princeton-nlp/QuRatedPajama-1B_tokens_for_analysis

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the strong lithium potential, the FCI Property also includes the Lac Bruno Gold Showing, defined as a gold and sulphide-bearing amphibolite boulder with an assay of 38.1 g/t Au. The showing was discovered by Virginia Mines Inc. and highlights a boulder field in the area with a source yet to be located. Additional work was recommended up-ice of the discovery, within the Corvette-FCI Property, and has yet to be completed. The FCI Property also includes the Séricite Showing where a grab sample from a sulphide-bearing sericite schist returned 0.3 g/t Au, 150 g/t Ag, 1.89% Cu, 11.15% Pb, and 1.45% Zn. Although not a focus for the Company, the base and precious metal potential of the properties is evident and additional ground work is warranted. Under the terms of the Agreement, the Company may earn a 75% interest in twenty-eight (28) claims comprising Osisko's FCI Property by satisfying the following conditions, subject to TSX Venture Exchange approval: • Issuance of 1,000,000 shares upon closing date of the Agreement • Incurring $250,0000 in work exploration expenditures and issuing of 1,000,000 shares on or before the first anniversary date of closing • Incurring $800,0000 in work exploration expenditures on or before the second anniversary date of closing, upon which the Company would vest a 25% interest • Incurring $1,200,000 in work exploration expenditures on or before the third anniversary date of closing, upon which the Company would vest an additional 25% interest, for a total of 50% undivided interest in the FCI Property Osisko will act as Operator of the FCI Property for the term of the 50% earn-in, with a Steering Committee of equal representation formed to provide advice and direction to the Operator. Upon completion of the 50% earn-in (third anniversary of TSX-V approval (or closing), a Joint Venture Corporation will be formed with the Company retaining an Option to acquire a further 25% interest, for a total of 75% undivided interest, through funding of the next $2,000,000 in exploration expenditures. The Company may become Operator upon notice to Osisko that it intends to incur the $2,000,000 in work expenditures for a final undivided interest of 75%. Osisko's remaining 25% interest may be further reduced through dilution if they elect to not fund their portion of subsequent exploration/development. If ownership falls below 10%, Osisko will have the right to convert this remaining interest into a 1% Net Smelter Royalty (NSR), of which, the Company retains the right to buy for $5,000,000 (cash or shares), and thereby, would obtain a 100% undivided interest in the FCI Property." Technical Perspective Click on chart (or here) for updated version (15 min. delayed) 92 Resources Corp. #1400 – 1111 West Georgia Street Vancouver, BC, Canada V6E 4M6 Email: [email protected] www.92resources.com Canadian Symbol (TSX.V): NTY Current Price: $0.055 CAD (08/31/2018) German Symbol / WKN (Tradegate): R9G2 / A11575 Current Price: €0.038 EUR (08/31/2018) Report #9 "Booming Frac Sand Markets Golden for 92 Resources" Report #8 "High Lithium Grades and Astounding Size Potential Sampling Suggests" Report #7 "High-Grade Lithium and Tantalum confirmed by Channel Sampling" Report #6 "Crews mobilized for next phase of exploration on the Hidden Lake Lithium Property in NWT" Report #5 "92 Resources snags hard-	-0.459096	1.204804	-0.791566	0.454324	[ 0.05932654490743231, -0.9775177548446294 ]	[ 1.8494305106440525, 0.5601779321010553 ]	[ -0.3800612202015907, -1.2030714329387862 ]	[ 0.8471313270015002, 0.06151750598912913 ]	1,024	[ 512, 512 ]	[ 278, 4549, 301, 389, 1974, 7037, 29892, 278, 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All in all, it was a good time for Nelson and the Sharks following eight days of inactivity resulting from the storm. Nelson wasn't the only one winning individual accolades. Reid won the 100 butterfly with a time of 52.00. Boyles took first in the 100 breaststroke with a time of 1:01.52. Nelson also finished second in the 200 individual medley with a time of 1:58.83. The 400 freestyle relay team of Samuel Villalobos, Clayton Boyles, Camron Reid, and Nelson finished second with a time of 3:22.46. The May River girls finished fourth behind champion Academic Magnet, runner-up Bishop England, and third place Christ Church. Kaitlyn Pangilinan took first in the 500 freestyle with a time of 5:12.14. Bluffton finished sixth in both in the boys and the girls standings. Abby Hess won the 100 backstroke with a time of 1:00.24. The Lady Seahawks, who were runners up in the state last year after winning the meet for the past five years prior, took third place behind champion South Aiken and runner-up Eastside. Meaghan Lyons finished third in the 100-yard breaststroke and fourth in the 200 intermediate medley, and helped the 200 medley relay team to a third-place finish. Victoria Gill took third in the 200 freestyle and third in the 500 freestyle. For the boys, who finished fourth behind champion Eastside, runner-up Aiken, and third-place Myrtle Beach, Kevin Geist led the way. Geist won the 100 butterfly with a time of 53.20 seconds, and took second in the 200 freestyle with a time of 1:47.40. 1. South Aiken (366), 2. Eastside (291), 3. Hilton Head (278), 4. A.C. Flora (257), 5. Myrtle Beach (238.5), 6. Dreher (213), 7. Lancaster (184), 8. North Augusta (181), 9. Greenville (157.5), 10. Wren (148), 11. Chapin (145), 12. Aiken (135), 13. North Myrtle Beach (134), 14. St. James (133), 15. Beaufort (70). 16. Daniel (60), 17. Berkeley (56), 18. Travelers Rest (35), 19. Richland Northeast (21), 20. Greer (2), 21. Cane Bay (1). 1. Eastside (484), 2. South Aiken (392.5), 3. Myrtle Beach (252), 4. Hilton Head (210), 5. North Augusta (202), 6. Chapin (194), 7. A.C. Flora (192.5), 8. Aiken (176), 9. Lancaster (173), 10. South Pointe (145), 11. Daniel (121), 12. St. James (120), 13. Dreher (103), 14. North Myrtle Beach (88), 15. Greenville (40), 16. Cane Bay (37), 17. Wren (33), 18. Airport (30), 19. Berkeley (29), 20. York Comprehensive (23), 21. Travelers Rest (7), 22. Beaufort (5). 50 Yard Freestyle –17. Bryson Cummings (Hilton Head) 24.84. 24. Adam D'Angelo (Beaufort) 25.55. 100 Freestyle –15. 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00 Freestyle – 2. Kevin Geist (Hilton Head) 1:47.40. 500 Freestyle – 7. Thomas Hughson (Hilton Head) 5:14.95. 100 Butterfly – 1. Kevin Geist (Hilton Head) 53.20. 15. Niklas Kronlein (Hilton Head) 1:01.43. 200 IM – 9. William McLoud (Hilton Head) 2:10.46. 10. Thomas Hughson (Hilton Head) 2:12.11. 100 Breaststroke – 9. William McLoud (Hilton Head) 1:08.77. 13. Niklas Kronlein (Hilton Head) 1:09.91. 16. Adam D'Angelo (Beaufort) 1:10.30. 21. Aaron Peterson (Beaufort) 1:12.93. 25. Cameron Matousek (Hilton Head) 1:14.65. 200 Medley Relay – 7. Hilton Head High (Thomas Hughson, William Mcloud, Kevin Geist, Bryson Cummings) 1:48.63. 200 Freestyle Relay –14. Hilton Head (Niklas Kronlein, Matthew Maldonado, Kolby Minckler, Cameron Matousek) 1:48.03. 400 Freestyle Relay – 4. Hilton Head (Kevin Geist, Bryson Cummings, Thomas Hughson, William Mcloud) 3;34.73. 50 Yard Freestyle –20. Madison Daniel (Beaufort) 26.79. 21. Maya Bostwick (Beaufort) 26.99. 100 Freestyle – 5. Rouen Brockman (Hilton Head) 55.79. 12. Kara Kurtz (Hilton Head) 57.82. 15. Madison Daniel (Beaufort) 58.89. 16. Maya Bostwick (Beaufort) 59.64. 23. Julia Esteves (Hilton Head) 1:01.59. 29. Isabella Pozos (Hilton Head) 1:02.43. 200 Freestyle – 3. Victoria Gill (Hilton Head) 1:57.19. 7. Lily Kerr (Hilton Head) 2:02.54. 17. Meghan Vigh (Hilton Head) 2:12.18. 500 Freestyle – 3. Victoria Gill (Hilton Head) 5:18.23. 5. Lily Kerr (Hilton Head) 5:25.53. 14. Meghan Vigh (Hilton Head) 5:51.22. 100 Butterfly – 7. Kara Kurtz (Hilton Head) 1:02.18. 15. Carsyn Bostwick (Beaufort) 1:08.47. 200 IM – 4. Meaghan Lyons (Hilton Head) 2:14.26. 10. Amanda Montgomery (Hilton Head) 2:23.75. 25. McKenzie Daniel (Beaufort) 2:39.95. 100 Breast Stroke – 3. Meaghan Lyons (Hilton Head) 1:09.83. 10. Amanda Montgomery (Hilton Head) 1:14.91. 14. Carsyn Bostwick (Beaufort) 1:16.77. 100 Backstroke – 4. Rouen Brockman (Hilton Head) 1:01.26. 26. Anne Watt Tuckwiller (Beaufort) 1:11.14). 27. 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aufort) 1:11.30. 200 Medley Relay – 3. Hilton Head (Rouen Brockman, Meaghan Lyons, Kara Kurtz, Victoria Gill) 1:54.32. 13. Beaufort (Anne Watts Tuckwiller, Carsyn Bostwick, Maya Bostwyck, Madison Daniel) 2:03.87. 200 Freestyle Relay – 9. Beaufort (Maya Bostwick, Carsyn Bostwick, Anne Watts Tuckwiller, Madison Daniel) 1:49.66. 10. Hilton Head (Lily Kerr, Meaghan Lyons, Julia Esteves, Amanda Montgomery) 1:51.46. 1. Bishop England (401), 2. Academic Magnet (374), 3. May River (335), 4. Waccamaw (306), 5. St. Joseph's Catholic (290), 6. Bluffton (257), 7. Christ Church Episcopal (234), 8. Bfrashier Middle College (160), 9. Greenville Tech Charter (155), 10. Brookland-Cayce (139), 11. Greer Middle College (90), 12. Mid-Carolina (77), 13. Palmetto (48), 14. Emerald (45), 15. Oceanside Collegeiate Academy (40), 16. Newberry (37), 17. Fox Creek (18), 18. Georgetown (8). 19. W.J. Keenan (2), 20. Battery Creek (2). 1. Academic Magnet (486), 2. Bishop England (401), 3. Christ Church Episcopal School (335.5), 4. May River (258), 5. Greenville Tech Charter (250), 6. Bluffton (206), 7. (St. Joseph's Catholic (201), 8. Brashier Middle College (172), 9. Greer Middle College (147), 10. Oceanside Collegiate Academy (137.5), 11. Brookland-Cayce (111), 12. Southside Christian (83), 13. Waccamaw (59), 14. Governors School (50), 15. Mid-Carolina (36), 16. Latta (25), 17. Charleston Charter (8), 18. Georgetown (8). 50 Yard Freestyle – 6. Samuel Villalobos (May River) 23.11. 8. Cameron Reid (May River) 23.56, 11. Nik DiCarlo (Bluffton) 23.77. 25. Mason Engler (Bluffton) 25.70. 100 Freestyle – 7. Nik DiCarlo (Bluffton) 52.66. 23. Mason Engler (Bluffton) 58.53. 200 Freestyle – 9. Kegan Brandt (Bluffton) 2:01.39. 10. Lucas Sosa (May River) 2:01.69. 17. Julian Suaza (Bluffton) 2:09.09. 500 Freestyle – 8. Ethan Kemeny (May River) 5:33.81. 9. Kegan Brandt (Bluffton) 5:35.46. 100 Butterfly – 1. Camron Reid (May River) 52.00. 9. Samuel Schwabauer (Bluffton) 1:00.25. 11. Andy Yemec (May River) 1:01.35. 12. Julian Suaza (Bluffton) 1:02.33. 200 IM – 2. 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3. 7. Nicholas Suaza (Bluffton) 2:04.03. 8. Clayton Boyles (May River) 2:05.46. 10. Jack Cimino (Bluffton) 2:14.12. 14. Andy Yemec (May River) 2:19.35. 100 Breast Stroke – 1. Clayton Boyles (May River) 1:01.52. 6. Nicholas Suaza (Bluffton) 1:03.56. 8. Jack Cimino (Bluffton) 1:03.96. 9. Samuel Schwabauer (Bluffton) 1:06.99. 13. Samuel Villalobos (May River) 1:08.43. 15. Lucas Sosa (May River) 1:09.26. 100 Backstroke – 1. Erek Nelson (May River) 50.47. 8. Ethan Kemeny (May River) 1:01.50. 200 Medley Relay – 1. May River (Erek Nelson, Clayton Boyles, Camron Reid, Samuel Villalobos) 1:38.79. 5. Bluffton (Jack Cimino, Samuel Schwabauer, Nicholas Suaza, Nik DiCarlo) 1:46.72. 200 Freestyle Relay – 7. Bluffton (Jack Cimino, Mason Engler, Julian Suaza, Kegan Brandt) 1:40.98. 8. May River (Andy Yemec, Ethan Kemeny, Ian Murphy, Lucas Sosa) 1:42.20. 12. 400 Freestyle Relay – 2. May River (Samuel Villalobos, Clayton Boyles, Camron Reid, Erek Nelson) 3:22.46. 7. Bluffton (Nik DiCarlo, Samuel Schwabauer, Mason Engler, Nicholas Suaza) 3:46.03. 8. 50 Yard Freestyle – 5. Alora Orr (May River) 25.97. 6. Alondra Janicek (May River) 26.17. 8. Abby Hess (Bluffton) 26.27. 29. Taylor Stevens (Bluffton) 29.38. 100 Freestyle – 4. Alondra Janicek (May River) 57.54. 7. Alora Orr (May River) 59.39. 15. Charlie Hancock (Bluffton) 1:01.84. 26. Taylor Stevens (Bluffton) 1:06.03. 200 Freestyle – 3. Kaitlyn Pangilinan (May River) 1:58.25. 500 Freestyle – 1. Kaitlyn Pangilinan (May River) 5:12.14. 10. Carli Baker 5:58.57. 13. Sacha Moreno (Bluffton) 6:10.86. 100 Butterfly – 4. Allie Ingram (May River) 1:03.56. 12. Sacha Moreno (Bluffton) 1:07.77. 17. Victoria Sosa (May River) 1:09.56. 18. Nagisa Reed (Bluffton) 1:10.31. 200 IM – 10. Nagisa Reed (Bluffton) 2:28.15. 13. Letia Reed (Bluffton) 2:30.22. 19. Victoria Sosa (May River) 2:34.22. 100 Breast Stroke –6. Letia Reid (Bluffton) 1:13.52. 100 Backstroke – 1. Abby Hess (Bluffton) 1:00.24, 6. 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Mayor, Edward Mosser called the meeting to order at 6:30 p.m. Council Member Jim Beach motioned to approve the September 21, 2016 meeting minutes. Council Pat Stenzel advanced; motion carried. Under Public Comment, Dennis Christenson was present regarding draining issues with the culverts on his property. The council discussed the culverts in the cities, adjacent properties to Mr. Christenson, as according to city ordinance, maintenance of the culverts is to be done by the resident/property owner. Under Engineer's Report, Maintenance Operator Bill Guggisberg discuss the current status of the project. There are two properties that are still being investigated for drainage issues in their basements. Bolton & Menk will supply a camera to see if the tile line is backed up. They could possible dig a hole and coordinate with City of Albert Lea maintenance department, for further inspection. Once the project is complete, the contractors for the project have a one year warranty for any issues or repairs that may arise. Under Maintenance Report, Bill Guggisberg spoke about necessary tree triming needed for contractors to get through with their trucks. The location needing trimmed is running from Fourth Street to Second Street and Park Street. He will call either McClune Tree Service or Peterson Tree Service for this to be completed as soon as possible. He spoke about meter reading happening in June for the new monthly cycle. Discussion was also had on blacktopping streets, and rating the streets for priority (worst to best) needing repair, and utilizing the unit price from Ulland Brothers. Andy Flatness from City of Hartland will come help Guggisberg will banners next Monday or Tuesday. The contractors have also been pressure testing the line between Hartland and Freeborn. They did have a slight glitch, and now are moving forward. Guggisberg spoke about unmowed properties, and he did mow two properties needing attention. Lastly there are a two properties that still need new meters installed, but since they are still on temporary water, he will wait until that part of town is back on normal water again. Under unfinished business the city officials discussed the quote from Ulland Brothers. City Clerk provided a CIP plan for 2016 and 2017 for streets needing repaired. City Clerk LaFrance discussed continuing to set aside money every year for upkeep after streets are repaired. The question for having a second street project in 2017 was addressed for four or so additional streets, and would it be possible to move that to 2016 regarding bidding processes. City Clerk will discuss this will auditor tomorrow for stipulations held by the state. Under unfinished business, city officials discussed City Ordinance #52-C Revision. Changes were made to correspond to monthly utility billing and long term vacancies. City Clerk will make changes made by city council and will be tabled until next meeting for review. Under unfinished business garbage fees were reviewed. There are no changes to the ordinance at this time. Under unfinished business, City Attorney drafted a letter regarding the dock that remains at city parcel R25.040.0040. Council Member Jim Beach motioned to approve and send letter to previous owner of the property. Council Member Pat Stenzel advanced; motion carried. Under unfinished business, City Clerk discussed the yard mowing violation letters sent out. Property owner at R25.018.0520 contacted city clerk and council member Jim Beach to discuss the plans he has taken currently, and also going forward to keep the property in compliance. Under New Business , City Clerk would like to hire a temporary office help while on maternity leave estimated August 8, 2016. LaFrance would like to meet prior to maternity leave, to discuss and go over office duties needed while away. Council Member Pat Stenzel motioned to approve Jan Beach for temporary office hire. Council Member Pat Stenzel advanced; motion carried. Under accounts payable and reconciliation reports, Council Member Jeremy Henke motioned to approve accounts payable and reconciliation reports. Council Member Pat Stenzel advanced; motion carried. 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Kazakh National Medical University, Fees & Admission - MBBS in Kazakhstan Building a successful medical career starts with choosing a university of repute. As the number of seats in Indian medical colleges is low, students are traveling abroad to pursue their courses. In this context, Kazakh Medical University is one of the most sought-after destinations for medical aspirants. Established in 1930, Kazakh National Medical University is a top-rated institution located in Almaty, Kazakhstan. Plus, the institution is recognized by WHO, NMC, and the ministry of education in Kazakhstan. Furthermore, many Indian students are studying here, and the University is known for its high-quality training programs for domestic and international students. MBBS Fees Structure If you start your medical professional successfully, you should only choose recognized universities that offer the best courses and internships. In this context, Kazakh National Medical University fits the bill perfectly. The University offers a low-cost MBBS program, with an excellent student-teacher ratio and outstanding facilities. Here are some highlights of this University: Kazakh National Medical University offers several medical courses like Master, Bachelor, and clinical programs. The University uses the latest equipment, updated technology to help the students gather both theoretical and technical knowledge. The Kazakh National Medical University ranks 1st in the National Rating of Medical universities in Kazakhstan and the national rating of educational programs. At the university, you will find 76 departments and 7 courses at 6 faculties (therapeutic, pediatric, public health, management in public health, pharmacy, general medicine, and professional training) The University has launched the process of quality management in developmental services to foster a spirit of competitiveness in the medical profession. There are regular exchange programs with countries like Ukraine, Italy, Turkey, China, and Uzbekistan for realizing academic goals. The Kazakh National Medical University organizes regular seminars, workshops, and debates notified to achieve the holistic development of the students. Why Study MBBS in Kazakh National Medical University? You will reap great benefits when you study at a top-tier institute like Kazakh National Medical University. Plus, after passing out, you will receive a high salary and recognization in India. So, check out the top benefits of studying MBBS in this prestigious institution. The semester system in the Kazakh National Medical University is outstanding as one semester is only five months duration. The fees of Kazakh National Medical University are very low compared to other European countries, and that's why many Indian students choose this University for their MBBS in Kazakhstan. The Kazakh National Medical University has a big campus that is the largest in the country. Plus, there is ample Indian food available in the University canteens. The medium of instruction is English throughout the academic year at the Kazakh National Medical University. Besides, you can also study Russian up to the 3rd year free of charge. KMNU or Kazakh National Medical University is the only institution where the FMGE passing Ration is excellent. It is the oldest government medical university in Kazakhstan, with over 600+ expert faculties to teach MBBS. The Kazakh National Medical University has more than 10 hospitals in Almaty for clinical practice. If you are planning to study MBBS at Kazakh National Medical University, you should be familiar with the courses offered by this prestigious institution. The ranking of any University is perhaps the most crucial deciding factor. The same holds for Kazakh National Medical University. Fortunately, this top-rated institution presently ranks at 5 in Khazakstan and holds a prestigious position of 3878 across the globe. MBBS Fees Structure in Kazakh National Medical University The fees structure for MBBS in Kazakh National Medical University is as follows – Fees Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Year 4 Year 5 Tuition Fees $5000 $5000 $5000 $5000 $5000 Hostel Fees $300 $300 $300 $300 $300 Total Fees (USD) $5300 $5300 $5300 $5300 $5300 Total Fees (INR) Rs. 3,97,762 Rs. 3,97,762 Rs. 3,97,76	0.267367	0.857422	1.145488	-0.282514	[ 0.6880075668178633, -0.15327276308746904 ]	[ 1.1188540494696875, 0.5959905037272496 ]	[ 1.642590997542364, 0.6483845155917304 ]	[ 0.03030106277009452, -0.5953284867447242 ]	1,024	[ 512, 512 ]	[ 15198, 19426, 3086, 20795, 3014, 29892, 5169, 267, 669, 2087, 6737, 448, 13232, 9851, 297, 15198, 19426, 14411, 13, 8893, 292, 263, 9150, 16083, 6413, 8665, 411, 23906, 263, 16372, 310, 337, 649, 29872, 29889, 1094, 278, 1353, 310, 22091, 297, 7560, 16083, 18400, 267, 338, 4482, 29892, 8041, 526, 9850, 292, 28177, 304, 12359, 434, 1009, 21888, 29889, 512, 445, 3030, 29892, 15198, 19426, 20795, 3014, 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2 Rs. 3,97,762 Rs. 3,97,762 You must have completed at least 17 years of age before 31st December at the time of admission to the university. The maximum age limit for applicants is 25 years of age. You should have completed your 10th and 12th standard with, Chemistry, Biology, and Physics as your major subjects. You have completed your 12th standard from a recognized board by the Indian government. You have scored at least 50% in your 12th standard in Physics, Chemistry, and Biology. For reserve category candidates, that is, ST/SC/OBC, the passing percentage is 40% with the same aggregate in Physics, Chemistry, and biology, along with English. You have cleared the NEET exam with a minimum qualifying score according to the year's requirement. The admission process in Kazakh National Medical University is conducted with cooperation with representatives and official agreements under the Ministry of Education and Foreign Affairs. You should download the prospectus and read it carefully before registering at the university website. The prospectus contains all the relevant information for admission. Besides the factors mentioned above, you have to send the scanned copies of the following documents for successful registration: 10th and 12th Class Mark Sheets / Predictive Score Card Confirmation Process You will get a confirmation letter within 3 working days. After receiving the original hard copies of the documents, officials will notify within 5-7 days. After the notification, the Kazakh National Medical University will submit your passport to Embassy for Visa, which you will receive within 7 working days. Your Visa will be dispatched after the admission fees are cleared. University Fees Submission You have to submit your fees only after publishing your NEET result and before the onset of your academic session. Visa Application Process You should start your Visa application process after receiving all the documents and confirmation letters from the university. Travel Confirmation If you find it difficult to obtain tickets, you can contact our travel agents for a smooth onboarding experience. You will also receive vital information like your departure date, arrival time, and destination from the partners at the airport. Kazakh National Medical University asks for a set of documents at the time of admission and on arrival. Scanned copy of passport notarized and translated into Kazakh or Russian Scanned copy of Class 12 mark sheet Copy of NEET UG result English proficiency certificate Non-criminal certificate if available Medical certificates that include mental health, and infectious disease certified by health officials You will need to submit your invitation letter and payment slip and provide 8 passport size photographs with white background. Although the official language of Khazakstan is Russian and Khazak, students will have no problem at the university since the medium of instruction is English throughout the academic calendar. All the entrance exams of the University are conducted in English only You will need to be proficient in the concerned language for getting admission here. All the teaching during your MBBS course is held only in English, and students readily converse in the language. The duration for a standard MBBS course at Kazakh National Medical University is five years. You will learn basic medical sciences and clinical studies in the first 4 years, and the last year is dedicated to an internship. Kazakh National Medical University offers a comprehensive approach to teaching medicine. You can have a clear picture and idea of their syllabus pattern: Term Syllabus 1st Term Medical Chemistry, Geometry, Bioorganic chemistry, Embryology, Human Anatomy, Psychology, Cytology, Elective Course, Patient Care 2nd Term Human Anatomy, Histology, Physiology, Philosophy, Emergency Medicine, Microbiology, Immunology 3rd Term Pathophysiology, Pharmacology, Pathomorphology, Hygiene and Ecology, Pediatrics, Internal Medicine, General Surgery, Radiology, Elective courses, Narcology, Forensic Medicine, Biostatistics, Social medicine 4th Term Pediatrics, Internal Medicine, Tuberculosis, Surgery, Obstetrics and Gynecology, Neurology, Ophthalmology, Medical Psychology, Urology 5th Term Epidemiology, Oncology, Social Medicine, Internal	-0.521587	0.540481	1.368677	0.055014	[ -0.9446455445486591, -0.09852854828467483 ]	[ 0.026570614870759075, 1.0543914205425375 ]	[ 0.9527334386378428, 1.784620494963883 ]	[ -0.3364921450535622, 0.446520305690556 ]	1,024	[ 512, 512 ]	[ 29906, 390, 29879, 29889, 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11814, 14055, 680, 2460, 3002, 29892, 1551, 1054, 6933, 29892, 10307, 27529, 29892, 512, 1890 ]	3,135	1,024	CommonCrawl	17	12
Medicine, Surgery, Medical genetics, Traumatology, Gynecology, Clinical Immunology, Neurosurgery, Obstetrics, Emergency Medicine, Fundamentals of Stomatology Admission Deadline You must be very careful in checking the dates for the admission procedure. Admission Details Date Registration date June Registration last date July Invitation Letter Within one week Admission date October Admission last date October Visa process November Departure December The dates mentioned are, however, tentative. The university will decide on a final date for every process and declare them as soon as possible. Kazakh National Medical University offers fantastic facilities for students throughout the program. Some of the highlights include: There are many student clubs at the Kazakh National Medical University, including committees on youth affairs, debate club, KVN team, student union committee, and council of young scientists. Students can experience a multicultural environment as many different countries participate in the education programs. You can also participate in student exchange programs, seminars, international conferences because the Kazakh National Medical University has robust international relations. The Kazakh National Medical University structure is strong and provides up-to-date libraries, excellent faculties, and top-tier internship facilities. FMGE Performance Kazakh National Medical University scored high ranks in the FMGE score, which shows the strong academic discipline. Name Appeared Pass Count Pass % Kazakh National Medical University 11 2 63.64 If you are wondering about your living facilities after enrolling in the university, do not worry. Kazakh National Medical University offers the following hostel facilities – The Kazakh National Medical University's residence hall has space for 2198 students, accommodating on a sharing basis. You will be provided with top-class facilities like computer labs, kitchens, laundry, library, canteen, gym, reading room, recreating room, TV, and study rooms on each floor. Besides, the hostel is equipped with WIFI internet access and boasts of a large sports complex that consists of basketball courts, judo mats, and wrestling arenas. You can choose from a standard residence that consists of 2.3, 4 seater rooms equipped with posh facilities for the students' comfort. The Kazakh National Medical University offers different types of scholarships to international as well as domestic students. Academic Scholarship is granted to all students based on their weighted average from 80% and up to 95% International scholarship program for master and Ph.D. courses Special scholarships for economically backward MBBS aspirants holding high NEET marks Indonesian governments Scholarship for meritorious students Cost of Living in Almaty The costs of living in Almaty, including all necessities, are as follows – Daily groceries range from Rs. 80-500 One-way ticket of local transport – Rs. 15-20 Dining at a mid-range restaurant with two people – Rs. 500 - Rs. 1500 A monthly pass for local transport – Rs. 1000 Monthly rent for a 1bhk apartment – Rs. 21000-44000 Why Should You Study MBBS in Kazakhstan? Kazakhstan is the world's 9th largest country bordering China, Russia, Kyrgyzstan, Russia, and Turkmenistan. Besides, the country is an active member of the European Union and an ideal destination for studying MBBS. Indian students can get direct admissions to the Kazakh National Medical University as they don't have to sit for additional entrance examinations. Most universities are well-equipped with top-class amenities and have a robust infrastructure. Medical students will get multiple options and good practices while studying MBBS at universities in Kazakhstan. Kazakhstan universities are approved by NMC and recognized by WHO, so it becomes easier to practice In India after clearing the country exam. The education system supports flexibility, and most universities have impressive faculty. Studying MBBS at the Kazakh National Medical University is a dream come true for most Indian students. But there are many formalities that you can need to clear. So, contacting Eklavya Overseas is perhaps the best choice for a smooth onboarding process. They have	-0.177285	0.660453	1.079545	-0.540903	[ -0.3241825752122206, -0.030387195691986498 ]	[ 0.4240901599215166, 0.8968161053872823 ]	[ 1.0338931514501393, 1.125197828363973 ]	[ -0.6250003663669836, -0.45680551996025803 ]	1,024	[ 512, 512 ]	[ 27529, 29892, 317, 2007, 708, 29892, 20795, 2531, 300, 1199, 29892, 3201, 398, 271, 3002, 29892, 12842, 484, 1054, 6933, 29892, 315, 1915, 936, 1954, 24579, 3002, 29892, 17574, 1883, 2007, 708, 29892, 4250, 303, 300, 10817, 29892, 27718, 14703, 27529, 29892, 13249, 1166, 1338, 310, 624, 290, 271, 3002, 13, 3253, 6737, 16992, 1220, 13, 3492, 1818, 367, 1407, 16010, 297, 8454, 278, 10116, 363, 278, 594, 6737, 8792, 29889, 13, 3253, 6737, 25577, 4712, 13, 4597, 8306, 2635, 5306, 13, 4597, 8306, 1833, 2635, 5468, 13, 12165, 7018, 2803, 357, 23732, 697, 4723, 13, 3253, 6737, 2635, 5533, 13, 3253, 6737, 1833, 2635, 5533, 13, 6116, 29874, 1889, 3979, 13, 8498, 442, 545, 5846, 13, 1576, 10116, 5276, 526, 29892, 3138, 29892, 12033, 1230, 29889, 450, 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one is a dimmer and one is a switch. oh and yes - w7 not server. perhaps thats it? You have the same appliance module as me! So not sure what is wrong? can you tell me the exact version / modified date of the Vera Luup driver files you have ? Or can you email them to me. I am sure Win7 and WHSV1 mcontrol use the same driver files, I am thinking maybe you have an older driver version that works? Clutching at straws now, but one difference I can see between a dimmer module and an appliance module is the appliance module has no capabilities listed, is this relevant? I've tried removing an appliance module from Vera and re-adding, I've also ran the Z-WAVE repair thing in Vera still no go with appliance modules and the mControl Vera Luup Driver. EDIT: I ran a repair again on just this appliance module and now it has things listed next to capabilities, but still doesn't work with mControl. Plan B instead of using the mControl Vera Luup Driver is to add the Aeon Labs Z-stick as a secondary controller to VeraLite primary. The Z-stick would stay in the back of the WHS PC and mControl would use that to send direct z-wave commands to devices instead of going via Vera using the Luup Driver. It has added a _SceneController in to Vera but is status is Red and I dont think its worked properly, See screen shot. Plan B might just work! Even though the Z-stick was not properly added to VeraLite as a secondary I connected it back up to the WHS PC anyway's, looking in the mControl Z-wave adapter util I could see that z-wave devices had been added back on to the Z-stick (I wiped it clean prior to trying to add to VeraLite) So the homeseer transfer must have done something, I then set back some devices in mControl from using the Vera Luup Driver to being proper Z-wave devices again instead and I was able to turn on and off the appliance modules via mControl as normal. I also had no issues with the status feedback not being displayed properly. However for some reason in the mControl Z-wave adapter util it said that node ID1 the VeraLite was a secondary, it also said node 11 the Z-stick was a secondary, also the z-stick was no longer polling the z-wave modules correctly and was failing which is bad. If there is a correct way to setup the Z-stick as a secondary to VeraLite primary? then this might be the best option rather than using the mControl Vera Luup driver and ditching the Z-stick completely. Or Plan C how bad would it be? To have the Z-stick as primary and VeraLite as secondary any thoughts ? They both work and the appliance module is turned on / off OK. So if mControl has produced these URLs? that work in the browser, why don't they work when I click on or off on this appliance device in mControl UI, its really strange. IIUC, there was an On command, that was followed by an Off command just 1.5 seconds later? "The port number is odd - I would have expected 3480" EDIT: Changing the port number in the mControl Vera Luup driver setup to 3480 makes no difference to the appliance module not working. The dimmers still work on/off however with this new port number. Sure, but 1.5 seconds is a bit quick. I'm assuming you have tried with just clicking On and then giving it, say, 30 seconds? I am not 100% the URLs are correct that are created by mControl? There are two difference there is a ]: before data_request and a ? at the end. With the ? at the end, the appliance does not turn ON ! Delete the ? and it does turn on. Strangely if I turn the appliance on with a correct URL in the browser, I can then go in to the mControl UI and click the Off button and the off button is working and does turn off the appliance. Why the off button is working in mControl I don't know? But it appears the problem could be with the On button in the mControl UI and possibly the URL that is produced ? I just cleared the log file and pressed on button for the appliance module waited maybe 5 secs and then clicked the off button. 2012-08-	-2.051343	-1.25731	-1.284231	-0.679873	[ -1.9965562740197071, -2.106130308339608 ]	[ -1.5097887078929795, -1.0048314479636389 ]	[ -1.3095935560049254, -1.2588687354972399 ]	[ -0.9426114175564841, -0.41713462336940155 ]	1,024	[ 512, 512 ]	[ 697, 338, 263, 3964, 1050, 322, 697, 338, 263, 4607, 29889, 13, 1148, 322, 4874, 448, 281, 29955, 451, 1923, 29889, 6060, 20952, 372, 29973, 13, 3492, 505, 278, 1021, 623, 13036, 3883, 408, 592, 29991, 1105, 451, 1854, 825, 338, 2743, 29973, 508, 366, 2649, 592, 278, 2684, 1873, 847, 9120, 2635, 310, 278, 478, 1572, 3182, 786, 7156, 2066, 366, 505, 1577, 1394, 508, 366, 4876, 963, 304, 592, 29889, 13, 29902, 626, 1854, 8892, 29955, 322, 12317, 7597, 29896, 286, 6451, 671, 278, 1021, 7156, 2066, 29892, 306, 626, 7291, 5505, 366, 505, 385, 9642, 7156, 1873, 393, 1736, 29973, 13, 6821, 10519, 292, 472, 380, 1610, 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Appeal after Dawlish man sprayed in face with chemicals At around 2.30pm on Monday 30 January 2017, two men approached a man in his 50s, close to the junction with Lawn Hill and The Strand. The man, who is an employee of a nearby shop, was taking the weekend takings to be banked. He was sprayed in the face with a substance and the cash was stolen by these two men. The offenders made their way from the scene on foot, running up Lawn Hill, turning left on to High Street before turning right again and running up Orchard Gardens. The offenders were followed by one or two young men on push bikes. Drop-in session ahead of construction phase of Dawlish beach management scheme Residents and interested parties are invited to find out more about the construction of a scheme aimed at reducing the risk of flooding to over 2,900 properties around the River Exe. The public drop-in session takes place on Thursday 26 January, 3pm to 8pm, at Mount Pleasant Inn, Dawlish Warren. It will give residents the chance to find out about the £14 million Dawlish beach management scheme which gets underway this month, and how the Environment Agency and Teignbridge District Council are working together to complete the project by September. Fundraisers plan 50-mile step into Christmas Authored by FORCE Cancer Charity A group of fundraisers will step into Christmas this week by walking 50 miles all through the night to support two local charities. They plan to set out from Exeter at 1pm on Friday and will walk to Exmouth and back, on to Dawlish and finish in Exminster on the morning of Christmas Eve. All they want for Christmas is decent weather and plenty of support and sponsorship for their chosen causes – FORCE Cancer Charity and Dream-A-Way. Man dies following collision on A379 Police are appealing for witnesses following a collision between a car and a pedestrian that left one man fatally injured. Stephen McKay, from Newton Abbot, was fatally injured in the collision which happened on Thursday 1 December 2016. Police were called at around 3pm following reports of a collision between a man in his 50's and a Citroen Picasso on the A379 at Holcombe, Dawlish. Pedestrian critical after collision on A379 Police are appealing for witnesses following a collision between a car and a pedestrian that has left one person with serious, life threatening injuries. A number of road closures were put in place as paramedics and Air ambulance attended. The Air ambulance landed by the Smugglers Inn and the injured man was taken to Derriford Hospital with serious life threatening injuries, where he remains in a critical condition. Green light for Dawlish Countryside Park A new countryside park for the local community has been given the go-ahead today on land between Exeter Road and Eastdon Woods north of Shutterton Lane in Dawlish. Proposed by Councillor Price and seconded by Councillor Mayne, Teignbridge Planning Committee unanimously approved the change of use planning application for the new countryside park which will provide a natural recreational area for local people to enjoy now and into the future. Teignbridge swim spots among the best in the country Posted: Wed, 11/09/2016 - 12:52pm Swimming spots in Teignbridge have reached bathing water quality standards with six 'excellent' ratings and one rated as 'good'. Teignbridge has welcomed the 2016 results of water testing at more than 400 outdoor swimming spots in England – called bathing waters - published today by the Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (Defra). This is great news for beach-goers who can be assured that Teignbridge's bathing spots are among the best in the country. Devon crash leaves man critically injured Police are appealing for witnesses to a collision in Torquay which left a man critically injured. 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A form of 'ecstasy' could be a new treatment for post-traumatic stress dr. david j. kim STOCK/Getty Images A photo of MDMA also known as ecstasy pills are pictured in this undated stock photo. A form of ecstasy, the illegal club drug known for its a euphoric high, may be able to help people with post-traumatic stress disorder. The pure chemical form of the drug, known as MDMA, is showing potential for therapy. Approximately seven percent of people in the United States will suffer from PTSD during their lifetimes, according to the National Co-Morbidity Survey published by Harvard Medical School. Most patients improve with therapy, anti-depressant medications and time -- but some will be unable to shake it, continually having nightmares or flashbacks, persistently reliving a horrible traumatic event. These patients often suffer symptoms so severe, triggering anxiety or depression, interfering with sleep or concentration, that they live with dramatic changes in mood or behavior. Can MDMA help? The results of a Phase 2 FDA trial, published Tuesday in The Lancet Psychiatry, looked at patients with chronic post-traumatic stress disorder who were dosed with MDMA for therapy. Phase 2 means it is still in the research phase and more studies will need to be done before it would be available for widespread use. But here is what the researchinger were they're trying to do. What is MDMA? How does it work with therapy? The active ingredient in the recreational drug also known as "ecstasy" or "molly" is MDMA (3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine). Initially described in 1912, it became popular as a recreational drug in the 1970s and 1980s. In 1985, MDMA was labeled "Schedule 1," meaning no accepted medical use and high potential for abuse by the U.S. Drug Enforcement Administration. MDMA alters mood and perception by working on the brain cells that secrete the chemical serotonin, a brain chemical that regulates mood, aggression, sexual activity, sleep and sensitivity to pain. MDMA is chemically similar to both stimulants and hallucinogens and is illegal in most countries. But mental health researchers wondered if MDMA could help treat a number of mental health conditions; there's research dating back into the 1970s testing its therapeutic potential. Dr. Michael Mithoefer, M.D., a psychiatrist in Charleston, South Carolina who researches MDMA-assisted psychotherapy for the Multidisciplinary Association for Psychedelic Studies, or MAPS, describes MDMA as "unique among drugs that decrease anxiety in that it isn't sedating and doesn't impair memory." "People have clear recall of trauma without being overwhelmed by emotions or dissociating and being emotionally numb," he said. "Our model is that MDMA is acting as a catalyst to the psychotherapeutic process, not as a stand-along drug." MAPS, a private non-profit research group that is helping organize many of the FDA trials, argues MDMA should be considered separately from ecstasy or molly, the often impure street formulations. What could MDMA treat? There is certainly interest, but the FDA has approved clinical trials only for limited conditions: Chronic PTSD, severe anxiety related to autism and terminal illness among them. Most of the studies are surrounding PTSD. MDMA is an optimal choice for use in PTSD treatment, Mithoefer notes, because of "PTSD involves prominent fear responses and the fact that MDMA decreases fear by decreasing activity in the amygdala and increasing activity in prefrontal cortex." The initial results from Phase 1 and Phase 2 trials are promising –- these are the stages of research which provide the FDA with basic safety data and information about dosing. In the next stage that begins this summer in 16 sites, Phase 3, researchers can learn more about whether MDMA is effective. European trials are expected in the next year, as well. 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INFLAMMATORY DIARRHEA is a topic covered in the Harrison's Manual of Medicine. Salmonellae are facultatively anaerobic gram-negative bacilli that cause infection when between 200 and 106 organisms are ingested. Conditions that reduce gastric acidity or intestinal integrity increase susceptibility to infection. Organisms penetrate the small-intestinal mucus layer and traverse the intestinal epithelium through M cells overlying Peyer's patches. – S. typhi and S. paratyphi survive within macrophages, then disseminate throughout the body via lymphatics, and ultimately colonize reticuloendothelial tissues. Nontyphoidal salmonellae most commonly cause gastroenteritis, invading the large- and small-intestinal mucosa and resulting in massive PMN infiltration (as opposed to the mononuclear-cell infiltration seen with typhoid fever). Depending on the specific species, salmonellosis results in typhoid fever or gastroenteritis. Typhoid (enteric) fever: Typhoid fever is a systemic disease characterized by fever and abdominal pain and caused by dissemination of S. typhi or S. paratyphi, for which humans are the only hosts. Disease results from ingestion of food or water contaminated by chronic carriers and is rare in developed nations. Worldwide, there are ~27 million cases, with 200,000–600,000 deaths annually. After an incubation period of 5–21 days, prolonged fever (>75% of cases), headache (80%), chills (35–45%), anorexia (55%), and abdominal pain (30–40%) are common. Other signs and symptoms may include sweating, cough, malaise, arthralgias, nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea—or, less often, constipation. Physical findings include rose spots (a faint, salmon-colored, blanching, maculopapular rash), hepatosplenomegaly, epistaxis, and relative bradycardia. Intestinal perforation and/or GI hemorrhage can occur in the third and fourth weeks of illness; neurologic manifestations (e.g., meningitis, Guillain-Barré syndrome) occur in 2–40% of pts. Long-term Salmonella carriage (i.e., for >1 year) in urine or stool develops in 1–5% of pts. Nontyphoidal salmonellosis (NTS): Most commonly caused by S. typhimurium or S. enteritidis, NTS typically presents within 6–48 h of exposure as gastroenteritis (nausea, vomiting, nonbloody diarrhea, abdominal cramping, and fever) that lasts 3–7 days. In the United States, NTS causes ~12 million illnesses annually. Disease is acquired from multiple animal reservoirs. The main mode of transmission is via contaminated food products, such as eggs (S. enteritidis), poultry, undercooked meat, dairy products, manufactured or processed foods, and fresh produce. Infection is also acquired during exposure to pets, especially reptiles. Stool cultures remain positive for 4–5 weeks and—in rare cases of chronic carriage—for >1 year. Bacteremia, usually due to S. choleraesuis and S. dublin, develops in 8% of pts; of these pts, 5–10% develop localized infections (e.g., hepatosplenic abscesses, meningitis, pneumonia, osteomyelitis). Reactive arthritis can follow Salmonella gastroenteritis, particularly in persons with the HLA-B27 histocompatibility antigen. Positive cultures of blood, stool, or other specimens are required for diagnosis. 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Posted By: Darcy Maulsby, 04 Dec 5:31 pm Category: Communication Tips Any of these sound familiar? Many consumers today don't understand modern agriculture. Activists are spreading misinformation about farming. Myths about farming seem to carry more weight than facts. I couldn't believe what I was hearing. While these things are top of mind for me here in Iowa, they're hot topics in Germany and across Europe, too. So what do you do about it? We shared best practices when I joined five other ag leaders from Iowa in northern Germany to meet with European farmers, veterinarians and other ag professionals during the Transatlantic Agricultural Dialogue on Consumer Engagement from November 11-16, 2018. "This experience highlighted why we must make time to share the what and why of how we do things on the farm," said my friend Chad Ingels, a farmer from Randalia, Iowa, who participated in the Germany study trip, which was supported by the German-American Chamber of Commerce. "Consumers around the world really have no idea what happens in the day-to-day activities on the farm. We need to share our story and keep it simple, without using 'farmer jargon.'" Learning practical tips in Germany for telling ag's story effectively Ingels, who raises corn, soybeans and hogs and is active on social media, appreciated the opportunity to exchange practical ideas to address the public's questions about food production. During these discussions, ag leaders from both sides of the Atlantic shared their 10 top tips for engaging with consumers, including: 1. Be willing to engage. Who is telling agriculture's story, and what are they saying? Don't leave it to chance, said Caroline van der Plas from the Netherlands, who encourages farmers to build relationships and share their story with consumers, the media and lawmakers. "If you don't share your story, others like People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals (PETA) will tell it for you," said van der Plas, who coordinates the Dutch social media project @boerburgertweet, which allows farmers to share their story with consumers on Twitter. The ripple effect from one story can be powerful, noted Janice Person, online engagement director for Bayer CropScience. She credits one interview more than 20 years ago with Louisiana farmer Ray Young for motivating her to pursue an agricultural communications career. "I was a city girl from Memphis who was interested in ecology," said Person, keynote speaker at the Transatlantic Agricultural Dialogue on Consumer Engagement. "When I interviewed Ray Young, he had me so focused on his soils that I can still see them in my mind. He explained conservation tillage and helped me understand how he was getting it to work on his farm. By taking the time to tell his story, Ray helped me become an influencer for agriculture." 2. Look at ag through consumers' eyes. Empathy matters. People don't care how much you know until they know how much you care, Person said. "Many people today are hearing things about food and agriculture that scare them. Sometimes people are angry, sometimes they are confused and sometimes they want to listen." Most people just want what's best for their families, added Person, who noted that farmers can bring a valuable, real-world perspective to the conservation. 3. Tell a different side of the story. While most consumers have heard a lot about organic farming, they rarely hear about other types of production. "It's easy for people to think there's only one side of the story or one way to farm, unless you share a different perspective," Person said. 4. Focus on the moveable middle. Activists are loud, but they are still a minority, said Nadine Henke, an ag-vocate from Germany. "There are still a lot of people in the middle, but few really understand modern agriculture. We can reach out to them." Farmer Derek from Kansas and his trombone, calling the cows 5. Find inspiring ag-vocates. 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Interview with Raphael Honigstein (part 2) February 10, 2011 Quazi Zulquarnain 0 In the second part of his interview, German football expert Raphael Honigstein talks about the growth of the Germany national side and their chances of winning a trophy with a talented group of youngsters at their core. We also discuss the future of divisive national captain Michael Ballack and evaluate whether Joachim Loew will be able to build a legacy with players like Mesut Ozil and Toni Kroos at the heart, thereby changing the way German sides have been stereotypically viewed the world over. Most importantly, Raphael dishes on the joker amongst his Guardian colleagues, give some advice to up and coming journalists and finally reveals which team he actually supports. Bundesliga Fanatic (BF): First up Raphael, the big one. German football is increasingly visible on the map once again and there is a real belief that either Euro 2012 or the World Cup 2014 presents the best chance for Joachim Loew's men to lift their first title since Euro 96. Do you believe this might realistically be possible? Raphael Honigstein (RH): It's certainly possible. There are one or two areas of concern – there's not much cover in central defence, for example – but on the whole, I don't see that many other teams that are necessarily stronger. BF: And while we are on the topic of Joachim Loew, the Swabian seems to be building quite the dynasty with the Germany team. How highly do you rate Loew as a coach and do you think in the long run, he can create a legacy for himself as one of the premier national team coaches in the world, or in Germany? Professors don't rock scarves. Is this man set to be the Arsene Wenger of internatioanal football? RH: I think he has got the perfect job for his way of working and he could well turn out the Arsene Wenger of international football. His work must be rated very highly. What's more: it should, in theory, become easier because the pool of quality players is rapidly growing. BF: On to Michael Ballack. As always he seems to be dividing the opinion of the nation. Can he still be a factor for the national side or do you think his race is well and truly run? RH: I can't see a way back for him at this stage. It's a shame really, he deserved a better end to his international career. But there are just too many players ahead of him right now. Bar a major injury crisis, I'm afraid that's it. I should add that I can't see him turning into a David Beckham-type mascot either. BF: Mario Goetze, Lewis Holtby and Mats Hummels, the future of the Germany squad looks bright as all these players picked up their first international caps last year. Who do you think is the most talented amongst the new bunch and whom do you think will make most of an impact in the years to come? RH: All three look very promising, and I would also include Marko Marin, who is yet to fulfil his true potential. In terms of impact, the established players like Müller and Özil are still so young that they'll might have to wait a bit to Michael Ballack's national team future is unravelling faster than his armband grow into truly important roles. BF: But even with all these young talents coming through, there seems to be a lack of pure strikers in the Germany system. Miroslav Klose is still the deadliest forward for the national side and Gomez seems not yet able to click in Loew's system. Who do you think can pick up the mantle once Klose hangs up his boots? RH: Well, Gomez seems to have woken up from his slumber, so he'll get the first bite at it. Now that Germany play with only one striker, the dearth of Number 9s is less of a problem. Patrick Helmes might well come back into the fold and there are possibilities for Stefan Kiessling as well as Andre Schürrle by the time the Euros come along. BF: You write for a number of foreign publications, so perhaps you are the best person to answer this. German football has often been stereotypically dismissed or underwritten as being 'boring' or without character. 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or are times changing? Are people becoming aware of the 'new' philosophy of German football, its clubs and players? Three card trick RH: I think what has happened in the past was that people outside Germany used to conflate the German national team with the Bundesliga and thought it's all the same. There's also the traditional problem that Germany as a country has looked less exotic or current than Italy or England. But I'd say perceptions have really changed since 2006. 2010 was a great year with Germany playing good stuff and Bayern reaching the Champions League final. There's much more attention on it now. And with attention comes knowledge and a better understanding of its strengths and weaknesses. BF: Mesut Ozil has emerged as the best German player at the moment, although for a long time the talents of Toni Kroos overshadowed him. Their careers now seem to have gone in conflicting directions, for while Ozil has gone from strength to strength Kroos has gone slightly off the boil. What do you think the future holds for these two players? RH: I'm not sure it's right to say that Kroos started out the bigger prospect. Özil is a year older and had his breakthrough domestically much earlier while Kroos was given little playing time at Bayern and turned into a different player on loan at Leverkusen. Özil will hopefully continue to develop off and on the pitch. As for Kroos, I think he might benefit from Bastian Schweinsteiger's experiences and turn into a proper central midfielder. The two of them combined well together at the end of year, before Kroos picked up an injury. Now on to lighter stuff…. BF: The Guardian is perhaps the best resource for football news in the world. So many great writers, sometimes you are spoilt for choice. So of all other things, who is the joker in the pack? It's Sid Lowe isn't it? RH: They're all pretty funny guys, it has to be said. I think James Richardson is the funniest, personally. Sid's the best writer though. BF: Is there anything better than being able to make your passion your job. Assuming of course football is your passion. RH: Of course it is my passion! And the answer to question is no. I feel very blessed. BF: Any advice for up and coming journalists? RH: 1. Find a niche and fill it and 2. Be very clear about the kind of money you can earn in the medium term and decide whether that's enough for the lifestyle you want. Quickfire: Your favourite player of all time: Karl-Heinz Rummenigge Your favourite currently active player: Lionel Messi Most underrated Bundesliga player: Arturo Vidal Most overrated Bundesliga player: Marko Arnautovic Magath, Tuchel or Klopp? Klopp BF: Last but definitely not the least. Who do you support? (tongue firmly in cheek!) RH: Brentford! For English language followers of the Bundesliga, Raphael Honigstein is basically the one-stop solution for all German football needs. The Bavarian native is a regular columnist for the UK-based Guardian writing mostly on affairs in the Bundesliga. He also contributes on the same to the US-based Sports Illustrated and is often heard regaling listeners with his dry humour on the Guardian's brilliant Football Weekly and the UK radio show talkSPORT. Back home, he writes for the Süddeutsche Zeitung, mostly on issues of English football. Predictably then, he is the author of the fascinating book Englischer Fussball, which you might have seen by its alternate title of Harder, Better, Faster, Stronger. If you aren't already, follow Raphael Honigstein on Twitter @honigstein The interviewer can be followed on Twitter @nondeplume Quazi Zulquarnain There is no right, there is no wrong, there is only popular opinion. Follow me on twitter @nondeplume Latest posts by Quazi Zulquarnain (see all) From Bangladesh to the German National Team: Thank you - July 20, 2014 In Defense of Pep Guardiola and Bayern Munich's "Tiki-Taka" - April 27, 2014 A Tribute to Michael Ballack - June	0.704444	-0.065885	0.018763	-0.688327	[ 0.8961982320256748, 0.5126891119060221 ]	[ 0.11789267251755473, -0.24966182236784798 ]	[ 0.3541805566471552, -0.316655194566984 ]	[ -0.41583393823527515, -0.9608210094342543 ]	1,024	[ 512, 512 ]	[ 470, 526, 3064, 6480, 29973, 4683, 2305, 14171, 9543, 310, 278, 525, 1482, 29915, 22237, 310, 5332, 5733, 29892, 967, 17651, 322, 10769, 29973, 13, 28575, 5881, 8938, 13, 29934, 29950, 29901, 306, 1348, 825, 756, 9559, 297, 278, 4940, 471, 393, 2305, 5377, 9556, 1304, 304, 18669, 403, 278, 5332, 4797, 3815, 411, 278, 8457, 10381, 322, 2714, 372, 29915, 29879, 599, 278, 1021, 29889, 1670, 29915, 29879, 884, 278, 13807, 1108, 393, 9556, 408, 263, 4234, 756, 5148, 3109, 429, 13574, 470, 1857, 1135, 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H.R. 2109 (116th) H.R. 2109 (116th): Boosting Rates of American Veteran Employment Act Call or Write Congress React to this bill with an emoji Save your opinion on this bill on a six-point scale from strongly oppose to strongly support Add Note All Positions » (Shared on panel.) Widget for your website Get a bill status widget » Follow GovTrack on social media for more updates: Visit us on Twitter Visit us on Instagram On GovTrack Insider: Bill would repeal the 1993 "Motor Voter" law which allows people to register to vote at the DMV Don't worry — reading this article about the DMV won't take as long as the wait there. Jan 15, 2021 Baseball Diplomacy Act would eliminate the current requirement that Cubans give up their Cuban… What should happen if a Cuban citizen wants to become a Yankee, in both senses of the word? Jan 14, 2021 Bill would end Pakistan's status as a major non-NATO ally, the first time a country would ever be… Is it time to change Pakistan's privileged diplomatic status with the U.S? Jan 13, 2021 Add a note about this bill. Your note is for you and will not be shared with anyone. Because you are a member of panel, your positions on legislation and notes below will be shared with the panel administrators. (More Info) To amend title 38, United States Code, to authorize the Secretary of Veterans Affairs, in awarding a contract for the procurement of goods or services, to give a preference to offerors that employ veterans. The bill's titles are written by its sponsor. Sponsor and status Kathleen Rice Sponsor. Representative for New York's 4th congressional district. Democrat. Read Text » 116th Congress (2019–2021) Enacted Via Other Measures Provisions of this bill were incorporated into other bills which were enacted. This bill was incorporated into: H.R. 7105: Johnny Isakson and David P. Roe, M.D. Veterans Health Care and Benefits Improvement Act of 2020 Enacted — Signed by the President on Jan 5, 2021. (compare text) What legislators are saying "Rep. Rices BRAVE Act Passes House with Broad Bipartisan Support" — Rep. Kathleen Rice [D-NY4] (Sponsor) on Jun 26, 2019 "Amata Votes for Blue Water Navy Veterans Bill, Cosponsored 10 Veterans Bills" — Rep. Aumua Amata Radewagen [R-AS0] (Co-sponsor) on May 8, 2019 "My Votes – Week of June 24" — Rep. Cathy Rodgers [R-WA5] on Jun 28, 2019 More statements at ProPublica Represent... What stakeholders are saying R Street Institute SpendingTracker.org estimates new spending due to H.R. 2109 will be negligible. Your organization's position statement could be on this page! Register your organization's position on this bill » Bills and resolutions are referred to committees which debate the bill before possibly sending it on to the whole chamber. Considered by Economic Opportunity A committee held a hearing or business meeting about the bill. Considered by House Committee on Veterans' Affairs Ordered Reported A committee has voted to issue a report to the full chamber recommending that the bill be considered further. Only about 1 in 4 bills are reported out of committee. The House Committee on Veterans' Affairs issued the report which may provide insight into the purpose of the legislation. Read Report » Read Updated Text » See Changes » Passed House (Senate next) The bill was passed in a vote in the House. It goes to the Senate next. The vote was by voice vote so no record of individual votes was made. 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Egypt and Turkey: the calm before the storm Image credit: AP Photo Egypt and Turkey have had strained, almost eruptive relations for the past six years. They were particularly tense after the overthrow of the former Egyptian President and the Muslim Brotherhood Mohamed Morsi in July 2013. Given recent developments in the Mediterranean and Libya, these tensions may have been the calm before the storm. Egypt, Turkey and the Muslim Brotherhood Turkey's Erdoğan and the Justice and Development Party (AKP) are known for their ties to the Muslim Brotherhood and their support for the ousted president. In an interview with Ahval, Lorenzo Vidino, director of the Extremism Program at the George Washington University Center for Cyber and Homeland Security, confirmed that the Islamists who rule Turkey in the Justice and Development Party (AKP) are with the Muslim Brotherhood, too known as, are linked to the Ikhwan in Arabic. After Mohammed Morsi was overthrown in July 2013, members of the Muslim Brotherhood sought refuge in Turkey, which Erdogan actually made available at the time. This influx of MB members into Turkey was also due to the blockade that some Gulf states and Egypt had imposed on Qatar and which Doha already supported the Muslim Brotherhood in 2017. The result was heightened tension between the Egyptian and Turkish governments, with the former accusing Turkey of providing a safe haven for terrorists. Gas resources in the Mediterranean Relations between Turkey's political elite and the Brotherhood are not the only thing affecting current relations between the two Middle Eastern countries. There is also fierce competition for resources in the Mediterranean – gas, to be precise. According to Bruegel, the Italian energy company Eni discovered the Zohr gas field off the coast of Egypt in 2015 during the largest gas discovery ever made in the Mediterranean. The Zohr gas field has gas reserves of 30 trillion cubic feet. Another field is the nearby offshore Noor field, which, according to The Arab Weekly, could have even larger reserves than Zohr. Photo credit: Arabian Business The importance of the Zohr gas field extends far beyond the Egyptian borders due to its proximity to other fields off Israel and Cyprus. This could enable coordinated development and provide these economies with a competitive gas export infrastructure in a timely manner. Egypt hosts LNG export infrastructure in Idku and Damietta. Both plants could easily facilitate the export of gas from Egyptian, Israeli and Cypriot fields. With the help of Egypt's LNG infrastructure, a gas market in the eastern Mediterranean would be created from which all parties would benefit. This would also present an immense opportunity for Europe, where domestic production is declining and gas import requirements are likely to increase in the years to come. However, problems emerged in November 2018 when Turkey was exploring for oil and gas in the eastern Mediterranean. The move sparked tension across the region and the country warned, according to Navytimes, to prevent "unilateral, illegitimate and unfair" actions against its interests. Turkey does not recognize Cyprus as a state and rejects its gas search. She sees this as a violation of the Turkish rights to oil and gas reserves as well as a violation of the rights of the renegade Turkish Cypriots to the natural resources of the ethnically divided island. In addition, Turkey's continental shelf overlaps parts of Cyprus' exclusive economic zone. It is worth noting that Egypt, Greece and Cyprus have agreed to set up a forum for natural gas producing nations in the Eastern Mediterranean to benefit from new gas discoveries. That puts the countries involved and Turkey in the line of fire. Libya is also a concern in the region as various regional powers wage proxy wars in the unstable country. Its border with Egypt puts it in the sphere of influence of Egypt and makes it essential for the latter to stabilize Libya. Libya is currently in a state of war between two powers: Army General Khalifa Haftar, who is supported by Egypt, the United Arab Emirates, Saudi Arabia and Russia; and the government of the National Agreement, which is supported by Turkey, among others. 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Lock in a great price for Relais Il Casale – rated 8.7 by recent guests! To get started, it is really important to say that all the staff (staff working in the restaurant and the reception and cleaning staff) is very polite, welcoming and professional. Rooms are very clean and the restaurant as well. The apartment was very spacious and private. further, the Jacuzzi was wonderful for relaxing at night. Oh, yeah! I loved the sauna, too. Great 2 bed appartment/chalet, which was a perfect location and base in the mountains to explore the beaches and countryside. A lovely heated pool with lots of spa jets. Fantastic building and position on the mountainside. We would go back again for another stay. Delicious breakfast with lot of variety of homemade cakes, honey, jam, ham and cheese. Comfy beds. Staff very nice and helpful! The terrace of the house was gated which is great if you have little kids. The staff was friendly. Local fruits from the garden is a nice perk. We could order daily fresh bread. The view is outstanding. Location molto bella, personale veramente gentile. Da tornare! One of our top picks in Tovo San Giacomo.Located in a 25.000-mq garden with olive groves, Relais Il Casale is a 10-minute drive from the Ligurian Coast. This country residence offers an outdoor, heated swimming pool and a modern spa. All units come with free WiFi and free toiletries. Il Casale features a panoramic terrace, where you can enjoy breakfast while admiring views across the Maremola Valley. The indoor wellness center includes a 14-seat hot tub, sauna, and Turkish bath. Available from April until November, the outdoor wellness area features 2 swimming pools and a sun terrace. The on-site restaurant serves local specialties. Albenga is 19 mi from Relais Il Casale, while Genoa Airport is a 1-hour drive from the property. This property also has one of the top-rated locations in Tovo San Giacomo! Guests are happier about it compared to other properties in the area. When would you like to stay at Relais Il Casale? This double room features air conditioning, a flat-screen TV and free toiletries. This suite features a spa bath and a private Turkish bath. This villa has a oven, kitchenware and patio. This suite features a balcony, mini-bar and spa bath. This villa features a kitchenette, barbecue and sofa. House Rules Relais Il Casale takes special requests – add in the next step! ATM card Relais Il Casale accepts these cards and reserves the right to temporarily hold an amount prior to arrival. Relais Il Casale accepts these cards and reserves the right to temporarily hold an amount prior to arrival. Please note, the spa is available at extra EUR 35 per person per day. From November until March, the wellness center is open from Friday until Monday only. From April until October it is available every day. When booking a villa, please note that air conditioning is not included and will be charged EUR 10 per day when used. Please inform Relais Il Casale of your expected arrival time in advance. You can use the Special Requests box when booking, or contact the property directly using the contact details in your confirmation. Most importantly, appart from the staff working in the hotel, there is another person, supposedly the manager (or maybe even the owner of the hotel) that is present in the hotel all the time, managing and monitoring every happening. Even before the beggining of our stay in the hotel, we confirmed by emailing through booking.com that we would like to book 2 additional nights in the hotel. We have received a positive answer from the manager, saying that we can book the two additional nights and we were told the price to which we immediately agreed. When we arrived in the hotel, we confirmed the additional two nights once again with the staff and the manager himself at the reption. 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Internet usage rate in Portugal and EU: increases with the level of formal educational attainment (2016) Since 2009, the use of internet by the Portuguese population has increased. However, Portugal is still positioned within the lower levels of internet usage rate compared with the other European Union countries. In the EU there is a more frequent usage of internet among young people and people with higher school attainment. Between 2009 and 2016, the internet daily usage in Portugal almost doubled, while in 2009 only one third of the population in the age ranges of 16 to 74 used the internet, in 2016 more than half of the people used it. Figure 1. presented below shows the evolution of internet daily usage of the Portuguese population, between 2009 and 2016, by sex, age and school attainment. In what regards to sex distribution, the figure shows that women use internet less than men, even though the gender gap has been narrowing along the years. Internet usage of men compared to women varies between 6.0 and 9.0 percentage points from 2009 to 2015, but from 2015 to 2016 it decreases from 7.0 to 4.0. Regarding the age distribution of the daily internet usage, the percentage of population aged 65-74 using internet was five times higher in 2016 when compared to 2009, where only 4% of them used internet daily, although in 2016 represents only 20% of this class. People aged 55-64 also show an increase of more than double, going from 14% to 36% during these seven years. Nevertheless, there is still a large gap between the oldest and youngest internet users, in the age groups of 16-24 and 25-34 there is a daily usage of 95% and 89% respectively, percentages which also increased from 2009 to 2016. There is a daily internet usage of 93% for those with higher school attainment, compared to 85% for people who had completed secondary education. It is for the people in the lower formal educational levels that the inequality is more prominent, where the internet usage represents only 39%. Even though people with low school attainment have increased their usage rate since 2009 (18%) there is still a big gap between them and the levels above. If the weekly usage rate is observed, the last referred tendencies continue. In the Figure 2. percentages for every category increase, resulting in almost full internet usage rate for people in 16-24 age range (99%) and 97% for people with higher school attainment. But there are evident differences with regard to people with age 65-74, where only 26% uses internet at least once per week, and for people with lower school attainment, where slightly less than half of the people uses it (49%). Comparing the European Union country members in their daily internet usage according to the school attainment, the Figure 3. shows that Luxemburg and Norway have the higher values of the total internet usage, 93% and 92% respectively, with slight differences between levels of education, meaning a more balanced use of the internet among the different levels of school attainment. In the other hand, Bulgaria, Turkey and Romania show inferior values in their total population internet usage and greater inequalities with regard to school attainment, Turkey being one of the countries with greater differences, 31% of lower school attainment use the internet in a daily basis, compared to 91% of the people with higher school attainment. However, the most unequal country in this matter is Croatia, having a difference of 68 percentage points (from 24% to 92%) between people with the lowest and highest school attainment levels. Regarding the use of internet at least once per week among the EU countries, the Figure 4. Shows an avarage of 79%, with Portugal, Italy and Greece below the media, however it is Bulgaria, Romania and Turkey that show the lowest internet usage rates. As refered earlier, Luxemburg, Norway and Denmark still hold the first places when observed in their weekly internet usage. Updated by: Andrea Oceguera Farías Esta entrada foi publicada em Indicators e marcada Internet usage rate. 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EatDrinkFilms.com Slamdancin' in Park City: Ficks' Top Five Picks—and a Batkid Bonus Posted on February 5, 2015 by Kenn Fong by Jesse Hawthorne Ficks Gabrielle Demeestere's Yosemite (US), based on two short stories written by James Franco, not only fits perfectly alongside last year's Palo Alto by Gia Coppola, but surpasses that film in its subtle portrayal of Northern California youth in the 1980s. Following three young boys—Chris, Joe and Ted—in their day to day confusions, it brought up my own melancholic memories of films like Rob Reiner's Stand By Me (1986) and Francis Ford Coppola's The Outsiders (1983). Director Demeestere brings a beautiful sense of restraint to the storytelling, and eloquently creates a slice of life that I immediately want to experience again. For those of you who continue to struggle with accepting James Franco as a genuine artistic treasure, take a chance with Yosemite . It's a film that will sneak up on you. Ben Patterson's Sweet Micky for President (US/Haiti/Canada) swept both the Audience Award and the Jury Award for Best Documentary Feature. The unbelievable story of Haitian pop star Michel Martelly running for presidency in 2010 is chock-full of extraordinary in-the-moment footage from beginning to end. Making time for an intriguing personal feud between the Fugees' Wyclef Jean and Pras Michel (with even Sean Penn and Bill Clinton getting caught up in the mix), this gripping doc should have immense crossover appeal to all kinds of audiences. Ironically, for me it even rustled up an unlikely comparison to Woody Allen's slapstick satire Bananas (1971). When it's screened here in the Bay Area, perhaps a panel discussion can take on the problematic complexities of this surreal story. Winner of the top Jury Award for Best Narrative Feature, Britni West's Tired Moonlight (US) is a spectacle beyond belief. This atmospheric excursion into Kalispell, Montana (filmed on luscious Super 16mm Kodak stock) allows characters to weave in and out of moments that bring to light the happy accidents of growing up in rural America—Harmony Korine's Gummo (1997) and David Gordon Green's George Washington (2000) are likely comparisons. West has directed (and written and edited) a stunning debut feature that should be remembered later this year at the Independent Spirit Awards. With mumblecore actor Alex Karpovsky popping up every so often on screen, perhaps a wider audience will find this American treasure. Either way, it's easily one of the best independent films of 2015. Go see it at the Roxie on February 6 or 9 as part of SF Indiefest. Patrick Ryan's Darkness on the Edge of Town (US) sported some of the most striking cinematography, by Tommy Fitzgerald, at Park City this year. This self-proclaimed neo-noir western most definitely emphasizes that style is the substance. The murder of Cleo's sister is revealed to the audience in the film's first moments, enabling our journey with Cleo to become an inevitable descent. These two technicians—Ryan and Fitzgerald—have an eye for cinema, and this debut feature has me chomping at the bit for their follow-up, Black River . SF Indiefest is screening Darkness on the Edge of Town at the Roxie on February 8 and 9. You have to root for the offbeat audacity of Jiyoung Lee's Female Pervert (US). Jennifer Kim's deadpan performance as Phoebe, the female pervert, should inspire a spin-off web series. The film itself is a series of clunky, awkward, and even raunchy would-be one-night stands that may hit "too close to home" for many. There are moments of true genius (Murakami book club arguments; the presentation on how corporate companies distract millennials), and Lee has hit upon something. 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coleptic laptop viewing. Steven Richtar's Birds of Neptune (US) follows a pair of sisters in a Portland, Oregon suburb as they attempt to get through their fragile nights and days. One makes fuzzed-out experimental music in her room, while the other has discovered burlesque dancing. As hypnotized boys begin to hover around their haunted house, this slow-burning delight gradually reveals an Oregon culture that isn't as cliché as some TV shows make it out to be. In fact, it's quite terrifying. Director Steven Richtar is someone to keep an eye on, and an ear out for—his movie sports what was easily one of the best soundtracks in Park City this year, by Erik Blood and Kevin O'Connor (Talkdemonic). On the first day of the 21st Annual Slamdance Film Festival, Julia Roberts announced that she'll be adapting—producing and starring in—a dramatic version of Dana Nachman's crowd-pleasing documentary Batkid Begins: The Wish Around the World (US). This type of high-profile buzz is exactly what Slamdance deserves after more than two decades of offering truly independent cinema at the top of Park City's main street. Nachman's doc delivers all the expected goods for anyone who didn't live in the Bay Area last year when all of SF went viral, transforming itself into one child's ultimate Make-a-Wish request. The 87-minute film uncovers how the story reached nearly a billion people worldwide, though it only slightly addresses the dilemma that it was arguably being dismissed as an All-American "Bratkid" phenomenon. (Impressively, one couple donated more than $100K for all of the day's expenditures.) I do look forward to seeing the Hollywood version of this Y2Teens extravaganza. Another crowd-pleaser this year was Gary Walkow's emotional rollercoaster The Trouble with Dot & Harry (US). Walkow won the Grand Prize Award at the Sundance Film Festival in 1987 with The Trouble With Dick (US). Sadly, the distributor went bankrupt, leaving Walkow's debut without an outlet or audience for years. (You can watch it on Vimeo here!) Now, close to thirty years later, he has returned, casting his two young daughters as the leads in something akin to Michael Winterbottom's The Trip (2010). As their grumpy middle-aged babysitter journeys them across England tasting the best coffee in the land, these precocious kids will truly melt your selfish, egotistical heart, in the type of film that used to define Sundance. Thank goodness Slamdance is here to pick up the ball. TOP FIVE FICKS' PICKS AT THE 21ST ANNUAL SLAMDANCE Tired Moonlight (Britni West, US) Yosemite (Gabrielle Demeestere, US) The Trouble with Dot & Harry (Gary Walkow, US) Birds of Neptune (Steven Richtar, US) Darkness on the End of Town (Patrick Ryan, US) Jesse Hawthorne Ficks is the Film History Coordinator at the Academy of Art University and curator/host of MiDNiTES FOR MANiACS, a film series at the Castro Theatre which showcases underrated, overlooked and dismissed cinema in a neo-sincere manner. You can read Ficks' picks from this year's Sundance Film Festival at Fandor. This entry was posted in Films and tagged Birds of Neptune, Darkness on the End of Town, Jesse Hawthorne Ficks, Slamdance, The Trouble With Dot & Harry, Tired Moonlight, Yosemite. Bookmark the permalink. ← The Power of Suggestion – JÜCE EatDrinkFilms at SF IndieFest → Subscribe to EatDrinkFilms Follow us on Facebook, Twitter, Instagram, & Pinterest View eatdrinkfilms's profile on Facebook View eatdrinkfilms's profile on Twitter View eatdrinkfilmsmag's profile on Instagram View eatdrinkfilmsso's profile on P	1.159176	0.112073	-0.424762	-0.67402	[ 1.301622159009308, 1.0167296697775658 ]	[ 0.3202337022055529, -0.09608744294895664 ]	[ -0.2139374330389211, -0.6355875035090558 ]	[ -0.5485038219161722, -0.7995360528025756 ]	1,024	[ 512, 512 ]	[ 10936, 23000, 19022, 1776, 292, 29889, 13, 7789, 854, 390, 1428, 279, 29915, 29879, 17777, 29879, 310, 2448, 415, 1540, 313, 3308, 29897, 4477, 263, 5101, 310, 9883, 29879, 297, 263, 3371, 1049, 29892, 25203, 1014, 9265, 408, 896, 4218, 304, 679, 1549, 1009, 13855, 488, 4646, 29879, 322, 3841, 29889, 3118, 3732, 285, 18813, 287, 29899, 449, 17986, 4696, 297, 902, 5716, 29892, 1550, 278, 916, 756, 10943, 6866, 793, 802, 6025, 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So Old It's New So Old It's New set list for Monday, December 20, 2021 – on air 8-10 pm ET December 20, 2021 Karlo Berkovich Leave a comment Jethro Tull, To Cry You A Song . . . I always listen to music in the gym but been using my workout time lately to dig back into and savor many of my favorite albums, particularly ones I haven't listened to in a while, because I think what often happens is, for me at least, is you know an album so well that it's as if you don't need to play it because you know it in your mind. But then you actually do play it again and you think, wow, is this ever good. Like Tull's third album, Benefit, from which this song comes. As always, credit to my late older brother for introducing me to Tull all those years ago. R.E.M., Oh, My Heart . . . Beautiful song from the band's final album, 2011's Collapse Into Now. It's worth reading the Wikipedia entry about the album, which details how the group, which was on the down slope of commercial success, came to the decision to disband and it wasn't just due to sales. And, also, how they developed the album as they accepted that times had changed concepts of what an 'album' meant. To pull a bit from Wikipedia, the group did videos for each song on the album, not just the singles,of which Oh, My Heart was the fourth. Lead singer Michael Stipe: "The idea was to present a 21st-century version of an album. What does an album mean in the year 2011, particularly to generations of people for whom the word 'album' is an archaic term? An album for me as a teenager in the '70s was a fully-formed concept. It was a body of work from an artist I liked or trusted or who excited me. I wanted to present an idea of what an album could be in the era of YouTube and the internet. This is what we do. We put together and sequenced the strongest body of work we could possibly come up with at this moment in time and put it onto this record." I love listening to creative people discuss their work, whoever it is because, while I like them, I'm not even a massive R.E.M. fan. George Harrison, I Dig Love . . . Same thing here as with my comments re the Jethro Tull song/album I started today's show with. I hadn't listened to Harrison's All Things Must Pass in a long time but did so in the gym, over two workouts, last week. It's a sprawling album, of course, three vinyl records in its original configuration as Harrison unleashed his muse after the breakup of The Beatles, using some material that didn't 'make' Beatles' albums, and his records is filled with gems. Like this very interesting, almost experimental/somewhat unconventional track. Very cool. The Beatles, She's Leaving Home . . . Interesting how things change as time offers perspective. I always liked this song, and the whole Sgt. Pepper album, but as time and life experience goes on, it's moved up to become one of my favorites on the album. Same with George Harrison's sitar-laden and ultimately influential Within You Without You on Pepper, which in my youth was a song I skipped – and I wasn't alone – by lifting the needle from the vinyl record (no programming in those days). Tyrannosaurus Rex, By The Light Of A Magical Moon . . . Great jaunty mid-tempo ballad with some nice guitar from 1970's A Beard Of Stars, the last of four studio albums by the Marc Bolan-led band before they shortened their name and continued as T. Rex. The Doors, The Spy . . . Nothing intentional, just developed this way, maybe it's some Freudian sort of thing, who knows, but many of the songs in the set tonight have to do with relationships. Like this one from the bluesy Morrison Hotel album. Johnny Cash, No Expectations . . . 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Watchtower. No Expectations by the man in black isn't as well known, but in 1978 he took the great Rolling Stones' track from 1968's Beggars Banquet and gave it the Cash rockabilly-type treatment. Great stuff. The Rolling Stones, Dance (Pt. 1)/If I Was A Dancer (Dance Pt. 2) . . . And, speaking of the Stones, now for something completely different, from 1980's Emotional Rescue album. Part 1 was the opening cut on the album but Part 2 didn't appear until the 1981 compilation, Sucking In The Seventies. I've slotted them back to back, and thanks to whoever, on YouTube, for connecting the tunes into one 10-minute package that I've used for the usual song clips on my Facebook page. Elvis Presley, Little Sister . . . Always loved this Elvis tune. And, see how it goes from the Stones' Dance to Elvis's Little Sister, a nod to the Stones' Dance Little Sister? Clever, aren't I? Ha. Van Morrison, Precious Time . . . I need to listen to this tune and its lyrics more because I have too many interests, which results in me having difficulty prioritizing, at times. Time is indeed precious, to be used wisely. Delaney and Bonnie (with Eric Clapton), Comin' Home . . . Here's what happens when you dig into a box set you haven't listened to in a while, in this case Clapton's 1988 release Crossroads. You remember this band and this song, a good rocker from the group/then married couple of Delaney and Bonnie Bramlett and friends which at various times featured Clapton, Duane and Gregg Allman, Dave Mason, George Harrison (under the pseudonym L'Angelo Misterioso), Bobby Keys, Gram Parsons, on and on and which led to the formation of . . . Derek and The Dominos, Got To Get Better In A Little While . . . Three members of Delaney Bramlett's band, who had helped Clapton out on his first, self-titled solo album, had a falling out with Bramlett. So, Clapton scooped up keyboardist Bobby Whitlock, bassist Carl Radle and drummer Jim Gordon and the result was Derek and The Dominos. This is an early version, from the Crossroads box and without Whitlock, of a rocker scheduled for what was to be a second Dominos album, after the Layla and Other Assorted Love Songs album. Creedence Clearwater Revival, It's Just A Thought . . . Who says CCR was just a hit singles band? They have many great deep cuts, like this nice groove tune from the Pendulum album. Blackie and The Rodeo Kings, 49 Tons . . . Cool shuffle from the Canadian combo of Stephen Fearing, Colin Linden and Tom Wilson. What began as something of a fun side project by guys with their own gigs – Fearing solo, Linden lots of production work and some solo stuff and Wilson with Junkhouse and assorted other projects – soon became a full-fledged band, and a good one. Rod Stewart, Stone Cold Sober . . . I feel like I've played this one too recently, although I can't find it in 2021 shows but in any event, what the heck. Good, fun rocker from Stewart's 1975 Atlantic Crossing album, his first after he moved to the United States and first without most members of Faces as his backing band for his solo work. The album was the first of a great run in Stewart's second distinct solo period, one that brought him great commercial and critical success up until about 1980, after which he lost the plot, went schlock, and lost me. Joe Jackson, What's The Use Of Getting Sober (When You're Gonna Get Drunk Again) . . . J.J.'s version of a song Louis Jordan took to No. 1 on Billboard's 'race record chart' (really, a 'race' record chart) in 1942. 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Chunbo Ma Associate Professor, MSc PhD Rensselaer Associate Professor, Faculty of Science, UWA School of Agriculture and Environment [email protected] The University of Western Australia (M089), 35 Stirling Highway, Room G027, Agriculture North West Wing, Perth campus I studied Economics at Nankai University in China and then worked in the Agricultural Bank of China for three years. I completed a master with a major in Environmental Economics, Values and Policy in 2003 and a PhD in Ecological Economics in 2007 both at Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute in the US. Ministry of Education of the PRC Key Grant, Studies of urban and rural land market in China, (Leading CI: Anlu Zhang; co-CI: Michael Burton and Ben White), RMB 800,000, 2014. NSFC General Program Grant (NSFC 71373078), Non-market valuation of environmental externalities in power generation sector and policy models of promoting energy saving and emission mitigation, Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) (Leading CI: X.L. Zhao, North China Electric Power University), RMB 570, 000, 2013. Research Collaboration Award, University of Western Australia, Modelling Productivity Performance of China's Coal-Fired Power Generation, (with North China Electric Power University), $A 10, 000, 2013. Discovery Early Career Researcher Award, Australian Reseach Council, Social Learning:The Diffusion of Residential Rooftop Photovoltaic Panels in Australia, A$372,000(2013-2015) ECR Fellowship Support Grant, University of Western Australia, Solar Panel Diffusion in Australia, A$30,000(2013-2015) Discovery Project (DP120101088), Australian Research Council, Energy Transitions: Past, Present and Future, David I. Stern, ANU; Chunbo Ma, UWA; Jack Pezzey, ANU and Astrid Kander, Lund U., $A240,000 (2012-2014). Research Development Award, University of Western Australia, The Diffusion of Household Rooftop Photovoltaic Systems in Western Australia, Chunbo Ma and Michael Burton, AU$9,300 (2011) Research Development Award, University of Western Australia, Preferences and Willingness-to-pay for Green Power in Western Australia, Chunbo Ma and Michael Burton, AU$20,700 (2010) Research Collaboration Award, University of Western Australia, Who lives on the wrong side of the environmental track? – modeling the distribution of industrial pollution exposure among communities in China, Chunbo Ma, UWA and Qingyu Zhang, Zhejiang University, AU$5,000 (2009) Alcoa Foundation Fellowship, University of Michigan, Renewable Portfolio Standards (RPS) and electric utility reforms in China, US$100,000 (2007-2009) Center for the Applied Studies of Economics and the Environment (CASEE) Research Award, International Rivers Network, Sustainability of World Bank's energy portfolio and UNEP-DDP Compendium, US$5,000 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007-2009 Research Consultant, International Rivers Network, US, 2006 Research Assistant, Department of Economics, School of Humanities, Arts and Social Sciences, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, US, 2003-2005 Teaching Assistant, Department of Economics, School of Humanities, Arts and Social Sciences, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, US, 2002-2003 Teaching overview ECON 5003, Fundamental Microeconomics for Agriculture & Policy (Sem2) ECON 5004, Microeconometric Models for Agriculture & Natural Resources (Sem1) Past Teaching ECON 1120, Environmental Economics (Sem 1) ECON 3323, Business and the Environment ECON 4410, Environmental and Resource Economics Energy/Resource/Environmental Economic; Agricutlural Economics; Productivity and Efficiency Analysis; Non-market Valuation; Chinese Economy Ecological Economics, PhD, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute Sep 2003 → Aug 2007 Environmental Economics, Values and Policy, MSc., Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute Aug 2002 → May 2003 Environmental economics and policy Economics of renewable energy Productivity and efficiency analysis Fingerprint Dive into the research topics where Chunbo Ma is active. These topic labels come from the works of this person. Together they form a unique fingerprint. ecological economics Earth & Environmental Sciences Economics Engineering & Materials Science Decomposition Engineering & Materials Science Costs Engineering & Materials Science Carbon Engineering & Materials Science environmental economics Earth & Environmental Sciences Cooking Engineering & Materials Science carbon emission Earth & Environmental Sciences A critical review of distance function based economic research on China's marginal abatement cost of carbon dioxide emissions Ma, C., Hailu, A. & You, C., 1 Oct 2019, In : Energy Economics. 84, 104533. Does carbon farming provide a cost-effective option to mitigate GHG emissions? Evidence from China Tang, K., He, C., Ma, C. & Wang, D., 1 Jul 2019, In : Australian Journal of Agricultural and Resource Economics. 63, 3, p. 575-592 18 p. Impact of climate smart agriculture (CSA) through sustainable irrigation management on Resource use efficiency: A sustainable production alternative for cotton Imran, M. A., Ali, A., Ashfaq, M., Hassan, S., Culas, R. & Ma, C., 1 Nov 2019, In : Land Use Policy. 88, 104113. conversion of production resource use The Convergence of China's Marginal Abatement Cost of CO2: An Emission-Weighted Continuous State Space Approach Wu, J. & Ma, C., Apr 2019, In : Environmental and Resource Economics. 72, 4, p. 1099-1119 21 p. abatement cost State space Marginal abatement costs The static and dynamic heterogeneity and determinants of marginal abatement cost of CO 2 emissions in Chinese cities Wu, J., Ma, C. & Tang, K., 1 Jul 2019, In : Energy. 178, p. 685-694 10 p. Dynamic analysis Modelling productivity peformance of China's coal-fired electricity generation Ma, C. & Zhao, X. Australia-China emerging future leaders in low emissions coal technology fellowship Ma, C. Australian Academy of Technological Sciences & Engineering ATSE Social Learning: The Diffusion of Residential Rooftop Photovoltaic Panels in Australia Social Learning - The Diffusion of Residential Rooftop Photovoltaaic Panels in Australia A Sunrise Industry? 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Christ Church Kilmore closed it's doors to worshippers on New Years Day for a long awaited major renovation project. It is expected the church will be closed for approximately 12 weeks and hopefully will reopen in time for Easter. Christ Church is said to be the oldest inland church in Victoria. On 19th November, 1857, the first stone of the church was laid by Bishop Charles Perry. By January 1861 the first service was held in Christ Church. There had been 3 architects: Perrot, Kingk and Fleury in succession, but despite many set-backs Christ Church, Kilmore was completed (except for the Bell Tower) in 1864. The renovation works will include repairing damage to flooring and walls, as well as painting and restoring, re-carpeting, heating and cooling, and a new entrance way. Renovation work started on January 2nd with first the church being completely gutted of furniture and chattels, followed by the carpet being removed and some floor boards seeing the light of day for the first time in decades. This page will include weekly photographic updates on the progress of the project. Sunday January 1st was the final service in Christ Church before a team of parishioners set to work the following day to empty the church in readiness for the builders to move in for the long awaited renovations. January 3rd saw the church gutted and under the watchful eye of Project Manager Ian Staring, the work began. First job was to lift the floorboard to check the foundations. Unfortunately some of the bearers were found to be damaged by borers and damp. This needed to be rectified before the flooring was strong enough to bring in the scaffolding to begin the work. Week two saw the Sunday worship start in the Senior Citizens Rooms in Kilmore; the floor boards being taken up; rotten bearers being removed; Pest Control called in; Castin Reinforcing Plates being made; and some "treasurers" (165 year old nails) being found. Week three saw us already behind schedule due to the unforeseen damage being found under the floorboards, but work progressed with the Castin Reinforcing Plates being concreted into the ground to support the new galvanised steel bearers. The scaffolding arrived in week 4 and more steel bearers replaced the last of the rotting ones. Week 5 saw the old floor boards being covered over to make a completely flat working space for the carpet (the original floor boards being slightly warped and not suitable for covering by carpet squares). "Observation holes" were created for future pest control and to allow us to see what is happening under the floorboards without having to remove the flooring. More electrical work was completed; and the sanctuary floor was strengthened. Week 6 saw work begin on the top part of the church. A start was made on sealing the ceiling and the woodwork re-stained. The chapel (old sanctuary) was prepared for the laying of the steel bearers. In week 7 the painting of the walls was started and more work on the ceiling. The 'Flower Vestry' had the cupboards removed and unfortunately more damage was found behind and under them due to dampness being trapped and no air circulating behind them. This room will now need to be re-rendered. This will wait until after the main body of the church has been completed to keep the project on track. Week 8 and the painting continued on the rendered walls. The ceiling work was ongoing, and the chapel flooring strengthened. Week 9 and the chapel walls were patched and repaired in readiness for the painting; the final work on the chapel flooring; lighting going in and the 'arched' wall being painted, and the feature blocks at the end of the church being painted brown to highlight them. The main part of Week 10 was the working bee at Christ Church. While we still had the scissor lift in the building, this was the ideal time to give the windows a much needed clean. The floors were also swept and vacuumed to within an inch of its life. This was needed in preparation of the carpet going down. As with most of the work over the last ten weeks, we once again came across some more damage. This time to one of the stained glass windows which was starting to come away from the frame work. 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Oprah's Biggest Moments Published at 7:36 am on April 5, 2011 She's a force of nature and about to leave daytime TV. We take a look at key moments in Oprah's decades-long career. Harpo Productions Talk show queen Oprah Winfrey has signed off for good. Among the top "Oprah" moments from the past 25 years: Tom Cruise bouncing on Winfrey's couch to proclaim his love for Katie Holmes in 2005. Check out more surprises, scandals and milestones in Oprah's career. Tom Cruise returned to the show Tuesday night for a star-studded double-taping of "Surprise Oprah! A Farewell Spectacular" in Chicago's United Center. The shows will air May 23 and May 24 and ahead of Winfrey's final show. Madonna and Beyonce also stopped by. Oprah earned both Academy Award and Golden Globe nominations for best supporting actress for her performance in "The Color Purple." The 1986 film, adapted from Alice Walker's 1982 novel of the same name, ran as a Broadway musical from late 2005 to early 2008. In 1988, Oprah wiggled her way into size 10 jeans and dragged a red wagon holding 67 pounds of fat on stage. It represented the weight she lost on a four-month-long liquid diet. She put weight back on as soon as she started eating again, and told "Good Morning America" the wagon bit was "an iconic mistake." WireImage/Getty Images In 1988, Oprah interviewed Elizabeth Taylor. Before the interview, the seven-times-married Taylor asked that Oprah not ask anything about her love life. To try to break the tension, Oprah teased, "I declare, you've got to stop talking so much, Ms. Taylor!" Here they are in 2002, looking slightly more friendly. In 1993, Michael Jackson welcomed Oprah to the Neverland Ranch for his first interview in 14 years. It became known as the "definitive Michael Jackson interview," where Jackson revealed intimate details about his skin color, plastic surgery, relationships and love for children. Oprah showed considerable relief after a jury ruled in her favor following a two-month-long defamation trial of the Texas beef industry, claiming it cost them millions of dollars. Oprah had said a guest's account of cattle being fed to other cattle as feed "just stopped me cold from eating another burger." Mary Tyler Moore - one of Oprah's early role models -- surprised Ms. O with a live call to the show in 1997. Oprah was stunned when Moore walked on stage. "I am still in awe of a woman whose life is an example of grace and sensitivity," Oprah wrote on her website. Dr. Phil first appeared on "Oprah" in the last '90s. Viewers liked him so much that he appeared every week as a "relationship and life-strategy expert." He got his own show in 2002. Oprah's Book Club began in 1996 and turned obscure titles into overnight bestsellers. Authors and publishers rejoiced ... ... with the exception of Jonathan Franzen. When his novel "The Corrections" was selected for the Book Club, Franzen called many of her selections "schmaltzy" and "one-dimensional," and said he wanted to attract a more male audience. His book was promptly kicked out of the club. The author and the interviewer buried the hatchet in September 2010, when Franzen's book "Freedom" became a Book Club pick. After it was revealed in 2006 that Book Club author James Frey invented and embellished parts of his so-called memoir, "A Million Little Pieces," Oprah confronted him on the air. "I feel duped," she said. "But more importantly, I feel that you betrayed millions of readers." Frey's career has since recovered, but he lost a book deal in the aftermath. FilmMagic/Getty Images Oprah also made Dr. Mehmet Oz a star. 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on the show in 2004. Food guru Rachael Ray's career got a jump start from Oprah. Her own daytime show premiered in 2006. One of Oprah's "favorite spiritual teachers" was a boy with muscular dystrophy. Mattie Stepanek published five books of poetry and advocated for peace. In a 2000 appearance on the show he shared his personal philosophy: "Play after every storm." Stepanek passed away in 2004 at age 14. Here he is with his mother Jeni Stepanek. Legendary actor Sidney Poitier visited Oprah's show in 2000, after his autobiography was published. Oprah said she broke down in tears after her interview with him. "I had watched Sidney Poitier win the Academy Award as a 10-year-old girl. I remember thinking that if he could do that, I wonder what I could do," she wrote on her website. Tina Turner and Oprah Winfrey boogie at the 2000 launch party for "O, The Oprah Magazine." Oprah said she had always dreamed of singing onstage with the famously coiffed singer. The thing about "O: The Oprah Magazine" is that Oprah is on every single cover. She's shared the front page twice since it's launch in 2000: once with Ellen DeGeneres and once with Michelle Obama. Here's the September 2001 cover. Every audience member at a September 2004 show went home with a free Pontiac G6. Oprah said the spectators were selected because each person needed a car. EMTs were standing by in case anyone had heart problems, Oprah said on her website. Here's Oprah at the opening ceremony of her $40 million Leadership Academy for Girls School outside Johannesburg, South Africa. The school was rocked by a sex scandal shortly after it opened in 2007. A woman working at the school was charged with sexual assault and later cleared of all charges. Oprah said she was "profoundly disappointed" by the trial's outcome. In 2008, Oprah produced "The Secret Life of Bees," based on Sue Monk Kidd's novel. The film is set in South Carolina in 1964 and features Queen Latifah, Alicia Keys and Dakota Fanning. Suze Orman first showed up on "Oprah" as a personal finance expert, offering advice on debt, marriage and planning. On one February 2008 show, she gave away a million electronic copies of her book "Woman and Money." Here she is with Oprah and Whoopi Goldberg. Mackenzie Phillips, daughter of the Mamas & the Papas' singer Jon Phillips, appeared on Oprah in 2009 and spoke for the first time about her cocaine-fueled, incestuous relationship with her father. Her book, "High on Arrival," describes her struggle with drug abuse and her 10-year-long sexual relationship with her father. In May 2009, Oprah teamed up with KFC to promote their new grilled chicken. She said anyone could print a free coupon and get two pieces of chicken, two sides and a biscuit for free. Turns out she underestimated the people's desire for free fast food. Some locations turned people away because they didn't have enough to go around. Oprah was an executive producer of "Precious," a brutal drama about abuse and poverty. Here she is with executive producer Tyler Perry and Oscar-nominated star Gabourey Sidibe at the 2009 Toronto Film Festival. "None of us who sees the movie can now walk through the world and allow the Preciouses of the world to be invisible," Winfrey told reporters there. The guest list for the final show is being kept a secret, even from Oprah herself. In December 2010, Aussie Hugh Jackman flew down a zip-line cable, colliding with a lighting rig and injuring his right eye. Jackman emerged with a smile, and Oprah offered him a hug and a glass of wine for his trouble. Lady Gaga tried to turn Oprah into one of her little monsters in a January 2010 appearance on Oprah's show. President George W. 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Elizabeth was born in 1533 into a time of political and royal drama. She was the daughter of King Henry VIII of England and his second wife, Anne Boleyn. Henry believed that only a man could rule a nation, and dramatically divorced his first wife, Catherine of Aragon, with whom he had a daughter but no sons, so he could marry Anne. When Anne's baby turned out to be a girl too, Henry was disappointed. Elizabeth as a young woman. Henry quickly found another new bride, Jane Seymour, and had Anne Boleyn executed as a traitor. But Jane soon died giving birth to Elizabeth's younger brother, Edward. Elizabeth's father next married Anne of Cleves, whom he divorced almost immediately. He then married his fifth wife, Catherine Howard, Anne Boleyn's cousin. She too was executed by the impatient king, who finally married Katherine Parr before he died himself. Elizabeth was thirteen, and Edward just nine when he took the throne. Young Elizabeth watched all of this from afar and clearly learned her lesson: marriage was a dangerous thing for a woman. She was determined not to be ruled by any man in case she ended up like her mother and stepmothers-set aside, forgotten, or even killed. Luckily, her last stepmother, Katherine Parr, was a kind woman who ensured that the young princess was educated just as well as if she had been a prince. When Edward, aged only fifteen, became ill and died, Elizabeth's older sister, Mary, took the throne. Mary was a devout Catholic and Elizabeth was a Protestant, and because of this Mary declared Elizabeth to be her enemy, locking her up in the Tower of London. Elizabeth's portrait on a coin. When Mary died, Elizabeth inherited the throne at the age of twenty-five. Being queen of England was a tough job: England was poor, and fighting between Catholics and Protestants meant it was deeply divided. Elizabeth quickly made England a Protestant nation once more, but unlike her sister before her, she allowed her subjects to practice their own faiths quietly. Hatfield House in England, where Elizabeth learned she was to be queen of England. With a new queen on the throne, suitors appeared from all over Europe. But only one man came close to capturing Elizabeth's heart: Robert Dudley, Earl of Leicester. However, she was determined not to marry, even for love. Although Parliament refused to give her the money she needed to rule unless she married, she resisted: she would rule England alone. Under Elizabeth, English culture flourished and William Shakespeare's plays started a golden age of literature. She also looked beyond English borders, sending Francis Drake to sail around the globe. In America, her knight Sir Walter Raleigh started a colony named Virginia, after the unmarried "Virgin Queen." An empire had begun, and soon money and goods from the new colonies came pouring in to the royal treasury. Elizabeth's position was not always safe. There were many plots to overthrow her, including one involving her cousin, Mary Queen of Scots. After Elizabeth had Mary executed for treason, Mary's supporter, Philip II of Spain, sent a huge fleet of ships to invade England, known as the Spanish Armada. But Elizabeth's own fleet-helped by strong winds-pushed them back, and England was safe again. Elizabeth ruled for forty-five years. Many people believe that she was the greatest monarch ever to rule England. Where there had been violence and poverty, she created peace and prosperity. She sponsored the arts and the exploration of the New World, starting an empire that would last for hundreds of years. And she did all of this on her own, resisting a marriage that might have made it harder for her to rule in her own right. Elizabeth's unique signature. The "R" stands for Regina, which is the Latin word for queen. Katherine Halligan grew up near the beach in California with her nose in a book and her toes in the sand. She studied arts, literature, history, and languages, travelling and living all over the world. Her love of words and pictures led her to work as a publisher, writing over 100 books for children along the way. She lives—once again—near the beaches in California with her husband and their two daughters. Sarah Walsh grew up in upstate New York. When she was young she was obsessed with animals. 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I have been on a mission to visit all the historical sites in Kenya. I'm not doing too badly so far but I could definitely do better. I was in the Kenyan Coast in December and on my to-do list was to visit the Jumba la Mtwana ruins. Jumba la Mtwana is a picturesque ancient ruins village situated in Kilifi County. The site lies 15 kilometres north of Mombasa, 4 kilometres from the Mombasa-Malindi road and extends along the shore for a distance of about 300 meters and 250 meters inland. It is pretty easy to access the ruins via public transport. You simply board a matatu heading to Mtwapa and get off at the last stop. We decided to stop by the supermarket to pick up some snacks and cold drinks. You can walk to the ruins (if you don't mind the 4km distance) but we decided to take a bodaboda (a motorcycle taxi). The journey by bodaboda took us 8 minutes. There are no signs on the road, at all – the National Museums of Kenya need to style up. The only sign is at the entrance of the ruins. Fortunately the route to the ruins is pretty straightforward and unless your sense of direction is as bad as mine, chances of getting lost are minimal. We walked to the office and bought our tickets. They cost only 100 bob ($1). We then asked for a guide and were told that they usually don't have one on Sundays. I was a bit bummed out but on the plus side we'd get to make up our own story. I would definitely love to go back and have a guide show me around. Most of the information about the ruins I got from the National Museums of Kenya website. There is a museum on site but hardly any information about the ruins in the museum. However, you do get to learn quite a bit about the Swahili culture and about other historical sites in East Africa. Once we were done with the museum we then went off to view the ruins. The ruins were much larger than I expected. Jumba la Mtwana is Swahili for "the large house of the slave". From the name I had assumed it would be one large house. There is one main paved path that leads from the museum all the way to the beach. Feel free to wander from the path so as to properly explore the ruins. The ruins are generally a very pleasant place to visit even if you have no interest in history. After walking around for a bit I started to feel like I was in a different time and age. The ruins are surrounded by trees which were gently swaying in the wind.It was such a welcome relief to have a break from the sweltering heat. Within this area four mosques, a tomb and four houses have survived in recognizable condition. These houses include the House of the Cylinder, The House of the Kitchen, The House of the Many Pools, which had three phases, and the Great Mosque. The largest of the mosques faces the ocean. The town had been built in the fourteenth century but abandoned early in the fifteenth century. The dating is based on the presence of a few shards of early blue and white Chinese porcelain. After exploring the ruins we decided to take a walk on the beach. Next time I visit the ruins I am definitely carrying a picnic basket. There is a restaurant by the beach if you want to have a meal but I think having a picnic is so much better and cheaper. There is a grassy spot right underneath the palm trees that is the perfect spot to picnic. You can also swim since the beach is right there. It is best to wait when the tide is coming in, that way you can stick to the sandy shallows and avoid stepping on the coral. For more detailed descriptions of the ruins you can read more here. Linked to Noel Morata's Travel Photo Mondays. What a beautiful site to visit! That mosque looks like it would've made for a beautiful spot to worship. That beach looks like the kind of place I could just lounge at all day! I have never heard of the place, thanks for highlighting the destination. Love the info of the baobab tree, I only learnt recently that the mabuyu come from the baobab tree. 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It's a love-fest! To the surprise of… exactly who? Trump's meeting with top tech execs confirms a simple truth: All their ships are sailing in the same direction. For a guy who built his electoral coalition on a foundation of fiery populist rhetoric and anti-establishment bromides, Donald Trump's presidential transition has been heavy on elites. He's selected a Cabinet whose aggregate wealth is greater than that of the bottom third of Americans households — 17 people of the people (out of 23 positions to be filled) who have more money than 43 million families. He's also welcomed a cross-section of opinion leaders to the gilded Trump Tower, including rappers, boxers, former NFL stars, NFL owners, fashion icons, environmental activists/screen idols, and environmental activists/vanquished presidential candidates. Around these parts, though, the most conspicuous gathering of ring-kissers has to be President-elect The Donald's December 14 summoning of tech industry leaders to his Fifth Avenue skyscraper. and Tesla Motors Inc. (TSLA) and SpaceX founder and CEO Elon Musk. Apparently — and ironically, given the president-elect's well-known penchant for dashing off 140 characters of pure impulse — Twitter Inc. (TWTR) and CEO Jack Dorsey were "too small" to merit inclusion. Palantir Technologies Inc. CEO Alex Karp, a close associate of Trump tech consigliere Peter Thiel, who set the invite list, was there. Ever-present, of course, are Ivanka Trump and her husband Jared Kushner, as well as sons Donald Trump Jr and Eric Trump. That 12-heavyweight bullet list includes many outspoken critics of candidate Trump, including Bezos, who once said his behavior toward the press on the trail "erodes democracy around the edges" and joked about sending him to space. But now all their ships are sailing in the same direction. So I want to add that I'm here to help you folks do well. And you're doing well right now, and I'm honored by the bounce. They're all talking about the bounce, so right now everybody in this room has to like me at least a little bit, but we're going to try and have that bounce continue, and perhaps even more importantly, we want you to keep going with the incredible innovation. There's nobody like you in the world. In the world, there's nobody like the people in this room. And anything we can do to help this go along, and we're going to be there for you and you'll call my people, you'll call me, it doesn't make any difference, we have no formal chain of command around here. It's a rapprochement remarkably stunning and, at the same time, entirely predictable. Silicon Valley had little love for Trump. Actually, Silicon Valley's rank and file probably still have little love for Trump. But Silicon Valley's elite corporate officers recognize — as does the small-government-low-tax-no-regulation libertarian Thiel, who founded Palantir as well as PayPal Inc. — some long-term upside potential in the Trump era. It's as simple, too, as Apple's Cook put it in an explanation to his employees, of not wanting to be left behind. Personally, I've never found being on the sideline a successful place to be… The way that you influence these issues is to be in the arena. So whether it's in this country, or the European Union, or in China or South America, we engage. And we engage when we agree and we engage when we disagree. I think it's very important to do that because you don't change things by just yelling. You change things by showing everyone why your way is the best. In many ways, it's a debate of ideas. But I think one thing that should be made distinguished here is the media always is taking Trump literally. It never takes him seriously, but it always takes him literally. I think a lot of the voters who vote for Trump take Trump seriously, but not literally. 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Tag: Calgary Wranglers The WHL, Part 5: There was tragedy, lots of movement and marshmallow punches . . . Here is the fifth and final piece on the WHL's first 25 years. The five stories were written in the late 1990s, while I was the sports editor at the Regina Leader-Post. I had pretty much forgotten about it until recently when I was asked if I might post it again. So I have done just that over the past couple of weeks. . . . As you read each piece, please remember that I wrote them more than 20 years ago and they cover only the league's first 25 years. It isn't an all-encompassing history, but hits on some of the highlights and a few lowlights. . . . The stories are pretty much as originally written. . . . Here, then, is Part 5 of 5. Thanks for reading along. I hope you have enjoyed these stories, and thank you for all of the positive feedback. . . . The fifth five-year segment was easily the best of the WHL's first 25 years. There was success in the stands, particularly in the Pacific Northwest corner of the United States, and in Saskatoon where the Blades welcomed a new facility. There was stability, too. Recent additions, like the Tri-City Americans and Lethbridge Hurricanes, settled in for what appeared to be long stays. But the greatest success came on the ice where the WHL won four Memorial Cup championships during the five seasons, opening with three in a row and closing with a victory by the Spokane Chiefs. The 1986-87 season actually started on something of a strange note. The Regina Pats signed Doug Sauter, who was under contract to the Medicine Hat Tigers, to a two-year deal as general manager/head coach. The result was that the Pats agreed to compensate the Tigers. The compensation turned into two veteran players — defenceman Kevin Ekdahl and forward Kevin Clemens. It was the first time in WHL history that a coach had, in effect, been traded. The Pats also welcomed back another familiar face with Dennis Sobchuk, the greatest and most-popular player in franchise history, signing on as assistant coach/assistant manager. This was a time of great change in the front offices and behind the benches. Barry Trapp left the Moose Jaw Warriors, saying, "I wasn't fired. It was just a mutual agreement. It was a very friendly parting." Medicine Hat signed Bryan Maxwell to replace Sauter, while Peter Esdale was the new coach in Spokane and Wayne Naka took over the Cougars in Victoria. In New Westminster, John Olver was the GM, with Ernie McLean the coach. Harvey Roy was out as the Bruins' director of marketing, but he would surface in Moose Jaw as the GM and would hire Greg Kvisle to coach the Warriors. In Prince Albert, GM/head coach Terry Simpson left to coach the NHL's New York Islanders and Rick Wilson took over. Perhaps the biggest news in the summer of 1986 came on June 2 when the WHL announced it was doing away with round-robin playoff series in the East Division. Instead, the top two teams would get first- round byes. In the WHL office, Richard Doerksen's title was upgraded from executive assistant/referee-in-chief to vice-president. There was trouble in Brandon, where the Bank of Nova Scotia called in a $77,000 demand loan, asking for payment on July 31. This resulted in the Wheat Kings' board recommending to shareholders that the franchise be sold. BOB CORNELL (Photo: Manitoba Hockey Hall of Fame) In August, shareholders voted 1,411-404 in favour of selling the Wheat Kings. Offers were received from two groups — one in Edmonton headed by Vic Mah, the other comprising Brandon businessmen Bob Cornell and Stuart Craig, and Winnipeg businessman Dave Laing. 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of the club, and hired Bill Shinske to run the front office. Shinske hired Marc Pezzin as coach. The WHL also welcomed the Swift Current Broncos to the fold. Behind the bench was Graham James, who had recently reached an out-of-court settlement with the Warriors over a lawsuit he had started the previous year. "If we continue to average close to 2,000, we'll have a real successful year and we'll show a profit of about $80,000," Gary Bollinger, the Broncos' vice-president and alternate governor, said. "That doesn't include playoff revenue. We were budgeting for an average of 1,600. If we averaged that, we'd still make a bit of a profit." The first coaching change of the 1986-87 season took place on Dec. 8 in Seattle when Sheldon Ferguson gave up the Thunderbirds' coaching reins, but stayed on as GM. Dan McDonald was the new head coach, with former Portland Winter Hawks star Jim Dobson as the assistant. When the Swift Current Broncos' bus crashed on Dec. 30, 1986, the hockey world lost Chris Mantyka (left), Trent Kresse, Scott Kruger and Brent Ruff. (Photo: Swift Current Broncos) Disaster struck on Dec. 30 when the Broncos, en route to Regina to play the Pats, were involved in a bus accident. Four players — Scott Kruger, Trent Kresse, Brent Ruff and Chris Mantyka — were killed. ED CHYNOWETH "There has never been anything more devastating that has happened to me personally," Ed Chynoweth, the WHL president, said. "The question I keep asking myself is 'Why?' My heart goes out to all the parents and the people involved. I wish someone would call and say this is all a mistake." John Foster, the Broncos' publicity director, said: "This team will band together and win it for those guys who died. The (survivors) were absolutely professional under stress. If the people of Swift Current could have seen them, they would have been proud." There was never any thought of the team not continuing. As team president John Rittinger said: "It's up to the players and the fans now. We aren't ready to throw in the towel." Defenceman Ed Brost, talking about the club's next game, stated: "It will be difficult. To go right back out on the ice would be cheating ourselves emotionally and physically. Right now people have to remember athletes are human beings, not robots." Moose Jaw centre Theoren Fleury was in Czechoslovakia with Canada's national junior team at the time of the accident. "I just can't believe it," Fleury said. "I just sat on the bus all the way to practice today thinking about what's going on with all those guys on that team right now. It just blows me away. I don't know what to say. There's nothing we can do about it and I think being helpless is the most frustrating thing about it." As if losing four players in the accident wasn't enough, Herman Kruger, 67, suffered a fatal heart attack as he entered the church for his great-grandson's funeral. And later the same day, Sauter and Regina trainer Stan Szumlak came to the rescue of Keith Giles, a member of the Prince Albert executive, who was choking on some food. Donations in memory of the players poured into the Broncos' office and an education fund was set up in their memory. Another fund was started to raise money that would go towards the cost of replacing the bus. On Feb. 2, a longtime veteran of the WHL's coaching wars returned for one last fling when John Chapman replaced Wally Kozak behind the bench of the Calgary Wranglers. Chapman also was the Calgary GM. On Feb. 15, Portland won a game in Spokane and Ken Hodge took over as the winningest coach in WHL history. His 547 victories were one more than Ernie McLean. BRAD HORNUNG (Photo: University of Regina) Tragedy struck the WHL again on March 1 when Regina centre Brad Hornung was checked into the end	0.084666	0.932629	-0.339481	-0.600531	[ -0.0064178756845081905, 0.17574895637232696 ]	[ 1.2191292500230317, 0.6461281040039217 ]	[ -0.3204595561050604, -0.35850317148582445 ]	[ -0.491924018581672, -0.7091384359807879 ]	1,024	[ 512, 512 ]	[ 310, 278, 4402, 29892, 322, 298, 2859, 6682, 1383, 1144, 446, 304, 1065, 278, 4565, 8034, 29889, 1383, 1144, 446, 298, 2859, 14440, 3938, 5617, 262, 408, 11182, 29889, 13, 1576, 12317, 29931, 884, 5476, 510, 287, 278, 14156, 9626, 14165, 3944, 304, 278, 900, 29881, 29889, 1522, 16887, 278, 3856, 305, 471, 22196, 5011, 29892, 1058, 750, 10325, 7450, 385, 714, 29899, 974, 29899, 27845, 16493, 411, 278, 3362, 28739, 975, 263, 4307, 29658, 540, 750, 4687, 278, 3517, 1629, 29889, 13, 29908, 3644, 591, 6773, 304, 6588, 3802, 304, 29871, 29906, 29892, 29900, 29900, 29900, 29892, 591, 29915, 645, 505, 263, 1855, 9150, 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boards at the Agridome and suffered a broken neck. Dr. Chris Ekong, a neurosurgeon, said Hornung suffered a burst fracture of the third cervical vertebrae and a crushed spinal cord. "Brad has no feelings in his arms and legs," Dr. Ekong said. "He is completely paralysed from the neck down." Hornung would never regain the use of his arms and legs, but that didn't stop him from going on with his life. As the WHL completed its 25th season, Hornung was continuing with his education, taking courses at the University of Regina. Despite the bus accident, Swift Current made the playoffs in its first season. But there wouldn't be a Cinderella story as the Broncos dropped a best-of-five series to Prince Albert, 3-1. April was highlighted by three coaching changes — Esdale's contract wasn't renewed by Spokane, Kvisle resigned in Moose Jaw and McLean stepped aside in New Westminster. And Medicine Hat won the WHL championship. The Tigers faced elimination twice in each of their last two series, and dumped visiting Portland 7-2 in the seventh game of the championship final. The Tigers would win their first of two consecutive Memorial Cup championships, the first under Maxwell, the second under Barry Melrose. Both came with Russ Farwell as general manager. John Van Horlick took over as coach in New Westminster for 1987-88, with Butch Goring the coach in Spokane. Jim Harrison was the new head coach in Moose Jaw, with Ed Staniowski his assistant. Harrison and Roy, the GM, were friends from their days in Estevan, while Staniowski was a former all-star goaltender with Regina. And the WHL was returning to Lethbridge. The Tier One Junior Hockey Club of Lethbridge purchased the Wranglers for about $350,000 from Brian Ekstrom. The Lethbridge franchise would be called the Hurricanes, causing Lethbridge Herald columnist Pat Sullivan to wonder if the logo would be an overturned mobile home. The sale also meant that there wouldn't be a franchise in the city in which the WHL office was located. But the office wasn't about to be moved. "It was decided that it was certainly the most central location for our league," Chynoweth said. Going into the new season, the WHL passed a rule cracking down on checking from behind. "We do use (NHL) rules and the NHL doesn't have hitting from behind instituted in its rule book," Chynoweth said, "but I predict that within two years the NHL will have the same rule." That is exactly what happened. There was change in the WHL's boardroom, too, as Portland's Brian Shaw stepped down as chairman of the board and was replaced by Saskatoon's Rick Brodsky. On June 5, Swift Current celebrated its first birthday by revealing the franchise was no longer in debt. Rittinger said: "We bought the franchise and we borrowed money to buy the franchise. So we took the season-ticket money to pay the bank loan off. The bank loan is paid off. We don't owe the bank anything. And that's incredible because we just got the franchise last year." Maxwell left Medicine Hat, joining the Los Angeles Kings as an assistant coach. Lethbridge named Glen Hawker as its first GM/head coach. Before the season started, Lethbridge reorganized, with Wayne Simpson taking over as GM. On July 6, Hornung, in his first interview since being injured, told the Regina Leader-Post: "You have to accept it. Life goes on and you do the best with what you have. At first, it was a time of change, shock really, but right now, it's actually gotten easier because you get used to the adjustments. Like everybody else, I have my good days and bad days. But I don't have many bad days." Separate pregame warmups came to the WHL on Sept. 28. With Seattle off to a 2-15-0 start, owner Earl Hale told Ferguson, the GM, to take a leave of absence. On Nov. 16, Ferguson was fired. 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was fired in Lethbridge, where Blaine Galbraith took over. And on Dec. 8, Moose Jaw fired Harrison and hired Gerry James, the only person to have played in a Grey Cup game and Stanley Cup final in the same season. On Feb. 2, Saskatoon beat Regina 7-2 before 3,308 fans in the final game at the Saskatoon Arena. Regina coach Doug Sauter, for one, was glad to see the end of the old barn: "I get screwed every time I come in here and I haven't been kissed yet." One week later, on Feb. 9, Saskatoon beat Brandon 4-3 in front of 9,343 fans at Saskatchewan Place. Chynoweth announced prior to the game that the 1989 Memorial Cup would be played in Saskatoon. On March 11, amidst rumours that the Warriors were on the verge of major financial problems, it was announced that Roy's contract wouldn't be renewed. WHL attendance figures compiled by the Regina Leader-Post showed that Swift Current drew 82,080 fans to 36 home games, which was 99 per cent of capacity. Portland led in total attendance — 200,911. The league drew 1,405,874 fans, an increase of almost 80,000 over the previous season. For the first time in league history, the scoring race ended in a dead heat. Two centres — Fleury and Swift Current's Joe Sakic — finished the regular season with 160 points. Sakic had 78 goals, Fleury 68. But there was nothing in the WHL bylaws to deal with the situation so the scoring race was ruled a tie. JOE CELENTANO The rumours were true — there were financial problems in Moose Jaw. The Warriors began sorting things out by separating the hockey side of things from the business side. With an accumulated debt of $234,000, Joe Celentano, a former referee with basketball's Harlem Globetrotters, was hired as business manager. On April 17, Medicine Hat beat visiting Saskatoon 3-0 to win its third straight East Division title. The only other team to win three consecutive East titles was the Flin Flon Bombers, beginning in 1968-69. On May 3, the Tigers beat visiting Kamloops 5-2 to win their second straight WHL title, this one in six games. The very next day, Bob Vranckaert, who was in the construction business in Alaska, said he would like to put an expansion franchise in Anchorage in time for the 1990-91 season. Born in Drumheller, Alta., and raised in Burnaby, B.C., Vranckaert spent more than 20 years in general commercial construction 800 miles north of Anchorage. The WHL said it would play two exhibition and four regular-season games in Anchorage and use that, plus the 1989 world junior championship, which was to be held in Anchorage, as a barometer. On May 8, the Pats announced that Sauter's contract wouldn't be renewed. A week later, Sauter's old team, the Tigers, beat the Windsor Spitfires 7-6 in Chicoutimi to become the sixth team in the 70-year history of the Memorial Cup to win back-to-back championships. The board in Moose Jaw put H.J. (Toby) Tobias in charge and then resigned en masse. Tobias was empowered to chair a committee whose immediate responsibility was to carry on a fund-raising campaign aimed at erasing the club's debt. The immediate goal was to raise $150,000. Tobias said he would look into the team's accounting procedures, recommend constitutional changes and appoint an auditor to present a year-end statement at the club's annual meeting. "To me it's a four-stage project," Tobias said. "Stage 1: Solve the immediate debt crisis and give us some breathing room. Step 2: Have a look at the front office and see if there are some things we can tighten up. 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Come up with a budget we can live with in years to come. Stage 4: Make sure fund-raising becomes a year-round effort." In mid-May, Pezzin resigned as coach in Brandon. He would be replaced by Sauter, who was reunited with Shinske. The two were old friends, going back to the Estevan and New Westminster Bruins. Sobchuk replaced Sauter in Regina. Celentano resigned in Moose Jaw, saying: "By my staying I become just another liability, one of those accounts payable that they have to make every day, and they don't have the money." On May 31, Tobias announced that the Warriors had reached their goal of $151,800. That figure covered debts accrued up until March 31. Tobias said: "The phoenix has risen from the ashes. The financial health of the club remains fragile . . . but it's business as usual from here on in." Indications were that New Westminster owner Ron Dixon would move the franchise to the Tri-Cities area of Washington State. He just happened to be building an arena, the Tri-Cities Coliseum, there. TIM SPELTZ In July, Farwell and Melrose resigned in Medicine Hat. Shortly after, they signed in Seattle. Wes Phillips was named GM in Medicine Hat and hired Ron Kennedy, a former Estevan player, as coach. Before the season started, Phillips quit, citing business and family pressures, and Tim Speltz replaced him. Peter Anholt was named head coach in Prince Albert, where Wilson quit to join the L.A. Kings as an assistant coach. Brad Tippett was the GM in Prince Albert. The WHL arrived in Anchorage on the weekend of Sept. 24 and 25, 1988. Kamloops and Portland played two exhibition games in Anchorage, drawing 2,100 to the first game and 1,750 the next night. A shakeup occurred in Spokane. It started on Oct. 14 when Spokane GM Bob Strumm acquired six players while giving up four others in trades that involved three other teams. The Chiefs were 1-4-0 and had given up 33 goals in those five games. Twelve days later, with the Chiefs 2-9-0, Strumm relieved Goring of his duties. Strumm, with a three-year contract extension that would take him through the 1991-92 season, went behind the bench, went 2-4-0 and immediately installed Gary Braun as coach. On Nov. 11, Moose Jaw dumped Gerry James and installed Kvisle as head coach/director of hockey operations. Three days later, Regina shook up things. Sobchuk moved from coach to GM, with Bernie Lynch moving up from assistant coach to head coach. It was announced on Nov. 17 that Vranckaert had purchased the Victoria Cougars from Fraser McColl. Ownership actually had changed hands 10 days after the end of the season. "Bob has been after me for a long time," McColl said. "He wants to get into the business with a passion. And, perhaps, that's the type of enthusiasm this team needs right now." On Nov. 20, the Tri-City Americans, having played their first 17 games on the road because the Coliseum wasn't ready, opened at home with a 4-3 overtime victory over Seattle in front of a sellout crowd of 6,004. Swift Current started the season with 12 straight victories, and went into the Christmas break at 28-5-0 and on a 10-game winning streak. Referring to the bus accident of two years previous, James said: "I think the bus accident galvanized the spirit of the community. I think that was a catalyst. Since then we've had to provide a product that's been worthy of fans coming, but I think that incident certainly rallied the community." Added centre Tim Tisdale: "That's all anybody in town talks about. It's hard to believe. You go downtown and you're eating in a restaurant and everybody at the next table is talking about the Broncos. It definitely helps your hockey." 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3, 1989, when Petr Nedved, a centre with a midget team from Litvinov, Czechoslovakia, defected after a midget tournament. His WHL rights belonged to Moose Jaw, but the Warriors would deal them to Seattle. The season wasn't over when Spokane owner Vic Fitzgerald said that Braun wouldn't be returning. On March 14, Chynoweth revealed that the WHL "had an inquiry from Terry Simpson about putting a team in Red Deer. They would have to get a new building." A conditional franchise was sold to Simpson on Aug. 12, 1991. The Rebels would begin play in the fall of 1992. Attendance figures compiled by The Regina Leader-Post showed that attendance was up 232,951 over 1987-88. Most of that was attributable to the first-year Americans who attracted 203,532 fans, which was 156,149 more than they drew the previous season in New Westminster. There was a change in Seattle on April 11 when Medicine Hat businessman Bill Yuill bought the Thunderbirds from Earl Hale of Calgary. The usual spate of front-office changes began in earnest with the news that: 1. Galbraith would not be back in Lethbridge; 2. Al Patterson, who quit in Victoria after the season ended, had signed as Tri-City's GM; 3. Ron Byrne had signed as the GM in Victoria; 4. Sobchuk had resigned as GM in Regina; 5. Shinske had resigned in Brandon; and, 6. Tippett had quit in P.A. Swift Current won 4-1 in Portland on April 30 to sweep the Winter Hawks in the championship final. The Broncos became the first team to sweep its way to the WHL championship — they also got past Moose Jaw and Saskatoon in four games each. The Broncos, just a season and a half after having four players killed in a bus accident, went 55-16-1, the best record in the CHL. "This is a great accomplishment for our franchise," James said. "But I don't want the Memorial Cup to decide if we had a great year." Tisdale added: "We have the team to do it this year. If we can't get up for four games, we don't belong there. I'll be disappointed if we don't win the Memorial Cup." On May 14, Tisdale's goal at 3:25 of the first sudden-death overtime period gave the Broncos a 4-3 victory over Saskatoon in the final game of the Memorial Cup. The game was played in front of 9.078 fans in Saskatchewan Place and brought to an end the most successful Memorial Cup tournament ever played. Shortly after the Memorial Cup, the changes continued: 1. Lynch found out his contract in Regina wouldn't be renewed; 2. Rick Kozuback signed a two-year contract as coach with Tri-City; 3. Simpson returned to Prince Albert as GM/head coach; 4. Bill Hicke was named GM in Regina; 5. Tippett signed as Regina's head coach; 5. Maxwell returned from L.A. to sign as co-coach and director of hockey operations in Spokane; 6. Braun was Spokane's co-coach and assistant director of hockey operations; 7. Melrose left Seattle to become head coach of the AHL's Adirondack Red Wings; 8. Marcel Comeau signed a two-year deal in Saskatoon but shortly after resigned to become head coach of the AHL's New Haven Nighthawks; 9. Anholt quit in P.A. to join Seattle as head coach; 10. Rob Daum signed as assistant coach/assistant manager in P.A.; and, 11. Terry Ruskowski signed to coach the Blades. On June 14, 1989, Moose Jaw, so close to financial ruin just one year earlier, revealed at its annual meeting that there was a paper profit of $119,722 and that the Warriors had about $40,000 in the bank. 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annual meeting, the WHL had two major announcements. It had decided for the first time to use full-time referees. "We're hoping it leads to more consistent, professional refereeing," Regina governor Ted Knight said. By the time all was said and done, the WHL had hired eight full-time and four part-time referees. The WHL also said it would no longer allow teams to list 13-year-old players. From that point on, 14-year-olds would count for two spots on a list, players 15 and older for one. Seattle set a single-game attendance record on Oct. 7 when 12,173 fans showed up to watch the Thunderbirds edge Portland, 4-3. "We could have sold 2,000 more tickets," Seth Landau, the club's director of marketing and public relations, said. "We were sold out the day before the game." The previous attendance record belonged to Portland, which had attracted capacity crowds of 10,437 to Memorial Coliseum on numerous occasions. The first coaching change came on Oct. 15 when Naka resigned in Victoria. Lyle Moffat replaced him. On Nov. 1, Ken Hitchcock, 36 years of age and in the neighbourhood of 400 pounds, went public with the news that he was going on a serious diet. "There comes a time in life when it becomes a case of now or never," said the popular coach of the Kamloops Blazers. "I look down the road four or five years from now, what do I want to be doing? If that's what I have to do to move up the ladder, that's what I have to do." Victoria made another coaching change on Nov. 13 with Garry Cunningham becoming the Cougars' third coach of the season. Moffat stayed on as marketing director. A lawsuit launched by Hornung was settled out of court in November. Thirteen defendants, including the WHL, were named in the suit launched in July of 1987. Details of the settlement weren't made public. At a WHL board of governors' meeting on Nov. 20, the chair switched bodies again. It was a case of deja vu, with Shaw taking over from Brodsky. KELLY McCRIMMON (Photo: Brandon Wheat Kings) On Dec. 17, Sauter was diagnosed with Guillain-Barre Syndrome, a disorder that strikes at the central nervous system. He would not return to coaching until late in the 1990-91 season when he finished the winter with the SJHL's Estevan Bruins. Brandon GM Kelly McCrimmon moved in behind Brandon's bench. There was a player revolt in Tri-City when Dixon named Bill LaForge director of player personnel. LaForge said he had a five-year contract. On Dec. 31, with Portland scheduled to play in Tri-City, the Americans players refused. A statement signed by 19 players read in part: "We will definitely not participate in any further games without the termination of Mr. Bill LaForge from the Americans organization." The players ended their holdout the next day, winning 8-4 in Portland. Dixon had contacted players earlier in the day and said LaForge would no longer have any contact with them. Defenceman Colin Ruck later explained the Tri-City deal: "He came into the dressing room screaming and cutting guys down. To get to us, he said we had to call him Coach. He had (coach) Rick Kozuback picking up pucks during practice. That really upset us. Bill came out and ran a really brutal practice. We felt we had to do something." Byrne was gone as Victoria's GM before January ended, while Cunningham was out as coach on Feb. 5. Moffat went back behind the bench. The Cougars would set a CHL record, losing 29 in a row. On Feb. 7, Seattle centre Glen Goodall had an assist in a 5-3 victory over visiting Tri-City to break the WHL record for most points in a career. That lifted his point total to 530, one more than Craig Endean, who had played with Seattle and Regina. 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WHL single-game attendance record as 12,253 fans watched a 5-3 victory over Spokane. Figures compiled by the Regina Leader-Post showed that attendance totalled 1,678,651, up about 40,000 over the previous season. Tri-City, which sold out every home game, led the way with total attendance of 216,360. Saskatoon, in its first full season in Saskatchewan Place, played in front of 209,542 fans. Seattle, which finished with its best-ever record (52-17-3; the best previous was 32-28-12 in 1977-78), drew 181,211 fans, up 66,189 from a year previous. On March 28, Chynoweth admitted that two groups had applied for an expansion franchise for Tacoma, Wash. The Spokane franchise changed hands on April 10, with Fitzgerald selling to the Brett brothers — Bobby, George and Ken — for more than $600,000. Bob Brett wouldn't say what they paid, other than to say it was "too much." The postseason changes started in April when Speltz and Kennedy learned that Medicine Hat wouldn't renew their contracts, and Rick Hopper was named head coach/director of hockey operations in Victoria. Jack Shupe, the Tigers' first GM/head coach in 1970-71, was the new GM in Medicine Hat. He hired Tim Bothwell as coach. On April 29, Kamloops scored a 6-5 overtime victory in Lethbridge to win the WHL final in five games. Kamloops lost the opener and then won four straight. The Blazers struck out at the Memorial Cup, though, as the Oshawa Generals, with Eric Lindros, won it all in Hamilton. There was much expansion talk in the WHL, resulting in this comment from Brodsky: "It's sort of like being in love. If you have to ask yourself whether you're in love, you're probably not. If we're wondering why we should expand, then maybe we're forcing the issue a bit. If expansion is right, we'll know it." DENNIS BEYAK Farwell left Seattle to become GM of the NHL's Philadelphia Flyers. Anholt added the GM's nameplate to his door, and hired assistant GM Dennis Beyak from Saskatoon. Beyak had been in Saskatoon since 1981 and was the person deemed most responsible for the success of the 1989 Memorial Cup in Saskatoon. Simpson left Prince Albert again, this time to become an assistant coach with the Winnipeg Jets. Daum was promoted to replace him. There were shockwaves in Kamloops when Hitchcock resigned after six seasons with the Blazers. He signed as an assistant coach with Philadelphia. Tom Renney replaced Hitchcock, who left with a 291-125-15 regular-season record over six seasons, his .693 winning percentage the highest of any coach in WHL history. Leaving wasn't easy for Hitchcock, who said: "I got cold feet a couple of times. I almost went into (GM) Bob Brown's office and said, 'Call the whole thing off, I don't want to go.' " On Sept. 30, Chynoweth chatted about expansion: "There are what I like to call tire-kickers in Boise, Idaho; Eugene, Oregon; and, Tacoma, Washington. The WHL is in good shape and we're aggressive to expand by one, possibly two teams in the West Division sometime soon. We are coming off our second record-setting attendance season. We're also proud of the fact that this is the third year in a row we aren't opening a new site. Believe it or not, but we're stable." Bruce Hamilton, a former player and scout with the Blades, headed a group of Saskatoon and Tacoma investors who were eventually granted a franchise for Tacoma to start with the 1991-92 season. On Oct. 30, with the 1990-91 season one month old, one night	-0.230702	1.326567	-0.503663	-0.627195	[ -0.08654388828093568, -0.3748605660851747 ]	[ 1.9926807971488298, 0.6604531326543994 ]	[ -0.5296201831672194, -0.47770649967888507 ]	[ -0.48672127804516624, -0.7676692670164778 ]	1,024	[ 512, 512 ]	[ 12317, 29931, 2323, 29899, 11802, 14333, 749, 2407, 408, 29871, 29896, 29906, 29892, 29906, 29945, 29941, 24909, 20654, 263, 29871, 29945, 29899, 29941, 15354, 975, 1706, 554, 1662, 29889, 13, 13080, 1973, 13126, 491, 278, 28124, 29874, 951, 1664, 29899, 6747, 10018, 393, 14333, 749, 3001, 839, 29871, 29896, 29892, 29953, 29955, 29947, 29892, 29953, 29945, 29896, 29892, 701, 1048, 29871, 29946, 29900, 29892, 29900, 29900, 29900, 975, 278, 3517, 4259, 29889, 8602, 29899, 16885, 29892, 607, 5239, 714, 1432, 3271, 3748, 29892, 5331, 278, 982, 411, 3001, 14333, 749, 310, 29871, 29906, 29896, 29953, 29892, 29941, 29953, 29900, 29889, 317, 1278, 1219, 265, 29892, 297, 967, 937, 2989, 4259, 297, 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before Halloween, James went wild in Swift Current. Upset with referee Kevin Muench after the Broncos turned a 7-3 second-period lead into a 9-8 loss to visiting Medicine Hat, James went on to the ice in pursuit of Muench, then returned to the bench and threw sticks and water bottles onto the ice. James then removed his jacket, tie, shirt and one shoe and threw them onto the ice before his players escorted him to the dressing room. Bothwell summed it up: "All I can say is, 'Wow.' I don't know what words can describe what happened out there, from a lot of different aspects." James was suspended for six games and fined $2,000. "At least they didn't ask me for the shirt off my back," he said. The incident would show up on video on The Tonight Show with Johnny Carson, and the David Letterman Show among others. There was some silliness in Spokane, too. On Dec. 6, with Tri-City visiting Spokane, Maxwell and Americans assistant Gerry Johannson got into it after first period. Here's Maxwell: "He was waiting for me. He was yapping at me. He challenged me and I accepted the challenge." Maxwell was said to have out-punched his opponent, 4-0. Here's Johansson: "He throws punches like marshmallows." Maxwell was suspended for three games and fined $500. Johansson got hit for $1,000 and four games. Remember that $1 parking fee in Regina? Well, on Dec. 17, Regina Exhibition Park announced it was doubling it to $2. "I don't think our fans will take very kindly to it if it does happen," said co-owner/GM Bill Hicke. "If that's the case it'll drive another nail in the coffin." The Pats' lease would expire after the 1990-91 season and Hicke had already made at least one trip into the Pacific Northwest to scout buildings. A change in Prince Albert had Dale Engel move in as GM, with Rob Daum giving up that title but staying on as coach. It was no surprise when Daum left P.A. for Swift Current at season's end. On Feb. 4, Saskatoon fired head coach Terry Ruskowski, replacing him with former Blades defenceman Bob Hoffmeyer. On March 17, Seattle was awarded the 1992 Memorial Cup. The Leader-Post's attendance figures showed that Tri-City, with 36 sellouts, again topped the WHL with 216,360 fans. Seattle was next at 215,248, up 34,037 from the season previous. But overall attendance was down 22,861 to 1,655,790. LORNE FREY On April 17, Marcel Comeau was named the first head coach of the Tacoma Rockets. Hamilton would be the GM, with Lorne Frey, most recently with Swift Current, as director of player personnel. Spokane scored a 7-2 victory over home-town Lethbridge to sweep the WHL final. The Chiefs would go on to win the Memorial Cup, with goaltender Trevor Kidd and right-winger Pat Falloon wrapping up dream seasons. Both played for the Canadian junior team that won the gold medal in Saskatoon. One thing more than any other summed up the WHL as it headed into its second 25 years. When the 1991-92 season opened, the league not only had the same 14 teams for the fourth consecutive season, but it had welcomed the Tacoma Rockets to the fold. Author greggdrinnanPosted on November 28, 2020 Tags Al Patterson, Barry Melrose, Barry Trapp, Bernie Lynch, Bill Hicke, Bill LaForge, Bill Shinske, Bill Yuill, Blaine Galbraith, Bob Brown, Bob Cornell, Bob Hoffmeyer, Bob Strumm, Bob Vranckaert, Bobby Brett, Brad Hornung, Brad Tippett, Brandon Wheat Kings, Brent Ruff, Brian Ekstrom, Brian Shaw, Bruce Hamilton,	-0.618663	0.975604	-1.219557	-0.887983	[ -0.6186627924469541, -0.6186627924469541 ]	[ 0.6318030753534439, 1.319404450576376 ]	[ -1.5835075867464263, -0.8556064124611412 ]	[ -0.9868347121167832, -0.789130571729564 ]	1,024	[ 512, 512 ]	[ 1434, 6573, 4657, 264, 29892, 5011, 3512, 8775, 297, 14156, 9626, 29889, 501, 567, 300, 411, 2143, 23987, 19323, 341, 3837, 305, 1156, 278, 14165, 3944, 6077, 263, 29871, 29955, 29899, 29941, 1473, 29899, 19145, 3275, 964, 263, 29871, 29929, 29899, 29947, 6410, 304, 6493, 292, 27529, 25966, 29892, 5011, 3512, 373, 304, 278, 14890, 297, 12359, 3121, 310, 341, 3837, 305, 29892, 769, 4133, 304, 278, 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Bryan Maxwell, Butch Goring, Calgary Wranglers, Chris Mantyka, Colin Ruck, Craig Endean, Dale Engel, Dan McDonald, Dave Laing, Dennis Beyak, Dennis Sobchuk, Doug Sauter, Dr. Chris Ekong, Earl Hale, Ed Brost, Ed Chynoweth, Ed Staniwoski, Ernie McLean, Fraser McColl, Garry Cunningham, Gary Bollinger, Gary Braun, George Brett, Gerry James, Gerry Johansson, Glen Goodall, Glen Hawker, Graham James, Greg Kvisle, Gregg Drinnan, Harvey Roy, Jack Shupe, Jim Dobson, Jim Harrison, Joe Celentano, John Chapman, John Olver, John Rittinger, John Van Horlick, Kamloops Blazers, Kelly McCrimmon, Ken Brett, Ken Hitchcock, Ken Hodge, Kevin Clemens, Kevin Ekdahl, Kevin Muench, Lethbridge Hurricanes, Lorne Frey, Lyle Moffat, Marc Pezzin, Marcel Comeau, Medicine Hat Tigers, Moose Jaw Warriors, New Westminster Bruins, Pat Falloon, Pat Sullivan, Peter Anholt, Petr Nedved, Portland Winter Hawks, Prince Albert Raiders, Regina Pats, Richard Doerksen, Rick Brodsky, Rick Hopper, Rick Kozuback, Rick Wilson, Rob Daum, Ron Byrne, Ron Dixon, Ron Kennedy, Russ Farwell, Saskatoon Blades, Scott Kruger, Seattle Thunderbirds, Seth Landau, Sheldon Ferguson, Spokane Chiefs, Stan Szumlak, Stuart Craig, Swift Current Broncos, Tacoma Rockets, Ted Knight, Terry Ruskowski, Terry Simpson, Theoren Fleury, Tim Bothwell, Tim Speltz, Tim Tisdale, Toby Tobias, Tom Renney, Trent Kresse, Trevor Kidd, Tri-City Americans, Vic Fitzgerald, Vic Mah, Victoria Cougars, Wally Kozak, Wayne Simpson, Wes Phillips, WHL, WHL historyLeave a comment on The WHL, Part 5: There was tragedy, lots of movement and marshmallow punches . . . The WHL, Part 3: Bruins' dynasty ends, franchises on the move and more mayhem . . . At some point in the late 1990s, while I was the sports editor at the Regina Leader-Post, I put together a brief history of the Western Hockey League. I had pretty much forgotten about it until recently when I was asked if I might post it again. So I am doing just that. . . . As you read each piece, please remember that I wrote them more than 20 years ago and they cover only the league's first 25 years. It isn't an all-encompassing history, but hits on some of the highlights and a few lowlights. . . . The stories are pretty much as originally written. . . . Here is Part 3. . . . The mid-1970s belonged to the Ernie McLean-coached New Westminster Bruins. They were the Western Canada Hockey League's most-dominant team. If you didn't believe that, well, they would convince you of it. And they'd do that any way they felt like it. The legendary Ernie McLean. (Photo: The Coaches Site) The Bruins ran their string of WCHL titles to four, and won the Memorial Cup the last two seasons, in 1976-77 and 1977-78. But by the time the 1980-81 season ended, the bloom was off the rose in New Westminster. Little did anyone know that it never would return. Prior to the start of the 1976-77 season, the WCHL instituted a rule calling for an automatic game misconduct to any player who initiated a fight. Ironically, the first player stung was Brandon Wheat Kings starry centre Bill Derlago. He got the heave-ho after starting a scrap with Brian Schnitzler of the Saskatoon Blades in a season-opening 3-0 Brandon victory. Two coaches felt WCHL president Ed Chynoweth's wrath on Nov. 2. 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Chiefs was suspended for 20 games, while Ken Hodge of the Portland Winter Hawks got 10 games. Prediger apparently struck Hodge during an altercation between the benches on Oct. 24. There was joy in Regina on Jan. 27 when the Pats scored a 3-2 victory over visiting Portland. It ended a 36- game Regina winless streak that covered 96 days. "I hope the players don't become satisfied with the win," said Lorne Davis, who had taken over as GM/head coach from Del Wilson and Bob Turner with the Pats at 2-32-5. A nine-hour meeting in Calgary resulted in a new playoff format. Under the original format, the Flin Flon Bombers, third in the East, were 20 points ahead of Regina and all but had a playoff spot locked up. Suddenly, there was a new format and the Bombers were fighting for a spot. Oh yes, they were also on a 15-game West Coast road trip. "In this league, you need two pieces of equipment," said Flin Flon boss Mickey Keating. "You need a face-guard when you play some of the teams on the ice and a back protector for the committee room. I had inklings that there may be changes in the playoffs but I had confidence there were intelligent hockey men in this league. I was shown different." In Portland, the Winter Hawks were beginning to carve out a niche, which resulted in this March 1 comment from GM Brian Shaw: "We're selling the all-American boy image. Our players are all properly dressed in public. They all have respectable hair lengths. We feel image is important. Our players have become our outstanding selling point, and they have actually played much better because of the great acceptance which now is blossoming in Portland." In mid-April, Kamloops majority owner Ephram Steinke admitted the franchise would likely move to Spokane over the summer. The reasons? Steinke blamed almost $500,000 in losses over four years, and the city's refusal to construct a new arena. The often-emotional Bob Strumm. (Photo: Regina Leader-Post) On May 12, the Calgary Centennials signed Bob Strumm as general manager. One of Strumm's first moves was to confirm that a move to Billings was being contemplated. Strumm, who had been Chynoweth's executive assistant, was, at 29, the WCHL's youngest GM. He would be one of the league's most-prominent figures through the mid-1980s. The Calgary move became official on May 19. Eleven days later, Kamloops moved to Seattle and became the Breakers under new owner John Hamilton. On July 19, at the annual meeting in Calgary, the transfer of the Winnipeg Monarchs to Calgary was approved. Del Wilson, president and governor of the Pats, was named chairman of the board, replacing Bill Burton. When Winnipeg moved to Calgary and became the Wranglers, owner Gerry Brisson named Doug Barkley as GM. The coach? It was Brisson. Would the GM be able to fire the owner/coach. The 1977-78 regular season hadn't even started when McLean was in trouble. It stemmed from an exhibition game against the host Victoria Cougars when midway in the second period he ventured into the stands to tangle with a fan who was taunting him. For his troubles, McLean got a gash on his forehead and, later, a $250 fine. This would serve as an omen. A fierce rivalry was building between Regina and the Brandon Wheat Kings. After one early-season game, Davis had this to say: "If (Dave) Semenko would have been close enough to the box I would have swung at him . . . he came over by our bench trying to intimidate us." To which Brandon coach Dunc McCallum responded: "How can a 220-pound man be held back by a stick boy?" A few days later, Semenko joined the WHA's Edmonton Oilers. A couple of years later, Davis joined the Oilers as a scout. 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o, perhaps the best pure offensive talent this league has seen, had a 40-game point streak end on Nov. 9 when he left a game with a thigh injury during his first shift. One month later, he blew out a knee in an exhibition game against the Moscow Selects. Had Derlago not been hurt, who knows what kind of numbers he would have put up? When he was injured, he had 48 goals and 80 points in 26 games. He was on pace for 133 goals, three more than the then-CMJHL record of 130 held by Guy Lafleur. On Feb. 3, Jack McLeod resigned as coach of the Saskatoon Blades. He stayed on as GM, but put Garry Peters behind the bench. In Calgary, Barkley, the GM, took over as coach from Brisson, the owner. More bad ink, and lots of it, in early February when McLean was slapped with a 25-game suspension for allegedly hitting an official. He returned for the playoffs. "Our league has long been accused of protecting either our coaches or, more particularly, owner/coaches, but there is no way one coach or one franchise is bigger than the league," Chynoweth said. "I can live with the so-called violence on ice, as projected by the media, but when it comes to our officials, qualified or unqualified, I look at things much differently." More bad ink in the first round of the playoffs. Yes, it emerged from a round-robin series. This one featured Brandon, Flin Flon and Regina in a double home-and-home series. When it got to the final game, Flin Flon at Regina, the Pats had to beat the Bombers by at least six goals to eliminate Brandon and set up a Regina-Flin Flon division final. Regina won 10-4 and the high-powered Wheat Kings, led by the likes of Derlago, Brian Propp, Laurie Boschman and Ray Allison, were done like so much burnt toast. "For us to say anything is stupid. You saw what happened," Flin Flon defenceman Ray Markham said after the game. Ultimately, Flin Flon, New Westminster and Billings advanced to the WCHL's round-robin semi-final to eliminate one team and put the other two in the championship final. Out went Flin Flon. New Westminster then swept Billings in the final. It was the Bruins' fourth straight WCHL title and they would win their second consecutive Memorial Cup. The Bruins, a power for oh, so long, would rarely be heard from in a positive light again. On May 22, Flin Flon governor Gord Mitchell revealed that the community-owned team would cease operations. "I hate to see it go," Mitchell said. "It's certainly not the fault of the league. The league's not kicking us out. But there comes a time when something like this seems to be the most reasonable thing to do. We're a small centre and it got to the point where the league had outgrown us." A week later, Chynoweth, who had threatened to resign, announced he would remain as president, thanks to a promise from the governors that an executive assistant would be provided to help with such things as discipline. Wilson, the part-owner of the Pats, filled the bill as vice-president and referee-in-chief. Shaw replaced Wilson as chairman of the board. On June 1, Gregg Pilling was named GM/coach in Regina, replacing Davis who, in a surprise move, was fired. Davis professed sadness, saying he had worked awfully hard and that all of that work would bear fruit in two years. Which is exactly what happened — two years later the Pats were in the Memorial Cup. But Pilling was gone by that point. It was during the summer of 1978 when Chynoweth began talking of an education program. On July 4, he announced a program whereby teams would provide a year's tuition and books at a recognized post-secondary institution for every season a player was in the league. On Aug. 16, Chynoweth announced an Edmonton group headed by Bill Hunter had purchased the Flin Flon franchise from the league. Hunter would be president and governor, Vic Mah would be first vice-president. 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78-79 season began with news of a name change and ended with a new champion for the first time since the spring of '74. With three of 12 teams situated in the U.S., the WCHL was no more. Now it was the Western Hockey League. GREGG PILLING The goofiness started on Oct. 22 when Pilling went into the penalty box at the start of the third period of a game in Calgary. He said he would serve a bench minor handed him for delay of game at the end of the second period in what would be an 8-1 loss. Pilling also alternated goaltenders Jeff Lastiwka and Gregg Dumba every shift change after a brawl at 2:52 of the second. Changing goalies ended 30 seconds into the third period when, with the faceoff outside Regina's blueline, Dumba lined up behind his net. He was given a gross misconduct. Chynoweth, who fined Pilling $1,000, said: "I thought it was a circus. I wouldn't blame anybody if they didn't go back." This was to be the season of McCallum's Wheat Kings. That much was evident when Brandon ran its two-season unbeaten streak to a WHL-record 49 games and its single-season streak to 29 games. Brandon finally lost, going down 9-4 in Edmonton on Dec. 13 with the Oil Kings scoring all nine goals with the man advantage. There was more news from Brandon on Jan. 11 when GM Jack Brockest, one of the WHL's most likeable people, bought the team. If any team could match Brandon it was Portland. The Winter Hawks had a 19-game unbeaten streak ended when visiting Brandon won 7-4 to go to 42-3-7. In mid-March, rumours had the Edmonton franchise, which was averaging about 500 fans a game, moving to Great Falls, Montana, or Red Deer. Things got ugly on March 22 in New Westminster when an incident involving the Bruins and Portland resulted in McLean's being suspended indefinitely and seven of his players being charged by police. A game-ending brawl broke out, but this one was different because, while the Bruins left their bench, Hodge managed to keep his players under control. On March 27, Wilson said McLean would not be allowed to coach during the playoffs, nor would he be allowed to communicate with the bench from the press box as he had done during previous suspensions. McLean apologized for the brawl at a Vancouver press conference: "I have to take the full load, the full responsibility for what happened . . . when I look at it, maybe the game has gone by me. Maybe my coaching style isn't what's needed anymore. I'm an old horse that's been at it for 25 years and it's tough to change your thinking. The game is changing — maybe I haven't changed with it." On April 4, GM Bill Shinske and McLean announced the Bruins were for sale, for $350,000. The Winter Hawks got a small measure of revenge, beating the visiting Bruins 5-3 on April 8 to eliminate them from post-season play. But this sad episode would drag on through the summer. Meanwhile, Brandon was finishing with a 58-5-9 record, setting or tying 19 records. The Oil Kings were sold on April 10, with ownership handed over to a Portland group headed by Bob Cooper and Tom Gauthier, who said they would move the franchise to Great Falls. "I guess sports is not my bowl of rice," said Mah, an Edmonton restauranteur. It was Mah's second go-round as an owner in Edmonton, and he wouldn't give up. He would try and try again and again to get another franchise for the Alberta capital. On April 20, charges of common assault were filed against seven Bruins — J.P. Kelly, Terry Kirkham, Bruce Howes, Rick Amann, Boris Fistric, Rob Roflik and Bill Hobbins. In August, the seven pleaded guilty. 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granted conditional discharges to all seven, then banned them from league games at any level until Dec. 1. McLean said Shaw was "trying to be the judge who is going to clean up hockey. I'm worried about the affect on the game because the judge's ruling makes a hip-check a criminal offence." Portland and Brandon ended up in the final, with Brandon winning in six games. And, on May 28, Chynoweth resigned, effective June 30. This time he would leave, becoming part-owner of the Wranglers. "It's more than 25 per cent and less than 50," said majority-owner Jim Morley. In late May, Pat Ginnell, who had been with the Lethbridge Broncos, moved north to take over the Medicine Hat Tigers. Mike Sauter would replace him in Lethbridge. Dave King left as coach in Billings to become head coach at the University of Saskatchewan. The Pats were sold on June 8, with Wilson, Bill Patton, Gord Wicijowski, D.K. MacPherson, Wilf Degelman and Bob Babchuk selling to the Pinders — father Dick and sons Herb, Gerry and Tom. The price was believed to be near $300,000. Strumm was named GM, governor and part-owner. Strumm later signed Bryan Murray as head coach and one of the great turnarounds in WHL history was under way. But before that got started, Dave Descent was chosen to run the WHL. In his third season with the Canadian Amateur Wrestling Association at the time, Descent had lots of hockey experience at various levels in the OHA. "This job is an opportunity to get back into hockey, which is my chosen sport, and advance my sporting career," he said. Regina, which finished 18-47-7 (last in the East, second-worst in the league) in 1978-79, would go 47-24-1 in 1979-80 to win the division. It was obvious early that the Bruins were going to pay a steep price for the brawl against Portland. They got their first point, after 13 losses, with a 5-5 tie in Great Falls on Oct. 31. And on Nov. 16 McLean was at it again. And again it involved Portland. McLean got tangled up with a fan at a game in Portland and was charged with fourth-degree assault. In one of the most ironical situations in WHL history, McLean was in jail until Brian Shaw posted his bail of $525. Charges were later reduced to harassment and it was all cleared up when a civil compromise was signed, ending the criminal case. In mid-December, Descent's title was changed from executive director to president. And concern was being shown about Great Falls, which was 2-22-1 and hurtin' at the gate. The Americans folded on Dec. 13. On March 2, McLean threw a 30-gallon garbage can onto the ice to protest the work of referee Ken Wheler during a game against visiting Portland. The next day, Descent announced his resignation. Said Descent: "Speaking honestly, I've enjoyed my stay and feel it was a positive experience. But for personal reasons I've decided to take a different career path which is something I'm not at liberty to discuss now." Shaw said a five-man board would run the league, and that McLean would be suspended for three games for throwing the can. Oh yes, McLean was later named acting chairman of the management committee. On March 24, McLean said he was leaving the Bruins. "I've made up my mind," he said. "I've worn out my welcome. I will not be in New Westminster next year. We built a dynasty here but it's time to move on." All this after the Bruins set a WHL record with 61 losses. It was the first time in 18 seasons that McLean had missed playoffs. On April 17, Vancouver businessman Nelson Skalbania bought out McLean and Shinske for slightly more than $300,000. A week later, the WHL announced that Winnipeg would have an expansion team for	-0.552918	0.728497	-1.070553	-0.486681	[ -0.5118281089850508, -0.5940086347249764 ]	[ 0.8824910767368046, 0.574502960751533 ]	[ -0.8010772304153794, -1.3400284483095366 ]	[ -0.3521003666630795, -0.6212608966063701 ]	1,024	[ 512, 512 ]	[ 16896, 15047, 766, 25389, 267, 304, 599, 9881, 29892, 769, 289, 11310, 963, 515, 13225, 8090, 472, 738, 3233, 2745, 3826, 29889, 29871, 29896, 29889, 4052, 3226, 273, 1497, 28548, 471, 376, 2202, 292, 304, 367, 278, 16833, 1058, 338, 2675, 304, 5941, 701, 18881, 29889, 306, 29915, 29885, 6365, 1255, 1048, 278, 6602, 373, 278, 3748, 1363, 278, 16833, 29915, 29879, 364, 19478, 3732, 263, 21464, 29899, 3198, 263, 22161, 1283, 663, 1213, 13, 2290, 1049, 322, 1771, 9214, 9698, 701, 297, 278, 2186, 29892, 411, 1771, 9214, 15613, 297, 4832, 8090, 29889, 13, 2855, 29892, 373, 2610, 29871, 29906, 29947, 29892, 678, 948, 340, 621, 620, 12961, 29892, 11828, 5306, 29871, 29941, 29900, 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1980-81 and that the owners were former Pats star Fran Huck, his law partner Gerald Gunn and Winnipeg businessmen Harry Buekert, Arnold DeFehr and Marsdon Fenwick. Buekert would be GM, with Huck as coach. On April 27, Regina beat visiting Victoria, 5-4, to win the WHL final, 4-1. The 1980 Memorial Cup, which would be won by the Cornwall Royals, opened in Brandon and closed in Regina. During the Memorial Cup it became apparent the major juniors were terribly concerned with NHL's practice of drafting 18-year-olds. Chynoweth said: "I understand the legal problems the NHL has, although I don't sympathize with it . . . at this rate, the pros will be scouting midgets soon." McLeod remembered the 1979 draft: "Back in June one NHL general manager said there was nothing to worry about, that only seven or eight under-ages would be taken. When they took 58, we were a little disturbed. Once they got into it, they just kept going." Junior teams were to be paid $50,000 to $65,000 for under-age players who stuck in the NHL. Some NHL people said they weren't in favour of the 18-year-old draft, either. "The general managers unanimously fought to the 11th hour to avoid drafting under-ages," said Washington GM Max McNab. "We were going to get caught in a lawsuit. But the NHL is like the government in the eyes of the public here. We're going to get shot at in any decision." On May 15, the WHL announced that the dormant Great Falls franchise would relocate to Spokane with Cooper remaining as majority owner. NELSON SKALBANIA On June 26, Skalbania, already the owner of New Westminster and the NHL's Calgary Flames, bought 50 per cent of the Wranglers. Skalbania explained: "It's a sympathetic thing. I said when we bought the Flames that we'd support junior hockey in Calgary and I can't think of a way we'd be supporting it any more than owning the team. I just hope we don't lose that much money with them." Pat Shimbashi, a minority owner in Lethbridge, bought the other 50 per cent of the Wranglers from Jim Morley and Chynoweth, which meant that the latter would return as WHL president. ROZANDA SKALBANIA (Photo: archives.newwestcity.ca) On June 27, Skalbania completed his purchase of the Bruins, buying 100 per cent for $325,000. McLean stayed as GM, while Skalbania's 20-year-old daughter, Rozanda, was named president. McLean resigned a couple of weeks later and Tracy Pratt was named GM. "I'd like to forget about the big bad Bruins of the past," Pratt said, "and I'd like to think of them as the scrappy Bruins in the future. My concern is putting families back in the building. There was a shade too much violence in past years and many people became very bitter about what happened at Queen's Park Arena." The league lost its referee-in-chief on Aug. 8 when Wilson announced he would scout for the Montreal Canadiens, a team with which he had long been associated. The 1980-81 season opened quietly enough, but the silence was shattered on Dec. 1 with a shakeup in Saskatoon. McLeod and coach Lorne Frey ended their association with the Blades. Majority owner Nate Brodsky bought McLeod's share (20 per cent) and named Daryl Lubiniecki GM and coach. Lubiniecki began shaking things up when, on Jan. 15, he traded one player — centre Rocky Trottier — to Billings for six players — Pat Rabbitt, Dave Brown, Brad Duggan, Dave Chartier, Lyndon Byers and Al Acton. 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17 Chynoweth announced that teams would be fined $2,500 if their players fought before games or between periods. Players who started the fights or were main combatants would get a minimum of five games. A black cloud continued to follow the Bruins. A labour dispute forced them to play their last 29 games on the road. Their last 13 home games were played in such places as Bellingham, Wash., Kamloops, Trail, Duncan, B.C., and Coleman, Alta. The Bruins set a WHL record by losing 25 in a row and had to give season-ticket holders a refund for the 13 home games that were moved. There were rumblings out of Swift Current that the locals were interested in a WHL franchise. John Rittinger, president of the SJHL team there, was trying to raise money for the venture. "I can't give you a figure at this time," he said on April 1, "but, personally, I feel there has been insufficient support." The juniors were beginning to realize they were going to have to live with the 18-year-old draft. Said Chynoweth: "The under-age situation is a problem but also a fact of life. The law of the land says at 18 you can fight for your country, drink and get married. Consequently, they're also eligible to be drafted and play for NHL teams." The WHL had a new referee-in-chief — Richard Doerksen — and he was in the news in the playoffs after Strumm grabbed him in the press box during a game. Strumm was slapped with a two-game suspension and a $1,000 fine. Victoria, under coach Jack Shupe, would win the WHL championship in 1980-81. Trailing Calgary 3-1, the Cougars bounced back and wrapped it up on May 1, beating the visiting Wranglers, 4-2, in Game 7. Singing a song that would become popular in NHL circles in years to come, Calgary coach Doug Sauter explained: "(Goaltender Grant) Fuhr was the difference." NEXT: Part 4 of 5. Author greggdrinnanPosted on November 23, 2020 Tags Arnold DeFehr, Bill Burton, Bill Derlago, Bill Hunter, Bill Shinske, Billings Bighorns, Bob Cooper, Bob Strumm, Brandon Wheat Kings, Brian Shaw, Bryan Murray, Calgary Wranglers, Daryl Lubiniecki, Dave King, David Descent, Del Wilson, Doug Barkley, Doug Sauter, Dunc McCallum, Ed Chynoweth, Edmonton Oil Kings, Ephram Steinke, Ernie McLean, Flin Flon Bombers, Frank Huck, Garry Peters, Gerald Gunn, Gerry Brisson, Gord Mitchell, Grant Fuhr, Gregg Pilling, Harry Buekert, Ivan Prediger, Jack Brockest, Jack McLeod, Jack Shupe, Jim Morley, John Hamilton, John Rittinger, Kamloops Chiefs, Ken Hodge, Ken Wheler, Lethbridge Broncos, Lorne Davis, Lorne Frey, Marsdon Benwick, Medicine Hat Tigers, Mike Sauter, Nate Brodsky, New Westminster Bruins, Pat Ginnell, Pat Shimbashi, Portland Winter Hawks, Regina Pats, Richard Doerksen, Rozanda Skalbania, Tom Gauthier, Tracy Pratt, Vic Mah, Victoria Cougars, Winnipeg WarriorsLeave a comment on The WHL, Part 3: Bruins' dynasty ends, franchises on the move and more mayhem . . . Raiders can win WHL title tonight. . . . Giants hope to make some history. . . . Hudak wins Cranbrook by-election My old Astros teammate, Jim Gentile had 46 HR, 141 RBI and hit .303 in 1961 with the Orioles. He made $13,500 that season. pic.twitter.com/BRnXv2yMaP — John Bateman (@JohnnyBateman7) May 11, 2019 John Hudak, who was the sp	-0.771724	0.476914	-1.106694	-1.008946	[ 0.014812093464972595, -1.5582601367401039 ]	[ 1.4626547370811533, -0.5088273309408468 ]	[ -0.23422736124199525, -1.9791611867063723 ]	[ -0.23764007485995256, -1.7802526439339128 ]	1,024	[ 512, 512 ]	[ 29871, 29896, 29955, 678, 948, 340, 621, 9326, 393, 10907, 723, 367, 285, 1312, 395, 29906, 29892, 29945, 29900, 29900, 565, 1009, 10769, 20722, 1434, 8090, 470, 1546, 23704, 29889, 7412, 414, 1058, 4687, 278, 285, 5861, 470, 892, 1667, 15499, 1934, 723, 679, 263, 9212, 310, 5320, 8090, 29889, 13, 29909, 4628, 9570, 7572, 304, 1101, 278, 8135, 1144, 29889, 319, 23390, 28447, 11826, 963, 304, 1708, 1009, 1833, 29871, 29906, 29929, 8090, 373, 278, 6520, 29889, 11275, 1833, 29871, 29896, 29941, 3271, 8090, 892, 5318, 297, 1316, 7600, 408, 350, 7807, 3391, 29892, 399, 1161, 1696, 12986, 417, 3554, 29892, 3201, 309, 29892, 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okesperson for the Green Bay Committee that attempted to help keep the Kootenay Ice in Cranbrook, won a seat on Cranbrook's City Council in a by-election that was completed on Saturday. . . . Final preliminary results, as released by the City of Cranbrook, had Hudak with 1,115 votes (45.9 per cent of the vote), well ahead of Ron Miles, who was second at 518, and three other candidates. . . . The by-election was the result of Danielle Eaton having resigned in January. . . . A retired RCMP officer, Hudak was part of the Green Bay Committee, a group comprising mostly local businessmen who offered to sell sponsorships and season tickets in an attempt to benefit the Ice. However, the committee, which said it quickly sold $50,000 worth of sponsorships and tickets, disbanded when it realized that it wasn't going to get any co-operation from the WHL team's owners. . . . The Ice relocated to Winnipeg when its season ended. There has never been a subscription fee for this blog, but if you enjoy stopping by here, why not consider donating to the cause? Thank you very much. The Rouyn-Noranda Huskies won the QMJHL championship with a 4-0 victory over the host Halifax Mooseheads on Saturday. The Huskies won the series, 4-2. . . . Huskies G Samuel Harvey stopped 28 shots to earn the shutout. Harvey, who is in his fifth season with the Huskies, has 20 career shutouts — 15 in the regular season and five in the playoffs. He put up four of those playoff shutouts in these playoffs. . . . Both teams will appear in the Memorial Cup as the Mooseheads are the host team. . . . This is the 11th straight season in which the host team for the Memorial Cup hasn't been able to win its league championship. NOTES: The Prince Albert Raiders and Vancouver Giants arrived back in Prince Albert on Saturday afternoon and will resume the WHL final for the Ed Chynoweth Cup with Game 6 tonight (Sunday) at the Art Hauser Centre. . . . The Raiders lead the series, 3-2, and can win the second championship in franchise history — the first came in 1985 — with a victory tonight. . . . Should the Giants win tonight — and they won Game 5, 4-3, on Friday in Langley, B.C. — Game 7 would be played on Monday night in Prince Albert. . . . Following the conclusion of Game 5 in Langley on Friday, fans in Prince Albert began lining up at the Art Hauser Centre at 11 p.m., with tickets for Games 6 and 7 going on sale Saturday morning. . . . Late Friday night, the Raiders advised fans via Twitter: "Tickets for Game 7 are non-refundable. If a Game 7 isn't necessary, the tickets can be used as a voucher for any regular-season game in the 2019-20 season." . . . Now I don't know how much a ticket to Game 7 was selling for, but I have to think one of those tickets would be worth a whole lot more than one regular-season game. Wouldn't it? . . . If the Giants are to win the Ed Chynoweth Cup, they are going to have to do something that has been accomplished only once before in WHL history. . . . There have been 11 championship finals go to Game 7; the first 10 were won by the home team. The last final to need Game 7 was in 2014 when the Edmonton Oil Kings became the first team in WHL history to win Game 7 on the road. They beat the Portland Winterhawks, 4-2. . . . Here is a look at the previous WHL championship series that have been decided in Game 7 . . . 1975 — The Saskatoon Blades actually won the first two games of what was an eight-point final — in other words, no OT — beating the New Westminster Bruins twice in legendary Queen's Park Arena. The Bruins then won twice in Saskatoon, before the Blades won Game 5 at home. 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the Bruins won, 4-1 and 7-2, to take the series, 8-6. 1976 — This also was an eight-point series featuring the Saskatoon Blades and New Westminster Bruins. The teams played to a 3-3 tie in Game 6 in New Westminster and the Bruins won Game 7, 3-1, the next night, winning the series, 9-5. 1981 — The Calgary Wranglers led the Victoria Cougars, 3-1, before the bottom fell out. The Cougars came back with 7-4 and 4-2 victories in Calgary, then won Game 7 at home, 4-2. This is the series that featured goaltenders Grant Fuhr (Victoria) and Mike Vernon (Calgary). 1984 — The Regina Pats won the middle three games at home to go ahead of the Kamloops Blazers, 3-2. The scene shifted to Kamloops where the Blazers won, 4-3 in OT and 4-2. In Game 6, the Pats were 12 seconds from winning the championship when Kamloops F Dean Evason tied the game. F Ryan Stewart later won it at 13;13 of OT. 1987 —The Medicine Hat Tigers and Portland Winterhawks played a 3-3-1 format and were all even going back to Alberta for Game 7 after the Tigers won Game 6, 4-3. Back home, the Tigers won Game 7, 6-2. 1992 — The Kamloops Blazers took a 3-1 lead over the Saskatoon Blades in a final that used a 3-3-1 format. The Blades won Games 5 and 6 (5-1 and 4-3) at home. The Blazers won it all by taking Game 7, 8-0, at home. 1993 — The Portland Winterhawks led the series, 3-2, over the Swift Current Broncos after a 3-1 victory in Game 5 in Oregon. The Broncos won Game 6, 7-5, in Portland, then went home and posted a 6-0 victory in Game 7. 1994 — For the third straight season, the WHL final went seven games, and for the second time in three seasons it featured the Kamloops Blazers and Saskatoon Blades. Using a 2-3-2 format, Kamloops won twice at home and then took Game 4 in Saskatoon for a 3-1 lead. The Blades tied it by winning 3-2 at home and 2-1 in Kamloops, but the Blazers took Game 7, 8-1, at home. 2007 — For the first time in 13 years, the WHL final went seven games. This time, it featured the Vancouver Giants and Medicine Hat Tigers. The Giants took a 3-2 series lead on the strength of three shutouts — 1-0, 4-0 and 3-0 — from G Tyson Sexsmith. But the Tigers went home for the last two games and won them both — 4-3 and 3-2 in double OT, the latter on a goal by F Brennan Bosch. 2012 — The Edmonton Oil Kings won Game 5, 4-3, at home to take a 3-2 lead over the Portland Winterhawks, who went home and won Game 6, 3-2, two nights later. The series shifted to Edmonton for Game 7 and the Oil Kings won, 4-1. 2014 — It was the Edmonton Oil Kings and Portland Winterhawks one more time. Portland won twice at home, then Edmonton did the same. The Oil Kings won Game 5, 3-2, in Portland, only to have the Winterhawks go into Edmonton and win Game 6, 6-5 in OT. The Oil Kings won the final with a 4-2 road victory in Game 7. The WHL's first season was 1966-67. The Oil Kings are the only team in the league's history to have won Game 7 of a championship series on the road. 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Thanks to Dean (Scooter) Vrooman, the legendary former play-by-play voice of the Winterhawks, for laying the groundwork for all of this.) Can someone explain to me why @HockeyCanada did not re-brand the National Jr Championship as the Centennial Cup Instead going with @HC_NJAC ? Tons of history and tradition with Centennial Cup and seems now would have been perfect time since @RBC pulled the pin on sponsorship. — Brent Parker (@BrentRParker) May 12, 2019 Author greggdrinnanPosted on May 11, 2019 May 11, 2019 Tags Brennan Bosch, Calgary Wranglers, Dean Evason, Dean Vrooman, Edmonton Oil Kings, Grant Fuhr, John Hudak, Kamloops Blazers, Medicine Hat Tigers, Mike Vernon, New Westminster Bruins, Portland Winterhawks, Regina Pats, Rouyn-Noranda Huskies, Ryan Stewart, Samuel Harvey, Saskatoon Blades, Swift Current Broncos, Tyson Sexsmith, Vancouver Giants, Victoria CougarsLeave a comment on Raiders can win WHL title tonight. . . . Giants hope to make some history. . . . Hudak wins Cranbrook by-election Rasmussen, Jokiharju sent to AHL . . . Hitmen open Corral series tonight . . . Hay busy learning more in Portland ✌🏼 goals for @mrasmussen16 in his first AHL game. #GoGRG pic.twitter.com/FZ1iIF073D — Grand Rapids Griffins (@griffinshockey) February 1, 2019 Two players who could be playing monster minutes in the WHL this season have found themselves playing in the AHL this week. F Michael Rasmussen, 19, played the past three seasons with the WHL's Tri-City Americans. The Detroit Red Wings selected him with the ninth pick of the NHL's 2017 draft. Rasmussen opened this season with the Red Wings and had six goals and seven assists in 41 games when he was assigned to the AHL's Grand Rapids Griffins this week on one of those conditioning assignments. The Red Wings also have him on long-term injured reserve with a hamstring issue that has kept him out since Jan. 4. Because he's 19, Rasmussen isn't eligible to stay in the AHL. The NHL-NHLPA CBA calls for him to play in the NHL or be returned to the Americans. He scored twice in his AHL debut on Thursday, as the Griffins beat the host Texas Stars, 5-3. Meanwhile, D Henri Jokiharju has been assigned by the Chicago Blackhawks to the AHL's Rockford IceHogs. He spent the previous two seasons with the WHL's Portland Winterhawks. Jokiharju, who was the 29th overall selection in the NHL's 2017 draft, had 12 assists in 37 games with the Blackhawks. In December, Chicago freed him up to play for Finland in the World Junior Championship, where he had two goals and three assists in seven games as his team won the gold medal. In his first 32 games with Chicago, Jokiharju was playing 20 minutes per game. Of late, however, he been playing fewer than 15 minutes and had been a healthy scratch three times in eight games. I haven't seen any mention of Jokiharju being on a conditioning assignment, so I have a feeling that he is there until further notice. Remember late in the summer of 2018 when there was discussion about whether he would have to play for Chicago or be returned to Portland? There was some chatter then that he had been on loan to the Winterhawks from his club team in Finland, so might not be covered by the same CBA clause as someone like Rasmussen. Perhaps that's what's going on here. The Calgary Hitmen and visiting Brandon Wheat Kings will open the three-game Corral Series tonight. 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Incidence of bleeds in surgery studies Incidence of bleeds in bovine thrombin surgery studies Risk of bleeding in surgical patients treated with topical bovine thrombin sealants: a review of the literature Matthew W Reynolds1Email author, John Clark2, Sheila Crean1 and Srinath Samudrala3 Patient Safety in Surgery20082:5 © Reynolds et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. 2008 Accepted: 18 March 2008 One of the most anticipated, but potentially serious complications during or after surgery are bleeding events. Among the many potential factors associated with bleeding complications in surgery, the use of bovine thrombin has been anecdotally identified as a possible cause of increased bleeding risk. Most of these reports of bleeding events in association with the use of topical bovine thrombin have been limited to case reports lacking clear cause and effect relationship determination. Recent studies have failed to establish significant differences in the rates of bleeding events between those treated with bovine thrombin and those treated with either human or recombinant thrombin. We conducted a search of MEDLINE for the most recent past 10 years (1997–2007) and identified all published studies that reported a study of surgical patients with a clear objective to examine the risk of bleeding events in surgical patients. We also specifically noted the reporting of any topical bovine thrombin used during surgical procedures. We aimed to examine whether there were any differences in the risk of bleeds in general surgical populations as compared to those studies that reported exposure to topical bovine thrombin. We identified 21 clinical studies that addressed the risk of bleeding in surgery. Of these, 5 studies analyzed the use of bovine thrombin sealants in surgical patients. There were no standardized definitions for bleeding events employed across these studies. The rates of bleeds in the general surgery studies ranged from 0.1%–20.2%, with most studies reporting rates between 2.6%–4%. The rates of bleeding events ranged from 0.0%–13% in the bovine thrombin studies with most studies reporting between a 2%–3% rate. The risk of bleeds was not clearly different in those studies reporting use of bovine thrombin in all patients compared to the other surgical populations studied. A well-designed and well-controlled study is needed to accurately examine the bleeding risks in surgical patients treated and unexposed to topical bovine thrombin, and to evaluate the independent risk associated with topical bovine thrombin as well as other risk factors. Thrombin Major Bleed Bleeding Event Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Patient It is well accepted that there are both risks and tremendous health benefits associated with surgical procedures of all types. Surgical risks vary in severity and type and are driven by a complex mix of factors including surgical factors (e.g., type of surgery), surgeon characteristics (e.g., experience with conduction specific procedures), patient factors (age, gender, prior history of surgery, prior history of adverse events, comorbidities, etc.), other treatment factors (e.g., use of anticoagulants), and random chance. One of the most anticipated, but potentially serious complications in surgery is the risk of bleeding events. Among the many potential causes of bleeding complications in surgery, the use of bovine thrombin has been anecdotally identified as a possible cause of increased bleeding risk. Most of these reports of bleeding events in association with the use of topical bovine thrombin are case reports and small case series from which no clear cause and effect relationship could be established [1–16]. A more recent study failed to establish any significant differences in the rates of bleeding events between those treated with bovine thrombin and those treated with either human or recombinant thrombin [17]. Bovine thrombin has been used as a commercial hemostat for more than 60 years, and whether used alone or in combination with other clotting agents, it effectively helps to control surface bleeding in a variety of cardiovascular, vascular, neurological, orthopedic, transplant, and gynecologic surgeries [5, 1	-0.319046	1.122435	0.983168	1.09166	[ -0.6241414941629492, -0.013951090544001373 ]	[ 1.0758789635182542, 1.1689916497463595 ]	[ 0.9628784027393797, 1.003458259145528 ]	[ 0.8991587323665579, 1.2841615320679847 ]	1,024	[ 512, 512 ]	[ 9266, 5084, 310, 10767, 5779, 297, 25300, 708, 11898, 13, 797, 29883, 5084, 310, 10767, 5779, 297, 289, 586, 457, 266, 456, 2109, 25300, 708, 11898, 13, 29934, 3873, 310, 10767, 21219, 297, 25300, 936, 22069, 14914, 411, 2246, 936, 289, 586, 457, 266, 456, 2109, 409, 284, 1934, 29901, 263, 9076, 310, 278, 12845, 13, 29924, 1131, 13636, 399, 28555, 3361, 29896, 9823, 4148, 29892, 13, 11639, 17129, 29906, 29892, 13, 13468, 4233, 6760, 273, 29896, 322, 13, 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8, 19]. Although bovine thrombin is often used as a hemostat in surgical procedures, only a few published studies have quantified the safety and efficacy of bovine thrombin in surgery. It is well documented in recent years that human exposure to bovine thrombin preparations has been associated with an allogentic anti-bovine response, as well as cross reactivity to human coagulation factors. High titers of antibodies directed against bovine clotting factors seem well documented as an immediate and common consequence of surgery and as a lifetime risk for those patients who receive multiple exposures of exogenous factors [9, 20]. However, the clinical significance of this immunization on resulting adverse events is not clear or well documented. The adverse events of most interest, theoretically and clinically in surgery and treatment with bovine thrombin, are major bleeding events. If the antibody development associated with bovine thrombin exposure were to have an impact on the incidence of any adverse events, the most likely outcome would be the risk of major bleeds. Because the expected or background risk of bleeding events in surgery is not well documented, especially for surgery during which bovine thrombin is utilized, this literature review intends to examine and report the incidence of major bleeding events in published studies of surgery, as well as those specifically reporting bovine thrombin exposure and to determine whether the rates are notably different. We conducted a literature search of MEDLINE (via PubMed) for English language studies published within the past 10 years (1997–2007). We conducted our search of MEDLINE using a combination of text terms and Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) terms focused on surgery and bleeding events. We reviewed all the abstracts and retrieved all papers that met our eligibility criteria. We included all published studies that reported a study of surgical patients with a clear primary or secondary objective to examine and/or quantify the risk of bleeding events in that surgical population. For review articles that addressed this issue, we examined the references, retrieved all potentially eligible articles, and reviewed those as well. Study inclusion and exclusion criteria are detailed below: Exclusion criteria Letters, editorials, news, case-reports, commentaries, and reviews Animal or in vitro studies Language other than English Study participants who were not undergoing surgery Studies of organ transplants Studies without a primary/secondary objective of examining or quantifying the risk of bleeding events in surgical patients Studies published from 1997–2007 Studies of surgical patients with a clear primary or secondary objective of examining or quantifying the risk of bleeding events Additionally, we conducted a secondary search using text and MeSH terms to identify surgical studies of bovine thrombin. We expected the yield of this search to be much smaller, so these studies were not required to have a primary/secondary objective of studying the risk of bleeding events, rather all studies that reported bleeding events were included. We also applied the same inclusion/exclusion criteria regarding publication date, English language, and organ transplant studies to the bovine thrombin studies. We reviewed and summarized all studies regarding surgery type, sample size, geographic location, study design, definition of bleeding events, and risk of bleeding events. We identified 16 studies that met our inclusion criteria, which are presented in Additional file 1, Table 1 [21–36]. Seven of these studies were cardiovascular surgery studies [25, 27, 28, 31, 32, 35, 36], three were pancreatic surgery [21, 24, 29], and the others included major abdominal surgery [23], major orthopedic surgery [33], non-cardiac general surgery [34], laparoscopic cholecystectomy [26], prostatic resection [22], and laparoscopic and thoracoscopic surgery [30]. Seven of the studies included more than 1,000 patients[23, 24, 26, 28, 30, 31, 33]. Three studies were based in the United States, nine were based in Europe, and one each was based in Canada, Israel, Australia, and India. 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had a very detailed definition of bleeding events, while several just reported specific events such as re-exploration for bleeding or delayed massive hemorrhage. There were no standardized definitions for bleeding events, major bleeds, etc., employed across these studies. The rates of bleeds ranged from 0.1% for fatal bleeds in orthopedic surgery [33] to 20.2% for bleeding complications in cancer patients undergoing pancreaticoduodenectomy [21]. The incidence of bleeding events in coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) patients was very similar across the six studies of CABG patients [27, 28, 31, 32, 35, 36], ranging from 3.1% [28] to 5.4% [35], with the other studies reporting rates between 4%–4.6%. Three of the CABG studies reported rates of bleeding events to be between 4.0%–4.8% [27, 31, 32]. Those same CABG studies also showed an increased risk of bleeds with pre-operative aspirin use (7.8% risk of bleeds; [36]) and clopidogrel (8% risk with clopidogrel use within three days prior to surgery). The rates of bleeding events are presented in Additional file 1, Table 1 and show that most studies report a rate of 2.6%–4%. The three pancreatic surgery studies showed a wide range of bleed rates from 2.3% for delayed massive hemorrhage [24] to 8.8% with at least one bleeding event [29], and 20.2% in the cancer patients [21]. The study reporting 8.8% risk of bleed events also reported a 47% fatality rate among those patients experiencing hemorrhage. The prostatic resection study of 826 patients comparing two approaches found a 3.6% risk of delayed hemorrhage and a 4%–4.8% risk of total bleeds depending on the surgical approach [22]. A national study of laparoscopic cholecystectomy patients from Hungary reported a 1.44% risk of postoperative bleeds via a hospital survey of bleeding events [26]. A national registry of laparoscopic surgery patients from Switzerland also reported a lower rate of bleeding events with a 3.3% incidence of major bleeds [30]. A randomized trial of heparin thromboprophylaxis for major abdominal surgery in the United Kingdom found rates of total bleeds of approximately 11% in both the low molecular weight heparin and standard heparin groups with about an 8% incidence of major bleeds. The risk of bleeds in this study during the operation (5.8%) appeared to be similar to the rate of bleeds and post-operatively (6.5%) [23]. A study of non-cardiac general surgery patients in the Netherlands reported a 2.6% risk of all bleeds and a 0.9% risk of major bleeds [35]. A study of major orthopedic surgery in the United States reported an overall 2.6% risk of major bleeds and a 0.7% risk of re-operation for bleeding [33]. The study also noted that the rates of major bleeds varied by surgery type with 4.9% in total hip replacement, 1.3% in major knee surgery, and 2.8% in hip fracture repair. They also reported that factors such as older age, male gender, and presence of comorbid hepatic/renal disorders significantly increased the risk of a major bleed event. None of these studies of surgical patients reported whether any or all of the patients in the study received treatment with any bovine thrombin-containing products. Our review of the literature identified five studies that reported the risk of bleeds in a surgical population treated with bovine thrombin [5, 9, 17, 37, 38]. The studies ranged in size from 21 patients [37] to 411 patients [17], and are summarized in Additional file 1, Table 2. The rates of bleeding events ranged from 0.0% [37] to 13% (human thrombin treatment arm; [17], with	-0.129689	1.921056	0.858893	1.461055	[ -0.1991996923160837, -0.060177636272709535 ]	[ 1.9640307398478745, 1.8780805679450079 ]	[ 0.6838918899471101, 1.0338931514501393 ]	[ 1.4402437481631578, 1.481865672455204 ]	1,024	[ 512, 512 ]	[ 750, 263, 1407, 13173, 5023, 310, 10767, 21219, 4959, 29892, 1550, 3196, 925, 8967, 2702, 4959, 1316, 408, 337, 29899, 24516, 12418, 363, 10767, 21219, 470, 29801, 20364, 9736, 272, 19046, 482, 29889, 1670, 892, 694, 3918, 1891, 15848, 363, 10767, 21219, 4959, 29892, 4655, 10767, 5779, 29892, 2992, 1696, 15723, 4822, 1438, 11898, 29889, 450, 19257, 310, 10767, 5779, 364, 4618, 515, 29871, 29900, 29889, 29896, 29995, 363, 18409, 10767, 5779, 297, 14219, 459, 7486, 25300, 708, 518, 29941, 29941, 29962, 304, 29871, 29906, 29900, 29889, 29906, 29995, 363, 10767, 21219, 752, 5795, 297, 23900, 22069, 1090, 17696, 7243, 1037, 2454, 20192, 13183, 522, 16103, 518, 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most studies reporting between a 2%–3% rate of bleeding events. The rates are also displayed in Additional File 1, Table 2, showing that average rate of bleeds is in the range of 2%–3.5%, similar to what was seen in the other published surgical in Additional file 1, Table 1. A study of 21 cardiothoracic surgical patients exposed to a fibrin glue of bovine fibrinogen and bovine thrombin during surgery were tested for anti-bovine fibrinogen titers prior to surgery and followed for 233 days [37]. All patients demonstrated elevated anti-bovine fibrinogen antibodies. When nine patients with the highest anti-bovine fibrinogen were retested, they displayed high titers for bovine thrombin and human thrombin as well. However, none of the 21 patients developed postoperative bleeding complications, including those with initially high fibrinogen titers. A second study was conducted by Dorion et al [5] that examined stored blood samples and hospital records and identified 120 patients previously exposed to bovine thrombin. Of these patients who could be identified from medical records, 102 had been exposed once to bovine thrombin and 18 had been exposed multiple times. The study also included 114 patients who had been unexposed to bovine thrombin. The study found that of the patients who had been exposed to bovine thrombin, 10% had antibodies to bovine thrombin; in patients singly exposed, the rate was 5%; and in patients exposed multiple times, the rate was 39%. The incidence of serious bleeds in bovine-thrombin exposed patients was 1.7% (two of 120 patients) of the total exposed patients while it was higher (17%; two of 12 patients) in those patients specifically who had antibodies to bovine thrombin. The number of patients with bleeding events was notably low and the subgroup of patients with antibodies is too small to draw any firm conclusions. A study of 151 surgery patients exposed to bovine thrombin was conducted by Ortel et al [9], which provided detailed information on the frequency and types of adverse events occurring in surgical patients (109 CABG patients and 42 valve surgery patients) exposed to bovine thrombin. Of the 151 total surgery patients, 7.3% developed excessive postoperative bleeding or had a reoperation for bleeding, 3.3% required transfusion support after postoperative Day 2, and 3.3% experienced gastrointestinal bleeding. When examining the role of risk factors in this patient population, it was determined that prior surgical procedure, increased thrombin exposure during the study, postoperative elevated levels to human coagulation proteins, and postoperative abnormal coagulation study results were not significantly associated with an increased risk of adverse events. While it was determined that having preoperative elevated antibody levels to two or more bovine proteins was a significant risk factor for an incident adverse event, it was conversely also determined that having postoperative elevated antibody levels to two or more bovine proteins was actually associated with a significant decreased risk of adverse events. There were two randomized trials included in the review that reported complete safety data, including bleeding complications [17, 38]. One study compared FloSeal™ to another bovine thrombin product called Gelfoam® (both included thrombin-JMI) in 309 surgery patients who were randomized to the two treatments during surgery [38]. The study did not compare the rates of safety events across the two thrombin-treated study groups, but rather reported the total occurrence of adverse events. In the 309 patients, 2.9% developed excessive post-operative bleeding, 4.9% developed anemia, 0.32% experienced a transfusion reaction, and 0.65% had decreased platelets. The study found no association between the presence or absence of bovine antibodies and the occurrence of bleeding complications at the six- to eight-week follow-up. The second and most recent randomized trial randomized 206 surgical patients to treatment with bov	-0.183791	1.76348	0.988241	1.258148	[ -0.4159508289551375, 0.048369141475442225 ]	[ 1.6202300522364086, 1.9067306252459635 ]	[ 0.7802690489117124, 1.1962125770747325 ]	[ 1.0344299863157078, 1.481865672455204 ]	1,024	[ 512, 512 ]	[ 1556, 11898, 23415, 1546, 263, 29871, 29906, 29995, 29994, 29941, 29995, 6554, 310, 10767, 21219, 4959, 29889, 450, 19257, 526, 884, 8833, 297, 3462, 3245, 3497, 29871, 29896, 29892, 6137, 29871, 29906, 29892, 6445, 393, 6588, 6554, 310, 10767, 5779, 338, 297, 278, 3464, 310, 29871, 29906, 29995, 29994, 29941, 29889, 29945, 13667, 2788, 304, 825, 471, 3595, 297, 278, 916, 6369, 25300, 936, 297, 3462, 3245, 934, 29871, 29896, 29892, 6137, 29871, 29896, 29889, 13, 29909, 6559, 310, 29871, 29906, 29896, 5881, 29875, 720, 272, 562, 293, 25300, 936, 22069, 19884, 304, 263, 285, 4626, 262, 3144, 434, 310, 289, 586, 457, 285, 4626, 262, 6352, 322, 289, 586, 457, 266, 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ine thrombin (Thrombin JMI) and 205 patients to treatment with recombinant human thrombin (rhThrombin). At baseline, 5% of the patients randomized to receive bovine thrombin had antibodies to bovine thrombin, while 1.5% of the patients who received rhThrombin had antibodies to human thrombin. At the one-month follow-up, 21.5% of the bovine thrombin group had an antibody elevation; the rhThrombin group had no new antibody elevations. However, there were no significant differences in regards to the incidence of adverse events. In each treatment group, 99.5% of patients reported some adverse event, with 22% of the bovine thrombin and 18% of the human thrombin patients reporting a serious adverse event. There were 11% of bovine-thrombin treated patients that experienced a bleeding event compared to 13% of patients with human thrombin. Rates in this study seemed to be much higher than other studies, but as indicated by 99.5% of patients being noted to have had an adverse event, the safety reporting seemed to be very thorough and may have included a large number of minor adverse events that would not have been noted in the other published surgical studies. It should be noted that the two randomized treatment arms had comparable rates, regardless of the higher numerical values of those rates. The rates of perioperative bleeding events in studies of surgical patients ranged from 0%–11% in patients definitely exposed to bovine thrombin, with most studies reporting rates between 2%–3%. The rates for the other published studies of surgical patients ranged similarly from 0.1% to just over 20%, with most studies reporting rates between 2%–5%. The risk of bleeds was not clearly different in those studies reporting use of bovine thrombin in all patients compared to the other surgical populations studied. Due to the lack of reporting in the general surgery studies, it should be noted that it is possible that many of the patients in these studies were also exposed to bovine thrombin products. It was clear that the rates varied with different patient, surgical, and other risk factors. Several studies clearly noted that surgical factors such as the type of surgery [33], complexity of surgery [23], and urgency of surgery [28] affected the risk of bleeding events. Further, patient characteristics such as age, gender, body mass index, comorbid conditions (e.g., cancer, atrial fibrillation), and treatment characteristics such as concomitant medications (e.g., clopidogrel, warfarin, aspirin) are also associated with increased risks of bleeds in surgical patients. The studies that included entire populations of patients treated with bovine thrombin did not appear to demonstrate a higher rate of bleeds than the other published surgical studies, although no formal statistical tests were conducted. Unfortunately, most of the studies examined did not conduct comprehensive analyses of multivariate factors in the examination of the risk of bleeding events in surgery, and thus many of reported bleeding rates may be confounded by a variety of risk factors. Many of the surgical studies included in our comparator surgical group may have employed the use of bovine thrombin in several of their previous surgeries. Because most studies do not routinely report the use of bovine thrombin in surgery in their publications, there is no way to confirm. Even if these studies did include bovine thrombin patients – and it would be expected that they would because thrombin is such a commonly used product in surgery – if bovine thrombin did increase the risk of bleeding events in surgery, it would be expected that there would be some indication of higher bleeding rates in the bovine thrombin studies; which there is not. This expectation would be to do a comparison of a group of 100% bovine-thrombin treated patients being compared to a group with some unknown proportion exposed to bovine thrombin (but with that proportion clearly being lower than 100%). We identified all of the published studies within the past 10 years via our comprehensive search methodology that had a clear primary or secondary intention of examining the risk/rate of bleeding events in surgical patients. 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their safety results and conclusions. We did not include these studies in this review because we felt that the only way to ensure that the reporting of bleeding events was complete was to require that the study have this as a clear primary or secondary objective of the study. Without the requirement of focused, detailed reporting, we would have to make assumptions to the completeness of reporting and wouldn't be sure whether the three bleeding events reported in a study were all of the bleeding events, all of the serious bleeding events, or whether the reporting was driven by some other factor that would result in a partial reporting of events. It should be considered that the definitions of a "bleeding event" differed substantially across studies and that this may lead to difficulty in comparing the rates across studies and treatment group and making scientific conclusions. This is definitely a possibility to explore for more focused comparisons, but even in the studies that report all bleeding events in the surgical population, the rates were still comparable to the bovine thrombin groups, if not lower for bovine thrombin. Prior research has also demonstrated that study design is an important factor in understanding the risk of adverse events, and hence it may be expected that we may see higher rates of adverse events in randomized trials due to active surveillance for the event of interest as compared to retrospective observational studies where the events only present when symptomatic [39]. Although this would still apply here, we believe that this is less of an issue as major bleeding events would be identified regardless of the study design and/or definition of bleeding events. The evidence in this literature review suggests that the rates of bleeding events in bovine thrombin surgical studies and other published surgical studies are not notably different. Unfortunately, this comparison is far from optimal and the results could be driven by a large number of factors. There are many elements, including definition of bleeding event, type of surgery, patient factors, and other risk factors that can influence the risk of bleeding events in surgical patients. Unless the authors controlled for these factors in their own original research, it is unlikely that they can be compared and evaluated retrospectively from their published work. This indirect comparison of bovine thrombin treated patients to other surgical patients provides suggestive evidence, but is limited in its ability to make definitive conclusions due to the unknown, but expected inter-study variability. None of the bovine thrombin surgical studies provided a comparable non-bovine thrombin treatment group from which to compare, although Chapman et al [17] did compare bovine thrombin to randomized treatment with rhThrombin and found no differences. More prospective studies are needed to accurately estimate the bleeding risks in surgical patients treated with topical bovine thrombin and patients not exposed to topical bovine thrombin, and to establish the risk of bleeding attributed to topical bovine thrombin and to other identifiable factors. The following abbreviations are used throughout this paper: Medical Subject Headings (MeSH), Coronary artery bypass graft (CABG), and Recombinant human thrombin (rhThrombin). This review was funded by an unrestricted research grant by King Pharmaceuticals, Cary, NC 27513. 13037_2008_13_MOESM1_ESM.xls Additional file 1: Table 1. Risk of Bleeding Events in Published Surgical Studies (1997–2007). Table 2. Risk of Bleeding Events in Published Surgical Studies of Bovine Thrombin (1997–2007). These tables show the studies examined looking at bleeding events of surgical studies broken down by author, year, surgery type, number of patients, study design, definition of bleeding event, and risk of bleeds (XLS 33 KB) Matthew Reynolds, Sheila Crean, Srinath Samudrala, and John Clark currently consult for King Pharmaceuticals. This review was funded by an unrestricted research grant by King Pharmaceuticals, Cary, NC 27513 MR, SC, and JC contributed to the conception and design. MR, JC, and SS participated in the acquisition of data. MR, JC, SC, and SS took part in the analysis and interpretation of data. MR and SS drafted the manuscript. SS, SC, and JC provided to critical revision. 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J Applied Research. 2002, 2 (1): 1-11.Google Scholar Nalysnyk L, Fahrbach K, Reynolds MW, Zhao SZ, Ross S: Adverse events in coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) tri	-1.204884	-0.206813	-0.416242	0.547974	[ -1.0158686668565946, -1.3938990852602526 ]	[ -0.25128457951965993, -0.16234070045741625 ]	[ -0.2659303740592986, -0.5665541930993777 ]	[ 0.5297641542746483, 0.5661833380301886 ]	1,024	[ 512, 512 ]	[ 21076, 19302, 14207, 1102, 10170, 13, 11746, 2784, 306, 29892, 402, 14623, 29873, 399, 29892, 402, 4087, 501, 29892, 25911, 261, 323, 29892, 19387, 3169, 2423, 4415, 365, 29901, 24718, 21219, 9242, 263, 4655, 752, 1414, 2645, 425, 862, 359, 9708, 293, 25300, 708, 29901, 7418, 310, 278, 317, 1964, 9375, 2566, 29889, 10476, 264, 915, 4684, 2595, 317, 2007, 29889, 29871, 29906, 29900, 29900, 29945, 29892, 29871, 29941, 29929, 29900, 29901, 29871, 29896, 29906, 29947, 29899, 29896, 29941, 29941, 29889, 29871, 29896, 29900, 29889, 29896, 29900, 29900, 29955, 29914, 29879, 29900, 29900, 29946, 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Le BGM-109 Tomahawk est un missile de croisière destiné à être équipé d'une ogive nucléaire ou conventionnelle, conçu par les États-Unis dans les années 1970. Il peut être lancé d'un bâtiment de surface, d'un sous-marin (sous-marins d'attaque conventionnel, sous-marin nucléaire d'attaque (SNA), d'un sous-marin nucléaire lanceur d'engins (SNLE) ou sous-marin nucléaire lanceur de missiles de croisière (SSGN)). Historique La décision de fabriquer une version tactique du missile stratégique mer-mer SLCM fut prise en 1972. Deux prototypes pouvant être tirés par un tube lance-torpilles furent mis au point : le General Dynamics ZBGM-109 et le LTV ZBGM-110. Après essais, le BGM-109 Tomahawk fut retenu, et les premiers modèles de présérie virent le jour en 1977, pour finalement entrer en service opérationnel en 1983. Il était prévu que la version servant de vecteur nucléaire, le TLAM/N, soit construite à , 350 finalement ont été produites et 260 étaient en stock lors du début de leur retrait en 2010. En 2004 est entré en service le RGM-109E (nommé aussi , TacTom, TLAM-E, Tomahawk Block IV) qui, malgré une portée réduite, dispose de la capacité de reprogrammer le missile durant son vol pour attaquer une autre cible, peut survoler une zone cible pendant un certain temps, permet l'évaluation des dommages à travers une caméra de bord et dont les coûts de production sont moitié moindres que celui des Block III. Fin 2010, avaient été commandés. En 2013, un système de navigation pouvant être reprogrammé par une liaison satellite, couplé à un autodirecteur recherchant des sources électromagnétiques permettant d'engager des cibles mobiles, tels navires ou systèmes de défense antiaérienne, est testé sur le Tomahawk IV. En 2015, un test démontre la capacité du Tomahawk à détruire une cible mouvante au sol, en utilisant les informations fournies par un réseau de plates-formes. Le missile a fait face en 2015 à un arrêt de production prévu pour 2016, ce qui selon le blog ennuierait la firme Raytheon. Cette dernière annonce en effet que l'arrêt des commandes pourrait entraver sérieusement le fonctionnement des chaînes de production du missile. Mais le , un contrat pour la construction de et des pièces de rechange est signé et la production et amélioration du missile est assurée pour les années 2020. Caractéristiques La poussée initiale pour l'éjection hors du tube de lancement est fournie par un moteur-fusée à carburant solide, relayé ensuite par un turboréacteur Williams F107 pesant . Le missile est équipé d'un système de guidage inertiel et/ou d'un système GPS, ainsi que d'un autodirecteur à infrarouges pour une frappe assez précise (de l'ordre de quelques mètres). Il peut emporter plusieurs charges utiles, le BGM-109D Tomahawk emportant de type BLU-97. Il vole à une vitesse subsonique de (environ Mach 0,7) et sa portée maximale est de . Avec une tête conventionnelle, sa portée est de . Un système nommé TAINS (en ) guide le missile tiré sur des cibles terrestres à une vitesse subsonique () et volant à une altitude variant entre 20 et (pour éviter la détection radar) jusqu'à de son point de tir pour les TLAM-N, pour les TLAM	-0.456356	0.972023	-0.367222	0.782097	[ -0.5063494072690558, -0.40636310095214623 ]	[ 0.9541162199891933, 0.9899287916153877 ]	[ -0.49133879519032553, -0.2431042048308402 ]	[ 0.7170628135888559, 0.8471313270015002 ]	1,024	[ 512, 512 ]	[ 951, 350, 21576, 29899, 29896, 29900, 29929, 4335, 801, 20011, 707, 443, 3052, 488, 316, 8182, 275, 5289, 15422, 29948, 818, 7848, 20075, 29948, 270, 29915, 1540, 3671, 573, 4948, 695, 29948, 5218, 2123, 15687, 23497, 29892, 378, 24359, 610, 966, 12503, 29899, 11604, 1465, 966, 8595, 29871, 29896, 29929, 29955, 29900, 29889, 1720, 8164, 7848, 301, 4564, 29948, 270, 29915, 348, 21592, 2073, 316, 7101, 29892, 270, 29915, 348, 5898, 29899, 3034, 262, 313, 29879, 681, 29899, 3034, 1144, 270, 29915, 14975, 802, 15687, 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-C et E et pour les TLAM-D. Un second système, nommé DSMAC (pour l', se prononce ), stocke une représentation graphique de la cible telle que le missile doit la voir en phase finale, pour s'assurer que les deux correspondent. Entre du Tomahawk sont produits dans les années 2000/2010 chaque année à l'usine Raytheon de Tucson, en Arizona. Quelques , basées dans 24 États, participent également activement au fonctionnement de la chaîne de production. Son coût était de l'ordre de américains en 1999. Une commande de 361 TLAM Block IV est passée le pour un montant de , soit un coût unitaire de par missile ( euros, au cours du ). Ces missiles ont une recertification après de service, c'est-à-dire à mi-vie. La recertification permet de remédier à certaines obsolescences et de réaliser l'entretien des missiles voire de les améliorer. Les Tomahawks block IV recertifiés en 2019 verront une amélioration du système de communication et des systèmes électroniques. Une ogive à charge creuse, nommée Joint Multi-Effects Warhead System (JMEWS), testé la première fois en octobre 2010 est disponible. Le Tomahawk Bk IV modernisé sera aussi capable de frapper des cibles navales en mouvement. Renommée Block Va pour la version antinavire et Vb pour celle armée de la JMEWS, ces versions qui entreront en service en 2023 doivent remplacer toutes les anciennes versions du Tomahawk qui seront converties à ces standards. Le missile Tomahawk a été accusé de contenir de l'uranium appauvri. En effet, la revue spécialisée Jane's Defence Weekly a un jour indiqué que le missile contenait ce métal, avant de retirer l'information. Variantes Sept variantes du BGM-109 Tomahawk existent, employant divers types d'ogives : BGM-109A (TLAM-N) : Retirée du service entre 2010 et début 2013, équipée d'une ogive nucléaire W80 ; RGM/UGM-109B (TASM) : Variante anti-navire guidée par radar, retirée du service dans les années 1990 ; BGM-109C (TLAM-C) : Variante mer-sol équipée d'une charge unitaire ; BGM-109D (TLAM-D) : Variante mer-sol équipée de sous-munitions ; RGM/UGM-109E (TLAM Block IV) : Version améliorée du TLAM-C, appelée . Une capacité anti-navire testé à partir de 2015 sera opérationnelle en 2021; BGM-109G Gryphon (GLCM) : Version sol-sol retirée du service, équipée de l'ogive nucléaire W84 ; AGM-109H/L (MRASM) : Version air-sol jamais mise en service. La version GLCM tirée depuis des camions lance-missiles a été retirée du service actif et détruite, dans le cadre du traité sur les forces nucléaires à portée intermédiaire () de 1987. Vecteurs En 1996, l'US Navy avait totalisant à missiles pouvant emporter un Tomahawk, soit -marins () et de surface (). Il y avait alors plus de de croisière Tomahawk dans l'inventaire. Fin mars 2011, le stock est d'environ . Déploiement à partir de sous-marins Avec la chute du bloc soviétique et la détente qui a suivi sur le plan des armements nucléaires stratégiques, quatre sous-marins de la classe Ohio ont été convertis en sous-marins lanceurs de missiles de croisière (SS	-0.999433	0.800122	-0.740842	0.71186	[ -0.9610816496966442, -1.037783473720575 ]	[ 0.5243653604748608, 1.0758789635182542 ]	[ -0.7681060970853839, -0.7135769150396221 ]	[ 0.5973997812492233, 0.8263203648554771 ]	1,024	[ 512, 512 ]	[ 29899, 29907, 634, 382, 634, 29871, 1671, 966, 323, 4375, 29924, 29899, 29928, 29889, 853, 1473, 21423, 29892, 21624, 360, 29903, 1529, 29907, 313, 29886, 473, 301, 742, 409, 11504, 10646, 10353, 10961, 29872, 1597, 12450, 9233, 3983, 1387, 316, 425, 274, 1821, 260, 1808, 712, 454, 3052, 488, 16374, 425, 8689, 427, 8576, 10996, 29892, 1671, 269, 29915, 465, 9945, 712, 966, 4239, 3928, 296, 29889, 13, 13, 5292, 276, 29871, 868, 4335, 801, 20011, 3435, 1391, 1169, 1465, 966, 8595, 29871, 29906, 29900, 29900, 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GN selon la terminologie OTAN) et sont entrés en service en 2007. Les tubes de lancement contiennent chacun une dizaine de missiles Tomahawk ( au total), ce qui donne à chacun de ces sous-marins une puissance de feu considérable contre des objectifs terrestres. Depuis 1984, sur les sous-marins de la classe Los Angeles (sous-marin nucléaire d'attaque de l'US Navy), construits entre 1976 et 1995, à lancement vertical (VLS, ) pour les missiles Tomahawk sont montés entre le sonar avant et le kiosque. La dispose d'un armement similaire. La classe Seawolf s'impose comme le SNA le plus efficace qui soit. Les anglo-saxons l'ont qualifié de « » (« chasseur tueur »). Fort de ses 8 tubes lance-torpilles de , le SSN 21 Seawolf est le seul sous-marin au monde pouvant transporter , tels que les torpilles Mk-48 ADCAP, des missiles AGM-84 Harpoon anti-navires ou les dernières versions du Tomahawk, capables d'être tirées tant sur des navires que sur des cibles à terre. La Royal Navy a acquis et testé ses premiers Tomahawk en 1998. Le de la , emporte quatre UGM-109E Tomahawk tirés par tubes lance-torpilles. En 2010, tous les SNA britanniques peuvent emporter cette arme. Déploiement depuis un navire de surface Les navires de la classe Iowa sont une série de cuirassés construits pour l'US Navy durant la Seconde Guerre mondiale comportant quatre unités. Après sa dernière modernisation, en 1982, l', le premier navire de surface doté de ce nouveau système d'arme, pouvait emporter de croisière BGM-109 installés dans huit Armored Box Launcher (ABL) emportant chacun quatre missiles. Les autres navires en étant équipés sont sept destroyers de la classe Spruance à partir de 1984, les quatre croiseurs de la classe Virginia et le avec deux conteneurs par bâtiments. Le dernier navire embarquant des ABL a été retiré du service en 1998. Avec leurs systèmes de lancement verticaux, les croiseurs de classe Ticonderoga peuvent emporter un maximum de , les destroyers de classe Arleigh Burke 90 et les classe . Sur un destroyer britannique , l'artillerie navale pourrait notamment se composer de huit missiles de croisière Tomahawk anti-navires, qui pourraient être installés si le financement est suffisant, ce qui dans le contexte budgétaire des années 2010 n'est pas à l'ordre du jour. Utilisateurs : Des années 1980 à 1997, plus de avaient été commandés. Le nombre approximatif de missiles restant disponibles à l'inventaire au début des années 1990 était de . Ce nombre retombera à environ , en raison des utilisés en 1998 lors de l'opération et des 160 autres utilisés en au Kosovo. En août 2017, le Tomahawk Block IV destiné à l'US Navy est livré. : En 1995, le Royaume-Uni et les États-Unis s'accordent pour la vente de 65 Tomahawk destiné aux sous-marins nucléaires d'attaque de la Royal Navy. Les premiers sont livrés en novembre 1998. Le , le département de la Défense américain annonça une possible vente de du Block IIIC (TLAM), dotés de charges militaires conventionnelles. Ils seraient accompagnés de leur containers, d'une assistance technique, de pièces détachées et d'autres éléments relatifs au soutien logistique. Ce contrat était d'un coût estimé à . 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campagne par le sous-marin HMS Splendid. Ces missiles supplémentaires étaient nécessaires pour augmenter le volume de l'inventaire, ainsi que pour étendre la capacité d'emploi des unités sous-marines. Le Royaume-Uni possédant déjà de nombreux Tomahawks en inventaire, l'absorption de ces quelques exemplaires supplémentaires ne posa pas de grande difficultés. Carrière opérationnelle Un livre indique que pendant la guerre du Golfe de 1991, 297 Tomahawk avaient été tirés, dont 282 atteignirent leur cible (9 n'ont pas réussi à quitter le tube de lancement et 6 sont tombés à l'eau après avoir quitté le tube). De 2 à 6 missiles ont été abattus.. Un livre français écrit en 1995 et paru en 2001 indique lui 291 tirs. Le , durant l'opération Southern Watch, 45 TLAM ont été tirés et, le , pour l'opération Bushwhacker, 23 autres tirs ont été enregistrés. Le , durant les bombardements de la Bosnie-Herzégovine par l'OTAN en 1995, 13 BGM-109 Tomahawk de l'US Navy dévastèrent une tour de communication bosno-serbe, dans le cadre des opérations militaires visant à débloquer le siège de Sarajevo. Trois jours plus tard, les autorités bosno-serbes acceptèrent de retirer leurs armes, et des négociations débouchèrent sur les accords de Dayton deux mois plus tard, mettant fin à la guerre de Bosnie. Du 3 au , durant l'opération Desert Strike, 31 TLAM sont lancés à nouveau sur l'Irak. Durant l'opération Infinite Reach, effectuée le contre quatre camps d'entraînement d'Al-Qaïda en Afghanistan et une usine pharmaceutique au Soudan à la suite des attentats des ambassades américaines en Afrique, de croisière furent tirés depuis une dizaine de navires de guerre et cinq sous-marins. Le bilan humain de ces attaques fut réduit, avec un maximum de évoqués en Afghanistan et un garde tué au Soudan. Ces pertes humaines relativement faibles sont dues au fait que les missiles tirés étaient armés d'ogives unitaires anti-structurelles, et non de sous-munitions anti-personnel plus adaptées à ce type de missions, les navires n'ayant pas eu le temps d'être réarmés avant la date de l´opération. Du 17 au , environ 325 TLAM furent lancés de nouveau sur l'Irak, lors de l'opération Desert Fox. Durant la guerre du Kosovo, du au , alors que les opérations étaient encore en cours, 150 Tomahawk furent lancés certains par le HMS Splendid de la Royal Navy. Il s'agit de sa première utilisation au combat par le Royaume-Uni. Ils ont également été utilisés à environ lors de la guerre d'Afghanistan de 2001. Ils ont été utilisés le lors de l'opération liberté irakienne pour pilonner, entre autres, le quartier général de Saddam Hussein. Le , lors de l'opération Aube de l'Odyssée en Libye, dans le cadre de la résolution 1973 du Conseil de sécurité des Nations unies, 124 Tomahawk américains et britanniques ont été utilisés pour neutraliser des objectifs militaires, principalement des systèmes de défense antiaérienne à Tripoli et dans ses environs. Au , le Département de la Défense a déclaré qu'un total de BGM-109 Tomahawk américains et 7 britanniques avaient été lancés dans le cadre de cette opération. 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Top 10 best tv for series s If you're looking for the best tv for series s, you've come to the right place. We've got the perfect tv for you, whether you're looking for the best picture quality, the best sound quality, or the best value. We've got you covered. A Quick Comparison of best tv for series s Meta Quest 2 — Advanced All-In-One Virtual Reality Headset — 128 GB Check Price on Amazon Check Price on Amazon Xbox Series X Check Price on Amazon Check Price on Amazon Nintendo Switch with Neon Blue and Neon Red Joy‑Con – HAC-001(-01) Check Price on Amazon Check Price on Amazon $20 Xbox Gift Card [Digital Code] Check Price on Amazon Check Price on Amazon Xbox Series S Check Price on Amazon Check Price on Amazon best tv for series s reviews Meta Quest 2 — Advanced All-In-One Virtual Reality Headset — 128 GB This is the most advanced virtual reality headset on the market. It has a 128 GB memory and is compatible with all major gaming consoles. It has a comfortable design and a easy to use interface. This headset is perfect for gamers who want the most immersive experience possible. Brand: Meta Quest Manufacturer: Facebook Technologies, LLC Dimensions: Height: 4.96062 Inches Width: 7.36219 Inches Length: 10.2362 Inches Weight: 1.83 Pounds ` 1. The Meta Quest 2 is an all-in-one virtual reality headset that offers a great deal of flexibility and immersion for users. 2. The device is very comfortable to wear, even for extended periods of time, thanks to its ergonomic design. 3. The Meta Quest 2 comes with a 128 GB of internal storage, which is more than enough for most users. 4. The device is very easy to set up and use, thanks to its simple and straightforward design. 5. The Meta Quest 2 offers a great value for the money, thanks to its many features and benefits. 1.The product is too expensive for the average person to afford. 2. The product is not yet available to the public and may not be for some time. The Meta Quest 2 is the most advanced all-in-one virtual reality headset on the market. It has a powerful processor and 256 GB of storage, so you can enjoy the most immersive VR experiences without any lag or loading times. The headset is also comfortable to wear and comes with a controller for an even more realistic experience. Dimensions: Height: 5.1 Inches Width: 7.7 Inches Length: 16.5 Inches Weight: 1.83 Pounds ` 1. The Meta Quest 2 is a high-end virtual reality headset that offers a great experience with its advanced features and 256 GB of storage. 2. It is very comfortable to wear and offers a great view of the virtual world with its high-resolution display. 3. The Meta Quest 2 is very easy to use and comes with a lot of useful accessories, such as a controller and a camera. 4. It is a great product for those who want to have a realistic virtual reality experience. 5. The Meta Quest 2 is a great value for money and is definitely worth the price. 1) The high price point of the product may deter some potential customers. 2) Some users may find the headset uncomfortable to wear for extended periods of time. The Xbox Series X is an amazing console that has amazing features. The graphics are incredible and the gameplay is smooth. The console is also very quiet and the controllers are very comfortable. Overall, the Xbox Series X is an amazing console that I highly recommend. Brand: Xbox Dimensions: Height: 8.50392 Inches Width: 11.49604 Inches Length: 14.99997 Inches Weight: 9.8 Pounds ` Edition: Series X 1. Xbox Series X is the most powerful console ever made. 2. Xbox Series X will allow you to play games in 4K resolution at 60 frames per second. 3. Xbox Series X will come with a 1TB hard drive. 4. 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box console games. 5. Xbox Series X will have a new and improved controller. 1. One of the main disadvantages of the Xbox Series X is that it is very expensive. The console itself costs $499 and then you have to buy games which can cost up to $60 each. This can be a very pricey investment for some people. 2. Another disadvantage of the Xbox Series X is that it doesn't have as many features as the PlayStation 5. For example, the PlayStation 5 has a built-in 4K Blu-ray player which the Xbox Series X does not have. This means that if you want to watch 4K Blu-rays on your Xbox Series X, you will need to buy an external 4K Blu-ray player which can cost around $200. Nintendo Switch with Neon Blue and Neon Red Joy‑Con – HAC-001(-01) The Nintendo Switch is an amazing console that can be used as both a handheld and home console. It has two Joy-Con controllers that can be used together or separately, and they come in two great colors: Neon Blue and Neon Red. The Switch also has a huge library of amazing games, both first-party and third-party, that will keep you entertained for hours on end. Color: Neon Blue and Red Dimensions: Height: 1.0 Inches Width: 2.0 Inches Length: 2.0 Inches Weight: 0.6393405598 Pounds ` 1. The Nintendo Switch is a versatile console that can be used as a handheld device or connected to a TV for a traditional gaming experience. 2. The Joy-Con controllers can be used separately or together, allowing for a variety of gameplay options. 3. The Switch has a growing library of quality games, including first-party titles like The Legend of Zelda: Breath of the Wild and Super Mario Odyssey. 4. The Switch is a affordable console, making it a great option for budget-conscious gamers. 5. The Switch is a great console for gaming on the go, thanks to its portability and robust battery life. 1. The Nintendo Switch with Neon Blue and Neon Red Joy-Con – HAC-001(-01) is a bit more expensive than the original Nintendo Switch. 2. The Joy-Con controllers are not as comfortable to hold as the original Switch controllers. $20 Xbox Gift Card [Digital Code] With an Xbox Gift Card, you can buy the latest games, map packs, music, movies, TV shows, and more. There's something for everyone! Edition: Xbox 360 Digital Code The card can be used to buy games, add-ons, and other content from the Microsoft Store on Xbox One and Windows 10 The card can be used to buy Xbox Live Gold subscriptions The card can be used to buy Xbox Game Pass subscriptions The card can be used to buy Microsoft Store apps and content on Windows 10 The card can be used to buy movies and TV shows from the Microsoft Store 1. Can only be used on Xbox products and cannot be transferred to other devices or platforms. 2. There is no physical product to hold or touch. The Xbox Series S is an amazing console that has amazing graphics and is very affordable. It is a great console for people who want to game on a budget and still have a great gaming experience. Dimensions: Height: 5.0 inches Width: 11.5 inches Length: 14.25 inches Weight: 4.25 Pounds ` Edition: Series S 1. Small and lightweight – The Xbox Series S is much smaller and lighter than the Xbox Series X, making it more convenient to take with you on the go. 2. Affordable – The Xbox Series S is significantly cheaper than the Xbox Series X, making it a more affordable option for gamers. 3. Quiet – The Xbox Series S is a much quieter console than the Xbox Series X, making it more pleasant to play games in a quiet environment. 4. Energy efficient – The Xbox Series S uses less power than the Xbox Series X, making it more energy efficient. 5. 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exclusive games. 1. The Xbox Series S is not as powerful as the Xbox Series X, so it may not be able to run some of the latest games as well. 2. It also doesn't have a disc drive, so you'll need to download all your games and apps digitally. This is an Xbox Gift Card that can be used to purchase games, apps, movies, and other content from the Xbox Store. The card is delivered digitally, so you can use it right away. It's a great gift for any Xbox fan. The gift card can be used to buy Xbox games, accessories, or even Xbox Live Gold subscriptions Since it's a digital code, it can be sent to anyone, anywhere, instantly There's no need to worry about losing the card or having it stolen, as it can't be used without the code The card can be used even if the recipient doesn't have an Xbox, as they can use it to buy an Xbox The card never expires, so the recipient can use it whenever they want Gift cards are often used to launder money Gift cards can be used to buy items that can be resold for a profit This $30 Xbox Gift Card is the perfect way to show your appreciation to the gamer in your life! With this card, they can purchase the newest games, DLCs, and subscriptions to keep their gaming library fresh and up-to-date. 1. The Xbox Gift Card can be used to purchase games, movies, music, and other items from the Xbox Store. 2. The Xbox Gift Card can be used to extend your Xbox Live Gold subscription. 3. The Xbox Gift Card can be used to purchase in-game items from select Xbox games. 4. The Xbox Gift Card can be used to make purchases on the Windows Store for Windows 10 devices. 5. The Xbox Gift Card can be used to buy Xbox controllers and other accessories. 1. The $30 Xbox Gift Card [Digital Code] can only be used to purchase Xbox-related content and cannot be used to purchase other content or services. 2. The $30 Xbox Gift Card [Digital Code] does not offer any discounts or promotions and is only worth the value of $30. This is a great gift for the Xbox gamer in your life. With this card, they can purchase the latest and greatest games, add-ons, and more from the Xbox Store. Can be used to buy a wide range of Xbox games, products and services No fees or expiration dates Works on Xbox One and Xbox 360 Can be used to buy Xbox Live Gold subscriptions Can be used as a gift for family and friends The card cannot be used to purchase certain items, including content from the Xbox Live Marketplace. The card also cannot be used to purchase Xbox 360 content. This Xbox Gift Card is the perfect present for any gaming fan in your life! With a $60 value, it'll give them access to a ton of great games and other content on the Xbox Store. They can use it to buy the newest releases, or pick up some classics that they've been wanting to play. No matter what they choose, it's sure to be a hit! 1. Xbox Gift Cards can be used to purchase Xbox games, apps, and other content from the Microsoft Store. 2. Xbox Gift Cards do not expire, so you can use them at your convenience. 3. Xbox Gift Cards can be used to make purchases on Xbox One and Xbox 360 consoles. 4. Xbox Gift Cards can also be used to buy Xbox Live Gold subscriptions. 5. Xbox Gift Cards are a great gift idea for Xbox gamers. 1. The code can only be used on Xbox, so if you don't have an Xbox, it's useless. 2. The code can only be used to buy things from the Xbox store, so you can't use it to buy anything else. Buying Guide for best tv for series s Before purchasing a television, it is important to read customer reviews that are available online. This will give you an idea of what others have thought about the television you are considering. It is also important to compare prices and features before making a purchase. When you are looking for a new television, it is important to compare prices from different stores before making	-1.013129	-0.421982	-0.130241	-1.404355	[ -1.0870917891645302, -0.939166842832664 ]	[ -0.3297644728098749, -0.514199216684776 ]	[ -0.12516899715047167, -0.13531396125200873 ]	[ -1.2729854416246005, -1.5357238387181418 ]	1,024	[ 512, 512 ]	[ 29192, 8090, 29889, 13, 29896, 29889, 450, 1060, 1884, 10488, 317, 338, 451, 408, 13988, 408, 278, 1060, 1884, 10488, 1060, 29892, 577, 372, 1122, 451, 367, 2221, 304, 1065, 777, 310, 278, 9281, 8090, 408, 1532, 29889, 13, 29906, 29889, 739, 884, 1838, 29915, 29873, 505, 263, 2313, 7899, 29892, 577, 366, 29915, 645, 817, 304, 5142, 599, 596, 8090, 322, 11446, 13615, 635, 29889, 13, 4013, 338, 385, 1060, 1884, 402, 2027, 9160, 393, 508, 367, 1304, 304, 20590, 8090, 29892, 11446, 29892, 2351, 583, 29892, 322, 916, 2793, 515, 278, 1060, 1884, 14491, 29889, 450, 5881, 338, 20115, 13615, 635, 29892, 577, 366, 508, 671, 372, 1492, 3448, 29889, 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Q: How does PHP assign and free memory for variables? I was wondering when does PHP free the memory which is used for a variables for example function foo(){ $foo = 'data'; return $foo; // <- is the memory space for `$foo` emptied at this point? } is it slower than: function foo(){ return 'data'; } ? A: Well, let's find out! <?php $checkpoints = array( 'start' => memory_get_usage() ); $checkpoints['before defining demo1'] = memory_get_usage(); function demo1() { $foo = 'data'; return $foo; } $checkpoints['after defining demo1'] = memory_get_usage(); $checkpoints['before defining demo2'] = memory_get_usage(); function demo2() { return 'data'; } $checkpoints['after defining demo2'] = memory_get_usage(); $checkpoints['before calling demo1'] = memory_get_usage(); demo1(); $checkpoints['after calling demo1'] = memory_get_usage(); $checkpoints['before calling demo2'] = memory_get_usage(); demo2(); $checkpoints['after calling demo2'] = memory_get_usage(); $checkpoints['before calling demo1 with storage'] = memory_get_usage(); $storage1 = demo1(); $checkpoints['after calling demo1 with storage'] = memory_get_usage(); $checkpoints['before calling demo2 with storage'] = memory_get_usage(); $storage2 = demo2(); $checkpoints['after calling demo2 with storage'] = memory_get_usage(); echo '<pre>'; print_r($checkpoints); $last_key = 'start'; foreach($checkpoints as $key => $value) { echo "{$key} - {$last_key} = ", ($value - $checkpoints[$last_key]), "\n"; $last_key = $key; } Under PHP 5.3.6, my output is: Array ( [start] => 321920 [before defining demo1] => 322188 [after defining demo1] => 322788 [before defining demo2] => 322880 [after defining demo2] => 323188 [before calling demo1] => 323280 [after calling demo1] => 323368 [before calling demo2] => 323464 [after calling demo2] => 323552 [before calling demo1 with storage] => 323692 [after calling demo1 with storage] => 323896 [before calling demo2 with storage] => 324000 [after calling demo2 with storage] => 324204 ) and then start - start = 0 before defining demo1 - start = 268 after defining demo1 - before defining demo1 = 600 before defining demo2 - after defining demo1 = 92 after defining demo2 - before defining demo2 = 308 before calling demo1 - after defining demo2 = 92 after calling demo1 - before calling demo1 = 88 before calling demo2 - after calling demo1 = 96 after calling demo2 - before calling demo2 = 88 before calling demo1 with storage - after calling demo2 = 140 after calling demo1 with storage - before calling demo1 with storage = 204 before calling demo2 with storage - after calling demo1 with storage = 104 after calling demo2 with storage - before calling demo2 with storage = 204 It's very likely that the memory increase during the initial calls to demo1 and demo2 that discard the output is due to the creation of variables to store memory use. However, the bottom line here is the two storage examples, where both returning data directly and assigning it to a variable before returning it resulted in the same exact memory use for the given data. Conclusion: PHP seems smart enough in this simple test to not needlessly copy string variables -- though do keep an eye on the memory use difference between the two functions. 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Sin is the Spanish word for 'without' and is the quickest way to order an alcohol-free beer. Just ask for 'una sin'. From being practically undrinkable 10 years ago, the standard of sin-alcohol beers has really improved. Our favourite Spanish brand is Estrella Galicia but there are many more great options out there. We generally order whatever is on tap in a bar or restaurant as the taste and pour is always better than from a bottle or can. Alcohol-free beer on tap is available in most Spanish bars. If you want to have some alcohol but not full-strength, keep an eye out for low alcohol beers such as Radler which is mixed with lemon to bring down the alcohol content. Of course, Spain has its own home made lemon beer which is the 'clara' , a beer and lemon or soda combo – like a shandy – and you can state how strong or weak you want it. Another way to limit your alcohol intake while drinking beer is to order small glasses such as a 'mini-caña' or 'un corto' or, if in the Basque Country, 'un zurito' – all small measures of beer that measure roughly 20ml. Spain being one of the world's major wine producing countries, you'd expect to find quite a few grape juices on the market. 'Mosto' is the generic term for grape juice and is as easy to drink as it is to pronounce. It comes in both a red or white variety and is usually presented in a tumbler glass with an olive and a slice of orange. It's equally popular with adults and children and is often consumed before lunch during the aperitif hour. Another aperitivo favourite of ours is the 'Vermut Sin' made by Casa del Vermut in Cambrils – we are complete converts – it's an amazingly authentic taste and perfect for the designated driver or for that quick lunchtime drink when you have work piling up at the office. Try it when you see it on offer – you'll be amazed at how real it tastes – perfect for washing down platters of seafood or tapas at midday. You can now order alcohol-free vermouth! Check out the Casa del Vermut brand – their alcohol-free version is really amazing! It looks the same and tastes the same! Bright pink in colour, the drink is considered by many to taste like a blend of vermouth and soda. We like it as a sour alternative to sugary colas and fizzy lemons. Made by Kas (the most popular Spanish brand for fizzy orange and lemon drinks) it comes from our old home town of Vitoria in the Basque Country. It was designed as a sophisticated adult drink and although it has fallen in popularity in recent decades re-branding is seeing it recover some lost ground. The recipe is a well-guarded secret but we do know that it includes over 20 spices such as cinnamon, nutmeg and gentian root – which crops up in aperitifs and digestifs across Europe. Not something to order in a round of drinks, but this homemade broth or consommé is perfect if you want something to warm you up on a cold day and don't fancy a coffee. You'll spot lots of bars with signs saying 'hay caldo' especially in the cooler months and you should give this consommé a go at least once. If you fancy, ask the barman to pour in a small drop of 'jerez' as sherry goes especially well with caldo. Spain doesn't have many places serving frappucinos but during the Summer months, the spanish have long had their own solution. Ask for a café con hielo (or a café con leche y un vaso con hielo) and you'll be given your coffee and a separate glass with ice in it. Sweeten the coffee to your liking and heal it into the ice – perfect! If you are looking for a bit more glamour and you find yourself in glamorous surroundings, you should check out the 'cocktails sin alcohol' also known as 'cocktails virgin'. As fans of the mojito, we tend to order a mojito-sin but when we see a great choice of fresh fruits, we'll ask for the house special. 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holic cocktail for you or your kids! We're talking about freshly squeezed orange juice and not the bottled stuff. Some of the very best oranges in the world are grown in Valencia and almost every bar has a juicer. Local and delicious at any time of the day. It's traditional in Spain to have a chupito (shot-glass sized digestif) after a large meal and we have become big fans of the 'chupito-sin'. These schnapps-free drinks come in a dazzling array of flavours and lots of places are making their own so do ask what's available when you are offered a chupito. It's a great way to stay part of the sobremesa (after dinner chat) that is so intrinsic to Spanish dining. You have to try this whether you are on an alcohol-free trip or not. The horchata in Spain is made from the chufa or tiger nut (not to be confused with the rice milk of the same name from Mexico). It's a summer drink that is served cold, thick and creamy often with some cinnamon dusted on on top. Another must-try while in Spain. We'd recommend this on its own or with a pastry as a snack. Definitely not with anything savoury. You can pick up a pack in your supermarket or keep an eye out for the homemade versions in ice-cream parlours and bars too! We often make these ice-sorbets at home and love to order them out too. Again, you'll find them in some bars and ice-cream parlours. Perfect for a hot day when you don't want an ice-cream. If you are on a dairy-free diet, this is the treat for you! Homemade lemonade is another summer classic. It's not as easy to find as it once was so if you see it, give it a go. If you are staying in self-catering, we 100% recommend you picking up some lemons at the fruit market and whizzing up some lemon juice. Just add some cane sugar or honey and you're done! While we don't recommend this sweet soda as such, we do think you should know what it is because it crops up quite a lot. Often served in taverns with the more cheeky young red wines, it does help lighten the strength of flavour as well as reduce the alcohol count. But you can drink this on its own – or add it to a beer or alcohol-free beer to give it a bit of fizz or extra sweetness. It's not unlike 7-Up or Sprite and is very low in calories. Your typical menu-del-dia will often come with mineral water, casera and red wine as standard. Fans of 'tinto de verano' – the sangria-like wine-based drink that's very popular in the warmer months of the year – will be pleased to know it's now available in an alcohol-free variety. The original version is a combination of wine and Casera. This alcohol-free version is a combination of grape juice and Casera. If you want to try this outside Spain and can't find Casera, mix your grape juice with a combo of lemon soda and sparkling water. The fruitiest of summer drinks – Tinto de Verano – now comes in an alcohol-free version. Make sure to read whether it's Sin or not as they are sold right beside each other! If you see EminaZero in shops or restaurants, do give it a try. It's the first alcohol-free wine and is produced in red, white and pink, alongside its more conventional wines by Emina which operates from its bases in the Ribera del Duero and Rueda wine-growing regions. You can visit these wineries and enjoy the wines in situ and the winery also offers helicopter rides and hot air balloon rides over the vines! This is one you'll come across on dessert menus. It's a foaming sweet milk drink that's made with raw egg white, cinnamon and lemon zest. High on the calories and definitely one to try or to make at home. The hot chocolate that is consumed with churros in Spain is unlike any other hot chocolate on the market. 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Donnan potential and surface potential of a charged membrane. This can be combined with eqs and b to yield 4 Solving for y gives 5 Assuming that in both phases the charge density due to the polyelectrolyte is smaller than that of the other ions i. Similarly to the concentration shifts in , we see significant potential shifts at the boundaries between the ion-exchange and the free electrolyte domains. The more perfect our knowledge of these parameters, namely permeability and ionic concentrations, the more accurate our calculated values to the observed ones. Among those he assisted were and , who wrote their paper on the while in London. The electric fields surrounding cell proteins are less strong if there is intracellular acidosis. As the polyelectrolyte is spatially restricted, the phase-separated mixture is expected to carry an interfacial electric potential difference. In this case, the concentrations of B — and C — in the membrane are 0, and due to electroneutrality, the concentration of A + is always constant and given by the immobilized charge. . The membrane voltage will become zero, but the chemical gradient will still exist. Donnan, which refers to the distribution of species between two ionic separated by a semipermeable membrane or boundary. It was on this so-called Donnan equilibrium that he frequently was asked to lecture across Europe and America, and is largely the only scientific research for which he is remembered today. Various degrees of coverage with particles could be obsd. Our measurements clearly show that the charge of gelatin has a strong influence on the phase behavior of aqueous mixtures of dextran and gelatin and that these effects largely disappear on the addition of salt. Measuring the electric potential difference between the two phases is a challenge because the Donnan potential cannot be measured directly. Also, colloidosomes can have an elongated shape such that they may be used as microfluidic membranes or artificial arteries. Btw, since the establishment of donnan equilibrium involves formation of a double layer, is it correct to say that after this double layer is formed, we can measure the zeta potential of the layer? In this new equation system, we solve for N-1 concentration variables and the electric potential variable, keeping in mind that we can always derive the N th concentration from the other concentrations and the condition of electroneutrality. The investigations were carried out using equilibrated gelatin-rich and dextran-rich phases in a computer-controlled Couette device at 40° above the gelation point of gelatin and interfacial tensions were measured using the retracting drop method. As a result, we do not need to solve for any concentration variable in the membrane. The solutions may be or as well as ionic liquids, and as such the phase boundary between gels or a gel and a liquid can also act as a selective barrier. The results show a strong fractionation in molar mass for both components. The electric potential arising between two such solutions is called the Donnan potential. The cell depends too heavily on it. It is well-known that mixtures of two different polymers, so-called polymer blends, tend to phase separate. Further Boosting Model Convergence There is actually one more simplification of the model problem that can be done: We can assume that the ion-exchange membrane completely blocks all ions but A +. Some aspects of the stability of such flow patterns and the recovery of the phases at the channel exit are reviewed. This type of system is, for instance, used to separate biomolecules without denaturing them, but it has also been proposed as a method to obtain water-in-water emulsions. But wouldn't more K+ from side 1 to neutralize the negative charge due to Cl-? Simplified interpretation of the pacemaker potential as a tool for teaching membrane potentials. I know that electrical double layers are associated with zeta potential and stern potential. However, the Donnan potentials in these systems are due to the addition of salts composed of cations and anions with different partitioning coefficients and not due to charge on one of the polymers. All the results are well described by classical theories of drop deformation in shear flow which were originally developed for immiscible fluids , the only fitting parameter being the interfacial tension. The samples were centrifuged overnight at 20 °C at 100—200 g with the higher speeds for the more concentrated, viscous samples to obtain fully phase-separated samples. 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Two Munros and Two Corbetts South of Loch Earn. I left St Fillan, situated at the head of Loch Earn, at 0810 on Wednesday 30th April 2014. The plan was to walk a route from St Fillan to Lochearnhead walking over two Corbett's and Two Munros. I had a bus to catch at Lochearnhead at 1705 and therefore I had just under 9 hours to complete this walk. With the calculated ascent and distance I was sure that I had given myself plenty of time but due to the complete clagged in conditions above 500m for the round and the lumpy undulating nature of the terrain, it turned out to be a pretty tight schedule indeed. The weather was pleasant as I walked along the road which follows the Loch Earn shoreline. The birds were singing and spring was in the air. The weather on Tuesday had been clear skies with blazing sunshine so I wondered if I was going to get a tad sunburnt today, but alas I was sadly mistaken. The weather had turned. It was nice and clear below the hills but around approximately 500m there was a heavy layer of mist consuming all within. I thought to myself that as I progressed the mist would surely lift and the sun would come shining through but this was not to be the case. The tarmac road runs all the way to Ardvorlich and beyond and the distance to Ardvorlich from St Fillan, where walkers usually park their cars, is approximately 8kms. I was walking at quite a good pace and reckoned this part of the journey would take me 1 hour. As I neared Ardvorlich a Landrover and trailer combination, which had passed me in the opposite direction earlier, pulled up beside me with the driver winding down his window. He said "you are surely tanking along". Ha ha "wait till you see me struggling later" I said. We had a chat about the walk and he shook his head saying "why don't you wait till you can see the route. You won't see nothing up there today". And, ironically, after wishing me a fine day he drove on. He had a point though. I had planned this route a while ago and had already one failed attempt at it in the snow this year. The sunny weather of yesterday had given false hope about the possible weather conditions and here I was. Should I stop? Would you? I think it takes a lot to stop us walkers. If I was to wait for good weather for my walks then I would never have finished my Munro round. Mind you a walk of this nature in the clag is not always a good idea but hey ho as they say. This was the day and this was the hour and all that. As I reached the hump back bridge over the Ardvorlich burn there were two cars parked up with walkers getting ready for their Munro fix. I spoke to the lady, I think she spoke with a French accent, briefly and her walk for the day was to be Ben Vorlich. I nodded to the chap and continued on my way. Turning Left off the main track and then taking a Right turn in front of the cottages and then a Left turn in front of Advorlich house, the route clearly signposted at this point. The track meanders along the side of the burn climbing as it goes. After approximately 1.5km the track splits. The right hand fork is the route to Ben Vorlich so I take a Left and continue on my way. After another kilometer or so and crossing a large wooden bridge the track arrives at a couple of wiers. From here on the track, still an ATV track, is a bit overgrown but can still be followed into the hillside. The terrain is lumpy for want of a better description and the ATV track starts to head of in the direction of Beinn Domhnuill. I arrived at a large boulder and noticed a steel flask standing upright on top. There was no one around and when I opened the flask it contained cold tea. I decided to remove the flask from the hillside and later I will raise a post on the lost items forum on Walkhighlands. So after stowing the flask in my rucksack, I continue up the Glen for a bit then decide to take a direct route heading Slightly South of East ascending to the beallach below Beinn Domhnuill. At this point I enter the clag. 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s on. Meal na Fearna is just under 1km away in a Southeasterly direction but I can't see more than maybe 15 metres in any direction. Its a bit debilitating but I have two gps devices with me and a compass. I normally take a map but on this occasion I didn't have one with me. Forgetting the gps location and route identification capabilities of my devices, each of them have full maps on display so it is just as easy to take an approximate compass bearing from them should I not have a gps signal. And unlike maps they are both fully waterproof. If both were to fail I just need to walk North to get back to Loch Earn. But as usual the gps signal was strong and and an accurate fix on my position was evident. There are some large peat hags on this beallach and they took a bit of meandering to get through. In the process I found myself off course, heading East on a couple of occasions and had to correct my route. However once I started the final ascent up to Meall na Fearna it was pretty much plain sailing and I was soon at the summit. I had allowed 3 hours to get from St Fillan to Meall na Fearna summit and I arrived here 20 minutes ahead of schedule. It was a little bit windy on top so I take a bearing West and head down the pathless hillside. Its approximately 1km to the base of the Glen dropping 250m and the hillside is not very steep. In fact this would make a good alternative ascent to this Corbett.. It doesn't take long to arrive back in the Glen and I stop for a good break and have some lunch. Cheese and Ham sandwich, some chocolate and some chocolate raisins, a favourite hill food of mine. My route now is to head directly West climbing a steep 300m up the East flank of Ben Vorlich then join the South East ridge for the final 150m of ascent to the summit. The rain had stopped so I removed my waterproof trousers before ascending as I figured I was going to get pretty hot during the ascent. I came across a couple of rocky crags but it was easy enough to find a route through them. There are two summits to Ben Vorlich, East and West about 20m apart with the trig point on the West summit the recognised top. I arrived at the East summit to be greeted by the two walkers I had met at the car parking area. They may have walked in together and had decided to walk to the second summit just in case it was higher. After a brief chat I continued to the trig point to stop and have more refreshments. I had planned on getting to this point in 4 hours and I was pleased to see that I was pretty much on schedule. Unfortunately the clag had not lifted and the only thing in view was the trig point. After a minute or two the lady came past and headed into a large steep snowfield on the North face making her way down the mountain. I could hear the other walker talking loudly so I think he was talking on the phone. It then went quiet and peace and tranquility returned. My next target was Stuc a Chroin and I was soon on my way. There is a well eroded path that descends the steep South West face of Ben Vorlich so I could put my mind in neutral and tab on. Care has to be taken but its not too bad. The distance between the summits is just under 2km and the path is well worn. That is until I started to ascend Creag Chassain to get to the North top of Stuc a Chroin. Just as the path starts a steep ascent there was a large snow field. I didnt want to walk on it and decided to go over the large rocks on the left side. The path was now no where to be seen so I decided just to ascend directly up the prow of the crags. The rock was wet and a bit slippy and it wasn't one of my best decisions but I had never been up this side of Stuc a Chroin and thought to myself "How hard could it be" hahaha. After a few scary moments I was at the North top with a small cairn. It was now an easy walk to the summit of Stuc a Chroin and again I was on schedule, 5 hours from St Fillan. My final summit of the day was to be Beinn Each. 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Supplementary MaterialsSupplementary Body 1. degenerating neurons of sufferers with and mouse Don Martinez June 17, 2019 My Blog Supplementary MaterialsSupplementary Body 1. degenerating neurons of sufferers with and mouse types of polyglutamine disease.11, 12 We make reference to this cell loss of life process seeing that linker cell-type cell loss of life (LCD). LCD in is certainly unaffected by mutations preventing BMS-650032 cell signaling apoptosis, necrosis or autophagy.7, 13, 14 Similarly, LCD morphology is exhibited by some dying vertebrate cells carrying mutations in caspases/caspase regulators.4, 15 So, LCD represents a book non-apoptotic cell loss of life plan. Three regulatory modules promote LCD starting point in (Supplementary Body S1). In a single component, two opposing Wnt ligands, EGL-20/Wnt and LIN-44/Wnt, promote and inhibit LCD, respectively, and are detected by different transduction machineries within the cell.16 A second module, consisting of heterochronic developmental timing pathway gene products, including the transcription factor LIN-29, works in parallel to Wnt signaling.16 A third module, consisting of the scaffold protein TIR-1/Sarm, the mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase (MAPKK) SEK-1, and the glutamine-rich protein PQN-41,17, 18 also promotes LCD in parallel to the Wnt and LIN-29 pathways.16 Importantly, mouse and Sarm mutations BMS-650032 cell signaling block axon distal segment degeneration following axotomy,19 suggesting that this protein's function in non-apoptotic cell death may be conserved. All three LCD modules function upstream of or in parallel to the heat-shock factor 1 (HSF-1) transcription aspect. Although HSF-1 can protect cells from stressors,20 it really is necessary for LCD by inducing appearance from the conserved E2 ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme Permit-70/UBE2D2 (Supplementary Body S1). Various other ubiquitin proteasome program (UPS) elements, including E3 ligase elements BMS-650032 cell signaling CUL-3, RBX-1, SIAH-1 and BTBD-2, are necessary for LCD also.16 To recognize additional transcriptional regulators of LCD that function with HSF-1, we performed a genome-wide RNA interference display screen and analyzed candidate gene mutations. Right here, we characterize the jobs of four transcriptional regulators. We present that NOB-1/Hox and EOR-1/PLZF are needed cell for loss of life autonomously, which both work as area of the Wnt signaling component managing LCD onset. We also present that Tailless/TLX-related NHR-67 features cell autonomously in the linker cell and provides two different actions: one promotes LCD upstream of HSF-1, as well as the various other prevents precocious appearance of Permit-70/UBE2D2. Finally, we demonstrate the fact that Place-16/MLL3/4 H3K4 methyl transferase, and also other the different parts of this complicated, features as well as or downstream of HSF-1 to regulate Permit-70/UBE2D2 cell and appearance loss of life. Our outcomes support the construction for LCD for the reason that we defined previously,16 uncover conserved proteins that function to market LCD and demonstrate that transcription elements control LCD at distinctive levels. IGFIR Outcomes NOB-1/Hox features in Wnt signaling to market LCD The linker cell dies simply anterior towards the male tail, where Wnt signals regulating LCD are expressed particularly. We wondered whether various other confined cues might control cell loss of life spatially. Hox genes are expressed in restricted domains throughout metazoans spatially. We examined whether mutations in five midbody/posterior Hox genes result in inappropriately surviving linker cells. 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, mutations in and do not affect LCD. A strong is not expressed in the linker cell,21, 22, 23 and mutant males exhibit disorganized tails,24, 25 suggesting an indirect role in LCD. However, 31% of is the main Hox gene required for LCD. (b) NOB-1::GFP is usually expressed in both migrating (left) and dying (right) linker cells. (c) is not required for expression of a functions upstream of or in parallel to the Wnt signaling pathways required for LCD. (e) and are not required for expression. (f) is required for promoter. Three impartial is required for LCD, that this NOB-1B isoform is likely functional and that NOB-1 functions cell autonomously. To further examine the NOB-1 site of action, we followed expression of a 15-kb genomic transgene, made up of the locus fused. Supplementary MaterialsFigure S1: Changes in pyrimidine biosynthetic enzymes gene expression with Supplementary MaterialsFigure S1: Changes in pyrimidine biosynthetic enzymes gene expression with induction of MYC in HO. determine by microarray analysis. Blue line: without 4-OHT; Red line: with 4-OHT. Solid line: average over replicates, Dashed line:single replicates. Time points 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8,10,12,16, 20 and a day [35].(1.41 MB TIF) pone.0002722.s002.tif (1.3M) GUID:?19ABF768-FA84-43B8-8117-91F934551110 Figure S3: IMPDH1 and IMPDH2 are directly attentive to MYC induction. (A) Myc binding to focus on genes in P493-6 cells Perampanel tyrosianse inhibitor pursuing MYC induction was assessed. An immunoblot is showed with the inset of Myc appearance in P493-6 cells withdrawn Perampanel tyrosianse inhibitor from tetracycline. ChIP was performed with P493-6 cells at different period factors (0 hr, 6 hr, 10hr, and 26 hr) after drawback of tetracycline. Beliefs reveal the percentage of total insight DNA. (B) Myc induces IMPDH1 or IMPDH2 Perampanel tyrosianse inhibitor appearance that correlates immediate Myc binding to these genes. Club graphs represent mRNA appearance of every nucleotide synthesis gene in accordance with 18S rRNA control as dependant on real-time PCR Perampanel tyrosianse inhibitor in P493-6 cells.(1.07 MB TIF) pone.0002722.s003.tif (1.0M) GUID:?E39A0A4C-AE96-4EBF-A434-02DBB1B7DFCB Desk S1: Response of nucleotide biosynthetic genes to MYC(0.06 MB DOC) pone.0002722.s004.doc (54K) GUID:?D954EB0F-3414-4970-9A0F-103E797812EF Desk S2: Primers useful for real-time PCR assays(0.06 MB DOC) pone.0002722.s005.doc (63K) GUID:?0CFCD95A-ECDD-4D81-B064-789DE0798D3A Desk S3: Primers useful for ChIP assays(0.04 MB DOC) pone.0002722.s006.doc (36K) GUID:?4E607C6B-3789-4A37-8E36-0A3617	-1.722621	-0.478834	-0.426031	0.779496	[ -1.6459193641960246, -1.7993230122438857 ]	[ -0.3503567014949367, -0.6073119029128813 ]	[ -0.21900991508968962, -0.6330512624836716 ]	[ 0.8471313270015002, 0.7118600730523502 ]	1,024	[ 512, 512 ]	[ 29892, 5478, 800, 297, 322, 437, 451, 6602, 365, 6530, 29889, 319, 4549, 338, 451, 13384, 297, 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28873F Abstract History The c-Myc transcription aspect is a get good at regulator and integrates cell proliferation, cell growth and fat burning capacity through activating a large number of focus on genes. Our identification of direct c-Myc target genes by chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) coupled with pair-end ditag sequencing analysis (ChIP-PET) revealed that nucleotide metabolic genes are enriched among c-Myc targets, but the role of Myc in regulating nucleotide metabolic genes has not been comprehensively delineated. Methodology/Principal Findings Here, we report that the majority of genes in human purine and pyrimidine biosynthesis pathway were induced and directly bound by c-Myc in the P493-6 human Burkitt's lymphoma model cell line. The majority of these genes were also responsive to the ligand-activated Myc-estrogen receptor fusion protein, Myc-ER, in a Myc null rat fibroblast cell line, HO.15 MYC-ER. Furthermore, these targets are also responsive to Myc activation in transgenic mouse livers in vivo. To determine the functional significance of c-Myc regulation of nucleotide metabolism, we sought to determine the effect of loss of function of direct Myc targets inosine monophosphate dehydrogenases (IMPDH1 and IMPDH2) on c-Myc-induced cell growth and proliferation. In this regard, we used a specific IMPDH inhibitor mycophenolic acid (MPA) and found that MPA dramatically inhibits c-Myc-induced P493-6 cell proliferation through S-phase arrest and SCDO3 apoptosis. Conclusions/Significance Taken together, these results demonstrate the direct induction of nucleotide metabolic genes by c-Myc in multiple systems. Our finding of an S-phase arrest in cells with diminished IMPDH activity suggests that nucleotide pool balance is essential for c-Myc's orchestration of DNA replication, such that uncoupling of these two processes create DNA replication stress and apoptosis. Introduction MYC, which encodes the c-Myc (herein termed Myc) Perampanel tyrosianse inhibitor transcription factor, is frequently altered in human cancers [1]C[3]. A compilation of Myc regulated genes and studies on alterations of MYC in human cancers are available on-line at www.myccancergene.org [4]. This compilation highlights the critical role of MYC in human cancers and the importance of Myc target genes in mediating its oncogenic activity. The causal role of MYC in tumorigenesis is usually underscored by the tumors due to its ectopic appearance in various tissue of transgenic mice [5]C[9]. After initial research demonstrating that compelled appearance of MYC in lymphoid tissue led to lymphoid hyperplasia and lymphomas, practically all various other research of constitutive or inducible MYC in tissue from epidermis to liver led to neoplastic transformation from the targeted tissues. Research with these versions have also uncovered that MYC mediated tumorigenesis contains the concurrent activation of cell development and proliferation along. Supplementary Materials SUPPLEMENTARY DATA supp_44_3_1342__index. Our results lend strong support to Supplementary Materials SUPPLEMENTARY DATA supp_44_3_1342__index. Our results lend strong support to the lately rising conception that individual mt tRNAs can take part in book cytoplasmic processes indie from mitochondrial proteins synthesis. Launch Polypyrimidine tract-binding proteins (PTB or PTBP1) can be an abundant multifunctional RNA-binding proteins implicated in a variety of aspects of mobile mRNA metabolism, including pre-mRNA polyadenylation and splicing, mRNA export, balance and translation initiation (1,2). PTB holds four RNA reputation motifs (RRM1 to RRM4) with specific RNA-binding properties (3,4). 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B (PTBP2) and Fishing rod1 (PTBP3), which as opposed to the portrayed PTB, accumulate within a tissue-restricted way fairly. nPTB displays the most effective accumulation in human brain, testis and muscle, while Fishing rod1 is certainly portrayed in hematopoietic cells (5 preferentially,6). Tubastatin A HCl tyrosianse inhibitor PTB is certainly a nucleocytoplasmic shuttle proteins with predominant nucleoplasmic deposition (7,8). The main function of nuclear PTB is within managing substitute exon selection during pre-mRNA splicing (1,9). Through binding to CU-rich exonic or intronic pre-mRNA sequences, PTB induces exon often missing or much less, exon inclusion depending on the actual sequence context (10C12). PTB has been also proposed to modulate pre-mRNA 3 end processing and polyadenylation upon binding to 3 UTR sequences (13). In the cytoplasm, PTB has a well-documented role in promoting internal ribosome entry site (IRES)-mediated mRNA translation initiation (14). PTB is considered to be a general IRES trans-acting factor that binds to specific structures in the 5 untranslated region (UTR) of mRNAs and promotes recruitment of the translation initiation machinery to IRESs (15). PTB promotes IRES-mediated translation of both viral Tubastatin A HCl tyrosianse inhibitor and cellular mRNAs under stress conditions, including viral contamination and apoptosis, which inhibit cap-dependent translation initiation (2). Through binding to the 3 UTR of mRNAs, PTB can control the cytoplasmic stability and localization of mRNAs (16C18) or it can regulate mRNA translation through promoting or suppressing microRNA (miRNA) binding (19C21). Mitochondria are essential membrane-bound cytoplasmic organelles which produce cellular ATP by oxidative phosphorylation and control intrinsic apoptosis. The human mitochondrial genome encodes 13 mitochondrial proteins dedicated to oxidative phosphorylation, two mitochondrial rRNAs (12S and 16S) and the minimal set of 22 mitochondrial tRNAs (mt tRNAs) necessary and sufficient for mitochondrial protein synthesis (22). In other eukaryotes, the mitochondrial genomes frequently lack a few or sometimes most tRNA genes. Moreover, the mitochondrial DNAs of certain species are even completely devoid of tRNA genes. In these cases, mitochondrial protein synthesis is supported by nuclear-encoded tRNAs imported from the cytoplasm (reviewed in (23,24). Interestingly, it has been found that human cytoplasmic (cyt) tRNAGln and yeast cyt tRNALys are efficiently imported into the mitochondria, albeit both human and yeast mitochondria encode the complete set of mt tRNAs required for mitochondrial protein synthesis (25C27). This suggests that the molecular mechanism supporting mitochondrial importation of cyt tRNAs is usually preserved during evolution. Although the major function of mt tRNAs is in mitochondrial protein synthesis, recent observations have raised the intriguing possibility that mt tRNAs might play novel, unforeseen roles in the cytoplasm highly. First, individual argonaute-2 (Ago2) proteins, an essential component Tubastatin A HCl tyrosianse inhibitor from the RNA-induced silencing complicated (RISC), continues to be reported to particularly connect to mt tRNAMet exported in to the cytoplasm (28). Tubastatin A HCl tyrosianse inhibitor Recently, individual mt tRNAs have already been demonstrated to take part in managing apoptosis in the cytosol (29). Intrinsic apoptotic indicators promote mitochondrial membrane permeabilization release a mitochondrial pro-apoptotic protein, like the apoptosome activator cytochrome (Cyt and Tubastatin A H	-0.490769	0.945163	0.565957	1.747205	[ -0.8898585273887087, -0.09168017113968102 ]	[ 0.25577107327840304, 1.6345550808868863 ]	[ 0.00671553616951033, 1.125197828363973 ]	[ 1.4402437481631578, 2.0541671314708383 ]	1,024	[ 512, 512 ]	[ 29933, 313, 7982, 29933, 29925, 29906, 29897, 322, 12030, 292, 15382, 29896, 313, 7982, 29933, 29925, 29941, 511, 607, 408, 15869, 304, 278, 2011, 25724, 349, 24895, 29892, 18414, 5987, 2629, 263, 260, 15118, 29899, 5060, 4146, 287, 982, 12558, 29889, 302, 7982, 29933, 14423, 278, 1556, 11828, 18414, 2785, 297, 5199, 17294, 29892, 1243, 275, 322, 2301, 2841, 29892, 1550, 12030, 292, 15382, 29896, 338, 8959, 2011, 25724, 297, 298, 4579, 12861, 2035, 293, 9101, 313, 29945, 5821, 9247, 29892, 29953, 467, 323, 431, 579, 21203, 319, 379, 6821, 7911, 1883, 713, 344, 297, 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Cl tyrosianse inhibitor stop its relationship using the cytoplasmic protease activating aspect 1 (Apaf-1) to be able to inhibit Apaf-1-mediated caspase activation and apoptosis (29). Hence, mt IL5RA tRNAs become harmful regulators of apoptosis (31). Right here, we demonstrate that individual polypyrimidine tract-binding protein PTB, nPTB and Fishing rod1 bind with great performance and specificity to mt tRNAThr in a variety of individual and mouse cell lines. Through making use of its RRM2 and RRM1 domains, PTB forms a primary relationship using the T-loop as well as the D-stem-loop parts of mt tRNAThr. We also demonstrate that PTB and mt tRNAThr relationship takes place in the cytoplasm beyond mitochondria which is increased upon induction of apoptosis. Thus, besides providing support to the emerging view that mt tRNAs may possess novel cytoplasmic functions, our results also point to a possible role of PTB. The spindle checkpoint means that newly born cells receive one copy The spindle checkpoint means that newly born cells receive one copy of every chromosome by preventing chromosomes from segregating until all of them are correctly mounted on the spindle. we inhibited chromatin extend by tethering sister chromatids jointly by binding a tetrameric type of the Lac repressor to arrays from the Lac operator situated on either aspect of the centromere. Inhibiting chromatin extend didn't activate the spindle checkpoint; these cells got into anaphase at the same time as control cells that exhibit a dimeric edition from the Lac repressor, which cannot mix hyperlink chromatids, and cells whose checkpoint continues to be inactivated. There is absolutely no prominent checkpoint inhibition when sister kinetochores are kept jointly: cells expressing PNU-100766 tyrosianse inhibitor the tetrameric Lac repressor still arrest in response to microtubule-depolymerizing medications. Tethering chromatids will not disrupt kinetochore function together; chromosomes are segregated to contrary poles from the spindle successfully. Our outcomes indicate how the spindle checkpoint will not monitor inter-kinetochore parting, assisting the hypothesis that tension can be assessed inside the kinetochore thus. Author Overview The spindle checkpoint screens Rabbit polyclonal to FABP3 pressure on chromosomes to tell apart between chromosomes that are properly and incorrectly mounted on the spindle. Pressure can be generated across a properly attached chromosome as microtubules from opposing poles put on and draw kinetochores aside, but are resisted from the cohesin that keeps sister chromatids collectively. This pressure generates parting between kinetochores as pericentric chromatin exercises looked after elongates the kinetochores. To monitor pressure, the separation could possibly be measured from the checkpoint between kinetochores or the stretch within them. We inhibited the power of pericentric chromatin to extend by tethering sister centromeres to one another, and we asked if the resulting decrease in inter-kinetochore separation activated the spindle checkpoint artificially. Inhibiting inter-kinetochore parting does not hold off anaphase, and the timing of mitosis was the same in cells with or without the spindle checkpoint, showing that the checkpoint is not activated. Inhibiting chromatin stretch does not alter the function of kinetochores as chromosomes are still segregated correctly, nor does it hinder the checkpoint. Cells PNU-100766 tyrosianse inhibitor whose sister kinetochores are held together can still activate the checkpoint in response to PNU-100766 tyrosianse inhibitor microtubule depolymerization. Our results indicate the spindle checkpoint does not monitor inter-kinetochore separation and likely monitors tension within kinetochores. Introduction Faithful chromosome segregation is essential. Mistakes lead to aneuploidy [1], cancer PNU-100766 tyrosianse inhibitor progression [2], and birth defects [3]. 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es, eukaryotes have evolved the spindle checkpoint, which monitors the kinetochore, a large multi-protein complex that assembles on centromeric DNA and attaches microtubules to chromosomes. In allele that inhibits mitotic exit [27]. Cells were synchronized in G1 with alpha factor, raised to the restrictive temperature, washed and released at the restrictive temperature to arrest cells in anaphase (Figure 3A). Cells were collected for scoring three hours after release from their G1 arrest, allowing cells to proceed to and arrest in anaphase as previously described [9], [27], [28]. Cells were stained with DAPI to confirm their arrest. Anaphase cells are large-budded and have DNA masses in each cell (Figure 3B); 991.5% of cells scored displayed this morphology. Correct segregation of the GFP-LacI bound chromosome was scored by the presence of one GFP dot in each mother and daughter cell, and mis-segregation was scored by one cell possessing both copies of the chromosome (two GFP dots in one cell) (Figure 3C). As a control, the segregation of GFP-labeled Chromosome III was also measured in cells with a conditional centromere. The promoter was placed upstream of promoter disrupts centromere function and the chromosome is mis-segregated a high frequency [29]. Just like previous research using the conditional centromere [28], we discovered that 961% of cells cultivated in glucose properly segregated the chromosome, but right segregation occurred in mere 416% of cells cultivated in galactose (Shape 3E). The current presence of tetrameric Lac repressor. microRNAs (miRNAs) are little, non-coding RNAs which have been proven to microRNAs (miRNAs) are little, non-coding RNAs which have been proven to play a crucial function in regular physiology and disease, such as hematopoietic development and malignancy. in vivo practical result of mast cell-specific Rabbit Polyclonal to EDG3 Dicer deletion using an IgE-dependent passive systemic anaphylaxis (PSA) murine model. IgE sensitized crazy type and heterozygous mice display designated hypothermia with antigen; however, homozygous mice were completely unresponsive to antigen challenge. These studies suggest a critical part for Dicer and miRNA manifestation for establishment of cells compartments of practical mast cells in vivo. Intro Mast cells are essential effectors of allergic and inflammatory reactions [1]. They also participate in normal innate immune reactions to bacteria and parasites [2]. Dysregulated proliferation of mast cells manifest in diseases that range from harmless cutaneous mastocytosis to mast cell leukemia [3]. They derive from hematopoietic stem cells in the bone tissue marrow, however they migrate and have a home in the connective tissues of epidermis, lung, and gastrointestinal system mucosa. Regular mast cell advancement is Fisetin kinase activity assay dependent on the network of transcription elements [4] which organize the appearance of vital gene goals. The function of epigenetic regulators of gene appearance in mast cells, such as for example miRNAs, is not studied thoroughly. miRNAs are little, non-coding RNA nucleotides, about 18 to 24 bottom pairs in proportions, and so are portrayed inside a tissue-specific and developmentally-regulated fashion. They function primarily as bad regulators of protein manifestation. The RNase III endonuclease, Dicer, is necessary for adult, double-stranded miRNAs. Inhibition of Dicer by RNAi or gene focusing on results in global depletion of miRNA manifestation [5,6]. miRNA profiling experiments have recognized the expression pattern of miRNAs in bone marrow derived mast cells (BMMC) during development [7,8]. Our group previously recognized the miR-381 and miR-539 cluster that regulates Mitf manifestation in response to c-Kit signaling [9]. 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show assignments for miRNAs in cell routine proliferation and legislation, aswell simply because degranulation and apoptosis [10C13]. Global depletion of miRNAs through deletion of Dicer function continues to Fisetin kinase activity assay be demonstrated to possess critical assignments in regular differentiation and function of myeloid cells such as for example neutrophils, macrophages, and dendritic cells [14C16]. The function of global depletion of miRNA in mast cells is normally yet unexplored. To be able to address this relevant issue, we produced mice using a mast cell-selective deletion of Dicer by crossing the mice had been extracted from the Jackson Lab (Club Harbor Me personally) and previously defined [5]. Both of these strains are on the C57BL/6 history. Six to 12 week previous mice had been used to acquire splenocytes and bone tissue marrow and had been also employed for the anaphylaxis tests. Mice had been preserved in the Johns Hopkins University or college Animal Facilities in strict accordance with institutional recommendations. All experiments were authorized by the Johns Hopkins University or college Animal Care and Use Committee. Passive systemic anaphylaxis (PSA) and active systemic anaphylaxis (ASA) The passive and active systemic anaphylaxis experiments were previously explained [19]. For passive systemic anaphylaxis, mice were given 10 ug of anti-DNP IgE and were challenged 24 hours later with 1 mg of DNP-HAS antigen (Sigma-Aldrich, St Louis) intravenously. For active systemic anaphylaxis, mice were immunized by intraperitoneal injection of 50 mcg OVA mixed with 1 mg Alum and challenged 2 weeks later on by 1 mg OVA intravenously. For both passive and active anaphylaxis models, body temperature and medical scores, including survival were recorded every 10 Fisetin kinase activity assay minutes up to 90 moments after challenge. The t-test was utilized for analysis of body temperature change and clinical scores. The log-rank (Mantel-Cox) test (chi-square) was used for survival analysis. At the completion of the passive and active anaphylaxis experiments, mice were euthanized with a combination of Ketamine/Xylazine (400 mg/40 mg/kg) given intraperitoneally. Quantification of tissue mast cells Indicated tissues from mice of different genotypes were harvested and fixed in 10% buffered formalin, sectioned and stained with 0.5% toluidine blue (Sigma Aldrich, St. Louis, MO). For each sample, mast cells, as identified by the presence of metachromatic granules stained by toluidine blue. 5 to 10 fields were counted under 50X magnification. Average numbers of mast cells in a given field are represented. For identification of mast cells in the peritoneal cavity, peritoneal fluid was obtained by lavage, cytospined, and stained with Wright giemsa. Total cells and mast cell percentage were determined by counting cells from 5 to 10 fields under 50X magnification. Results and. The recent identification of colon cancer tumor-initiating cells adds further support The recent identification of colon cancer tumor-initiating cells adds further support to the cancer stem cell hypothesis. cells, is definitely a cell division in which one or both of the resulting daughter cells remains undifferentiated, retaining the ability to give rise to another stem cell with the same capacity to proliferate as the parental cell [1,2]. In addition to self-renewal, stem cells have the capacity to differentiate, generating cells in each organ. Cancer stem cells are defined by similar characteristics, mainly their abilities to self-renew, a characteristic that drives tumorigenesis, and to (aberrantly) differentiate, a property that generates the bulk of cells within a tumor. These self-renewing cancer stem cells might constitute only a small fraction of the cells within a tumor, with the bulk of the tumor composed of more differentiated cells that lack self-renewal capacity. The landmark discoveries described in Refs	-0.88438	0.347093	0.384615	1.200918	[ -0.9336881411166691, -0.8350715102287583 ]	[ 0.09103324379790895, 0.6031530180524884 ]	[ 0.1563537566671822, 0.6128771412363506 ]	[ 1.1697012402648579, 1.232134126702927 ]	1,024	[ 512, 512 ]	[ 1510, 3566, 1860, 363, 3737, 29934, 29940, 2887, 297, 3038, 26529, 410, 29880, 9633, 362, 322, 13332, 362, 29892, 408, 5872, 3763, 1363, 316, 629, 273, 2785, 322, 16798, 415, 19263, 518, 29896, 29900, 29907, 29896, 29941, 1822, 12002, 316, 552, 12757, 310, 3737, 29934, 29940, 2887, 1549, 7374, 291, 310, 28550, 261, 740, 18172, 304, 383, 275, 300, 262, 19015, 559, 6354, 1223, 388, 367, 28585, 304, 22592, 12187, 3566, 1860, 297, 4943, 1422, 11685, 322, 740, 310, 590, 295, 3398, 9101, 1316, 408, 363, 1342, 11553, 19783, 2719, 29892, 11758, 561, 1179, 29892, 322, 270, 355, 768, 293, 9101, 518, 29896, 29946, 29907, 29896, 29953, 1822, 450, 740, 310, 5534, 316, 552, 12757, 310, 3737, 29934, 3521, 297, 286, 579, 9101, 338, 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[3,4] substantiated these hypotheses for leukemia. To identify the leukemic stem cell, the authors provided the proof that leukemia was reconstituted even in sublethally irradiated mice with leukemic cells expressing markers that are also found in normal hematopoietic stem cells, including CD34+CD38? and CKIT+. Furthermore, repopulation studies revealed evidence of self-renewal in these leukemic stem cells. With these markers, and further robust enrichment by described by others [5,6], the stage was set to determine whether solid organ malignancies also possessed such tumor-initiating cells, or cancer stem cells. In addition to the property of self-renewal, cancer stem cells might also be relatively resistant to commonly used cancer therapies, such as radiation and chemotherapy. Indeed, evidence for such a subpopulation of chemotherapy- and radiation-therapy-resistant cancer stem cells has been described in brain cancers and breast cancers [7,8]. These studies use both and animal model systems. In addition, recent evidence for the existence of chemotherapy-resistant cancer stem cells has been directly generated from neoadjuvant studies of human breast cancer [8]. In total, these studies give strong support for the cancer stem cell hypothesis and suggest that improved outcomes of therapies might require targeting of this crucial cancer stem cell population. Colon cancer stem cells are found in primary colon Il6 cancer Three recent studies provide evidence for the existence of colon cancer tumor-initiating cells, or colon cancer stem cells in known colon cancer. Adapting techniques used in the prospective identification of human breast cancer stem cells, flow cytometric analysis was employed to identify cells with surface markers that might correlate using the stem cell tumorigenic phenotype. In the 1st two of the articles, Compact disc133 was used to recognize the cells that got tumor-initiating potential. In a single research, OBrien used Compact disc133 and isolated cells from seven major digestive tract malignancies and ten extracolonic (metastatic) sites [9]. The tumorigenic cells had been put into the renal capsule of NOD/SCID (nonobese diabetic/severe mixed immunodeficiency) mice. The percentages of Compact disc133+ cells in the tumorigenic populations ranged from 3.2C24.5%, whereas in the coordinating normal tissues, the percentage of CD133+ cells ranged from 0.4C2.1%. The next research also used Compact disc133 like a marker to recognize and isolate cancer of the colon tumor-initiating cells [10]. Bortezomib kinase activity assay In this scholarly study, these cells had been perpetuated as floating colonies, or tumor spheres, that have been enriched inside a tumorigenic human population and taken care of in serial passages. The CD133+ spheres generated a variety of CD133 and CD133+? populations, which just the Compact disc133+ human population was tumorigenic. This demonstrates the pluripotent potential of the subpopulation. Inside a third research, Dalerba employed Compact disc44 and epithelial surface area antigen (ESA) as stem-cell-specific markers, with further enrichment supplied by Compact disc166 [11]. As with the breast tumor model, cancer of the colon xenografts had been dissociated as well as the putative digestive tract cancer-initiating cells had been isolated by movement cytometry and injected into NOD/SCID hosts. In each full case, just Bortezomib kinase activity assay 200C500 cells had been had a need to reconstitute a tumor, which resembled the initial resected Bortezomib kinase activity assay cancer of the colon phenotypically. In comparison, as much as ten thousand. Supplementary MaterialsSUP FIG 1. physiology of FVIII production and secretion. evidence Supplementary MaterialsSUP FIG 1. physiology of FVIII production and secretion. evidence that FVIII mRNA is present in a variety of tissue through the entire physical body.(Lenting et al., 1998; Wu et al., 2009) Furthermore, the power of endothelial cells to	-0.621488	0.995301	0.695305	1.445446	[ -0.10657539143004255, -1.1364001046084855 ]	[ 1.7778053673916638, 0.2127959873269698 ]	[ 1.399111859105474, -0.008501909982795286 ]	[ 1.8252465478645845, 1.0656464295347425 ]	1,024	[ 512, 512 ]	[ 518, 29941, 29892, 29946, 29962, 5960, 3656, 630, 1438, 13752, 21523, 363, 454, 2679, 29747, 29889, 1763, 12439, 278, 454, 2679, 331, 293, 20805, 3038, 29892, 278, 15717, 4944, 278, 5296, 393, 454, 2679, 29747, 471, 17789, 277, 3860, 1584, 297, 1014, 280, 386, 635, 3805, 3665, 29875, 630, 286, 625, 411, 454, 2679, 331, 293, 9101, 4653, 292, 29320, 393, 526, 884, 1476, 297, 4226, 298, 4579, 12861, 2035, 293, 20805, 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co-store FVIII with von Willebrand Aspect (VWF), previously referred to as Aspect VIII-related antigen (FVIIIR:Ag), works with a job for these cells being a releasable storage space pool for FVIII. Nevertheless, the possibility is available that various other cell types present through the entire body which have not really been clearly discovered (Doering et al., 2002; Ragni and Lamont, 2005; Xu et al., 2005), can contribute also, if at smaller sized amounts also, to circulating FVIII. Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSC) have already been isolated from a number of tissue including bone tissue marrow, liver organ, lung, spleen, skeletal muscles, kidney, human brain and thymus (analyzed in (Bianco et al., 2008; Almeida-Porada and Porada, 2010)). A lot of MSC inside the physical is thought to have a home in and are based on the perivascular specific niche market,(Crisan et al., 2008; Sacchetti et al., 2007; Gronthos and Shi, 2003; Zannettino et al., 2008) a spot that could allow these cells to secrete FVIII into flow. Nevertheless, to your knowledge, no-one provides ever reported over the innate capability of the cells expressing FVIII. We hypothesized that MSC, present through the entire body and seated in best perivascular places ubiquitously, could constitute another putative way to obtain FVIII production. Many markers have already been used to recognize and isolate MSC from bone tissue marrow and various other tissue. (Caplan and Bruder, 2001) Between the many reported, Stro-1(Caplan and Bruder, 2001; Torok-Storb and Simmons, 1991) is able to select populations of human being MSC from your bone marrow as well as from several other cells (examined in (Porada and Almeida-Porada, 2010)). Here, we demonstrate for the first time, to our knowledge, that populations of MSC isolated from human being lung, liver, mind, and bone marrow based on Stro-1 positivity communicate RNA and secrete practical FVIII protein, and that this protein is not stored within the cell, but is definitely released into the tradition supernatant. NVP-BGJ398 tyrosianse inhibitor MATERIALS AND METHODS Isolation and tradition of Human being MSCs Heparinized NVP-BGJ398 tyrosianse inhibitor human being BM was from healthy donors after educated consent relating to recommendations from the Office of Human Study Protection in the University or college of Nevada at Reno. Human being fetal bone, liver, lung, and mind were purchased from Advanced Bioscience Resources (Alameda, CA). Four different donors were used for each tissue. Stro-1+/CD45- MSC were isolated, cultured expanded, and confirmed to meet the criteria of MSC by circulation cytometric analysis and differentiation into bone, cartilage, and adipocytes, as previously described (Airey et al., 2004; Chamberlain et al., 2007; Colletti et NVP-BGJ398 tyrosianse inhibitor al., 2009). Briefly, Stro-1+ CD45- MSC isolated from the different tissues were maintained on gelatin-coated flasks using MSC growth media (MSCGM, Lonza, Walkersville, MD) in a humidified 37C incubator at 5% CO2. Culture of Human Hepatic Sinusoidal Endothelial Cells (HHSEC) and Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells (HUVEC) HUVEC were purchased from Lonza, and grown in EGM-2 culture media (Lonza, Walkersville, Hoxa10 MD as per vendor instruction. Hepatic Sinusoidal Endothelial Cells (HHSEC) were purchased from Science Cell Research Laboratories and grown in endothelial cell media (ECM) (Science Cell	-0.740564	0.288002	0.099288	1.039633	[ -0.5474396701390185, -0.9336881411166691 ]	[ 0.5315278748000998, 0.04447690068385626 ]	[ 0.13606382846410806, 0.06251283872796425 ]	[ 1.2009176834838924, 0.8783477702205348 ]	1,024	[ 512, 512 ]	[ 1302, 29899, 8899, 383, 29963, 5287, 411, 1005, 26173, 16472, 1094, 1103, 313, 29963, 29686, 511, 9251, 12992, 304, 408, 1094, 1103, 15682, 29899, 12817, 3677, 2101, 313, 29943, 29963, 5287, 29934, 29901, 14769, 511, 1736, 411, 263, 4982, 363, 1438, 9101, 1641, 263, 337, 280, 294, 519, 8635, 2913, 11565, 363, 383, 29963, 5287, 29889, 25678, 29892, 278, 13331, 338, 3625, 393, 5164, 916, 3038, 4072, 2198, 1549, 278, 4152, 3573, 607, 505, 451, 2289, 1063, 9436, 10943, 313, 6132, 3241, 634, 394, 1696, 29871, 29906, 29900, 29900, 29906, 29936, 390, 351, 1240, 322, 12718, 609, 29892, 29871, 29906, 29900, 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Research Laboratories , Carlsbad CA). Activated partial thromboplastin time. Supplementary Components1. in weight problems. The amount of adult adipocytes in Supplementary Components1. in weight problems. The amount of adult adipocytes in white adipose cells (WAT) of adults can be tightly controlled, despite their continual turnover5. PU-H71 tyrosianse inhibitor As adult adipocytes are post-mitotic6, 7, modification in adipocyte quantity happens via disruption of the total amount between prices of adipogenesis and adipocyte loss of life. Therefore, characterization from the adipocyte cellular lineage is necessary for mechanistic knowledge of WAT development and homeostasis. Different methods have already been utilized to review adipocyte precursors ex lover and in vivo vivo. One common technique is to tradition the complete stromal-vascular small fraction (SVF) from adipose cells and choose cell populations by their adherence to plastic8, 9. The cells derived from this method are referred to as preadipocytes or adipocyte-derived stem cells. However, these cells have not been shown to have de novo adipogenic capacity in vivo and their relationship to adipocyte lineage cells in vivo is not known. Alternatively, several groups used fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) in a prospective approach to identify adipogenic cell populations from various tissues1, 10-12. Two cell populations derived from WAT, defined by the marker profiles Lin?:CD34+:CD29+:Sca-1+:CD24+ (CD24+) PU-H71 tyrosianse inhibitor and Lin?:CD34+:CD29+:Sca-1+:CD24? (CD24? ), are adipogenic in vitro but only the CD24+ population is capable of generating a functional WAT depot upon transplantation into a residual WAT depot of lipodystrophic mice1, indicating that the CD24+ population contains adipocyte progenitors. Cells with similar marker profiles have already been been shown to be adipogenic inside the skeletal and epidermis10 muscle tissue11. Hereditary approaches have already been utilized to research the adipocyte mobile lineage also. A PU-H71 tyrosianse inhibitor previous research showed, through crossing mice into reporter lines that exhibit cytoplasmic GFP and -galactosidase, that brands mature adipocytes2, 13, recommending an endothelial origins for white adipocytes as brands endothelial lineages14. Nevertheless, for research of WAT the mobile specificity of reporters that stain the cytoplasm is certainly challenging to delineate provided the paucity of cytoplasm in older adipocytes as well as the high vascularity of WAT. To get over this restriction, we utilized a mouse strain harboring a fluorescent Cmembrane dTomato/membrane eGFP (mice demonstrates GFP expression in mature adipocytes of all WAT depots assayed, with no GFP fluorescence in the absence of Cre expression, indicating that the reporter model is appropriate for PU-H71 tyrosianse inhibitor lineage tracing of mature adipocytes (Fig. 1a and Supplemental Fig. 1a). Flow cytometry analysis of the SVF from models (Supplemental Fig. 2a) demonstrates that this model is also suitable for the study of potential precursor populations. However, flow RBBP3 cytometry analysis of WAT shows there are no GFP+ cells in the SVF (Fig. 1c, Supplemental Fig. 1b), indicating that the promoter is not active in immature adipocyte lineage cells and thus, mice are not useful for identification of adipocyte precursors in adult WAT. Open in a separate window Physique 1 Adipocytes are derived from PdgfR+ precursor cells in subcutaneous WAT. (a) Confocal images of whole-mounted SWAT from indicated 4-week aged Cre:male mice (red: membrane-targeted PU-H71 tyrosianse in	-0.911773	-0.226803	0.24005	0.992808	[ -1.191187121768436, -0.6323595467369417 ]	[ -0.5195711024287051, 0.06596444365957288 ]	[ 0.15128127461641366, 0.3288181463933125 ]	[ 0.7430765162713848, 1.2425396077759385 ]	1,024	[ 512, 512 ]	[ 10550, 16715, 1061, 583, 1919, 1704, 3137, 12313, 12766, 467, 21775, 630, 7687, 266, 456, 29890, 459, 4230, 262, 931, 29889, 13, 20182, 944, 653, 422, 9340, 29896, 29889, 297, 7688, 4828, 29889, 450, 5253, 310, 16157, 594, 666, 22502, 2167, 297, 13, 20182, 944, 653, 422, 9340, 29896, 29889, 297, 7688, 4828, 29889, 450, 5253, 310, 16157, 594, 666, 22502, 2167, 297, 4796, 594, 666, 852, 9101, 313, 29956, 1299, 29897, 310, 16157, 29879, 508, 367, 19932, 368, 20704, 29892, 15020, 1009, 2145, 950, 2507, 957, 29945, 29889, 349, 29965, 29899, 29950, 29955, 29896, 7911, 1883, 713, 344, 297, 6335, 2105, 1094, 16157, 594, 666, 22502, 2167, 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hibitor dTomato; green: membrane-targeted eGFP, indicating Cre excision of dTomato). (b) Confocal images of membrane targeted eGFP and Isolectin GS-IB4 Alexa Fluor 647 staining endothelial cells of SWAT. (c) Quantification of flow cytometry analysis of SVF populations from indicated 4-week. Metastatic disease may be the major reason behind fatalities in cancer Metastatic disease may be the major reason behind fatalities in cancer individuals, but few therapies are made to target the metastatic process. model program (Cooke et al. 2012), which is foreseeable P7C3-A20 kinase activity assay that macrophages may enhance metastasis via this system, than via an enhance in the amount of vessels rather. However, it has yet to become analyzed experimentally. VEGF-A appearance with a subset of vascular-associated macrophages expressing Link2 in addition has been shown to market cancers cell intravasation by raising the permeability from the endothelium (Harney et al. 2015). This is apparently true in sufferers as well, as the colocalization of macrophages, tumor cells and endothelial cells is usually associated with breast cancer patients that develop systemic, but not lymph node metastasis (Robinson et al. 2009). This P7C3-A20 kinase activity assay Tie2+ macrophage populace may be responsible for many of the angiogenic phenotypes associated with the general macrophage populace. Critically, neutralizing angiopoietin 2 C the ligand for Tie2 C reduces the association of macrophages with the vasculature and diminishes pulmonary metastasis (Mazzieri et al. 2011). This includes inhibiting the afterwards steps from the metastatic procedure, although it has not really been associated with macrophage function directly. Neutrophils Much like macrophages, tumor-associated neutrophils possess the potential to market invasion, angiogenesis, and ECM degradation based on their appearance from the essential substances (Liang and Ferrara 2016). Having said that, little is find out about the function of neutrophils in the first steps from the metastatic procedure, and there's a comparative paucity of in vivo data demonstrating efficiency. G-CSF appearance leads to a systemic extension from the neutrophil people (Casbon et al. 2015) and multiple CXCR1/2 ligands have already been implicated in neutrophil recruitment to tumors and improved metastasis, including CXCL1, CXCL2, CXCL5, and CXCL8/IL-8 (Bekes et al. 2011; Toh et al. 2011; Acharyya et al. 2012; Zhou et al. 2014). In a few complete situations that is linked with a rise in MMP appearance, and MMP9-deficient mice screen decreased metastasis (Yang et al. 2008; Yan et al. 2010); nevertheless, to time the need for MMPs in regional invasion has just been showed in xenotransplantation assays (Bekes et al. 2011). While several studies show neutrophil depletion decreases metastasis, that is connected with an immunosuppressive phenotype generally, which is not yet determined which stage from the metastatic procedure is normally affected (Simpson et al. 2012; Coffelt et al. 2015). For instance, neutrophil depletion was reported to haven't any influence the amount of circulating 4T1 cells (Granot et al. 2011), and in another orthotopic style of breasts cancer tumor neutrophil depletion decreases both lung and lymph node metastasis without impacting primary tumor development (Coffelt et al. 2015). 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the metastatic procedure (Granot et al. 2011; Acharyya et al. 2012; Cools-Lartigue et al. 2013; Coffelt et al. 2015). T Lymphocytes Compact disc4+ T cells had been first described to market the early techniques of metastasis in the MMTV-PyMT style of breasts cancer tumor, with an approximate 5-collapse reduction in circulating tumor cells and pulmonary metastasis observed in CD4-deficient animals (DeNardo et al. 2009). This was mediated by TH2-polarized CD4+ T cells expressing P7C3-A20 kinase activity assay IL-4 enhancing the pro-tumor phenotype of macrophages, including augmentation of the CSF-1/EGF paracrine loop. IL-4 also promotes cathepsin protease activity in macrophages within pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors, leading to enhanced local invasion (Gocheva et al. 2010b). TH2-polarization is definitely specific to tumor CD4+ T cells in the MMTV-PyMT model (DeNardo et al. 2009), and this appears to be powered by high levels of CCL5 chemokine manifestation within late stage tumors (Zhang et al. 2015). It is likely that IL-13 will have related effects on macrophage polarization within tumors given that neutralization of either IL-4 or IL-13 generates an equivalent increase in the effectiveness of paclitaxel chemotherapy (Shiao et al. 2015). CD4+ TH2 cells can therefore promote invasion indirectly by modulating the phenotype of macrophages. SURVIVAL AND EXTRAVASATION Monocytes Classical Ly6C+ inflammatory and non-classical Ly6C? patrolling monocytes appear to have opposing functions in murine Rabbit Polyclonal to KCNMB2 models of lung metastasis. True to their name, Ly6C?CCR2loCX3CR1hi monocytes continually patrol the lumen of the endothelium. Advanced glycation end products (AGEs) might play a pathophysiological role in Advanced glycation end products (AGEs) might play a pathophysiological role in the development of diabetes and its complications. proinsulin production. The results showed that GS increased oxidative stress, reduced protein expression of all investigated factors through proteasome activation, and decreased proinsulin content. Furthermore, GS reduced capability of MafA and PDX-1 to bind DNA. Coincubation with GLP-1 reversed these GS-mediated harmful effects. Suvorexant tyrosianse inhibitor In conclusion, GLP-1, protecting cells against oxidants, triggers protective intercellular pathways in HIT-T15 cells exposed to GS. 1. Introduction Pancreatic beta cell dysfunction is usually a key pathophysiological target in diabetes mellitus [1C3]. The concept that glucose via glycation as well as glucotoxicity is one of the main damaging molecules is usually widely accepted [4, 5]. Furthermore, hyperglycemia increases the production of AGEs, a group of compounds derived from the nonenzymatic reaction between reducing sugars and proteins, lipids, and DNA [6]. It is well known that a long-lasting deleterious effect of hyperglycemia persists independently of the level of glucose [7C9]. This memory might be explained by the persistent overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) directly induced by AGEs via the activation of their receptors [10]. Furthermore, the increase in pancreatic beta-cell responsiveness to oxidants [11, 12] might result in a decreased nuclear availability of the regulators of insulin promoters PDX-1 (pancreatic and duodenal homeobox-1) and MafA (v-maf musculoaponeurotic fibrosarcoma oncogene homologue A) [13C16]. Recently, we also showed that exposure of pancreatic beta-cells to AGEs decreased glutathione (G	-0.498816	0.14699	0.265412	1.492271	[ -0.5419609684230235, -0.4556714163961016 ]	[ 0.47422776019818874, -0.18024698627051342 ]	[ 0.3541805566471552, 0.17664368487025636 ]	[ 1.4402437481631578, 1.5442985588932732 ]	1,024	[ 512, 512 ]	[ 278, 1539, 579, 2454, 8792, 313, 29954, 661, 327, 634, 394, 29889, 29871, 29906, 29900, 29896, 29896, 29936, 15542, 653, 3761, 634, 394, 29889, 29871, 29906, 29900, 29896, 29906, 29936, 315, 8789, 29899, 29931, 442, 12137, 634, 394, 29889, 29871, 29906, 29900, 29896, 29941, 29936, 315, 2696, 2152, 634, 394, 29889, 29871, 29906, 29900, 29896, 29945, 467, 323, 365, 962, 561, 22502, 2167, 3831, 627, 2313, 29946, 29974, 323, 9101, 750, 1063, 937, 5439, 304, 9999, 278, 4688, 13698, 310, 1539, 579, 25101, 297, 278, 28880, 8050, 29899, 19737, 11490, 3114, 310, 2078, 19416, 23900, 21622, 272, 29892, 411, 385, 26368, 29871, 29945, 29899, 27756, 20376, 297, 18342, 1218, 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#GaysForTrump Official Group Support Our News Subscribestar #MagaFirstNews Article Archive #MAGA News Network PeterBoykin.com MagaFirstNews.com MagaOneRadio.net MagaOne.com US1ANews.com TrumpLovesWinning.com GaysForTrump.org VoteForDJTrump.com PeterBoykinMAGA TheMAGANetwork MagaOneRadio MAGAFIRSTNEWS VoteForDJTrump GaysForTrumpOrg #MarchForTrump USA #LGBTexit US1ANews TrumpLovesWinning Peter Boykin The MAGA Network #MAGAFirstNews US1A News NC TRUMP CLUB March 4 Trump 2020 Official GROUP March For Trump 2020 OFFICIAL GROUP MARCH4TRUMP – North Carolina Trump Loves Winning Americans With Trump TRiUMPENCE The Trump Organization Friends All American Human Beings Behind Pres. Trump Deplorable Gays Friends Who Like Gays for Trump Gay Republicans EXIT EXTREMISM MAGA Radio MAGARadio MAGAFirstRadio MAGA First Radio American War MagaFirst News Thank God for the deep state? Former CIA Director McLaughlin Seems to Love it… do You? It seems the former Acting CIA Director John McLaughlin is praising the "Deep State" and it's a role in the current mess with have with the impeachment inquiry into President Donald Trump. McLaughlin was referring to the fact that an intelligence officer filed the whistleblower complaint about President Trump's July call with Ukraine, in which there was a conversation that the Democrats have described as showing Trump inappropriately asked a foreign country to interfere in the 2020 elections by investigating his political rival. The former intelligence official spoke at an event hosted by George Mason University, joined by former Deputy FBI Director Andrew McCabe and former CIA Director John Brennan. It should be noted that both of whom have been critical of the president. Also to be pointed out is that this whole impeachment inquiry is just signally more and more every day that the conspiracy theories of a"Deep State" are more likely than ever, confirming Trump's concerns and Tweets. "There is something unique you have to agree that now that the impeachment inquiry is underway, sparked by a complaint from someone within the intelligence community, it feeds the president's concern, an often-used term about a 'deep state' being there to take him out," Stated by CBS reporter Margaret Brennan "Well, you know, thank God for the 'deep state'," McLaughlin responded, provoking laughter and applause. He went on to praise the intelligence community. "This is the institution within the U.S. government — that with all of its flaws, and it makes mistakes — is institutionally committed to objectivity and telling the truth," "It is one of the few institutions in Washington that is not in a chain of command that makes or implements policy. Its whole job is to speak the truth — it's engraved in marble in the lobby." "With all of the people who knew what was going on here, it took an intelligence officer to step forward and say something about it, which was the trigger that then unleashed everything else," These comments came just before the House voted to approve a resolution for ground rules in the Democrats' impeachment inquiry into Trump. Opinion: Looking into this is that this was all over the fact that Trump just wanted to know why Biden was able to pressure Ukraine into dropping a legal case and inquiry into Biden's son. It's all a bit odd that our President Trump would be getting impeached over the exact thing that Joe Biden actually did when all Trump did was ask questions. More Double Standards of course! What do you think? Share and leave comments Follow Peter Boykin – https://t.me/PeterBoykin President Trump to Address Values Voters Summit 2019 : Pretty Sure the Leftist Gays Will Cry… President Trump to Address Values Voter Summit 2019 WASHINGTON	-1.256932	-0.919777	-1.50742	-0.834655	[ -1.7993230122438857, -0.7145400724768673 ]	[ -1.1874755632572302, -0.6520776174456243 ]	[ -1.9385813303002242, -1.0762593816695727 ]	[ -1.2079511849182785, -0.4613579179297006 ]	1,024	[ 512, 512 ]	[ 396, 29954, 1036, 2831, 2308, 3427, 10564, 6431, 13, 14039, 8680, 10130, 13, 4035, 7588, 13318, 279, 13, 29937, 29924, 7781, 6730, 29328, 21746, 9000, 13, 29937, 1529, 12739, 10130, 8527, 13, 23686, 8431, 29891, 9089, 29889, 510, 13, 29924, 7781, 6730, 29328, 29889, 510, 13, 29924, 7781, 6716, 21818, 29889, 1212, 13, 29924, 7781, 6716, 29889, 510, 13, 3308, 29896, 2190, 809, 29879, 29889, 510, 13, 2308, 3427, 29931, 586, 267, 17734, 1076, 29889, 510, 13, 29954, 1036, 2831, 2308, 3427, 29889, 990, 13, 29963, 866, 2831, 29928, 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— On October 12, President Donald Trump will address the 14th annual Values Voter Summit taking place at the Omni Shoreham Hotel in Washington, D.C. This will be Donald Trump's fourth trip to the Summit, including in 2017 when he became the first sitting president to attend. President Trump will be the keynote speaker Saturday night at Family Research Council's Faith, Family, and Freedom gala. At the gala, Family Research Council will honor Pastor Andrew Brunson with the Cost of Discipleship Award on the one-year anniversary of his release. For nearly two years, Pastor Brunson was imprisoned and confined to house arrest in Turkey over false charges. The Trump administration's energetic diplomacy played a major role in securing Brunson's release. "Under the Trump administration, more has been done to secure religious freedom abroad than under any other president in living memory," said Family Research Council President Tony Perkins. "President Trump has made religious freedom a priority in his foreign policy, appointing Sam Brownback as Ambassador-at-Large for Religious Freedom, and choosing a Secretary of State, Mike Pompeo, who has made religious freedom a priority. This emphasis has yielded tangible results, including an annual Ministerial to Advance Religious Freedom, dedicated funds to protect houses of worship, sanctions against regimes notorious for their religious persecution, and the release of Pastor Andrew Brunson and others imprisoned for their faith around the world. Weeks ago, President Trump also became the first sitting president to emphasize the need to protect international religious freedom in a speech before the U.N. General Assembly," concluded Perkins. Thousands of grassroots activists from around the country will gather in the nation's capital to hear from President Trump. FRC Action's Values Voters Summit is sponsored by American Family Association, American Values, Judicial Crisis Network, and Family Research Council, and co-sponsored by Columbia International University, Truth & Liberty Coalition, and Timothy Plan with The Daily Signal as Media Sponsor and Bott Radio Network as Radio Row Sponsor. Samaritan's Purse is participating as a Faith in Action Partner. An exhibit hall, book signings, radio row, media row, and much more will be packed into this three-day conference. For a schedule and more information on this year's Values Voter Summit, please visit: http://www.valuesvotersummit.org/ Check (Privilege) Please! Tucker Carlson compared CNN's Don Lemon Double Standard when it comes to blackface coverage of Megyn Kelly vs Justin Trudeau Tucker Carlson recently pointed out the hypocrisy surrounding mainstream media's coverage of the Justin Trudeau blackface scandal by comparing the way CNN's Don Lemon handled the matter. On Tucker Carlson Tonight on Fox News Tucker spent no time singling out CNN's Don Lemon in a clip where it showed how the liberal Lemon host covered Trudeau's apology by only redirecting the issue as a way to attack President Trump, Tucker even brought up an older clip from Oct 2018 of Don Lemon talking about the Kelly controversy. "Megyn is 47 years old, she's our age. There has never been a time in her 47 years that blackface has been acceptable… I wonder how much diversity she has on her staff. I don't know, I'm not there but I would imagine there is not a lot," "This is what people of the larger culture don't understand about racism and about privilege." Now compare this to what Lemon said about the Prime Minister… "He says he didn't think it was racist at the time, now he knows better," "Think about it however you want to think about it. When someone apologizes, wow, we don't often see that here. Especially a world leader who's saying, 'I should have known better and I'm sorry.'" Double Standards Much? Recently unless you have had your internet and TV turned off you would have seen that it was revealed that the Canadian prime minister was caught up in his own "blackface" scandal of which he attempted to apologize during a news conference in Winnipeg, Manitoba. Though Tucker Carlson (and nor did most of the right on the internet) buy this apology. 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au didn't actually take responsibility but rather "transferred it" by blaming privilege. "He's moving responsibility for what he did from himself to the rest of us… it's not a confession, it's a justification and the only people dumb enough to buy it are the news media, of course. The dumbest people in the world," "Or could it be that because Justin Trudeau is a powerful leader on the left, he gets a pass no matter what he does? I think you know the answer," "What a difference a year makes… Megyn Kelly never wore blackface, she wouldn't do that. She's not Justin Trudeau," "She just made the mistake of not seeming quite offended enough in a TV segment about certain Halloween costumes." – Tucker Carlson Remember that former Fox News host Megyn Kelly was FIRED from NBC News for simply suggesting blackface could sometimes be OK when used for a costume. So the Real Question is: Should Trudeau be Fired too? Check (Privilege) Please! MagaNews Trump: US 'locked and loaded' against Iran if needed… What do you Think? Trump: US 'locked and loaded' against attackers of Saudi oil facility 'depending on verification'; Iran denies involvement President Trump on Sunday suggested U.S. investigators had "reason to believe" they knew who launched crippling attacks against a key Saudi oil facility, and vowed that America was "locked and loaded depending on verification." While he did not specify in his tweet who he believed … See More was responsible for Saturday's drone attacks, U.S. investigators previously have pointed the finger at Iran. For its part, Iran has denied the allegations. Earlier Sunday, Trump authorized the use of emergency oil reserves in Texas and other states after Saudi oil processing facilities were attacked, sparking fears of a spike in oil prices when markets reopen Monday. New York Times updates Kavanaugh 'bombshell' to note accuser doesn't recall alleged assault More than 49,000 auto workers go on strike against GM Beto hits Buttigieg, Dems with expletive-driven defense of debate comments on gun confiscation Lori Loughlin 'aware' of Huffman's sentence, regrets rejecting plea deal Follow – Peter Boykin at Telegram – https://www.T.Me/PeterBoykin at Facebook – https://www.Facebook.com/PeterRobertBoykin at YouTube – https://www.YouTube.com/PeterBoykin at Reddit https://www.reddit.com/user/peterboykin/ at Instagram https://www.instagram.com/peterboykin Support at Patreon https://www.patreon.com/peterboykin Support at Paypal https://www.paypal.com/paypalme2/magafirstnews Purchase Peter Boykin's Book #RussiaGate: Truth, Post-Truth, or Damned Lies?! on Amazon.com at https://www.amazon.com/RUSSIAGATE-TRUTH-POST-TRUTH-DAMNED-LIES-ebook/dp/B07XKW767S/ https://www.peterboykin.com https://www.MagaFirstNews.com https://www.MagaOneRadio.net The Key Info was in the Original Draft of the Kavanaugh story? New York Times reporters claim… Then Why Was It Ignored? Simple without it NO STORY Trump demands resignations over Kavanaugh story at New Mexico rally "I call for the resignation of everybody at The New York Times involved in the Kavanaugh smear story, and while you're at it, the Russian witch hunt hoax, which is just as phony a story," the president said. "They've taken the old Grey Lady, so prestigious, and broken her down, destroyed her virtue, and ruined her reputation. She can never … See More recover, and will never return to greatness under current management. The Times is dead, long live the New York Times." New York Times reporters behind Kavanaugh story say key info was in original draft Netanyahu looks to remain in power as Israelis vote in repeat election US shares info with Saudi Arabia that blames Iran for oil field attack: report White House orders	-1.407596	-1.046016	-1.930973	-1.083736	[ -0.9172520359686839, -1.8979396431317963 ]	[ -0.7183308749540839, -1.3737009357134409 ]	[ -1.5480002123910466, -2.3139450020570957 ]	[ -0.6993832974748395, -1.4680882117435667 ]	1,024	[ 512, 512 ]	[ 585, 3282, 29915, 29873, 2869, 2125, 23134, 541, 3265, 376, 3286, 14373, 372, 29908, 491, 1999, 11500, 14828, 479, 29889, 13, 29908, 3868, 29915, 29879, 8401, 23134, 363, 825, 540, 1258, 515, 3654, 304, 278, 1791, 310, 502, 30098, 372, 29915, 29879, 451, 263, 1970, 1211, 29892, 372, 29915, 29879, 263, 925, 2450, 322, 278, 871, 2305, 270, 3774, 3307, 304, 15649, 372, 526, 278, 9763, 5745, 29892, 310, 3236, 29889, 450, 270, 3774, 342, 2305, 297, 278, 3186, 1699, 13, 29908, 2816, 1033, 372, 367, 393, 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two former Trump aides not to appear before House committee at impeachment hearing Spicer spices up 'Dances With the Stars' with neon green shirt Will Vaping Go up in Smoke? As the Trump Administration proposes a ban on non-tobacco flavored e-cigarettes. Trump administration takes aim at teen vaping, proposes ban on non-tobacco flavored e-cigarettes In a major win for the Trump administration, the Supreme Court issued an order late Wednesday ending all injunctions that had blocked a White House ban on asylum for anyone trying to enter the U.S. via a third country, such as Mexico, without seeking protection there. The Supreme Court's order was not a final ruling on the policy's merits but does allow the … See More policy to take effect nationwide, including in the 9th Circuit, while the case makes its way through the lower courts. Supreme Court allows Trump asylum restrictions to take effect, ending 9th Circuit injunctions 2020 Democrats to debate in Houston on Thursday with trimmed-down lineup Trump delays China tariffs increase in gesture of goodwill NCAA warns Calif. governor about college athlete 'fair pay' bill OxyContin maker reaches settlement with 2,000 plaintiffs in opioid crisis Gays For Trump Russia Russia Russia #RUSSIAGATE: TRUTH, POST-TRUTH OR DAMNED LIES? by Peter Boykin On Sale Now on Amazon #RUSSIAGATE: TRUTH, POST-TRUTH OR DAMNED LIES? Everybody hates fake news, right? Then again, one man's fake news is another man's infallible truth. So how to discern truth from falsehood, in the foaming churning sea of 'narratives' and 'counter-narratives?' Ever since the nihilistic professors of chaos undermined public discourse and the very foundations of language, by the 'revolution' of postmodernist nihilism, where everybody has a right to their own opinions and reality is whatever you make of it, the risk that facts, truth, and history would be finally reduced to mere 'narratives' has always loomed menacingly upon the horizon. And although the Party of Truth has often striven valiantly against the Party of Feelz, the threat of a purely subjective and emotional approach to the world has made significant inroads. This being so, it's a truly extraordinary sight to see those who actually invented 'post-truth' and 'alternative facts' consistently railing against these very same things. The supposedly impossible election of President Donald J. Trump in November 2016 left the liberal media and the anxious elites scrambling for a way to discredit the legitimately elected President of the United States of America. In such a context, where the noonday sun of populist truth is menaced by the midnight gloom of aristocratic falsehood, and the dusk of integrity grimly heralds forth the dawn of MSM lies, it's comforting to remember how we've been here before. Many, many times. E-BOOK Can Be Purchased Peter Boykin is a right-wing activist and the founder of a group called Gays for Trump, he also hosts a regular online radio show, #MagaFirstNews on MagaOneRadio.net Boykin is a prolific social media user, In 2018, Boykin ran for a seat in the North Carolina House of Representatives. Peter Boykin has been featured in multiple left and right-wing media outlets and is never afraid to debate for what he feels is just. Peter Boykin is also an activist for the #LGBTExit / #LGBTQuit movement. The movement is to encourage Lesbian, Gay, and Bisexual people to "exit" the Democratic party and follow Trump. "It's time we #TakeBackPride and #ComeOutForAmerica it's time for the LGBT to EXIT #LGBTexit…#LGBTQ #GayPride no longer needs to be associated with Extremism." – Peter Boykin Trump taxes So does Donald Trump Really have to give up his tax returns? 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horized disclosure. Indeed, the Internal Revenue Service is barred from releasing any taxpayer information whatsoever, except to authorized agencies and individuals. Like all other citizens, U.S. presidents enjoy this protection of their privacy. Since the […] Trump Budget Deal: President Donald Trump would prefer that the Senate pass the current budget deal and has acknowledged he will sign the legislation President Donald Trump wants the Senate to pass the budget deal worked out a few days ago and will sign the legislation, even though it will add significantly to the national debt, acting White House chief of staff Mick Mulvaney told Fox News on Sunday. "When the Democrats won the House, everybody knew we were going to end up spending more money," Mulvaney said, adding that the agreement is still a victory for the Trump administration. "The Democrats wanted to limit our policies on the border, they wanted to limit our policies regarding pro-life, they wanted to limit our policies regarding deregulation — and we won on every single one of those," Mulvaney said. "So, did we spend more money than we wanted to? Yes. Did we get a lot in return. Yes." When asked what happened to Trump's promises as a presidential candidate to quickly balance the budget, Mulvaney placed the blame on the Democrats. He insisted on deflecting all blame for the deficit even when Fox News host Chris Wallace pointed out that the Republicans controlled Congress for the first two years of the administration. Missile Tests Recent North Korean Missile Tests Do Not Pose a Threat to the USA according to President Trump UPDATED 10:40 AM PT — Sunday, July 28, 2019 He said the missiles were 'short-range,' commonly used by many countries, and therefore did not pose a threat to the U.S. President Trump downplays last week's missile tests by North Korea. Last week, during a press conference the President said the incident would not interfere with U.S. North Korea negotiations. North Korea successfully test fired two short-range missiles last week in an apparent warning to South Korean military warmongers. In fact, the President went on to tout his healthy working relationship with Chairman Kim Jong Un, saying the relationship remains in good condition and the tests were not carried out in bad faith against the U.S. "He didn't say a warning to the United States. I can tell you that. he didn't say a warning to the United States" President Trump said. "They are short range missiles and my relationship is very good with Chairman Kim and we'll see what happens. But they are short range missiles, and many people have those missiles" President Trump said. This Thursday, July 25, 2019, photo provided on Friday, July 26, 2019, by the North Korean government shows a test of a missile launch in North Korea. A day after two North Korean missile launches rattled Asia, the nation announced Friday that its leader Kim Jong Un supervised a test of a new-type tactical guided weapon that was meant to be a "solemn warning" about South Korean weapons introduction and its rival's plans to hold military exercises with the United States. Independent journalists were not given access to cover the event depicted in this image distributed by the North Korean government. The content of this image is as provided and cannot be independently verified. Korean language watermark on image as provided by source reads: "KCNA" which is the abbreviation for Korean Central News Agency. (Korean Central News Agency/Korea News Service via AP) Join @RealPeterBoykin on Telegram Join Our SUBSCRIBESTAR Support Peter Boykin's Activism on SUBSCRIBESTAR #RUSSIAGATE: TRUTH, POST-TRUTH OR DAMNED LIES? by Peter Boykin On Sale Now at https://www.amazon.com/dp/1692089919 It's Time to #GoRight #GORIGHT MOVEMENT GO RIGHT DO RIGHT BE RIGHT CONSERVATIVE ACTION FOR NON-PARTISAN GOOD WORKS AND GREAT CAUSES Join The #GoRight Movement Support VICS Ranch VICS Ranch's mission is to help Veterans and First Responders who are suffering from PTSD or homelessness and	-0.941906	-0.626114	-1.398362	-0.858067	[ -0.7802844930688079, -1.1035278943125153 ]	[ -0.48017727363989127, -0.7720497323933754 ]	[ -1.0204620791111187, -1.776261904675631 ]	[ -0.6460552069756553, -1.0700785607008756 ]	1,024	[ 512, 512 ]	[ 2015, 1891, 766, 25071, 29889, 14598, 29892, 278, 512, 1890, 830, 9947, 6692, 338, 2594, 1127, 515, 337, 280, 5832, 738, 8818, 29886, 2747, 2472, 825, 578, 1310, 29892, 5174, 304, 4148, 1891, 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need a new mission. We help you find a new passion and purpose. Together we can end suicide and suffering. This is our new mission. "You've had our backs, now let us have yours." SUPPORT VICSRanch.org Join The #MAGANetwork Join Our Network of Sites and Causes TheMagaNetwork.com Listen to MagaOneRadio #MagaFirstNews on Spreaker Listen to the #MagaFirstNews Podcast on Spreaker Support Our Network https://www.patreon.com/peterboykin Fighting The Culture War One Grapefruit at a Time #Conservatism2020 Does Fruit Belong in This Movement? November 9, 2019 We Dare Ask the Question: Are Traps Gay? Do Transsexuals Really Belong in the Gay Community? November 4, 2019 Free Speech is being trampled on to satisfy a political agenda, Dennis Pragers' "NO SAFE SPACES" Film a "Wake-Up Call to the American People" November 4, 2019 More Migrants Found Hiding in a Refrigerated Truck in Greece .. This is what Happens when a country has bad policies.. November 4, 2019 Thank God for the deep state? Former CIA Director McLaughlin Seems to Love it… do You? November 1, 2019 The #GoRight Campaign Has Officially Launched! Promising CONSERVATIVE ACTION FOR NON-PARTISAN GOOD WORKS AND GREAT CAUSES October 13, 2019 Tomi Lahren is sick of liberals telling us what we deserve and don't deserve as she blasts Facebook CEO for backing Bernie's attack on wealth October 10, 2019 President Trump to Address Values Voters Summit 2019 : Pretty Sure the Leftist Gays Will Cry… October 9, 2019 Will We All Be Passing around the ZuckerCoin on Facebook Soon? Facebook CEO Mark Zuckerberg is set to testify before the House Financial Services Committee October 9, 2019 Gotham is Burning… That's Life… Send in the Clowns for The Joker is the real victim October 6, 2019 Check (Privilege) Please! Tucker Carlson compared CNN's Don Lemon Double Standard when it comes to blackface coverage of Megyn Kelly vs Justin Trudeau September 20, 2019 Trump: US 'locked and loaded' against Iran if needed… What do you Think? September 18, 2019 The Key Info was in the Original Draft of the Kavanaugh story? New York Times reporters claim… Then Why Was It Ignored? Simple without it NO STORY September 18, 2019 Will Vaping Go up in Smoke? As the Trump Administration proposes a ban on non-tobacco flavored e-cigarettes. September 16, 2019 The Debate Over Mass shootings will continue … how will it play out? September 16, 2019 #RUSSIAGATE: TRUTH, POST-TRUTH OR DAMNED LIES? by Peter Boykin On Sale Now on Amazon September 10, 2019 Another Win For Gays For Trump! Log Cabin Republicans Press Release: LCR Endorses President Trump for Reelection in 2020 August 16, 2019 The White House wants the FCC to have a much bigger say in what you see on social media. What do you Think? August 11, 2019 "Democrats fart too! Keep the cows, get rid of the Democrats!" August 9, 2019 DOUBLE STANDARD IN FORCE AT TWITTER: Mitch McConnell's campaign locked out of Twitter for posting video of calls for violence at his home August 7, 2019 Kasich is pushing a "red flag law" to fight back against gun violence, do you think it would be a good idea? 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Glasses Culture New research into autofocus lenses for presbyopia Researchers from the University of Stanford have released new findings on autofocus glasses for presbyopic (aging) eyes, which will allow the wearer to see clearly and refocus their eyesight in real time, no matter what the lighting conditions, weather conditions or speed of their eye movement. Here we explain how autofocus glasses are promising to be an alternative to glasses wearers. Offering a life-changing solution to their day-to-day vision, this technology could help huge numbers of so-called presbyopes, of which it is estimated there will be over 1.8 billion by 2050. The human eye has two natural converging lenses: the cornea and the crystalline. The latter works like the autofocus function on a camera: the image formed on the retina stays focused whatever the distance or movement of the object being examined. As we get older however, the crystalline lens loses its elasticity and its ability to focus deteriorates. It is perhaps unsurprising then that the etymological origin of the word 'presbyope' comes from the Greek word 'presbus', which means 'old'. A recent study estimates that at least 1.8 billion people will suffer from presbyopia by 2050. Less 'old', but maybe a little wise, however, this demographic starts being registered from the age of 45. © santé-médecine.net To remedy this kind of defective vision, which effects on average 600,000 people in France alone every year, the most common solution is to wear reading glasses or progressive lenses. However, these options are not without their downsides, as most presbyopes will probably be aware. If you wear reading glasses, they have to be taken off or lowered whenever you want to see things that are further away, and the use of progressive lenses require time to adjust and so cannot necessarily quickly adapt for quick, extreme movements of the and for one's peripheral vision, which is particularly important if you are driving. Will autofocus lenses replace progressive lenses? Analysing the eyes of numerous presbyopes and future presbyopes, this is the question that the research of Nitish Padmanaban, Robert Konrad and Gordon Wetzstein, three engineers from the University of Stanford, tries to answer. Published at the end of June 2019, their research was partly financed by large tech companies such as Intel and Nvidia, and their findings propose autofocus lenses as a convincing alternative to progressive lenses. As one of the co-authors of the article claims: 'more than a billion people currently suffer from presbyopia, and we have created a pair of autofocal lenses which could one day correct the vision of these people far more effectively than conventional lenses.' For their research, they created lenses that use eye-tracking technology which can follow the precise movements of the pupils, constantly redetermining which area is being examined and the distance of this from the wearer of the glasses. This is calculated by an inbuilt software and the lenses are filled with a fluid that reacts to an electric current and processes the adjustment in the lens. These liquid glass lenses work in a similar way to the anatomical crystalline lens does: when the field of vision changes, the lenses are get inflate or shrink, dilate or retract, even becoming more or less thick as the focalisation changes in real time. Autofocals: Evaluating Gaze-Contingent Eyeglasses for Presbyopes Following a series of tests using their prototype on 56 volunteers, their research overwhelmingly found that, in contrast to when they used progressive lenses, autofocus lenses would allow the user to carry out a wide range of daily tasks much more quickly and effectively. Wearing these glasses not only allowed them to enjoy a better clarity of vision, whatever the distance being examined, but they also praised the speed of re-focalisation compared to their normal glasses. Autofocus glasses: the future of eye correction? The technology proposed by this research from Stanford is not their completely original invention. As we have previously reported here, autofocus glasses have been proposed by the Belgiun company Morrow Optics. 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Traumatized individuals will predictably go through a series of alternating phases between acknowledging the trauma and avoiding it. As this process goes on, the eventual goal should be a reformulation or reschematization of the event in relation to the person and the person in relation to him- or herself and others. This is sometimes referred to as working through, which was mentioned earlier. The goal of treatment is to "help the person work through the linkage between the self and the stressor events so that all such symptoms can be attenuated or terminated" (Horowitz, 2001, p. 182). The goal is to strike a balance between a state of emotional numbness and of being emotionally flooded or overwhelmed. There are also the general goals of helping the patient establish a sense of safety; develop decision-making skills and more adaptive coping; develop a realistic sense of self as stable, coherent, competent, and worthwhile; develop competence with family and community; and develop a rational preparation and resilience for future stressors. Horowitz (2001) also proposes that steps should be taken to help patients protect themselves from danger by improving their attention and reaction times, and by teaching them not to react to erroneous beliefs, social stigma and shame, demoralization, or impaired physiological functioning due to sleep deprivation or altered neurochemical functioning. Horowitz's treatment, as are so many for PTSD, is complex and very thorough. There are six phases to his treatment: evaluation/diagnosis/formulation/treatment planning, support, exploration of meanings, improving coping, working through, and terminating. Initially, patients are diagnosed with a particular stress response disorder, such as PTSD or Complicated Grief Disorder. Next, the clinician should formulate the goals and issues to be addressed within treatment. Horowitz (2001) offers the configurational analysis method for this process. First, symptoms and problems are selected. Next, the states or situations in which intrusive symptoms and states of numbing and denial occur are determined. In the next step, unresolved stress-related topics and defensive control processes are addressed. The fourth step addresses self-other beliefs related to identity and relationship functioning. The fifth and final step of formulation is an integration of the previous steps into a treatment plan. The second phase of treatment is the support phase. Because patients may be in states of unmodulated affect and experience and may be feeling they've lost their sense of control, they need support. For Horowitz (2001), this may include biological stabilization with medication, social support with time structuring and enlisting supportive efforts, and the establishment of a supportive therapeutic relationship and concrete plan. Adequate support needs to be in place before the next phase of treatment, exploration, is undertaken. This is necessary because of the possibility of intense affect in this next phase. The working through phase is designed to help patients reschematize their identity and relationships. Patients analyze pretrauma personality beliefs about themselves and others. This may lead to specific themes being activated, such as fear of victimization, shame, feelings of incompetence, anger at the source of the trauma or a displacement figure, or guilt. An individual may also have a developmental history that leads to a lower threshold for tolerating despair and depression, which is then reactivated with trauma. Regardless of the various schematic and developmental material and issues that get activated, this phase of treatment involves helping the client differentiate between what comes from the past and what comes from the present. Attention to warded-off issues and trauma-specific struggles is intensified, and deeper interpretations are offered. These interpretations serve as a basis for a clearer sense of self and others within the context of the current trauma. The final phase of treatment is termination. This is never a simple ending to therapy but a unique and important stage in and of itself. Emotions about separating from the therapist must be addressed. Also, therapeutic gains must be reinforced. Horowitz (2001) suggests making plans for practicing the newly acquired cognitive-analytic skills. He reminds us that the client's vulnerability is likely to resurface in this final phase and recommends terminating gradually over a series of sessions in an almost stress-inoculation manner. 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Alvar Aalto design for Artek, 1935. Hig stool with 4 legs. Alvar Aalto design for Artek, 1935. Chair with 4 legs. Alvar Aalto design for Artek, 1935. Chair 66, with 4 legs. First designed by Alvar Aalto for the paimio tuberculosis sanatorium, these dining/side chairs use aalto's now-famous linen webbing. Bench 153 by Alvar Aalto, in solid wood and birch veneer has Artek's famous L-shaped legs. Ilmari Tapiovaara design for Artek, 1946. The Domus chair is a real success in Finland. It is comfortable, flexible and stackable. The Pirkka Stool by Ilmari Tapiovaara combines a rustic inspiration and work of innovative structure, which give it the lightness of iconic furniture of the 50s. The Pirkka bar stool by Ilmari Tapiovaara combines a rustic inspiration and work of innovative structure, which give it the lightness of iconic furniture of the 50s. The Pirkka bench by Ilmari Tapiovaara combines a rustic inspiration and work of innovative structure, which give it the lightness of iconic furniture of the 50s. Hans J. Wegner design for Carl Hansen, 1985/2005. The perfect bar stool for modern interiors with open plan kitchens or other open spaces. Why not invite your guests to sit down and enjoy a chat over a drink while you are busy in the kitchen? Its upholstered seat makes it extremely comfortable. An extremely strong bar stool with a light and airy design, fulfilling every need for comfort and functionality. The Opus bar stool matches elegantly the high tables in the Brunch and Expresso table series. Hee Welling design for HAY. The idea behind the About A Chair-collection has been to develop a chair with conspicuous simplicity. A chair which works just as well around the dining table as around a conference table, in a canteen or at the office. The elegant stool can be used throughout the home as a footstool, side table, bedside table, and much more besides. The Cutter bench by Niels Hvass has countless possible uses. It can grace the façade of your house or a corner of the garden, provide a place to sit down or a surface to put things on in the hall or bathroom. Hans Wegner design for Carl Hansen, 1965. Chair in hardwood with armrests and hand-woven seat in natural paper cord. Designed by Hans Wegner for Carl Hansen, in 1956. CH20 is a compact dining chair that can also be stacked. The lower back support and horizontal seat also make the chair suitable for working at a table or desk. J. Foersom and P. Lorenzen design, 2007. Upholstered chair padded with foam, cold molded, non-removable. Eyes bar stool. Upholstered chair padded with foam, cold molded, non-removable. Designed by Borge Mogensen in 1956. The Classic Chair (or J39) is Børge Mogensen's most successful chair, inspired by his teacher Kaare Klint. The chair is available with a hand-woven seat in natural or black paper yarn. Designed by Nanna Ditzel in 1993.Trinidad chair in moulded wood. The version without armrests is stackable.Dimensions: 57 * 48,5 * 84 cm, seated at 44 cm. Designed by Nanna Ditzel in 1993. Trinidad bar stool in moulded wood. Design, Hans Sandgren Jakobsen, 1998. Gallery stool in molded plywood. Design, 1953. The Valet Chair is about the problems in folding clothes in the most practical manner at bedtime. Unites function with a playful sculptural design. The top rail is shaped as a coat hanger while the seat is basically a box for storing. 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Category: Video Game Reviews Undertale – Masterpiece or Overrated? Undertale. When one mentions that title, fond memories come to mind, or the thought, "That game again?" Indeed, since its release in 2015, Undertale has become something of a phenomenon in the gaming world. Created by Toby Fox, Undertale is a sprite-based RPG that has the look of an oldschool RPG like Earthbound. The game was so big on PC, it was ported to PS4 two years later. This past September, it was ported over to Nintendo Switch. The game has a very loyal fanbase, with tons of fan art and animations populating the web. When anything becomes this popular, people will emerge saying the media in question is overrated. Many of these people have never played the game, yet will cringe when anyone mentions it by name. (It is similar to the My Little Pony phenomenon that began in 2010 and continues to this day.) These people who jump in forums to say something negative just because the title is poplar do not contribute anything. Do not mistake me though. While there are many people who despise popular things just because they are popular, there are those who legitimately think something is overrated. In Undertale's case, perhaps some may say it is not as good as people claim, or it got overblown in popularity simply because it has quirky characters. That is the aim of this article: to explore Undertale and see if it is a masterpiece, or greatly exaggerated in quality. Before continuing, it is important to note that one thing cannot be denied: it is an acclaimed title. Every version of the game – PC, PS4, Switch – has a score of 92 on Metacritic. This means that many critics agree the game is well made. What we'll be looking at is what makes Undertale an experience, and if that experience is a good one, or an overrated one. To begin, one has to go back to the start of the game. After the intro and choosing a name for the 'Fallen Human,' you are given control of the playable character, whom we later learn is named Frisk. The child moves about on a grassy field, and then you can move Frisk into the next area. In this area, there is another grassy field with a little flower in the center of it. The flower has a face, and greets the main character. "Howdy! I'm Flowey. Flowey the Flower!" the flower says. I remember my thoughts as I played this opening sequence. The seemingly friendly flower notices that Frisk is new to the Underground. He explains the battle system on another screen. I notice a little heart, which Flowey explains is my SOUL, "the very culmination of your being!" Flowey then mentions that my SOUL begins weak, but can get stronger with LV. Makes sense, right? Flowey then says that LV stands for "LOVE." Already, the game is playing with the player's expectations when it comes to an RPG. "LV" would normally mean "level," but not in Undertale. The next part is what really kicks the game off. Flowey states that LOVE is shared through "friendliness pellets," and proceeds to share some with me. I happily run into these pellets, not knowing the flower's nefarious plan until they decrease my health to just one percent. Flowey gives a sinister smile and says, "In this world, it's kill or BE killed. Why would ANYONE pass up an opportunity like this?!" At this point, I'm shocked by what's happening. Interestingly, the dialogue changes if one had decided to avoid the so-called friendliness pellets. It is interesting to consider why someone would run into the pellets, or avoid them. Either way, Flowey surrounds me with pellets and proceeds to kill Frisk. However, he is stopped by another character, whom is called Toriel. Toriel takes Frisk to her home away from danger. At this point, I'm glad, but am a bit unnerved when Toriel later says, "I've also prepared a curriculum for your education." Wait, what? I can't stay here lady – I gotta get back home. After requesting how to escape the RUINS, Toriel tries to convince me not to go and goes on ahead to block the exit. 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. Toriel says, "Prove to me you are strong enough to survive", and thus begins the first boss battle. Because I liked Toriel, I tried to find a away to spare her, because the beauty of this game is that it offers a "Mercy", button, where you don't have to kill an opponent. Undertale's tagline is, "The friendly RPG where nobody has to die." Sadly, I did not find a a way to spare Toriel, and ended up killing her. (It didn't occur to me that I could reset my save file to try again, which is a concept that will be mentioned soon.) After exiting the RUINS, I see Flowey again. I remember my exact thought during this: "Not that thing again." After Flowey taunts the player, he leaves, and Frisk leaves to the next area. This is where the title screen pops up. This is where the adventure begins. Simply put, the opening act of Undertale is an engaging way to begin the adventure. The main goal of Undertale at first is to escape the Underground. However, to escape, Frisk will have to battle King Asgore. You see, as the intro sequence explains, there was a war between monsters and humans. The monsters, led by Asgore, were driven underground. Now there is a barrier, and the only way to break it is with seven human souls. Asgore has six already, so if he gets the soul of Frisk, the monsters will be able to return to the above-ground. It is an interesting dynamic, as monsters are not inherently evil. This dynamic results in a fascinating sequence at the end of the neutral run, which will be addressed soon. But first, one has to mention the characters Frisk runs into along the way. During the journey, Frisk meets a number of diverse characters, such as the humorous, yet mysterious Sans, Sans' corny, yet lovable brother Papyrus, the "The heroine that NEVER gives up" Undyne, among others. These characters have diverse personalities, which is thanks to the writing. I couldn't help but smirk at Papyrus' dialogue, or be unnerved at Metteton's love for an entertaining show. Toby Fox is a master of creating likable, well defined characters. One is never tempted to skip the text boxes, because the player always wants to see what they will say next. Undertale's cast of characters is unique and diverse. So what's the deal with a game where no one has to die, you might ask. This is where the true beauty lies in Undertale, and is something that makes the player ask philosophical questions. It is almost always easier to kill enemies and opponents than it is to have mercy on them. It often takes passion to look for ways to spare a character. Killing characters has an impact on the story as well, showing how much thought was put into this game. You have a choice: kill or have mercy. In the battle against Asgore, the player gets extremely close to finishing the king off. As Asgore kneels defeated, he gives his story on why he wants to free monsters. It's emotional, and at this point, the game gives the player the choice of whether to finish him off, or have mercy. After hearing his story, how could one still be motivated to kill him? I picked the mercy option, and the king was surprised and happy. However, something else kills him, and Flowey emerges. After taunting dialogue, such as Flowey saying he'll save over my save file so he can kill me multiple times, you battle the final boss of the neutral run, Photoshop Flowey. I want to discuss the aftermath of this fight. After the souls revolt, Flowey is defeated. We see a picture of him battered and bruised. At this point, the game gives you the option to either kill or have mercy. I'll tell you, I very much wanted to kill that flower. As opposed to Asgore, whom wasn't really a bad guy, Flowey was a psychopath. He wanted to kill me at the start of the game, and he tortured and taunted me during this battle with him. I was ready to kill him, but I knew mercy was there as an option. But why would I have mercy on something that has caused me so much pain? 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and says, "I knew you had it in you!" before dying. At this point, does the player feel accomplished, or a bit melancholy? Was killing Flowey the right thing? I decided to go the mercy route. Why? You see, Flowey's philosophy is that "it's kill or be killed." By having mercy on him, I am showing that actually, there is true love and mercy in the world. It doesn't have to be "kill or be killed." Here's something to think about. When first picking the mercy option on Flowey, it doesn't end the event. You have to keep going to the mercy option. In-between, Flowey will say, "Do you really think I've learned anything from this? No", "I'll come back," "I'll kill you, " "I'll kill everyone," "I'll kill everyone you love." During all this, you still have the option to stop pressing mercy, and kill him. The game challenges you as Flowey says these things; are you DETERMINED to be a merciful person? Are you DETERMINED to showcase a philosophy that is the opposite of his? As you press mercy, Flowey becomes angry and questions what the player is doing; he doesn't understand. I think this is one of the most fascinating encounters in gaming history. Undertale forces the player to take a stance: have mercy, or kill. Are you willing to have mercy on the worst kind of person, someone whom has wronged you? It's much easier to finish that person off than have mercy. Are you willing to go the extra mile and take a merciful stance? Are you DETERMINED to do so? Undertale's story is certainly interesting, but how about its actual gameplay? In order to be critically acclaimed, you must have good gameplay. Undertale's gameplay is unique in that it avoids the usual RPG format. You control a heart in real-time and avoid enemy fire. It's fun, and led to some great boss encounters. The battle against Photoshop Flowey is one of the most memorable boss fights in recent history. This is helped by the glorious soundtrack. I think it would be hard for anyone to deny that Undertale has a good soundtrack. From the fan favorite 'Megalovania,' to the ominous 'Another medium,' a major part of what makes Undertale engaging is its soundtrack. 'Finale' and 'Hopes and Dreams' are two beautiful final boss themes. Undertale's gameplay is fun. The boss encounters are interesting, and the soundtrack greatly enhances the experience. Now we come to what makes Undertale a truly complete experience. After you beat the game the first time around, you can do it again to get the true ending. By going back and having mercy on everyone and completing certain things, you gain access to the true final boss and true ending, the "True Pacifist Route" as it's called. Here you encounter Flowey again. He absorbs the souls of everyone and transforms into a dark final boss in the vein of Sephiroth from Final Fantasy VII. This battle is a fascinating final encounter. It even says, "It's the end." You see, the battle is reminiscent of the final battle in Earthbound. In Earthbound, you battle Giygas. You can't beat him conventionally. Instead, you have to "pray." There is no other way to beat him, except through the power of prayer. In Undertale, you can't beat Flowey conventionally. Instead, you first have to "save" the souls of those he has consumed. Finally, you have to "save" Flowey himself. Flowey's backstory is fascinating, and here we have Frisk appealing to Flowey. Flowey, seeing the love all these souls have for Frisk, and his own past memories with the Fallen Human, gives up and breaks the barrier. It's bittersweet, as Flowey (real name Asriel) stays behind because he will transform into a soulless flower again. At this point, Frisk is given the choice to hug Asriel. It's an emotional ending. However, what happens if instead of having mercy on everyone, you decide to kill everyone in the game? 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ara, the original Fallen Human. This is intriguing, and features an incredibly memorable battle against Sans. Here's the really interesting thing: if you do a Genocide run before doing a True Pacifist run, you will lose the Pacifist ending. Instead of getting the happy ending, in the sequence we see red Xs on the characters faces in a portrait, and later Chara laughing at the player. This is brilliant, because it shows that there are consequences for completing a genocide route. You can't go back and save everyone after killing them. Rather, you have to live with the fact that you decided to engage in the Genocide route, and there's no going back. Undertale's True Pacifist Route is a brilliant final chapter. The game gives you the option: pacifist, or genocide. There is no middle ground here, there is only one final ending, and you have the choice of either having mercy, or killing everyone. In conclusion, I have to say that Undertale is a great experience. I would call it a masterpiece – with its engrossing story, unique gameplay, diverse characters, and philosophy. The game is something of a deconstruction of the RPG genre, and comes down to a single question: What is your true DETERMINATION? If one does not experience the game the same way, that is fine. Not everyone will find Undertale to be the unique experience I consider it to be. A little while ago, I played the critically acclaimed game, Journey. Although I knew it to be well-liked, I didn't get anything out of it. It didn't mean anything to me. But, it meant a lot to others, and that's what matters. Undertale is not a game that is loved by everyone, but it does mean something to a lot of people. That is something important to keep in mind. There are many games out there, but I can say that Undertale is one that will always stick with me as particularly memorable. Kirby Star Allies Review Kirby doesn't talk much, but when he does say something, it's typically something cheerful. He is a very cheerful character, but gets serious when his planet is being attacked. He's willing to lend a hand to any stranger that comes asking for help, never giving it a second thought. It's all these reasons and more why Kirby is a lovable character. The pink puffball first appeared on the Game Boy in Kirby's Dreamland. He then made the jump to color in the NES's Kirby's Adventure. Since then, he has appeared in numerous games, becoming a flagship Nintendo title. He makes the jump to Nintendo's latest console, the Switch, in Kirby Star Allies. The story in Star Allies follows a mysterious being unleashing dark energy objects called "Jamba Hearts" onto Planet Popstar. These hearts affect many of the inhabitants of the planet, including King Dedede and Meta Knight. Kirby awakens to the horror, and runs off, gathering friends along the way, to rid Popstar of the Jamba Hearts and stop the mysterious menace. The story isn't too different than previous games in the franchise. But, one can always expect a great climax in Kirby games, and it's no different in Star Allies. Is everything else about the game great? Star Allies is a fun platformer, bringing the Kirby elements that puts the series above the standard side-scroller. However, much like contemporary Kirby games, there are not enough innovations in Star Allies to call it an amazing game. The Switch is Nintendo's best system graphically speaking, meaning Kirby gets to shine in HD glory. The levels are beautiful with outstanding detail. Highlights include Castle Dedede and Reef Resort. Accompanied by a fantastic soundtrack, I was reminded of Kirby's Epic Yarn, which featured lovely levels complemented by a wonderful soundtrack. The level design in Star Allies is often simple, but at this point, one does not expect much challenge from this series. Kirby then has to deliver in the "simply fun to play" category, and Star Allies succeeds in this regard. Pretty levels would not be able to make up for substandard gameplay. Star Allies has the same level of high quality gameplay as previous Kirby games. If you've played Kirby's Return to Dreamland or the more recent Planet Robobot, you know what to expect. 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this game is the ability to turn foes into friends with the push of a button. When this happens, up to three characters (controlled either by the AI or human players) can follow Kirby. It's similar to summoning a Helper in Kirby Super Star, but in this case, the allies bring with them a power first introduced in Kirby 64: the power to combine abilities. It is a shock that this ability has been so rarely used in the games. Then again, it might lose its uniqueness if it appeared in every game. So, these "Friend Abilities" as they are called allow Kirby to mix his copy ability with the ability of an ally. A yo-yo on fire? The sword with an icy touch? Experimenting is always fun, and the Friend Abilities are nicely integrated into finding the Picture Pieces and Big Switches. As for the individual abilities, the usual ones return, along with a few new ones, such as the fun "artist" and "spider." Star Allies make good use of Kirby's friends in three scenarios. One of them is making a bridge to help a Key Dee get to a door, another turning the characters into an unstoppable wheel, and the final one is the best: the friends riding together on a "Friend Star." These Friend Star sequences are a blast, adding a high-octane feel to the game. The Friend Star is put to especially good use in the climatic boss battle. Since we're on the subject, Star Allies continues the tradition of having an epic climax. In the final showdown scene, the player really gets a feel of Kirby's determination to beat the opposing force. For a couple of more positives, the game's implementation of extra stages is a nice feature. The final extra stage has a nice tribute to Kirby's Dreamland. (It's a shame it wasn't longer.) As already touched upon, the soundtrack is strong. You'll hear the familiar themes, but also plenty of great new ones. The final few levels have some fast-paced themes to contrast the more softer sounds. One of the greatest examples of quality music is the beautiful Reef Resort theme, which once again evokes memories of Epic Yarn. This is the strongest soundtrack in a Kirby game since Epic Yarn. As it's been made evident, Star Allies follows the Kirby formula closely, but often too closely. The game does not often feel that different from its predecessors. If this was the first ever Kirby game, it would be fantastic, revolutionary even. But the fact is that it's not the first. Kirby has been the star of numerous platformers, so it's near baffling that Star Allies doesn't introduce more innovations. It is possible to keep the same formula while revolutionizing it. The Legend of Zelda: Breath of the Wild and Super Mario Odyssey did that for their respective franchises. Super Mario Odyssey was the same fundamentally as previous Mario platformers, but Odyssey took risks and delivered things that separated it from past games. Breath of the Wild kept the core aspects that have made the Zelda series appealing, while also reinventing them. These games did not stray from their fundamental concepts. Rather, these games built upon the concepts and gave us something familiar, but also brand new. There is something I like to call the New Super Mario Bros. 2 effect. While New Super Mario Bros. 2 was a fun game and competently made, it made no progress in gameplay design from the previous two New Super Mario Bros. installments. It was essentially almost the same game. Hal Laboratory seems content on playing it safe with Kirby. There's no reason why Star Allies couldn't have been the revolutionary game for Kirby. The pieces are there – the epic climax, the Friend Abilities, the Friend Star- but these things are often sandwiched with an often too familiar atmosphere of normalcy. To give credit, Star Allies is not the New Super Mario Bros. 2 of Kirby. (That would be Triple Deluxe.) But, Hal seems to be in the NSMB2 mindset, which is delivering more of the same without reinvention. There are enough unique aspects of Star Allies to keep it from being called a copy of previous games, but more innovations would have been welcome. While the friends are fun (and adorable) to have around, there are a couple of drawbacks. 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the strong lithium potential, the FCI Property also includes the Lac Bruno Gold Showing, defined as a gold and sulphide-bearing amphibolite boulder with an assay of 38.1 g/t Au. The showing was discovered by Virginia Mines Inc. and highlights a boulder field in the area with a source yet to be located. Additional work was recommended up-ice of the discovery, within the Corvette-FCI Property, and has yet to be completed. The FCI Property also includes the Séricite Showing where a grab sample from a sulphide-bearing sericite schist returned 0.3 g/t Au, 150 g/t Ag, 1.89% Cu, 11.15% Pb, and 1.45% Zn. Although not a focus for the Company, the base and precious metal potential of the properties is evident and additional ground work is warranted. Under the terms of the Agreement, the Company may earn a 75% interest in twenty-eight (28) claims comprising Osisko's FCI Property by satisfying the following conditions, subject to TSX Venture Exchange approval: • Issuance of 1,000,000 shares upon closing date of the Agreement • Incurring $250,0000 in work exploration expenditures and issuing of 1,000,000 shares on or before the first anniversary date of closing • Incurring $800,0000 in work exploration expenditures on or before the second anniversary date of closing, upon which the Company would vest a 25% interest • Incurring $1,200,000 in work exploration expenditures on or before the third anniversary date of closing, upon which the Company would vest an additional 25% interest, for a total of 50% undivided interest in the FCI Property Osisko will act as Operator of the FCI Property for the term of the 50% earn-in, with a Steering Committee of equal representation formed to provide advice and direction to the Operator. Upon completion of the 50% earn-in (third anniversary of TSX-V approval (or closing), a Joint Venture Corporation will be formed with the Company retaining an Option to acquire a further 25% interest, for a total of 75% undivided interest, through funding of the next $2,000,000 in exploration expenditures. The Company may become Operator upon notice to Osisko that it intends to incur the $2,000,000 in work expenditures for a final undivided interest of 75%. Osisko's remaining 25% interest may be further reduced through dilution if they elect to not fund their portion of subsequent exploration/development. If ownership falls below 10%, Osisko will have the right to convert this remaining interest into a 1% Net Smelter Royalty (NSR), of which, the Company retains the right to buy for $5,000,000 (cash or shares), and thereby, would obtain a 100% undivided interest in the FCI Property." Technical Perspective Click on chart (or here) for updated version (15 min. delayed) 92 Resources Corp. #1400 – 1111 West Georgia Street Vancouver, BC, Canada V6E 4M6 Email: [email protected] www.92resources.com Canadian Symbol (TSX.V): NTY Current Price: $0.055 CAD (08/31/2018) German Symbol / WKN (Tradegate): R9G2 / A11575 Current Price: €0.038 EUR (08/31/2018) Report #9 "Booming Frac Sand Markets Golden for 92 Resources" Report #8 "High Lithium Grades and Astounding Size Potential Sampling Suggests" Report #7 "High-Grade Lithium and Tantalum confirmed by Channel Sampling" Report #6 "Crews mobilized for next phase of exploration on the Hidden Lake Lithium Property in NWT" Report #5 "92 Resources snags hard-

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All in all, it was a good time for Nelson and the Sharks following eight days of inactivity resulting from the storm. Nelson wasn't the only one winning individual accolades. Reid won the 100 butterfly with a time of 52.00. Boyles took first in the 100 breaststroke with a time of 1:01.52. Nelson also finished second in the 200 individual medley with a time of 1:58.83. The 400 freestyle relay team of Samuel Villalobos, Clayton Boyles, Camron Reid, and Nelson finished second with a time of 3:22.46. The May River girls finished fourth behind champion Academic Magnet, runner-up Bishop England, and third place Christ Church. Kaitlyn Pangilinan took first in the 500 freestyle with a time of 5:12.14. Bluffton finished sixth in both in the boys and the girls standings. Abby Hess won the 100 backstroke with a time of 1:00.24. The Lady Seahawks, who were runners up in the state last year after winning the meet for the past five years prior, took third place behind champion South Aiken and runner-up Eastside. Meaghan Lyons finished third in the 100-yard breaststroke and fourth in the 200 intermediate medley, and helped the 200 medley relay team to a third-place finish. Victoria Gill took third in the 200 freestyle and third in the 500 freestyle. For the boys, who finished fourth behind champion Eastside, runner-up Aiken, and third-place Myrtle Beach, Kevin Geist led the way. Geist won the 100 butterfly with a time of 53.20 seconds, and took second in the 200 freestyle with a time of 1:47.40. 1. South Aiken (366), 2. Eastside (291), 3. Hilton Head (278), 4. A.C. Flora (257), 5. Myrtle Beach (238.5), 6. Dreher (213), 7. Lancaster (184), 8. North Augusta (181), 9. Greenville (157.5), 10. Wren (148), 11. Chapin (145), 12. Aiken (135), 13. North Myrtle Beach (134), 14. St. James (133), 15. Beaufort (70). 16. Daniel (60), 17. Berkeley (56), 18. Travelers Rest (35), 19. Richland Northeast (21), 20. Greer (2), 21. Cane Bay (1). 1. Eastside (484), 2. South Aiken (392.5), 3. Myrtle Beach (252), 4. Hilton Head (210), 5. North Augusta (202), 6. Chapin (194), 7. A.C. Flora (192.5), 8. Aiken (176), 9. Lancaster (173), 10. South Pointe (145), 11. Daniel (121), 12. St. James (120), 13. Dreher (103), 14. North Myrtle Beach (88), 15. Greenville (40), 16. Cane Bay (37), 17. Wren (33), 18. Airport (30), 19. Berkeley (29), 20. York Comprehensive (23), 21. Travelers Rest (7), 22. Beaufort (5). 50 Yard Freestyle –17. Bryson Cummings (Hilton Head) 24.84. 24. Adam D'Angelo (Beaufort) 25.55. 100 Freestyle –15. Bryson Cummings (Hilton Head) 54.89. 2

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3,133

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C4

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00 Freestyle – 2. Kevin Geist (Hilton Head) 1:47.40. 500 Freestyle – 7. Thomas Hughson (Hilton Head) 5:14.95. 100 Butterfly – 1. Kevin Geist (Hilton Head) 53.20. 15. Niklas Kronlein (Hilton Head) 1:01.43. 200 IM – 9. William McLoud (Hilton Head) 2:10.46. 10. Thomas Hughson (Hilton Head) 2:12.11. 100 Breaststroke – 9. William McLoud (Hilton Head) 1:08.77. 13. Niklas Kronlein (Hilton Head) 1:09.91. 16. Adam D'Angelo (Beaufort) 1:10.30. 21. Aaron Peterson (Beaufort) 1:12.93. 25. Cameron Matousek (Hilton Head) 1:14.65. 200 Medley Relay – 7. Hilton Head High (Thomas Hughson, William Mcloud, Kevin Geist, Bryson Cummings) 1:48.63. 200 Freestyle Relay –14. Hilton Head (Niklas Kronlein, Matthew Maldonado, Kolby Minckler, Cameron Matousek) 1:48.03. 400 Freestyle Relay – 4. Hilton Head (Kevin Geist, Bryson Cummings, Thomas Hughson, William Mcloud) 3;34.73. 50 Yard Freestyle –20. Madison Daniel (Beaufort) 26.79. 21. Maya Bostwick (Beaufort) 26.99. 100 Freestyle – 5. Rouen Brockman (Hilton Head) 55.79. 12. Kara Kurtz (Hilton Head) 57.82. 15. Madison Daniel (Beaufort) 58.89. 16. Maya Bostwick (Beaufort) 59.64. 23. Julia Esteves (Hilton Head) 1:01.59. 29. Isabella Pozos (Hilton Head) 1:02.43. 200 Freestyle – 3. Victoria Gill (Hilton Head) 1:57.19. 7. Lily Kerr (Hilton Head) 2:02.54. 17. Meghan Vigh (Hilton Head) 2:12.18. 500 Freestyle – 3. Victoria Gill (Hilton Head) 5:18.23. 5. Lily Kerr (Hilton Head) 5:25.53. 14. Meghan Vigh (Hilton Head) 5:51.22. 100 Butterfly – 7. Kara Kurtz (Hilton Head) 1:02.18. 15. Carsyn Bostwick (Beaufort) 1:08.47. 200 IM – 4. Meaghan Lyons (Hilton Head) 2:14.26. 10. Amanda Montgomery (Hilton Head) 2:23.75. 25. McKenzie Daniel (Beaufort) 2:39.95. 100 Breast Stroke – 3. Meaghan Lyons (Hilton Head) 1:09.83. 10. Amanda Montgomery (Hilton Head) 1:14.91. 14. Carsyn Bostwick (Beaufort) 1:16.77. 100 Backstroke – 4. Rouen Brockman (Hilton Head) 1:01.26. 26. Anne Watt Tuckwiller (Beaufort) 1:11.14). 27. McKenzie Daniel (Be

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3,133

1,024

C4

10

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aufort) 1:11.30. 200 Medley Relay – 3. Hilton Head (Rouen Brockman, Meaghan Lyons, Kara Kurtz, Victoria Gill) 1:54.32. 13. Beaufort (Anne Watts Tuckwiller, Carsyn Bostwick, Maya Bostwyck, Madison Daniel) 2:03.87. 200 Freestyle Relay – 9. Beaufort (Maya Bostwick, Carsyn Bostwick, Anne Watts Tuckwiller, Madison Daniel) 1:49.66. 10. Hilton Head (Lily Kerr, Meaghan Lyons, Julia Esteves, Amanda Montgomery) 1:51.46. 1. Bishop England (401), 2. Academic Magnet (374), 3. May River (335), 4. Waccamaw (306), 5. St. Joseph's Catholic (290), 6. Bluffton (257), 7. Christ Church Episcopal (234), 8. Bfrashier Middle College (160), 9. Greenville Tech Charter (155), 10. Brookland-Cayce (139), 11. Greer Middle College (90), 12. Mid-Carolina (77), 13. Palmetto (48), 14. Emerald (45), 15. Oceanside Collegeiate Academy (40), 16. Newberry (37), 17. Fox Creek (18), 18. Georgetown (8). 19. W.J. Keenan (2), 20. Battery Creek (2). 1. Academic Magnet (486), 2. Bishop England (401), 3. Christ Church Episcopal School (335.5), 4. May River (258), 5. Greenville Tech Charter (250), 6. Bluffton (206), 7. (St. Joseph's Catholic (201), 8. Brashier Middle College (172), 9. Greer Middle College (147), 10. Oceanside Collegiate Academy (137.5), 11. Brookland-Cayce (111), 12. Southside Christian (83), 13. Waccamaw (59), 14. Governors School (50), 15. Mid-Carolina (36), 16. Latta (25), 17. Charleston Charter (8), 18. Georgetown (8). 50 Yard Freestyle – 6. Samuel Villalobos (May River) 23.11. 8. Cameron Reid (May River) 23.56, 11. Nik DiCarlo (Bluffton) 23.77. 25. Mason Engler (Bluffton) 25.70. 100 Freestyle – 7. Nik DiCarlo (Bluffton) 52.66. 23. Mason Engler (Bluffton) 58.53. 200 Freestyle – 9. Kegan Brandt (Bluffton) 2:01.39. 10. Lucas Sosa (May River) 2:01.69. 17. Julian Suaza (Bluffton) 2:09.09. 500 Freestyle – 8. Ethan Kemeny (May River) 5:33.81. 9. Kegan Brandt (Bluffton) 5:35.46. 100 Butterfly – 1. Camron Reid (May River) 52.00. 9. Samuel Schwabauer (Bluffton) 1:00.25. 11. Andy Yemec (May River) 1:01.35. 12. Julian Suaza (Bluffton) 1:02.33. 200 IM – 2. Erek Nelson (May River) 1:58.8

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3. 7. Nicholas Suaza (Bluffton) 2:04.03. 8. Clayton Boyles (May River) 2:05.46. 10. Jack Cimino (Bluffton) 2:14.12. 14. Andy Yemec (May River) 2:19.35. 100 Breast Stroke – 1. Clayton Boyles (May River) 1:01.52. 6. Nicholas Suaza (Bluffton) 1:03.56. 8. Jack Cimino (Bluffton) 1:03.96. 9. Samuel Schwabauer (Bluffton) 1:06.99. 13. Samuel Villalobos (May River) 1:08.43. 15. Lucas Sosa (May River) 1:09.26. 100 Backstroke – 1. Erek Nelson (May River) 50.47. 8. Ethan Kemeny (May River) 1:01.50. 200 Medley Relay – 1. May River (Erek Nelson, Clayton Boyles, Camron Reid, Samuel Villalobos) 1:38.79. 5. Bluffton (Jack Cimino, Samuel Schwabauer, Nicholas Suaza, Nik DiCarlo) 1:46.72. 200 Freestyle Relay – 7. Bluffton (Jack Cimino, Mason Engler, Julian Suaza, Kegan Brandt) 1:40.98. 8. May River (Andy Yemec, Ethan Kemeny, Ian Murphy, Lucas Sosa) 1:42.20. 12. 400 Freestyle Relay – 2. May River (Samuel Villalobos, Clayton Boyles, Camron Reid, Erek Nelson) 3:22.46. 7. Bluffton (Nik DiCarlo, Samuel Schwabauer, Mason Engler, Nicholas Suaza) 3:46.03. 8. 50 Yard Freestyle – 5. Alora Orr (May River) 25.97. 6. Alondra Janicek (May River) 26.17. 8. Abby Hess (Bluffton) 26.27. 29. Taylor Stevens (Bluffton) 29.38. 100 Freestyle – 4. Alondra Janicek (May River) 57.54. 7. Alora Orr (May River) 59.39. 15. Charlie Hancock (Bluffton) 1:01.84. 26. Taylor Stevens (Bluffton) 1:06.03. 200 Freestyle – 3. Kaitlyn Pangilinan (May River) 1:58.25. 500 Freestyle – 1. Kaitlyn Pangilinan (May River) 5:12.14. 10. Carli Baker 5:58.57. 13. Sacha Moreno (Bluffton) 6:10.86. 100 Butterfly – 4. Allie Ingram (May River) 1:03.56. 12. Sacha Moreno (Bluffton) 1:07.77. 17. Victoria Sosa (May River) 1:09.56. 18. Nagisa Reed (Bluffton) 1:10.31. 200 IM – 10. Nagisa Reed (Bluffton) 2:28.15. 13. Letia Reed (Bluffton) 2:30.22. 19. Victoria Sosa (May River) 2:34.22. 100 Breast Stroke –6. Letia Reid (Bluffton) 1:13.52. 100 Backstroke – 1. Abby Hess (Bluffton) 1:00.24, 6. Allie Ingram (May River) 1:05.27. 1

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Mayor, Edward Mosser called the meeting to order at 6:30 p.m. Council Member Jim Beach motioned to approve the September 21, 2016 meeting minutes. Council Pat Stenzel advanced; motion carried. Under Public Comment, Dennis Christenson was present regarding draining issues with the culverts on his property. The council discussed the culverts in the cities, adjacent properties to Mr. Christenson, as according to city ordinance, maintenance of the culverts is to be done by the resident/property owner. Under Engineer's Report, Maintenance Operator Bill Guggisberg discuss the current status of the project. There are two properties that are still being investigated for drainage issues in their basements. Bolton & Menk will supply a camera to see if the tile line is backed up. They could possible dig a hole and coordinate with City of Albert Lea maintenance department, for further inspection. Once the project is complete, the contractors for the project have a one year warranty for any issues or repairs that may arise. Under Maintenance Report, Bill Guggisberg spoke about necessary tree triming needed for contractors to get through with their trucks. The location needing trimmed is running from Fourth Street to Second Street and Park Street. He will call either McClune Tree Service or Peterson Tree Service for this to be completed as soon as possible. He spoke about meter reading happening in June for the new monthly cycle. Discussion was also had on blacktopping streets, and rating the streets for priority (worst to best) needing repair, and utilizing the unit price from Ulland Brothers. Andy Flatness from City of Hartland will come help Guggisberg will banners next Monday or Tuesday. The contractors have also been pressure testing the line between Hartland and Freeborn. They did have a slight glitch, and now are moving forward. Guggisberg spoke about unmowed properties, and he did mow two properties needing attention. Lastly there are a two properties that still need new meters installed, but since they are still on temporary water, he will wait until that part of town is back on normal water again. Under unfinished business the city officials discussed the quote from Ulland Brothers. City Clerk provided a CIP plan for 2016 and 2017 for streets needing repaired. City Clerk LaFrance discussed continuing to set aside money every year for upkeep after streets are repaired. The question for having a second street project in 2017 was addressed for four or so additional streets, and would it be possible to move that to 2016 regarding bidding processes. City Clerk will discuss this will auditor tomorrow for stipulations held by the state. Under unfinished business, city officials discussed City Ordinance #52-C Revision. Changes were made to correspond to monthly utility billing and long term vacancies. City Clerk will make changes made by city council and will be tabled until next meeting for review. Under unfinished business garbage fees were reviewed. There are no changes to the ordinance at this time. Under unfinished business, City Attorney drafted a letter regarding the dock that remains at city parcel R25.040.0040. Council Member Jim Beach motioned to approve and send letter to previous owner of the property. Council Member Pat Stenzel advanced; motion carried. Under unfinished business, City Clerk discussed the yard mowing violation letters sent out. Property owner at R25.018.0520 contacted city clerk and council member Jim Beach to discuss the plans he has taken currently, and also going forward to keep the property in compliance. Under New Business , City Clerk would like to hire a temporary office help while on maternity leave estimated August 8, 2016. LaFrance would like to meet prior to maternity leave, to discuss and go over office duties needed while away. Council Member Pat Stenzel motioned to approve Jan Beach for temporary office hire. Council Member Pat Stenzel advanced; motion carried. Under accounts payable and reconciliation reports, Council Member Jeremy Henke motioned to approve accounts payable and reconciliation reports. Council Member Pat Stenzel advanced; motion carried. This includes payment requests for BCM Construction: PPE #6 $182,959.55; Bolton & Menk: Invoice # 189976 $12

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Kazakh National Medical University, Fees & Admission - MBBS in Kazakhstan Building a successful medical career starts with choosing a university of repute. As the number of seats in Indian medical colleges is low, students are traveling abroad to pursue their courses. In this context, Kazakh Medical University is one of the most sought-after destinations for medical aspirants. Established in 1930, Kazakh National Medical University is a top-rated institution located in Almaty, Kazakhstan. Plus, the institution is recognized by WHO, NMC, and the ministry of education in Kazakhstan. Furthermore, many Indian students are studying here, and the University is known for its high-quality training programs for domestic and international students. MBBS Fees Structure If you start your medical professional successfully, you should only choose recognized universities that offer the best courses and internships. In this context, Kazakh National Medical University fits the bill perfectly. The University offers a low-cost MBBS program, with an excellent student-teacher ratio and outstanding facilities. Here are some highlights of this University: Kazakh National Medical University offers several medical courses like Master, Bachelor, and clinical programs. The University uses the latest equipment, updated technology to help the students gather both theoretical and technical knowledge. The Kazakh National Medical University ranks 1st in the National Rating of Medical universities in Kazakhstan and the national rating of educational programs. At the university, you will find 76 departments and 7 courses at 6 faculties (therapeutic, pediatric, public health, management in public health, pharmacy, general medicine, and professional training) The University has launched the process of quality management in developmental services to foster a spirit of competitiveness in the medical profession. There are regular exchange programs with countries like Ukraine, Italy, Turkey, China, and Uzbekistan for realizing academic goals. The Kazakh National Medical University organizes regular seminars, workshops, and debates notified to achieve the holistic development of the students. Why Study MBBS in Kazakh National Medical University? You will reap great benefits when you study at a top-tier institute like Kazakh National Medical University. Plus, after passing out, you will receive a high salary and recognization in India. So, check out the top benefits of studying MBBS in this prestigious institution. The semester system in the Kazakh National Medical University is outstanding as one semester is only five months duration. The fees of Kazakh National Medical University are very low compared to other European countries, and that's why many Indian students choose this University for their MBBS in Kazakhstan. The Kazakh National Medical University has a big campus that is the largest in the country. Plus, there is ample Indian food available in the University canteens. The medium of instruction is English throughout the academic year at the Kazakh National Medical University. Besides, you can also study Russian up to the 3rd year free of charge. KMNU or Kazakh National Medical University is the only institution where the FMGE passing Ration is excellent. It is the oldest government medical university in Kazakhstan, with over 600+ expert faculties to teach MBBS. The Kazakh National Medical University has more than 10 hospitals in Almaty for clinical practice. If you are planning to study MBBS at Kazakh National Medical University, you should be familiar with the courses offered by this prestigious institution. The ranking of any University is perhaps the most crucial deciding factor. The same holds for Kazakh National Medical University. Fortunately, this top-rated institution presently ranks at 5 in Khazakstan and holds a prestigious position of 3878 across the globe. MBBS Fees Structure in Kazakh National Medical University The fees structure for MBBS in Kazakh National Medical University is as follows – Fees Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Year 4 Year 5 Tuition Fees $5000 $5000 $5000 $5000 $5000 Hostel Fees $300 $300 $300 $300 $300 Total Fees (USD) $5300 $5300 $5300 $5300 $5300 Total Fees (INR) Rs. 3,97,762 Rs. 3,97,762 Rs. 3,97,76

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2 Rs. 3,97,762 Rs. 3,97,762 You must have completed at least 17 years of age before 31st December at the time of admission to the university. The maximum age limit for applicants is 25 years of age. You should have completed your 10th and 12th standard with, Chemistry, Biology, and Physics as your major subjects. You have completed your 12th standard from a recognized board by the Indian government. You have scored at least 50% in your 12th standard in Physics, Chemistry, and Biology. For reserve category candidates, that is, ST/SC/OBC, the passing percentage is 40% with the same aggregate in Physics, Chemistry, and biology, along with English. You have cleared the NEET exam with a minimum qualifying score according to the year's requirement. The admission process in Kazakh National Medical University is conducted with cooperation with representatives and official agreements under the Ministry of Education and Foreign Affairs. You should download the prospectus and read it carefully before registering at the university website. The prospectus contains all the relevant information for admission. Besides the factors mentioned above, you have to send the scanned copies of the following documents for successful registration: 10th and 12th Class Mark Sheets / Predictive Score Card Confirmation Process You will get a confirmation letter within 3 working days. After receiving the original hard copies of the documents, officials will notify within 5-7 days. After the notification, the Kazakh National Medical University will submit your passport to Embassy for Visa, which you will receive within 7 working days. Your Visa will be dispatched after the admission fees are cleared. University Fees Submission You have to submit your fees only after publishing your NEET result and before the onset of your academic session. Visa Application Process You should start your Visa application process after receiving all the documents and confirmation letters from the university. Travel Confirmation If you find it difficult to obtain tickets, you can contact our travel agents for a smooth onboarding experience. You will also receive vital information like your departure date, arrival time, and destination from the partners at the airport. Kazakh National Medical University asks for a set of documents at the time of admission and on arrival. Scanned copy of passport notarized and translated into Kazakh or Russian Scanned copy of Class 12 mark sheet Copy of NEET UG result English proficiency certificate Non-criminal certificate if available Medical certificates that include mental health, and infectious disease certified by health officials You will need to submit your invitation letter and payment slip and provide 8 passport size photographs with white background. Although the official language of Khazakstan is Russian and Khazak, students will have no problem at the university since the medium of instruction is English throughout the academic calendar. All the entrance exams of the University are conducted in English only You will need to be proficient in the concerned language for getting admission here. All the teaching during your MBBS course is held only in English, and students readily converse in the language. The duration for a standard MBBS course at Kazakh National Medical University is five years. You will learn basic medical sciences and clinical studies in the first 4 years, and the last year is dedicated to an internship. Kazakh National Medical University offers a comprehensive approach to teaching medicine. You can have a clear picture and idea of their syllabus pattern: Term Syllabus 1st Term Medical Chemistry, Geometry, Bioorganic chemistry, Embryology, Human Anatomy, Psychology, Cytology, Elective Course, Patient Care 2nd Term Human Anatomy, Histology, Physiology, Philosophy, Emergency Medicine, Microbiology, Immunology 3rd Term Pathophysiology, Pharmacology, Pathomorphology, Hygiene and Ecology, Pediatrics, Internal Medicine, General Surgery, Radiology, Elective courses, Narcology, Forensic Medicine, Biostatistics, Social medicine 4th Term Pediatrics, Internal Medicine, Tuberculosis, Surgery, Obstetrics and Gynecology, Neurology, Ophthalmology, Medical Psychology, Urology 5th Term Epidemiology, Oncology, Social Medicine, Internal

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3,135

1,024

CommonCrawl

17

12

Medicine, Surgery, Medical genetics, Traumatology, Gynecology, Clinical Immunology, Neurosurgery, Obstetrics, Emergency Medicine, Fundamentals of Stomatology Admission Deadline You must be very careful in checking the dates for the admission procedure. Admission Details Date Registration date June Registration last date July Invitation Letter Within one week Admission date October Admission last date October Visa process November Departure December The dates mentioned are, however, tentative. The university will decide on a final date for every process and declare them as soon as possible. Kazakh National Medical University offers fantastic facilities for students throughout the program. Some of the highlights include: There are many student clubs at the Kazakh National Medical University, including committees on youth affairs, debate club, KVN team, student union committee, and council of young scientists. Students can experience a multicultural environment as many different countries participate in the education programs. You can also participate in student exchange programs, seminars, international conferences because the Kazakh National Medical University has robust international relations. The Kazakh National Medical University structure is strong and provides up-to-date libraries, excellent faculties, and top-tier internship facilities. FMGE Performance Kazakh National Medical University scored high ranks in the FMGE score, which shows the strong academic discipline. Name Appeared Pass Count Pass % Kazakh National Medical University 11 2 63.64 If you are wondering about your living facilities after enrolling in the university, do not worry. Kazakh National Medical University offers the following hostel facilities – The Kazakh National Medical University's residence hall has space for 2198 students, accommodating on a sharing basis. You will be provided with top-class facilities like computer labs, kitchens, laundry, library, canteen, gym, reading room, recreating room, TV, and study rooms on each floor. Besides, the hostel is equipped with WIFI internet access and boasts of a large sports complex that consists of basketball courts, judo mats, and wrestling arenas. You can choose from a standard residence that consists of 2.3, 4 seater rooms equipped with posh facilities for the students' comfort. The Kazakh National Medical University offers different types of scholarships to international as well as domestic students. Academic Scholarship is granted to all students based on their weighted average from 80% and up to 95% International scholarship program for master and Ph.D. courses Special scholarships for economically backward MBBS aspirants holding high NEET marks Indonesian governments Scholarship for meritorious students Cost of Living in Almaty The costs of living in Almaty, including all necessities, are as follows – Daily groceries range from Rs. 80-500 One-way ticket of local transport – Rs. 15-20 Dining at a mid-range restaurant with two people – Rs. 500 - Rs. 1500 A monthly pass for local transport – Rs. 1000 Monthly rent for a 1bhk apartment – Rs. 21000-44000 Why Should You Study MBBS in Kazakhstan? Kazakhstan is the world's 9th largest country bordering China, Russia, Kyrgyzstan, Russia, and Turkmenistan. Besides, the country is an active member of the European Union and an ideal destination for studying MBBS. Indian students can get direct admissions to the Kazakh National Medical University as they don't have to sit for additional entrance examinations. Most universities are well-equipped with top-class amenities and have a robust infrastructure. Medical students will get multiple options and good practices while studying MBBS at universities in Kazakhstan. Kazakhstan universities are approved by NMC and recognized by WHO, so it becomes easier to practice In India after clearing the country exam. The education system supports flexibility, and most universities have impressive faculty. Studying MBBS at the Kazakh National Medical University is a dream come true for most Indian students. But there are many formalities that you can need to clear. So, contacting Eklavya Overseas is perhaps the best choice for a smooth onboarding process. They have

-0.177285

0.660453

1.079545

-0.540903

[ -0.3241825752122206, -0.030387195691986498 ]

[ 0.4240901599215166, 0.8968161053872823 ]

[ 1.0338931514501393, 1.125197828363973 ]

[ -0.6250003663669836, -0.45680551996025803 ]

1,024

[ 512, 512 ]

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3,135

2,048

CommonCrawl

21

17

one is a dimmer and one is a switch. oh and yes - w7 not server. perhaps thats it? You have the same appliance module as me! So not sure what is wrong? can you tell me the exact version / modified date of the Vera Luup driver files you have ? Or can you email them to me. I am sure Win7 and WHSV1 mcontrol use the same driver files, I am thinking maybe you have an older driver version that works? Clutching at straws now, but one difference I can see between a dimmer module and an appliance module is the appliance module has no capabilities listed, is this relevant? I've tried removing an appliance module from Vera and re-adding, I've also ran the Z-WAVE repair thing in Vera still no go with appliance modules and the mControl Vera Luup Driver. EDIT: I ran a repair again on just this appliance module and now it has things listed next to capabilities, but still doesn't work with mControl. Plan B instead of using the mControl Vera Luup Driver is to add the Aeon Labs Z-stick as a secondary controller to VeraLite primary. The Z-stick would stay in the back of the WHS PC and mControl would use that to send direct z-wave commands to devices instead of going via Vera using the Luup Driver. It has added a _SceneController in to Vera but is status is Red and I dont think its worked properly, See screen shot. Plan B might just work! Even though the Z-stick was not properly added to VeraLite as a secondary I connected it back up to the WHS PC anyway's, looking in the mControl Z-wave adapter util I could see that z-wave devices had been added back on to the Z-stick (I wiped it clean prior to trying to add to VeraLite) So the homeseer transfer must have done something, I then set back some devices in mControl from using the Vera Luup Driver to being proper Z-wave devices again instead and I was able to turn on and off the appliance modules via mControl as normal. I also had no issues with the status feedback not being displayed properly. However for some reason in the mControl Z-wave adapter util it said that node ID1 the VeraLite was a secondary, it also said node 11 the Z-stick was a secondary, also the z-stick was no longer polling the z-wave modules correctly and was failing which is bad. If there is a correct way to setup the Z-stick as a secondary to VeraLite primary? then this might be the best option rather than using the mControl Vera Luup driver and ditching the Z-stick completely. Or Plan C how bad would it be? To have the Z-stick as primary and VeraLite as secondary any thoughts ? They both work and the appliance module is turned on / off OK. So if mControl has produced these URLs? that work in the browser, why don't they work when I click on or off on this appliance device in mControl UI, its really strange. IIUC, there was an On command, that was followed by an Off command just 1.5 seconds later? "The port number is odd - I would have expected 3480" EDIT: Changing the port number in the mControl Vera Luup driver setup to 3480 makes no difference to the appliance module not working. The dimmers still work on/off however with this new port number. Sure, but 1.5 seconds is a bit quick. I'm assuming you have tried with just clicking On and then giving it, say, 30 seconds? I am not 100% the URLs are correct that are created by mControl? There are two difference there is a ]: before data_request and a ? at the end. With the ? at the end, the appliance does not turn ON ! Delete the ? and it does turn on. Strangely if I turn the appliance on with a correct URL in the browser, I can then go in to the mControl UI and click the Off button and the off button is working and does turn off the appliance. Why the off button is working in mControl I don't know? But it appears the problem could be with the On button in the mControl UI and possibly the URL that is produced ? I just cleared the log file and pressed on button for the appliance module waited maybe 5 secs and then clicked the off button. 2012-08-

-2.051343

-1.25731

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[ -1.9965562740197071, -2.106130308339608 ]

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[ -1.3095935560049254, -1.2588687354972399 ]

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1,024

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Appeal after Dawlish man sprayed in face with chemicals At around 2.30pm on Monday 30 January 2017, two men approached a man in his 50s, close to the junction with Lawn Hill and The Strand. The man, who is an employee of a nearby shop, was taking the weekend takings to be banked. He was sprayed in the face with a substance and the cash was stolen by these two men. The offenders made their way from the scene on foot, running up Lawn Hill, turning left on to High Street before turning right again and running up Orchard Gardens. The offenders were followed by one or two young men on push bikes. Drop-in session ahead of construction phase of Dawlish beach management scheme Residents and interested parties are invited to find out more about the construction of a scheme aimed at reducing the risk of flooding to over 2,900 properties around the River Exe. The public drop-in session takes place on Thursday 26 January, 3pm to 8pm, at Mount Pleasant Inn, Dawlish Warren. It will give residents the chance to find out about the £14 million Dawlish beach management scheme which gets underway this month, and how the Environment Agency and Teignbridge District Council are working together to complete the project by September. Fundraisers plan 50-mile step into Christmas Authored by FORCE Cancer Charity A group of fundraisers will step into Christmas this week by walking 50 miles all through the night to support two local charities. They plan to set out from Exeter at 1pm on Friday and will walk to Exmouth and back, on to Dawlish and finish in Exminster on the morning of Christmas Eve. All they want for Christmas is decent weather and plenty of support and sponsorship for their chosen causes – FORCE Cancer Charity and Dream-A-Way. Man dies following collision on A379 Police are appealing for witnesses following a collision between a car and a pedestrian that left one man fatally injured. Stephen McKay, from Newton Abbot, was fatally injured in the collision which happened on Thursday 1 December 2016. Police were called at around 3pm following reports of a collision between a man in his 50's and a Citroen Picasso on the A379 at Holcombe, Dawlish. Pedestrian critical after collision on A379 Police are appealing for witnesses following a collision between a car and a pedestrian that has left one person with serious, life threatening injuries. A number of road closures were put in place as paramedics and Air ambulance attended. The Air ambulance landed by the Smugglers Inn and the injured man was taken to Derriford Hospital with serious life threatening injuries, where he remains in a critical condition. Green light for Dawlish Countryside Park A new countryside park for the local community has been given the go-ahead today on land between Exeter Road and Eastdon Woods north of Shutterton Lane in Dawlish. Proposed by Councillor Price and seconded by Councillor Mayne, Teignbridge Planning Committee unanimously approved the change of use planning application for the new countryside park which will provide a natural recreational area for local people to enjoy now and into the future. Teignbridge swim spots among the best in the country Posted: Wed, 11/09/2016 - 12:52pm Swimming spots in Teignbridge have reached bathing water quality standards with six 'excellent' ratings and one rated as 'good'. Teignbridge has welcomed the 2016 results of water testing at more than 400 outdoor swimming spots in England – called bathing waters - published today by the Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (Defra). This is great news for beach-goers who can be assured that Teignbridge's bathing spots are among the best in the country. Devon crash leaves man critically injured Police are appealing for witnesses to a collision in Torquay which left a man critically injured. Emergency services were called just before 2.30pm on Friday 4 November 2016 following the collision between a black Vauxall Agila, a grey Citroen Berlingo and a multi-coloured Mer

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A form of 'ecstasy' could be a new treatment for post-traumatic stress dr. david j. kim STOCK/Getty Images A photo of MDMA also known as ecstasy pills are pictured in this undated stock photo. A form of ecstasy, the illegal club drug known for its a euphoric high, may be able to help people with post-traumatic stress disorder. The pure chemical form of the drug, known as MDMA, is showing potential for therapy. Approximately seven percent of people in the United States will suffer from PTSD during their lifetimes, according to the National Co-Morbidity Survey published by Harvard Medical School. Most patients improve with therapy, anti-depressant medications and time -- but some will be unable to shake it, continually having nightmares or flashbacks, persistently reliving a horrible traumatic event. These patients often suffer symptoms so severe, triggering anxiety or depression, interfering with sleep or concentration, that they live with dramatic changes in mood or behavior. Can MDMA help? The results of a Phase 2 FDA trial, published Tuesday in The Lancet Psychiatry, looked at patients with chronic post-traumatic stress disorder who were dosed with MDMA for therapy. Phase 2 means it is still in the research phase and more studies will need to be done before it would be available for widespread use. But here is what the researchinger were they're trying to do. What is MDMA? How does it work with therapy? The active ingredient in the recreational drug also known as "ecstasy" or "molly" is MDMA (3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine). Initially described in 1912, it became popular as a recreational drug in the 1970s and 1980s. In 1985, MDMA was labeled "Schedule 1," meaning no accepted medical use and high potential for abuse by the U.S. Drug Enforcement Administration. MDMA alters mood and perception by working on the brain cells that secrete the chemical serotonin, a brain chemical that regulates mood, aggression, sexual activity, sleep and sensitivity to pain. MDMA is chemically similar to both stimulants and hallucinogens and is illegal in most countries. But mental health researchers wondered if MDMA could help treat a number of mental health conditions; there's research dating back into the 1970s testing its therapeutic potential. Dr. Michael Mithoefer, M.D., a psychiatrist in Charleston, South Carolina who researches MDMA-assisted psychotherapy for the Multidisciplinary Association for Psychedelic Studies, or MAPS, describes MDMA as "unique among drugs that decrease anxiety in that it isn't sedating and doesn't impair memory." "People have clear recall of trauma without being overwhelmed by emotions or dissociating and being emotionally numb," he said. "Our model is that MDMA is acting as a catalyst to the psychotherapeutic process, not as a stand-along drug." MAPS, a private non-profit research group that is helping organize many of the FDA trials, argues MDMA should be considered separately from ecstasy or molly, the often impure street formulations. What could MDMA treat? There is certainly interest, but the FDA has approved clinical trials only for limited conditions: Chronic PTSD, severe anxiety related to autism and terminal illness among them. Most of the studies are surrounding PTSD. MDMA is an optimal choice for use in PTSD treatment, Mithoefer notes, because of "PTSD involves prominent fear responses and the fact that MDMA decreases fear by decreasing activity in the amygdala and increasing activity in prefrontal cortex." The initial results from Phase 1 and Phase 2 trials are promising –- these are the stages of research which provide the FDA with basic safety data and information about dosing. In the next stage that begins this summer in 16 sites, Phase 3, researchers can learn more about whether MDMA is effective. European trials are expected in the next year, as well. They expect that positive results in Phase 3 could

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INFLAMMATORY DIARRHEA is a topic covered in the Harrison's Manual of Medicine. Salmonellae are facultatively anaerobic gram-negative bacilli that cause infection when between 200 and 106 organisms are ingested. Conditions that reduce gastric acidity or intestinal integrity increase susceptibility to infection. Organisms penetrate the small-intestinal mucus layer and traverse the intestinal epithelium through M cells overlying Peyer's patches. – S. typhi and S. paratyphi survive within macrophages, then disseminate throughout the body via lymphatics, and ultimately colonize reticuloendothelial tissues. Nontyphoidal salmonellae most commonly cause gastroenteritis, invading the large- and small-intestinal mucosa and resulting in massive PMN infiltration (as opposed to the mononuclear-cell infiltration seen with typhoid fever). Depending on the specific species, salmonellosis results in typhoid fever or gastroenteritis. Typhoid (enteric) fever: Typhoid fever is a systemic disease characterized by fever and abdominal pain and caused by dissemination of S. typhi or S. paratyphi, for which humans are the only hosts. Disease results from ingestion of food or water contaminated by chronic carriers and is rare in developed nations. Worldwide, there are ~27 million cases, with 200,000–600,000 deaths annually. After an incubation period of 5–21 days, prolonged fever (>75% of cases), headache (80%), chills (35–45%), anorexia (55%), and abdominal pain (30–40%) are common. Other signs and symptoms may include sweating, cough, malaise, arthralgias, nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea—or, less often, constipation. Physical findings include rose spots (a faint, salmon-colored, blanching, maculopapular rash), hepatosplenomegaly, epistaxis, and relative bradycardia. Intestinal perforation and/or GI hemorrhage can occur in the third and fourth weeks of illness; neurologic manifestations (e.g., meningitis, Guillain-Barré syndrome) occur in 2–40% of pts. Long-term Salmonella carriage (i.e., for >1 year) in urine or stool develops in 1–5% of pts. Nontyphoidal salmonellosis (NTS): Most commonly caused by S. typhimurium or S. enteritidis, NTS typically presents within 6–48 h of exposure as gastroenteritis (nausea, vomiting, nonbloody diarrhea, abdominal cramping, and fever) that lasts 3–7 days. In the United States, NTS causes ~12 million illnesses annually. Disease is acquired from multiple animal reservoirs. The main mode of transmission is via contaminated food products, such as eggs (S. enteritidis), poultry, undercooked meat, dairy products, manufactured or processed foods, and fresh produce. Infection is also acquired during exposure to pets, especially reptiles. Stool cultures remain positive for 4–5 weeks and—in rare cases of chronic carriage—for >1 year. Bacteremia, usually due to S. choleraesuis and S. dublin, develops in 8% of pts; of these pts, 5–10% develop localized infections (e.g., hepatosplenic abscesses, meningitis, pneumonia, osteomyelitis). Reactive arthritis can follow Salmonella gastroenteritis, particularly in persons with the HLA-B27 histocompatibility antigen. Positive cultures of blood, stool, or other specimens are required for diagnosis. Typhoid fever: A fluoroquinolone (e.g., ciprofloxacin, 5

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Posted By: Darcy Maulsby, 04 Dec 5:31 pm Category: Communication Tips Any of these sound familiar? Many consumers today don't understand modern agriculture. Activists are spreading misinformation about farming. Myths about farming seem to carry more weight than facts. I couldn't believe what I was hearing. While these things are top of mind for me here in Iowa, they're hot topics in Germany and across Europe, too. So what do you do about it? We shared best practices when I joined five other ag leaders from Iowa in northern Germany to meet with European farmers, veterinarians and other ag professionals during the Transatlantic Agricultural Dialogue on Consumer Engagement from November 11-16, 2018. "This experience highlighted why we must make time to share the what and why of how we do things on the farm," said my friend Chad Ingels, a farmer from Randalia, Iowa, who participated in the Germany study trip, which was supported by the German-American Chamber of Commerce. "Consumers around the world really have no idea what happens in the day-to-day activities on the farm. We need to share our story and keep it simple, without using 'farmer jargon.'" Learning practical tips in Germany for telling ag's story effectively Ingels, who raises corn, soybeans and hogs and is active on social media, appreciated the opportunity to exchange practical ideas to address the public's questions about food production. During these discussions, ag leaders from both sides of the Atlantic shared their 10 top tips for engaging with consumers, including: 1. Be willing to engage. Who is telling agriculture's story, and what are they saying? Don't leave it to chance, said Caroline van der Plas from the Netherlands, who encourages farmers to build relationships and share their story with consumers, the media and lawmakers. "If you don't share your story, others like People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals (PETA) will tell it for you," said van der Plas, who coordinates the Dutch social media project @boerburgertweet, which allows farmers to share their story with consumers on Twitter. The ripple effect from one story can be powerful, noted Janice Person, online engagement director for Bayer CropScience. She credits one interview more than 20 years ago with Louisiana farmer Ray Young for motivating her to pursue an agricultural communications career. "I was a city girl from Memphis who was interested in ecology," said Person, keynote speaker at the Transatlantic Agricultural Dialogue on Consumer Engagement. "When I interviewed Ray Young, he had me so focused on his soils that I can still see them in my mind. He explained conservation tillage and helped me understand how he was getting it to work on his farm. By taking the time to tell his story, Ray helped me become an influencer for agriculture." 2. Look at ag through consumers' eyes. Empathy matters. People don't care how much you know until they know how much you care, Person said. "Many people today are hearing things about food and agriculture that scare them. Sometimes people are angry, sometimes they are confused and sometimes they want to listen." Most people just want what's best for their families, added Person, who noted that farmers can bring a valuable, real-world perspective to the conservation. 3. Tell a different side of the story. While most consumers have heard a lot about organic farming, they rarely hear about other types of production. "It's easy for people to think there's only one side of the story or one way to farm, unless you share a different perspective," Person said. 4. Focus on the moveable middle. Activists are loud, but they are still a minority, said Nadine Henke, an ag-vocate from Germany. "There are still a lot of people in the middle, but few really understand modern agriculture. We can reach out to them." Farmer Derek from Kansas and his trombone, calling the cows 5. Find inspiring ag-vocates. There are many ag-vocates to follow online, from Dirt Sweat N Tears (@farmermegzz on Twitter), a film industry specialist turned farmer from Saskatchewan, Canada, to Derek Klingenberg (@Farmer Derek on Twitter), a Kansas farmer and rancher whose popular YouTube videos range from him playing his trombone to call his c

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Interview with Raphael Honigstein (part 2) February 10, 2011 Quazi Zulquarnain 0 In the second part of his interview, German football expert Raphael Honigstein talks about the growth of the Germany national side and their chances of winning a trophy with a talented group of youngsters at their core. We also discuss the future of divisive national captain Michael Ballack and evaluate whether Joachim Loew will be able to build a legacy with players like Mesut Ozil and Toni Kroos at the heart, thereby changing the way German sides have been stereotypically viewed the world over. Most importantly, Raphael dishes on the joker amongst his Guardian colleagues, give some advice to up and coming journalists and finally reveals which team he actually supports. Bundesliga Fanatic (BF): First up Raphael, the big one. German football is increasingly visible on the map once again and there is a real belief that either Euro 2012 or the World Cup 2014 presents the best chance for Joachim Loew's men to lift their first title since Euro 96. Do you believe this might realistically be possible? Raphael Honigstein (RH): It's certainly possible. There are one or two areas of concern – there's not much cover in central defence, for example – but on the whole, I don't see that many other teams that are necessarily stronger. BF: And while we are on the topic of Joachim Loew, the Swabian seems to be building quite the dynasty with the Germany team. How highly do you rate Loew as a coach and do you think in the long run, he can create a legacy for himself as one of the premier national team coaches in the world, or in Germany? Professors don't rock scarves. Is this man set to be the Arsene Wenger of internatioanal football? RH: I think he has got the perfect job for his way of working and he could well turn out the Arsene Wenger of international football. His work must be rated very highly. What's more: it should, in theory, become easier because the pool of quality players is rapidly growing. BF: On to Michael Ballack. As always he seems to be dividing the opinion of the nation. Can he still be a factor for the national side or do you think his race is well and truly run? RH: I can't see a way back for him at this stage. It's a shame really, he deserved a better end to his international career. But there are just too many players ahead of him right now. Bar a major injury crisis, I'm afraid that's it. I should add that I can't see him turning into a David Beckham-type mascot either. BF: Mario Goetze, Lewis Holtby and Mats Hummels, the future of the Germany squad looks bright as all these players picked up their first international caps last year. Who do you think is the most talented amongst the new bunch and whom do you think will make most of an impact in the years to come? RH: All three look very promising, and I would also include Marko Marin, who is yet to fulfil his true potential. In terms of impact, the established players like Müller and Özil are still so young that they'll might have to wait a bit to Michael Ballack's national team future is unravelling faster than his armband grow into truly important roles. BF: But even with all these young talents coming through, there seems to be a lack of pure strikers in the Germany system. Miroslav Klose is still the deadliest forward for the national side and Gomez seems not yet able to click in Loew's system. Who do you think can pick up the mantle once Klose hangs up his boots? RH: Well, Gomez seems to have woken up from his slumber, so he'll get the first bite at it. Now that Germany play with only one striker, the dearth of Number 9s is less of a problem. Patrick Helmes might well come back into the fold and there are possibilities for Stefan Kiessling as well as Andre Schürrle by the time the Euros come along. BF: You write for a number of foreign publications, so perhaps you are the best person to answer this. German football has often been stereotypically dismissed or underwritten as being 'boring' or without character. Do you feel these old stereotypes still persist

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or are times changing? Are people becoming aware of the 'new' philosophy of German football, its clubs and players? Three card trick RH: I think what has happened in the past was that people outside Germany used to conflate the German national team with the Bundesliga and thought it's all the same. There's also the traditional problem that Germany as a country has looked less exotic or current than Italy or England. But I'd say perceptions have really changed since 2006. 2010 was a great year with Germany playing good stuff and Bayern reaching the Champions League final. There's much more attention on it now. And with attention comes knowledge and a better understanding of its strengths and weaknesses. BF: Mesut Ozil has emerged as the best German player at the moment, although for a long time the talents of Toni Kroos overshadowed him. Their careers now seem to have gone in conflicting directions, for while Ozil has gone from strength to strength Kroos has gone slightly off the boil. What do you think the future holds for these two players? RH: I'm not sure it's right to say that Kroos started out the bigger prospect. Özil is a year older and had his breakthrough domestically much earlier while Kroos was given little playing time at Bayern and turned into a different player on loan at Leverkusen. Özil will hopefully continue to develop off and on the pitch. As for Kroos, I think he might benefit from Bastian Schweinsteiger's experiences and turn into a proper central midfielder. The two of them combined well together at the end of year, before Kroos picked up an injury. Now on to lighter stuff…. BF: The Guardian is perhaps the best resource for football news in the world. So many great writers, sometimes you are spoilt for choice. So of all other things, who is the joker in the pack? It's Sid Lowe isn't it? RH: They're all pretty funny guys, it has to be said. I think James Richardson is the funniest, personally. Sid's the best writer though. BF: Is there anything better than being able to make your passion your job. Assuming of course football is your passion. RH: Of course it is my passion! And the answer to question is no. I feel very blessed. BF: Any advice for up and coming journalists? RH: 1. Find a niche and fill it and 2. Be very clear about the kind of money you can earn in the medium term and decide whether that's enough for the lifestyle you want. Quickfire: Your favourite player of all time: Karl-Heinz Rummenigge Your favourite currently active player: Lionel Messi Most underrated Bundesliga player: Arturo Vidal Most overrated Bundesliga player: Marko Arnautovic Magath, Tuchel or Klopp? Klopp BF: Last but definitely not the least. Who do you support? (tongue firmly in cheek!) RH: Brentford! For English language followers of the Bundesliga, Raphael Honigstein is basically the one-stop solution for all German football needs. The Bavarian native is a regular columnist for the UK-based Guardian writing mostly on affairs in the Bundesliga. He also contributes on the same to the US-based Sports Illustrated and is often heard regaling listeners with his dry humour on the Guardian's brilliant Football Weekly and the UK radio show talkSPORT. Back home, he writes for the Süddeutsche Zeitung, mostly on issues of English football. Predictably then, he is the author of the fascinating book Englischer Fussball, which you might have seen by its alternate title of Harder, Better, Faster, Stronger. If you aren't already, follow Raphael Honigstein on Twitter @honigstein The interviewer can be followed on Twitter @nondeplume Quazi Zulquarnain There is no right, there is no wrong, there is only popular opinion. Follow me on twitter @nondeplume Latest posts by Quazi Zulquarnain (see all) From Bangladesh to the German National Team: Thank you - July 20, 2014 In Defense of Pep Guardiola and Bayern Munich's "Tiki-Taka" - April 27, 2014 A Tribute to Michael Ballack - June

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H.R. 2109 (116th) H.R. 2109 (116th): Boosting Rates of American Veteran Employment Act Call or Write Congress React to this bill with an emoji Save your opinion on this bill on a six-point scale from strongly oppose to strongly support Add Note All Positions » (Shared on panel.) Widget for your website Get a bill status widget » Follow GovTrack on social media for more updates: Visit us on Twitter Visit us on Instagram On GovTrack Insider: Bill would repeal the 1993 "Motor Voter" law which allows people to register to vote at the DMV Don't worry — reading this article about the DMV won't take as long as the wait there. Jan 15, 2021 Baseball Diplomacy Act would eliminate the current requirement that Cubans give up their Cuban… What should happen if a Cuban citizen wants to become a Yankee, in both senses of the word? Jan 14, 2021 Bill would end Pakistan's status as a major non-NATO ally, the first time a country would ever be… Is it time to change Pakistan's privileged diplomatic status with the U.S? Jan 13, 2021 Add a note about this bill. Your note is for you and will not be shared with anyone. Because you are a member of panel, your positions on legislation and notes below will be shared with the panel administrators. (More Info) To amend title 38, United States Code, to authorize the Secretary of Veterans Affairs, in awarding a contract for the procurement of goods or services, to give a preference to offerors that employ veterans. The bill's titles are written by its sponsor. Sponsor and status Kathleen Rice Sponsor. Representative for New York's 4th congressional district. Democrat. Read Text » 116th Congress (2019–2021) Enacted Via Other Measures Provisions of this bill were incorporated into other bills which were enacted. This bill was incorporated into: H.R. 7105: Johnny Isakson and David P. Roe, M.D. Veterans Health Care and Benefits Improvement Act of 2020 Enacted — Signed by the President on Jan 5, 2021. (compare text) What legislators are saying "Rep. Rices BRAVE Act Passes House with Broad Bipartisan Support" — Rep. Kathleen Rice [D-NY4] (Sponsor) on Jun 26, 2019 "Amata Votes for Blue Water Navy Veterans Bill, Cosponsored 10 Veterans Bills" — Rep. Aumua Amata Radewagen [R-AS0] (Co-sponsor) on May 8, 2019 "My Votes – Week of June 24" — Rep. Cathy Rodgers [R-WA5] on Jun 28, 2019 More statements at ProPublica Represent... What stakeholders are saying R Street Institute SpendingTracker.org estimates new spending due to H.R. 2109 will be negligible. Your organization's position statement could be on this page! Register your organization's position on this bill » Bills and resolutions are referred to committees which debate the bill before possibly sending it on to the whole chamber. Considered by Economic Opportunity A committee held a hearing or business meeting about the bill. Considered by House Committee on Veterans' Affairs Ordered Reported A committee has voted to issue a report to the full chamber recommending that the bill be considered further. Only about 1 in 4 bills are reported out of committee. The House Committee on Veterans' Affairs issued the report which may provide insight into the purpose of the legislation. Read Report » Read Updated Text » See Changes » Passed House (Senate next) The bill was passed in a vote in the House. It goes to the Senate next. The vote was by voice vote so no record of individual votes was made. Read Updated Text » See Changes » Final

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Egypt and Turkey: the calm before the storm Image credit: AP Photo Egypt and Turkey have had strained, almost eruptive relations for the past six years. They were particularly tense after the overthrow of the former Egyptian President and the Muslim Brotherhood Mohamed Morsi in July 2013. Given recent developments in the Mediterranean and Libya, these tensions may have been the calm before the storm. Egypt, Turkey and the Muslim Brotherhood Turkey's Erdoğan and the Justice and Development Party (AKP) are known for their ties to the Muslim Brotherhood and their support for the ousted president. In an interview with Ahval, Lorenzo Vidino, director of the Extremism Program at the George Washington University Center for Cyber and Homeland Security, confirmed that the Islamists who rule Turkey in the Justice and Development Party (AKP) are with the Muslim Brotherhood, too known as, are linked to the Ikhwan in Arabic. After Mohammed Morsi was overthrown in July 2013, members of the Muslim Brotherhood sought refuge in Turkey, which Erdogan actually made available at the time. This influx of MB members into Turkey was also due to the blockade that some Gulf states and Egypt had imposed on Qatar and which Doha already supported the Muslim Brotherhood in 2017. The result was heightened tension between the Egyptian and Turkish governments, with the former accusing Turkey of providing a safe haven for terrorists. Gas resources in the Mediterranean Relations between Turkey's political elite and the Brotherhood are not the only thing affecting current relations between the two Middle Eastern countries. There is also fierce competition for resources in the Mediterranean – gas, to be precise. According to Bruegel, the Italian energy company Eni discovered the Zohr gas field off the coast of Egypt in 2015 during the largest gas discovery ever made in the Mediterranean. The Zohr gas field has gas reserves of 30 trillion cubic feet. Another field is the nearby offshore Noor field, which, according to The Arab Weekly, could have even larger reserves than Zohr. Photo credit: Arabian Business The importance of the Zohr gas field extends far beyond the Egyptian borders due to its proximity to other fields off Israel and Cyprus. This could enable coordinated development and provide these economies with a competitive gas export infrastructure in a timely manner. Egypt hosts LNG export infrastructure in Idku and Damietta. Both plants could easily facilitate the export of gas from Egyptian, Israeli and Cypriot fields. With the help of Egypt's LNG infrastructure, a gas market in the eastern Mediterranean would be created from which all parties would benefit. This would also present an immense opportunity for Europe, where domestic production is declining and gas import requirements are likely to increase in the years to come. However, problems emerged in November 2018 when Turkey was exploring for oil and gas in the eastern Mediterranean. The move sparked tension across the region and the country warned, according to Navytimes, to prevent "unilateral, illegitimate and unfair" actions against its interests. Turkey does not recognize Cyprus as a state and rejects its gas search. She sees this as a violation of the Turkish rights to oil and gas reserves as well as a violation of the rights of the renegade Turkish Cypriots to the natural resources of the ethnically divided island. In addition, Turkey's continental shelf overlaps parts of Cyprus' exclusive economic zone. It is worth noting that Egypt, Greece and Cyprus have agreed to set up a forum for natural gas producing nations in the Eastern Mediterranean to benefit from new gas discoveries. That puts the countries involved and Turkey in the line of fire. Libya is also a concern in the region as various regional powers wage proxy wars in the unstable country. Its border with Egypt puts it in the sphere of influence of Egypt and makes it essential for the latter to stabilize Libya. Libya is currently in a state of war between two powers: Army General Khalifa Haftar, who is supported by Egypt, the United Arab Emirates, Saudi Arabia and Russia; and the government of the National Agreement, which is supported by Turkey, among others. Photo credit: Reuters Egypt would currently not allow a Brotherhood / Turkey-backed government in Tripol

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Lock in a great price for Relais Il Casale – rated 8.7 by recent guests! To get started, it is really important to say that all the staff (staff working in the restaurant and the reception and cleaning staff) is very polite, welcoming and professional. Rooms are very clean and the restaurant as well. The apartment was very spacious and private. further, the Jacuzzi was wonderful for relaxing at night. Oh, yeah! I loved the sauna, too. Great 2 bed appartment/chalet, which was a perfect location and base in the mountains to explore the beaches and countryside. A lovely heated pool with lots of spa jets. Fantastic building and position on the mountainside. We would go back again for another stay. Delicious breakfast with lot of variety of homemade cakes, honey, jam, ham and cheese. Comfy beds. Staff very nice and helpful! The terrace of the house was gated which is great if you have little kids. The staff was friendly. Local fruits from the garden is a nice perk. We could order daily fresh bread. The view is outstanding. Location molto bella, personale veramente gentile. Da tornare! One of our top picks in Tovo San Giacomo.Located in a 25.000-mq garden with olive groves, Relais Il Casale is a 10-minute drive from the Ligurian Coast. This country residence offers an outdoor, heated swimming pool and a modern spa. All units come with free WiFi and free toiletries. Il Casale features a panoramic terrace, where you can enjoy breakfast while admiring views across the Maremola Valley. The indoor wellness center includes a 14-seat hot tub, sauna, and Turkish bath. Available from April until November, the outdoor wellness area features 2 swimming pools and a sun terrace. The on-site restaurant serves local specialties. Albenga is 19 mi from Relais Il Casale, while Genoa Airport is a 1-hour drive from the property. This property also has one of the top-rated locations in Tovo San Giacomo! Guests are happier about it compared to other properties in the area. When would you like to stay at Relais Il Casale? This double room features air conditioning, a flat-screen TV and free toiletries. This suite features a spa bath and a private Turkish bath. This villa has a oven, kitchenware and patio. This suite features a balcony, mini-bar and spa bath. This villa features a kitchenette, barbecue and sofa. House Rules Relais Il Casale takes special requests – add in the next step! ATM card Relais Il Casale accepts these cards and reserves the right to temporarily hold an amount prior to arrival. Relais Il Casale accepts these cards and reserves the right to temporarily hold an amount prior to arrival. Please note, the spa is available at extra EUR 35 per person per day. From November until March, the wellness center is open from Friday until Monday only. From April until October it is available every day. When booking a villa, please note that air conditioning is not included and will be charged EUR 10 per day when used. Please inform Relais Il Casale of your expected arrival time in advance. You can use the Special Requests box when booking, or contact the property directly using the contact details in your confirmation. Most importantly, appart from the staff working in the hotel, there is another person, supposedly the manager (or maybe even the owner of the hotel) that is present in the hotel all the time, managing and monitoring every happening. Even before the beggining of our stay in the hotel, we confirmed by emailing through booking.com that we would like to book 2 additional nights in the hotel. We have received a positive answer from the manager, saying that we can book the two additional nights and we were told the price to which we immediately agreed. When we arrived in the hotel, we confirmed the additional two nights once again with the staff and the manager himself at the reption. However, when we got closer to the end of our stay (we had two nights left in the hotel) it was one day around noon, we were heading to the beach when the manager ran out of the hotel after us yelling and asking us to come back to the hotel and disscus our

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Internet usage rate in Portugal and EU: increases with the level of formal educational attainment (2016) Since 2009, the use of internet by the Portuguese population has increased. However, Portugal is still positioned within the lower levels of internet usage rate compared with the other European Union countries. In the EU there is a more frequent usage of internet among young people and people with higher school attainment. Between 2009 and 2016, the internet daily usage in Portugal almost doubled, while in 2009 only one third of the population in the age ranges of 16 to 74 used the internet, in 2016 more than half of the people used it. Figure 1. presented below shows the evolution of internet daily usage of the Portuguese population, between 2009 and 2016, by sex, age and school attainment. In what regards to sex distribution, the figure shows that women use internet less than men, even though the gender gap has been narrowing along the years. Internet usage of men compared to women varies between 6.0 and 9.0 percentage points from 2009 to 2015, but from 2015 to 2016 it decreases from 7.0 to 4.0. Regarding the age distribution of the daily internet usage, the percentage of population aged 65-74 using internet was five times higher in 2016 when compared to 2009, where only 4% of them used internet daily, although in 2016 represents only 20% of this class. People aged 55-64 also show an increase of more than double, going from 14% to 36% during these seven years. Nevertheless, there is still a large gap between the oldest and youngest internet users, in the age groups of 16-24 and 25-34 there is a daily usage of 95% and 89% respectively, percentages which also increased from 2009 to 2016. There is a daily internet usage of 93% for those with higher school attainment, compared to 85% for people who had completed secondary education. It is for the people in the lower formal educational levels that the inequality is more prominent, where the internet usage represents only 39%. Even though people with low school attainment have increased their usage rate since 2009 (18%) there is still a big gap between them and the levels above. If the weekly usage rate is observed, the last referred tendencies continue. In the Figure 2. percentages for every category increase, resulting in almost full internet usage rate for people in 16-24 age range (99%) and 97% for people with higher school attainment. But there are evident differences with regard to people with age 65-74, where only 26% uses internet at least once per week, and for people with lower school attainment, where slightly less than half of the people uses it (49%). Comparing the European Union country members in their daily internet usage according to the school attainment, the Figure 3. shows that Luxemburg and Norway have the higher values of the total internet usage, 93% and 92% respectively, with slight differences between levels of education, meaning a more balanced use of the internet among the different levels of school attainment. In the other hand, Bulgaria, Turkey and Romania show inferior values in their total population internet usage and greater inequalities with regard to school attainment, Turkey being one of the countries with greater differences, 31% of lower school attainment use the internet in a daily basis, compared to 91% of the people with higher school attainment. However, the most unequal country in this matter is Croatia, having a difference of 68 percentage points (from 24% to 92%) between people with the lowest and highest school attainment levels. Regarding the use of internet at least once per week among the EU countries, the Figure 4. Shows an avarage of 79%, with Portugal, Italy and Greece below the media, however it is Bulgaria, Romania and Turkey that show the lowest internet usage rates. As refered earlier, Luxemburg, Norway and Denmark still hold the first places when observed in their weekly internet usage. Updated by: Andrea Oceguera Farías Esta entrada foi publicada em Indicators e marcada Internet usage rate. Participação feminina no mercado de trabalho

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EatDrinkFilms.com Slamdancin' in Park City: Ficks' Top Five Picks—and a Batkid Bonus Posted on February 5, 2015 by Kenn Fong by Jesse Hawthorne Ficks Gabrielle Demeestere's Yosemite (US), based on two short stories written by James Franco, not only fits perfectly alongside last year's Palo Alto by Gia Coppola, but surpasses that film in its subtle portrayal of Northern California youth in the 1980s. Following three young boys—Chris, Joe and Ted—in their day to day confusions, it brought up my own melancholic memories of films like Rob Reiner's Stand By Me (1986) and Francis Ford Coppola's The Outsiders (1983). Director Demeestere brings a beautiful sense of restraint to the storytelling, and eloquently creates a slice of life that I immediately want to experience again. For those of you who continue to struggle with accepting James Franco as a genuine artistic treasure, take a chance with Yosemite . It's a film that will sneak up on you. Ben Patterson's Sweet Micky for President (US/Haiti/Canada) swept both the Audience Award and the Jury Award for Best Documentary Feature. The unbelievable story of Haitian pop star Michel Martelly running for presidency in 2010 is chock-full of extraordinary in-the-moment footage from beginning to end. Making time for an intriguing personal feud between the Fugees' Wyclef Jean and Pras Michel (with even Sean Penn and Bill Clinton getting caught up in the mix), this gripping doc should have immense crossover appeal to all kinds of audiences. Ironically, for me it even rustled up an unlikely comparison to Woody Allen's slapstick satire Bananas (1971). When it's screened here in the Bay Area, perhaps a panel discussion can take on the problematic complexities of this surreal story. Winner of the top Jury Award for Best Narrative Feature, Britni West's Tired Moonlight (US) is a spectacle beyond belief. This atmospheric excursion into Kalispell, Montana (filmed on luscious Super 16mm Kodak stock) allows characters to weave in and out of moments that bring to light the happy accidents of growing up in rural America—Harmony Korine's Gummo (1997) and David Gordon Green's George Washington (2000) are likely comparisons. West has directed (and written and edited) a stunning debut feature that should be remembered later this year at the Independent Spirit Awards. With mumblecore actor Alex Karpovsky popping up every so often on screen, perhaps a wider audience will find this American treasure. Either way, it's easily one of the best independent films of 2015. Go see it at the Roxie on February 6 or 9 as part of SF Indiefest. Patrick Ryan's Darkness on the Edge of Town (US) sported some of the most striking cinematography, by Tommy Fitzgerald, at Park City this year. This self-proclaimed neo-noir western most definitely emphasizes that style is the substance. The murder of Cleo's sister is revealed to the audience in the film's first moments, enabling our journey with Cleo to become an inevitable descent. These two technicians—Ryan and Fitzgerald—have an eye for cinema, and this debut feature has me chomping at the bit for their follow-up, Black River . SF Indiefest is screening Darkness on the Edge of Town at the Roxie on February 8 and 9. You have to root for the offbeat audacity of Jiyoung Lee's Female Pervert (US). Jennifer Kim's deadpan performance as Phoebe, the female pervert, should inspire a spin-off web series. The film itself is a series of clunky, awkward, and even raunchy would-be one-night stands that may hit "too close to home" for many. There are moments of true genius (Murakami book club arguments; the presentation on how corporate companies distract millennials), and Lee has hit upon something. This film was made for nar

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coleptic laptop viewing. Steven Richtar's Birds of Neptune (US) follows a pair of sisters in a Portland, Oregon suburb as they attempt to get through their fragile nights and days. One makes fuzzed-out experimental music in her room, while the other has discovered burlesque dancing. As hypnotized boys begin to hover around their haunted house, this slow-burning delight gradually reveals an Oregon culture that isn't as cliché as some TV shows make it out to be. In fact, it's quite terrifying. Director Steven Richtar is someone to keep an eye on, and an ear out for—his movie sports what was easily one of the best soundtracks in Park City this year, by Erik Blood and Kevin O'Connor (Talkdemonic). On the first day of the 21st Annual Slamdance Film Festival, Julia Roberts announced that she'll be adapting—producing and starring in—a dramatic version of Dana Nachman's crowd-pleasing documentary Batkid Begins: The Wish Around the World (US). This type of high-profile buzz is exactly what Slamdance deserves after more than two decades of offering truly independent cinema at the top of Park City's main street. Nachman's doc delivers all the expected goods for anyone who didn't live in the Bay Area last year when all of SF went viral, transforming itself into one child's ultimate Make-a-Wish request. The 87-minute film uncovers how the story reached nearly a billion people worldwide, though it only slightly addresses the dilemma that it was arguably being dismissed as an All-American "Bratkid" phenomenon. (Impressively, one couple donated more than $100K for all of the day's expenditures.) I do look forward to seeing the Hollywood version of this Y2Teens extravaganza. Another crowd-pleaser this year was Gary Walkow's emotional rollercoaster The Trouble with Dot & Harry (US). Walkow won the Grand Prize Award at the Sundance Film Festival in 1987 with The Trouble With Dick (US). Sadly, the distributor went bankrupt, leaving Walkow's debut without an outlet or audience for years. (You can watch it on Vimeo here!) Now, close to thirty years later, he has returned, casting his two young daughters as the leads in something akin to Michael Winterbottom's The Trip (2010). As their grumpy middle-aged babysitter journeys them across England tasting the best coffee in the land, these precocious kids will truly melt your selfish, egotistical heart, in the type of film that used to define Sundance. Thank goodness Slamdance is here to pick up the ball. TOP FIVE FICKS' PICKS AT THE 21ST ANNUAL SLAMDANCE Tired Moonlight (Britni West, US) Yosemite (Gabrielle Demeestere, US) The Trouble with Dot & Harry (Gary Walkow, US) Birds of Neptune (Steven Richtar, US) Darkness on the End of Town (Patrick Ryan, US) Jesse Hawthorne Ficks is the Film History Coordinator at the Academy of Art University and curator/host of MiDNiTES FOR MANiACS, a film series at the Castro Theatre which showcases underrated, overlooked and dismissed cinema in a neo-sincere manner. You can read Ficks' picks from this year's Sundance Film Festival at Fandor. This entry was posted in Films and tagged Birds of Neptune, Darkness on the End of Town, Jesse Hawthorne Ficks, Slamdance, The Trouble With Dot & Harry, Tired Moonlight, Yosemite. Bookmark the permalink. ← The Power of Suggestion – JÜCE EatDrinkFilms at SF IndieFest → Subscribe to EatDrinkFilms Follow us on Facebook, Twitter, Instagram, & Pinterest View eatdrinkfilms's profile on Facebook View eatdrinkfilms's profile on Twitter View eatdrinkfilmsmag's profile on Instagram View eatdrinkfilmsso's profile on P

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20

So Old It's New So Old It's New set list for Monday, December 20, 2021 – on air 8-10 pm ET December 20, 2021 Karlo Berkovich Leave a comment Jethro Tull, To Cry You A Song . . . I always listen to music in the gym but been using my workout time lately to dig back into and savor many of my favorite albums, particularly ones I haven't listened to in a while, because I think what often happens is, for me at least, is you know an album so well that it's as if you don't need to play it because you know it in your mind. But then you actually do play it again and you think, wow, is this ever good. Like Tull's third album, Benefit, from which this song comes. As always, credit to my late older brother for introducing me to Tull all those years ago. R.E.M., Oh, My Heart . . . Beautiful song from the band's final album, 2011's Collapse Into Now. It's worth reading the Wikipedia entry about the album, which details how the group, which was on the down slope of commercial success, came to the decision to disband and it wasn't just due to sales. And, also, how they developed the album as they accepted that times had changed concepts of what an 'album' meant. To pull a bit from Wikipedia, the group did videos for each song on the album, not just the singles,of which Oh, My Heart was the fourth. Lead singer Michael Stipe: "The idea was to present a 21st-century version of an album. What does an album mean in the year 2011, particularly to generations of people for whom the word 'album' is an archaic term? An album for me as a teenager in the '70s was a fully-formed concept. It was a body of work from an artist I liked or trusted or who excited me. I wanted to present an idea of what an album could be in the era of YouTube and the internet. This is what we do. We put together and sequenced the strongest body of work we could possibly come up with at this moment in time and put it onto this record." I love listening to creative people discuss their work, whoever it is because, while I like them, I'm not even a massive R.E.M. fan. George Harrison, I Dig Love . . . Same thing here as with my comments re the Jethro Tull song/album I started today's show with. I hadn't listened to Harrison's All Things Must Pass in a long time but did so in the gym, over two workouts, last week. It's a sprawling album, of course, three vinyl records in its original configuration as Harrison unleashed his muse after the breakup of The Beatles, using some material that didn't 'make' Beatles' albums, and his records is filled with gems. Like this very interesting, almost experimental/somewhat unconventional track. Very cool. The Beatles, She's Leaving Home . . . Interesting how things change as time offers perspective. I always liked this song, and the whole Sgt. Pepper album, but as time and life experience goes on, it's moved up to become one of my favorites on the album. Same with George Harrison's sitar-laden and ultimately influential Within You Without You on Pepper, which in my youth was a song I skipped – and I wasn't alone – by lifting the needle from the vinyl record (no programming in those days). Tyrannosaurus Rex, By The Light Of A Magical Moon . . . Great jaunty mid-tempo ballad with some nice guitar from 1970's A Beard Of Stars, the last of four studio albums by the Marc Bolan-led band before they shortened their name and continued as T. Rex. The Doors, The Spy . . . Nothing intentional, just developed this way, maybe it's some Freudian sort of thing, who knows, but many of the songs in the set tonight have to do with relationships. Like this one from the bluesy Morrison Hotel album. Johnny Cash, No Expectations . . . As I've often said, to me the best covers are reinventions, the most famous arguably being Jimi Hendrix's reinterpretation of Bob Dylan's All Along The

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3,168

0

CommonCrawl

24

23

Watchtower. No Expectations by the man in black isn't as well known, but in 1978 he took the great Rolling Stones' track from 1968's Beggars Banquet and gave it the Cash rockabilly-type treatment. Great stuff. The Rolling Stones, Dance (Pt. 1)/If I Was A Dancer (Dance Pt. 2) . . . And, speaking of the Stones, now for something completely different, from 1980's Emotional Rescue album. Part 1 was the opening cut on the album but Part 2 didn't appear until the 1981 compilation, Sucking In The Seventies. I've slotted them back to back, and thanks to whoever, on YouTube, for connecting the tunes into one 10-minute package that I've used for the usual song clips on my Facebook page. Elvis Presley, Little Sister . . . Always loved this Elvis tune. And, see how it goes from the Stones' Dance to Elvis's Little Sister, a nod to the Stones' Dance Little Sister? Clever, aren't I? Ha. Van Morrison, Precious Time . . . I need to listen to this tune and its lyrics more because I have too many interests, which results in me having difficulty prioritizing, at times. Time is indeed precious, to be used wisely. Delaney and Bonnie (with Eric Clapton), Comin' Home . . . Here's what happens when you dig into a box set you haven't listened to in a while, in this case Clapton's 1988 release Crossroads. You remember this band and this song, a good rocker from the group/then married couple of Delaney and Bonnie Bramlett and friends which at various times featured Clapton, Duane and Gregg Allman, Dave Mason, George Harrison (under the pseudonym L'Angelo Misterioso), Bobby Keys, Gram Parsons, on and on and which led to the formation of . . . Derek and The Dominos, Got To Get Better In A Little While . . . Three members of Delaney Bramlett's band, who had helped Clapton out on his first, self-titled solo album, had a falling out with Bramlett. So, Clapton scooped up keyboardist Bobby Whitlock, bassist Carl Radle and drummer Jim Gordon and the result was Derek and The Dominos. This is an early version, from the Crossroads box and without Whitlock, of a rocker scheduled for what was to be a second Dominos album, after the Layla and Other Assorted Love Songs album. Creedence Clearwater Revival, It's Just A Thought . . . Who says CCR was just a hit singles band? They have many great deep cuts, like this nice groove tune from the Pendulum album. Blackie and The Rodeo Kings, 49 Tons . . . Cool shuffle from the Canadian combo of Stephen Fearing, Colin Linden and Tom Wilson. What began as something of a fun side project by guys with their own gigs – Fearing solo, Linden lots of production work and some solo stuff and Wilson with Junkhouse and assorted other projects – soon became a full-fledged band, and a good one. Rod Stewart, Stone Cold Sober . . . I feel like I've played this one too recently, although I can't find it in 2021 shows but in any event, what the heck. Good, fun rocker from Stewart's 1975 Atlantic Crossing album, his first after he moved to the United States and first without most members of Faces as his backing band for his solo work. The album was the first of a great run in Stewart's second distinct solo period, one that brought him great commercial and critical success up until about 1980, after which he lost the plot, went schlock, and lost me. Joe Jackson, What's The Use Of Getting Sober (When You're Gonna Get Drunk Again) . . . J.J.'s version of a song Louis Jordan took to No. 1 on Billboard's 'race record chart' (really, a 'race' record chart) in 1942. It appeared on Jackson's 1981 jump blues/swing album Jumpin' Jive, at which time, after his early angry young man punk/new

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Chunbo Ma Associate Professor, MSc PhD Rensselaer Associate Professor, Faculty of Science, UWA School of Agriculture and Environment [email protected] The University of Western Australia (M089), 35 Stirling Highway, Room G027, Agriculture North West Wing, Perth campus I studied Economics at Nankai University in China and then worked in the Agricultural Bank of China for three years. I completed a master with a major in Environmental Economics, Values and Policy in 2003 and a PhD in Ecological Economics in 2007 both at Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute in the US. Ministry of Education of the PRC Key Grant, Studies of urban and rural land market in China, (Leading CI: Anlu Zhang; co-CI: Michael Burton and Ben White), RMB 800,000, 2014. NSFC General Program Grant (NSFC 71373078), Non-market valuation of environmental externalities in power generation sector and policy models of promoting energy saving and emission mitigation, Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) (Leading CI: X.L. Zhao, North China Electric Power University), RMB 570, 000, 2013. Research Collaboration Award, University of Western Australia, Modelling Productivity Performance of China's Coal-Fired Power Generation, (with North China Electric Power University), $A 10, 000, 2013. Discovery Early Career Researcher Award, Australian Reseach Council, Social Learning:The Diffusion of Residential Rooftop Photovoltaic Panels in Australia, A$372,000(2013-2015) ECR Fellowship Support Grant, University of Western Australia, Solar Panel Diffusion in Australia, A$30,000(2013-2015) Discovery Project (DP120101088), Australian Research Council, Energy Transitions: Past, Present and Future, David I. Stern, ANU; Chunbo Ma, UWA; Jack Pezzey, ANU and Astrid Kander, Lund U., $A240,000 (2012-2014). Research Development Award, University of Western Australia, The Diffusion of Household Rooftop Photovoltaic Systems in Western Australia, Chunbo Ma and Michael Burton, AU$9,300 (2011) Research Development Award, University of Western Australia, Preferences and Willingness-to-pay for Green Power in Western Australia, Chunbo Ma and Michael Burton, AU$20,700 (2010) Research Collaboration Award, University of Western Australia, Who lives on the wrong side of the environmental track? – modeling the distribution of industrial pollution exposure among communities in China, Chunbo Ma, UWA and Qingyu Zhang, Zhejiang University, AU$5,000 (2009) Alcoa Foundation Fellowship, University of Michigan, Renewable Portfolio Standards (RPS) and electric utility reforms in China, US$100,000 (2007-2009) Center for the Applied Studies of Economics and the Environment (CASEE) Research Award, International Rivers Network, Sustainability of World Bank's energy portfolio and UNEP-DDP Compendium, US$5,000 (2006) Chauncey Starr Fellowship, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, doctoral research on China's economic growth and energy consumption, US$60,000 (2005-2007) Research Scholarship, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, US$30,000 (2003-2005) Teaching Scholarship, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, US$12,000 (2002-2003) Alcoa Foundation Sustainability Research Fellow, Erb Institute for Global Sustainable Enterprise, School of Natural Resource and Environment, University of Michigan at Ann Arbor, US, 2

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007-2009 Research Consultant, International Rivers Network, US, 2006 Research Assistant, Department of Economics, School of Humanities, Arts and Social Sciences, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, US, 2003-2005 Teaching Assistant, Department of Economics, School of Humanities, Arts and Social Sciences, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, US, 2002-2003 Teaching overview ECON 5003, Fundamental Microeconomics for Agriculture & Policy (Sem2) ECON 5004, Microeconometric Models for Agriculture & Natural Resources (Sem1) Past Teaching ECON 1120, Environmental Economics (Sem 1) ECON 3323, Business and the Environment ECON 4410, Environmental and Resource Economics Energy/Resource/Environmental Economic; Agricutlural Economics; Productivity and Efficiency Analysis; Non-market Valuation; Chinese Economy Ecological Economics, PhD, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute Sep 2003 → Aug 2007 Environmental Economics, Values and Policy, MSc., Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute Aug 2002 → May 2003 Environmental economics and policy Economics of renewable energy Productivity and efficiency analysis Fingerprint Dive into the research topics where Chunbo Ma is active. These topic labels come from the works of this person. Together they form a unique fingerprint. ecological economics Earth & Environmental Sciences Economics Engineering & Materials Science Decomposition Engineering & Materials Science Costs Engineering & Materials Science Carbon Engineering & Materials Science environmental economics Earth & Environmental Sciences Cooking Engineering & Materials Science carbon emission Earth & Environmental Sciences A critical review of distance function based economic research on China's marginal abatement cost of carbon dioxide emissions Ma, C., Hailu, A. & You, C., 1 Oct 2019, In : Energy Economics. 84, 104533. Does carbon farming provide a cost-effective option to mitigate GHG emissions? Evidence from China Tang, K., He, C., Ma, C. & Wang, D., 1 Jul 2019, In : Australian Journal of Agricultural and Resource Economics. 63, 3, p. 575-592 18 p. Impact of climate smart agriculture (CSA) through sustainable irrigation management on Resource use efficiency: A sustainable production alternative for cotton Imran, M. A., Ali, A., Ashfaq, M., Hassan, S., Culas, R. & Ma, C., 1 Nov 2019, In : Land Use Policy. 88, 104113. conversion of production resource use The Convergence of China's Marginal Abatement Cost of CO2: An Emission-Weighted Continuous State Space Approach Wu, J. & Ma, C., Apr 2019, In : Environmental and Resource Economics. 72, 4, p. 1099-1119 21 p. abatement cost State space Marginal abatement costs The static and dynamic heterogeneity and determinants of marginal abatement cost of CO 2 emissions in Chinese cities Wu, J., Ma, C. & Tang, K., 1 Jul 2019, In : Energy. 178, p. 685-694 10 p. Dynamic analysis Modelling productivity peformance of China's coal-fired electricity generation Ma, C. & Zhao, X. Australia-China emerging future leaders in low emissions coal technology fellowship Ma, C. Australian Academy of Technological Sciences & Engineering ATSE Social Learning: The Diffusion of Residential Rooftop Photovoltaic Panels in Australia Social Learning - The Diffusion of Residential Rooftop Photovoltaaic Panels in Australia A Sunrise Industry? The Diff

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Christ Church Kilmore closed it's doors to worshippers on New Years Day for a long awaited major renovation project. It is expected the church will be closed for approximately 12 weeks and hopefully will reopen in time for Easter. Christ Church is said to be the oldest inland church in Victoria. On 19th November, 1857, the first stone of the church was laid by Bishop Charles Perry. By January 1861 the first service was held in Christ Church. There had been 3 architects: Perrot, Kingk and Fleury in succession, but despite many set-backs Christ Church, Kilmore was completed (except for the Bell Tower) in 1864. The renovation works will include repairing damage to flooring and walls, as well as painting and restoring, re-carpeting, heating and cooling, and a new entrance way. Renovation work started on January 2nd with first the church being completely gutted of furniture and chattels, followed by the carpet being removed and some floor boards seeing the light of day for the first time in decades. This page will include weekly photographic updates on the progress of the project. Sunday January 1st was the final service in Christ Church before a team of parishioners set to work the following day to empty the church in readiness for the builders to move in for the long awaited renovations. January 3rd saw the church gutted and under the watchful eye of Project Manager Ian Staring, the work began. First job was to lift the floorboard to check the foundations. Unfortunately some of the bearers were found to be damaged by borers and damp. This needed to be rectified before the flooring was strong enough to bring in the scaffolding to begin the work. Week two saw the Sunday worship start in the Senior Citizens Rooms in Kilmore; the floor boards being taken up; rotten bearers being removed; Pest Control called in; Castin Reinforcing Plates being made; and some "treasurers" (165 year old nails) being found. Week three saw us already behind schedule due to the unforeseen damage being found under the floorboards, but work progressed with the Castin Reinforcing Plates being concreted into the ground to support the new galvanised steel bearers. The scaffolding arrived in week 4 and more steel bearers replaced the last of the rotting ones. Week 5 saw the old floor boards being covered over to make a completely flat working space for the carpet (the original floor boards being slightly warped and not suitable for covering by carpet squares). "Observation holes" were created for future pest control and to allow us to see what is happening under the floorboards without having to remove the flooring. More electrical work was completed; and the sanctuary floor was strengthened. Week 6 saw work begin on the top part of the church. A start was made on sealing the ceiling and the woodwork re-stained. The chapel (old sanctuary) was prepared for the laying of the steel bearers. In week 7 the painting of the walls was started and more work on the ceiling. The 'Flower Vestry' had the cupboards removed and unfortunately more damage was found behind and under them due to dampness being trapped and no air circulating behind them. This room will now need to be re-rendered. This will wait until after the main body of the church has been completed to keep the project on track. Week 8 and the painting continued on the rendered walls. The ceiling work was ongoing, and the chapel flooring strengthened. Week 9 and the chapel walls were patched and repaired in readiness for the painting; the final work on the chapel flooring; lighting going in and the 'arched' wall being painted, and the feature blocks at the end of the church being painted brown to highlight them. The main part of Week 10 was the working bee at Christ Church. While we still had the scissor lift in the building, this was the ideal time to give the windows a much needed clean. The floors were also swept and vacuumed to within an inch of its life. This was needed in preparation of the carpet going down. As with most of the work over the last ten weeks, we once again came across some more damage. This time to one of the stained glass windows which was starting to come away from the frame work. Another job to be looked into!

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Oprah's Biggest Moments Published at 7:36 am on April 5, 2011 She's a force of nature and about to leave daytime TV. We take a look at key moments in Oprah's decades-long career. Harpo Productions Talk show queen Oprah Winfrey has signed off for good. Among the top "Oprah" moments from the past 25 years: Tom Cruise bouncing on Winfrey's couch to proclaim his love for Katie Holmes in 2005. Check out more surprises, scandals and milestones in Oprah's career. Tom Cruise returned to the show Tuesday night for a star-studded double-taping of "Surprise Oprah! A Farewell Spectacular" in Chicago's United Center. The shows will air May 23 and May 24 and ahead of Winfrey's final show. Madonna and Beyonce also stopped by. Oprah earned both Academy Award and Golden Globe nominations for best supporting actress for her performance in "The Color Purple." The 1986 film, adapted from Alice Walker's 1982 novel of the same name, ran as a Broadway musical from late 2005 to early 2008. In 1988, Oprah wiggled her way into size 10 jeans and dragged a red wagon holding 67 pounds of fat on stage. It represented the weight she lost on a four-month-long liquid diet. She put weight back on as soon as she started eating again, and told "Good Morning America" the wagon bit was "an iconic mistake." WireImage/Getty Images In 1988, Oprah interviewed Elizabeth Taylor. Before the interview, the seven-times-married Taylor asked that Oprah not ask anything about her love life. To try to break the tension, Oprah teased, "I declare, you've got to stop talking so much, Ms. Taylor!" Here they are in 2002, looking slightly more friendly. In 1993, Michael Jackson welcomed Oprah to the Neverland Ranch for his first interview in 14 years. It became known as the "definitive Michael Jackson interview," where Jackson revealed intimate details about his skin color, plastic surgery, relationships and love for children. Oprah showed considerable relief after a jury ruled in her favor following a two-month-long defamation trial of the Texas beef industry, claiming it cost them millions of dollars. Oprah had said a guest's account of cattle being fed to other cattle as feed "just stopped me cold from eating another burger." Mary Tyler Moore - one of Oprah's early role models -- surprised Ms. O with a live call to the show in 1997. Oprah was stunned when Moore walked on stage. "I am still in awe of a woman whose life is an example of grace and sensitivity," Oprah wrote on her website. Dr. Phil first appeared on "Oprah" in the last '90s. Viewers liked him so much that he appeared every week as a "relationship and life-strategy expert." He got his own show in 2002. Oprah's Book Club began in 1996 and turned obscure titles into overnight bestsellers. Authors and publishers rejoiced ... ... with the exception of Jonathan Franzen. When his novel "The Corrections" was selected for the Book Club, Franzen called many of her selections "schmaltzy" and "one-dimensional," and said he wanted to attract a more male audience. His book was promptly kicked out of the club. The author and the interviewer buried the hatchet in September 2010, when Franzen's book "Freedom" became a Book Club pick. After it was revealed in 2006 that Book Club author James Frey invented and embellished parts of his so-called memoir, "A Million Little Pieces," Oprah confronted him on the air. "I feel duped," she said. "But more importantly, I feel that you betrayed millions of readers." Frey's career has since recovered, but he lost a book deal in the aftermath. FilmMagic/Getty Images Oprah also made Dr. Mehmet Oz a star. The Turkish-American cardiothoracic surgeon first appeared

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3,174

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CommonCrawl

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on the show in 2004. Food guru Rachael Ray's career got a jump start from Oprah. Her own daytime show premiered in 2006. One of Oprah's "favorite spiritual teachers" was a boy with muscular dystrophy. Mattie Stepanek published five books of poetry and advocated for peace. In a 2000 appearance on the show he shared his personal philosophy: "Play after every storm." Stepanek passed away in 2004 at age 14. Here he is with his mother Jeni Stepanek. Legendary actor Sidney Poitier visited Oprah's show in 2000, after his autobiography was published. Oprah said she broke down in tears after her interview with him. "I had watched Sidney Poitier win the Academy Award as a 10-year-old girl. I remember thinking that if he could do that, I wonder what I could do," she wrote on her website. Tina Turner and Oprah Winfrey boogie at the 2000 launch party for "O, The Oprah Magazine." Oprah said she had always dreamed of singing onstage with the famously coiffed singer. The thing about "O: The Oprah Magazine" is that Oprah is on every single cover. She's shared the front page twice since it's launch in 2000: once with Ellen DeGeneres and once with Michelle Obama. Here's the September 2001 cover. Every audience member at a September 2004 show went home with a free Pontiac G6. Oprah said the spectators were selected because each person needed a car. EMTs were standing by in case anyone had heart problems, Oprah said on her website. Here's Oprah at the opening ceremony of her $40 million Leadership Academy for Girls School outside Johannesburg, South Africa. The school was rocked by a sex scandal shortly after it opened in 2007. A woman working at the school was charged with sexual assault and later cleared of all charges. Oprah said she was "profoundly disappointed" by the trial's outcome. In 2008, Oprah produced "The Secret Life of Bees," based on Sue Monk Kidd's novel. The film is set in South Carolina in 1964 and features Queen Latifah, Alicia Keys and Dakota Fanning. Suze Orman first showed up on "Oprah" as a personal finance expert, offering advice on debt, marriage and planning. On one February 2008 show, she gave away a million electronic copies of her book "Woman and Money." Here she is with Oprah and Whoopi Goldberg. Mackenzie Phillips, daughter of the Mamas & the Papas' singer Jon Phillips, appeared on Oprah in 2009 and spoke for the first time about her cocaine-fueled, incestuous relationship with her father. Her book, "High on Arrival," describes her struggle with drug abuse and her 10-year-long sexual relationship with her father. In May 2009, Oprah teamed up with KFC to promote their new grilled chicken. She said anyone could print a free coupon and get two pieces of chicken, two sides and a biscuit for free. Turns out she underestimated the people's desire for free fast food. Some locations turned people away because they didn't have enough to go around. Oprah was an executive producer of "Precious," a brutal drama about abuse and poverty. Here she is with executive producer Tyler Perry and Oscar-nominated star Gabourey Sidibe at the 2009 Toronto Film Festival. "None of us who sees the movie can now walk through the world and allow the Preciouses of the world to be invisible," Winfrey told reporters there. The guest list for the final show is being kept a secret, even from Oprah herself. In December 2010, Aussie Hugh Jackman flew down a zip-line cable, colliding with a lighting rig and injuring his right eye. Jackman emerged with a smile, and Oprah offered him a hug and a glass of wine for his trouble. Lady Gaga tried to turn Oprah into one of her little monsters in a January 2010 appearance on Oprah's show. President George W. Bush sat down with Oprah in November 20

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Elizabeth was born in 1533 into a time of political and royal drama. She was the daughter of King Henry VIII of England and his second wife, Anne Boleyn. Henry believed that only a man could rule a nation, and dramatically divorced his first wife, Catherine of Aragon, with whom he had a daughter but no sons, so he could marry Anne. When Anne's baby turned out to be a girl too, Henry was disappointed. Elizabeth as a young woman. Henry quickly found another new bride, Jane Seymour, and had Anne Boleyn executed as a traitor. But Jane soon died giving birth to Elizabeth's younger brother, Edward. Elizabeth's father next married Anne of Cleves, whom he divorced almost immediately. He then married his fifth wife, Catherine Howard, Anne Boleyn's cousin. She too was executed by the impatient king, who finally married Katherine Parr before he died himself. Elizabeth was thirteen, and Edward just nine when he took the throne. Young Elizabeth watched all of this from afar and clearly learned her lesson: marriage was a dangerous thing for a woman. She was determined not to be ruled by any man in case she ended up like her mother and stepmothers-set aside, forgotten, or even killed. Luckily, her last stepmother, Katherine Parr, was a kind woman who ensured that the young princess was educated just as well as if she had been a prince. When Edward, aged only fifteen, became ill and died, Elizabeth's older sister, Mary, took the throne. Mary was a devout Catholic and Elizabeth was a Protestant, and because of this Mary declared Elizabeth to be her enemy, locking her up in the Tower of London. Elizabeth's portrait on a coin. When Mary died, Elizabeth inherited the throne at the age of twenty-five. Being queen of England was a tough job: England was poor, and fighting between Catholics and Protestants meant it was deeply divided. Elizabeth quickly made England a Protestant nation once more, but unlike her sister before her, she allowed her subjects to practice their own faiths quietly. Hatfield House in England, where Elizabeth learned she was to be queen of England. With a new queen on the throne, suitors appeared from all over Europe. But only one man came close to capturing Elizabeth's heart: Robert Dudley, Earl of Leicester. However, she was determined not to marry, even for love. Although Parliament refused to give her the money she needed to rule unless she married, she resisted: she would rule England alone. Under Elizabeth, English culture flourished and William Shakespeare's plays started a golden age of literature. She also looked beyond English borders, sending Francis Drake to sail around the globe. In America, her knight Sir Walter Raleigh started a colony named Virginia, after the unmarried "Virgin Queen." An empire had begun, and soon money and goods from the new colonies came pouring in to the royal treasury. Elizabeth's position was not always safe. There were many plots to overthrow her, including one involving her cousin, Mary Queen of Scots. After Elizabeth had Mary executed for treason, Mary's supporter, Philip II of Spain, sent a huge fleet of ships to invade England, known as the Spanish Armada. But Elizabeth's own fleet-helped by strong winds-pushed them back, and England was safe again. Elizabeth ruled for forty-five years. Many people believe that she was the greatest monarch ever to rule England. Where there had been violence and poverty, she created peace and prosperity. She sponsored the arts and the exploration of the New World, starting an empire that would last for hundreds of years. And she did all of this on her own, resisting a marriage that might have made it harder for her to rule in her own right. Elizabeth's unique signature. The "R" stands for Regina, which is the Latin word for queen. Katherine Halligan grew up near the beach in California with her nose in a book and her toes in the sand. She studied arts, literature, history, and languages, travelling and living all over the world. Her love of words and pictures led her to work as a publisher, writing over 100 books for children along the way. She lives—once again—near the beaches in California with her husband and their two daughters. Sarah Walsh grew up in upstate New York. When she was young she was obsessed with animals. So much so that she wanted to be one, and wore different animal costumes all year round.

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I have been on a mission to visit all the historical sites in Kenya. I'm not doing too badly so far but I could definitely do better. I was in the Kenyan Coast in December and on my to-do list was to visit the Jumba la Mtwana ruins. Jumba la Mtwana is a picturesque ancient ruins village situated in Kilifi County. The site lies 15 kilometres north of Mombasa, 4 kilometres from the Mombasa-Malindi road and extends along the shore for a distance of about 300 meters and 250 meters inland. It is pretty easy to access the ruins via public transport. You simply board a matatu heading to Mtwapa and get off at the last stop. We decided to stop by the supermarket to pick up some snacks and cold drinks. You can walk to the ruins (if you don't mind the 4km distance) but we decided to take a bodaboda (a motorcycle taxi). The journey by bodaboda took us 8 minutes. There are no signs on the road, at all – the National Museums of Kenya need to style up. The only sign is at the entrance of the ruins. Fortunately the route to the ruins is pretty straightforward and unless your sense of direction is as bad as mine, chances of getting lost are minimal. We walked to the office and bought our tickets. They cost only 100 bob ($1). We then asked for a guide and were told that they usually don't have one on Sundays. I was a bit bummed out but on the plus side we'd get to make up our own story. I would definitely love to go back and have a guide show me around. Most of the information about the ruins I got from the National Museums of Kenya website. There is a museum on site but hardly any information about the ruins in the museum. However, you do get to learn quite a bit about the Swahili culture and about other historical sites in East Africa. Once we were done with the museum we then went off to view the ruins. The ruins were much larger than I expected. Jumba la Mtwana is Swahili for "the large house of the slave". From the name I had assumed it would be one large house. There is one main paved path that leads from the museum all the way to the beach. Feel free to wander from the path so as to properly explore the ruins. The ruins are generally a very pleasant place to visit even if you have no interest in history. After walking around for a bit I started to feel like I was in a different time and age. The ruins are surrounded by trees which were gently swaying in the wind.It was such a welcome relief to have a break from the sweltering heat. Within this area four mosques, a tomb and four houses have survived in recognizable condition. These houses include the House of the Cylinder, The House of the Kitchen, The House of the Many Pools, which had three phases, and the Great Mosque. The largest of the mosques faces the ocean. The town had been built in the fourteenth century but abandoned early in the fifteenth century. The dating is based on the presence of a few shards of early blue and white Chinese porcelain. After exploring the ruins we decided to take a walk on the beach. Next time I visit the ruins I am definitely carrying a picnic basket. There is a restaurant by the beach if you want to have a meal but I think having a picnic is so much better and cheaper. There is a grassy spot right underneath the palm trees that is the perfect spot to picnic. You can also swim since the beach is right there. It is best to wait when the tide is coming in, that way you can stick to the sandy shallows and avoid stepping on the coral. For more detailed descriptions of the ruins you can read more here. Linked to Noel Morata's Travel Photo Mondays. What a beautiful site to visit! That mosque looks like it would've made for a beautiful spot to worship. That beach looks like the kind of place I could just lounge at all day! I have never heard of the place, thanks for highlighting the destination. Love the info of the baobab tree, I only learnt recently that the mabuyu come from the baobab tree. Hi Rachel, I think it such a great mission to see all historical sites in Kenya and it's also great that you can share them

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It's a love-fest! To the surprise of… exactly who? Trump's meeting with top tech execs confirms a simple truth: All their ships are sailing in the same direction. For a guy who built his electoral coalition on a foundation of fiery populist rhetoric and anti-establishment bromides, Donald Trump's presidential transition has been heavy on elites. He's selected a Cabinet whose aggregate wealth is greater than that of the bottom third of Americans households — 17 people of the people (out of 23 positions to be filled) who have more money than 43 million families. He's also welcomed a cross-section of opinion leaders to the gilded Trump Tower, including rappers, boxers, former NFL stars, NFL owners, fashion icons, environmental activists/screen idols, and environmental activists/vanquished presidential candidates. Around these parts, though, the most conspicuous gathering of ring-kissers has to be President-elect The Donald's December 14 summoning of tech industry leaders to his Fifth Avenue skyscraper. and Tesla Motors Inc. (TSLA) and SpaceX founder and CEO Elon Musk. Apparently — and ironically, given the president-elect's well-known penchant for dashing off 140 characters of pure impulse — Twitter Inc. (TWTR) and CEO Jack Dorsey were "too small" to merit inclusion. Palantir Technologies Inc. CEO Alex Karp, a close associate of Trump tech consigliere Peter Thiel, who set the invite list, was there. Ever-present, of course, are Ivanka Trump and her husband Jared Kushner, as well as sons Donald Trump Jr and Eric Trump. That 12-heavyweight bullet list includes many outspoken critics of candidate Trump, including Bezos, who once said his behavior toward the press on the trail "erodes democracy around the edges" and joked about sending him to space. But now all their ships are sailing in the same direction. So I want to add that I'm here to help you folks do well. And you're doing well right now, and I'm honored by the bounce. They're all talking about the bounce, so right now everybody in this room has to like me at least a little bit, but we're going to try and have that bounce continue, and perhaps even more importantly, we want you to keep going with the incredible innovation. There's nobody like you in the world. In the world, there's nobody like the people in this room. And anything we can do to help this go along, and we're going to be there for you and you'll call my people, you'll call me, it doesn't make any difference, we have no formal chain of command around here. It's a rapprochement remarkably stunning and, at the same time, entirely predictable. Silicon Valley had little love for Trump. Actually, Silicon Valley's rank and file probably still have little love for Trump. But Silicon Valley's elite corporate officers recognize — as does the small-government-low-tax-no-regulation libertarian Thiel, who founded Palantir as well as PayPal Inc. — some long-term upside potential in the Trump era. It's as simple, too, as Apple's Cook put it in an explanation to his employees, of not wanting to be left behind. Personally, I've never found being on the sideline a successful place to be… The way that you influence these issues is to be in the arena. So whether it's in this country, or the European Union, or in China or South America, we engage. And we engage when we agree and we engage when we disagree. I think it's very important to do that because you don't change things by just yelling. You change things by showing everyone why your way is the best. In many ways, it's a debate of ideas. But I think one thing that should be made distinguished here is the media always is taking Trump literally. It never takes him seriously, but it always takes him literally. I think a lot of the voters who vote for Trump take Trump seriously, but not literally. And so when they hear things like the Muslim comment or like the wall comment or things like that, it's not — the question is not are you going to build a wall like the Great

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Tag: Calgary Wranglers The WHL, Part 5: There was tragedy, lots of movement and marshmallow punches . . . Here is the fifth and final piece on the WHL's first 25 years. The five stories were written in the late 1990s, while I was the sports editor at the Regina Leader-Post. I had pretty much forgotten about it until recently when I was asked if I might post it again. So I have done just that over the past couple of weeks. . . . As you read each piece, please remember that I wrote them more than 20 years ago and they cover only the league's first 25 years. It isn't an all-encompassing history, but hits on some of the highlights and a few lowlights. . . . The stories are pretty much as originally written. . . . Here, then, is Part 5 of 5. Thanks for reading along. I hope you have enjoyed these stories, and thank you for all of the positive feedback. . . . The fifth five-year segment was easily the best of the WHL's first 25 years. There was success in the stands, particularly in the Pacific Northwest corner of the United States, and in Saskatoon where the Blades welcomed a new facility. There was stability, too. Recent additions, like the Tri-City Americans and Lethbridge Hurricanes, settled in for what appeared to be long stays. But the greatest success came on the ice where the WHL won four Memorial Cup championships during the five seasons, opening with three in a row and closing with a victory by the Spokane Chiefs. The 1986-87 season actually started on something of a strange note. The Regina Pats signed Doug Sauter, who was under contract to the Medicine Hat Tigers, to a two-year deal as general manager/head coach. The result was that the Pats agreed to compensate the Tigers. The compensation turned into two veteran players — defenceman Kevin Ekdahl and forward Kevin Clemens. It was the first time in WHL history that a coach had, in effect, been traded. The Pats also welcomed back another familiar face with Dennis Sobchuk, the greatest and most-popular player in franchise history, signing on as assistant coach/assistant manager. This was a time of great change in the front offices and behind the benches. Barry Trapp left the Moose Jaw Warriors, saying, "I wasn't fired. It was just a mutual agreement. It was a very friendly parting." Medicine Hat signed Bryan Maxwell to replace Sauter, while Peter Esdale was the new coach in Spokane and Wayne Naka took over the Cougars in Victoria. In New Westminster, John Olver was the GM, with Ernie McLean the coach. Harvey Roy was out as the Bruins' director of marketing, but he would surface in Moose Jaw as the GM and would hire Greg Kvisle to coach the Warriors. In Prince Albert, GM/head coach Terry Simpson left to coach the NHL's New York Islanders and Rick Wilson took over. Perhaps the biggest news in the summer of 1986 came on June 2 when the WHL announced it was doing away with round-robin playoff series in the East Division. Instead, the top two teams would get first- round byes. In the WHL office, Richard Doerksen's title was upgraded from executive assistant/referee-in-chief to vice-president. There was trouble in Brandon, where the Bank of Nova Scotia called in a $77,000 demand loan, asking for payment on July 31. This resulted in the Wheat Kings' board recommending to shareholders that the franchise be sold. BOB CORNELL (Photo: Manitoba Hockey Hall of Fame) In August, shareholders voted 1,411-404 in favour of selling the Wheat Kings. Offers were received from two groups — one in Edmonton headed by Vic Mah, the other comprising Brandon businessmen Bob Cornell and Stuart Craig, and Winnipeg businessman Dave Laing. Cornell's group purchased the Wheat Kings for more than $300,000 and then added a unique twist to the situation by signing a 10-year working agreement with the Keystone Centre. The Keystone took over operation

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of the club, and hired Bill Shinske to run the front office. Shinske hired Marc Pezzin as coach. The WHL also welcomed the Swift Current Broncos to the fold. Behind the bench was Graham James, who had recently reached an out-of-court settlement with the Warriors over a lawsuit he had started the previous year. "If we continue to average close to 2,000, we'll have a real successful year and we'll show a profit of about $80,000," Gary Bollinger, the Broncos' vice-president and alternate governor, said. "That doesn't include playoff revenue. We were budgeting for an average of 1,600. If we averaged that, we'd still make a bit of a profit." The first coaching change of the 1986-87 season took place on Dec. 8 in Seattle when Sheldon Ferguson gave up the Thunderbirds' coaching reins, but stayed on as GM. Dan McDonald was the new head coach, with former Portland Winter Hawks star Jim Dobson as the assistant. When the Swift Current Broncos' bus crashed on Dec. 30, 1986, the hockey world lost Chris Mantyka (left), Trent Kresse, Scott Kruger and Brent Ruff. (Photo: Swift Current Broncos) Disaster struck on Dec. 30 when the Broncos, en route to Regina to play the Pats, were involved in a bus accident. Four players — Scott Kruger, Trent Kresse, Brent Ruff and Chris Mantyka — were killed. ED CHYNOWETH "There has never been anything more devastating that has happened to me personally," Ed Chynoweth, the WHL president, said. "The question I keep asking myself is 'Why?' My heart goes out to all the parents and the people involved. I wish someone would call and say this is all a mistake." John Foster, the Broncos' publicity director, said: "This team will band together and win it for those guys who died. The (survivors) were absolutely professional under stress. If the people of Swift Current could have seen them, they would have been proud." There was never any thought of the team not continuing. As team president John Rittinger said: "It's up to the players and the fans now. We aren't ready to throw in the towel." Defenceman Ed Brost, talking about the club's next game, stated: "It will be difficult. To go right back out on the ice would be cheating ourselves emotionally and physically. Right now people have to remember athletes are human beings, not robots." Moose Jaw centre Theoren Fleury was in Czechoslovakia with Canada's national junior team at the time of the accident. "I just can't believe it," Fleury said. "I just sat on the bus all the way to practice today thinking about what's going on with all those guys on that team right now. It just blows me away. I don't know what to say. There's nothing we can do about it and I think being helpless is the most frustrating thing about it." As if losing four players in the accident wasn't enough, Herman Kruger, 67, suffered a fatal heart attack as he entered the church for his great-grandson's funeral. And later the same day, Sauter and Regina trainer Stan Szumlak came to the rescue of Keith Giles, a member of the Prince Albert executive, who was choking on some food. Donations in memory of the players poured into the Broncos' office and an education fund was set up in their memory. Another fund was started to raise money that would go towards the cost of replacing the bus. On Feb. 2, a longtime veteran of the WHL's coaching wars returned for one last fling when John Chapman replaced Wally Kozak behind the bench of the Calgary Wranglers. Chapman also was the Calgary GM. On Feb. 15, Portland won a game in Spokane and Ken Hodge took over as the winningest coach in WHL history. His 547 victories were one more than Ernie McLean. BRAD HORNUNG (Photo: University of Regina) Tragedy struck the WHL again on March 1 when Regina centre Brad Hornung was checked into the end

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boards at the Agridome and suffered a broken neck. Dr. Chris Ekong, a neurosurgeon, said Hornung suffered a burst fracture of the third cervical vertebrae and a crushed spinal cord. "Brad has no feelings in his arms and legs," Dr. Ekong said. "He is completely paralysed from the neck down." Hornung would never regain the use of his arms and legs, but that didn't stop him from going on with his life. As the WHL completed its 25th season, Hornung was continuing with his education, taking courses at the University of Regina. Despite the bus accident, Swift Current made the playoffs in its first season. But there wouldn't be a Cinderella story as the Broncos dropped a best-of-five series to Prince Albert, 3-1. April was highlighted by three coaching changes — Esdale's contract wasn't renewed by Spokane, Kvisle resigned in Moose Jaw and McLean stepped aside in New Westminster. And Medicine Hat won the WHL championship. The Tigers faced elimination twice in each of their last two series, and dumped visiting Portland 7-2 in the seventh game of the championship final. The Tigers would win their first of two consecutive Memorial Cup championships, the first under Maxwell, the second under Barry Melrose. Both came with Russ Farwell as general manager. John Van Horlick took over as coach in New Westminster for 1987-88, with Butch Goring the coach in Spokane. Jim Harrison was the new head coach in Moose Jaw, with Ed Staniowski his assistant. Harrison and Roy, the GM, were friends from their days in Estevan, while Staniowski was a former all-star goaltender with Regina. And the WHL was returning to Lethbridge. The Tier One Junior Hockey Club of Lethbridge purchased the Wranglers for about $350,000 from Brian Ekstrom. The Lethbridge franchise would be called the Hurricanes, causing Lethbridge Herald columnist Pat Sullivan to wonder if the logo would be an overturned mobile home. The sale also meant that there wouldn't be a franchise in the city in which the WHL office was located. But the office wasn't about to be moved. "It was decided that it was certainly the most central location for our league," Chynoweth said. Going into the new season, the WHL passed a rule cracking down on checking from behind. "We do use (NHL) rules and the NHL doesn't have hitting from behind instituted in its rule book," Chynoweth said, "but I predict that within two years the NHL will have the same rule." That is exactly what happened. There was change in the WHL's boardroom, too, as Portland's Brian Shaw stepped down as chairman of the board and was replaced by Saskatoon's Rick Brodsky. On June 5, Swift Current celebrated its first birthday by revealing the franchise was no longer in debt. Rittinger said: "We bought the franchise and we borrowed money to buy the franchise. So we took the season-ticket money to pay the bank loan off. The bank loan is paid off. We don't owe the bank anything. And that's incredible because we just got the franchise last year." Maxwell left Medicine Hat, joining the Los Angeles Kings as an assistant coach. Lethbridge named Glen Hawker as its first GM/head coach. Before the season started, Lethbridge reorganized, with Wayne Simpson taking over as GM. On July 6, Hornung, in his first interview since being injured, told the Regina Leader-Post: "You have to accept it. Life goes on and you do the best with what you have. At first, it was a time of change, shock really, but right now, it's actually gotten easier because you get used to the adjustments. Like everybody else, I have my good days and bad days. But I don't have many bad days." Separate pregame warmups came to the WHL on Sept. 28. With Seattle off to a 2-15-0 start, owner Earl Hale told Ferguson, the GM, to take a leave of absence. On Nov. 16, Ferguson was fired. A couple of weeks later, Hawker

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was fired in Lethbridge, where Blaine Galbraith took over. And on Dec. 8, Moose Jaw fired Harrison and hired Gerry James, the only person to have played in a Grey Cup game and Stanley Cup final in the same season. On Feb. 2, Saskatoon beat Regina 7-2 before 3,308 fans in the final game at the Saskatoon Arena. Regina coach Doug Sauter, for one, was glad to see the end of the old barn: "I get screwed every time I come in here and I haven't been kissed yet." One week later, on Feb. 9, Saskatoon beat Brandon 4-3 in front of 9,343 fans at Saskatchewan Place. Chynoweth announced prior to the game that the 1989 Memorial Cup would be played in Saskatoon. On March 11, amidst rumours that the Warriors were on the verge of major financial problems, it was announced that Roy's contract wouldn't be renewed. WHL attendance figures compiled by the Regina Leader-Post showed that Swift Current drew 82,080 fans to 36 home games, which was 99 per cent of capacity. Portland led in total attendance — 200,911. The league drew 1,405,874 fans, an increase of almost 80,000 over the previous season. For the first time in league history, the scoring race ended in a dead heat. Two centres — Fleury and Swift Current's Joe Sakic — finished the regular season with 160 points. Sakic had 78 goals, Fleury 68. But there was nothing in the WHL bylaws to deal with the situation so the scoring race was ruled a tie. JOE CELENTANO The rumours were true — there were financial problems in Moose Jaw. The Warriors began sorting things out by separating the hockey side of things from the business side. With an accumulated debt of $234,000, Joe Celentano, a former referee with basketball's Harlem Globetrotters, was hired as business manager. On April 17, Medicine Hat beat visiting Saskatoon 3-0 to win its third straight East Division title. The only other team to win three consecutive East titles was the Flin Flon Bombers, beginning in 1968-69. On May 3, the Tigers beat visiting Kamloops 5-2 to win their second straight WHL title, this one in six games. The very next day, Bob Vranckaert, who was in the construction business in Alaska, said he would like to put an expansion franchise in Anchorage in time for the 1990-91 season. Born in Drumheller, Alta., and raised in Burnaby, B.C., Vranckaert spent more than 20 years in general commercial construction 800 miles north of Anchorage. The WHL said it would play two exhibition and four regular-season games in Anchorage and use that, plus the 1989 world junior championship, which was to be held in Anchorage, as a barometer. On May 8, the Pats announced that Sauter's contract wouldn't be renewed. A week later, Sauter's old team, the Tigers, beat the Windsor Spitfires 7-6 in Chicoutimi to become the sixth team in the 70-year history of the Memorial Cup to win back-to-back championships. The board in Moose Jaw put H.J. (Toby) Tobias in charge and then resigned en masse. Tobias was empowered to chair a committee whose immediate responsibility was to carry on a fund-raising campaign aimed at erasing the club's debt. The immediate goal was to raise $150,000. Tobias said he would look into the team's accounting procedures, recommend constitutional changes and appoint an auditor to present a year-end statement at the club's annual meeting. "To me it's a four-stage project," Tobias said. "Stage 1: Solve the immediate debt crisis and give us some breathing room. Step 2: Have a look at the front office and see if there are some things we can tighten up. Stage 3:

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Come up with a budget we can live with in years to come. Stage 4: Make sure fund-raising becomes a year-round effort." In mid-May, Pezzin resigned as coach in Brandon. He would be replaced by Sauter, who was reunited with Shinske. The two were old friends, going back to the Estevan and New Westminster Bruins. Sobchuk replaced Sauter in Regina. Celentano resigned in Moose Jaw, saying: "By my staying I become just another liability, one of those accounts payable that they have to make every day, and they don't have the money." On May 31, Tobias announced that the Warriors had reached their goal of $151,800. That figure covered debts accrued up until March 31. Tobias said: "The phoenix has risen from the ashes. The financial health of the club remains fragile . . . but it's business as usual from here on in." Indications were that New Westminster owner Ron Dixon would move the franchise to the Tri-Cities area of Washington State. He just happened to be building an arena, the Tri-Cities Coliseum, there. TIM SPELTZ In July, Farwell and Melrose resigned in Medicine Hat. Shortly after, they signed in Seattle. Wes Phillips was named GM in Medicine Hat and hired Ron Kennedy, a former Estevan player, as coach. Before the season started, Phillips quit, citing business and family pressures, and Tim Speltz replaced him. Peter Anholt was named head coach in Prince Albert, where Wilson quit to join the L.A. Kings as an assistant coach. Brad Tippett was the GM in Prince Albert. The WHL arrived in Anchorage on the weekend of Sept. 24 and 25, 1988. Kamloops and Portland played two exhibition games in Anchorage, drawing 2,100 to the first game and 1,750 the next night. A shakeup occurred in Spokane. It started on Oct. 14 when Spokane GM Bob Strumm acquired six players while giving up four others in trades that involved three other teams. The Chiefs were 1-4-0 and had given up 33 goals in those five games. Twelve days later, with the Chiefs 2-9-0, Strumm relieved Goring of his duties. Strumm, with a three-year contract extension that would take him through the 1991-92 season, went behind the bench, went 2-4-0 and immediately installed Gary Braun as coach. On Nov. 11, Moose Jaw dumped Gerry James and installed Kvisle as head coach/director of hockey operations. Three days later, Regina shook up things. Sobchuk moved from coach to GM, with Bernie Lynch moving up from assistant coach to head coach. It was announced on Nov. 17 that Vranckaert had purchased the Victoria Cougars from Fraser McColl. Ownership actually had changed hands 10 days after the end of the season. "Bob has been after me for a long time," McColl said. "He wants to get into the business with a passion. And, perhaps, that's the type of enthusiasm this team needs right now." On Nov. 20, the Tri-City Americans, having played their first 17 games on the road because the Coliseum wasn't ready, opened at home with a 4-3 overtime victory over Seattle in front of a sellout crowd of 6,004. Swift Current started the season with 12 straight victories, and went into the Christmas break at 28-5-0 and on a 10-game winning streak. Referring to the bus accident of two years previous, James said: "I think the bus accident galvanized the spirit of the community. I think that was a catalyst. Since then we've had to provide a product that's been worthy of fans coming, but I think that incident certainly rallied the community." Added centre Tim Tisdale: "That's all anybody in town talks about. It's hard to believe. You go downtown and you're eating in a restaurant and everybody at the next table is talking about the Broncos. It definitely helps your hockey." There was big news out of Calgary on Jan.

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3, 1989, when Petr Nedved, a centre with a midget team from Litvinov, Czechoslovakia, defected after a midget tournament. His WHL rights belonged to Moose Jaw, but the Warriors would deal them to Seattle. The season wasn't over when Spokane owner Vic Fitzgerald said that Braun wouldn't be returning. On March 14, Chynoweth revealed that the WHL "had an inquiry from Terry Simpson about putting a team in Red Deer. They would have to get a new building." A conditional franchise was sold to Simpson on Aug. 12, 1991. The Rebels would begin play in the fall of 1992. Attendance figures compiled by The Regina Leader-Post showed that attendance was up 232,951 over 1987-88. Most of that was attributable to the first-year Americans who attracted 203,532 fans, which was 156,149 more than they drew the previous season in New Westminster. There was a change in Seattle on April 11 when Medicine Hat businessman Bill Yuill bought the Thunderbirds from Earl Hale of Calgary. The usual spate of front-office changes began in earnest with the news that: 1. Galbraith would not be back in Lethbridge; 2. Al Patterson, who quit in Victoria after the season ended, had signed as Tri-City's GM; 3. Ron Byrne had signed as the GM in Victoria; 4. Sobchuk had resigned as GM in Regina; 5. Shinske had resigned in Brandon; and, 6. Tippett had quit in P.A. Swift Current won 4-1 in Portland on April 30 to sweep the Winter Hawks in the championship final. The Broncos became the first team to sweep its way to the WHL championship — they also got past Moose Jaw and Saskatoon in four games each. The Broncos, just a season and a half after having four players killed in a bus accident, went 55-16-1, the best record in the CHL. "This is a great accomplishment for our franchise," James said. "But I don't want the Memorial Cup to decide if we had a great year." Tisdale added: "We have the team to do it this year. If we can't get up for four games, we don't belong there. I'll be disappointed if we don't win the Memorial Cup." On May 14, Tisdale's goal at 3:25 of the first sudden-death overtime period gave the Broncos a 4-3 victory over Saskatoon in the final game of the Memorial Cup. The game was played in front of 9.078 fans in Saskatchewan Place and brought to an end the most successful Memorial Cup tournament ever played. Shortly after the Memorial Cup, the changes continued: 1. Lynch found out his contract in Regina wouldn't be renewed; 2. Rick Kozuback signed a two-year contract as coach with Tri-City; 3. Simpson returned to Prince Albert as GM/head coach; 4. Bill Hicke was named GM in Regina; 5. Tippett signed as Regina's head coach; 5. Maxwell returned from L.A. to sign as co-coach and director of hockey operations in Spokane; 6. Braun was Spokane's co-coach and assistant director of hockey operations; 7. Melrose left Seattle to become head coach of the AHL's Adirondack Red Wings; 8. Marcel Comeau signed a two-year deal in Saskatoon but shortly after resigned to become head coach of the AHL's New Haven Nighthawks; 9. Anholt quit in P.A. to join Seattle as head coach; 10. Rob Daum signed as assistant coach/assistant manager in P.A.; and, 11. Terry Ruskowski signed to coach the Blades. On June 14, 1989, Moose Jaw, so close to financial ruin just one year earlier, revealed at its annual meeting that there was a paper profit of $119,722 and that the Warriors had about $40,000 in the bank. At its

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annual meeting, the WHL had two major announcements. It had decided for the first time to use full-time referees. "We're hoping it leads to more consistent, professional refereeing," Regina governor Ted Knight said. By the time all was said and done, the WHL had hired eight full-time and four part-time referees. The WHL also said it would no longer allow teams to list 13-year-old players. From that point on, 14-year-olds would count for two spots on a list, players 15 and older for one. Seattle set a single-game attendance record on Oct. 7 when 12,173 fans showed up to watch the Thunderbirds edge Portland, 4-3. "We could have sold 2,000 more tickets," Seth Landau, the club's director of marketing and public relations, said. "We were sold out the day before the game." The previous attendance record belonged to Portland, which had attracted capacity crowds of 10,437 to Memorial Coliseum on numerous occasions. The first coaching change came on Oct. 15 when Naka resigned in Victoria. Lyle Moffat replaced him. On Nov. 1, Ken Hitchcock, 36 years of age and in the neighbourhood of 400 pounds, went public with the news that he was going on a serious diet. "There comes a time in life when it becomes a case of now or never," said the popular coach of the Kamloops Blazers. "I look down the road four or five years from now, what do I want to be doing? If that's what I have to do to move up the ladder, that's what I have to do." Victoria made another coaching change on Nov. 13 with Garry Cunningham becoming the Cougars' third coach of the season. Moffat stayed on as marketing director. A lawsuit launched by Hornung was settled out of court in November. Thirteen defendants, including the WHL, were named in the suit launched in July of 1987. Details of the settlement weren't made public. At a WHL board of governors' meeting on Nov. 20, the chair switched bodies again. It was a case of deja vu, with Shaw taking over from Brodsky. KELLY McCRIMMON (Photo: Brandon Wheat Kings) On Dec. 17, Sauter was diagnosed with Guillain-Barre Syndrome, a disorder that strikes at the central nervous system. He would not return to coaching until late in the 1990-91 season when he finished the winter with the SJHL's Estevan Bruins. Brandon GM Kelly McCrimmon moved in behind Brandon's bench. There was a player revolt in Tri-City when Dixon named Bill LaForge director of player personnel. LaForge said he had a five-year contract. On Dec. 31, with Portland scheduled to play in Tri-City, the Americans players refused. A statement signed by 19 players read in part: "We will definitely not participate in any further games without the termination of Mr. Bill LaForge from the Americans organization." The players ended their holdout the next day, winning 8-4 in Portland. Dixon had contacted players earlier in the day and said LaForge would no longer have any contact with them. Defenceman Colin Ruck later explained the Tri-City deal: "He came into the dressing room screaming and cutting guys down. To get to us, he said we had to call him Coach. He had (coach) Rick Kozuback picking up pucks during practice. That really upset us. Bill came out and ran a really brutal practice. We felt we had to do something." Byrne was gone as Victoria's GM before January ended, while Cunningham was out as coach on Feb. 5. Moffat went back behind the bench. The Cougars would set a CHL record, losing 29 in a row. On Feb. 7, Seattle centre Glen Goodall had an assist in a 5-3 victory over visiting Tri-City to break the WHL record for most points in a career. That lifted his point total to 530, one more than Craig Endean, who had played with Seattle and Regina. Two nights later, Seattle broke the

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WHL single-game attendance record as 12,253 fans watched a 5-3 victory over Spokane. Figures compiled by the Regina Leader-Post showed that attendance totalled 1,678,651, up about 40,000 over the previous season. Tri-City, which sold out every home game, led the way with total attendance of 216,360. Saskatoon, in its first full season in Saskatchewan Place, played in front of 209,542 fans. Seattle, which finished with its best-ever record (52-17-3; the best previous was 32-28-12 in 1977-78), drew 181,211 fans, up 66,189 from a year previous. On March 28, Chynoweth admitted that two groups had applied for an expansion franchise for Tacoma, Wash. The Spokane franchise changed hands on April 10, with Fitzgerald selling to the Brett brothers — Bobby, George and Ken — for more than $600,000. Bob Brett wouldn't say what they paid, other than to say it was "too much." The postseason changes started in April when Speltz and Kennedy learned that Medicine Hat wouldn't renew their contracts, and Rick Hopper was named head coach/director of hockey operations in Victoria. Jack Shupe, the Tigers' first GM/head coach in 1970-71, was the new GM in Medicine Hat. He hired Tim Bothwell as coach. On April 29, Kamloops scored a 6-5 overtime victory in Lethbridge to win the WHL final in five games. Kamloops lost the opener and then won four straight. The Blazers struck out at the Memorial Cup, though, as the Oshawa Generals, with Eric Lindros, won it all in Hamilton. There was much expansion talk in the WHL, resulting in this comment from Brodsky: "It's sort of like being in love. If you have to ask yourself whether you're in love, you're probably not. If we're wondering why we should expand, then maybe we're forcing the issue a bit. If expansion is right, we'll know it." DENNIS BEYAK Farwell left Seattle to become GM of the NHL's Philadelphia Flyers. Anholt added the GM's nameplate to his door, and hired assistant GM Dennis Beyak from Saskatoon. Beyak had been in Saskatoon since 1981 and was the person deemed most responsible for the success of the 1989 Memorial Cup in Saskatoon. Simpson left Prince Albert again, this time to become an assistant coach with the Winnipeg Jets. Daum was promoted to replace him. There were shockwaves in Kamloops when Hitchcock resigned after six seasons with the Blazers. He signed as an assistant coach with Philadelphia. Tom Renney replaced Hitchcock, who left with a 291-125-15 regular-season record over six seasons, his .693 winning percentage the highest of any coach in WHL history. Leaving wasn't easy for Hitchcock, who said: "I got cold feet a couple of times. I almost went into (GM) Bob Brown's office and said, 'Call the whole thing off, I don't want to go.' " On Sept. 30, Chynoweth chatted about expansion: "There are what I like to call tire-kickers in Boise, Idaho; Eugene, Oregon; and, Tacoma, Washington. The WHL is in good shape and we're aggressive to expand by one, possibly two teams in the West Division sometime soon. We are coming off our second record-setting attendance season. We're also proud of the fact that this is the third year in a row we aren't opening a new site. Believe it or not, but we're stable." Bruce Hamilton, a former player and scout with the Blades, headed a group of Saskatoon and Tacoma investors who were eventually granted a franchise for Tacoma to start with the 1991-92 season. On Oct. 30, with the 1990-91 season one month old, one night

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before Halloween, James went wild in Swift Current. Upset with referee Kevin Muench after the Broncos turned a 7-3 second-period lead into a 9-8 loss to visiting Medicine Hat, James went on to the ice in pursuit of Muench, then returned to the bench and threw sticks and water bottles onto the ice. James then removed his jacket, tie, shirt and one shoe and threw them onto the ice before his players escorted him to the dressing room. Bothwell summed it up: "All I can say is, 'Wow.' I don't know what words can describe what happened out there, from a lot of different aspects." James was suspended for six games and fined $2,000. "At least they didn't ask me for the shirt off my back," he said. The incident would show up on video on The Tonight Show with Johnny Carson, and the David Letterman Show among others. There was some silliness in Spokane, too. On Dec. 6, with Tri-City visiting Spokane, Maxwell and Americans assistant Gerry Johannson got into it after first period. Here's Maxwell: "He was waiting for me. He was yapping at me. He challenged me and I accepted the challenge." Maxwell was said to have out-punched his opponent, 4-0. Here's Johansson: "He throws punches like marshmallows." Maxwell was suspended for three games and fined $500. Johansson got hit for $1,000 and four games. Remember that $1 parking fee in Regina? Well, on Dec. 17, Regina Exhibition Park announced it was doubling it to $2. "I don't think our fans will take very kindly to it if it does happen," said co-owner/GM Bill Hicke. "If that's the case it'll drive another nail in the coffin." The Pats' lease would expire after the 1990-91 season and Hicke had already made at least one trip into the Pacific Northwest to scout buildings. A change in Prince Albert had Dale Engel move in as GM, with Rob Daum giving up that title but staying on as coach. It was no surprise when Daum left P.A. for Swift Current at season's end. On Feb. 4, Saskatoon fired head coach Terry Ruskowski, replacing him with former Blades defenceman Bob Hoffmeyer. On March 17, Seattle was awarded the 1992 Memorial Cup. The Leader-Post's attendance figures showed that Tri-City, with 36 sellouts, again topped the WHL with 216,360 fans. Seattle was next at 215,248, up 34,037 from the season previous. But overall attendance was down 22,861 to 1,655,790. LORNE FREY On April 17, Marcel Comeau was named the first head coach of the Tacoma Rockets. Hamilton would be the GM, with Lorne Frey, most recently with Swift Current, as director of player personnel. Spokane scored a 7-2 victory over home-town Lethbridge to sweep the WHL final. The Chiefs would go on to win the Memorial Cup, with goaltender Trevor Kidd and right-winger Pat Falloon wrapping up dream seasons. Both played for the Canadian junior team that won the gold medal in Saskatoon. One thing more than any other summed up the WHL as it headed into its second 25 years. When the 1991-92 season opened, the league not only had the same 14 teams for the fourth consecutive season, but it had welcomed the Tacoma Rockets to the fold. Author greggdrinnanPosted on November 28, 2020 Tags Al Patterson, Barry Melrose, Barry Trapp, Bernie Lynch, Bill Hicke, Bill LaForge, Bill Shinske, Bill Yuill, Blaine Galbraith, Bob Brown, Bob Cornell, Bob Hoffmeyer, Bob Strumm, Bob Vranckaert, Bobby Brett, Brad Hornung, Brad Tippett, Brandon Wheat Kings, Brent Ruff, Brian Ekstrom, Brian Shaw, Bruce Hamilton,

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Bryan Maxwell, Butch Goring, Calgary Wranglers, Chris Mantyka, Colin Ruck, Craig Endean, Dale Engel, Dan McDonald, Dave Laing, Dennis Beyak, Dennis Sobchuk, Doug Sauter, Dr. Chris Ekong, Earl Hale, Ed Brost, Ed Chynoweth, Ed Staniwoski, Ernie McLean, Fraser McColl, Garry Cunningham, Gary Bollinger, Gary Braun, George Brett, Gerry James, Gerry Johansson, Glen Goodall, Glen Hawker, Graham James, Greg Kvisle, Gregg Drinnan, Harvey Roy, Jack Shupe, Jim Dobson, Jim Harrison, Joe Celentano, John Chapman, John Olver, John Rittinger, John Van Horlick, Kamloops Blazers, Kelly McCrimmon, Ken Brett, Ken Hitchcock, Ken Hodge, Kevin Clemens, Kevin Ekdahl, Kevin Muench, Lethbridge Hurricanes, Lorne Frey, Lyle Moffat, Marc Pezzin, Marcel Comeau, Medicine Hat Tigers, Moose Jaw Warriors, New Westminster Bruins, Pat Falloon, Pat Sullivan, Peter Anholt, Petr Nedved, Portland Winter Hawks, Prince Albert Raiders, Regina Pats, Richard Doerksen, Rick Brodsky, Rick Hopper, Rick Kozuback, Rick Wilson, Rob Daum, Ron Byrne, Ron Dixon, Ron Kennedy, Russ Farwell, Saskatoon Blades, Scott Kruger, Seattle Thunderbirds, Seth Landau, Sheldon Ferguson, Spokane Chiefs, Stan Szumlak, Stuart Craig, Swift Current Broncos, Tacoma Rockets, Ted Knight, Terry Ruskowski, Terry Simpson, Theoren Fleury, Tim Bothwell, Tim Speltz, Tim Tisdale, Toby Tobias, Tom Renney, Trent Kresse, Trevor Kidd, Tri-City Americans, Vic Fitzgerald, Vic Mah, Victoria Cougars, Wally Kozak, Wayne Simpson, Wes Phillips, WHL, WHL historyLeave a comment on The WHL, Part 5: There was tragedy, lots of movement and marshmallow punches . . . The WHL, Part 3: Bruins' dynasty ends, franchises on the move and more mayhem . . . At some point in the late 1990s, while I was the sports editor at the Regina Leader-Post, I put together a brief history of the Western Hockey League. I had pretty much forgotten about it until recently when I was asked if I might post it again. So I am doing just that. . . . As you read each piece, please remember that I wrote them more than 20 years ago and they cover only the league's first 25 years. It isn't an all-encompassing history, but hits on some of the highlights and a few lowlights. . . . The stories are pretty much as originally written. . . . Here is Part 3. . . . The mid-1970s belonged to the Ernie McLean-coached New Westminster Bruins. They were the Western Canada Hockey League's most-dominant team. If you didn't believe that, well, they would convince you of it. And they'd do that any way they felt like it. The legendary Ernie McLean. (Photo: The Coaches Site) The Bruins ran their string of WCHL titles to four, and won the Memorial Cup the last two seasons, in 1976-77 and 1977-78. But by the time the 1980-81 season ended, the bloom was off the rose in New Westminster. Little did anyone know that it never would return. Prior to the start of the 1976-77 season, the WCHL instituted a rule calling for an automatic game misconduct to any player who initiated a fight. Ironically, the first player stung was Brandon Wheat Kings starry centre Bill Derlago. He got the heave-ho after starting a scrap with Brian Schnitzler of the Saskatoon Blades in a season-opening 3-0 Brandon victory. Two coaches felt WCHL president Ed Chynoweth's wrath on Nov. 2. Ivan Prediger of the Kamloops

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Chiefs was suspended for 20 games, while Ken Hodge of the Portland Winter Hawks got 10 games. Prediger apparently struck Hodge during an altercation between the benches on Oct. 24. There was joy in Regina on Jan. 27 when the Pats scored a 3-2 victory over visiting Portland. It ended a 36- game Regina winless streak that covered 96 days. "I hope the players don't become satisfied with the win," said Lorne Davis, who had taken over as GM/head coach from Del Wilson and Bob Turner with the Pats at 2-32-5. A nine-hour meeting in Calgary resulted in a new playoff format. Under the original format, the Flin Flon Bombers, third in the East, were 20 points ahead of Regina and all but had a playoff spot locked up. Suddenly, there was a new format and the Bombers were fighting for a spot. Oh yes, they were also on a 15-game West Coast road trip. "In this league, you need two pieces of equipment," said Flin Flon boss Mickey Keating. "You need a face-guard when you play some of the teams on the ice and a back protector for the committee room. I had inklings that there may be changes in the playoffs but I had confidence there were intelligent hockey men in this league. I was shown different." In Portland, the Winter Hawks were beginning to carve out a niche, which resulted in this March 1 comment from GM Brian Shaw: "We're selling the all-American boy image. Our players are all properly dressed in public. They all have respectable hair lengths. We feel image is important. Our players have become our outstanding selling point, and they have actually played much better because of the great acceptance which now is blossoming in Portland." In mid-April, Kamloops majority owner Ephram Steinke admitted the franchise would likely move to Spokane over the summer. The reasons? Steinke blamed almost $500,000 in losses over four years, and the city's refusal to construct a new arena. The often-emotional Bob Strumm. (Photo: Regina Leader-Post) On May 12, the Calgary Centennials signed Bob Strumm as general manager. One of Strumm's first moves was to confirm that a move to Billings was being contemplated. Strumm, who had been Chynoweth's executive assistant, was, at 29, the WCHL's youngest GM. He would be one of the league's most-prominent figures through the mid-1980s. The Calgary move became official on May 19. Eleven days later, Kamloops moved to Seattle and became the Breakers under new owner John Hamilton. On July 19, at the annual meeting in Calgary, the transfer of the Winnipeg Monarchs to Calgary was approved. Del Wilson, president and governor of the Pats, was named chairman of the board, replacing Bill Burton. When Winnipeg moved to Calgary and became the Wranglers, owner Gerry Brisson named Doug Barkley as GM. The coach? It was Brisson. Would the GM be able to fire the owner/coach. The 1977-78 regular season hadn't even started when McLean was in trouble. It stemmed from an exhibition game against the host Victoria Cougars when midway in the second period he ventured into the stands to tangle with a fan who was taunting him. For his troubles, McLean got a gash on his forehead and, later, a $250 fine. This would serve as an omen. A fierce rivalry was building between Regina and the Brandon Wheat Kings. After one early-season game, Davis had this to say: "If (Dave) Semenko would have been close enough to the box I would have swung at him . . . he came over by our bench trying to intimidate us." To which Brandon coach Dunc McCallum responded: "How can a 220-pound man be held back by a stick boy?" A few days later, Semenko joined the WHA's Edmonton Oilers. A couple of years later, Davis joined the Oilers as a scout. BILL DERLAGO Derlag

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o, perhaps the best pure offensive talent this league has seen, had a 40-game point streak end on Nov. 9 when he left a game with a thigh injury during his first shift. One month later, he blew out a knee in an exhibition game against the Moscow Selects. Had Derlago not been hurt, who knows what kind of numbers he would have put up? When he was injured, he had 48 goals and 80 points in 26 games. He was on pace for 133 goals, three more than the then-CMJHL record of 130 held by Guy Lafleur. On Feb. 3, Jack McLeod resigned as coach of the Saskatoon Blades. He stayed on as GM, but put Garry Peters behind the bench. In Calgary, Barkley, the GM, took over as coach from Brisson, the owner. More bad ink, and lots of it, in early February when McLean was slapped with a 25-game suspension for allegedly hitting an official. He returned for the playoffs. "Our league has long been accused of protecting either our coaches or, more particularly, owner/coaches, but there is no way one coach or one franchise is bigger than the league," Chynoweth said. "I can live with the so-called violence on ice, as projected by the media, but when it comes to our officials, qualified or unqualified, I look at things much differently." More bad ink in the first round of the playoffs. Yes, it emerged from a round-robin series. This one featured Brandon, Flin Flon and Regina in a double home-and-home series. When it got to the final game, Flin Flon at Regina, the Pats had to beat the Bombers by at least six goals to eliminate Brandon and set up a Regina-Flin Flon division final. Regina won 10-4 and the high-powered Wheat Kings, led by the likes of Derlago, Brian Propp, Laurie Boschman and Ray Allison, were done like so much burnt toast. "For us to say anything is stupid. You saw what happened," Flin Flon defenceman Ray Markham said after the game. Ultimately, Flin Flon, New Westminster and Billings advanced to the WCHL's round-robin semi-final to eliminate one team and put the other two in the championship final. Out went Flin Flon. New Westminster then swept Billings in the final. It was the Bruins' fourth straight WCHL title and they would win their second consecutive Memorial Cup. The Bruins, a power for oh, so long, would rarely be heard from in a positive light again. On May 22, Flin Flon governor Gord Mitchell revealed that the community-owned team would cease operations. "I hate to see it go," Mitchell said. "It's certainly not the fault of the league. The league's not kicking us out. But there comes a time when something like this seems to be the most reasonable thing to do. We're a small centre and it got to the point where the league had outgrown us." A week later, Chynoweth, who had threatened to resign, announced he would remain as president, thanks to a promise from the governors that an executive assistant would be provided to help with such things as discipline. Wilson, the part-owner of the Pats, filled the bill as vice-president and referee-in-chief. Shaw replaced Wilson as chairman of the board. On June 1, Gregg Pilling was named GM/coach in Regina, replacing Davis who, in a surprise move, was fired. Davis professed sadness, saying he had worked awfully hard and that all of that work would bear fruit in two years. Which is exactly what happened — two years later the Pats were in the Memorial Cup. But Pilling was gone by that point. It was during the summer of 1978 when Chynoweth began talking of an education program. On July 4, he announced a program whereby teams would provide a year's tuition and books at a recognized post-secondary institution for every season a player was in the league. On Aug. 16, Chynoweth announced an Edmonton group headed by Bill Hunter had purchased the Flin Flon franchise from the league. Hunter would be president and governor, Vic Mah would be first vice-president. The 19

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78-79 season began with news of a name change and ended with a new champion for the first time since the spring of '74. With three of 12 teams situated in the U.S., the WCHL was no more. Now it was the Western Hockey League. GREGG PILLING The goofiness started on Oct. 22 when Pilling went into the penalty box at the start of the third period of a game in Calgary. He said he would serve a bench minor handed him for delay of game at the end of the second period in what would be an 8-1 loss. Pilling also alternated goaltenders Jeff Lastiwka and Gregg Dumba every shift change after a brawl at 2:52 of the second. Changing goalies ended 30 seconds into the third period when, with the faceoff outside Regina's blueline, Dumba lined up behind his net. He was given a gross misconduct. Chynoweth, who fined Pilling $1,000, said: "I thought it was a circus. I wouldn't blame anybody if they didn't go back." This was to be the season of McCallum's Wheat Kings. That much was evident when Brandon ran its two-season unbeaten streak to a WHL-record 49 games and its single-season streak to 29 games. Brandon finally lost, going down 9-4 in Edmonton on Dec. 13 with the Oil Kings scoring all nine goals with the man advantage. There was more news from Brandon on Jan. 11 when GM Jack Brockest, one of the WHL's most likeable people, bought the team. If any team could match Brandon it was Portland. The Winter Hawks had a 19-game unbeaten streak ended when visiting Brandon won 7-4 to go to 42-3-7. In mid-March, rumours had the Edmonton franchise, which was averaging about 500 fans a game, moving to Great Falls, Montana, or Red Deer. Things got ugly on March 22 in New Westminster when an incident involving the Bruins and Portland resulted in McLean's being suspended indefinitely and seven of his players being charged by police. A game-ending brawl broke out, but this one was different because, while the Bruins left their bench, Hodge managed to keep his players under control. On March 27, Wilson said McLean would not be allowed to coach during the playoffs, nor would he be allowed to communicate with the bench from the press box as he had done during previous suspensions. McLean apologized for the brawl at a Vancouver press conference: "I have to take the full load, the full responsibility for what happened . . . when I look at it, maybe the game has gone by me. Maybe my coaching style isn't what's needed anymore. I'm an old horse that's been at it for 25 years and it's tough to change your thinking. The game is changing — maybe I haven't changed with it." On April 4, GM Bill Shinske and McLean announced the Bruins were for sale, for $350,000. The Winter Hawks got a small measure of revenge, beating the visiting Bruins 5-3 on April 8 to eliminate them from post-season play. But this sad episode would drag on through the summer. Meanwhile, Brandon was finishing with a 58-5-9 record, setting or tying 19 records. The Oil Kings were sold on April 10, with ownership handed over to a Portland group headed by Bob Cooper and Tom Gauthier, who said they would move the franchise to Great Falls. "I guess sports is not my bowl of rice," said Mah, an Edmonton restauranteur. It was Mah's second go-round as an owner in Edmonton, and he wouldn't give up. He would try and try again and again to get another franchise for the Alberta capital. On April 20, charges of common assault were filed against seven Bruins — J.P. Kelly, Terry Kirkham, Bruce Howes, Rick Amann, Boris Fistric, Rob Roflik and Bill Hobbins. In August, the seven pleaded guilty. Judge James Shaw — no relation to the Portland general manager —

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CommonCrawl

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granted conditional discharges to all seven, then banned them from league games at any level until Dec. 1. McLean said Shaw was "trying to be the judge who is going to clean up hockey. I'm worried about the affect on the game because the judge's ruling makes a hip-check a criminal offence." Portland and Brandon ended up in the final, with Brandon winning in six games. And, on May 28, Chynoweth resigned, effective June 30. This time he would leave, becoming part-owner of the Wranglers. "It's more than 25 per cent and less than 50," said majority-owner Jim Morley. In late May, Pat Ginnell, who had been with the Lethbridge Broncos, moved north to take over the Medicine Hat Tigers. Mike Sauter would replace him in Lethbridge. Dave King left as coach in Billings to become head coach at the University of Saskatchewan. The Pats were sold on June 8, with Wilson, Bill Patton, Gord Wicijowski, D.K. MacPherson, Wilf Degelman and Bob Babchuk selling to the Pinders — father Dick and sons Herb, Gerry and Tom. The price was believed to be near $300,000. Strumm was named GM, governor and part-owner. Strumm later signed Bryan Murray as head coach and one of the great turnarounds in WHL history was under way. But before that got started, Dave Descent was chosen to run the WHL. In his third season with the Canadian Amateur Wrestling Association at the time, Descent had lots of hockey experience at various levels in the OHA. "This job is an opportunity to get back into hockey, which is my chosen sport, and advance my sporting career," he said. Regina, which finished 18-47-7 (last in the East, second-worst in the league) in 1978-79, would go 47-24-1 in 1979-80 to win the division. It was obvious early that the Bruins were going to pay a steep price for the brawl against Portland. They got their first point, after 13 losses, with a 5-5 tie in Great Falls on Oct. 31. And on Nov. 16 McLean was at it again. And again it involved Portland. McLean got tangled up with a fan at a game in Portland and was charged with fourth-degree assault. In one of the most ironical situations in WHL history, McLean was in jail until Brian Shaw posted his bail of $525. Charges were later reduced to harassment and it was all cleared up when a civil compromise was signed, ending the criminal case. In mid-December, Descent's title was changed from executive director to president. And concern was being shown about Great Falls, which was 2-22-1 and hurtin' at the gate. The Americans folded on Dec. 13. On March 2, McLean threw a 30-gallon garbage can onto the ice to protest the work of referee Ken Wheler during a game against visiting Portland. The next day, Descent announced his resignation. Said Descent: "Speaking honestly, I've enjoyed my stay and feel it was a positive experience. But for personal reasons I've decided to take a different career path which is something I'm not at liberty to discuss now." Shaw said a five-man board would run the league, and that McLean would be suspended for three games for throwing the can. Oh yes, McLean was later named acting chairman of the management committee. On March 24, McLean said he was leaving the Bruins. "I've made up my mind," he said. "I've worn out my welcome. I will not be in New Westminster next year. We built a dynasty here but it's time to move on." All this after the Bruins set a WHL record with 61 losses. It was the first time in 18 seasons that McLean had missed playoffs. On April 17, Vancouver businessman Nelson Skalbania bought out McLean and Shinske for slightly more than $300,000. A week later, the WHL announced that Winnipeg would have an expansion team for

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1980-81 and that the owners were former Pats star Fran Huck, his law partner Gerald Gunn and Winnipeg businessmen Harry Buekert, Arnold DeFehr and Marsdon Fenwick. Buekert would be GM, with Huck as coach. On April 27, Regina beat visiting Victoria, 5-4, to win the WHL final, 4-1. The 1980 Memorial Cup, which would be won by the Cornwall Royals, opened in Brandon and closed in Regina. During the Memorial Cup it became apparent the major juniors were terribly concerned with NHL's practice of drafting 18-year-olds. Chynoweth said: "I understand the legal problems the NHL has, although I don't sympathize with it . . . at this rate, the pros will be scouting midgets soon." McLeod remembered the 1979 draft: "Back in June one NHL general manager said there was nothing to worry about, that only seven or eight under-ages would be taken. When they took 58, we were a little disturbed. Once they got into it, they just kept going." Junior teams were to be paid $50,000 to $65,000 for under-age players who stuck in the NHL. Some NHL people said they weren't in favour of the 18-year-old draft, either. "The general managers unanimously fought to the 11th hour to avoid drafting under-ages," said Washington GM Max McNab. "We were going to get caught in a lawsuit. But the NHL is like the government in the eyes of the public here. We're going to get shot at in any decision." On May 15, the WHL announced that the dormant Great Falls franchise would relocate to Spokane with Cooper remaining as majority owner. NELSON SKALBANIA On June 26, Skalbania, already the owner of New Westminster and the NHL's Calgary Flames, bought 50 per cent of the Wranglers. Skalbania explained: "It's a sympathetic thing. I said when we bought the Flames that we'd support junior hockey in Calgary and I can't think of a way we'd be supporting it any more than owning the team. I just hope we don't lose that much money with them." Pat Shimbashi, a minority owner in Lethbridge, bought the other 50 per cent of the Wranglers from Jim Morley and Chynoweth, which meant that the latter would return as WHL president. ROZANDA SKALBANIA (Photo: archives.newwestcity.ca) On June 27, Skalbania completed his purchase of the Bruins, buying 100 per cent for $325,000. McLean stayed as GM, while Skalbania's 20-year-old daughter, Rozanda, was named president. McLean resigned a couple of weeks later and Tracy Pratt was named GM. "I'd like to forget about the big bad Bruins of the past," Pratt said, "and I'd like to think of them as the scrappy Bruins in the future. My concern is putting families back in the building. There was a shade too much violence in past years and many people became very bitter about what happened at Queen's Park Arena." The league lost its referee-in-chief on Aug. 8 when Wilson announced he would scout for the Montreal Canadiens, a team with which he had long been associated. The 1980-81 season opened quietly enough, but the silence was shattered on Dec. 1 with a shakeup in Saskatoon. McLeod and coach Lorne Frey ended their association with the Blades. Majority owner Nate Brodsky bought McLeod's share (20 per cent) and named Daryl Lubiniecki GM and coach. Lubiniecki began shaking things up when, on Jan. 15, he traded one player — centre Rocky Trottier — to Billings for six players — Pat Rabbitt, Dave Brown, Brad Duggan, Dave Chartier, Lyndon Byers and Al Acton. Fighting was still a concern and on Dec.

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17 Chynoweth announced that teams would be fined $2,500 if their players fought before games or between periods. Players who started the fights or were main combatants would get a minimum of five games. A black cloud continued to follow the Bruins. A labour dispute forced them to play their last 29 games on the road. Their last 13 home games were played in such places as Bellingham, Wash., Kamloops, Trail, Duncan, B.C., and Coleman, Alta. The Bruins set a WHL record by losing 25 in a row and had to give season-ticket holders a refund for the 13 home games that were moved. There were rumblings out of Swift Current that the locals were interested in a WHL franchise. John Rittinger, president of the SJHL team there, was trying to raise money for the venture. "I can't give you a figure at this time," he said on April 1, "but, personally, I feel there has been insufficient support." The juniors were beginning to realize they were going to have to live with the 18-year-old draft. Said Chynoweth: "The under-age situation is a problem but also a fact of life. The law of the land says at 18 you can fight for your country, drink and get married. Consequently, they're also eligible to be drafted and play for NHL teams." The WHL had a new referee-in-chief — Richard Doerksen — and he was in the news in the playoffs after Strumm grabbed him in the press box during a game. Strumm was slapped with a two-game suspension and a $1,000 fine. Victoria, under coach Jack Shupe, would win the WHL championship in 1980-81. Trailing Calgary 3-1, the Cougars bounced back and wrapped it up on May 1, beating the visiting Wranglers, 4-2, in Game 7. Singing a song that would become popular in NHL circles in years to come, Calgary coach Doug Sauter explained: "(Goaltender Grant) Fuhr was the difference." NEXT: Part 4 of 5. Author greggdrinnanPosted on November 23, 2020 Tags Arnold DeFehr, Bill Burton, Bill Derlago, Bill Hunter, Bill Shinske, Billings Bighorns, Bob Cooper, Bob Strumm, Brandon Wheat Kings, Brian Shaw, Bryan Murray, Calgary Wranglers, Daryl Lubiniecki, Dave King, David Descent, Del Wilson, Doug Barkley, Doug Sauter, Dunc McCallum, Ed Chynoweth, Edmonton Oil Kings, Ephram Steinke, Ernie McLean, Flin Flon Bombers, Frank Huck, Garry Peters, Gerald Gunn, Gerry Brisson, Gord Mitchell, Grant Fuhr, Gregg Pilling, Harry Buekert, Ivan Prediger, Jack Brockest, Jack McLeod, Jack Shupe, Jim Morley, John Hamilton, John Rittinger, Kamloops Chiefs, Ken Hodge, Ken Wheler, Lethbridge Broncos, Lorne Davis, Lorne Frey, Marsdon Benwick, Medicine Hat Tigers, Mike Sauter, Nate Brodsky, New Westminster Bruins, Pat Ginnell, Pat Shimbashi, Portland Winter Hawks, Regina Pats, Richard Doerksen, Rozanda Skalbania, Tom Gauthier, Tracy Pratt, Vic Mah, Victoria Cougars, Winnipeg WarriorsLeave a comment on The WHL, Part 3: Bruins' dynasty ends, franchises on the move and more mayhem . . . Raiders can win WHL title tonight. . . . Giants hope to make some history. . . . Hudak wins Cranbrook by-election My old Astros teammate, Jim Gentile had 46 HR, 141 RBI and hit .303 in 1961 with the Orioles. He made $13,500 that season. pic.twitter.com/BRnXv2yMaP — John Bateman (@JohnnyBateman7) May 11, 2019 John Hudak, who was the sp

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okesperson for the Green Bay Committee that attempted to help keep the Kootenay Ice in Cranbrook, won a seat on Cranbrook's City Council in a by-election that was completed on Saturday. . . . Final preliminary results, as released by the City of Cranbrook, had Hudak with 1,115 votes (45.9 per cent of the vote), well ahead of Ron Miles, who was second at 518, and three other candidates. . . . The by-election was the result of Danielle Eaton having resigned in January. . . . A retired RCMP officer, Hudak was part of the Green Bay Committee, a group comprising mostly local businessmen who offered to sell sponsorships and season tickets in an attempt to benefit the Ice. However, the committee, which said it quickly sold $50,000 worth of sponsorships and tickets, disbanded when it realized that it wasn't going to get any co-operation from the WHL team's owners. . . . The Ice relocated to Winnipeg when its season ended. There has never been a subscription fee for this blog, but if you enjoy stopping by here, why not consider donating to the cause? Thank you very much. The Rouyn-Noranda Huskies won the QMJHL championship with a 4-0 victory over the host Halifax Mooseheads on Saturday. The Huskies won the series, 4-2. . . . Huskies G Samuel Harvey stopped 28 shots to earn the shutout. Harvey, who is in his fifth season with the Huskies, has 20 career shutouts — 15 in the regular season and five in the playoffs. He put up four of those playoff shutouts in these playoffs. . . . Both teams will appear in the Memorial Cup as the Mooseheads are the host team. . . . This is the 11th straight season in which the host team for the Memorial Cup hasn't been able to win its league championship. NOTES: The Prince Albert Raiders and Vancouver Giants arrived back in Prince Albert on Saturday afternoon and will resume the WHL final for the Ed Chynoweth Cup with Game 6 tonight (Sunday) at the Art Hauser Centre. . . . The Raiders lead the series, 3-2, and can win the second championship in franchise history — the first came in 1985 — with a victory tonight. . . . Should the Giants win tonight — and they won Game 5, 4-3, on Friday in Langley, B.C. — Game 7 would be played on Monday night in Prince Albert. . . . Following the conclusion of Game 5 in Langley on Friday, fans in Prince Albert began lining up at the Art Hauser Centre at 11 p.m., with tickets for Games 6 and 7 going on sale Saturday morning. . . . Late Friday night, the Raiders advised fans via Twitter: "Tickets for Game 7 are non-refundable. If a Game 7 isn't necessary, the tickets can be used as a voucher for any regular-season game in the 2019-20 season." . . . Now I don't know how much a ticket to Game 7 was selling for, but I have to think one of those tickets would be worth a whole lot more than one regular-season game. Wouldn't it? . . . If the Giants are to win the Ed Chynoweth Cup, they are going to have to do something that has been accomplished only once before in WHL history. . . . There have been 11 championship finals go to Game 7; the first 10 were won by the home team. The last final to need Game 7 was in 2014 when the Edmonton Oil Kings became the first team in WHL history to win Game 7 on the road. They beat the Portland Winterhawks, 4-2. . . . Here is a look at the previous WHL championship series that have been decided in Game 7 . . . 1975 — The Saskatoon Blades actually won the first two games of what was an eight-point final — in other words, no OT — beating the New Westminster Bruins twice in legendary Queen's Park Arena. The Bruins then won twice in Saskatoon, before the Blades won Game 5 at home. Back in New Westminster,

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the Bruins won, 4-1 and 7-2, to take the series, 8-6. 1976 — This also was an eight-point series featuring the Saskatoon Blades and New Westminster Bruins. The teams played to a 3-3 tie in Game 6 in New Westminster and the Bruins won Game 7, 3-1, the next night, winning the series, 9-5. 1981 — The Calgary Wranglers led the Victoria Cougars, 3-1, before the bottom fell out. The Cougars came back with 7-4 and 4-2 victories in Calgary, then won Game 7 at home, 4-2. This is the series that featured goaltenders Grant Fuhr (Victoria) and Mike Vernon (Calgary). 1984 — The Regina Pats won the middle three games at home to go ahead of the Kamloops Blazers, 3-2. The scene shifted to Kamloops where the Blazers won, 4-3 in OT and 4-2. In Game 6, the Pats were 12 seconds from winning the championship when Kamloops F Dean Evason tied the game. F Ryan Stewart later won it at 13;13 of OT. 1987 —The Medicine Hat Tigers and Portland Winterhawks played a 3-3-1 format and were all even going back to Alberta for Game 7 after the Tigers won Game 6, 4-3. Back home, the Tigers won Game 7, 6-2. 1992 — The Kamloops Blazers took a 3-1 lead over the Saskatoon Blades in a final that used a 3-3-1 format. The Blades won Games 5 and 6 (5-1 and 4-3) at home. The Blazers won it all by taking Game 7, 8-0, at home. 1993 — The Portland Winterhawks led the series, 3-2, over the Swift Current Broncos after a 3-1 victory in Game 5 in Oregon. The Broncos won Game 6, 7-5, in Portland, then went home and posted a 6-0 victory in Game 7. 1994 — For the third straight season, the WHL final went seven games, and for the second time in three seasons it featured the Kamloops Blazers and Saskatoon Blades. Using a 2-3-2 format, Kamloops won twice at home and then took Game 4 in Saskatoon for a 3-1 lead. The Blades tied it by winning 3-2 at home and 2-1 in Kamloops, but the Blazers took Game 7, 8-1, at home. 2007 — For the first time in 13 years, the WHL final went seven games. This time, it featured the Vancouver Giants and Medicine Hat Tigers. The Giants took a 3-2 series lead on the strength of three shutouts — 1-0, 4-0 and 3-0 — from G Tyson Sexsmith. But the Tigers went home for the last two games and won them both — 4-3 and 3-2 in double OT, the latter on a goal by F Brennan Bosch. 2012 — The Edmonton Oil Kings won Game 5, 4-3, at home to take a 3-2 lead over the Portland Winterhawks, who went home and won Game 6, 3-2, two nights later. The series shifted to Edmonton for Game 7 and the Oil Kings won, 4-1. 2014 — It was the Edmonton Oil Kings and Portland Winterhawks one more time. Portland won twice at home, then Edmonton did the same. The Oil Kings won Game 5, 3-2, in Portland, only to have the Winterhawks go into Edmonton and win Game 6, 6-5 in OT. The Oil Kings won the final with a 4-2 road victory in Game 7. The WHL's first season was 1966-67. The Oil Kings are the only team in the league's history to have won Game 7 of a championship series on the road. (NOTE:

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Thanks to Dean (Scooter) Vrooman, the legendary former play-by-play voice of the Winterhawks, for laying the groundwork for all of this.) Can someone explain to me why @HockeyCanada did not re-brand the National Jr Championship as the Centennial Cup Instead going with @HC_NJAC ? Tons of history and tradition with Centennial Cup and seems now would have been perfect time since @RBC pulled the pin on sponsorship. — Brent Parker (@BrentRParker) May 12, 2019 Author greggdrinnanPosted on May 11, 2019 May 11, 2019 Tags Brennan Bosch, Calgary Wranglers, Dean Evason, Dean Vrooman, Edmonton Oil Kings, Grant Fuhr, John Hudak, Kamloops Blazers, Medicine Hat Tigers, Mike Vernon, New Westminster Bruins, Portland Winterhawks, Regina Pats, Rouyn-Noranda Huskies, Ryan Stewart, Samuel Harvey, Saskatoon Blades, Swift Current Broncos, Tyson Sexsmith, Vancouver Giants, Victoria CougarsLeave a comment on Raiders can win WHL title tonight. . . . Giants hope to make some history. . . . Hudak wins Cranbrook by-election Rasmussen, Jokiharju sent to AHL . . . Hitmen open Corral series tonight . . . Hay busy learning more in Portland ✌🏼 goals for @mrasmussen16 in his first AHL game. #GoGRG pic.twitter.com/FZ1iIF073D — Grand Rapids Griffins (@griffinshockey) February 1, 2019 Two players who could be playing monster minutes in the WHL this season have found themselves playing in the AHL this week. F Michael Rasmussen, 19, played the past three seasons with the WHL's Tri-City Americans. The Detroit Red Wings selected him with the ninth pick of the NHL's 2017 draft. Rasmussen opened this season with the Red Wings and had six goals and seven assists in 41 games when he was assigned to the AHL's Grand Rapids Griffins this week on one of those conditioning assignments. The Red Wings also have him on long-term injured reserve with a hamstring issue that has kept him out since Jan. 4. Because he's 19, Rasmussen isn't eligible to stay in the AHL. The NHL-NHLPA CBA calls for him to play in the NHL or be returned to the Americans. He scored twice in his AHL debut on Thursday, as the Griffins beat the host Texas Stars, 5-3. Meanwhile, D Henri Jokiharju has been assigned by the Chicago Blackhawks to the AHL's Rockford IceHogs. He spent the previous two seasons with the WHL's Portland Winterhawks. Jokiharju, who was the 29th overall selection in the NHL's 2017 draft, had 12 assists in 37 games with the Blackhawks. In December, Chicago freed him up to play for Finland in the World Junior Championship, where he had two goals and three assists in seven games as his team won the gold medal. In his first 32 games with Chicago, Jokiharju was playing 20 minutes per game. Of late, however, he been playing fewer than 15 minutes and had been a healthy scratch three times in eight games. I haven't seen any mention of Jokiharju being on a conditioning assignment, so I have a feeling that he is there until further notice. Remember late in the summer of 2018 when there was discussion about whether he would have to play for Chicago or be returned to Portland? There was some chatter then that he had been on loan to the Winterhawks from his club team in Finland, so might not be covered by the same CBA clause as someone like Rasmussen. Perhaps that's what's going on here. The Calgary Hitmen and visiting Brandon Wheat Kings will open the three-game Corral Series tonight. Before it's over, the Hitmen will have played three games in the Calgary Corral and honoured

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Incidence of bleeds in surgery studies Incidence of bleeds in bovine thrombin surgery studies Risk of bleeding in surgical patients treated with topical bovine thrombin sealants: a review of the literature Matthew W Reynolds1Email author, John Clark2, Sheila Crean1 and Srinath Samudrala3 Patient Safety in Surgery20082:5 © Reynolds et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. 2008 Accepted: 18 March 2008 One of the most anticipated, but potentially serious complications during or after surgery are bleeding events. Among the many potential factors associated with bleeding complications in surgery, the use of bovine thrombin has been anecdotally identified as a possible cause of increased bleeding risk. Most of these reports of bleeding events in association with the use of topical bovine thrombin have been limited to case reports lacking clear cause and effect relationship determination. Recent studies have failed to establish significant differences in the rates of bleeding events between those treated with bovine thrombin and those treated with either human or recombinant thrombin. We conducted a search of MEDLINE for the most recent past 10 years (1997–2007) and identified all published studies that reported a study of surgical patients with a clear objective to examine the risk of bleeding events in surgical patients. We also specifically noted the reporting of any topical bovine thrombin used during surgical procedures. We aimed to examine whether there were any differences in the risk of bleeds in general surgical populations as compared to those studies that reported exposure to topical bovine thrombin. We identified 21 clinical studies that addressed the risk of bleeding in surgery. Of these, 5 studies analyzed the use of bovine thrombin sealants in surgical patients. There were no standardized definitions for bleeding events employed across these studies. The rates of bleeds in the general surgery studies ranged from 0.1%–20.2%, with most studies reporting rates between 2.6%–4%. The rates of bleeding events ranged from 0.0%–13% in the bovine thrombin studies with most studies reporting between a 2%–3% rate. The risk of bleeds was not clearly different in those studies reporting use of bovine thrombin in all patients compared to the other surgical populations studied. A well-designed and well-controlled study is needed to accurately examine the bleeding risks in surgical patients treated and unexposed to topical bovine thrombin, and to evaluate the independent risk associated with topical bovine thrombin as well as other risk factors. Thrombin Major Bleed Bleeding Event Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Patient It is well accepted that there are both risks and tremendous health benefits associated with surgical procedures of all types. Surgical risks vary in severity and type and are driven by a complex mix of factors including surgical factors (e.g., type of surgery), surgeon characteristics (e.g., experience with conduction specific procedures), patient factors (age, gender, prior history of surgery, prior history of adverse events, comorbidities, etc.), other treatment factors (e.g., use of anticoagulants), and random chance. One of the most anticipated, but potentially serious complications in surgery is the risk of bleeding events. Among the many potential causes of bleeding complications in surgery, the use of bovine thrombin has been anecdotally identified as a possible cause of increased bleeding risk. Most of these reports of bleeding events in association with the use of topical bovine thrombin are case reports and small case series from which no clear cause and effect relationship could be established [1–16]. A more recent study failed to establish any significant differences in the rates of bleeding events between those treated with bovine thrombin and those treated with either human or recombinant thrombin [17]. Bovine thrombin has been used as a commercial hemostat for more than 60 years, and whether used alone or in combination with other clotting agents, it effectively helps to control surface bleeding in a variety of cardiovascular, vascular, neurological, orthopedic, transplant, and gynecologic surgeries [5, 1

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8, 19]. Although bovine thrombin is often used as a hemostat in surgical procedures, only a few published studies have quantified the safety and efficacy of bovine thrombin in surgery. It is well documented in recent years that human exposure to bovine thrombin preparations has been associated with an allogentic anti-bovine response, as well as cross reactivity to human coagulation factors. High titers of antibodies directed against bovine clotting factors seem well documented as an immediate and common consequence of surgery and as a lifetime risk for those patients who receive multiple exposures of exogenous factors [9, 20]. However, the clinical significance of this immunization on resulting adverse events is not clear or well documented. The adverse events of most interest, theoretically and clinically in surgery and treatment with bovine thrombin, are major bleeding events. If the antibody development associated with bovine thrombin exposure were to have an impact on the incidence of any adverse events, the most likely outcome would be the risk of major bleeds. Because the expected or background risk of bleeding events in surgery is not well documented, especially for surgery during which bovine thrombin is utilized, this literature review intends to examine and report the incidence of major bleeding events in published studies of surgery, as well as those specifically reporting bovine thrombin exposure and to determine whether the rates are notably different. We conducted a literature search of MEDLINE (via PubMed) for English language studies published within the past 10 years (1997–2007). We conducted our search of MEDLINE using a combination of text terms and Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) terms focused on surgery and bleeding events. We reviewed all the abstracts and retrieved all papers that met our eligibility criteria. We included all published studies that reported a study of surgical patients with a clear primary or secondary objective to examine and/or quantify the risk of bleeding events in that surgical population. For review articles that addressed this issue, we examined the references, retrieved all potentially eligible articles, and reviewed those as well. Study inclusion and exclusion criteria are detailed below: Exclusion criteria Letters, editorials, news, case-reports, commentaries, and reviews Animal or in vitro studies Language other than English Study participants who were not undergoing surgery Studies of organ transplants Studies without a primary/secondary objective of examining or quantifying the risk of bleeding events in surgical patients Studies published from 1997–2007 Studies of surgical patients with a clear primary or secondary objective of examining or quantifying the risk of bleeding events Additionally, we conducted a secondary search using text and MeSH terms to identify surgical studies of bovine thrombin. We expected the yield of this search to be much smaller, so these studies were not required to have a primary/secondary objective of studying the risk of bleeding events, rather all studies that reported bleeding events were included. We also applied the same inclusion/exclusion criteria regarding publication date, English language, and organ transplant studies to the bovine thrombin studies. We reviewed and summarized all studies regarding surgery type, sample size, geographic location, study design, definition of bleeding events, and risk of bleeding events. We identified 16 studies that met our inclusion criteria, which are presented in Additional file 1, Table 1 [21–36]. Seven of these studies were cardiovascular surgery studies [25, 27, 28, 31, 32, 35, 36], three were pancreatic surgery [21, 24, 29], and the others included major abdominal surgery [23], major orthopedic surgery [33], non-cardiac general surgery [34], laparoscopic cholecystectomy [26], prostatic resection [22], and laparoscopic and thoracoscopic surgery [30]. Seven of the studies included more than 1,000 patients[23, 24, 26, 28, 30, 31, 33]. Three studies were based in the United States, nine were based in Europe, and one each was based in Canada, Israel, Australia, and India. Most of the studies

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had a very detailed definition of bleeding events, while several just reported specific events such as re-exploration for bleeding or delayed massive hemorrhage. There were no standardized definitions for bleeding events, major bleeds, etc., employed across these studies. The rates of bleeds ranged from 0.1% for fatal bleeds in orthopedic surgery [33] to 20.2% for bleeding complications in cancer patients undergoing pancreaticoduodenectomy [21]. The incidence of bleeding events in coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) patients was very similar across the six studies of CABG patients [27, 28, 31, 32, 35, 36], ranging from 3.1% [28] to 5.4% [35], with the other studies reporting rates between 4%–4.6%. Three of the CABG studies reported rates of bleeding events to be between 4.0%–4.8% [27, 31, 32]. Those same CABG studies also showed an increased risk of bleeds with pre-operative aspirin use (7.8% risk of bleeds; [36]) and clopidogrel (8% risk with clopidogrel use within three days prior to surgery). The rates of bleeding events are presented in Additional file 1, Table 1 and show that most studies report a rate of 2.6%–4%. The three pancreatic surgery studies showed a wide range of bleed rates from 2.3% for delayed massive hemorrhage [24] to 8.8% with at least one bleeding event [29], and 20.2% in the cancer patients [21]. The study reporting 8.8% risk of bleed events also reported a 47% fatality rate among those patients experiencing hemorrhage. The prostatic resection study of 826 patients comparing two approaches found a 3.6% risk of delayed hemorrhage and a 4%–4.8% risk of total bleeds depending on the surgical approach [22]. A national study of laparoscopic cholecystectomy patients from Hungary reported a 1.44% risk of postoperative bleeds via a hospital survey of bleeding events [26]. A national registry of laparoscopic surgery patients from Switzerland also reported a lower rate of bleeding events with a 3.3% incidence of major bleeds [30]. A randomized trial of heparin thromboprophylaxis for major abdominal surgery in the United Kingdom found rates of total bleeds of approximately 11% in both the low molecular weight heparin and standard heparin groups with about an 8% incidence of major bleeds. The risk of bleeds in this study during the operation (5.8%) appeared to be similar to the rate of bleeds and post-operatively (6.5%) [23]. A study of non-cardiac general surgery patients in the Netherlands reported a 2.6% risk of all bleeds and a 0.9% risk of major bleeds [35]. A study of major orthopedic surgery in the United States reported an overall 2.6% risk of major bleeds and a 0.7% risk of re-operation for bleeding [33]. The study also noted that the rates of major bleeds varied by surgery type with 4.9% in total hip replacement, 1.3% in major knee surgery, and 2.8% in hip fracture repair. They also reported that factors such as older age, male gender, and presence of comorbid hepatic/renal disorders significantly increased the risk of a major bleed event. None of these studies of surgical patients reported whether any or all of the patients in the study received treatment with any bovine thrombin-containing products. Our review of the literature identified five studies that reported the risk of bleeds in a surgical population treated with bovine thrombin [5, 9, 17, 37, 38]. The studies ranged in size from 21 patients [37] to 411 patients [17], and are summarized in Additional file 1, Table 2. The rates of bleeding events ranged from 0.0% [37] to 13% (human thrombin treatment arm; [17], with

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most studies reporting between a 2%–3% rate of bleeding events. The rates are also displayed in Additional File 1, Table 2, showing that average rate of bleeds is in the range of 2%–3.5%, similar to what was seen in the other published surgical in Additional file 1, Table 1. A study of 21 cardiothoracic surgical patients exposed to a fibrin glue of bovine fibrinogen and bovine thrombin during surgery were tested for anti-bovine fibrinogen titers prior to surgery and followed for 233 days [37]. All patients demonstrated elevated anti-bovine fibrinogen antibodies. When nine patients with the highest anti-bovine fibrinogen were retested, they displayed high titers for bovine thrombin and human thrombin as well. However, none of the 21 patients developed postoperative bleeding complications, including those with initially high fibrinogen titers. A second study was conducted by Dorion et al [5] that examined stored blood samples and hospital records and identified 120 patients previously exposed to bovine thrombin. Of these patients who could be identified from medical records, 102 had been exposed once to bovine thrombin and 18 had been exposed multiple times. The study also included 114 patients who had been unexposed to bovine thrombin. The study found that of the patients who had been exposed to bovine thrombin, 10% had antibodies to bovine thrombin; in patients singly exposed, the rate was 5%; and in patients exposed multiple times, the rate was 39%. The incidence of serious bleeds in bovine-thrombin exposed patients was 1.7% (two of 120 patients) of the total exposed patients while it was higher (17%; two of 12 patients) in those patients specifically who had antibodies to bovine thrombin. The number of patients with bleeding events was notably low and the subgroup of patients with antibodies is too small to draw any firm conclusions. A study of 151 surgery patients exposed to bovine thrombin was conducted by Ortel et al [9], which provided detailed information on the frequency and types of adverse events occurring in surgical patients (109 CABG patients and 42 valve surgery patients) exposed to bovine thrombin. Of the 151 total surgery patients, 7.3% developed excessive postoperative bleeding or had a reoperation for bleeding, 3.3% required transfusion support after postoperative Day 2, and 3.3% experienced gastrointestinal bleeding. When examining the role of risk factors in this patient population, it was determined that prior surgical procedure, increased thrombin exposure during the study, postoperative elevated levels to human coagulation proteins, and postoperative abnormal coagulation study results were not significantly associated with an increased risk of adverse events. While it was determined that having preoperative elevated antibody levels to two or more bovine proteins was a significant risk factor for an incident adverse event, it was conversely also determined that having postoperative elevated antibody levels to two or more bovine proteins was actually associated with a significant decreased risk of adverse events. There were two randomized trials included in the review that reported complete safety data, including bleeding complications [17, 38]. One study compared FloSeal™ to another bovine thrombin product called Gelfoam® (both included thrombin-JMI) in 309 surgery patients who were randomized to the two treatments during surgery [38]. The study did not compare the rates of safety events across the two thrombin-treated study groups, but rather reported the total occurrence of adverse events. In the 309 patients, 2.9% developed excessive post-operative bleeding, 4.9% developed anemia, 0.32% experienced a transfusion reaction, and 0.65% had decreased platelets. The study found no association between the presence or absence of bovine antibodies and the occurrence of bleeding complications at the six- to eight-week follow-up. The second and most recent randomized trial randomized 206 surgical patients to treatment with bov

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ine thrombin (Thrombin JMI) and 205 patients to treatment with recombinant human thrombin (rhThrombin). At baseline, 5% of the patients randomized to receive bovine thrombin had antibodies to bovine thrombin, while 1.5% of the patients who received rhThrombin had antibodies to human thrombin. At the one-month follow-up, 21.5% of the bovine thrombin group had an antibody elevation; the rhThrombin group had no new antibody elevations. However, there were no significant differences in regards to the incidence of adverse events. In each treatment group, 99.5% of patients reported some adverse event, with 22% of the bovine thrombin and 18% of the human thrombin patients reporting a serious adverse event. There were 11% of bovine-thrombin treated patients that experienced a bleeding event compared to 13% of patients with human thrombin. Rates in this study seemed to be much higher than other studies, but as indicated by 99.5% of patients being noted to have had an adverse event, the safety reporting seemed to be very thorough and may have included a large number of minor adverse events that would not have been noted in the other published surgical studies. It should be noted that the two randomized treatment arms had comparable rates, regardless of the higher numerical values of those rates. The rates of perioperative bleeding events in studies of surgical patients ranged from 0%–11% in patients definitely exposed to bovine thrombin, with most studies reporting rates between 2%–3%. The rates for the other published studies of surgical patients ranged similarly from 0.1% to just over 20%, with most studies reporting rates between 2%–5%. The risk of bleeds was not clearly different in those studies reporting use of bovine thrombin in all patients compared to the other surgical populations studied. Due to the lack of reporting in the general surgery studies, it should be noted that it is possible that many of the patients in these studies were also exposed to bovine thrombin products. It was clear that the rates varied with different patient, surgical, and other risk factors. Several studies clearly noted that surgical factors such as the type of surgery [33], complexity of surgery [23], and urgency of surgery [28] affected the risk of bleeding events. Further, patient characteristics such as age, gender, body mass index, comorbid conditions (e.g., cancer, atrial fibrillation), and treatment characteristics such as concomitant medications (e.g., clopidogrel, warfarin, aspirin) are also associated with increased risks of bleeds in surgical patients. The studies that included entire populations of patients treated with bovine thrombin did not appear to demonstrate a higher rate of bleeds than the other published surgical studies, although no formal statistical tests were conducted. Unfortunately, most of the studies examined did not conduct comprehensive analyses of multivariate factors in the examination of the risk of bleeding events in surgery, and thus many of reported bleeding rates may be confounded by a variety of risk factors. Many of the surgical studies included in our comparator surgical group may have employed the use of bovine thrombin in several of their previous surgeries. Because most studies do not routinely report the use of bovine thrombin in surgery in their publications, there is no way to confirm. Even if these studies did include bovine thrombin patients – and it would be expected that they would because thrombin is such a commonly used product in surgery – if bovine thrombin did increase the risk of bleeding events in surgery, it would be expected that there would be some indication of higher bleeding rates in the bovine thrombin studies; which there is not. This expectation would be to do a comparison of a group of 100% bovine-thrombin treated patients being compared to a group with some unknown proportion exposed to bovine thrombin (but with that proportion clearly being lower than 100%). We identified all of the published studies within the past 10 years via our comprehensive search methodology that had a clear primary or secondary intention of examining the risk/rate of bleeding events in surgical patients. There are many additional studies that may provide information on the risk of bleeding events in surgical patients as a part of

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their safety results and conclusions. We did not include these studies in this review because we felt that the only way to ensure that the reporting of bleeding events was complete was to require that the study have this as a clear primary or secondary objective of the study. Without the requirement of focused, detailed reporting, we would have to make assumptions to the completeness of reporting and wouldn't be sure whether the three bleeding events reported in a study were all of the bleeding events, all of the serious bleeding events, or whether the reporting was driven by some other factor that would result in a partial reporting of events. It should be considered that the definitions of a "bleeding event" differed substantially across studies and that this may lead to difficulty in comparing the rates across studies and treatment group and making scientific conclusions. This is definitely a possibility to explore for more focused comparisons, but even in the studies that report all bleeding events in the surgical population, the rates were still comparable to the bovine thrombin groups, if not lower for bovine thrombin. Prior research has also demonstrated that study design is an important factor in understanding the risk of adverse events, and hence it may be expected that we may see higher rates of adverse events in randomized trials due to active surveillance for the event of interest as compared to retrospective observational studies where the events only present when symptomatic [39]. Although this would still apply here, we believe that this is less of an issue as major bleeding events would be identified regardless of the study design and/or definition of bleeding events. The evidence in this literature review suggests that the rates of bleeding events in bovine thrombin surgical studies and other published surgical studies are not notably different. Unfortunately, this comparison is far from optimal and the results could be driven by a large number of factors. There are many elements, including definition of bleeding event, type of surgery, patient factors, and other risk factors that can influence the risk of bleeding events in surgical patients. Unless the authors controlled for these factors in their own original research, it is unlikely that they can be compared and evaluated retrospectively from their published work. This indirect comparison of bovine thrombin treated patients to other surgical patients provides suggestive evidence, but is limited in its ability to make definitive conclusions due to the unknown, but expected inter-study variability. None of the bovine thrombin surgical studies provided a comparable non-bovine thrombin treatment group from which to compare, although Chapman et al [17] did compare bovine thrombin to randomized treatment with rhThrombin and found no differences. More prospective studies are needed to accurately estimate the bleeding risks in surgical patients treated with topical bovine thrombin and patients not exposed to topical bovine thrombin, and to establish the risk of bleeding attributed to topical bovine thrombin and to other identifiable factors. The following abbreviations are used throughout this paper: Medical Subject Headings (MeSH), Coronary artery bypass graft (CABG), and Recombinant human thrombin (rhThrombin). This review was funded by an unrestricted research grant by King Pharmaceuticals, Cary, NC 27513. 13037_2008_13_MOESM1_ESM.xls Additional file 1: Table 1. Risk of Bleeding Events in Published Surgical Studies (1997–2007). Table 2. Risk of Bleeding Events in Published Surgical Studies of Bovine Thrombin (1997–2007). These tables show the studies examined looking at bleeding events of surgical studies broken down by author, year, surgery type, number of patients, study design, definition of bleeding event, and risk of bleeds (XLS 33 KB) Matthew Reynolds, Sheila Crean, Srinath Samudrala, and John Clark currently consult for King Pharmaceuticals. This review was funded by an unrestricted research grant by King Pharmaceuticals, Cary, NC 27513 MR, SC, and JC contributed to the conception and design. MR, JC, and SS participated in the acquisition of data. MR, JC, SC, and SS took part in the analysis and interpretation of data. MR and SS drafted the manuscript. SS, SC, and JC provided to critical revision. Epidemiology and Database Services,

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United BioSource Corporation, Medford, MA, USA Epidemiology and Risk Managment, United BioSource Corporation, Medford, MA, USA Institute for Spinal Disorders, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA Berguer R, Staerkel RL, Moore EE, Moore FA, Galloway WB, Mockus MB: Warning: fatal reaction to the use of fibrin glue in deep hepatic wounds. Case reports. J Trauma. 1991, 31: 408-411.View ArticlePubMedGoogle Scholar Caers J, Reekmans A, Jochmans K, Naegels S, Mana F, Urbain D, Reynaert H: Factor V inhibitor after injection of human thrombin (tissucol) into a bleeding peptic ulcer. Endoscopy. 2003, 35: 542-544. 10.1055/s-2003-39678.View ArticlePubMedGoogle Scholar Cmolik BL, Spero JA, Magovern GJ, Clark RE: Redo cardiac surgery: late bleeding complications from topical thrombin-induced factor V deficiency. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 1993, 105: 222-227. discussion 227–228.PubMedGoogle Scholar Cruickshank MK, Black J, Wall W: Development of a factor V and thrombin inhibitor following partial hepatic resection and the use of topical thrombin concentrate. Clin Lab Haematol. 1994, 16: 187-190.View ArticlePubMedGoogle Scholar Dorion RP, Hamati HF, Landis B, Frey C, Heydt D, Carey D: Risk and clinical significance of developing antibodies induced by topical thrombin preparations. Arch Pathol Lab Med. 1998, 122: 887-894.PubMedGoogle Scholar Israels SJ, Israels ED: Development of antibodies to bovine and human factor V in two children after exposure to topical bovine thrombin. Am J Pediatr Hematol Oncol. 1994, 16: 249-254.View ArticlePubMedGoogle Scholar La Spada AR, Skalhegg BS, Henderson R, Schmer G, Pierce R, Chandler W: Brief report: fatal hemorrhage in a patient with an acquired inhibitor of human thrombin. N Engl J Med. 1995, 333: 494-497. 10.1056/NEJM199508243330805.View ArticlePubMedGoogle Scholar Ortel TL, Charles LA, Keller FG, Marcom PK, Oldham HN, Kane WH, Macik BG: Topical thrombin and acquired coagulation factor inhibitors: clinical spectrum and laboratory diagnosis. Am J Hematol. 1994, 45: 128-135. 10.1002/ajh.2830450206.View ArticlePubMedGoogle Scholar Ortel TL, Mercer MC, Thames EH, Moore KD, Lawson JH: Immunologic impact and clinical outcomes after surgical exposure to bovine thrombin. Ann Surg. 2001, 233: 88-96. 10.1097/00000658-200101000-00014.PubMed CentralView ArticlePubMedGoogle Scholar Rapaport SI, Zivelin A, Minow RA, Hunter CS, Donnelly K: Clinical significance of antibodies to bovine and human thrombin and factor V after surgical use of bovine thrombin. Am J Clin Pathol. 1992, 97: 84-91.PubMedGoogle Scholar Sarfati MR, D

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ilorenzo DJ, Kraiss LW, Galt SW: Severe coagulopathy following intraoperative use of topical thrombin. Ann Vasc Surg. 2004, 18: 349-351. 10.1007/s10016-004-0028-3.View ArticlePubMedGoogle Scholar Spero JA: Bovine thrombin-induced inhibitor of factor V and bleeding risk in postoperative neurosurgical patients. Report of three cases. J Neurosurg. 1993, 78: 817-820.View ArticlePubMedGoogle Scholar Streiff MB, Ness PM: Acquired FV inhibitors: a needless iatrogenic complication of bovine thrombin exposure. Transfusion. 2002, 42: 18-26. 10.1046/j.1537-2995.2002.00011.x.View ArticlePubMedGoogle Scholar Tarantino MD, Ross MP, Daniels TM, Nichols WL: Modulation of an acquired coagulation factor V inhibitor with intravenous immune globulin. J Pediatr Hematol Oncol. 1997, 19: 226-231. 10.1097/00043426-199705000-00009.View ArticlePubMedGoogle Scholar Zehnder JL, Leung LL: Development of antibodies to thrombin and factor V with recurrent bleeding in a patient exposed to topical bovine thrombin. Blood. 1990, 76: 2011-2016.PubMedGoogle Scholar Zumberg MS, Waples JM, Kao KJ, Lottenberg R: Management of a patient with a mechanical aortic valve and antibodies to both thrombin and factor V after repeat exposure to fibrin sealant. Am J Hematol. 2000, 64: 59-63. 10.1002/(SICI)1096-8652(200005)64:1<59::AID-AJH10>3.0.CO;2-5.View ArticlePubMedGoogle Scholar Chapman WC, Singla N, Genyk Y, McNeil JW, Renkens KL, Reynolds TC, Murphy A, Weaver FA: A phase 3, randomized, double-blind comparative study of the efficacy and safety of topical recombinant human thrombin and bovine thrombin in surgical hemostasis. J Am Coll Surg. 2007, 205: 256-265. 10.1016/j.jamcollsurg.2007.03.020.View ArticlePubMedGoogle Scholar Alving BM, Weinstein MJ, Finlayson JS, Menitove JE, Fratantoni JC: Fibrin sealant: summary of a conference on characteristics and clinical uses. Transfusion. 1995, 35: 783-790. 10.1046/j.1537-2995.1995.35996029166.x.View ArticlePubMedGoogle Scholar von Oppell UO, Zilla P: Tissue adhesives in cardiovascular surgery. J Long Term Eff Med Implants. 1998, 8: 87-101.PubMedGoogle Scholar Wight J, Paisley S: The epidemiology of inhibitors in haemophilia A: a systematic review. Haemophilia. 2003, 9: 418-435. 10.1046/j.1365-2516.2003.00780.x.View ArticlePubMedGoogle Scholar Balachandran P, Sikora

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PubMedGoogle Scholar Opitz I, Gantert W, Giger U, Kocher T, Krahenbuhl L: Bleeding remains a major complication during laparoscopic surgery: analysis of the SALTS database. Langenbecks Arch Surg. 2005, 390: 128-133. 10.1007/s00423-004-0538-z.View ArticlePubMedGoogle Scholar Potger KC, McMillan D, Southwell J, Connolly T, Smith KK, Ambrose M: Transfusion and bleeding in coronary artery bypass grafting: an on-pump versus off-pump comparison. J Extra Corpor Technol. 2007, 39: 24-30.PubMedGoogle Scholar Renda G, Di Pillo R, D'Alleva A, Sciartilli A, Zimarino M, De Candia E, Landolfi R, Di Giammarco G, Calafiore A, De Caterina R: Surgical bleeding after pre-operative unfractionated heparin and low molecular weight heparin for coronary bypass surgery. Haematologica. 2007, 92: 366-373. 10.3324/haematol.10913.View ArticlePubMedGoogle Scholar Vera-Llonch M, Hagiwara M, Oster G: Clinical and economic consequences of bleeding following major orthopedic surgery. Thromb Res. 2006, 117: 569-577. 10.1016/j.thromres.2005.04.018.View ArticlePubMedGoogle Scholar Vink R, Rienstra M, van Dongen CJ, Levi M, Buller HR, Crijns HJ, van Gelder IC: Risk of thromboembolism and bleeding after general surgery in patients with atrial fibrillation. Am J Cardiol. 2005, 96: 822-824. 10.1016/j.amjcard.2005.05.028.View ArticlePubMedGoogle Scholar Yellin A, Refaely Y, Paley M, Simansky D: Major bleeding complicating deep sternal infection after cardiac surgery. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2003, 125: 554-558. 10.1067/mtc.2003.31.View ArticlePubMedGoogle Scholar Morawski W, Sanak M, Cisowski M, Szczeklik M, Szczeklik W, Dropinski J, Waclawczyk T, Ulczok R, Bochenek A: Prediction of the excessive perioperative bleeding in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting: role of aspirin and platelet glycoprotein IIIa polymorphism. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2005, 130: 791-796. 10.1016/j.jtcvs.2005.02.041.View ArticlePubMedGoogle Scholar Carroll JF, Moskowitz KA, Edwards NM, Hickey TJ, Rose EA, Budzynski AZ: Immunologic assessment of patients treated with bovine fibrin as a hemostatic agent. Thromb Haemost. 1996, 76: 925-931.PubMedGoogle Scholar Winterbottom N, Kuo J, Nguyen K, Reich C, Trent K, Rondinone J, Shargill N: Antigenic responses to bovine thrombin exposure during surgery: A prospective study of 309 patients. J Applied Research. 2002, 2 (1): 1-11.Google Scholar Nalysnyk L, Fahrbach K, Reynolds MW, Zhao SZ, Ross S: Adverse events in coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) tri

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Le BGM-109 Tomahawk est un missile de croisière destiné à être équipé d'une ogive nucléaire ou conventionnelle, conçu par les États-Unis dans les années 1970. Il peut être lancé d'un bâtiment de surface, d'un sous-marin (sous-marins d'attaque conventionnel, sous-marin nucléaire d'attaque (SNA), d'un sous-marin nucléaire lanceur d'engins (SNLE) ou sous-marin nucléaire lanceur de missiles de croisière (SSGN)). Historique La décision de fabriquer une version tactique du missile stratégique mer-mer SLCM fut prise en 1972. Deux prototypes pouvant être tirés par un tube lance-torpilles furent mis au point : le General Dynamics ZBGM-109 et le LTV ZBGM-110. Après essais, le BGM-109 Tomahawk fut retenu, et les premiers modèles de présérie virent le jour en 1977, pour finalement entrer en service opérationnel en 1983. Il était prévu que la version servant de vecteur nucléaire, le TLAM/N, soit construite à , 350 finalement ont été produites et 260 étaient en stock lors du début de leur retrait en 2010. En 2004 est entré en service le RGM-109E (nommé aussi , TacTom, TLAM-E, Tomahawk Block IV) qui, malgré une portée réduite, dispose de la capacité de reprogrammer le missile durant son vol pour attaquer une autre cible, peut survoler une zone cible pendant un certain temps, permet l'évaluation des dommages à travers une caméra de bord et dont les coûts de production sont moitié moindres que celui des Block III. Fin 2010, avaient été commandés. En 2013, un système de navigation pouvant être reprogrammé par une liaison satellite, couplé à un autodirecteur recherchant des sources électromagnétiques permettant d'engager des cibles mobiles, tels navires ou systèmes de défense antiaérienne, est testé sur le Tomahawk IV. En 2015, un test démontre la capacité du Tomahawk à détruire une cible mouvante au sol, en utilisant les informations fournies par un réseau de plates-formes. Le missile a fait face en 2015 à un arrêt de production prévu pour 2016, ce qui selon le blog ennuierait la firme Raytheon. Cette dernière annonce en effet que l'arrêt des commandes pourrait entraver sérieusement le fonctionnement des chaînes de production du missile. Mais le , un contrat pour la construction de et des pièces de rechange est signé et la production et amélioration du missile est assurée pour les années 2020. Caractéristiques La poussée initiale pour l'éjection hors du tube de lancement est fournie par un moteur-fusée à carburant solide, relayé ensuite par un turboréacteur Williams F107 pesant . Le missile est équipé d'un système de guidage inertiel et/ou d'un système GPS, ainsi que d'un autodirecteur à infrarouges pour une frappe assez précise (de l'ordre de quelques mètres). Il peut emporter plusieurs charges utiles, le BGM-109D Tomahawk emportant de type BLU-97. Il vole à une vitesse subsonique de (environ Mach 0,7) et sa portée maximale est de . Avec une tête conventionnelle, sa portée est de . Un système nommé TAINS (en ) guide le missile tiré sur des cibles terrestres à une vitesse subsonique () et volant à une altitude variant entre 20 et (pour éviter la détection radar) jusqu'à de son point de tir pour les TLAM-N, pour les TLAM

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-C et E et pour les TLAM-D. Un second système, nommé DSMAC (pour l', se prononce ), stocke une représentation graphique de la cible telle que le missile doit la voir en phase finale, pour s'assurer que les deux correspondent. Entre du Tomahawk sont produits dans les années 2000/2010 chaque année à l'usine Raytheon de Tucson, en Arizona. Quelques , basées dans 24 États, participent également activement au fonctionnement de la chaîne de production. Son coût était de l'ordre de américains en 1999. Une commande de 361 TLAM Block IV est passée le pour un montant de , soit un coût unitaire de par missile ( euros, au cours du ). Ces missiles ont une recertification après de service, c'est-à-dire à mi-vie. La recertification permet de remédier à certaines obsolescences et de réaliser l'entretien des missiles voire de les améliorer. Les Tomahawks block IV recertifiés en 2019 verront une amélioration du système de communication et des systèmes électroniques. Une ogive à charge creuse, nommée Joint Multi-Effects Warhead System (JMEWS), testé la première fois en octobre 2010 est disponible. Le Tomahawk Bk IV modernisé sera aussi capable de frapper des cibles navales en mouvement. Renommée Block Va pour la version antinavire et Vb pour celle armée de la JMEWS, ces versions qui entreront en service en 2023 doivent remplacer toutes les anciennes versions du Tomahawk qui seront converties à ces standards. Le missile Tomahawk a été accusé de contenir de l'uranium appauvri. En effet, la revue spécialisée Jane's Defence Weekly a un jour indiqué que le missile contenait ce métal, avant de retirer l'information. Variantes Sept variantes du BGM-109 Tomahawk existent, employant divers types d'ogives : BGM-109A (TLAM-N) : Retirée du service entre 2010 et début 2013, équipée d'une ogive nucléaire W80 ; RGM/UGM-109B (TASM) : Variante anti-navire guidée par radar, retirée du service dans les années 1990 ; BGM-109C (TLAM-C) : Variante mer-sol équipée d'une charge unitaire ; BGM-109D (TLAM-D) : Variante mer-sol équipée de sous-munitions ; RGM/UGM-109E (TLAM Block IV) : Version améliorée du TLAM-C, appelée . Une capacité anti-navire testé à partir de 2015 sera opérationnelle en 2021; BGM-109G Gryphon (GLCM) : Version sol-sol retirée du service, équipée de l'ogive nucléaire W84 ; AGM-109H/L (MRASM) : Version air-sol jamais mise en service. La version GLCM tirée depuis des camions lance-missiles a été retirée du service actif et détruite, dans le cadre du traité sur les forces nucléaires à portée intermédiaire () de 1987. Vecteurs En 1996, l'US Navy avait totalisant à missiles pouvant emporter un Tomahawk, soit -marins () et de surface (). Il y avait alors plus de de croisière Tomahawk dans l'inventaire. Fin mars 2011, le stock est d'environ . Déploiement à partir de sous-marins Avec la chute du bloc soviétique et la détente qui a suivi sur le plan des armements nucléaires stratégiques, quatre sous-marins de la classe Ohio ont été convertis en sous-marins lanceurs de missiles de croisière (SS

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GN selon la terminologie OTAN) et sont entrés en service en 2007. Les tubes de lancement contiennent chacun une dizaine de missiles Tomahawk ( au total), ce qui donne à chacun de ces sous-marins une puissance de feu considérable contre des objectifs terrestres. Depuis 1984, sur les sous-marins de la classe Los Angeles (sous-marin nucléaire d'attaque de l'US Navy), construits entre 1976 et 1995, à lancement vertical (VLS, ) pour les missiles Tomahawk sont montés entre le sonar avant et le kiosque. La dispose d'un armement similaire. La classe Seawolf s'impose comme le SNA le plus efficace qui soit. Les anglo-saxons l'ont qualifié de « » (« chasseur tueur »). Fort de ses 8 tubes lance-torpilles de , le SSN 21 Seawolf est le seul sous-marin au monde pouvant transporter , tels que les torpilles Mk-48 ADCAP, des missiles AGM-84 Harpoon anti-navires ou les dernières versions du Tomahawk, capables d'être tirées tant sur des navires que sur des cibles à terre. La Royal Navy a acquis et testé ses premiers Tomahawk en 1998. Le de la , emporte quatre UGM-109E Tomahawk tirés par tubes lance-torpilles. En 2010, tous les SNA britanniques peuvent emporter cette arme. Déploiement depuis un navire de surface Les navires de la classe Iowa sont une série de cuirassés construits pour l'US Navy durant la Seconde Guerre mondiale comportant quatre unités. Après sa dernière modernisation, en 1982, l', le premier navire de surface doté de ce nouveau système d'arme, pouvait emporter de croisière BGM-109 installés dans huit Armored Box Launcher (ABL) emportant chacun quatre missiles. Les autres navires en étant équipés sont sept destroyers de la classe Spruance à partir de 1984, les quatre croiseurs de la classe Virginia et le avec deux conteneurs par bâtiments. Le dernier navire embarquant des ABL a été retiré du service en 1998. Avec leurs systèmes de lancement verticaux, les croiseurs de classe Ticonderoga peuvent emporter un maximum de , les destroyers de classe Arleigh Burke 90 et les classe . Sur un destroyer britannique , l'artillerie navale pourrait notamment se composer de huit missiles de croisière Tomahawk anti-navires, qui pourraient être installés si le financement est suffisant, ce qui dans le contexte budgétaire des années 2010 n'est pas à l'ordre du jour. Utilisateurs : Des années 1980 à 1997, plus de avaient été commandés. Le nombre approximatif de missiles restant disponibles à l'inventaire au début des années 1990 était de . Ce nombre retombera à environ , en raison des utilisés en 1998 lors de l'opération et des 160 autres utilisés en au Kosovo. En août 2017, le Tomahawk Block IV destiné à l'US Navy est livré. : En 1995, le Royaume-Uni et les États-Unis s'accordent pour la vente de 65 Tomahawk destiné aux sous-marins nucléaires d'attaque de la Royal Navy. Les premiers sont livrés en novembre 1998. Le , le département de la Défense américain annonça une possible vente de du Block IIIC (TLAM), dotés de charges militaires conventionnelles. Ils seraient accompagnés de leur containers, d'une assistance technique, de pièces détachées et d'autres éléments relatifs au soutien logistique. Ce contrat était d'un coût estimé à . Ces s'ajouteraient la première commande de 65, initiée pour remplacer ceux tirés lors de la

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campagne par le sous-marin HMS Splendid. Ces missiles supplémentaires étaient nécessaires pour augmenter le volume de l'inventaire, ainsi que pour étendre la capacité d'emploi des unités sous-marines. Le Royaume-Uni possédant déjà de nombreux Tomahawks en inventaire, l'absorption de ces quelques exemplaires supplémentaires ne posa pas de grande difficultés. Carrière opérationnelle Un livre indique que pendant la guerre du Golfe de 1991, 297 Tomahawk avaient été tirés, dont 282 atteignirent leur cible (9 n'ont pas réussi à quitter le tube de lancement et 6 sont tombés à l'eau après avoir quitté le tube). De 2 à 6 missiles ont été abattus.. Un livre français écrit en 1995 et paru en 2001 indique lui 291 tirs. Le , durant l'opération Southern Watch, 45 TLAM ont été tirés et, le , pour l'opération Bushwhacker, 23 autres tirs ont été enregistrés. Le , durant les bombardements de la Bosnie-Herzégovine par l'OTAN en 1995, 13 BGM-109 Tomahawk de l'US Navy dévastèrent une tour de communication bosno-serbe, dans le cadre des opérations militaires visant à débloquer le siège de Sarajevo. Trois jours plus tard, les autorités bosno-serbes acceptèrent de retirer leurs armes, et des négociations débouchèrent sur les accords de Dayton deux mois plus tard, mettant fin à la guerre de Bosnie. Du 3 au , durant l'opération Desert Strike, 31 TLAM sont lancés à nouveau sur l'Irak. Durant l'opération Infinite Reach, effectuée le contre quatre camps d'entraînement d'Al-Qaïda en Afghanistan et une usine pharmaceutique au Soudan à la suite des attentats des ambassades américaines en Afrique, de croisière furent tirés depuis une dizaine de navires de guerre et cinq sous-marins. Le bilan humain de ces attaques fut réduit, avec un maximum de évoqués en Afghanistan et un garde tué au Soudan. Ces pertes humaines relativement faibles sont dues au fait que les missiles tirés étaient armés d'ogives unitaires anti-structurelles, et non de sous-munitions anti-personnel plus adaptées à ce type de missions, les navires n'ayant pas eu le temps d'être réarmés avant la date de l´opération. Du 17 au , environ 325 TLAM furent lancés de nouveau sur l'Irak, lors de l'opération Desert Fox. Durant la guerre du Kosovo, du au , alors que les opérations étaient encore en cours, 150 Tomahawk furent lancés certains par le HMS Splendid de la Royal Navy. Il s'agit de sa première utilisation au combat par le Royaume-Uni. Ils ont également été utilisés à environ lors de la guerre d'Afghanistan de 2001. Ils ont été utilisés le lors de l'opération liberté irakienne pour pilonner, entre autres, le quartier général de Saddam Hussein. Le , lors de l'opération Aube de l'Odyssée en Libye, dans le cadre de la résolution 1973 du Conseil de sécurité des Nations unies, 124 Tomahawk américains et britanniques ont été utilisés pour neutraliser des objectifs militaires, principalement des systèmes de défense antiaérienne à Tripoli et dans ses environs. Au , le Département de la Défense a déclaré qu'un total de BGM-109 Tomahawk américains et 7 britanniques avaient été lancés dans le cadre de cette opération. Dans la nuit du 22 au , au déclenchement de l'Opération Inherent Resolve, le croiseur et le destroyer tirent

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Top 10 best tv for series s If you're looking for the best tv for series s, you've come to the right place. We've got the perfect tv for you, whether you're looking for the best picture quality, the best sound quality, or the best value. We've got you covered. A Quick Comparison of best tv for series s Meta Quest 2 — Advanced All-In-One Virtual Reality Headset — 128 GB Check Price on Amazon Check Price on Amazon Xbox Series X Check Price on Amazon Check Price on Amazon Nintendo Switch with Neon Blue and Neon Red Joy‑Con – HAC-001(-01) Check Price on Amazon Check Price on Amazon $20 Xbox Gift Card [Digital Code] Check Price on Amazon Check Price on Amazon Xbox Series S Check Price on Amazon Check Price on Amazon best tv for series s reviews Meta Quest 2 — Advanced All-In-One Virtual Reality Headset — 128 GB This is the most advanced virtual reality headset on the market. It has a 128 GB memory and is compatible with all major gaming consoles. It has a comfortable design and a easy to use interface. This headset is perfect for gamers who want the most immersive experience possible. Brand: Meta Quest Manufacturer: Facebook Technologies, LLC Dimensions: Height: 4.96062 Inches Width: 7.36219 Inches Length: 10.2362 Inches Weight: 1.83 Pounds ` 1. The Meta Quest 2 is an all-in-one virtual reality headset that offers a great deal of flexibility and immersion for users. 2. The device is very comfortable to wear, even for extended periods of time, thanks to its ergonomic design. 3. The Meta Quest 2 comes with a 128 GB of internal storage, which is more than enough for most users. 4. The device is very easy to set up and use, thanks to its simple and straightforward design. 5. The Meta Quest 2 offers a great value for the money, thanks to its many features and benefits. 1.The product is too expensive for the average person to afford. 2. The product is not yet available to the public and may not be for some time. The Meta Quest 2 is the most advanced all-in-one virtual reality headset on the market. It has a powerful processor and 256 GB of storage, so you can enjoy the most immersive VR experiences without any lag or loading times. The headset is also comfortable to wear and comes with a controller for an even more realistic experience. Dimensions: Height: 5.1 Inches Width: 7.7 Inches Length: 16.5 Inches Weight: 1.83 Pounds ` 1. The Meta Quest 2 is a high-end virtual reality headset that offers a great experience with its advanced features and 256 GB of storage. 2. It is very comfortable to wear and offers a great view of the virtual world with its high-resolution display. 3. The Meta Quest 2 is very easy to use and comes with a lot of useful accessories, such as a controller and a camera. 4. It is a great product for those who want to have a realistic virtual reality experience. 5. The Meta Quest 2 is a great value for money and is definitely worth the price. 1) The high price point of the product may deter some potential customers. 2) Some users may find the headset uncomfortable to wear for extended periods of time. The Xbox Series X is an amazing console that has amazing features. The graphics are incredible and the gameplay is smooth. The console is also very quiet and the controllers are very comfortable. Overall, the Xbox Series X is an amazing console that I highly recommend. Brand: Xbox Dimensions: Height: 8.50392 Inches Width: 11.49604 Inches Length: 14.99997 Inches Weight: 9.8 Pounds ` Edition: Series X 1. Xbox Series X is the most powerful console ever made. 2. Xbox Series X will allow you to play games in 4K resolution at 60 frames per second. 3. Xbox Series X will come with a 1TB hard drive. 4. Xbox Series X will be backwards compatible with all previous X

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box console games. 5. Xbox Series X will have a new and improved controller. 1. One of the main disadvantages of the Xbox Series X is that it is very expensive. The console itself costs $499 and then you have to buy games which can cost up to $60 each. This can be a very pricey investment for some people. 2. Another disadvantage of the Xbox Series X is that it doesn't have as many features as the PlayStation 5. For example, the PlayStation 5 has a built-in 4K Blu-ray player which the Xbox Series X does not have. This means that if you want to watch 4K Blu-rays on your Xbox Series X, you will need to buy an external 4K Blu-ray player which can cost around $200. Nintendo Switch with Neon Blue and Neon Red Joy‑Con – HAC-001(-01) The Nintendo Switch is an amazing console that can be used as both a handheld and home console. It has two Joy-Con controllers that can be used together or separately, and they come in two great colors: Neon Blue and Neon Red. The Switch also has a huge library of amazing games, both first-party and third-party, that will keep you entertained for hours on end. Color: Neon Blue and Red Dimensions: Height: 1.0 Inches Width: 2.0 Inches Length: 2.0 Inches Weight: 0.6393405598 Pounds ` 1. The Nintendo Switch is a versatile console that can be used as a handheld device or connected to a TV for a traditional gaming experience. 2. The Joy-Con controllers can be used separately or together, allowing for a variety of gameplay options. 3. The Switch has a growing library of quality games, including first-party titles like The Legend of Zelda: Breath of the Wild and Super Mario Odyssey. 4. The Switch is a affordable console, making it a great option for budget-conscious gamers. 5. The Switch is a great console for gaming on the go, thanks to its portability and robust battery life. 1. The Nintendo Switch with Neon Blue and Neon Red Joy-Con – HAC-001(-01) is a bit more expensive than the original Nintendo Switch. 2. The Joy-Con controllers are not as comfortable to hold as the original Switch controllers. $20 Xbox Gift Card [Digital Code] With an Xbox Gift Card, you can buy the latest games, map packs, music, movies, TV shows, and more. There's something for everyone! Edition: Xbox 360 Digital Code The card can be used to buy games, add-ons, and other content from the Microsoft Store on Xbox One and Windows 10 The card can be used to buy Xbox Live Gold subscriptions The card can be used to buy Xbox Game Pass subscriptions The card can be used to buy Microsoft Store apps and content on Windows 10 The card can be used to buy movies and TV shows from the Microsoft Store 1. Can only be used on Xbox products and cannot be transferred to other devices or platforms. 2. There is no physical product to hold or touch. The Xbox Series S is an amazing console that has amazing graphics and is very affordable. It is a great console for people who want to game on a budget and still have a great gaming experience. Dimensions: Height: 5.0 inches Width: 11.5 inches Length: 14.25 inches Weight: 4.25 Pounds ` Edition: Series S 1. Small and lightweight – The Xbox Series S is much smaller and lighter than the Xbox Series X, making it more convenient to take with you on the go. 2. Affordable – The Xbox Series S is significantly cheaper than the Xbox Series X, making it a more affordable option for gamers. 3. Quiet – The Xbox Series S is a much quieter console than the Xbox Series X, making it more pleasant to play games in a quiet environment. 4. Energy efficient – The Xbox Series S uses less power than the Xbox Series X, making it more energy efficient. 5. Great games – The Xbox Series S has access to a great library of Xbox One and Xbox 360 games, as well as a growing selection of Xbox Series X/S

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exclusive games. 1. The Xbox Series S is not as powerful as the Xbox Series X, so it may not be able to run some of the latest games as well. 2. It also doesn't have a disc drive, so you'll need to download all your games and apps digitally. This is an Xbox Gift Card that can be used to purchase games, apps, movies, and other content from the Xbox Store. The card is delivered digitally, so you can use it right away. It's a great gift for any Xbox fan. The gift card can be used to buy Xbox games, accessories, or even Xbox Live Gold subscriptions Since it's a digital code, it can be sent to anyone, anywhere, instantly There's no need to worry about losing the card or having it stolen, as it can't be used without the code The card can be used even if the recipient doesn't have an Xbox, as they can use it to buy an Xbox The card never expires, so the recipient can use it whenever they want Gift cards are often used to launder money Gift cards can be used to buy items that can be resold for a profit This $30 Xbox Gift Card is the perfect way to show your appreciation to the gamer in your life! With this card, they can purchase the newest games, DLCs, and subscriptions to keep their gaming library fresh and up-to-date. 1. The Xbox Gift Card can be used to purchase games, movies, music, and other items from the Xbox Store. 2. The Xbox Gift Card can be used to extend your Xbox Live Gold subscription. 3. The Xbox Gift Card can be used to purchase in-game items from select Xbox games. 4. The Xbox Gift Card can be used to make purchases on the Windows Store for Windows 10 devices. 5. The Xbox Gift Card can be used to buy Xbox controllers and other accessories. 1. The $30 Xbox Gift Card [Digital Code] can only be used to purchase Xbox-related content and cannot be used to purchase other content or services. 2. The $30 Xbox Gift Card [Digital Code] does not offer any discounts or promotions and is only worth the value of $30. This is a great gift for the Xbox gamer in your life. With this card, they can purchase the latest and greatest games, add-ons, and more from the Xbox Store. Can be used to buy a wide range of Xbox games, products and services No fees or expiration dates Works on Xbox One and Xbox 360 Can be used to buy Xbox Live Gold subscriptions Can be used as a gift for family and friends The card cannot be used to purchase certain items, including content from the Xbox Live Marketplace. The card also cannot be used to purchase Xbox 360 content. This Xbox Gift Card is the perfect present for any gaming fan in your life! With a $60 value, it'll give them access to a ton of great games and other content on the Xbox Store. They can use it to buy the newest releases, or pick up some classics that they've been wanting to play. No matter what they choose, it's sure to be a hit! 1. Xbox Gift Cards can be used to purchase Xbox games, apps, and other content from the Microsoft Store. 2. Xbox Gift Cards do not expire, so you can use them at your convenience. 3. Xbox Gift Cards can be used to make purchases on Xbox One and Xbox 360 consoles. 4. Xbox Gift Cards can also be used to buy Xbox Live Gold subscriptions. 5. Xbox Gift Cards are a great gift idea for Xbox gamers. 1. The code can only be used on Xbox, so if you don't have an Xbox, it's useless. 2. The code can only be used to buy things from the Xbox store, so you can't use it to buy anything else. Buying Guide for best tv for series s Before purchasing a television, it is important to read customer reviews that are available online. This will give you an idea of what others have thought about the television you are considering. It is also important to compare prices and features before making a purchase. When you are looking for a new television, it is important to compare prices from different stores before making

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Q: How does PHP assign and free memory for variables? I was wondering when does PHP free the memory which is used for a variables for example function foo(){ $foo = 'data'; return $foo; // <- is the memory space for `$foo` emptied at this point? } is it slower than: function foo(){ return 'data'; } ? A: Well, let's find out! <?php $checkpoints = array( 'start' => memory_get_usage() ); $checkpoints['before defining demo1'] = memory_get_usage(); function demo1() { $foo = 'data'; return $foo; } $checkpoints['after defining demo1'] = memory_get_usage(); $checkpoints['before defining demo2'] = memory_get_usage(); function demo2() { return 'data'; } $checkpoints['after defining demo2'] = memory_get_usage(); $checkpoints['before calling demo1'] = memory_get_usage(); demo1(); $checkpoints['after calling demo1'] = memory_get_usage(); $checkpoints['before calling demo2'] = memory_get_usage(); demo2(); $checkpoints['after calling demo2'] = memory_get_usage(); $checkpoints['before calling demo1 with storage'] = memory_get_usage(); $storage1 = demo1(); $checkpoints['after calling demo1 with storage'] = memory_get_usage(); $checkpoints['before calling demo2 with storage'] = memory_get_usage(); $storage2 = demo2(); $checkpoints['after calling demo2 with storage'] = memory_get_usage(); echo '<pre>'; print_r($checkpoints); $last_key = 'start'; foreach($checkpoints as $key => $value) { echo "{$key} - {$last_key} = ", ($value - $checkpoints[$last_key]), "\n"; $last_key = $key; } Under PHP 5.3.6, my output is: Array ( [start] => 321920 [before defining demo1] => 322188 [after defining demo1] => 322788 [before defining demo2] => 322880 [after defining demo2] => 323188 [before calling demo1] => 323280 [after calling demo1] => 323368 [before calling demo2] => 323464 [after calling demo2] => 323552 [before calling demo1 with storage] => 323692 [after calling demo1 with storage] => 323896 [before calling demo2 with storage] => 324000 [after calling demo2 with storage] => 324204 ) and then start - start = 0 before defining demo1 - start = 268 after defining demo1 - before defining demo1 = 600 before defining demo2 - after defining demo1 = 92 after defining demo2 - before defining demo2 = 308 before calling demo1 - after defining demo2 = 92 after calling demo1 - before calling demo1 = 88 before calling demo2 - after calling demo1 = 96 after calling demo2 - before calling demo2 = 88 before calling demo1 with storage - after calling demo2 = 140 after calling demo1 with storage - before calling demo1 with storage = 204 before calling demo2 with storage - after calling demo1 with storage = 104 after calling demo2 with storage - before calling demo2 with storage = 204 It's very likely that the memory increase during the initial calls to demo1 and demo2 that discard the output is due to the creation of variables to store memory use. However, the bottom line here is the two storage examples, where both returning data directly and assigning it to a variable before returning it resulted in the same exact memory use for the given data. Conclusion: PHP seems smart enough in this simple test to not needlessly copy string variables -- though do keep an eye on the memory use difference between the two functions. Just declaring the demo1 function

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Sin is the Spanish word for 'without' and is the quickest way to order an alcohol-free beer. Just ask for 'una sin'. From being practically undrinkable 10 years ago, the standard of sin-alcohol beers has really improved. Our favourite Spanish brand is Estrella Galicia but there are many more great options out there. We generally order whatever is on tap in a bar or restaurant as the taste and pour is always better than from a bottle or can. Alcohol-free beer on tap is available in most Spanish bars. If you want to have some alcohol but not full-strength, keep an eye out for low alcohol beers such as Radler which is mixed with lemon to bring down the alcohol content. Of course, Spain has its own home made lemon beer which is the 'clara' , a beer and lemon or soda combo – like a shandy – and you can state how strong or weak you want it. Another way to limit your alcohol intake while drinking beer is to order small glasses such as a 'mini-caña' or 'un corto' or, if in the Basque Country, 'un zurito' – all small measures of beer that measure roughly 20ml. Spain being one of the world's major wine producing countries, you'd expect to find quite a few grape juices on the market. 'Mosto' is the generic term for grape juice and is as easy to drink as it is to pronounce. It comes in both a red or white variety and is usually presented in a tumbler glass with an olive and a slice of orange. It's equally popular with adults and children and is often consumed before lunch during the aperitif hour. Another aperitivo favourite of ours is the 'Vermut Sin' made by Casa del Vermut in Cambrils – we are complete converts – it's an amazingly authentic taste and perfect for the designated driver or for that quick lunchtime drink when you have work piling up at the office. Try it when you see it on offer – you'll be amazed at how real it tastes – perfect for washing down platters of seafood or tapas at midday. You can now order alcohol-free vermouth! Check out the Casa del Vermut brand – their alcohol-free version is really amazing! It looks the same and tastes the same! Bright pink in colour, the drink is considered by many to taste like a blend of vermouth and soda. We like it as a sour alternative to sugary colas and fizzy lemons. Made by Kas (the most popular Spanish brand for fizzy orange and lemon drinks) it comes from our old home town of Vitoria in the Basque Country. It was designed as a sophisticated adult drink and although it has fallen in popularity in recent decades re-branding is seeing it recover some lost ground. The recipe is a well-guarded secret but we do know that it includes over 20 spices such as cinnamon, nutmeg and gentian root – which crops up in aperitifs and digestifs across Europe. Not something to order in a round of drinks, but this homemade broth or consommé is perfect if you want something to warm you up on a cold day and don't fancy a coffee. You'll spot lots of bars with signs saying 'hay caldo' especially in the cooler months and you should give this consommé a go at least once. If you fancy, ask the barman to pour in a small drop of 'jerez' as sherry goes especially well with caldo. Spain doesn't have many places serving frappucinos but during the Summer months, the spanish have long had their own solution. Ask for a café con hielo (or a café con leche y un vaso con hielo) and you'll be given your coffee and a separate glass with ice in it. Sweeten the coffee to your liking and heal it into the ice – perfect! If you are looking for a bit more glamour and you find yourself in glamorous surroundings, you should check out the 'cocktails sin alcohol' also known as 'cocktails virgin'. As fans of the mojito, we tend to order a mojito-sin but when we see a great choice of fresh fruits, we'll ask for the house special. Barmen in Spain have no problem putting together a non-alco

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holic cocktail for you or your kids! We're talking about freshly squeezed orange juice and not the bottled stuff. Some of the very best oranges in the world are grown in Valencia and almost every bar has a juicer. Local and delicious at any time of the day. It's traditional in Spain to have a chupito (shot-glass sized digestif) after a large meal and we have become big fans of the 'chupito-sin'. These schnapps-free drinks come in a dazzling array of flavours and lots of places are making their own so do ask what's available when you are offered a chupito. It's a great way to stay part of the sobremesa (after dinner chat) that is so intrinsic to Spanish dining. You have to try this whether you are on an alcohol-free trip or not. The horchata in Spain is made from the chufa or tiger nut (not to be confused with the rice milk of the same name from Mexico). It's a summer drink that is served cold, thick and creamy often with some cinnamon dusted on on top. Another must-try while in Spain. We'd recommend this on its own or with a pastry as a snack. Definitely not with anything savoury. You can pick up a pack in your supermarket or keep an eye out for the homemade versions in ice-cream parlours and bars too! We often make these ice-sorbets at home and love to order them out too. Again, you'll find them in some bars and ice-cream parlours. Perfect for a hot day when you don't want an ice-cream. If you are on a dairy-free diet, this is the treat for you! Homemade lemonade is another summer classic. It's not as easy to find as it once was so if you see it, give it a go. If you are staying in self-catering, we 100% recommend you picking up some lemons at the fruit market and whizzing up some lemon juice. Just add some cane sugar or honey and you're done! While we don't recommend this sweet soda as such, we do think you should know what it is because it crops up quite a lot. Often served in taverns with the more cheeky young red wines, it does help lighten the strength of flavour as well as reduce the alcohol count. But you can drink this on its own – or add it to a beer or alcohol-free beer to give it a bit of fizz or extra sweetness. It's not unlike 7-Up or Sprite and is very low in calories. Your typical menu-del-dia will often come with mineral water, casera and red wine as standard. Fans of 'tinto de verano' – the sangria-like wine-based drink that's very popular in the warmer months of the year – will be pleased to know it's now available in an alcohol-free variety. The original version is a combination of wine and Casera. This alcohol-free version is a combination of grape juice and Casera. If you want to try this outside Spain and can't find Casera, mix your grape juice with a combo of lemon soda and sparkling water. The fruitiest of summer drinks – Tinto de Verano – now comes in an alcohol-free version. Make sure to read whether it's Sin or not as they are sold right beside each other! If you see EminaZero in shops or restaurants, do give it a try. It's the first alcohol-free wine and is produced in red, white and pink, alongside its more conventional wines by Emina which operates from its bases in the Ribera del Duero and Rueda wine-growing regions. You can visit these wineries and enjoy the wines in situ and the winery also offers helicopter rides and hot air balloon rides over the vines! This is one you'll come across on dessert menus. It's a foaming sweet milk drink that's made with raw egg white, cinnamon and lemon zest. High on the calories and definitely one to try or to make at home. The hot chocolate that is consumed with churros in Spain is unlike any other hot chocolate on the market. It is unusually thick, not very milky and not

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Donnan potential and surface potential of a charged membrane. This can be combined with eqs and b to yield 4 Solving for y gives 5 Assuming that in both phases the charge density due to the polyelectrolyte is smaller than that of the other ions i. Similarly to the concentration shifts in , we see significant potential shifts at the boundaries between the ion-exchange and the free electrolyte domains. The more perfect our knowledge of these parameters, namely permeability and ionic concentrations, the more accurate our calculated values to the observed ones. Among those he assisted were and , who wrote their paper on the while in London. The electric fields surrounding cell proteins are less strong if there is intracellular acidosis. As the polyelectrolyte is spatially restricted, the phase-separated mixture is expected to carry an interfacial electric potential difference. In this case, the concentrations of B — and C — in the membrane are 0, and due to electroneutrality, the concentration of A + is always constant and given by the immobilized charge. . The membrane voltage will become zero, but the chemical gradient will still exist. Donnan, which refers to the distribution of species between two ionic separated by a semipermeable membrane or boundary. It was on this so-called Donnan equilibrium that he frequently was asked to lecture across Europe and America, and is largely the only scientific research for which he is remembered today. Various degrees of coverage with particles could be obsd. Our measurements clearly show that the charge of gelatin has a strong influence on the phase behavior of aqueous mixtures of dextran and gelatin and that these effects largely disappear on the addition of salt. Measuring the electric potential difference between the two phases is a challenge because the Donnan potential cannot be measured directly. Also, colloidosomes can have an elongated shape such that they may be used as microfluidic membranes or artificial arteries. Btw, since the establishment of donnan equilibrium involves formation of a double layer, is it correct to say that after this double layer is formed, we can measure the zeta potential of the layer? In this new equation system, we solve for N-1 concentration variables and the electric potential variable, keeping in mind that we can always derive the N th concentration from the other concentrations and the condition of electroneutrality. The investigations were carried out using equilibrated gelatin-rich and dextran-rich phases in a computer-controlled Couette device at 40° above the gelation point of gelatin and interfacial tensions were measured using the retracting drop method. As a result, we do not need to solve for any concentration variable in the membrane. The solutions may be or as well as ionic liquids, and as such the phase boundary between gels or a gel and a liquid can also act as a selective barrier. The results show a strong fractionation in molar mass for both components. The electric potential arising between two such solutions is called the Donnan potential. The cell depends too heavily on it. It is well-known that mixtures of two different polymers, so-called polymer blends, tend to phase separate. Further Boosting Model Convergence There is actually one more simplification of the model problem that can be done: We can assume that the ion-exchange membrane completely blocks all ions but A +. Some aspects of the stability of such flow patterns and the recovery of the phases at the channel exit are reviewed. This type of system is, for instance, used to separate biomolecules without denaturing them, but it has also been proposed as a method to obtain water-in-water emulsions. But wouldn't more K+ from side 1 to neutralize the negative charge due to Cl-? Simplified interpretation of the pacemaker potential as a tool for teaching membrane potentials. I know that electrical double layers are associated with zeta potential and stern potential. However, the Donnan potentials in these systems are due to the addition of salts composed of cations and anions with different partitioning coefficients and not due to charge on one of the polymers. All the results are well described by classical theories of drop deformation in shear flow which were originally developed for immiscible fluids , the only fitting parameter being the interfacial tension. The samples were centrifuged overnight at 20 °C at 100—200 g with the higher speeds for the more concentrated, viscous samples to obtain fully phase-separated samples. Any weak positive or negative electric disturbances of their

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Two Munros and Two Corbetts South of Loch Earn. I left St Fillan, situated at the head of Loch Earn, at 0810 on Wednesday 30th April 2014. The plan was to walk a route from St Fillan to Lochearnhead walking over two Corbett's and Two Munros. I had a bus to catch at Lochearnhead at 1705 and therefore I had just under 9 hours to complete this walk. With the calculated ascent and distance I was sure that I had given myself plenty of time but due to the complete clagged in conditions above 500m for the round and the lumpy undulating nature of the terrain, it turned out to be a pretty tight schedule indeed. The weather was pleasant as I walked along the road which follows the Loch Earn shoreline. The birds were singing and spring was in the air. The weather on Tuesday had been clear skies with blazing sunshine so I wondered if I was going to get a tad sunburnt today, but alas I was sadly mistaken. The weather had turned. It was nice and clear below the hills but around approximately 500m there was a heavy layer of mist consuming all within. I thought to myself that as I progressed the mist would surely lift and the sun would come shining through but this was not to be the case. The tarmac road runs all the way to Ardvorlich and beyond and the distance to Ardvorlich from St Fillan, where walkers usually park their cars, is approximately 8kms. I was walking at quite a good pace and reckoned this part of the journey would take me 1 hour. As I neared Ardvorlich a Landrover and trailer combination, which had passed me in the opposite direction earlier, pulled up beside me with the driver winding down his window. He said "you are surely tanking along". Ha ha "wait till you see me struggling later" I said. We had a chat about the walk and he shook his head saying "why don't you wait till you can see the route. You won't see nothing up there today". And, ironically, after wishing me a fine day he drove on. He had a point though. I had planned this route a while ago and had already one failed attempt at it in the snow this year. The sunny weather of yesterday had given false hope about the possible weather conditions and here I was. Should I stop? Would you? I think it takes a lot to stop us walkers. If I was to wait for good weather for my walks then I would never have finished my Munro round. Mind you a walk of this nature in the clag is not always a good idea but hey ho as they say. This was the day and this was the hour and all that. As I reached the hump back bridge over the Ardvorlich burn there were two cars parked up with walkers getting ready for their Munro fix. I spoke to the lady, I think she spoke with a French accent, briefly and her walk for the day was to be Ben Vorlich. I nodded to the chap and continued on my way. Turning Left off the main track and then taking a Right turn in front of the cottages and then a Left turn in front of Advorlich house, the route clearly signposted at this point. The track meanders along the side of the burn climbing as it goes. After approximately 1.5km the track splits. The right hand fork is the route to Ben Vorlich so I take a Left and continue on my way. After another kilometer or so and crossing a large wooden bridge the track arrives at a couple of wiers. From here on the track, still an ATV track, is a bit overgrown but can still be followed into the hillside. The terrain is lumpy for want of a better description and the ATV track starts to head of in the direction of Beinn Domhnuill. I arrived at a large boulder and noticed a steel flask standing upright on top. There was no one around and when I opened the flask it contained cold tea. I decided to remove the flask from the hillside and later I will raise a post on the lost items forum on Walkhighlands. So after stowing the flask in my rucksack, I continue up the Glen for a bit then decide to take a direct route heading Slightly South of East ascending to the beallach below Beinn Domhnuill. At this point I enter the clag. It is also raining very lightly so I stop to put my waterproof

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s on. Meal na Fearna is just under 1km away in a Southeasterly direction but I can't see more than maybe 15 metres in any direction. Its a bit debilitating but I have two gps devices with me and a compass. I normally take a map but on this occasion I didn't have one with me. Forgetting the gps location and route identification capabilities of my devices, each of them have full maps on display so it is just as easy to take an approximate compass bearing from them should I not have a gps signal. And unlike maps they are both fully waterproof. If both were to fail I just need to walk North to get back to Loch Earn. But as usual the gps signal was strong and and an accurate fix on my position was evident. There are some large peat hags on this beallach and they took a bit of meandering to get through. In the process I found myself off course, heading East on a couple of occasions and had to correct my route. However once I started the final ascent up to Meall na Fearna it was pretty much plain sailing and I was soon at the summit. I had allowed 3 hours to get from St Fillan to Meall na Fearna summit and I arrived here 20 minutes ahead of schedule. It was a little bit windy on top so I take a bearing West and head down the pathless hillside. Its approximately 1km to the base of the Glen dropping 250m and the hillside is not very steep. In fact this would make a good alternative ascent to this Corbett.. It doesn't take long to arrive back in the Glen and I stop for a good break and have some lunch. Cheese and Ham sandwich, some chocolate and some chocolate raisins, a favourite hill food of mine. My route now is to head directly West climbing a steep 300m up the East flank of Ben Vorlich then join the South East ridge for the final 150m of ascent to the summit. The rain had stopped so I removed my waterproof trousers before ascending as I figured I was going to get pretty hot during the ascent. I came across a couple of rocky crags but it was easy enough to find a route through them. There are two summits to Ben Vorlich, East and West about 20m apart with the trig point on the West summit the recognised top. I arrived at the East summit to be greeted by the two walkers I had met at the car parking area. They may have walked in together and had decided to walk to the second summit just in case it was higher. After a brief chat I continued to the trig point to stop and have more refreshments. I had planned on getting to this point in 4 hours and I was pleased to see that I was pretty much on schedule. Unfortunately the clag had not lifted and the only thing in view was the trig point. After a minute or two the lady came past and headed into a large steep snowfield on the North face making her way down the mountain. I could hear the other walker talking loudly so I think he was talking on the phone. It then went quiet and peace and tranquility returned. My next target was Stuc a Chroin and I was soon on my way. There is a well eroded path that descends the steep South West face of Ben Vorlich so I could put my mind in neutral and tab on. Care has to be taken but its not too bad. The distance between the summits is just under 2km and the path is well worn. That is until I started to ascend Creag Chassain to get to the North top of Stuc a Chroin. Just as the path starts a steep ascent there was a large snow field. I didnt want to walk on it and decided to go over the large rocks on the left side. The path was now no where to be seen so I decided just to ascend directly up the prow of the crags. The rock was wet and a bit slippy and it wasn't one of my best decisions but I had never been up this side of Stuc a Chroin and thought to myself "How hard could it be" hahaha. After a few scary moments I was at the North top with a small cairn. It was now an easy walk to the summit of Stuc a Chroin and again I was on schedule, 5 hours from St Fillan. My final summit of the day was to be Beinn Each. I realised that this was

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Supplementary MaterialsSupplementary Body 1. degenerating neurons of sufferers with and mouse Don Martinez June 17, 2019 My Blog Supplementary MaterialsSupplementary Body 1. degenerating neurons of sufferers with and mouse types of polyglutamine disease.11, 12 We make reference to this cell loss of life process seeing that linker cell-type cell loss of life (LCD). LCD in is certainly unaffected by mutations preventing BMS-650032 cell signaling apoptosis, necrosis or autophagy.7, 13, 14 Similarly, LCD morphology is exhibited by some dying vertebrate cells carrying mutations in caspases/caspase regulators.4, 15 So, LCD represents a book non-apoptotic cell loss of life plan. Three regulatory modules promote LCD starting point in (Supplementary Body S1). In a single component, two opposing Wnt ligands, EGL-20/Wnt and LIN-44/Wnt, promote and inhibit LCD, respectively, and are detected by different transduction machineries within the cell.16 A second module, consisting of heterochronic developmental timing pathway gene products, including the transcription factor LIN-29, works in parallel to Wnt signaling.16 A third module, consisting of the scaffold protein TIR-1/Sarm, the mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase (MAPKK) SEK-1, and the glutamine-rich protein PQN-41,17, 18 also promotes LCD in parallel to the Wnt and LIN-29 pathways.16 Importantly, mouse and Sarm mutations BMS-650032 cell signaling block axon distal segment degeneration following axotomy,19 suggesting that this protein's function in non-apoptotic cell death may be conserved. All three LCD modules function upstream of or in parallel to the heat-shock factor 1 (HSF-1) transcription aspect. Although HSF-1 can protect cells from stressors,20 it really is necessary for LCD by inducing appearance from the conserved E2 ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme Permit-70/UBE2D2 (Supplementary Body S1). Various other ubiquitin proteasome program (UPS) elements, including E3 ligase elements BMS-650032 cell signaling CUL-3, RBX-1, SIAH-1 and BTBD-2, are necessary for LCD also.16 To recognize additional transcriptional regulators of LCD that function with HSF-1, we performed a genome-wide RNA interference display screen and analyzed candidate gene mutations. Right here, we characterize the jobs of four transcriptional regulators. We present that NOB-1/Hox and EOR-1/PLZF are needed cell for loss of life autonomously, which both work as area of the Wnt signaling component managing LCD onset. We also present that Tailless/TLX-related NHR-67 features cell autonomously in the linker cell and provides two different actions: one promotes LCD upstream of HSF-1, as well as the various other prevents precocious appearance of Permit-70/UBE2D2. Finally, we demonstrate the fact that Place-16/MLL3/4 H3K4 methyl transferase, and also other the different parts of this complicated, features as well as or downstream of HSF-1 to regulate Permit-70/UBE2D2 cell and appearance loss of life. Our outcomes support the construction for LCD for the reason that we defined previously,16 uncover conserved proteins that function to market LCD and demonstrate that transcription elements control LCD at distinctive levels. IGFIR Outcomes NOB-1/Hox features in Wnt signaling to market LCD The linker cell dies simply anterior towards the male tail, where Wnt signals regulating LCD are expressed particularly. We wondered whether various other confined cues might control cell loss of life spatially. Hox genes are expressed in restricted domains throughout metazoans spatially. We examined whether mutations in five midbody/posterior Hox genes result in inappropriately surviving linker cells. As shown in Physique 1a

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, mutations in and do not affect LCD. A strong is not expressed in the linker cell,21, 22, 23 and mutant males exhibit disorganized tails,24, 25 suggesting an indirect role in LCD. However, 31% of is the main Hox gene required for LCD. (b) NOB-1::GFP is usually expressed in both migrating (left) and dying (right) linker cells. (c) is not required for expression of a functions upstream of or in parallel to the Wnt signaling pathways required for LCD. (e) and are not required for expression. (f) is required for promoter. Three impartial is required for LCD, that this NOB-1B isoform is likely functional and that NOB-1 functions cell autonomously. To further examine the NOB-1 site of action, we followed expression of a 15-kb genomic transgene, made up of the locus fused. Supplementary MaterialsFigure S1: Changes in pyrimidine biosynthetic enzymes gene expression with Supplementary MaterialsFigure S1: Changes in pyrimidine biosynthetic enzymes gene expression with induction of MYC in HO. determine by microarray analysis. Blue line: without 4-OHT; Red line: with 4-OHT. Solid line: average over replicates, Dashed line:single replicates. Time points 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8,10,12,16, 20 and a day [35].(1.41 MB TIF) pone.0002722.s002.tif (1.3M) GUID:?19ABF768-FA84-43B8-8117-91F934551110 Figure S3: IMPDH1 and IMPDH2 are directly attentive to MYC induction. (A) Myc binding to focus on genes in P493-6 cells Perampanel tyrosianse inhibitor pursuing MYC induction was assessed. An immunoblot is showed with the inset of Myc appearance in P493-6 cells withdrawn Perampanel tyrosianse inhibitor from tetracycline. ChIP was performed with P493-6 cells at different period factors (0 hr, 6 hr, 10hr, and 26 hr) after drawback of tetracycline. Beliefs reveal the percentage of total insight DNA. (B) Myc induces IMPDH1 or IMPDH2 Perampanel tyrosianse inhibitor appearance that correlates immediate Myc binding to these genes. Club graphs represent mRNA appearance of every nucleotide synthesis gene in accordance with 18S rRNA control as dependant on real-time PCR Perampanel tyrosianse inhibitor in P493-6 cells.(1.07 MB TIF) pone.0002722.s003.tif (1.0M) GUID:?E39A0A4C-AE96-4EBF-A434-02DBB1B7DFCB Desk S1: Response of nucleotide biosynthetic genes to MYC(0.06 MB DOC) pone.0002722.s004.doc (54K) GUID:?D954EB0F-3414-4970-9A0F-103E797812EF Desk S2: Primers useful for real-time PCR assays(0.06 MB DOC) pone.0002722.s005.doc (63K) GUID:?0CFCD95A-ECDD-4D81-B064-789DE0798D3A Desk S3: Primers useful for ChIP assays(0.04 MB DOC) pone.0002722.s006.doc (36K) GUID:?4E607C6B-3789-4A37-8E36-0A3617

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28873F Abstract History The c-Myc transcription aspect is a get good at regulator and integrates cell proliferation, cell growth and fat burning capacity through activating a large number of focus on genes. Our identification of direct c-Myc target genes by chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) coupled with pair-end ditag sequencing analysis (ChIP-PET) revealed that nucleotide metabolic genes are enriched among c-Myc targets, but the role of Myc in regulating nucleotide metabolic genes has not been comprehensively delineated. Methodology/Principal Findings Here, we report that the majority of genes in human purine and pyrimidine biosynthesis pathway were induced and directly bound by c-Myc in the P493-6 human Burkitt's lymphoma model cell line. The majority of these genes were also responsive to the ligand-activated Myc-estrogen receptor fusion protein, Myc-ER, in a Myc null rat fibroblast cell line, HO.15 MYC-ER. Furthermore, these targets are also responsive to Myc activation in transgenic mouse livers in vivo. To determine the functional significance of c-Myc regulation of nucleotide metabolism, we sought to determine the effect of loss of function of direct Myc targets inosine monophosphate dehydrogenases (IMPDH1 and IMPDH2) on c-Myc-induced cell growth and proliferation. In this regard, we used a specific IMPDH inhibitor mycophenolic acid (MPA) and found that MPA dramatically inhibits c-Myc-induced P493-6 cell proliferation through S-phase arrest and SCDO3 apoptosis. Conclusions/Significance Taken together, these results demonstrate the direct induction of nucleotide metabolic genes by c-Myc in multiple systems. Our finding of an S-phase arrest in cells with diminished IMPDH activity suggests that nucleotide pool balance is essential for c-Myc's orchestration of DNA replication, such that uncoupling of these two processes create DNA replication stress and apoptosis. Introduction MYC, which encodes the c-Myc (herein termed Myc) Perampanel tyrosianse inhibitor transcription factor, is frequently altered in human cancers [1]C[3]. A compilation of Myc regulated genes and studies on alterations of MYC in human cancers are available on-line at www.myccancergene.org [4]. This compilation highlights the critical role of MYC in human cancers and the importance of Myc target genes in mediating its oncogenic activity. The causal role of MYC in tumorigenesis is usually underscored by the tumors due to its ectopic appearance in various tissue of transgenic mice [5]C[9]. After initial research demonstrating that compelled appearance of MYC in lymphoid tissue led to lymphoid hyperplasia and lymphomas, practically all various other research of constitutive or inducible MYC in tissue from epidermis to liver led to neoplastic transformation from the targeted tissues. Research with these versions have also uncovered that MYC mediated tumorigenesis contains the concurrent activation of cell development and proliferation along. Supplementary Materials SUPPLEMENTARY DATA supp_44_3_1342__index. Our results lend strong support to Supplementary Materials SUPPLEMENTARY DATA supp_44_3_1342__index. Our results lend strong support to the lately rising conception that individual mt tRNAs can take part in book cytoplasmic processes indie from mitochondrial proteins synthesis. Launch Polypyrimidine tract-binding proteins (PTB or PTBP1) can be an abundant multifunctional RNA-binding proteins implicated in a variety of aspects of mobile mRNA metabolism, including pre-mRNA polyadenylation and splicing, mRNA export, balance and translation initiation (1,2). PTB holds four RNA reputation motifs (RRM1 to RRM4) with specific RNA-binding properties (3,4). Individual PTB provides two paralogs, nPT

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B (PTBP2) and Fishing rod1 (PTBP3), which as opposed to the portrayed PTB, accumulate within a tissue-restricted way fairly. nPTB displays the most effective accumulation in human brain, testis and muscle, while Fishing rod1 is certainly portrayed in hematopoietic cells (5 preferentially,6). Tubastatin A HCl tyrosianse inhibitor PTB is certainly a nucleocytoplasmic shuttle proteins with predominant nucleoplasmic deposition (7,8). The main function of nuclear PTB is within managing substitute exon selection during pre-mRNA splicing (1,9). Through binding to CU-rich exonic or intronic pre-mRNA sequences, PTB induces exon often missing or much less, exon inclusion depending on the actual sequence context (10C12). PTB has been also proposed to modulate pre-mRNA 3 end processing and polyadenylation upon binding to 3 UTR sequences (13). In the cytoplasm, PTB has a well-documented role in promoting internal ribosome entry site (IRES)-mediated mRNA translation initiation (14). PTB is considered to be a general IRES trans-acting factor that binds to specific structures in the 5 untranslated region (UTR) of mRNAs and promotes recruitment of the translation initiation machinery to IRESs (15). PTB promotes IRES-mediated translation of both viral Tubastatin A HCl tyrosianse inhibitor and cellular mRNAs under stress conditions, including viral contamination and apoptosis, which inhibit cap-dependent translation initiation (2). Through binding to the 3 UTR of mRNAs, PTB can control the cytoplasmic stability and localization of mRNAs (16C18) or it can regulate mRNA translation through promoting or suppressing microRNA (miRNA) binding (19C21). Mitochondria are essential membrane-bound cytoplasmic organelles which produce cellular ATP by oxidative phosphorylation and control intrinsic apoptosis. The human mitochondrial genome encodes 13 mitochondrial proteins dedicated to oxidative phosphorylation, two mitochondrial rRNAs (12S and 16S) and the minimal set of 22 mitochondrial tRNAs (mt tRNAs) necessary and sufficient for mitochondrial protein synthesis (22). In other eukaryotes, the mitochondrial genomes frequently lack a few or sometimes most tRNA genes. Moreover, the mitochondrial DNAs of certain species are even completely devoid of tRNA genes. In these cases, mitochondrial protein synthesis is supported by nuclear-encoded tRNAs imported from the cytoplasm (reviewed in (23,24). Interestingly, it has been found that human cytoplasmic (cyt) tRNAGln and yeast cyt tRNALys are efficiently imported into the mitochondria, albeit both human and yeast mitochondria encode the complete set of mt tRNAs required for mitochondrial protein synthesis (25C27). This suggests that the molecular mechanism supporting mitochondrial importation of cyt tRNAs is usually preserved during evolution. Although the major function of mt tRNAs is in mitochondrial protein synthesis, recent observations have raised the intriguing possibility that mt tRNAs might play novel, unforeseen roles in the cytoplasm highly. First, individual argonaute-2 (Ago2) proteins, an essential component Tubastatin A HCl tyrosianse inhibitor from the RNA-induced silencing complicated (RISC), continues to be reported to particularly connect to mt tRNAMet exported in to the cytoplasm (28). Tubastatin A HCl tyrosianse inhibitor Recently, individual mt tRNAs have already been demonstrated to take part in managing apoptosis in the cytosol (29). Intrinsic apoptotic indicators promote mitochondrial membrane permeabilization release a mitochondrial pro-apoptotic protein, like the apoptosome activator cytochrome (Cyt and Tubastatin A H

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Cl tyrosianse inhibitor stop its relationship using the cytoplasmic protease activating aspect 1 (Apaf-1) to be able to inhibit Apaf-1-mediated caspase activation and apoptosis (29). Hence, mt IL5RA tRNAs become harmful regulators of apoptosis (31). Right here, we demonstrate that individual polypyrimidine tract-binding protein PTB, nPTB and Fishing rod1 bind with great performance and specificity to mt tRNAThr in a variety of individual and mouse cell lines. Through making use of its RRM2 and RRM1 domains, PTB forms a primary relationship using the T-loop as well as the D-stem-loop parts of mt tRNAThr. We also demonstrate that PTB and mt tRNAThr relationship takes place in the cytoplasm beyond mitochondria which is increased upon induction of apoptosis. Thus, besides providing support to the emerging view that mt tRNAs may possess novel cytoplasmic functions, our results also point to a possible role of PTB. The spindle checkpoint means that newly born cells receive one copy The spindle checkpoint means that newly born cells receive one copy of every chromosome by preventing chromosomes from segregating until all of them are correctly mounted on the spindle. we inhibited chromatin extend by tethering sister chromatids jointly by binding a tetrameric type of the Lac repressor to arrays from the Lac operator situated on either aspect of the centromere. Inhibiting chromatin extend didn't activate the spindle checkpoint; these cells got into anaphase at the same time as control cells that exhibit a dimeric edition from the Lac repressor, which cannot mix hyperlink chromatids, and cells whose checkpoint continues to be inactivated. There is absolutely no prominent checkpoint inhibition when sister kinetochores are kept jointly: cells expressing PNU-100766 tyrosianse inhibitor the tetrameric Lac repressor still arrest in response to microtubule-depolymerizing medications. Tethering chromatids will not disrupt kinetochore function together; chromosomes are segregated to contrary poles from the spindle successfully. Our outcomes indicate how the spindle checkpoint will not monitor inter-kinetochore parting, assisting the hypothesis that tension can be assessed inside the kinetochore thus. Author Overview The spindle checkpoint screens Rabbit polyclonal to FABP3 pressure on chromosomes to tell apart between chromosomes that are properly and incorrectly mounted on the spindle. Pressure can be generated across a properly attached chromosome as microtubules from opposing poles put on and draw kinetochores aside, but are resisted from the cohesin that keeps sister chromatids collectively. This pressure generates parting between kinetochores as pericentric chromatin exercises looked after elongates the kinetochores. To monitor pressure, the separation could possibly be measured from the checkpoint between kinetochores or the stretch within them. We inhibited the power of pericentric chromatin to extend by tethering sister centromeres to one another, and we asked if the resulting decrease in inter-kinetochore separation activated the spindle checkpoint artificially. Inhibiting inter-kinetochore parting does not hold off anaphase, and the timing of mitosis was the same in cells with or without the spindle checkpoint, showing that the checkpoint is not activated. Inhibiting chromatin stretch does not alter the function of kinetochores as chromosomes are still segregated correctly, nor does it hinder the checkpoint. Cells PNU-100766 tyrosianse inhibitor whose sister kinetochores are held together can still activate the checkpoint in response to PNU-100766 tyrosianse inhibitor microtubule depolymerization. Our results indicate the spindle checkpoint does not monitor inter-kinetochore separation and likely monitors tension within kinetochores. Introduction Faithful chromosome segregation is essential. Mistakes lead to aneuploidy [1], cancer PNU-100766 tyrosianse inhibitor progression [2], and birth defects [3]. To ensure proper division of chromosom

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es, eukaryotes have evolved the spindle checkpoint, which monitors the kinetochore, a large multi-protein complex that assembles on centromeric DNA and attaches microtubules to chromosomes. In allele that inhibits mitotic exit [27]. Cells were synchronized in G1 with alpha factor, raised to the restrictive temperature, washed and released at the restrictive temperature to arrest cells in anaphase (Figure 3A). Cells were collected for scoring three hours after release from their G1 arrest, allowing cells to proceed to and arrest in anaphase as previously described [9], [27], [28]. Cells were stained with DAPI to confirm their arrest. Anaphase cells are large-budded and have DNA masses in each cell (Figure 3B); 991.5% of cells scored displayed this morphology. Correct segregation of the GFP-LacI bound chromosome was scored by the presence of one GFP dot in each mother and daughter cell, and mis-segregation was scored by one cell possessing both copies of the chromosome (two GFP dots in one cell) (Figure 3C). As a control, the segregation of GFP-labeled Chromosome III was also measured in cells with a conditional centromere. The promoter was placed upstream of promoter disrupts centromere function and the chromosome is mis-segregated a high frequency [29]. Just like previous research using the conditional centromere [28], we discovered that 961% of cells cultivated in glucose properly segregated the chromosome, but right segregation occurred in mere 416% of cells cultivated in galactose (Shape 3E). The current presence of tetrameric Lac repressor. microRNAs (miRNAs) are little, non-coding RNAs which have been proven to microRNAs (miRNAs) are little, non-coding RNAs which have been proven to play a crucial function in regular physiology and disease, such as hematopoietic development and malignancy. in vivo practical result of mast cell-specific Rabbit Polyclonal to EDG3 Dicer deletion using an IgE-dependent passive systemic anaphylaxis (PSA) murine model. IgE sensitized crazy type and heterozygous mice display designated hypothermia with antigen; however, homozygous mice were completely unresponsive to antigen challenge. These studies suggest a critical part for Dicer and miRNA manifestation for establishment of cells compartments of practical mast cells in vivo. Intro Mast cells are essential effectors of allergic and inflammatory reactions [1]. They also participate in normal innate immune reactions to bacteria and parasites [2]. Dysregulated proliferation of mast cells manifest in diseases that range from harmless cutaneous mastocytosis to mast cell leukemia [3]. They derive from hematopoietic stem cells in the bone tissue marrow, however they migrate and have a home in the connective tissues of epidermis, lung, and gastrointestinal system mucosa. Regular mast cell advancement is Fisetin kinase activity assay dependent on the network of transcription elements [4] which organize the appearance of vital gene goals. The function of epigenetic regulators of gene appearance in mast cells, such as for example miRNAs, is not studied thoroughly. miRNAs are little, non-coding RNA nucleotides, about 18 to 24 bottom pairs in proportions, and so are portrayed inside a tissue-specific and developmentally-regulated fashion. They function primarily as bad regulators of protein manifestation. The RNase III endonuclease, Dicer, is necessary for adult, double-stranded miRNAs. Inhibition of Dicer by RNAi or gene focusing on results in global depletion of miRNA manifestation [5,6]. miRNA profiling experiments have recognized the expression pattern of miRNAs in bone marrow derived mast cells (BMMC) during development [7,8]. Our group previously recognized the miR-381 and miR-539 cluster that regulates Mitf manifestation in response to c-Kit signaling [9]. Various other researchers

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show assignments for miRNAs in cell routine proliferation and legislation, aswell simply because degranulation and apoptosis [10C13]. Global depletion of miRNAs through deletion of Dicer function continues to Fisetin kinase activity assay be demonstrated to possess critical assignments in regular differentiation and function of myeloid cells such as for example neutrophils, macrophages, and dendritic cells [14C16]. The function of global depletion of miRNA in mast cells is normally yet unexplored. To be able to address this relevant issue, we produced mice using a mast cell-selective deletion of Dicer by crossing the mice had been extracted from the Jackson Lab (Club Harbor Me personally) and previously defined [5]. Both of these strains are on the C57BL/6 history. Six to 12 week previous mice had been used to acquire splenocytes and bone tissue marrow and had been also employed for the anaphylaxis tests. Mice had been preserved in the Johns Hopkins University or college Animal Facilities in strict accordance with institutional recommendations. All experiments were authorized by the Johns Hopkins University or college Animal Care and Use Committee. Passive systemic anaphylaxis (PSA) and active systemic anaphylaxis (ASA) The passive and active systemic anaphylaxis experiments were previously explained [19]. For passive systemic anaphylaxis, mice were given 10 ug of anti-DNP IgE and were challenged 24 hours later with 1 mg of DNP-HAS antigen (Sigma-Aldrich, St Louis) intravenously. For active systemic anaphylaxis, mice were immunized by intraperitoneal injection of 50 mcg OVA mixed with 1 mg Alum and challenged 2 weeks later on by 1 mg OVA intravenously. For both passive and active anaphylaxis models, body temperature and medical scores, including survival were recorded every 10 Fisetin kinase activity assay minutes up to 90 moments after challenge. The t-test was utilized for analysis of body temperature change and clinical scores. The log-rank (Mantel-Cox) test (chi-square) was used for survival analysis. At the completion of the passive and active anaphylaxis experiments, mice were euthanized with a combination of Ketamine/Xylazine (400 mg/40 mg/kg) given intraperitoneally. Quantification of tissue mast cells Indicated tissues from mice of different genotypes were harvested and fixed in 10% buffered formalin, sectioned and stained with 0.5% toluidine blue (Sigma Aldrich, St. Louis, MO). For each sample, mast cells, as identified by the presence of metachromatic granules stained by toluidine blue. 5 to 10 fields were counted under 50X magnification. Average numbers of mast cells in a given field are represented. For identification of mast cells in the peritoneal cavity, peritoneal fluid was obtained by lavage, cytospined, and stained with Wright giemsa. Total cells and mast cell percentage were determined by counting cells from 5 to 10 fields under 50X magnification. Results and. The recent identification of colon cancer tumor-initiating cells adds further support The recent identification of colon cancer tumor-initiating cells adds further support to the cancer stem cell hypothesis. cells, is definitely a cell division in which one or both of the resulting daughter cells remains undifferentiated, retaining the ability to give rise to another stem cell with the same capacity to proliferate as the parental cell [1,2]. In addition to self-renewal, stem cells have the capacity to differentiate, generating cells in each organ. Cancer stem cells are defined by similar characteristics, mainly their abilities to self-renew, a characteristic that drives tumorigenesis, and to (aberrantly) differentiate, a property that generates the bulk of cells within a tumor. These self-renewing cancer stem cells might constitute only a small fraction of the cells within a tumor, with the bulk of the tumor composed of more differentiated cells that lack self-renewal capacity. The landmark discoveries described in Refs

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[3,4] substantiated these hypotheses for leukemia. To identify the leukemic stem cell, the authors provided the proof that leukemia was reconstituted even in sublethally irradiated mice with leukemic cells expressing markers that are also found in normal hematopoietic stem cells, including CD34+CD38? and CKIT+. Furthermore, repopulation studies revealed evidence of self-renewal in these leukemic stem cells. With these markers, and further robust enrichment by described by others [5,6], the stage was set to determine whether solid organ malignancies also possessed such tumor-initiating cells, or cancer stem cells. In addition to the property of self-renewal, cancer stem cells might also be relatively resistant to commonly used cancer therapies, such as radiation and chemotherapy. Indeed, evidence for such a subpopulation of chemotherapy- and radiation-therapy-resistant cancer stem cells has been described in brain cancers and breast cancers [7,8]. These studies use both and animal model systems. In addition, recent evidence for the existence of chemotherapy-resistant cancer stem cells has been directly generated from neoadjuvant studies of human breast cancer [8]. In total, these studies give strong support for the cancer stem cell hypothesis and suggest that improved outcomes of therapies might require targeting of this crucial cancer stem cell population. Colon cancer stem cells are found in primary colon Il6 cancer Three recent studies provide evidence for the existence of colon cancer tumor-initiating cells, or colon cancer stem cells in known colon cancer. Adapting techniques used in the prospective identification of human breast cancer stem cells, flow cytometric analysis was employed to identify cells with surface markers that might correlate using the stem cell tumorigenic phenotype. In the 1st two of the articles, Compact disc133 was used to recognize the cells that got tumor-initiating potential. In a single research, OBrien used Compact disc133 and isolated cells from seven major digestive tract malignancies and ten extracolonic (metastatic) sites [9]. The tumorigenic cells had been put into the renal capsule of NOD/SCID (nonobese diabetic/severe mixed immunodeficiency) mice. The percentages of Compact disc133+ cells in the tumorigenic populations ranged from 3.2C24.5%, whereas in the coordinating normal tissues, the percentage of CD133+ cells ranged from 0.4C2.1%. The next research also used Compact disc133 like a marker to recognize and isolate cancer of the colon tumor-initiating cells [10]. Bortezomib kinase activity assay In this scholarly study, these cells had been perpetuated as floating colonies, or tumor spheres, that have been enriched inside a tumorigenic human population and taken care of in serial passages. The CD133+ spheres generated a variety of CD133 and CD133+? populations, which just the Compact disc133+ human population was tumorigenic. This demonstrates the pluripotent potential of the subpopulation. Inside a third research, Dalerba employed Compact disc44 and epithelial surface area antigen (ESA) as stem-cell-specific markers, with further enrichment supplied by Compact disc166 [11]. As with the breast tumor model, cancer of the colon xenografts had been dissociated as well as the putative digestive tract cancer-initiating cells had been isolated by movement cytometry and injected into NOD/SCID hosts. In each full case, just Bortezomib kinase activity assay 200C500 cells had been had a need to reconstitute a tumor, which resembled the initial resected Bortezomib kinase activity assay cancer of the colon phenotypically. In comparison, as much as ten thousand. Supplementary MaterialsSUP FIG 1. physiology of FVIII production and secretion. evidence Supplementary MaterialsSUP FIG 1. physiology of FVIII production and secretion. evidence that FVIII mRNA is present in a variety of tissue through the entire physical body.(Lenting et al., 1998; Wu et al., 2009) Furthermore, the power of endothelial cells to

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co-store FVIII with von Willebrand Aspect (VWF), previously referred to as Aspect VIII-related antigen (FVIIIR:Ag), works with a job for these cells being a releasable storage space pool for FVIII. Nevertheless, the possibility is available that various other cell types present through the entire body which have not really been clearly discovered (Doering et al., 2002; Ragni and Lamont, 2005; Xu et al., 2005), can contribute also, if at smaller sized amounts also, to circulating FVIII. Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSC) have already been isolated from a number of tissue including bone tissue marrow, liver organ, lung, spleen, skeletal muscles, kidney, human brain and thymus (analyzed in (Bianco et al., 2008; Almeida-Porada and Porada, 2010)). A lot of MSC inside the physical is thought to have a home in and are based on the perivascular specific niche market,(Crisan et al., 2008; Sacchetti et al., 2007; Gronthos and Shi, 2003; Zannettino et al., 2008) a spot that could allow these cells to secrete FVIII into flow. Nevertheless, to your knowledge, no-one provides ever reported over the innate capability of the cells expressing FVIII. We hypothesized that MSC, present through the entire body and seated in best perivascular places ubiquitously, could constitute another putative way to obtain FVIII production. Many markers have already been used to recognize and isolate MSC from bone tissue marrow and various other tissue. (Caplan and Bruder, 2001) Between the many reported, Stro-1(Caplan and Bruder, 2001; Torok-Storb and Simmons, 1991) is able to select populations of human being MSC from your bone marrow as well as from several other cells (examined in (Porada and Almeida-Porada, 2010)). Here, we demonstrate for the first time, to our knowledge, that populations of MSC isolated from human being lung, liver, mind, and bone marrow based on Stro-1 positivity communicate RNA and secrete practical FVIII protein, and that this protein is not stored within the cell, but is definitely released into the tradition supernatant. NVP-BGJ398 tyrosianse inhibitor MATERIALS AND METHODS Isolation and tradition of Human being MSCs Heparinized NVP-BGJ398 tyrosianse inhibitor human being BM was from healthy donors after educated consent relating to recommendations from the Office of Human Study Protection in the University or college of Nevada at Reno. Human being fetal bone, liver, lung, and mind were purchased from Advanced Bioscience Resources (Alameda, CA). Four different donors were used for each tissue. Stro-1+/CD45- MSC were isolated, cultured expanded, and confirmed to meet the criteria of MSC by circulation cytometric analysis and differentiation into bone, cartilage, and adipocytes, as previously described (Airey et al., 2004; Chamberlain et al., 2007; Colletti et NVP-BGJ398 tyrosianse inhibitor al., 2009). Briefly, Stro-1+ CD45- MSC isolated from the different tissues were maintained on gelatin-coated flasks using MSC growth media (MSCGM, Lonza, Walkersville, MD) in a humidified 37C incubator at 5% CO2. Culture of Human Hepatic Sinusoidal Endothelial Cells (HHSEC) and Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells (HUVEC) HUVEC were purchased from Lonza, and grown in EGM-2 culture media (Lonza, Walkersville, Hoxa10 MD as per vendor instruction. Hepatic Sinusoidal Endothelial Cells (HHSEC) were purchased from Science Cell Research Laboratories and grown in endothelial cell media (ECM) (Science Cell

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Research Laboratories , Carlsbad CA). Activated partial thromboplastin time. Supplementary Components1. in weight problems. The amount of adult adipocytes in Supplementary Components1. in weight problems. The amount of adult adipocytes in white adipose cells (WAT) of adults can be tightly controlled, despite their continual turnover5. PU-H71 tyrosianse inhibitor As adult adipocytes are post-mitotic6, 7, modification in adipocyte quantity happens via disruption of the total amount between prices of adipogenesis and adipocyte loss of life. Therefore, characterization from the adipocyte cellular lineage is necessary for mechanistic knowledge of WAT development and homeostasis. Different methods have already been utilized to review adipocyte precursors ex lover and in vivo vivo. One common technique is to tradition the complete stromal-vascular small fraction (SVF) from adipose cells and choose cell populations by their adherence to plastic8, 9. The cells derived from this method are referred to as preadipocytes or adipocyte-derived stem cells. However, these cells have not been shown to have de novo adipogenic capacity in vivo and their relationship to adipocyte lineage cells in vivo is not known. Alternatively, several groups used fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) in a prospective approach to identify adipogenic cell populations from various tissues1, 10-12. Two cell populations derived from WAT, defined by the marker profiles Lin?:CD34+:CD29+:Sca-1+:CD24+ (CD24+) PU-H71 tyrosianse inhibitor and Lin?:CD34+:CD29+:Sca-1+:CD24? (CD24? ), are adipogenic in vitro but only the CD24+ population is capable of generating a functional WAT depot upon transplantation into a residual WAT depot of lipodystrophic mice1, indicating that the CD24+ population contains adipocyte progenitors. Cells with similar marker profiles have already been been shown to be adipogenic inside the skeletal and epidermis10 muscle tissue11. Hereditary approaches have already been utilized to research the adipocyte mobile lineage also. A PU-H71 tyrosianse inhibitor previous research showed, through crossing mice into reporter lines that exhibit cytoplasmic GFP and -galactosidase, that brands mature adipocytes2, 13, recommending an endothelial origins for white adipocytes as brands endothelial lineages14. Nevertheless, for research of WAT the mobile specificity of reporters that stain the cytoplasm is certainly challenging to delineate provided the paucity of cytoplasm in older adipocytes as well as the high vascularity of WAT. To get over this restriction, we utilized a mouse strain harboring a fluorescent Cmembrane dTomato/membrane eGFP (mice demonstrates GFP expression in mature adipocytes of all WAT depots assayed, with no GFP fluorescence in the absence of Cre expression, indicating that the reporter model is appropriate for PU-H71 tyrosianse inhibitor lineage tracing of mature adipocytes (Fig. 1a and Supplemental Fig. 1a). Flow cytometry analysis of the SVF from models (Supplemental Fig. 2a) demonstrates that this model is also suitable for the study of potential precursor populations. However, flow RBBP3 cytometry analysis of WAT shows there are no GFP+ cells in the SVF (Fig. 1c, Supplemental Fig. 1b), indicating that the promoter is not active in immature adipocyte lineage cells and thus, mice are not useful for identification of adipocyte precursors in adult WAT. Open in a separate window Physique 1 Adipocytes are derived from PdgfR+ precursor cells in subcutaneous WAT. (a) Confocal images of whole-mounted SWAT from indicated 4-week aged Cre:male mice (red: membrane-targeted PU-H71 tyrosianse in

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hibitor dTomato; green: membrane-targeted eGFP, indicating Cre excision of dTomato). (b) Confocal images of membrane targeted eGFP and Isolectin GS-IB4 Alexa Fluor 647 staining endothelial cells of SWAT. (c) Quantification of flow cytometry analysis of SVF populations from indicated 4-week. Metastatic disease may be the major reason behind fatalities in cancer Metastatic disease may be the major reason behind fatalities in cancer individuals, but few therapies are made to target the metastatic process. model program (Cooke et al. 2012), which is foreseeable P7C3-A20 kinase activity assay that macrophages may enhance metastasis via this system, than via an enhance in the amount of vessels rather. However, it has yet to become analyzed experimentally. VEGF-A appearance with a subset of vascular-associated macrophages expressing Link2 in addition has been shown to market cancers cell intravasation by raising the permeability from the endothelium (Harney et al. 2015). This is apparently true in sufferers as well, as the colocalization of macrophages, tumor cells and endothelial cells is usually associated with breast cancer patients that develop systemic, but not lymph node metastasis (Robinson et al. 2009). This P7C3-A20 kinase activity assay Tie2+ macrophage populace may be responsible for many of the angiogenic phenotypes associated with the general macrophage populace. Critically, neutralizing angiopoietin 2 C the ligand for Tie2 C reduces the association of macrophages with the vasculature and diminishes pulmonary metastasis (Mazzieri et al. 2011). This includes inhibiting the afterwards steps from the metastatic procedure, although it has not really been associated with macrophage function directly. Neutrophils Much like macrophages, tumor-associated neutrophils possess the potential to market invasion, angiogenesis, and ECM degradation based on their appearance from the essential substances (Liang and Ferrara 2016). Having said that, little is find out about the function of neutrophils in the first steps from the metastatic procedure, and there's a comparative paucity of in vivo data demonstrating efficiency. G-CSF appearance leads to a systemic extension from the neutrophil people (Casbon et al. 2015) and multiple CXCR1/2 ligands have already been implicated in neutrophil recruitment to tumors and improved metastasis, including CXCL1, CXCL2, CXCL5, and CXCL8/IL-8 (Bekes et al. 2011; Toh et al. 2011; Acharyya et al. 2012; Zhou et al. 2014). In a few complete situations that is linked with a rise in MMP appearance, and MMP9-deficient mice screen decreased metastasis (Yang et al. 2008; Yan et al. 2010); nevertheless, to time the need for MMPs in regional invasion has just been showed in xenotransplantation assays (Bekes et al. 2011). While several studies show neutrophil depletion decreases metastasis, that is connected with an immunosuppressive phenotype generally, which is not yet determined which stage from the metastatic procedure is normally affected (Simpson et al. 2012; Coffelt et al. 2015). For instance, neutrophil depletion was reported to haven't any influence the amount of circulating 4T1 cells (Granot et al. 2011), and in another orthotopic style of breasts cancer tumor neutrophil depletion decreases both lung and lymph node metastasis without impacting primary tumor development (Coffelt et al. 2015). Neutrophils have already been proven to promote migration of melanoma cells to the endothelium during ultraviolet-induced irritation (Bald et al. 2014), however the preponderance of proof currently mementos neutrophils being even more mixed up in later steps from

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the metastatic procedure (Granot et al. 2011; Acharyya et al. 2012; Cools-Lartigue et al. 2013; Coffelt et al. 2015). T Lymphocytes Compact disc4+ T cells had been first described to market the early techniques of metastasis in the MMTV-PyMT style of breasts cancer tumor, with an approximate 5-collapse reduction in circulating tumor cells and pulmonary metastasis observed in CD4-deficient animals (DeNardo et al. 2009). This was mediated by TH2-polarized CD4+ T cells expressing P7C3-A20 kinase activity assay IL-4 enhancing the pro-tumor phenotype of macrophages, including augmentation of the CSF-1/EGF paracrine loop. IL-4 also promotes cathepsin protease activity in macrophages within pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors, leading to enhanced local invasion (Gocheva et al. 2010b). TH2-polarization is definitely specific to tumor CD4+ T cells in the MMTV-PyMT model (DeNardo et al. 2009), and this appears to be powered by high levels of CCL5 chemokine manifestation within late stage tumors (Zhang et al. 2015). It is likely that IL-13 will have related effects on macrophage polarization within tumors given that neutralization of either IL-4 or IL-13 generates an equivalent increase in the effectiveness of paclitaxel chemotherapy (Shiao et al. 2015). CD4+ TH2 cells can therefore promote invasion indirectly by modulating the phenotype of macrophages. SURVIVAL AND EXTRAVASATION Monocytes Classical Ly6C+ inflammatory and non-classical Ly6C? patrolling monocytes appear to have opposing functions in murine Rabbit Polyclonal to KCNMB2 models of lung metastasis. True to their name, Ly6C?CCR2loCX3CR1hi monocytes continually patrol the lumen of the endothelium. Advanced glycation end products (AGEs) might play a pathophysiological role in Advanced glycation end products (AGEs) might play a pathophysiological role in the development of diabetes and its complications. proinsulin production. The results showed that GS increased oxidative stress, reduced protein expression of all investigated factors through proteasome activation, and decreased proinsulin content. Furthermore, GS reduced capability of MafA and PDX-1 to bind DNA. Coincubation with GLP-1 reversed these GS-mediated harmful effects. Suvorexant tyrosianse inhibitor In conclusion, GLP-1, protecting cells against oxidants, triggers protective intercellular pathways in HIT-T15 cells exposed to GS. 1. Introduction Pancreatic beta cell dysfunction is usually a key pathophysiological target in diabetes mellitus [1C3]. The concept that glucose via glycation as well as glucotoxicity is one of the main damaging molecules is usually widely accepted [4, 5]. Furthermore, hyperglycemia increases the production of AGEs, a group of compounds derived from the nonenzymatic reaction between reducing sugars and proteins, lipids, and DNA [6]. It is well known that a long-lasting deleterious effect of hyperglycemia persists independently of the level of glucose [7C9]. This memory might be explained by the persistent overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) directly induced by AGEs via the activation of their receptors [10]. Furthermore, the increase in pancreatic beta-cell responsiveness to oxidants [11, 12] might result in a decreased nuclear availability of the regulators of insulin promoters PDX-1 (pancreatic and duodenal homeobox-1) and MafA (v-maf musculoaponeurotic fibrosarcoma oncogene homologue A) [13C16]. Recently, we also showed that exposure of pancreatic beta-cells to AGEs decreased glutathione (G

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#GaysForTrump Official Group Support Our News Subscribestar #MagaFirstNews Article Archive #MAGA News Network PeterBoykin.com MagaFirstNews.com MagaOneRadio.net MagaOne.com US1ANews.com TrumpLovesWinning.com GaysForTrump.org VoteForDJTrump.com PeterBoykinMAGA TheMAGANetwork MagaOneRadio MAGAFIRSTNEWS VoteForDJTrump GaysForTrumpOrg #MarchForTrump USA #LGBTexit US1ANews TrumpLovesWinning Peter Boykin The MAGA Network #MAGAFirstNews US1A News NC TRUMP CLUB March 4 Trump 2020 Official GROUP March For Trump 2020 OFFICIAL GROUP MARCH4TRUMP – North Carolina Trump Loves Winning Americans With Trump TRiUMPENCE The Trump Organization Friends All American Human Beings Behind Pres. Trump Deplorable Gays Friends Who Like Gays for Trump Gay Republicans EXIT EXTREMISM MAGA Radio MAGARadio MAGAFirstRadio MAGA First Radio American War MagaFirst News Thank God for the deep state? Former CIA Director McLaughlin Seems to Love it… do You? It seems the former Acting CIA Director John McLaughlin is praising the "Deep State" and it's a role in the current mess with have with the impeachment inquiry into President Donald Trump. McLaughlin was referring to the fact that an intelligence officer filed the whistleblower complaint about President Trump's July call with Ukraine, in which there was a conversation that the Democrats have described as showing Trump inappropriately asked a foreign country to interfere in the 2020 elections by investigating his political rival. The former intelligence official spoke at an event hosted by George Mason University, joined by former Deputy FBI Director Andrew McCabe and former CIA Director John Brennan. It should be noted that both of whom have been critical of the president. Also to be pointed out is that this whole impeachment inquiry is just signally more and more every day that the conspiracy theories of a"Deep State" are more likely than ever, confirming Trump's concerns and Tweets. "There is something unique you have to agree that now that the impeachment inquiry is underway, sparked by a complaint from someone within the intelligence community, it feeds the president's concern, an often-used term about a 'deep state' being there to take him out," Stated by CBS reporter Margaret Brennan "Well, you know, thank God for the 'deep state'," McLaughlin responded, provoking laughter and applause. He went on to praise the intelligence community. "This is the institution within the U.S. government — that with all of its flaws, and it makes mistakes — is institutionally committed to objectivity and telling the truth," "It is one of the few institutions in Washington that is not in a chain of command that makes or implements policy. Its whole job is to speak the truth — it's engraved in marble in the lobby." "With all of the people who knew what was going on here, it took an intelligence officer to step forward and say something about it, which was the trigger that then unleashed everything else," These comments came just before the House voted to approve a resolution for ground rules in the Democrats' impeachment inquiry into Trump. Opinion: Looking into this is that this was all over the fact that Trump just wanted to know why Biden was able to pressure Ukraine into dropping a legal case and inquiry into Biden's son. It's all a bit odd that our President Trump would be getting impeached over the exact thing that Joe Biden actually did when all Trump did was ask questions. More Double Standards of course! What do you think? Share and leave comments Follow Peter Boykin – https://t.me/PeterBoykin President Trump to Address Values Voters Summit 2019 : Pretty Sure the Leftist Gays Will Cry… President Trump to Address Values Voter Summit 2019 WASHINGTON

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— On October 12, President Donald Trump will address the 14th annual Values Voter Summit taking place at the Omni Shoreham Hotel in Washington, D.C. This will be Donald Trump's fourth trip to the Summit, including in 2017 when he became the first sitting president to attend. President Trump will be the keynote speaker Saturday night at Family Research Council's Faith, Family, and Freedom gala. At the gala, Family Research Council will honor Pastor Andrew Brunson with the Cost of Discipleship Award on the one-year anniversary of his release. For nearly two years, Pastor Brunson was imprisoned and confined to house arrest in Turkey over false charges. The Trump administration's energetic diplomacy played a major role in securing Brunson's release. "Under the Trump administration, more has been done to secure religious freedom abroad than under any other president in living memory," said Family Research Council President Tony Perkins. "President Trump has made religious freedom a priority in his foreign policy, appointing Sam Brownback as Ambassador-at-Large for Religious Freedom, and choosing a Secretary of State, Mike Pompeo, who has made religious freedom a priority. This emphasis has yielded tangible results, including an annual Ministerial to Advance Religious Freedom, dedicated funds to protect houses of worship, sanctions against regimes notorious for their religious persecution, and the release of Pastor Andrew Brunson and others imprisoned for their faith around the world. Weeks ago, President Trump also became the first sitting president to emphasize the need to protect international religious freedom in a speech before the U.N. General Assembly," concluded Perkins. Thousands of grassroots activists from around the country will gather in the nation's capital to hear from President Trump. FRC Action's Values Voters Summit is sponsored by American Family Association, American Values, Judicial Crisis Network, and Family Research Council, and co-sponsored by Columbia International University, Truth & Liberty Coalition, and Timothy Plan with The Daily Signal as Media Sponsor and Bott Radio Network as Radio Row Sponsor. Samaritan's Purse is participating as a Faith in Action Partner. An exhibit hall, book signings, radio row, media row, and much more will be packed into this three-day conference. For a schedule and more information on this year's Values Voter Summit, please visit: http://www.valuesvotersummit.org/ Check (Privilege) Please! Tucker Carlson compared CNN's Don Lemon Double Standard when it comes to blackface coverage of Megyn Kelly vs Justin Trudeau Tucker Carlson recently pointed out the hypocrisy surrounding mainstream media's coverage of the Justin Trudeau blackface scandal by comparing the way CNN's Don Lemon handled the matter. On Tucker Carlson Tonight on Fox News Tucker spent no time singling out CNN's Don Lemon in a clip where it showed how the liberal Lemon host covered Trudeau's apology by only redirecting the issue as a way to attack President Trump, Tucker even brought up an older clip from Oct 2018 of Don Lemon talking about the Kelly controversy. "Megyn is 47 years old, she's our age. There has never been a time in her 47 years that blackface has been acceptable… I wonder how much diversity she has on her staff. I don't know, I'm not there but I would imagine there is not a lot," "This is what people of the larger culture don't understand about racism and about privilege." Now compare this to what Lemon said about the Prime Minister… "He says he didn't think it was racist at the time, now he knows better," "Think about it however you want to think about it. When someone apologizes, wow, we don't often see that here. Especially a world leader who's saying, 'I should have known better and I'm sorry.'" Double Standards Much? Recently unless you have had your internet and TV turned off you would have seen that it was revealed that the Canadian prime minister was caught up in his own "blackface" scandal of which he attempted to apologize during a news conference in Winnipeg, Manitoba. Though Tucker Carlson (and nor did most of the right on the internet) buy this apology. As its more under the impression that Trude

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au didn't actually take responsibility but rather "transferred it" by blaming privilege. "He's moving responsibility for what he did from himself to the rest of us… it's not a confession, it's a justification and the only people dumb enough to buy it are the news media, of course. The dumbest people in the world," "Or could it be that because Justin Trudeau is a powerful leader on the left, he gets a pass no matter what he does? I think you know the answer," "What a difference a year makes… Megyn Kelly never wore blackface, she wouldn't do that. She's not Justin Trudeau," "She just made the mistake of not seeming quite offended enough in a TV segment about certain Halloween costumes." – Tucker Carlson Remember that former Fox News host Megyn Kelly was FIRED from NBC News for simply suggesting blackface could sometimes be OK when used for a costume. So the Real Question is: Should Trudeau be Fired too? Check (Privilege) Please! MagaNews Trump: US 'locked and loaded' against Iran if needed… What do you Think? Trump: US 'locked and loaded' against attackers of Saudi oil facility 'depending on verification'; Iran denies involvement President Trump on Sunday suggested U.S. investigators had "reason to believe" they knew who launched crippling attacks against a key Saudi oil facility, and vowed that America was "locked and loaded depending on verification." While he did not specify in his tweet who he believed … See More was responsible for Saturday's drone attacks, U.S. investigators previously have pointed the finger at Iran. For its part, Iran has denied the allegations. Earlier Sunday, Trump authorized the use of emergency oil reserves in Texas and other states after Saudi oil processing facilities were attacked, sparking fears of a spike in oil prices when markets reopen Monday. New York Times updates Kavanaugh 'bombshell' to note accuser doesn't recall alleged assault More than 49,000 auto workers go on strike against GM Beto hits Buttigieg, Dems with expletive-driven defense of debate comments on gun confiscation Lori Loughlin 'aware' of Huffman's sentence, regrets rejecting plea deal Follow – Peter Boykin at Telegram – https://www.T.Me/PeterBoykin at Facebook – https://www.Facebook.com/PeterRobertBoykin at YouTube – https://www.YouTube.com/PeterBoykin at Reddit https://www.reddit.com/user/peterboykin/ at Instagram https://www.instagram.com/peterboykin Support at Patreon https://www.patreon.com/peterboykin Support at Paypal https://www.paypal.com/paypalme2/magafirstnews Purchase Peter Boykin's Book #RussiaGate: Truth, Post-Truth, or Damned Lies?! on Amazon.com at https://www.amazon.com/RUSSIAGATE-TRUTH-POST-TRUTH-DAMNED-LIES-ebook/dp/B07XKW767S/ https://www.peterboykin.com https://www.MagaFirstNews.com https://www.MagaOneRadio.net The Key Info was in the Original Draft of the Kavanaugh story? New York Times reporters claim… Then Why Was It Ignored? Simple without it NO STORY Trump demands resignations over Kavanaugh story at New Mexico rally "I call for the resignation of everybody at The New York Times involved in the Kavanaugh smear story, and while you're at it, the Russian witch hunt hoax, which is just as phony a story," the president said. "They've taken the old Grey Lady, so prestigious, and broken her down, destroyed her virtue, and ruined her reputation. She can never … See More recover, and will never return to greatness under current management. The Times is dead, long live the New York Times." New York Times reporters behind Kavanaugh story say key info was in original draft Netanyahu looks to remain in power as Israelis vote in repeat election US shares info with Saudi Arabia that blames Iran for oil field attack: report White House orders

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two former Trump aides not to appear before House committee at impeachment hearing Spicer spices up 'Dances With the Stars' with neon green shirt Will Vaping Go up in Smoke? As the Trump Administration proposes a ban on non-tobacco flavored e-cigarettes. Trump administration takes aim at teen vaping, proposes ban on non-tobacco flavored e-cigarettes In a major win for the Trump administration, the Supreme Court issued an order late Wednesday ending all injunctions that had blocked a White House ban on asylum for anyone trying to enter the U.S. via a third country, such as Mexico, without seeking protection there. The Supreme Court's order was not a final ruling on the policy's merits but does allow the … See More policy to take effect nationwide, including in the 9th Circuit, while the case makes its way through the lower courts. Supreme Court allows Trump asylum restrictions to take effect, ending 9th Circuit injunctions 2020 Democrats to debate in Houston on Thursday with trimmed-down lineup Trump delays China tariffs increase in gesture of goodwill NCAA warns Calif. governor about college athlete 'fair pay' bill OxyContin maker reaches settlement with 2,000 plaintiffs in opioid crisis Gays For Trump Russia Russia Russia #RUSSIAGATE: TRUTH, POST-TRUTH OR DAMNED LIES? by Peter Boykin On Sale Now on Amazon #RUSSIAGATE: TRUTH, POST-TRUTH OR DAMNED LIES? Everybody hates fake news, right? Then again, one man's fake news is another man's infallible truth. So how to discern truth from falsehood, in the foaming churning sea of 'narratives' and 'counter-narratives?' Ever since the nihilistic professors of chaos undermined public discourse and the very foundations of language, by the 'revolution' of postmodernist nihilism, where everybody has a right to their own opinions and reality is whatever you make of it, the risk that facts, truth, and history would be finally reduced to mere 'narratives' has always loomed menacingly upon the horizon. And although the Party of Truth has often striven valiantly against the Party of Feelz, the threat of a purely subjective and emotional approach to the world has made significant inroads. This being so, it's a truly extraordinary sight to see those who actually invented 'post-truth' and 'alternative facts' consistently railing against these very same things. The supposedly impossible election of President Donald J. Trump in November 2016 left the liberal media and the anxious elites scrambling for a way to discredit the legitimately elected President of the United States of America. In such a context, where the noonday sun of populist truth is menaced by the midnight gloom of aristocratic falsehood, and the dusk of integrity grimly heralds forth the dawn of MSM lies, it's comforting to remember how we've been here before. Many, many times. E-BOOK Can Be Purchased Peter Boykin is a right-wing activist and the founder of a group called Gays for Trump, he also hosts a regular online radio show, #MagaFirstNews on MagaOneRadio.net Boykin is a prolific social media user, In 2018, Boykin ran for a seat in the North Carolina House of Representatives. Peter Boykin has been featured in multiple left and right-wing media outlets and is never afraid to debate for what he feels is just. Peter Boykin is also an activist for the #LGBTExit / #LGBTQuit movement. The movement is to encourage Lesbian, Gay, and Bisexual people to "exit" the Democratic party and follow Trump. "It's time we #TakeBackPride and #ComeOutForAmerica it's time for the LGBT to EXIT #LGBTexit…#LGBTQ #GayPride no longer needs to be associated with Extremism." – Peter Boykin Trump taxes So does Donald Trump Really have to give up his tax returns? Presidential Tax Returns Individual income tax return — including those of public figures — are private information, protected by law from unaut

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horized disclosure. Indeed, the Internal Revenue Service is barred from releasing any taxpayer information whatsoever, except to authorized agencies and individuals. Like all other citizens, U.S. presidents enjoy this protection of their privacy. Since the […] Trump Budget Deal: President Donald Trump would prefer that the Senate pass the current budget deal and has acknowledged he will sign the legislation President Donald Trump wants the Senate to pass the budget deal worked out a few days ago and will sign the legislation, even though it will add significantly to the national debt, acting White House chief of staff Mick Mulvaney told Fox News on Sunday. "When the Democrats won the House, everybody knew we were going to end up spending more money," Mulvaney said, adding that the agreement is still a victory for the Trump administration. "The Democrats wanted to limit our policies on the border, they wanted to limit our policies regarding pro-life, they wanted to limit our policies regarding deregulation — and we won on every single one of those," Mulvaney said. "So, did we spend more money than we wanted to? Yes. Did we get a lot in return. Yes." When asked what happened to Trump's promises as a presidential candidate to quickly balance the budget, Mulvaney placed the blame on the Democrats. He insisted on deflecting all blame for the deficit even when Fox News host Chris Wallace pointed out that the Republicans controlled Congress for the first two years of the administration. Missile Tests Recent North Korean Missile Tests Do Not Pose a Threat to the USA according to President Trump UPDATED 10:40 AM PT — Sunday, July 28, 2019 He said the missiles were 'short-range,' commonly used by many countries, and therefore did not pose a threat to the U.S. President Trump downplays last week's missile tests by North Korea. Last week, during a press conference the President said the incident would not interfere with U.S. North Korea negotiations. North Korea successfully test fired two short-range missiles last week in an apparent warning to South Korean military warmongers. In fact, the President went on to tout his healthy working relationship with Chairman Kim Jong Un, saying the relationship remains in good condition and the tests were not carried out in bad faith against the U.S. "He didn't say a warning to the United States. I can tell you that. he didn't say a warning to the United States" President Trump said. "They are short range missiles and my relationship is very good with Chairman Kim and we'll see what happens. But they are short range missiles, and many people have those missiles" President Trump said. This Thursday, July 25, 2019, photo provided on Friday, July 26, 2019, by the North Korean government shows a test of a missile launch in North Korea. A day after two North Korean missile launches rattled Asia, the nation announced Friday that its leader Kim Jong Un supervised a test of a new-type tactical guided weapon that was meant to be a "solemn warning" about South Korean weapons introduction and its rival's plans to hold military exercises with the United States. Independent journalists were not given access to cover the event depicted in this image distributed by the North Korean government. The content of this image is as provided and cannot be independently verified. Korean language watermark on image as provided by source reads: "KCNA" which is the abbreviation for Korean Central News Agency. (Korean Central News Agency/Korea News Service via AP) Join @RealPeterBoykin on Telegram Join Our SUBSCRIBESTAR Support Peter Boykin's Activism on SUBSCRIBESTAR #RUSSIAGATE: TRUTH, POST-TRUTH OR DAMNED LIES? by Peter Boykin On Sale Now at https://www.amazon.com/dp/1692089919 It's Time to #GoRight #GORIGHT MOVEMENT GO RIGHT DO RIGHT BE RIGHT CONSERVATIVE ACTION FOR NON-PARTISAN GOOD WORKS AND GREAT CAUSES Join The #GoRight Movement Support VICS Ranch VICS Ranch's mission is to help Veterans and First Responders who are suffering from PTSD or homelessness and

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need a new mission. We help you find a new passion and purpose. Together we can end suicide and suffering. This is our new mission. "You've had our backs, now let us have yours." SUPPORT VICSRanch.org Join The #MAGANetwork Join Our Network of Sites and Causes TheMagaNetwork.com Listen to MagaOneRadio #MagaFirstNews on Spreaker Listen to the #MagaFirstNews Podcast on Spreaker Support Our Network https://www.patreon.com/peterboykin Fighting The Culture War One Grapefruit at a Time #Conservatism2020 Does Fruit Belong in This Movement? November 9, 2019 We Dare Ask the Question: Are Traps Gay? Do Transsexuals Really Belong in the Gay Community? November 4, 2019 Free Speech is being trampled on to satisfy a political agenda, Dennis Pragers' "NO SAFE SPACES" Film a "Wake-Up Call to the American People" November 4, 2019 More Migrants Found Hiding in a Refrigerated Truck in Greece .. This is what Happens when a country has bad policies.. November 4, 2019 Thank God for the deep state? Former CIA Director McLaughlin Seems to Love it… do You? November 1, 2019 The #GoRight Campaign Has Officially Launched! Promising CONSERVATIVE ACTION FOR NON-PARTISAN GOOD WORKS AND GREAT CAUSES October 13, 2019 Tomi Lahren is sick of liberals telling us what we deserve and don't deserve as she blasts Facebook CEO for backing Bernie's attack on wealth October 10, 2019 President Trump to Address Values Voters Summit 2019 : Pretty Sure the Leftist Gays Will Cry… October 9, 2019 Will We All Be Passing around the ZuckerCoin on Facebook Soon? Facebook CEO Mark Zuckerberg is set to testify before the House Financial Services Committee October 9, 2019 Gotham is Burning… That's Life… Send in the Clowns for The Joker is the real victim October 6, 2019 Check (Privilege) Please! Tucker Carlson compared CNN's Don Lemon Double Standard when it comes to blackface coverage of Megyn Kelly vs Justin Trudeau September 20, 2019 Trump: US 'locked and loaded' against Iran if needed… What do you Think? September 18, 2019 The Key Info was in the Original Draft of the Kavanaugh story? New York Times reporters claim… Then Why Was It Ignored? Simple without it NO STORY September 18, 2019 Will Vaping Go up in Smoke? As the Trump Administration proposes a ban on non-tobacco flavored e-cigarettes. September 16, 2019 The Debate Over Mass shootings will continue … how will it play out? September 16, 2019 #RUSSIAGATE: TRUTH, POST-TRUTH OR DAMNED LIES? by Peter Boykin On Sale Now on Amazon September 10, 2019 Another Win For Gays For Trump! Log Cabin Republicans Press Release: LCR Endorses President Trump for Reelection in 2020 August 16, 2019 The White House wants the FCC to have a much bigger say in what you see on social media. What do you Think? August 11, 2019 "Democrats fart too! Keep the cows, get rid of the Democrats!" August 9, 2019 DOUBLE STANDARD IN FORCE AT TWITTER: Mitch McConnell's campaign locked out of Twitter for posting video of calls for violence at his home August 7, 2019 Kasich is pushing a "red flag law" to fight back against gun violence, do you think it would be a good idea? August 4, 2019 Ocasio-Cortez called out McConnell in a tweet for "giving

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Glasses Culture New research into autofocus lenses for presbyopia Researchers from the University of Stanford have released new findings on autofocus glasses for presbyopic (aging) eyes, which will allow the wearer to see clearly and refocus their eyesight in real time, no matter what the lighting conditions, weather conditions or speed of their eye movement. Here we explain how autofocus glasses are promising to be an alternative to glasses wearers. Offering a life-changing solution to their day-to-day vision, this technology could help huge numbers of so-called presbyopes, of which it is estimated there will be over 1.8 billion by 2050. The human eye has two natural converging lenses: the cornea and the crystalline. The latter works like the autofocus function on a camera: the image formed on the retina stays focused whatever the distance or movement of the object being examined. As we get older however, the crystalline lens loses its elasticity and its ability to focus deteriorates. It is perhaps unsurprising then that the etymological origin of the word 'presbyope' comes from the Greek word 'presbus', which means 'old'. A recent study estimates that at least 1.8 billion people will suffer from presbyopia by 2050. Less 'old', but maybe a little wise, however, this demographic starts being registered from the age of 45. © santé-médecine.net To remedy this kind of defective vision, which effects on average 600,000 people in France alone every year, the most common solution is to wear reading glasses or progressive lenses. However, these options are not without their downsides, as most presbyopes will probably be aware. If you wear reading glasses, they have to be taken off or lowered whenever you want to see things that are further away, and the use of progressive lenses require time to adjust and so cannot necessarily quickly adapt for quick, extreme movements of the and for one's peripheral vision, which is particularly important if you are driving. Will autofocus lenses replace progressive lenses? Analysing the eyes of numerous presbyopes and future presbyopes, this is the question that the research of Nitish Padmanaban, Robert Konrad and Gordon Wetzstein, three engineers from the University of Stanford, tries to answer. Published at the end of June 2019, their research was partly financed by large tech companies such as Intel and Nvidia, and their findings propose autofocus lenses as a convincing alternative to progressive lenses. As one of the co-authors of the article claims: 'more than a billion people currently suffer from presbyopia, and we have created a pair of autofocal lenses which could one day correct the vision of these people far more effectively than conventional lenses.' For their research, they created lenses that use eye-tracking technology which can follow the precise movements of the pupils, constantly redetermining which area is being examined and the distance of this from the wearer of the glasses. This is calculated by an inbuilt software and the lenses are filled with a fluid that reacts to an electric current and processes the adjustment in the lens. These liquid glass lenses work in a similar way to the anatomical crystalline lens does: when the field of vision changes, the lenses are get inflate or shrink, dilate or retract, even becoming more or less thick as the focalisation changes in real time. Autofocals: Evaluating Gaze-Contingent Eyeglasses for Presbyopes Following a series of tests using their prototype on 56 volunteers, their research overwhelmingly found that, in contrast to when they used progressive lenses, autofocus lenses would allow the user to carry out a wide range of daily tasks much more quickly and effectively. Wearing these glasses not only allowed them to enjoy a better clarity of vision, whatever the distance being examined, but they also praised the speed of re-focalisation compared to their normal glasses. Autofocus glasses: the future of eye correction? The technology proposed by this research from Stanford is not their completely original invention. As we have previously reported here, autofocus glasses have been proposed by the Belgiun company Morrow Optics. But unlike those being used by Stanford, which automatically adjust, theirs require the wearer to

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CommonCrawl

17

12

Traumatized individuals will predictably go through a series of alternating phases between acknowledging the trauma and avoiding it. As this process goes on, the eventual goal should be a reformulation or reschematization of the event in relation to the person and the person in relation to him- or herself and others. This is sometimes referred to as working through, which was mentioned earlier. The goal of treatment is to "help the person work through the linkage between the self and the stressor events so that all such symptoms can be attenuated or terminated" (Horowitz, 2001, p. 182). The goal is to strike a balance between a state of emotional numbness and of being emotionally flooded or overwhelmed. There are also the general goals of helping the patient establish a sense of safety; develop decision-making skills and more adaptive coping; develop a realistic sense of self as stable, coherent, competent, and worthwhile; develop competence with family and community; and develop a rational preparation and resilience for future stressors. Horowitz (2001) also proposes that steps should be taken to help patients protect themselves from danger by improving their attention and reaction times, and by teaching them not to react to erroneous beliefs, social stigma and shame, demoralization, or impaired physiological functioning due to sleep deprivation or altered neurochemical functioning. Horowitz's treatment, as are so many for PTSD, is complex and very thorough. There are six phases to his treatment: evaluation/diagnosis/formulation/treatment planning, support, exploration of meanings, improving coping, working through, and terminating. Initially, patients are diagnosed with a particular stress response disorder, such as PTSD or Complicated Grief Disorder. Next, the clinician should formulate the goals and issues to be addressed within treatment. Horowitz (2001) offers the configurational analysis method for this process. First, symptoms and problems are selected. Next, the states or situations in which intrusive symptoms and states of numbing and denial occur are determined. In the next step, unresolved stress-related topics and defensive control processes are addressed. The fourth step addresses self-other beliefs related to identity and relationship functioning. The fifth and final step of formulation is an integration of the previous steps into a treatment plan. The second phase of treatment is the support phase. Because patients may be in states of unmodulated affect and experience and may be feeling they've lost their sense of control, they need support. For Horowitz (2001), this may include biological stabilization with medication, social support with time structuring and enlisting supportive efforts, and the establishment of a supportive therapeutic relationship and concrete plan. Adequate support needs to be in place before the next phase of treatment, exploration, is undertaken. This is necessary because of the possibility of intense affect in this next phase. The working through phase is designed to help patients reschematize their identity and relationships. Patients analyze pretrauma personality beliefs about themselves and others. This may lead to specific themes being activated, such as fear of victimization, shame, feelings of incompetence, anger at the source of the trauma or a displacement figure, or guilt. An individual may also have a developmental history that leads to a lower threshold for tolerating despair and depression, which is then reactivated with trauma. Regardless of the various schematic and developmental material and issues that get activated, this phase of treatment involves helping the client differentiate between what comes from the past and what comes from the present. Attention to warded-off issues and trauma-specific struggles is intensified, and deeper interpretations are offered. These interpretations serve as a basis for a clearer sense of self and others within the context of the current trauma. The final phase of treatment is termination. This is never a simple ending to therapy but a unique and important stage in and of itself. Emotions about separating from the therapist must be addressed. Also, therapeutic gains must be reinforced. Horowitz (2001) suggests making plans for practicing the newly acquired cognitive-analytic skills. He reminds us that the client's vulnerability is likely to resurface in this final phase and recommends terminating gradually over a series of sessions in an almost stress-inoculation manner. Finally, he recommends that the client be benevolently forewarn

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Alvar Aalto design for Artek, 1935. Hig stool with 4 legs. Alvar Aalto design for Artek, 1935. Chair with 4 legs. Alvar Aalto design for Artek, 1935. Chair 66, with 4 legs. First designed by Alvar Aalto for the paimio tuberculosis sanatorium, these dining/side chairs use aalto's now-famous linen webbing. Bench 153 by Alvar Aalto, in solid wood and birch veneer has Artek's famous L-shaped legs. Ilmari Tapiovaara design for Artek, 1946. The Domus chair is a real success in Finland. It is comfortable, flexible and stackable. The Pirkka Stool by Ilmari Tapiovaara combines a rustic inspiration and work of innovative structure, which give it the lightness of iconic furniture of the 50s. The Pirkka bar stool by Ilmari Tapiovaara combines a rustic inspiration and work of innovative structure, which give it the lightness of iconic furniture of the 50s. The Pirkka bench by Ilmari Tapiovaara combines a rustic inspiration and work of innovative structure, which give it the lightness of iconic furniture of the 50s. Hans J. Wegner design for Carl Hansen, 1985/2005. The perfect bar stool for modern interiors with open plan kitchens or other open spaces. Why not invite your guests to sit down and enjoy a chat over a drink while you are busy in the kitchen? Its upholstered seat makes it extremely comfortable. An extremely strong bar stool with a light and airy design, fulfilling every need for comfort and functionality. The Opus bar stool matches elegantly the high tables in the Brunch and Expresso table series. Hee Welling design for HAY. The idea behind the About A Chair-collection has been to develop a chair with conspicuous simplicity. A chair which works just as well around the dining table as around a conference table, in a canteen or at the office. The elegant stool can be used throughout the home as a footstool, side table, bedside table, and much more besides. The Cutter bench by Niels Hvass has countless possible uses. It can grace the façade of your house or a corner of the garden, provide a place to sit down or a surface to put things on in the hall or bathroom. Hans Wegner design for Carl Hansen, 1965. Chair in hardwood with armrests and hand-woven seat in natural paper cord. Designed by Hans Wegner for Carl Hansen, in 1956. CH20 is a compact dining chair that can also be stacked. The lower back support and horizontal seat also make the chair suitable for working at a table or desk. J. Foersom and P. Lorenzen design, 2007. Upholstered chair padded with foam, cold molded, non-removable. Eyes bar stool. Upholstered chair padded with foam, cold molded, non-removable. Designed by Borge Mogensen in 1956. The Classic Chair (or J39) is Børge Mogensen's most successful chair, inspired by his teacher Kaare Klint. The chair is available with a hand-woven seat in natural or black paper yarn. Designed by Nanna Ditzel in 1993.Trinidad chair in moulded wood. The version without armrests is stackable.Dimensions: 57 * 48,5 * 84 cm, seated at 44 cm. Designed by Nanna Ditzel in 1993. Trinidad bar stool in moulded wood. Design, Hans Sandgren Jakobsen, 1998. Gallery stool in molded plywood. Design, 1953. The Valet Chair is about the problems in folding clothes in the most practical manner at bedtime. Unites function with a playful sculptural design. The top rail is shaped as a coat hanger while the seat is basically a box for storing. Design, 198

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Category: Video Game Reviews Undertale – Masterpiece or Overrated? Undertale. When one mentions that title, fond memories come to mind, or the thought, "That game again?" Indeed, since its release in 2015, Undertale has become something of a phenomenon in the gaming world. Created by Toby Fox, Undertale is a sprite-based RPG that has the look of an oldschool RPG like Earthbound. The game was so big on PC, it was ported to PS4 two years later. This past September, it was ported over to Nintendo Switch. The game has a very loyal fanbase, with tons of fan art and animations populating the web. When anything becomes this popular, people will emerge saying the media in question is overrated. Many of these people have never played the game, yet will cringe when anyone mentions it by name. (It is similar to the My Little Pony phenomenon that began in 2010 and continues to this day.) These people who jump in forums to say something negative just because the title is poplar do not contribute anything. Do not mistake me though. While there are many people who despise popular things just because they are popular, there are those who legitimately think something is overrated. In Undertale's case, perhaps some may say it is not as good as people claim, or it got overblown in popularity simply because it has quirky characters. That is the aim of this article: to explore Undertale and see if it is a masterpiece, or greatly exaggerated in quality. Before continuing, it is important to note that one thing cannot be denied: it is an acclaimed title. Every version of the game – PC, PS4, Switch – has a score of 92 on Metacritic. This means that many critics agree the game is well made. What we'll be looking at is what makes Undertale an experience, and if that experience is a good one, or an overrated one. To begin, one has to go back to the start of the game. After the intro and choosing a name for the 'Fallen Human,' you are given control of the playable character, whom we later learn is named Frisk. The child moves about on a grassy field, and then you can move Frisk into the next area. In this area, there is another grassy field with a little flower in the center of it. The flower has a face, and greets the main character. "Howdy! I'm Flowey. Flowey the Flower!" the flower says. I remember my thoughts as I played this opening sequence. The seemingly friendly flower notices that Frisk is new to the Underground. He explains the battle system on another screen. I notice a little heart, which Flowey explains is my SOUL, "the very culmination of your being!" Flowey then mentions that my SOUL begins weak, but can get stronger with LV. Makes sense, right? Flowey then says that LV stands for "LOVE." Already, the game is playing with the player's expectations when it comes to an RPG. "LV" would normally mean "level," but not in Undertale. The next part is what really kicks the game off. Flowey states that LOVE is shared through "friendliness pellets," and proceeds to share some with me. I happily run into these pellets, not knowing the flower's nefarious plan until they decrease my health to just one percent. Flowey gives a sinister smile and says, "In this world, it's kill or BE killed. Why would ANYONE pass up an opportunity like this?!" At this point, I'm shocked by what's happening. Interestingly, the dialogue changes if one had decided to avoid the so-called friendliness pellets. It is interesting to consider why someone would run into the pellets, or avoid them. Either way, Flowey surrounds me with pellets and proceeds to kill Frisk. However, he is stopped by another character, whom is called Toriel. Toriel takes Frisk to her home away from danger. At this point, I'm glad, but am a bit unnerved when Toriel later says, "I've also prepared a curriculum for your education." Wait, what? I can't stay here lady – I gotta get back home. After requesting how to escape the RUINS, Toriel tries to convince me not to go and goes on ahead to block the exit. However, I have to push forward

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. Toriel says, "Prove to me you are strong enough to survive", and thus begins the first boss battle. Because I liked Toriel, I tried to find a away to spare her, because the beauty of this game is that it offers a "Mercy", button, where you don't have to kill an opponent. Undertale's tagline is, "The friendly RPG where nobody has to die." Sadly, I did not find a a way to spare Toriel, and ended up killing her. (It didn't occur to me that I could reset my save file to try again, which is a concept that will be mentioned soon.) After exiting the RUINS, I see Flowey again. I remember my exact thought during this: "Not that thing again." After Flowey taunts the player, he leaves, and Frisk leaves to the next area. This is where the title screen pops up. This is where the adventure begins. Simply put, the opening act of Undertale is an engaging way to begin the adventure. The main goal of Undertale at first is to escape the Underground. However, to escape, Frisk will have to battle King Asgore. You see, as the intro sequence explains, there was a war between monsters and humans. The monsters, led by Asgore, were driven underground. Now there is a barrier, and the only way to break it is with seven human souls. Asgore has six already, so if he gets the soul of Frisk, the monsters will be able to return to the above-ground. It is an interesting dynamic, as monsters are not inherently evil. This dynamic results in a fascinating sequence at the end of the neutral run, which will be addressed soon. But first, one has to mention the characters Frisk runs into along the way. During the journey, Frisk meets a number of diverse characters, such as the humorous, yet mysterious Sans, Sans' corny, yet lovable brother Papyrus, the "The heroine that NEVER gives up" Undyne, among others. These characters have diverse personalities, which is thanks to the writing. I couldn't help but smirk at Papyrus' dialogue, or be unnerved at Metteton's love for an entertaining show. Toby Fox is a master of creating likable, well defined characters. One is never tempted to skip the text boxes, because the player always wants to see what they will say next. Undertale's cast of characters is unique and diverse. So what's the deal with a game where no one has to die, you might ask. This is where the true beauty lies in Undertale, and is something that makes the player ask philosophical questions. It is almost always easier to kill enemies and opponents than it is to have mercy on them. It often takes passion to look for ways to spare a character. Killing characters has an impact on the story as well, showing how much thought was put into this game. You have a choice: kill or have mercy. In the battle against Asgore, the player gets extremely close to finishing the king off. As Asgore kneels defeated, he gives his story on why he wants to free monsters. It's emotional, and at this point, the game gives the player the choice of whether to finish him off, or have mercy. After hearing his story, how could one still be motivated to kill him? I picked the mercy option, and the king was surprised and happy. However, something else kills him, and Flowey emerges. After taunting dialogue, such as Flowey saying he'll save over my save file so he can kill me multiple times, you battle the final boss of the neutral run, Photoshop Flowey. I want to discuss the aftermath of this fight. After the souls revolt, Flowey is defeated. We see a picture of him battered and bruised. At this point, the game gives you the option to either kill or have mercy. I'll tell you, I very much wanted to kill that flower. As opposed to Asgore, whom wasn't really a bad guy, Flowey was a psychopath. He wanted to kill me at the start of the game, and he tortured and taunted me during this battle with him. I was ready to kill him, but I knew mercy was there as an option. But why would I have mercy on something that has caused me so much pain? Here's the thing, if you do decide to kill Flowey, he looks at you with a deranged smile

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and says, "I knew you had it in you!" before dying. At this point, does the player feel accomplished, or a bit melancholy? Was killing Flowey the right thing? I decided to go the mercy route. Why? You see, Flowey's philosophy is that "it's kill or be killed." By having mercy on him, I am showing that actually, there is true love and mercy in the world. It doesn't have to be "kill or be killed." Here's something to think about. When first picking the mercy option on Flowey, it doesn't end the event. You have to keep going to the mercy option. In-between, Flowey will say, "Do you really think I've learned anything from this? No", "I'll come back," "I'll kill you, " "I'll kill everyone," "I'll kill everyone you love." During all this, you still have the option to stop pressing mercy, and kill him. The game challenges you as Flowey says these things; are you DETERMINED to be a merciful person? Are you DETERMINED to showcase a philosophy that is the opposite of his? As you press mercy, Flowey becomes angry and questions what the player is doing; he doesn't understand. I think this is one of the most fascinating encounters in gaming history. Undertale forces the player to take a stance: have mercy, or kill. Are you willing to have mercy on the worst kind of person, someone whom has wronged you? It's much easier to finish that person off than have mercy. Are you willing to go the extra mile and take a merciful stance? Are you DETERMINED to do so? Undertale's story is certainly interesting, but how about its actual gameplay? In order to be critically acclaimed, you must have good gameplay. Undertale's gameplay is unique in that it avoids the usual RPG format. You control a heart in real-time and avoid enemy fire. It's fun, and led to some great boss encounters. The battle against Photoshop Flowey is one of the most memorable boss fights in recent history. This is helped by the glorious soundtrack. I think it would be hard for anyone to deny that Undertale has a good soundtrack. From the fan favorite 'Megalovania,' to the ominous 'Another medium,' a major part of what makes Undertale engaging is its soundtrack. 'Finale' and 'Hopes and Dreams' are two beautiful final boss themes. Undertale's gameplay is fun. The boss encounters are interesting, and the soundtrack greatly enhances the experience. Now we come to what makes Undertale a truly complete experience. After you beat the game the first time around, you can do it again to get the true ending. By going back and having mercy on everyone and completing certain things, you gain access to the true final boss and true ending, the "True Pacifist Route" as it's called. Here you encounter Flowey again. He absorbs the souls of everyone and transforms into a dark final boss in the vein of Sephiroth from Final Fantasy VII. This battle is a fascinating final encounter. It even says, "It's the end." You see, the battle is reminiscent of the final battle in Earthbound. In Earthbound, you battle Giygas. You can't beat him conventionally. Instead, you have to "pray." There is no other way to beat him, except through the power of prayer. In Undertale, you can't beat Flowey conventionally. Instead, you first have to "save" the souls of those he has consumed. Finally, you have to "save" Flowey himself. Flowey's backstory is fascinating, and here we have Frisk appealing to Flowey. Flowey, seeing the love all these souls have for Frisk, and his own past memories with the Fallen Human, gives up and breaks the barrier. It's bittersweet, as Flowey (real name Asriel) stays behind because he will transform into a soulless flower again. At this point, Frisk is given the choice to hug Asriel. It's an emotional ending. However, what happens if instead of having mercy on everyone, you decide to kill everyone in the game? This results in the "Genocide Route," and Frisk eventually being taken over by Ch

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ara, the original Fallen Human. This is intriguing, and features an incredibly memorable battle against Sans. Here's the really interesting thing: if you do a Genocide run before doing a True Pacifist run, you will lose the Pacifist ending. Instead of getting the happy ending, in the sequence we see red Xs on the characters faces in a portrait, and later Chara laughing at the player. This is brilliant, because it shows that there are consequences for completing a genocide route. You can't go back and save everyone after killing them. Rather, you have to live with the fact that you decided to engage in the Genocide route, and there's no going back. Undertale's True Pacifist Route is a brilliant final chapter. The game gives you the option: pacifist, or genocide. There is no middle ground here, there is only one final ending, and you have the choice of either having mercy, or killing everyone. In conclusion, I have to say that Undertale is a great experience. I would call it a masterpiece – with its engrossing story, unique gameplay, diverse characters, and philosophy. The game is something of a deconstruction of the RPG genre, and comes down to a single question: What is your true DETERMINATION? If one does not experience the game the same way, that is fine. Not everyone will find Undertale to be the unique experience I consider it to be. A little while ago, I played the critically acclaimed game, Journey. Although I knew it to be well-liked, I didn't get anything out of it. It didn't mean anything to me. But, it meant a lot to others, and that's what matters. Undertale is not a game that is loved by everyone, but it does mean something to a lot of people. That is something important to keep in mind. There are many games out there, but I can say that Undertale is one that will always stick with me as particularly memorable. Kirby Star Allies Review Kirby doesn't talk much, but when he does say something, it's typically something cheerful. He is a very cheerful character, but gets serious when his planet is being attacked. He's willing to lend a hand to any stranger that comes asking for help, never giving it a second thought. It's all these reasons and more why Kirby is a lovable character. The pink puffball first appeared on the Game Boy in Kirby's Dreamland. He then made the jump to color in the NES's Kirby's Adventure. Since then, he has appeared in numerous games, becoming a flagship Nintendo title. He makes the jump to Nintendo's latest console, the Switch, in Kirby Star Allies. The story in Star Allies follows a mysterious being unleashing dark energy objects called "Jamba Hearts" onto Planet Popstar. These hearts affect many of the inhabitants of the planet, including King Dedede and Meta Knight. Kirby awakens to the horror, and runs off, gathering friends along the way, to rid Popstar of the Jamba Hearts and stop the mysterious menace. The story isn't too different than previous games in the franchise. But, one can always expect a great climax in Kirby games, and it's no different in Star Allies. Is everything else about the game great? Star Allies is a fun platformer, bringing the Kirby elements that puts the series above the standard side-scroller. However, much like contemporary Kirby games, there are not enough innovations in Star Allies to call it an amazing game. The Switch is Nintendo's best system graphically speaking, meaning Kirby gets to shine in HD glory. The levels are beautiful with outstanding detail. Highlights include Castle Dedede and Reef Resort. Accompanied by a fantastic soundtrack, I was reminded of Kirby's Epic Yarn, which featured lovely levels complemented by a wonderful soundtrack. The level design in Star Allies is often simple, but at this point, one does not expect much challenge from this series. Kirby then has to deliver in the "simply fun to play" category, and Star Allies succeeds in this regard. Pretty levels would not be able to make up for substandard gameplay. Star Allies has the same level of high quality gameplay as previous Kirby games. If you've played Kirby's Return to Dreamland or the more recent Planet Robobot, you know what to expect. The biggest feature of

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this game is the ability to turn foes into friends with the push of a button. When this happens, up to three characters (controlled either by the AI or human players) can follow Kirby. It's similar to summoning a Helper in Kirby Super Star, but in this case, the allies bring with them a power first introduced in Kirby 64: the power to combine abilities. It is a shock that this ability has been so rarely used in the games. Then again, it might lose its uniqueness if it appeared in every game. So, these "Friend Abilities" as they are called allow Kirby to mix his copy ability with the ability of an ally. A yo-yo on fire? The sword with an icy touch? Experimenting is always fun, and the Friend Abilities are nicely integrated into finding the Picture Pieces and Big Switches. As for the individual abilities, the usual ones return, along with a few new ones, such as the fun "artist" and "spider." Star Allies make good use of Kirby's friends in three scenarios. One of them is making a bridge to help a Key Dee get to a door, another turning the characters into an unstoppable wheel, and the final one is the best: the friends riding together on a "Friend Star." These Friend Star sequences are a blast, adding a high-octane feel to the game. The Friend Star is put to especially good use in the climatic boss battle. Since we're on the subject, Star Allies continues the tradition of having an epic climax. In the final showdown scene, the player really gets a feel of Kirby's determination to beat the opposing force. For a couple of more positives, the game's implementation of extra stages is a nice feature. The final extra stage has a nice tribute to Kirby's Dreamland. (It's a shame it wasn't longer.) As already touched upon, the soundtrack is strong. You'll hear the familiar themes, but also plenty of great new ones. The final few levels have some fast-paced themes to contrast the more softer sounds. One of the greatest examples of quality music is the beautiful Reef Resort theme, which once again evokes memories of Epic Yarn. This is the strongest soundtrack in a Kirby game since Epic Yarn. As it's been made evident, Star Allies follows the Kirby formula closely, but often too closely. The game does not often feel that different from its predecessors. If this was the first ever Kirby game, it would be fantastic, revolutionary even. But the fact is that it's not the first. Kirby has been the star of numerous platformers, so it's near baffling that Star Allies doesn't introduce more innovations. It is possible to keep the same formula while revolutionizing it. The Legend of Zelda: Breath of the Wild and Super Mario Odyssey did that for their respective franchises. Super Mario Odyssey was the same fundamentally as previous Mario platformers, but Odyssey took risks and delivered things that separated it from past games. Breath of the Wild kept the core aspects that have made the Zelda series appealing, while also reinventing them. These games did not stray from their fundamental concepts. Rather, these games built upon the concepts and gave us something familiar, but also brand new. There is something I like to call the New Super Mario Bros. 2 effect. While New Super Mario Bros. 2 was a fun game and competently made, it made no progress in gameplay design from the previous two New Super Mario Bros. installments. It was essentially almost the same game. Hal Laboratory seems content on playing it safe with Kirby. There's no reason why Star Allies couldn't have been the revolutionary game for Kirby. The pieces are there – the epic climax, the Friend Abilities, the Friend Star- but these things are often sandwiched with an often too familiar atmosphere of normalcy. To give credit, Star Allies is not the New Super Mario Bros. 2 of Kirby. (That would be Triple Deluxe.) But, Hal seems to be in the NSMB2 mindset, which is delivering more of the same without reinvention. There are enough unique aspects of Star Allies to keep it from being called a copy of previous games, but more innovations would have been welcome. While the friends are fun (and adorable) to have around, there are a couple of drawbacks. For one thing, you might find sometimes that they destroy an enemy you were

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3,219

4,096

CommonCrawl

5

7