matter of minutes? It isn't worth thinking about. Or is it. The US (and the West's) foreign policy is being driven on the basis of fake morality and duplicity. Millions lie dead in Iraq, Afghanistan, Syria and Libya as a result of US-led imperialism, and nuclear-armed Russia is constantly demonised simply because it will not acquiesce to Washington and serve as a vassal state. And now, as the US continues to stir up tensions with Iran and as China warns neighbouring countries about allowing US nuclear missiles aimed at it on their territories, much of the Western public and media remain oblivious to the dangers of conflict escalation and the biggest immediate threat to all life on Earth: nuclear war. The threat of mass murder Some fell to the ground and their stomachs already expanded full, burst and organs fell out. Others had skin falling off them and others still were carrying limbs. And one in particular was carrying their eyeballs in their hand." The above extract comes from an account by a Hiroshima survivor talking about the fate of her schoolmates. In 2016, it was read out in the British parliament by Scottish National Party MP Chris Law during a debate about Britain's nuclear arsenal. In response to a question from MP George Kereven, the then British PM Theresa May said without hesitation that, if necessary, she would authorise the use of a nuclear weapon that would kill hundreds of thousands of innocent men, women and children. May also implied that those wishing to scrap Britain's nuclear weapons are siding with the nation's enemies. Politicians like May read from a script devised by elite interests. This transnational capitalist class dictates global economic policies and decides on who lives and who dies and which wars are fought and inflicted on which people. The mainstream narrative tends to depict individuals who belong to this class as 'wealth creators'. In reality, however, these 'high flyers' have stolen ordinary people's wealth, stashed it away in tax havens, bankrupted economies and have imposed a form of globalisation that results in devastating destruction and war for those who attempt to remain independent or structurally adjusted violence via privatisation and economic neo-liberalism for millions in countries that have acquiesced. While ordinary folk across the world have been subjected to policies that have resulted in oppression, poverty and conflict, this is all passed off by politicians and the mainstream media as the way things must be. The agritech sector poisons our food and agriculture. Madelaine Albright says it was worth it to have killed half a million kids in Iraq to secure energy resources for rich corporations and extend the wider geopolitical goals of 'corporate America'. The welfare state is dismantled and austerity is imposed on millions. The rich increase

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their already enormous wealth. Powerful corporations corrupt government machinery and colonise every aspect of life for profit. Environmental destruction and ecological devastation continue apace. And nuclear weapons hang over humanity like the sword of Damocles. The public is supposed to back this status quo in support of what? Austerity, powerlessness, imperialism, propping up the US dollar and a moribund system. For whom? Occidental Petroleum, Soros, Murdoch, Rothschild, BP, JP Morgan, Boeing and the rest of the elite and their corporations whose policies are devised in think tanks and handed to politicians to sell to a largely ignorant public: those who swallow the lie about some 'war on terror' or Washington as the world's policeman, protecting life and liberty. Rejecting hegemonic thought Many believe nuclear weapons are a necessary evil and fall into line with hegemonic thinking about humanity being inherently conflictual, competitive and war-like. Such tendencies do of course exist, but they do not exist in a vacuum. They are fuelled by capitalism and imperialism and played upon by politicians, the media and elite interests who seek to scare the population into accepting a 'necessary' status quo. Co-operation and equality are as much a part of any arbitrary aspect of 'human nature' as any other defined characteristic. These values are, however, sidelined by a system of capitalism that is inherently conflict-ridden and expansionist. Much of humanity has been convinced to accept the potential for instant nuclear Armageddon hanging over its collective head as a given, as a 'deterrent'. However, the reality is that these weapons exist to protect elite, imperialist interests or to pressure others to cave into their demands. If the 20th century has shown us anything, it is these interests are adept at gathering the masses under notions of flag, god and country to justify their slaughter. To prevent us all shuddering with the fear of the threat of instant nuclear destruction on a daily basis, it's a case of don't worry, be happy, forget about it and watch TV. It was the late academic Rick Roderick who highlighted that modern society trivialises issues that are of ultimate importance: they eventually become banal or 'matter of fact' to the population. People are spun the notion that nuclear-backed militarism and neoliberalism and its structural violence are necessary for securing peace, defeating terror, creating prosperity or promoting 'growth'. The ultimate banality is to accept this pack of lies and to believe there is no alternative, to acquiesce or just switch off to it all. Instead of acquiescing and accepting it as 'normal', we should listen to writer and campaigner Robert J Burrowes: Many people evade responsibility, of course, simply by believing and acting as if someone else, perhaps even 'the government', is 'properly' responsible. Undoubtedly, however, the most widespread ways of evading responsibility are to deny any responsibility for military violence while paying the taxes to finance it, denying any responsibility for adverse environmental and climate impacts while making no effort to reduce consumption, denying any responsibility for the exploitation of other people while buying the cheap products produced by their exploited (and sometimes slave) labour, denying any responsibility for the exploitation of animals despite eating and/or otherwise consuming a range of animal products, and denying any part in inflicting violence, especially on children, without understanding the many forms this violence can take." Burrowes concludes by saying that ultimately, we evade responsibility by ignoring the existence of a problem. The evasion of responsibility, acquiescence and acceptance are, of course, part of the conditioning process. The 'problem' encompasses not only ongoing militarism, but the structural violence of neoliberal capitalism, aided and abetted by the World Bank, IMF and the WTO. It's a type of violence that is steady, lingering and a daily fact of life under globalised capitalism. Of course, oppression and conflict have been a feature throughout history and have taken place under various economic and political systems. Indeed, in his various articles, Burrowes goes deep into the psychology and causes of violence. But there is potentially a different path for humanity. In 1990, the late British MP Tony Benn gave a speech

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in parliament (above) that indicated the kind of values that such a route might look like. Benn spoke about having been on a crowded train, where people had been tapping away on calculators and not interacting or making eye contact with one another. It represented what Britain had apparently become under Thatcherism: excessively individualistic, materialistic, narcissistic and atomised. The train broke down. As time went by, people began to talk with one another, offer snacks and share stories. Benn said it wasn't too long before that train had been turned into a socialist train of self-help, communality and comradeship. Despite the damaging policies and ideology of Thatcherism, these features had survived her tenure, were deeply embedded and never too far from the surface. For Tony Benn, what had been witnessed aboard that train was an aspect of 'human nature' that is too often suppressed, devalued and, when used as a basis for political change, regarded as a threat to ruling interests. It is an aspect that draws on notions of unity, solidarity, common purpose, self-help and finds its ultimate expression in the vibrancy of community, the collective ownership of productive resources and co-operation. The type of values far removed from the destructive, divisive ones of imperialism and capitalism which key politicians and the corporate media protect and promote. Filed under: empire watch, featured, latest Tagged with: Afghanistanm, Colin Todhunter, Hiroshima, Iraq, Japan, Libya, Margaret Thatcher, nuclear war, nuclear weapons, Syria, Theresa May, Tony Benn atari breakout Oct 7, 2019 2:27 AM Thank you for sharing this useful article information. I am really impressed with the article you provided. atari breakout Molloy O purblind race of miserable men, How many among us at this very hour Do forge a life-long trouble for ourselves, By taking true for false, or false for true; Here, through the feeble twilight of this world Groping, how many, until we pass and reach That other, where we see as we are seen! — Tennyson Jihadi Colin I can tell you this: Amerikastanis are so narcissistic, ignorant (by choice), stupid and tribalistic that they literally think that the universe outside the borders of their country are nothing more than a Hollywood film inhabited by black hat wearing villains (we humans) and that it's just the business of white hat wearing Amerikastani heroes to string us up. Their worldview is limited to what's fed them by their television screens, their attention span can be measured in milliseconds, the memory hole in which they consign inconvenient facts has no bottom, and their hypocrisy is vaster than the universe. As such, no, they don't care that they might be eliminated in a nuclear war. The possibility simply cannot occur to them. MASTER OF UNIVE Reply to Jihadi Colin Americans live in fear of being exposed as bullies & bully more out of psychological defense mechanism of reaction formation. That's all bullies know until they get punched in the mouth by someone tougher than they are. USA was punched in the mouth when the Lehman Moment struck. They have been overcompensating ever since out of bewilderment. Oct 5, 2019 3:31 PM And even if it did occur to them, they would visualise it as another big screen epic with them as spectators of their own demise. Wall Street governs existence for all. Wall Street existentialists advocate Hobbessian Brutishness so that the Hobbessian Brute in all of us can be free market based. The last brute is supposed to turn off the lights when everyone else is killed off. Warren Buffett, Mark Zuckerberg, & Bill Gates are jockeying for position as all time Hobbessian brutes in the race to the bottom right now. May the biggest brute win. Darwinian Evolution in end game play. Cuauhtemoc Negro The atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki were the single greatest acts of genocide in human history. Beware the Reckoning. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xn

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0I26EJi1o&t=1s Hujjatullah Sahib The 0.01% that actually control this world, without bringing God into the picture, have clearly gone mad. They are squandering vast amount of resourses to build and pile up increasingly destructive weapons that could accidentally be used to incenerate a wide swath of humanity. The sooner these classist lunatics are denied power the better it would be for the entire world ! Don't nutize nuclear power; just nano nuke their powerful nuts ! nottheonly1 It certainly looks like the U.S. regime is doing everything to start WW3. With impunity it is terrorizing innocent people in distant lands and not so innocent people at home. Americans ought to look at what the troops they support so unquestioning are doing in the Middle East. That will be their own future as well. Internally Displaced Syrian Refugees Tormented by US Forces Freedom and Democracy of psychopaths. Ramdan "Rapidly expanding nuclear arsenals in Pakistan and India portend regional and global catastrophe" https://advances.sciencemag.org/content/5/10/eaay5478 Reply to Ramdan After reading the article, I was wondering why there is no mentioning of ABM installations in both Pakistan and India. With Iran having built an effective ABM system, Pakistan and India could/would do the same? It would certainly raise the stakes, as more warheads would be needed to overcome the ABM systems of the enemy, correct? Reply to nottheonly1 After you get to this: "fatalities could reach 50 to 125 million people, and nuclear-ignited fires could release 16 to 36 Tg of black carbon in smoke, depending on yield. The smoke will rise into the upper troposphere, be self-lofted into the stratosphere, and spread globally within weeks. Surface sunlight will decline by 20 to 35%, cooling the global surface by 2° to 5°C and reducing precipitation by 15 to 30%, with larger regional impacts. Recovery takes more than 10 years. Net primary productivity declines 15 to 30% on land and 5 to 15% in oceans threatening mass starvation and additional worldwide collateral fatalities."….. I would say ABM-considered or not- is just a nuance… Not if one system works and the other one was bought from the U.S. Of course it was meant as a thought. What if – two sides (be them either Pakistan/India or others) would be able to cancel out each others attacks? Wouldn't that make the futility of the expenditures obvious? Same with a nuclear conflagration. Mutual Assured Destruction does exactly that. MAD is Sysiphos on steroids. With the exception that both adversaries will have to rebuild their countries after such an exchange. Which might take a while. But the companies that do the reconstruction might still be the same. The only racket is the war of terror. Nuclear war prevents quick recovery and thus swift profits to be made. If no profits can be made, then there will be no war. Other than accidentally. The US war plan during the 1960s involved a simultaneous attack on Russia, China and all their allies, including even tiny Albania, employing 3,600 large nuclear weapons with an typical yield of 1.5 megatons against 2,100 targets, including 900 cities, in the initial assault. Studies and projections put the fatal casualties from this operation at 285 million, though this was later reassessed and raised as high as 1,000 million. 650 million was eventually taken as an expected outcome, in effect splitting the difference. Of course, at this time, world population was about half what it is today. This assessment ignored Russian and Chinese retaliation, British and French nuclear arsenals, the thousands of tactical or battlefield nuclear weapons and chemical, biological and conventional weapons. It is known, for example, that in the event of war, in the case of Germany, nuclear weapons would have been deployed against Munich, Hamburg, Bonn and Frankfurt. It is unlikely that current nuclear weapons are any less destructive. Even absent a possible nuclear

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winter, it has been suggested that the 30-50-20 rule would apply. 30% of the population of a target country being wiped out in the initial attack. A further 50% dying off in the ensuing 6 month period from starvation, exposure, disease, radiation sickness, and the complete breakdown of order and civilisation generally, leaving a surviving residue of 20%. But the prospects for the survivors would not be particularly rosy. Everything required for human existence would have been destroyed. The electricity grid, fuel supplies, potable water, the transport system, even the most basic medical services, industry, agriculture and commerce. Most, if not all, of this 20% would be unlikely to survive longer than two years following the attack. Life for the survivors has been likened to a return to the Middle Ages, but this is clearly absurdly optimistic. Medieval societies were quite complex and sophisticated, producing magnificent cathedrals like Notre Dame and impregnable castles. Anything of this kind would be quite out of the question for the traumatised survivors. Even basic subsistence agriculture would probably be beyond their reach. And such a catastrophe becomes more and more likely with each passing year. Oct 3, 2019 11:36 AM Much appreciate your powerful article Colin. The state our World is in due to the rampaging 0.01%, along with their henchmen (and women such as Christine Lagarde) who continue raping and plundering the planet, and grinding the vast majority into the dirt. Including the slaughter of millions of human beings in the quest for new markets and resources – in the pursuit of ever more profits and the grotesque enrichment of a tiny number of vampires. I've mentioned this site numerous times here, but there's a site that lifts the lid on the warped con job of Neoliberalism called Neoliberalism Softpanorama. What is truly screwed up, and morally bankrupt and just depressing is that the large majority of people couldn't give a flying fig. Even when I've informed people about what is happening in Yemen, Syria, Libya, Palestine and many other countries or pointed them to sites like here, Moon Of Alabama, Strategic Culture, The Grayzone, and there's no response, no discussion, its like they never even looked at those sites I suggested. I know other commenters here have had similar experiences also. Once, people lived by morals, ethics, and a sense of what is right and wrong. Now it seems hedonism and narcissism runs rampant with a hefty dose of dog eat dog, the breakdown of community and bucket loads of me me me. When I was a young person, I had a long period of depression. Because I didn't want to grow up. I didn't want to become a 'grown-up'. Later I realized that I had been given the 'gift' of premonition. Knowing what's coming without being able to pin it down to something specific. All the visions I had came true so far. Especially the one that created the resistance to grow up and be part of a world that has it so backwards in every way. The people that couldn't give a flying fig are people that are unable, incapable to give a flying fig. They might very well want to, but they can't. Their program does not allow for that. They are so indoctrinated – most of all by their various religions – that it is impossible for them to look beyond what they were programmed with. People are Pavlovian Dogs. A lot of them, if not most of them to various degrees. And it certainly does not help that they have forgotten what 'Life' really means. They don't live anymore – they barely exist. They don't reflect on life, don't respect life and misunderstand life. Which is a tragedy, because they will be all dead soon. All of them. A look into the obituaries will reveal that. Which creates the question: "Why cut life short? Why make it artificially miserable?" It comes with enough suffering and pain in its natural state. Why add suffering and pain to it? The Yin and Yang like Sado/Masochism? For a long time I have published works that deal with the truth about what and who 'we' (as

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1,332,301

4,096

CommonCrawl

4

1

humans) are. Fewer people are interested in finding the answers, fewer than ever before. Which lead to the resignation of publishing other than commenting here and there on web sites that are frequented by real people. Like this one. Like you. For the whole lot, I see a darkness coming that suffocates the senses. It appears it has to be this way. Thank you for being there and here. I deeply appreciate your heartfelt reply and take it on board. I'm grateful there are like minded people here, and elsewhere. Thank you. <a href="[youtube https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TQn7peLy_p4?start=23&w=560&h=315%5D"> Let's play the game called Life! (Alan Watts with sounds and images) It's high time to democratise nuclear weapons. If Trump, Blair, and Netanyahu can have them, then so should every country in the world, including the smallest and most exploited. Or nobody should have them. One or the other. Reply to mark The argument will be refuted in the West by those who have 'em with "only we should have them, because others would use 'em on us." Or as the Magic Negro Nobel Peace Prize Obama said, "It is essential for our security that we spend another $2 trillion on more nuclear weapons. But Iran/ DPRK/ everybody else doesn't need any. They can make do with a BB gun and a couple of water pistols." Ran across this on a twitter account. Tony Benn's Questions. Never forget them. 1. What power have you got? 2. Where did you get it from? 3. In whose interest do you use it? 4. To whom are you accountable? 5. How do we get rid of you? How do we eliminate nuclear weapons when you have Washington and her allies threatening the world? North Korea can at least get a few winks at the moment, not so much Venezuela. Perhaps the Houthi are showing the way with you destroy us, we will take you down with us. Asymmetrical warfare. I wonder if what happened in Libya in 2011 happened in 2019. Libya might still be the richest country in Africa. Yes, nuclear weapons will be with us until kleptocracies no longer threaten the world. The full implementation of a multipolar world can not come fast enough. Is that like a 'buy one: get one free' hegemony? Three nuclear armed rapists will be sodomising humanity into dehumanisation, alienation, and degradation. Two of them will be paying the first for the privilege (it's all one tributary system under the dollar. The replacement will be worse for humanity). I can see I've lost the argument that Russia and China offering zero alternative to globalised, overfinancialised, neoliberal dehumanisation. But at least America was honest. When they said they were acting for humanitarian reasons: everyone knew they were lying. When Russia and China propagandise about sovereigntist humanism and a harmony of man and nature: people believe them. Why? The multipolar world will be the short swansong of humanity. The extension of overfinancialised globalised imperialism will be all the worse for having three neoliberal imperial rapists – or one imperial; two sub-imperial. The Eurasianist *Tianxia* – the technochratic ecofascism so welcomed by progressives – will be humanities suicide pact with neoliberal overfinancial imperialism and corporacratic hegemony – for the people, welcomed by the people (some of them at least). I'm sorry, I don't get it. The multipolar world will be our climax civilsation for sure: because nothing will survive it. Not much anyway. Orwell said "Humanities future is a jackboot in the face". I see three. For the people. Reply to BigB "I can see I've lost the argument that Russia and China offering zero alternative to globalised, overfinancialised, neoliberal dehumanisation." Not here, you haven't. "The multipolar world will be the short swansong of overfinancialised globalised imperialism by all 3 jackboots" : fixed it for you. Welcome to

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1,332,301

5,120

CommonCrawl

8

11

the world of Internet connected but many free nations. Nations can work together by admiring/ sharing each others talents / resources while respecting each other's space. Yes there are big guys and toddlers on the playground, but not any more one single giant. Too bad for the totalitarian forces! BigB… Aleksandr Dugin is one very scary person. I did a bit of research after a comment by you on another story about ecofascism, the blood and soil movement along with the trillions to be made from the greenwashing of capitalism – ushered in by false prophets and so called organisations like 350.org and Avaaz. All with their eyes on the pot of gold. This is the logical outcome of Neoliberalism – Regardless of who practices it. Its still going to screw humanity. We have been in an Epic Recession for 12 years …longer and deeper even than the Great Depression. And we all know what it took to end that one, don't we! The difference is fiat currency v gold standard. The central banks have entered the markets as artificial buoyancy aids – to keep the markets afloat with capital. This has become a false credit addiction with no cure. The cosmetic effects of half a gazillion of a fictitious capital anti-recovery are about to work themselves out with possibly the largest correction in history. That the recovery has started in the repo markets *before* the official crisis hits (we've never resolved the crisis – the new crisis is the old crisis deferred by 'money-printing'). The Epic Recession is set to get longer and deeper in the coming years. Fascism is crisis capitalism: and we are in the Marianna Trench of capitalist crisis – the longest and deepest of them all. As the mechanisms are poorly understood: the attempted recovery will perpetuate the deepening and defer a greater crisis to the future. The cure will include the primitive accumulation of whole countries worth of sovereign assets – stripped by those who created the crisis – in what Jack Rasmus aptly calls 'carrion capitalism'. The currency will be stabilised and centralised: privatised countries will be refloated and the people handed the bill. All tied up capital welfare – pensions and securities – will be liberalised and mobilised to privatise nature. Privatised nature will be rented out as environmental services – and the people handed the bill. We need no crystal ball to foresee that faced with permanent austerity and a multi-gazillion dollar – or 'synthetic hegemonic currency' – bill plus compound interest (all fiat will be toast) …the conditions will be rife for any number of charismatic personalities to step up and say: "I will promise you freedom from this form of illiberal capitalism with my new creed of ultranationalist unity: built on the common ancestry (ethnoi; narod) of national idealism (dasein) of the sovereigntist People". I suspect Dugin – or a younger sycophantic acolyte – will have a great future ahead of them. Humanity, not so much. I do not suppose anyone will heed the call to disarm now: before it is too late? Nuclear War: Just Another Day without Pakistani president's Imran Khan infront of the UN last month? In his long speech full with falsehoods he threatened that Pakistan is thinking of a nuclear war over Indian Kashmir. That from the land that sheltered Osama Bin Laden, Khalid Sheikh Mohammed, Maulana Masood Azhar . The man in mum on his own Baluchistan but also on Xinjiang, Yemen, Syria etc. Check after 48 minutes here: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sLSsBRZeCjg Reply to Antonym https://electronicintifada.net/content/inside-israels-million-dollar-troll-army/27566 Reply to milosevic https://news-communique.com/index.php/2019/08/25/pakistan-president-arif-alvi-leads-troll-army-releases-a-fake-video-to-malign-india/ Pakistan only developed nuclear weapons after India had done so first. But nuclear weapons in Pakistan are less worrying

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than the huge illegal nuclear arsenal of the utterly vile genocidal Zionist Regime. China attacked India conventionally in 1962 in the Himalaya. In 1964 China exploded its first atomic test bomb, in 1967 it first hydrogen bomb. India followed only then in 1974, too late to be admitted in the 5 member nuclear clubhouse. Next China secretly send Pakistan a nuke bomb design plus a plane load of plutonium. The Afghan war later made the CIA close its eyes for Pakistani nuclear smuggle from the West (Urenco) for uranium based weapons. The 1962 war was instigated by India. China limited the conflict and brought it to an end as swiftly as possible. Imran Khan is far less frightening from an Armageddon point of view than Nuttyyahoo or the genocidal Zionist Regime in general, which has long relished the prospect of the extermination of all the goyim. Spot on article, Colin. There is a vast network of western elites, including corporate bosses, politicians, media, military brass, think-tank propagandists and bought-and-sold academics, who work tirelessly to lull populations into acceptance of imperialist hegemony and the 'inevitability' of war. The survival of the planet and the human species depends upon enough people everywhere becoming aware of the falsity of such narratives as 'humanitarian intervention', 'regime change', etc., and actively opposing them. Precisely what Tony Benn said in his last interview. It is going to be n uphill struggle, but we must stay aware and positive, and ignore completely all the MSM presstitutes, who have their own agenda and are a law unto themselves. They are working tirelessly to make us despondent and apathetic. That is quite the dish. Allow me to compare it to a large pizza (humanity) with lots of different toppings on it (circumstances). Since the emphasis is given on 'nuclear war', I like to start with the mushrooms on the pizza. With the first mushroom clouds, an era was initiated that would ultimately completely alter human consciousness. Before the first atom bombs, wars were devastating, brutal and destructive – but survivable. 'Survival' before the first two nukes was threatened by physical force and albeit outlawed by chemical and biological warfare. After the mushroom clouds had settled, survival was also threatened by something invisible, tasteless, odorless and silent. Radiation. Radiation eludes the average mind, as it it not possible to grasp it. When its effects are apparent, death will be inevitable and might occur without any prior physical harm. The human mind is ill equipped for this kind of danger. Evolution outfitted humans with senses that are without exception useless when it comes to radiation. If you don't count the 6th sense in – to leave the area before it will be contaminated. I do my best to keep it short, but it is indeed very important to discuss this topic. Actually, humanity's continuance is depending on discussing this issue that is so many issues at once. Staying with the mushrooms some more, you may or may not remember, or know about the fake missile alert in Hawai'i on January 13th, 2018 – a lovely Saturday morning just like any other lovely morning. On my way to have breakfast in the village of Pahoa, I noticed cops driving around and stopping other vehicles, talking to the people inside. Then a cop stopped me too and told me that "The crazy guy has launched two ballistic missiles at Hawai'i. You should go home and stay with your family." That was an akward feeling for sure. Exactly like watching the two towers in Manhattan turn into pulver. I responded to him that "I need some breakfast first" and continued to the healthfood store. The remarkable fact is, that most of the Pahoa people would say "Oh yes? Okay then." There are no guarantees in life in the first place. It was apparent that those who were relatively new in town, or the area were hit the hardest by the fake alert. Especially on Oahu. There were other people at the healthfood store, obviously also not really concerned having breakfast. Some people though became very hysterical

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when the alarm went off on our phones. The cops had told people to turn around before the alert went out to the phones. An important point. Here however, it is only important how people reacted to this "Emergency Alert: Extreme – THIS IS NOT A DRILL. OK" While it was swept under the rag by local authorities and Washington as much as possible, this was the first incoming ballistic missile alert in the history of the U.S. The 'Emergency Alert System' that relays alerts to citizens' cell phones is not that old. There was no such alert before that explicitly stated "NOT A DRILL." Which resonates with the also mentioned 'structural violence' in the article. Structural violence here is the absence of any form of redress for this kind of abuse. A scapegoat is oushed before the people and that was it. It is now known that based on the "THIS IS NOT A DRILL" missile alert, scores of people are now suffering from PTSD – as the brain is incapable to separate fact from fiction, especially with the addendum that the incoming ballistic missiles are not a drill. Call me callous, but I have internalized George Carlin's set of simple rules of which number one is to "never believe what my government tells me". Feel free to let me know if you heard anything about compensation payments for emotional abuse. Even without nuclear war being an intentional threat – as there seems to be no real Dr. Strangelove in office, or left to make that decision single handed – the threat the nuclear arsenal poses is ludicrously high. Sure, nobody speaks about it on a regular basis, but even with nuclear warheads being excempt from planned obsolescence, the danger lies in the failure of the system, or components thereof. Even human error is in the mix. To understand that it is not necessary to have a madmen like Bolton, Pence and Pompeo push the proverbial button, will make it easier to argue that only a global ban of all nuclear weapons will be able to prevent the accidental launch of WW3. But of course there is still Choks out there and chock of it. Humanity must also end the design and stockpiling of 'B&C' weapons. It is now apparent to a large number of folks, that the pizza contains other toppings that humanity better removes from it. To these, I count all toppings that contain a slew of chemicals and toxins that at least influence, or at worst incapacitate or inhibit critical thinking and reason. Please refer to the articles here on OffGuardian about GMO food products and the huge amounts of pesticides/herbicides used in the agri-industry. In combination with fluoride (see also the article about fluoride on Paul Craig Roberts website) and without emphasis it should be clear that the combination of the toppings makes for a very unhealthy pizza. A pizza that creates such a large degree of indifference, depression, gullibility and willful ignorance based on reduced thinking abilities, that the threat of nuclear war can no longer be given the importance it should have. In this fact lies also the potential deception about the climate color revolution. If you have paid attention to the statements given by the members of the movement to save earth, you will have noticed that none of these voices demand an immediate end to militarism – the biggest polluter, resource terminator and global warmer on planet earth. Not a single word. Nowhere. If anything, controversy between Greta lovers and Greta doubters. No demands to close the Pentagon, NSA and CIA shops. The burners of energy at the countless data centers that collect any and all information about any and everybody on earth – minus the filthy rich. They are excempt from getting spied on 24/7/52. No mentioning also about the Federal FIAT money printers. There are so many toxic toppings, that it requires a sea change of human consciousness – a quantum consciousness leap of sorts to come to terms with the fact that humanity is betting against its own survival. There is still money to be made with nuclear warheads – actually more than ever before and now loads of dough can be made by selling people solutions for the ensuing climate collapse. What is – as always – missing in the global discourse, are down to Earth solutions that are implementable immediately by the masses. Subsidized by their governments that will have to be toppled to

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1,332,301

8,192

CommonCrawl

7

9

cease and desist to torment the masses with fake austerity that is nothing but gush up 'economics'. Change starts in the mind. From there it moves to action, or the ceasing of such actions that are detrimental to the collective organism. Really small things, like recycling the cordless phone at home and replacing it with a wired one – no more batteries needed (if not for a memory function). Planting fruit trees wherever possible. BDS plastic. Not only the bag at the checkout. No, everything that does not come in hemp cellophane (sic). No more buying stuff that was flown in from the other side of the planet. It is all in the details – the more insignificant the solutions appear, the more significant will be their implementations. Why risk a nuclear conflagration if we don't have to? Give warmongers the mental healthcare they need instead. Mandatory minimum life. Apologies, it wouldn't come any shorter. Doctortrinate I think…that in the beginning – a need was built, and from that minute, necessitous life, instead of instantly recognising the erroneous design and inevitability of reproducing for a recurring chained reaction – decided to indulge it…..and so it continued, just that over time, along came the mercenary, who recognised the power that could be aquired from that dependent dawn and the ease of which it could be taken advantage – the profitablity in exploiting consumption realized – and so it went, But as their hunger grew ,the power frenzied for more – and greater was the 'need' to engorge themselves….so, the more they stole….as for the others, they didn't know what hit them, docile and compliant, their true essence long unremembered – and now – three score and ten and a healthy repeat to take on the name is all they ask for – no matter who suffers for it. Loverat A similar question i guess came up in Prof Piers Robinson's interesting talk in South London this evening. But more in the context of finding solutions to the problem of modern propaganda. Which in a way is the same thing because if we dont find a solution to our poor thinking and obsession with gadgets, which make us vulnerable to propaganda, likely we will be all carrying our eyeballs around. Piers offered a number of ideas but while he hinted that war with china and russia could result perhaps after iran – this was described as a likely medium term possibilty so perhaps even he could not contemplate the short term risks. But having read this article I am yet more convinced the way to achieve this goal is too scare the hell out of people. It's the only way people will wake up. This could happen tomorrow- one spark in Syria is all that's needed. Brian Steere When time is done, it will be a moment of a day – perhaps like today. How can it be otherwise than the loss of the 'ordinary' or familiar to an un-framing of our consciousness fro which we may be completely unprepared – or which we may have experienced throughout our lives at different levels of challenge to our sense of continuity? There are many threads that feed into this theme. One is that man made mass destruction as opposed to Cosmic catastrophe or Earth changes is an expression of our consciousness – regardless we 'try' to counter, check, deny or hide it. While the mainstream narrative sees biology over millions of years occurring by gradual uniform change to gradual uniform change, I see our consciousness – (as we now believe and experience it), in the current cycle of our human record – is only a few thousand years old and that its activation and development – far from a gradual learning over great periods of time – exploded all around the world. That this was synchronous with catastrophic events breaking a 'golden age' is mythically recorded all around the world but rationally rejected – not least because the rational is a layer set over the 'unconscious; or repressed psyche. The god-king, the City-state and the idea of 'self' as power OVER life, and world is associated with Planetary cataclysm that our current cosmos and consciousness – has no way to access or make sense of. And so our Ancestors were imaginative and creative 'artists' who came up with all these insane story-myths and deadly serious ritual – that had no 'moral cohesion

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1,332,301

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CommonCrawl

4

1

' excepting to emulate, appease and align under powers of overwhelming force – that were themselves chaotic and periodically catastrophic – until all settled to the world in which a more linear narrative continuity could build as civilising cultural developments – WITHIN and alongside the archetypes of power struggle. There is another aspect to 'end times' that is apocalyptic – and literally I mean the drawing aside of the veil of devices by which we know not what we do – because we know not what we are. While I resonate with 'Separation Trauma' as being formative to the generating and structuring of our personality structure – as survival strategy – I also hold the sense that the splitting of the mind is WITHIN a greater whole that is forgotten or ruled out by division and conflict or 'doublethink'. Within our life focus we are for the most part almost exclusively identified with the body – but not as a true incarnation of embodiment of passion for life – but as a separating self-conscious inhibition of love AND of fear. Self-consciousness then usurps a true self-awareness as a masking of feared reality, under a narrative of continuity and control set as survival in terms of exposure to or reliving of such pain of loss. The imposition of 'order over chaos' as an ongoing struggle (and in which competing powers see the other as the evil, threat or chaos), is an archetypal narrative or mythic structure – in which we all serve different roles to each other – until we wake from 'structure' to being of a different order and quality than all the meanings of a conditioned (and self-conditioning) mind. I could have sketched how the tares have spread through the crop as a manipulative intent operating as private agenda beneath appearances – but breaking through as well as being falsely flagged onto proxies and patsies. But I do not feel drawn to engage in conflict with the conflicted – so much as release that for a simple desire for truth. It is my sense that no one can deny you the truth of who you are – excepting you give them the power to do so – or in other words do it to yourself under the assertion that they made you do it. Self-hatred is a terrible torment – and so it is hardly surprising that under its conviction we 'outsource' it to an alien will (the other). I'm sure no one cares to consider self-hattred when surely it is only those psychopathic evil scum that need to be pulled down and destroyed. But that is what I mean by outsourced self-hatred.Not that you are evil – but that the feared conviction that evil has a place in you is hated and cast out EXCEPTING when called down in righteous vengeance – when it takes on a sort of 'holiness' and the blanket firebombing of civilian populations becomes a sort of burnt sacrifice to a terrible god – that the 'Stockholm syndrome' aligns under as their only life. Lots of people use 'waking up' to mean seeing deceit. But that is only the first steap – and not a conclusion or destination. When what seemed true is undone of its status as fact – truth is OPEN to being discovered. Fixating on hateful deceits does not yield truth so much as petrify under the gorgon's horror. I recently read an account of people who experience destructive tornadoes as either dissociating or living in terror – with a few who are drawn to open in the energy of it as part of the energy of Life. The core issue of the human conditioning is of possession and control – set against a fear and pain of loss. the 'powers that be' can see no way to 'survive' in their terms but by radical contractions (enforced austerity under totalitarian 'smart' control of carbon guilts or social credits. But this is because they are addicted to their invested illusions – as perhaps are we all in some degree. And within the illusion of power over and under – anything true is ruled out – unless to be marketised and weaponised to feed the habit. A qualitative shift will not come as a top down saviour. And rising in Life is not rising up in the bait of hate. But aligning ONLY with that which truly serves purpose revealed in Life – is defended against as if a sacrifice, when in fact keeping ourselves in conflicted purpose sacrifices our full presence. I do

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1,332,301

10,240

CommonCrawl

19

18

not know if I will lose this focus in human living to nuclear war, cometary impact or something utterly mundane like falling off a chair. But I don't see it as an exclusive totality in and of itself but as a living expression now – and keeping that awareness amidst the events and demands of this day is part of holding a sense of worth that shares – even if it cannot often find a full expression in such fearfully identified society. Perhaps fear claims its harvest – by those who choose to accept it as their guide and protection. But it is never to late to live the willingness of a just day, this day. Lack of a true self-acceptance is a form of self judgement, rejection and hate – and then how can we relate to anyone in peace? Look at the body language of the crisis actors playing out their roles. the threat and fear are used to serve an agenda of power struggle. But if you change agenda to embrace a true re-education in life – then you look at all of it with new eyes. They offer you an education in how the mind is captured and run from which you can recognise a like pattern in yourself – and be in awareness of choice. The mind says whatever you do wont make any difference. But I say that everything you think and accept as true for you makes a difference to how you see, experience and respond to your life and your world. Self hate is made righteous under Green Eugenics. Humans as virus, humans as cancer, ordinary people as the cause of planetary destruction. This is an Ancient Script playing out. Recognition is the key to shifting the purpose of the script. It will play out – but to the purpose you accept in your heart. The problem is not new, it has been raised in the past by authors such as H.G.Wells and George Orwell. In Wells' novella 'The Time Machine' the time traveller travels from Victorian/Edwardian England to a distant future inhabited by the elois. The elois are completely useless and apathetic have no use for books, learning or reflection and enquiry. In the fullness of time traveller discovers that the elois are kept alive by the Morlocks who keep the whole show running and keep the elois alive with food and sustenance. Unfortunately – or otherwise – for the elois they come as dinner du jour on any given day for the Morlocks. The mass narcolepsy of contemporary society is also strikingly anticipated in this short novella. In one of Orwell's essays – I can't remember which one exactly – he theorised that it may be the case that most of human race don't actually want liberty. They have been genetically engineered bred and raised like a variety of shorthorned cattle. Alas the capture of any snippet of everyday conversation would serve to confirm this unfortunate situation. This is very well captured in Orwell's novel, 'Coming Up for Air'. The principal figures is George Bowling, insurance salesman, who sees only too well the authenticity and vacuous nature of contemporary life and the behaviour and mental processes – such as they are – of his fellow travellers on the morning train up to London. Orwell speaks through George Bowling here. "Of course there is no question that it's (i.e, war) coming. You can tell by the cheer up stuff in the newspapers and the way they're talking about it. I was reading a piece in the News Chronicle the other day where it said that bombing planes can't do any damage nowadays. The anti-aircraft guns have got so good that the bomber has to stay at twenty thousand feet. The writer thinks, you notice, that if a bomber is high enough the bombs won't actually reach the ground. Or more likely what he really meant was that they'll miss the Woolwich Arsenal and only hit places like Ellesmere Road (where I live). This precisely illustrates the crisis of humanity in the age of double-think, double-speak and the narcotization of thought, speech and the dominance of structure over agency. When there is a nuclear war, it will probably be a first strike offensive. It is likely to be between America and it's allies and Russia. If America starts it, it will have to, as a matter of course, protect itself by also attacking China. American psychology and geopolitical strategy make it imperative unless previous agreement had been reached between both countries. Let no one imagine it will be limited, or that we in Britain will still exist

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1,332,301

11,264

CommonCrawl

4

1

afterwards. Barovsky Don't you mean if there's a nuclear war? Reply to Barovsky Okay then, so why do you bother read and reply to such essays if that's the way you feel, because if it is, then you've already given up all hope. I don't want to think as I do. I lived through the first cold war and only opinion, this one is more dangerous because America has made it clear they want nothing less than world domination. The first time around it was possible to accept a reluctant live and let live philosophy but with less resources to share and a world economy out of control, it looks to me like a race to the death in which America is determined to win. Also, I have never given up hope. Hope and logic are different things. What makes it more dangerous is current western leadership, the worst in its history. Arrogant, venal, corrupt, irredeemably ignorant, and ideologically driven, self serving, not open to any agreement, headstrong, self regarding little sawdust Caesars. People like Kennedy and Khrushchev were very flawed individuals. But Kennedy had a torpedo boat sunk underneath him and Khrushchev fought at Stalingrad. Chirac, who died a few days ago, served as a French army conscript in Algeria. When we need a Bismarck or a Metternich, we get Macron, May and Merkel. Ken Kenn Truth is that even if one side gets their blows in first all that follows is not defence from the attacked. It is revenge. People like Bolton think that it is all about speed of attack. He also thinks that after a few attacks it will all stop for negotiations. Bolton is an idiot. He's not alone in his idiocy. He'll stand in the smouldering ruins of the USA with a singed moustache and declare _ " " We can make this country great again ." If he's still live of course? peugeott Excellent and 100% true! A companion piece to this is Max Blumenthal's 'Pentagon-funded researcher smears 'The Management of Savagery' in error-filled Times Literary Supplement screed', that exposes the lies in a 'review' of his book. https://thegrayzone.com/2019/10/01/pentagon-funded-researcher-smears-the-management-of-savagery-in-error-filled-times-literary-supplement-screed/ What strikes me about both essays, is the ease with which us privileged members of the imperialist states are druggedd (one way of the other) into going along with the savagery. I truly despair. vexarb Those humans who are born with (or have developed) an ethical sense will avoid any form of cruelty on any scale, small or large. Those who, like our fellow "groupies" in the animal kingdom — chimps, sheep, cattle, horses, all sorts of deer — will seek safety in numbers and Follow the Leader. Safety in numbers: once the herd knows that it's only Poor Old Tail End Charlie who's been brought down and eaten, they will go on munching their little patch because they know their procreative capacity can easily replenish that loss — as long as there is grass. Follow the Leader: because he is wise and knows the way to Winter Pasture. Of course a startling event might stampede an entire herd over a cliff; or the Leader might be a Judas Goat leading a herd of groupies to the slaughter. But the principle of Safety in Numbers ensures that a species will survive an enormous amount of lethal onslaught — as long as their environment is not destroyed. These principles apply to many animal species, from social insects such as ants and bees (remarkably long ancestry) to Jonny Come Lately H.sapiens. What distinguishes The Human Condition is Conscience; what TS Eliot called that rare thing, a Sense of Sin. "Praise be to Zeus who wrote this Law in His sky, That human beings must Learn by Suffering" — Aeschylus, Agamemnon. If we will learn no other way. wardropper Reply to vexarb

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Foremost Seafood: The Freshest Fish in Dayton July 20, 2013 By The Food Adventures Crew 3 Comments Owner Tom Patterson with a fresh fish order Hey seafood lovers, Food Adventures with The Big Ragu & Crew is about to change your world. There is a little known secret that has been in the Miami Valley for 30 years. It is called Foremost Seafood, and it's located at Woodman Center Drive in Kettering. It is a seafood distributor, that has a retail store open to the public. What's the big deal? Foremost gets daily shipments (not Sundays) of fresh caught seafood from Boston, Virgina, Florida and Alaskan suppliers. This allows Daytonians access to an incredible variety of nautical fare and ensures the freshest seafood. This is the type of access that is usually only found in mega cities. It started with owner Tom Patterson, who in 1983 was typically listening to music like David Bowie in the basement of his parents home. From that house he sold his first shipment, fifty pounds of shrimp to the meat manager at Dorothy Lane Market, Helga. He still provides seafood to Dorothy Lane Market to this day. Over the years he has quietly built and empire and runs the buying for the business. This is important because he is an expert. Tom has a degree in marine biology from South Florida University. He worked on shrimp farms in Ecuador in the late 1970's. During this time he also was setting trends in Galveston, TX by helping develop new shrimp farming technology. His knowledge is Dayton's gain, as this hometown boy is now a successful businessman, bringing quality eats to the Foremost faithful. And they are faithful, most of his business is from customers that have been visiting the retail store for over a decade. Today, deliveries from Boston and Virginia arrive by truck the next day, while seafood from Alaska and Florida are flown in specially to Dayton airport. ***HERE'S THE SKINNY: Live Softshell Crabs are available in season, at Foremost Seafood — Foremost Seafood is NOT a restaurant, it is a storefront to buy fresh seafood. Think of it as a mini seafood market. — Foremost provides seafood for most of the upscale, locally owned restaurants in Dayton. — The fish they sell were caught on 'day boats' (only 1 or 2 days at sea). Translation: these are the freshest fish available and were not sitting in a ship's cooler for two weeks. Only the highest quality is the rule at Foremost Seafood. — The fresh fish is not displayed, it is kept whole and sliced only at the time of the order. The reasoning is to keep air and light from deteriorating the meat of the fish. "Be loyal to the fish" is their mantra. You order from a price list of fresh fish, they trim the fish and bring your order out for the 'ok' before they wrap it. — Locally owed since 1983 by Tom Patterson and his wife Pam. Another true mom and pop establishment. Fresh Carolina Shrimp – Never frozen — Experts handle the fish once it arrives in Dayton. People like Chef Tony Coletta who worked at Garstkas and Chef Nate Young currently at the Oakwood Club — Foremost offers over 300 varieties of fresh and frozen seafood specialties. — Hours are a little tricky: Tuesdays – Fridays 9am -6pm, Saturday and Monday 9am-noon, Closed Sundays ***MUST EATS: Fresh Carolina Shrimp: Caught just a couple of days ago, these huge shrimp run about $14.99/lb and have never been frozen, which in Ohio is practically unheard of. Taste the freshness without having to travel to North or South Carolina. These shrimp are usually the 21-25 count per pound variety, and are absolutely incredible. Scottish Salmon: Foremost usually offers 4 types of fresh Salmon, but The Big Ragu & Crew recommend the Scottish Salmon for some killer grilling this summer !! Chef Tony Coletta & the Big Ragu holding a fresh

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, Wahoo fish that was recently caught in Hawaii Cherrystone Clams: Yes, they are alive. You can shuck them and eat 'em raw, but our favorite is to steam them then dip them in butter. Either way, be prepared for a fresh taste of the ocean! Sushi Grade Tuna: This tuna is super-high quality and can be sliced and eaten raw. If sushi isn't your style, consider coating the tuna with red pepper, sesame seeds or any spicy rub. Then pan-sear it on all sides (even the edges). We tried it both raw and cooked and loved it all. Check out our photo album below where we cooked lots of Foremost items and holla' at your foodie boys. Fresh Tilapia: You can still see the knife marks on the filets where it was carved. Talk about fresh! This mild fish is a favorite, even for the pickiest eaters. Try it baked for 20 minutes at 350degrees. Use your own spices, Don't ask us, we aren't chef's we are just two guys that love to eat ! Check out their table of free recipe cards. Soft-Shell Crabs: This delicacy is for serious eaters! They are alive. You can't get any fresher than that. The most popular way to cook these are breaded and pan seared. They are also used in local sushi houses stuffed into 'spider rolls.' Softshell crabs are consumed entirely. That's right, eat the whole thing, shell and all. Only for true Food Adventurers, and The Big Ragu, Chef House, and Hungry Jax say they are delicious ! Crab Dip: This slightly spicy dip is so addicting, you will have to lock the refrigerator. Get some wheat thins or melba toasts and go to town on this stuff. Made from a mixture of pseudo-crab sticks and cream cheese, it is perfect party snacking. Food Adventures will not be held responsible for brawls over the last scoop. What are you lookin at? Fresh Red Snapper A couple of side notes: With the demand for fresh seafood, (over half of it coming from Boston), once in a while they run out of items. It is the nature of fresh offerings. But there are so many other choices like Blue crab from Virgina, Snow Crab legs, live oysters, the list goes on an on. Fresh fish that we have been buying for years include Red Snapper, Grouper, Wahoo, Bronzini and Halibut. Also, special orders such as live lobsters need to be pre-ordered. They even offer do it yourself fish frys where pricing is based on pounds of fish purchased. For years, The Big Ragu, Chef House and Hungry Jax have been hitting up this place for our party food needs, cookouts, or just a craving for some fish at home. It is truly one of our favorites. Foremost Seafood's philosophy is simple, freshness and being loyal to the integrity of fish in regards to handling. Owner Tom buys the best and sells the best. Now you know about yet another Dayton gem. Our city is lucky to have access to this fresh food. Don't forget to visit the free recipe table. Whether you want to eat healthy, or just love fish, get yourself into Foremost Seafood and see for yourself. There is nothing fishy here. Check out our stunning photo album below and "like" Food Adventures on Facebook HERE. Come on, don't be shellfish…. [flagallery gid=48] Filed Under: Dayton Dining, Food Adventures, The Featured Articles Tagged With: Ahi, alaska, alaskan, Big Ragu, blue crab, boston, Bronzini, carolina, chef, cherrystone, clams, cookout, crab dip, crabs, Dayton, fish, florida, Food Adventures, Foremost Seafood, fresh, frozen seafood, grill, Grouper, Halibut, healthy, Kettering, lobster, mussels, nate young, oysters, pam, red snapper, salmon, Scallops, scotland, Scottish, seafood, shell, shellfish, shrimp, Snow Crab, soft,

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soft-shell, sushi, tom patterson, tony coletta, tuna, Virgina, virginia, wahoo, woodman Dayton Celtic Festival 2010 With Gaelic Storm July 27, 2010 By J.T. Ryder 1 Comment A First Class Party In Third Class Gaelic Storm happens to be one of the more notable acts currently on the Gaelic/Celtic scene. From an inauspicious beginning of playing a small pub in Santa Monica, CA, to (within a year of their inception) appearing in one of the most popularly successful movies of all time (Titanic), Gaelic Storm has led a charmed life indeed. They appeared in Titanic in one of the most memorably pivotal scenes in the movie, playing John Ryan's Polka for an Irish party in third class. From their, they were catapulted onto the scene, taking on a grueling tour schedule that has not relented in all the ensuing years. One of the things that makes Gaelic Storm so accessible is the perfect blend and balance of traditional Irish and Scottish songs and melodies mixed with various influences from around the world and enlivened with an edge of rock and roll. The energy that flows from the stage when Gaelic Storm performs is very much real and the audience feeds right back into that energy, making it consummately genuine. I was able to interview Steve Twigger, guitarist and part of the lead vocals for the band, as he took a brief respite from the road. What follows is the unexpurgated transcripts of that interview. J.T.: How are you doing today? Steve: Good, good. J.T.: Where are you at in the world? Steve: Uh, down in Austin. J.T.: Well, I guess the first thing, before I forget to ask…I just now, literally ten minutes ago, got a copy of Cabbage, so I haven't been able to give it a listen yet…is that going to be for sale at the Dayton Celtic Festival? Steve: I think it is, yes. I think it is officially for release on the third and, if I'm not mistaken, we're kind of sneaking it out there early for Dayton. I might want to confirm that. I'm not 100% sure. J.T.: I can't remember what year it was, but it was a similar circumstance and you guys brought and sold copies before the official release date. Steve: Yeah, and that, as I recall, is sort of what we are doing this time, but I want to make sure. (Editor's Note: The new CD will be available at the festival!) J.T.: Now, how is the album being receive critique-wise? Steve: Well, it's the early days yet. There's a few reviews coming in, but people seem to be taking to it. There's a mention of it being a little different than what we have done in the past, but I tend to think that it's a lot of the Gaelic Storm that people are used to done with a lot more energy, if that's possible. I think that we have taken off in a couple of different paths that might be interesting to people. J.T.: There's seems that there would always be a risk in changing or experimenting with new sounds. Did that cross your mind when you embarked on this? Steve: Oh yes! You know, the music is sort of a vehicle for us to enjoy ourselves and for the night to be enjoyable for everybody. That is kind of how we set off playing. We had no ax to grind or soapbox to stand on. We just honestly and purely wanted to enjoy ourselves and so for us, as I said, the music is that vehicle to achieve that. We have nothing to prove and no artistic bones to grind here. But, as you go along, you realize that sometimes you are moving over familiar ground and you start wandering towards other influences. I think there are more than a few influences in this CD, musical genres that we're all kind of interested in. J.T.: Well, I had recently interviewed Scythian and when I read their bio, it touted them as having a Ukrainian/Celtic sound and I thought, 'That sounds…horrific.' Steve: (Laughing) J.T.: Well, I listened to it and the back beat and the Gypsy

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vibe lent itself well to the Celtic music. Do you guys, when you're at some of these open folk festivals, do you find yourself listening to other forms of World music, are you influenced by these other genres? Steve: Yeah, in fact, we were just in Spain. We played up in Galacia, up in the northwest of Spain, at a huge festival up there with like 30,000 people. Of course, there they had some of the usual suspects from Ireland and England, but of course the local Gaelic and Celtic music there is huge. They love the (uilleann) pipes, but it is a very different sound than what we are used to and especially to what Americans term to be Celtic music. There is almost a Middle Eastern influence throughout Galacian music. On tour, we'll pass through France and listen to the music of Brittany, the Breton music. So, all in all, even within the subsection of Gaelic music, there are different sounds. You don't have to step out of the genre to hear completely different sounds. J.T.: Well, and I think that's what a lot of people whom I term 'The Purists'…I think it's hard to explain to them that even when you are speaking about 'traditional' Celtic music, there are so many other influences in it, even back then, so to point at something and say, 'This is Celtic music' seems kind of difficult. Steve: Yeah, I agree with you 100% on that and I think that people have picked one particular aspect of it and decided to cling to that as if it were the rarest of antiquities. Well, fine, put on a shelf, put it in a frame and keep it there, and meanwhile, the music just keeps on moving and changing. J.T.: Exactly. Now, you guys have played Dayton…I can't even count the number of times that you have been here. Do you have any special memories of Dayton? Steve: Well, Dayton has always been family to us. We met Bill Russell, who runs the festival, many, many years ago. I remember his daughters were dancing out in the crowd and we brought them up on stage. They were young back then and they were Irish dancing and so we brought them up on stage. Then, they showed up at another theater that we played at somewhere in Ohio and we put them up on stage and then afterward, in the lobby, we met their parents and became friends with them and saw them at subsequent events. Through the relationship we had with them, they built up kind of a comfort to progress into promoting shows, so we really feel like we've been hand in hand with them through the process. You know, we were there at the very first Celtic Festival in Dayton and here we are again, however many years later. So, it definitely has a family feel in Dayton. We always try to make the music completely accessible and seamless with the audience and I really think that it's come to fruition there in Dayton. That's the way it should be! It's not just about us going up on stage. We've made friends and those friends have gone on to create events that we play at, and that's the heart of folk music right there. J.T.: That's the way it's supposed to be. Steve: Yeah! Yep. J.T.: Well, you were saying earlier about the different influences before and I think that it would work the opposite way where people that think that Celtic music is a certain type of music and that they don't want anything to do with it will hear your take on it and be drawn in and maybe explore other facets of the genre. Steve: Yeah, well, you know, we've certainly done our part. We're on the road two-hundred days a year for the last fourteen or fifteen years and as we've gone along, we've tried to bridge a few gaps, I guess, and without stepping on toes. You know, the purists, the sort of elder statesmen of the Celtic world, they certainly looked down their nose at us when we first started. Over the course of time, we've become friends with them and they have, of course, realized that there is plenty of room for all kinds of adaptations and variations. J.T.: Well, I want to thank you for taking the time to talk with me. Is there anything that you wanted out there that I haven't asked? Steve:

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1,332,305

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BTW Classifieds How to Post a Classified Ad To post a classified ad, please send your ad text (including contact information) to ABA's Emily Behnke. Classified ads appear on this page and in ABA's Bookselling This Week newsletter. ABA bookstore members receive up to four free classified ads per year. More information about advertising with ABA can be found here. Digital Marketing Coordinator Wanted Bookshop Santa Cruz is seeking a talented email marketing and social media coordinator to create compelling, innovative, relevant, and impactful promotions that further Bookshop's mission of connecting customers to the written word. Responsibilities would include producing and analyzing Bookshop Santa Cruz's email marketing and social media channels as well as being a key member of the marketing team to launch, coordinate and produce Bookshop Santa Cruz's promotions. Work in the heart of the Santa Cruz community by sharing a passion for books and independent bookstores with our engaged and supportive customer base. This position will be supervised by Bookshop's Marketing Director. Creating email marketing campaigns end-to-end, managing email databases, and creating newsletters. Reviewing analytics and creating reports on key metrics using POS data and Google analytics. Executing a results-driven social media strategy for promotions and campaigns on Facebook, Instagram, Tik Tok, and Twitter. Developing and curating engaging content for social media platforms. Representing the Bookshop Santa Cruz brand across marketing platforms. Collaborating with marketing team members to create a robust and innovative marketing calendar that reflects the Santa Cruz community. Monitoring the digital marketing space and social media channels for industry trends. Interacting with users and responding to social media messages, inquiries, and comments. Partnering with the Marketing Director to accomplish all Bookshop Santa Cruz promotions (digital and otherwise). Brainstorming new and creative growth strategies for digital marketing. Other duties as needed including assisting on the Bookshop sales floor. Skills We Expect: 1-2 years experience with B2C email marketing and social media marketing or content development (Facebook, Instagram, Twitter, and TikTok) Experience with the Constant Contact platform Proficiency with video and photo editing tools, digital media formats, and HTML Strong organizational skills including attention to detail and ability to multitask Knowledge of SEO/SEM and Google Analytics Excellent written communication and copywriting skills An ability to work under tight deadlines Strong interpersonal skills, including experience building and maintaining relationships with a diverse network of individuals and organizations The ability to work effectively both independently and as a team Love and knowledge of books a must Self-motivation, enthusiasm, and willingness to learn Up to 40 hours/week Starting at $19/hour + dental and vision benefits after 60 days, PTO, generous employee discounts + book borrowing This position is located at Bookshop Santa Cruz. This position is represented by the Communication Workers of America Union. Bookshop Santa Cruz embraces diversity and equal opportunity in our workplace. We are committed to building a team that represents a variety of backgrounds, perspectives, and skills. To apply, send a current resume, cover letter outlining your interest and experience, and writing sample to [email protected]. The writing sample should be a subject line and introductory paragraph (1-2 sentences) for a Bookshop Santa Cruz email announcing 2022's Most Anticipated Books of the Year. Politics and Prose Hiring Director of Events Director of Events Politics and Prose is seeking a Director of Events to oversee the company's many and varied author talks. This is a full-time (40 hours per week) position that reports to P&P's Chief Operating Officer and works closely with the marketing and programs departments. The position is pivotal in planning, organizing, and managing events held either in-person or online. Duties include but are not limited to: Supervising an events staff of several people; Ensuring that over the course of a year, P&P's events reflect a broad range of authors; Connecting with publishing representatives to be aware of upcoming books and available authors; Figuring out which authors to schedule and when

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1,332,315

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and also determining which of P&P's various venues would be best-suited for a particular author event; Working with the marketing department to promote events. The ideal candidate will have at least three years of event-planning experience, preferably with authors. Also desirable are excellent verbal and written communication skills, as well as strong interpersonal and negotiation skills. Familiarity with the publishing industry and working knowledge of Zoom, Eventbrite, Square and Edelweiss are huge pluses. Complete and submit the online application at www.politics-prose.com and email a resume and a brief introduction to [email protected] Explore Booksellers Hiring Floor Manager Explore Booksellers, a local treasure and nationally-known independent bookstore, has been serving the Aspen, Colorado community for nearly 50 years. We curate a large collection of books ranging widely in subject matter and a beautiful selection of cards, journals, gifts and games. Known as a community gathering place for locals and visitors alike with a "salon-like vibrancy", Explore also offers a thoughtful and inspiring line-up of speakers and events that welcome and challenge visitors to discover and explore new ideas. We are seeking a Floor Manager to manage our bookstore team of 3-7 booksellers and assist the General Manager in supervising and managing store operations. This position is part of the Explore Booksellers' leadership team and is a key component to making Explore Booksellers a central part of the community. Responsibilities include, but are not limited to: Planning and preparing bookseller work schedules Hiring, training, and managing year-round and seasonal team members Leading by example in providing excellent customer service, ensuring complete customer satisfaction by addressing requests and resolving problems Oversees bookseller sales, including deposits, accounts receivable, and sales reporting Working with General Manager to develop and implement the in-store marketing strategy including displays, product placement, and signage Receiving and tracking new merchandise, including verifying and databasing orders, and shelving incoming products Opening and closing of the store Securing staffing and providing logistical support for on and off-site bookstore events The expectation is the Floor Manager will spend 24 hours per week working the sales floor, and 16 hours "off floor" hours for scheduling and other managerial tasks. Full availability is required for the summer festival season and the December holiday season. You're a great fit for this position if you: Are great at building and managing a team Have excellent customer service skills Are an avid reader and love exploring new ideas Are good at problem solving and innovating, and have an eagerness to learn Have strong attention to detail and are computer and technology savvy Minimum qualifications include previous experience as a team leader or manager and 1-3 years of experience in a retail environment. A Bachelor's degree from an accredited college or university is preferred, but not required. Ideal candidates will have more robust staff management experience, strong community relations skills, and 3+ years of retail management experience. Location: Aspen, Colorado Compensation and Benefits: $15 - $20 per hour commensurate with experience. Benefits may include health insurance and paid time off. We also offer a generous employee discount How to apply: To apply, please send your resume and a cover letter to Jenny Douglass at [email protected] Explore Booksellers is an equal opportunity employer. Explore Booksellers Hiring For General Manager We are seeking a new General Manager who loves books, the Aspen community and connecting people to great ideas. The General Manager is responsible for building and overseeing the team of people who work in the store, as well as overseeing the business operations and steering the bookstore towards success. Recruiting, training, and managing the booksellers and other staff Overseeing day-to-day operations, including overseeing inventory management and all budget and financial aspects of the store Marketing, including email newsletter, website, social media, and new innovations Building community between the bookstore and businesses and groups in the Roaring Fork Valley and beyond, including helping to organize events You're a great fit for this position if you: Are independent and entrepreneurial, but also comfortable with oversight Qualifications: Min

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imum qualifications include previous experience as a team leader or manager of 3+ employees/direct reports, have excellent independent judgment and discretion and the ability to oversee significant projects. A Bachelor's degree from an accredited college or university is preferred, but not required. Ideal candidates will have robust staff management experience, a track record of driving business goals and vision including managing a budget and business plan, and 3+ years of retail or small business experience. Compensation and Benefits: The compensation range for this position is $32,000-$50,000 and depends on relevant experience, education, and location. Our benefits package may include medical, dental, and vision insurance for employees and dependents and paid time off. Housing assistance also is available. How to apply: To apply, please send your resume and a cover letter to Jenny Douglass at [email protected]. Bookstores For Sale Saturn Booksellers For Sale The search is on for the person or persons to take over the reins of Saturn Booksellers and build on a 29-year history as Gaylord's hometown bookstore with a national reputation. The quick facts: Established in 1993 in Gaylord, MI It's the only general, independent bookstore in a six-county radius. N. MI is a tourist mecca, so the store is both a year-round business serving locals and a destination for tourists, many of whom become year-round customers online. Maintains a website serving customers across the continental U.S. and Hawai'i It stocks about 90% new books, 10% toys, games and gift items. Has hosted hundreds of major authors on their national tours, and enjoys a reputation among the publishing world for creative and fun events. It's the recipient of many awards, including MI Retailer of the Year Valpak & American Express Shop Small National Grand Prize Winner the local Chamber's Golden Pineapple for Best Customer Service Best Customer Service, Best Store Staff, Best Bookstore, Best Place to Work, Best Workplace Culture, Best Boss, Best Overall Company to Work For, and Best Hangout several times over in regional Reader Awards It has an existing lease through the end April of 2022 on a 2755 sq. ft. space, with 3 one-year extensions perfect for a new owner to establish themselves before having to decide if they want to remain in the same space, move the shop, purchase a building, etc. More sq. footage is currently available adjacent to our space. Has a knowledgeable and fun staff of booksellers, many of whom would be pleased to discuss staying in place with a new owner. The owner is local and available to help with the transition. Financials with NDA available upon request. Discussions and offers will be entertained until March 1, 2022. About Jill Miner: I purchased the store from its founders in 1998 and moved it from a strip mall into a building I purchased in the heart of downtown Gaylord. In 2015 I sold that building and moved '38 steps' to the east into the space we now occupy. During my time as owner, I've been privileged to be associated with GLiBA in many capacities, from Education Director to President, Past President, Vice President, Secretary, holiday catalog salesperson and more. I've also served on committees for the ABA in different capacities over the years. I have probably met many of you at trade shows and author dinners and the like. I'd be honored to talk to you if you are considering a bookstore purchase in the immediate future, or might want to add our store as another location for your existing shop. Jill Miner Saturn Booksellers, Gaylord, MI 49735 989-732-8899 (store) 989-614-1202 (personal cell) [email protected] (personal email) Unique and Wonderful Ann Arbor Bookstore for Sale Crazy Wisdom Bookstore and Tea Room, housed in its own beautifully renovated building on Main Street in downtown Ann Arbor, is closing in February of 2022, but could be for sale to the right buyer/s. About

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👼 Set your curiosity free with rich, wide-ranging, hyper-connected information. 🕊️ Deaths 2020 Coronavirus by Country Emoji of the day Smart Picture of the Day Wikipedia+ Quote of the day January 1–16, 2021 Top quotes for this month, selected by Wikiquote contributors. It is not suffering as such that is most deeply feared but suffering that degrades. ~ Susan Sontag ~ An individual has not begun to live until he can rise above the narrow horizons of his particular individualistic concerns to the broader concerns of all humanity. And this is one of the big problems of life, that so many people never quite get to the point of rising above self. And so they end up the tragic victims of self-centeredness. They end up the victims of distorted and disrupted personality. … These are the people who cannot face disappointments. These are the people who cannot face being defeated. These are the people who cannot face being criticized. These are the people who cannot face these many experiences of life which inevitably come because they are too centered in themselves. ~ Martin Luther King, Jr. ~ President Trump gravely endangered the security of the United States and its institutions of Government. He threatened the integrity of the democratic system, interfered with the peaceful transition of power, and imperiled a coequal branch of Government. He thereby betrayed his trust as President, to the manifest injury of the people of the United States.… Donald John Trump thus warrants impeachment and trial, removal from office, and disqualification to hold and enjoy any office of honor, trust, or profit under the United States. ~ The United States House of Representatives ~ Rosalynn and I are troubled by the violence at the U.S. Capitol today. This is a national tragedy and is not who we are as a nation. Having observed elections in troubled democracies worldwide, I know that we the people can unite to walk back from this precipice to peacefully uphold the laws of our nation, and we must. We join our fellow citizens in praying for a peaceful resolution so our nation can heal and complete the transfer of power as we have for more than two centuries. ~ Jimmy Carter ~ We faced an unprecedented assault on our Capitol, our Constitution, and our country. The assault was fueled by more than four years of poison politics spreading deliberate misinformation, sowing distrust in our system, and pitting Americans against one another. The match was lit by Donald Trump and his most ardent enablers, including many in Congress, to overturn the results of an election he lost. The election was free, the count was fair, the result is final. We must complete the peaceful transfer of power our Constitution mandates. ~ Bill Clinton ~ I am appalled by the reckless behavior of some political leaders since the election and by the lack of respect shown today for our institutions, our traditions, and our law enforcement. The violent assault on the Capitol — and disruption of a Constitutionally-mandated meeting of Congress — was undertaken by people whose passions have been inflamed by falsehoods and false hopes. ~ George W. Bush ~ Today's violent assault on our Capitol, an effort to subjugate American democracy by mob rule, was fomented by Mr. Trump. His use of the Presidency to destroy trust in our election and to poison our respect for fellow citizens has been enabled by pseudo political leaders whose names will live in infamy as profiles in cowardice. Our Constitution and our Republic will overcome this stain and We the People will come together again in our never-ending effort to form a more perfect Union, while Mr. Trump will deservedly be left a man without a country. ~ Jim Mattis ~ We gather due to a selfish man's injured pride, and the outrage of supporters who he has deliberately misinformed for the past two months and stirred to action this very morning. What happened here today was an insurrection incited by the President of the United States. Those who choose to continue to support his dangerous gambit by objecting to the results of a legitimate democratic election will forever be seen as being complicit in an unprecedented attack against our democracy. … For any who remain insistent on an audit in order to satisfy the many people who believe that the election was stolen, I'd offer this perspective — no Congressional audit is ever going to

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convince these voters, particularly when the President will continue to say that the election was stolen. The best way we could show respect for the voters who were upset is by telling them the truth. That's the burden, that's the duty of leadership. The truth is that President-elect Biden won the election, President Trump lost. ~ Mitt Romney ~ It is my considered judgment that my oath to support and defend the Constitution constrains me from claiming unilateral authority to determine which electoral votes should be counted and which should not. ~ Mike Pence ~ We're debating a step that has never been taken in American history. Whether Congress should overrule the voters and overturn a Presidential election. … President Trump claims the election was stolen. The assertions range from specific local allegations to Constitutional arguments to sweeping conspiracy theories. I supported the President's right to use the legal system, dozens of lawsuits received hearings in courtrooms all across our country, but over and over, the courts rejected these claims, including all-star judges whom the President himself has nominated. … The voters, the courts, and the states have all spoken. They've all spoken. If we overrule them, it would damage our republic forever. … If this election were overturned by mere allegations from the losing side, our democracy would enter a death spiral. Self-government, my colleagues, requires a shared commitment to the truth and a shared respect for the ground rules of our system. We cannot keep drifting apart into two separate tribes with a separate set of facts and separate realities, with nothing in common except our hostility towards each other and mistrust for the few national institutions that we all still share. Congress will either override the voters, overrule them, the voters, the states, and the courts for the first time ever, or honor the people's decision. I will not pretend such a vote would be a harmless protest gesture while relying on others to do the right thing. I will vote to respect the people's decision and defend our system of government as we know it. ~ Mitch McConnell ~ I believe that life has meaning. We are not on earth by chance; we do not come from nowhere to go to nowhere. This is a statement; it cannot be proved. Meaning implies both orientation and significance. Not every event or act or word has meaning, but everything is set in that orientation and signification. ~ Jacques Ellul ~ Philosophies can be judged, at most, on the grounds of the perspicacity with which they decide that something is worthy of becoming the starting point for a global explanatory hypothesis. Thus I do not think that the sign (or any other suitable object for a general semiotics) is a mere figment. ~ Umberto Eco ~ All you hear is time stand still in travel And feel such peace and absolute The stillness still that doesn't end But slowly drifts into sleep The stars are the greatest thing you've ever seen And they're there for you For you alone you are the everything. ~ R.E.M. ~ Salvation changes not, nor yet destroys, garden nor gardener, children nor their toys. Evil will not see, for evil lies not in God's picture but in crooked eyes, not in the source but in malicious choice, and not in sound but in the tuneless voice. In Paradise they no more look awry; and though they make anew, they make no lie. Be sure they still will make, not being dead, and poets shall have flames upon their head, and harps whereon their faultless fingers fall: there each shall choose for ever from the All. ~ J. R. R. Tolkien ~ In memory yet green, in joy still felt, The scenes of life rise sharply into view. We triumph; Life's disasters are undealt, And while all else is old, the world is new. ~ Isaac Asimov ~ I pray you to forgive Both bad and good. Last season's fruit is eaten And the fullfed beast shall kick the empty pail. For last year's words belong to last year's language And next year's words await another voice. ~ T. S. Eliot in Four Quartets, "Little Gidding" ~ Updated Saturday, January 16th 2021 at 05:29 UTC Sources: infoAnew is derived from Wikimedia Commons, Wikipedia, Wikiquote, Wiktionary, and YouTube. Wiki content is licensed under CC BY

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Justia Patents US Patent for Molten carbonate fuel cell Patent (Patent # 4,554,225) Molten carbonate fuel cell Mar 29, 1984 - Tokyo Shibaura Denki Kabushiki Kaisha In a molten carbonate fuel cell wherein a cathode and an anode of porous material formed in contact with an electrolyte layer, each of the cathode and anode comprises a bilayered structure having a first porous layer located at the side of the electrolyte layer and a second porous layer at the side of an element for supplying a fuel (or oxidant) gas and consisting of a sintered layer of a fibrous material. Pores in at least a portion of the first porous layer, which is adjacent to the electrolyte layer, have a size allowing capillary action of a molten carbonate, and pores of the second porous layer have a size not allowing capillary action. Latest Tokyo Shibaura Denki Kabushiki Kaisha Patents: Projection CRT with a green emitting terbium activated lanthanum oxychloride phosphor exhibiting nearly constant light-output of elevated temperatures Semiconductor device having a metal silicide layer connecting two semiconductors Method and apparatus for forming resist pattern Radial flow turbine rotor Control system of multi-joint arm robot apparatus The present invention relates to a molten carbonate fuel cell and, more particularly, to a molten carbonate fuel cell wherein an anode and a cathode are formed in contact with an electrolyte layer containing a carbonate and are porous layers, and the supply of reactive gas and the discharge of reaction products are performed through small pores in these electrodes. When a gas which can be easily oxidized, such as hydrogen gas, and a gas which has a strong oxidizing power, such as oxygen, are reacted through an electrochemical reaction process, DC power can be generated. A fuel cell realizes such a reaction process. Fuel cells are roughly classified based on the type of electrolyte used in fuel cells of phosphoric acid, molten carbonate, and solid electrolyte type. Of these types, molten carbonate fuel cells are operated at a temperature around 650.degree. C. Molten carbonate fuel cells do not require the use of a noble metal as catalyst, allow the use of carbon monoxides in place of hydrogen as fuel, have a relatively high voltage generated per unit cell, and allow utilization of high-temperature waste energy. Such a molten carbonate fuel cell generally consists of a plurality of stacked unit cells. Output voltage from each unit cell is at best about 1 V. Thus, in order to obtain a practical cell, a plurality of such unit cells must be electrically connected in a series. Each unit cell of such a molten carbonate fuel cell generally comprises an electrolyte layer in a plate-like form containing: a carbonate, melted at operating temperature; a cathode and an anode, which are formed in tight contact to sandwich the electrolyte layer and which comprise plates of porous material; an element for supplying fuel gas to the interface between the cathode and the electrolyte layer through pores in the cathode; and another element for supplying an oxidant gas to the interface between the anode and the electrolyte layer through pores in the anode. The elements for supplying the fuel and oxidant gases comprise a plurality of gas guide grooves, defined between those surfaces of conductive interconnectors inserted between each adjacent unit cells and which contact the unit cells when such unit cells are stacked. Gas guide grooves for guiding the fuel gas and those for guiding the oxidant gas are formed perpendicularly to each other, so as to allow each connection access to sources of the respective gases. The fuel gas guided by such gas guide grooves is diffused in the cathode in its direction of thickness toward the electrolyte layer. On the other hand, the oxidant gas guided through the corresponding gas guide grooves is diffused through the anode in its direction of thickness toward the electrolyte layer. In a molten carbonate fuel cell of the type described above, the output characteristics are largely dependent on the structure and characteristics of the anode and cathode. In order that a molten carbonate fuel cell has stable output characteristics over a long period

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of time, the anode and cathode must satisfy the following requirements: the anode and cathode are chemically stable against a molten carbonate at a temperature of 600.degree. to 700.degree. C., have a capacity of guiding the fuel gas and oxidant gas to the reaction site through internal pores, are capable of sustaining guide paths of gases over a long period of time, of guiding the molten carbonate to the reaction site, of stably sustaining the guide path of the molten carbonate, have good electron conductivity, can reduce the contact resistance with the electrolyte layer or the interconnector, and have a large specific surface area so as to have a large number of three-phase surfaces (reaction points) where the electrodes, the reactive material, and carbonate ions are all present. In view of these requirements, in a conventional molten carbonate fuel cell, a cathode and an anode comprise porous plates, which are obtained by sintering a nickel-based alloy powder to have a narrow pore size distribution. When a cathode and anode of a material having a large average pore size, for example, 20 .mu.m or more, are used to stably supply the fuel and oxidant gases, the pressure of the supplied gas is applied to the electrolyte layer. This may reduce the number of reaction points. Then, output density cannot be improved. On the other hand, when a cathode and anode of a porous material having a small average pore size, for example, 2 .mu.m or less, are used to provide a large number of reaction points, the molten carbonate is guided toward the gas guide grooves by capillary action through the electrodes. Then, in this case, the electrolyte cannot be stably sustained. Furthermore, in this case, the electrolyte which has permeated into the pores results in an increase in the diffusion resistance of the gas, so that supply of reactive gas is prevented. In order to solve these problems, an electrode has been proposed which comprises a sintered porous plate of a powdery material, wherein the average pore size is small toward the electrolyte layer and is large toward the gas supply side. When a cathode and anode of such a structure are assembled, pores having different sizes in the direction of thickness serve well to improve the output density and to sustain the electrolyte over a long period of time. However, when a powdery material is sintered to form a porous electrode, the electrode has a porous structure wherein the points of powder particles contact each other. For this reason, when the porosity is set to be 50% or more, the electron conductivity is decreased and a voltage drop between the cathode or anode is increased. In addition, a porous electrode of such a structure has low mechanical strength and elasticity. The electrode may be broken due to stress applied by a shrinkage difference between the electrode and electrolyte layer when the cell temperature is decreased. The contact between the electrode and the interconnector may be made non-uniform to increase the contact resistance at this portion. It is an object of the present invention to provide a molten carbonate fuel cell which can be operated at a high output density over a long period of time and which allows reduction in the internal resistance of the cell. In order to achieve the above object of the present invention, there is provided a molten carbonate fuel cell comprising unit cells each having an electrolyte layer in a plate-like form which contains a carbonate melted at an operating temperature, a cathode and an anode which are formed in tight contact to sandwich the electrolyte layer and which comprise plates of porous material, an element for supplying fuel gas to the interface between the cathode and the electrolyte layer through pores in the cathode, and another element for supplying an oxidant gas to the interface between the anode and the electrolyte layer through pores in the anode. In a molten carbonate fuel cell having such a structure, each cathode and anode of the cell in this invention comprises a bilayered structure having a first porous layer formed in contact with the electrolyte layer, and a second porous layer formed at the side of the element for supplying fuel (or oxidant) gas and consisting of a sintered fibrous material. Of the pores formed in the first porous layer, at least the

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pores near the electrolyte layer are formed to have a size allowing capillary action of the molten carbonate to pass through. In addition to this, the pores of the second porous layer are formed to have a size which does not allow capillary action to pass through. In a molten carbonate fuel cell of the present invention, each cathode and anode of a unit cell has a bilayered structure of first and second porous layers. The first porous layer of each cathode and anode is in contact with the electrolyte layer, and the second porous layer thereof is in contact with the gas supply element, that is, the interconnector. The second porous layer comprises a sintered layer of a fibrous material. Since a porous body, obtained by sintering an electrically conductive fibrous material, has a large contact area between fibers, it has an extremely high electron conductivity as compared to a porous body obtained by sintering a powdery material. Thus, the voltage drop between the cathode or anode can be reduced. A porous body obtained by sintering a fibrous material has high mechanical strength in the lateral direction and good elasticity. When a cathode or anode comprises such a porous body, its mechanical strength can be improved and the contact resistance with the interconnector can be significantly reduced. In this manner, according to the present invention, the voltage drop between the electrodes or between the electrode and the interconnector can be reduced. In addition to this, damage to the electrodes, generally caused by a difference in shrinkage between the electrodes and the electrolyte when the temperature of the cell is lowered, can be prevented. The electrolyte can be sustained over a long period of time, and the output density can be improved. In operation, the molten carbonate permeates into the first porous layer and tends to move toward the second porous layer in both the cathode and anode. However, the second porous layer does not allow capillary action. Furthermore, the pores of the second porous layer are in contact with the supply source of the reactive gas. For this reason, the permeated carbonate only permeates to a position where the permeating power of the carbonate by capillary action balances the gas pressure acting through the pores of the second porous layer. The permeated carbonate is then stabilized. No compression force acts on the molten carbonate in the electrolyte layer, and no force acts to transfer the molten carbonate into the path of the reactive gas through the pores of the cathode and anode. The molten carbonate is therefore stably sustained over a long period of time, and the cell life is prolonged. Since the second porous layer has a large pore size, it contributes to decrease the diffusion resistance of the reactive gas. Meanwhile, since the first porous layer has a small pore size and has the molten carbonate permeated therein, it contributes to increase the number of reaction points, that is, a specific surface area. Thus, the output density is improved. FIG. 1 is an exploded perspective view showing the main part of a molten carbonate fuel cell according to an embodiment of the present invention; FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of the main part of a unit cell used in the cell shown in FIG. 1; FIG. 3 is a graph showing output voltage-output current characteristics of a molten carbonate fuel cell of the present invention compared with those of a conventional cell; and FIG. 4 is a graph showing changes in output voltages against time of the molten carbonate fuel cell of the present invention together with those of the conventional cell. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT FIG. 1 shows a main section 10 of a molten carbonate fuel cell of the present invention. The main section 10 comprises a stacked body consisting of a plurality of unit cells 11 with an interconnector 12 inserted between each pair of unit cells 11. Each unit cell 11 consists of an electrolyte layer 13 of a plate-like shape, a cathode 14 and an anode 15 of plate-like shape formed in contact with the surfaces of the electrolyte later 13, and a plurality of gas guide grooves 16 and 17, formed in the surfaces of the interconnector 12, which contact with the cath

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ode 14 and the anode 15, respectively. The electrolyte layer 13 comprises a plate having a thickness of, for example, 2 mm and formed by hot pressing at 450.degree. C. a mixture consisting of, for example, 60% by weight of a carbonate and 40% by weight of a ceramic-type binder. The cathode 14 and anode 15 comprise porous bodies having a thickness of, for example, 1 mm. More specifically, each of the cathode 14 and anode 15 comprises a bilayered structure having a first porous layer 18, formed at the side of the electrolyte layer 13, and a second porous layer 19, formed at the opposite side, as shown in FIG. 2. The first porous layer 18 comprises a sintered body of a fibrous or powdery nickel or nickel-chromium alloy. The first porous layer 18 has a pore size to allow capillary action of the molten carbonate, such as a pore size of 0.3 to 20 .mu.m, a porosity of 60 to 80%, and a thickness of 0.3 mm. The second porous layer 19 comprises a sintered body of a fibrous nickel or nickel-chromium alloy. The second porous layer 19 has a pore size not to allow capillary action of the molten carbonate, such as a pore size of 21 to 50 .mu.m, a porosity of 60 to 80%, and a thickness of 0.7 mm. Each interconnector 12 consists of stainless steel which is chemically inert against the carbonate. The gas guide grooves 16 and 17, formed on the two surfaces of each interconnector 12, are perpendicular to each other. The surface portion of the interconnector 12, in which the grooves 16 or 17 are formed, is recessed at a depth corresponding to the thickness of the cathode 14 or anode 15. Therefore, when the cathode 14 or anode 15 is fitted with the corresponding surface of the interconnector 12, the surface of the cathode 14 or anode 15 in contact with the electrolyte layer 13 is coplanar with the peripheral portion of the same surface of the interconnector 12. The main section 10, comprising a stacked body of unit cells 11 and interconnectors 12, is fastened with a fastening mechanism (not shown) in the stacking direction. Manifolds (not shown) for supplying the supply gas are hermetically attached to the four sides of the stacked body. In order to cause the actual electromotive reaction, an electrical load is connected across the stacked body, which is heated to a temperature at which the carbonate in the electrolyte layer 13 is molten. Subsequently, an oxidant gas flows to the gas guide grooves 17 through the corresponding manifolds in the direction indicated by the thick broken arrow P shown in FIG. 1. At the same time, fuel gas is also supplied to the gas guide grooves 16 through the corresponding manifolds in the direction indicated by thick arrow Q. Part of the fuel gas flowing through the gas guide grooves 16 is diffused in the pores of the cathode 14 and reaches the reaction points at which the cathode 14 and the carbonate meet. Likewise, part of the oxidant gas, flowing through the gas guide grooves 17, is diffused in the pores of the anode 15 to reach the reaction points at which the anode 15 and the carbonate meet. The electromotive reaction is thus effected. In the molten carbonate fuel cell of the present invention, each of the cathode 14 and anode 15, as the constituent elements of each unit cell 11, comprises a bilayered structure of first and second porous layers 18 and 19. The pore size of the first porous layer 18, located at the side of the electrolyte later 13, is set to allow capillary action of the mol

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5

ten carbonate. On the other hand, the pore size of the second porous layer 19, located at the opposite side, is set to not allow such capillary action. Thus, the carbonate which has permeated through the first porous layer 18 can permeate only to a position at which the permeating force of the capillary action is balanced by the gas pressure acting through the pores of the second porous layer 19, and it is stabilized at such a position. For this reason, no compression or suction force acts on the molten carbonate in the electrolyte layer 13. Loss of the carbonate is smaller than in the case where the carbonate is subject to such a compression or suction force. The carbonate can be sustained for a long period of time, and the cell life can be prolonged. Since the first porous layer 18 has a small pore size and contains the molten carbonate permeated therein, the specific surface area can be increased. On the other hand, the second porous layer 19 has a large pore size and can satisfactorily reduce the diffusion resistance of the reactive gas. As a consequence, the number of reaction points can be increased, and a sufficient amount of the reaction gas can be supplied to these reaction points, so that the output density can be improved. When the permeating power of the molten carbonate is properly set by suitably selecting the pore size of the first porous layer 18, the bubble pressure can be improved by about 50% compared to a conventional case, and this serves to prevent intermixing of the fuel and oxidant gases. This simplifies the supply of the reaction gas and improves safety. The second porous layer 19 located at the side of the interconnector 12 comprises a sintered body of an electrically conductive fibrous material. A porous body obtained by sintering a fibrous material has a higher mechanical strength and elasticity than that of a porous material obtained by a powdery material and has a lower electrical resistance in the direction of thickness than that of the latter. The presence of the second porous layer 19 prevents damage of the cathode 14 and anode 15 due to the heating/cooling cycle and reduces the voltage drop between the electrodes and between the electrode and interconnector. The present invention will now be described by way of examples to demonstrate the effects thereof. Three parts of a fibrous metal consisting of Ni.sub.(80) -Cr.sub.(20), having an average diameter of 25 .mu.m and an aspect ratio of 4 or more, were charged into a former. On part of a fibrous metal consisting of Ni.sub.(80) -Cr.sub.(20), having an average diameter of 4 .mu.m and an aspect ratio of 4 or more, was charged onto the former metal portion. The metals were formed into a plate. The plate was placed in an H.sub.2(20) -N.sub.2(80) gas atmosphere and was sintered at 850.degree. C. for 1 hour. A porous body of Ni.sub.(80) -Cr.sub.(20) was thus obtained. The porous body was microscopically observed in a section along the direction of its thickness. A layer of the fibrous metal having the diameter of 25 .mu.m (second porous layer) had a pore size of 22 to 30 .mu.m, which does not cause capillary action, and a porosity of 75%. A layer of the fibrous material having the diameter of 4 .mu.m (first porous layer) had a pore size of 2 to 5 .mu.m, which easily causes capillary action, and a porosity of 75%. Mechanical tests of the porous body revealed that the porous body had tensile strength, softness, and surface smoothness which were satisfactory for a gas diffusion electrode of a fuel cell. Separately, three parts of a fibrous metal Ni having an average diameter of 30 .mu.m and one part of a fibrous metal Ni having an average diameter of 8 .mu.m were charged into a former in a layered form. The metals were formed into a plate. The plate was sintered in an H.sub.2(20) -N.sub.2(80) gas atmosphere at 82

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0.degree. C. for 1 hour to provide an Ni porous body. The Ni porous body was microscopically observed in a section along the direction of its thickness. The following results were obtained. A layer of the fibrous metal having the average diameter of 30 .mu.m (second porous layer) had a pore size of 25 to 35 .mu.m and a porosity of 70%. A layer of the fibrous metal having the average diameter of 8 .mu.m (first porous layer) had a pore size of 8 to 12 .mu.m and a porosity of 70%. The ratio of the thickness of the first and second porous layers was about 1.0:3.2. The Ni.sub.(80) -Cr.sub.(20) porous body and the Ni porous body thus prepared separately were placed on two sides of an electrolyte layer such that the Ni.sub.(80) -Cr.sub.(20) porous body was used as a cathode and the Ni porous body was used as an anode, and each first porous layer faced the electrolyte layer. A fuel cell was thus assembled. The electrolyte layer was obtained by hot pressing at 450.degree. C. and by forming a mixture of 60% by weight of a carbonate and 40% by weight of a ceramic as a binder. FIG. 3 shows a current-voltage characteristic curve A of the fuel cell prepared in this manner together with that B of a fuel cell having as gas diffusion electrode porous bodies of a conventional structure. As can be seen from FIG. 3, the cell of the present invention has better characteristics than those of the cell of a conventional structure. This fact indicates that in the cell of the present invention when the pore size in the second porous layer, located at the gas supply side, is large, the supply of the reactive gas can be performed satisfactorily. FIG. 4 shows changes in output voltage of the cell during operation over an extended period of time. Curve A corresponds to a cell of the present invention, and curve B corresponds to a cell of conventional structure. As can be seen from FIG. 4, the fuel cell of the present invention can stably provide the electromotive reaction over a long period of time. This also indicates that the electrolyte is stably held by the cathode and anode, demonstrating that the first porous layers having a small pore size are serving their original purpose. The cell prepared in the manner described above was subjected to a plurality of heat cycles each comprising heating from room temperature to the operating temperature and cooling back to room temperature again. The cell exhibited no abnormality in the cathode and anode. A fibrous metal of an Ni.sub.(80) -Cr.sub.(20) alloy, having a diameter of 2 to 10 .mu.m and an aspect ratio of 4 or more, was charged in a former in a layered form of 0.5 mm thickness. A powdery metal of an Ni.sub.(80) -Cr.sub.(20) alloy, having a size distribution (cumulative volume fraction) of 10 to 90% and a size of 2 to 8 .mu.m, was placed on the former metal in the same weight. The metals were formed by compression into a plate of 0.8 mm thickness. The plate was sintered in a hydrogen-containing atmosphere at 1,050.degree. C. for 1 hour to provide a bilayered porous electrode. When the electrode was observed under an electron microscope, the sintered layer of powdery material had a pore size of 22 to 30 .mu.m and the sintered layer of fibrous material had a pore size of 22 to 30 .mu.m. The former layer had a porosity of 75%, and the latter layer had a porosity of 70%. Two electrodes each consisting of such sintered layers of powdery and fibrous materials were prepared. An aqueous slurry, containing NiCO.sub.3 and methyl cellulose (3% by weight) as a binder, was applied on the sintered layer of powdery material of each electrode. The electrodes were presintered in the air at 500.deg

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ree. C. to vaporize the binder and to thermally decompose the nickel carbonate into nickel oxide (NiO). Thereafter, the electrodes were sintered in hydrogen at 1,000.degree. C. for 1 hour to reduce the nickel oxide. Fine powdery layers of 0.05 to 0.2 mm thickness precipitated on the surfaces of the sintered layers of powdery material of the respective electrodes. Thus, electrodes were prepared each having a sintered layer of the powdery material and a fine powder layer as the first porous layer, and a sintered layer of fibrous material as the second porous layer. The fine powder layers of the two electrodes thus prepared had a porosity of 60 to 80% and a pore size distribution (cumulative volume fraction: 10 to 90%) of 0.3 to 1.5 .mu.m. A unit cell was assembled using the two electrodes such that the fine powder layers faced the electrolyte layer, following the same procedures as in Example 1. The unit cell was heated from room temperature to 650.degree. C. at a rate of 50.degree. C./h and was kept at 650.degree. C. The electromotive reaction was performed with a fuel gas having a ratio of air to carbonic acid gas of 8:2 and an oxidant gas having a ratio of air to carbonic acid gas of 7:3. The relationship between the terminal voltage and the current density was examined. The results revealed the characteristics indicated by curve C in FIG. 3. It was confirmed that the fine powder layers of the electrodes caused an improvement of 30% in the bubble pressure, serving to prevent intermixing of the fuel and oxidant gases, over that (curve B) of the conventional case. The bubble pressure of the cell in Example 2 also presented a 15% improvement over that of the cell in Example 1. The cell in Example 2 had a cathode and anode with satisfactory mechanical strength and elasticity which were suitable for electrodes of a molten carbonate fuel cell. In the Examples described above, the powdery and fibrous materials were nickel or nickel-chromium alloys. However, they need not be limited to these materials. A combination of a metal layer and an electronconductive ceramic layer formed by nonelectrolytic plating, sputtering or chemical vapor deposition on a surface layer of a metal such as nickel-aluminum, nickel-cobalt, or nickel-chromium-cobalt alloy in which chromium, aluminum or cobalt is diffused in its surface layer; a ceramic which has an electron conductivity and is stable against carbonate in a reducing atmosphere, such as titanium carbide or titanium nitride; or a ceramic stable against carbonate, such as lithium aluminate, strontium titanate, lithium zirconate, or lithium titanate may be used. In Example 2, compression is performed so as to form electrodes. However, fibrous and powdery layers can be formed into soft layers containing a binder, and these layers can then be adhered with rollers and sintered. In Example 2, when fine powder layers were formed, a slurry of NiCO.sub.3 with water as a dispersion medium was applied to the electrodes. Fine Ni particles were precipitated and sintered to form fine powder layers. However, the material for the above is not limited to Ni but may be any material which does not generate a corrosive gas such as Ni(OH).sub.2 or (CH.sub.3 COO).sub.2 Ni. Furthermore, NiCO.sub.3 or (CH.sub.3 COO).sub.2 Ni can be decomposed in an oxygen atmosphere, and then a slurry containing NiO can be applied onto the surface of the sintered layers of powdery material. The material need not be limited to Ni alone but may be a carbonate or hydroxide containing Ni and Cr or Co. When such a material is used, it is thermally decomposed to form fine powder layers of Ni-Cr, Ni-Co or Ni-Cr-Co. 1. A molten carbonate fuel cell comprising unit cells each having an electrolyte layer in a plate

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Posts Tagged 'New York Botanical Garden' You have just one more week to see The Holiday Train Show at the New York Botanical Garden in the Bronx, and this year you can get closer to it than ever because of the show's layout in a new space while the Palm Dome is undergoing restoration. The 28th version of the Holiday Train Show® at The New York Botanical Garden showcases Central Park, the most popular urban park in America, along with some of the city's favorite landmarks. The beloved holiday event continues through January 26 and is a don't-miss for architecture fans, city fans and train fans of all ages. Central Park, designed in 1858 by landscape architects Frederick Law Olmsted and Calvert Vaux, occupies not only the middle of Manhattan but also a special place in the hearts of New Yorkers and in the American imagination. Visited by more people than any other urban park in the United States, it has been featured in hundreds of movies. Perhaps even more important, Olmsted and Vaux's "Greensward Plan" inspired cities across the country to set aside large open spaces as public parks. A striking feature of their design was the wide variety of buildings and architectural elements they included to complement the natural setting. The miniature Central Park wonderland at the Holiday Train Show is made of natural materials including birch bark, lotus ponds, twigs, stems, fruit, seeds, fungus, pine cones, acorns and cinnamon sticks with mind-boggling creations of buildings, bridges, landscapes and train tracks, artistically crafted by founding visionary Paul Busse's team at Applied Imagination. Model trains zip through an enchanting display of more than 175 New York landmarks. New replicas of Central Park's iconic architectural features include Belvedere Castle, the Dairy, the Old Bandstand, the Angel of the Waters sculpture atop the Bethesda Fountain, and two graceful pedestrian bridges. You'll also see famous New York buildings that are either adjacent to the park or just inside it including the Plaza Hotel, the Metropolitan Museum of Art, the Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum and the Rose Center for Earth and Space, part of the American Museum of Natural History. In addition to the Central Park area, emphasis this year is on representing buildings that haven't been highlighted in previous displays or in other ways in the city. Painstakingly recreated from old photos and records, many buildings long gone from the city's landscape are presented. It warrants considerable time to ruminate on New York past and the architectural wonders that have been replaced by today's skyscrapers and you'll have a chance to view them virtually side-by-side with the city's newest icons like The Oculus, looking almost like a mini-bug with its winged architecture. Plan on spending at least two hours to thoroughly enjoy the displays of each borough, the iconic city buildings, and watch the trains meandering throughout the exhibit. Train lovers will enjoy more than 25 G-scale model trains and trolleys that hum along nearly a half-mile of track past re-creations of iconic sites from all five boroughs of New York City, the Hudson River Valley, and other locations in New York State. American steam engines, streetcars from the late 1800s, and modern freight and passenger trains travel underneath overhead trestles, through tunnels, across rustic bridges, and past waterfalls that cascade into flowing creeks. Thomas the Tank Engine™ and other beloved trains disguised as large colorful insects add additional fun to the displays. The New York Botanical Garden is a museum of plants located in the Bronx. The Holiday Train Show is very busy, so buy your timed tickets in advance at www.nybg.org . The New York Botanical Garden, 2900 Southern Boulevard, Bronx, New York. New Year's Day Fun in New York City The evening's festivities are over; here are some activities to consider for the first day of 2018. Are you a daredevil? The weather promises to be freezing on New Year's Day, but that doesn't deter these folks from plunging into the icy cold water at Coney Island in Brooklyn. The Coney Island Polar Bear Club New Year's Day Plunge is free with

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CommonCrawl

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and begins at 1pm at the Stillwell Avenue boardwalk entrance. Participants get free admission to the New York Aquarium and a post-dip warm up at Coney Island Brewing Company and Steeplechase Beer Garden. A $25 donation is suggested to benefit local Coney Island organizations including the New York Aquarium and the Alliance for Coney Island. Train lovers still have time to catch the annual Holiday Train Show at the New York Botanical Garden in the Bronx where model trains travel through a miniature landscape of 150+ iconic city structures. This year's version spotlights Midtown Manhattan, with a new Empire State Building, Chrysler Building, General Electric Building and more on view through January 15. Advance reservations are strongly recommended as tickets do sell out. https://www.nybg.org/event/holiday-train-show/. In Queens, the 2018 Bridgestone NHL Winter Classic®—hockey's highest profile regular-season game—will be held at Citi Field on New Year's Day. January 1, 2018 will mark the first time the game is held in New York City. Even if you don't have a ticket, there will still be fun activities outside of the stadium starting at 9am including a DJ, giveaways, refreshments and more. If you plan to ice skate at Rockefeller Center, 5th Avenue between 49t5h and 50th streets, here's what you need to know to book a reservations through VIP igloo if you'd like to avoid the lines and also get complimentary skate rentals (although general admission does not require a reservation.) https://therinkatrockcenter.com/vip-skate-rink-reservations https://therinkatrockcenter.com/reservations. Hours are 8:30am until midnight daily. Warm up after with Maison du Chocolat's fabulously, thick and perfectly sweet chocolat at 30 Rockefeller Plaza and also on the Upper East Side at 1018 Madison Avenue. http://www.lamaisonduchocolat.us/en_us/ Or at Jacques Torres, aka Mr. Chocolate, also at 30 Rockefeller Plaza. http://www.mrchocolate.com/ And no matter where or what the New Year's celebrations have been, the potato powered FryGuys, www.fryguysnyc.com will be ready to soothe your hunger or hangover with their new boat load of OG twice fried frys, topped with scrambled eggs, bacon an cheese, then crowned with a fried egg and fried chicken. Dubbed the Brunch so Hard, this will satisfy your hunger as you enter the New Year. FryGuys, 150 2nd St. For more NYC info, check out https://www.nycgo.com/. Dale Chihuly Exhibit at New York Botanical Garden: Now through October 29 Glass artist Dale Chihuly has taken over the New York Botanical Garden once again. With his new exhibit designed to complement the Botanical Garden's landscape and architecture, Chihuly again shows his masterful use of color and material with glass sculptures intermingled among plants, near trees, and adjacent to buildings. On exhibit outdoors through October 29, the myriad glass sculptures transform into neon spectacles at night. This is Dale Chihuly's first outdoor exhibit in New York in a decade and one which you shouldn't miss. Twenty pieces including a greenish yellow tree, tangles of colored neon, and red logs are scattered among the 250 acres of the gardens, looking perfectly in place against the foliage and flowers. Overhead, hanging chandeliers, a Chihuly signature, fascinate with their twists and curls. Also displayed (indoors) are sketches from earlier in Chihuly's career as well as some of his earlier art glass pieces. For an artist as familiar as Dale Chihuly has become (his pieces are in hotels worldwide, in office buildings, and a permanent part of the NYBG collection), it's a revelation to see these works sited outdoors, glass that's impervious to the elements and makes a statement of color and design along the paths of

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1,332,342

1,024

CommonCrawl

23

24

green that fill the gardens. Before the end of the month, the leaves will begin to turn, undoubtedly creating another feeling and expression of the art. See the pieces now when everything is pure green, but definitely return by month's end both to witness the change in environment and to bid a fond farewell to a beautiful exhibit. Dining Tip: Enjoy a diverse and creative menu of paninis, pizzas, salads and desserts among the trees at the Pine Tree Café at the NYBG. https://www.nybg.org/visit/dining/pine-tree-cafe/ New York Botanical Garden, https://www.nybg.org , 2900 Southern Boulevard, Bronx, NY, 718-817-8700. Tickets start at $23 for adults and vary by day. Closed on Monday except for Columbus Day. Fall and Winter Happenings in the Bronx The Bronx, named after Jonas Bronck who settled there in 1639, is often overlooked as a destination for a day trip. Yet, it's a pretty quick subway ride, with, perhaps an Uber connection if your feet get tired. And you can fill a day or two, easily, exploring the borough. Not Just for Kids: The Bronx Zoo has something for everyone no matter the season. Go "Boo at the Zoo" in the fall, feed the penguins any time of the year, or duck into the World of Reptiles to escape the cold and marvel at the gigantic pythons and the tiny dart frogs. Other faves are Jungle World, an Asian-themed warm-climate space where otters, gibbons and 800 other animals roam; Tiger Mountain and the Congo Gorilla Forest. General admission tickets are $16, with reduced rates for children. The park is open daily from 10am-5pm. 2300 Southern Boulevard, 718-220-5100; http://bronxzoo.com / Stop and Smell the Chrysanthemums: No trip to the Bronx is complete without a visit to The New York Botanical Gardens. Year-round exhibits and programs encompass more than 50 landscapes and gardens within the 250-acre space. With more than a million plants, the diverse collection draws large crowds at this time of year for the Holiday Train Show and the Orchid Show in February. Fall walks in the forests and gardens are particularly invigorating. Tuesday through Sunday, 10am–6pm. Check the website for ticket pricing. Bronx River Parkway at Fordham Road, 718-817-8700; http://nybg.org/ Eat, Eat, Eat: A surprise to both NYC residents and visitors alike, City Island is a 1½- mile strip of land that offers a variety of seafood restaurants in a boat-friendly residential area. If you close your eyes, you just might think you've arrived in a New England fishing village. Well, almost. Try Sammy's Fish Box Lobster House, a fixture since 1966, with a menu as large as the portions. 41 City Island Avenue, City Island 718-885-0920; https://sammysfishbox.com/ Arthur Avenue is the real Italian neighborhood of New York City, a thriving hub of Italian food and culture. Distinctive from Manhattan's Little Italy where Albanians and Chinese have taken over the formerly Italian residences and restaurants, this area is populated by generations of Italians with deep roots to the mother land. Arthur Avenue is considered more "authentic" throughout and the place where Italian restaurateurs and local families shop. Check out the many food stores and the indoor retail market building with vendors selling breads, pasta, gelato, sauces and fresh meats from Italy. Restaurants are family-friendly and serve copious portions Many, like the ever-popular Dominick's, have no menus – just ask for your favorite dish or let the server surprise you with the evening's specialty. A definite go-to is Mike's Deli where you can stock up on items to prepare at home or put together a meal to eat on the spot with cured meats, sweets, o

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1,024

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1,332,342

2,048

CommonCrawl

1

6

BUICK REGAL 1988 Rear Barke Caliper Freezes Up, and then the rotor corroded, resulting in stopping problem, replace caliper/rotors/slider in calipers about 3 times. BUICK REGAL 1988 The Car Has Disc Brakes and the calipers and rotors keep failing and the brakes do not stop the car and has caused two accidents. BUICK LESABRE 2000 Front Brake Rotors Badly Warped, replaced, notice vibration in steering wheel, steel worn through, front rotors warped again, replaced. BUICK REGAL 1995 Brake Rotors Prematurley Wear Out , consumer has already replaced 4 sets of rotors, twice in front and twice in rear. BUICK LESABRE 1997 Front Brake Rotors Rusted. the dealer has turned down the rotors; however, the problem has reoccurred. manufacturer ha been notified. BUICK PARK AVENUE 1997 While Driving 50 Mph Down a mountain hill and when appyling the abs brakes, the entire vehicle violently shuddered cause unknown. BUICK REGAL 1989 Rear Brake Rotors Warped, causing brakes to grind; also replaced rear brake pads/rear caliper slide kits and replaced left front power door window. BUICK LESABRE 2000 The Rotors On The Vehicle warped excessively causing vibrations while braking. the dealer could not determine the cause. BUICK REGAL 1992 Having Excessive Braking Problems. having to replace calipers, rotors, and pads over and over again in less than a year's time. BUICK REGAL 1992 Brake Failure, Front Disc brake overhauled, replaced rotors and rear guide pin set, also due to corrision replaced calipers. BUICK CENTURY 1999 While Driving Vehicle And Applying on brakes vehicle would vibrate. dealer has stated that rotors were bad and needed to be replaced. BUICK REGAL 1998 Date Of Purchase Was Sept 2000 used. reported rotor brake warpage and transmission slippage. rotors were turned but problem not completly gone. BUICK PARK AVENUE 1998 Brakes Pulsated When Braking, steering wheel shakes and brake pedal vibrated violently due to front brake rotors were out of spec. BUICK REGAL 1995 Brake Pads And Rotors Repaired two times. BUICK RIVIERA 1995 Brake Calipers Stuck Causing Brakes to overheat and damage rotors and pads. BUICK LESABRE 1995 Brakes Continually Failing Causing Extreme vibration, replacement of faulty pads and rotors did not rectify intermittent failures. BUICK PARK AVENUE 1997 Rotors Warped Resulting In Vibration. BUICK REGAL 1996 Anti Lock Brakes And Rotors failed. BUICK CENTURY 1994 Brake Pads And Rotors Replaced several times. BUICK CENTURY 1995 Front Brake Rotors Failed Twice prematurely. BUICK REGAL 1989 Brake Rotors Failed. BUICK LESABRE 1993 Studs On Front Rotors Are too short. BUICK REGAL 1991 Brake Rotors Failed, Causing pedal to go to the floor. BUICK REGAL 1989 Brake Rotors And Calipers Rusted, resulting in pad falling off. BUICK REGAL 1991 Brake Rotors Failed. BUICK LESABRE 1995 Brake Rotors Failed. BUICK REGAL 1996 Brake Rotors Heavily Rusted, causing vibration. BUICK PARK AVENUE 1991 Brake Rotors Turned. BUICK SKYLAR

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1,024

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K 1993 Continuous Problem With Brake Rotors warping, have been replaced three times, tires also relaced due to cupping(from warped rotors) and pads replaced once. BUICK LESABRE 1996 Brake Rotor Warped. BUICK REGAL 1993 Rear Brake Rotors Failed And replaced. BUICK REGAL 1990 Rear Brake Rotors Failed And replaced. BUICK REGAL 1992 Front Brake Rotors Rusted/pitted. BUICK REGAL 1995 Brake Rotors Resurfaced. BUICK LESABRE 1992 Front Brakes/rotors Replaced. BUICK REGAL 1993 Front/rear Rotors Failed. BUICK REGAL 1991 Brakes Repaired/replaced Twice. BUICK REGAL 1994 Rear Brake Calipers Seized Open/rotors rusted and warped. BUICK REGAL 1989 Brake Rotors, Pads And calipers replaced several times prior to recall brake notice. BUICK PARK AVENUE 1994 Rotors Warped, Causing Vibration when braking. BUICK REGAL 1988 Rotors Resurfaced. BUICK LESABRE 1993 Brakes Vibrate When Stopping, due to warped brake rotors. BUICK REGAL 1991 Front Rotors Replaced. BUICK REGAL 1988 Front Brake Pads/rotors Replaced. BUICK REGAL 1991 Brake Rotors Replaced 3 Times. BUICK SKYLARK 1990 Warped Front Brake Rotors/pads/calipers, causing front end noise. BUICK CENTURY 1993 Brake Rotors Failed. BUICK LESABRE 1983 Tl* The Contact Owns A dura last (na) rotor. the rotor was purchased as an aftermarket part from a local auto supplies store. BUICK TERRAZA 2005 Every Time The Wheels Are removed from my 2005 buick terraza, the rotors go out of round, and need to be replaced. BUICK LACROSSE 2005 Dt*: The Contact Stated While driving 10 mph toward an intersection on normal road conditions, the vehicle started shaking when brakes were applied. BUICK LACROSSE 2005 Dt: The Brakes On the 2005 lacrosse were making erratic noises. the vehicle was repaired every week for last 30 days. BUICK REGAL 1998 Have 1998 Buick Rega Gs. only 55000 miles. have had several rotors and brake pads replaced over life of vehicle. BUICK REGAL 2004 The Inside Of The Rear rotors rusted and as a result the car wouldn't stop. this is the consumers fifth vehicle from gm. BUICK ROADMASTER 1993 Consumer Noticed That While Applying brakes vehicle went into extended stopping distance. technician serviced vehicle, replaced the brake system due to corrosion. BUICK LESABRE 2001 Consumer States That Brake Rotors are wearing. when applying the brakes, the vehicle will have a heavy vibration and extended stopping distance. BUICK REGAL 2001 Rotors Needed To Be Ground @ 21000 miles and then again @43000 miles, front end shakes badly when braking, make control difficult. The material on this site is for informational purposes only, and is not a substitute for professional or legal advice. The information contained on car-and-safety.com site has not been scientifically or otherwise verified as to a cause and effect relationship and cannot be used to estimate the incidence of car problems.Thank you for visiting Car-and-Safety.com and viewing information about BUICK SERVICE BRAKES, HYDRAULIC:FO

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To download the current ADA Constitution, click here. The Constitution of the American Debate Association ARTICLE 1. NAME AND PURPOSE SECTION 1. The name of this organization shall be the American Debate Association SECTION 2. The purpose of this organization shall be to promulgate standards and procedures for intercollegiate debate tournaments sanctioned by the Association, which participants agree to follow, based on the following assumptions: Debate is a controlled discussion which analyzes the substantive issues raised by a particular public policy proposition. Debate is persuasive, oral communication activity in which debaters assume the obligation to communicate reasons for positions taken in a manner that is coherent, intelligible, and consistent with the limitation on human speech and listening. Debate tournaments will be run efficiently, honestly, and in a manner which promotes the educational values of debating for all participants. Coaches and judges are educators whose job is to effectively prepare students to debate, to objectively and fairly evaluate rounds of competition to which they are assigned, and to behave in an ethical and professional fashion. Debate is an educational activity to be engaged in by undergraduate students who are officially enrolled full-time students in good academic standing at the colleges and universities that they represent in competition. ARTICLE II. THE MEMBERSHIP SECTION 1. Membership shall be open to any institution of higher education which agrees to abide by the ADA Constitution, By-Laws, Standing Rules of Debate Tournament Procedure and other standing rules of the Association and pays the annual membership fee. SECTION II. Associate membership shall be open to any individual unaffiliated with an institution of higher education or to any individual affiliated with an institutional member who agrees to abide by the ADA Constitution, By-Laws, Standing Rules of Debate Tournament Procedure and other standing rules of the Association and pays the annual associate membership fee. Associate members shall have no vote in the meetings or elections of the Association but shall be entitled to the Association newsletter and to invitations to all Association business meetings. SECTION III: New or Emergent Programs membership shall be open to any institution of higher education that have not been active in collegiate policy debate in the previous three years and agrees to abide by the ADA Constitution, By-Laws, Standing Rules of Debate Tournament Procedure and other standing rules of the Association. New or Emergent Programs will have their ADA membership fee waived for their first two years and will be entitled the full benefits of membership during that time. Schools wishing to apply for New or Emergent Programs membership must complete the registration process with the Executive Committee and be certified as a New or Emergent Program. SECTION IV. Each institution shall have one vote in the meetings and elections of the Association. ARTICLE III. OFFICERS SECTION 1. The Association shall biannually elect a President, Vice-President, Secretary and Treasurer at its May meeting. The term of office shall be two years. Officers are eligible for reelection to a maximum of two consecutive terms. A special election shall be held to fill the incompleted term of any officer forced to resign. SECTION 1. The Association shall elect a President, Vice-President, Secretary and Treasurer at its summer meeting. The term of office shall be two years. The President, Vice-President, and Secretary are eligible for reelection to a maximum of two consecutive terms. A special election shall be held to fill the incompleted term of any officer forced to resign. The President shall call and preside at general and Executive Committee meetings of the Association, appoint, the Public Relations Chair, the Novice Curriculum Chair, and such standing and select committees as from time to time may be established, and serve as an ex-officio member of all committees. The President shall coordinate the American Debate Association National Championships, and the ADA Fall Championship in years it is offered. The President shall review sanctioning applications for ADA Tournaments and support such tournaments as needed. The Vice-President, in the absence of the President, shall preside at general and Executive Committee meetings of the Association and serve as a member of the Executive Committee. If the President is presiding, the Vice-President shall serve as the arbiter of parliamentary procedure at said meetings. The Vice-President shall serve as the ADA's point of contact for the National Communication Association meeting. The Vice-President shall be responsible for presiding over eligibility determin

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ations and Executive Committee waiver decisions. The Vice-President shall assist the President in coordinating ADA Nationals and Fall Championships, and in supporting ADA Tournaments. The Secretary shall record and distribute the proceedings of each meeting of the Association and shall be responsible for maintaining Association records. The Secretary shall tabulate end-of-season team rankings. The Secretary shall supervise selection processes for the awards given at ADA Nationals, including the selection of the coaching, service, and alumni awards; tabulation of the awards given by vote at ADA Nationals; the tabulation of the Front Royal Cup; and shall sit on the Julia Burke Award Committee. The Treasurer shall collect the annual membership fees, maintain an up-to-date membership list, maintain the Association's bank account, pay Association bills, coordinate to ensure taxes are paid, and present annually a report of the Association's finances to the membership. The ADA representative to the topic selection committee will represent the ADA in Topic Committee matters. The topic representative shall serve as a member of the Executive Committee. The two-year term for this office shall begin August 1 following election. The Public Relations Chair shall be appointed by the President to handle media and public relations, in cooperation with the President and other Executive Committee officers. These responsibilities include but are not limited to: maintaining the ADA website, maintaining the ADA's social media presence, sending press releases at regular intervals, sending thank you letters to tournament hosts and others who have done ADA service, and outreach to new or struggling programs. The Novice Curriculum Committee Chair shall be appointed by the President to manage production of the fall semester novice packet, in collaboration with the other members of the Novice Curriculum Committee. SECTION 2. The Executive Committee shall be composed of the President, Vice-President, Secretary, Treasurer, ADA Topic Representative, Public Relations Chair, and Novice Curriculum Committee Chair. Individuals who have retired from the faculty of member institutions may be elected as emeritus members of the executive committee by a two-thirds vote of members present at the May meeting of the Association. SECTION 3. The Executive Committee shall set the agenda for meetings of the Association and act with authority of the full Association on any matters requiring action between meetings of the Association, subject to approval by the membership at the next scheduled meeting of the Association. ARTICLE IV. MEETINGS SECTION 1. The Association shall meet during the summer (May-August) for the purpose of election officers and revising the 'Constitution and the Standing Rules of Debate Tournament Procedure." Additionally, the Association shall meet, at least once, during the Fall academic semester (September-December) and at least once during the Spring academic semester (January-April). SECTION 2. Written notice of the time and place of all meetings of the Association shall be given to all institutional members at least two weeks prior to any meeting. This may include, but is not limited to, announcement in the Newsletter. SECTION 3. The President will issue the call to the annual business meeting at least one month prior to the date of that meeting. All proposed changes to the Standing Rules or the Constitution must be received by the President of the ADA no later than two weeks prior to the date of the annual business meeting. The President will distribute received proposals to the membership as soon as practical. Motions received after the two week deadline may be considered only by a suspension of the rules. SECTION 4. General business shall be by a simple majority vote of members present and voting or represented by proxy. Policies shall be effective after passage by the membership except that a ballot of the entire membership may be directed by a two-thirds vote of the members present and voting or represented by proxy. To be valid, with respect to policies or amendments to the Constitution or the Standing Rules, proxy votes must comply with the following conditions: Member schools not attending a meeting of the Association may complete and sign a proxy statement which must indicate (a) the motion on which the vote is to be cast, and (b) the vote which is to be cast, for or against the motion. No member institution may vote more than five proxy votes in addition to its own vote. Proxies must be submitted to the Secretary at, or prior to, the start of the meeting. Proxies shall apply only to main motions and not to subsidiary motions. Should successful amendments to a main motion substantially alter its intent,

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the Chair may rule the proxy void. SECTION 5. Unless otherwise provided in the Constitution, all proceedings shall be governed by Robert's Rules of Order. ARTICLE V. ADA NATIONAL TOURNAMENT SECTION 1. The ADA will sponsor a national tournament during the second semester. SECTION 2. The executive committee of the ADA will administer the tournament. ARTICLE VI. ORGANIZATION AND DISSOLUTION SECTION 1. This Association is organized exclusively for educational purposes within the meaning of Section 501 (c) (3) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1954. SECTION 2. Notwithstanding any other provisions of these articles, the Association shall not carry on any other activities not permitted to be carried on: By any organization exempt from Federal income tax under Section 501 (c) (3) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1954 (or the corresponding provisions of any future United States Internal Revenue Law), or By any organization contributions to which are deductible under Section 170 (c) (2) of the Internal Revenue Code of 194 (or the corresponding provision of any future United States Internal Revenue Law). SECTION 3. Upon the winding up and dissolution of this corporation, after paying or adequately providing for debts and obligations of the corporation, the remaining assets shall be distributed to a nonprofit fund, foundation, or corporation which is organized and operated exclusively for charitable educational, religious, and/or scientific purposes and which has established its tax exempt status under Section 501 (c) (3) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1954 (or the corresponding provision of any future United States Internal Revenue Law). ARTICLE VII. AMENDMENTS SECTION 1. Amendments to this Constitution shall be made by a two-thirds vote of the members present and voting or represented by proxy at the May meeting of the Association, or at the meeting of the Association at the Annual Convention of the American Forensic Association, subject to approval by a two-thirds majority of a ballot sent to the entire membership. SECTION 2. Amendments and changes to the Standing Rules of Debate Tournament Procedures shall be made by a simple majority of the members present and voting or represented by proxy at the May meeting of the Association, or at the meeting of the Association at the Annual Convention of the American Forensic Association, subject to approval by a simple majority of a ballot sent to the entire membership. Revisions-American Debate Association Constitution ADA Constitution approved May 17, 1988, Frederick, Maryland. Revised by schools in attendance at Frederick, Maryland, May 18, 1989. Edward Grinder, O.S.B. Revised by action of schools attending ADA meeting in Atlanta, Georgia, November 2, 1991. Approved by membership via mail ballot. Arnie Madsen. Revised by action of schools attending ADA meeting in Chicago, Illinois, October 30, 1992. Approved by membership via mail ballot. Arnie Madsen. Revised by action of schools attending ADA meeting in Annapolis, Maryland, May 11, 1993. Approved by membership via mail ballot. Arnie Madsen. Revised by action of schools attending ADA meeting in Fredericksburg, Virginia, May 15, 1998. . Approved by membership via mail ballot. Sue Wenzlaff Revised by action of schools attending ADA meeting in Fredericksburg, Virginia, May 19, 2000. Approved by membership via mail ballot. Brent Brossmann Revised by action of schools attending the NCA meeting in Atlanta, Georgia, October 31, 2001. Approved by membership via mail ballot. Brent Brossmann Revised by action of schools attending ADA meeting in Orlando, Florida. May 14, 2005. Approved by membership via mail ballot. Michael Dutcher Revised by action of schools attending ADA meeting in Washington, DC. May 16, 2014. Approved by membership via mail ballot. Danielle O'Gorman Revised by action of schools attending ADA meeting in Annapolis, MD. May 15,

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Global Crisis: A Shift in Global Order with Emergence of Symbiotic Relationship Hananah Zarrar COVID-19 has exposed the inability of present security mechanisms, regionally as well as internationally, to deal with a crisis of such unimaginable extent and nature. Where states kept on strengthening their defense and security mechanisms with technological advancements, post-1945 Human Security perspective kept on fading and is somewhere left unattended in recent decades. The prevailing panic situation across the globe and crashing credibility of governments' securing their societies, is factually due to the outbreak of spontaneous challenge which was not earlier thought to be happening with such a devastating impact. Thus, the current pandemic forces the governing bodies from all around the globe to reconsider their preferences of security paradigms. In the wake of COVID-19 and consequent reversing of globalization, the new isolationism is temporarily under process. As the concept suggests, isolationism is the state's reluctance to international engagement and commitments while having an inward-looking policy. It is, in other words, the reduced diplomatic activity. This emerging isolationist approach is less like American isolationism as its core cause resides in human social limitations rather than that of a state. With a core objective of securing humanity from this existential threat, states are encouraged to deal it individually yet collectively struggle for a common cause worldwide. After 1945 atomic bombing of Japan and ensuring human catastrophe, the current pandemic is the second major event that emphasizes the pre-dominant significance of human security perspective in broader security mechanisms of the globe. Highlighting the current scenario, none around the world had anticipated the Wuhan crisis to be transforming into global crisis and kept watching the spectacle till it became their own nightmare in matter of days. Neither realized the actual lack of proactive and crisis managing leaderships in countries like Italy and Spain. Now, the United States faces the same challenge. It is evident that none of the country was ready for such calamity.This spontaneous global pandemic has exposed the true crisis management and organizational capacity of almost all the sovereign states around the world irrespective of technological or economic superiorities. It highlights the significance of degree of intra-coherent nature of national governments and social structures of their societies. While, international community and organizations can only assist and emphasize unity, it's the national governments which can play significant role in generating a complex symbiotic relationship from all across the globe.In recent remarks, Secretary-General António Guterres urged worldwide solidarity in facing the crisis and observed that coordination of global responses would help to conquer the virus. Once the emergency situation lowers, the Council may wish to thematically consider a briefing on the various security and humanitarian preferences post COVID-19. Thus, international community can only act as secondary or assisting body while the governments are the primary doers. The temporary isolationist approach discussed above is likely to vanish soon after the normalization process begins whether it's with natural or artificial remedial options. The following time period would be decisive in terms of global shift in security preferences and could give birth to new era of mutual benefit among nations. States could and would be wise enough to learn from nature and opt a symbiotic relationship among each other globally. Type of symbiotic relationship here is Mutualism which promotes a beneficial relationship between two parties. Multiple mutualism exists between more than two parties/organizations/states. This outbreak has reminded states of being globalized entities with inter-connected survivability. Post-COVID-19 world demands a less offensive and more cooperative world with a major shift from state to human security perspective. While keeping the human security perspective in view, a soon to emerge new world order after the pandemic is over, would be focused on health assisting mechanisms for the countries worse affected. Countries with effective management and capable of making proactive decisions in this crisis would rather be taken as examples to learn from. There would be a major transition in states' repute and position in global world order based on these capabilities. Major and sophisticated powers might not be considered as major anymore in true sense owing to how inadequately they performed during this calamity. This whole transition alludes to a world rapidly moving towards a multipolarity with equal status. Related Topics:Coronavirus CO

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VID-19: Your Legal Rights in a quarantine Obligation of China under International Law with respect to Covid 19 Hananah Zarrar is a Researcher at Centre for Aerospace and Security Studies (CASS), Islamabad. She holds an MPhil degree with major area of interest in Strategic and Nuclear Affairs. UN-backed COVAX mechanism delivers its 1 billionth COVID-19 vaccine dose Omicron and Vaccine Nationalism: How Rich Countries Have Contributed to Pandemic's Longevity COVID-19 pandemic stalls global economic recovery WHO recommends two new drugs to treat patients with COVID-19 Sumaya Barsha In a global pandemic, "Nobody is safe until everyone is safe", – it is more of true with respect to the current globalized world system. It is said that crisis strikes the conscience and forces the 'commonality of purpose' on one another- and a major one in magnanimous scale. But the current Covid-19 crisis seems to have emerged in oddity with this very axiom, of course, due to self-serving, in WHO's words- 'self-defeating' and 'immoral', approaches to dealing the pandemic by wealthy countries. A new and potentially more transmissible variant of Covid-19 virus, named Omicron by WHO, has been detected in South Africa. With scientists yet to be confirmed about new variant's epicenter and its likely implication on human immune system, the emergence of Omicron has brought the long-warned case of 'vaccine nationalism'– a phenomenon in which each nation prioritizes securing ample doses without considering impact on poor ones- to light. Unheeded to the repeated warnings by scientists and pandemic specialists, many of the world's richest countries had embarked on a vaccine-acquisition frenzy and hoarded jabs more than their requirements. Some countries have even gone to the extent that they had acquired up to four times what their population needed. Thereby, it has left majority of poor and developing countries, particularly those in global south, unvaccinated, with further risk of the virus being muted into more virulent variants, as in the case of Omicron. A simple numerical data over vaccination rate across the world exposes the grotesques picture of pandemic recovery divide among the countries and immoral hoarding and hedging efforts on vaccine supplies by wealthy countries. As of now, whereas only 3% of people in low income countries have fully been vaccinated, the figure exceeds 60% in both high-income and upper-middle –income countries. In Africa, the most under-vaccinated and the epicenter of ominous Omicron, only some 7% of its 1.3 billion people are fully immunized. Given the 9.1bn vaccines already manufactured and 12bn expected by the end of this year, the question is- why does vaccination effort remain so discriminatory and dividing across the regions? The answer, in most part, lies in the 'pervasive economic inequity' inherent in initial vaccine-acquisition process. With their enormous capacity to pay out, rich countries, even before pandemic took devastating hold, had pursued a 'portfolio-approach' in investing on vaccine development research by pharmaceutical companies- simultaneous investment on multiple ones. In exchange, those countries stroke bilateral deal with each drag company to secure enough prospective vaccine doses to inoculate their respective population several times over. This absolutist vaccine-acquisition drive of wealthy nations had substantially thwarted the holistic approach taken up by World Health Organization(WHO) under the platform of COVAX, a vaccine sharing program. With the aim of reducing the delay in vaccine allocation to poor and developing countries, and thus ensuring vaccine equity, the multilateral platform didn't get enough incentives from wealthy ones, since started its journey in April 2020. Both investment and acquisition by well-off countries, having bypassed the COVAX, kept them into the front of manufacturing line, thereby, contributed to the distributional injustice. 'What starts wrong ends wrong'- initial absolutist approaches in vaccine acquisition started to be manifested in discriminatory distribution

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of vaccines. Thereby, an amazing scientific breakthrough, development of vaccine in record time, has been offset by awful political policy. In mid-2021, when one portion of world were almost on the track of carefree normalcy, people in bigger portion were struggling to breath. Today, problem is not in production of vaccines, as 2 billion doses of vaccines are being manufactured in every month, rather in the 'unfairness of distribution'. Early monopolistic exercise by G20 on acquisition and subsequent stockpile of vaccines has resulted in such galling situation that they have commandeered over 89% of vaccines already produced and over 71% of future deliveries. Consequently, the global inoculation drive, since started, is so unjust that for every vaccine delivered to the poorest countries, six times as many doses are being administered as third and booster vaccines in the richest countries. Adding further to the crisis being escalated, while more than 100 countries, for past one year, have desperately demanded emergency waiver on TRIPs related regulatory restriction on Technologies crucial to pandemic recovery, it has repeatedly been blocked by UK and EU. Picture is not all-about gloomy with respect to vaccine collaboration but it is quite tiny to the scale of requirements. Rich countries could not deliver on the commitments they did to help poor countries immunize their population. For instance, WHO's target of having 40% of global population vaccinated by end of this year, through COVAX, seems certainly to fall short largely due to the rich countries failing to deliver on their promise to use their surplus vaccines to immunize the under-vaccinated countries. Far from near, the G7 countries had drastically failed to deliver on their promises made on G7 summit in June. As of last week, USA has delivered only 25%, with further embarrassing arithmetic of EU only 19%, UK 11% and Canada just 5%. Given the frightening predictions from WHO that another 5 million could be added to the already 5 million death tolls across the world, in the next year or more, it is high time starting a collective endeavor with herculean efforts to inoculate large swaths of unvaccinated people in un-protected areas. Keeping large portion out of vaccination will only make the pandemic endure with no time to end, as virus continues to persist through mutating in un-protected area into a more menacing variant. If so, then again someone else may say, after next the worst wave- "We were forewarned- and yet here we are". The Nuclear Weapons Ban Treaty (TPNW): Wishful daydream or historic milestone? Hellmut Lagos Koller The Treaty on the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons (TPNW), adopted in 2017, has entered into force on the 22nd of January of this year and the number of ratifying states continues to grow, with Mongolia being the latest to announce its accession. This positive trend is certainly welcomed with enthusiasm by the Civil Society campaigners and growing number of supporters of this treaty that represents a huge step forward for the global movement to draw attention to the catastrophic humanitarian consequences of any use of nuclear weapons. It would certainly be dishonest to ignore the fact that this new international legal instrument remains controversial, to say the least, for most of the members of the so-called nuclear deterrence community. As preparations are ongoing for the first Meeting of States Parties, scheduled to take place in Vienna on 22-24 March 2022, it is useful to address some of the main doubts and arguments against the treaty. In this regard, the main criticism is that it makes no sense to support a treaty on nuclear weapons if those states that possess them have not joined nor any intention to join it. In order to address this claim, it may be useful to recall that in the case of the Mine Ban and the Cluster Munition treaties, its main promoters and supporters were also states that did not possess those weapons, and that those international instruments also received some harsh criticism for this reason. Despite of this, there is no doubt now that both of those treaties have become remarkable success stories, not only by achieving the goal of approaching universalization, but also by consolidating a general moral condemnation of those

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categories of weapons. Therefore, the argument that a treaty necessarily needs to be joined by the possessors of the weapons can easily be rebutted. Despite of the current position of the nuclear weapons states, each new ratification of the treaty is not meaningless: on the contrary, it provides the treaty more authority and contributes to the growing pressure on nuclear weapons states to adopt further steps towards nuclear disarmament. The other major contribution of the TPNW is that it facilitates the process of delegitimisation of nuclear weapons, necessary to finally amend the well-established foundations of nuclear deterrence doctrines. The humanitarian principles that are underlying the treaty are totally incompatible with those doctrines, and therefore are having an impact on them by highlighting the inherent immorality and illegitimacy of nuclear weapons. Another argument for the case of ratification is that it provides states the opportunity to support the process of democratization of the global debate on nuclear weapons, as this new treaty has been the result of a very open discussion with active engagement of delegations from all geographic regions and, in particular, of representatives of Civil Society. This is not a minor aspect of this process, but a key element. Indeed, unlike in negotiations of previous international legal instruments, in this era of growing complexity and interlinkages, the main challenges faced by humankind are being addressed by a diverse group of citizens, from all walks of life and regions. Traditional diplomacy is certainly not enough, and in the case of the TPNW, the positive results would clearly not have been possible without the decisive boost provided by the International Campaign to Abolish Nuclear Weapons (ICAN), which was able to mobilize Civil Society and likeminded governments towards the goal of negotiating a nuclear weapons ban treaty. While it would be naïve to expect the establishment of the nuclear weapons states to be convinced by the humanitarian narrative and in a foreseeable future to amend its defence and security policies base on nuclear deterrence, the TPNW and its focus on the security of the human being instead of the traditional notion of the security of the state, are already having an impact on the academic and public debates in those states. The second argument used by its critics is that the TPNW weakens the Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT). Actually, this is not only incorrect, the opposite is true. In fact, the TPNW can serve as an initiative to help implement article VI of the NPT, by which parties are committed to undertake to "pursue negotiations in good faith on effective measures relating to cessation of the nuclear arms race at an early date and to nuclear disarmament". This is of vital importance as the treaty clearly attaches a key role to all parties, and not only to those states that possess nuclear weapons. This commitment has also been reflected in the Final Document of the 2010 NPT Review Conference, and the TPNW can be understood as a reflection of that obligation to contribute to nuclear disarmament by non-nuclear weapons states. Another common point is that the nuclear weapons industry is too strong and well consolidated and that it would be naïve to pretend that this treaty could actually have an impact on investment decisions. This pessimism has also been proven wrong. In fact, in 2021, more than one hundred financial institutions are reported to have decided to stop investing in companies related to nuclear weapons production. As a result, the nuclear weapons industry is experiencing a considerable reduction and the trend towards the exclusion of this sector from investment targets is growing steadily. This is not only the consequence from the legal obligations that emanate from the TPNW but a reflection of the devaluation of the public image associated to these industries. As this public image continues to deteriorate, it is likely that this trend will continue and that the moral condemnation of these weapons of mass destruction will be absorbed into the mainstream of society. Another common misinterpretation is that the TPNW should be understood as an instrument that is only designed to be joined exclusively by non-nuclear weapons states. In fact, even though the treaty was developed by non-nuclear weapons states, it has been drafted and negotiated with the goal of universal adherence, including, someday, those states that still include nuclear deterrence in their national security doctrines. In particular, the TPNW establishes a clear set of steps for nuclear weapons states in order to eliminate their arsenals of nuclear weapons. Specifically, within

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60 days after the entry into force of the treaty for a state party that possesses nuclear weapons, that state must submit a plan for the complete elimination of its nuclear weapons to a competent international authority that has been specially designated by states parties. The treaty also includes a process to designate a competent international authority to verify the elimination of nuclear weapons by a state before acceding to the treaty, and a process for states parties that maintain nuclear weapons in their territories for the removal of these weapons and report this action to the United Nations Secretary General. It is also noteworthy that this treaty obliges states parties to provide adequate assistance to victims affected by the use or by testing of nuclear weapons, and to take the necessary measures for environmental rehabilitation in areas contaminated under its control. This dimension of the treaty constitutes an important contribution both to the protection of human rights of victims and to the now inescapable obligation to protect the environment, which are aspects that are not covered by the Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban Treaty (CTBT). This certainly does not affect the value and vital role of this key instrument of the nuclear disarmament and non-proliferation regime but complements it by addressing the fundamental issue of environmental reparation. The main challenge now is now not only to achieve a wider universality of the TPNW, but to engage more stakeholders and create awareness on the urgency of bringing pressure on the nuclear weapons states to finally move toward nuclear disarmament. In this regard, Civil Society initiatives have been promoting engagement of members of grassroots, parliament, the media and city governments, particularly in nuclear weapons states, which has had impressive results, with hundreds of local governments expressing support for the treaty and generating discussion among the population. These initiatives serve the purpose of putting pressure on politicians and especially, to facilitate a discussion within democratic societies about the sustainability and risks involved in the possession and harboring of nuclear weapons. Indeed, the TPNW has a long way to go and overcome many obstacles to achieve its objective, but in its first year of entry into force, it has already had an undeniable impact on the nuclear disarmament and non-proliferation debate, despite the expected skeptics and efforts to ignore its existence stemming from the still powerful nuclear deterrence establishment. Most of its technical experts, academics and government officials honestly believe that nuclear weapons have helped to guarantee peace and stability to the world and therefore should continue as the foundation of international security doctrines. These well-established ideas have been based on the questionable assumption that the deployment of these weapons have avoided war and can guarantee permanent peace for all nations. This has served as a sort of dogmatic idea for many decades, but recent research results have shown that the risks involved are significantly higher and that the humanitarian consequences would be catastrophic for every citizen of the planet. The humanitarian impact paradigm, which underlies the process that has inspired the TPNW, has provoked a tectonic shift in the nuclear disarmament and non-proliferation debate, which had been limited to the NPT review conferences with its often-frustrating results. Certainly, the persistence of the different approaches needs to be addressed in a more constructive discussion among the supporters of this treaty and the deterrence community. Finally, the fact that the first meeting of states parties of the TPNW will take place in Vienna is very meaningful as Austria has been one of the leading nations in this process, particularly in drafting the Humanitarian Pledge to fill the legal gap for the prohibition of nuclear weapons, which has been a decisive step towards the treaty that has already fulfilled that commitment. Despite of all the difficulties and the persistence of significant resistance, the active and committed participation of diplomats and Civil Society representatives, under the leadership of Austria, allow to envisage that this first meeting will help to strengthen the treaty and move forward in the long and burdensome road to the final objective of achieving a world free of nuclear weapons. Regional Mechanisms of Human Rights: The Way Forward: Case of South Asia Abhinav Mehrotra Long debates have evolved since the 1948 UDHR as to whether human rights should always be perceived as universal, or whether they need to be regarded as contextual on regional and local cultures. If we look at Art. 2 of the UDHR the rights apply "with no distinction given to their race, colour, sex, language, religion, political or other opinion

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Chapman 'angry and disappointed' in salary adjustment approved by BOC Flat raise of $3,000 per year given to all deputies and jailers 04/04/2017 Sharon Swanepoel Government, Government, Police and Fire, Police and Fire, Top News 0 The Walton County Board of Commissioners voted unanimously Tuesday to give all jailers and sheriff's deputies at Walton County Sheriff's Office an annual pay raise of a flat $3,000. This will go into effect May 1. But not everybody is happy with the outcome following Sheriff Joe Chapman's battle to get a pay 10 percent pay raise for his deputies, not the least of which is the Sheriff himself. He said he was both angry and disappointed. "I'm disappointed, very disappointed, mostly with Commissioner (Timmy) Shellnut. He lied to my face tonight," Chapman said. "He told me he was going to vote for that 10 percent and he lied." The motion to adjust the pay for all jailers and sheriff's deputies by 10 percent failed when Shellnut, along with Commissioners Kirklyn Dixon and Tommy Stringer, voted against the proposal for the 10 percent that Commissioner Mark Banks proposed. Banks' proposal for 10 percent was supported by Commissioners Lee Bradford and Dr. Jeremy Adams, making for a 3 way tie. Commission Chairman Kevin Little, whose vote would have broken a tie one way or another, recused himself so the motion died. Dixon then proposed the $3,000 flat pay adjustment, which passed unanimously. It effectively raises the base pay for a new recruit from $29,000 to $32,000 a year, a little more than the 10 percent and possibly helping fill some of the 35 vacancies Chapman has said he needs to fill. But it creates another problem, Chapman said. "What it does is five or six years from now those new deputies are going to be earning more than their supervisors," he said. "I've had this problem before and almost lost two of my top deputies because of it. I had sergeants making more than lieutenants." Chapman said when salary adjustments across the board are then given, those who earned more than 10 percent this time around eventually overtake those who didn't. The $3,000 flat rate ranges from 10.2 percent for some in the lower ranks to 3.7 percent for the higher ranking deputies. There was some confusion when Dixon made the proposal with some questioning whether it is a one time $3,000 pay raise and whether those who received it will still receive a pay raise in the new fiscal year when all salaries in the county government are likely to be considered for potential pay raises. Little confirmed that it is a flat $3,000 per year pay adjustment going forward for the deputies, but couldn't comment on any other possible salary adjustments. "There is no answer yet for the July budget," Little said. Chapman said while he is angry about the outcome, he is happy that they at least got something. "I'm proud they got something – something is better than nothing," he said. "Do I think it is enough? No. But at least it is something. The issue for me is I've got 35 openings that I need to fill. No other agency has that number of openings." Crowd turned up on April 4 as the Walton County Board of commissioners considers a 10 percent pay raise for certified officers with Walton County Sheriff's Office. Photo credit: Melanie Ann Jackson Initial story Update: The Walton County Board of Commissioners voted unanimously Tuesday to raise the pay of all jailers and sheriff's duties employed with the Walton County Sheriff's Office by #3,000 annually, effective May 1. A large crowd is on hand at the Historic Courthouse in downtown Monroe as the Walton County Board of Commissioners prepares to vote on a potential 10 percent salary adjustment for all certified officers at the Walton County Sheriff's Office. The meeting opened with Wendra Williams, long-time employee of Walton County 911, addressing the BOC and telling them that all employees, not just employees of the WCSO

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This article about intimacy is based on the information of Mona Fishbane, PhD. More detail on what she teaches is available in her book, Loving with the Brain in Mind: Neurobiology and Couple Therapy. During early love, our brains are all high as kites on a chemical called dopamine. It's what helps with bonding, and gives us the 'I want you, I need you' feeling. It won't surprise you to learn that the critical, judgmental parts of brain are turned off when we're madly in love! The dopamine-fueled state can last between 18 months to 3 years. Afterwards, love evolves into a saner state described as 'companionate love'. This is when couples see each other 'warts and all'. It is also the time that intimacy can start to be damaged. And the damage can be made worse by stressful events, such as having children. When early love fades, people missing the dopamine high may seek it elsewhere. This post outlines an alternative to that unhappy outcome. It uses insights from neuroscience (naturally). So what is intimacy in long term relationships? One definition is that intimacy over time involves an awareness of the fragility of love, and the need to nurture it intentionally. It also involves tolerating differences; it involves respecting the otherness of the other. If that sounds about right to you (it does to me), then sustaining intimacy involves monitoring what facilitates intimacy and what blocks it. Eye contact. Our phones and other devices take us away from making more eye contact with eachother, which is problematic from an intimacy perspective. Seeing eachother 'with fresh eyes'. Seeing our partners as they are, not through the lens of transference, expectations, disappointments, and reactivity. The reason that intimacy is so challenging to build and keep is because of a conflict that exists within all of us: the need for self preservation and the need for closeness. The brain's fight or flight response, triggered in the amygdala part of the brain (the emotional brain, responsible for fast and habitual reactions) undermines intimacy. This amygdala is triggered by old emotional memories. We can become stuck in our intimate relationships in exactly the way we got stuck as kids. And long term relationships become unhappy dances of eachother's old wounds. However, rifts can be used to deepen intimacy. Happy couples turn towards eachother following a fight, repair readily and well. This is another key way intimacy is built; through repairing moments of hurt or disconnection. Experts say that love isn't a steady state of connection. There is connection, disconnection and repair. Seen in this way, the times of disconnection are not something to be feared. Experts say that sustaining intimacy is learning to regulate the amygdala with our 'higher brain', the prefrontal cortex (so called because it is the seat of our reasoning and analytical capabilities). Doing this is 'loving with the brain in mind'. In couples therapy, therapists teach couples how to change that position. It happens when we learn to pause when our partners trigger an emotional response. This is what expert Dan Siegal calls 'the pause that refreshes'. We learn to challenge our self justifications and habitual patterns, and we chose behaviour more thoughtfully. You also have to adopt an active rather than passive view of loving. 'Falling out of love' is very passive language. An active approach involves approaching our relationships with self responsibility and co-responsibility, as well as nurturing the 'we'. The Buddhist monk Thich Nhat Hanh said that we all have seeds of anger and resentment, as well as love and compassion. Nurturing the we means choosing to water the seeds of love and compassion for our partners. In couples therapy, the first thing that therapists do is identify the couple's 'stance'. For example, it could be 'criticize and withdraw'. Then, they are led to look behind the scenes with curiosity, and identify the factors fueling the amygdala's dance. And then give them tools to manage reactivity and make better choices. This is the process of transition to prefrontal thoughtfulness from emotional reactivity. Self-soothing. People parenting themselves basically. Using deep

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Vs > San R. Yuma Puerto Princesa, Palawan vs San R. Yuma Climate & Distance Between Puerto Princesa, Palawan vs Aranyaprathet, Thailand Puerto Princesa, Palawan vs Wad Medani, Sudan Puerto Princesa, Palawan vs Cimone Mountain, Italy Puerto Princesa, Palawan vs Bangalore, India San R. Yuma vs Senhor Do Bonfim, Brazil San R. Yuma vs Boonton, Nj, Usa San R. Yuma vs Two Harbors, Mn, Usa San R. Yuma vs Alpena, Michigan, Usa Angelica, Ny vs Santis Felixstowe, England vs La Ceiba Houston, Texas vs Doneck Cornwall, Vt vs Dresden The distance between Puerto Princesa, Palawan, Philippines and San R. Yuma, Dominican Republic is approximately 16,778 km or 10,426 mi. To reach Puerto Princesa, Palawan in this distance one would set out from San R. Yuma bearing 344.9° or NNW and follow the great circles arc to approach Puerto Princesa, Palawan bearing 194.6° or SSW . Puerto Princesa, Palawan has a tropical wet and dry/ savanna climate with dry winters (Aw) whereas San R. Yuma has a tropical monsoonal climate (Am). Puerto Princesa, Palawan is in or near the tropical moist forest biome whereas San R. Yuma is in or near the subtropical moist forest biome. The mean annual temperature is 0.9 °C (1.5°F) warmer. Average monthly temperatures vary by 2.2 °C (4°F) less in Puerto Princesa, Palawan. The continentality subtype is extremely hyperoceanic as opposed to truly hyperoceanic. The altitude of the sun at midday is overall 3.6° higher in Puerto Princesa, Palawan than in San R. Yuma. The table shows values for Puerto Princesa, Palawan relative to San R. Yuma. You can also view this comparison the other way around from the perspective of San R. Yuma vs Puerto Princesa, Palawan. Average Max Temperature °C ( °F) +2 (+3) +2 (+4) +1 (+1) +1 (+2) +0 (+1) -1 (-2) -2 (-3) -2 (-3) -2 (-3) -2 (-3) +0 (0) +1 (+2) +0 (0) Average Temperature °C ( °F) +3 (+5) +3 (+5) +2 (+4) +3 (+5) +2 (+3) -1 (-1) -1 (-3) -1 (-3) -1 (-2) 0 (-1) +1 (+2) +2 (+4) +1 (+2) Average Min Temperature °C ( °F) +2 (+3) +2 (+3) +1 (+2) +2 (+3) +1 (+2) +1 (+1) +0 (+0) -1 (-2) -1 (-1) 0 (0) +1 (+2) +2 (+4) +1 (+1) Average Precipitation mm (in) -39 (-2) -32 (-1) -11 (0) -30 (-1) -42 (-2) +73 (+3) +86 (+3) +79 (+3) +71 (+3) +5 (+0) +59 (+2) +22 (+1) +241 (+9) Sun altitude at solar noon on the 21st day (°) +8.5 +8.4 +8.4 +4.3 -8.4 -8.7 -8.3 +4 +8.8 +8.8 +8.8 +8.7 +3.6 http://www.puerto-princesa.climatemps.com/vs/san-r-yuma.php Puerto Princesa, Palawan vs Jendouba, Tunisia Puerto Princesa, Palawan vs Cape Hatteras, North Carolina, Usa Puerto Princesa

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Research ArticleCell biologyStem cells Free access | 10.1172/JCI125015 CDKN2B upregulation prevents teratoma formation in multipotent fibromodulin-reprogrammed cells Zhong Zheng,1 Chenshuang Li,1 Pin Ha,1 Grace X. Chang,2 Pu Yang,3 Xinli Zhang,1 Jong Kil Kim,1 Wenlu Jiang,1,3 Xiaoxiao Pang,1,4 Emily A. Berthiaume,2 Zane Mills,5 Christos S. Haveles,2 Eric Chen,1 Kang Ting,1,6 and Chia Soo6 1Division of Growth and Development, School of Dentistry, and 2David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA. 3State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Orthodontics, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China. 4Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Stomatology Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China. 5Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, and 6Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery and Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and the Orthopaedic Hospital Research Center, UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA. Address correspondence to: Zhong Zheng, Division of Growth and Development, School of Dentistry, UCLA, 675 Charles E. Young Drive South, MRL 2641, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA. Phone: 310.206.5646; Email: [email protected]. Or to: Kang Ting, Division of Growth and Development, School of Dentistry, UCLA, 10833 Le Conte Avenue, Box 951668, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA. Phone: 310.825.4384; Email: [email protected]. Or to: Chia Soo, Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery and Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and the Orthopaedic Hospital Research Center, UCLA, 675 Charles E. Young Drive South, MRL 2641A, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA. Phone: 310.206.7783; Email: [email protected]. Authorship note: ZZ and CL are co–senior authors and contributed equally to this work. Find articles by Zheng, Z. in: JCI | PubMed | Google Scholar | Find articles by Li, C. in: JCI | PubMed | Google Scholar Find articles by Ha, P. in: JCI | PubMed | Google Scholar Find articles by Chang, G. in: JCI | PubMed | Google Scholar Find articles by Yang, P. in: JCI | PubMed | Google Scholar Find articles by Zhang, X. in: JCI | PubMed | Google Scholar | Find articles by Kim, J. in: JCI | PubMed | Google Scholar | Find articles by Jiang, W. in: JCI | PubMed | Google Scholar Find articles by Pang, X. in: JCI | PubMed | Google Scholar Find articles by Berthiaume, E. in: JCI | PubMed | Google Scholar | Find articles by Mills, Z. in: JCI | PubMed | Google Scholar Find articles by Haveles, C. in: JCI | PubMed | Google Scholar Find articles by Chen, E. in: JCI | PubMed | Google Scholar Find articles by Ting, K. in: JCI | PubMed | Google Scholar Find articles by Soo, C. in: JCI | PubMed | Google Scholar First published July 15, 2019 - More info First published July 15, 2019 - Version history Received: September 18, 2018; Accepted: May 21, 2019 Tumorigenicity is a well-documented risk to overcome for pluripotent or multipot

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ent cell applications in regenerative medicine. To address the emerging demand for safe cell sources in tissue regeneration, we established a novel, protein-based reprogramming method that does not require genome integration or oncogene activation to yield multipotent fibromodulin (FMOD)-reprogrammed (FReP) cells from dermal fibroblasts. When compared with induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), FReP cells exhibited a superior capability for bone and skeletal muscle regeneration with markedly less tumorigenic risk. Moreover, we showed that the decreased tumorigenicity of FReP cells was directly related to an upregulation of cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 2B (CDKN2B) expression during the FMOD reprogramming process. Indeed, sustained suppression of CDKN2B resulted in tumorigenic, pluripotent FReP cells that formed teratomas in vivo that were indistinguishable from iPSC-derived teratomas. These results highlight the pivotal role of CDKN2B in cell fate determination and tumorigenic regulation and reveal an alternative pluripotent/multipotent cell reprogramming strategy that solely uses FMOD protein. Local endogenous stem/progenitor cells are often unable to adequately reestablish tissue integrity and function after large-volume tissue loss from trauma, degenerative pathologies, or aging. In these cases, exogenous replacement cells derived from the stem or progenitor cells are necessary to restore lost tissue (1). Unfortunately, despite decades of investigation, isolation and/or generation of safe and readily available regenerative cell sources remain major challenges. In particular, the tumorigenicity risks are not only posed by teratomas formed by embryonic stem cells (ESCs) and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), but also include the tumor-supporting and/or formation potential of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) (2, 3), the main cell source for regenerative medicine used in the last few decades (4). To address the emerging demand for safe and easily obtainable cell sources for tissue regeneration, we previously established an alternative strategy using continuous recombinant human fibromodulin (FMOD) stimulation under serum-free conditions to reprogram human dermal fibroblasts into multipotent cells (5). FMOD reprogramming shares several technological conveniences seen with iPSC generation. Both methodologies (a) offer freedom from the ethical and logistical constraints overshadowing ESC generation; (b) reprogram autologous cells, which significantly reduces the risk of immunogenic rejection; and (c) transform human dermal fibroblasts, a cell type that can be easily obtained and expanded from a skin biopsy (6), which may be preferred over the invasive harvest procedures required to obtain sufficient MSCs. Using this technology, dermal fibroblasts isolated from donors of different ages and sexes have been successfully reprogrammed into a multipotent state (5, 7). The resultant dome-shaped, clustered FMOD-reprogrammed (FReP) cells are easily separated from the surrounding spindle-shaped, monolayer FReP-basal cells with a xeno-free and enzyme-free reagent developed for passaging human pluripotent stem cells (7). Importantly, FReP cells exhibit pluripotency marker expression and triploblastic differentiation capabilities similar to those of ESCs and iPSCs (5). From an efficacy standpoint, we previously demonstrated that human FReP cells formed more bone than human iPSCs in a critical-sized SCID mouse calvarial defect model (7). Moreover, unlike iPSCs, implantation of FReP cells in the kidney capsule of immunodeficient mice did not result in teratoma or any other tumor formation (5). After successfully using FReP cells to form bone, this current study focused on a more difficult challenge of regenerating skeletal muscle. Skeletal muscle constitutes 40%–50% of human body mass, and its significant loss can result in life-altering disabilities (8, 9). However, there are no readily available stem or progenitor cell sources for skeletal muscle repair (10–12).

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Moreover, the highly vascularized microenvironment of the muscle compartment can be especially conducive to tumor formation — indeed, intramuscular implantation is a common route for teratoma formation when testing for cellular pluripotency (13). Thus, using nontumorigenic cells as starting materials is a key safety consideration for skeletal muscle regeneration. Here, we demonstrate the persistence, engraftment, and myogenicity of FReP cells, without tumorigenesis, in the tibialis anterior (TA) muscles of SCID mice. Moreover, FReP cell implantation into environments known to favor pluripotent cell teratoma formation, such as adult male Fox Chase SCID Beige mouse testes (13), did not result in tumor formation during the 4-month experimental period, which confirms the low tumorigenic potency of FReP cells. Furthermore, the FMOD-mediated reprogramming process itself is associated with marked upregulation of cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 2B (CDKN2B; also known as p15) (5) — an additional feature that helps minimize tumorigenicity — in FReP cells and potentially in other pluripotent/multipotent cells. FReP cells exhibit significant myogenic differentiation potential in vitro. In vitro, we used an established 2-stage skeletal myogenic differentiation protocol (5) that was developed for conventional retrovirus-mediated BJ fibroblast–derived iPSCs (BJ-iPSCs) (14) on FReP cells. In addition, human satellite cells were used as a positive control in vitro. The differentiated FReP cells expressed myogenic markers in a fashion similar to that of myogenically induced BJ-iPSCs, including myogenic differentiation 1 (MYOD1), sarcomeric α-actinin (ACTN), α-sarcomeric actin (ACTA1), myosin, and desmin (DES; Figure 1A). In contrast, unreprogrammed parental BJ fibroblasts and FReP-basal cells failed to undergo myogenic differentiation when subjected to the same myogenic protocol (Figure 1A). Since gene profiling is a very reliable tool for analyzing the expression of a focused panel of genes, the "molecular blueprint" of FReP cell myogenic differentiation was comprehensively studied by a commercially available PCR array that revealed significant upregulation of 84 myogenesis-related genes in the myogenically stimulated FReP cells (Figure 1B and Supplemental Table 1; supplemental material available online with this article; https://doi.org/10.1172/JCI125015DS1). In addition, myogenically differentiated FReP cells exhibited creatine kinase activity similar to that of human satellite cells (Figure 1C), indicating comparable in vitro functional myogenic potential between FReP cells and satellite cells (15, 16). Taken together, these data suggest that FReP cells are fully capable of behaving like muscle progenitor cells. FReP cells display myogenic differentiation potential in vitro. (A) Myogenic markers ACTN, MYOD, ACTA1, myosin, and desmin were found in FReP cells after cultivation using the established in vitro 2-stage skeletal myogenic differentiation protocol. Under the same differentiation conditions, parental unreprogrammed BJ fibroblasts and FReP-basal cells were used as negative controls, while retrovirus-mediated BJ-iPSCs and differentiated human satellite cells were used as positive controls. White arrowheads indicate the fusing myogenically differentiated cells; scale bar: 100 μm. (B) A PCR array revealed significantly upregulated myogenesis-related genes in FReP cells during the 3-week in vitro myogenic differentiation period. Unprocessed original Ct data are shown in Supplemental Table 1. n = 3 independent experiments. (C) The creatine kinase activity assay suggests that, after undergoing myogenic differentiation, FReP cells have biological activities similar to those of human satellite cells in vitro. **P < 0.005 (analyzed by

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1-tailed Mann-Whitney and Kruskal-Wallis ANOVA tests); n = 6. FReP cell implantation leads to skeletal muscle generation in vivo. To validate the myogenic potential of FReP cells in vivo, 5 × 105 cells that had not undergone any form of premyogenic stimulation were implanted in the left TA muscles of 2-month-old male SCID mice. All negative controls — PBS vehicle (no cells), BJ fibroblasts, and FReP-basal cells — did not alter the TA muscle mass at 6 weeks after implantation (Figure 2A). Only limited numbers of BJ fibroblasts and FReP-basal cells survived in vivo. Surviving BJ fibroblasts were found on the surface of myofibers, while surviving FReP-basal cells were detected in some myofibers (Figure 2B). Meanwhile, retrovirus-mediated BJ-iPSCs, acting as a positive control, showed differentiation and engraftment that directly and significantly boosted muscle mass as evidenced by the spatial colocalization of human markers with the skeletal muscle markers (Figure 2B and Supplemental Figure 1). Excitingly, FReP cell implantation increased muscle mass to an even greater extent than retrovirus-mediated BJ-iPSC implantation (Figure 2A). Meanwhile, a broad spatial overlap of human markers with skeletal muscle markers confirmed the myogenic commitment and engraftment of FReP cells in the SCID mouse TA muscles (Figure 2B and Supplemental Figure 1). Overall, FReP cells exhibited superior skeletal muscle generation in vivo when compared with iPSCs. FReP cell implantation in SCID mouse TA muscle leads to the generation of skeletal muscle. (A) TA muscles of SCID mice were weighed, and the left (implantation side) and right (control with no implantation) muscles were compared at 6 weeks after implantation. Two animals implanted with retrovirus-mediated BJ-iPSCs formed tumors (highlighted by dashed lines). Data are presented as mean values. **P < 0.005 (analyzed by 1-tailed Mann-Whitney and Kruskal-Wallis ANOVA tests); n = 8 or 6 (BJ-iPSC group, excluding the 2 tumor-formation animals whose histological evaluation are shown in Supplemental Figure 2). Black asterisks indicate significance in comparison with the PBS vehicle control group; blue asterisks indicate significance in comparison with the FReP cell–implanted group. (B) Confocal microscopy images showing the coronal section view of SCID mouse TA muscles. Staining of ACTA1 was reduced to better visualize the staining of human MHC class I. The spatial colocalization of skeletal muscle marker ACTA1 with human MHC class I and human mitochondria shows the myogenic differentiation and engraftment of BJ-iPSCs, FReP-basal cells, and FReP cells in vivo. Scale bars: 25 μm. Confocal microscopy images showing the transverse section view of SCID mouse TA muscles are presented in Supplemental Figure 1. FReP cells have less tumorigenic potential than iPSCs. Notably, 2 of 8 animals (25%) that underwent implantation of retrovirus-mediated BJ-iPSCs into their uninjured TA muscles experienced tumor formation with active cell proliferation instead of skeletal muscle generation (Figure 2A and Supplemental Figure 2). Neither FReP-basal nor FReP cell implantation led to tumor formation during skeletal muscle (Figure 2) or bone (5, 7) regeneration, suggesting less tumorigenic potential than iPSCs. Since iPSC tumorigenesis is considered to be driven by mutations associated with uncontrollable proliferation (17, 18), cellular proliferation was examined. In agreement with previous studies (5, 6), retrovirus-mediated BJ

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-iPSCs exhibited extremely rapid proliferation, while FReP cells proliferated minimally under undifferentiated conditions in vitro (Figure 3A). Next, a soft agar colony formation assay, the standard tumorigenicity test, was used to examine anchorage-independent cellular survivability under a low-nutrient and -oxygen microenvironment (19). After 14 days of cultivation with 10 μM Y-27632, the survival of BJ fibroblasts was negligible, while retrovirus-mediated BJ-iPSCs actively proliferated and formed colonies (Figure 3, B and C). Neither FReP-basal nor FReP cells proliferated or formed colonies; however, FReP-basal cells largely adopted a spindle shape while FReP cells remained morphologically round in the soft agar (Figure 3, B and C). FReP cells proliferate minimally in undifferentiating conditions and do not form colonies in a soft agar colony formation assay. (A) A cell proliferation assay was carried out in 96-well culture plates after 2000 cells per well were cultured in undifferentiating conditions for 3 days. (B and C) A soft agar colony formation assay was performed after 14 days of cultivation. Five thousand cells per well were initially seeded. Data are presented as mean values. Gray dashed lines indicate the original cell seeding densities; black asterisks indicate significance in comparison with BJ fibroblasts; blue asterisks indicate significance in comparison with FReP cells. **P < 0.005 (A and B; analyzed by 1-way ANOVA and 1-tailed 2-sample t tests); n = 6; scale bar: 500 μm (C). It is worth noting that the correlation between the soft agar colony formation assay and in vivo tumorigenicity tests is imprecise (20). The soft agar colony formation assay may underestimate the tumorigenic potential of reprogrammed pluripotent/multipotent cells, because only a small portion of tumorigenic iPSCs form colonies in the gel, owing to the dissociation-induced apoptosis of potentially tumorigenic iPSCs when conducting the assay (19, 21, 22). Since the intratesticular stromal cells may produce a milieu that is more supportive for implanted cells than subcutaneous or intramuscular microenvironments (13), 1 × 106 cells with 30 μL of Matrigel carrier were intratesticularly implanted into Fox Chase SCID Beige mice to further assess the tumorigenicity of FReP cells in vivo. In this system (20), intratesticular implantation of retrovirus-mediated BJ-iPSCs resulted in 100% (10/10) of the implanted animals developing teratomas with progressive growth (Figure 4A and Supplemental Figure 3B). Excitingly, none of the animals implanted with FReP or FReP-basal cells formed teratomas during the entire 4-month experimental period. Meanwhile, no human markers were detected in mouse testes implanted with FReP cells at 4 months after implantation (Figure 4A). A similar lack of human marker expression was also noted after BJ fibroblast or FReP-basal cell implantation in mice at the same time (Figure 4A). This suggests that, like BJ fibroblasts, FReP-basal and FReP cells that did not undergo predifferentiation stimulation did not spontaneously engraft or differentiate into the host testis tissue. Our previous kidney capsule injection (5) and current intramuscular and intratesticular implantation studies collectively constitute strong evidence that FReP cells are less likely to generate tumors than iPSCs. Intratesticular implantation of FReP cells does not lead to tumorigenesis in Fox Chase SCID Beige mouse testes. (A) Gross appearance and histological evaluation (H&E staining) of adult Fox Chase SCID Beige mouse testes that were intr

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atesticularly implanted with 1 × 106 cells were documented at 4 months after implantation. All implanted mice testes are shown in Supplemental Figure 3 (10 mice per group). In addition, by tracking of human mitochondria in vivo, significant survival of the implanted human cells was only observed in the BJ-iPSC group, in which teratoma formation was also detected. Scale bars: 5 mm (black), 1 mm (blue), or 100 μm (yellow). (B) The expressions of multiple proto-oncogenes were compared between parental BJ fibroblasts, retrovirus-mediated BJ-iPSCs, FReP-basal cells, and FReP cells. ERBB3, erb-b2 receptor tyrosine kinase 3; DEK, DEK proto-oncogene; DNMT3B, DNA methyltransferase 3β; FLT3, fms-related tyrosine kinase 3; FOXO1, forkhead box 1; LIN28, lin-28 homolog A; KIT, KIT proto-oncogene receptor tyrosine kinase; POU2F1, POU class 2 homeobox 1; TDGF1, teratocarcinoma-derived growth factor 1. Data are normalized to those of the BJ fibroblasts and presented as mean ± SD. **P < 0.005 (analyzed by 1-way ANOVA and 1-tailed 2-sample t tests); n = 3 independent experiments performed in duplicate. Dashed lines indicate the gene expression levels of BJ fibroblasts; black asterisks indicate significance in comparison with BJ fibroblasts; blue asterisks indicate significance in comparison with FReP cells. FReP cells and iPSCs exhibit different proto-oncogene and tumor suppressor gene expressions. Since FMOD reprogramming is a genome integration–free technology (5, 7), the global gene profile of BJ-derived FReP cells (GEO accession number GSE104830) was first compared with that of BJ-derived iPSCs generated through non–genome integration procedures (GEO accession numbers SRR500985/6/7/8, ref. 23; and SRR1583694/5, ref. 24) to gain insight into the mechanisms governing the disparate tumorigenic natures of FReP cells and iPSCs. A total of 2300 highly differentially expressed mRNAs (fold change ≥ 2), identified by the TopHat-Cufflinks package (25) through the Galaxy platform (26), were further analyzed by the DAVID Bioinformatics Resource 6.8 for functional annotation (27). This analysis revealed an enrichment of genes involved in the "pathways in cancer" (Supplemental Figure 4A) with significant similarity (κ = 1.0). The differential expression of genes that aligned with human proto-oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes (TSGs) recognized in the UniProt database (28) is displayed graphically (Supplemental Figure 4, B and C). In comparison with non–genome integration BJ-iPSCs, FReP cells displayed more proto-oncogenes with relatively lower expression levels (Supplemental Figure 4B). Meanwhile, in comparison with retrovirus-mediated BJ-iPSCs used in this study, quantitative reverse transcriptase PCR (qRT-PCR) confirmed that both FReP cells and FReP-basal cells have significantly lower expression levels of proto-oncogenes (Figure 4B) such as MYC, known to markedly accelerate cell proliferation and promote iPSC generation and tumor formation (29), and lin-28 homolog A (LIN28), documented to augment iPSC induction efficiency in a cell division rate–dependent manner (30). Meanwhile, when compared with non–genome integration BJ-iPSCs, FReP cells have a greater number of TSGs with higher expression levels (Supplemental Figure 4C). Further analyses of highly expressed TSGs in FReP cells using the STRING database to retrieve protein-protein interactions (31) emphasized the central roles of tum

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or protein p53 (TP53 in humans) and CDKN2B (Supplemental Figure 4D). Accumulating evidence demonstrates that activating TSGs, particularly TP53, cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1A (CDKN1A, also known as p21, which produces a translational product that mediates TP53-induced cell cycle arrest and tumor suppression; ref. 32), CDKN2A (also known as p16), and CDKN2B, reduces the efficiency of iPSC generation and limits the cancerous transformation of iPSCs predominantly by inhibiting cell division (17–19, 30, 33–37). For example, Menendez et al. reported that iPSCs derived from mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) with an elevated level of p53 (38) or the Ink4a/Arf locus (which encodes Cdkn2B, Cdkn2A, and Arf [an alternative transcript of Cdkn2A]) (39) have less tumorigenic potential than iPSCs derived from wild-type MEFs (19). In comparison with parental BJ fibroblasts, retrovirally derived BJ-iPSCs also have significantly less TP53 expression (Figure 5A). As seen in the MEF-derived iPSC study (40), expression of CDKN1A and CDKN2B, but not CDKN2A, was markedly reduced in retrovirus-mediated BJ-iPSCs (Figure 5, B–D). Meanwhile, these 4 genes were all upregulated in both FReP-basal and FReP cells (Figure 5), which aligns with our previous report in which these 2 populations were not distinguished from one another (5). Notably, higher expression levels of CDKN1A and CDKN2A were observed in FReP-basal cells than in FReP cells (Figure 5, B and C), while a more robust increase in CDKN2B was detected in FReP cells (Figure 5D). FReP cells have higher expression levels of TP53 and CDKN genes in vitro. Gene expression levels of TP53 (A), CDKN1A (B), CDKN2A (C), and CDKN2B (D) in vitro. Data are normalized to BJ fibroblasts and presented as mean ± SD. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.005 (analyzed by 1-way ANOVA and 1-tailed 2-sample t tests); n = 3 independent experiments performed in duplicate. Dashed lines indicate the gene expression levels of BJ fibroblasts; black asterisks indicate significance in comparison with BJ fibroblasts; blue asterisks indicate significance in comparison with FReP cells. FReP cells reprogrammed from CDKN2B-knockdown fibroblasts acquire teratoma-forming, pluripotent characteristics. To further investigate the effects of TP53 and these CDKNs on the proliferation, multipotency, and tumorigenesis of FReP cells, stable TP53- or CDKN-knockdown (KD) BJ cells were established, respectively, in which the RNAi effects were extended beyond the FMOD reprogramming process (Figure 6A and Supplemental Figure 5). All of the KD BJ cells had reduced CDKN1A levels, while CDKN1A KD did not affect the expression of TP53, CDKN2A, or CDKN2B. Also, because of the structure of the INF4A/ARP locus, expression of CDKN2A and CDKN2B was decreased by some degree in response to both CDKN2A and CDKN2B KD (Supplemental Figure 5). The upregulation of CDKN2B induced by FMOD reprogramming was also blocked by CDKN2B KD: CDKN2B expression increased 21.4-fold in the scrambled shRNA–transfected BJ fibroblasts (scramble FReP cells) in response to FMOD reprogramming; but in CDK

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N2B-KD BJ fibroblasts, CDKN2B transcription was not altered by continuous FMOD treatment (Figure 6A). Thus, the expression of CDKN2B in FReP cells derived from CDKN2B-KD BJ fibroblasts (CDKN2B-KD FReP cells) was comparable to that seen in BJ-iPSCs. TP53 and CDKN gene–KD FReP cells have different gene expression profiles and myogenic differentiation potentials. (A) Gene expression of TP53 and CDKN genes was assessed in the FReP cells derived from different KD BJ fibroblasts. Data are presented as mean ± SD and normalized to those of the BJ fibroblasts without any shRNA transfection. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.005 (analyzed by 1-way ANOVA and 1-tailed 2-sample t tests); n = 3 independent experiments performed in duplicate. Black dashed lines indicate the gene expression levels of BJ fibroblasts without any shRNA transfection (in brief, BJ fibroblasts); red dashed lines indicate the gene expression levels of BJ-iPSCs; blue dashed lines indicate the gene expression levels of FReP cells derived from BJ fibroblasts without any shRNA transfection (in brief, FReP cells); gray asterisks indicate significance in comparison with FReP cells generated from scrambled shRNA–transfected BJ fibroblasts (scramble FReP cells). (B and C) Myogenic differentiation of KD FReP cells was assessed by myogenic marker staining (B) and creatine kinase activity assay (C) in vitro. White arrowheads indicate the fusing myogenic differentiated cells. Scale bar: 100 μm (B). **P < 0.005 (analyzed by 1-tailed Mann-Whitney and Kruskal-Wallis ANOVA tests, C); n = 6. Although CDKN2B-KD FReP cells presented higher expression levels of POU5F1 (also known as OCT4) in comparison with scramble FReP cells or the aforementioned FReP cells derived from BJ fibroblasts without shRNA transfection (in brief, FReP cells; Supplemental Figure 6A), all of these 3 FReP cells had similar multipotent differentiation capabilities and, importantly, myogenic differentiation potentials in vitro (Figure 6, B and C, and Supplemental Figure 6B). To rule out the possibility that the retained multipotent differentiation capability of CDKN2B-KD FReP cells was due to inefficient CDKN2B downregulation at the protein level, we carried out Western blotting to further confirm the markedly decreased expression of CDKN2B protein in CDKN2B-KD FReP cells (Supplemental Figure 7). This showed that decreased CDKN2B expression does not diminish the multipotency of FReP cells. Conversely, in agreement with a previous report affirming that permanent p53-p21 pathway suppression impairs the maintenance of iPSC identity (36), TP53- and CDKN1A-KD FReP cells exhibited reduced expressions of all the pluripotent markers, except for NANOG (Supplemental Figure 6A), and impaired myogenic differentiation (Figure 6B) when compared with scramble FReP cells and CDKN2B-KD FReP cells. Surprisingly, TP53, CDKN1A, and CDKN2A KD reduced the multilineage differentiation capacity of FReP cells (Supplemental Figure 6B), suggesting that the upregulation of TP53 and CDKNs is required for FMOD reprogramming and endows FReP cells with their unique triploblastic differentiation potency. Meanwhile, all tested TP53- or CDKN-KD FReP cells exhibited increased proliferation rates in comparison with FReP cells or scramble FReP cells (Figure 7A). However, in vitro assays demonstrated that only CDK

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N2B-KD FReP cells were able to form colonies in the soft agar, similar to observations in retrovirus-mediated BJ-iPSCs (Figure 7, B and C). Moreover, in comparison with FReP cells and scramble FReP cells, CDKN2B-KD FReP cells had significantly elevated expressions of the aforementioned proto-oncogenes, except for DEK (Figure 7D). Intratesticular implantation of CDKN2B-KD FReP cells, but not the other aforementioned knockdown FReP cells, resulted in teratoma formation in 100% (10/10) of the tested animals (Figure 8A and Supplemental Figure 8E). The CDKN2B-KD FReP cell–derived teratomas were indistinguishable from retrovirus-mediated BJ-iPSC–derived teratomas (Figure 8B). These data constitute the evidence that CDKN2B KD alone converted nontumorigenic, multipotent FReP cells to teratoma-forming pluripotent stem cells. TP53 and CDKN gene KD diversely alters FReP cell proliferation, anchorage-independent survival ability in soft agar, and proto-oncogene expression in vitro. (A) A cell proliferation assay was carried out in 96-well culture plates after 2000 cells per well were cultured in undifferentiating conditions for 3 days. (B and C) A soft agar colony formation assay was performed after 14 days of cultivation. Five thousand cells per well were seeded initially. (D) The expressions of multiple proto-oncogenes in scramble FReP cells and CDKN2B-KD FReP cells were compared. Data are presented as mean values (A and B) or mean values normalized with those of the BJ fibroblasts ± SD (D). **P < 0.005 (analyzed by 1-way ANOVA and 1-tailed 2-sample t tests); n = 6 (A–C) or 3 independent experiments performed in duplicate (D). Gray dashed lines indicate the original cell seeding densities (A and B); black dashed lines indicate the gene expression levels of BJ fibroblasts (D); red dashed lines indicate the gene expression levels of BJ-iPSCs (D); blue dashed lines indicate the cell densities (A and B) or the gene expression levels (D) of FReP cells, respectively; gray asterisks indicate significance in comparison with scramble FReP cells. Scale bar: 500 μm. Intratesticular implantation of CDKN2B-KD FReP cells in Fox Chase SCID Beige mice results in teratoma formation. (A) Gross appearance and histological evaluation (H&E staining) of adult Fox Chase SCID Beige mouse testes with intratesticular implantation of 1 × 106 cells were assessed 4 months after implantation. All implanted mouse testes are shown in Supplemental Figure 8 (n = 10 mice per group). (B) Teratoma formation in CDKN2B-KD FReP cell–implanted animals was evaluated by a pathologist and confirmed by immunofluorescent staining; teratoma formation from retrovirus-mediated BJ-iPSC–implanted animals (Figure 4A) was used as a positive control. Three germ layers are clearly identified by ectoderm — pigmented cells; mesoderm cartilage with type II collagen staining; and endoderm gland with the definitive endoderm marker forkhead box A2 (FOXA2) staining. Scale bars: 5 mm (black), 1 mm (blue), or 50 μm (orange). To address the shortage of tissue-specific progenitor cells, multipotent and pluripotent cells offer exciting alternatives for cell-based tissue repair (4). However, safety concerns, particularly tumorigenicity, must be thoroughly surmounted before the widespread usage of multipotent and pluripotent cells in regenerative medicine (41). Within the last few decades, MSCs have been widely investig

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ated for their potential use in tissue regeneration because of their multipotent and immunomodulatory properties (42), even though they are generally harvested through more painful and invasive procedures than simple skin biopsy, such as muscle tissue biopsy (43), bone marrow aspiration (44), and liposuction (45). In addition, it is now well documented that MSCs exhibit transient and surprisingly low (less than 1%) engraftment in newly formed tissues (46, 47). Thus, MSCs assert their regenerative potency by secreting trophic factors instead of directly differentiating into the target tissues (48–52). As an off-target effect, various cytokines, chemokines, and growth factors secreted by MSCs are known to increase the proliferation, migration, and angiogenesis of tumor cells (2). Human MSCs can develop chromosomal aberrations during cultivation (53), undergo spontaneous tumorigenic transformation (54), promote the growth of cocultured glioblastoma cells in vitro, and support glioblastoma development in vivo (3). Animal studies also demonstrate the direct and/or indirect involvement of MSCs in sarcomagenesis (2), especially with inflammatory stimulation (55) that typically arises in injury scenarios. Thus, tumorigenesis is recognized as another risk of using MSCs in humans. The breakthrough discovery of iPSCs created enthusiasm to use these pluripotent cells for tissue regeneration. However, the widely accepted procedure for iPSC generation, in which transcription factors essential for embryonic development (such as the Yamanaka or Thomson factors) are introduced into the genome of target somatic cells, is known to induce unwanted gene activation and genomic alterations that pose considerable hazards for clinical use (56). For example, in the first clinical trial using iPSC-derived retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells to replace age-related macular degeneration RPE cells, 3 DNA deletions were detected in the autologous iPSCs and their derived RPE cells in 1 of the 2 patients (50%), which halted the planned transplantations (57). Moreover, retrovirus-mediated and transgene-free human iPSCs exhibit similar tumorigenicity with no appreciable difference in teratoma formation capability or teratoma microvascular density (17, 37). Although profound efforts are devoted to replacing transcription factors tightly associated with tumor progression with defined chemicals, current research demonstrated that BrdU, a mutation inducer that can incorporate into newly synthesized DNA by replacing thymidine during DNA replication, is absolutely required for achieving chemical induction of pluripotency (58). Considering that iPSCs also possess a potential risk for somatic tumor development that is not present with ESCs (17), the tumorigenic risk of iPSCs remains a credible concern regarding their use clinically. It has been hypothesized that the pluripotent cell microenvironment plays important roles determining cell fate, as well as the maintenance and induction of pluripotency/multipotency (59). In support of this, early pioneering studies demonstrated the successful induction of multipotent stem cells from somatic cells using extracts from Xenopus eggs (60), fish oocytes (61), ESCs (62), and even carcinoma cells (62). Interestingly, recent studies show that fetal MSCs, such as umbilical cord–derived MSCs (UCMSCs), express both specific ESC and adult MSC markers, suggesting that UCMSCs may represent an intermediate cell stage that is developmentally between the adult MSCs and ESCs (63–65). It is also of interest that UCMSCs are predominantly harvested from Wharton's jelly, a proteoglycan-rich connective tissue (66, 67); this suggests that recreating a proteoglycan-rich microenvironment may facilitate or induce somatic cell reprogramming to some degree of multipotency/pluripotency. Coincidentally, our previous studies demonstrated that, unlike other small leucine-rich proteoglycan members, FMOD expression markedly decreases from early-gestational fetal skin

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(which holds the capability to heal scarlessly with restoration of normal dermal extracellular matrix architecture and appendages) to late-gestational fetal and adult skin (in which injury generally results in scar formation; refs. 68, 69). Meanwhile, FMOD loss of function caused scarring in normally scarless early-gestational fetal wounds (69), while FMOD gain of function restored scarless healing to normally scar-prone late-gestational fetal wounds (69) as well as reduced adult scar formation by eliciting a fetal-like phenotype of adult dermal fibroblasts (70). FMOD is also a critical component for the maintenance of endogenous stem cell niches (71, 72). These collective data suggest that FMOD is essential for establishing and/or maintaining the fetal and stem cell milieus. To test this hypothesis, we cultured human newborn foreskin BJ fibroblasts and normal adult dermal fibroblasts in FMOD and were able to induce successful reprogramming of these cell populations (5). Excitingly, our previous (7) and current studies demonstrate that the FMOD-reprogrammed FReP cells exhibit a superior capability for bone and skeletal muscle regeneration in comparison with iPSCs. More importantly, the implantation of FReP cells, even in an undifferentiated state, does not cause teratoma or any other kind of tumor formation in vivo in all tests to date. Therefore, FReP cells are a readily available and potentially safer source for musculoskeletal system regeneration as shown here and potentially other regenerative medicine applications. The decreased tumorigenic potential and proliferation activity, as well as the favorable oncogene and TSG expression profile, also highlight that both the FMOD reprogramming process and the resultant FReP cells are fundamentally distinct from iPSCs. Interestingly, FReP cells bear several critical characteristics of multilineage-differentiating stress-enduring (MUSE) cells (5, 73): they (a) express pluripotent markers, albeit at relatively lower levels than ESCs and iPSCs; (b) can differentiate into all 3 germline cells under specific induction conditions; (c) have low levels of proto-oncogenes, such as LIN28; (d) retain a stable karyotype; and, most importantly, (e) do not form teratomas. Although FReP cells and MUSE cells are both excluded from being considered pluripotent by the stringent mandatory criteria of teratoma formation in vivo, they may represent a different group of cells with a triploblastic differentiation capability that holds tremendous potential in regenerative medicine. However, FReP cell generation is distinct from MUSE cell collection. Activation and isolation of MUSE cells require severe cellular stress conditions, such as lengthy incubation and digestion, hypoxia, and low temperatures (73), which assist in killing all other viable cells. Conversely, FMOD reprogramming does not require hypoxia or low temperatures, and the resultant FReP cells and FReP-basal cells are both viable. Given the fact that FReP cells resemble quiescent stem cells in multiple ways (5), continuous FMOD exposure may reconstitute a specific microenvironment similar to the niche of quiescent stem cells, and thus induce reprogramming of somatic cells. Reprogramming and tumorigenesis appear interconnected in many reports examining induced pluripotency (18), although the mechanism governing the transition from nontumorigenic somatic cells to tumorigenic iPSCs remains an enigma. Nevertheless, our current studies demonstrate that FReP cells derived from CDKN2B-KD fibroblasts acquired undesirable tumorigenic characteristics. Still, to our knowledge, this represents the first report of conversion of nontumorigenic, multipotent cells obtained via a non–genome integration procedure into a teratoma-forming, pluripotent state simply by suppression of the upregulation of CDKN2B. These results indicate that, in addition to the conventional transcriptional factor–based procedure, continuous stimulation by FMOD in serum-free conditions while blocking the increase in CDKN2B may be an alternative strategy to convert somatic cells to plurip

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otent states. These results highlight the essential role of CDKN2B in governing the transition of multipotent to pluripotent cells, especially during reprogramming procedures without genome integration or oncogene activation. CDKN2B abnormalities have been associated with many forms of carcinogenesis, including leukemias, carcinomas, and melanomas. As an effector of TGFβ, CDKN2B inhibits cyclin-dependent kinase 4/6, and thus induces a G1-phase cell cycle arrest (74). However, since most previous studies focused on the INF/ARF locus as a whole without separating CDKN2B from CDKN2A, these studies did not fully elucidate the isolated function of CDKN2B. Hence, the contribution of low CDKN2B levels to tumorigenesis may be underestimated. Taking a closer look at the INK4/ARF locus, CDKN2A seems to play a more vigorous role in oncogenesis than CDKN2B. For instance, in acute lymphoblastic leukemia, CDKN2A is often deleted without CDKN2B deletion, while a sole CDKN2B deletion is almost never detected (75). However, our current results demonstrate that sustained suppression of CDKN2B, instead of CDKN2A, during FMOD reprogramming plays the predominant role in introducing a tumorigenic potential into the nontumorigenic FReP cells. This suggests that CDKN2A and CDKN2B may have different bioactivities and that further targeted studies on the role of CDKN2B in reprogramming, maintenance, and tumorigenesis of multipotent/pluripotent cells, including MUSE cells and iPSCs, are warranted. Moreover, on the basis of the clear, inverse relationship between tumorigenesis and CDKN2B levels observed in this study, elevating CDKN2B expression may be an interesting, alternative antitumor strategy to decrease the tumorigenic risk of the therapies based on pluripotent/multipotent cells (such as iPSCs). However, it is worth noting that iPSCs exhibit significantly lower INK4/ARF locus expression than their parental fibroblasts (76). In particular, CDKN2B is more severely repressed during iPSC reprogramming than CDKN2A and ARF (76). Meanwhile, transient silencing of the INK4/ARF locus is sufficient to accelerate the reprogramming progress and increase the number of iPSCs (76). Since INK4/ARF locus inhibition promotes iPSC generation, it is highly possible that forcing CDKN2B expression may fundamentally impede the reprogramming process that yields iPSCs. An alternative strategy to test whether a CDKN2B-based antitumor strategy would work in iPSCs is to consistently upregulate CDKN2B expression in fully reprogrammed iPSCs to suppress their tumorigenic potency. However, despite the low efficiency, the potential off-target effects of human iPSC genome editing often lead to high cell mortality and, more importantly, introduce mutations that are independent of the gene of interest, and thus confound the analysis of the tumorigenic risk of the genome-edited cells (77–82). Even more crucially, because of the cluster-forming nature of iPSCs, it would be a major challenge to purify CDKN2B-overexpressing iPSCs from the surrounding iPSCs without CDKN2B upregulation, especially since there is no known surface marker that could assist this process currently. Forcing CDKN2B expression in reprogrammed iPSCs may also not be a practical and reliable way to reduce the tumorigenic risk of iPSCs, as even only a small portion of tumorigenic iPSC contamination can induce teratoma formation (83). Therefore, aside from understanding whether CDKN2B can prevent iPSC tumorigenesis, how to reliably evaluate and effectively implement the CDKN2B overexpression strategy in iPSCs remains a key challenge for future studies. In summary, we demonstrated that FReP cells exhibit a superior capability for skeletal muscle regeneration with markedly less tumor

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igenic risk when compared with iPSCs. As FReP cells are fundamentally distinct from iPSCs, FReP cells may represent another class of cells with a triploblastic differentiation capability rather than teratoma-forming pluripotency that may have greater applications in regenerative medicine. Concomitantly, we identified that decreased FReP cell tumorigenicity is directly related to CDKN2B upregulation during the FMOD reprogramming process, highlighting an essential role for CDKN2B in regulating cell fate and tumorigenesis. Cell culture. Human newborn foreskin BJ fibroblasts (ATCC CRL-2522; ATCC) were cultured in a 4:1 mixture of DMEM (containing 4 mM l-glutamine, 1.0 g/L glucose, and 1.5 g/L sodium bicarbonate; Thermo Fisher Scientific) and Medium 199 (Thermo Fisher Scientific), supplemented with 10% FBS (Thermo Fisher Scientific) and 1% penicillin/streptomycin (P/S; Thermo Fisher Scientific) (7). BJ fibroblasts were authenticated by Laragen Inc. and tested negative for mycoplasma contamination using the Universal Mycoplasma Detection Kit (ATCC; Supplemental Figure 9). BJ-iPSCs obtained by conventional retrovirus-mediated methods (14) were maintained on plates precoated with Matrigel human ESC–qualified (hESC-qualified) Matrix (BD Biosciences) with mTESR1 medium (STEMCELL Technologies) (7). Human satellite cells were purchased from Lifeline Cell Technology and cultured according to the manufacturer's instructions. After 1 week of culture in MyoLife Complete Myogenesis Differentiation Medium (Lifeline Cell Technology), the differentiated human satellite cells were used as a positive control for in vitro myogenic differentiation. FMOD production. cDNA of a human FMOD transcript (GenBank NM_002023) was subcloned into a commercially available vector, pSecTag2A (Thermo Fisher Scientific), with a C-terminal His tag, and then transfected into CHO-K1 cells (ATCC) (84). After establishment of a stable FMOD expression clone, FMOD was produced and purified by a contract research organization, GenScript. Briefly, a stable human recombinant FMOD–expressing CHO-K1 cell line was cultured in 1 L of serum-free Freestyle CHO Expression Medium (Thermo Fisher Scientific) at 37°C with 5% CO2 in an Erlenmeyer flask. The cell culture supernatant was harvested after 10 days for purification with a HiTrap IMAC HP 1-mL column (GE Healthcare). The fractions from a 100-mM imidazole elution were collected and dialyzed against 20 mM PBS, pH 7.4. Next, the sample with low conductivity was loaded onto a HiTrap Q HP 1-mL column (GE Healthcare) for further purification. FMOD was then purified under nonreducing conditions, dialyzed again (7), and then subjected to lyophilization. The purity of the FMOD product was 85%. FMOD was reconstituted in PBS and then underwent sterilization through a 0.22-μm filter (Thermo Fisher Scientific) before use (70). FMOD reprogramming. BJ fibroblast cells (4 × 105 per well) were seeded in 6-well culture plates overnight to confluence and then exposed to 0.4 mg/mL recombinant human FMOD in DMEM supplemented with 1% P/S for reprogramming under serum-free conditions. The medium was exchanged with fresh medium daily (5, 7). After 21 days of continuous FMOD treatment, FReP cells were harvested by ReLeSR (an enzyme-free hESC and hiPSC selection and passaging reagent; STEMCELL Technologies), which significantly increased the yield of F

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ReP cells in comparison with a traditional manual scraping method (Supplemental Figure 10). The yielded cells were then cultured on Matrigel hESC-qualified Matrix–coated (BD Biosciences) plates with mTESR1 medium (STEMCELL Technologies) (7). RNAi. Following the manufacturer's instructions, plasmids harboring TP53 shRNA, CDKN1A shRNA, CDKN2A shRNA, or CDKN2B shRNA (Santa Cruz Biotechnology) were used to knock down the expression of the respective target genes. Control shRNA Plasmid-A (Santa Cruz Biotechnology), which encoded a scrambled shRNA sequence, was used as a negative control for RNAi. For each target gene, the colony with the lowest gene expression of the target gene was selected from 5 candidate knockdown colonies for further investigation. Proliferation assay. Two thousand cells per well were seeded into 96-well culture plates for a proliferation assay. After 3 days of incubation, cell proliferation was assessed by the Vybrant MTT Cell Proliferation Assay Kit (Molecular Probes) with an Epoch Microplate Spectrophotometer coupled with Gen5 software (version 2.04.11, BioTek Instruments Inc.). Soft agar colony formation assay. Soft agar colony formation assay was performed with the CytoSelect 96-Well In Vitro Tumor Sensitivity Assay (Cell Biolabs Inc.) according to the manufacturer's instructions. Five thousand cells per well were initially seeded with the supplied medium and 10 μM Rho-associated protein kinase (ROCK) inhibitor Y-27632 (STEMCELL Technologies). After 14 days of cultivation, representative photographs were captured on an Olympus IX71 microscope coupled with a DP73 camera and cellSens Standard 1.9 software (Olympus). Cellular anchorage-independent growth was quantified according to the instructions of the CytoSelect 96-Well In Vitro Tumor Sensitivity Assay with an Epoch Microplate Spectrophotometer. In vitro 2-stage skeletal myogenic differentiation. Cells were seeded on Attachment Factor Protein–coated plates with myogenic medium I (DMEM supplemented with 10% FBS, 1% P/S, 10% horse serum [HS; Thermo Fisher Scientific], and 1% chicken embryo extract [CEE; Gemini Bio Products]) for 7 days. Then, myogenic medium II (DMEM supplemented with 1% FBS, 1% P/S, 1% HS, and 0.5% CEE) was used for another 14 days of cultivation. Half of the medium was renewed every 4 days (5, 85). Antibodies against ACTA1 (catalog ab28052, clone Alpha Sr-1, Abcam), ACTN (catalog ab9465, clone EA-53, Abcam), desmin (catalog ab8592, Abcam), MYOD (catalog ab64159, Abcam), and myosin (catalog MAB1628, clone NOQ7.5.4D, MilliporeSigma) were used to confirm skeletal myogenic differentiation. All immunostaining, in terms of concentration, antigen retrieval, etc., was conducted based on the instructions of the manufacturers. One microgram total protein of lysate from cells that underwent myogenic differentiation in vitro was used for a creatine kinase activity test (15, 16) using the Creatine Kinase Activity Assay Kit (MilliporeSigma) according to the manufacturer's protocol. The test was performed at 37°C, and results were documented with an Epoch Microplate Spectrophotometer. In vitro neurogenic differentiation. Cells were seeded on AggreWell 800 Plates with AggreWell medium (STEMCELL Technologies) for embryoid body (EB) formation, following the manufacturer's instructions (5, 7). EBs were then

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1,332,366

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CommonCrawl

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transferred to a 6-well Ultra Low Cluster Plate (Costar, Corning Inc.) with KnockOut DMEM (Thermo Fisher Scientific) supplemented with 10% KnockOut Serum Replacement (Thermo Fisher Scientific), 2 mM l-glutamate (Thermo Fisher Scientific), 1% P/S, 10 μM all-trans retinoic acid (RA; Santa Cruz Biotechnology), and 100 nM of the N-terminal active fragment of human sonic hedgehog (Shh; R&D Systems) to generate spheres. Fresh RA was added every day, and the medium and supplements, including Shh, were replaced every 3 days. After 8 days of suspension culture, the induced spheres were transferred onto poly-ornithine/fibronectin–coated (MilliporeSigma) plates with DMEM/F12 medium (Thermo Fisher Scientific) supplemented with 2% FBS, 1% P/S, N2 Supplement (Thermo Fisher Scientific), 20 ng/mL glial-derived neurotrophic factor (Thermo Fisher Scientific), 20 ng/mL brain-derived neurotrophic factor (Thermo Fisher Scientific), 20 ng/mL ciliary neurotrophic factor (Thermo Fisher Scientific), and 1× B27 serum-free supplement (Thermo Fisher Scientific) (5, 86, 87). The medium was changed every 3 days. After 9 days, cells were fixed for immunocytochemistry examination with antibodies against neuron-specific βIII-tubulin (also known as TUJ1; catalog ab18207, Abcam) (5, 7). In vitro osteogenic differentiation. Cells were seeded on Attachment Factor Protein–coated (Thermo Fisher Scientific) plates and cultured with MEM Alpha (Thermo Fisher Scientific) supplemented with 10% FBS, 50 μg/mL ascorbic acid (MilliporeSigma), 10 mM β-glycerophosphate (MilliporeSigma), and 1% P/S for 28 days. The medium was changed every 3 days. Mineralization was detected by alizarin red staining (LifeLine Cell Technology) (5, 7). In vitro pancreatic differentiation. Cells were cultured in RPMI 1640 medium (Thermo Fisher Scientific) supplemented with 2% FBS, 2 mM l-glutamate, 1% P/S, and 100 ng/mL recombinant activin A (Thermo Fisher Scientific) for 4 days to differentiate into an endoderm derivate. Cells were cultured for another 16 days without activin A (5, 88, 89) before characterization with antibodies against Nkx6.1 (catalog F55A10, clone F55A10, Developmental Studies Hybridoma Bank), insulin (catalog 4590, Cell Signaling Technology), pancreatic and duodenal homeobox 1 (PDX1; catalog ab47267, Abcam), and amylin (catalog GTX11022, clone R10/99, GeneTex). Immunocytochemistry. Samples selected for immunocytochemistry staining were fixed in prechilled acetone. DAPI (MilliporeSigma) was used for nuclear staining (5, 7). The StemLite Pluripotency Kit (catalog 9656, Cell Signaling Technology) was used to detect a panel of proteins that are specifically expressed in human pluripotent cells (5). Images were collected with the Leica TCS SP8 Confocal Laser Scanning Platform (Leica). RNA isolation. RNA was extracted using the RNeasy Mini Kit (Qiagen) with DNase (Qiagen) treatment to ensure that the samples were not contaminated with genomic DNA. RNA purity was assessed by the Epoch Microplate Spectrophotometer. PCR array quantitative RT-PCR. PCR arrays are one of the most reliable tools

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1,332,366

14,336

CommonCrawl

22

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for analyzing the expression of a focused panel of genes. To further establish the feasibility of FReP cells as an alternative safe cell source for skeletal muscle regeneration, we used PCR arrays to generate a "molecular blueprint" of FReP cell activities during myogenic differentiation. According to the manufacturer's instruction, the RT2 Profiler PCR Array for Human Skeletal Muscle (Qiagen) was used to track the expression of myogenic-related genes. Three different cDNA templates were tested. qRT-PCR. For qRT-PCR, 1.0 μg RNA was used for a reverse transcriptase reaction with iScript Reverse Transcription Supermix for RT-qPCR (Bio-Rad). One microliter product was used for real-time PCR with SsoAdvanced Universal Probes Supermix (Bio-Rad) and TaqMan primers/probe sets (Thermo Fisher Scientific) on a QuantStudio3 system (Thermo Fisher Scientific). Three different cDNA templates were tested in duplicate (5, 7). Whole transcriptome sequencing. Whole transcriptome sequencing (RNA-Seq) of FReP cells was performed by the UCLA Technology Center for Genomics & Bioinformatics. Briefly, Illumina (HiSeq 2500, Illumina) 1 × 50 bp short reads were aligned to the transcriptome derived from the University of California, Santa Cruz, Human Genome version 19 (hg19) (90). The results were submitted to the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO GSE104830). Differentially expressed genes (fold change ≥2) between FReP cells and BJ-derived iPSCs that were generated without genome integration (GEO SRR500985/6/7/8, ref. 23; and SRR1583694/5, ref. 24) were identified by the TopHat-Cufflinks package (25) through the Galaxy platform (26) using the default settings. DAVID Bioinformatics Resource 6.8 was used for functional annotation (27, 91). The differentially expressed genes that aligned with human proto-oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes, listed in the UniProt database (28), were displayed graphically by the package pheatmap (version 1.0.8) in R (version 3.4.1) (92). Western blot. Cells were lysed using Pierce RIPA buffer supplemented with Halt Protease and Phosphatase Inhibitor Cocktail (Thermo Fisher Scientific). Western blotting was performed with antibodies against CDKN2B (catalog ab53034, Abcam) and GAPDH (product 5174S, clone D16H11, Cell Signaling Technology) to confirm the efficiency of CDKN2B KD at the protein level. Pierce ECL Western Blotting Substrate (Thermo Fisher Scientific) was used for development. Intramuscular implantation animal model. Two-month-old male SCID mice (Charles River Laboratories) were anesthetized using inhaled 2% isoflurane and oxygen (1.5 L/min) and were maintained in an oxygen flow environment upon awakening. A 0.5-cm incision was made in the skin covering the left TA muscle, and 5 × 105 cells without premyogenic differentiation in vitro were slowly injected into the TA muscle. The fascia was then sutured in a simple continuous pattern, and the skin was closed separately using 4-0 Vicryl sutures (Ethicon Inc.) in a subcuticular pattern. Animals were euthanized 6 weeks after implantation. Both right (control) and left (implanted) TA muscles were harvested and weighed before fixation. The muscle masses of the left (implanted) and right (control) TA muscle of each mouse were compared to minimize the variation between individual animals. Intratesticular teratoma formation assay. Since there are no detailed guidelines for tumorigenicity testing of cell-based therapeutic products, based on the protocols described in previous reports (13

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, 93), 1 × 106 cells in 30 μL Matrigel hESC-qualified Matrix (BD Biosciences) were injected into the right testes of 2-month-old adult male Fox Chase SCID Beige mice (Charles River Laboratories). Fox Chase SCID Beige mice were used because they possess the autosomal recessive mutations SCID (Prkdcscid; resulting in a lack of functional T and B lymphocytes) and beige (Lystbg; resulting in cytotoxic T cell and macrophage defects as well as selective impairment of NK cell functions) (94). In compliance with the WHO recommendation (20), 10 animals were evaluated in each group. Tissues were harvested 4 months after implantation for gross appearance and histological assessments; however, teratomas were harvested before the 4-month endpoint when the animals' behaviors were affected (13, 93). Photos of harvested tissues were documented by an Olympus SZX12 microscope coupled with a DF PLAPO 1.2× PF object lens (Olympus) or a Canon EOS Rebel XSI camera coupled with an EF-S 60-mm lens and an MR-14EX Macro Ring Lite flashlight (Canon). Teratoma formation was assessed in a double-blind fashion. Following fixation, the teratomas were sectioned and stained with H&E, and then analyzed by a pathologist to examine the presence of cells from each of the 3 germ layers. Histological and immunological staining. Tissues were fixed in 4% paraformaldehyde (MilliporeSigma) for 24 hours, followed by dehydration and paraffin embedding. Five-micrometer sections were used for histological analysis with H&E and immunological staining. An antibody against ACTA1 (catalog ab28052, clone Alpha Sr-1, Abcam) was used to confirm myogenic differentiation, while antibodies against human MHC class I (catalog sc-25619, Santa Cruz Biotechnology) and human mitochondria (catalog MAB1273, clone 113-1, MilliporeSigma) were used for tracking human cells. In tissue that formed a teratoma, FOXA2 (catalog ab40874, Abcam) and type II collagen (catalog ab34712, Abcam) were used as markers of definitive endoderm-derivative and chondrocyte (mesenchymal/mesoderm-derivative) cells, respectively. DAPI was used for nuclear counterstaining. Statistics. All statistical analyses were conducted in consultation with the UCLA Statistical Biomathematical Consulting Clinic. Statistical analysis was computed by OriginPro 8 (OriginLab). Parametric data were compared by 1-way ANOVA and 2-sample t tests (1-tailed), while 1-tailed Mann-Whitney and Kruskal-Wallis ANOVA tests were used for nonparametric data. For all data presented in this article, P < 0.05 (*) was considered a suggestive difference, while P < 0.005 (**) was recognized as a statistically significant difference (95). Study approval. All animal surgeries were performed under institutionally approved protocols provided by Chancellor's Animal Research Committee at UCLA (protocol 2012-119). Data and materials availability. All data generated or analyzed during this study are included in this article (and its supplementary information files). The RNA-Seq data of FReP cells were submitted to the NIH Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO GSE104830). ZZ conceived and designed the study. ZZ, CL, PY, WJ, XP, and ZM performed the in vitro and in vivo experiments, data interpretation, and statistical analysis, except for the following: PH, GXC, and JKK performed the animal surgeries. XZ performed the pathological analysis of the teratomas. ZZ and CL wrote and revised the manuscript. EAB, CSH, and EC edited and proofread the manuscript. ZZ, KT, and CS super

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vised the entire study and approved the manuscript. All authors reviewed the final manuscript. The authorship order of the co–first authors was determined by flipping a coin. We thank Guopin Fan (David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA) for providing the BJ-iPSCs, and Matthew Schibler (California NanoSystems Institute Advanced Light Microscopy/Spectroscopy Shared Resource Facility, UCLA) for his assistance with the confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) analysis. This study was supported by a Faculty seed grant from the UCLA School of Dentistry, the Plastic Surgery Foundation (2013 National Endowment for Plastic Surgery 269698), an NIH/National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences UCLA CTSI Grant (UL1TR001881), and the International S&T Cooperation Program of China (grant 2013DFB30360). CLSM was performed at the Center for NanoScience Institute Advanced Light Microscopy/Spectroscopy Shared Resource Facility at UCLA. Conflict of interest: ZZ, KT, and CS are inventors on fibromodulin-related patents assigned to UCLA (ZL 201180023880.9; US 9,409,963 B2; US 9,885,014 B2; US 9,549,954 B2; US and 10,190,097 B2). ZZ, KT, and CS are founders of Scarless Laboratories Inc., which sublicenses fibromodulin-related patents from the University of California Board of Regents, which also holds equity in the company. ZZ and CS are also former and current officers, respectively, of Scarless Laboratories Inc. Neves J, Sousa-Victor P, Jasper H. Rejuvenating strategies for stem cell-based therapies in aging. Cell Stem Cell. 2017;20(2):161–175. Lye KL, Nordin N, Vidyadaran S, Thilakavathy K. Mesenchymal stem cells: from stem cells to sarcomas. Cell Biol Int. 2016;40(6):610–618. Akimoto K, et al. Umbilical cord blood-derived mesenchymal stem cells inhibit, but adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells promote, glioblastoma multiforme proliferation. Stem Cells Dev. 2013;22(9):1370–1386. Mason C, Dunnill P. A brief definition of regenerative medicine. Regen Med. 2008;3(1):1–5. Zheng Z, et al. Reprogramming of human fibroblasts into multipotent cells with a single ECM proteoglycan, fibromodulin. Biomaterials. 2012;33(24):5821–5831. Madonna R, De Caterina R. In vitro neovasculogenic potential of resident adipose tissue precursors. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol. 2008;295(5):C1271–C1280. Li CS, et al. Fibromodulin reprogrammed cells: a novel cell source for bone regeneration. Biomaterials. 2016;83:194–206. Huard J, Li Y, Fu FH. Muscle injuries and repair: current trends in research. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2002;84(5):822–832. Turner NJ, Badylak SF. Regeneration of skeletal muscle. Cell Tissue Res. 2012;347(3):759–774. Bentzinger CF, Wang YX, von Maltzahn J, Rudnicki MA. The emerging biology of muscle stem cells: implications for cell-based therapies. Bioessays. 2013;

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35(3):231–241. Sirabella D, De Angelis L, Berghella L. Sources for skeletal muscle repair: from satellite cells to reprogramming. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle. 2013;4(2):125–136. Shadrin IY, Khodabukus A, Bursac N. Striated muscle function, regeneration, and repair. Cell Mol Life Sci. 2016;73(22):4175–4202. Lensch MW, Ince TA. Assaying pluripotency via teratoma formation. In: Stein GS, Borowski M, Luong MX, Shi MJ, Smith KP, Vazquez P, eds. Human Stem Cell Technology and Biology: A research guide and laboratory manual. Hoboken, New Jersey, USA: Wiley-Blackwell; 2011:217–233. Le T, Kim KP, Fan G, Faull KF. A sensitive mass spectrometry method for simultaneous quantification of DNA methylation and hydroxymethylation levels in biological samples. Anal Biochem. 2011;412(2):203–209. Chamberlain JS, Jaynes JB, Hauschka SD. Regulation of creatine kinase induction in differentiating mouse myoblasts. Mol Cell Biol. 1985;5(3):484–492. Panda AC, et al. RNA-binding protein AUF1 promotes myogenesis by regulating MEF2C expression levels. Mol Cell Biol. 2014;34(16):3106–3119. Ben-David U, Benvenisty N. The tumorigenicity of human embryonic and induced pluripotent stem cells. Nat Rev Cancer. 2011;11(4):268–277. Tapia N, Schöler HR. p53 connects tumorigenesis and reprogramming to pluripotency. J Exp Med. 2010;207(10):2045–2048. Menendez S, et al. Increased dosage of tumor suppressors limits the tumorigenicity of iPS cells without affecting their pluripotency. Aging Cell. 2012;11(1):41–50. WHO. Recommendations for the evaluation of animal cell cultures as substrates for the manufacture of biological medicinal products for the characterization of cell banks: proposed replacement of Trs 878, annex 1. WHO website. https://www.who.int/biologicals/Cell_Substrates_clean_version_18_April.pdf Accessed June 24, 2019. Kamada M, Mitsui Y, Matsuo T, Takahashi T. Reversible transformation and de-differentiation of human cells derived from induced pluripotent stem cell teratomas. Hum Cell. 2016;29(1):1–9. Shukla V, et al. ASXL3 is a novel pluripotency factor in human respiratory epithelial cells and a potential therapeutic target in small cell lung cancer. Cancer Res. 2017;77(22):6267–6281. Yoshioka N, et al. Efficient generation of human iPSCs by a synthetic self-replicative RNA. Cell Stem Cell. 2013;13(2):246–254. Johannesson B, et al. Comparable frequencies of coding mutations and loss of imprinting in human pluripotent cells derived by nuclear transfer and defined factors. Cell Stem Cell. 2014;15(5):634–642. Trapnell C, et al. Differential gene and transcript expression analysis of RNA-seq experiments with TopHat and Cufflinks. Nat Protoc. 2012;7(3):562–578. Afgan E, et al. The

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Galaxy platform for accessible, reproducible and collaborative biomedical analyses: 2016 update. Nucleic Acids Res. 2016;44(W1):W3–W10. Huang DW, Sherman BT, Lempicki RA. Systematic and integrative analysis of large gene lists using DAVID bioinformatics resources. Nat Protoc. 2009;4(1):44–57. The UniProt Consortium. UniProt: the universal protein knowledgebase. Nucleic Acids Res. 2017;45(D1):D158–D169. Nakagawa M, Takizawa N, Narita M, Ichisaka T, Yamanaka S. Promotion of direct reprogramming by transformation-deficient Myc. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2010;107(32):14152–14157. Hanna J, et al. Direct cell reprogramming is a stochastic process amenable to acceleration. Nature. 2009;462(7273):595–601. Szklarczyk D, et al. The STRING database in 2017: quality-controlled protein-protein association networks, made broadly accessible. Nucleic Acids Res. 2017;45(D1):D362–D368. el-Deiry WS, et al. WAF1, a potential mediator of p53 tumor suppression. Cell. 1993;75(4):817–825. Okita K, Yamanaka S. Induced pluripotent stem cells: opportunities and challenges. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci. 2011;366(1575):2198–2207. Molchadsky A, Rivlin N, Brosh R, Rotter V, Sarig R. p53 is balancing development, differentiation and de-differentiation to assure cancer prevention. Carcinogenesis. 2010;31(9):1501–1508. Ebrahimi B. Reprogramming barriers and enhancers: strategies to enhance the efficiency and kinetics of induced pluripotency. Cell Regen (Lond). 2015;4:10. Hong H, et al. Suppression of induced pluripotent stem cell generation by the p53-p21 pathway. Nature. 2009;460(7259):1132–1135. Moriguchi H, Chung RT, Sato C. Tumorigenicity of human induced pluripotent stem cells depends on the balance of gene expression between p21 and p53. Hepatology. 2010;51(3):1088–1089. García-Cao I, et al. "Super p53" mice exhibit enhanced DNA damage response, are tumor resistant and age normally. EMBO J. 2002;21(22):6225–6235. Matheu A, et al. Increased gene dosage of Ink4a/Arf results in cancer resistance and normal aging. Genes Dev. 2004;18(22):2736–2746. Mikkelsen TS, et al. Dissecting direct reprogramming through integrative genomic analysis. Nature. 2008;454(7200):49–55. Malecki M. 'Above all, do no harm': safeguarding pluripotent stem cell therapy against iatrogenic tumorigenesis. Stem Cell Res Ther. 2014;5(3):73. García-Castro J, Trigueros C, Madrenas J, Pérez-Simón JA, Rodriguez R, Menendez P. Mesenchymal stem cells and their use as cell replacement therapy and disease modelling tool. J Cell Mol Med. 2008;12(6B):2552

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–2565. Lu SH, Wei CF, Yang AH, Chancellor MB, Wang LS, Chen KK. Isolation and characterization of human muscle-derived cells. Urology. 2009;74(2):440–445. Stolzing A, Jones E, McGonagle D, Scutt A. Age-related changes in human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells: consequences for cell therapies. Mech Ageing Dev. 2008;129(3):163–173. Terranova C. Death after liposuction. In: Shiffman MA, Giuseppe AD, eds. Liposuction: Principles and Practice. Heidelberg, Berlin, Germany: Springer Verlag Berlin Heidelberg; 2016:825–832. Phinney DG, Prockop DJ. Concise review: mesenchymal stem/multipotent stromal cells: the state of transdifferentiation and modes of tissue repair — current views. Stem Cells. 2007;25(11):2896–2902. Kean TJ, Lin P, Caplan AI, Dennis JE. MSCs: delivery routes and engraftment, cell-targeting strategies, and immune modulation. Stem Cells Int. 2013;2013:732742. Murphy MB, Moncivais K, Caplan AI. Mesenchymal stem cells: environmentally responsive therapeutics for regenerative medicine. Exp Mol Med. 2013;45:e54. Rohban R, Pieber TR. Mesenchymal stem and progenitor cells in regeneration: tissue specificity and regenerative potential. Stem Cells Int. 2017;2017:5173732. Caplan AI. New MSC: MSCs as pericytes are sentinels and gatekeepers. J Orthop Res. 2017;35(6):1151–1159. Hofer HR, Tuan RS. Secreted trophic factors of mesenchymal stem cells support neurovascular and musculoskeletal therapies. Stem Cell Res Ther. 2016;7(1):131. Kocan B, Maziarz A, Tabarkiewicz J, Ochiya T, Banaś-Ząbczyk A. Trophic activity and phenotype of adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells as a background of their regenerative potential. Stem Cells Int. 2017;2017:1653254. Omel'chenko DO, Rzhaninova AA, Gol'dshteĭn DV. [Comparative transcriptome pairwise analysis of spontaneously transformed multipotent stromal cells from human adipose tissue]. Genetika. 2014;50(1):106–115. Pan Q, et al. Detection of spontaneous tumorigenic transformation during culture expansion of human mesenchymal stromal cells. Exp Biol Med (Maywood). 2014;239(1):105–115. Ren G, et al. CCR2-dependent recruitment of macrophages by tumor-educated mesenchymal stromal cells promotes tumor development and is mimicked by TNFα. Cell Stem Cell. 2012;11(6):812–824. Furno EL, Laan Svd, Maiorano D. Genomic instability of pluripotent stem cells: origin and consequences. In: Tomizawa M, ed. Pluripotent Stem Cells: From the Bench to the Clinic. London, United Kingdom: IntechOpen; 2016:674–689. Mandai M, et al. Autologous induced stem-cell-derived retinal cells for macular degeneration. N Engl J Med. 2017;376(11):1038

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–1046. Cao S, et al. Chromatin accessibility dynamics during chemical induction of pluripotency. Cell Stem Cell. 2018;22(4):529–542.e5. Moore KA, Lemischka IR. Stem cells and their niches. Science. 2006;311(5769):1880–1885. Hansis C, Barreto G, Maltry N, Niehrs C. Nuclear reprogramming of human somatic cells by xenopus egg extract requires BRG1. Curr Biol. 2004;14(16):1475–1480. Zhu XQ, et al. Transient in vitro epigenetic reprogramming of skin fibroblasts into multipotent cells. Biomaterials. 2010;31(10):2779–2787. Taranger CK, Noer A, Sørensen AL, Håkelien AM, Boquest AC, Collas P. Induction of dedifferentiation, genomewide transcriptional programming, and epigenetic reprogramming by extracts of carcinoma and embryonic stem cells. Mol Biol Cell. 2005;16(12):5719–5735. Kim DW, Staples M, Shinozuka K, Pantcheva P, Kang SD, Borlongan CV. Wharton's jelly-derived mesenchymal stem cells: phenotypic characterization and optimizing their therapeutic potential for clinical applications. Int J Mol Sci. 2013;14(6):11692–11712. Kalaszczynska I, Ferdyn K. Wharton's jelly derived mesenchymal stem cells: future of regenerative medicine? Recent findings and clinical significance. Biomed Res Int. 2015;2015:430847. Mauro A, et al. Isolation, characterization, and in vitro differentiation of ovine amniotic stem cells. Vet Res Commun. 2010;34(suppl 1):S25–S28. Marmotti A, et al. Allogeneic umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells as a potential source for cartilage and bone regeneration: an in vitro study. Stem Cells Int. 2017;2017:1732094. Davies JE, Walker JT, Keating A. Concise review: Wharton's jelly: the rich, but enigmatic, source of mesenchymal stromal cells. Stem Cells Transl Med. 2017;6(7):1620–1630. Soo C, Beanes S, Dang C, Zhang X, Ting K. Fibromodulin, a TGF-β modulator, promotes scarless fetal repair. Surgical Forum. 2001;52:578–581. Zheng Z, et al. Fibromodulin is essential for fetal-type scarless cutaneous wound healing. Am J Pathol. 2016;186(11):2824–2832. Zheng Z, et al. Fibromodulin reduces scar formation in adult cutaneous wounds by eliciting a fetal-like phenotype. Signal Transduct Target Ther. 2017;2:17050. Bi Y, et al. Identification of tendon stem/progenitor cells and the role of the extracellular matrix in their niche. Nat Med. 2007;13(10):1219–1227. Li CJ, et al. Long noncoding RNA Bmncr regulates mesenchymal stem cell fate during skeletal aging. J Clin Invest. 2018;128(12):5251–5266. Fisch SC, et al. Pluripotent nontumorigenic multilineage

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differentiating stress enduring cells (Muse cells): a seven-year retrospective. Stem Cell Res Ther. 2017;8(1):227. Hannon GJ, Beach D. p15INK4B is a potential effector of TGF-beta-induced cell cycle arrest. Nature. 1994;371(6494):257–261. De Braekeleer M, Douet-Guilbert N, De Braekeleer E. Prognostic impact of p15 gene aberrations in acute leukemia. Leuk Lymphoma. 2017;58(2):257–265. Li H, et al. The Ink4/Arf locus is a barrier for iPS cell reprogramming. Nature. 2009;460(7259):1136–1139. Mali P, et al. RNA-guided human genome engineering via Cas9. Science. 2013;339(6121):823–826. Li M, Suzuki K, Kim NY, Liu GH, Izpisua Belmonte JC. A cut above the rest: targeted genome editing technologies in human pluripotent stem cells. J Biol Chem. 2014;289(8):4594–4599. Ihry RJ, et al. p53 inhibits CRISPR-Cas9 engineering in human pluripotent stem cells. Nat Med. 2018;24(7):939–946. Tsai SQ, Joung JK. Defining and improving the genome-wide specificities of CRISPR-Cas9 nucleases. Nat Rev Genet. 2016;17(5):300–312. [No authors listed]. Keep off-target effects in focus. Nat Med. 2018;24(8):1081. Yamanaka S. A fresh look at iPS cells. Cell. 2009;137(1):13–17. Zheng Z, et al. Delayed wound closure in fibromodulin-deficient mice is associated with increased TGF-β3 signaling. J Invest Dermatol. 2011;131(3):769–778. Crisan M, et al. A perivascular origin for mesenchymal stem cells in multiple human organs. Cell Stem Cell. 2008;3(3):301–313. Singh Roy N, Nakano T, Xuing L, Kang J, Nedergaard M, Goldman SA. Enhancer-specified GFP-based FACS purification of human spinal motor neurons from embryonic stem cells. Exp Neurol. 2005;196(2):224–234. Nizzardo M, et al. Human motor neuron generation from embryonic stem cells and induced pluripotent stem cells. Cell Mol Life Sci. 2010;67(22):3837–3847. D'Amour KA, Agulnick AD, Eliazer S, Kelly OG, Kroon E, Baetge EE. Efficient differentiation of human embryonic stem cells to definitive endoderm. Nat Biotechnol. 2005;23(12):1534–1541. Huangfu D, et al. Induction of pluripotent stem cells from primary human fibroblasts with only Oct4 and Sox2. Nat Biotechnol. 2008;26(11):1269–1275. Huang da W, Sherman BT, Lempicki RA. Bioinformatics enrichment tools: paths toward the comprehensive functional analysis of large gene lists. Nucleic Acids Res. 2009;37(1):1–13. R Core Team. 2014. R: a language and environment for statistical computing. R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna, Austria. http://www

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Oleg Nikolajewitsch Karawajew (* 20. Mai 1936 in Minsk; † 23. August 1978 ebenda) war ein sowjetischer Ringer. Er war Olympiasieger 1960 in Rom. Werdegang Oleg Karawajew stammt aus Belarus und begann als Jugendlicher mit dem Ringen. Als Student wurde er Mitglied von "Burewestnik" Minsk und entwickelte sich dort zu einem hervorragenden Ringer im griechisch-römischen Stil. Von 1956 bis 1960 und 1962 wurde er sowjetischer Meister im Bantamgewicht. 1957 vor Konstantin Wyrupajew aus Irkutsk und L. Fishman aus Kiew. Er wurde daraufhin bei der Weltmeisterschaft 1958 in Budapest eingesetzt und rechtfertigte dort das in ihn gesetzte Vertrauen mit dem Gewinn des Weltmeistertitels im Bantamgewicht. Er benötigte dazu sieben Siege und bezwang im Finale Yasar Yilmaz aus der Türkei. 1959, einem Jahr, in dem keine Weltmeisterschaften im griech.-röm.Stil stattfanden, siegte Oleg auch bei der II. Spartakiade der UdSSR im Bantamgewicht vor Olympiasieger Boris Gurewitsch und Georgi Tschitschuaschwili aus Georgien. 1960 schaffte er die Qualifikation für die Olympischen Spiele in Rom durch einen Sieg bei der sowjetischen Meisterschaft vor Boris Gurewitsch und Amari Egadse aus Tiflis. In Rom war Oleg in Bestform und wurde mit sechs Siegen Olympiasieger. Ion Cernea aus Rumänien und Dinko Petrow aus Bulgarien waren dabei seine härtesten Gegner. 1961 gelang Oleg mit dem Gewinn des Weltmeistertitels im Bantamgewicht bei der Weltmeisterschaft in Yokohama der dritte große Sieg in Folge. Nach einjähriger Pause startete er wieder bei der Weltmeisterschaft 1963 in Helsingborg. Nach einem Unentschieden gegen Ion Cernea in der vierten Runde unterlag er dabei dem Ungarn János Varga in der fünften Runde und kam so nur auf den 4. Platz. Bei den sowjetischen Meisterschaften 1964 scheiterte Oleg an Wladlen Trostjanski und verpasste damit die Olympiateilnahme in Tokio. Er beendete daraufhin seine internationale Ringerlaufbahn. Von 1971 bis 1978 arbeitete er als Trainer in Minsk. Er geriet 1978 in eine Lebenskrise und nahm sich am 23. August 1978 das Leben. Internationale Erfolge (OS = Olympische Spiele, WM = Weltmeisterschaft, GR = griech.-röm. Stil, Ba = Bantamgewicht, bis 57 kg Körpergewicht) 1957, 1. Platz, III. Intern. Sportspiele in Moskau, GR, Ba, vor Dinko Petrow, Bulgarien und Francisc Horvath, Rumänien; 1958, 1. Platz, WM in Budapest, GR, Ba, mit Siegen über Poul Andersen, Dänemark, Imre Hódos, Ungarn, Dinko Petrow, Jiří Švec, CSSR, Lothar Fischer, DDR, Ion Cernea, Rumänien und Yasar Yilmaz, Türkei; 1960, Goldmedaille, OS in Rom, GR, Ba, mit Siegen über Jon Tveiten, Norwegen, Arthur Spaenhoven, Belgien, Michel Nakouzi, Libanon, Stipan Dora, Jugoslawien, Masamitsu Ichiguchi, Japan und Ion Cernea; 1961, 1. Platz, WM in Yokohama, GR, Ba, mit Siegen über Ion Cernea, János Varga, Ungarn und Bernard Knitter, Polen und einem Unentschieden gegen Jiří Švec, CSSR; 1963, 4. Platz, WM in Helsingborg, GR, Ba, mit Siegen über Kurt Johanesson, Schweden, Heinrich Theuretzbacher, Österreich und Robert Salles, Frankreich, einem Unentschieden

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Fort LeBoeuf's Guarriello golden at D-10 wrestling championships Mike Copper @ETNCopper SHARON -- Harbor Creek's Sam Sallot and Fort LeBoeuf's Abe Guarriello briefly chatted while they waited for their call to the podium during Monday's District 10 Class AA wrestling tournament. The casual way the duo spoke demonstrated a familiarity the 106-pounders have developed after their fourth meeting this season. That Guarriello has won all four of those matches probably left him a little more eager to chat than the Huskies freshman. Guarriello received the first of 14 gold medals handed out Monday thanks to his huge third period. The Bison junior managed to escape from the bottom position to record the two points that gave him a 6-5 lead, and then turned the maneuver into a pin of Sallot with 5 seconds left in regulation. "This was the closest of our matches," Guarriello, who also decisioned Sallot 6-1 in the Section 1-AA final. "He was good (Monday), but I'm very good from the top. I knew once I got on top (in the third) that I could put him on his back." Guarriello ended up Erie County's only winner for the meet, which concluded two days later than planned because of frigid weather that continues to plague northwestern Pennsylvania. D-10 officials scrapped the tournament's original weekend schedule Thursday. All of the tournament's previous rounds were held Saturday, with the first-, third- and fifth-place matches rescheduled Monday. Regardless of how they fared, those who competed were assured of returning to Sharon for this Friday's Northwest Region Class AA tournament. LeBoeuf's Isaac Bengel and Garrett Reinwald sought to join Guarriello as D-10 champs, but lost their respective championship finals. Bengel had the difficult task of beating Saegertown senior Tyler Vath if he wanted to win it all at 138. Vath, though, needed less than 2 minutes to demonstrate there would be no eye-opening upset. The Edinboro University recruit led 13-4 after the first period, and then pinned Bengel in 3 minutes, 27 seconds to officially join the elite list of four-time D-10 winners. "It's been a goal of mine for a long time," Vath said of his accomplishment. "As a freshman, I didn't really know if I could do that, but then it turned into a goal. Now, I'm really glad I got it done. I'm excited about it." Reinwald was last season's D-10 victor at 195. But instead of going for back-to-back titles, the LeBoeuf senior chose to drop to 182 for his last high school postseason. Reinwald still could have departed as a two-time D-10 winner had he defeated Dakota Geer, but the Franklin junior spoiled those plans with a 6-0 win. Geer made some acrobatic shot attempts finally pay off when he recorded a 3-point near-fall in the waning seconds of the second period. He then added insurance with an escape point and another takedown in the third. Reinwald sought his 101st career victory after reaching the century mark with Saturday's 2-1 overtime victory against Greenville's Gage Gladysz in the 182 semifinals. Seneca's Adam Fish represented the county's fourth chance for a first-place medalist. Fish drew Saegertown's Nick Monico in the 145 final. Monico took advantage of his off-balance opponent for a first-period takedown that he sustained for a 2-0 decision. Vath and Monico were two of four D-10 champs for Saegertown, which finished second to Reynolds in the tournament's team standings. The Raiders won four consecutive lightweight finals and boasted six overall. Saegertown 195-pounder Dylan Reynolds stayed unbeaten on the season by beating Greenville's Zach Miller 11-5 in the finals. Cody Mulligan also won the 160-pound title. Reyn

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Return to Book Reviews Black Feathers by Joseph D'Lacey Publisher: Angry Robot Paperback (416pp) If the punchy, sexually-charged pulp of 2012's Blood Fugue marked a welcome return to novel-writing for Joseph D'Lacey, Black Feathers marks an even more welcome return to the visionary eco-horror of his first two novels. It is also D'Lacey's most ambitious work yet. The first in the 'Black Dawn' series of novels, Black Feathers consists of two intertwined storylines; those of Gordon Black and Megan Maurice. The first takes place in our very near future – Gordon Black's birth, marked by mysterious signs and portents, takes place in a Britain increasingly scarred by ecological disasters, economic crisis, creeping totalitarianism and the rising power of the corporate militia called the Ward. The Black family – country-raised father Louis, urbanite mother Sophie, sullen Angela and nurturing Judith – struggle to keep going in their isolated farmstead, until the day the Wardsmen, led by the vicious Ward Sheriff Archibald Skelton and his terrifying henchman Mordaunt Pike, come to take them away. Only Gordon escapes, but as the boy soon learns, he's the one the Wardsmen want. On the run, hounded by Pike and Skelton, Gordon learns of a mysterious, half-mythic figure known as the Crowman, Black Jack and the Scarecrow. Some prophecies claim the Crowman is a destroyer, others a saviour, but all agree that a terrible catastrophe is coming, and that he'll be at the heart of it. And Gordon discovers that he has a mission, has done since his birth, to find the Crowman. Hundreds of years later, in the agrarian, animistic society that has arisen in the aftermath of the great disaster, Megan Maurice's parents summon the local shaman, Mr Keeper, to visit her after she sees the Crowman in the woods. Megan has been chosen to become Keeper's apprentice and to succeed him in time. But Megan, too, has a prophecy to fulfil and a quest to undertake. Her success or failure will determine the earth's future. Each storyline is fascinating and gripping in its own right; as the novel gathers pace they grow more and more closely intertwined. D'Lacey is a compelling prose stylist, able to weave a terrible lyric beauty out of atrocity and cataclysm. His characterisation, too, is deft – he's as capable at evoking loveable characters such as Louis' parents, his sister Jude and the kindly but mysterious Mr Keeper, as he is at creating almost Dickensian grotesques like Skelton, Pike and the vicious paedophile Grimwold. D'Lacey both brings to life the rustic world and simple faith of Megan Maurice and weaves magic into the world we know. Black Feathers reads like the post-apocalyptic novel you always wished Graham Joyce would write. It isn't perfectly flawless – the dialogue D'Lacey puts in his characters' mouths clunks at times – but it fuses a host of contemporary concerns and dreads (climate change, peak oil, recession, the ruthless cutting of public services, the erosion of civil liberties and the relentless growth of corporate control over public policy) together with science fiction, fantasy, Machenesque horror and D'Lacey's Gaian concerns into a rich, dark and compelling fable for our times. On top of everything else, D'Lacey is a compelling storyteller. From the first lines, Black Feathers weaves a mesmerising spell. The second half of the story is still to come, and on this novel's evidence it will be well worth waiting for. Joseph D'Lacey is back with a vengeance, and it's like he never went away. "Black Feathers by Joseph D'Lacey is a complex, multi-faceted addition to the post-apocalypse canon. It has the assured touch of a writer with several well received books to his name and a trust in his readers to be patient as he weaves together two distinct narrative

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1,332,369

0

CommonCrawl

13

14

mennobytes a look inside MennoMedia News from MennoMedia Herald Press Anabaptist prayer book now available on app Posted on November 27, 2017 by MennoMedia Mobile app extends global reach of Herald Press Anabaptist prayer book Format and versatility appeal to users across cultures and Christian traditions By Annette Brill Bergstresser ELKHART, Indiana (Anabaptist Mennonite Biblical Seminary) — Users in 15 countries across six continents have downloaded a new free mobile app version of Take Our Moments and Our Days: An Anabaptist Prayer Book in the four weeks since its launch on Oct. 23. The app contains the entire text of both print volumes of the prayer book — Ordinary Time and Advent through Pentecost — which were published in 2007 and 2010 by Herald Press in collaboration with the Institute of Mennonite Studies (IMS), the research agency of Anabaptist Mennonite Biblical Seminary (AMBS) in Elkhart, Indiana. "In its new electronic guise, Take Our Moments is a resource for people on the go and for ad hoc groups," said Eleanor Kreider, an author and former long-term mission worker in the United Kingdom who was part of the editorial group that developed the prayer books at AMBS over a period of seven years. "Being able to offer the content via a free app also removes barriers of cost and shipping." Kreider noted that the morning and evening prayer services — whose Anabaptist "flavor" is conveyed through the predominance of Jesus' voice, space for communal reflection on Scripture, and the choices of Bible readings — have appealed to users across various cultures, languages and Christian traditions. Members of the AMBS community gather in the Chapel of the Word for weekly prayers with Take Our Moments and Our Days, an Anabaptist prayer book published by Herald Press in collaboration with the Institute of Mennonite Studies. (Credit: Annette Brill Bergstresser) She recalled a time when she and her late husband, Alan Kreider, were asked to lead morning prayers for an ecumenical workshop and chose to use the prayer book. "We were astonished at the universal delight in Take Our Moments," she said. "The Anglicans recognized the overall structure of the Daily Office, the Baptists liked the emphasis on biblical words, the Pentecostals felt at home with the free prayers and the Mennonites loved to pray through the songs." The Ordinary Time volume — which contains a four-week cycle of prayers based on the Lord's Prayer, the Beatitudes, Jesus' parables and Jesus' miracles — has been published in French and Korean. Kreider is aware of German, Spanish, Lithuanian and Japanese Christians who are using the services, too. She said she has heard many reports of both individual and corporate uses of the prayer services, from committee meeting devotions, morning worship for small congregations and pastoral prayers to personal and small-group prayer times. "A married couple who had never prayed together because of differing pieties found they could now do so, using the prayer book, because it provided both prescribed biblical wordings and places for free prayers," she said. She added that families who have never held devotions have told her that the prayer book has enabled them to enjoy reading Scripture and praying together, with school-age children helping lead and younger ones offering their own prayers of thanks and petitions. "Also, young people who are embarrassed to pray aloud in free fashion have responded positively to the format," she said. "Several voices can lead, and the petitions can be filled in with simple words or silence." IMS Managing Editor Barb Nelson Gingerich, who oversaw development of the app, said that users of the print volumes had been asking for a digital version. Gifts from several donors, including the Anabaptist Foundation in Vancouver, British Columbia, made it possible for IMS to contract with James Stuckey Weber to design it. It's available for both Apple and Android devices. The app's settings enable users to select which version of a doxology, a scriptural canticle and the Lord's Prayer they wish to use, Gingerich said. Both the books and the app identify songs of praise and response to the readings in each service

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1,332,371

0

CommonCrawl

13

14

Mr. Darcy FOREVER!!! More Pride and Prejudice Adaptions to LOVE!! March 13, 2019 by Margiesmustreads · Leave a Comment Genres: Austenesque, Chic-Lit, Contemporary Romance, Diverse Books, Mr. Darcy Romance, Reading Diversely, Retellings, Romance I live for Pride and Prejudice Adaptions!! They are my absolute favorite!!! Here are a few I have read recently and absolutely ADORED!!! Read On Janeites!!! MR. DARCY FOREVER!!! Award-winning author Sonali Dev launches a new series about the Rajes, an immigrant Indian family descended from royalty, who have built their lives in San Francisco… It is a truth universally acknowledged that only in an overachieving Indian American family can a genius daughter be considered a black sheep. Dr. Trisha Raje is San Francisco's most acclaimed neurosurgeon. But that's not enough for the Rajes, her influential immigrant family who's achieved power by making its own non-negotiable rules: · Never trust an outsider · Never do anything to jeopardize your brother's political aspirations · And never, ever, defy your family Trisha is guilty of breaking all three rules. But now she has a chance to redeem herself. So long as she doesn't repeat old mistakes. Up-and-coming chef DJ Caine has known people like Trisha before, people who judge him by his rough beginnings and place pedigree above character. He needs the lucrative job the Rajes offer, but he values his pride too much to indulge Trisha's arrogance. And then he discovers that she's the only surgeon who can save his sister's life. As the two clash, their assumptions crumble like the spun sugar on one of DJ's stunning desserts. But before a future can be savored there's a past to be reckoned with… A family trying to build home in a new land. A man who has never felt at home anywhere. And a choice to be made between the two. Pride and Prejudice gets remixed in this smart, funny, gorgeous retelling of the classic, starring all characters of color, from Ibi Zoboi, National Book Award finalist and author of American Street. Zuri Benitez has pride. Brooklyn pride, family pride, and pride in her Afro-Latino roots. But pride might not be enough to save her rapidly gentrifying neighborhood from becoming unrecognizable. When the wealthy Darcy family moves in across the street, Zuri wants nothing to do with their two teenage sons, even as her older sister, Janae, starts to fall for the charming Ainsley. She especially can't stand the judgmental and arrogant Darius. Yet as Zuri and Darius are forced to find common ground, their initial dislike shifts into an unexpected understanding. But with four wild sisters pulling her in different directions, cute boy Warren vying for her attention, and college applications hovering on the horizon, Zuri fights to find her place in Bushwick's changing landscape, or lose it all. In a timely update of Jane Austen's Pride and Prejudice, critically acclaimed author Ibi Zoboi skillfully balances cultural identity, class, and gentrification against the heady magic of first love in her vibrant reimagining of this beloved classic. In the summer of 2016, Elisa Benitez heads home from college to help her family clean cabins. When her older sister falls hard for one of the elite guests, Elisa foresees heartbreak. Her sister is a Dreamer, an undocumented immigrant, and he's a state representative. Even worse is his infuriating friend Darcy! He's arrogant and rude, and an overheard comment sounds racist, too. If her sister is right that he's hitting on her, well, that makes it worse. Darcy certainly didn't intend to fall for a beautiful, opinionated Latina on his short vacation to the mountains. Elisa would sooner turn off his hot-water heater than agree with him about anything. Why is debating with her more fun than agreeing with anyone else? But to Elisa these issues aren't theoretical, and the debates aren't fun. When her little sister runs away, and her

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1,332,375

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CommonCrawl

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parents are scared to go to the police, Darcy realizes just how serious she is. And how serious his own feelings have become. Pride and Prejudice and Passports is a modern retelling with heart and wit, a sweet romance that brings Darcy and Elizabeth to life all over again. A modern-day Muslim Pride and Prejudice for a new generation of love. Ayesha Shamsi has a lot going on. Her dreams of being a poet have been set aside for a teaching job so she can pay off her debts to her wealthy uncle. She lives with her boisterous Muslim family and is always being reminded that her flighty younger cousin, Hafsa, is close to rejecting her one hundredth marriage proposal. Though Ayesha is lonely, she doesn't want an arranged marriage. Then she meets Khalid who is just as smart and handsome as he is conservative and judgmental. She is irritatingly attracted to someone who looks down on her choices and dresses like he belongs in the seventh century. When a surprise engagement is announced between Khalid and Hafsa, Ayesha is torn between how she feels about the straightforward Khalid and the unsettling new gossip she hears about his family. Looking into the rumors, she finds she has to deal with not only what she discovers about Khalid, but also the truth she realizes about herself. In this one-of-a-kind retelling of Pride and Prejudice set in modern-day Pakistan, Alys Binat has sworn never to marry—until an encounter with one Mr. Darsee at a wedding makes her reconsider. A scandal and vicious rumor concerning the Binat family have destroyed their fortune and prospects for desirable marriages, but Alys, the second and most practical of the five Binat daughters, has found happiness teaching English literature to schoolgirls. Knowing that many of her students won't make it to graduation before dropping out to marry and have children, Alys teaches them about Jane Austen and her other literary heroes and hopes to inspire the girls to dream of more. When an invitation arrives to the biggest wedding their small town has seen in years, Mrs. Binat, certain that their luck is about to change, excitedly sets to work preparing her daughters to fish for rich, eligible bachelors. On the first night of the festivities, Alys's lovely older sister, Jena, catches the eye of Fahad "Bungles" Bingla, the wildly successful—and single—entrepreneur. But Bungles's friend Valentine Darsee is clearly unimpressed by the Binat family. Alys accidentally overhears his unflattering assessment of her and quickly dismisses him and his snobbish ways. As the days of lavish wedding parties unfold, the Binats wait breathlessly to see if Jena will land a proposal—and Alys begins to realize that Darsee's brusque manner may be hiding a very different man from the one she saw at first glance. Told with wry wit and colorful prose, Unmarriageable is a charming update on Jane Austen's beloved novel and an exhilarating exploration of love, marriage, class, and sisterhood. Darcy Bennet lives to be on the ice. When the other little girls were watching the Olympics and dreaming of figure-skating, she was dreaming of representing her country not with skates but with a broom. At seventeen, Darcy still has Olympic dreams, but she has more immediate concerns. Like getting her team to Regionals, making sure she's accepted by the local college, and convincing her best-friend and team skip not to go to a university on the other side of the continent. And, possibly most important of all, resisting the urge to kill Lucas Fitzwilliam. 'Cause he may be really annoying, but Darcy's pretty sure they don't have curling in prison. Entrepreneur, Elizabeth Bennet, has opened her new establishment, The Longbourn Beanery, just a few short blocks from The Pemberley Corporation in New York City. While former Pemberley employee-turned-activist, George Wickham, leads OCCUPY PEMBERLEY, Mr. Darcy, CEO, must make a decision. Will he continue to hold stock positions in corporations that treat coffee farmers unfairly, but make his shareholders happy? Or, will he

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1,332,375

1,024

CommonCrawl

10

8

invest ethically? Elizabeth Bennet just might be the right person to enlighten him on a few things and perhaps even steal his heart. Pride and Prejudice and Coffee is a contemporary Austenesque novelette, which briefly explores today's coffee industry. It is a truth universally acknowledged that first impressions are a bitch. In a sea of college freshmen, Elizabeth Bennet feels more like a den mother than a returning student. She'd rather be playing Exploding Kittens than dodge-the-gropers at a frat party, but no way was she letting her innocent, doe-eyed roommate go alone. Everything about Meryton College screams old money—something she and Jane definitely are not—but Elizabeth resolves to enjoy herself. That resolve is tested—and so is her temper—when she meets Will Darcy, a pompous blowhole with no sense of fun, and his relentlessly charming wingman, Charlie. Back at school after prolonged break, Will Darcy is far too old and weary for coeds. Yet even he can see why Charlie spontaneously decides the captivating Jane is "the one." What throws Will is his own reaction to Jane's roommate. Elizabeth's moonlight skin and shining laugh hit him like a sucker punch. And he doesn't like it. Elizabeth Bennet is dangerous, not only because she has a gift for making him make an ass of himself, but because she and her razor-sharp wit could too easily throw his life off course, and he can't afford for that to happen again. Yet he also can't seem to stay away. When their rumored engagement supposedly takes the new Earl off the marriage mart, Elizabeth Bennet finds herself subject to public scrutiny like never before. With a title between them, how can Mr. Darcy marry her now? A Jane Austen Pride and Prejudice Variation Returning home from Kent, Elizabeth Bennet is still distressed over Mr. Darcy's insulting marriage proposal. However, her attention is diverted by the local militia commander who asks her to observe Wickham, now suspected of being a French spy. Pretending to be besotted with Wickham, Elizabeth accompanies the regiment when they relocate to Brighton. Darcy arrives at Longbourn with the intention of making amends to Elizabeth, only to discover that she is now at Brighton with Wickham. Desperate to save her from the scoundrel, Darcy follows her to the seaside, where he hopes to woo her away from the other man. Deception piles on top of deception as Elizabeth attempts to carry out her mission without betraying confidences—or breaking Darcy's heart. However, the French plot runs deeper than she knows; soon she and Darcy are plunged into the confusing and dangerous world of international espionage. Can Darcy and Elizabeth escape with their lives and their love intact? In this modern Pride and Prejudice variation, Captain William "Fitz" Darcy has just received a new assignment as an instructor pilot at Meryton Air Force Base. Soon he meets the intrepid 2nd Lieutenant Elizabeth Bennet, a new student at the base that he cannot keep out of his head. Elizabeth, on the other hand, finds Captain Darcy to be arrogant and prideful and attempts to avoid him at every turn. Despite Darcy's insulting manners, Elizabeth soars her way through pilot training, but can she soar her way into love as well? Read Them ALL!!! MR. DARCY FOREVER!!! Must Read!! The Friend Zone by Kristen Callihan Release Blast! I'LL BE THERE by Samantha Chase Michael Reviews Harry Potter and the Sorcerer's Stone THE CORNER OF FOREVER AND ALWAYS by: Lia Riley Grand Slam by: Heidi McLaughlin Fighting Solitude by Aly Martinez A GENTLEMAN NEVER TELLS by Eloisa James EXCERPT & GIVEAWAY! Love Between the Covers: A Documentary Film Release Week Blitz! Holding Strong by Lori Foster STILL by Kennedy Ryan BLOG TOUR STOP! Filed Under: Addicted to Austen, Book Promo, Diverse Books, Diverse Romance, Home, Reading Diversely, Retellings of Classics, Romance,

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Reviews » Blu-ray Reviews » Contempt -- StudioCanal Collection (Blu-ray) Contempt -- StudioCanal Collection (Blu-ray) Lionsgate Home Entertainment // Unrated // February 16, 2010 // Region A Review by Thomas Spurlin | posted February 8, 2010 | E-mail the Author Contempt (Le Mepris) is a challenge, an odd thing for it to be seeing as how it's Jean-Luc Godard's closest attempt at creating mainstream cinema. Conversations are stilted and uncomfortable, the characters rarely appealing, and the relationships developing are clearly headed towards a brick wall; however, that's all the intent of the French auteur's film, as the title suggests. We're wrapped up in the developing scorn between two individuals in a relationship, as well as the blossoming malice between a writer and producer attempting to adapt a classic piece of literature into a film. And, from start to finish, the material is taxing to endless degrees within its irregular brashness, yet not without reward once we've discovered which of the stirring, forlorn entities in the picture we identify with the most. More specifically, the film is set in Italy, where famed filmmaker Fritz Lang is directing an adaptation of The Odyssey. American producer Jerry Prokosch (Jack Palance) isn't happy with Lang's vision, as he's constructed an arthouse variation of a story that's often told with blossoming action and bombast. As a result, Prokosch has hired a supplemental writer, playwright Paul Javal (Michel Piccoli), to perform a reconstruction on the script to better create a piece of work that's more profitable instead of artistically inclined. Therein lays the first of Contempt's conflicts, pitting Javal, an artist himself, squarely between the creation of a piece of work from a great director and a studio's desire to turn a profit on a picture -- and the banter that ensues between him and the smarmy American producer. However, it's the layer underneath this that we're more fixated on, being the collapsing marriage between Paul and his stunning wife Camille (Brigitte Bardot). Opening shots in the film indicate a deep sense of affection between the two, as Paul compliments each of Camille's nude body parts as a gesture of reassurance, but her mood quickly changes after she spends an afternoon with the flamboyant Prokosch. Contempt wryly fixates on a lengthy back-and-for between the married couple at the center of the film, where their relationship begins to show rickety leaks like cracks in an aging boat. Within that, we're bearing witness to a growing sense of revulsion building between them, one that mirrors a collage of many of the statements heard during the crumble of a marriage between two loving people with differing outlooks. They discuss sex and affection, but it's more of a dance around a fact they're both fully aware of -- the reasoning behind Camille's muted, saddened disposition around her husband. As compelling as it is to watch, Contempt is also tough to swallow down. Our locations rarely shift, staying within the confines of the desolate yet striking white apartment for the larger part of the picture, while banter about the fabric of interwoven relationships -- oftentimes double-translated through several languages -- becomes the sole focus. Godard wants us to parallel the conflicts between the characters to The Odyssey, to a degree, illustrating the comparison between barreling through a relationship to that of a tragic journey rife with stumbling blocks that shape a person's disposition. He succeeds, but not in creating a pleasurable film; watching Camille's rash shifts in manner, and paying attention to Paul's prying reactions to her changes, are discomforting. However, the natural performances are gripping enough from both actors to hold our prickly focus, especially from the wide-eyed Brigitte Bardot as a pained wife with a not-so-hush-hush secret. Paul's banter with the American producer constructs an equally demanding dynamic, both between them and with Camille in the mix. Jack Palance does a great job at creating a Hollywood glitzy producer archetype that's disagreeable yet charming, a style of character that's turned into a bit

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of a cartoon figure with subsequent films. Their disagreement illustrates the state of cinema at the time as well, with Palance's arrogant producer as a representation of the business-minded state of cinema usurping the arty segment of filmmaking. They sit down to watch a screening of the picture with director Fritz Lang in a somewhat stale, melancholy screening room, and -- though vexed by the lead actress' nude figure -- Prokosch stirs around in the room and clamors about it deviating from the script. It's a moment where we witness the rebirth of a slain piece of art into something commercial by the person controlling the cash flow, something that mirrors a conflict behind the scenes of Godard's film itself regarding the presence of Bardot's nude form in the film. Though Contempt is a stiff projection of relationships, Godard makes certain to retain his sense of free-form, abstract beauty as well. He makes usage of iconic images of Greek statues to break from the film's rigid atmosphere, using silky blues and expansive oceanside vistas to paint a beautiful image of the work Fritz Lang would've created with Homer's story. These images accomplish exactly what they're supposed to do: make us ponder about what this version of The Odyssey would've been like, one that emphasizes artistic integrity and poeticism instead of moneybag-driven whims. That's a lingering thought as we're witnessing the battle over the content, adding to the overall themes revolving around the defeat of integrity and giving in to a situation. In a way, these images are sad as well, mostly because of the fact that they're ghosts of a creation that'd never happen -- which also tie to the ghosts of a grand relationship crumbling before our eyes with Paul and Camille. Because of all this, and because of the presence of Brigitte Bardot, Contempt also exists as Godard's most expensive picture, a "larger"-budget foray into explorative art that's as salacious as its title. We're literally witnessing "contempt" manifest on-screen, which isn't exactly the most pleasant of things to delve into within a piece of cinema. The scary thing about it might come at the moment when a line of dialogue sounds eerily similar to something you've said in a conversation with a significant other, ranging from the scant high points where Paul and Camille are civil to the even more frightening lows when they're passive-aggressively clamoring at each other's throats. This isn't so much a production about the destruction of something beautiful, but the demise of an assortment of things due to whims and ideals not lining up the way they should. Godard's picture is tough and very calculated, but it's magnetic because of what it says during its deliberate drudge with the audience. The Blu-ray: Lionsgate's presentation of the StudioCanal Series differ a bit from the versions found in other locations, opting away from the Blu-ray books for the more standard-size packaging. Each one comes with a matte cardboard slipcover, not shiny, that retains the same artwork found in other locations, while a nice-sized booklet with textual information can be found inside each case. Once the disc is fired up, a wide range of countries can be selected -- Australia, Danmark, Deutschland, Espana, France, Nederland, Norge, Suomi, Sverige, United Kingdom, US, and China -- that tailor to the menu design. Each of the StudioCanal discs have the same aesthetic framework for their Blu-ray menus, containing the same music and coloring for each. Contempt's 2.35:1 1080p AVC encode, handled by StudioCanal and distributed to its many outlets, is a largely successful affair in translating this film properly to high-definition. Most notably, detail has been tightened to a great degree, emphasizing texture in the Grecian statues and the exterior locales to pleasing degrees -- if a bit on the soft side. The color timing differs some from the standard-definition Criterion release, holding a much more balanced palette (check out the control held over red saturation throughout) and a brighter overall look to the print. Fine elements, like Bardot's close-ups when bathed in sunlight and the look of shadows in daytime interior shots, are

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1,332,376

1,024

CommonCrawl

16

20