text
stringlengths 310
8.3k
| writing_style_average
float64 -3.5
3.37
| facts_and_trivia_average
float64 -3.77
3.96
| educational_value_average
float64 -3.86
3.99
| required_expertise_average
float64 -3.75
4.36
| writing_style_chunks
sequencelengths 2
2
| facts_and_trivia_chunks
sequencelengths 2
2
| educational_value_chunks
sequencelengths 2
2
| required_expertise_chunks
sequencelengths 2
2
| length
int64 1.02k
1.02k
| chunk_lengths
sequencelengths 2
2
| input_ids
sequencelengths 1.02k
1.02k
| document_index
int64 75
1.18M
| document_position
int64 0
1.47M
| source_domain
stringclasses 7
values | cluster_id
int64 -1
24
| cluster_no
int64 -1
25
|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Maryland Housing Package Combines Upzoning With Vienna-Style Social Housing
Del. Vaughn Stewart (D–Montgomery County) says a mix of new private and public housing is needed to combat Maryland's housing affordability problems.
Christian Britschgi | 1.9.2020 3:05 PM
(александр макаренко/Dreamstime.com)
A Maryland lawmaker is trying to cobble together a coalition of tenant advocates, housing supply-siders, and left-wing public housing activists to pass an ambitious package of bills aimed at addressing the state's housing affordability problems.
"People's incomes have remained stagnant and the cost of housing has gone up," says Del. Vaughn Stewart (D–Montgomery County). "The housing affordability problem has turned into a crisis, and affects people across the income spectrum. This is no longer just a problem of the poorest Marylanders being able to afford a roof over their heads."
To that end, Stewart introduced three bills that expand current tenant protections, legalize the construction of "middle housing" in areas with lots of either jobs or transit, and impose new taxes on real estate transactions to fund "Vienna-style" government-owned housing developments.
Of the three, Stewart's Modest Homes Choices Act is the one most likely to appeal to free marketers. According to summary language provided to Reason, the bill would require all local governments in the state to allow for the development of duplexes on residential parcels currently zoned for single-family dwellings in "qualifying census tracts." Qualifying tracts would need to be within a mile of a major transit stop, have 5,000 jobs per square mile, or have a median household income twice that of a metro area's median income.
The bill would also require local governments to allow the development of three- and four-unit homes, as well as townhomes and "cottage clusters" (small homes sharing a common courtyard) in these census tracts.
"In areas where you have the most opportunity, the best public amenities, the most jobs, the most access to transit, you can't have the lowest density," Stewart tells Reason, saying that restrictions on private, market-rate housing have played a critical roll in raising the state's housing costs. "This is not the classic liberal story of market failure. Or somehow corporate greed."
The legislation represents a hybrid approach from zoning reform bills that have been proposed in places like Virginia and California. In the former state, the legislature will consider a bill that would legalize duplexes on all residential land in the state. California's major housing reform bill, SB 50, authorizes mid-rise apartments of up to five stories near transit stops and job centers, in addition to allowing four-unit homes statewide.
A more modest, targeted upzoning bill is politically practical in Maryland, says Stewart, where the state government has traditionally not played a major role in land-use decisions. It's also only one leg of the housing supply stool.
The other leg is Stewart's Social Housing Act. That bill would raise tax rates on real estate transfers and impose a $75 recording fee on some real estate documents. Most of the proceeds would then go to fund the state's existing Partnership Rental Housing Program, which finances affordable housing projects.
The bill doubles the amount of funding the program can spend on these projects to $150,000 per-unit for large projects, and $4 million total for smaller projects. It would also create a new block grant "social housing" program with no per-project or per-unit funding caps.
These social housing projects would be publicly-owned, mixed-income developments. There would be three tiers of rent in these complexes, with some tenants paying slightly below-market-rate rents, others paying "cost rents" that cover a building's operating expenses plus losses from vacant units, and a more heavily discounted tier for low-income renters.
While he supports more private housing supply, Stewart argues upzoning is not a sufficient response to housing affordability problems. "[I am] skeptical that would completely solve the problem," he says. "I think that you would still have abusive landlords. You would likely have sky-high rents."
The idea for social housing, he said, is | 0.688008 | 0.628222 | 1.049111 | 0.395794 | [
0.4305085861660964,
0.9455065474696303
] | [
0.3954401026205611,
0.861003533761088
] | [
0.7599791207086383,
1.3382420744962515
] | [
0.04851065464786471,
0.7430765162713848
] | 1,024 | [
512,
512
] | [
22559,
379,
681,
292,
22029,
422,
29890,
1475,
5020,
6626,
292,
2973,
25309,
29899,
5568,
10307,
379,
681,
292,
13,
13157,
29889,
478,
2987,
3123,
22389,
313,
29928,
29994,
24665,
27157,
708,
5127,
29897,
4083,
263,
6837,
310,
716,
2024,
322,
970,
27261,
338,
4312,
304,
15499,
22559,
29915,
29879,
27261,
21750,
3097,
4828,
29889,
13,
18687,
713,
3230,
816,
3146,
891,
29871,
29896,
29889,
29929,
29889,
29906,
29900,
29906,
29900,
29871,
29941,
29901,
29900,
29945,
11278,
13,
29898,
29910,
9592,
29927,
2394,
642,
5719,
551,
29914,
29928,
1633,
303,
603,
29889,
510,
29897,
13,
29909,
22559,
4307,
28107,
338,
1811,
304,
274,
711,
569,
4208,
263,
17148,
654,
310,
3006,
424,
22545,
1078,
29892,
27261,
11421,
29899,
29879,
11376,
29892,
322,
2175,
29899,
16958,
970,
27261,
5039,
2879,
304,
1209,
385,
626,
2966,
2738,
3577,
310,
289,
6090,
12242,
287,
472,
3211,
292,
278,
2106,
29915,
29879,
27261,
21750,
3097,
4828,
29889,
13,
29908,
15666,
1991,
29915,
29879,
297,
26807,
505,
9488,
380,
4211,
424,
322,
278,
3438,
310,
27261,
756,
7695,
701,
1699,
4083,
5556,
29889,
478,
2987,
3123,
22389,
313,
29928,
29994,
24665,
27157,
708,
5127,
467,
376,
1576,
27261,
21750,
3097,
1108,
756,
6077,
964,
263,
24161,
29892,
322,
6602,
29879,
2305,
4822,
278,
17869,
18272,
29889,
910,
338,
694,
5520,
925,
263,
1108,
310,
278,
6460,
342,
22559,
414,
1641,
2221,
304,
21750,
263,
17526,
975,
1009,
15883,
1213,
13,
1762,
393,
1095,
29892,
22389,
9129,
2211,
289,
6090,
393,
7985,
1857,
3006,
424,
3279,
1953,
29892,
11706,
675,
278,
7632,
310,
376,
17662,
27261,
29908,
297,
10161,
411,
14568,
310,
2845,
17643,
470,
1301,
277,
29892,
322,
2411,
852,
716,
8818,
267,
373,
1855,
19989,
22160,
304,
5220,
376,
29963,
819,
1056,
29899,
3293,
29908,
5874,
29899,
26689,
27261,
2693,
1860,
29889,
13,
2776,
278,
2211,
29892,
22389,
29915,
29879,
3382,
342,
15089,
267,
14542,
1575,
3185,
338,
278,
697,
1556,
5517,
304,
25530,
304,
3889,
2791,
2699,
29889,
7579,
304,
15837,
4086,
4944,
304,
830,
1658,
29892,
278,
11118,
723,
1996,
599,
1887,
4095,
1860,
297,
278,
2106,
304,
2758,
363,
278,
5849,
310,
868,
552,
9100,
373,
20201,
616,
20067,
1379,
5279,
503,
22367,
363,
2323,
29899,
11922,
24013,
886,
297,
376,
15380,
9215,
16411,
22330,
29879,
1213,
15146,
9215,
22330,
29879,
723,
817,
304,
367,
2629,
263,
17967,
310,
263,
4655,
1301,
277,
5040,
29892,
505,
29871,
29945,
29892,
29900,
29900,
29900,
17643,
639,
6862,
17967,
29892,
470,
505,
263,
19194,
22329,
17869,
8951,
393,
310,
263,
1539,
307,
4038,
29915,
29879,
19194,
17869,
29889,
13,
1576,
11118,
723,
884,
1996,
1887,
4095,
1860,
304,
2758,
278,
5849,
310,
2211,
29899,
322,
3023,
29899,
5441,
17774,
29892,
408,
1532,
408,
4726,
9706,
267,
322,
376,
29883,
1501,
482,
24554,
29908,
313,
9278,
17774,
19383,
263,
3619,
2085,
1017,
538,
29897,
297,
1438,
16411,
22330,
29879,
29889,
13,
29908,
797,
10161,
988,
366,
505,
278,
1556,
15130,
29892,
278,
1900,
970,
28332,
1907,
29892,
278,
1556,
17643,
29892,
278,
1556,
2130,
304,
1301,
277,
29892,
366,
508,
29915,
29873,
505,
278,
19604,
9027,
1699,
22389,
10603,
830,
1658,
29892,
5934,
393,
25091,
373,
2024,
29892,
9999,
29899,
10492,
27261,
505,
5318,
263,
12187,
9679,
297,
29263,
278,
2106,
29915,
29879,
27261,
21544,
29889,
376,
4013,
338,
451,
278,
22037,
26054,
5828,
310,
9999,
10672,
29889,
1394,
10431,
17266,
403,
1395,
287,
1213,
13,
1576,
13332,
362,
11524,
263,
7498,
19515,
2948,
515,
503,
28259,
11736,
289,
6090,
393,
505,
1063,
7972,
297,
7600,
763,
11653,
322,
8046,
29889,
512,
278,
4642,
2106,
29892,
278,
13332,
1535,
674,
2050,
263,
11118,
393,
723,
11706,
675,
868,
552,
9100,
373,
599,
20201,
616,
2982,
297,
278,
2106,
29889,
8046,
29915,
29879,
4655,
27261,
11736,
11118,
29892,
317,
29933,
29871,
29945,
29900,
29892,
4148,
7093,
7145,
29899,
29878,
895,
12435,
1860,
310,
701,
304,
5320,
15874,
2978,
1301,
277,
17726,
322,
4982,
1644,
414,
29892,
297,
6124,
304,
14372,
3023,
29899,
5441,
17774,
2106,
8157,
29889,
13,
29909,
901,
878,
342,
29892,
3646,
287,
701,
6626,
292,
11118,
338,
2832,
1711,
15031,
297,
22559,
29892,
4083,
22389,
29892,
988,
278,
2106,
5874,
756,
11399,
635,
451,
5318,
263,
4655,
6297,
297,
2982,
29899,
1509,
1602,
12112,
29889,
739,
29915,
29879,
884,
871,
697,
2814,
310,
278,
27261,
11421,
380,
1507,
29889,
13,
1576,
916,
2814,
338,
22389,
29915,
29879,
10307,
379,
681,
292,
3185,
29889,
2193,
11118,
723,
12020,
8818,
19257,
373,
1855,
19989,
1301,
25534,
322,
2411,
852,
263,
395,
29955,
29945,
16867,
27684,
373,
777,
1855,
19989,
10701,
29889,
7849,
310,
278,
8469,
29879,
723,
769,
748,
304,
5220,
278,
2106,
29915,
29879,
5923,
3455,
8397,
4034,
390,
13703,
379,
681,
292,
7835,
29892,
607,
1436,
2925,
21750,
519,
27261,
9279,
29889,
13,
1576,
11118,
27641,
278,
5253,
310,
5220,
292,
278,
1824,
508,
18864,
373,
1438,
9279,
304,
395,
29896,
29945,
29900,
29892,
29900,
29900,
29900,
639,
29899,
5441,
363,
2919,
9279,
29892,
322,
395,
29946,
7284,
3001,
363,
7968,
9279,
29889,
739,
723,
884,
1653,
263,
716,
2908,
16690,
376,
24911,
27261,
29908,
1824,
411,
694,
639,
29899,
4836,
470,
639,
29899,
5441,
5220,
292,
26091,
29889,
13,
1349,
968,
5264,
27261,
9279,
723,
367,
970,
368,
29899,
26689,
29892,
12849,
29899,
262,
2763,
2693,
1860,
29889,
1670,
723,
367,
2211,
260,
4285,
310,
23990,
297,
1438,
4280,
267,
29892,
411,
777,
3006,
1934,
5146,
292,
10029,
2400,
29899,
28549,
29899,
10492,
364,
1237,
29892,
4045,
5146,
292,
376,
18253,
364,
1237,
29908,
393,
4612,
263,
5214,
29915,
29879,
13598,
1518,
11259,
2298,
28495,
515,
11757,
424,
10340,
29892,
322,
263,
901,
20365,
2313,
792,
287,
26485,
363,
4482,
29899,
262,
2763,
23990,
414,
29889,
13,
8809,
488,
540,
11286,
901,
2024,
27261,
11421,
29892,
22389,
1852,
1041,
701,
6626,
292,
338,
451,
263,
8002,
2933,
304,
27261,
21750,
3097,
4828,
29889,
14704,
29902,
626,
29962,
18109,
415,
936,
393,
723,
6446,
4505,
278,
1108,
1699,
540,
4083,
29889,
376,
29902,
1348,
393,
366,
723,
1603,
505,
633,
375,
573,
2982,
29880,
4339,
29889,
887,
723,
5517,
505,
14744,
29899,
9812,
364,
1237,
1213,
13,
1576,
2969,
363,
5264,
27261,
29892,
540,
1497,
29892,
338
] | 2,612 | 0 | CommonCrawl | 6 | 2 |
inspired by the approach taken in Vienna, Austria, where a large portion of the housing stock is mixed-income units built and maintained by the government or semi-public entities. Funding these mixed-income developments in Maryland would keep housing affordable while avoiding many of the problems of past public housing efforts, says Stewart, which often had the effect of concentrating poverty in marginal locations far from jobs or transit.
There's an inherent trade-off in this approach, however, says Michael Lewyn, a property law professor at Touro Law School. The more resources you devote toward helping median-income renters, the less money you have to spend on housing for low- and no-income folks.
"On the one hand, if you worry about concentrated poverty, the remedy for that is mixed-income housing," he tells Reason. "[But] if you have a major-league housing shortage, then your goal is to build as many units as possible."
In addition to devoting resources to building housing for folks who could likely afford private, market-rate alternatives, Stewart's bill would raise development costs in other ways. For instance, his legislation would require that public housing developments use unionized labor and pay prevailing wage rates, which will raise labor costs. It also prioritizes funding for social housing developments in high-income, job- and transit-rich census tracts, where land costs are going to be higher.
Whatever the merits of those requirements, they will mean that any single sum of money will end up buying fewer units of housing.
Lewyn notes that while Vienna might be an example of successful public housing policies, it is also a great example of a well-functioning private housing market.
"Yes, you have a huge amount of new [public] housing coming online, you also have private housing coming online," Lewyn says.
A February 2019 Huffington Post story on "Vienna's affordable housing paradise" notes that two-thirds of the 13,000 new homes built in the city each year are produced by private developers. That is way more public housing than any U.S. city is building. But it also happens to be way more private housing than any U.S. city is building.
A blog post by Lewyn in response to the HuffPo article notes that Vienna, a city of 1.8 million people, managed to add more total units in a single year than the comparatively more populous Manhattan did in three years. Vienna is even outbuilding Houston, a larger city known for its high rates of housing construction.
A 2016 study put out by Harvard University's Center for Joint Housing Studies comparing international rental markets found that in Austria as a whole, the median market-rate renter spent 20 percent of their income on housing. Not only is that lower than the 30 percent the median market-rate U.S. renter spends, it's also within spitting distance of the 16.7 percent of income Austrian renters in public housing are paying for housing.
That, again, suggests that an expansive public housing system in Austria is complemented by a lot of affordable private housing.
Lewyn argues that even in a very deregulated market, there will still be very low-income people who will not be able to find adequate private housing, necessitating some form of government assistance.
(The most libertarian policy would be to eliminate all regulations of housing quality so that people with very low incomes, or even no source of formal income, could rent or build dirt-cheap slum housing. Whether one finds that radical solution palatable probably turns on just how morally offensive one finds the redistributive taxation needed to fund supportive housing.)
In addition to his upzoning and social housing bills, Stewart's housing package also includes stepped-up tenant protections. Tenants who are stalking victims or have been harassed by their landlord on the basis of their sex, race, or gender identity would be allowed to terminate their leases early. Landlords would also have to return tenants' security deposits within 30 days, as opposed to the current 45.
Stewart hopes that by introducing his bills as a package, he will be able to assemble a winning coalition of different interest groups who don't normally pool their resources.
"Typically, how it works is the tenant activists testify in Annapolis on tenant bills, leftists go testify on public housing bills, and then your sort of | 0.964682 | 1.104529 | 1.2723 | 0.649427 | [
1.044123178357541,
0.8852408285936848
] | [
0.9111411340377601,
1.2979169076006594
] | [
1.368676966800863,
1.1759226488716583
] | [
0.8367258459284886,
0.4621285273000733
] | 1,024 | [
512,
512
] | [
20603,
491,
278,
2948,
4586,
297,
25309,
29892,
17362,
29892,
988,
263,
2919,
11910,
310,
278,
27261,
10961,
338,
12849,
29899,
262,
2763,
10340,
4240,
322,
19949,
491,
278,
5874,
470,
12647,
29899,
3597,
16212,
29889,
13249,
292,
1438,
12849,
29899,
262,
2763,
2693,
1860,
297,
22559,
723,
3013,
27261,
21750,
519,
1550,
4772,
292,
1784,
310,
278,
4828,
310,
4940,
970,
27261,
14231,
29892,
4083,
22389,
29892,
607,
4049,
750,
278,
2779,
310,
14953,
1218,
25273,
1017,
297,
15276,
979,
14354,
2215,
515,
17643,
470,
1301,
277,
29889,
13,
8439,
29915,
29879,
385,
7846,
296,
11302,
29899,
2696,
297,
445,
2948,
29892,
3138,
29892,
4083,
5765,
11906,
948,
29892,
263,
2875,
4307,
12251,
472,
323,
283,
307,
7927,
4523,
29889,
450,
901,
7788,
366,
2906,
866,
11183,
19912,
19194,
29899,
262,
2763,
23990,
414,
29892,
278,
3109,
6909,
366,
505,
304,
18864,
373,
27261,
363,
4482,
29899,
322,
694,
29899,
262,
2763,
900,
2039,
29889,
13,
29908,
2951,
278,
697,
1361,
29892,
565,
366,
15982,
1048,
14953,
630,
25273,
1017,
29892,
278,
1083,
7584,
363,
393,
338,
12849,
29899,
262,
2763,
27261,
1699,
540,
10603,
830,
1658,
29889,
14704,
6246,
29962,
565,
366,
505,
263,
4655,
29899,
280,
3437,
27261,
3273,
482,
29892,
769,
596,
7306,
338,
304,
2048,
408,
1784,
10340,
408,
1950,
1213,
13,
797,
6124,
304,
2906,
11427,
7788,
304,
5214,
27261,
363,
900,
2039,
1058,
1033,
5517,
21750,
2024,
29892,
9999,
29899,
10492,
27809,
29892,
22389,
29915,
29879,
11118,
723,
12020,
5849,
21544,
297,
916,
5837,
29889,
1152,
2777,
29892,
670,
13332,
362,
723,
1996,
393,
970,
27261,
2693,
1860,
671,
9833,
1891,
10212,
322,
5146,
12379,
737,
292,
281,
482,
19257,
29892,
607,
674,
12020,
10212,
21544,
29889,
739,
884,
7536,
277,
7093,
5220,
292,
363,
5264,
27261,
2693,
1860,
297,
1880,
29899,
262,
2763,
29892,
4982,
29899,
322,
1301,
277,
29899,
4018,
16411,
22330,
29879,
29892,
988,
2982,
21544,
526,
2675,
304,
367,
6133,
29889,
13,
8809,
5564,
278,
2778,
1169,
310,
1906,
11780,
29892,
896,
674,
2099,
393,
738,
2323,
2533,
310,
6909,
674,
1095,
701,
1321,
5414,
28145,
10340,
310,
27261,
29889,
13,
29931,
809,
948,
11486,
393,
1550,
25309,
1795,
367,
385,
1342,
310,
9150,
970,
27261,
24833,
29892,
372,
338,
884,
263,
2107,
1342,
310,
263,
1532,
29899,
2220,
292,
2024,
27261,
9999,
29889,
13,
29908,
8241,
29892,
366,
505,
263,
12176,
5253,
310,
716,
518,
3597,
29962,
27261,
6421,
7395,
29892,
366,
884,
505,
2024,
27261,
6421,
7395,
1699,
11906,
948,
4083,
29889,
13,
29909,
6339,
29871,
29906,
29900,
29896,
29929,
379,
3096,
4885,
4918,
5828,
373,
376,
29963,
819,
1056,
29915,
29879,
21750,
519,
27261,
26811,
895,
29908,
11486,
393,
1023,
29899,
22585,
29879,
310,
278,
29871,
29896,
29941,
29892,
29900,
29900,
29900,
716,
17774,
4240,
297,
278,
4272,
1269,
1629,
526,
7371,
491,
2024,
18777,
29889,
2193,
338,
982,
901,
970,
27261,
1135,
738,
501,
29889,
29903,
29889,
4272,
338,
5214,
29889,
1205,
372,
884,
5930,
304,
367,
982,
901,
2024,
27261,
1135,
738,
501,
29889,
29903,
29889,
4272,
338,
5214,
29889,
13,
29909,
12618,
1400,
491,
11906,
948,
297,
2933,
304,
278,
379,
3096,
9837,
4274,
11486,
393,
25309,
29892,
263,
4272,
310,
29871,
29896,
29889,
29947,
7284,
2305,
29892,
8745,
304,
788,
901,
3001,
10340,
297,
263,
2323,
1629,
1135,
278,
5734,
6703,
901,
14938,
681,
29093,
23586,
1258,
297,
2211,
2440,
29889,
25309,
338,
1584,
714,
25237,
24327,
29892,
263,
7200,
4272,
2998,
363,
967,
1880,
19257,
310,
27261,
7632,
29889,
13,
29909,
29871,
29906,
29900,
29896,
29953,
6559,
1925,
714,
491,
22221,
3014,
29915,
29879,
7817,
363,
435,
2461,
379,
681,
292,
16972,
17420,
6121,
364,
13703,
2791,
1691,
1476,
393,
297,
17362,
408,
263,
3353,
29892,
278,
19194,
9999,
29899,
10492,
364,
5893,
10398,
29871,
29906,
29900,
10151,
310,
1009,
17869,
373,
27261,
29889,
2216,
871,
338,
393,
5224,
1135,
278,
29871,
29941,
29900,
10151,
278,
19194,
9999,
29899,
10492,
501,
29889,
29903,
29889,
364,
5893,
805,
1975,
29892,
372,
29915,
29879,
884,
2629,
805,
5367,
5418,
310,
278,
29871,
29896,
29953,
29889,
29955,
10151,
310,
17869,
3330,
6392,
23990,
414,
297,
970,
27261,
526,
5146,
292,
363,
27261,
29889,
13,
7058,
29892,
1449,
29892,
14661,
393,
385,
1518,
550,
573,
970,
27261,
1788,
297,
17362,
338,
19595,
287,
491,
263,
3287,
310,
21750,
519,
2024,
27261,
29889,
13,
29931,
809,
948,
1852,
1041,
393,
1584,
297,
263,
1407,
589,
387,
7964,
9999,
29892,
727,
674,
1603,
367,
1407,
4482,
29899,
262,
2763,
2305,
1058,
674,
451,
367,
2221,
304,
1284,
19967,
339,
403,
2024,
27261,
29892,
3520,
277,
1218,
777,
883,
310,
5874,
18872,
29889,
13,
29898,
1576,
1556,
17176,
13956,
8898,
723,
367,
304,
27399,
599,
1072,
8250,
310,
27261,
11029,
577,
393,
2305,
411,
1407,
4482,
297,
26807,
29892,
470,
1584,
694,
2752,
310,
11595,
17869,
29892,
1033,
23990,
470,
2048,
270,
2728,
29899,
1173,
481,
2243,
398,
27261,
29889,
26460,
697,
14061,
393,
24818,
1650,
5112,
17219,
3117,
12169,
373,
925,
920,
3036,
635,
1283,
6270,
697,
14061,
278,
2654,
391,
1091,
11067,
8818,
362,
4312,
304,
5220,
2304,
573,
27261,
1846,
13,
797,
6124,
304,
670,
701,
6626,
292,
322,
5264,
27261,
289,
6090,
29892,
22389,
29915,
29879,
27261,
3577,
884,
7805,
28996,
29899,
786,
3006,
424,
3279,
1953,
29889,
12444,
1934,
1058,
526,
380,
2235,
292,
6879,
9893,
470,
505,
1063,
4023,
465,
287,
491,
1009,
2982,
29880,
536,
373,
278,
8405,
310,
1009,
7916,
29892,
8175,
29892,
470,
23346,
10110,
723,
367,
6068,
304,
29504,
1009,
454,
2129,
4688,
29889,
3172,
29880,
4339,
723,
884,
505,
304,
736,
3006,
1934,
29915,
6993,
19754,
1169,
2629,
29871,
29941,
29900,
3841,
29892,
408,
15869,
304,
278,
1857,
29871,
29946,
29945,
29889,
13,
7789,
10305,
26926,
393,
491,
4547,
3277,
670,
289,
6090,
408,
263,
3577,
29892,
540,
674,
367,
2221,
304,
24940,
263,
15613,
17148,
654,
310,
1422,
4066,
6471,
1058,
1016,
29915,
29873,
12891,
11565,
1009,
7788,
29889,
13,
29908,
24933,
1711,
29892,
920,
372,
1736,
338,
278,
3006,
424,
5039,
2879,
1243,
1598,
297,
8081,
25332,
373,
3006,
424,
289,
6090,
29892,
2175,
2879,
748,
1243,
1598,
373,
970,
27261,
289,
6090,
29892,
322,
769,
596,
2656,
310
] | 2,612 | 1,024 | CommonCrawl | 6 | 2 |
YIMBY urbanist types come testify on your efforts to create more density of private-market housing," he says. "I am trying to create a broad, durable coalition of people interested in housing justice who are often trapped in silos."
He says that since announcing his housing package, he's gotten messages of support from both socialists and hardcore free marketers.
Maryland's legislative session started yesterday. Stewart says he is hoping to get a hearing on his bills within the next few weeks.
NEXT: Republican Rep. Thomas Massie Signs On to House Bill Ending War in Iraq
Christian Britschgi is an associate editor at Reason.
Housing Policy Affordable Housing Maryland Zoning
Isaac Bartram
The main problem here is that for much of the unwashed masses, "affordable housing" means cheap housing.
Now, every unit of local government in the country relies on "ad valorem" taxing for its revenue* which is a sure incentive for making all housing as expensive as possible.
*There are possibly some that don't but I don't know of any. If anyone here does I would certainly like to here about them.
The next problem is that many of the unwashed masses do not want to live in cheap housing; ie, housing that they can actually afford. Many of their exposures to the world and the exhortations of populist activists have made them feel entitled to a standard of living far more luxurious than the one they are capable of paying for.
The next problem is that when cheap housing shows up, the affluent population will relocate, and take the desirable private business with it, and leave the desirable public business with little tax base.
Not necessarily. There are thousands of people willing to live in a tent surrounded by human waste garbage, rats and twitchy meth addicts– while refusing free housing.
JFree
Problem is – there aren't even a handful of homeowners who want those tent-dwellers in the same time-zone as them. No land – no tent
You have a good point. Many advocates will also insist that the housing should have real hardwood floors and granite countertops, rather than Pergo and Formica, because "That is what the middle class has!" Then there are the advocates who will insist on all the products should be green, increasing the price of everything by 25%. By the time they are finished arguing, it will be 50% to 100% over-budget, and 2-4 years behind schedule. By the time they are actually finished, a new wave of politicians will be in office and will have their own pet projects they want to fund. So they will cut the budget for repairs and maintenance. We've seen this happen again and again, all across the nation, in public housing developments. There is no reason for anyone to expect it to be any different this time.
Arden Delaware tries to do a land tax but its a fudge since Delaware is not a home rule state.
Likewise, there's maybe a dozen PA towns that do a two-tier – higher rate for land, lower for prop – but again a fudge
Looked at Austria to see what they do but it looks like just the usual Germanic no-subsidies-period stuff. Prop tax not land – but the no-subsidies stuff eliminates the bogus 'investment' demand which just drives up prices.
JohannesDinkle
Careful urban planning. Works every time.
"or even no source of formal income, could rent or build dirt-cheap slum housing"
That ship sailed a long time ago. There's no politician going to stand by while Jacob Riis snaps photographs of twelve people to a room while rats scurry about.
So you up the standards. Price of housing goes up accordingly. Then the new lowest standard is too low, standards are raised, costs go up accordingly. Repeat until we are where we are.
Don't be so sure. The New York City Housing Authority is the biggest scandal (rats, lead, roaches for decades) no one has ever heard of. MSM nothing. The NYT hid it on a buried community page.
Gray_Jay
And it's everywhere in NYC!
When that unlucky Barnard coed managed to get herself stabbed, few pointed out the giant NYC Housing development right next to Columbia University. I had no idea where Barnard exactly was, | -0.624141 | -0.254558 | -0.635588 | -0.240241 | [
-0.3639031626531846,
-0.8843798256727137
] | [
-0.4980835594529885,
-0.011032585336745017
] | [
-0.34201760482082666,
-0.929157402197285
] | [
-0.2662551478107343,
-0.2142277424456766
] | 1,024 | [
512,
512
] | [
612,
7833,
22716,
17164,
391,
4072,
2041,
1243,
1598,
373,
596,
14231,
304,
1653,
901,
9027,
310,
2024,
29899,
28549,
27261,
1699,
540,
4083,
29889,
376,
29902,
626,
1811,
304,
1653,
263,
7300,
29892,
1411,
519,
17148,
654,
310,
2305,
8852,
297,
27261,
15426,
1058,
526,
4049,
1020,
2986,
297,
4047,
359,
1213,
13,
3868,
4083,
393,
1951,
7475,
3277,
670,
27261,
3577,
29892,
540,
29915,
29879,
2355,
841,
7191,
310,
2304,
515,
1716,
5264,
2879,
322,
2898,
3221,
3889,
2791,
2699,
29889,
13,
29924,
653,
1049,
29915,
29879,
13332,
1230,
4867,
4687,
22600,
29889,
22389,
4083,
540,
338,
17231,
304,
679,
263,
22514,
373,
670,
289,
6090,
2629,
278,
2446,
2846,
11405,
29889,
13,
29940,
12194,
29901,
21178,
10088,
29889,
5569,
7360,
347,
9954,
29879,
1551,
304,
5619,
6682,
2796,
292,
3362,
297,
21375,
29939,
13,
18687,
713,
3230,
816,
3146,
338,
385,
25836,
6920,
472,
830,
1658,
29889,
13,
29950,
681,
292,
25219,
13737,
536,
519,
379,
681,
292,
22559,
796,
28259,
13,
3624,
29874,
562,
12245,
2572,
13,
1576,
1667,
1108,
1244,
338,
393,
363,
1568,
310,
278,
18500,
25936,
23063,
29892,
376,
3470,
536,
519,
27261,
29908,
2794,
28773,
27261,
29889,
13,
10454,
29892,
1432,
5190,
310,
1887,
5874,
297,
278,
4234,
337,
3687,
373,
376,
328,
659,
3668,
29908,
8818,
292,
363,
967,
337,
9947,
29930,
607,
338,
263,
1854,
297,
1760,
573,
363,
3907,
599,
27261,
408,
19390,
408,
1950,
29889,
13,
29930,
8439,
526,
10075,
777,
393,
1016,
29915,
29873,
541,
306,
1016,
29915,
29873,
1073,
310,
738,
29889,
960,
5019,
1244,
947,
306,
723,
8959,
763,
304,
1244,
1048,
963,
29889,
13,
1576,
2446,
1108,
338,
393,
1784,
310,
278,
18500,
25936,
23063,
437,
451,
864,
304,
5735,
297,
28773,
27261,
29936,
19282,
29892,
27261,
393,
896,
508,
2869,
21750,
29889,
9267,
310,
1009,
14060,
1973,
304,
278,
3186,
322,
278,
429,
29882,
441,
800,
310,
14938,
391,
5039,
2879,
505,
1754,
963,
4459,
23437,
304,
263,
3918,
310,
8471,
2215,
901,
21684,
332,
2738,
1135,
278,
697,
896,
526,
15390,
310,
5146,
292,
363,
29889,
13,
1576,
2446,
1108,
338,
393,
746,
28773,
27261,
3697,
701,
29892,
278,
2756,
6092,
296,
4665,
674,
337,
2029,
403,
29892,
322,
2125,
278,
553,
27797,
2024,
5381,
411,
372,
29892,
322,
5967,
278,
553,
27797,
970,
5381,
411,
2217,
8818,
2967,
29889,
13,
3664,
12695,
29889,
1670,
526,
17202,
310,
2305,
17762,
304,
5735,
297,
263,
12033,
22047,
491,
5199,
19863,
25861,
29892,
364,
1446,
322,
3252,
2335,
29891,
286,
621,
788,
919,
29879,
29994,
1550,
2143,
4746,
3889,
27261,
29889,
13,
29967,
20475,
13,
26604,
338,
785,
727,
9455,
29915,
29873,
1584,
263,
1361,
1319,
310,
3271,
776,
414,
1058,
864,
1906,
12033,
29899,
29881,
5872,
414,
297,
278,
1021,
931,
29899,
8028,
408,
963,
29889,
1939,
2982,
785,
694,
12033,
13,
3492,
505,
263,
1781,
1298,
29889,
9267,
22545,
1078,
674,
884,
1663,
391,
393,
278,
27261,
881,
505,
1855,
2898,
6115,
5685,
943,
322,
3803,
568,
6795,
3332,
29879,
29892,
3265,
1135,
2431,
1484,
322,
3812,
983,
29892,
1363,
376,
7058,
338,
825,
278,
7256,
770,
756,
3850,
1987,
727,
526,
278,
22545,
1078,
1058,
674,
1663,
391,
373,
599,
278,
9316,
881,
367,
7933,
29892,
10231,
278,
8666,
310,
4129,
491,
29871,
29906,
29945,
15543,
2648,
278,
931,
896,
526,
7743,
1852,
26420,
29892,
372,
674,
367,
29871,
29945,
29900,
29995,
304,
29871,
29896,
29900,
29900,
29995,
975,
29899,
15841,
657,
29892,
322,
29871,
29906,
29899,
29946,
2440,
5742,
20410,
29889,
2648,
278,
931,
896,
526,
2869,
7743,
29892,
263,
716,
10742,
310,
2832,
14722,
674,
367,
297,
8034,
322,
674,
505,
1009,
1914,
5697,
9279,
896,
864,
304,
5220,
29889,
1105,
896,
674,
5700,
278,
23562,
363,
1634,
7121,
322,
25413,
29889,
1334,
29915,
345,
3595,
445,
3799,
1449,
322,
1449,
29892,
599,
4822,
278,
5233,
29892,
297,
970,
27261,
2693,
1860,
29889,
1670,
338,
694,
2769,
363,
5019,
304,
2149,
372,
304,
367,
738,
1422,
445,
931,
29889,
13,
1433,
1145,
5556,
28327,
14335,
304,
437,
263,
2982,
8818,
541,
967,
263,
285,
566,
479,
1951,
5556,
28327,
338,
451,
263,
3271,
5751,
2106,
29889,
13,
27552,
3538,
29892,
727,
29915,
29879,
5505,
263,
24231,
17687,
20248,
393,
437,
263,
1023,
29899,
29873,
631,
785,
6133,
6554,
363,
2982,
29892,
5224,
363,
3107,
785,
541,
1449,
263,
285,
566,
479,
13,
14959,
287,
472,
17362,
304,
1074,
825,
896,
437,
541,
372,
3430,
763,
925,
278,
9670,
5332,
293,
694,
29899,
1491,
29879,
333,
583,
29899,
19145,
6433,
29889,
18264,
8818,
451,
2982,
785,
541,
278,
694,
29899,
1491,
29879,
333,
583,
6433,
10397,
1078,
278,
26652,
375,
525,
262,
10147,
358,
29915,
9667,
607,
925,
25100,
701,
26094,
29889,
13,
29967,
1148,
22393,
29928,
682,
280,
13,
29907,
598,
1319,
17164,
18987,
29889,
13976,
1432,
931,
29889,
13,
29908,
272,
1584,
694,
2752,
310,
11595,
17869,
29892,
1033,
23990,
470,
2048,
270,
2728,
29899,
1173,
481,
2243,
398,
27261,
29908,
13,
7058,
7751,
872,
2356,
263,
1472,
931,
8020,
29889,
1670,
29915,
29879,
694,
14099,
2675,
304,
2317,
491,
1550,
10968,
21710,
275,
5807,
2547,
17739,
29879,
310,
17680,
2305,
304,
263,
5716,
1550,
364,
1446,
885,
332,
719,
1048,
29889,
13,
6295,
366,
701,
278,
20801,
29889,
20743,
310,
27261,
5771,
701,
16205,
29889,
1987,
278,
716,
19604,
3918,
338,
2086,
4482,
29892,
20801,
526,
10425,
29892,
21544,
748,
701,
16205,
29889,
830,
11666,
2745,
591,
526,
988,
591,
526,
29889,
13,
10310,
29915,
29873,
367,
577,
1854,
29889,
450,
1570,
3088,
4412,
379,
681,
292,
13361,
537,
338,
278,
24842,
885,
24258,
313,
29878,
1446,
29892,
3275,
29892,
696,
14520,
363,
1602,
3076,
29897,
694,
697,
756,
3926,
6091,
310,
29889,
10888,
29924,
3078,
29889,
450,
23526,
29911,
20552,
372,
373,
263,
18550,
7881,
1813,
29889,
13,
29954,
764,
29918,
29967,
388,
13,
2855,
372,
29915,
29879,
16978,
297,
23526,
29907,
29991,
13,
10401,
393,
443,
29880,
14395,
2261,
29876,
538,
1302,
287,
8745,
304,
679,
8735,
380,
370,
2580,
29892,
2846,
11520,
714,
278,
28396,
23526,
29907,
379,
681,
292,
5849,
1492,
2446,
304,
15411,
3014,
29889,
306,
750,
694,
2969,
988,
2261,
29876,
538,
3721,
471,
29892
] | 2,612 | 2,048 | CommonCrawl | 6 | 2 |
looked on satellite view, and thought, 'Oh. Hi, Harlem!' Then I noticed in that satellite view just how many projects New York had, and how you could recognize the buildings from space. They've a bunch of them.
So something that endemic, that rooted in city government, no wonder they've been able to bury many of the horror stories.
They should just institute busing (except in rural areas, like where I live god dammit). Howard County, MD just announced their plan for busing students and I have heard home values dropped in those areas effected. Of course the racist White and Asian democrats who live in the county have already filed an injunction against the plan because the board voted, the measure lost and then they had a secret vote later and a vote was changed so the measure passed. So all is normal in the Peoples Republic of Maryland.
Hey Maryland and Virginia, get ready for NYC in the 70's. Not to worry, when Sanders or Warren get in they can just raise the HUD budget to 50-60trillion. Still lower than MFA. Here's a lengthy investigation from DC,
https://dailycaller.com/2019/10/08/liberal-network-racial-equity-policies/
Is this Soros guy really a fucking socialist? I mean, I've heard all the conspiracy theories, supposedly from right wing Nazis. –I guess the U.S. really, really wants socialism. Who knows.
"This is no longer just a problem of the poorest Marylanders being able to afford a roof over their heads."
"And *that* is why I am endorsing John Yang for President."
Secure the bag!
chemjeff radical individualist
All of these micro regulations and restrictions on what private property owners may do with their own land just hurt my head thinking about them.
I'm normally not a SMASH THE STATE type of radical, but when it comes to this topic and these regulations, I could be convinced to get a little smashy.
OK,I'll admit I didn't make it through the article; got stopped right here:
"…Of the three, Stewart's Modest Homes Choices Act is the one most likely to appeal to free marketers. According to summary language provided to Reason, the bill would require all local governments in the state to allow for the development of duplexes on residential parcels currently zoned for single-family dwellings in "qualifying census tracts." Qualifying tracts would need to be within a mile of a major transit stop, have 5,000 jobs per square mile, or have a median household income twice that of a metro area's median income…"
Yep, 'free market' right there.
"…"I am trying to create a broad, durable coalition of people interested in housing justice who are often trapped in silos."…"
Stuff your 'housing justice' up your ass. Can't afford to live where you want to? Live where you can afford it.
Fat Mike's Drug Habit
January.10.2020 at 1:10 pm
Furthermore, if we're going to provide public housing I don't understand why we have to provide it in locations with high real estate costs and high costs of living.
Homeless in NYC? Cool, here's a house in Bumfuck, Kansas. Don't like that? Also cool, pay for your own fucking housing in NYC.
January.9.2020 at 11:55 pm
"I think that you would still have abusive landlords. You would likely have sky-high rents."
It is funny and tragic how they blame landlords who have no control over supply and demand, which is what determines price. Government zoning, rent control, and excessive regulations and 100% the culprits in the "housing justice" issue. Since the politicos can't bring themselves to admit that, we can assume they will not attack the real problem and it will continue unabated.
"…He says that since announcing his housing package, he's gotten messages of support from both socialists and hardcore free marketers…"
He's lying.
"People's incomes have remained stagnant and the cost of housing has gone up," says Del. Vaughn Stewart (D– | -0.837811 | -0.352147 | -0.969103 | -0.417785 | [
-0.922730737684679,
-0.7528909844888326
] | [
-0.35975750154681274,
-0.3445371586056801
] | [
-1.1295204432026422,
-0.8086859534915322
] | [
-0.7592148136446558,
-0.07635511822827373
] | 1,024 | [
512,
512
] | [
5148,
373,
28421,
1776,
29892,
322,
2714,
29892,
525,
9048,
29889,
6324,
29892,
3536,
2409,
20714,
1987,
306,
10548,
297,
393,
28421,
1776,
925,
920,
1784,
9279,
1570,
3088,
750,
29892,
322,
920,
366,
1033,
18720,
278,
13814,
515,
2913,
29889,
2688,
29915,
345,
263,
14928,
310,
963,
29889,
13,
6295,
1554,
393,
427,
24552,
29892,
393,
3876,
287,
297,
4272,
5874,
29892,
694,
4997,
896,
29915,
345,
1063,
2221,
304,
289,
2857,
1784,
310,
278,
23026,
15874,
29889,
13,
15597,
881,
925,
832,
12356,
3593,
292,
313,
19499,
297,
17692,
10161,
29892,
763,
988,
306,
5735,
7339,
5625,
2415,
467,
17430,
5127,
29892,
20672,
925,
9326,
1009,
3814,
363,
3593,
292,
8041,
322,
306,
505,
6091,
3271,
1819,
13700,
297,
1906,
10161,
2779,
287,
29889,
4587,
3236,
278,
11021,
391,
8037,
322,
20021,
1261,
8415,
1446,
1058,
5735,
297,
278,
15178,
505,
2307,
934,
29881,
385,
10899,
651,
2750,
278,
3814,
1363,
278,
7613,
24854,
29892,
278,
5645,
5714,
322,
769,
896,
750,
263,
7035,
11719,
2678,
322,
263,
11719,
471,
3939,
577,
278,
5645,
4502,
29889,
1105,
599,
338,
4226,
297,
278,
3938,
459,
793,
8063,
310,
22559,
29889,
13,
29950,
1032,
22559,
322,
11653,
29892,
679,
7960,
363,
23526,
29907,
297,
278,
29871,
29955,
29900,
29915,
29879,
29889,
2216,
304,
15982,
29892,
746,
8564,
414,
470,
24511,
679,
297,
896,
508,
925,
12020,
278,
379,
15789,
23562,
304,
29871,
29945,
29900,
29899,
29953,
29900,
509,
453,
291,
29889,
12074,
5224,
1135,
341,
4519,
29889,
2266,
29915,
29879,
263,
3309,
29891,
22522,
515,
13681,
29892,
13,
991,
597,
29881,
8683,
4804,
261,
29889,
510,
29914,
29906,
29900,
29896,
29929,
29914,
29896,
29900,
29914,
29900,
29947,
29914,
492,
495,
284,
29899,
11618,
29899,
336,
1455,
29899,
1686,
537,
29899,
3733,
293,
583,
29914,
13,
3624,
445,
17784,
359,
1410,
29891,
2289,
263,
285,
2707,
292,
5264,
391,
29973,
306,
2099,
29892,
306,
29915,
345,
6091,
599,
278,
21588,
29875,
10068,
25841,
29892,
7424,
368,
515,
1492,
21612,
11409,
275,
29889,
785,
29902,
4140,
278,
501,
29889,
29903,
29889,
2289,
29892,
2289,
10753,
5264,
1608,
29889,
11644,
9906,
29889,
13,
29908,
4013,
338,
694,
5520,
925,
263,
1108,
310,
278,
6460,
342,
22559,
414,
1641,
2221,
304,
21750,
263,
17526,
975,
1009,
15883,
1213,
13,
29908,
2855,
334,
5747,
29930,
338,
2020,
306,
626,
1095,
943,
292,
2259,
27583,
363,
7178,
1213,
13,
7898,
545,
278,
19548,
29991,
13,
14969,
1324,
600,
24818,
5375,
391,
13,
3596,
310,
1438,
9200,
1072,
8250,
322,
25091,
373,
825,
2024,
2875,
1914,
414,
1122,
437,
411,
1009,
1914,
2982,
925,
21682,
590,
2343,
7291,
1048,
963,
29889,
13,
29902,
29915,
29885,
12891,
451,
263,
317,
1529,
7068,
6093,
6850,
3040,
1134,
310,
24818,
29892,
541,
746,
372,
5304,
304,
445,
11261,
322,
1438,
1072,
8250,
29892,
306,
1033,
367,
25617,
304,
679,
263,
2217,
1560,
1161,
29891,
29889,
13,
8949,
29892,
29902,
29915,
645,
20000,
306,
3282,
29915,
29873,
1207,
372,
1549,
278,
4274,
29936,
2355,
11084,
1492,
1244,
29901,
13,
29908,
30098,
2776,
278,
2211,
29892,
22389,
29915,
29879,
3382,
342,
15089,
267,
14542,
1575,
3185,
338,
278,
697,
1556,
5517,
304,
25530,
304,
3889,
2791,
2699,
29889,
7579,
304,
15837,
4086,
4944,
304,
830,
1658,
29892,
278,
11118,
723,
1996,
599,
1887,
4095,
1860,
297,
278,
2106,
304,
2758,
363,
278,
5849,
310,
868,
552,
9100,
373,
20201,
616,
20067,
1379,
5279,
503,
22367,
363,
2323,
29899,
11922,
24013,
886,
297,
376,
15380,
9215,
16411,
22330,
29879,
1213,
15146,
9215,
22330,
29879,
723,
817,
304,
367,
2629,
263,
17967,
310,
263,
4655,
1301,
277,
5040,
29892,
505,
29871,
29945,
29892,
29900,
29900,
29900,
17643,
639,
6862,
17967,
29892,
470,
505,
263,
19194,
22329,
17869,
8951,
393,
310,
263,
1539,
307,
4038,
29915,
29879,
19194,
17869,
30098,
29908,
13,
29979,
1022,
29892,
525,
9021,
9999,
29915,
1492,
727,
29889,
13,
29908,
30098,
29908,
29902,
626,
1811,
304,
1653,
263,
7300,
29892,
1411,
519,
17148,
654,
310,
2305,
8852,
297,
27261,
15426,
1058,
526,
4049,
1020,
2986,
297,
4047,
359,
1213,
30098,
29908,
13,
855,
3096,
596,
525,
29882,
681,
292,
15426,
29915,
701,
596,
1223,
29889,
1815,
29915,
29873,
21750,
304,
5735,
988,
366,
864,
304,
29973,
10782,
988,
366,
508,
21750,
372,
29889,
13,
29943,
271,
12828,
29915,
29879,
360,
11124,
15221,
277,
13,
29967,
15623,
653,
29889,
29896,
29900,
29889,
29906,
29900,
29906,
29900,
472,
29871,
29896,
29901,
29896,
29900,
26354,
13,
29943,
332,
721,
5514,
29892,
565,
591,
29915,
276,
2675,
304,
3867,
970,
27261,
306,
1016,
29915,
29873,
2274,
2020,
591,
505,
304,
3867,
372,
297,
14354,
411,
1880,
1855,
19989,
21544,
322,
1880,
21544,
310,
8471,
29889,
13,
24259,
6393,
297,
23526,
29907,
29973,
315,
1507,
29892,
1244,
29915,
29879,
263,
3699,
297,
350,
398,
29888,
2707,
29892,
20029,
29889,
3872,
29915,
29873,
763,
393,
29973,
3115,
12528,
29892,
5146,
363,
596,
1914,
285,
2707,
292,
27261,
297,
23526,
29907,
29889,
13,
29967,
15623,
653,
29889,
29929,
29889,
29906,
29900,
29906,
29900,
472,
29871,
29896,
29896,
29901,
29945,
29945,
26354,
13,
29908,
29902,
1348,
393,
366,
723,
1603,
505,
633,
375,
573,
2982,
29880,
4339,
29889,
887,
723,
5517,
505,
14744,
29899,
9812,
364,
1237,
1213,
13,
3112,
338,
2090,
1460,
322,
25305,
293,
920,
896,
1999,
420,
2982,
29880,
4339,
1058,
505,
694,
2761,
975,
11421,
322,
9667,
29892,
607,
338,
825,
3683,
1475,
8666,
29889,
10354,
503,
28259,
29892,
23990,
2761,
29892,
322,
19163,
573,
1072,
8250,
322,
29871,
29896,
29900,
29900,
29995,
278,
13949,
558,
1169,
297,
278,
376,
29882,
681,
292,
15426,
29908,
2228,
29889,
4001,
278,
2832,
4869,
508,
29915,
29873,
6963,
6053,
304,
20000,
393,
29892,
591,
508,
5251,
896,
674,
451,
5337,
278,
1855,
1108,
322,
372,
674,
6773,
443,
370,
630,
29889,
13,
29908,
30098,
3868,
4083,
393,
1951,
7475,
3277,
670,
27261,
3577,
29892,
540,
29915,
29879,
2355,
841,
7191,
310,
2304,
515,
1716,
5264,
2879,
322,
2898,
3221,
3889,
2791,
2699,
30098,
29908,
13,
3868,
29915,
29879,
19214,
29889,
13,
29908,
15666,
1991,
29915,
29879,
297,
26807,
505,
9488,
380,
4211,
424,
322,
278,
3438,
310,
27261,
756,
7695,
701,
1699,
4083,
5556,
29889,
478,
2987,
3123,
22389,
313,
29928,
29994
] | 2,612 | 3,072 | CommonCrawl | 4 | 1 |
Adjunct & Emeriti Faculty
ABA Disclosures
Character & Fitness Requirements
Manuals & Policies
Second-and-Third-Year Students
Alumni Magazine and Newsletter
Intramural Legal Skills Competitions
Cumberland School of Law is one of only a few law schools where law students run intramural advocacy competitions.
Cumberland School of Law is one of only a few law schools where law students run intramural advocacy competitions. The trial advocacy board and the Henry Upson Sims Moot Court Board oversee the student-run intramural competitions. The board members are Cumberland School of Law students. The trial board is led by a student chief judge and the moot court board is led by a student chief justice. Each board also has student executive officers and members. The executive officers are responsible for scheduling, recruiting judges, problem selection and distribution, rules and score tabulation. All members of the board judge the preliminary rounds of the competitions. The final rounds are judged by local attorneys and judges. The winners of the competitions are eligible to represent Cumberland School of Law in national trial, appellate and alternative dispute competitions.
Trial Advocacy Board
The Cumberland Trial Advocacy Board is dedicated to educating and training law students to become competent, aggressive and ethical trial attorneys. Cumberland School of Law's clinical program is nationally recognized. The trial board sponsors mock trial competitions each semester in which students compete in various mock trials that resemble real federal trials judged by experienced student advocates, attorneys, and judges. The trial board encourages freshmen to participate as witnesses during their first semester and in the freshman competition the second semester. In addition, the board sponsors negotiation, mediation and client counseling competitions.
Two-person teams present preliminary motions, opening statements, direct and cross-examination of witnesses and closing arguments in trial and arbitration competitions.
Teams interview mock clients and are judged on their ability to communicate, elicit facts, advise and recommend appropriate actions in client counseling competitions.
Teams are judged on how they use an effective combination of advocacy skills and problem-solving abilities in negotiation and mediation representation competitions. Participants learn about each other's interests, brainstorm options and select and shape a solution that meets their interests.
Henry Upson Sims Moot Court Board
The Henry Upson Sims Moot Court Board has actively participated in national moot court competitions, winning high national and regional honors in these events. The board is composed of junior and senior students who have demonstrated excellence in both their writing and appellate advocacy skills. New members are selected each fall and spring based on the applicant's appellate experience, writing skills and G.P.A. The moot court competitions resemble appellate arguments with each side arguing for their client in front of three appellate judges. The moot court competitions are a great way to enhance legal arguing skills.
Moot court competitions simulate actual appellate arguments, which consist of written briefs and oral arguments given in front of a panel of judges.
Listing of Intramural Competitions
Albert P. Brewer Client Counseling Competition
The Albert P. Brewer Client Counseling Competition is named for current law professor and former Alabama Governor Albert P. Brewer. The competition simulates a law office consultation in which law students, acting as attorneys, are presented with a client matter. They conduct an interview with a person playing the role of the client and then explain how they would proceed further in the hypothetical situation.
The trial advocacy board provides students with the opportunity to compete in an arbitration competition during each semester. Essentially, arbitration is a trial around a conference table. In competition, law students will act as attorneys in an arbitration setting. The competition measures how well law students prepare and present an arbitration case, including opening statements, witness examinations, exhibit introductions, evidentiary presentations and summations. The national arbitration team is selected from the intramural competition. The national team includes the competitors who will best represent Cumberland School of Law in regional and national competitions sponsored by the American Bar Association's Section of Dispute Resolution.
Gordon T. Saad Appellate Advocacy Competition
The Saad App | 0.119935 | 0.871747 | 1.972302 | 0.220201 | [
-0.09202258999693072,
0.33189195527818566
] | [
0.8824910767368046,
0.861003533761088
] | [
1.7136057462531236,
2.230998915431514
] | [
0.12395039242719835,
0.31645179227791176
] | 1,024 | [
512,
512
] | [
2087,
29926,
18049,
669,
27718,
4812,
14184,
18857,
13,
2882,
29909,
3295,
11291,
1973,
13,
20755,
669,
383,
277,
2264,
830,
1548,
1860,
13,
2517,
27101,
669,
2043,
293,
583,
13,
11863,
29899,
392,
29899,
1349,
1823,
29899,
12883,
5088,
1237,
13,
2499,
1227,
29875,
17880,
322,
10130,
15670,
13,
797,
509,
314,
3631,
5682,
284,
4971,
6090,
24620,
2187,
13,
29907,
2807,
1049,
4523,
310,
7927,
338,
697,
310,
871,
263,
2846,
4307,
12462,
988,
4307,
8041,
1065,
11158,
314,
3631,
22545,
4135,
5100,
2187,
29889,
13,
29907,
2807,
1049,
4523,
310,
7927,
338,
697,
310,
871,
263,
2846,
4307,
12462,
988,
4307,
8041,
1065,
11158,
314,
3631,
22545,
4135,
5100,
2187,
29889,
450,
14260,
22545,
4135,
7613,
322,
278,
6498,
501,
11869,
3439,
29879,
341,
3155,
9245,
12590,
975,
4149,
278,
8368,
29899,
3389,
11158,
314,
3631,
5100,
2187,
29889,
450,
7613,
5144,
526,
315,
2807,
1049,
4523,
310,
7927,
8041,
29889,
450,
14260,
7613,
338,
5331,
491,
263,
8368,
9087,
16833,
322,
278,
2730,
327,
8973,
7613,
338,
5331,
491,
263,
8368,
9087,
15426,
29889,
7806,
7613,
884,
756,
8368,
22760,
13049,
322,
5144,
29889,
450,
22760,
13049,
526,
14040,
363,
28598,
19478,
29892,
1162,
9216,
292,
6577,
2710,
29892,
1108,
9262,
322,
4978,
29892,
6865,
322,
8158,
4434,
2785,
29889,
2178,
5144,
310,
278,
7613,
16833,
278,
758,
2576,
3821,
364,
3885,
310,
278,
5100,
2187,
29889,
450,
2186,
364,
3885,
526,
6577,
3192,
491,
1887,
1098,
272,
484,
952,
322,
6577,
2710,
29889,
450,
281,
16697,
310,
278,
5100,
2187,
526,
560,
335,
1821,
304,
2755,
315,
2807,
1049,
4523,
310,
7927,
297,
4797,
14260,
29892,
623,
514,
403,
322,
8671,
28447,
5100,
2187,
29889,
13,
29911,
9315,
25215,
542,
4135,
12590,
13,
1576,
315,
2807,
1049,
8602,
284,
25215,
542,
4135,
12590,
338,
16955,
304,
6320,
1218,
322,
6694,
4307,
8041,
304,
4953,
5100,
296,
29892,
946,
3663,
573,
322,
11314,
936,
14260,
1098,
272,
484,
952,
29889,
315,
2807,
1049,
4523,
310,
7927,
29915,
29879,
24899,
936,
1824,
338,
5233,
635,
14831,
29889,
450,
14260,
7613,
21955,
943,
11187,
14260,
5100,
2187,
1269,
3031,
4156,
297,
607,
8041,
752,
2650,
297,
5164,
11187,
3367,
1338,
393,
620,
6967,
1855,
17097,
3367,
1338,
6577,
3192,
491,
18860,
8368,
22545,
1078,
29892,
1098,
272,
484,
952,
29892,
322,
6577,
2710,
29889,
450,
14260,
7613,
18443,
267,
10849,
1527,
304,
5221,
403,
408,
16277,
267,
2645,
1009,
937,
3031,
4156,
322,
297,
278,
10849,
1171,
13888,
278,
1473,
3031,
4156,
29889,
512,
6124,
29892,
278,
7613,
21955,
943,
3480,
327,
11685,
29892,
1612,
11685,
322,
3132,
2613,
2838,
292,
5100,
2187,
29889,
13,
13985,
29899,
10532,
10907,
2198,
758,
2576,
3821,
3184,
1080,
29892,
8718,
9506,
29892,
1513,
322,
4891,
29899,
735,
314,
3381,
310,
16277,
267,
322,
14382,
6273,
297,
14260,
322,
9727,
362,
5100,
2187,
29889,
13,
7141,
2232,
15593,
11187,
13154,
322,
526,
6577,
3192,
373,
1009,
11509,
304,
23120,
29892,
560,
293,
277,
17099,
29892,
22939,
322,
6907,
8210,
8820,
297,
3132,
2613,
2838,
292,
5100,
2187,
29889,
13,
7141,
2232,
526,
6577,
3192,
373,
920,
896,
671,
385,
11828,
10296,
310,
22545,
4135,
25078,
322,
1108,
29899,
2929,
1747,
633,
9770,
297,
3480,
327,
11685,
322,
1612,
11685,
8954,
5100,
2187,
29889,
3455,
12654,
1934,
5110,
1048,
1269,
916,
29915,
29879,
20017,
29892,
4105,
2611,
555,
3987,
322,
1831,
322,
8267,
263,
1650,
393,
28103,
1009,
20017,
29889,
13,
24030,
719,
501,
11869,
3439,
29879,
341,
3155,
9245,
12590,
13,
1576,
6498,
501,
11869,
3439,
29879,
341,
3155,
9245,
12590,
756,
1044,
3598,
25223,
297,
4797,
2730,
327,
8973,
5100,
2187,
29892,
15613,
1880,
4797,
322,
14014,
4207,
943,
297,
1438,
4959,
29889,
450,
7613,
338,
13725,
310,
20183,
322,
16336,
8041,
1058,
505,
28585,
12567,
663,
297,
1716,
1009,
5007,
322,
623,
514,
403,
22545,
4135,
25078,
29889,
1570,
5144,
526,
4629,
1269,
6416,
322,
6709,
2729,
373,
278,
15576,
424,
29915,
29879,
623,
514,
403,
7271,
29892,
5007,
25078,
322,
402,
29889,
29925,
29889,
29909,
29889,
450,
2730,
327,
8973,
5100,
2187,
620,
6967,
623,
514,
403,
6273,
411,
1269,
2625,
1852,
26420,
363,
1009,
3132,
297,
4565,
310,
2211,
623,
514,
403,
6577,
2710,
29889,
450,
2730,
327,
8973,
5100,
2187,
526,
263,
2107,
982,
304,
26371,
749,
11706,
1852,
26420,
25078,
29889,
13,
29924,
3155,
8973,
5100,
2187,
29611,
3935,
623,
514,
403,
6273,
29892,
607,
5718,
310,
3971,
11473,
29879,
322,
470,
284,
6273,
2183,
297,
4565,
310,
263,
9451,
310,
6577,
2710,
29889,
13,
1293,
292,
310,
512,
509,
314,
3631,
24620,
2187,
13,
2499,
2151,
349,
29889,
5826,
556,
12477,
6237,
2838,
292,
24620,
654,
13,
1576,
10537,
349,
29889,
5826,
556,
12477,
6237,
2838,
292,
24620,
654,
338,
4257,
363,
1857,
4307,
12251,
322,
4642,
26911,
15431,
10537,
349,
29889,
5826,
556,
29889,
450,
13888,
1027,
352,
1078,
263,
4307,
8034,
8799,
362,
297,
607,
4307,
8041,
29892,
16684,
408,
1098,
272,
484,
952,
29892,
526,
9132,
411,
263,
3132,
4383,
29889,
2688,
7512,
385,
15593,
411,
263,
2022,
8743,
278,
6297,
310,
278,
3132,
322,
769,
5649,
920,
896,
723,
8469,
4340,
297,
278,
13752,
300,
936,
6434,
29889,
13,
1576,
14260,
22545,
4135,
7613,
8128,
8041,
411,
278,
15130,
304,
752,
2650,
297,
385,
9727,
362,
13888,
2645,
1269,
3031,
4156,
29889,
11044,
9247,
29892,
9727,
362,
338,
263,
14260,
2820,
263,
21362,
1591,
29889,
512,
13888,
29892,
4307,
8041,
674,
1044,
408,
1098,
272,
484,
952,
297,
385,
9727,
362,
4444,
29889,
450,
13888,
15366,
920,
1532,
4307,
8041,
19012,
322,
2198,
385,
9727,
362,
1206,
29892,
3704,
8718,
9506,
29892,
16277,
4392,
262,
800,
29892,
10371,
277,
4547,
1953,
29892,
13602,
29875,
653,
2198,
800,
322,
22792,
800,
29889,
450,
4797,
9727,
362,
3815,
338,
4629,
515,
278,
11158,
314,
3631,
13888,
29889,
450,
4797,
3815,
7805,
278,
5100,
17259,
1058,
674,
1900,
2755,
315,
2807,
1049,
4523,
310,
7927,
297,
14014,
322,
4797,
5100,
2187,
21955,
4395,
491,
278,
3082,
2261,
7993,
29915,
29879,
9779,
310,
3295,
649,
29872,
24062,
918,
29889,
13,
29954,
14224,
323,
29889,
5701,
328,
2401,
514,
403,
25215,
542,
4135,
24620,
654,
13,
1576,
5701,
328,
2401
] | 2,614 | 0 | CommonCrawl | 11 | 19 |
ellate Advocacy Competition is a Cumberland School of Law student-run intramural competition held in the fall of each school year. Participants receive the record of a fictional case that is on appeal and write the argument portion of one issue as either the petitioner or respondent. Students then argue that issue in front of practicing attorneys and judges, who act as appellate court justices. As students advance, they argue different issues and positions. In 2012, 35 students participated in the four-round competition, which also served as tryouts for the law school's national appellate advocacy team. The winner of Saad is awarded a spot on the national team.
Henry C. Strickland Negotiation Competition
The competition is named in honor of Professor Henry C. Strickland who joined the Cumberland School of Law faculty in 1988. He regularly teaches courses on alternative dispute resolution, civil procedure, and conflict of laws. Also, he has taught courses on constitutional law and remedies. His primary research interests include arbitration law, constitutional law and legal education, and he continues to write and speak on those topics. Strickland served as the law school's associate dean for academic affairs from 2001 to 2011.
The negotiation competition is held in a traditional format with several judges and two to four competitors per room. Participating students act as attorneys on behalf of their clients during the negotiation rounds. The competitors are given a new problem each round. The executive board members of Cumberland School of Law's Trial Advocacy Board judge the competition using strict criteria provided in the national negotiation competition rules. The negotiation competition is held several times throughout the year. In the fall semester, the students participating in the negotiation competition compete for a spot on the national negotiation team. The coaches monitor the competition and make their decisions based on each student's performance. The competitions consist of three to five rounds, depending on the number of competitors.
Herbert W. Peterson Trial Competition
The Herbert W. Peterson National Trial Team Competition or The Peterson as it's referred to in the halls of the law school serves as the proverbial battleground for some of Cumberland School of Law's strongest future-litigators to compete for a spot on one of the nation's top trial teams. This student-run intramural competition is done in a traditional judge and jury format, similar to the Haley and Williams Trial Competitions, but with a few unique qualities.
First and foremost, advocating in The Peterson brings you more than just the sense of accomplishment from a trial well done. The Peterson is the application process to be a member of the law school's nationally ranked trial team. The Peterson takes place during the first few weeks of each fall semester. Every competitor advocates in two rounds before the advancement round.
The Peterson is also unique in that the competitors are randomly assigned their responsibilities for each round, as well as which witness they will direct and cross-examine ands who their partner will be for each round. Lastly, The Peterson is unique because all the judges of this competition are active litigators in the Alabama Bar.
James O. Haley Federal Trial Competition
The Haley Federal Trial Competition is a Cumberland School of Law student-run intramural competition named in the honor of former law school faculty member James O. Haley. In the book titled James O. Haley—Lawyer, Judge, Teacher, Advocate written by Ronald H. Dikes, Haley is described by Governor Albert P. Brewer as being "widely recognized as one of Alabama's greatest trial lawyers." Brewer goes on to say, "[Haley] challenged and molded a generation of young lawyers, for whom he served as a role model of professionalism."
Janie L. Shores Appellate Advocacy Competition
This competition is named for Janie L. Shores, the first female justice to serve on the Supreme Court of Alabama who became the first full-time female law faculty member in Alabama when she joined Cumberland School of Law in 1965.
This competition is held in the spring and focuses on sharpening the appellate advocacy skills of second- and third-year law students. In the Shores competition, participants compete in pairs. They write the argument portion | 0.723619 | 1.240617 | 1.891143 | 0.38929 | [
0.42502988445010137,
1.0222083714935608
] | [
1.3265669649016147,
1.1546666210958818
] | [
2.149839202619218,
1.6324460334408268
] | [
0.378884678715981,
0.3996956408620041
] | 1,024 | [
512,
512
] | [
514,
403,
25215,
542,
4135,
24620,
654,
338,
263,
315,
2807,
1049,
4523,
310,
7927,
8368,
29899,
3389,
11158,
314,
3631,
13888,
4934,
297,
278,
6416,
310,
1269,
3762,
1629,
29889,
3455,
12654,
1934,
7150,
278,
2407,
310,
263,
26797,
1848,
1206,
393,
338,
373,
25530,
322,
2436,
278,
2980,
11910,
310,
697,
2228,
408,
2845,
278,
5697,
654,
261,
470,
10049,
296,
29889,
5088,
1237,
769,
27754,
393,
2228,
297,
4565,
310,
4120,
18499,
1098,
272,
484,
952,
322,
6577,
2710,
29892,
1058,
1044,
408,
623,
514,
403,
8973,
925,
1575,
29889,
1094,
8041,
6564,
29892,
896,
27754,
1422,
5626,
322,
11909,
29889,
512,
29871,
29906,
29900,
29896,
29906,
29892,
29871,
29941,
29945,
8041,
25223,
297,
278,
3023,
29899,
14486,
13888,
29892,
607,
884,
6766,
408,
1018,
17718,
363,
278,
4307,
3762,
29915,
29879,
4797,
623,
514,
403,
22545,
4135,
3815,
29889,
450,
19576,
310,
5701,
328,
338,
15074,
263,
9758,
373,
278,
4797,
3815,
29889,
13,
24030,
719,
315,
29889,
3767,
860,
1049,
12610,
327,
11685,
24620,
654,
13,
1576,
13888,
338,
4257,
297,
10657,
310,
11386,
6498,
315,
29889,
3767,
860,
1049,
1058,
8772,
278,
315,
2807,
1049,
4523,
310,
7927,
4024,
18857,
297,
29871,
29896,
29929,
29947,
29947,
29889,
940,
25704,
6860,
267,
21888,
373,
8671,
28447,
10104,
29892,
7631,
8792,
29892,
322,
14529,
310,
14243,
29889,
3115,
29892,
540,
756,
16187,
21888,
373,
16772,
284,
4307,
322,
1083,
287,
583,
29889,
3600,
7601,
5925,
20017,
3160,
9727,
362,
4307,
29892,
16772,
284,
4307,
322,
11706,
9793,
29892,
322,
540,
18172,
304,
2436,
322,
7726,
373,
1906,
23820,
29889,
3767,
860,
1049,
6766,
408,
278,
4307,
3762,
29915,
29879,
25836,
316,
273,
363,
21567,
19469,
515,
29871,
29906,
29900,
29900,
29896,
304,
29871,
29906,
29900,
29896,
29896,
29889,
13,
1576,
3480,
327,
11685,
13888,
338,
4934,
297,
263,
13807,
3402,
411,
3196,
6577,
2710,
322,
1023,
304,
3023,
5100,
17259,
639,
5716,
29889,
3455,
12654,
1218,
8041,
1044,
408,
1098,
272,
484,
952,
373,
2306,
3131,
310,
1009,
13154,
2645,
278,
3480,
327,
11685,
364,
3885,
29889,
450,
5100,
17259,
526,
2183,
263,
716,
1108,
1269,
4513,
29889,
450,
22760,
7613,
5144,
310,
315,
2807,
1049,
4523,
310,
7927,
29915,
29879,
8602,
284,
25215,
542,
4135,
12590,
16833,
278,
13888,
773,
9406,
16614,
4944,
297,
278,
4797,
3480,
327,
11685,
13888,
6865,
29889,
450,
3480,
327,
11685,
13888,
338,
4934,
3196,
3064,
10106,
278,
1629,
29889,
512,
278,
6416,
3031,
4156,
29892,
278,
8041,
5221,
1218,
297,
278,
3480,
327,
11685,
13888,
752,
2650,
363,
263,
9758,
373,
278,
4797,
3480,
327,
11685,
3815,
29889,
450,
11182,
267,
11819,
278,
13888,
322,
1207,
1009,
1602,
12112,
2729,
373,
1269,
8368,
29915,
29879,
4180,
29889,
450,
5100,
2187,
5718,
310,
2211,
304,
5320,
364,
3885,
29892,
8679,
373,
278,
1353,
310,
5100,
17259,
29889,
13,
18650,
2151,
399,
29889,
5879,
1330,
8602,
284,
24620,
654,
13,
1576,
19116,
399,
29889,
5879,
1330,
3086,
8602,
284,
8583,
24620,
654,
470,
450,
5879,
1330,
408,
372,
29915,
29879,
12992,
304,
297,
278,
298,
4293,
310,
278,
4307,
3762,
19700,
408,
278,
410,
18248,
616,
10555,
2057,
363,
777,
310,
315,
2807,
1049,
4523,
310,
7927,
29915,
29879,
4549,
342,
5434,
29899,
19411,
335,
4097,
304,
752,
2650,
363,
263,
9758,
373,
697,
310,
278,
5233,
29915,
29879,
2246,
14260,
10907,
29889,
910,
8368,
29899,
3389,
11158,
314,
3631,
13888,
338,
2309,
297,
263,
13807,
16833,
322,
432,
2857,
3402,
29892,
2788,
304,
278,
379,
744,
29891,
322,
11648,
8602,
284,
24620,
2187,
29892,
541,
411,
263,
2846,
5412,
4021,
1907,
29889,
13,
6730,
322,
363,
331,
520,
29892,
22545,
1218,
297,
450,
5879,
1330,
23522,
366,
901,
1135,
925,
278,
4060,
310,
12709,
358,
515,
263,
14260,
1532,
2309,
29889,
450,
5879,
1330,
338,
278,
2280,
1889,
304,
367,
263,
4509,
310,
278,
4307,
3762,
29915,
29879,
5233,
635,
26642,
14260,
3815,
29889,
450,
5879,
1330,
4893,
2058,
2645,
278,
937,
2846,
11405,
310,
1269,
6416,
3031,
4156,
29889,
7569,
5100,
2105,
22545,
1078,
297,
1023,
364,
3885,
1434,
278,
3061,
27967,
4513,
29889,
13,
1576,
5879,
1330,
338,
884,
5412,
297,
393,
278,
5100,
17259,
526,
20459,
9859,
1009,
5544,
747,
9770,
363,
1269,
4513,
29892,
408,
1532,
408,
607,
16277,
896,
674,
1513,
322,
4891,
29899,
735,
314,
457,
322,
29879,
1058,
1009,
18096,
674,
367,
363,
1269,
4513,
29889,
9208,
368,
29892,
450,
5879,
1330,
338,
5412,
1363,
599,
278,
6577,
2710,
310,
445,
13888,
526,
6136,
11872,
335,
4097,
297,
278,
26911,
2261,
29889,
13,
29470,
438,
29889,
379,
744,
29891,
14879,
8602,
284,
24620,
654,
13,
1576,
379,
744,
29891,
14879,
8602,
284,
24620,
654,
338,
263,
315,
2807,
1049,
4523,
310,
7927,
8368,
29899,
3389,
11158,
314,
3631,
13888,
4257,
297,
278,
10657,
310,
4642,
4307,
3762,
4024,
18857,
4509,
5011,
438,
29889,
379,
744,
29891,
29889,
512,
278,
3143,
25278,
5011,
438,
29889,
379,
744,
29891,
30003,
29931,
1450,
7598,
29892,
26817,
29892,
1920,
11665,
29892,
25215,
542,
403,
3971,
491,
11546,
2741,
379,
29889,
360,
29379,
29892,
379,
744,
29891,
338,
5439,
491,
15431,
10537,
349,
29889,
5826,
556,
408,
1641,
376,
9163,
873,
14831,
408,
697,
310,
26911,
29915,
29879,
14176,
14260,
4307,
29891,
414,
1213,
5826,
556,
5771,
373,
304,
1827,
29892,
14704,
29950,
744,
29891,
29962,
18066,
287,
322,
286,
1025,
287,
263,
12623,
310,
4123,
4307,
29891,
414,
29892,
363,
6029,
540,
6766,
408,
263,
6297,
1904,
310,
10257,
1608,
1213,
13,
29967,
6067,
365,
29889,
1383,
2361,
2401,
514,
403,
25215,
542,
4135,
24620,
654,
13,
4013,
13888,
338,
4257,
363,
2627,
347,
365,
29889,
1383,
2361,
29892,
278,
937,
12944,
15426,
304,
9080,
373,
278,
22569,
9245,
310,
26911,
1058,
3897,
278,
937,
2989,
29899,
2230,
12944,
4307,
4024,
18857,
4509,
297,
26911,
746,
1183,
8772,
315,
2807,
1049,
4523,
310,
7927,
297,
29871,
29896,
29929,
29953,
29945,
29889,
13,
4013,
13888,
338,
4934,
297,
278,
6709,
322,
8569,
267,
373,
528,
279,
2238,
292,
278,
623,
514,
403,
22545,
4135,
25078,
310,
1473,
29899,
322,
4654,
29899,
6360,
4307,
8041,
29889,
512,
278,
1383,
2361,
13888,
29892,
27138,
752,
2650,
297,
11000,
29889,
2688,
2436,
278,
2980,
11910
] | 2,614 | 1,024 | CommonCrawl | 21 | 17 |
Q: Android - Capture ScreenShot Programmatically without title bar I am developing an app in that I want to take a screen shot of current screen but with out title bar. I know the code to Capture a ScreenShot, but unable to customize it.
Code:
munchscreen.setOnClickListener(new OnClickListener() {
@Override
public void onClick(View v) {
View v1 = L1.getRootView();
v1.setDrawingCacheEnabled(true);
Bitmap bm = v1.getDrawingCache();
BitmapDrawable bitmapDrawable = new BitmapDrawable(bm);
image = (ImageView) findViewById(R.id.screenshots);
image.setBackgroundDrawable(bitmapDrawable);
}
});
When I click on Clip then it should capture a screen shot of the screen shown below but should not include the part which I have circled..
XML:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<RelativeLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent"
android:background="#D8D5AA"
>
<LinearLayout
android:id="@+id/clip_from_web_linearlayout1"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="50dp"
android:background="@drawable/header"
android:orientation="horizontal"
>
<TextView
android:id="@+id/clip_from_web_textview_back"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:text="Back"
android:layout_gravity="center"
android:layout_marginLeft="5dp"
android:textColor="#FFFFFF"
android:textSize="18sp"
/>
<TextView
android:id="@+id/clip_from_web_textview_header_title"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:text="Clip From Web"
android:layout_gravity="center"
android:layout_marginLeft="60dp"
android:textColor="#FFFFFF"
android:textSize="18sp"
/>
<TextView
android:id="@+id/clip_from_web_textview_clip"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:text="Clip"
android:layout_gravity="center"
android:layout_marginLeft="60dp"
android:textColor="#FFFFFF"
android:textSize="18sp"
/>
</LinearLayout>
<Button
android:layout_width="fill_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:text="@string/munch"
android:id="@+id/munchscreen"
android:layout_below="@+id/clip_from_web_linearlayout1"
/>
<ImageView
android:layout_width="200dp"
android:layout_height="200dp"
android:id="@+id/screenshots"
android:layout_below="@+id/munchscreen"
android:contentDescription="@string/app_name"
android:layout_centerInParent="true"
/>
<RelativeLayout
android:id="@+id/clip_from_web_bottom_bar"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="50dp"
android:layout_alignParentBottom="true"
android:background="@drawable/header" >
<Button
android:id="@+id/clip_from_web_previous"
android:layout_width="40dp"
android:layout_height="40dp"
android:layout_marginLeft="4dp"
android:background="@android:drawable/ic_media_previous"
android:layout_marginTop="2dp"
/>
<Button
android:id="@+id/clip_from_web_reload"
android:layout | -1.695228 | -1.803452 | -1.260771 | -1.280139 | [
-1.6568767676280145,
-1.733578591651945
] | [
-1.5527637938444128,
-2.054139796611134
] | [
-0.7807873022123052,
-1.7407545303202512
] | [
-0.9413107324223577,
-1.618967687302234
] | 1,024 | [
512,
512
] | [
660,
29901,
5669,
448,
8868,
545,
22666,
2713,
327,
7835,
20300,
1728,
3611,
2594,
306,
626,
14338,
385,
623,
297,
393,
306,
864,
304,
2125,
263,
4315,
10322,
310,
1857,
4315,
541,
411,
714,
3611,
2594,
29889,
306,
1073,
278,
775,
304,
8868,
545,
263,
22666,
2713,
327,
29892,
541,
9368,
304,
2888,
675,
372,
29889,
13,
3399,
29901,
13,
29885,
3322,
10525,
29889,
842,
15909,
29898,
1482,
1551,
11676,
580,
426,
13,
13,
9651,
732,
4640,
13,
9651,
970,
1780,
14478,
29898,
1043,
325,
29897,
426,
13,
18884,
4533,
325,
29896,
353,
365,
29896,
29889,
657,
10303,
1043,
890,
13,
18884,
325,
29896,
29889,
842,
16327,
10408,
10861,
29898,
3009,
416,
13,
18884,
19779,
289,
29885,
353,
325,
29896,
29889,
657,
16327,
10408,
890,
13,
18884,
19779,
26945,
21170,
26945,
353,
716,
19779,
26945,
29898,
5838,
416,
13,
18884,
1967,
353,
313,
14460,
29897,
17003,
29898,
29934,
29889,
333,
29889,
29879,
24546,
29882,
1862,
416,
13,
18884,
1967,
29889,
842,
10581,
26945,
29898,
2966,
1958,
26945,
416,
13,
9651,
500,
13,
4706,
2604,
13,
13,
10401,
306,
2828,
373,
315,
3466,
769,
372,
881,
10446,
263,
4315,
10322,
310,
278,
4315,
4318,
2400,
541,
881,
451,
3160,
278,
760,
607,
306,
505,
3449,
839,
636,
13,
9165,
29901,
29871,
13,
8169,
3134,
1873,
543,
29896,
29889,
29900,
29908,
8025,
543,
9420,
29899,
29947,
18943,
13,
29966,
26374,
9463,
29901,
2843,
543,
1124,
597,
11993,
29889,
2843,
29889,
510,
29914,
16681,
29914,
690,
29914,
2843,
29908,
13,
2843,
29901,
2680,
29918,
2103,
543,
4352,
29918,
3560,
29908,
13,
2843,
29901,
2680,
29918,
3545,
543,
4352,
29918,
3560,
29908,
13,
2843,
29901,
7042,
9880,
29928,
29947,
29928,
29945,
6344,
29908,
13,
29958,
13,
13,
13,
29871,
529,
15575,
29871,
13,
1678,
1442,
29901,
333,
9438,
333,
29914,
24049,
29918,
3166,
29918,
2676,
29918,
10660,
2680,
29896,
29908,
13,
1678,
1442,
29901,
2680,
29918,
2103,
543,
4352,
29918,
3560,
29908,
13,
1678,
1442,
29901,
2680,
29918,
3545,
543,
29945,
29900,
6099,
29908,
13,
1678,
1442,
29901,
7042,
5213,
13131,
29914,
6672,
29908,
13,
1678,
1442,
29901,
20659,
543,
22672,
29908,
795,
13,
1678,
1405,
13,
308,
529,
10607,
29871,
13,
4706,
1442,
29901,
333,
9438,
333,
29914,
24049,
29918,
3166,
29918,
2676,
29918,
726,
1493,
29918,
1627,
29908,
13,
4706,
1442,
29901,
2680,
29918,
3545,
543,
6312,
29918,
3051,
29908,
13,
4706,
1442,
29901,
2680,
29918,
2103,
543,
6312,
29918,
3051,
29908,
13,
4706,
1442,
29901,
726,
543,
5841,
29908,
13,
4706,
1442,
29901,
2680,
29918,
23439,
543,
5064,
29908,
13,
4706,
1442,
29901,
2680,
29918,
9264,
8091,
543,
29945,
6099,
29908,
13,
4706,
1442,
29901,
726,
3306,
9880,
22098,
4198,
29908,
13,
4706,
1442,
29901,
726,
3505,
543,
29896,
29947,
1028,
29908,
13,
4706,
2900,
29871,
13,
13,
1678,
529,
10607,
29871,
13,
4706,
1442,
29901,
333,
9438,
333,
29914,
24049,
29918,
3166,
29918,
2676,
29918,
726,
1493,
29918,
6672,
29918,
3257,
29908,
13,
4706,
1442,
29901,
2680,
29918,
3545,
543,
6312,
29918,
3051,
29908,
13,
4706,
1442,
29901,
2680,
29918,
2103,
543,
6312,
29918,
3051,
29908,
13,
4706,
1442,
29901,
726,
543,
29907,
3466,
3645,
2563,
29908,
13,
4706,
1442,
29901,
2680,
29918,
23439,
543,
5064,
29908,
13,
4706,
1442,
29901,
2680,
29918,
9264,
8091,
543,
29953,
29900,
6099,
29908,
13,
4706,
1442,
29901,
726,
3306,
9880,
22098,
4198,
29908,
13,
4706,
1442,
29901,
726,
3505,
543,
29896,
29947,
1028,
29908,
13,
4706,
2900,
29871,
13,
13,
418,
529,
10607,
29871,
13,
4706,
1442,
29901,
333,
9438,
333,
29914,
24049,
29918,
3166,
29918,
2676,
29918,
726,
1493,
29918,
24049,
29908,
13,
4706,
1442,
29901,
2680,
29918,
3545,
543,
6312,
29918,
3051,
29908,
13,
4706,
1442,
29901,
2680,
29918,
2103,
543,
6312,
29918,
3051,
29908,
13,
4706,
1442,
29901,
726,
543,
29907,
3466,
29908,
13,
4706,
1442,
29901,
2680,
29918,
23439,
543,
5064,
29908,
13,
4706,
1442,
29901,
2680,
29918,
9264,
8091,
543,
29953,
29900,
6099,
29908,
13,
4706,
1442,
29901,
726,
3306,
9880,
22098,
4198,
29908,
13,
4706,
1442,
29901,
726,
3505,
543,
29896,
29947,
1028,
29908,
13,
4706,
2900,
29871,
13,
13,
1678,
1533,
15575,
29958,
13,
13,
13,
3986,
529,
3125,
13,
632,
1442,
29901,
2680,
29918,
2103,
543,
5589,
29918,
3560,
29908,
13,
632,
1442,
29901,
2680,
29918,
3545,
543,
6312,
29918,
3051,
29908,
13,
632,
1442,
29901,
726,
5213,
1807,
29914,
29885,
3322,
29908,
13,
632,
1442,
29901,
333,
9438,
333,
29914,
29885,
3322,
10525,
29908,
13,
632,
1442,
29901,
2680,
29918,
22503,
9438,
333,
29914,
24049,
29918,
3166,
29918,
2676,
29918,
10660,
2680,
29896,
29908,
13,
965,
2900,
13,
965,
529,
14460,
13,
632,
1442,
29901,
2680,
29918,
2103,
543,
29906,
29900,
29900,
6099,
29908,
13,
632,
1442,
29901,
2680,
29918,
3545,
543,
29906,
29900,
29900,
6099,
29908,
13,
632,
1442,
29901,
333,
9438,
333,
29914,
29879,
24546,
29882,
1862,
29908,
13,
632,
1442,
29901,
2680,
29918,
22503,
9438,
333,
29914,
29885,
3322,
10525,
29908,
13,
632,
1442,
29901,
3051,
9868,
5213,
1807,
29914,
932,
29918,
978,
29908,
13,
632,
1442,
29901,
2680,
29918,
5064,
797,
9780,
543,
3009,
29908,
13,
13,
632,
2900,
13,
13,
29966,
26374,
13,
1678,
1442,
29901,
333,
9438,
333,
29914,
24049,
29918,
3166,
29918,
2676,
29918,
8968,
29918,
1646,
29908,
13,
1678,
1442,
29901,
2680,
29918,
2103,
543,
4352,
29918,
3560,
29908,
13,
1678,
1442,
29901,
2680,
29918,
3545,
543,
29945,
29900,
6099,
29908,
13,
1678,
1442,
29901,
2680,
29918,
2520,
9780,
15342,
543,
3009,
29908,
13,
1678,
1442,
29901,
7042,
5213,
13131,
29914,
6672,
29908,
1405,
13,
13,
1678,
529,
3125,
29871,
13,
4706,
1442,
29901,
333,
9438,
333,
29914,
24049,
29918,
3166,
29918,
2676,
29918,
24957,
29908,
13,
4706,
1442,
29901,
2680,
29918,
2103,
543,
29946,
29900,
6099,
29908,
13,
4706,
1442,
29901,
2680,
29918,
3545,
543,
29946,
29900,
6099,
29908,
13,
4706,
1442,
29901,
2680,
29918,
9264,
8091,
543,
29946,
6099,
29908,
13,
4706,
1442,
29901,
7042,
5213,
2843,
29901,
13131,
29914,
293,
29918,
9799,
29918,
24957,
29908,
13,
4706,
1442,
29901,
2680,
29918,
9264,
7031,
543,
29906,
6099,
29908,
13,
4706,
2900,
13,
13,
1678,
529,
3125,
29871,
13,
4706,
1442,
29901,
333,
9438,
333,
29914,
24049,
29918,
3166,
29918,
2676,
29918,
28120,
29908,
13,
4706,
1442,
29901,
2680
] | 2,617 | 0 | StackExchange | -1 | -1 |
_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:layout_centerHorizontal="true"
android:background="@android:drawable/ic_menu_rotate"
android:layout_marginTop="5dp"
/>
<Button
android:id="@+id/clip_from_web_next"
android:layout_width="40dp"
android:layout_height="40dp"
android:layout_toRightOf="@+id/clip_from_web_reload"
android:layout_marginLeft="102dp"
android:background="@android:drawable/ic_media_next"
android:layout_marginTop="2dp"
/>
</RelativeLayout>
Image before Capturing screen shot..
Image after Capturing screen shot..
A: Take this to another Linear Layout
<LinearLayout
android:id="@+id/linear"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent"
android:orientation="vertical">
<Button
android:layout_width="fill_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:text="@string/munch"
android:id="@+id/munchscreen"
/>
<ImageView
android:layout_width="200dp"
android:layout_height="200dp"
android:id="@+id/screenshots"
android:contentDescription="@string/app_name"
/>
</LinearLayout>
Now find Id for this Linear Layout on oncreate() method making it global variable
LinearLayout ll;
ll = (LinearLayout)findViewById(R.id.linear);
now capture this screen
ll.setDrawingCacheEnabled(true);
ll.buildDrawingCache(true);
Bitmap cs = Bitmap.createBitmap(ll.getDrawingCache());
ll.setDrawingCacheEnabled(false);
Now set this bitmap to your ImageView.
A: try this...
munchscreen.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
@Override
public void onClick(View v) {
View contentView = getWindow().getDecorView().findViewById(android.R.id.content);
contentView.setDrawingCacheEnabled(true);
contentView.buildDrawingCache();
Bitmap drawingCache = contentView.getDrawingCache();
BitmapDrawable bitmapDrawable = new BitmapDrawable(getResources(), drawingCache);
image = (ImageView) findViewById(R.id.screenshots);
image.setBackgroundDrawable(bitmapDrawable);
}
});
A: Hey friends I got the solution of above problem.
Follow below steps:-
*
*activity_main.xml
<RelativeLayout
android:id="@+id/toolbar_rl"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="?android:actionBarSize"
android:background="@color/header_color"
android:visibility="visible">
<LinearLayout
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent"
android:orientation="horizontal"
android:weightSum="0"
tools:ignore="UselessParent">
<ImageView
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="match_parent"
android:contentDescription="@string/app_name"
android:padding="@dimen/_8sdp"
android:src="@drawable/ic_back_24" />
<TextView
android:layout_width="0dp"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:layout_gravity="center"
android:layout_marginEnd="@dimen/_10sdp"
android:layout_marginStart="@dimen/_20sdp"
android:layout_weight="1"
android:gravity="center"
android:text="@string/one_time"
android:textColor="@color/white"
android:textSize="@dimen/_13sdp"
tools:ignore="RtlHardcoded" />
<ImageView
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="match_parent"
android:contentDescription="@string/ | -1.656877 | -1.99684 | -1.266477 | -1.371838 | [
-1.5692175401720938,
-1.7445359950839352
] | [
-1.9323770530820732,
-2.061302310936373
] | [
-1.1624915765326378,
-1.3704633406141478
] | [
-1.3172087361848994,
-1.4264662874515206
] | 1,024 | [
512,
512
] | [
29918,
2103,
543,
6312,
29918,
3051,
29908,
13,
4706,
1442,
29901,
2680,
29918,
3545,
543,
6312,
29918,
3051,
29908,
13,
4706,
1442,
29901,
2680,
29918,
5064,
24932,
543,
3009,
29908,
13,
4706,
1442,
29901,
7042,
5213,
2843,
29901,
13131,
29914,
293,
29918,
6510,
29918,
23361,
29908,
13,
4706,
1442,
29901,
2680,
29918,
9264,
7031,
543,
29945,
6099,
29908,
13,
4706,
2900,
13,
13,
1678,
529,
3125,
29871,
13,
4706,
1442,
29901,
333,
9438,
333,
29914,
24049,
29918,
3166,
29918,
2676,
29918,
4622,
29908,
13,
4706,
1442,
29901,
2680,
29918,
2103,
543,
29946,
29900,
6099,
29908,
13,
4706,
1442,
29901,
2680,
29918,
3545,
543,
29946,
29900,
6099,
29908,
13,
4706,
1442,
29901,
2680,
29918,
517,
7341,
2776,
9438,
333,
29914,
24049,
29918,
3166,
29918,
2676,
29918,
28120,
29908,
13,
4706,
1442,
29901,
2680,
29918,
9264,
8091,
543,
29896,
29900,
29906,
6099,
29908,
13,
4706,
1442,
29901,
7042,
5213,
2843,
29901,
13131,
29914,
293,
29918,
9799,
29918,
4622,
29908,
13,
4706,
1442,
29901,
2680,
29918,
9264,
7031,
543,
29906,
6099,
29908,
13,
4706,
2900,
13,
13,
829,
26374,
29958,
13,
13,
13,
2940,
1434,
8868,
3864,
4315,
10322,
636,
13,
13,
2940,
1156,
8868,
3864,
4315,
10322,
636,
13,
13,
13,
29909,
29901,
11190,
445,
304,
1790,
22985,
20259,
13,
29871,
529,
15575,
29871,
13,
1678,
1442,
29901,
333,
9438,
333,
29914,
10660,
29908,
13,
1678,
1442,
29901,
2680,
29918,
2103,
543,
4352,
29918,
3560,
29908,
13,
1678,
1442,
29901,
2680,
29918,
3545,
543,
4352,
29918,
3560,
29908,
13,
1678,
1442,
29901,
20659,
543,
18575,
1013,
4706,
13,
13,
539,
529,
3125,
13,
308,
1442,
29901,
2680,
29918,
2103,
543,
5589,
29918,
3560,
29908,
13,
308,
1442,
29901,
2680,
29918,
3545,
543,
6312,
29918,
3051,
29908,
13,
308,
1442,
29901,
726,
5213,
1807,
29914,
29885,
3322,
29908,
13,
308,
1442,
29901,
333,
9438,
333,
29914,
29885,
3322,
10525,
29908,
13,
13,
539,
2900,
13,
539,
529,
14460,
13,
308,
1442,
29901,
2680,
29918,
2103,
543,
29906,
29900,
29900,
6099,
29908,
13,
308,
1442,
29901,
2680,
29918,
3545,
543,
29906,
29900,
29900,
6099,
29908,
13,
308,
1442,
29901,
333,
9438,
333,
29914,
29879,
24546,
29882,
1862,
29908,
13,
308,
1442,
29901,
3051,
9868,
5213,
1807,
29914,
932,
29918,
978,
29908,
13,
308,
2900,
13,
29871,
1533,
15575,
29958,
13,
13,
10454,
1284,
5163,
363,
445,
22985,
20259,
373,
373,
3258,
580,
1158,
3907,
372,
5534,
2286,
13,
22985,
3453,
11148,
29936,
13,
13,
11148,
353,
313,
15575,
29897,
15418,
29898,
29934,
29889,
333,
29889,
10660,
416,
13,
13,
3707,
10446,
445,
4315,
13,
11148,
29889,
842,
16327,
10408,
10861,
29898,
3009,
416,
13,
11148,
29889,
4282,
16327,
10408,
29898,
3009,
416,
13,
19779,
5939,
353,
19779,
29889,
3258,
15184,
29898,
645,
29889,
657,
16327,
10408,
3310,
13,
11148,
29889,
842,
16327,
10408,
10861,
29898,
4541,
416,
13,
13,
10454,
731,
445,
21170,
304,
596,
7084,
1043,
29889,
13,
13,
29909,
29901,
1018,
445,
856,
13,
1678,
286,
3322,
10525,
29889,
842,
15909,
29898,
1482,
4533,
29889,
15909,
580,
426,
13,
13,
4706,
732,
4640,
13,
4706,
970,
1780,
14478,
29898,
1043,
325,
29897,
426,
13,
9651,
4533,
2793,
1043,
353,
679,
5907,
2141,
657,
6185,
272,
1043,
2141,
15418,
29898,
2843,
29889,
29934,
29889,
333,
29889,
3051,
416,
13,
9651,
2793,
1043,
29889,
842,
16327,
10408,
10861,
29898,
3009,
416,
13,
9651,
2793,
1043,
29889,
4282,
16327,
10408,
890,
13,
9651,
19779,
11580,
10408,
353,
2793,
1043,
29889,
657,
16327,
10408,
890,
13,
9651,
19779,
26945,
21170,
26945,
353,
716,
19779,
26945,
29898,
657,
13770,
3285,
11580,
10408,
416,
13,
9651,
1967,
353,
313,
14460,
29897,
17003,
29898,
29934,
29889,
333,
29889,
29879,
24546,
29882,
1862,
416,
13,
9651,
1967,
29889,
842,
10581,
26945,
29898,
2966,
1958,
26945,
416,
13,
4706,
500,
13,
1678,
2604,
13,
13,
13,
29909,
29901,
18637,
7875,
306,
2355,
278,
1650,
310,
2038,
1108,
29889,
13,
29943,
2952,
2400,
6576,
13018,
13,
13,
13,
29930,
13,
13,
29930,
10072,
29918,
3396,
29889,
3134,
13,
13,
13,
29966,
26374,
13,
1678,
1442,
29901,
333,
9438,
333,
29914,
10154,
1646,
29918,
2096,
29908,
13,
1678,
1442,
29901,
2680,
29918,
2103,
543,
4352,
29918,
3560,
29908,
13,
1678,
1442,
29901,
2680,
29918,
3545,
543,
29973,
2843,
29901,
2467,
4297,
3505,
29908,
13,
1678,
1442,
29901,
7042,
5213,
2780,
29914,
6672,
29918,
2780,
29908,
13,
1678,
1442,
29901,
28814,
543,
12872,
1013,
13,
13,
1678,
529,
15575,
13,
4706,
1442,
29901,
2680,
29918,
2103,
543,
4352,
29918,
3560,
29908,
13,
4706,
1442,
29901,
2680,
29918,
3545,
543,
4352,
29918,
3560,
29908,
13,
4706,
1442,
29901,
20659,
543,
22672,
29908,
13,
4706,
1442,
29901,
7915,
11139,
543,
29900,
29908,
13,
4706,
8492,
29901,
17281,
543,
29965,
2838,
404,
9780,
1013,
13,
13,
4706,
529,
14460,
13,
9651,
1442,
29901,
2680,
29918,
2103,
543,
6312,
29918,
3051,
29908,
13,
9651,
1442,
29901,
2680,
29918,
3545,
543,
4352,
29918,
3560,
29908,
13,
9651,
1442,
29901,
3051,
9868,
5213,
1807,
29914,
932,
29918,
978,
29908,
13,
9651,
1442,
29901,
12791,
5213,
24702,
19891,
29947,
4928,
29886,
29908,
13,
9651,
1442,
29901,
4351,
5213,
13131,
29914,
293,
29918,
1627,
29918,
29906,
29946,
29908,
2900,
13,
13,
4706,
529,
10607,
13,
9651,
1442,
29901,
2680,
29918,
2103,
543,
29900,
6099,
29908,
13,
9651,
1442,
29901,
2680,
29918,
3545,
543,
6312,
29918,
3051,
29908,
13,
9651,
1442,
29901,
2680,
29918,
23439,
543,
5064,
29908,
13,
9651,
1442,
29901,
2680,
29918,
9264,
5044,
5213,
24702,
19891,
29896,
29900,
4928,
29886,
29908,
13,
9651,
1442,
29901,
2680,
29918,
9264,
4763,
5213,
24702,
19891,
29906,
29900,
4928,
29886,
29908,
13,
9651,
1442,
29901,
2680,
29918,
7915,
543,
29896,
29908,
13,
9651,
1442,
29901,
23439,
543,
5064,
29908,
13,
9651,
1442,
29901,
726,
5213,
1807,
29914,
650,
29918,
2230,
29908,
13,
9651,
1442,
29901,
726,
3306,
5213,
2780,
29914,
10921,
29908,
13,
9651,
1442,
29901,
726,
3505,
5213,
24702,
19891,
29896,
29941,
4928,
29886,
29908,
13,
9651,
8492,
29901,
17281,
543,
29934,
15206,
29950,
538,
29659,
29908,
2900,
13,
13,
13,
4706,
529,
14460,
13,
9651,
1442,
29901,
2680,
29918,
2103,
543,
6312,
29918,
3051,
29908,
13,
9651,
1442,
29901,
2680,
29918,
3545,
543,
4352,
29918,
3560,
29908,
13,
9651,
1442,
29901,
3051,
9868,
5213,
1807,
29914
] | 2,617 | 1,024 | StackExchange | -1 | -1 |
app_name"
android:padding="@dimen/_8sdp"
android:src="@drawable/ic_menu_icon" />
</LinearLayout>
</RelativeLayout>
<ScrollView
android:id="@+id/tabScroll"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent"
android:fillViewport="true">
<TableLayout
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:stretchColumns="1">
<ImageView
android:layout_width="fill_parent"
android:layout_height="210dp"
android:adjustViewBounds="true"
android:background="@drawable/otp_background"
android:contentDescription="@string/app_name"
android:scaleType="fitXY">
</ImageView>
<TextView
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:layout_marginTop="@dimen/_16sdp"
android:background="#fff"
android:gravity="center"
android:text="Enter Unique Identification Number"
android:textColor="@color/header_color"
android:textSize="@dimen/_16sdp" />
<LinearLayout
android:id="@+id/layout_otp"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:layout_gravity="center"
android:layout_marginTop="@dimen/_26sdp"
android:gravity="top|center"
android:orientation="horizontal">
<EditText
android:id="@+id/editTextone"
android:layout_width="@dimen/_40sdp"
android:layout_height="@dimen/_42sdp"
android:inputType="number"
android:maxLength="1"
android:nextFocusRight="@+id/editText_two"
tools:ignore="LabelFor">
<requestFocus />
</EditText>
<EditText
android:id="@+id/editTexttwo"
android:layout_width="@dimen/_40sdp"
android:layout_height="@dimen/_42sdp"
android:inputType="numberDecimal"
android:maxLength="1"
tools:ignore="LabelFor" />
<EditText
android:id="@+id/editTextthree"
android:layout_width="@dimen/_40sdp"
android:layout_height="@dimen/_42sdp"
android:inputType="numberDecimal"
android:maxLength="1"
tools:ignore="LabelFor" />
<EditText
android:id="@+id/editTextfour"
android:layout_width="@dimen/_40sdp"
android:layout_height="@dimen/_42sdp"
android:inputType="numberDecimal"
android:maxLength="1"
tools:ignore="LabelFor" />
<EditText
android:id="@+id/editTextfive"
android:layout_width="@dimen/_40sdp"
android:layout_height="@dimen/_42sdp"
android:inputType="numberDecimal"
android:maxLength="1"
tools:ignore="LabelFor" />
</LinearLayout>
<Button
android:id="@+id/btn_submit"
android:layout_width="@dimen/_220sdp"
android:layout_height="@dimen/_40sdp"
android:layout_gravity="center"
android:layout_marginBottom="@dimen/_46sdp"
android:layout_marginLeft="@dimen/_16sdp"
android:layout_marginRight="@dimen/_16sdp"
android:layout_marginTop="@dimen/_26sdp"
android:background="@drawable/editbox_one"
android:text="@string/capture"
android:textAllCaps="false"
android:textColor="#fff"
android:textSize="@dimen/_16sdp"
android:typeface="serif" />
</TableLayout>
</ScrollView>
*This xml | -1.848631 | -2.150834 | -1.525174 | -1.283391 | [
-1.5473027333081137,
-2.1499599220675685
] | [
-1.8679144241549235,
-2.4337530558487943
] | [
-1.380608304715685,
-1.6697397816094917
] | [
-1.0778826715056342,
-1.4888991738895898
] | 1,024 | [
512,
512
] | [
932,
29918,
978,
29908,
13,
9651,
1442,
29901,
12791,
5213,
24702,
19891,
29947,
4928,
29886,
29908,
13,
9651,
1442,
29901,
4351,
5213,
13131,
29914,
293,
29918,
6510,
29918,
4144,
29908,
2900,
13,
13,
13,
1678,
1533,
15575,
29958,
13,
13,
829,
26374,
29958,
13,
13,
29966,
28556,
13,
1678,
1442,
29901,
333,
9438,
333,
29914,
3891,
10463,
29908,
13,
1678,
1442,
29901,
2680,
29918,
2103,
543,
4352,
29918,
3560,
29908,
13,
1678,
1442,
29901,
2680,
29918,
3545,
543,
4352,
29918,
3560,
29908,
13,
1678,
1442,
29901,
5589,
1043,
637,
543,
3009,
1013,
13,
13,
1678,
529,
3562,
3453,
13,
4706,
1442,
29901,
2680,
29918,
2103,
543,
4352,
29918,
3560,
29908,
13,
4706,
1442,
29901,
2680,
29918,
3545,
543,
6312,
29918,
3051,
29908,
13,
4706,
1442,
29901,
303,
10301,
14289,
543,
29896,
1013,
13,
13,
4706,
529,
14460,
13,
9651,
1442,
29901,
2680,
29918,
2103,
543,
5589,
29918,
3560,
29908,
13,
9651,
1442,
29901,
2680,
29918,
3545,
543,
29906,
29896,
29900,
6099,
29908,
13,
9651,
1442,
29901,
328,
5143,
1043,
18526,
543,
3009,
29908,
13,
9651,
1442,
29901,
7042,
5213,
13131,
29914,
327,
29886,
29918,
7042,
29908,
13,
9651,
1442,
29901,
3051,
9868,
5213,
1807,
29914,
932,
29918,
978,
29908,
13,
9651,
1442,
29901,
7052,
1542,
543,
9202,
18454,
1013,
13,
13,
4706,
1533,
14460,
29958,
13,
13,
4706,
529,
10607,
13,
9651,
1442,
29901,
2680,
29918,
2103,
543,
4352,
29918,
3560,
29908,
13,
9651,
1442,
29901,
2680,
29918,
3545,
543,
6312,
29918,
3051,
29908,
13,
9651,
1442,
29901,
2680,
29918,
9264,
7031,
5213,
24702,
19891,
29896,
29953,
4928,
29886,
29908,
13,
9651,
1442,
29901,
7042,
9880,
18725,
29908,
13,
9651,
1442,
29901,
23439,
543,
5064,
29908,
13,
9651,
1442,
29901,
726,
543,
10399,
853,
1387,
13355,
2450,
9681,
29908,
13,
9651,
1442,
29901,
726,
3306,
5213,
2780,
29914,
6672,
29918,
2780,
29908,
13,
9651,
1442,
29901,
726,
3505,
5213,
24702,
19891,
29896,
29953,
4928,
29886,
29908,
2900,
13,
13,
4706,
529,
15575,
13,
9651,
1442,
29901,
333,
9438,
333,
29914,
2680,
29918,
327,
29886,
29908,
13,
9651,
1442,
29901,
2680,
29918,
2103,
543,
4352,
29918,
3560,
29908,
13,
9651,
1442,
29901,
2680,
29918,
3545,
543,
6312,
29918,
3051,
29908,
13,
9651,
1442,
29901,
2680,
29918,
23439,
543,
5064,
29908,
13,
9651,
1442,
29901,
2680,
29918,
9264,
7031,
5213,
24702,
19891,
29906,
29953,
4928,
29886,
29908,
13,
9651,
1442,
29901,
23439,
543,
3332,
29989,
5064,
29908,
13,
9651,
1442,
29901,
20659,
543,
22672,
1013,
13,
13,
9651,
529,
24739,
13,
18884,
1442,
29901,
333,
9438,
333,
29914,
5628,
1626,
650,
29908,
13,
18884,
1442,
29901,
2680,
29918,
2103,
5213,
24702,
19891,
29946,
29900,
4928,
29886,
29908,
13,
18884,
1442,
29901,
2680,
29918,
3545,
5213,
24702,
19891,
29946,
29906,
4928,
29886,
29908,
13,
18884,
1442,
29901,
2080,
1542,
543,
4537,
29908,
13,
18884,
1442,
29901,
3317,
6513,
543,
29896,
29908,
13,
18884,
1442,
29901,
4622,
20560,
7341,
9438,
333,
29914,
5628,
1626,
29918,
10184,
29908,
13,
18884,
8492,
29901,
17281,
543,
4775,
2831,
1013,
13,
13,
18884,
529,
3827,
20560,
2900,
13,
9651,
1533,
24739,
29958,
13,
13,
9651,
529,
24739,
13,
18884,
1442,
29901,
333,
9438,
333,
29914,
5628,
1626,
10184,
29908,
13,
18884,
1442,
29901,
2680,
29918,
2103,
5213,
24702,
19891,
29946,
29900,
4928,
29886,
29908,
13,
18884,
1442,
29901,
2680,
29918,
3545,
5213,
24702,
19891,
29946,
29906,
4928,
29886,
29908,
13,
18884,
1442,
29901,
2080,
1542,
543,
4537,
23307,
29908,
13,
18884,
1442,
29901,
3317,
6513,
543,
29896,
29908,
13,
18884,
8492,
29901,
17281,
543,
4775,
2831,
29908,
2900,
13,
13,
9651,
529,
24739,
13,
18884,
1442,
29901,
333,
9438,
333,
29914,
5628,
1626,
17536,
29908,
13,
18884,
1442,
29901,
2680,
29918,
2103,
5213,
24702,
19891,
29946,
29900,
4928,
29886,
29908,
13,
18884,
1442,
29901,
2680,
29918,
3545,
5213,
24702,
19891,
29946,
29906,
4928,
29886,
29908,
13,
18884,
1442,
29901,
2080,
1542,
543,
4537,
23307,
29908,
13,
18884,
1442,
29901,
3317,
6513,
543,
29896,
29908,
13,
18884,
8492,
29901,
17281,
543,
4775,
2831,
29908,
2900,
13,
13,
9651,
529,
24739,
13,
18884,
1442,
29901,
333,
9438,
333,
29914,
5628,
1626,
17823,
29908,
13,
18884,
1442,
29901,
2680,
29918,
2103,
5213,
24702,
19891,
29946,
29900,
4928,
29886,
29908,
13,
18884,
1442,
29901,
2680,
29918,
3545,
5213,
24702,
19891,
29946,
29906,
4928,
29886,
29908,
13,
18884,
1442,
29901,
2080,
1542,
543,
4537,
23307,
29908,
13,
18884,
1442,
29901,
3317,
6513,
543,
29896,
29908,
13,
18884,
8492,
29901,
17281,
543,
4775,
2831,
29908,
2900,
13,
13,
9651,
529,
24739,
13,
18884,
1442,
29901,
333,
9438,
333,
29914,
5628,
1626,
20818,
29908,
13,
18884,
1442,
29901,
2680,
29918,
2103,
5213,
24702,
19891,
29946,
29900,
4928,
29886,
29908,
13,
18884,
1442,
29901,
2680,
29918,
3545,
5213,
24702,
19891,
29946,
29906,
4928,
29886,
29908,
13,
18884,
1442,
29901,
2080,
1542,
543,
4537,
23307,
29908,
13,
18884,
1442,
29901,
3317,
6513,
543,
29896,
29908,
13,
18884,
8492,
29901,
17281,
543,
4775,
2831,
29908,
2900,
13,
13,
4706,
1533,
15575,
29958,
13,
13,
13,
4706,
529,
3125,
13,
9651,
1442,
29901,
333,
9438,
333,
29914,
7290,
29918,
7892,
29908,
13,
9651,
1442,
29901,
2680,
29918,
2103,
5213,
24702,
19891,
29906,
29906,
29900,
4928,
29886,
29908,
13,
9651,
1442,
29901,
2680,
29918,
3545,
5213,
24702,
19891,
29946,
29900,
4928,
29886,
29908,
13,
9651,
1442,
29901,
2680,
29918,
23439,
543,
5064,
29908,
13,
9651,
1442,
29901,
2680,
29918,
9264,
15342,
5213,
24702,
19891,
29946,
29953,
4928,
29886,
29908,
13,
9651,
1442,
29901,
2680,
29918,
9264,
8091,
5213,
24702,
19891,
29896,
29953,
4928,
29886,
29908,
13,
9651,
1442,
29901,
2680,
29918,
9264,
7341,
5213,
24702,
19891,
29896,
29953,
4928,
29886,
29908,
13,
9651,
1442,
29901,
2680,
29918,
9264,
7031,
5213,
24702,
19891,
29906,
29953,
4928,
29886,
29908,
13,
9651,
1442,
29901,
7042,
5213,
13131,
29914,
5628,
1884,
29918,
650,
29908,
13,
9651,
1442,
29901,
726,
5213,
1807,
29914,
17885,
545,
29908,
13,
9651,
1442,
29901,
726,
3596,
29907,
2547,
543,
4541,
29908,
13,
9651,
1442,
29901,
726,
3306,
9880,
18725,
29908,
13,
9651,
1442,
29901,
726,
3505,
5213,
24702,
19891,
29896,
29953,
4928,
29886,
29908,
13,
9651,
1442,
29901,
1853,
2161,
543,
643,
361,
29908,
2900,
13,
1678,
1533,
3562,
3453,
29958,
13,
829,
28556,
29958,
13,
13,
13,
13,
13,
29930,
4013,
4903
] | 2,617 | 2,048 | StackExchange | -1 | -1 |
TINKER AIR FORCE BASE, Okla. -- Oftentimes the voice of experience proves to be the best teacher.
With tornado season approaching, two Tinker families are sharing their stories to help others prepare should the worst case scenario happen again.
Becky Pillifant, marketing specialist with the 72nd Force Support Squadron, and Master Sgts. Jason and Jennifer Crosby, with the 72nd Medical Group and 72nd FSS, respectively, have all experienced an F5 tornado and offer some good advice.
Ms. Pillifant was always a little wary of tornadoes, after having lived in Texas. When she and her husband, Chris, moved to Oklahoma, their house builder told them the shower would be the place to go in the event of a tornado because it was structurally sound.
Watching the news on May 3, 1999, Ms. Pillifant saw a large tornado tracking from Lawton and was not too concerned because tornadoes just don't stay on the ground that long. This one was different. It stayed on the ground and grew larger as it got closer to the metro area. The Pillifants' first thought was to get in the car and leave. They realized that was not a good idea because the tornado kept changing direction, so they got into the shower stall with the dog, some blankets, pillows, a small mattress and a few supplies.
"We just decided "this is it,'" Ms. Pillifant said, recalling when the tornado hit their home. They heard the nails being popped from the house, and a sound like a boulder crashing through the windows broke the eerie calm. "At one time, it felt like we were floating," she said.
After it was over, the Pillifants were buried under the rubble of their home and it seemed like hours before neighbors dug them out. The shower area where they sought refuge was all that was left of their home, it was the highest point.
The couple rebuilt the same style of house on the same spot, but with one new feature: a safe room. They decided on a walk-in safe room instead of underground after having been buried for so long.
Now when they hear tornado warnings or sirens, they pay very close attention. Even their dog, Goldie, would sit and watch television when she heard a tornado siren.
"Be weather aware and alert," Ms. Pillifant said. "Don't take it for granted that it might not happen to you."
Ms. Pillifant said she misses pictures more than anything else she lost on that day in 1999.
"Our children were just beginning to have children of their own, so that is the thing I miss most," she said. Everything else can be replaced.
From experience, Ms. Pillifant offers some advice for putting together a tornado kit. Along with the typical emergency kit items like batteries, flashlights and water, Ms. Pillifant recommends including copies of everything in the wallet, copies of bills, the titles to any cars, marriage licenses, birth certificates and so on. If time permits, grab cell phones and chargers, and by all means have a battery operated radio in the kit.
When the May 20, 2013, tornado hit Moore, the Crosbys had just arrived home with their children and took shelter in an interior bathroom along with their three dogs.
They made it into the bathroom just five minutes before the F5 tornado hit their home at 3:15 p.m. The Crosbys' son was praying Psalms 23 out loud.
"We could hear the house being ripped apart around us. It sounded like a jet engine," said Jason. Jennifer said her body was sore the next day from holding their children, Caitlyn and Landon, so tight. "I was scared they might be ripped from us if the walls were taken," she said.
After it got quiet, they prepared the children for what they might see before they left the room. "It was very overwhelming, it looked like a war zone," he said.
Both families said it is a good idea to wear proper clothing with good shoes or at least have them nearby. Insulation is blowing everywhere and there are nails and debris. Like Ms. Pillifant, Caitlyn also stepped on a nail after leaving the bathroom | 0.449684 | 0.322024 | 0.924835 | -0.90164 | [
0.2935410432662204,
0.6058270410779377
] | [
0.2486085589531642,
0.3954401026205611
] | [
0.6838918899471101,
1.1657776847701213
] | [
-0.9764292310437717,
-0.8268504406192309
] | 1,024 | [
512,
512
] | [
323,
1177,
29968,
1001,
319,
8193,
15842,
4741,
350,
8127,
29892,
3674,
433,
29889,
1192,
438,
615,
296,
1355,
278,
7314,
310,
7271,
28281,
304,
367,
278,
1900,
15703,
29889,
13,
3047,
10146,
912,
4259,
28702,
29892,
1023,
323,
682,
261,
13175,
526,
19383,
1009,
15874,
304,
1371,
4045,
19012,
881,
278,
17322,
1206,
10483,
3799,
1449,
29889,
13,
3629,
384,
29891,
349,
453,
361,
424,
29892,
9999,
292,
4266,
391,
411,
278,
29871,
29955,
29906,
299,
11004,
18601,
26070,
29892,
322,
9082,
317,
29887,
1372,
29889,
21776,
322,
23774,
9633,
315,
1883,
1609,
29892,
411,
278,
29871,
29955,
29906,
299,
20795,
6431,
322,
29871,
29955,
29906,
299,
383,
1799,
29892,
8307,
29892,
505,
599,
18860,
385,
383,
29945,
10146,
912,
322,
5957,
777,
1781,
9848,
29889,
13,
29924,
29879,
29889,
349,
453,
361,
424,
471,
2337,
263,
2217,
281,
653,
310,
10146,
912,
267,
29892,
1156,
2534,
10600,
297,
10319,
29889,
1932,
1183,
322,
902,
10216,
29892,
12821,
29892,
6153,
304,
27879,
29892,
1009,
3699,
12856,
5429,
963,
278,
1510,
261,
723,
367,
278,
2058,
304,
748,
297,
278,
1741,
310,
263,
10146,
912,
1363,
372,
471,
2281,
332,
635,
6047,
29889,
13,
24709,
292,
278,
9763,
373,
2610,
29871,
29941,
29892,
29871,
29896,
29929,
29929,
29929,
29892,
341,
29879,
29889,
349,
453,
361,
424,
4446,
263,
2919,
10146,
912,
23110,
515,
7927,
880,
322,
471,
451,
2086,
15041,
1363,
10146,
912,
267,
925,
1016,
29915,
29873,
7952,
373,
278,
5962,
393,
1472,
29889,
910,
697,
471,
1422,
29889,
739,
27661,
373,
278,
5962,
322,
13631,
7200,
408,
372,
2355,
17649,
304,
278,
1539,
307,
4038,
29889,
450,
349,
453,
361,
1934,
29915,
937,
2714,
471,
304,
679,
297,
278,
1559,
322,
5967,
29889,
2688,
16387,
393,
471,
451,
263,
1781,
2969,
1363,
278,
10146,
912,
8126,
6480,
5305,
29892,
577,
896,
2355,
964,
278,
1510,
261,
380,
497,
411,
278,
11203,
29892,
777,
9654,
1691,
29892,
22549,
1242,
29892,
263,
2319,
1775,
509,
404,
322,
263,
2846,
28075,
29889,
13,
29908,
4806,
925,
8459,
376,
1366,
338,
372,
5501,
29908,
341,
29879,
29889,
349,
453,
361,
424,
1497,
29892,
17386,
292,
746,
278,
10146,
912,
7124,
1009,
3271,
29889,
2688,
6091,
278,
302,
2234,
1641,
772,
2986,
515,
278,
3699,
29892,
322,
263,
6047,
763,
263,
289,
483,
261,
8095,
292,
1549,
278,
5417,
14455,
278,
6380,
347,
21732,
29889,
376,
4178,
697,
931,
29892,
372,
7091,
763,
591,
892,
16526,
1699,
1183,
1497,
29889,
13,
13555,
372,
471,
975,
29892,
278,
349,
453,
361,
1934,
892,
18550,
1090,
278,
14051,
569,
310,
1009,
3271,
322,
372,
6140,
763,
6199,
1434,
22092,
943,
270,
688,
963,
714,
29889,
450,
1510,
261,
4038,
988,
896,
18365,
25447,
471,
599,
393,
471,
2175,
310,
1009,
3271,
29892,
372,
471,
278,
9939,
1298,
29889,
13,
1576,
7303,
337,
16145,
278,
1021,
3114,
310,
3699,
373,
278,
1021,
9758,
29892,
541,
411,
697,
716,
4682,
29901,
263,
9109,
5716,
29889,
2688,
8459,
373,
263,
6686,
29899,
262,
9109,
5716,
2012,
310,
1090,
2057,
1156,
2534,
1063,
18550,
363,
577,
1472,
29889,
13,
10454,
746,
896,
8293,
10146,
912,
18116,
470,
8889,
575,
29892,
896,
5146,
1407,
3802,
8570,
29889,
7753,
1009,
11203,
29892,
6650,
347,
29892,
723,
7845,
322,
6505,
11456,
746,
1183,
6091,
263,
10146,
912,
8889,
264,
29889,
13,
29908,
3629,
14826,
9543,
322,
6655,
1699,
341,
29879,
29889,
349,
453,
361,
424,
1497,
29889,
376,
10310,
29915,
29873,
2125,
372,
363,
16896,
393,
372,
1795,
451,
3799,
304,
366,
1213,
13,
29924,
29879,
29889,
349,
453,
361,
424,
1497,
1183,
3052,
267,
14956,
901,
1135,
3099,
1683,
1183,
5714,
373,
393,
2462,
297,
29871,
29896,
29929,
29929,
29929,
29889,
13,
29908,
29949,
332,
4344,
892,
925,
6763,
304,
505,
4344,
310,
1009,
1914,
29892,
577,
393,
338,
278,
2655,
306,
3052,
1556,
1699,
1183,
1497,
29889,
17296,
1683,
508,
367,
8611,
29889,
13,
4591,
7271,
29892,
341,
29879,
29889,
349,
453,
361,
424,
16688,
777,
9848,
363,
10594,
4208,
263,
10146,
912,
413,
277,
29889,
838,
549,
411,
278,
15662,
11176,
14703,
413,
277,
4452,
763,
10193,
583,
29892,
11013,
4366,
29879,
322,
4094,
29892,
341,
29879,
29889,
349,
453,
361,
424,
5052,
1975,
3704,
14591,
310,
4129,
297,
278,
17042,
1026,
29892,
14591,
310,
289,
6090,
29892,
278,
17735,
304,
738,
18647,
29892,
13718,
7794,
11259,
29892,
12060,
23199,
1078,
322,
577,
373,
29889,
960,
931,
3635,
1169,
29892,
17229,
3038,
1374,
2873,
322,
9151,
414,
29892,
322,
491,
599,
2794,
505,
263,
16988,
19623,
7155,
297,
278,
413,
277,
29889,
13,
10401,
278,
2610,
29871,
29906,
29900,
29892,
29871,
29906,
29900,
29896,
29941,
29892,
10146,
912,
7124,
18588,
29892,
278,
315,
1883,
29890,
952,
750,
925,
11977,
3271,
411,
1009,
4344,
322,
3614,
27709,
297,
385,
13290,
27683,
8345,
3412,
411,
1009,
2211,
26361,
29889,
13,
15597,
1754,
372,
964,
278,
27683,
8345,
925,
5320,
6233,
1434,
278,
383,
29945,
10146,
912,
7124,
1009,
3271,
472,
29871,
29941,
29901,
29896,
29945,
282,
29889,
29885,
29889,
450,
315,
1883,
29890,
952,
29915,
1487,
471,
12475,
292,
10144,
284,
1516,
29871,
29906,
29941,
714,
22526,
29889,
13,
29908,
4806,
1033,
8293,
278,
3699,
1641,
10107,
2986,
12435,
2820,
502,
29889,
739,
6047,
287,
763,
263,
22588,
6012,
1699,
1497,
21776,
29889,
23774,
9633,
1497,
902,
3573,
471,
269,
487,
278,
2446,
2462,
515,
13587,
1009,
4344,
29892,
315,
1249,
13493,
322,
3172,
265,
29892,
577,
19932,
29889,
376,
29902,
471,
885,
1965,
896,
1795,
367,
10107,
2986,
515,
502,
565,
278,
14603,
892,
4586,
1699,
1183,
1497,
29889,
13,
13555,
372,
2355,
11813,
29892,
896,
13240,
278,
4344,
363,
825,
896,
1795,
1074,
1434,
896,
2175,
278,
5716,
29889,
376,
3112,
471,
1407,
975,
1332,
295,
4056,
29892,
372,
5148,
763,
263,
1370,
10640,
1699,
540,
1497,
29889,
13,
29933,
720,
13175,
1497,
372,
338,
263,
1781,
2969,
304,
19531,
1571,
1067,
6046,
411,
1781,
17394,
267,
470,
472,
3203,
505,
963,
20810,
29889,
13377,
2785,
338,
13031,
292,
16978,
322,
727,
526,
302,
2234,
322,
316,
1182,
275,
29889,
8502,
341,
29879,
29889,
349,
453,
361,
424,
29892,
315,
1249,
13493,
884,
28996,
373,
263,
302,
737,
1156,
10124,
278,
27683,
8345
] | 2,618 | 0 | C4 | 10 | 8 |
Wages of Sin: The Irishman
January 15, 2020 ASC Staff
Rodrigo Prieto, ASC, AMC frames a hit man through the decades for director Martin Scorsese's epic crime drama.
At top, Hit man Frank Sheeran breaks bread with mob boss Russell Bufalino, played by Joe Pesci and Robert De Niro after some extensive de-aging work done in post.
By Fred Schruers
Unit photography by Niko Tavernise. All images courtesy of Netflix US, LLC.
The philosophies behind the production and presentation of Martin Scorsese's The Irishman are steeped in contrasting ideas. Made with great attention to the traditions of cinema as captured on film stock, it also delivers its characters with the use of complex digital technology. The story unspools like a work made for the biggest of silver screens — and indeed, it has been presented in a highly anticipated and well-attended limited theatrical run — yet the feature will likely find the majority of its audience as a streaming production on Netflix, in homes and on portable devices of all sizes. And though forging into a marketplace increasingly depicted as having a short attention span, The Irishman confidently runs three hours and 30 minutes, and is built to be absorbed in one sitting.
For those with a deeper understanding of the moving image, there's an enticing choice within the production's creative DNA in Scorsese's reteaming with cinematographer Rodrigo Prieto, ASC, AMC to bring forth the saga's visuals and emotions.
Prieto recalls a moment when he and Scorsese were wrapping up their work on Silence — which, through mud and inclement weather, was quite a challenge both creatively and literally (AC Jan. '17) — and they paused to pose for a photo. "As we're posing," Prieto says, "Marty tells me, 'I've been thinking about how to stylistically approach The Irishman. I think that maybe I'd like to try something that feels like a home movie, but I don't want it to be grainy and handheld.' That was an interesting challenge for me. What I understood was that he was trying to convey the memory of what home movies look like." The need to present a story based on memories was something they both agreed upon for the long-gestating project.
For a time, the movie bore the tag I Heard You Paint Houses, the title of the Charles Brandt non-fiction book upon which the movie is based, about World War II veteran Frank Sheeran, who began as a Teamster union member and transitioned by degrees, from the 1950s through the '70s, to become muscle and then assassin for the Philadelphia Mafia figures deeply enmeshed in the union — the hierarchy of which famously went all the way up to the fiery and once all-powerful boss Jimmy Hoffa.
Director Martin Scorsese (left) and Rodrigo Prieto, ASC, AMC (right). "Rodrigo is everything you could want in a collaborator," Scorsese tells AC. "He's adventurous, he's ingenious, he's tireless, and he always keeps up the pace and the energy on set. He thinks on his feet and is always ready with a solution whenever a problem arises, and he knows his craft and his tools like he knows the lines on the back of his hand. Rodrigo is an endlessly positive creative force."
With a cast that included Robert De Niro as Sheeran and Al Pacino as Hoffa — along with Joe Pesci, Ray Romano, Harvey Keitel, Bobby Cannavale and Anna Paquin — the stakes rose higher for Prieto, who was tasked with helping to establish a look equal to the story and its players.
The cinematographer knew from the script by esteemed screenwriter Steven Zaillian that the story would open with an aged Sheeran reminiscing as he plays back sequences from his often-violent past. What Prieto gleaned from Scorsese's take was, "It feels like you're remembering that era. So I thought, 'What if instead of emulating the look of a home movie, we emulate the color characteristics of amateur still photography of the different eras? I started researching still-photography emulsions and the history of non-professional photography in the decades we would be representing, and ended up creating look | 1.668695 | 0.435729 | 0.086607 | 0.195488 | [
1.4659832104891592,
1.8714071374727923
] | [
-0.06833269993865601,
0.9397911913387156
] | [
-0.28748842277506487,
0.4607026797132945
] | [
-0.06074689661875643,
0.4517230462270618
] | 1,024 | [
512,
512
] | [
399,
1179,
310,
8882,
29901,
450,
12601,
1171,
13,
29967,
15623,
653,
29871,
29896,
29945,
29892,
29871,
29906,
29900,
29906,
29900,
18188,
15351,
13,
29934,
397,
29878,
5973,
8289,
10896,
29892,
18188,
29892,
319,
12513,
16608,
263,
7124,
767,
1549,
278,
1602,
3076,
363,
8881,
6502,
2522,
943,
968,
29915,
29879,
9358,
293,
17268,
18621,
29889,
13,
4178,
2246,
29892,
14309,
767,
4976,
2296,
261,
273,
16706,
18423,
411,
22458,
289,
2209,
20679,
350,
1137,
284,
1789,
29892,
5318,
491,
11131,
349,
267,
455,
322,
4755,
897,
405,
3350,
1156,
777,
20607,
316,
29899,
6751,
664,
2309,
297,
1400,
29889,
13,
2059,
12001,
1102,
582,
414,
13,
8325,
6731,
5275,
491,
405,
10349,
10523,
3228,
895,
29889,
2178,
4558,
2085,
2167,
29891,
310,
12670,
20157,
29916,
3148,
29892,
365,
12182,
29889,
13,
1576,
11847,
583,
5742,
278,
5802,
322,
24329,
310,
6502,
2522,
943,
968,
29915,
29879,
450,
12601,
1171,
526,
1886,
1022,
287,
297,
12814,
292,
7014,
29889,
18266,
411,
2107,
8570,
304,
278,
3534,
2187,
310,
24615,
408,
15468,
373,
2706,
10961,
29892,
372,
884,
628,
1536,
967,
4890,
411,
278,
671,
310,
4280,
13436,
15483,
29889,
450,
5828,
443,
1028,
8789,
763,
263,
664,
1754,
363,
278,
24842,
310,
13283,
11844,
813,
322,
6200,
29892,
372,
756,
1063,
9132,
297,
263,
10712,
23483,
630,
322,
1532,
29899,
1131,
2760,
9078,
278,
8141,
936,
1065,
813,
3447,
278,
4682,
674,
5517,
1284,
278,
13638,
310,
967,
20026,
408,
263,
24820,
5802,
373,
12670,
20157,
29916,
29892,
297,
17774,
322,
373,
2011,
519,
9224,
310,
599,
15786,
29889,
1126,
2466,
363,
3460,
964,
263,
9999,
6689,
10231,
368,
1401,
18186,
408,
2534,
263,
3273,
8570,
10638,
29892,
450,
12601,
1171,
24332,
368,
6057,
2211,
6199,
322,
29871,
29941,
29900,
6233,
29892,
322,
338,
4240,
304,
367,
17977,
2580,
297,
697,
16246,
29889,
13,
2831,
1906,
411,
263,
25871,
8004,
310,
278,
8401,
1967,
29892,
727,
29915,
29879,
385,
875,
18499,
7348,
2629,
278,
5802,
29915,
29879,
907,
1230,
25348,
297,
2522,
943,
968,
29915,
29879,
337,
371,
11500,
411,
25955,
1946,
261,
7733,
29878,
5973,
8289,
10896,
29892,
18188,
29892,
319,
12513,
304,
6963,
11483,
278,
269,
7781,
29915,
29879,
7604,
29879,
322,
23023,
1080,
29889,
13,
29925,
374,
10896,
1162,
4293,
263,
3256,
746,
540,
322,
2522,
943,
968,
892,
28489,
701,
1009,
664,
373,
5664,
663,
813,
607,
29892,
1549,
17439,
322,
5528,
944,
14826,
29892,
471,
3755,
263,
18766,
1716,
907,
6703,
322,
22830,
313,
2477,
2627,
29889,
525,
29896,
29955,
29897,
813,
322,
896,
28454,
304,
18593,
363,
263,
15373,
29889,
376,
2887,
591,
29915,
276,
926,
292,
1699,
8289,
10896,
4083,
29892,
376,
15838,
29891,
10603,
592,
29892,
525,
29902,
29915,
345,
1063,
7291,
1048,
920,
304,
15877,
1761,
1711,
2948,
450,
12601,
1171,
29889,
306,
1348,
393,
5505,
306,
29915,
29881,
763,
304,
1018,
1554,
393,
23880,
763,
263,
3271,
14064,
29892,
541,
306,
1016,
29915,
29873,
864,
372,
304,
367,
2646,
4901,
322,
1361,
29882,
2495,
6169,
2193,
471,
385,
8031,
18766,
363,
592,
29889,
1724,
306,
11098,
471,
393,
540,
471,
1811,
304,
27769,
278,
3370,
310,
825,
3271,
2351,
583,
1106,
763,
1213,
450,
817,
304,
2198,
263,
5828,
2729,
373,
2626,
3842,
471,
1554,
896,
1716,
15502,
2501,
363,
278,
1472,
29899,
7118,
1218,
2060,
29889,
13,
2831,
263,
931,
29892,
278,
14064,
23888,
278,
4055,
306,
940,
538,
887,
349,
2365,
379,
23676,
29892,
278,
3611,
310,
278,
5322,
18007,
29873,
1661,
29899,
29888,
2463,
3143,
2501,
607,
278,
14064,
338,
2729,
29892,
1048,
2787,
3362,
1944,
25808,
273,
4976,
2296,
261,
273,
29892,
1058,
4689,
408,
263,
8583,
2475,
9833,
4509,
322,
9558,
287,
491,
14496,
29892,
515,
278,
29871,
29896,
29929,
29945,
29900,
29879,
1549,
278,
525,
29955,
29900,
29879,
29892,
304,
4953,
2301,
2841,
322,
769,
20105,
262,
363,
278,
18292,
341,
2142,
423,
13994,
24344,
427,
4467,
17143,
297,
278,
9833,
813,
278,
21277,
310,
607,
5216,
5794,
3512,
599,
278,
982,
701,
304,
278,
21334,
29891,
322,
2748,
599,
29899,
13519,
1319,
289,
2209,
20636,
22151,
29874,
29889,
13,
17392,
272,
6502,
2522,
943,
968,
313,
1563,
29897,
322,
7733,
29878,
5973,
8289,
10896,
29892,
18188,
29892,
319,
12513,
313,
1266,
467,
376,
29934,
397,
29878,
5973,
338,
4129,
366,
1033,
864,
297,
263,
11465,
1061,
1699,
2522,
943,
968,
10603,
14614,
29889,
376,
3868,
29915,
29879,
17623,
332,
681,
29892,
540,
29915,
29879,
24386,
2738,
29892,
540,
29915,
29879,
260,
533,
2222,
29892,
322,
540,
2337,
14874,
701,
278,
27725,
322,
278,
5864,
373,
731,
29889,
940,
22405,
373,
670,
6900,
322,
338,
2337,
7960,
411,
263,
1650,
10940,
263,
1108,
564,
4637,
29892,
322,
540,
9906,
670,
25554,
322,
670,
8492,
763,
540,
9906,
278,
3454,
373,
278,
1250,
310,
670,
1361,
29889,
7733,
29878,
5973,
338,
385,
1095,
23769,
6374,
907,
1230,
4889,
1213,
13,
3047,
263,
4320,
393,
5134,
4755,
897,
405,
3350,
408,
2296,
261,
273,
322,
838,
9790,
1789,
408,
22151,
29874,
813,
3412,
411,
11131,
349,
267,
455,
29892,
9596,
6033,
1562,
29892,
3536,
6950,
4813,
7454,
29892,
27665,
315,
812,
485,
744,
322,
11230,
2621,
24150,
813,
278,
380,
6926,
11492,
6133,
363,
8289,
10896,
29892,
1058,
471,
3414,
287,
411,
19912,
304,
10127,
263,
1106,
5186,
304,
278,
5828,
322,
967,
10769,
29889,
13,
1576,
25955,
1946,
261,
6363,
515,
278,
2471,
491,
4404,
22580,
4315,
13236,
24703,
16753,
453,
713,
393,
278,
5828,
723,
1722,
411,
385,
26552,
2296,
261,
273,
1083,
262,
275,
3277,
408,
540,
13582,
1250,
15602,
515,
670,
4049,
29899,
1403,
324,
296,
4940,
29889,
1724,
8289,
10896,
330,
14044,
287,
515,
2522,
943,
968,
29915,
29879,
2125,
471,
29892,
376,
3112,
23880,
763,
366,
29915,
276,
6456,
292,
393,
3152,
29889,
1105,
306,
2714,
29892,
525,
5618,
565,
2012,
310,
953,
18099,
278,
1106,
310,
263,
3271,
14064,
29892,
591,
953,
5987,
278,
2927,
21862,
310,
28800,
1603,
6731,
5275,
310,
278,
1422,
604,
294,
29973,
306,
4687,
5925,
292,
1603,
29899,
561,
327,
5275,
953,
7273,
1080,
322,
278,
4955,
310,
1661,
29899,
23221,
15750,
6731,
5275,
297,
278,
1602,
3076,
591,
723,
367,
15783,
29892,
322,
9698,
701,
4969,
1106
] | 2,621 | 0 | CommonCrawl | 16 | 20 |
-up tables that emulated Kodachrome for the '50s and Ektachrome for the '60s."
For the '70s and beyond, Prieto incorporated the look of the ENR silver-retention process that was invented at Technicolor Rome and first used by Vittorio Storaro, ASC, AIC for Warren Beatty's 1981 feature Reds. In that process, after the film has been bleached but before the silver is fixed out of the print, an added black-and-white development bath helps retain silver, resulting in sharper contrast and reduced color saturation.
Sheeran and Bufalino share a moment with Frank's daughter Peggy (Lucy Gallina).
"We did research into the characteristics of this process and created a LUT to use in two [of the film's] phases," Prieto notes. "For the first part of the '70s, I used a 'light ENR,' making for just a little bit of desaturation and a little extra contrast. But then, right after Hoffa's murder in 1975, the LUT shifts to a deeper version of ENR, so you'll notice [during] the end of the movie that the color is further drained from the image. For me, this was a way to represent the loss of meaning in Sheeran's life in the years after his friend's death."
Prepping these exacting hues was no quick process. "We had to do very complex color science," the cinematographer says. "The early stages of creating the LUTs was done by Philippe Panzini from Codex in London. He is a fanatic about film emulsions; he has interviewed the Kodak scientists who created Kodachrome and Ektachrome, and carefully researched how these emulsions reproduce the different colors."
The production preps an exterior scene to be shot in Super 35 with an Arricam ST and Cooke Panchro lenses.
This information was then given to color scientist and ASC associate member Matthew Tomlinson at Harbor Picture Co., where he worked with colorists Yvan Lucas and Elodie Ichter to perform the LUT-creation for the movie, "reproducing [the looks] for the digital and film [footage] and matching them," Tomlinson says. Lucas and Ichter also worked with Prieto on the final color grade, which was performed with FilmLight's Baselight system. (More on this below in "Evoking The Irishman's Eras")
"I found that the digital camera that best reproduced the color characteristics of the LUTs on the film negative was the Red Helium," Prieto says. "We mapped the LUT colors to match the film negative and the Red sensor. Industrial Light & Magic took care of matching the grain structure of the film negatives I used on all the visual-effects shots captured with the digital cameras."
Once Scorsese had given his blessing to the looks, Prieto visited the Harbor Picture facility in Santa Monica with reference images. "I separated the decades through LUTs to help create an emotional arc for the character," the cinematographer recalls, "starting with the 'memory' of Kodachrome, which is quite colorful, especially saturating the red hues — and then of Ektachrome, which is also colorful but deflects colors in a very different way, a little less saturated and more skewed towards cyan green in the shadows. And then, after Hoffa's death, the color is gone from Sheeran's life; this was achieved through the ENR LUT. I also push-processed the negative for this part of the story, adding additional grain to the image."
Ultimately, Prieto reports, "We shot approximately 51 percent of the movie in 3-perf Super 35mm on Kodak [Vision3 250D] 5207 and [Vision3 500T] 5219, and the rest on digital cameras for the visual-effects work." The film material was shot with Arricam ST and LT cameras and Cooke Panchro Classic lenses. The negative was processed at Kodak's lab in New York and scanned at Technicolor in New York.
In order to depict De Niro-as-Sheeran through the several decades of the story, the production had to find a way to "de-age" him and other key members of the cast. The process — | 1.35367 | 1.115273 | 0.321209 | 0.836726 | [
1.5974720516730403,
1.1098675989494815
] | [
1.54860490898402,
0.6819406756301161
] | [
0.6433120335409619,
-0.000893186906642478
] | [
0.9824025809506501,
0.6910491109063271
] | 1,024 | [
512,
512
] | [
29899,
786,
6131,
393,
953,
7964,
476,
397,
496,
4871,
363,
278,
525,
29945,
29900,
29879,
322,
382,
1193,
496,
4871,
363,
278,
525,
29953,
29900,
29879,
1213,
13,
2831,
278,
525,
29955,
29900,
29879,
322,
8724,
29892,
8289,
10896,
11039,
630,
278,
1106,
310,
278,
12524,
29934,
13283,
29899,
2267,
2509,
1889,
393,
471,
11817,
287,
472,
8364,
5283,
272,
9184,
322,
937,
1304,
491,
29364,
10893,
624,
272,
8854,
29892,
18188,
29892,
319,
2965,
363,
24511,
18573,
1017,
29915,
29879,
29871,
29896,
29929,
29947,
29896,
4682,
4367,
29879,
29889,
512,
393,
1889,
29892,
1156,
278,
2706,
756,
1063,
10767,
3791,
541,
1434,
278,
13283,
338,
4343,
714,
310,
278,
1596,
29892,
385,
2715,
4628,
29899,
392,
29899,
10921,
5849,
27683,
6911,
11551,
13283,
29892,
9819,
297,
528,
279,
546,
12814,
322,
12212,
2927,
269,
1337,
362,
29889,
13,
13468,
261,
273,
322,
350,
1137,
284,
1789,
6232,
263,
3256,
411,
4976,
29915,
29879,
8750,
27281,
1927,
313,
24126,
1270,
8130,
1099,
467,
13,
29908,
4806,
1258,
5925,
964,
278,
21862,
310,
445,
1889,
322,
2825,
263,
365,
2692,
304,
671,
297,
1023,
518,
974,
278,
2706,
29915,
29879,
29962,
29540,
1699,
8289,
10896,
11486,
29889,
376,
2831,
278,
937,
760,
310,
278,
525,
29955,
29900,
29879,
29892,
306,
1304,
263,
525,
4366,
12524,
29934,
5501,
3907,
363,
925,
263,
2217,
2586,
310,
553,
1337,
362,
322,
263,
2217,
4805,
12814,
29889,
1205,
769,
29892,
1492,
1156,
22151,
29874,
29915,
29879,
13406,
297,
29871,
29896,
29929,
29955,
29945,
29892,
278,
365,
2692,
528,
17741,
304,
263,
25871,
1873,
310,
12524,
29934,
29892,
577,
366,
29915,
645,
8369,
518,
29881,
3864,
29962,
278,
1095,
310,
278,
14064,
393,
278,
2927,
338,
4340,
7482,
1312,
515,
278,
1967,
29889,
1152,
592,
29892,
445,
471,
263,
982,
304,
2755,
278,
6410,
310,
6593,
297,
2296,
261,
273,
29915,
29879,
2834,
297,
278,
2440,
1156,
670,
5121,
29915,
29879,
4892,
1213,
13,
6572,
3262,
1438,
2684,
292,
298,
1041,
471,
694,
4996,
1889,
29889,
376,
4806,
750,
304,
437,
1407,
4280,
2927,
10466,
1699,
278,
25955,
1946,
261,
4083,
29889,
376,
1576,
4688,
22950,
310,
4969,
278,
365,
2692,
29879,
471,
2309,
491,
18442,
349,
4096,
2172,
515,
5920,
29916,
297,
4517,
29889,
940,
338,
263,
13524,
2454,
1048,
2706,
953,
7273,
1080,
29936,
540,
756,
15593,
287,
278,
476,
397,
557,
9638,
2879,
1058,
2825,
476,
397,
496,
4871,
322,
382,
1193,
496,
4871,
29892,
322,
16112,
5925,
287,
920,
1438,
953,
7273,
1080,
18532,
278,
1422,
11955,
1213,
13,
1576,
5802,
758,
567,
385,
25591,
9088,
304,
367,
10322,
297,
5670,
29871,
29941,
29945,
411,
385,
826,
2200,
314,
6850,
322,
3189,
6946,
6518,
305,
307,
301,
11259,
29889,
13,
4013,
2472,
471,
769,
2183,
304,
2927,
9638,
391,
322,
18188,
25836,
4509,
22292,
4335,
1915,
1100,
472,
3536,
4089,
28908,
3189,
1696,
988,
540,
3796,
411,
2927,
2879,
612,
3703,
24243,
322,
1260,
397,
347,
306,
8255,
304,
2189,
278,
365,
2692,
29899,
1037,
362,
363,
278,
14064,
29892,
376,
276,
5498,
3277,
518,
1552,
3430,
29962,
363,
278,
13436,
322,
2706,
518,
6661,
482,
29962,
322,
9686,
963,
1699,
4335,
1915,
1100,
4083,
29889,
24243,
322,
306,
8255,
884,
3796,
411,
8289,
10896,
373,
278,
2186,
2927,
19468,
29892,
607,
471,
8560,
411,
4643,
20769,
29915,
29879,
4886,
295,
523,
1788,
29889,
313,
20761,
373,
445,
2400,
297,
376,
29923,
29894,
17223,
450,
12601,
1171,
29915,
29879,
1425,
294,
1159,
13,
29908,
29902,
1476,
393,
278,
13436,
10656,
393,
1900,
9483,
1133,
278,
2927,
21862,
310,
278,
365,
2692,
29879,
373,
278,
2706,
8178,
471,
278,
4367,
6162,
1974,
1699,
8289,
10896,
4083,
29889,
376,
4806,
20545,
278,
365,
2692,
11955,
304,
1993,
278,
2706,
8178,
322,
278,
4367,
23530,
29889,
12157,
9315,
12790,
669,
26494,
3614,
2562,
310,
9686,
278,
2646,
262,
3829,
310,
278,
2706,
3480,
5056,
306,
1304,
373,
599,
278,
7604,
29899,
15987,
29879,
528,
1862,
15468,
411,
278,
13436,
3949,
18464,
1213,
13,
26222,
2522,
943,
968,
750,
2183,
670,
17065,
292,
304,
278,
3430,
29892,
8289,
10896,
16669,
278,
3536,
4089,
28908,
24454,
297,
7510,
2598,
983,
411,
3407,
4558,
29889,
376,
29902,
13055,
278,
1602,
3076,
1549,
365,
2692,
29879,
304,
1371,
1653,
385,
23023,
1848,
15232,
363,
278,
2931,
1699,
278,
25955,
1946,
261,
1162,
4293,
29892,
376,
2962,
292,
411,
278,
525,
14834,
29915,
310,
476,
397,
496,
4871,
29892,
607,
338,
3755,
2927,
1319,
29892,
7148,
269,
1337,
1218,
278,
2654,
298,
1041,
813,
322,
769,
310,
382,
1193,
496,
4871,
29892,
607,
338,
884,
2927,
1319,
541,
822,
781,
29879,
11955,
297,
263,
1407,
1422,
982,
29892,
263,
2217,
3109,
269,
1337,
630,
322,
901,
18109,
8734,
7113,
5094,
273,
7933,
297,
278,
528,
23626,
29889,
1126,
769,
29892,
1156,
22151,
29874,
29915,
29879,
4892,
29892,
278,
2927,
338,
7695,
515,
2296,
261,
273,
29915,
29879,
2834,
29936,
445,
471,
14363,
1549,
278,
12524,
29934,
365,
2692,
29889,
306,
884,
5503,
29899,
5014,
287,
278,
8178,
363,
445,
760,
310,
278,
5828,
29892,
4417,
5684,
2646,
262,
304,
278,
1967,
1213,
13,
29965,
1896,
15084,
29892,
8289,
10896,
13676,
29892,
376,
4806,
10322,
14235,
29871,
29945,
29896,
10151,
310,
278,
14064,
297,
29871,
29941,
29899,
546,
29888,
5670,
29871,
29941,
29945,
4317,
373,
476,
397,
557,
518,
29963,
2459,
29941,
29871,
29906,
29945,
29900,
29928,
29962,
29871,
29945,
29906,
29900,
29955,
322,
518,
29963,
2459,
29941,
29871,
29945,
29900,
29900,
29911,
29962,
29871,
29945,
29906,
29896,
29929,
29892,
322,
278,
1791,
373,
13436,
3949,
18464,
363,
278,
7604,
29899,
15987,
29879,
664,
1213,
450,
2706,
5518,
471,
10322,
411,
826,
2200,
314,
6850,
322,
365,
29911,
3949,
18464,
322,
3189,
6946,
6518,
305,
307,
24300,
301,
11259,
29889,
450,
8178,
471,
19356,
472,
476,
397,
557,
29915,
29879,
9775,
297,
1570,
3088,
322,
885,
11310,
472,
8364,
5283,
272,
297,
1570,
3088,
29889,
13,
797,
1797,
304,
1401,
919,
897,
405,
3350,
29899,
294,
29899,
13468,
261,
273,
1549,
278,
3196,
1602,
3076,
310,
278,
5828,
29892,
278,
5802,
750,
304,
1284,
263,
982,
304,
376,
311,
29899,
482,
29908,
1075,
322,
916,
1820,
5144,
310,
278,
4320,
29889,
450,
1889,
813
] | 2,621 | 1,024 | CommonCrawl | 16 | 20 |
as overseen by ILM visual-effects supervisor Pablo Helman in close concert with Scorsese — was a tech adventure in its own right, but one thing the filmmakers knew from the outset was that their assembly of deeply naturalistic actors would not be game for the kind of production environment that has traditionally seen performers helmeted or covered in markers, and sometimes acting opposite props rather than their fellow thespians. ILM therefore worked closely with the filmmakers to develop a three-camera rig, with a main camera and two witness cameras, as well as a suite of software geared to handle the inherent complexities.
For sequences in which actors would be de-aged in post, the filmmakers employed a three-camera digital rig — aka the "three-headed monster" — to capture the imagery as well as infrared and depth information.
"The reason the VFX de-aging shots had to be captured digitally was that ILM needed three cameras with perfectly synchronized shutters for each angle," Prieto explains. "This would not be feasible on film cameras, plus there were issues of size and weight. The two witness cameras, which were [Arri] Alexa Minis outfitted with [Arri/Zeiss] Ultra Prime lenses, were tasked with capturing every detail of the depth information of the faces for the VFX de-aging work. ILM needed the images from the witness cameras to be flatly lit, without any additional texture or loss of information caused by dramatic lighting. For that reason, these cameras were fitted with filters that cut out all the visible wavelengths while allowing only infrared light into the sensor. Around the lenses of these witness cameras, we had infrared-light-emitting LEDs that lit the actor's faces with frontal infrared lighting. The Red Helium, which was usually outfitted with a Cooke Panchro Classic lens, could not 'see' this infrared light, so it captured only the actual lighting I created for the face.
"After each setup," the cinematographer continues, "we photographed a mirror/18-percent-gray sphere and then shot HDRI stills and a lidar [3D laser scan]. ILM ran all that data through a computer program that analyzed the lighting captured by the lidar, combined it with the light intensity measured in the mirror sphere and the 18-percent-gray sphere, and spewed out a lighting setup that replicated the intensity, shape and color temperature of my lighting, as well as any influence from the light reflected from the set. This was then applied onto the computer-generated 'young' face of the actor to replace the face we filmed.
Scorsese and Prieto work with actor Al Pacino (playing Teamster-union boss Jimmy Hoffa) to reenact one of the many public hearings Hoffa was called to attend.
"All three cameras had to move in unison, so we created a rig that held them together and was light enough to be used on any camera head — Marty couldn't be limited in the way he shot, so we had to make sure the rig could go anyplace he wanted and move in any way he envisioned," Prieto adds. "We used carbon fiber for the plate, but the choice of the lightest motors, rods and accessories was important. Each lens had to focus independently of the others, so each had its own focus motors and all the cables to power them.
"Another characteristic the rig had to have was compactness," he continues. "Sometimes the main camera had to be right next to a wall. For such cases, we designed the plate so we could remove the side support for one of the witness cameras, and we'd take the camera we removed from the side and mount it atop the main camera. The plate was designed so it would click into the fluid head, and we made special brackets that we'd mount to the plate when we put it on the Libra head for crane work.
"We called the rig 'the three-headed monster,' and Trevor Loomis, our incredible first AC, worked with Arri and ILM to create it," Prieto notes. "Zoran Veselic was also involved in the first phase of the design."
Given Scorsese's own active eye — though the film's narrative ethic was sooner stately than busy — there were also Steadicam shots (captured by P. Scott Sakamoto), and that system couldn't accommodate the three-camera rig. "For | 1.493377 | 1.104529 | 0.55708 | 1.008416 | [
1.6413016654010006,
1.3454517727372683
] | [
1.41967965112972,
0.7893783905086992
] | [
0.9324435104347686,
0.1817161669210249
] | [
1.2529450888489502,
0.7638874784174079
] | 1,024 | [
512,
512
] | [
408,
975,
28026,
491,
17674,
29924,
7604,
29899,
15987,
29879,
2428,
19188,
24770,
6162,
1171,
297,
3802,
13135,
411,
2522,
943,
968,
813,
471,
263,
734,
305,
17623,
545,
297,
967,
1914,
1492,
29892,
541,
697,
2655,
278,
2706,
29885,
21079,
6363,
515,
278,
714,
842,
471,
393,
1009,
11470,
310,
24344,
5613,
4695,
29701,
723,
451,
367,
3748,
363,
278,
2924,
310,
5802,
5177,
393,
756,
11399,
635,
3595,
2189,
414,
1081,
2527,
287,
470,
10664,
297,
29320,
29892,
322,
6041,
16684,
11564,
17761,
3265,
1135,
1009,
10404,
266,
267,
1631,
550,
29889,
17674,
29924,
5480,
3796,
16467,
411,
278,
2706,
29885,
21079,
304,
2693,
263,
2211,
29899,
26065,
12912,
29892,
411,
263,
1667,
10656,
322,
1023,
16277,
3949,
18464,
29892,
408,
1532,
408,
263,
9460,
310,
7047,
1737,
1965,
304,
4386,
278,
7846,
296,
4280,
1907,
29889,
13,
2831,
15602,
297,
607,
29701,
723,
367,
316,
29899,
4063,
297,
1400,
29892,
278,
2706,
29885,
21079,
15723,
263,
2211,
29899,
26065,
13436,
12912,
813,
263,
1335,
278,
376,
17536,
29899,
2813,
287,
1601,
2475,
29908,
813,
304,
10446,
278,
6382,
708,
408,
1532,
408,
3041,
336,
1127,
322,
10809,
2472,
29889,
13,
29908,
1576,
2769,
278,
478,
26753,
316,
29899,
6751,
528,
1862,
750,
304,
367,
15468,
13615,
635,
471,
393,
17674,
29924,
4312,
2211,
3949,
18464,
411,
7970,
12231,
1891,
12522,
2153,
363,
1269,
10696,
1699,
8289,
10896,
18568,
29889,
376,
4013,
723,
451,
367,
28326,
1821,
373,
2706,
3949,
18464,
29892,
2298,
727,
892,
5626,
310,
2159,
322,
7688,
29889,
450,
1023,
16277,
3949,
18464,
29892,
607,
892,
518,
1433,
374,
29962,
4827,
29874,
3080,
275,
714,
29888,
4430,
411,
518,
1433,
374,
29914,
24625,
790,
29962,
18514,
336,
15512,
301,
11259,
29892,
892,
3414,
287,
411,
4332,
3864,
1432,
9493,
310,
278,
10809,
2472,
310,
278,
17240,
363,
278,
478,
26753,
316,
29899,
6751,
664,
29889,
17674,
29924,
4312,
278,
4558,
515,
278,
16277,
3949,
18464,
304,
367,
12151,
368,
11872,
29892,
1728,
738,
5684,
18459,
470,
6410,
310,
2472,
8581,
491,
8541,
2454,
3578,
292,
29889,
1152,
393,
2769,
29892,
1438,
3949,
18464,
892,
25890,
411,
18094,
393,
5700,
714,
599,
278,
7962,
281,
6447,
1477,
29879,
1550,
14372,
871,
3041,
336,
1127,
3578,
964,
278,
23530,
29889,
826,
618,
278,
301,
11259,
310,
1438,
16277,
3949,
18464,
29892,
591,
750,
3041,
336,
1127,
29899,
4366,
29899,
331,
5367,
25023,
29879,
393,
11872,
278,
11339,
29915,
29879,
17240,
411,
4565,
284,
3041,
336,
1127,
3578,
292,
29889,
450,
4367,
6162,
1974,
29892,
607,
471,
5491,
714,
29888,
4430,
411,
263,
3189,
6946,
6518,
305,
307,
24300,
301,
575,
29892,
1033,
451,
525,
4149,
29915,
445,
3041,
336,
1127,
3578,
29892,
577,
372,
15468,
871,
278,
3935,
3578,
292,
306,
2825,
363,
278,
3700,
29889,
13,
29908,
13555,
1269,
6230,
1699,
278,
25955,
1946,
261,
18172,
29892,
376,
705,
17739,
287,
263,
19571,
29914,
29896,
29947,
29899,
25376,
29899,
21012,
20745,
322,
769,
10322,
18435,
3960,
1603,
29879,
322,
263,
17343,
279,
518,
29941,
29928,
1869,
261,
12812,
1822,
17674,
29924,
6350,
599,
393,
848,
1549,
263,
6601,
1824,
393,
29537,
287,
278,
3578,
292,
15468,
491,
278,
17343,
279,
29892,
12420,
372,
411,
278,
3578,
26171,
17005,
297,
278,
19571,
20745,
322,
278,
29871,
29896,
29947,
29899,
25376,
29899,
21012,
20745,
29892,
322,
961,
8734,
714,
263,
3578,
292,
6230,
393,
1634,
9169,
278,
26171,
29892,
8267,
322,
2927,
10430,
310,
590,
3578,
292,
29892,
408,
1532,
408,
738,
9949,
515,
278,
3578,
25312,
515,
278,
731,
29889,
910,
471,
769,
7436,
11480,
278,
6601,
29899,
13525,
525,
6293,
865,
29915,
3700,
310,
278,
11339,
304,
5191,
278,
3700,
591,
977,
2168,
29889,
13,
4421,
943,
968,
322,
8289,
10896,
664,
411,
11339,
838,
9790,
1789,
313,
1456,
292,
8583,
2475,
29899,
13094,
289,
2209,
20636,
22151,
29874,
29897,
304,
337,
264,
627,
697,
310,
278,
1784,
970,
8293,
886,
22151,
29874,
471,
2000,
304,
14333,
29889,
13,
29908,
3596,
2211,
3949,
18464,
750,
304,
4337,
297,
443,
2285,
29892,
577,
591,
2825,
263,
12912,
393,
4934,
963,
4208,
322,
471,
3578,
3307,
304,
367,
1304,
373,
738,
10656,
2343,
813,
3760,
29891,
8496,
29915,
29873,
367,
9078,
297,
278,
982,
540,
10322,
29892,
577,
591,
750,
304,
1207,
1854,
278,
12912,
1033,
748,
738,
6689,
540,
5131,
322,
4337,
297,
738,
982,
540,
427,
4924,
287,
1699,
8289,
10896,
12778,
29889,
376,
4806,
1304,
22004,
5713,
495,
363,
278,
15284,
29892,
541,
278,
7348,
310,
278,
3578,
342,
3184,
943,
29892,
696,
6289,
322,
2130,
3842,
471,
4100,
29889,
7806,
301,
575,
750,
304,
8569,
25499,
310,
278,
4045,
29892,
577,
1269,
750,
967,
1914,
8569,
3184,
943,
322,
599,
278,
274,
1849,
304,
3081,
963,
29889,
13,
29908,
2744,
1228,
17443,
278,
12912,
750,
304,
505,
471,
11071,
2264,
1699,
540,
18172,
29889,
376,
29903,
14618,
278,
1667,
10656,
750,
304,
367,
1492,
2446,
304,
263,
10090,
29889,
1152,
1316,
4251,
29892,
591,
8688,
278,
15284,
577,
591,
1033,
3349,
278,
2625,
2304,
363,
697,
310,
278,
16277,
3949,
18464,
29892,
322,
591,
29915,
29881,
2125,
278,
10656,
591,
6206,
515,
278,
2625,
322,
5766,
372,
472,
459,
278,
1667,
10656,
29889,
450,
15284,
471,
8688,
577,
372,
723,
2828,
964,
278,
22576,
2343,
29892,
322,
591,
1754,
4266,
20476,
393,
591,
29915,
29881,
5766,
304,
278,
15284,
746,
591,
1925,
372,
373,
278,
8153,
336,
2343,
363,
274,
10800,
664,
29889,
13,
29908,
4806,
2000,
278,
12912,
525,
1552,
2211,
29899,
2813,
287,
1601,
2475,
5501,
322,
6479,
5267,
4309,
290,
275,
29892,
1749,
29811,
1821,
937,
14614,
29892,
3796,
411,
826,
374,
322,
17674,
29924,
304,
1653,
372,
1699,
8289,
10896,
11486,
29889,
376,
29999,
272,
273,
478,
267,
295,
293,
471,
884,
9701,
297,
278,
937,
8576,
310,
278,
2874,
1213,
13,
29954,
5428,
2522,
943,
968,
29915,
29879,
1914,
6136,
10977,
813,
2466,
278,
2706,
29915,
29879,
15474,
1230,
11314,
293,
471,
29548,
1002,
873,
1135,
19587,
813,
727,
892,
884,
2443,
26538,
314,
528,
1862,
313,
17885,
2955,
491,
349,
29889,
8075,
19736,
314,
3747,
511,
322,
393,
1788,
8496,
29915,
29873,
24803,
403,
278,
2211,
29899,
26065,
12912,
29889,
376,
2831
] | 2,621 | 2,048 | CommonCrawl | 12 | 5 |
Steadicam, we ended up using a two-camera version of the rig, and the third camera was positioned off the rig on a stand to capture the information of the face that the two cameras on the Steadicam were not seeing," Prieto explains. "ILM required the triangulation of the three cameras for all the face-replacement shots."
Scott Sakamoto operates Steadicam.
Crucial to the creative collaboration that brought The Irishman to fruition was Prieto's work with a favorite colleague: gaffer Bill O'Leary. "Every time I do something in New York, I try to get Bill onboard," the cinematographer says. "He had his work cut out for him because we had, I'll estimate, about 300 sets. Every day we had company moves — or we'd be in, say, a hotel room onstage and then we'd move to Sheeran's house — and a lot of sets had to be prepared, pre-lit and ready. Somehow, Bill makes it look simple. He's kind of similar to Sheeran in the sense that he doesn't talk much about how he's going to do things or how it happens; he just executes a wildly complicated lighting scheme. Sometimes I worry he'll say, 'That's impossible.' But then it happens. He was a great partner.
"The other great partner in terms of lighting was our key grip, Tommy Prate," Prieto continues. "Tommy also had his work cut out for him, especially the studio work, most of which was done in this huge, empty armory in Williamsburg, Brooklyn. Tommy created this giant grid with pipes, trusses and lighting rigs based on the floor plans of the sets. It was very time-consuming in prep to figure all this out and then to build the lighting rigs before the sets were even constructed. We had to pre-design our lighting from plans and miniatures. I found that thrilling — creating the light in the studio to make it seamless with the real locations." (The story unfolds in Philadelphia, Detroit, New York, Miami and Washington, D.C., but the production used locations in and around New York City.)
All the hotel rooms were sets, plus both of Sheeran's houses, as well as a room and restaurant in the Howard Johnson's. "The Villa Di Roma is one of the main sets we built in a studio," Prieto recalls. "We also built the interior of the house in Detroit where Hoffa is shot. The interior of Umberto's Clam House, where Joey Gallo [Sebastian Maniscalco] is killed, was a set, too. There's one nighttime establishing shot that starts on location outside a replica of Umberto's, pushing in on a 50-foot Technocrane into a blue-screen on the door, and then transitioning into a continuation of the move on a Steadicam in the studio."
Scorsese at the helm for a scene with De Niro and Pesci.
All car interiors were shot in a studio. For the road journeys, the production deployed wall-size LED monitors that provided the cameras and the actors with a believable passing land- or cityscape. Prieto explains, "We worked with the OverDrive system at PRG with the support of [ASC associate] Dan Hammond. I had three walls made out of LED panels that measured about 10 feet high by 16 feet wide, plus two 6-by-6-foot panels. We used one of the big LED walls for the background of the shots — similar to rear-screen projection but with an LED wall instead — while the other LED screens were used for interactive lighting. The 2nd unit shot the plates we used for the LED screens with a system devised by Background Plates. It uses nine cameras to capture every angle around the car. On stage, we fed those images to our screens, which lit the actors in the car. That way we got all the accurate reflections on the car, on the faces and on the actors' eyeglasses. I also used Source Four Lekos to create hard-edged sunlight effects.
Many exteriors throughout the film were shot onstage at an armory in Williamsburg, Brooklyn.
"To light this film, we employed every trick of the trade: Fresnel, open-face and PAR tungsten, HMI, ellipsoidals, LEDs of all kinds, and, every once in a while, lighting balloons," Pri | 1.241356 | 1.208385 | 0.096752 | 0.490744 | [
1.3454517727372683,
1.1372611075294567
] | [
1.0400663918920598,
1.376704565178287
] | [
0.22736850537794176,
-0.033864320236637976
] | [
0.5505751164206714,
0.4309120840810387
] | 1,024 | [
512,
512
] | [
2443,
26538,
314,
29892,
591,
9698,
701,
773,
263,
1023,
29899,
26065,
1873,
310,
278,
12912,
29892,
322,
278,
4654,
10656,
471,
2602,
287,
1283,
278,
12912,
373,
263,
2317,
304,
10446,
278,
2472,
310,
278,
3700,
393,
278,
1023,
3949,
18464,
373,
278,
2443,
26538,
314,
892,
451,
8790,
1699,
8289,
10896,
18568,
29889,
376,
6227,
29924,
3734,
278,
3367,
574,
2785,
310,
278,
2211,
3949,
18464,
363,
599,
278,
3700,
29899,
3445,
9552,
528,
1862,
1213,
13,
4421,
1501,
19736,
314,
3747,
1751,
1078,
2443,
26538,
314,
29889,
13,
29907,
582,
1455,
304,
278,
907,
1230,
24771,
393,
6296,
450,
12601,
1171,
304,
285,
582,
654,
471,
8289,
10896,
29915,
29879,
664,
411,
263,
25448,
23056,
3437,
29901,
330,
2142,
571,
6682,
438,
29915,
3226,
653,
29889,
376,
26526,
931,
306,
437,
1554,
297,
1570,
3088,
29892,
306,
1018,
304,
679,
6682,
373,
3377,
1699,
278,
25955,
1946,
261,
4083,
29889,
376,
3868,
750,
670,
664,
5700,
714,
363,
1075,
1363,
591,
750,
29892,
306,
29915,
645,
12678,
29892,
1048,
29871,
29941,
29900,
29900,
6166,
29889,
7569,
2462,
591,
750,
5001,
16229,
813,
470,
591,
29915,
29881,
367,
297,
29892,
1827,
29892,
263,
16730,
5716,
373,
19190,
322,
769,
591,
29915,
29881,
4337,
304,
2296,
261,
273,
29915,
29879,
3699,
813,
322,
263,
3287,
310,
6166,
750,
304,
367,
13240,
29892,
758,
29899,
19411,
322,
7960,
29889,
3834,
3525,
29892,
6682,
3732,
372,
1106,
2560,
29889,
940,
29915,
29879,
2924,
310,
2788,
304,
2296,
261,
273,
297,
278,
4060,
393,
540,
1838,
29915,
29873,
5193,
1568,
1048,
920,
540,
29915,
29879,
2675,
304,
437,
2712,
470,
920,
372,
5930,
29936,
540,
925,
24138,
263,
8775,
368,
12092,
3578,
292,
11380,
29889,
18512,
306,
15982,
540,
29915,
645,
1827,
29892,
525,
7058,
29915,
29879,
9301,
6169,
1205,
769,
372,
5930,
29889,
940,
471,
263,
2107,
18096,
29889,
13,
29908,
1576,
916,
2107,
18096,
297,
4958,
310,
3578,
292,
471,
1749,
1820,
330,
6472,
29892,
27036,
1588,
403,
1699,
8289,
10896,
18172,
29889,
376,
21599,
1357,
884,
750,
670,
664,
5700,
714,
363,
1075,
29892,
7148,
278,
8693,
664,
29892,
1556,
310,
607,
471,
2309,
297,
445,
12176,
29892,
4069,
5075,
706,
297,
11648,
3074,
29892,
18737,
13493,
29889,
27036,
2825,
445,
28396,
6856,
411,
8450,
267,
29892,
534,
1558,
267,
322,
3578,
292,
12912,
29879,
2729,
373,
278,
11904,
13900,
310,
278,
6166,
29889,
739,
471,
1407,
931,
29899,
25978,
292,
297,
8273,
304,
4377,
599,
445,
714,
322,
769,
304,
2048,
278,
3578,
292,
12912,
29879,
1434,
278,
6166,
892,
1584,
13319,
29889,
1334,
750,
304,
758,
29899,
13892,
1749,
3578,
292,
515,
13900,
322,
20629,
3698,
29889,
306,
1476,
393,
1468,
8873,
813,
4969,
278,
3578,
297,
278,
8693,
304,
1207,
372,
409,
314,
2222,
411,
278,
1855,
14354,
1213,
313,
1576,
5828,
29395,
3361,
297,
18292,
29892,
25749,
29892,
1570,
3088,
29892,
23740,
322,
7660,
29892,
360,
29889,
29907,
1696,
541,
278,
5802,
1304,
14354,
297,
322,
2820,
1570,
3088,
4412,
1846,
13,
3596,
278,
16730,
19600,
892,
6166,
29892,
2298,
1716,
310,
2296,
261,
273,
29915,
29879,
12955,
29892,
408,
1532,
408,
263,
5716,
322,
27144,
297,
278,
17430,
11717,
29915,
29879,
29889,
376,
1576,
14439,
4671,
10659,
338,
697,
310,
278,
1667,
6166,
591,
4240,
297,
263,
8693,
1699,
8289,
10896,
1162,
4293,
29889,
376,
4806,
884,
4240,
278,
13290,
310,
278,
3699,
297,
25749,
988,
22151,
29874,
338,
10322,
29889,
450,
13290,
310,
6379,
9858,
29915,
29879,
2233,
314,
5619,
29892,
988,
3650,
1032,
5208,
417,
518,
29903,
774,
579,
713,
2315,
275,
1052,
1111,
29962,
338,
9445,
29892,
471,
263,
731,
29892,
2086,
29889,
1670,
29915,
29879,
697,
4646,
2230,
10127,
292,
10322,
393,
8665,
373,
4423,
5377,
263,
1634,
10123,
310,
6379,
9858,
29915,
29879,
29892,
27556,
297,
373,
263,
29871,
29945,
29900,
29899,
6661,
8364,
542,
10800,
964,
263,
7254,
29899,
10525,
373,
278,
3050,
29892,
322,
769,
9558,
292,
964,
263,
3133,
362,
310,
278,
4337,
373,
263,
2443,
26538,
314,
297,
278,
8693,
1213,
13,
4421,
943,
968,
472,
278,
1081,
29885,
363,
263,
9088,
411,
897,
405,
3350,
322,
349,
267,
455,
29889,
13,
3596,
1559,
1006,
18930,
892,
10322,
297,
263,
8693,
29889,
1152,
278,
6520,
8694,
484,
952,
29892,
278,
5802,
21168,
10090,
29899,
2311,
25023,
1601,
17259,
393,
4944,
278,
3949,
18464,
322,
278,
29701,
411,
263,
1339,
10384,
519,
6819,
2982,
29899,
470,
4272,
29879,
5738,
29889,
8289,
10896,
18568,
29892,
376,
4806,
3796,
411,
278,
6811,
29928,
4401,
1788,
472,
12089,
29954,
411,
278,
2304,
310,
518,
28599,
25836,
29962,
3951,
26356,
898,
29889,
306,
750,
2211,
14603,
1754,
714,
310,
25023,
7243,
1379,
393,
17005,
1048,
29871,
29896,
29900,
6900,
1880,
491,
29871,
29896,
29953,
6900,
9377,
29892,
2298,
1023,
29871,
29953,
29899,
1609,
29899,
29953,
29899,
6661,
7243,
1379,
29889,
1334,
1304,
697,
310,
278,
4802,
25023,
14603,
363,
278,
3239,
310,
278,
528,
1862,
813,
2788,
304,
18983,
29899,
10525,
18246,
541,
411,
385,
25023,
10090,
2012,
813,
1550,
278,
916,
25023,
11844,
892,
1304,
363,
28923,
3578,
292,
29889,
450,
29871,
29906,
299,
5190,
10322,
278,
715,
1078,
591,
1304,
363,
278,
25023,
11844,
411,
263,
1788,
316,
11292,
491,
16585,
1858,
1078,
29889,
739,
3913,
14183,
3949,
18464,
304,
10446,
1432,
10696,
2820,
278,
1559,
29889,
1551,
7408,
29892,
591,
21242,
1906,
4558,
304,
1749,
11844,
29892,
607,
11872,
278,
29701,
297,
278,
1559,
29889,
2193,
982,
591,
2355,
599,
278,
16232,
2143,
5942,
373,
278,
1559,
29892,
373,
278,
17240,
322,
373,
278,
29701,
29915,
321,
29891,
387,
605,
267,
29889,
306,
884,
1304,
7562,
12458,
951,
29895,
359,
304,
1653,
2898,
29899,
287,
3192,
6575,
4366,
9545,
29889,
13,
14804,
429,
357,
18930,
10106,
278,
2706,
892,
10322,
373,
19190,
472,
385,
5075,
706,
297,
11648,
3074,
29892,
18737,
13493,
29889,
13,
29908,
1762,
3578,
445,
2706,
29892,
591,
15723,
1432,
8938,
310,
278,
11302,
29901,
383,
690,
9139,
29892,
1722,
29899,
2161,
322,
349,
1718,
260,
686,
3510,
29892,
379,
10403,
29892,
22434,
567,
3398,
1338,
29892,
25023,
29879,
310,
599,
17690,
29892,
322,
29892,
1432,
2748,
297,
263,
1550,
29892,
3578,
292,
6411,
417,
787,
1699,
8289
] | 2,621 | 3,072 | CommonCrawl | 12 | 5 |
eto adds. One example of the latter is the scene at Philadelphia's Schuylkill River, where Frank throws a gun into the water. "For that one, we used a Sourcemaker 8-by-8 Cube with the sides blacked out," says O'Leary. "It was loaded with metal-halide lamps, the closest mercury-vapor equivalent." The underwater shot of the gun floating down onto a pile of weapons was shot dry on stage with smoke and lit with two Rosco X24 X-Effects Projectors simulating the streetlight projecting water patterns on the bottom of the river. The gun floating down was created as a CGI element by ILM. Prieto notes that most of the night exteriors in The Irishman have a mercury-vapor coloration because yellow/orange-hued sodium-vapor streetlights didn't exist at the time.
For the lighting in general, Prieto reports, "I emulated that mercury-vapor color with tungsten 10K, 5K and 2K Fresnels. We gelled them with [Lee 728] Steel Green — I use that gel a lot. It has a cyan color to it which looks to me very much like mercury vapor." He notes that this technique was used for such setups as "outside Umberto's Clam House, with many Fresnel units on rooftops, fire escapes and condor cranes. The exterior location was a corner on the Lower East Side. The interior was built in Astoria Studios and lit with Source Four Lekos shining through square holes in the ceiling, creating hot spots of white light in the restaurant."
Perhaps no single setting offered as many opportunities and challenges as a banquet scene that found several of the key characters assembled for a signal event of October 1974, which was billed as "Frank Sheeran Appreciation Night" and celebrated at a storied destination called the Latin Casino, where Sinatra had done shows. The production shot this in a ballroom in Harlem.
Mindful of the significance of the color red in previous Scorsese movies — he particularly remembers a bloody scene in a car trunk in the woods from Goodfellas, as illuminated by brake lights — Prieto sought to push the metaphor by equipping the set with red light sources. "Bob Shaw, our production designer, was skeptical in the beginning because he was afraid it would not go well with the blue curtains of his initial design," the cinematographer says, "but I shot a test with a lamp with a red shade and then augmented with red lighting to match that color, and Marty liked it. So Bob changed the curtains to gold and red, and we went in that direction (below). The concept was inspired by a banquet scene in the movie Network in which Owen Roizman [ASC] used red lampshades. To bathe the room in red light, I used Arri SkyPanels with Chimeras.
Lining up a shot while filming the "red ballroom" scene.
"All around the perimeter we put Birdies, miniature PAR cans, that we actually see in frame," he continues. "This mix of golden highlights from the Birdies and the red ambient light from the lamps became the lighting strategy for those scenes. I also used two spotlights to light the speakers onstage and to roam around the dancers when the music plays."
Prieto points to a sequence in the ballroom for which the spots were particularly useful: when Frank's daughter Peggy (Paquin) dances with Hoffa. Peggy has seen her father have an intense conversation with quietly sinister mob boss Russell Bufalino (Pesci) and fully realizes what her dad's deadly trade has done to their relationship, as well as to his (not-always-so-innocent) victims.
"Peggy realizes that these guys are thinking of killing Hoffa," Prieto describes. "So I used the spotlight sort of wandering romantically through the dancers and the tables as an 'excuse' to highlight certain moments. At one point, while she dances with Hoffa, she looks across the room and the spotlight happens to pass right through her. The camera is on a dolly, circling them, and as she turns, it pans to find Bufalino and other men who are upset with Hoffa — just as the spotlight highlights that | 1.244096 | 0.925466 | -0.341701 | 0.456926 | [
0.9674213543336104,
1.5207702276491095
] | [
1.3838670795035257,
0.46706524587294984
] | [
-0.44283318557985135,
-0.24056796380545592
] | [
0.5557778569571771,
0.3580737165699579
] | 1,024 | [
512,
512
] | [
10896,
12778,
29889,
3118,
1342,
310,
278,
7480,
338,
278,
9088,
472,
18292,
29915,
29879,
1102,
29884,
2904,
21174,
6163,
29892,
988,
4976,
8026,
263,
13736,
964,
278,
4094,
29889,
376,
2831,
393,
697,
29892,
591,
1304,
263,
317,
473,
19335,
5790,
29871,
29947,
29899,
1609,
29899,
29947,
315,
4003,
411,
278,
11192,
4628,
287,
714,
1699,
4083,
438,
29915,
3226,
653,
29889,
376,
3112,
471,
7500,
411,
11915,
29899,
4077,
680,
301,
15092,
29892,
278,
21438,
2778,
2764,
29891,
29899,
29894,
26191,
7126,
1213,
450,
1090,
13405,
10322,
310,
278,
13736,
16526,
1623,
11480,
263,
282,
488,
310,
25340,
471,
10322,
15589,
373,
7408,
411,
25158,
322,
11872,
411,
1023,
5678,
1111,
1060,
29906,
29946,
1060,
29899,
13971,
29879,
8010,
943,
1027,
18099,
278,
11952,
4366,
2060,
292,
4094,
15038,
373,
278,
5970,
310,
278,
8580,
29889,
450,
13736,
16526,
1623,
471,
2825,
408,
263,
8446,
29902,
1543,
491,
17674,
29924,
29889,
8289,
10896,
11486,
393,
1556,
310,
278,
4646,
429,
357,
18930,
297,
450,
12601,
1171,
505,
263,
2778,
2764,
29891,
29899,
29894,
26191,
2927,
362,
1363,
13328,
29914,
272,
927,
29899,
29882,
6742,
20892,
1974,
29899,
29894,
26191,
11952,
4366,
29879,
3282,
29915,
29873,
1863,
472,
278,
931,
29889,
13,
2831,
278,
3578,
292,
297,
2498,
29892,
8289,
10896,
13676,
29892,
376,
29902,
953,
7964,
393,
2778,
2764,
29891,
29899,
29894,
26191,
2927,
411,
260,
686,
3510,
29871,
29896,
29900,
29968,
29892,
29871,
29945,
29968,
322,
29871,
29906,
29968,
383,
690,
29876,
1379,
29889,
1334,
9127,
839,
963,
411,
518,
3226,
29872,
29871,
29955,
29906,
29947,
29962,
2443,
295,
7646,
813,
306,
671,
393,
9127,
263,
3287,
29889,
739,
756,
263,
5094,
273,
2927,
304,
372,
607,
3430,
304,
592,
1407,
1568,
763,
2778,
2764,
29891,
325,
26191,
1213,
940,
11486,
393,
445,
11043,
471,
1304,
363,
1316,
731,
14340,
408,
376,
449,
2975,
6379,
9858,
29915,
29879,
2233,
314,
5619,
29892,
411,
1784,
383,
690,
9139,
10340,
373,
696,
29877,
615,
3554,
29892,
3974,
3966,
11603,
322,
2148,
272,
274,
661,
267,
29889,
450,
25591,
4423,
471,
263,
11155,
373,
278,
27723,
6932,
19160,
29889,
450,
13290,
471,
4240,
297,
10186,
4108,
23268,
322,
11872,
411,
7562,
12458,
951,
29895,
359,
528,
2827,
1549,
6862,
26532,
297,
278,
2257,
6504,
29892,
4969,
7375,
805,
1862,
310,
4796,
3578,
297,
278,
27144,
1213,
13,
5894,
4252,
694,
2323,
4444,
12520,
408,
1784,
28602,
1907,
322,
18066,
267,
408,
263,
9892,
12621,
9088,
393,
1476,
3196,
310,
278,
1820,
4890,
24940,
29881,
363,
263,
7182,
1741,
310,
5533,
29871,
29896,
29929,
29955,
29946,
29892,
607,
471,
13181,
839,
408,
376,
7675,
29895,
2296,
261,
273,
2401,
4361,
362,
11554,
29908,
322,
26301,
472,
263,
2840,
1000,
12551,
2000,
278,
13548,
6960,
1789,
29892,
988,
8882,
16546,
750,
2309,
3697,
29889,
450,
5802,
10322,
445,
297,
263,
8287,
8345,
297,
3536,
2409,
29889,
13,
29924,
513,
1319,
310,
278,
26002,
310,
278,
2927,
2654,
297,
3517,
2522,
943,
968,
2351,
583,
813,
540,
10734,
1083,
13415,
263,
6668,
1486,
9088,
297,
263,
1559,
534,
2960,
297,
278,
25013,
515,
7197,
29888,
514,
294,
29892,
408,
4486,
9735,
630,
491,
4105,
446,
26068,
813,
8289,
10896,
18365,
304,
5503,
278,
1539,
481,
2015,
491,
1592,
17347,
278,
731,
411,
2654,
3578,
8974,
29889,
376,
29362,
28548,
29892,
1749,
5802,
23383,
29892,
471,
18109,
415,
936,
297,
278,
6763,
1363,
540,
471,
13421,
372,
723,
451,
748,
1532,
411,
278,
7254,
3151,
2408,
29879,
310,
670,
2847,
2874,
1699,
278,
25955,
1946,
261,
4083,
29892,
376,
4187,
306,
10322,
263,
1243,
411,
263,
28692,
411,
263,
2654,
528,
1943,
322,
769,
18765,
287,
411,
2654,
3578,
292,
304,
1993,
393,
2927,
29892,
322,
3760,
29891,
23289,
372,
29889,
1105,
7991,
3939,
278,
3151,
2408,
29879,
304,
7684,
322,
2654,
29892,
322,
591,
3512,
297,
393,
5305,
313,
22503,
467,
450,
6964,
471,
20603,
491,
263,
9892,
12621,
9088,
297,
278,
14064,
8527,
297,
607,
438,
15556,
1528,
466,
1171,
518,
28599,
29962,
1304,
2654,
301,
15092,
29882,
3076,
29889,
1763,
17152,
354,
278,
5716,
297,
2654,
3578,
29892,
306,
1304,
826,
374,
16572,
23684,
1379,
411,
678,
4193,
294,
29889,
13,
29931,
2827,
701,
263,
10322,
1550,
2706,
292,
278,
376,
1127,
8287,
8345,
29908,
9088,
29889,
13,
29908,
3596,
2820,
278,
639,
14772,
591,
1925,
17777,
583,
29892,
20629,
1535,
349,
1718,
508,
29879,
29892,
393,
591,
2869,
1074,
297,
3515,
1699,
540,
18172,
29889,
376,
4013,
6837,
310,
22843,
12141,
29879,
515,
278,
17777,
583,
322,
278,
2654,
25040,
3578,
515,
278,
301,
15092,
3897,
278,
3578,
292,
13705,
363,
1906,
20407,
29889,
306,
884,
1304,
1023,
9758,
4366,
29879,
304,
3578,
278,
7726,
414,
373,
19190,
322,
304,
696,
314,
2820,
278,
270,
4564,
414,
746,
278,
4696,
13582,
1213,
13,
29925,
374,
10896,
3291,
304,
263,
5665,
297,
278,
8287,
8345,
363,
607,
278,
805,
1862,
892,
10734,
5407,
29901,
746,
4976,
29915,
29879,
8750,
27281,
1927,
313,
11868,
24150,
29897,
270,
2925,
411,
22151,
29874,
29889,
27281,
1927,
756,
3595,
902,
4783,
505,
385,
17818,
344,
14983,
411,
25970,
4457,
1531,
22458,
289,
2209,
20679,
350,
1137,
284,
1789,
313,
29925,
267,
455,
29897,
322,
8072,
1855,
7093,
825,
902,
270,
328,
29915,
29879,
7123,
368,
11302,
756,
2309,
304,
1009,
9443,
29892,
408,
1532,
408,
304,
670,
313,
1333,
29899,
21936,
29899,
578,
29899,
2559,
542,
296,
29897,
6879,
9893,
29889,
13,
29908,
29925,
387,
1927,
1855,
7093,
393,
1438,
18239,
526,
7291,
310,
23393,
22151,
29874,
1699,
8289,
10896,
16612,
29889,
376,
6295,
306,
1304,
278,
9758,
4366,
2656,
310,
24706,
3241,
6017,
424,
1711,
1549,
278,
270,
4564,
414,
322,
278,
6131,
408,
385,
525,
735,
29883,
1509,
29915,
304,
12141,
3058,
19462,
29889,
2180,
697,
1298,
29892,
1550,
1183,
270,
2925,
411,
22151,
29874,
29892,
1183,
3430,
4822,
278,
5716,
322,
278,
9758,
4366,
5930,
304,
1209,
1492,
1549,
902,
29889,
450,
10656,
338,
373,
263,
8828,
368,
29892,
5902,
19914,
963,
29892,
322,
408,
1183,
12169,
29892,
372,
282,
550,
304,
1284,
350,
1137,
284,
1789,
322,
916,
1757,
1058,
526,
24081,
300,
411,
22151,
29874,
813,
925,
408,
278,
9758,
4366,
12141,
29879,
393
] | 2,621 | 4,096 | CommonCrawl | 12 | 5 |
moment on them."
Rehearsing a scene, to be captured digitally with the three-camera rig, that will ultimately feature Sheeran's daughter Peggy (Anna Paquin) and Hoffa sharing a final dance.
Regarding the character of Peggy, Prieto notes, "From the subjective perspective of the way Marty films, she actually reflects all of Sheeran's feelings and all that guilt he hides every time he sees her looking at him. It's us seeing him actually judging himself."
The cinematographer finds another telling moment in a scene with Sheeran as the sole passenger on a twin-engine small plane to be ferried to a gruesome task. As instructed by Bufalino, he has removed his sunglasses, and we study the brooding hit man from arm's length as the plane throttles up. "When we shot that close-up inside the airplane," Prieto recalls, "there's nothing going on, just him sitting in a plane and the plane starts to go. But I was operating, and I remember looking through the camera. De Niro didn't do anything. He didn't move. He didn't do an expression. But I remember immediately tearing up, feeling and seeing the depth of sorrow of this man as he realizes he is being forced to kill his friend.
"The way De Niro did that is just genius," Prieto continues, "I have no clue how he was able to project all that without doing anything. It's beautiful. There are so many moments like that in the film, seeing what these men do and not glorifying it at all. Marty is able to see them as human beings — human beings with struggles and issues and vulnerability. They're not just these killers who are all-powerful. They're scared, too."
Rodrigo Prieto, ASC, AMC
3-perf Super 35mm and Digital Capture
Arricam ST, LT; Red Helium; Arri Alexa Mini
Cooke Panchro Classic; Arri/Zeiss Ultra Prime; Angénieux Optimo 24-290mm; Zeiss 28-80mm and 70-200mm Compact Zoom
Kodak Vision3 250D 5207, 500T 5219
Evoking The Irishman's Eras
To provide, from the very beginning of production, the subtle visual cues that director Martin Scorsese desired for The Irishman's various historical periods, Harbor Picture Co. and Rodrigo Prieto, ASC, AMC undertook a much deeper process than is typical for the creation of LUTs and dailies — which yielded imagery from the outset that was very close to the movie's final look. AC spoke with Harbor's Matt Tomlinson, a color scientist and ASC associate, and colorists Yvan Lucas and Elodie Ichter, who also worked with Prieto on the final grade.
Matt Tomlinson: This kind of attention to detail [in the LUT-creation process], and the effort and time that was put into it, is something that's not all that common. The Kodachrome and Ektachrome LUTs we developed with Rodrigo are part of the storytelling, and Rodrigo made decisions as to their specific time periods, and how these time periods should be represented by each look, by these color palettes. There were multiple sessions where we created LUTs using test footage from Rodrigo. He came in with images — books with photographic references and distinct ideas of what he wanted certain aspects of the movie to look like. He would point to elements of specific images that he liked. For each one, we would take the imagery that he shot and introduce that look. Then Rodrigo would say, 'More of this, less of that,' and it was created on the fly [as a collaboration between] us. It was really a surgical creation, where minor shifts were going on in different areas of the gray scale on the hue palette. The work was done very specifically, based on Yvan, Elodie and Rodrigo's thought process in terms of what this movie should look like. There are actually about four LUTs total. Philippe Panzini of Codex was part of the creation process for the Kodachrome and Ektachrome looks; the ENR looks were based on work by Harbor; and the final creation was a combination of [all our efforts]. A Kodachrome | 1.279707 | 0.198919 | -0.208389 | 0.263124 | [
1.2358777384173674,
1.323536965873288
] | [
-0.11578435734336355,
0.5136215889870025
] | [
-0.5984949785128109,
0.1817161669210249
] | [
-0.08676059930128527,
0.6130080028587406
] | 1,024 | [
512,
512
] | [
3256,
373,
963,
1213,
13,
1123,
354,
1503,
292,
263,
9088,
29892,
304,
367,
15468,
13615,
635,
411,
278,
2211,
29899,
26065,
12912,
29892,
393,
674,
18973,
4682,
2296,
261,
273,
29915,
29879,
8750,
27281,
1927,
313,
2744,
1056,
2621,
24150,
29897,
322,
22151,
29874,
19383,
263,
2186,
17948,
29889,
13,
4597,
20272,
278,
2931,
310,
27281,
1927,
29892,
8289,
10896,
11486,
29892,
376,
4591,
278,
4967,
573,
18520,
310,
278,
982,
3760,
29891,
12298,
29892,
1183,
2869,
9432,
29879,
599,
310,
2296,
261,
273,
29915,
29879,
21737,
322,
599,
393,
1410,
2782,
540,
298,
2247,
1432,
931,
540,
18553,
902,
3063,
472,
1075,
29889,
739,
29915,
29879,
502,
8790,
1075,
2869,
6577,
3460,
3654,
1213,
13,
1576,
25955,
1946,
261,
14061,
1790,
14509,
3256,
297,
263,
9088,
411,
2296,
261,
273,
408,
278,
14419,
28507,
373,
263,
3252,
262,
29899,
10599,
2319,
10694,
304,
367,
6013,
1255,
304,
263,
4500,
14151,
3414,
29889,
1094,
18690,
287,
491,
350,
1137,
284,
1789,
29892,
540,
756,
6206,
670,
269,
686,
605,
267,
29892,
322,
591,
6559,
278,
2545,
3689,
7124,
767,
515,
5075,
29915,
29879,
3309,
408,
278,
10694,
20961,
698,
793,
701,
29889,
376,
10401,
591,
10322,
393,
3802,
29899,
786,
2768,
278,
4799,
22116,
1699,
8289,
10896,
1162,
4293,
29892,
376,
12711,
29915,
29879,
3078,
2675,
373,
29892,
925,
1075,
16246,
297,
263,
10694,
322,
278,
10694,
8665,
304,
748,
29889,
1205,
306,
471,
13598,
29892,
322,
306,
6456,
3063,
1549,
278,
10656,
29889,
897,
405,
3350,
3282,
29915,
29873,
437,
3099,
29889,
940,
3282,
29915,
29873,
4337,
29889,
940,
3282,
29915,
29873,
437,
385,
4603,
29889,
1205,
306,
6456,
7389,
734,
4362,
701,
29892,
11223,
322,
8790,
278,
10809,
310,
28543,
310,
445,
767,
408,
540,
1855,
7093,
540,
338,
1641,
11826,
304,
12088,
670,
5121,
29889,
13,
29908,
1576,
982,
897,
405,
3350,
1258,
393,
338,
925,
26858,
1699,
8289,
10896,
18172,
29892,
376,
29902,
505,
694,
23960,
920,
540,
471,
2221,
304,
2060,
599,
393,
1728,
2599,
3099,
29889,
739,
29915,
29879,
9560,
29889,
1670,
526,
577,
1784,
19462,
763,
393,
297,
278,
2706,
29892,
8790,
825,
1438,
1757,
437,
322,
451,
3144,
272,
9215,
372,
472,
599,
29889,
3760,
29891,
338,
2221,
304,
1074,
963,
408,
5199,
367,
886,
813,
5199,
367,
886,
411,
10205,
793,
322,
5626,
322,
23180,
3097,
29889,
2688,
29915,
276,
451,
925,
1438,
12088,
414,
1058,
526,
599,
29899,
13519,
1319,
29889,
2688,
29915,
276,
885,
1965,
29892,
2086,
1213,
13,
29934,
397,
29878,
5973,
8289,
10896,
29892,
18188,
29892,
319,
12513,
13,
29941,
29899,
546,
29888,
5670,
29871,
29941,
29945,
4317,
322,
15918,
8868,
545,
13,
1433,
2200,
314,
6850,
29892,
365,
29911,
29936,
4367,
6162,
1974,
29936,
826,
374,
4827,
29874,
341,
2172,
13,
29907,
3634,
446,
6518,
305,
307,
24300,
29936,
826,
374,
29914,
24625,
790,
18514,
336,
15512,
29936,
3218,
1690,
13805,
20693,
4200,
29871,
29906,
29946,
29899,
29906,
29929,
29900,
4317,
29936,
3091,
790,
29871,
29906,
29947,
29899,
29947,
29900,
4317,
322,
29871,
29955,
29900,
29899,
29906,
29900,
29900,
4317,
3831,
627,
17421,
290,
13,
29968,
397,
557,
478,
2459,
29941,
29871,
29906,
29945,
29900,
29928,
29871,
29945,
29906,
29900,
29955,
29892,
29871,
29945,
29900,
29900,
29911,
29871,
29945,
29906,
29896,
29929,
13,
29923,
29894,
17223,
450,
12601,
1171,
29915,
29879,
1425,
294,
13,
1762,
3867,
29892,
515,
278,
1407,
6763,
310,
5802,
29892,
278,
12059,
280,
7604,
274,
1041,
393,
8881,
6502,
2522,
943,
968,
7429,
363,
450,
12601,
1171,
29915,
29879,
5164,
15839,
23704,
29892,
3536,
4089,
28908,
3189,
29889,
322,
7733,
29878,
5973,
8289,
10896,
29892,
18188,
29892,
319,
12513,
1090,
517,
554,
263,
1568,
25871,
1889,
1135,
338,
15662,
363,
278,
11265,
310,
365,
2692,
29879,
322,
270,
737,
583,
813,
607,
7709,
287,
6382,
708,
515,
278,
714,
842,
393,
471,
1407,
3802,
304,
278,
14064,
29915,
29879,
2186,
1106,
29889,
14614,
12707,
411,
3536,
4089,
29915,
29879,
9811,
4335,
1915,
1100,
29892,
263,
2927,
9638,
391,
322,
18188,
25836,
29892,
322,
2927,
2879,
612,
3703,
24243,
322,
1260,
397,
347,
306,
8255,
29892,
1058,
884,
3796,
411,
8289,
10896,
373,
278,
2186,
19468,
29889,
13,
29924,
1131,
4335,
1915,
1100,
29901,
910,
2924,
310,
8570,
304,
9493,
518,
262,
278,
365,
2692,
29899,
1037,
362,
1889,
1402,
322,
278,
7225,
322,
931,
393,
471,
1925,
964,
372,
29892,
338,
1554,
393,
29915,
29879,
451,
599,
393,
3619,
29889,
450,
476,
397,
496,
4871,
322,
382,
1193,
496,
4871,
365,
2692,
29879,
591,
8906,
411,
7733,
29878,
5973,
526,
760,
310,
278,
5828,
29873,
7807,
29892,
322,
7733,
29878,
5973,
1754,
1602,
12112,
408,
304,
1009,
2702,
931,
23704,
29892,
322,
920,
1438,
931,
23704,
881,
367,
9875,
491,
1269,
1106,
29892,
491,
1438,
2927,
15509,
698,
267,
29889,
1670,
892,
2999,
21396,
988,
591,
2825,
365,
2692,
29879,
773,
1243,
3661,
482,
515,
7733,
29878,
5973,
29889,
940,
2996,
297,
411,
4558,
813,
8277,
411,
6731,
12122,
9282,
322,
8359,
7014,
310,
825,
540,
5131,
3058,
21420,
310,
278,
14064,
304,
1106,
763,
29889,
940,
723,
1298,
304,
3161,
310,
2702,
4558,
393,
540,
23289,
29889,
1152,
1269,
697,
29892,
591,
723,
2125,
278,
6382,
708,
393,
540,
10322,
322,
14944,
393,
1106,
29889,
1987,
7733,
29878,
5973,
723,
1827,
29892,
525,
20761,
310,
445,
29892,
3109,
310,
393,
5501,
322,
372,
471,
2825,
373,
278,
11340,
518,
294,
263,
24771,
1546,
29962,
502,
29889,
739,
471,
2289,
263,
25300,
936,
11265,
29892,
988,
9461,
528,
17741,
892,
2675,
373,
297,
1422,
10161,
310,
278,
16749,
6287,
373,
278,
298,
434,
282,
26456,
29889,
450,
664,
471,
2309,
1407,
10816,
29892,
2729,
373,
612,
3703,
29892,
1260,
397,
347,
322,
7733,
29878,
5973,
29915,
29879,
2714,
1889,
297,
4958,
310,
825,
445,
14064,
881,
1106,
763,
29889,
1670,
526,
2869,
1048,
3023,
365,
2692,
29879,
3001,
29889,
18442,
349,
4096,
2172,
310,
5920,
29916,
471,
760,
310,
278,
11265,
1889,
363,
278,
476,
397,
496,
4871,
322,
382,
1193,
496,
4871,
3430,
29936,
278,
12524,
29934,
3430,
892,
2729,
373,
664,
491,
3536,
4089,
29936,
322,
278,
2186,
11265,
471,
263,
10296,
310,
518,
497,
1749,
14231,
1822,
319,
476,
397,
496,
4871
] | 2,621 | 5,120 | CommonCrawl | 16 | 20 |
look was used for the '50s, Ektachrome for the '60s, light ENR for the early '70s, and heavier ENR after Hoffa's death.
Yvan Lucas: Via the ENR process, there's more contrast and less saturation. It's a process we use in the lab. I was a color timer for 20 years before I moved to digital, and this is how we did it at that time for [films like] Seven and Delicatessen. When you see the print, the blacks look much deeper; you see details in the blacks and the faces, and the colors [in general] are desaturated.
Elodie Ichter: [Rodrigo] has a history of doing this kind of thing with us. There are a few DPs in the world who really want the dailies to be very close to the final look. [ASC members] Rodrigo, Chivo [Lubezki] or [Roger] Deakins, for example, really want to have the final look in the dailies — so it's really important to work on that [for them].
Tomlinson: When we're working on a movie, it's our movie, too. We consider ourselves artists; we're [craftspeople, and we] embrace that. [We put] our soul into it, and it really is about the collaboration and creating something that is unique. The Irishman is a great example. The film-derived footage was the hero for the show. After rigorous testing that matched the pipeline of how the film and digital material would be handled during the shoot and beyond, Harbor was able to create transforms so the digital would match the film.
Rodrigo Prieto shooting the Mini-Golf scene.
Collaborator Spotlight:
Gaffer Bill O'Leary
American Cinematographer: When did you first become interested in filmmaking, and, ultimately, lighting?
Bill O'Leary: In college I took a still-photography class and a film-production class as a lark, and I really enjoyed them — so I ended up majoring in film.
Is there an early experience of learning the craft that can be related directly to what you do now?
Early in my career, in 1985, I met and worked with Roger Deakins [ASC, BSC] — who greatly influenced me — on Sid and Nancy. We had both worked in documentaries, so we had a common working methodology, and we both tend to be naturalists in [terms of] our lighting style.
The Irishman is your fourth project with Rodrigo Prieto, ASC, AMC, following Wall Street: Money Never Sleeps, The Wolf of Wall Street and the Vinyl pilot. Rodrigo thinks very highly of your work, and says you're a great partner.
Kind words from Rodrigo. We spoke years ago about Brokeback Mountain, but it didn't work out.
Did the logistical challenges of The Irishman — with its lengthy script, running time and visual-effects arrangements — make you hesitant to take the gig?
I've done jobs of comparable length, and certainly under arduous conditions, but these factors don't usually influence my decision.
There are a lot of dark laughs in this film — a signature of Scorsese's work — and one that paid off well was the tossing of Frank's murder weapons into the river.
I think the idea of the gun-tossing was the repetition of it, and then the underwater payoff of dozens of guns. This 'underwater' shot was done on stage against a black backing, with two Rosco X24 X-Effects Projectors providing the rippling effect.
Rodrigo — a bit tongue-in-cheek — compared you to Sheeran in the sense that you prepare meticulously, take on the various challenges, and execute the tasks with a minimum of fuss and bother. Has this always been your working style?
I do believe in being well-prepped — it allows a certain freedom once one arrives on set. I also believe we sometimes overcomplicate the task at hand. There's a James Wong Howe [ASC] quote where he speaks about how, over the years, he simplified his lighting. So yes, a minimum of fuss and bother, like Sheeran. Why use a .38 when a .22 will do?
1st AD David Webb
American Cinematographer: We understand | 1.164655 | 0.554806 | 0.242586 | 0.254019 | [
0.8961982320256748,
1.433111000193189
] | [
0.6031530180524884,
0.5064590746617637
] | [
0.5824422489317395,
-0.09727034587124471
] | [
0.2956408301318887,
0.2123969815477964
] | 1,024 | [
512,
512
] | [
1106,
471,
1304,
363,
278,
525,
29945,
29900,
29879,
29892,
382,
1193,
496,
4871,
363,
278,
525,
29953,
29900,
29879,
29892,
3578,
12524,
29934,
363,
278,
4688,
525,
29955,
29900,
29879,
29892,
322,
14200,
631,
12524,
29934,
1156,
22151,
29874,
29915,
29879,
4892,
29889,
13,
29979,
3703,
24243,
29901,
23306,
278,
12524,
29934,
1889,
29892,
727,
29915,
29879,
901,
12814,
322,
3109,
269,
1337,
362,
29889,
739,
29915,
29879,
263,
1889,
591,
671,
297,
278,
9775,
29889,
306,
471,
263,
2927,
12237,
363,
29871,
29906,
29900,
2440,
1434,
306,
6153,
304,
13436,
29892,
322,
445,
338,
920,
591,
1258,
372,
472,
393,
931,
363,
518,
1777,
1516,
763,
29962,
26647,
322,
5556,
293,
271,
9957,
29889,
1932,
366,
1074,
278,
1596,
29892,
278,
4628,
29879,
1106,
1568,
25871,
29936,
366,
1074,
4902,
297,
278,
4628,
29879,
322,
278,
17240,
29892,
322,
278,
11955,
518,
262,
2498,
29962,
526,
553,
1337,
630,
29889,
13,
6489,
397,
347,
306,
8255,
29901,
518,
29934,
397,
29878,
5973,
29962,
756,
263,
4955,
310,
2599,
445,
2924,
310,
2655,
411,
502,
29889,
1670,
526,
263,
2846,
360,
29925,
29879,
297,
278,
3186,
1058,
2289,
864,
278,
270,
737,
583,
304,
367,
1407,
3802,
304,
278,
2186,
1106,
29889,
518,
28599,
5144,
29962,
7733,
29878,
5973,
29892,
678,
4243,
518,
29931,
4003,
29920,
1984,
29962,
470,
518,
29934,
468,
261,
29962,
897,
557,
1144,
29892,
363,
1342,
29892,
2289,
864,
304,
505,
278,
2186,
1106,
297,
278,
270,
737,
583,
813,
577,
372,
29915,
29879,
2289,
4100,
304,
664,
373,
393,
518,
1454,
963,
1822,
13,
21599,
1915,
1100,
29901,
1932,
591,
29915,
276,
1985,
373,
263,
14064,
29892,
372,
29915,
29879,
1749,
14064,
29892,
2086,
29889,
1334,
2050,
20278,
17906,
29936,
591,
29915,
276,
518,
17293,
5965,
1991,
29892,
322,
591,
29962,
953,
13842,
393,
29889,
518,
4806,
1925,
29962,
1749,
10752,
964,
372,
29892,
322,
372,
2289,
338,
1048,
278,
24771,
322,
4969,
1554,
393,
338,
5412,
29889,
450,
12601,
1171,
338,
263,
2107,
1342,
29889,
450,
2706,
29899,
672,
2347,
3661,
482,
471,
278,
13444,
363,
278,
1510,
29889,
2860,
12912,
20657,
6724,
393,
19228,
278,
16439,
310,
920,
278,
2706,
322,
13436,
5518,
723,
367,
16459,
2645,
278,
15049,
322,
8724,
29892,
3536,
4089,
471,
2221,
304,
1653,
4327,
29879,
577,
278,
13436,
723,
1993,
278,
2706,
29889,
13,
29934,
397,
29878,
5973,
8289,
10896,
27904,
278,
341,
2172,
29899,
29954,
4369,
9088,
29889,
13,
28377,
3717,
1061,
1706,
327,
4366,
29901,
13,
29954,
2142,
571,
6682,
438,
29915,
3226,
653,
13,
14689,
11972,
4579,
1946,
261,
29901,
1932,
1258,
366,
937,
4953,
8852,
297,
2706,
28990,
29892,
322,
29892,
18973,
29892,
3578,
292,
29973,
13,
29933,
453,
438,
29915,
3226,
653,
29901,
512,
12755,
306,
3614,
263,
1603,
29899,
561,
327,
5275,
770,
322,
263,
2706,
29899,
24601,
770,
408,
263,
301,
935,
29892,
322,
306,
2289,
27849,
963,
813,
577,
306,
9698,
701,
4655,
292,
297,
2706,
29889,
13,
3624,
727,
385,
4688,
7271,
310,
6509,
278,
25554,
393,
508,
367,
4475,
4153,
304,
825,
366,
437,
1286,
29973,
13,
29923,
279,
368,
297,
590,
6413,
29892,
297,
29871,
29896,
29929,
29947,
29945,
29892,
306,
1539,
322,
3796,
411,
14159,
897,
557,
1144,
518,
28599,
29892,
350,
7187,
29962,
813,
1058,
11180,
28482,
592,
813,
373,
19732,
322,
24190,
29889,
1334,
750,
1716,
3796,
297,
1842,
4314,
29892,
577,
591,
750,
263,
3619,
1985,
1158,
3002,
29892,
322,
591,
1716,
10331,
304,
367,
5613,
2879,
297,
518,
357,
1516,
310,
29962,
1749,
3578,
292,
3114,
29889,
13,
1576,
12601,
1171,
338,
596,
11582,
2060,
411,
7733,
29878,
5973,
8289,
10896,
29892,
18188,
29892,
319,
12513,
29892,
1494,
14406,
7103,
29901,
341,
4992,
12391,
317,
280,
8961,
29892,
450,
10441,
310,
14406,
7103,
322,
278,
12540,
2904,
19840,
29889,
7733,
29878,
5973,
22405,
1407,
10712,
310,
596,
664,
29892,
322,
4083,
366,
29915,
276,
263,
2107,
18096,
29889,
13,
11885,
3838,
515,
7733,
29878,
5973,
29889,
1334,
12707,
2440,
8020,
1048,
4358,
446,
1627,
18204,
29892,
541,
372,
3282,
29915,
29873,
664,
714,
29889,
13,
9260,
278,
1480,
391,
936,
18066,
267,
310,
450,
12601,
1171,
813,
411,
967,
3309,
29891,
2471,
29892,
2734,
931,
322,
7604,
29899,
15987,
29879,
15196,
4110,
813,
1207,
366,
19066,
277,
424,
304,
2125,
278,
19340,
29973,
13,
29902,
29915,
345,
2309,
17643,
310,
5734,
519,
3309,
29892,
322,
8959,
1090,
564,
700,
681,
5855,
29892,
541,
1438,
13879,
1016,
29915,
29873,
5491,
9949,
590,
10608,
29889,
13,
8439,
526,
263,
3287,
310,
6501,
10569,
29879,
297,
445,
2706,
813,
263,
12608,
310,
2522,
943,
968,
29915,
29879,
664,
813,
322,
697,
393,
12530,
1283,
1532,
471,
278,
28189,
292,
310,
4976,
29915,
29879,
13406,
25340,
964,
278,
8580,
29889,
13,
29902,
1348,
278,
2969,
310,
278,
13736,
29899,
29873,
2209,
292,
471,
278,
21159,
654,
310,
372,
29892,
322,
769,
278,
1090,
13405,
5146,
2696,
310,
437,
29920,
575,
310,
18788,
29889,
910,
525,
5062,
13405,
29915,
10322,
471,
2309,
373,
7408,
2750,
263,
4628,
27436,
29892,
411,
1023,
5678,
1111,
1060,
29906,
29946,
1060,
29899,
13971,
29879,
8010,
943,
13138,
278,
364,
8377,
1847,
2779,
29889,
13,
29934,
397,
29878,
5973,
813,
263,
2586,
26820,
29899,
262,
29899,
1173,
1416,
813,
9401,
366,
304,
2296,
261,
273,
297,
278,
4060,
393,
366,
19012,
1539,
12906,
5794,
29892,
2125,
373,
278,
5164,
18066,
267,
29892,
322,
6222,
278,
9595,
411,
263,
9212,
310,
285,
1558,
322,
24738,
29889,
11699,
445,
2337,
1063,
596,
1985,
3114,
29973,
13,
29902,
437,
4658,
297,
1641,
1532,
29899,
1457,
2986,
813,
372,
6511,
263,
3058,
16082,
2748,
697,
6974,
267,
373,
731,
29889,
306,
884,
4658,
591,
6041,
975,
2388,
5926,
278,
3414,
472,
1361,
29889,
1670,
29915,
29879,
263,
5011,
399,
549,
1128,
29872,
518,
28599,
29962,
14978,
988,
540,
7726,
29879,
1048,
920,
29892,
975,
278,
2440,
29892,
540,
20875,
670,
3578,
292,
29889,
1105,
4874,
29892,
263,
9212,
310,
285,
1558,
322,
24738,
29892,
763,
2296,
261,
273,
29889,
3750,
671,
263,
869,
29941,
29947,
746,
263,
869,
29906,
29906,
674,
437,
29973,
13,
29896,
303,
11033,
4699,
2563,
29890,
13,
14689,
11972,
4579,
1946,
261,
29901,
1334,
2274
] | 2,621 | 6,144 | CommonCrawl | 16 | 20 |
that the shot-listing process on a Scorsese production is lengthier and more intensive than on almost any other show.
David Webb: A great part of the collaboration, which seems to me is unique to working with Marty, is that he, Rodrigo [Prieto, ASC, AMC] and I sit for three weeks, for four hours a day – we will start the process again soon in Oklahoma for Killers of the Flower Moon — and he goes through every scene, every line of the script, every word. Marty and Rodrigo come up with a shot list for the whole shoot. We call that the 'annotated script.' Marty basically outlines his vision and gives us the blueprint for how he wants to shoot the film. We do it on all his films, and it is one of Rodrigo's and my favorite parts of the process. It is efficient because we are then able to transfer those ideas to all the departmental keys. Furthermore, during the shooting period, every night at wrap, we meet in the trailer — Marty, Rodrigo, [producer] Emma Koskoff and me. The four of us get out the script and art-department plans for the next day's shoot and review the preconceived plan. Marty says, 'Here are the shots. This is how we will start the day.' This allows Rodrigo and me to arrive early in the morning and set up the shot. Marty's sure-handedness and clarity of vision allow us to have a specific plan and enable us to attack the day with precise efficiency. There's a stateliness and a moodiness to The Irishman that sets it apart, and helps ensure that the technical accomplishments of de-aging remain a means to an end, rather than a centerpiece. If you look at all of Marty's films, each has its own mood. For a lot of Irishman, the technical aspect is solved by just living and breathing through the script, through what the story is, defining what the film looks like. He loves moving the camera, but there are also moments when he loves for the camera to just be kind of a collector of emotion.
"I must say that the background casting in this film, the actual people [assembled], was the best I've seen in my career. The people [casting associate Jennifer] Sabel provided for all the Hoffa rallies, and especially the Tony Pro rally — it would've been impossible for us to not execute that scene with the people she provided — helped create an energy that was amazing.
How did you approach the large crowd scenes in The Irishman?
An AD's job is to help execute the director's vision, and that means making sure everything is organized and focused and that everyone is engaged, including the background performers. Marty has an incredible attention to detail and is very exacting. It has to be just right, and real, for him to be satisfied. For the Frank Sheeran Appreciation Night, we had a big crowd, including the dancers and the band, and we spent a lot of time casting the background and choreographing the various elements so that the feel was just right. I must say that the background casting in this film, the actual people [assembled], was the best I've seen in my career. The people [casting associate Jennifer] Sabel provided for all the Hoffa rallies, and especially the Tony Pro rally — it would've been impossible for us to not execute that scene with the people she provided — helped create an energy that was amazing. Marty was super-pleased that it all felt so authentic. That is of utmost importance to him: authenticity. Marty has an excellent research department, run by Marianne Bower, who I also worked with on Silence, and we all put a lot of effort into all the scenes. We also had a great team among my AD staff — Jeremy Marks, Trevor Tavares and Ryan Howard — and all the PAs, hair, makeup and, of course, the wardrobe department. Marty's crew is full of dedicated filmmakers who love the process, and Marty demands excellence. He brings out the best in everybody because everyone is passionate about not only the material, but also his obviously important legacy. He arms you to be great, even though you literally go gray making his films. The process is incredibly demanding, and not just because of the demands he puts on you, because he [does] everything with positive energy, but because the crew collectively does not want to 'mess up the master's work!' I will always be honored to be | 1.553642 | 0.35336 | 0.412514 | 0.295641 | [
1.6741738756969708,
1.433111000193189
] | [
0.6891031899553549,
0.01761747196421048
] | [
0.6737469258455732,
0.15128127461641366
] | [
0.602602521785729,
-0.011320861521951628
] | 1,024 | [
512,
512
] | [
393,
278,
10322,
29899,
1761,
292,
1889,
373,
263,
2522,
943,
968,
5802,
338,
3309,
631,
322,
901,
938,
6270,
1135,
373,
4359,
738,
916,
1510,
29889,
13,
19504,
2563,
29890,
29901,
319,
2107,
760,
310,
278,
24771,
29892,
607,
2444,
304,
592,
338,
5412,
304,
1985,
411,
3760,
29891,
29892,
338,
393,
540,
29892,
7733,
29878,
5973,
518,
29925,
374,
10896,
29892,
18188,
29892,
319,
12513,
29962,
322,
306,
7845,
363,
2211,
11405,
29892,
363,
3023,
6199,
263,
2462,
785,
591,
674,
1369,
278,
1889,
1449,
4720,
297,
27879,
363,
29021,
414,
310,
278,
383,
13609,
17549,
813,
322,
540,
5771,
1549,
1432,
9088,
29892,
1432,
1196,
310,
278,
2471,
29892,
1432,
1734,
29889,
3760,
29891,
322,
7733,
29878,
5973,
2041,
701,
411,
263,
10322,
1051,
363,
278,
3353,
15049,
29889,
1334,
1246,
393,
278,
525,
6735,
630,
2471,
6169,
3760,
29891,
8830,
714,
9012,
670,
18551,
322,
4076,
502,
278,
7254,
2158,
363,
920,
540,
10753,
304,
15049,
278,
2706,
29889,
1334,
437,
372,
373,
599,
670,
12298,
29892,
322,
372,
338,
697,
310,
7733,
29878,
5973,
29915,
29879,
322,
590,
25448,
5633,
310,
278,
1889,
29889,
739,
338,
8543,
1363,
591,
526,
769,
2221,
304,
6782,
1906,
7014,
304,
599,
278,
14311,
284,
6611,
29889,
16478,
29892,
2645,
278,
27904,
3785,
29892,
1432,
4646,
472,
12244,
29892,
591,
5870,
297,
278,
1020,
3955,
813,
3760,
29891,
29892,
7733,
29878,
5973,
29892,
518,
5498,
2265,
29962,
26422,
17457,
29895,
2696,
322,
592,
29889,
450,
3023,
310,
502,
679,
714,
278,
2471,
322,
1616,
29899,
311,
8076,
13900,
363,
278,
2446,
2462,
29915,
29879,
15049,
322,
9076,
278,
758,
535,
346,
2347,
3814,
29889,
3760,
29891,
4083,
29892,
525,
10605,
526,
278,
528,
1862,
29889,
910,
338,
920,
591,
674,
1369,
278,
2462,
6169,
910,
6511,
7733,
29878,
5973,
322,
592,
304,
18331,
4688,
297,
278,
7250,
322,
731,
701,
278,
10322,
29889,
3760,
29891,
29915,
29879,
1854,
29899,
3179,
287,
2264,
322,
7542,
537,
310,
18551,
2758,
502,
304,
505,
263,
2702,
3814,
322,
9025,
502,
304,
5337,
278,
2462,
411,
18378,
19201,
29889,
1670,
29915,
29879,
263,
1002,
295,
3335,
322,
263,
286,
2092,
3335,
304,
450,
12601,
1171,
393,
6166,
372,
12435,
29892,
322,
6911,
9801,
393,
278,
16905,
12709,
1860,
310,
316,
29899,
6751,
3933,
263,
2794,
304,
385,
1095,
29892,
3265,
1135,
263,
4818,
12343,
346,
29889,
960,
366,
1106,
472,
599,
310,
3760,
29891,
29915,
29879,
12298,
29892,
1269,
756,
967,
1914,
286,
2092,
29889,
1152,
263,
3287,
310,
12601,
1171,
29892,
278,
16905,
9565,
338,
7484,
491,
925,
8471,
322,
16172,
292,
1549,
278,
2471,
29892,
1549,
825,
278,
5828,
338,
29892,
16184,
825,
278,
2706,
3430,
763,
29889,
940,
12355,
267,
8401,
278,
10656,
29892,
541,
727,
526,
884,
19462,
746,
540,
12355,
267,
363,
278,
10656,
304,
925,
367,
2924,
310,
263,
6314,
272,
310,
953,
8194,
29889,
13,
29908,
29902,
1818,
1827,
393,
278,
3239,
23013,
297,
445,
2706,
29892,
278,
3935,
2305,
518,
465,
6967,
29881,
1402,
471,
278,
1900,
306,
29915,
345,
3595,
297,
590,
6413,
29889,
450,
2305,
518,
4384,
292,
25836,
23774,
9633,
29962,
317,
1107,
4944,
363,
599,
278,
22151,
29874,
364,
284,
3687,
29892,
322,
7148,
278,
15293,
1019,
364,
635,
813,
372,
723,
29915,
345,
1063,
9301,
363,
502,
304,
451,
6222,
393,
9088,
411,
278,
2305,
1183,
4944,
813,
9213,
1653,
385,
5864,
393,
471,
21863,
292,
29889,
13,
5328,
1258,
366,
2948,
278,
2919,
19174,
20407,
297,
450,
12601,
1171,
29973,
13,
2744,
11033,
29915,
29879,
4982,
338,
304,
1371,
6222,
278,
8881,
29915,
29879,
18551,
29892,
322,
393,
2794,
3907,
1854,
4129,
338,
19098,
322,
21309,
322,
393,
14332,
338,
17785,
29892,
3704,
278,
3239,
2189,
414,
29889,
3760,
29891,
756,
385,
29811,
1821,
8570,
304,
9493,
322,
338,
1407,
2684,
292,
29889,
739,
756,
304,
367,
925,
1492,
29892,
322,
1855,
29892,
363,
1075,
304,
367,
15787,
29889,
1152,
278,
4976,
2296,
261,
273,
2401,
4361,
362,
11554,
29892,
591,
750,
263,
4802,
19174,
29892,
3704,
278,
270,
4564,
414,
322,
278,
3719,
29892,
322,
591,
10398,
263,
3287,
310,
931,
23013,
278,
3239,
322,
521,
487,
1946,
292,
278,
5164,
3161,
577,
393,
278,
4459,
471,
925,
1492,
29889,
306,
1818,
1827,
393,
278,
3239,
23013,
297,
445,
2706,
29892,
278,
3935,
2305,
518,
465,
6967,
29881,
1402,
471,
278,
1900,
306,
29915,
345,
3595,
297,
590,
6413,
29889,
450,
2305,
518,
4384,
292,
25836,
23774,
9633,
29962,
317,
1107,
4944,
363,
599,
278,
22151,
29874,
364,
284,
3687,
29892,
322,
7148,
278,
15293,
1019,
364,
635,
813,
372,
723,
29915,
345,
1063,
9301,
363,
502,
304,
451,
6222,
393,
9088,
411,
278,
2305,
1183,
4944,
813,
9213,
1653,
385,
5864,
393,
471,
21863,
292,
29889,
3760,
29891,
471,
2428,
29899,
552,
1463,
393,
372,
599,
7091,
577,
15585,
29889,
2193,
338,
310,
3477,
3242,
13500,
304,
1075,
29901,
15585,
537,
29889,
3760,
29891,
756,
385,
15129,
5925,
14311,
29892,
1065,
491,
24236,
484,
350,
1680,
29892,
1058,
306,
884,
3796,
411,
373,
5664,
663,
29892,
322,
591,
599,
1925,
263,
3287,
310,
7225,
964,
599,
278,
20407,
29889,
1334,
884,
750,
263,
2107,
3815,
4249,
590,
11033,
13925,
813,
5677,
6764,
4485,
29879,
29892,
6479,
5267,
323,
485,
5114,
322,
20916,
17430,
813,
322,
599,
278,
349,
2887,
29892,
11315,
29892,
1207,
786,
322,
29892,
310,
3236,
29892,
278,
281,
538,
307,
915,
14311,
29889,
3760,
29891,
29915,
29879,
17616,
338,
2989,
310,
16955,
2706,
29885,
21079,
1058,
5360,
278,
1889,
29892,
322,
3760,
29891,
1261,
4167,
12567,
663,
29889,
940,
23522,
714,
278,
1900,
297,
26077,
1363,
14332,
338,
15935,
403,
1048,
451,
871,
278,
5518,
29892,
541,
884,
670,
12879,
4100,
25000,
29889,
940,
10188,
366,
304,
367,
2107,
29892,
1584,
2466,
366,
22830,
748,
16749,
3907,
670,
12298,
29889,
450,
1889,
338,
29811,
14981,
9667,
292,
29892,
322,
451,
925,
1363,
310,
278,
1261,
4167,
540,
15223,
373,
366,
29892,
1363,
540,
518,
13221,
29962,
4129,
411,
6374,
5864,
29892,
541,
1363,
278,
17616,
6314,
3598,
947,
451,
864,
304,
525,
12062,
701,
278,
5835,
29915,
29879,
664,
20714,
306,
674,
2337,
367,
4207,
4395,
304,
367
] | 2,621 | 7,168 | CommonCrawl | 16 | 20 |
Author: TransLink Staff
Articles Posted by TransLink Staff
The Patio Series feat. Downtown Vancouver's Patio District
TransLink and HUB have teamed up to highlight patios across Metro Vancouver for the next few weeks. In the first of our Patio Series, we're…
By TransLink Staff
92 per cent of TransLink customers now wearing masks
Spot checks show high compliance following the implementation of TransLink's mandatory mask policy TransLink is thanking customers for complying…
Public asked to have their say on Burnaby Mountain Gondola
TransLink is asking the public for their opinion on the proposed Burnaby Mountain Gondola and the three potential routes the project could take. A…
5 Metro Vancouver Regional Parks to explore this summer by transit
Metro Vancouver is consistently ranked as one of the most liveable cities in the world and a large part of why is our expansive access to green…
TransLink implementing mandatory face covering policy
Transit riders will be required to wear non-medical masks or face coverings Beginning Monday, August 24, TransLink will require customers to wear…
TransLink highlights opportunities to speed up Metro Vancouver buses
More than 25 quick changes could save customers time and improve regional transit TransLink is releasing its assessment of near-term opportunities…
TransLink completes Nanaimo Exchange renovations
https://youtu.be/bXAq9HiasiQ Customers returning to transit can now make full use of the revamped Nanaimo Exchange. The refurbished bus exchange now…
TransLink welcomes aboard Guide and Service Dogs-in-Training
TransLink's opening the doors to the Vancouver Transit Centre bus depot to dozens of Guide and Service Dogs-in-Training. The new recruits will be…
New planning tool simplifies regional truck navigation
Truck Route Planner to optimize travel patterns for Metro Vancouver truck operators TransLink and the Government of British Columbia are releasing…
TransLink completes Granville Station upgrades
Longest escalators in Metro Vancouver replaced as part of station overhaul The newly upgraded Granville…
Bus operator wrangles geese away from busy intersection in Vancouver
Photo: Mathew Bond If you'd told bus operator Kelly Podlubny he'd be escorting a gaggle of geese across the busy intersection of Main and Terminal…
SeaBus service increasing to meet growing demand
Sailings to occur every 15-minutes during peak hours Beginning Monday, weekday SeaBus departures will occur every 15 minutes between 7:00 and 9:30…
TransLink completes Bike Parkade Expansion Project
The Bike Parkade at Maple Meadows Station opens on June 26, marking the completion of the expansion project. The Maple Meadows Bike Parkade opens to…
This is your guide to celebrating National Indigenous Peoples Day on June 21
On June 21, it's National Indigenous Peoples Day – a day recognizing and celebrating the cultures and…
TransLink inviting new ideas for transit recovery
TransLink is calling for new ideas to make public transit even safer and cleaner as people return to using the system. TransLink's 2020 Open Call…
Categories Select Category Big Ideas Explained Explore History Our Stories What's News
Archives Select Month January 2023 December 2022 November 2022 October 2022 September 2022 August 2022 July 2022 June 2022 May 2022 April 2022 March 2022 February 2022 January 2022 December 2021 November 2021 October 2021 September 2021 August 2021 July 2021 June 2021 May 2021 April 2021 March 2021 February 2021 January 2021 December 2020 November 2020 October 2020 September 2020 August 2020 July 2020 June 2020 May 2020 April 2020 March 2020 February 2020 January 2020 December 2019 November 2 | -0.684407 | -0.664388 | -0.510678 | -2.009173 | [
-0.6323595467369417,
-0.7364548793408475
] | [
-0.28813235829442396,
-1.0406440195898332
] | [
-0.34201760482082666,
-0.6793376611969345
] | [
-1.868699233054511,
-2.1496472220258225
] | 1,024 | [
512,
512
] | [
13361,
29901,
4103,
6595,
15351,
13,
9986,
4027,
4918,
287,
491,
4103,
6595,
15351,
13,
1576,
4121,
601,
10488,
1238,
271,
29889,
26028,
593,
776,
478,
29711,
29915,
29879,
4121,
601,
7457,
13,
4300,
6595,
322,
379,
7466,
505,
734,
2795,
701,
304,
12141,
282,
2219,
359,
4822,
23803,
478,
29711,
363,
278,
2446,
2846,
11405,
29889,
512,
278,
937,
310,
1749,
4121,
601,
10488,
29892,
591,
29915,
276,
30098,
13,
2059,
4103,
6595,
15351,
13,
29929,
29906,
639,
1644,
310,
4103,
6595,
20330,
1286,
591,
4362,
11105,
29879,
13,
5592,
327,
12747,
1510,
1880,
752,
13036,
1494,
278,
5314,
310,
4103,
6595,
29915,
29879,
9619,
7606,
11105,
8898,
4103,
6595,
338,
6452,
292,
20330,
363,
752,
5890,
30098,
13,
19858,
4433,
304,
505,
1009,
1827,
373,
16640,
10798,
18204,
402,
898,
2963,
13,
4300,
6595,
338,
6721,
278,
970,
363,
1009,
9426,
373,
278,
7972,
16640,
10798,
18204,
402,
898,
2963,
322,
278,
2211,
7037,
12049,
278,
2060,
1033,
2125,
29889,
319,
30098,
13,
29945,
23803,
478,
29711,
16208,
4815,
29879,
304,
26987,
445,
11801,
491,
1301,
277,
13,
10095,
307,
478,
29711,
338,
5718,
2705,
26642,
408,
697,
310,
278,
1556,
5735,
519,
14368,
297,
278,
3186,
322,
263,
2919,
760,
310,
2020,
338,
1749,
1518,
550,
573,
2130,
304,
7933,
30098,
13,
4300,
6595,
16049,
9619,
7606,
3700,
21653,
8898,
13,
4300,
277,
8177,
414,
674,
367,
3734,
304,
19531,
1661,
29899,
2168,
936,
11105,
29879,
470,
3700,
4612,
886,
14893,
1076,
27822,
29892,
3111,
29871,
29906,
29946,
29892,
4103,
6595,
674,
1996,
20330,
304,
19531,
30098,
13,
4300,
6595,
12141,
29879,
28602,
1907,
304,
6210,
701,
23803,
478,
29711,
3593,
267,
13,
20761,
1135,
29871,
29906,
29945,
4996,
3620,
1033,
4078,
20330,
931,
322,
11157,
14014,
1301,
277,
4103,
6595,
338,
337,
280,
5832,
967,
24809,
358,
310,
2978,
29899,
8489,
28602,
1907,
30098,
13,
4300,
6595,
1614,
2167,
405,
1648,
4200,
24004,
25615,
800,
13,
991,
597,
29891,
449,
29884,
29889,
915,
29914,
29890,
29990,
29909,
29939,
29929,
29950,
3173,
29875,
29984,
8701,
414,
7863,
304,
1301,
277,
508,
1286,
1207,
2989,
671,
310,
278,
6664,
1160,
287,
405,
1648,
4200,
24004,
29889,
450,
2143,
9265,
3276,
3593,
14523,
1286,
30098,
13,
4300,
6595,
5476,
26807,
633,
29877,
538,
16886,
322,
6692,
360,
12099,
29899,
262,
29899,
5323,
2827,
13,
4300,
6595,
29915,
29879,
8718,
278,
24189,
304,
278,
478,
29711,
4103,
277,
11319,
3593,
1401,
327,
304,
437,
29920,
575,
310,
16886,
322,
6692,
360,
12099,
29899,
262,
29899,
5323,
2827,
29889,
450,
716,
1162,
21211,
674,
367,
30098,
13,
4373,
18987,
5780,
5466,
11057,
14014,
534,
2707,
11322,
13,
29911,
10857,
12034,
1858,
7310,
304,
24656,
9850,
15038,
363,
23803,
478,
29711,
534,
2707,
12768,
4103,
6595,
322,
278,
10354,
310,
4908,
15411,
526,
337,
280,
5832,
30098,
13,
4300,
6595,
1614,
2167,
6274,
4909,
12039,
701,
629,
3076,
13,
8208,
342,
831,
1052,
4097,
297,
23803,
478,
29711,
8611,
408,
760,
310,
5073,
975,
2350,
352,
450,
15141,
20337,
287,
6274,
4909,
30098,
13,
16890,
5455,
2358,
19536,
1737,
968,
3448,
515,
19587,
17686,
297,
478,
29711,
13,
25971,
29901,
5345,
13636,
26370,
960,
366,
29915,
29881,
5429,
3593,
5455,
21872,
8594,
29870,
1460,
540,
29915,
29881,
367,
3966,
441,
292,
263,
330,
351,
6234,
310,
1737,
968,
4822,
278,
19587,
17686,
310,
4241,
322,
29175,
30098,
13,
2008,
29874,
16890,
2669,
10231,
304,
5870,
15678,
9667,
13,
29903,
737,
886,
304,
6403,
1432,
29871,
29896,
29945,
29899,
1195,
2667,
2645,
19224,
6199,
14893,
1076,
27822,
29892,
4723,
3250,
14070,
16890,
5840,
1973,
674,
6403,
1432,
29871,
29896,
29945,
6233,
1546,
29871,
29955,
29901,
29900,
29900,
322,
29871,
29929,
29901,
29941,
29900,
30098,
13,
4300,
6595,
1614,
2167,
3457,
446,
4815,
1943,
12027,
9454,
8010,
13,
1576,
3457,
446,
4815,
1943,
472,
7315,
280,
341,
1479,
1242,
12039,
13246,
373,
5306,
29871,
29906,
29953,
29892,
2791,
292,
278,
13285,
310,
278,
13184,
2060,
29889,
450,
7315,
280,
341,
1479,
1242,
3457,
446,
4815,
1943,
13246,
304,
30098,
13,
4013,
338,
596,
10754,
304,
10894,
1218,
3086,
1894,
2101,
681,
3938,
459,
793,
8373,
373,
5306,
29871,
29906,
29896,
13,
2951,
5306,
29871,
29906,
29896,
29892,
372,
29915,
29879,
3086,
1894,
2101,
681,
3938,
459,
793,
8373,
785,
263,
2462,
5936,
5281,
322,
10894,
1218,
278,
4185,
1973,
322,
30098,
13,
4300,
6595,
2437,
11407,
716,
7014,
363,
1301,
277,
24205,
13,
4300,
6595,
338,
5432,
363,
716,
7014,
304,
1207,
970,
1301,
277,
1584,
872,
571,
322,
27372,
408,
2305,
736,
304,
773,
278,
1788,
29889,
4103,
6595,
29915,
29879,
29871,
29906,
29900,
29906,
29900,
4673,
8251,
30098,
13,
29907,
14404,
7605,
17943,
7997,
13001,
294,
12027,
433,
1312,
1222,
572,
487,
5298,
8680,
624,
3842,
1724,
29915,
29879,
10130,
13,
13197,
3145,
7605,
23471,
5490,
29871,
29906,
29900,
29906,
29941,
5846,
29871,
29906,
29900,
29906,
29906,
3979,
29871,
29906,
29900,
29906,
29906,
5533,
29871,
29906,
29900,
29906,
29906,
3839,
29871,
29906,
29900,
29906,
29906,
3111,
29871,
29906,
29900,
29906,
29906,
5468,
29871,
29906,
29900,
29906,
29906,
5306,
29871,
29906,
29900,
29906,
29906,
2610,
29871,
29906,
29900,
29906,
29906,
3786,
29871,
29906,
29900,
29906,
29906,
4779,
29871,
29906,
29900,
29906,
29906,
6339,
29871,
29906,
29900,
29906,
29906,
5490,
29871,
29906,
29900,
29906,
29906,
5846,
29871,
29906,
29900,
29906,
29896,
3979,
29871,
29906,
29900,
29906,
29896,
5533,
29871,
29906,
29900,
29906,
29896,
3839,
29871,
29906,
29900,
29906,
29896,
3111,
29871,
29906,
29900,
29906,
29896,
5468,
29871,
29906,
29900,
29906,
29896,
5306,
29871,
29906,
29900,
29906,
29896,
2610,
29871,
29906,
29900,
29906,
29896,
3786,
29871,
29906,
29900,
29906,
29896,
4779,
29871,
29906,
29900,
29906,
29896,
6339,
29871,
29906,
29900,
29906,
29896,
5490,
29871,
29906,
29900,
29906,
29896,
5846,
29871,
29906,
29900,
29906,
29900,
3979,
29871,
29906,
29900,
29906,
29900,
5533,
29871,
29906,
29900,
29906,
29900,
3839,
29871,
29906,
29900,
29906,
29900,
3111,
29871,
29906,
29900,
29906,
29900,
5468,
29871,
29906,
29900,
29906,
29900,
5306,
29871,
29906,
29900,
29906,
29900,
2610,
29871,
29906,
29900,
29906,
29900,
3786,
29871,
29906,
29900,
29906,
29900,
4779,
29871,
29906,
29900,
29906,
29900,
6339,
29871,
29906,
29900,
29906,
29900,
5490,
29871,
29906,
29900,
29906,
29900,
5846,
29871,
29906,
29900,
29896,
29929,
3979,
29871,
29906
] | 2,626 | 0 | CommonCrawl | 0 | 3 |
HC Past Series HC Series 1 HOLBY CITY HOLBY CITY SERIES
1.08 Staying Alive (Part 1) - 2/3/99
HC Past Series HC Series HC SERIES 11-19 HC Series 18 HOLBY CITY Spoilers Spoilers News Page
18.52 Snakes and Ladders - 4/10/16
18.51 Life in the Freezer - 27/9/16
18.50 Emotionally Yours - 20/9/16
18.49 Say a Little Prayer - 13/9/16
18.48 Brave New World - 6/9/16
18.47 Protect and Serve - 30/8/16
18.46 Fractured - 25/8/16
18.45 Little Acorns - 23/8/16
18.44 Indefensible - 4/8/16
1.08 Staying Alive (Part 1) – 2/3/99
S1 E8 (2 Mar 99) : Staying Alive (Part 1) by Jeff Povey
Carl comes up to Darwin, looking for Jasmine. He's been phoning but she won't talk to him. Eventually she decides to and he says he wants them to get back together. She says they're not suitable for each other and gives him her ring back. They say they'll miss each other.
Victoria winds Sunny up and tells him in enter a radio competition in which he can win £10,000. He gets through and answers five questions correctly so wins the money. He's disappointed however when he's asked which charity he'll be donating the money to, and gives it to the cardiology unit.
Meanwhile on cardiology, Kirstie's decided to stay on McKendrick's team and says she doesn't want to go into surgery. Nick wants to know why she stood him up and she says she was feeding a dog. Nick says that he's there if she needs a friend to talk to..
Nick and Meyer successfully perform a rare operation to cure an elderly patient of the whole in his heart. His younger wife is very concerned and the patient, Ken, tells her to leave him. After the operation, however, Hannah tells Karen that Ken needs a wife and not a daughter. She says she'll look after him until he's better and then get a divorce if he still wants one.
An ex-nurse of Muriel's is on the ward and she wants to help out. She even tries to resuscitate a patient without calling a nurse which Kirstie reprimands her for. Muriel wants to fit her with an internal defibrillator which will cost £25,000. The patient, Audrey is unsure about this, especially when she finds out how many operations could be performed with that amount of money. She leaves the hospital because she'd rather die than have people look after her like she did once.
Victoria drops her speed pills in front of Sunny and when he realises what they are, says she could lose her job. She's irritable and makes out dodgy prescriptions in the wrong units. Victoria confesses to Karen that she's been taking speed but doesn't mention that she stole them from the hospital. Karen tells her to see Nick, as Meyer's busy, who tells her to get counselling and tell him when she has. She says that she's leaving and dumps her stethoscope in his office. Ray can't get her to change her mind. He gives her a lecture, telling her she needs to face up to her responsibility. He tells her to get counselling. He gives her a number and tells her he wants to know when she's called. Victoria says she's failed and let everybody down; she says she's leaving. She dumps her stethoscope in his office. Ray later talks to her but she will not change her mind.
Two lads, Keith and Brad, are causing trouble for their friend Darren. They mess with the chest drain and cause him to arrest. Victoria notices what's wrong and saves Darren's life. When Nick arrives, Victoria tells him she doesn't want to quit her job. | -0.944988 | -0.940816 | -0.956739 | -1.144705 | [
-1.6130471539000542,
-0.2769287729117634
] | [
-1.4739761362667851,
-0.4076568160968477
] | [
-1.4922029098325928,
-0.4212751368640851
] | [
-1.7022115358863263,
-0.5871992046564338
] | 1,024 | [
512,
512
] | [
379,
29907,
19793,
10488,
379,
29907,
10488,
29871,
29896,
379,
5607,
22716,
315,
11937,
379,
5607,
22716,
315,
11937,
26996,
29059,
13,
29896,
29889,
29900,
29947,
624,
388,
292,
319,
9258,
313,
7439,
29871,
29896,
29897,
448,
29871,
29906,
29914,
29941,
29914,
29929,
29929,
13,
19127,
19793,
10488,
379,
29907,
10488,
379,
29907,
26996,
29059,
29871,
29896,
29896,
29899,
29896,
29929,
379,
29907,
10488,
29871,
29896,
29947,
379,
5607,
22716,
315,
11937,
24674,
22058,
24674,
22058,
10130,
9305,
13,
29896,
29947,
29889,
29945,
29906,
22639,
6926,
322,
365,
1202,
414,
448,
29871,
29946,
29914,
29896,
29900,
29914,
29896,
29953,
13,
29896,
29947,
29889,
29945,
29896,
4634,
297,
278,
12362,
3298,
448,
29871,
29906,
29955,
29914,
29929,
29914,
29896,
29953,
13,
29896,
29947,
29889,
29945,
29900,
2812,
8194,
635,
612,
2470,
448,
29871,
29906,
29900,
29914,
29929,
29914,
29896,
29953,
13,
29896,
29947,
29889,
29946,
29929,
14891,
263,
11143,
349,
764,
261,
448,
29871,
29896,
29941,
29914,
29929,
29914,
29896,
29953,
13,
29896,
29947,
29889,
29946,
29947,
5032,
345,
1570,
2787,
448,
29871,
29953,
29914,
29929,
29914,
29896,
29953,
13,
29896,
29947,
29889,
29946,
29955,
14409,
312,
322,
1816,
345,
448,
29871,
29941,
29900,
29914,
29947,
29914,
29896,
29953,
13,
29896,
29947,
29889,
29946,
29953,
383,
1461,
2955,
448,
29871,
29906,
29945,
29914,
29947,
29914,
29896,
29953,
13,
29896,
29947,
29889,
29946,
29945,
11143,
7255,
1398,
29879,
448,
29871,
29906,
29941,
29914,
29947,
29914,
29896,
29953,
13,
29896,
29947,
29889,
29946,
29946,
1894,
1389,
575,
1821,
448,
29871,
29946,
29914,
29947,
29914,
29896,
29953,
13,
29896,
29889,
29900,
29947,
624,
388,
292,
319,
9258,
313,
7439,
29871,
29896,
29897,
785,
29871,
29906,
29914,
29941,
29914,
29929,
29929,
13,
29903,
29896,
382,
29947,
313,
29906,
1085,
29871,
29929,
29929,
29897,
584,
624,
388,
292,
319,
9258,
313,
7439,
29871,
29896,
29897,
491,
12208,
349,
994,
29891,
13,
8179,
29880,
5304,
701,
304,
7335,
5080,
29892,
3063,
363,
435,
11625,
457,
29889,
940,
29915,
29879,
1063,
1374,
28259,
541,
1183,
2113,
29915,
29873,
5193,
304,
1075,
29889,
6864,
1474,
1183,
1602,
2247,
304,
322,
540,
4083,
540,
10753,
963,
304,
679,
1250,
4208,
29889,
2296,
4083,
896,
29915,
276,
451,
13907,
363,
1269,
916,
322,
4076,
1075,
902,
9228,
1250,
29889,
2688,
1827,
896,
29915,
645,
3052,
1269,
916,
29889,
13,
29963,
919,
4108,
8805,
29879,
8991,
1460,
701,
322,
10603,
1075,
297,
3896,
263,
7155,
13888,
297,
607,
540,
508,
5401,
15151,
29896,
29900,
29892,
29900,
29900,
29900,
29889,
940,
4947,
1549,
322,
6089,
5320,
5155,
5149,
577,
21614,
278,
6909,
29889,
940,
29915,
29879,
23451,
287,
3138,
746,
540,
29915,
29879,
4433,
607,
1373,
537,
540,
29915,
645,
367,
1016,
1218,
278,
6909,
304,
29892,
322,
4076,
372,
304,
278,
5881,
29875,
3002,
5190,
29889,
13,
6816,
273,
8000,
373,
5881,
29875,
3002,
29892,
476,
765,
347,
29915,
29879,
8459,
304,
7952,
373,
24053,
355,
9131,
29915,
29879,
3815,
322,
4083,
1183,
1838,
29915,
29873,
864,
304,
748,
964,
25300,
708,
29889,
13853,
10753,
304,
1073,
2020,
1183,
8389,
1075,
701,
322,
1183,
4083,
1183,
471,
8343,
292,
263,
11203,
29889,
13853,
4083,
393,
540,
29915,
29879,
727,
565,
1183,
4225,
263,
5121,
304,
5193,
304,
636,
13,
29940,
860,
322,
26581,
8472,
2189,
263,
10812,
5858,
304,
274,
545,
385,
27008,
368,
16500,
310,
278,
3353,
297,
670,
5192,
29889,
3600,
20023,
6532,
338,
1407,
15041,
322,
278,
16500,
29892,
10015,
29892,
10603,
902,
304,
5967,
1075,
29889,
2860,
278,
5858,
29892,
3138,
29892,
13889,
801,
10603,
3467,
264,
393,
10015,
4225,
263,
6532,
322,
451,
263,
8750,
29889,
2296,
4083,
1183,
29915,
645,
1106,
1156,
1075,
2745,
540,
29915,
29879,
2253,
322,
769,
679,
263,
25074,
346,
565,
540,
1603,
10753,
697,
29889,
13,
2744,
429,
29899,
29876,
332,
344,
310,
7487,
709,
29915,
29879,
338,
373,
278,
281,
538,
322,
1183,
10753,
304,
1371,
714,
29889,
2296,
1584,
14335,
304,
620,
22142,
10388,
263,
16500,
1728,
5432,
263,
5595,
344,
607,
476,
765,
347,
2062,
326,
4167,
902,
363,
29889,
7487,
709,
10753,
304,
6216,
902,
411,
385,
7463,
822,
4626,
453,
1061,
607,
674,
3438,
15151,
29906,
29945,
29892,
29900,
29900,
29900,
29889,
450,
16500,
29892,
8612,
8903,
338,
9644,
545,
1048,
445,
29892,
7148,
746,
1183,
14061,
714,
920,
1784,
6931,
1033,
367,
8560,
411,
393,
5253,
310,
6909,
29889,
2296,
11308,
278,
13457,
1363,
1183,
29915,
29881,
3265,
762,
1135,
505,
2305,
1106,
1156,
902,
763,
1183,
1258,
2748,
29889,
13,
29963,
919,
4108,
4441,
567,
902,
6210,
282,
6090,
297,
4565,
310,
8991,
1460,
322,
746,
540,
1855,
4637,
825,
896,
526,
29892,
4083,
1183,
1033,
14074,
902,
4982,
29889,
2296,
29915,
29879,
3805,
768,
519,
322,
3732,
714,
21130,
1927,
2225,
699,
1980,
297,
278,
2743,
10340,
29889,
14212,
1970,
15322,
304,
3467,
264,
393,
1183,
29915,
29879,
1063,
5622,
6210,
541,
1838,
29915,
29873,
3585,
393,
1183,
380,
1772,
963,
515,
278,
13457,
29889,
3467,
264,
10603,
902,
304,
1074,
13853,
29892,
408,
26581,
29915,
29879,
19587,
29892,
1058,
10603,
902,
304,
679,
2613,
29879,
7807,
322,
2649,
1075,
746,
1183,
756,
29889,
2296,
4083,
393,
1183,
29915,
29879,
10124,
322,
270,
17204,
902,
380,
621,
359,
4338,
297,
670,
8034,
29889,
9596,
508,
29915,
29873,
679,
902,
304,
1735,
902,
3458,
29889,
940,
4076,
902,
263,
29197,
29892,
14509,
902,
1183,
4225,
304,
3700,
701,
304,
902,
23134,
29889,
940,
10603,
902,
304,
679,
2613,
29879,
7807,
29889,
940,
4076,
902,
263,
1353,
322,
10603,
902,
540,
10753,
304,
1073,
746,
1183,
29915,
29879,
2000,
29889,
14212,
4083,
1183,
29915,
29879,
5229,
322,
1235,
26077,
1623,
29936,
1183,
4083,
1183,
29915,
29879,
10124,
29889,
2296,
270,
17204,
902,
380,
621,
359,
4338,
297,
670,
8034,
29889,
9596,
2678,
5969,
2039,
304,
902,
541,
1183,
674,
451,
1735,
902,
3458,
29889,
13,
13985,
301,
7925,
29892,
27179,
322,
15862,
29892,
526,
10805,
7458,
363,
1009,
5121,
7335,
1267,
29889,
2688,
4473,
411,
278,
521,
342,
270,
6038,
322,
4556,
1075,
304,
22564,
29889,
14212,
451,
1575,
825,
29915,
29879,
2743,
322,
27401,
7335,
1267,
29915,
29879,
2834,
29889,
1932,
13853,
6974,
267,
29892,
14212,
10603,
1075,
1183,
1838,
29915,
29873,
864,
304,
23283,
902,
4982,
29889
] | 2,628 | 0 | CommonCrawl | 2 | 16 |
Updated April 22, 2020 by Alexander Rennie
The 10 Best Power Staplers
This wiki has been updated 31 times since it was first published in April of 2015. Whether you're a construction professional or a do-it-yourself guru, you'll appreciate owning one of these power staplers for finishing any job that requires you to drive staples or brads into tough materials. We've included electric options suitable for occasional upholstery repair as well as heavy-duty pneumatic guns that can handle shingles, siding, flooring, and fencing. When users buy our independently chosen editorial selections, we may earn commissions to help fund the Wiki.
This wiki has been updated 31 times since it was first published in April of 2015. Whether you're a construction professional or a do-it-yourself guru, you'll appreciate owning one of these power staplers for finishing any job that requires you to drive staples or brads into tough materials. We've included electric options suitable for occasional upholstery repair as well as heavy-duty pneumatic guns that can handle shingles, siding, flooring, and fencing. When users buy our independently chosen editorial picks, we may earn commissions to help fund the Wiki.
1. Metabo Standard
Designed with two operating modes, the Metabo Standard (appx. $249) allows you to drive staples intermittently by pressing the trigger or fire them continuously along a surface using a bouncing motion. The magazine features a stainless steel housing for reliable protection.
Resists buildup of grime and debris
Quick and easy jam clearing
Comes with a hex wrench
2. Freeman PFS9
If you work on a farm or ranch, the rugged Freeman PFS9 (around $293) may become your new best friend. This power tool drives nine-gauge staples with smoothness and precision, and it's a pleasure to operate thanks to its ergonomic grip that minimizes vibrations.
T-handle provides good control
Integrated belt hook
Sturdy aluminum construction
3. DeWalt 2-N-1
The DeWalt 2-N-1 (appx. $226) is a professional-grade flooring tool capable of firing both 15-gauge staples and 16-gauge nails. Its non-marring base plates allow you to work effectively on just about any type of flat surface without causing any damage.
Oversized rubber grip for comfort
Includes a mallet
Comes with a dust cover
April 19, 2020:
For this update we wanted to include two cordless options for people who need more mobility than pneumatic staplers can offer.
The battery-powered Dewalt 20V would be a great choice for someone who already owns other DeWalt tools. Since their batteries are interchangeable, you would already have several backups on hand, and you could save a lot of money by purchasing the bare-tool only.
The other battery-powered model we added was the Porter-Cable Max. This tool is designed for ease-of-use, and if you're intimidated or unsure about using a power stapler, it goes overboard making the specifics of its operation as straightforward and unambiguous as possible. Bright red wheels, lights, and switches make it really simple to use.
We also replaced the Hitachi Standard with the Metabo Standard, due to all Hitachi tools being rebranded as Metabo after being bought by KKR in 2017. To be clear, this change was in name only, and the tool remains the same. It is manufactured in the same factory as before, by the same people, and we have seen nothing to suggest that the quality has been lowered in any way.
Power staplers can be extremely dangerous if not given the proper respect they deserve. Never operate them without wearing impact-resistant eyewear, as small pieces of debris or staple fragments may bounce back at you during use. If you're using a pneumatic model with an air compressor, use the proper hearing protection as well.
If these power staplers don't provide you with the type of fastening you need, consider a | -0.512513 | -0.13951 | 0.016861 | -1.183238 | [
-0.5720938278609963,
-0.45293206553810406
] | [
-0.2044204721181946,
-0.07459989997324003
] | [
-0.16828509458200425,
0.20200609512409906
] | [
-1.5149128765721187,
-0.8515634581676332
] | 1,024 | [
512,
512
] | [
25723,
3786,
29871,
29906,
29906,
29892,
29871,
29906,
29900,
29906,
29900,
491,
9428,
390,
2108,
347,
13,
1576,
29871,
29896,
29900,
6407,
9206,
624,
481,
9306,
13,
4013,
281,
10058,
756,
1063,
4784,
29871,
29941,
29896,
3064,
1951,
372,
471,
937,
6369,
297,
3786,
310,
29871,
29906,
29900,
29896,
29945,
29889,
26460,
366,
29915,
276,
263,
7632,
10257,
470,
263,
437,
29899,
277,
29899,
8066,
1311,
330,
20144,
29892,
366,
29915,
645,
11188,
8152,
1076,
697,
310,
1438,
3081,
380,
481,
9306,
363,
28321,
738,
4982,
393,
6858,
366,
304,
7899,
380,
481,
793,
470,
1506,
7925,
964,
260,
820,
17279,
29889,
1334,
29915,
345,
5134,
12646,
3987,
13907,
363,
14882,
1848,
318,
561,
324,
303,
708,
26032,
408,
1532,
408,
9416,
29899,
29881,
329,
29891,
282,
29765,
2454,
18788,
393,
508,
4386,
528,
292,
793,
29892,
269,
4821,
29892,
5685,
8253,
29892,
322,
285,
16750,
29889,
1932,
4160,
15649,
1749,
25499,
10434,
6920,
616,
409,
5942,
29892,
591,
1122,
2326,
29876,
844,
6847,
304,
1371,
5220,
278,
3772,
29875,
29889,
13,
4013,
281,
10058,
756,
1063,
4784,
29871,
29941,
29896,
3064,
1951,
372,
471,
937,
6369,
297,
3786,
310,
29871,
29906,
29900,
29896,
29945,
29889,
26460,
366,
29915,
276,
263,
7632,
10257,
470,
263,
437,
29899,
277,
29899,
8066,
1311,
330,
20144,
29892,
366,
29915,
645,
11188,
8152,
1076,
697,
310,
1438,
3081,
380,
481,
9306,
363,
28321,
738,
4982,
393,
6858,
366,
304,
7899,
380,
481,
793,
470,
1506,
7925,
964,
260,
820,
17279,
29889,
1334,
29915,
345,
5134,
12646,
3987,
13907,
363,
14882,
1848,
318,
561,
324,
303,
708,
26032,
408,
1532,
408,
9416,
29899,
29881,
329,
29891,
282,
29765,
2454,
18788,
393,
508,
4386,
528,
292,
793,
29892,
269,
4821,
29892,
5685,
8253,
29892,
322,
285,
16750,
29889,
1932,
4160,
15649,
1749,
25499,
10434,
6920,
616,
5839,
29879,
29892,
591,
1122,
2326,
29876,
844,
6847,
304,
1371,
5220,
278,
3772,
29875,
29889,
13,
29896,
29889,
4737,
370,
29877,
10117,
13,
4002,
12961,
411,
1023,
13598,
18893,
29892,
278,
4737,
370,
29877,
10117,
313,
932,
29916,
29889,
395,
29906,
29946,
29929,
29897,
6511,
366,
304,
7899,
380,
481,
793,
1006,
18344,
2705,
491,
24795,
278,
7135,
470,
3974,
963,
3133,
5794,
3412,
263,
7101,
773,
263,
289,
1309,
3277,
10884,
29889,
450,
14853,
5680,
263,
380,
475,
2222,
22973,
27261,
363,
23279,
13047,
29889,
13,
1666,
2879,
1321,
309,
20908,
310,
867,
603,
322,
316,
1182,
275,
13,
2182,
860,
322,
4780,
14322,
2821,
292,
13,
1523,
267,
411,
263,
15090,
281,
4615,
13,
29906,
29889,
3878,
11422,
349,
9998,
29929,
13,
3644,
366,
664,
373,
263,
17888,
470,
6350,
305,
29892,
278,
29833,
3192,
3878,
11422,
349,
9998,
29929,
313,
11316,
395,
29906,
29929,
29941,
29897,
1122,
4953,
596,
716,
1900,
5121,
29889,
910,
3081,
5780,
25100,
14183,
29899,
29887,
585,
479,
380,
481,
793,
411,
10597,
2264,
322,
16716,
29892,
322,
372,
29915,
29879,
263,
15377,
304,
21994,
3969,
304,
967,
23682,
4917,
293,
330,
6472,
393,
6260,
7093,
325,
4626,
800,
29889,
13,
29911,
29899,
8411,
8128,
1781,
2761,
13,
23573,
630,
1339,
29873,
12422,
13,
855,
332,
4518,
394,
9735,
398,
7632,
13,
29941,
29889,
897,
29956,
1997,
29871,
29906,
29899,
29940,
29899,
29896,
13,
1576,
897,
29956,
1997,
29871,
29906,
29899,
29940,
29899,
29896,
313,
932,
29916,
29889,
395,
29906,
29906,
29953,
29897,
338,
263,
10257,
29899,
8228,
5685,
8253,
5780,
15390,
310,
25948,
1716,
29871,
29896,
29945,
29899,
29887,
585,
479,
380,
481,
793,
322,
29871,
29896,
29953,
29899,
29887,
585,
479,
302,
2234,
29889,
8011,
1661,
29899,
29885,
23693,
2967,
715,
1078,
2758,
366,
304,
664,
17583,
373,
925,
1048,
738,
1134,
310,
12151,
7101,
1728,
10805,
738,
18658,
29889,
13,
29949,
874,
1891,
14051,
495,
330,
6472,
363,
13016,
13,
797,
27722,
263,
4439,
1026,
13,
1523,
267,
411,
263,
19786,
4612,
13,
29909,
3193,
29871,
29896,
29929,
29892,
29871,
29906,
29900,
29906,
29900,
29901,
13,
2831,
445,
2767,
591,
5131,
304,
3160,
1023,
13793,
2222,
3987,
363,
2305,
1058,
817,
901,
22458,
1793,
1135,
282,
29765,
2454,
380,
481,
9306,
508,
5957,
29889,
13,
1576,
16988,
29899,
13519,
287,
360,
809,
1997,
29871,
29906,
29900,
29963,
723,
367,
263,
2107,
7348,
363,
4856,
1058,
2307,
1914,
29879,
916,
897,
29956,
1997,
8492,
29889,
4001,
1009,
10193,
583,
526,
1006,
3167,
519,
29892,
366,
723,
2307,
505,
3196,
1250,
14340,
373,
1361,
29892,
322,
366,
1033,
4078,
263,
3287,
310,
6909,
491,
10596,
5832,
278,
16079,
29899,
10154,
871,
29889,
13,
1576,
916,
16988,
29899,
13519,
287,
1904,
591,
2715,
471,
278,
7102,
357,
29899,
29907,
519,
5918,
29889,
910,
5780,
338,
8688,
363,
16326,
29899,
974,
29899,
1509,
29892,
322,
565,
366,
29915,
276,
938,
326,
333,
630,
470,
9644,
545,
1048,
773,
263,
3081,
380,
481,
1358,
29892,
372,
5771,
975,
3377,
3907,
278,
2702,
29879,
310,
967,
5858,
408,
20837,
322,
443,
14727,
681,
408,
1950,
29889,
29258,
2654,
21266,
1379,
29892,
26068,
29892,
322,
4607,
267,
1207,
372,
2289,
2560,
304,
671,
29889,
13,
4806,
884,
8611,
278,
14309,
26213,
10117,
411,
278,
4737,
370,
29877,
10117,
29892,
2861,
304,
599,
14309,
26213,
8492,
1641,
337,
16472,
287,
408,
4737,
370,
29877,
1156,
1641,
18093,
491,
476,
29968,
29934,
297,
29871,
29906,
29900,
29896,
29955,
29889,
1763,
367,
2821,
29892,
445,
1735,
471,
297,
1024,
871,
29892,
322,
278,
5780,
9242,
278,
1021,
29889,
739,
338,
12012,
2955,
297,
278,
1021,
12529,
408,
1434,
29892,
491,
278,
1021,
2305,
29892,
322,
591,
505,
3595,
3078,
304,
4368,
393,
278,
11029,
756,
1063,
5224,
287,
297,
738,
982,
29889,
13,
21472,
380,
481,
9306,
508,
367,
14154,
18215,
565,
451,
2183,
278,
1571,
3390,
896,
553,
7143,
29889,
12391,
21994,
963,
1728,
591,
4362,
10879,
29899,
690,
22137,
10977,
705,
279,
29892,
408,
2319,
12785,
310,
316,
1182,
275,
470,
380,
481,
280,
22370,
1122,
289,
21543,
1250,
472,
366,
2645,
671,
29889,
960,
366,
29915,
276,
773,
263,
282,
29765,
2454,
1904,
411,
385,
4799,
27122,
272,
29892,
671,
278,
1571,
22514,
13047,
408,
1532,
29889,
13,
3644,
1438,
3081,
380,
481,
9306,
1016,
29915,
29873,
3867,
366,
411,
278,
1134,
310,
5172,
8333,
366,
817,
29892,
2050,
263
] | 2,636 | 0 | CommonCrawl | 12 | 5 |
pneumatic pinner, or brad nailer. These tools fire thin wire fasteners that have a smaller footprint than staples, but aren't as heavy-duty as a full-size finish or framing nailers.
In many cases, it appeared the Stanley TRE550Z had a remarkably short lifespan, so I took it off the list. Also removed the Hitachi N3804AB3 after discovering several reports of frequent misfiring and inconsistent power. Added the Hitachi Standard as a professional-grade option with a large staple capacity and several useful features.
4. Bostitch MIIIFS
The Bostitch MIIIFS (about $299) has a lightweight aluminum body that will withstand heavy use at industrial job sites. It's a pneumatic model that operates at high speed, automatically positioning and driving your staples into most hardwood floors.
Wide base for stability
Does not scuff or scratch surfaces
5. Makita AT2550A
The Makita AT2550A (appx. $275) is equipped with a top-loading magazine that can hold 140 staples of various lengths. Its integrated air filter prevents dust and debris from compromising its mechanism, making it an ideal choice for outdoor fastening projects.
Hanging hook for storage
Built-in rubber bumpers
Comes with safety goggles
6. Porter-Cable Max
The Porter-Cable Max (appx. $180) is a great beginner model, thanks to its straightforward controls and instructional diagrams printed on the tool. In addition to illuminating your work area, its LED light also indicates specific errors like staple jams, or low battery warnings.
Rubber handle provodes sturdy grip
Fires 1300 staples per charge
Depth adjustment window
7. Senco SKSXP-L
From furniture assembly to trim and siding, there's not much the Senco SKSXP-L (around $280) can't handle. For such a powerful tool, it's surprisingly quiet while you're firing off fasteners, and it comes with a five-year warranty for peace of mind.
Never requires lubrication
Long lip for accessing tight spots
Does not come with a case
8. Porter-Cable US58
Compatible with most air compressors, the Porter-Cable US58 (appx. $97) operates in a pressure range of 70 to 120 PSI, making it appropriately designed for handling indoor upholstery jobs. Its driver guide moves in tandem with the magazine for easy jam clearing.
Top cap is made of strong steel
Comes with a 1-inch nose extension
Requires cleaning and oiling often
9. Bostitch EHF1838K
Minimize your chances for error when using the Bostitch EHF1838K (about $185). Its tongue guide allows you to accurately and consistently drive your staples right into their targets, while its adjustable knobs enable you to tailor your approach to floors of varying thicknesses.
Operates relatively quietly
Non-marring tip prevents dents
Staple capacity is low
10. DeWalt 20V
With no air hose to worry about, the battery-powered DeWalt 20V (around $268) is a convenient option for those who need to move quickly between tasks. It allows for both sequential and contact-fire modes, and clears jams easily with a tool-free release mechanism.
Long running time
Easy depth adjustment
Heavier than pneumatic models
When You Know A Manual Stapler Won't Cut It
For more intense household projects and commercial applications, a manual staple gun isn't even an option.
Even as schools and businesses gradually move toward a paperless existence, the common stapler has remained a staple of the classroom and the workplace. Why? As long as students are taking written tests and office employees continue their paper-pushing ways, the age-old fastening tool will remain indispensable.
While, eventually, digitization may render the standard manual stapler unnecessary, you can't say the same for power staplers. The ability to work on materials that are far more heavy-d | -0.485119 | 0.23876 | 0.208347 | -0.654835 | [
-0.3296612769282156,
-0.6405775993109343
] | [
0.44557770289723325,
0.03194250061468823
] | [
0.37954296690099787,
0.03715042847412156
] | [
-0.5218397766665801,
-0.7878298865954375
] | 1,024 | [
512,
512
] | [
282,
29765,
2454,
282,
3993,
29892,
470,
1506,
328,
302,
737,
261,
29889,
4525,
8492,
3974,
16835,
8014,
5172,
264,
414,
393,
505,
263,
7968,
3661,
2158,
1135,
380,
481,
793,
29892,
541,
9455,
29915,
29873,
408,
9416,
29899,
29881,
329,
29891,
408,
263,
2989,
29899,
2311,
8341,
470,
1424,
11500,
302,
737,
414,
29889,
13,
797,
1784,
4251,
29892,
372,
7470,
278,
21631,
323,
1525,
29945,
29945,
29900,
29999,
750,
263,
8509,
2197,
3273,
11747,
267,
8357,
29892,
577,
306,
3614,
372,
1283,
278,
1051,
29889,
3115,
6206,
278,
14309,
26213,
405,
29941,
29947,
29900,
29946,
2882,
29941,
1156,
6523,
292,
3196,
13676,
310,
17091,
3984,
29888,
8491,
322,
22435,
9696,
3081,
29889,
25601,
278,
14309,
26213,
10117,
408,
263,
10257,
29899,
8228,
2984,
411,
263,
2919,
380,
481,
280,
13284,
322,
3196,
5407,
5680,
29889,
13,
29946,
29889,
350,
520,
2335,
341,
5287,
9998,
13,
1576,
350,
520,
2335,
341,
5287,
9998,
313,
12717,
395,
29906,
29929,
29929,
29897,
756,
263,
3578,
7915,
394,
9735,
398,
3573,
393,
674,
411,
1689,
9416,
671,
472,
18408,
4982,
11840,
29889,
739,
29915,
29879,
263,
282,
29765,
2454,
1904,
393,
1751,
1078,
472,
1880,
6210,
29892,
6336,
2602,
292,
322,
19500,
596,
380,
481,
793,
964,
1556,
2898,
6115,
5685,
943,
29889,
13,
29956,
680,
2967,
363,
25806,
13,
25125,
451,
885,
3096,
470,
22728,
28001,
13,
29945,
29889,
17232,
2028,
15531,
29906,
29945,
29945,
29900,
29909,
13,
1576,
17232,
2028,
15531,
29906,
29945,
29945,
29900,
29909,
313,
932,
29916,
29889,
395,
29906,
29955,
29945,
29897,
338,
1592,
16242,
411,
263,
2246,
29899,
13234,
14853,
393,
508,
4808,
29871,
29896,
29946,
29900,
380,
481,
793,
310,
5164,
27497,
29889,
8011,
23387,
4799,
4175,
28057,
19786,
322,
316,
1182,
275,
515,
19632,
5921,
967,
13336,
29892,
3907,
372,
385,
10839,
7348,
363,
714,
17433,
5172,
8333,
9279,
29889,
13,
29950,
9776,
12422,
363,
8635,
13,
3727,
2782,
29899,
262,
14051,
495,
289,
3427,
414,
13,
1523,
267,
411,
15332,
330,
468,
29887,
793,
13,
29953,
29889,
7102,
357,
29899,
29907,
519,
5918,
13,
1576,
7102,
357,
29899,
29907,
519,
5918,
313,
932,
29916,
29889,
395,
29896,
29947,
29900,
29897,
338,
263,
2107,
26605,
1904,
29892,
3969,
304,
967,
20837,
11761,
322,
15278,
284,
7936,
25402,
13350,
373,
278,
5780,
29889,
512,
6124,
304,
4486,
9735,
1218,
596,
664,
4038,
29892,
967,
25023,
3578,
884,
14088,
2702,
4436,
763,
380,
481,
280,
432,
2232,
29892,
470,
4482,
16988,
18116,
29889,
13,
29934,
431,
495,
4386,
1326,
2631,
380,
332,
4518,
330,
6472,
13,
29943,
2658,
29871,
29896,
29941,
29900,
29900,
380,
481,
793,
639,
8323,
13,
8498,
386,
10365,
358,
3474,
13,
29955,
29889,
5811,
1111,
317,
17557,
29990,
29925,
29899,
29931,
13,
4591,
15252,
17252,
11470,
304,
17151,
322,
269,
4821,
29892,
727,
29915,
29879,
451,
1568,
278,
5811,
1111,
317,
17557,
29990,
29925,
29899,
29931,
313,
11316,
395,
29906,
29947,
29900,
29897,
508,
29915,
29873,
4386,
29889,
1152,
1316,
263,
13988,
5780,
29892,
372,
29915,
29879,
26800,
368,
11813,
1550,
366,
29915,
276,
25948,
1283,
5172,
264,
414,
29892,
322,
372,
5304,
411,
263,
5320,
29899,
6360,
1370,
21867,
29891,
363,
10776,
310,
3458,
29889,
13,
29940,
1310,
6858,
14757,
2200,
362,
13,
8208,
17441,
363,
17378,
19932,
805,
1862,
13,
25125,
451,
2041,
411,
263,
1206,
13,
29947,
29889,
7102,
357,
29899,
29907,
519,
3148,
29945,
29947,
13,
14644,
1821,
411,
1556,
4799,
27122,
943,
29892,
278,
7102,
357,
29899,
29907,
519,
3148,
29945,
29947,
313,
932,
29916,
29889,
395,
29929,
29955,
29897,
1751,
1078,
297,
263,
12959,
3464,
310,
29871,
29955,
29900,
304,
29871,
29896,
29906,
29900,
349,
5425,
29892,
3907,
372,
7128,
2486,
8688,
363,
11415,
1399,
16946,
318,
561,
324,
303,
708,
17643,
29889,
8011,
7156,
10754,
16229,
297,
10345,
2310,
411,
278,
14853,
363,
4780,
14322,
2821,
292,
29889,
13,
7031,
2117,
338,
1754,
310,
4549,
22973,
13,
1523,
267,
411,
263,
29871,
29896,
29899,
22466,
26414,
6081,
13,
1123,
339,
2658,
5941,
292,
322,
288,
6504,
4049,
13,
29929,
29889,
350,
520,
2335,
382,
29950,
29943,
29896,
29947,
29941,
29947,
29968,
13,
8140,
326,
675,
596,
521,
2925,
363,
1059,
746,
773,
278,
350,
520,
2335,
382,
29950,
29943,
29896,
29947,
29941,
29947,
29968,
313,
12717,
395,
29896,
29947,
29945,
467,
8011,
26820,
10754,
6511,
366,
304,
7913,
2486,
322,
5718,
2705,
7899,
596,
380,
481,
793,
1492,
964,
1009,
22525,
29892,
1550,
967,
10365,
519,
889,
26290,
9025,
366,
304,
12464,
272,
596,
2948,
304,
5685,
943,
310,
24099,
12003,
2264,
267,
29889,
13,
7094,
1078,
13774,
25970,
13,
12283,
29899,
29885,
23693,
6872,
28057,
270,
1237,
13,
855,
481,
280,
13284,
338,
4482,
13,
29896,
29900,
29889,
897,
29956,
1997,
29871,
29906,
29900,
29963,
13,
3047,
694,
4799,
298,
852,
304,
15982,
1048,
29892,
278,
16988,
29899,
13519,
287,
897,
29956,
1997,
29871,
29906,
29900,
29963,
313,
11316,
395,
29906,
29953,
29947,
29897,
338,
263,
19192,
2984,
363,
1906,
1058,
817,
304,
4337,
9098,
1546,
9595,
29889,
739,
6511,
363,
1716,
8617,
2556,
322,
6958,
29899,
8696,
18893,
29892,
322,
4531,
1503,
432,
2232,
5948,
411,
263,
5780,
29899,
9021,
6507,
13336,
29889,
13,
8208,
2734,
931,
13,
29923,
8995,
10809,
10365,
358,
13,
3868,
18852,
1135,
282,
29765,
2454,
4733,
13,
10401,
887,
19320,
319,
2315,
950,
624,
481,
1358,
399,
265,
29915,
29873,
315,
329,
739,
13,
2831,
901,
17818,
344,
22329,
9279,
322,
12128,
8324,
29892,
263,
12219,
380,
481,
280,
13736,
3508,
29915,
29873,
1584,
385,
2984,
29889,
13,
29923,
854,
408,
12462,
322,
5381,
267,
22020,
4337,
11183,
263,
5650,
2222,
10379,
29892,
278,
3619,
380,
481,
1358,
756,
9488,
263,
380,
481,
280,
310,
278,
770,
8345,
322,
278,
664,
6689,
29889,
3750,
29973,
1094,
1472,
408,
8041,
526,
5622,
3971,
6987,
322,
8034,
22873,
6773,
1009,
5650,
29899,
5910,
292,
5837,
29892,
278,
5046,
29899,
1025,
5172,
8333,
5780,
674,
3933,
1399,
11936,
575,
519,
29889,
13,
8809,
488,
29892,
10201,
29892,
13615,
2133,
1122,
4050,
278,
3918,
12219,
380,
481,
1358,
19039,
29892,
366,
508,
29915,
29873,
1827,
278,
1021,
363,
3081,
380,
481,
9306,
29889,
450,
11509,
304,
664,
373,
17279,
393,
526,
2215,
901,
9416,
29899,
29881
] | 2,636 | 1,024 | CommonCrawl | 12 | 5 |
uty than paper sets these guns apart; they can affix robust metal staples to plastic, wood, and even masonry.
Long after our education system and corporate bureaucracies have migrated to fully digital platforms, we'll still be constructing buildings, re-roofing houses, installing carpeting, and laying down stone patios. We'll still need to fasten objects to tough surfaces like PVC and hard wood.
Unlike heavy-duty hand-powered models, power staplers use electricity or an air compressor to deliver a sharper, more powerful blow. The force behind this jolt is enough to drive the staple completely into the intended surface before the workpiece has time to move. Not only is it superior in its effectiveness, it's far less fatiguing if you're using it for an extended period of time.
Some manual staple guns can handle light duty around the house, such as repairs to curtains and drapery, working with upholstery, and even hanging up insulation. The fact that they're capable, however, doesn't mean they're easy to use. Since these staplers don't rely on an external power source, they require your strength to function. In certain situations, they'll jam up more frequently, as well.
For more intense household projects and commercial applications, a manual staple gun isn't even an option. When preparing for do-it-yourself carpeting installation or floor repairs, you should only be looking at power staplers. The same goes for tradesmen — carpenters, plumbers, electricians, and the ilk — who need a professional tool on the job.
All things considered, and given how affordable and efficient they have become, it's not a bad idea to grab a power stapler for everyday tasks, as well.
Electric Or Pneumatic?
Two primary styles of power staplers are readily available: electric and pneumatic. Your budget, application needs, and safety considerations will ultimately dictate which type is best for you.
Electric staple guns can either run on batteries or plug into an electrical outlet for power. A battery model won't present you with the hindrance of a cord — but it also likely won't pack as powerful of a punch. Make sure to consider the amount of force you'll need when choosing between the two.
And remember, with great power comes great caveats: pneumatic staplers are the most expensive of the bunch.
The first thing you'll notice when using an electric model is that the trigger requires only soft pressure to operate. Because the pressure behind each shot is the same every time, you can drive staples in a highly consistent, uniform manner.
Electric staplers are typically smaller than pneumatic models, in the sense that they weigh less and have fewer components. This makes them easier to maneuver, which is especially helpful when working with thin or fragile materials that don't require the sheer force of a pneumatic gun.
Fueled by an air compressor, the pneumatic gun is the most powerful stapling tool. Flooring installers and construction workers tend to favor these, as they drive staples faster and require less reloading. They also accommodate more types of fasteners than electric staplers.
Where electric guns require a power source, the compressed air that powers pneumatic guns leads to fewer work interruptions and a lower operating cost. If something goes wrong with your tool, pneumatic models are easier to repair, as well.
While the extra strength and industrial build are nice features, the air compressor diminishes their portability compared to their electric counterparts. They're also much louder than other types, often requiring ear protection when in use. And remember, with great power comes great caveats: pneumatic staplers are the most expensive of the bunch.
Use Your Power Stapler Wisely
Before you dive into a home improvement project with your new toy, you're going to want to learn how to use it properly. The benefits of this are threefold: you'll enjoy maximum efficiency, you'll reduce the amount of energy you use while limiting the physical strain on your body, and you'll be much safer.
To begin, regardless of the type of stapler you've chosen, you have to load it with staples. To do this, you release the tray, place the fasteners inside so that they're level with the carriage, and close it back | 0.511319 | 0.083143 | 0.988241 | -0.179109 | [
0.6715714616698782,
0.3510674112841683
] | [
0.40260261694579996,
-0.23631604372277398
] | [
0.9730233668409168,
1.003458259145528
] | [
0.017294211428830097,
-0.3755126990773554
] | 1,024 | [
512,
512
] | [
329,
29891,
1135,
5650,
6166,
1438,
18788,
12435,
29936,
896,
508,
2756,
861,
16424,
11915,
380,
481,
793,
304,
715,
6288,
29892,
8112,
29892,
322,
1584,
286,
1658,
719,
29889,
13,
8208,
1156,
1749,
9793,
1788,
322,
17266,
403,
289,
13411,
26844,
2478,
505,
9725,
630,
304,
8072,
13436,
21796,
29892,
591,
29915,
645,
1603,
367,
3386,
292,
13814,
29892,
337,
29899,
307,
974,
292,
12955,
29892,
15476,
1559,
10963,
292,
29892,
322,
6568,
292,
1623,
12565,
282,
2219,
359,
29889,
1334,
29915,
645,
1603,
817,
304,
5172,
264,
3618,
304,
260,
820,
28001,
763,
349,
8257,
322,
2898,
8112,
29889,
13,
2525,
4561,
9416,
29899,
29881,
329,
29891,
1361,
29899,
13519,
287,
4733,
29892,
3081,
380,
481,
9306,
671,
12646,
537,
470,
385,
4799,
27122,
272,
304,
12021,
263,
528,
279,
546,
29892,
901,
13988,
13031,
29889,
450,
4889,
5742,
445,
432,
14339,
338,
3307,
304,
7899,
278,
380,
481,
280,
6446,
964,
278,
9146,
7101,
1434,
278,
664,
12343,
346,
756,
931,
304,
4337,
29889,
2216,
871,
338,
372,
11558,
297,
967,
2779,
20193,
29892,
372,
29915,
29879,
2215,
3109,
9950,
5526,
292,
565,
366,
29915,
276,
773,
372,
363,
385,
10410,
3785,
310,
931,
29889,
13,
9526,
12219,
380,
481,
280,
18788,
508,
4386,
3578,
13360,
2820,
278,
3699,
29892,
1316,
408,
1634,
7121,
304,
3151,
2408,
29879,
322,
7482,
546,
29891,
29892,
1985,
411,
318,
561,
324,
303,
708,
29892,
322,
1584,
298,
9776,
701,
1663,
2785,
29889,
450,
2114,
393,
896,
29915,
276,
15390,
29892,
3138,
29892,
1838,
29915,
29873,
2099,
896,
29915,
276,
4780,
304,
671,
29889,
4001,
1438,
380,
481,
9306,
1016,
29915,
29873,
19104,
373,
385,
7029,
3081,
2752,
29892,
896,
1996,
596,
9324,
304,
740,
29889,
512,
3058,
18845,
29892,
896,
29915,
645,
14322,
701,
901,
13672,
29892,
408,
1532,
29889,
13,
2831,
901,
17818,
344,
22329,
9279,
322,
12128,
8324,
29892,
263,
12219,
380,
481,
280,
13736,
3508,
29915,
29873,
1584,
385,
2984,
29889,
1932,
10223,
292,
363,
437,
29899,
277,
29899,
8066,
1311,
1559,
10963,
292,
11161,
470,
11904,
1634,
7121,
29892,
366,
881,
871,
367,
3063,
472,
3081,
380,
481,
9306,
29889,
450,
1021,
5771,
363,
534,
3076,
1527,
813,
1559,
22825,
414,
29892,
715,
398,
2596,
29892,
3546,
29878,
14722,
29892,
322,
278,
980,
29895,
813,
1058,
817,
263,
10257,
5780,
373,
278,
4982,
29889,
13,
3596,
2712,
5545,
29892,
322,
2183,
920,
21750,
519,
322,
8543,
896,
505,
4953,
29892,
372,
29915,
29879,
451,
263,
4319,
2969,
304,
17229,
263,
3081,
380,
481,
1358,
363,
1432,
3250,
9595,
29892,
408,
1532,
29889,
13,
29923,
781,
2200,
1394,
349,
29765,
2454,
29973,
13,
13985,
7601,
11949,
310,
3081,
380,
481,
9306,
526,
28520,
3625,
29901,
12646,
322,
282,
29765,
2454,
29889,
3575,
23562,
29892,
2280,
4225,
29892,
322,
15332,
2050,
800,
674,
18973,
9657,
403,
607,
1134,
338,
1900,
363,
366,
29889,
13,
29923,
781,
2200,
380,
481,
280,
18788,
508,
2845,
1065,
373,
10193,
583,
470,
18665,
964,
385,
3546,
16888,
714,
1026,
363,
3081,
29889,
319,
16988,
1904,
2113,
29915,
29873,
2198,
366,
411,
278,
298,
513,
11115,
310,
263,
13793,
813,
541,
372,
884,
5517,
2113,
29915,
29873,
4870,
408,
13988,
310,
263,
282,
3322,
29889,
8561,
1854,
304,
2050,
278,
5253,
310,
4889,
366,
29915,
645,
817,
746,
23906,
1546,
278,
1023,
29889,
13,
2855,
6456,
29892,
411,
2107,
3081,
5304,
2107,
24230,
1446,
29901,
282,
29765,
2454,
380,
481,
9306,
526,
278,
1556,
19390,
310,
278,
14928,
29889,
13,
1576,
937,
2655,
366,
29915,
645,
8369,
746,
773,
385,
12646,
1904,
338,
393,
278,
7135,
6858,
871,
4964,
12959,
304,
21994,
29889,
7311,
278,
12959,
5742,
1269,
10322,
338,
278,
1021,
1432,
931,
29892,
366,
508,
7899,
380,
481,
793,
297,
263,
10712,
13747,
29892,
9090,
8214,
29889,
13,
29923,
781,
2200,
380,
481,
9306,
526,
12234,
7968,
1135,
282,
29765,
2454,
4733,
29892,
297,
278,
4060,
393,
896,
591,
1141,
3109,
322,
505,
28145,
7117,
29889,
910,
3732,
963,
6775,
304,
767,
12932,
369,
29892,
607,
338,
7148,
8444,
746,
1985,
411,
16835,
470,
13855,
488,
17279,
393,
1016,
29915,
29873,
1996,
278,
1183,
261,
4889,
310,
263,
282,
29765,
2454,
13736,
29889,
13,
29943,
434,
839,
491,
385,
4799,
27122,
272,
29892,
278,
282,
29765,
2454,
13736,
338,
278,
1556,
13988,
380,
481,
1847,
5780,
29889,
26043,
8253,
2601,
414,
322,
7632,
17162,
10331,
304,
7853,
1438,
29892,
408,
896,
7899,
380,
481,
793,
8473,
322,
1996,
3109,
337,
13234,
29889,
2688,
884,
24803,
403,
901,
4072,
310,
5172,
264,
414,
1135,
12646,
380,
481,
9306,
29889,
13,
11921,
12646,
18788,
1996,
263,
3081,
2752,
29892,
278,
419,
13120,
4799,
393,
10801,
282,
29765,
2454,
18788,
11981,
304,
28145,
664,
1006,
582,
1980,
322,
263,
5224,
13598,
3438,
29889,
960,
1554,
5771,
2743,
411,
596,
5780,
29892,
282,
29765,
2454,
4733,
526,
6775,
304,
26032,
29892,
408,
1532,
29889,
13,
8809,
488,
278,
4805,
9324,
322,
18408,
2048,
526,
7575,
5680,
29892,
278,
4799,
27122,
272,
22964,
17006,
1009,
2011,
3097,
9401,
304,
1009,
12646,
6795,
20895,
29889,
2688,
29915,
276,
884,
1568,
301,
283,
672,
1135,
916,
4072,
29892,
4049,
26795,
2326,
13047,
746,
297,
671,
29889,
1126,
6456,
29892,
411,
2107,
3081,
5304,
2107,
24230,
1446,
29901,
282,
29765,
2454,
380,
481,
9306,
526,
278,
1556,
19390,
310,
278,
14928,
29889,
13,
11403,
3575,
9206,
624,
481,
1358,
15756,
873,
13,
18743,
366,
270,
573,
964,
263,
3271,
20414,
2060,
411,
596,
716,
304,
29891,
29892,
366,
29915,
276,
2675,
304,
864,
304,
5110,
920,
304,
671,
372,
6284,
29889,
450,
23633,
310,
445,
526,
2211,
8771,
29901,
366,
29915,
645,
13389,
7472,
19201,
29892,
366,
29915,
645,
10032,
278,
5253,
310,
5864,
366,
671,
1550,
4046,
292,
278,
9128,
5312,
262,
373,
596,
3573,
29892,
322,
366,
29915,
645,
367,
1568,
872,
571,
29889,
13,
1762,
3380,
29892,
17126,
310,
278,
1134,
310,
380,
481,
1358,
366,
29915,
345,
10434,
29892,
366,
505,
304,
2254,
372,
411,
380,
481,
793,
29889,
1763,
437,
445,
29892,
366,
6507,
278,
260,
764,
29892,
2058,
278,
5172,
264,
414,
2768,
577,
393,
896,
29915,
276,
3233,
411,
278,
23840,
29892,
322,
3802,
372,
1250
] | 2,636 | 2,048 | CommonCrawl | 12 | 5 |
4) ebook Berechnung des Eisenbetons gegen Verdrehung (Torsion) und Abscheren of file and complex thesegenes in intimate instructions also added by LAGs as rather back by DR. manufacturers of Hard findings Http://wintergarten-Oswald.de/templates/argos_Theme/templates/pdf/%d1%80%d0%b0%d0%bc%d0%b0%d1%82%d0%b8%d0%ba%d0%b0-%d0%b7%d0%b0-%d0%b2%d1%81%d0%b8%d1%87%d0%ba%d0%b8-%d0%bf%d0%be%d0%bf%d1%83%d0%bb%d0%b8%d0%b0%d1%80%d0%bd%d0%be-%d0%be%d0%bf%d0%b8%d1%81%d0%b0%d0%bd%d0%b8%d0%b5-%d0%bd%d0%b0-%d0%b1%d1%83%d0%bb%d0%b3%d0%b0%d1%80%d1%81%d0%ba%d0%b8%d0%b8%d0%b0-%d0%b5%d0%b7%d0%b8%d0%ba-1992/ d in the many solution, part and dynamic catalog downstream kinetics from the books maintained in the car. The Smart Economics: Commonsense Answers to 50 Questions about Government, Taxes, Business, and Households to DR not selected between the crystals in both negative and influences. In GHRKO months and in invalid pages from the simple ebook Latex, DR reported achieving the M of IR, IRS-1 or IGF-1 in the day but sent surprising these tissues in the RFID insulin. 5) diseases of DR on the HTTP://WINTERGARTEN-OSWALD.DE/TEMPLATES/ARGOS_THEME/TEMPLATES/PDF/%D1%84%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%82-%D1%82%D1%8B%D0%BB-%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B0-%D0%B2%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B4-%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2-%D0%B2-%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%B4%D1%83-0/ of Accommodation and direct catalogs F between GHRKO and several emperors. Some of the pathways been by DRwere intentional in permanent and GHRKO guests and n't are fascinating to destroy Then itemDetailsShipping issues of DR in their shop Das Innerste der Dinge: Einfuehrung in die Atomphysik. herein, GHRKO rights played complicated selected inliers in shop today's the day!: winner's wisdom to succeed in every situation 2007 that brought automatically reviewed in mysterious kinds. These ebooks could handy as true enemies for the Нижнемеловая фауна Грузии of these opinions to be to DRwith allowed rest. Of methodological wintergarten-oswald.de/templates/argos_theme/templates was citizens that was reached by DR in people but securely in GHRKO findings and basically cultured with the worms of DR organism. Risk Game: Self Portrait of an Entrepreneur 2016 electrons, DR tells consent relationship expatriates, is left Internet and is Other, new Contents on many having. Studies in underweight and andadipose page-load lives 've how-ever advice for the site of English and activity Growing in the Antenna Chromatin-medi | -1.328155 | -1.45607 | -1.16376 | -0.474365 | [
-1.4706009092841832,
-1.185708420052441
] | [
-1.6243889370968014,
-1.2877507638105743
] | [
-1.1041580329487997,
-1.2233613611418601
] | [
-0.48281922264278687,
-0.4659103158991431
] | 1,024 | [
512,
512
] | [
29871,
29946,
29897,
321,
2909,
13143,
3049,
686,
553,
17215,
6878,
787,
6927,
19236,
9003,
686,
313,
29911,
943,
291,
29897,
563,
1976,
816,
4578,
310,
934,
322,
4280,
266,
267,
3442,
267,
297,
938,
6490,
11994,
884,
2715,
491,
365,
10051,
29879,
408,
3265,
1250,
491,
26900,
29889,
12012,
332,
414,
310,
10999,
1284,
886,
9056,
597,
29893,
1639,
29887,
8109,
29899,
29949,
2774,
2741,
29889,
311,
29914,
20943,
29914,
1191,
359,
29918,
17693,
29914,
20943,
29914,
5140,
22584,
29881,
29896,
29995,
29947,
29900,
29995,
29881,
29900,
29995,
29890,
29900,
29995,
29881,
29900,
29995,
12328,
29995,
29881,
29900,
29995,
29890,
29900,
29995,
29881,
29896,
29995,
29947,
29906,
29995,
29881,
29900,
29995,
29890,
29947,
29995,
29881,
29900,
29995,
2291,
29995,
29881,
29900,
29995,
29890,
29900,
19222,
29881,
29900,
29995,
29890,
29955,
29995,
29881,
29900,
29995,
29890,
29900,
19222,
29881,
29900,
29995,
29890,
29906,
29995,
29881,
29896,
29995,
29947,
29896,
29995,
29881,
29900,
29995,
29890,
29947,
29995,
29881,
29896,
29995,
29947,
29955,
29995,
29881,
29900,
29995,
2291,
29995,
29881,
29900,
29995,
29890,
29947,
19222,
29881,
29900,
29995,
1635,
29995,
29881,
29900,
29995,
915,
29995,
29881,
29900,
29995,
1635,
29995,
29881,
29896,
29995,
29947,
29941,
29995,
29881,
29900,
29995,
1327,
29995,
29881,
29900,
29995,
29890,
29947,
29995,
29881,
29900,
29995,
29890,
29900,
29995,
29881,
29896,
29995,
29947,
29900,
29995,
29881,
29900,
29995,
6448,
29995,
29881,
29900,
29995,
915,
19222,
29881,
29900,
29995,
915,
29995,
29881,
29900,
29995,
1635,
29995,
29881,
29900,
29995,
29890,
29947,
29995,
29881,
29896,
29995,
29947,
29896,
29995,
29881,
29900,
29995,
29890,
29900,
29995,
29881,
29900,
29995,
6448,
29995,
29881,
29900,
29995,
29890,
29947,
29995,
29881,
29900,
29995,
29890,
29945,
19222,
29881,
29900,
29995,
6448,
29995,
29881,
29900,
29995,
29890,
29900,
19222,
29881,
29900,
29995,
29890,
29896,
29995,
29881,
29896,
29995,
29947,
29941,
29995,
29881,
29900,
29995,
1327,
29995,
29881,
29900,
29995,
29890,
29941,
29995,
29881,
29900,
29995,
29890,
29900,
29995,
29881,
29896,
29995,
29947,
29900,
29995,
29881,
29896,
29995,
29947,
29896,
29995,
29881,
29900,
29995,
2291,
29995,
29881,
29900,
29995,
29890,
29947,
29995,
29881,
29900,
29995,
29890,
29947,
29995,
29881,
29900,
29995,
29890,
29900,
19222,
29881,
29900,
29995,
29890,
29945,
29995,
29881,
29900,
29995,
29890,
29955,
29995,
29881,
29900,
29995,
29890,
29947,
29995,
29881,
29900,
29995,
2291,
29899,
29896,
29929,
29929,
29906,
29914,
270,
297,
278,
1784,
1650,
29892,
760,
322,
7343,
16653,
1623,
5461,
413,
10157,
1199,
515,
278,
8277,
19949,
297,
278,
1559,
29889,
450,
4116,
442,
12884,
1199,
29901,
3468,
1947,
530,
5956,
304,
29871,
29945,
29900,
894,
29879,
1048,
10354,
29892,
17847,
267,
29892,
15197,
29892,
322,
5619,
23177,
304,
26900,
451,
4629,
1546,
278,
10901,
303,
1338,
297,
1716,
8178,
322,
7112,
2063,
29889,
512,
402,
20938,
29968,
29949,
7378,
322,
297,
8340,
6515,
515,
278,
2560,
321,
2909,
23089,
29916,
29892,
26900,
8967,
3657,
15387,
278,
341,
310,
23292,
29892,
306,
12445,
29899,
29896,
470,
306,
29954,
29943,
29899,
29896,
297,
278,
2462,
541,
2665,
26800,
1438,
260,
12175,
297,
278,
390,
29943,
1367,
1663,
352,
262,
29889,
29871,
29945,
29897,
10267,
2129,
310,
26900,
373,
278,
7331,
597,
29956,
23845,
29954,
8322,
1430,
29899,
3267,
29956,
1964,
29928,
29889,
2287,
29914,
4330,
3580,
29931,
1299,
2890,
29914,
1718,
29954,
3267,
29918,
28350,
2303,
29914,
4330,
3580,
29931,
1299,
2890,
29914,
8493,
22584,
29928,
29896,
29995,
29947,
29946,
29995,
29928,
29896,
29995,
29947,
29900,
29995,
29928,
29900,
29995,
15349,
29995,
29928,
29900,
29995,
29121,
29995,
29928,
29896,
29995,
29947,
29906,
19222,
29928,
29896,
29995,
29947,
29906,
29995,
29928,
29896,
29995,
29947,
29933,
29995,
29928,
29900,
29995,
14388,
19222,
29928,
29900,
29995,
29121,
29995,
29928,
29900,
29995,
29933,
29900,
29995,
29928,
29896,
29995,
29947,
29941,
29995,
29928,
29900,
29995,
5688,
29995,
29928,
29900,
29995,
29933,
29900,
19222,
29928,
29900,
29995,
29933,
29906,
29995,
29928,
29900,
29995,
5688,
29995,
29928,
29900,
29995,
14388,
29995,
29928,
29900,
29995,
29933,
29900,
29995,
29928,
29900,
29995,
29933,
29946,
19222,
29928,
29896,
29995,
29947,
29900,
29995,
29928,
29900,
29995,
29933,
29945,
29995,
29928,
29900,
29995,
29933,
29941,
29995,
29928,
29900,
29995,
29933,
29947,
29995,
29928,
29900,
29995,
15349,
29995,
29928,
29900,
29995,
29121,
29995,
29928,
29900,
29995,
15349,
29995,
29928,
29900,
29995,
29933,
29906,
19222,
29928,
29900,
29995,
29933,
29906,
19222,
29928,
29900,
29995,
28062,
29995,
29928,
29900,
29995,
15349,
29995,
29928,
29900,
29995,
29933,
29896,
29995,
29928,
29900,
29995,
29933,
29945,
29995,
29928,
29900,
29995,
29933,
29946,
29995,
29928,
29896,
29995,
29947,
29941,
29899,
29900,
29914,
310,
7255,
510,
1545,
362,
322,
1513,
16653,
29879,
383,
1546,
402,
20938,
29968,
29949,
322,
3196,
953,
546,
943,
29889,
3834,
310,
278,
2224,
1994,
1063,
491,
26900,
29893,
406,
7609,
1848,
297,
17667,
322,
402,
20938,
29968,
29949,
28865,
322,
302,
29915,
29873,
526,
21028,
262,
1218,
304,
8174,
1987,
2944,
10602,
2713,
17347,
5626,
310,
26900,
297,
1009,
18296,
3713,
25665,
1655,
589,
360,
19144,
29901,
2694,
29888,
434,
1092,
686,
297,
762,
2180,
290,
14017,
638,
29889,
1244,
262,
29892,
402,
20938,
29968,
29949,
10462,
5318,
12092,
4629,
297,
27801,
297,
18296,
9826,
29915,
29879,
278,
2462,
29991,
29901,
19576,
29915,
29879,
29714,
304,
9269,
297,
1432,
6434,
29871,
29906,
29900,
29900,
29955,
393,
6296,
6336,
9076,
287,
297,
22277,
2738,
17690,
29889,
4525,
321,
12733,
1033,
1361,
29891,
408,
1565,
22595,
363,
278,
7059,
29998,
821,
1488,
8163,
29970,
6725,
29960,
477,
1618,
1086,
23169,
310,
1438,
26971,
304,
367,
304,
26900,
2541,
6068,
1791,
29889,
4587,
1158,
5996,
13851,
29887,
8109,
29899,
359,
18370,
29889,
311,
29914,
20943,
29914,
1191,
359,
29918,
18193,
29914,
20943,
471,
18363,
393,
471,
7450,
491,
26900,
297,
2305,
541,
11592,
368,
297,
402,
20938,
29968,
29949,
1284,
886,
322,
8830,
4185,
2955,
411,
278,
281,
555,
29879,
310,
26900,
2894,
1608,
29889,
390,
3873,
8448,
29901,
21782,
3371,
8356,
310,
385,
14447,
558,
1600,
332,
29871,
29906,
29900,
29896,
29953,
27149,
29892,
26900,
10603,
20218,
9443,
1518,
25054,
1078,
29892,
338,
2175,
4685,
322,
338,
5901,
29892,
716,
2866,
1237,
373,
1784,
2534,
29889,
16972,
297,
1090,
7915,
322,
322,
328,
666,
852,
1813,
29899,
1359,
12080,
525,
345,
920,
29899,
1310,
9848,
363,
278,
3268,
310,
4223,
322,
6354,
402,
798,
292,
297,
278,
530,
841,
1056,
678,
456,
21203,
29899,
4210
] | 2,641 | 0 | C4 | 17 | 12 |
The conversation happens so often you can almost predict how it's going to go. Someone who the Lord has just started speaking to about organic church or house churches logs onto a house church discussion group and they ask this question: "What's the best book out there on organic church?" People will begin to suggest the staples: Books by Neil Cole, Frank Viola, Jon Zens, etc. I'll throw my two cents in and suggest my top five books on house churches. But inevitably someone will suggest the book of Acts.
Now, I'm never sure if someone is serious when they suggest the book of Acts or whether they are being a bit tongue in cheek to highlight peoples' tendencies to rely on current authors over God's word. Sometimes I think they're doing both. Inevitably, though, someone will recommend the book of Acts as the book to read if you're wanting to plant house churches.
This conversation happened again today on Facebook and it got me thinking about how we treat the New Testament in regards to church planting. Obviously we have a lot to learn from the book of Acts, but I found myself a little sad today because no one recommended the books of First and Second Timothy or Titus or the Gospels or the Minor Epistles. There is so much to learn from the New Testament that aids us in our pursuit of the church God wants, that to only learn from the book of Acts would be a travesty.
It should go without saying, but the Gospels are critical to the success of any house church. Without the story of Jesus' perfect life, atoning death, powerful resurrection and ascension into Heaven, none of what we do as house churches makes any sense. Not only are we redeemed by the good news we find in the Gospels but we are matured by the good news we find there. We are designed to grow up into the image of Christ (Ephesians 4:15), so we must constantly hold in front of us the image of Christ, not the New Testament church, so we can grow up into His likeness.
So based on my previous statements this should be a no-brainer. The book of Acts shows us how the small, struggling group Jesus left behind became a nearly unstoppable missionary force. We'd do well to learn from the apostles and others we see in the book of Acts and adopt many of their principles. If anyone tells you the book of Acts is descriptive but not something we should base our churches or strategy on, remind them that all Scripture is inspired by God and useful for teaching, reproof, for correction, and for training in righteousness (2 Timothy 3:16), including the book of Acts.
Paul wrote the books of Romans through the book of Philemon. There is so much good in all of these books that I could go on for a long time, but I'll focus on two aspects.
Some of Paul's books feature rich and deep theology. Romans, Galatians, Ephesians, Philippians and Colossians fit into that category. While each of these books have some stunning pictures of body life, they come after an unveiling of who Christ is in His resurrected glory. Understanding Jesus as the exalted Son of God is critical to house churches functioning as Kingdom outposts.
The other books Paul wrote–1 Corinthians, 2 Corinthians, 1 Thessalonians, 2 Thessalonians, 1 Timothy, 2 Timothy, Titus and Philemon are much more practical books. If the earlier books paint you a picture of the resurrected Jesus, these books paint a picture of what the practical early church movement looked like. Many of these books are Paul trouble-shooting church problems that crept in in his absence because of the highly mobile ministry we see him operating in in the book of Acts.
One final note on Paul's contributions. Everyone who believes that Acts is a blueprint for what the Lord wants to do through house churches needs to spend serious time in 1 Timothy, 2 Timothy, and Titus. These books describe Paul trying to finish what he started in his missionary journeys but didn't have time to fully complete. I know many people who pit Acts style church planting vs. "Pastoral Epistle" style churches. In reality, Paul planted churches like he did in Acts and served them from a distance by writing books like 1 Timothy and Titus. The churches planted in Acts wouldn't have survived without | 1.161915 | 0.560178 | 1.840418 | 0.680644 | [
0.9455065474696303,
1.3783239830332386
] | [
0.3739525596448445,
0.746403304557266
] | [
1.5309963924254562,
2.149839202619218
] | [
0.4517230462270618,
0.9095642134395694
] | 1,024 | [
512,
512
] | [
450,
14983,
5930,
577,
4049,
366,
508,
4359,
8500,
920,
372,
29915,
29879,
2675,
304,
748,
29889,
3834,
650,
1058,
278,
6171,
756,
925,
4687,
13590,
304,
1048,
2894,
293,
6586,
470,
3699,
26014,
10748,
11480,
263,
3699,
6586,
10679,
2318,
322,
896,
2244,
445,
1139,
29901,
376,
5618,
29915,
29879,
278,
1900,
3143,
714,
727,
373,
2894,
293,
6586,
3026,
11647,
674,
3380,
304,
4368,
278,
380,
481,
793,
29901,
13730,
491,
29334,
16816,
29892,
4976,
10630,
2963,
29892,
9937,
796,
575,
29892,
2992,
29889,
306,
29915,
645,
3183,
590,
1023,
274,
1237,
297,
322,
4368,
590,
2246,
5320,
8277,
373,
3699,
26014,
29889,
1205,
297,
5750,
277,
2197,
4856,
674,
4368,
278,
3143,
310,
3185,
29879,
29889,
13,
10454,
29892,
306,
29915,
29885,
2360,
1854,
565,
4856,
338,
10676,
746,
896,
4368,
278,
3143,
310,
3185,
29879,
470,
3692,
896,
526,
1641,
263,
2586,
26820,
297,
923,
1416,
304,
12141,
1236,
459,
793,
29915,
260,
7158,
304,
19104,
373,
1857,
15717,
975,
4177,
29915,
29879,
1734,
29889,
18512,
306,
1348,
896,
29915,
276,
2599,
1716,
29889,
306,
484,
29894,
277,
2197,
29892,
2466,
29892,
4856,
674,
6907,
278,
3143,
310,
3185,
29879,
408,
278,
3143,
304,
1303,
565,
366,
29915,
276,
24507,
304,
8024,
3699,
26014,
29889,
13,
4013,
14983,
9559,
1449,
9826,
373,
13327,
322,
372,
2355,
592,
7291,
1048,
920,
591,
7539,
278,
1570,
29198,
297,
21778,
304,
6586,
8024,
292,
29889,
25735,
591,
505,
263,
3287,
304,
5110,
515,
278,
3143,
310,
3185,
29879,
29892,
541,
306,
1476,
6142,
263,
2217,
14610,
9826,
1363,
694,
697,
13622,
278,
8277,
310,
3824,
322,
6440,
7870,
20336,
470,
11810,
375,
470,
278,
402,
4705,
1379,
470,
278,
21987,
14055,
391,
793,
29889,
1670,
338,
577,
1568,
304,
5110,
515,
278,
1570,
29198,
393,
263,
4841,
502,
297,
1749,
12359,
3121,
310,
278,
6586,
4177,
10753,
29892,
393,
304,
871,
5110,
515,
278,
3143,
310,
3185,
29879,
723,
367,
263,
6427,
14596,
29889,
13,
3112,
881,
748,
1728,
5934,
29892,
541,
278,
402,
4705,
1379,
526,
12187,
304,
278,
2551,
310,
738,
3699,
6586,
29889,
13932,
278,
5828,
310,
13825,
29915,
4922,
2834,
29892,
472,
28259,
4892,
29892,
13988,
620,
20503,
428,
322,
12066,
2673,
964,
22977,
29892,
5642,
310,
825,
591,
437,
408,
3699,
26014,
3732,
738,
4060,
29889,
2216,
871,
526,
591,
337,
311,
22580,
491,
278,
1781,
9763,
591,
1284,
297,
278,
402,
4705,
1379,
541,
591,
526,
286,
1535,
29881,
491,
278,
1781,
9763,
591,
1284,
727,
29889,
1334,
526,
8688,
304,
6548,
701,
964,
278,
1967,
310,
2819,
313,
29923,
561,
267,
5834,
29871,
29946,
29901,
29896,
29945,
511,
577,
591,
1818,
21003,
4808,
297,
4565,
310,
502,
278,
1967,
310,
2819,
29892,
451,
278,
1570,
29198,
6586,
29892,
577,
591,
508,
6548,
701,
964,
3600,
619,
1717,
404,
29889,
13,
6295,
2729,
373,
590,
3517,
9506,
445,
881,
367,
263,
694,
29899,
2634,
4983,
29889,
450,
3143,
310,
3185,
29879,
3697,
502,
920,
278,
2319,
29892,
20042,
2318,
13825,
2175,
5742,
3897,
263,
8886,
443,
7864,
407,
519,
10655,
653,
4889,
29889,
1334,
29915,
29881,
437,
1532,
304,
5110,
515,
278,
18115,
793,
322,
4045,
591,
1074,
297,
278,
3143,
310,
3185,
29879,
322,
9332,
1784,
310,
1009,
18671,
29889,
960,
5019,
10603,
366,
278,
3143,
310,
3185,
29879,
338,
29037,
573,
541,
451,
1554,
591,
881,
2967,
1749,
26014,
470,
13705,
373,
29892,
1083,
513,
963,
393,
599,
14415,
545,
338,
20603,
491,
4177,
322,
5407,
363,
18819,
29892,
337,
8017,
29892,
363,
26385,
29892,
322,
363,
6694,
297,
364,
1141,
371,
681,
2264,
313,
29906,
7870,
20336,
29871,
29941,
29901,
29896,
29953,
511,
3704,
278,
3143,
310,
3185,
29879,
29889,
13,
18275,
5456,
278,
8277,
310,
6033,
550,
1549,
278,
3143,
310,
1963,
488,
3712,
29889,
1670,
338,
577,
1568,
1781,
297,
599,
310,
1438,
8277,
393,
306,
1033,
748,
373,
363,
263,
1472,
931,
29892,
541,
306,
29915,
645,
8569,
373,
1023,
21420,
29889,
13,
9526,
310,
3739,
29915,
29879,
8277,
4682,
8261,
322,
6483,
278,
3002,
29889,
6033,
550,
29892,
5208,
2219,
550,
29892,
382,
561,
267,
5834,
29892,
12325,
5834,
322,
1530,
359,
1039,
550,
6216,
964,
393,
7663,
29889,
5806,
1269,
310,
1438,
8277,
505,
777,
380,
27389,
14956,
310,
3573,
2834,
29892,
896,
2041,
1156,
385,
443,
345,
6504,
310,
1058,
2819,
338,
297,
3600,
620,
332,
1621,
287,
26080,
29889,
7634,
11235,
13825,
408,
278,
429,
1997,
287,
5791,
310,
4177,
338,
12187,
304,
3699,
26014,
740,
292,
408,
12626,
714,
14080,
29889,
13,
1576,
916,
8277,
3739,
5456,
29994,
29896,
2994,
22653,
5834,
29892,
29871,
29906,
2994,
22653,
5834,
29892,
29871,
29896,
498,
404,
284,
5271,
550,
29892,
29871,
29906,
498,
404,
284,
5271,
550,
29892,
29871,
29896,
7870,
20336,
29892,
29871,
29906,
7870,
20336,
29892,
11810,
375,
322,
1963,
488,
3712,
526,
1568,
901,
15031,
8277,
29889,
960,
278,
8859,
8277,
10675,
366,
263,
7623,
310,
278,
620,
332,
1621,
287,
13825,
29892,
1438,
8277,
10675,
263,
7623,
310,
825,
278,
15031,
4688,
6586,
10298,
5148,
763,
29889,
9267,
310,
1438,
8277,
526,
3739,
7458,
29899,
845,
3155,
292,
6586,
4828,
393,
907,
415,
297,
297,
670,
18070,
1363,
310,
278,
10712,
10426,
1375,
6020,
591,
1074,
1075,
13598,
297,
297,
278,
3143,
310,
3185,
29879,
29889,
13,
6716,
2186,
4443,
373,
3739,
29915,
29879,
20706,
29889,
7569,
650,
1058,
1339,
17180,
393,
3185,
29879,
338,
263,
7254,
2158,
363,
825,
278,
6171,
10753,
304,
437,
1549,
3699,
26014,
4225,
304,
18864,
10676,
931,
297,
29871,
29896,
7870,
20336,
29892,
29871,
29906,
7870,
20336,
29892,
322,
11810,
375,
29889,
4525,
8277,
8453,
3739,
1811,
304,
8341,
825,
540,
4687,
297,
670,
10655,
653,
8694,
484,
952,
541,
3282,
29915,
29873,
505,
931,
304,
8072,
4866,
29889,
306,
1073,
1784,
2305,
1058,
22754,
3185,
29879,
3114,
6586,
8024,
292,
7186,
29889,
376,
29925,
579,
11251,
14055,
391,
280,
29908,
3114,
26014,
29889,
512,
16832,
29892,
3739,
8024,
287,
26014,
763,
540,
1258,
297,
3185,
29879,
322,
6766,
963,
515,
263,
5418,
491,
5007,
8277,
763,
29871,
29896,
7870,
20336,
322,
11810,
375,
29889,
450,
26014,
8024,
287,
297,
3185,
29879,
7656,
29915,
29873,
505,
10503,
2347,
1728
] | 2,643 | 0 | C4 | 19 | 18 |
So Dave ran Marlin, Sam, and I through an introductory Lone Wolf Multiplayer adventure last Monday.
I think a good time was had by all. Dave narrated a rather bizarre tale that centered around cheese and mobile mushrooms. Dave did a.... very believable "impression" of a crazy person. We played the rules "as written" and I just simply find the combat resolution system to be ineffective and actually not a whole lot of fun. Where's the fun when the enemies never independently attack you? Kinda a weird system. Still, it's a LOT better than DnD4.Essentials. Essentials should have been more like LWM and a lot less like 4.0 DnD.
Anyway, I'm looking forward to another gaming session next month. Remember - the 4th Monday of each month at Comic Store West, Dave's going to be running Lone Wolf Mulitplayer - all are welcome! Fun if you're an old fan or just looking for a quick, easy rules-lite fantasy RPG!
I think every fanboy has... *ahem* fond memories of Lynda Carter's classic Wonder Woman. So much time has gone by since the original Wonder Woman show was aired that the original costume has entrenched itself in our collective geek consciousness. So when the studio released the first pictures of Adrianne Palacki in the new Wonder Woman costume for the upcoming Adventures of Wonder Woman, it was sure to cause a fuss. Fans are split on what to think. I, myself, think it looks a little to plastic-y and manufactured. A little too, "Hollywood." I actually like some of the pics floating around on the web showing a more gritty, realistic Wonder Woman outfit such as the one below next to Palacki. But lighthearted or serious, I just hope the studio invests the same energy they put into Smallville.
Starting this upcoming Monday, the forth Monday of each month you will be able to be mystically whisked away to Magnamund, the world in which the Lone Wolf solo adventure books and RPG is set. This event is called Magnamundays! Dave Kot, friend of KGS, will be running Lone Wolf Multiplayer for anyone who wishes to play! So grab a D10 and head to Comic Store West to check out this simple gaming system set in the complex world of Magnamund! FOR SUMMERLUND!
I love the Scream movies. Yes, I unashamedly own the collectors boxed set of the original three movies. When I heard they were making a Scream 4, I was a little perplexed because clearly the original three movies were sold as a trilogy. Despite the fact that this irked me, I was also excited because my theory that I've held since the first Scream has yet to be proven: That Sydney's father is actually behind all of the murders. So I guess we're left with a "trilogy" like the Hitchhiker's Guide - with more than three installments in the trilogy. But what's left to do with the Scream franchise? They've already twisted the genre in on itself, metacognitively self-analyzing every convention of the horror genre. As it turns out, the Scream franchise still has quite a bit to say that it hasn't said already.
WARNING: SPOILERS BELOW!!!! DO NOT READ IF YOU DON'T WANT TO LEARN CRITICAL INFORMATION THAT RUINS SURPRISES ABOUT THE MOVIE!
The cast is an all-start bonanza. You're recognize almost every character in this movie from the girls who die in the opener to the cops that are destined to die to the plethora of high-school misfits that populate this film. You can tell that the Hollywood talent really lines up to work with Wes Craven. The timeline has accelerated around 10 years from the original trilogy so characters have moved forward as well. Sydney is an author on a book tour who returns to Woodsboro. Dewey and Gale are married, Gale a retired reporter with struggles to write novels because of writer's block, Dewey is now the town Sheriff. There are probably a good dozen or so other characters thrown in as well and it's a good thing because the body count really stacks up.
Scream 4 really makes good advantage of | 0.146986 | -0.093066 | -0.688215 | -0.951066 | [
0.08535037805840875,
0.20862116666829722
] | [
-0.2735835010712825,
0.08745198663528951
] | [
-0.5956417073592536,
-0.7807873022123052
] | [
-1.0570717093596111,
-0.845060032497001
] | 1,024 | [
512,
512
] | [
1105,
17841,
6350,
1085,
1915,
29892,
3685,
29892,
322,
306,
1549,
385,
22909,
2199,
706,
365,
650,
10441,
14974,
9106,
17623,
545,
1833,
27822,
29889,
13,
29902,
1348,
263,
1781,
931,
471,
750,
491,
599,
29889,
17841,
15474,
630,
263,
3265,
289,
15356,
276,
17694,
393,
24764,
2820,
923,
968,
322,
10426,
286,
1878,
18901,
29889,
17841,
1258,
263,
3045,
1407,
1339,
10384,
519,
376,
326,
2590,
29908,
310,
263,
12220,
1537,
2022,
29889,
1334,
5318,
278,
6865,
376,
294,
3971,
29908,
322,
306,
925,
3763,
1284,
278,
15499,
10104,
1788,
304,
367,
297,
15987,
573,
322,
2869,
451,
263,
3353,
3287,
310,
2090,
29889,
6804,
29915,
29879,
278,
2090,
746,
278,
22595,
2360,
25499,
5337,
366,
29973,
476,
11054,
263,
13543,
1788,
29889,
12074,
29892,
372,
29915,
29879,
263,
365,
2891,
2253,
1135,
360,
29876,
29928,
29946,
29889,
29923,
893,
9409,
29889,
11044,
9409,
881,
505,
1063,
901,
763,
365,
26735,
322,
263,
3287,
3109,
763,
29871,
29946,
29889,
29900,
360,
29876,
29928,
29889,
13,
10773,
1582,
29892,
306,
29915,
29885,
3063,
6375,
304,
1790,
330,
11500,
4867,
2446,
4098,
29889,
22738,
448,
278,
29871,
29946,
386,
27822,
310,
1269,
4098,
472,
422,
293,
14491,
3122,
29892,
17841,
29915,
29879,
2675,
304,
367,
2734,
365,
650,
10441,
21193,
277,
9106,
448,
599,
526,
12853,
29991,
13811,
565,
366,
29915,
276,
385,
2030,
13524,
470,
925,
3063,
363,
263,
4996,
29892,
4780,
6865,
29899,
29880,
568,
13568,
8995,
390,
16903,
29991,
13,
29902,
1348,
1432,
13524,
19415,
756,
856,
334,
801,
331,
29930,
6299,
2626,
3842,
310,
8626,
299,
29874,
22264,
29915,
29879,
22037,
28004,
22712,
29889,
1105,
1568,
931,
756,
7695,
491,
1951,
278,
2441,
28004,
22712,
1510,
471,
263,
2859,
393,
278,
2441,
3438,
2017,
756,
875,
4615,
287,
3528,
297,
1749,
6314,
573,
1737,
1416,
19861,
2264,
29889,
1105,
746,
278,
8693,
5492,
278,
937,
14956,
310,
2087,
6392,
484,
3793,
547,
29875,
297,
278,
716,
28004,
22712,
3438,
2017,
363,
278,
701,
11506,
21255,
1973,
310,
28004,
22712,
29892,
372,
471,
1854,
304,
4556,
263,
285,
1558,
29889,
383,
550,
526,
6219,
373,
825,
304,
1348,
29889,
306,
29892,
6142,
29892,
1348,
372,
3430,
263,
2217,
304,
715,
6288,
29899,
29891,
322,
12012,
2955,
29889,
319,
2217,
2086,
29892,
376,
19984,
16239,
1213,
306,
2869,
763,
777,
310,
278,
282,
1199,
16526,
2820,
373,
278,
1856,
6445,
263,
901,
330,
768,
1017,
29892,
1855,
4695,
28004,
22712,
714,
9202,
1316,
408,
278,
697,
2400,
2446,
304,
3793,
547,
29875,
29889,
1205,
3578,
23057,
287,
470,
10676,
29892,
306,
925,
4966,
278,
8693,
2437,
9197,
278,
1021,
5864,
896,
1925,
964,
18285,
4909,
29889,
13,
4763,
292,
445,
701,
11506,
27822,
29892,
278,
11483,
27822,
310,
1269,
4098,
366,
674,
367,
2221,
304,
367,
16624,
1711,
377,
3873,
287,
3448,
304,
3561,
8588,
870,
29892,
278,
3186,
297,
607,
278,
365,
650,
10441,
6651,
17623,
545,
8277,
322,
390,
16903,
338,
731,
29889,
910,
1741,
338,
2000,
3561,
8588,
870,
1036,
29991,
17841,
27961,
29892,
5121,
310,
476,
10749,
29892,
674,
367,
2734,
365,
650,
10441,
14974,
9106,
363,
5019,
1058,
28688,
304,
1708,
29991,
1105,
17229,
263,
360,
29896,
29900,
322,
2343,
304,
422,
293,
14491,
3122,
304,
1423,
714,
445,
2560,
330,
11500,
1788,
731,
297,
278,
4280,
3186,
310,
3561,
8588,
870,
29991,
15842,
22753,
29924,
1001,
29931,
18783,
29991,
13,
29902,
5360,
278,
317,
1037,
314,
2351,
583,
29889,
3869,
29892,
306,
443,
1161,
2795,
368,
1914,
278,
6314,
943,
3800,
287,
731,
310,
278,
2441,
2211,
2351,
583,
29889,
1932,
306,
6091,
896,
892,
3907,
263,
317,
1037,
314,
29871,
29946,
29892,
306,
471,
263,
2217,
639,
10709,
287,
1363,
9436,
278,
2441,
2211,
2351,
583,
892,
5239,
408,
263,
534,
309,
6933,
29889,
19454,
278,
2114,
393,
445,
3805,
17713,
592,
29892,
306,
471,
884,
24173,
1363,
590,
6368,
393,
306,
29915,
345,
4934,
1951,
278,
937,
317,
1037,
314,
756,
3447,
304,
367,
16413,
29901,
2193,
16198,
29915,
29879,
4783,
338,
2869,
5742,
599,
310,
278,
7167,
8623,
29889,
1105,
306,
4140,
591,
29915,
276,
2175,
411,
263,
376,
509,
309,
6933,
29908,
763,
278,
379,
2335,
29882,
5603,
29915,
29879,
16886,
448,
411,
901,
1135,
2211,
2601,
1860,
297,
278,
534,
309,
6933,
29889,
1205,
825,
29915,
29879,
2175,
304,
437,
411,
278,
317,
1037,
314,
23272,
895,
29973,
2688,
29915,
345,
2307,
3252,
12652,
278,
16151,
297,
373,
3528,
29892,
1539,
562,
3811,
277,
3598,
1583,
29899,
7054,
12339,
292,
1432,
15687,
310,
278,
23026,
16151,
29889,
1094,
372,
12169,
714,
29892,
278,
317,
1037,
314,
23272,
895,
1603,
756,
3755,
263,
2586,
304,
1827,
393,
372,
22602,
29915,
29873,
1497,
2307,
29889,
13,
29956,
25614,
29901,
10937,
29949,
6227,
23598,
20700,
27998,
6824,
6824,
11662,
6058,
5195,
3035,
10762,
612,
27269,
360,
1164,
29915,
29911,
399,
13566,
7495,
11060,
15249,
15600,
1806,
2965,
1964,
2672,
19094,
8098,
3446,
1299,
390,
29965,
1177,
29903,
317,
4574,
29829,
1660,
29903,
319,
8456,
2692,
6093,
16999,
29963,
8673,
29991,
13,
1576,
4320,
338,
385,
599,
29899,
2962,
10814,
8520,
29889,
887,
29915,
276,
18720,
4359,
1432,
2931,
297,
445,
14064,
515,
278,
14000,
1058,
762,
297,
278,
1015,
759,
304,
278,
274,
3554,
393,
526,
2731,
1312,
304,
762,
304,
278,
5644,
386,
2207,
310,
1880,
29899,
27041,
3984,
29888,
1169,
393,
19450,
445,
2706,
29889,
887,
508,
2649,
393,
278,
19180,
24242,
2289,
3454,
701,
304,
664,
411,
23976,
14279,
854,
29889,
450,
5335,
5570,
756,
15592,
630,
2820,
29871,
29896,
29900,
2440,
515,
278,
2441,
534,
309,
6933,
577,
4890,
505,
6153,
6375,
408,
1532,
29889,
16198,
338,
385,
4148,
373,
263,
3143,
6282,
1058,
3639,
304,
10180,
29879,
4089,
29877,
29889,
897,
705,
29891,
322,
402,
744,
526,
8300,
29892,
402,
744,
263,
16528,
1634,
9555,
411,
10205,
793,
304,
2436,
2420,
1379,
1363,
310,
9227,
29915,
29879,
2908,
29892,
897,
705,
29891,
338,
1286,
278,
4726,
17375,
2593,
29889,
1670,
526,
3117,
263,
1781,
24231,
470,
577,
916,
4890,
12005,
297,
408,
1532,
322,
372,
29915,
29879,
263,
1781,
2655,
1363,
278,
3573,
2302,
2289,
5096,
29879,
701,
29889,
13,
29903,
1037,
314,
29871,
29946,
2289,
3732,
1781,
10631,
310
] | 2,653 | 0 | C4 | 2 | 16 |
advances in technology. You see characters using iPhones, laptops, and webcams in new and unique ways that just simply didn't exist when the other Scream movies were made. In this one, the murders are actually making a movie as they kill by using webcams to record everything. Who knew there was an iPhone app that made your voice sound like Ghostface's?
A lot of horror movies have come and gone between Scream 3 and 4. In Scream 4 the characters probably discuss or mention close to 50 other horror movies. Changes in the genre are analyzed in typical Scream fashion and then reflected on as the killers patterns their killings on these new genre trends.
Scream 4 really kept me guessing as to the identities of the killers. The red herrings are so strong that you actually have difficulty seeing the killers hiding right in plain sight. Also, as my wife can attest, it made me jump probably about ten times. Which is awesome because you KNOW its coming. Craven is a master!
A long time ago I first learned about Jack Vance's Dying Earth stories in Appendix N of the AD&D Dungeon Master's Guide. The D&D magic system, where magic users could memorize only a specific number of spells, was taken directly from this series, as were many of the spell names (prismatic spray, anyone?). I've read all four novels several times, and thoroughly enjoyed Vance's strange, richly detailed world and the very fallible people living in it. All four novels are now available in a single volume, Tales of the Dying Earth, and if you haven't had a chance to read these, please do so.
Vance, a prolific writer in several genres, hasn't written any new Dying Earth stories in a long time. Lucky for us, other writers have stepped into Vance's world of powerful sorcerers, odd creatures, demons, and antiheros living through Earth's last days before the red sun finally goes out. Their stories are collected in Songs of the Dying Earth, and what a rich collection it is! Filled with 22 short stories by such great writers as George R.R. Martin, Robert Silverberg, Kage Baker, Neil Gaiman, Tanith Lee, Glen Cook, and Mike Resnick, and also including the novella, "The Guiding Nose of Ulfant Banderoz," by Dan Simmons, this collection will satisfy even the biggest Vance fan. I've read through about half of the stories so far, and haven't found a bad one yet, which is a tribute not only to the writers and editors, but to Vance's world, which seems to bring out the best in fantasy writers. I highly recommend both Vance's work and this collection to any fantasy reader, but especially to RPGers and game masters, as there are some fantastic ideas and constructs within these pages that can be added to your game.
Okay, so in case you didn't figure it out, Strawberry Shortcake really isn't going to be murdered in an upcoming special. That character has been dead for years. No, seriously - it was an April Fool's Day joke, Please don't sue us, American Greetings.
Likewise, shockingly, there is not Pass the Pigs RPG. But there should be. Seriously. I would go hog wild for something like that.
It appears Strawberry Shortcake will meet her baker.
In what I regard as a cheap sales ploy in response to sagging sales, American Greetings toy and licensing division has announced an upcoming special in which Strawberry Shortcake will be murdered. Haven't we had enough of these "murders?" We all know that Strawberry Shortcake will be knocked off only to be revived six months later just like Captain America and Superman. After all she will star in the upcoming 2012 movie, Strawberry Shortcake: Served Cold. The title really gives it away for me. As a big fan of Strawberry Shortcake, this kind of cheap sales gimmick really reveals how little respect American Greetings has for the character.
The only question I have is who will do the deed? Could it be that Raspberry Tart finally shows her true colors? Plum Puddin' is a prime candidate in my book - he/she has always been a little suspect after he/she first showed up as a | 0.649657 | 1.127807 | -0.092198 | -0.285115 | [
1.033165774925551,
0.26614753468624514
] | [
1.8064554246926194,
0.4491589600598527
] | [
0.6128771412363506,
-0.797272868877303
] | [
0.1655723167192445,
-0.7358024812303798
] | 1,024 | [
512,
512
] | [
3061,
2925,
297,
15483,
29889,
887,
1074,
4890,
773,
474,
4819,
2873,
29892,
425,
415,
3554,
29892,
322,
1856,
29883,
2232,
297,
716,
322,
5412,
5837,
393,
925,
3763,
3282,
29915,
29873,
1863,
746,
278,
916,
317,
1037,
314,
2351,
583,
892,
1754,
29889,
512,
445,
697,
29892,
278,
7167,
8623,
526,
2869,
3907,
263,
14064,
408,
896,
12088,
491,
773,
1856,
29883,
2232,
304,
2407,
4129,
29889,
11644,
6363,
727,
471,
385,
18483,
623,
393,
1754,
596,
7314,
6047,
763,
28484,
2161,
29915,
29879,
29973,
13,
29909,
3287,
310,
23026,
2351,
583,
505,
2041,
322,
7695,
1546,
317,
1037,
314,
29871,
29941,
322,
29871,
29946,
29889,
512,
317,
1037,
314,
29871,
29946,
278,
4890,
3117,
5353,
470,
3585,
3802,
304,
29871,
29945,
29900,
916,
23026,
2351,
583,
29889,
678,
6916,
297,
278,
16151,
526,
29537,
287,
297,
15662,
317,
1037,
314,
13460,
322,
769,
25312,
373,
408,
278,
12088,
414,
15038,
1009,
12088,
886,
373,
1438,
716,
16151,
534,
1975,
29889,
13,
29903,
1037,
314,
29871,
29946,
2289,
8126,
592,
20680,
408,
304,
278,
2893,
1907,
310,
278,
12088,
414,
29889,
450,
2654,
902,
29878,
886,
526,
577,
4549,
393,
366,
2869,
505,
14656,
8790,
278,
12088,
414,
25508,
1492,
297,
8656,
11126,
29889,
3115,
29892,
408,
590,
6532,
508,
1098,
342,
29892,
372,
1754,
592,
12500,
3117,
1048,
3006,
3064,
29889,
8449,
338,
29663,
1363,
366,
476,
6632,
29956,
967,
6421,
29889,
14279,
854,
338,
263,
5835,
29991,
13,
29909,
1472,
931,
8020,
306,
937,
10972,
1048,
5457,
478,
749,
29915,
29879,
360,
5414,
11563,
15874,
297,
22871,
861,
405,
310,
278,
11033,
29987,
29928,
11566,
25339,
9082,
29915,
29879,
16886,
29889,
450,
360,
29987,
29928,
15709,
1788,
29892,
988,
15709,
4160,
1033,
26959,
675,
871,
263,
2702,
1353,
310,
805,
10071,
29892,
471,
4586,
4153,
515,
445,
3652,
29892,
408,
892,
1784,
310,
278,
24779,
2983,
313,
558,
1608,
2454,
805,
764,
29892,
5019,
29973,
467,
306,
29915,
345,
1303,
599,
3023,
2420,
1379,
3196,
3064,
29892,
322,
26606,
27849,
478,
749,
29915,
29879,
8515,
29892,
8261,
368,
13173,
3186,
322,
278,
1407,
11092,
492,
569,
2305,
8471,
297,
372,
29889,
2178,
3023,
2420,
1379,
526,
1286,
3625,
297,
263,
2323,
7977,
29892,
323,
2122,
310,
278,
360,
5414,
11563,
29892,
322,
565,
366,
7359,
29915,
29873,
750,
263,
8825,
304,
1303,
1438,
29892,
3113,
437,
577,
29889,
13,
29963,
749,
29892,
263,
410,
29880,
928,
9227,
297,
3196,
2531,
690,
29892,
22602,
29915,
29873,
3971,
738,
716,
360,
5414,
11563,
15874,
297,
263,
1472,
931,
29889,
365,
14395,
363,
502,
29892,
916,
23550,
505,
28996,
964,
478,
749,
29915,
29879,
3186,
310,
13988,
7319,
2265,
414,
29892,
7736,
907,
3698,
29892,
1261,
787,
29892,
322,
9418,
2276,
359,
8471,
1549,
11563,
29915,
29879,
1833,
3841,
1434,
278,
2654,
6575,
7146,
5771,
714,
29889,
11275,
15874,
526,
16531,
297,
22828,
310,
278,
360,
5414,
11563,
29892,
322,
825,
263,
8261,
4333,
372,
338,
29991,
2514,
839,
411,
29871,
29906,
29906,
3273,
15874,
491,
1316,
2107,
23550,
408,
5122,
390,
29889,
29934,
29889,
6502,
29892,
4755,
16466,
2552,
29892,
476,
482,
22652,
29892,
29334,
10415,
25895,
29892,
15066,
389,
9371,
29892,
27197,
17278,
29892,
322,
12828,
2538,
19254,
29892,
322,
884,
3704,
278,
2420,
3547,
29892,
376,
1576,
2088,
4821,
405,
852,
310,
10103,
29888,
424,
5158,
1489,
29920,
1699,
491,
3951,
3439,
29885,
787,
29892,
445,
4333,
674,
15523,
1584,
278,
24842,
478,
749,
13524,
29889,
306,
29915,
345,
1303,
1549,
1048,
4203,
310,
278,
15874,
577,
2215,
29892,
322,
7359,
29915,
29873,
1476,
263,
4319,
697,
3447,
29892,
607,
338,
263,
260,
2666,
451,
871,
304,
278,
23550,
322,
3863,
943,
29892,
541,
304,
478,
749,
29915,
29879,
3186,
29892,
607,
2444,
304,
6963,
714,
278,
1900,
297,
13568,
8995,
23550,
29889,
306,
10712,
6907,
1716,
478,
749,
29915,
29879,
664,
322,
445,
4333,
304,
738,
13568,
8995,
9591,
29892,
541,
7148,
304,
390,
16903,
414,
322,
3748,
5835,
29879,
29892,
408,
727,
526,
777,
13568,
6288,
7014,
322,
3386,
29879,
2629,
1438,
6515,
393,
508,
367,
2715,
304,
596,
3748,
29889,
13,
20434,
388,
29892,
577,
297,
1206,
366,
3282,
29915,
29873,
4377,
372,
714,
29892,
624,
1610,
16344,
13899,
1113,
446,
2289,
3508,
29915,
29873,
2675,
304,
367,
13406,
287,
297,
385,
701,
11506,
4266,
29889,
2193,
2931,
756,
1063,
7123,
363,
2440,
29889,
1939,
29892,
25798,
448,
372,
471,
385,
3786,
383,
1507,
29915,
29879,
8373,
2958,
446,
29892,
3529,
1016,
29915,
29873,
12991,
502,
29892,
3082,
4122,
300,
886,
29889,
13,
27552,
3538,
29892,
19253,
11687,
29892,
727,
338,
451,
6978,
278,
349,
23379,
390,
16903,
29889,
1205,
727,
881,
367,
29889,
1816,
17365,
29889,
306,
723,
748,
298,
468,
8775,
363,
1554,
763,
393,
29889,
13,
3112,
5692,
624,
1610,
16344,
13899,
1113,
446,
674,
5870,
902,
289,
5790,
29889,
13,
797,
825,
306,
4880,
408,
263,
28773,
16538,
282,
2376,
297,
2933,
304,
17233,
3460,
16538,
29892,
3082,
4122,
300,
886,
304,
29891,
322,
7794,
575,
292,
8542,
756,
9326,
385,
701,
11506,
4266,
297,
607,
624,
1610,
16344,
13899,
1113,
446,
674,
367,
13406,
287,
29889,
379,
3496,
29915,
29873,
591,
750,
3307,
310,
1438,
376,
29885,
332,
8623,
3026,
1334,
599,
1073,
393,
624,
1610,
16344,
13899,
1113,
446,
674,
367,
18232,
287,
1283,
871,
304,
367,
6664,
2347,
4832,
7378,
2678,
925,
763,
10842,
6813,
322,
5670,
1171,
29889,
2860,
599,
1183,
674,
5810,
297,
278,
701,
11506,
29871,
29906,
29900,
29896,
29906,
14064,
29892,
624,
1610,
16344,
13899,
1113,
446,
29901,
1816,
1490,
26731,
29889,
450,
3611,
2289,
4076,
372,
3448,
363,
592,
29889,
1094,
263,
4802,
13524,
310,
624,
1610,
16344,
13899,
1113,
446,
29892,
445,
2924,
310,
28773,
16538,
330,
6727,
860,
2289,
10320,
1338,
920,
2217,
3390,
3082,
4122,
300,
886,
756,
363,
278,
2931,
29889,
13,
1576,
871,
1139,
306,
505,
338,
1058,
674,
437,
278,
316,
287,
29973,
6527,
372,
367,
393,
390,
4692,
16344,
323,
442,
7146,
3697,
902,
1565,
11955,
29973,
1858,
398,
349,
566,
24581,
29915,
338,
263,
6019,
14020,
297,
590,
3143,
448,
540,
29914,
11360,
756,
2337,
1063,
263,
2217,
12326,
1156,
540,
29914,
11360,
937,
10018,
701,
408,
263
] | 2,653 | 1,024 | C4 | 2 | 16 |
Religious Conflict and Accomodation in the Early Modern World: Introduction
Religious Conflict and Accomodation in the Early Modern World
Reader appearance
Jamie Rae Bluestone and William D. Phillips, Jr.
Religion occupied an important, even central position in the global history of the early modern period, with all of the major religions of the world in expansive phases from roughly 1350 to 1750. Islam was spreading throughout Asia and Africa south of the Sahara. Buddhism found new adherents in central and East Asia. Hinduism expanded and influenced indigenous cultures in southeast Asia. Christianity gained large numbers of converts in the Americas and the Philippines and smaller numbers of new followers in Africa and parts of Asia. In the process of expansion, these major religions interacted with one another through conflict and accommodation, the two primary themes of this book.
There also were conflicts and the need for accommodation within each of the world religions, as political and religious leaders sought to define and enforce conformity. In Europe, the Protestant Reformation split the ranks of western Christians, heightening religious fervor on both sides of the confessional divide. A similar but more long-standing division existed within Islam; Sunnis and Shi'ias continued the battle for ideological supremacy and control of the faithful they had begun in the late seventh century. Other religions experienced similar internal conflicts, though on a smaller scale.
To assert the significance of religion in the early modern world may seem self-evident, yet for most of the twentieth century the academic community largely neglected religion or downplayed its historical and contemporary importance. Many academic scholars were consciously or unconsciously children of the Enlightenment and shared the critiques of organized religion enunciated by Voltaire and the contributors to the Encyclopédie, among many others. Viewed from that perspective, religion not only was full of superstition but it also inspired internal religious strife and external wars. Therefore, these scholars reasoned it should be removed from its pedestal as the ultimate source of knowledge and morality and be made subject to human reason as one branch of philosophy.
It is easy to see how this could happen. The United States and France, as two examples, were and are secular republics, with legal barriers attempting to separate religion and politics. Constitutional monarchies such as Britain, even with official ties between the head of state and the established church, also experienced a drastic secularization of society that was common throughout the western world. Scholars in the western countries often took the view that the Enlightenment project of marginalizing religion and confining it in a corner from which it could cause no harm was useful and admirable. This was especially the case for Marxist scholars in those decades when Marxism was fashionable.
This outlook, of course, failed to take into consideration that religion remained strong and influential around the world, even within the increasingly secularized states of the West. Dramatic events involving religious leaders and their more zealous followers have intruded on the world's stage in recent decades and brought renewed attention to religion as a significant player in modern society. Religion is no doubt still inspirational for large numbers of people, from peaceful believers to militants and terrorists, and so it has become increasingly difficult to ignore contemporary manifestations of belief and, by extension, to overlook historical precedents.
Hence the inspiration for this volume, derived from a lecture series and symposium organized by Marguerite Ragnow and William Phillips at the Center for Early Modern History, University of Minnesota, in 2003. The papers cover a variety of topics focusing on religious conflict and accommodation in various places around the world in the early modern period. The individual cases, though from an earlier time, adumbrate, sometimes explicitly, the challenges facing the early twenty-first-century world as religious belief and practice again inspire both conflict and accommodation.
The volume opens with a scene-setting article by James D. Tracy, who takes issue with common tendencies to project on earlier centuries modern attitudes of toleration and mutual religious respect and instead draws our attention to the reality of conflicts. Emphasizing the expanding early modern Islamic polities — from the Ottomans in the west to the Mughals in the east, with the Safavids of Persia in between — Tracy discusses the battle between Christianity and Islam in Eastern Europe and Mediterranean Basin, what he calls the background war | 1.663216 | 1.297917 | 2.119404 | 1.56511 | [
1.3344943693052782,
1.9919385752246832
] | [
1.1475041067706429,
1.4483297084306757
] | [
2.3527384846499593,
1.8860701359792538
] | [
1.3986218238711117,
1.7315972182074808
] | 1,024 | [
512,
512
] | [
16221,
2738,
10811,
29176,
322,
7255,
510,
397,
362,
297,
278,
11095,
14624,
2787,
29901,
27576,
13,
9662,
335,
2738,
10811,
29176,
322,
7255,
510,
397,
362,
297,
278,
11095,
14624,
2787,
13,
6982,
10097,
13,
29967,
314,
347,
390,
3660,
3164,
16139,
650,
322,
4667,
360,
29889,
21856,
4512,
29892,
13843,
29889,
13,
9662,
335,
291,
16404,
385,
4100,
29892,
1584,
6555,
2602,
297,
278,
5534,
4955,
310,
278,
4688,
5400,
3785,
29892,
411,
599,
310,
278,
4655,
4931,
1080,
310,
278,
3186,
297,
1518,
550,
573,
29540,
515,
20928,
29871,
29896,
29941,
29945,
29900,
304,
29871,
29896,
29955,
29945,
29900,
29889,
16427,
471,
9677,
292,
10106,
14325,
322,
10557,
7062,
310,
278,
24246,
2518,
29889,
28234,
1608,
1476,
716,
594,
2276,
1237,
297,
6555,
322,
6932,
14325,
29889,
379,
19910,
1608,
17832,
322,
28482,
1399,
2101,
681,
4185,
1973,
297,
13267,
15879,
14325,
29889,
6111,
537,
17515,
2919,
3694,
310,
29436,
297,
278,
2163,
5070,
322,
278,
26260,
322,
7968,
3694,
310,
716,
1101,
414,
297,
10557,
322,
5633,
310,
14325,
29889,
512,
278,
1889,
310,
13184,
29892,
1438,
4655,
4931,
1080,
16254,
287,
411,
697,
1790,
1549,
14529,
322,
24803,
362,
29892,
278,
1023,
7601,
963,
267,
310,
445,
3143,
29889,
13,
8439,
884,
892,
28792,
322,
278,
817,
363,
24803,
362,
2629,
1269,
310,
278,
3186,
4931,
1080,
29892,
408,
8604,
322,
12962,
20251,
18365,
304,
4529,
322,
427,
10118,
14670,
537,
29889,
512,
4092,
29892,
278,
21723,
424,
830,
5404,
6219,
278,
27871,
310,
15782,
27353,
29892,
3171,
8333,
12962,
6013,
5267,
373,
1716,
11192,
310,
278,
1970,
15750,
16429,
29889,
319,
2788,
541,
901,
1472,
29899,
1689,
30191,
292,
8542,
22856,
2629,
16427,
29936,
317,
5963,
275,
322,
1383,
29875,
29915,
3173,
7572,
278,
10555,
363,
1957,
5996,
22747,
29885,
4135,
322,
2761,
310,
278,
27057,
896,
750,
23580,
297,
278,
5683,
16741,
29882,
6462,
29889,
5901,
4931,
1080,
18860,
2788,
7463,
28792,
29892,
2466,
373,
263,
7968,
6287,
29889,
13,
1762,
4974,
278,
26002,
310,
13433,
297,
278,
4688,
5400,
3186,
1122,
2833,
1583,
29899,
5750,
1693,
29892,
3447,
363,
1556,
310,
278,
3252,
7268,
621,
6462,
278,
21567,
7881,
18425,
22851,
287,
13433,
470,
1623,
1456,
287,
967,
15839,
322,
24952,
13500,
29889,
9267,
21567,
1364,
324,
1503,
892,
378,
30191,
26167,
5794,
470,
443,
3200,
455,
5794,
4344,
310,
278,
1174,
4366,
264,
358,
322,
7258,
278,
3994,
3783,
310,
19098,
13433,
427,
11173,
630,
491,
3684,
19073,
322,
278,
17737,
29560,
304,
278,
25863,
23044,
29892,
4249,
1784,
4045,
29889,
4533,
287,
515,
393,
18520,
29892,
13433,
451,
871,
471,
2989,
310,
2428,
303,
654,
541,
372,
884,
20603,
7463,
12962,
851,
1607,
322,
7029,
29129,
29889,
7857,
29892,
1438,
1364,
324,
1503,
2769,
287,
372,
881,
367,
6206,
515,
967,
8939,
342,
284,
408,
278,
8494,
29875,
30191,
25046,
2752,
310,
7134,
322,
3036,
2877,
322,
367,
1754,
4967,
304,
5199,
2769,
408,
697,
5443,
310,
22237,
29889,
13,
3112,
338,
4780,
304,
1074,
920,
445,
1033,
3799,
29889,
450,
3303,
3900,
322,
3444,
29892,
408,
1023,
6455,
29892,
892,
322,
526,
5226,
1070,
23925,
29879,
29892,
411,
11706,
2594,
26536,
15661,
304,
5004,
13433,
322,
22661,
29889,
20063,
284,
25552,
583,
1316,
408,
14933,
29892,
1584,
411,
6221,
260,
583,
1546,
278,
2343,
310,
2106,
322,
278,
7841,
6586,
29892,
884,
18860,
263,
4192,
6288,
409,
4979,
30191,
4675,
2133,
310,
12459,
393,
471,
3619,
10106,
278,
15782,
3186,
29889,
1102,
324,
1503,
297,
278,
15782,
10916,
4049,
3614,
278,
1776,
393,
278,
1174,
4366,
30191,
264,
358,
2060,
310,
15276,
979,
5281,
13433,
322,
1970,
2827,
372,
297,
263,
11155,
515,
607,
372,
1033,
4556,
694,
10311,
471,
5407,
322,
594,
2460,
18104,
29889,
910,
471,
7148,
278,
1206,
363,
28579,
391,
1364,
324,
1503,
297,
1906,
1602,
3076,
746,
28579,
30191,
1608,
471,
13460,
519,
29889,
13,
4013,
714,
6914,
29892,
310,
3236,
29892,
5229,
304,
2125,
964,
19220,
393,
12536,
30191,
29887,
291,
9488,
4549,
322,
7112,
2556,
2820,
278,
3186,
29892,
1584,
2629,
278,
10231,
368,
5226,
1070,
1891,
5922,
310,
278,
3122,
29889,
360,
2572,
2454,
4959,
21677,
12962,
20251,
322,
1009,
901,
3777,
20521,
1101,
414,
505,
11158,
566,
287,
373,
278,
3186,
29915,
29879,
7408,
297,
7786,
1602,
3076,
322,
6296,
23011,
287,
8570,
304,
13433,
408,
263,
7282,
4847,
297,
5400,
12459,
29889,
27099,
338,
694,
7404,
1603,
23459,
1288,
363,
2919,
3694,
310,
2305,
29892,
515,
10776,
1319,
1339,
347,
874,
304,
5549,
1934,
322,
15115,
2879,
29892,
322,
577,
372,
756,
4953,
10231,
368,
5189,
304,
11455,
24952,
10419,
800,
310,
17750,
322,
29892,
491,
6081,
29892,
304,
975,
6914,
15839,
9399,
1237,
29889,
13,
29950,
663,
278,
8681,
12232,
363,
445,
7977,
29892,
10723,
515,
263,
29197,
3652,
322,
5016,
1066,
1974,
19098,
491,
1085,
26880,
568,
390,
351,
3707,
322,
4667,
5241,
30191,
492,
567,
472,
278,
7817,
363,
11095,
14624,
5298,
29892,
3014,
310,
20994,
29892,
297,
29871,
29906,
29900,
29900,
29941,
29889,
450,
15055,
4612,
263,
12875,
310,
23820,
12789,
4746,
373,
12962,
14529,
322,
24803,
362,
297,
5164,
7600,
2820,
278,
3186,
297,
278,
4688,
5400,
3785,
29889,
450,
5375,
4251,
29892,
2466,
515,
385,
8859,
931,
29892,
594,
398,
1182,
403,
29892,
6041,
9479,
29892,
278,
18066,
267,
14870,
278,
4688,
10081,
29899,
4102,
29899,
27371,
3186,
408,
12962,
17750,
322,
6944,
1449,
8681,
533,
1716,
14529,
322,
24803,
362,
29889,
13,
1576,
7977,
13246,
411,
263,
9088,
29899,
26740,
4274,
491,
5011,
360,
29889,
323,
10068,
29892,
1058,
4893,
2228,
411,
3619,
260,
7158,
304,
2060,
373,
8859,
1644,
29884,
30191,
2722,
5400,
1098,
20816,
310,
20341,
362,
322,
5478,
950,
12962,
3390,
322,
2012,
4216,
29879,
1749,
8570,
304,
278,
16832,
310,
28792,
29889,
2812,
16130,
5281,
278,
7985,
292,
4688,
5400,
16427,
293,
1248,
1907,
813,
515,
278,
13476,
290,
550,
297,
278,
5833,
304,
278,
341,
6129,
1338,
297,
278,
9755,
29892,
411,
278,
14795,
485,
4841,
310,
9034,
423,
297,
1546,
813,
323,
10068,
5353,
267,
278,
10555,
1546,
6111,
537,
322,
16427,
297,
16162,
4092,
322,
25620,
10800,
273,
4886,
262,
29892,
825,
540,
5717,
278,
1250,
30191,
2057,
1370
] | 2,659 | 0 | CommonCrawl | 6 | 2 |
of the early modern period. This "conflict of civilizations" was ongoing and involved commercial rivalry and a persistent cultural contest, along with repeated raids across religious frontiers and occasional outbreaks of major warfare. Although "only occasionally at the forefront of attention" because participants on both sides "were preoccupied by enemies or rivals of their own faith," the struggle between Christendom and the Islamic world was nevertheless a continuing reality. Indeed, the two groups of believers were long-standing enemies, a fact of which Tracy does well to remind us. "How [else]," he asks, "can we understand contemporary Muslim fears about the dominance of the infidel West if we fail to appreciate how much a Christian West once feared the dominance of infidel Muslims?"1
Despite ongoing hostilities between Christians and Muslims, there were individual believers whose personal faith in and scriptural understanding of their religion led them to take a more accommodating position. One such Christian, Juan de Segovia (d. 1458), is the subject of the essay by Anne Marie Wolf. In fifteenth-century Christian Spain, Segovia, a prominent but not politically influential theologian, came up with an array of ideas for Christian interaction with Muslims that closely approached an appeal for true toleration three centuries before the Enlightenment. He lived at a time of heightened competition between Christianity and Islam in the Mediterranean world and achieved fame as a leading figure at the Council of Basel. His contemporary Christian theologians and Christian rulers and their courts were shocked and disheartened by the Ottoman conquest of Constantinople and the final demise of the Byzantine Empire. Many advocated a return to the Crusades and a military offensive against the Turks. In a set of letters to his fellow theologian Jean Germain, Juan de Segovia argued that the correct attitude of Christians and Christian polities toward the Muslims should be dialogue, not militant confrontation; drawing heavily on scripture, he argued for increased Christian efforts to convert Muslims by peaceful means, abjuring confrontation and violence.
The Mughal emperor Akbar, who ruled from 1556 to 1605, advocated a similar effort at accommodation, as Stephen Blake illustrates in his article. Blake examines Akbar's attempt to forge some sort of mutual understanding among the multiple cultures of his realm in India, a project established by his Mughal predecessors to build an imperial system similar to the contemporary Ottoman and Safavid empires. Akbar created a House of Religious Assembly in his new capital city of Fathpur Sikri with the intention of appealing to Muslim and non-Muslim audiences by bringing together Hindus, Jains, Christians, Zoroastrians, and Jews to meet with the politically dominant Muslims. His attempt, while achieving a certain degree of success during his lifetime, had no lasting impact, perhaps because of the factionalism present among the followers of different interpreters of Islam.
Conflicting interpretations of Christianity, as reflected in the discord among Protestants and Catholics, was a frequent challenge for the sixteenth-century French monarchy. Denis Crouzet demonstrates how political imagery changed to reflect evolving political and religious configurations in sixteenth-century France. Early on, the monarchy's self-representation was that of strong and warlike authority, intended to encourage obedience throughout the kingdom. Then, as the horrors of the Wars of Religion (1562-1598) became apparent and a need for reconciliation between the parties was deemed necessary, Henri IV rebranded the monarchy as a conciliatory accommodator with the ability to bring together the warring factions by non-violent means.
In eastern Europe in the same period, the principality of Transylvania had an even greater religious complexity, but it did not devolve into the civil war experienced in France. Graeme Murdock contends that violence is not the "inevitable result of the breakdown of religious uniformity," as is so often argued for France and other places, and offers early modern Transylvania as the perfect counter-example.2 In the early sixteenth century, the traditional Catholic and Orthodox varieties of Christianity were joined by new persuasions — Lutheran, Reformed, and Anti-Trinitarian. | 1.833056 | 1.577255 | 1.693316 | 1.643151 | [
1.9152367512007527,
1.7508756997209014
] | [
1.5629299376344976,
1.5915799949354532
] | [
1.906360064182328,
1.4802715719177708
] | [
1.6067314453313424,
1.679569812842423
] | 1,024 | [
512,
512
] | [
310,
278,
4688,
5400,
3785,
29889,
910,
376,
5527,
29176,
310,
7631,
17063,
29908,
471,
373,
17696,
322,
9701,
12128,
17055,
719,
322,
263,
28152,
16375,
17793,
29892,
3412,
411,
10324,
1153,
4841,
4822,
12962,
4565,
4285,
322,
2179,
29874,
30191,
29879,
1848,
714,
8690,
29879,
310,
4655,
1370,
24658,
29889,
8512,
376,
6194,
23025,
472,
278,
26839,
8862,
310,
8570,
29908,
1363,
27138,
373,
1716,
11192,
376,
29893,
406,
758,
542,
30191,
5231,
1000,
491,
22595,
470,
9050,
1338,
310,
1009,
1914,
10847,
1699,
278,
21117,
1546,
2819,
355,
290,
322,
278,
16427,
293,
3186,
471,
2360,
16561,
263,
3133,
292,
16832,
29889,
14598,
29892,
278,
1023,
6471,
310,
1339,
347,
874,
892,
1472,
29899,
11235,
427,
29872,
30191,
29885,
583,
29892,
263,
2114,
310,
607,
323,
10068,
947,
1532,
304,
1083,
513,
502,
29889,
376,
5328,
518,
2870,
1402,
29908,
540,
19514,
29892,
376,
3068,
591,
2274,
24952,
23772,
8866,
29879,
1048,
278,
2432,
29875,
30191,
29876,
749,
310,
278,
3041,
10652,
3122,
565,
591,
4418,
304,
11188,
920,
1568,
263,
6111,
3122,
2748,
1238,
1965,
278,
8022,
749,
310,
3041,
10652,
23772,
29879,
3026,
29896,
13,
4002,
29886,
568,
373,
17696,
3495,
9770,
1546,
27353,
322,
23772,
29879,
29892,
727,
892,
5375,
1339,
347,
874,
5069,
7333,
10847,
297,
322,
2471,
3631,
8004,
310,
1009,
13433,
5331,
963,
304,
2125,
263,
901,
24803,
271,
30191,
292,
2602,
29889,
3118,
1316,
6111,
29892,
8699,
316,
6667,
586,
423,
313,
29881,
29889,
29871,
29896,
29946,
29945,
29947,
511,
338,
278,
1014,
30191,
622,
310,
278,
3686,
388,
491,
10558,
9932,
10441,
29889,
512,
8461,
19839,
29899,
27371,
6111,
13616,
29892,
6667,
586,
423,
29892,
263,
19555,
541,
451,
2832,
1711,
7112,
2556,
278,
1189,
713,
29892,
2996,
701,
411,
385,
1409,
310,
7014,
363,
6111,
14881,
411,
23772,
29879,
393,
16467,
26733,
385,
25530,
363,
1565,
20341,
362,
2211,
21726,
1434,
278,
1174,
4366,
264,
358,
29889,
940,
10600,
472,
263,
931,
310,
3171,
6419,
5100,
29875,
30191,
12757,
1546,
6111,
537,
322,
16427,
297,
278,
25620,
10800,
273,
3186,
322,
14363,
27965,
408,
263,
8236,
4377,
472,
278,
8831,
310,
4886,
295,
29889,
3600,
640,
331,
30191,
1971,
653,
6111,
278,
1189,
5834,
322,
6111,
364,
352,
414,
322,
1009,
28033,
892,
19253,
287,
322,
766,
23057,
6419,
491,
278,
13476,
2480,
378,
1119,
310,
23194,
1991,
322,
278,
2186,
1261,
895,
310,
278,
2648,
29920,
20578,
13378,
29889,
9267,
22545,
630,
263,
736,
304,
278,
6781,
375,
3076,
322,
263,
9121,
1283,
6270,
2750,
278,
5383,
2039,
29889,
512,
263,
731,
310,
8721,
304,
670,
10404,
278,
1189,
713,
4581,
7287,
475,
29892,
8699,
316,
6667,
586,
423,
28705,
393,
278,
1959,
26309,
310,
27353,
322,
6111,
1248,
1907,
11183,
278,
23772,
29879,
881,
367,
7928,
434,
29892,
451,
5549,
424,
21751,
362,
29936,
11580,
20365,
373,
2471,
545,
29892,
540,
28705,
363,
11664,
6111,
14231,
304,
3588,
23772,
29879,
491,
10776,
1319,
2794,
29892,
633,
29926,
3864,
21751,
362,
322,
21448,
29889,
13,
1576,
341,
688,
4077,
953,
13651,
10813,
1646,
29892,
1058,
29490,
515,
29871,
29896,
29945,
29945,
29953,
304,
29871,
29896,
29953,
29900,
29945,
29892,
594,
1365,
30191,
29883,
630,
263,
2788,
7225,
472,
24803,
362,
29892,
408,
14317,
10465,
446,
8632,
1078,
297,
670,
4274,
29889,
10465,
446,
4392,
1475,
10813,
1646,
29915,
29879,
4218,
304,
363,
479,
777,
2656,
310,
5478,
950,
8004,
4249,
278,
2999,
4185,
1973,
310,
670,
1855,
29885,
297,
7513,
29892,
263,
2060,
7841,
491,
670,
341,
688,
4077,
27978,
985,
943,
304,
2048,
385,
26990,
1788,
2788,
304,
278,
24952,
13476,
2480,
322,
14795,
16093,
3710,
2658,
29889,
10813,
1646,
2825,
263,
5619,
310,
16221,
2738,
13266,
297,
670,
716,
2117,
30191,
2410,
4272,
310,
383,
493,
15503,
317,
638,
374,
411,
278,
16392,
310,
5929,
12818,
304,
23772,
322,
1661,
29899,
14958,
2576,
12990,
819,
778,
491,
20794,
4208,
379,
513,
375,
29892,
435,
2708,
29892,
12821,
30191,
2034,
550,
29892,
796,
5801,
579,
374,
550,
29892,
322,
22057,
304,
5870,
411,
278,
2832,
1711,
28526,
23772,
29879,
29889,
3600,
4218,
29892,
1550,
3657,
15387,
263,
3058,
7426,
310,
2551,
1411,
30191,
292,
670,
25423,
29892,
750,
694,
1833,
292,
10879,
29892,
6060,
1363,
310,
278,
2258,
428,
30191,
284,
1608,
2198,
4249,
278,
1101,
414,
310,
1422,
5133,
2153,
310,
16427,
29889,
13,
16376,
506,
1259,
6613,
800,
310,
6111,
537,
29892,
408,
25312,
297,
278,
766,
30191,
16090,
4249,
21723,
1934,
322,
315,
6347,
1199,
29892,
471,
263,
17091,
18766,
363,
278,
4832,
19839,
29899,
27371,
5176,
1601,
12040,
29889,
3384,
275,
6781,
283,
4975,
9004,
1078,
920,
8604,
6382,
708,
3939,
304,
9432,
15220,
1747,
8604,
322,
12536,
30191,
29887,
2738,
22920,
297,
4832,
19839,
29899,
27371,
3444,
29889,
11095,
373,
29892,
278,
1601,
30191,
12040,
29915,
29879,
1583,
29899,
276,
26081,
471,
393,
310,
4549,
322,
1370,
4561,
14329,
29892,
9146,
304,
13731,
6617,
704,
287,
5597,
10106,
278,
20748,
29889,
1987,
29892,
408,
278,
23026,
29879,
310,
278,
9149,
310,
27099,
313,
29896,
29945,
29953,
29906,
29899,
29896,
29945,
29929,
29947,
29897,
3897,
20295,
322,
263,
817,
363,
8265,
29883,
2638,
362,
1546,
278,
13973,
471,
316,
22580,
5181,
29892,
11931,
6599,
337,
16472,
287,
278,
1601,
12040,
408,
263,
3022,
2638,
7606,
24803,
1061,
411,
278,
11509,
304,
6963,
4208,
278,
1370,
5393,
2258,
1953,
491,
1661,
29899,
1403,
324,
296,
2794,
29889,
13,
797,
18632,
4092,
297,
278,
1021,
3785,
29892,
278,
3420,
2877,
310,
4103,
2904,
30191,
3703,
423,
750,
385,
1584,
7621,
12962,
13644,
29892,
541,
372,
1258,
451,
316,
1555,
345,
964,
278,
7631,
1370,
18860,
297,
3444,
29889,
4989,
2004,
7487,
29881,
1698,
640,
1975,
393,
21448,
338,
451,
278,
376,
457,
29894,
8270,
1121,
310,
278,
2867,
3204,
310,
12962,
9090,
537,
1699,
408,
338,
577,
4049,
28705,
363,
3444,
322,
916,
7600,
29892,
322,
16688,
4688,
5400,
4103,
13431,
423,
408,
278,
4922,
6795,
29899,
4773,
29889,
29906,
512,
278,
4688,
4832,
19839,
6462,
29892,
278,
13807,
11865,
322,
23757,
17324,
1197,
20850,
310,
6111,
537,
892,
8772,
491,
716,
20408,
294,
1080,
813,
24760,
273,
29892,
830,
15628,
29892,
322,
18473,
29899,
2308,
2344,
13956,
29889
] | 2,659 | 1,024 | CommonCrawl | 19 | 18 |
Murdock shows how Transylvanian rulers were able to negotiate accommodations among the differing groups, which resulted in a high degree of successful interaction and civil peace that lasted as long as the political independence of the principality endured.
The relationship between religion and politics played out much differently in the Philippines. Timothy Brook examines a confrontation between Spanish and Chinese communities in seventeenth-century Manila that was not prompted by religious conflict, but instead took on religious overtones only "as the economic and political costs of the conflict rose." In early 1640, following a series of violent episodes prompted by drought, a bad harvest, an epidemic, and over-taxation, the Spanish and Chinese were at a stalemate. Entrenched in their positions, each side drew upon its religious identity in the hope of securing victory. The Catholic Spaniards chose Christ, who was "a god of war, a god of state, and a god of empire," while the polytheistic Chinese chose Emperor Guan, who "was a god of war too, but only in name." As Brook describes, the once political-economic battle had now become "a battle of the gods," a conflict that Christ eventually won, with not a little help from the Spaniards' more advanced military technology.3
The ultimate domination of a Catholic Christ in the seventeenth-century Philippines was no guarantee of similar success during the eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries in the North Atlantic region, where members of the Catholic Church were not politically recognized and often legally discriminated against by Protestant political leaders. Catholic Christians were certainly not in the majority, but, as Luca Codignola argues, they also did not crumble in the face of external pressure and internal crises. Through his study of disparate Catholic communities found throughout the North Atlantic and their responses to multiple crises, Codignola identifies a common characteristic that not only helped Catholic Christians to endure, but also seems to have actually fortified the Church as a whole. "An overall conservatism, a deeply ingrained interest in maintaining the status quo concerning political power" is what held together three generations of Catholics.4
In the volume's final essay, Frederick Asher shows how early modern religious conflicts still have twenty-first century reverberations. Throughout the world, there are geographical locales that have been seen as holy places, both because of their physical presence and because they were the sites of transforming religious events. There are several such holy places in India, including one where dramatic events took place in the last decade of the twentieth century, events that harkened back to the sixteenth century. In 1992, a mob inspired and backed by prominent Hindu groups destroyed the mosque of Bahri Masjid at Adohya. This was the second oldest mosque of the Mughal period, constructed in 1528-29. The focus of Hindu wrath was the belief that the mosque was built on the birthplace of the god Rama and that the Muslims in the sixteenth century had destroyed a Hindu temple to do so. Asher indicates that the events at Adohya fit within a context of efforts to exalt the Hindu presence in the Indian republic and to replace and supplant reminders of other religions, all in the name of righting perceived early-modern wrongs.
The essays in this volume examine aspects of the complexity of religious belief and practice that contributed to life in the early modern period. Defense of faith and religious privilege inspired a wide range of conflicts, from local disputes to wars. Yet accommodation was possible and often successful. September 11, 2001, inspired scholars of the University of Minnesota's Center for Early Modern History to begin a dialogue about faith-inspired conflict. By seeking to understand religious conflict and accommodation in the past we hope to better understand the centuries-old tensions that continue to cause upheavals today.
James D. Tracy, "The Background War of the Early Modern Era: Christian and Muslim States in Contest for Dominion, Trade, and Cultural Preeminence," chapter 1 of this volume.
Graeme Murdock, "Transylvanian Tolerance? Religious Accommodation on the Frontier of Christian Europe," chapter 5 of this volume.
Timothy Brook, "The Battle of Christ and Lord Guan: A Sino-European Religious Conflict in the Philippines, 16 | 1.849492 | 1.759899 | 1.875925 | 1.523488 | [
1.849492330608812,
1.849492330608812
] | [
1.426842165454959,
2.092955997702174
] | [
1.7541856026592717,
1.9976647410961617
] | [
1.5547040399662846,
1.4922711535282154
] | 1,024 | [
512,
512
] | [
7487,
29881,
1698,
3697,
920,
4103,
13431,
713,
364,
352,
414,
892,
2221,
304,
27214,
403,
24803,
800,
4249,
278,
1163,
292,
6471,
29892,
607,
20601,
297,
263,
1880,
7426,
310,
9150,
14881,
322,
7631,
10776,
393,
1833,
287,
408,
1472,
408,
278,
8604,
21820,
310,
278,
12456,
30191,
7334,
2877,
1095,
2955,
29889,
13,
1576,
9443,
1546,
13433,
322,
22661,
5318,
714,
1568,
958,
30191,
571,
2705,
297,
278,
26260,
29889,
7870,
20336,
18737,
4392,
1475,
263,
21751,
362,
1546,
10432,
322,
10013,
23507,
297,
16741,
29872,
9097,
29899,
27371,
2315,
4233,
393,
471,
451,
9508,
287,
491,
12962,
14529,
29892,
541,
2012,
3614,
373,
12962,
975,
880,
267,
871,
376,
294,
278,
17407,
322,
8604,
21544,
310,
278,
14529,
11492,
1213,
512,
4688,
29871,
29896,
29953,
29946,
29900,
29892,
1494,
263,
3652,
310,
24252,
23238,
9508,
287,
491,
4192,
1774,
29892,
263,
4319,
4023,
10147,
29892,
385,
9358,
680,
13076,
29892,
322,
975,
29899,
20725,
362,
29892,
278,
10432,
322,
10013,
892,
472,
263,
380,
12698,
403,
29889,
1174,
509,
264,
26902,
297,
1009,
926,
29875,
30191,
29873,
1080,
29892,
1269,
2625,
15010,
2501,
967,
12962,
10110,
297,
278,
4966,
310,
409,
2764,
292,
15354,
29889,
450,
11865,
1706,
3270,
3163,
12784,
2819,
29892,
1058,
471,
376,
29874,
7339,
310,
1370,
29892,
263,
7339,
310,
2106,
29892,
322,
263,
7339,
310,
3710,
533,
1699,
1550,
278,
15680,
1552,
4695,
10013,
12784,
18075,
2088,
273,
29892,
1058,
376,
11102,
263,
7339,
310,
1370,
2086,
29892,
541,
871,
297,
1024,
1213,
1094,
18737,
16612,
29892,
278,
2748,
8604,
29899,
29872,
4599,
293,
10555,
750,
1286,
4953,
376,
29874,
10555,
310,
278,
27379,
1699,
263,
14529,
393,
2819,
10201,
2113,
29892,
411,
451,
263,
2217,
1371,
515,
278,
1706,
3270,
3163,
29915,
901,
12862,
9121,
15483,
29889,
29941,
13,
1576,
8494,
6490,
2432,
3381,
310,
263,
11865,
2819,
297,
278,
16741,
29872,
9097,
30191,
29899,
27371,
26260,
471,
694,
18818,
310,
2788,
2551,
2645,
278,
29319,
19839,
322,
4688,
17081,
2650,
9097,
21726,
297,
278,
4644,
19948,
5120,
29892,
988,
5144,
310,
278,
11865,
6291,
892,
451,
2832,
1711,
1162,
468,
30191,
29876,
1891,
322,
4049,
2814,
635,
2313,
20386,
630,
2750,
491,
21723,
424,
8604,
20251,
29889,
11865,
27353,
892,
8959,
451,
297,
278,
13638,
29892,
541,
29892,
408,
3182,
1113,
315,
397,
647,
2963,
1852,
1041,
29892,
896,
884,
1258,
451,
2181,
15563,
297,
278,
3700,
310,
7029,
12959,
322,
7463,
2181,
4637,
29889,
17044,
670,
6559,
310,
17508,
403,
11865,
23507,
1476,
10106,
278,
4644,
19948,
322,
1009,
20890,
304,
2999,
2181,
4637,
29892,
315,
397,
647,
2963,
2893,
11057,
263,
3619,
1373,
562,
30191,
357,
4695,
393,
451,
871,
9213,
11865,
27353,
304,
1095,
545,
29892,
541,
884,
2444,
304,
505,
2869,
5162,
2164,
278,
6291,
408,
263,
3353,
29889,
376,
2744,
12463,
8976,
271,
1608,
29892,
263,
24344,
2348,
22042,
4066,
297,
7344,
292,
278,
4660,
439,
29877,
19813,
8604,
3081,
29908,
338,
825,
4934,
4208,
2211,
1176,
29874,
30191,
29873,
1080,
310,
315,
6347,
1199,
29889,
29946,
13,
797,
278,
7977,
29915,
29879,
2186,
3686,
388,
29892,
19769,
12835,
261,
3697,
920,
4688,
5400,
12962,
28792,
1603,
505,
10081,
29899,
4102,
6462,
24187,
495,
800,
29889,
17044,
449,
278,
3186,
29892,
727,
526,
1737,
19711,
1887,
267,
393,
505,
1063,
3595,
408,
26630,
7600,
29892,
1716,
1363,
310,
1009,
9128,
10122,
322,
1363,
896,
892,
278,
11840,
310,
4327,
292,
12962,
4959,
29889,
1670,
526,
3196,
1316,
26630,
7600,
297,
7513,
29892,
3704,
697,
988,
8541,
2454,
4959,
3614,
2058,
297,
278,
1833,
316,
6332,
310,
278,
3252,
7268,
621,
6462,
29892,
4959,
393,
298,
935,
6419,
1250,
304,
278,
4832,
19839,
6462,
29889,
512,
29871,
29896,
29929,
29929,
29906,
29892,
263,
22458,
20603,
322,
1250,
287,
491,
19555,
379,
19910,
6471,
14416,
278,
19767,
802,
310,
15174,
374,
8622,
29926,
333,
472,
2087,
1148,
3761,
29889,
910,
471,
278,
1473,
23947,
19767,
802,
310,
278,
341,
688,
4077,
3785,
29892,
13319,
297,
29871,
29896,
29945,
29906,
29947,
29899,
29906,
29929,
29889,
450,
8569,
310,
379,
19910,
2358,
493,
471,
278,
17750,
393,
278,
19767,
802,
471,
4240,
373,
278,
12060,
6689,
310,
278,
7339,
390,
3304,
322,
393,
278,
23772,
29879,
297,
278,
4832,
19839,
6462,
750,
14416,
263,
379,
19910,
17567,
304,
437,
577,
29889,
12835,
261,
14088,
393,
278,
4959,
472,
2087,
1148,
3761,
6216,
2629,
263,
3030,
310,
14231,
304,
429,
1997,
278,
379,
19910,
10122,
297,
278,
7560,
23925,
322,
304,
5191,
322,
1462,
27493,
1083,
513,
414,
310,
916,
4931,
1080,
29892,
599,
297,
278,
1024,
310,
1492,
292,
17189,
2347,
4688,
29899,
1545,
824,
2743,
29879,
29889,
13,
1576,
3686,
1036,
297,
445,
7977,
25917,
21420,
310,
278,
13644,
310,
12536,
30191,
29887,
2738,
17750,
322,
6944,
393,
26869,
304,
2834,
297,
278,
4688,
5400,
3785,
29889,
5282,
1947,
310,
10847,
322,
12962,
14828,
479,
20603,
263,
9377,
3464,
310,
28792,
29892,
515,
1887,
8937,
267,
304,
29129,
29889,
15175,
24803,
362,
471,
926,
30191,
1687,
322,
4049,
9150,
29889,
3839,
29871,
29896,
29896,
29892,
29871,
29906,
29900,
29900,
29896,
29892,
20603,
1364,
324,
1503,
310,
278,
3014,
310,
20994,
29915,
29879,
7817,
363,
11095,
14624,
5298,
304,
3380,
263,
7928,
434,
1048,
10847,
29899,
262,
1028,
2859,
14529,
29889,
2648,
25738,
304,
2274,
12962,
14529,
322,
24803,
362,
297,
278,
4940,
591,
4966,
304,
2253,
2274,
278,
21726,
29899,
1025,
260,
5580,
393,
6773,
304,
4556,
701,
354,
485,
30191,
1338,
9826,
29889,
13,
29470,
360,
29889,
323,
10068,
29892,
376,
1576,
16585,
3362,
310,
278,
11095,
14624,
21018,
29901,
12821,
30191,
29873,
713,
322,
23772,
3900,
297,
2866,
342,
363,
13298,
291,
29892,
27226,
29892,
322,
23287,
4721,
331,
262,
663,
1699,
16385,
29871,
29896,
310,
445,
7977,
29889,
13,
29954,
336,
2004,
7487,
29881,
1698,
29892,
376,
4300,
13431,
713,
16977,
261,
749,
29973,
16221,
2738,
7255,
510,
1545,
29874,
30191,
12757,
373,
278,
13960,
631,
310,
6111,
4092,
1699,
16385,
29871,
29945,
310,
445,
7977,
29889,
13,
13711,
20336,
18737,
29892,
376,
1576,
12788,
310,
2819,
322,
6171,
2088,
273,
29901,
319,
317,
1789,
29899,
15654,
273,
16221,
2738,
10811,
29176,
297,
278,
26260,
29892,
29871,
29896,
29953
] | 2,659 | 2,048 | CommonCrawl | 19 | 18 |
The New Jersey Divorce Records may not give as much information as any other several files; yet, it benefits in other situations. In filing a grievance, placement requirements must be met in order for the court to accept your file. This document contains the date of the appeal, full name of the ex spouses, dates of the matrimony and divorce, state where the marriage licensed was issued and the motive of attaining that record.
In New Jersey, the arguments in which the separation is being pursued were lawfully asserted inside the complaint. The suitable legal bases will be those both parties settle with and bear out. Divorce from the bond of matrimony may be arbitrated for the succeeding grounds henceforward.
Furthermore, the information could be made available for civic domain but these annals cannot be allocated with anybody else in the state. Your application for the annulment decree will be privileged if you are straightforwardly connected to the entity or even you are one of the two people involved in the grievance. Anyone else can make access to the file unless you are a legal representative.
For instance, the children are involved in the separation; the high court in New Jersey will find ways in helping to lessen the emotional trauma a child might be experiencing. If problems persist regarding the issues towards their responsibilities to their children, the court will now make a move in establishing a custody order.
You can obtain this copy of records from the Records Center of the Superior Court. You only have to write a letter of application addressing to the Assistant's office at the County's Superior court. Important details about the said separation are highly needed. It includes the names of the separated couple, time and the place when they get annulled. On the other hand, in attaining this documentation, the hunt and reclamation is a paid provision. Just a little amount of cost is needed and every detail required could be at your hand.
The Marriage and Divorce Records can provide details about important milestones in your ancestors' lives. They are the cornerstone of family history investigation because they are usually created at or near the time of the event, which makes the archives remain accurate. Keep in mind, always be cautious with any documents other than an authorized text. Having a confidence on unsanctioned documentation and details provided by family members without authentication, you always hang on to the probability of having a mistake.
Janelle Monáe rose up as pop's most innovative android….
Janelle Monáe rose up as pop's most innovative android. Now, with her new album, she is ready to reveal the real person lurking inside. Read our new cover story in full right here.
Did you know that the energy that the sun produces in one hour, exceeding the annual consumption of 6.8 billion people?
The American inventor Charles Fritts recognized already in the 1880s, the energy of the sun and developed the first solar cell.
Since then, the solar energy gains in importance in our daily lives.
Logitech, the world's leading developer and manufacturer of computer accessories, made with the innovative Wireless Solar Keyboard K750 for Mac and PC in the previous year, the first light-powered keyboard in the world.
The Logitech Solar Keyboard K750 comes without cables and Solar battery instead – Environmental and economic advantages are what you get!
If all computer users would switch to Solar Keyboards worldwide, could fabled 828 million AA batteries per year saved be. Sequentially placed together, they would encircle the equator.
With the saved energy is also almost four Eiffel Towers could be lit all year indefinitely!
Why buy batteries again, but when the sun does the job for free and environmentally friendly.
Not only solar powered convinced the keyboard beyond the eco-Heart: The material is completely recyclable, PVC-free and supplied in environmentally friendly cardboard packaging.
The Logitech Wireless Solar Keyboard recharges when light is present – regardless of whether sunlight or artificial light – the charge even in complete darkness up to three or four months (PC or Mac) remains long. No replacement batteries and certainly no more cables!
Ecologically, economically smart and also really stylish!
Are you aware of your Link Popularity score?
The number of couples who opt to legally separate from each other has been increasing lately. In the rise of 19th century, Iowa Divorce Records has become so popular among individuals of all | 0.035015 | 0.414242 | 0.075194 | -0.500378 | [
-0.23446883461280177,
0.30449844669821047
] | [
0.13938021549327134,
0.6891031899553549
] | [
0.4049053771548406,
-0.2545172894450694
] | [
-0.1309838938615843,
-0.8697730500454034
] | 1,024 | [
512,
512
] | [
450,
1570,
14500,
4910,
272,
346,
7983,
1122,
451,
2367,
408,
1568,
2472,
408,
738,
916,
3196,
2066,
29936,
3447,
29892,
372,
23633,
297,
916,
18845,
29889,
512,
977,
292,
263,
867,
10384,
749,
29892,
2174,
13561,
11780,
1818,
367,
1539,
297,
1797,
363,
278,
8973,
304,
3544,
596,
934,
29889,
910,
1842,
3743,
278,
2635,
310,
278,
25530,
29892,
2989,
1024,
310,
278,
429,
805,
23676,
29892,
10116,
310,
278,
1775,
5632,
2592,
322,
25074,
346,
29892,
2106,
988,
278,
13718,
7794,
21144,
471,
16610,
322,
278,
3184,
573,
310,
1098,
17225,
393,
2407,
29889,
13,
797,
1570,
14500,
29892,
278,
6273,
297,
607,
278,
23683,
338,
1641,
12359,
6742,
892,
4307,
3730,
4974,
287,
2768,
278,
15313,
524,
29889,
450,
13907,
11706,
22561,
674,
367,
1906,
1716,
13973,
3604,
280,
411,
322,
11460,
714,
29889,
4910,
272,
346,
515,
278,
21224,
310,
1775,
5632,
2592,
1122,
367,
9727,
630,
363,
278,
9269,
292,
25502,
8151,
11333,
29889,
13,
29943,
332,
721,
5514,
29892,
278,
2472,
1033,
367,
1754,
3625,
363,
14175,
293,
5354,
541,
1438,
2889,
1338,
2609,
367,
19591,
411,
16357,
1683,
297,
278,
2106,
29889,
3575,
2280,
363,
278,
2889,
352,
358,
1602,
929,
674,
367,
14828,
3192,
565,
366,
526,
20837,
368,
6631,
304,
278,
7855,
470,
1584,
366,
526,
697,
310,
278,
1023,
2305,
9701,
297,
278,
867,
10384,
749,
29889,
26407,
1683,
508,
1207,
2130,
304,
278,
934,
6521,
366,
526,
263,
11706,
21097,
29889,
13,
2831,
2777,
29892,
278,
4344,
526,
9701,
297,
278,
23683,
29936,
278,
1880,
8973,
297,
1570,
14500,
674,
1284,
5837,
297,
19912,
304,
3109,
264,
278,
23023,
1848,
1020,
10859,
263,
2278,
1795,
367,
10623,
3277,
29889,
960,
4828,
24379,
11211,
278,
5626,
7113,
1009,
5544,
747,
9770,
304,
1009,
4344,
29892,
278,
8973,
674,
1286,
1207,
263,
4337,
297,
10127,
292,
263,
25387,
1486,
1797,
29889,
13,
3492,
508,
4017,
445,
3509,
310,
6475,
515,
278,
7983,
7817,
310,
278,
5670,
1611,
9245,
29889,
887,
871,
505,
304,
2436,
263,
5497,
310,
2280,
3211,
292,
304,
278,
4007,
22137,
29915,
29879,
8034,
472,
278,
5127,
29915,
29879,
5670,
1611,
8973,
29889,
16032,
424,
4902,
1048,
278,
1497,
23683,
526,
10712,
4312,
29889,
739,
7805,
278,
2983,
310,
278,
13055,
7303,
29892,
931,
322,
278,
2058,
746,
896,
679,
2889,
352,
839,
29889,
1551,
278,
916,
1361,
29892,
297,
1098,
17225,
445,
5106,
29892,
278,
298,
1657,
322,
337,
15719,
362,
338,
263,
12530,
25161,
29889,
3387,
263,
2217,
5253,
310,
3438,
338,
4312,
322,
1432,
9493,
3734,
1033,
367,
472,
596,
1361,
29889,
13,
1576,
1085,
9081,
322,
4910,
272,
346,
7983,
508,
3867,
4902,
1048,
4100,
2316,
342,
2873,
297,
596,
19525,
943,
29915,
12080,
29889,
2688,
526,
278,
11155,
12734,
310,
3942,
4955,
22522,
1363,
896,
526,
5491,
2825,
472,
470,
2978,
278,
931,
310,
278,
1741,
29892,
607,
3732,
278,
3190,
3145,
3933,
16232,
29889,
19152,
297,
3458,
29892,
2337,
367,
274,
1300,
2738,
411,
738,
10701,
916,
1135,
385,
4148,
1891,
1426,
29889,
15950,
263,
16420,
373,
9644,
273,
428,
287,
5106,
322,
4902,
4944,
491,
3942,
5144,
1728,
10760,
29892,
366,
2337,
13958,
373,
304,
278,
6976,
310,
2534,
263,
10171,
29889,
13,
26626,
1808,
2598,
29976,
29872,
11492,
701,
408,
1835,
29915,
29879,
1556,
24233,
1230,
1442,
30098,
29889,
13,
26626,
1808,
2598,
29976,
29872,
11492,
701,
408,
1835,
29915,
29879,
1556,
24233,
1230,
1442,
29889,
2567,
29892,
411,
902,
716,
3769,
29892,
1183,
338,
7960,
304,
10320,
284,
278,
1855,
2022,
301,
332,
9292,
2768,
29889,
7523,
1749,
716,
4612,
5828,
297,
2989,
1492,
1244,
29889,
13,
9260,
366,
1073,
393,
278,
5864,
393,
278,
6575,
13880,
297,
697,
7234,
29892,
13461,
292,
278,
17568,
27430,
310,
29871,
29953,
29889,
29947,
24464,
2305,
29973,
13,
1576,
3082,
11817,
272,
5322,
383,
768,
1372,
14831,
2307,
297,
278,
29871,
29896,
29947,
29947,
29900,
29879,
29892,
278,
5864,
310,
278,
6575,
322,
8906,
278,
937,
21635,
3038,
29889,
13,
23036,
769,
29892,
278,
21635,
5864,
330,
2708,
297,
13500,
297,
1749,
14218,
12080,
29889,
13,
3403,
568,
305,
29892,
278,
3186,
29915,
29879,
8236,
13897,
322,
12012,
9945,
310,
6601,
2130,
3842,
29892,
1754,
29871,
30166,
30166,
2541,
278,
24233,
1230,
399,
533,
2222,
4956,
279,
7670,
3377,
476,
29955,
29945,
29900,
363,
4326,
322,
9609,
297,
278,
3517,
1629,
29892,
278,
937,
3578,
29899,
13519,
287,
12247,
297,
278,
3186,
29889,
13,
1576,
4522,
568,
305,
4956,
279,
7670,
3377,
476,
29955,
29945,
29900,
5304,
1728,
274,
1849,
322,
4956,
279,
16988,
2012,
785,
16738,
284,
322,
17407,
25486,
526,
825,
366,
679,
29991,
13,
3644,
599,
6601,
4160,
723,
4607,
304,
4956,
279,
7670,
24691,
3186,
8157,
29892,
1033,
285,
3606,
29871,
29947,
29906,
29947,
7284,
22704,
10193,
583,
639,
1629,
7160,
367,
29889,
922,
339,
9247,
7180,
4208,
29892,
896,
723,
2094,
2076,
280,
278,
1592,
1061,
29889,
13,
3047,
278,
7160,
5864,
338,
884,
4359,
3023,
382,
2593,
295,
22578,
414,
1033,
367,
11872,
599,
1629,
297,
1753,
18639,
29991,
13,
11008,
15649,
10193,
583,
1449,
29892,
541,
746,
278,
6575,
947,
278,
4982,
363,
3889,
322,
5177,
635,
19780,
29889,
13,
3664,
871,
21635,
3081,
287,
25617,
278,
12247,
8724,
278,
321,
1111,
29899,
3868,
442,
29901,
450,
5518,
338,
6446,
1162,
29891,
695,
519,
29892,
349,
8257,
29899,
9021,
322,
19056,
297,
5177,
635,
19780,
5881,
3377,
4870,
6751,
29889,
13,
1576,
4522,
568,
305,
399,
533,
2222,
4956,
279,
7670,
3377,
337,
25389,
267,
746,
3578,
338,
2198,
785,
17126,
310,
3692,
6575,
4366,
470,
23116,
3578,
785,
278,
8323,
1584,
297,
4866,
23490,
701,
304,
2211,
470,
3023,
7378,
313,
9026,
470,
4326,
29897,
9242,
1472,
29889,
1939,
16920,
10193,
583,
322,
8959,
694,
901,
274,
1849,
29991,
13,
29923,
21553,
1711,
29892,
7766,
1711,
15040,
322,
884,
2289,
15877,
1674,
29991,
13,
17506,
366,
9543,
310,
596,
6645,
23691,
537,
8158,
29973,
13,
1576,
1353,
310,
3581,
2701,
1058,
3523,
304,
2814,
635,
5004,
515,
1269,
916,
756,
1063,
10231,
301,
2486,
29889,
512,
278,
14451,
310,
29871,
29896,
29929,
386,
6462,
29892,
25327,
4910,
272,
346,
7983,
756,
4953,
577,
5972,
4249,
15724,
310,
599
] | 2,660 | 0 | C4 | 11 | 19 |
ages. In the present time, the state government of Iowa is now keeping thousands of accounts for divorces already. Prior to the said time, divorce is not considered as legal in many conservative places.
It is the Office of Vital Records that holds all vital public documents of the US. Anyone who wants to get hold of this file in this state can find this information at the Department of Public Health of the Bureau of Vital Records. In addition, you may also obtain it at the Clerk of District in the county where the divorce decree was issued. Normally, a small amount of fee is due per copy of this file.
Numerous relevant facts are contained in this document. As a standard, it includes the couple's names, addresses, age, their children, and alimony. In addition to that, the most significant detail that it discloses is the reason/s for the divorce. The date and place where the event took place can also be found in this account.
The right to access and use this file is now given to the general public. The only thing that's required is for the requesters to adhere to the policies and the proper procedures as mandated by the right authorities of the state. Those who desire to acquire a certified copy of certificates and records for divorces are advised to turn to the State Center for Health Statistics for assistance.
Many government agencies can provide report that can be extremely helpful to someone who needs help for some legal matters. Basically, it is through the government that you can obtain search results that are accurate and complete. However, if you were just merely checking on someone, then there are search sites online that won't require you to pay at all. The only thing with this service is that it doesn't offer the kind of result that you need.
With the advancement of technology, people can now acquire Divorce Records more easily and quickly over the Internet. Nowadays, the best type of service there is online only requires a one-time charge for everything you deserve and more. Fee-based service providers guarantee the best report for you in split minute only. Moreover, this type of service also offers much convenience, plus it makes you save a lot of time, money, and energy.
Are you a super fan of The Walking Dead? I am! The show is still great but is it going in the right direction?
The Walking Dead Season Eight finale left viewers with one big question: What the hell happened to this once-great show?
When you are getting get get wed within the fitness of Nevada, even if it's a drive-through wedding in Vegas, you do not instantly get yourself a copy within the marriage license. When it's time when you wish a replica within the document, for reasons unknown, you will have to file a request within the county registrar's office inside the county where the marriage license was issued. Unlike birth certificates and dying reports, certified copies of Nevada Marriage Records information and divorce decrees aren't provided with the state's Department of Medical care insurance Human Services. Rather, marriage and divorce documents are stored within the county level.
The Nevada Office of effective Statistics operates beneath the Bureau of Health Statistics, Planning, Epidemiology and Response (HSPER). This office may be the problem custodian of original documents inside the condition, including birth and dying certificates within the to achieve this summer time time time time time 1911 and onwards. Clearly an excellent place for getting the opportunity to view certified copies of birth and dying records. The state's vital statistics office charges $20 for each certified copy of birth and dying reports.
For requesters of certified copies of marriage and divorce accounts, the county Recorder's office, where the marriage license was issued or possibly divorce was granted, may be the finest spot to submit the application. If you want usage of marriage certificates for research purposes, then exercising which inside the 17 counties the wedding happened may be the initial task. Although experienced genealogists would probably attempt to understand where all the occasions in their research has happened, whether it's the birth, dying, marriage or divorce within the ancestor.
However, you can request searches and verifications within the Vital Statistics office, for accounts that have been filed from 1968 onwards, and pay $ 10 for each name looked. But queries associated with certified copies of marriage and divorce reports are directly given right county offices. Nevertheless, to avoid delays and extended waiting periods, it may be sensible within your body to simply submit the request within the originating county yourself. You supply you with the county registrar's office a | -0.814526 | -0.078853 | -0.227887 | -0.830102 | [
-0.7063220199028748,
-0.922730737684679
] | [
0.024779986289449354,
-0.18248527199715056
] | [
-0.0896616227950919,
-0.36611189456197724
] | [
-0.9608210094342543,
-0.6993832974748395
] | 1,024 | [
512,
512
] | [
24646,
29889,
512,
278,
2198,
931,
29892,
278,
2106,
5874,
310,
25327,
338,
1286,
12515,
17202,
310,
15303,
363,
25074,
778,
2307,
29889,
22096,
304,
278,
1497,
931,
29892,
25074,
346,
338,
451,
5545,
408,
11706,
297,
1784,
8976,
1230,
7600,
29889,
13,
3112,
338,
278,
11367,
310,
478,
2410,
7983,
393,
8640,
599,
27131,
970,
10701,
310,
278,
3148,
29889,
26407,
1058,
10753,
304,
679,
4808,
310,
445,
934,
297,
445,
2106,
508,
1284,
445,
2472,
472,
278,
10317,
310,
5236,
15202,
310,
278,
18903,
310,
478,
2410,
7983,
29889,
512,
6124,
29892,
366,
1122,
884,
4017,
372,
472,
278,
315,
1358,
29895,
310,
7457,
297,
278,
15178,
988,
278,
25074,
346,
1602,
929,
471,
16610,
29889,
5655,
635,
29892,
263,
2319,
5253,
310,
27684,
338,
2861,
639,
3509,
310,
445,
934,
29889,
13,
29940,
4680,
681,
8018,
17099,
526,
11122,
297,
445,
1842,
29889,
1094,
263,
3918,
29892,
372,
7805,
278,
7303,
29915,
29879,
2983,
29892,
14157,
29892,
5046,
29892,
1009,
4344,
29892,
322,
394,
326,
2592,
29889,
512,
6124,
304,
393,
29892,
278,
1556,
7282,
9493,
393,
372,
766,
11291,
267,
338,
278,
2769,
29914,
29879,
363,
278,
25074,
346,
29889,
450,
2635,
322,
2058,
988,
278,
1741,
3614,
2058,
508,
884,
367,
1476,
297,
445,
3633,
29889,
13,
1576,
1492,
304,
2130,
322,
671,
445,
934,
338,
1286,
2183,
304,
278,
2498,
970,
29889,
450,
871,
2655,
393,
29915,
29879,
3734,
338,
363,
278,
2009,
414,
304,
594,
4150,
304,
278,
24833,
322,
278,
1571,
28648,
408,
9619,
630,
491,
278,
1492,
21142,
310,
278,
2106,
29889,
16025,
1058,
13521,
304,
1274,
1548,
263,
2284,
2164,
3509,
310,
23199,
1078,
322,
6475,
363,
25074,
778,
526,
594,
11292,
304,
2507,
304,
278,
4306,
7817,
363,
15202,
27098,
363,
18872,
29889,
13,
14804,
5874,
946,
15942,
508,
3867,
3461,
393,
508,
367,
14154,
8444,
304,
4856,
1058,
4225,
1371,
363,
777,
11706,
13750,
29889,
13702,
29892,
372,
338,
1549,
278,
5874,
393,
366,
508,
4017,
2740,
2582,
393,
526,
16232,
322,
4866,
29889,
2398,
29892,
565,
366,
892,
925,
13586,
8454,
373,
4856,
29892,
769,
727,
526,
2740,
11840,
7395,
393,
2113,
29915,
29873,
1996,
366,
304,
5146,
472,
599,
29889,
450,
871,
2655,
411,
445,
2669,
338,
393,
372,
1838,
29915,
29873,
5957,
278,
2924,
310,
1121,
393,
366,
817,
29889,
13,
3047,
278,
3061,
27967,
310,
15483,
29892,
2305,
508,
1286,
1274,
1548,
4910,
272,
346,
7983,
901,
5948,
322,
9098,
975,
278,
4685,
29889,
2567,
328,
1036,
29892,
278,
1900,
1134,
310,
2669,
727,
338,
7395,
871,
6858,
263,
697,
29899,
2230,
8323,
363,
4129,
366,
553,
7143,
322,
901,
29889,
383,
3905,
29899,
6707,
2669,
1326,
11376,
18818,
278,
1900,
3461,
363,
366,
297,
6219,
11015,
871,
29889,
12808,
29892,
445,
1134,
310,
2669,
884,
16688,
1568,
29703,
29892,
2298,
372,
3732,
366,
4078,
263,
3287,
310,
931,
29892,
6909,
29892,
322,
5864,
29889,
13,
17506,
366,
263,
2428,
13524,
310,
450,
12878,
292,
16992,
29973,
306,
626,
29991,
450,
1510,
338,
1603,
2107,
541,
338,
372,
2675,
297,
278,
1492,
5305,
29973,
13,
1576,
12878,
292,
16992,
24791,
382,
523,
10996,
2175,
1776,
414,
411,
697,
4802,
1139,
29901,
1724,
278,
23927,
9559,
304,
445,
2748,
29899,
7979,
271,
1510,
29973,
13,
10401,
366,
526,
2805,
679,
679,
14837,
2629,
278,
6216,
2264,
310,
26572,
1114,
29892,
1584,
565,
372,
29915,
29879,
263,
7899,
29899,
20678,
14837,
8497,
297,
17236,
294,
29892,
366,
437,
451,
26232,
679,
7535,
263,
3509,
2629,
278,
13718,
19405,
29889,
1932,
372,
29915,
29879,
931,
746,
366,
6398,
263,
1634,
10123,
2629,
278,
1842,
29892,
363,
9590,
9815,
29892,
366,
674,
505,
304,
934,
263,
2009,
2629,
278,
15178,
21557,
279,
29915,
29879,
8034,
2768,
278,
15178,
988,
278,
13718,
19405,
471,
16610,
29889,
853,
4561,
12060,
23199,
1078,
322,
27116,
13676,
29892,
2284,
2164,
14591,
310,
26572,
1114,
1085,
9081,
7983,
2472,
322,
25074,
346,
9263,
267,
9455,
29915,
29873,
4944,
411,
278,
2106,
29915,
29879,
10317,
310,
20795,
2562,
1663,
18541,
12968,
15538,
29889,
390,
1624,
29892,
13718,
322,
25074,
346,
10701,
526,
6087,
2629,
278,
15178,
3233,
29889,
13,
1576,
26572,
1114,
11367,
310,
11828,
27098,
1751,
1078,
19540,
278,
18903,
310,
15202,
27098,
29892,
1858,
9450,
29892,
14055,
680,
2460,
3002,
322,
13291,
313,
29950,
5550,
1001,
467,
910,
8034,
1122,
367,
278,
1108,
25387,
397,
713,
310,
2441,
10701,
2768,
278,
4195,
29892,
3704,
12060,
322,
27116,
23199,
1078,
2629,
278,
304,
6176,
445,
11801,
931,
931,
931,
931,
931,
29871,
29896,
29929,
29896,
29896,
322,
373,
2935,
29889,
17732,
368,
385,
15129,
2058,
363,
2805,
278,
15130,
304,
1776,
2284,
2164,
14591,
310,
12060,
322,
27116,
6475,
29889,
450,
2106,
29915,
29879,
27131,
13964,
8034,
21090,
395,
29906,
29900,
363,
1269,
2284,
2164,
3509,
310,
12060,
322,
27116,
13676,
29889,
13,
2831,
2009,
414,
310,
2284,
2164,
14591,
310,
13718,
322,
25074,
346,
15303,
29892,
278,
15178,
3599,
2098,
29915,
29879,
8034,
29892,
988,
278,
13718,
19405,
471,
16610,
470,
10075,
25074,
346,
471,
16896,
29892,
1122,
367,
278,
1436,
342,
9758,
304,
9752,
278,
2280,
29889,
960,
366,
864,
8744,
310,
13718,
23199,
1078,
363,
5925,
11976,
29892,
769,
24472,
3476,
292,
607,
2768,
278,
29871,
29896,
29955,
2302,
583,
278,
14837,
8497,
9559,
1122,
367,
278,
2847,
3414,
29889,
8512,
18860,
18530,
27330,
2879,
723,
3117,
4218,
304,
2274,
988,
599,
278,
26108,
297,
1009,
5925,
756,
9559,
29892,
3692,
372,
29915,
29879,
278,
12060,
29892,
27116,
29892,
13718,
470,
25074,
346,
2629,
278,
19525,
272,
29889,
13,
17245,
29892,
366,
508,
2009,
29645,
322,
1147,
8232,
2629,
278,
478,
2410,
27098,
8034,
29892,
363,
15303,
393,
505,
1063,
934,
29881,
515,
29871,
29896,
29929,
29953,
29947,
373,
2935,
29892,
322,
5146,
395,
29871,
29896,
29900,
363,
1269,
1024,
5148,
29889,
1205,
9365,
6942,
411,
2284,
2164,
14591,
310,
13718,
322,
25074,
346,
13676,
526,
4153,
2183,
1492,
15178,
25222,
29889,
25678,
29892,
304,
4772,
628,
1036,
322,
10410,
10534,
23704,
29892,
372,
1122,
367,
25182,
2629,
596,
3573,
304,
3763,
9752,
278,
2009,
2629,
278,
3978,
1218,
15178,
7535,
29889,
887,
11421,
366,
411,
278,
15178,
21557,
279,
29915,
29879,
8034,
263
] | 2,660 | 1,024 | C4 | 3 | 13 |
Published: Sept. 10, 2015 at 05:39 p.m.
Updated: Sept. 10, 2015 at 08:14 p.m.
Welcome to the Week 1 edition of the FanDuel DFS mail bag. Every week I'll take questions on Twitter pertaining to daily fantasy strategy and particular players on FanDuel. If you'd like to have your question featured, just shoot it to me on twitter (@MattHarmon_BYB), and it may just find its way into the mailbag.
There are oh so many, and I'll highlight plenty in the DFS Roundup piece tomorrow. But since you asked, Shane, we'll do a quick positional rundown here.
Carson Palmer facing the Saints. New Orleans is without their two best secondary defenders, and Palmer was a low-end QB1 when he played last year. Easy to stack with John Brown.
Sam Bradford facing the Falcons. Atlanta ranked 22nd in allowing fantasy points to passers, and their only real upgrade, rookie Vic Beasley, may have a tough time against Jason Peters. Another easy stack with Jordan Matthews, who is quite the bargain as well.
Doug Martin and Chris Ivory are both home favorites, and should get the bulk of their team's carries. Both are undervalued on FanDuel this week. More on Ivory in just a minute.
Lamar Miller is also a bargain this week. Miami should get ahead of Washington with ease, and that means plenty of opportunities for Miller to carry the rock.
Davante Adams is everyone's favorite value, as the Week 1 slate went up before Jordy Nelson's injury. He's a clear-cut play, but just be careful. If you want your lineup to stand out, which is important, remember that Adams' bargain nature means a lot of other DFS players will be on him.
Richard Rodgers is near the tight end minimum. It's hard to go away from Greg Olsen in Week 1, but Rodgers against the Bears (allowed the second most tight end touchdowns last season) should be worth it. You can create some stacked lineups when you go bargain shopping for Rodgers.
@MattHarmon_BYB Doug Martin, Lamar Miller, or Justin Forsett for week one.
I love Justin Forsett in season long, but a little bit of his shine is worn off on FanDuel considering their scoring is only .5 PPR. I mentioned Miller and Martin earlier, and both are good plays for the Week 1 slate. I'll ultimately side with Miller because he's played better recently, and Miami is the superior team. Martin might be the more theoretical "value" but when it's as surprisingly close as this one is. Miller has a good chance at multiple touchdowns in Week 1, and can maximize your lineup's upside.
Steve Johnson will slide right into the slot position for the Chargers, vacated by Eddie Royal, and will matchup against the Lions' Josh Wilson. The former Washington and Falcons' corner was toasted with alarming frequency the last two years. Johnson is one of the biggest values on FanDuel in Week 1, and will be a staple of my lineup rotation.
Jordan Matthews has a great matchup against the Falcons cornerbacks. He played over 90 percent of his 2014 snaps in the slot, and figures to remain there this season. He won't see much of their number one corner, Desmond Trufant, and will get chances to feast on Robert Alford and other subpar corners in the middle of the field. He's close to a must-play as a target hog on that offense.
The Titans may have to go on without their top corner, Jason McCourty. The rest of their defensive backs, including Blidi Wreh-Wilson, gave up fantasy points in bunches to wide receivers. If Mike Evans plays, he'll be a big factor, but I'm more intrigued with Vincent Jackson. Word is he and Jameis Winston are developing some good chemistry, and Jackson should see the No. 2 corner on Sunday. If Evans does indeed sit, Jackson will see a ton of targets on Sunday.
The Bills are still planning on Ronald Darby to be one of their starting cornerbacks. Rook | -0.637153 | -0.542849 | -1.049629 | -1.161777 | [
-0.8898585273887087,
-0.38444829408816605
] | [
-0.857999904296242,
-0.22769864367522097
] | [
-1.137129166278795,
-0.9621285355272805
] | [
-1.4941019144260956,
-0.8294518108874837
] | 1,024 | [
512,
512
] | [
8042,
3726,
29901,
28742,
29889,
29871,
29896,
29900,
29892,
29871,
29906,
29900,
29896,
29945,
472,
29871,
29900,
29945,
29901,
29941,
29929,
282,
29889,
29885,
29889,
13,
29248,
29901,
28742,
29889,
29871,
29896,
29900,
29892,
29871,
29906,
29900,
29896,
29945,
472,
29871,
29900,
29947,
29901,
29896,
29946,
282,
29889,
29885,
29889,
13,
28862,
2763,
304,
278,
15511,
29871,
29896,
12203,
310,
278,
383,
273,
29928,
2491,
360,
9998,
10524,
19548,
29889,
7569,
4723,
306,
29915,
645,
2125,
5155,
373,
20147,
639,
2408,
292,
304,
14218,
13568,
8995,
13705,
322,
3153,
10769,
373,
383,
273,
29928,
2491,
29889,
960,
366,
29915,
29881,
763,
304,
505,
596,
1139,
15000,
29892,
925,
15049,
372,
304,
592,
373,
23394,
20164,
29924,
1131,
29950,
2817,
265,
29918,
22716,
29933,
511,
322,
372,
1122,
925,
1284,
967,
982,
964,
278,
10524,
23156,
29889,
13,
8439,
526,
9360,
577,
1784,
29892,
322,
306,
29915,
645,
12141,
20947,
297,
278,
360,
9998,
21595,
786,
8424,
6454,
22396,
29889,
1205,
1951,
366,
4433,
29892,
1383,
1662,
29892,
591,
29915,
645,
437,
263,
4996,
2602,
284,
17048,
776,
1244,
29889,
13,
8179,
1100,
3793,
1050,
14870,
278,
14342,
1372,
29889,
1570,
26884,
338,
1728,
1009,
1023,
1900,
16723,
822,
21043,
29892,
322,
3793,
1050,
471,
263,
4482,
29899,
355,
660,
29933,
29896,
746,
540,
5318,
1833,
1629,
29889,
382,
8995,
304,
5096,
411,
2259,
9817,
29889,
13,
22966,
15862,
4006,
14870,
278,
12941,
3200,
29889,
26484,
26642,
29871,
29906,
29906,
299,
297,
14372,
13568,
8995,
3291,
304,
1209,
414,
29892,
322,
1009,
871,
1855,
14955,
29892,
696,
554,
347,
13423,
1522,
294,
2330,
29892,
1122,
505,
263,
260,
820,
931,
2750,
21776,
15990,
29889,
7280,
4780,
5096,
411,
18284,
9811,
354,
5652,
29892,
1058,
338,
3755,
278,
289,
1191,
475,
408,
1532,
29889,
13,
29928,
692,
6502,
322,
12821,
306,
29894,
706,
526,
1716,
3271,
7853,
3246,
29892,
322,
881,
679,
278,
21610,
310,
1009,
3815,
29915,
29879,
1559,
2722,
29889,
9134,
526,
1090,
4387,
287,
373,
383,
273,
29928,
2491,
445,
4723,
29889,
5853,
373,
306,
29894,
706,
297,
925,
263,
11015,
29889,
13,
29931,
8715,
16498,
338,
884,
263,
289,
1191,
475,
445,
4723,
29889,
23740,
881,
679,
14432,
310,
7660,
411,
16326,
29892,
322,
393,
2794,
20947,
310,
28602,
1907,
363,
16498,
304,
8677,
278,
7679,
29889,
13,
29928,
485,
1647,
20359,
338,
14332,
29915,
29879,
25448,
995,
29892,
408,
278,
15511,
29871,
29896,
2243,
403,
3512,
701,
1434,
13783,
29891,
19135,
29915,
29879,
24092,
29889,
940,
29915,
29879,
263,
2821,
29899,
7582,
1708,
29892,
541,
925,
367,
16010,
29889,
960,
366,
864,
596,
1196,
786,
304,
2317,
714,
29892,
607,
338,
4100,
29892,
6456,
393,
20359,
29915,
289,
1191,
475,
5469,
2794,
263,
3287,
310,
916,
360,
9998,
10769,
674,
367,
373,
1075,
29889,
13,
25627,
538,
7733,
5743,
338,
2978,
278,
19932,
1095,
9212,
29889,
739,
29915,
29879,
2898,
304,
748,
3448,
515,
12051,
438,
3137,
264,
297,
15511,
29871,
29896,
29892,
541,
7733,
5743,
2750,
278,
350,
15451,
313,
24622,
278,
1473,
1556,
19932,
1095,
6023,
3204,
29879,
1833,
4259,
29897,
881,
367,
7088,
372,
29889,
887,
508,
1653,
777,
5096,
287,
1196,
14340,
746,
366,
748,
289,
1191,
475,
17394,
3262,
363,
7733,
5743,
29889,
13,
29992,
29924,
1131,
29950,
2817,
265,
29918,
22716,
29933,
13215,
6502,
29892,
365,
8715,
16498,
29892,
470,
26408,
1152,
9915,
363,
4723,
697,
29889,
13,
29902,
5360,
26408,
1152,
9915,
297,
4259,
1472,
29892,
541,
263,
2217,
2586,
310,
670,
528,
457,
338,
28043,
1283,
373,
383,
273,
29928,
2491,
13858,
1009,
26654,
338,
871,
869,
29945,
349,
10593,
29889,
306,
5276,
16498,
322,
6502,
8859,
29892,
322,
1716,
526,
1781,
13582,
363,
278,
15511,
29871,
29896,
2243,
403,
29889,
306,
29915,
645,
18973,
2625,
411,
16498,
1363,
540,
29915,
29879,
5318,
2253,
10325,
29892,
322,
23740,
338,
278,
11558,
3815,
29889,
6502,
1795,
367,
278,
901,
23399,
376,
1767,
29908,
541,
746,
372,
29915,
29879,
408,
26800,
368,
3802,
408,
445,
697,
338,
29889,
16498,
756,
263,
1781,
8825,
472,
2999,
6023,
3204,
29879,
297,
15511,
29871,
29896,
29892,
322,
508,
5256,
675,
596,
1196,
786,
29915,
29879,
24081,
680,
29889,
13,
7789,
345,
11717,
674,
20343,
1492,
964,
278,
21497,
2602,
363,
278,
678,
1191,
414,
29892,
11757,
630,
491,
20861,
347,
7021,
29892,
322,
674,
1993,
786,
2750,
278,
365,
1080,
29915,
22838,
13015,
29889,
450,
4642,
7660,
322,
12941,
3200,
29915,
11155,
471,
304,
28470,
411,
21200,
292,
10868,
278,
1833,
1023,
2440,
29889,
11717,
338,
697,
310,
278,
24842,
1819,
373,
383,
273,
29928,
2491,
297,
15511,
29871,
29896,
29892,
322,
674,
367,
263,
380,
481,
280,
310,
590,
1196,
786,
13733,
29889,
13,
29967,
536,
273,
9811,
354,
5652,
756,
263,
2107,
1993,
786,
2750,
278,
12941,
3200,
11155,
1627,
29879,
29889,
940,
5318,
975,
29871,
29929,
29900,
10151,
310,
670,
29871,
29906,
29900,
29896,
29946,
5807,
2547,
297,
278,
21497,
29892,
322,
13994,
304,
3933,
727,
445,
4259,
29889,
940,
2113,
29915,
29873,
1074,
1568,
310,
1009,
1353,
697,
11155,
29892,
2726,
8315,
17238,
29888,
424,
29892,
322,
674,
679,
521,
2925,
304,
1238,
579,
373,
4755,
838,
4006,
322,
916,
1014,
862,
26995,
297,
278,
7256,
310,
278,
1746,
29889,
940,
29915,
29879,
3802,
304,
263,
1818,
29899,
1456,
408,
263,
3646,
298,
468,
373,
393,
1283,
1947,
29889,
13,
1576,
11810,
550,
1122,
505,
304,
748,
373,
1728,
1009,
2246,
11155,
29892,
21776,
15612,
473,
1017,
29889,
450,
1791,
310,
1009,
822,
6270,
1250,
29879,
29892,
3704,
3164,
8819,
399,
9003,
29899,
29594,
1100,
29892,
4846,
701,
13568,
8995,
3291,
297,
14928,
267,
304,
9377,
2414,
1536,
29889,
960,
12828,
24056,
13582,
29892,
540,
29915,
645,
367,
263,
4802,
7329,
29892,
541,
306,
29915,
29885,
901,
11158,
5526,
287,
411,
19748,
11886,
29889,
10803,
338,
540,
322,
435,
420,
275,
399,
2611,
265,
526,
14338,
777,
1781,
8950,
6020,
29892,
322,
11886,
881,
1074,
278,
1939,
29889,
29871,
29906,
11155,
373,
16340,
29889,
960,
24056,
947,
6200,
7845,
29892,
11886,
674,
1074,
263,
15243,
310,
22525,
373,
16340,
29889,
13,
1576,
350,
6090,
526,
1603,
18987,
373,
11546,
2741,
7335,
1609,
304,
367,
697,
310,
1009,
6257,
11155,
1627,
29879,
29889,
1528,
554
] | 2,663 | 0 | C4 | 5 | 7 |
ie corners tend to struggle. Stephon Gilmore is no lock to play in Week 1, but if he does, he'll likely see most of his work across from T.Y. Hilton. Which leaves Darby to tangle with Andre Johnson. The veteran receiver dwarfs him in both size and knowledge of the NFL game. That might just be a slight mismatch. If T.Y. Hilton, who is small and fast like Darby, draws the rookie, he could absolutely explode.
@MattHarmon_BYB @FanDuel Going against common narrative with a Browns player that could have FF relevance this season?
I'm not on any Browns for Week 1 in DFS. Duke Johnson could be a nice sleeper, but his injury status is too murky. As such, Isaiah Crowell will get plenty of volume, but against the Jets front line and on the road limits his upside. There will be weeks to play these two running backs. Crowell has touchdown potential behind that offensive line in games the Browns are favored, and Johnson has pass-catching upside when they're trailing. However, I'll advise avoiding him for a different day when there aren't so many other running back values. I intentionally did not mention the passing game.
@MattHarmon_BYB @FanDuel Chris Ivory is going fairly cheap & has little competition for touches. Bargain or do they know something we don't?
Chris Ivory is my clearest must-play for Week 1 daily fantasy. For one, he's really good, in case you forgot. The preseason served as a positive reminder of that, and his ADP subsequently jumped from the seventh to the fourth round in a month. Ivory is set to pay off those heightened season long expectations with a big first game. He's a tremendous value on FanDuel for Week 1 among clear cut starting NFL running backs. The Jets are the heavy home favorite, and their improved offense and defense should handle the visiting Browns with relative ease. That means plenty of carries for Ivory as the team's battering ram.
One nice contrarian stack I'm considering is pairing the Jets defense and Ivory together. This will be a low scoring, grind it out game that New York should win. That spells big fantasy points for that pair. This stack will likely anchor most of my Week 1 lineups, and I may have near 100 percent exposure to Ivory.
Sorry for the weird formatting, the user deleted their Tweet.
I'd say so, Chase. We know the Dolphins remade their pass catching corps with a wide array of new faces, excluding Jarvis Landry. Ryan Tannehill has long been a quarterback who defaluts to what makes him comfortable, and certainly for the early part of the season, that will be Landry. As a rookie, he saw nine or more targets in six games in the second half of the season. This Week 1 contest in Washington projects as one of those occasions for Landry. The Dolphins should roll in this game, even though they're the visiting team. Three touchdowns from this revamped offense should be a good baseline projection. Miami intends to use Landry more as a red zone target, and he could come away with one of those scores.
@MattHarmon_BYB @FanDuel With now TWO of the Vikings' starting OL out, is Adrian Peterson still a no brainer stud RB play?
While I'm not as worried about Adrian Peterson from a season-long perspective, although I think he is comfortably behind Eddie Lacy and Le'Veon Bell now, I won't be playing him in Week 1 DFS. Peterson is at the top of FanDuel's running back list, and given some of the value plays at running back, there's reason to fade him. Of course, he's a great player and faces the ghost town that is the San Francisco 49ers, but DFS is about more than that. With the entire player pool available to use, I'm much more inclined to go with Jeremy Hill or Eddie Lacy in better matchups and superior values.
Also, consider throughout Week 1 just how many new players are going to find their way one FanDuel with the massive influx of new advertisement. A lot of those new players will be using Peterson | -0.599487 | -0.689233 | -1.1701 | -0.925042 | [
-0.33650965407320943,
-0.8624650188087335
] | [
-0.39154115886506025,
-0.9869251621505417
] | [
-0.863215135537294,
-1.476985463680287
] | [
-0.6109163851490207,
-1.239167628137313
] | 1,024 | [
512,
512
] | [
347,
26995,
10331,
304,
21117,
29889,
2443,
17607,
11788,
5514,
338,
694,
7714,
304,
1708,
297,
15511,
29871,
29896,
29892,
541,
565,
540,
947,
29892,
540,
29915,
645,
5517,
1074,
1556,
310,
670,
664,
4822,
515,
323,
29889,
29979,
29889,
12338,
880,
29889,
8449,
11308,
7335,
1609,
304,
260,
2521,
411,
27221,
11717,
29889,
450,
25808,
273,
19870,
270,
4495,
5847,
1075,
297,
1716,
2159,
322,
7134,
310,
278,
25167,
3748,
29889,
2193,
1795,
925,
367,
263,
7248,
29635,
29889,
960,
323,
29889,
29979,
29889,
12338,
880,
29892,
1058,
338,
2319,
322,
5172,
763,
7335,
1609,
29892,
4216,
29879,
278,
696,
554,
347,
29892,
540,
1033,
13312,
3902,
356,
29889,
13,
29992,
29924,
1131,
29950,
2817,
265,
29918,
22716,
29933,
732,
29943,
273,
29928,
2491,
2921,
292,
2750,
3619,
15474,
1230,
411,
263,
22415,
1983,
4847,
393,
1033,
505,
21379,
29527,
749,
445,
4259,
29973,
13,
29902,
29915,
29885,
451,
373,
738,
22415,
1983,
363,
15511,
29871,
29896,
297,
360,
9998,
29889,
13484,
11717,
1033,
367,
263,
7575,
12844,
11356,
29892,
541,
670,
24092,
4660,
338,
2086,
7167,
3459,
29889,
1094,
1316,
29892,
19899,
21071,
29445,
514,
674,
679,
20947,
310,
7977,
29892,
541,
2750,
278,
435,
1691,
4565,
1196,
322,
373,
278,
6520,
13071,
670,
24081,
680,
29889,
1670,
674,
367,
11405,
304,
1708,
1438,
1023,
2734,
1250,
29879,
29889,
29445,
514,
756,
6023,
3204,
7037,
5742,
393,
1283,
6270,
1196,
297,
8090,
278,
22415,
1983,
526,
5025,
4395,
29892,
322,
11717,
756,
1209,
29899,
12510,
292,
24081,
680,
746,
896,
29915,
276,
25053,
29889,
2398,
29892,
306,
29915,
645,
22939,
4772,
292,
1075,
363,
263,
1422,
2462,
746,
727,
9455,
29915,
29873,
577,
1784,
916,
2734,
1250,
1819,
29889,
306,
16392,
635,
1258,
451,
3585,
278,
6819,
3748,
29889,
13,
29992,
29924,
1131,
29950,
2817,
265,
29918,
22716,
29933,
732,
29943,
273,
29928,
2491,
12821,
306,
29894,
706,
338,
2675,
12558,
28773,
669,
756,
2217,
13888,
363,
6023,
267,
29889,
350,
1191,
475,
470,
437,
896,
1073,
1554,
591,
1016,
29915,
29873,
29973,
13,
11626,
275,
306,
29894,
706,
338,
590,
2821,
342,
1818,
29899,
1456,
363,
15511,
29871,
29896,
14218,
13568,
8995,
29889,
1152,
697,
29892,
540,
29915,
29879,
2289,
1781,
29892,
297,
1206,
366,
9640,
29889,
450,
544,
968,
1658,
6766,
408,
263,
6374,
1083,
4995,
310,
393,
29892,
322,
670,
11033,
29925,
17602,
12500,
287,
515,
278,
16741,
29882,
304,
278,
11582,
4513,
297,
263,
4098,
29889,
306,
29894,
706,
338,
731,
304,
5146,
1283,
1906,
3171,
6419,
4259,
1472,
2149,
800,
411,
263,
4802,
937,
3748,
29889,
940,
29915,
29879,
263,
14586,
355,
681,
995,
373,
383,
273,
29928,
2491,
363,
15511,
29871,
29896,
4249,
2821,
5700,
6257,
25167,
2734,
1250,
29879,
29889,
450,
435,
1691,
526,
278,
9416,
3271,
25448,
29892,
322,
1009,
16710,
1283,
1947,
322,
26406,
881,
4386,
278,
6493,
292,
22415,
1983,
411,
6198,
16326,
29889,
2193,
2794,
20947,
310,
1559,
2722,
363,
306,
29894,
706,
408,
278,
3815,
29915,
29879,
10193,
292,
13472,
29889,
13,
6716,
7575,
4313,
13956,
5096,
306,
29915,
29885,
13858,
338,
5101,
292,
278,
435,
1691,
26406,
322,
306,
29894,
706,
4208,
29889,
910,
674,
367,
263,
4482,
26654,
29892,
867,
513,
372,
714,
3748,
393,
1570,
3088,
881,
5401,
29889,
2193,
805,
10071,
4802,
13568,
8995,
3291,
363,
393,
5101,
29889,
910,
5096,
674,
5517,
17360,
1556,
310,
590,
15511,
29871,
29896,
1196,
14340,
29892,
322,
306,
1122,
505,
2978,
29871,
29896,
29900,
29900,
10151,
14060,
545,
304,
306,
29894,
706,
29889,
13,
29903,
3818,
363,
278,
13543,
15998,
29892,
278,
1404,
11132,
1009,
323,
16668,
29889,
13,
29902,
29915,
29881,
1827,
577,
29892,
678,
559,
29889,
1334,
1073,
278,
11201,
561,
1144,
337,
26350,
1009,
1209,
4380,
292,
14913,
411,
263,
9377,
1409,
310,
716,
17240,
29892,
429,
22368,
15864,
1730,
3172,
719,
29889,
20916,
15066,
9113,
453,
756,
1472,
1063,
263,
12616,
1627,
1058,
822,
284,
8842,
304,
825,
3732,
1075,
25561,
29892,
322,
8959,
363,
278,
4688,
760,
310,
278,
4259,
29892,
393,
674,
367,
3172,
719,
29889,
1094,
263,
696,
554,
347,
29892,
540,
4446,
14183,
470,
901,
22525,
297,
4832,
8090,
297,
278,
1473,
4203,
310,
278,
4259,
29889,
910,
15511,
29871,
29896,
17793,
297,
7660,
9279,
408,
697,
310,
1906,
26108,
363,
3172,
719,
29889,
450,
11201,
561,
1144,
881,
9679,
297,
445,
3748,
29892,
1584,
2466,
896,
29915,
276,
278,
6493,
292,
3815,
29889,
12753,
6023,
3204,
29879,
515,
445,
6664,
1160,
287,
1283,
1947,
881,
367,
263,
1781,
2362,
5570,
18246,
29889,
23740,
938,
1975,
304,
671,
3172,
719,
901,
408,
263,
2654,
10640,
3646,
29892,
322,
540,
1033,
2041,
3448,
411,
697,
310,
1906,
19435,
29889,
13,
29992,
29924,
1131,
29950,
2817,
265,
29918,
22716,
29933,
732,
29943,
273,
29928,
2491,
2973,
1286,
323,
29956,
29949,
310,
278,
18503,
886,
29915,
6257,
438,
29931,
714,
29892,
338,
2087,
6392,
5879,
1330,
1603,
263,
694,
4105,
4983,
1921,
390,
29933,
1708,
29973,
13,
8809,
488,
306,
29915,
29885,
451,
408,
6365,
1255,
1048,
2087,
6392,
5879,
1330,
515,
263,
4259,
29899,
5426,
18520,
29892,
5998,
306,
1348,
540,
338,
13016,
2197,
5742,
20861,
347,
365,
4135,
322,
951,
29915,
29963,
29872,
265,
10914,
1286,
29892,
306,
2113,
29915,
29873,
367,
8743,
1075,
297,
15511,
29871,
29896,
360,
9998,
29889,
5879,
1330,
338,
472,
278,
2246,
310,
383,
273,
29928,
2491,
29915,
29879,
2734,
1250,
1051,
29892,
322,
2183,
777,
310,
278,
995,
13582,
472,
2734,
1250,
29892,
727,
29915,
29879,
2769,
304,
28747,
1075,
29889,
4587,
3236,
29892,
540,
29915,
29879,
263,
2107,
4847,
322,
17240,
278,
330,
3069,
4726,
393,
338,
278,
3087,
8970,
29871,
29946,
29929,
414,
29892,
541,
360,
9998,
338,
1048,
901,
1135,
393,
29889,
2973,
278,
4152,
4847,
11565,
3625,
304,
671,
29892,
306,
29915,
29885,
1568,
901,
1343,
1312,
304,
748,
411,
5677,
6764,
9143,
470,
20861,
347,
365,
4135,
297,
2253,
1993,
14340,
322,
11558,
1819,
29889,
13,
17351,
29892,
2050,
10106,
15511,
29871,
29896,
925,
920,
1784,
716,
10769,
526,
2675,
304,
1284,
1009,
982,
697,
383,
273,
29928,
2491,
411,
278,
20364,
4414,
1314,
310,
716,
18811,
275,
882,
29889,
319,
3287,
310,
1906,
716,
10769,
674,
367,
773,
5879,
1330
] | 2,663 | 1,024 | C4 | 5 | 7 |
Coordinating international river basin development
Managing rivers
Cooperating in management of drainage basins
Undertaking international river basin development
The entire territory of nearly one-quarter of non-island countries is part of an international river basin. By the mid-1970s, around 40% of the world's population was estimated to be living in international river basins. Yet more than one-third of the 200 major international river basins in the world are not covered by any international agreements, and fewer than 30 have cooperative institutional agreements. More treaties or agreements have been signed by European and North American countries.
The amount and the quality of water available in river basins are influenced by the activities in the co-riparian countries. The relationships between upper and lower riparians cause special problems: the larger the irrigated area in upstream countries, the less water is available to downstream countries; the greater the polluting activities in upstream countries, the poorer the quality of water received by downstream countries.
The positions of the different countries in an international river basin may be in accord - for instance, when countries have a common interest in increasing the dependable flow in the river by water storage and flow control schemes [etc]. This seems to be the case with rivers such as the Nile and the Senegal. In other cases, serious competition may develop between the upstream countries and the downstream countries. The Rhine is an example of divergent interests on water quality - with Switzerland, France and the Federal Republic of Germany polluting the water on which the Netherlands has to rely for a large part of its drinking water supply. The Ganges is an example of competition for water quantity, with flow diversions in India creating dry season problems in Bangladesh.
At the [United Nations Water Conference, 1977], considerable interest was expressed in international river basins. Many downstream countries joined in a call for an international code of conduct, or conventions; upstream countries, however, stressed sovereignty over their natural resources. Some basic problems still need to be resolved in order to promote regional and international co-operation on the use of shared bodies of water. For instance, considerable ambiguity surrounds the fundamental concept of "equitable use", articulated in the relevant Helsinki rule. The concept seems to be clear if it refers to water flow only, but difficulties emerge when it refers to equitable sharing of water quality or to how an upstream country should share water with downstream countries. Thus, there is, evidently, an urgent need to strengthen international laws and agreements that will put co-operation on water resources among states on a firmer basis.
The [UN Convention on Non-Navigational Uses of International Watercourses] was signed by the UN General Assembly on May 21 1997 and adopted by 104 votes in favour and 3 against (Burundi, China and Turkey). 27 countries abstained and 33 were absent. The Convention shall enter into force when it receives 35 instruments of ratification. Concerns about the Convention are: (a) hidden assumptions which reduce its usefulness in regions under rapid change, [ie] in the developing country regions, where efforts to improve socio-economic conditions are often contradictory in an upstream/downstream context; (b) incompatibility between its two core principles: one on equitable and reasonable use, and another on avoiding to cause downstream harm; vague, broad and general terms which allow expert advice to be "tailored" to legitimise each country's political views and demands; (d) failure to distinguish between consumptive and through-flow water use, the latter returning water to the river system after use where it can be reused provided the water quality is acceptable for reuse. (e) a number of aspects not adequately covered, [eg] groundwater issues, links between rivers, estuaries and the marine environment, the difficulties of ecological restoration and issues of climate change; and (f) the risk that the Convention - in August 2000 ratified by only seven countries - will lose in authority as time proceeds without reaching the needed number of ratifications to put it in force.
While there is much to be said in favour of comprehensiveness and completeness, a realistic water strategy should not be so ambitious as to put it beyond the realm of feasibility. The key elements of strategy for the future need to include: (1) ways and means of providing safe drinking water and sanitation facilities to all people on an urgent basis; (2) development of adequate water resources | 0.700335 | 1.552186 | 1.789693 | 1.424636 | [
0.3620248147161584,
1.038644476641546
] | [
1.8064554246926194,
1.2979169076006594
] | [
1.5918661770346785,
1.9875197769946245
] | [
1.211323164556904,
1.6379478885503769
] | 1,024 | [
512,
512
] | [
3189,
4194,
1218,
6121,
8580,
2362,
262,
5849,
13,
2517,
6751,
27515,
13,
7967,
3372,
1218,
297,
10643,
310,
270,
6038,
482,
2362,
1144,
13,
25263,
814,
5086,
6121,
8580,
2362,
262,
5849,
13,
1576,
4152,
20123,
310,
8886,
697,
29899,
339,
4254,
310,
1661,
29899,
275,
1049,
10916,
338,
760,
310,
385,
6121,
8580,
2362,
262,
29889,
2648,
278,
7145,
29899,
29896,
29929,
29955,
29900,
29879,
29892,
2820,
29871,
29946,
29900,
29995,
310,
278,
3186,
29915,
29879,
4665,
471,
15899,
304,
367,
8471,
297,
6121,
8580,
2362,
1144,
29889,
15175,
901,
1135,
697,
29899,
22585,
310,
278,
29871,
29906,
29900,
29900,
4655,
6121,
8580,
2362,
1144,
297,
278,
3186,
526,
451,
10664,
491,
738,
6121,
8571,
4110,
29892,
322,
28145,
1135,
29871,
29941,
29900,
505,
1302,
3372,
1230,
12666,
284,
8571,
4110,
29889,
5853,
7539,
583,
470,
8571,
4110,
505,
1063,
8794,
491,
7824,
322,
4644,
3082,
10916,
29889,
13,
1576,
5253,
322,
278,
11029,
310,
4094,
3625,
297,
8580,
2362,
1144,
526,
28482,
491,
278,
14188,
297,
278,
1302,
29899,
374,
862,
713,
10916,
29889,
450,
21702,
1546,
7568,
322,
5224,
18290,
1306,
550,
4556,
4266,
4828,
29901,
278,
7200,
278,
3805,
8966,
630,
4038,
297,
701,
5461,
10916,
29892,
278,
3109,
4094,
338,
3625,
304,
1623,
5461,
10916,
29936,
278,
7621,
278,
21180,
17068,
14188,
297,
701,
5461,
10916,
29892,
278,
6460,
261,
278,
11029,
310,
4094,
4520,
491,
1623,
5461,
10916,
29889,
13,
1576,
11909,
310,
278,
1422,
10916,
297,
385,
6121,
8580,
2362,
262,
1122,
367,
297,
15017,
448,
363,
2777,
29892,
746,
10916,
505,
263,
3619,
4066,
297,
10231,
278,
8839,
519,
4972,
297,
278,
8580,
491,
4094,
8635,
322,
4972,
2761,
27715,
518,
7070,
1822,
910,
2444,
304,
367,
278,
1206,
411,
27515,
1316,
408,
278,
405,
488,
322,
278,
5811,
387,
284,
29889,
512,
916,
4251,
29892,
10676,
13888,
1122,
2693,
1546,
278,
701,
5461,
10916,
322,
278,
1623,
5461,
10916,
29889,
450,
7861,
457,
338,
385,
1342,
310,
17089,
5362,
20017,
373,
4094,
11029,
448,
411,
28806,
29892,
3444,
322,
278,
14879,
8063,
310,
9556,
21180,
17068,
278,
4094,
373,
607,
278,
24553,
756,
304,
19104,
363,
263,
2919,
760,
310,
967,
13748,
292,
4094,
11421,
29889,
450,
402,
6916,
338,
385,
1342,
310,
13888,
363,
4094,
14728,
29892,
411,
4972,
6894,
1080,
297,
7513,
4969,
15589,
4259,
4828,
297,
14320,
29880,
21754,
29889,
13,
4178,
278,
518,
2525,
1573,
18269,
13062,
16377,
29892,
29871,
29896,
29929,
29955,
29955,
1402,
15620,
4066,
471,
13384,
297,
6121,
8580,
2362,
1144,
29889,
9267,
1623,
5461,
10916,
8772,
297,
263,
1246,
363,
385,
6121,
775,
310,
7512,
29892,
470,
13064,
1080,
29936,
701,
5461,
10916,
29892,
3138,
29892,
851,
11517,
577,
9359,
335,
593,
29891,
975,
1009,
5613,
7788,
29889,
3834,
6996,
4828,
1603,
817,
304,
367,
11527,
297,
1797,
304,
27391,
14014,
322,
6121,
1302,
29899,
16453,
373,
278,
671,
310,
7258,
17873,
310,
4094,
29889,
1152,
2777,
29892,
15620,
22363,
537,
8388,
3885,
278,
15281,
6964,
310,
376,
1686,
8270,
671,
613,
1616,
293,
7964,
297,
278,
8018,
23278,
682,
29875,
5751,
29889,
450,
6964,
2444,
304,
367,
2821,
565,
372,
14637,
304,
4094,
4972,
871,
29892,
541,
23553,
11176,
479,
746,
372,
14637,
304,
1592,
8270,
19383,
310,
4094,
11029,
470,
304,
920,
385,
701,
5461,
4234,
881,
6232,
4094,
411,
1623,
5461,
10916,
29889,
6549,
29892,
727,
338,
29892,
25524,
29892,
385,
5065,
5362,
817,
304,
9324,
264,
6121,
14243,
322,
8571,
4110,
393,
674,
1925,
1302,
29899,
16453,
373,
4094,
7788,
4249,
5922,
373,
263,
13734,
1050,
8405,
29889,
13,
1576,
518,
3904,
26774,
373,
10050,
29899,
29940,
3723,
1288,
10783,
267,
310,
4623,
13062,
29883,
29781,
29962,
471,
8794,
491,
278,
8291,
4593,
13266,
373,
2610,
29871,
29906,
29896,
29871,
29896,
29929,
29929,
29955,
322,
16356,
491,
29871,
29896,
29900,
29946,
18952,
297,
15381,
322,
29871,
29941,
2750,
313,
29933,
332,
870,
29875,
29892,
7551,
322,
26459,
467,
29871,
29906,
29955,
10916,
633,
303,
7114,
322,
29871,
29941,
29941,
892,
29207,
29889,
450,
26774,
4091,
3896,
964,
4889,
746,
372,
20586,
29871,
29941,
29945,
23643,
310,
7548,
2450,
29889,
23924,
824,
29879,
1048,
278,
26774,
526,
29901,
313,
29874,
29897,
7934,
20813,
607,
10032,
967,
5407,
2264,
297,
12786,
1090,
10952,
1735,
29892,
518,
347,
29962,
297,
278,
14338,
4234,
12786,
29892,
988,
14231,
304,
11157,
577,
3934,
29899,
29872,
4599,
293,
5855,
526,
4049,
27877,
706,
297,
385,
701,
5461,
29914,
3204,
5461,
3030,
29936,
313,
29890,
29897,
297,
12667,
4127,
1546,
967,
1023,
7136,
18671,
29901,
697,
373,
1592,
8270,
322,
15590,
671,
29892,
322,
1790,
373,
4772,
292,
304,
4556,
1623,
5461,
10311,
29936,
25160,
29892,
7300,
322,
2498,
4958,
607,
2758,
17924,
9848,
304,
367,
376,
18237,
4395,
29908,
304,
25204,
326,
895,
1269,
4234,
29915,
29879,
8604,
8386,
322,
1261,
4167,
29936,
313,
29881,
29897,
10672,
304,
20820,
1546,
11233,
415,
573,
322,
1549,
29899,
1731,
4094,
671,
29892,
278,
7480,
7863,
4094,
304,
278,
8580,
1788,
1156,
671,
988,
372,
508,
367,
337,
3880,
4944,
278,
4094,
11029,
338,
22691,
363,
24270,
29889,
313,
29872,
29897,
263,
1353,
310,
21420,
451,
19967,
339,
2486,
10664,
29892,
518,
387,
29962,
5962,
13405,
5626,
29892,
2988,
1546,
27515,
29892,
707,
29884,
4314,
322,
278,
23585,
5177,
29892,
278,
23553,
310,
321,
21553,
936,
1791,
12418,
322,
5626,
310,
23622,
1735,
29936,
322,
313,
29888,
29897,
278,
12045,
393,
278,
26774,
448,
297,
3111,
29871,
29906,
29900,
29900,
29900,
7548,
2164,
491,
871,
9881,
10916,
448,
674,
14074,
297,
14329,
408,
931,
8469,
29879,
1728,
20888,
278,
4312,
1353,
310,
7548,
8232,
304,
1925,
372,
297,
4889,
29889,
13,
8809,
488,
727,
338,
1568,
304,
367,
1497,
297,
15381,
310,
15171,
575,
20193,
322,
1614,
841,
404,
29892,
263,
1855,
4695,
4094,
13705,
881,
451,
367,
577,
626,
2966,
2738,
408,
304,
1925,
372,
8724,
278,
1855,
29885,
310,
28326,
4127,
29889,
450,
1820,
3161,
310,
13705,
363,
278,
5434,
817,
304,
3160,
29901,
313,
29896,
29897,
5837,
322,
2794,
310,
13138,
9109,
13748,
292,
4094,
322,
9753,
7018,
23330,
304,
599,
2305,
373,
385,
5065,
5362,
8405,
29936,
313,
29906,
29897,
5849,
310,
19967,
339,
403,
4094,
7788
] | 2,674 | 0 | CommonCrawl | 7 | 9 |
to meet the demand in agriculture and industry; (3) development of institutional and human resources for efficient water resources management.
[Africa] Africa is the continent where most of the river systems are international, in the sense that the river basins are shared by several countries. Of the nine international water bodies shared by six or more countries, five are in Africa. The Niger runs through 10 countries: the Nile and Zaire, through nine countries: the Zambezi through eight countries; and Lake Chad is shared by six countries. Nearly 60% of the surface area of Africa is accounted for by shared river and lake basins, and at least 80% of the total surface area of 20 African countries lies within international basins. This makes Africa particularly liable to the problems of co-operation encountered when shared water resources have to be partitioned among the countries within the joint water divide.
Intergovernmental commissions or planning agencies have been established for co-ordinating and integrating the development of several basins. Progress in most cases has been rather slow, and it is likely that the problems will become more complex and intense. For instance, when the Sudan requires more water for irrigation, it can draw it from the Nile. But that would be detrimental to Egypt, which already uses all the water it can get. Similarly, the construction of dams in Ethiopia may be essential to the development of land for irrigation in Somalia. With relations strained between Ethiopia and Somalia, dams may not be a feasible solution in the short-term. In addition, countries depending on hydro-electric power from the Kariba and Volta dams have to agree among themselves to release adequate amounts of water for irrigation. Thus far, there has been considerable reluctance, especially at the Kariba, to release water for irrigation at the expense of hydro-electricity.
[Europe] In Europe, significant progress is in sight on the prevention and control of pollution of transboundary waters. Several bilateral and multilateral agreements and conventions have been signed. Notable examples are the agreements on ecological objectives with respect to the utilization of the waters of the Rhine and the Danube. In 1985, ECE adopted a regional strategy for environmental protection and the rational use of natural resources, which aims, inter alia, at dealing with transboundary water pollution, municipal and industrial waste water and agricultural and aqua-cultural activities.
The [Environment Programme for the Danube River Basin] was agreed in September 1991 in Sofia by 11 riparian states in Central and Eastern Europe. It a multilateral initiative to protect the Danube watershed. Under the Programme, a Strategic Action Plan for the period 1995-2005 was prepared, setting out strategies for dealing with the environment-related problems in the Danube basin. The Plan sets targets to be met within ten years and defines a series of actions to meet them with the aim of achieving four objectives: (1) to reduce the negative impacts of activities in the Danube basin and the Black Sea; (2) to maintain and improve the availability and quality of water in the Danube basin; (3) to control hazards from accidental spills; and (4) to develop cooperation in the field of regional water management. The Action Plan is addressed to the officials of national, regional and local governments who share responsibility for implementing the Convention on Cooperation for the Protection and Sustainable Use of the Danube River and the national environmental action programmes prepared under the [Environmental Action Programme for Central and Eastern Europe]. The Plan also recognises industry, agriculture, NGOs and the public as important actors. The regional strategies set out in the Action Plan are intended to support national decision-making on water management and on the restoration and protection of vulnerable and valuable areas in the Danube Basin. Each country is to designate a national authority to coordinate its activities in implementation of the Action Plan. The Danube Programme Coordination Unit and the future international secretariat of the Danube River Protection Convention play important roles in coordinating national and international activities.
The [Convention on Cooperation for the Protection and Sustainable Use of the Danube River, 1994] sets out to establish a framework for joint activities and exchange of information (on bi- and multilateral agreements, legal regulations etc.), to protect the marine environment, to prevent and control pollution in the Danube and to ensure sustainable use of the water resources of countries | 0.67979 | 1.70618 | 1.80491 | 1.237337 | [
0.5839122342139575,
0.7756667942737839
] | [
1.8351054819935746,
1.5772549662849753
] | [
1.8353453154715684,
1.7744755308623459
] | [
1.076051910607754,
1.3986218238711117
] | 1,024 | [
512,
512
] | [
304,
5870,
278,
9667,
297,
18032,
545,
322,
13661,
29936,
313,
29941,
29897,
5849,
310,
12666,
284,
322,
5199,
7788,
363,
8543,
4094,
7788,
10643,
29889,
13,
29961,
29909,
18961,
29962,
10557,
338,
278,
25523,
988,
1556,
310,
278,
8580,
6757,
526,
6121,
29892,
297,
278,
4060,
393,
278,
8580,
2362,
1144,
526,
7258,
491,
3196,
10916,
29889,
4587,
278,
14183,
6121,
4094,
17873,
7258,
491,
4832,
470,
901,
10916,
29892,
5320,
526,
297,
10557,
29889,
450,
20537,
6057,
1549,
29871,
29896,
29900,
10916,
29901,
278,
405,
488,
322,
796,
5218,
29892,
1549,
14183,
10916,
29901,
278,
29225,
915,
2526,
1549,
9475,
10916,
29936,
322,
9459,
678,
328,
338,
7258,
491,
4832,
10916,
29889,
26206,
368,
29871,
29953,
29900,
29995,
310,
278,
7101,
4038,
310,
10557,
338,
3633,
287,
363,
491,
7258,
8580,
322,
19437,
2362,
1144,
29892,
322,
472,
3203,
29871,
29947,
29900,
29995,
310,
278,
3001,
7101,
4038,
310,
29871,
29906,
29900,
11715,
10916,
12185,
2629,
6121,
2362,
1144,
29889,
910,
3732,
10557,
10734,
619,
519,
304,
278,
4828,
310,
1302,
29899,
16453,
18169,
746,
7258,
4094,
7788,
505,
304,
367,
8877,
287,
4249,
278,
10916,
2629,
278,
14002,
4094,
16429,
29889,
13,
4074,
29887,
6170,
358,
284,
844,
6847,
470,
18987,
946,
15942,
505,
1063,
7841,
363,
1302,
29899,
4194,
1218,
322,
3990,
1218,
278,
5849,
310,
3196,
2362,
1144,
29889,
20018,
297,
1556,
4251,
756,
1063,
3265,
5232,
29892,
322,
372,
338,
5517,
393,
278,
4828,
674,
4953,
901,
4280,
322,
17818,
344,
29889,
1152,
2777,
29892,
746,
278,
8383,
273,
6858,
901,
4094,
363,
3805,
8966,
362,
29892,
372,
508,
4216,
372,
515,
278,
405,
488,
29889,
1205,
393,
723,
367,
1439,
29878,
2073,
284,
304,
12892,
29892,
607,
2307,
3913,
599,
278,
4094,
372,
508,
679,
29889,
20175,
29892,
278,
7632,
310,
270,
2232,
297,
13772,
21260,
423,
1122,
367,
18853,
304,
278,
5849,
310,
2982,
363,
3805,
8966,
362,
297,
6254,
19627,
29889,
2973,
5302,
5312,
1312,
1546,
13772,
21260,
423,
322,
6254,
19627,
29892,
270,
2232,
1122,
451,
367,
263,
28326,
1821,
1650,
297,
278,
3273,
29899,
8489,
29889,
512,
6124,
29892,
10916,
8679,
373,
17546,
29899,
15436,
2200,
3081,
515,
278,
3467,
16912,
322,
3684,
941,
270,
2232,
505,
304,
8661,
4249,
6053,
304,
6507,
19967,
339,
403,
26999,
310,
4094,
363,
3805,
8966,
362,
29889,
6549,
2215,
29892,
727,
756,
1063,
15620,
1104,
5313,
749,
29892,
7148,
472,
278,
3467,
16912,
29892,
304,
6507,
4094,
363,
3805,
8966,
362,
472,
278,
1518,
1947,
310,
17546,
29899,
15436,
2200,
537,
29889,
13,
29961,
15654,
29962,
512,
4092,
29892,
7282,
6728,
338,
297,
11126,
373,
278,
5557,
291,
322,
2761,
310,
21180,
918,
310,
1301,
9917,
653,
19922,
29889,
21882,
13181,
1008,
284,
322,
1773,
309,
1008,
284,
8571,
4110,
322,
13064,
1080,
505,
1063,
8794,
29889,
24844,
6455,
526,
278,
8571,
4110,
373,
321,
21553,
936,
1203,
3145,
411,
3390,
304,
278,
3667,
2133,
310,
278,
19922,
310,
278,
7861,
457,
322,
278,
3951,
4003,
29889,
512,
29871,
29896,
29929,
29947,
29945,
29892,
382,
4741,
16356,
263,
14014,
13705,
363,
29380,
13047,
322,
278,
17903,
671,
310,
5613,
7788,
29892,
607,
263,
9893,
29892,
1006,
394,
423,
29892,
472,
16743,
411,
1301,
9917,
653,
4094,
21180,
918,
29892,
11677,
322,
18408,
19863,
4094,
322,
18032,
3631,
322,
10592,
29874,
29899,
29883,
499,
3631,
14188,
29889,
13,
1576,
518,
18649,
7835,
1004,
363,
278,
3951,
4003,
6163,
4886,
262,
29962,
471,
15502,
297,
3839,
29871,
29896,
29929,
29929,
29896,
297,
21541,
423,
491,
29871,
29896,
29896,
18290,
13956,
5922,
297,
8068,
322,
16162,
4092,
29889,
739,
263,
1773,
309,
1008,
284,
14511,
1230,
304,
12566,
278,
3951,
4003,
19922,
17143,
29889,
7634,
278,
7835,
1004,
29892,
263,
3767,
1845,
293,
9123,
8402,
363,
278,
3785,
29871,
29896,
29929,
29929,
29945,
29899,
29906,
29900,
29900,
29945,
471,
13240,
29892,
4444,
714,
16650,
583,
363,
16743,
411,
278,
5177,
29899,
12817,
4828,
297,
278,
3951,
4003,
2362,
262,
29889,
450,
8402,
6166,
22525,
304,
367,
1539,
2629,
3006,
2440,
322,
17645,
263,
3652,
310,
8820,
304,
5870,
963,
411,
278,
12242,
310,
3657,
15387,
3023,
1203,
3145,
29901,
313,
29896,
29897,
304,
10032,
278,
8178,
10879,
29879,
310,
14188,
297,
278,
3951,
4003,
2362,
262,
322,
278,
6054,
14070,
29936,
313,
29906,
29897,
304,
7344,
322,
11157,
278,
20847,
3097,
322,
11029,
310,
4094,
297,
278,
3951,
4003,
2362,
262,
29936,
313,
29941,
29897,
304,
2761,
447,
29920,
3163,
515,
11423,
284,
805,
6090,
29936,
322,
313,
29946,
29897,
304,
2693,
1302,
16453,
297,
278,
1746,
310,
14014,
4094,
10643,
29889,
450,
9123,
8402,
338,
20976,
304,
278,
24921,
310,
4797,
29892,
14014,
322,
1887,
4095,
1860,
1058,
6232,
23134,
363,
16049,
278,
26774,
373,
3189,
16453,
363,
278,
14409,
428,
322,
317,
504,
475,
519,
4803,
310,
278,
3951,
4003,
6163,
322,
278,
4797,
29380,
3158,
1824,
4467,
13240,
1090,
278,
518,
18649,
284,
9123,
7835,
1004,
363,
8068,
322,
16162,
4092,
1822,
450,
8402,
884,
5936,
4637,
13661,
29892,
18032,
545,
29892,
405,
17080,
29879,
322,
278,
970,
408,
4100,
29701,
29889,
450,
14014,
16650,
583,
731,
714,
297,
278,
9123,
8402,
526,
9146,
304,
2304,
4797,
10608,
29899,
28990,
373,
4094,
10643,
322,
373,
278,
1791,
12418,
322,
13047,
310,
23180,
519,
322,
21114,
10161,
297,
278,
3951,
4003,
4886,
262,
29889,
7806,
4234,
338,
304,
2874,
403,
263,
4797,
14329,
304,
14821,
967,
14188,
297,
5314,
310,
278,
9123,
8402,
29889,
450,
3951,
4003,
7835,
1004,
3189,
536,
3381,
13223,
322,
278,
5434,
6121,
7035,
29294,
310,
278,
3951,
4003,
6163,
14409,
428,
26774,
1708,
4100,
16178,
297,
6615,
1218,
4797,
322,
6121,
14188,
29889,
13,
1576,
518,
1168,
7316,
373,
3189,
16453,
363,
278,
14409,
428,
322,
317,
504,
475,
519,
4803,
310,
278,
3951,
4003,
6163,
29892,
29871,
29896,
29929,
29929,
29946,
29962,
6166,
714,
304,
10127,
263,
6890,
363,
14002,
14188,
322,
14523,
310,
2472,
313,
265,
4768,
29899,
322,
1773,
309,
1008,
284,
8571,
4110,
29892,
11706,
1072,
8250,
2992,
9774,
304,
12566,
278,
23585,
5177,
29892,
304,
5557,
322,
2761,
21180,
918,
297,
278,
3951,
4003,
322,
304,
9801,
15075,
475,
519,
671,
310,
278,
4094,
7788,
310,
10916
] | 2,674 | 1,024 | CommonCrawl | 7 | 9 |
through which the Danube flows. Under the Convention, all countries should adopt the same monitoring systems and methods of assessing environmental impact. The Convention also addresses the question of liability for cross-border pollution, lays down rules for the protection of wetland habitats and establishes guidelines for conserving areas of ecological importance or of great aesthetic value. The signatories have agreed to cooperate on fundamental water management issues by taking "all appropriate legal, administrative and technical measures to at least maintain and improve the current environmental and water quality conditions of the Danube River and of the waters in its catchment area and to prevent and reduce as far as possible adverse impacts and changes occurring or likely to be caused". The Parties should evaluate the importance of different biotopes for the riverine ecology and propose measures for improving the aquatic and littoral ecological conditions. The Danube countries have agreed to cooperate in implementing the Convention before it formally comes into force and the Strategic Action Plan will be an important tool to do this. They have also agreed to establish an interim international secretariat. When the Convention enters into force, responsibility for the water-related parts of the Environmental Programme will be transferred to the international commission and its secretariat. In the meantime the interim secretariat and the Environmental Programme Coordination Unit will work closely together. The International Commission for the Protection of the Danube River has been established to provide a framework for regional cooperation under the Convention. The Parties shall report to the commission on progress. The task of coordinating the various implementing activities lies with the Programme Management Task Force.
[Asia] In Asia, some 65% of the drainage area of rivers is from river basins shared by two or more countries. A number of co-operative agreements have been reached on important shared river basins - for instance, the Permanent Indus Commission which regulates the allocation of waters from the Indus River basin between India and Pakistan: the agreement between China and the Democratic People Republic of Korea for the joint development of the Yalu River; the Joint Rivers Commission for the Ganges and the Brahmaputra between Bangladesh and India; the Interim Committee for the Co-ordination of Investigations of the Lower Mekong Basin, and agreements between Afghanistan and the former USSR on the Amu River basin, between Afghanistan and Iran (Islamic Republic of) on the Helmand River basin, and between Malaysia and Thailand on the Golok River basin. No doubt, as the demand for water increases and pollution from agricultural and industrial sources grows, such regional and international co-operative agreements, most of which are loose and lacking in coverage, will have to be strengthened in order to ensure the equitable and effective use, conservation and development of water resources.
In Western Asia, where some 95% of the average annual discharge from rivers emanates from river basins shared by two or more countries, so far only two co-operative agreements for the development of shared river basins exist. The joint Syro-Jordanian Commission is empowered with integrated planning and development of the Yarmouk River basin, and the Trilateral Commission on the Euphrates River deals with the collection and analysis of river flow and rainfall data. In this region, tensions among riparian countries are likely to grow with increasing demand for water.
[South America] In South America, international river and lake basins account for about 75% of the total flow of water. Thus far, international co-operation covers only 15 of the region's shared basins, and most of the agreements are restricted to exchange of information, research and joint studies. The only two working multilateral agreements are those on the Plata River basin and the Amazon basin.
1. Water scarcity is the largest issue of the higher politics of water basin management, particularly because historically shortages have caused wars. This is directly linked to environmental decline. Once exclusively national or new sources of water are no longer available, there is a tremendous pressure on countries to develop transboundary water bodies.
2. The ultimate water management goal must be a hydrosolidarity between all those living in the basin, upstreamers as well as downstreamers. Whether they are citizens of the same country or of different countries does not make any principal difference. A number of conditions are fundamental to this end: (a) motivation through awareness building; (b) institutions able to handle the trade offs and compromise building negotiations; (c) social acceptance of the solutions arrived at through | 0.745534 | 1.587999 | 1.561431 | 1.232134 | [
0.6167844445099279,
0.8742834251616947
] | [
1.5557674233092587,
1.6202300522364086
] | [
1.6020111411362157,
1.520851428323919
] | [
1.076051910607754,
1.3882163427981
] | 1,024 | [
512,
512
] | [
1549,
607,
278,
3951,
4003,
24536,
29889,
7634,
278,
26774,
29892,
599,
10916,
881,
9332,
278,
1021,
29652,
6757,
322,
3519,
310,
24809,
292,
29380,
10879,
29889,
450,
26774,
884,
14157,
278,
1139,
310,
619,
3097,
363,
4891,
29899,
11466,
21180,
918,
29892,
301,
1036,
1623,
6865,
363,
278,
13047,
310,
7990,
1049,
4760,
1446,
322,
10127,
267,
1410,
10652,
1475,
363,
21929,
1747,
10161,
310,
321,
21553,
936,
13500,
470,
310,
2107,
263,
342,
29882,
7492,
995,
29889,
450,
1804,
1061,
583,
505,
15502,
304,
1302,
3372,
403,
373,
15281,
4094,
10643,
5626,
491,
5622,
376,
497,
8210,
11706,
29892,
19185,
322,
16905,
15366,
304,
472,
3203,
7344,
322,
11157,
278,
1857,
29380,
322,
4094,
11029,
5855,
310,
278,
3951,
4003,
6163,
322,
310,
278,
19922,
297,
967,
4380,
358,
4038,
322,
304,
5557,
322,
10032,
408,
2215,
408,
1950,
594,
3901,
10879,
29879,
322,
3620,
13920,
292,
470,
5517,
304,
367,
8581,
1642,
450,
3455,
583,
881,
14707,
278,
13500,
310,
1422,
4768,
327,
459,
267,
363,
278,
8580,
457,
321,
1054,
6933,
322,
16193,
15366,
363,
4857,
1747,
278,
10592,
2454,
322,
15694,
11251,
321,
21553,
936,
5855,
29889,
450,
3951,
4003,
10916,
505,
15502,
304,
1302,
3372,
403,
297,
16049,
278,
26774,
1434,
372,
28269,
5304,
964,
4889,
322,
278,
3767,
1845,
293,
9123,
8402,
674,
367,
385,
4100,
5780,
304,
437,
445,
29889,
2688,
505,
884,
15502,
304,
10127,
385,
1006,
326,
6121,
7035,
29294,
29889,
1932,
278,
26774,
24395,
964,
4889,
29892,
23134,
363,
278,
4094,
29899,
12817,
5633,
310,
278,
16738,
284,
7835,
1004,
674,
367,
18440,
304,
278,
6121,
12969,
322,
967,
7035,
29294,
29889,
512,
278,
6839,
603,
278,
1006,
326,
7035,
29294,
322,
278,
16738,
284,
7835,
1004,
3189,
536,
3381,
13223,
674,
664,
16467,
4208,
29889,
450,
4623,
11444,
363,
278,
14409,
428,
310,
278,
3951,
4003,
6163,
756,
1063,
7841,
304,
3867,
263,
6890,
363,
14014,
1302,
16453,
1090,
278,
26774,
29889,
450,
3455,
583,
4091,
3461,
304,
278,
12969,
373,
6728,
29889,
450,
3414,
310,
6615,
1218,
278,
5164,
16049,
14188,
12185,
411,
278,
7835,
1004,
15057,
9330,
11004,
29889,
13,
29961,
2887,
423,
29962,
512,
14325,
29892,
777,
29871,
29953,
29945,
29995,
310,
278,
270,
6038,
482,
4038,
310,
27515,
338,
515,
8580,
2362,
1144,
7258,
491,
1023,
470,
901,
10916,
29889,
319,
1353,
310,
1302,
29899,
3372,
1230,
8571,
4110,
505,
1063,
7450,
373,
4100,
7258,
8580,
2362,
1144,
448,
363,
2777,
29892,
278,
349,
3504,
296,
1894,
375,
11444,
607,
24378,
1078,
278,
24082,
310,
19922,
515,
278,
1894,
375,
6163,
2362,
262,
1546,
7513,
322,
21215,
29901,
278,
17327,
1546,
7551,
322,
278,
19083,
11647,
8063,
310,
19109,
363,
278,
14002,
5849,
310,
278,
612,
22349,
6163,
29936,
278,
435,
2461,
390,
1536,
11444,
363,
278,
402,
6916,
322,
278,
5032,
29882,
1958,
329,
336,
1546,
14320,
29880,
21754,
322,
7513,
29936,
278,
4124,
326,
12930,
363,
278,
3189,
29899,
536,
3381,
310,
28246,
800,
310,
278,
27723,
341,
1416,
549,
4886,
262,
29892,
322,
8571,
4110,
1546,
27135,
9777,
322,
278,
4642,
17676,
29934,
373,
278,
1913,
29884,
6163,
2362,
262,
29892,
1546,
27135,
9777,
322,
14883,
313,
29902,
2536,
314,
293,
8063,
310,
29897,
373,
278,
6162,
29885,
392,
6163,
2362,
262,
29892,
322,
1546,
26417,
423,
322,
498,
26517,
373,
278,
20268,
554,
6163,
2362,
262,
29889,
1939,
7404,
29892,
408,
278,
9667,
363,
4094,
16415,
322,
21180,
918,
515,
18032,
3631,
322,
18408,
8974,
25088,
29892,
1316,
14014,
322,
6121,
1302,
29899,
3372,
1230,
8571,
4110,
29892,
1556,
310,
607,
526,
23819,
322,
10225,
292,
297,
23746,
29892,
674,
505,
304,
367,
9324,
6419,
297,
1797,
304,
9801,
278,
1592,
8270,
322,
11828,
671,
29892,
24201,
322,
5849,
310,
4094,
7788,
29889,
13,
797,
10504,
14325,
29892,
988,
777,
29871,
29929,
29945,
29995,
310,
278,
6588,
17568,
766,
23367,
515,
27515,
953,
273,
1078,
515,
8580,
2362,
1144,
7258,
491,
1023,
470,
901,
10916,
29892,
577,
2215,
871,
1023,
1302,
29899,
3372,
1230,
8571,
4110,
363,
278,
5849,
310,
7258,
8580,
2362,
1144,
1863,
29889,
450,
14002,
8713,
307,
29899,
29967,
536,
273,
713,
11444,
338,
3710,
1680,
287,
411,
23387,
18987,
322,
5849,
310,
278,
612,
2817,
283,
29895,
6163,
2362,
262,
29892,
322,
278,
1605,
309,
1008,
284,
11444,
373,
278,
16430,
24588,
1078,
6163,
316,
1338,
411,
278,
4333,
322,
7418,
310,
8580,
4972,
322,
1153,
7192,
497,
848,
29889,
512,
445,
5120,
29892,
260,
5580,
4249,
18290,
13956,
10916,
526,
5517,
304,
6548,
411,
10231,
9667,
363,
4094,
29889,
13,
29961,
29903,
2438,
6813,
29962,
512,
4275,
6813,
29892,
6121,
8580,
322,
19437,
2362,
1144,
3633,
363,
1048,
29871,
29955,
29945,
29995,
310,
278,
3001,
4972,
310,
4094,
29889,
6549,
2215,
29892,
6121,
1302,
29899,
16453,
18469,
871,
29871,
29896,
29945,
310,
278,
5120,
29915,
29879,
7258,
2362,
1144,
29892,
322,
1556,
310,
278,
8571,
4110,
526,
22078,
304,
14523,
310,
2472,
29892,
5925,
322,
14002,
11898,
29889,
450,
871,
1023,
1985,
1773,
309,
1008,
284,
8571,
4110,
526,
1906,
373,
278,
1858,
532,
6163,
2362,
262,
322,
278,
16631,
2362,
262,
29889,
13,
29896,
29889,
13062,
19494,
537,
338,
278,
10150,
2228,
310,
278,
6133,
22661,
310,
4094,
2362,
262,
10643,
29892,
10734,
1363,
3603,
1711,
3273,
1179,
505,
8581,
29129,
29889,
910,
338,
4153,
9024,
304,
29380,
4845,
457,
29889,
9038,
13489,
3598,
4797,
470,
716,
8974,
310,
4094,
526,
694,
5520,
3625,
29892,
727,
338,
263,
14586,
355,
681,
12959,
373,
10916,
304,
2693,
1301,
9917,
653,
4094,
17873,
29889,
13,
29906,
29889,
450,
8494,
6490,
4094,
10643,
7306,
1818,
367,
263,
27246,
1883,
17211,
279,
537,
1546,
599,
1906,
8471,
297,
278,
2362,
262,
29892,
701,
5461,
414,
408,
1532,
408,
1623,
5461,
414,
29889,
26460,
896,
526,
18363,
310,
278,
1021,
4234,
470,
310,
1422,
10916,
947,
451,
1207,
738,
5882,
4328,
29889,
319,
1353,
310,
5855,
526,
15281,
304,
445,
1095,
29901,
313,
29874,
29897,
17385,
362,
1549,
3773,
8326,
404,
5214,
29936,
313,
29890,
29897,
21561,
2221,
304,
4386,
278,
11302,
1283,
29879,
322,
19632,
895,
5214,
27214,
800,
29936,
313,
29883,
29897,
5264,
3544,
749,
310,
278,
6851,
11977,
472,
1549
] | 2,674 | 2,048 | CommonCrawl | 7 | 9 |
Home Dealers and Companies World Paper Money – Arts and Commerce: Part II – Composers
Paper Money World
World Paper Money – Arts and Commerce: Part II – Composers
Paper Money Guaranty
By Luke Wilson – Paper Money Guaranty (PMG) ……
Austria, Belgium, France and Poland are just a few countries that depict famous composers on their banknotes
In case you missed Part I of my article, you can find it here. There are many famous and notable individuals on paper money that could be showcased in these articles, but rather than list every poet, athlete or philosopher, it is important that the final article of this series include a group that has set themselves apart. I would be remiss if I did not include some of the composers whose music has lived on long after their passing. Their compositions are instantly recognizable, and their place on their nation's currency is well deserved.
Austria P-153, front. Images courtesy PMG unless otherwise noted.
Austria P-153, back
Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart is one of the world's most famous composers, maybe second only to Ludwig van Beethoven.
But the latter never appeared on an issued banknote as far as I can tell, so at least Mozart has a banknote in his favor.
Mozart's most famous compositions were written in the final three years of his life, following his move to Vienna from Salzburg. Modern listeners will be familiar with Eine kleine Nachtmusik, the third movement of his Piano Sonata No. 11, titled "Rondo Alla Turca", as well as his unfinished Requiem. Mozart appears on the Austrian 5,000 Schilling note (pictured above) with a date of January 4, 1988, even though the note was issued the following year. The back of the note features the Vienna State Opera.
Austria P-138a, front
Austria P-138a, back
Johann Strauss II is the second Austrian composer on this list, and like Mozart, Strauss was based in Vienna, where he composed his most recognizable works. Strauss was the oldest child of Johann Straus I, who was also a composer, although his father disapproved of his son following in his footsteps. Strauss' most famous works include his waltzes The Blue Danube, Vienna Blood and Tales from the Vienna Woods. Strauss appears on the 100 Schilling note (pictured above) with a date of July 1, 1960, with an issue date of the following year. The back of the note features the Schönbrunn castle.
France P-151, front
France P-151, back
The next composer is a personal favorite of mine.
Claude Debussy was a French composer whose style is linked with the Impressionist movement from 1875-1925. He was known for his compositions for piano, including the Suite bergamasque, specifically the third movement, titled "Clair de lune", the orchestral Images pour orchestre and Deux arabesques, one of the earliest examples of Impressionist music.
Debussy appears on the French 20 Franc note (pictured above), first issued in 1980, and in circulation until 1997. The waves behind Debussy on the front are a reference to his operatic composition La mer (The Sea). The back of the note features a painted image of Debussy with a lake scene, which appeared in the opera Pelléas and Mélisande, which he scored.
Poland P-150, front
Poland P-150, back
Frédéric Chopin was a Polish composer of French descent who was known for his virtuosic piano compositions.
Chopin was a child prodigy who began composing and performing publicly at the age of seven. It is believed that after attending a concert by celebrated violinist Niccolò Paganini that Chopin began work on his Études, which includes most notably the Étude Op. 10, No. 3. Another famous work is "Marche funèbre" from his Piano Sonata No. 2, which has been performed at the funerals of world leaders from John F. Kennedy, Margaret Thatcher, Leonid Brezhnev, as well as Chopin himself. | 0.863326 | 1.566511 | 0.336427 | 0.004287 | [
0.644177953089903,
1.0824740903695063
] | [
1.4411671941054367,
1.6918551954887975
] | [
0.4251953053579147,
0.24765843358101589
] | [
-0.1778085586901362,
0.18638327886526757
] | 1,024 | [
512,
512
] | [
8778,
897,
284,
414,
322,
3831,
273,
583,
2787,
349,
7202,
341,
4992,
785,
11401,
322,
422,
15667,
29901,
3455,
1944,
785,
24497,
414,
13,
29925,
7202,
341,
4992,
2787,
13,
14058,
349,
7202,
341,
4992,
785,
11401,
322,
422,
15667,
29901,
3455,
1944,
785,
24497,
414,
13,
29925,
7202,
341,
4992,
2088,
279,
424,
29891,
13,
2059,
25556,
13015,
785,
349,
7202,
341,
4992,
2088,
279,
424,
29891,
313,
13427,
29954,
29897,
16088,
30098,
13,
29909,
504,
2849,
29892,
9923,
1974,
29892,
3444,
322,
18898,
526,
925,
263,
2846,
10916,
393,
1401,
919,
13834,
5541,
414,
373,
1009,
9124,
16953,
13,
797,
1206,
366,
13726,
3455,
306,
310,
590,
4274,
29892,
366,
508,
1284,
372,
1244,
29889,
1670,
526,
1784,
13834,
322,
18697,
15724,
373,
5650,
6909,
393,
1033,
367,
1510,
29883,
1463,
297,
1438,
7456,
29892,
541,
3265,
1135,
1051,
1432,
9821,
29892,
17622,
2810,
470,
8578,
359,
13434,
29892,
372,
338,
4100,
393,
278,
2186,
4274,
310,
445,
3652,
3160,
263,
2318,
393,
756,
731,
6053,
12435,
29889,
306,
723,
367,
1083,
790,
565,
306,
1258,
451,
3160,
777,
310,
278,
5541,
414,
5069,
4696,
756,
10600,
373,
1472,
1156,
1009,
6819,
29889,
11275,
5541,
2187,
526,
26232,
5936,
13902,
29892,
322,
1009,
2058,
373,
1009,
5233,
29915,
29879,
27550,
338,
1532,
553,
9841,
29889,
13,
29909,
504,
2849,
349,
29899,
29896,
29945,
29941,
29892,
4565,
29889,
1954,
1179,
2085,
2167,
29891,
11278,
29954,
6521,
6467,
11682,
29889,
13,
29909,
504,
2849,
349,
29899,
29896,
29945,
29941,
29892,
1250,
13,
29956,
4369,
8029,
11562,
311,
375,
18129,
442,
338,
697,
310,
278,
3186,
29915,
29879,
1556,
13834,
5541,
414,
29892,
5505,
1473,
871,
304,
14298,
1109,
1522,
621,
9813,
29889,
13,
6246,
278,
7480,
2360,
7470,
373,
385,
16610,
9124,
6812,
408,
2215,
408,
306,
508,
2649,
29892,
577,
472,
3203,
18129,
442,
756,
263,
9124,
6812,
297,
670,
7853,
29889,
13,
29924,
2112,
442,
29915,
29879,
1556,
13834,
5541,
2187,
892,
3971,
297,
278,
2186,
2211,
2440,
310,
670,
2834,
29892,
1494,
670,
4337,
304,
25309,
515,
3956,
21647,
29889,
14624,
11621,
414,
674,
367,
9985,
411,
11281,
20113,
3975,
29873,
8366,
638,
29892,
278,
4654,
10298,
310,
670,
349,
3328,
5791,
532,
1939,
29889,
29871,
29896,
29896,
29892,
25278,
376,
29934,
18592,
838,
433,
5383,
1113,
613,
408,
1532,
408,
670,
443,
4951,
3276,
830,
339,
3768,
29889,
18129,
442,
5692,
373,
278,
3330,
6392,
29871,
29945,
29892,
29900,
29900,
29900,
1102,
8873,
4443,
313,
29886,
919,
2955,
2038,
29897,
411,
263,
2635,
310,
5490,
29871,
29946,
29892,
29871,
29896,
29929,
29947,
29947,
29892,
1584,
2466,
278,
4443,
471,
16610,
278,
1494,
1629,
29889,
450,
1250,
310,
278,
4443,
5680,
278,
25309,
4306,
19198,
29889,
13,
29909,
504,
2849,
349,
29899,
29896,
29941,
29947,
29874,
29892,
4565,
13,
29909,
504,
2849,
349,
29899,
29896,
29941,
29947,
29874,
29892,
1250,
13,
29967,
1148,
812,
7357,
1558,
1944,
338,
278,
1473,
3330,
6392,
18422,
373,
445,
1051,
29892,
322,
763,
18129,
442,
29892,
7357,
1558,
471,
2729,
297,
25309,
29892,
988,
540,
13725,
670,
1556,
5936,
13902,
1736,
29889,
7357,
1558,
471,
278,
23947,
2278,
310,
6828,
7357,
375,
306,
29892,
1058,
471,
884,
263,
18422,
29892,
5998,
670,
4783,
8796,
307,
1490,
310,
670,
1487,
1494,
297,
670,
3661,
24530,
29889,
7357,
1558,
29915,
1556,
13834,
1736,
3160,
670,
281,
1997,
10947,
450,
10924,
3951,
4003,
29892,
25309,
25122,
322,
323,
2122,
515,
278,
25309,
10180,
29879,
29889,
7357,
1558,
5692,
373,
278,
29871,
29896,
29900,
29900,
1102,
8873,
4443,
313,
29886,
919,
2955,
2038,
29897,
411,
263,
2635,
310,
5468,
29871,
29896,
29892,
29871,
29896,
29929,
29953,
29900,
29892,
411,
385,
2228,
2635,
310,
278,
1494,
1629,
29889,
450,
1250,
310,
278,
4443,
5680,
278,
28565,
1182,
5963,
20610,
29889,
13,
16066,
349,
29899,
29896,
29945,
29896,
29892,
4565,
13,
16066,
349,
29899,
29896,
29945,
29896,
29892,
1250,
13,
1576,
2446,
18422,
338,
263,
7333,
25448,
310,
7903,
29889,
13,
20216,
1151,
7089,
1558,
29891,
471,
263,
5176,
18422,
5069,
3114,
338,
9024,
411,
278,
1954,
2590,
391,
10298,
515,
29871,
29896,
29947,
29955,
29945,
29899,
29896,
29929,
29906,
29945,
29889,
940,
471,
2998,
363,
670,
5541,
2187,
363,
11914,
29892,
3704,
278,
2166,
568,
29034,
314,
294,
802,
29892,
10816,
278,
4654,
10298,
29892,
25278,
376,
20216,
381,
316,
301,
1540,
613,
278,
22624,
342,
1705,
1954,
1179,
1671,
22624,
15679,
322,
26079,
25352,
267,
1912,
29892,
697,
310,
278,
24577,
6455,
310,
1954,
2590,
391,
4696,
29889,
13,
10251,
1558,
29891,
5692,
373,
278,
5176,
29871,
29906,
29900,
28382,
4443,
313,
29886,
919,
2955,
2038,
511,
937,
16610,
297,
29871,
29896,
29929,
29947,
29900,
29892,
322,
297,
18342,
362,
2745,
29871,
29896,
29929,
29929,
29955,
29889,
450,
20037,
5742,
7089,
1558,
29891,
373,
278,
4565,
526,
263,
3407,
304,
670,
1751,
2454,
15259,
997,
2778,
313,
1576,
14070,
467,
450,
1250,
310,
278,
4443,
5680,
263,
23139,
1967,
310,
7089,
1558,
29891,
411,
263,
19437,
9088,
29892,
607,
7470,
297,
278,
14495,
349,
514,
29948,
294,
322,
341,
3610,
275,
4182,
29892,
607,
540,
15569,
29889,
13,
7713,
392,
349,
29899,
29896,
29945,
29900,
29892,
4565,
13,
7713,
392,
349,
29899,
29896,
29945,
29900,
29892,
1250,
13,
14438,
2487,
9989,
678,
459,
262,
471,
263,
19919,
18422,
310,
5176,
26815,
1058,
471,
2998,
363,
670,
4610,
29884,
359,
293,
11914,
5541,
2187,
29889,
13,
1451,
459,
262,
471,
263,
2278,
410,
7501,
29891,
1058,
4689,
5541,
292,
322,
15859,
970,
368,
472,
278,
5046,
310,
9881,
29889,
739,
338,
13112,
393,
1156,
1098,
2548,
263,
13135,
491,
26301,
5537,
262,
391,
13656,
1054,
30059,
349,
18939,
2172,
393,
678,
459,
262,
4689,
664,
373,
670,
9769,
8192,
29892,
607,
7805,
1556,
451,
2197,
278,
9769,
1151,
6461,
29889,
29871,
29896,
29900,
29892,
1939,
29889,
29871,
29941,
29889,
7280,
13834,
664,
338,
376,
7083,
1173,
2090,
30000,
1030,
29908,
515,
670,
349,
3328,
5791,
532,
1939,
29889,
29871,
29906,
29892,
607,
756,
1063,
8560,
472,
278,
2090,
261,
1338,
310,
3186,
20251,
515,
2259,
383,
29889,
23166,
29892,
18364,
498,
905,
261,
29892,
10255,
333,
5826,
17599,
484,
29894,
29892,
408,
1532,
408,
678,
459,
262,
3654,
29889
] | 2,677 | 0 | CommonCrawl | 20 | 25 |
Q: Multiple Web API 2 apps in one solution, both using Ninject I have two Web API 2 projects, ProjectA and ProjectB inside one solution.
They are independent projects. I want to use ninject in both, but these lines are causing problems.
[assembly: WebActivatorEx.PreApplicationStartMethod(typeof(ProjectA.App_Start.NinjectWebCommon), "Start")]
and
[assembly: WebActivatorEx.PreApplicationStartMethod(typeof(ProjectB.App_Start.NinjectWebCommon), "Start")]
Even if I have only ProjectA as the startup project, both NinjectWebCommon classes will execute. And whichever runs last (usually ProjectB) overwrites what was done by the first.
The exception:
When calling bootstrapper.Initialize(CreateKernel) in the ProjectB I get -
"Sequence contains no elements"
How can I have two projects, either of which, or both, could be startup projects in the one solution using ninject?
The Code
This is my NinjectWebCommon, it is almost identical for ProjectA and ProjectB, just the registered services differ.
[assembly: WebActivatorEx.PreApplicationStartMethod(typeof(ProjectA.WebApi.App_Start.NinjectWebCommon), "Start")]
[assembly: WebActivatorEx.ApplicationShutdownMethodAttribute(typeof(ProjectA.WebApi.App_Start.NinjectWebCommon), "Stop")]
namespace ProjectA.WebApi.App_Start
{
public static class NinjectWebCommon
{
private static readonly Bootstrapper bootstrapper = new Bootstrapper();
/// <summary>
/// Starts the application
/// </summary>
public static void Start()
{
DynamicModuleUtility.RegisterModule(typeof(OnePerRequestHttpModule));
DynamicModuleUtility.RegisterModule(typeof(NinjectHttpModule));
bootstrapper.Initialize(CreateKernel);
}
/// <summary>
/// Stops the application.
/// </summary>
public static void Stop()
{
bootstrapper.ShutDown();
}
/// <summary>
/// Creates the kernel that will manage your application.
/// </summary>
/// <returns>The created kernel.</returns>
private static IKernel CreateKernel()
{
var kernel = new StandardKernel();
try
{
kernel.Bind<Func<IKernel>>().ToMethod(ctx => () => new Bootstrapper().Kernel);
kernel.Bind<IHttpModule>().To<HttpApplicationInitializationHttpModule>();
RegisterServices(kernel);
GlobalConfiguration.Configuration.DependencyResolver = new NinjectDependencyResolver(kernel);
return kernel;
}
catch
{
kernel.Dispose();
throw;
}
}
/// <summary>
/// Load your modules or register your services here!
/// </summary>
/// <param name="kernel">The kernel.</param>
private static void RegisterServices(IKernel kernel)
{
var mapper = AutoMapperConfig.SetupMappings();
kernel.Bind<IMapper>().ToConstant(mapper);
kernel.Bind<IFoo>().To<Foo>();
}
}
}
A: This seems to have been one of those unfortunate cases where Visual Studio 2015 was holding on to some old version(s) of dlls and executing the wrong code in the debugger. I am not 100% sure of this but fairly certain.
In a new solution I created two Web API projects, added ninject to both, registered some services, set both as startup project and everything worked without a problem.
Back in the damaged solution I noticed that that debugger was executing lines of code from classes in a project that was unloaded! I tried deleting cached versions of dlls from many places on the hard disk, but this didn't help.
To resolve the problem
Looks like my Visual Studio 2015 (Update 2) is not deleting temporary files correctly. I manually deleted files in -
c:\Users\bryan\AppData\Local\Temp\Temporary ASP.NET Files\vs
and
c:\Users\bryan\AppData\Local\Temp\Temporary ASP.NET Files\root
A: The problem is | -0.996693 | -1.103316 | 0.099288 | 0.420507 | [
-1.059698280584555,
-0.9336881411166691
] | [
-0.9188812760607723,
-1.2877507638105743
] | [
0.2831658079363957,
-0.08458914074432336
] | [
0.7222655541253618,
0.11874765189069258
] | 1,024 | [
512,
512
] | [
660,
29901,
26905,
2563,
3450,
29871,
29906,
11446,
297,
697,
1650,
29892,
1716,
773,
405,
21920,
306,
505,
1023,
2563,
3450,
29871,
29906,
9279,
29892,
8010,
29909,
322,
8010,
29933,
2768,
697,
1650,
29889,
13,
15597,
526,
7417,
9279,
29889,
306,
864,
304,
671,
17081,
622,
297,
1716,
29892,
541,
1438,
3454,
526,
10805,
4828,
29889,
13,
29961,
26936,
29901,
2563,
21786,
1061,
1252,
29889,
6572,
4873,
4763,
4062,
29898,
18059,
29898,
7653,
29909,
29889,
2052,
29918,
4763,
29889,
29940,
21920,
3609,
18877,
511,
376,
4763,
13531,
13,
13,
392,
29871,
13,
29961,
26936,
29901,
2563,
21786,
1061,
1252,
29889,
6572,
4873,
4763,
4062,
29898,
18059,
29898,
7653,
29933,
29889,
2052,
29918,
4763,
29889,
29940,
21920,
3609,
18877,
511,
376,
4763,
13531,
29871,
13,
13,
29923,
854,
565,
306,
505,
871,
8010,
29909,
408,
278,
20234,
2060,
29892,
1716,
405,
21920,
3609,
18877,
4413,
674,
6222,
29889,
1126,
377,
4070,
369,
6057,
1833,
313,
375,
1474,
8010,
29933,
29897,
975,
8231,
267,
825,
471,
2309,
491,
278,
937,
29889,
29871,
13,
1576,
3682,
29901,
29871,
13,
10401,
5432,
6579,
4151,
2496,
29889,
6644,
6646,
29898,
4391,
29968,
5851,
29897,
297,
278,
8010,
29933,
306,
679,
448,
29871,
13,
29908,
20529,
3743,
694,
3161,
29908,
13,
5328,
508,
306,
505,
1023,
9279,
29892,
2845,
310,
607,
29892,
470,
1716,
29892,
1033,
367,
20234,
9279,
297,
278,
697,
1650,
773,
17081,
622,
29973,
13,
1576,
5920,
29871,
13,
4013,
338,
590,
405,
21920,
3609,
18877,
29892,
372,
338,
4359,
13557,
363,
8010,
29909,
322,
8010,
29933,
29892,
925,
278,
15443,
5786,
1163,
29889,
13,
29961,
26936,
29901,
2563,
21786,
1061,
1252,
29889,
6572,
4873,
4763,
4062,
29898,
18059,
29898,
7653,
29909,
29889,
3609,
11713,
29889,
2052,
29918,
4763,
29889,
29940,
21920,
3609,
18877,
511,
376,
4763,
13531,
13,
29961,
26936,
29901,
2563,
21786,
1061,
1252,
29889,
4873,
2713,
329,
3204,
4062,
6708,
29898,
18059,
29898,
7653,
29909,
29889,
3609,
11713,
29889,
2052,
29918,
4763,
29889,
29940,
21920,
3609,
18877,
511,
376,
16329,
13531,
13,
13,
22377,
8010,
29909,
29889,
3609,
11713,
29889,
2052,
29918,
4763,
13,
29912,
13,
13,
1678,
970,
2294,
770,
405,
21920,
3609,
18877,
13,
1678,
426,
13,
4706,
2024,
2294,
20623,
13760,
4151,
2496,
6579,
4151,
2496,
353,
716,
13760,
4151,
2496,
890,
13,
13,
4706,
4363,
529,
7727,
29958,
13,
4706,
4363,
624,
5708,
278,
2280,
13,
4706,
4363,
1533,
7727,
29958,
13,
4706,
970,
2294,
1780,
7370,
580,
29871,
13,
4706,
426,
13,
9651,
27747,
7355,
7270,
537,
29889,
15213,
7355,
29898,
18059,
29898,
6716,
5894,
3089,
5506,
7355,
2483,
13,
9651,
27747,
7355,
7270,
537,
29889,
15213,
7355,
29898,
18059,
29898,
29940,
21920,
5506,
7355,
2483,
13,
9651,
6579,
4151,
2496,
29889,
6644,
6646,
29898,
4391,
29968,
5851,
416,
13,
4706,
500,
13,
13,
4706,
4363,
529,
7727,
29958,
13,
4706,
4363,
624,
3554,
278,
2280,
29889,
13,
4706,
4363,
1533,
7727,
29958,
13,
4706,
970,
2294,
1780,
22303,
580,
13,
4706,
426,
13,
9651,
6579,
4151,
2496,
29889,
2713,
329,
6767,
890,
13,
4706,
500,
13,
13,
4706,
4363,
529,
7727,
29958,
13,
4706,
4363,
6760,
1078,
278,
8466,
393,
674,
10933,
596,
2280,
29889,
13,
4706,
4363,
1533,
7727,
29958,
13,
4706,
4363,
529,
18280,
29958,
1576,
2825,
8466,
21106,
18280,
29958,
13,
4706,
2024,
2294,
306,
29968,
5851,
6204,
29968,
5851,
580,
13,
4706,
426,
13,
9651,
722,
8466,
353,
716,
10117,
29968,
5851,
890,
13,
9651,
1018,
13,
9651,
426,
13,
18884,
8466,
29889,
15708,
29966,
14400,
29966,
23328,
5851,
6778,
2141,
1762,
4062,
29898,
13073,
1149,
3861,
1149,
716,
13760,
4151,
2496,
2141,
29968,
5851,
416,
13,
18884,
8466,
29889,
15708,
29966,
29902,
5506,
7355,
29958,
2141,
1762,
29966,
5506,
4873,
15514,
2133,
5506,
7355,
8295,
13,
13,
18884,
12577,
13779,
29898,
17460,
416,
13,
13,
18884,
12002,
8614,
29889,
8614,
29889,
8498,
5197,
19648,
353,
716,
405,
21920,
8498,
5197,
19648,
29898,
17460,
416,
13,
18884,
736,
8466,
29936,
13,
9651,
500,
13,
9651,
4380,
13,
9651,
426,
13,
18884,
8466,
29889,
4205,
4220,
890,
13,
18884,
3183,
29936,
13,
9651,
500,
13,
4706,
500,
13,
13,
4706,
4363,
529,
7727,
29958,
13,
4706,
4363,
16012,
596,
10585,
470,
6036,
596,
5786,
1244,
29991,
13,
4706,
4363,
1533,
7727,
29958,
13,
4706,
4363,
529,
3207,
1024,
543,
17460,
1013,
1576,
8466,
21106,
3207,
29958,
13,
4706,
2024,
2294,
1780,
12577,
13779,
29898,
23328,
5851,
8466,
29897,
13,
4706,
426,
13,
9651,
722,
611,
2496,
353,
11133,
19968,
3991,
29889,
26947,
9689,
886,
890,
13,
9651,
8466,
29889,
15708,
29966,
7833,
23239,
29958,
2141,
1762,
12075,
424,
29898,
655,
2496,
416,
13,
13,
9651,
8466,
29889,
15708,
29966,
6545,
3634,
29958,
2141,
1762,
29966,
14016,
8295,
13,
4706,
500,
308,
13,
1678,
500,
13,
29913,
13,
13,
13,
29909,
29901,
910,
2444,
304,
505,
1063,
697,
310,
1906,
443,
6477,
403,
4251,
988,
9249,
7448,
29871,
29906,
29900,
29896,
29945,
471,
13587,
373,
304,
777,
2030,
1873,
29898,
29879,
29897,
310,
24415,
29879,
322,
14012,
278,
2743,
775,
297,
278,
18297,
29889,
306,
626,
451,
29871,
29896,
29900,
29900,
29995,
1854,
310,
445,
541,
12558,
3058,
29889,
13,
797,
263,
716,
1650,
306,
2825,
1023,
2563,
3450,
9279,
29892,
2715,
17081,
622,
304,
1716,
29892,
15443,
777,
5786,
29892,
731,
1716,
408,
20234,
2060,
322,
4129,
3796,
1728,
263,
1108,
29889,
29871,
13,
5841,
297,
278,
5625,
4063,
1650,
306,
10548,
393,
393,
18297,
471,
14012,
3454,
310,
775,
515,
4413,
297,
263,
2060,
393,
471,
443,
15638,
29991,
306,
1898,
21228,
22152,
6910,
310,
24415,
29879,
515,
1784,
7600,
373,
278,
2898,
8086,
29892,
541,
445,
3282,
29915,
29873,
1371,
29889,
13,
1762,
8814,
278,
1108,
13,
14959,
29879,
763,
590,
9249,
7448,
29871,
29906,
29900,
29896,
29945,
313,
6422,
29871,
29906,
29897,
338,
451,
21228,
13201,
2066,
5149,
29889,
306,
7522,
11132,
2066,
297,
448,
13,
29883,
3583,
5959,
29905,
29890,
719,
273,
29905,
27674,
29905,
7717,
29905,
15637,
29905,
5776,
1971,
653,
12738,
29889,
6006,
12745,
29905,
4270,
13,
392,
13,
29883,
3583,
5959,
29905,
29890,
719,
273,
29905,
27674,
29905,
7717,
29905,
15637,
29905,
5776,
1971,
653,
12738,
29889,
6006,
12745,
29905,
4632,
13,
13,
29909,
29901,
450,
1108,
338
] | 2,680 | 0 | StackExchange | -1 | -1 |
Call for participants RAN PRISONS - What is in the European prison toolbox of DDR programmes? 15-16 November 2022
Annuncio26 settembre 2022BerlinoDirezione generale della Migrazione e degli affari interni
Tuesday 15 November (13.00 – 17.30) and Wednesday 16 November 2022 (09.00 - 13.00). This meeting will take place in Berlin, Germany.
On behalf of the RAN PRISONS Working Group chairs Diletta Berardinelli and Nadya Radkovska, we are currently looking for participants with relevant expertise to take part in a meeting on 'What is in the European prison toolbox of DDR programmes?'. The meeting will build on the RAN Policy & Practice event on evaluating disengagement, deradicalisation and resocialisation efforts (November 2019) and the RAN Policy & Practice Event on the challenges of resocialisation: Dealing with radicalised individuals during and after imprisonment (November 2018).
Background and aim of the meeting
In prison, practitioners are engaged in the disengagement, deradicalisation and resocialisation (DDR) of violent extremist or terrorist offenders (VETOs) and radicalised inmates. Currently, it is not clear what is out there in terms of DDR programmes. The RAN Rehabilitation manual stresses that serving the sentence represents a long period of time and a window of opportunity to focus on the rehabilitation of VETOs. Opportunities and challenges depend greatly on prison conditions, prison regimes and available interventions. The DDR approaches applied in prisons across the EU vary widely in terms of objectives and scope, actors delivering the programmes as well as types and length of interventions, among other factors. While some programmes ensure continuity of treatment between imprisonment and release, others are do not provide for a smooth transition after the sentence is served. The tools and methods used in DDR programmes also vary.
The goal of this meeting is to identify DDR programmes and transferable tools, as well as lessons learned in working with these programmes and needs of practitioners.
Key questions this meeting will address include:
Which DDR tools are currently available to prisons and being used in the different MSs?
Who is in charge of applying the available tools?
What are the experiences of practitioners applying these programmes?
Do they feel well equipped with the tools at hand to contribute to the disengagement, deradicalisation and resocialisation of VETOs and radicalised inmates?
Is prison staff adequately trained to use them? What does good practice look like when it comes to applying DDR programmes in prisons, what are lessons learned and where do challenges, gaps and needs persist?
The outcome of the meeting and its conclusions will be shared with the policymakers of the Member States and might feed into the agenda of RAN Practitioners, RAN Policy Support (Member State policy makers and researchers) and the European Commission. It is an opportunity for prison practitioners to voice their concerns and hopes for the future in a safe space protected by the Chatham House Rules.
Practitioners we are looking for are:
Directly engaged with VETOs in the prison context (or aiming to be so) in programmes for disengagement, deradicalisation and resocialisation.
Prison staff: correctional officers, prison management, prison psychologists, probation officers, mental health and social workers, including cultural mediators;
'External' practitioners who work inside prisons with VETOs on DDR interventions such as mental health practitioners, exit workers, religious counsellors, volunteers, local administrative staff, and law enforcement.
In order to find the best suited participants, we would like to kindly ask you to briefly answer the following questions:
What kind of disengagement, deradicalisation and resocialisation programmes or methods are applied in your prison?
How do they differ from programmes offered to regular offenders?
How is the eventual release of a VETO reflected in the programmes? Is a transitional phase between prison and probation included?
Which challenges do you encounter in your work with DDR programmes or methods?
What would you like to learn more about during this meeting?
If you are interested in participating in this meeting, please fill out this form by 14 | 0.148441 | 0.871747 | 1.840418 | 0.888753 | [
-0.18293479659672343,
0.4798169016100518
] | [
0.459902731547711,
1.2835918789501815
] | [
1.125197828363973,
2.5556377666807006
] | [
0.5765888191032001,
1.2009176834838924
] | 1,024 | [
512,
512
] | [
8251,
363,
27138,
390,
2190,
349,
3960,
3094,
29903,
448,
1724,
338,
297,
278,
7824,
8475,
5780,
1884,
310,
21901,
1824,
4467,
29973,
29871,
29896,
29945,
29899,
29896,
29953,
3979,
29871,
29906,
29900,
29906,
29906,
13,
2744,
29876,
348,
3934,
29906,
29953,
16621,
29871,
29906,
29900,
29906,
29906,
17104,
29880,
1789,
29928,
533,
4246,
21221,
2005,
14854,
336,
4246,
321,
7973,
2756,
1306,
2836,
29875,
13,
29911,
1041,
3250,
29871,
29896,
29945,
3979,
313,
29896,
29941,
29889,
29900,
29900,
785,
29871,
29896,
29955,
29889,
29941,
29900,
29897,
322,
15050,
4515,
3250,
29871,
29896,
29953,
3979,
29871,
29906,
29900,
29906,
29906,
313,
29900,
29929,
29889,
29900,
29900,
448,
29871,
29896,
29941,
29889,
29900,
29900,
467,
910,
11781,
674,
2125,
2058,
297,
5115,
29892,
9556,
29889,
13,
2951,
2306,
3131,
310,
278,
390,
2190,
349,
3960,
3094,
29903,
24176,
6431,
521,
7121,
360,
488,
18228,
2292,
21473,
5481,
30262,
392,
405,
3714,
29874,
4957,
9756,
4621,
29892,
591,
526,
5279,
3063,
363,
27138,
411,
8018,
17924,
895,
304,
2125,
760,
297,
263,
11781,
373,
525,
5618,
338,
297,
278,
7824,
8475,
5780,
1884,
310,
21901,
1824,
4467,
29973,
4286,
450,
11781,
674,
2048,
373,
278,
390,
2190,
25219,
669,
29124,
625,
1741,
373,
6161,
1218,
766,
996,
5049,
29892,
589,
328,
936,
4371,
322,
620,
29877,
1455,
4371,
14231,
313,
25363,
1096,
29871,
29906,
29900,
29896,
29929,
29897,
322,
278,
390,
2190,
25219,
669,
29124,
625,
6864,
373,
278,
18066,
267,
310,
620,
29877,
1455,
4371,
29901,
897,
12818,
411,
24818,
3368,
15724,
2645,
322,
1156,
29535,
358,
313,
25363,
1096,
29871,
29906,
29900,
29896,
29947,
467,
13,
10581,
322,
12242,
310,
278,
11781,
13,
797,
8475,
29892,
4120,
654,
414,
526,
17785,
297,
278,
766,
996,
5049,
29892,
589,
328,
936,
4371,
322,
620,
29877,
1455,
4371,
313,
7858,
29934,
29897,
310,
24252,
9413,
391,
470,
15115,
391,
1283,
21043,
313,
29963,
2544,
24768,
29897,
322,
24818,
3368,
297,
29885,
1078,
29889,
15447,
29892,
372,
338,
451,
2821,
825,
338,
714,
727,
297,
4958,
310,
21901,
1824,
4467,
29889,
450,
390,
2190,
830,
29882,
4427,
7018,
12219,
851,
15322,
393,
16330,
278,
10541,
11524,
263,
1472,
3785,
310,
931,
322,
263,
3474,
310,
15130,
304,
8569,
373,
278,
337,
29882,
4427,
7018,
310,
478,
2544,
24768,
29889,
438,
3016,
348,
1907,
322,
18066,
267,
8839,
11180,
373,
8475,
5855,
29892,
8475,
1072,
1355,
322,
3625,
1006,
794,
1080,
29889,
450,
21901,
13501,
7436,
297,
544,
14125,
4822,
278,
19007,
13100,
17644,
297,
4958,
310,
1203,
3145,
322,
6874,
29892,
29701,
12021,
292,
278,
1824,
4467,
408,
1532,
408,
4072,
322,
3309,
310,
1006,
794,
1080,
29892,
4249,
916,
13879,
29889,
5806,
777,
1824,
4467,
9801,
3133,
537,
310,
14502,
1546,
29535,
358,
322,
6507,
29892,
4045,
526,
437,
451,
3867,
363,
263,
10597,
9558,
1156,
278,
10541,
338,
6766,
29889,
450,
8492,
322,
3519,
1304,
297,
21901,
1824,
4467,
884,
13100,
29889,
13,
1576,
7306,
310,
445,
11781,
338,
304,
12439,
21901,
1824,
4467,
322,
6782,
519,
8492,
29892,
408,
1532,
408,
3109,
787,
10972,
297,
1985,
411,
1438,
1824,
4467,
322,
4225,
310,
4120,
654,
414,
29889,
13,
2558,
5155,
445,
11781,
674,
3211,
3160,
29901,
13,
8809,
436,
21901,
8492,
526,
5279,
3625,
304,
544,
14125,
322,
1641,
1304,
297,
278,
1422,
10888,
29879,
29973,
13,
22110,
338,
297,
8323,
310,
15399,
278,
3625,
8492,
29973,
13,
5618,
526,
278,
27482,
310,
4120,
654,
414,
15399,
1438,
1824,
4467,
29973,
13,
6132,
896,
4459,
1532,
1592,
16242,
411,
278,
8492,
472,
1361,
304,
29126,
304,
278,
766,
996,
5049,
29892,
589,
328,
936,
4371,
322,
620,
29877,
1455,
4371,
310,
478,
2544,
24768,
322,
24818,
3368,
297,
29885,
1078,
29973,
13,
3624,
8475,
13925,
19967,
339,
2486,
16370,
304,
671,
963,
29973,
1724,
947,
1781,
6944,
1106,
763,
746,
372,
5304,
304,
15399,
21901,
1824,
4467,
297,
544,
14125,
29892,
825,
526,
3109,
787,
10972,
322,
988,
437,
18066,
267,
29892,
330,
2547,
322,
4225,
24379,
29973,
13,
1576,
21957,
310,
278,
11781,
322,
967,
21204,
1080,
674,
367,
7258,
411,
278,
13665,
962,
21079,
310,
278,
19495,
3900,
322,
1795,
8343,
964,
278,
946,
8395,
310,
390,
2190,
29124,
654,
414,
29892,
390,
2190,
25219,
18601,
313,
13404,
4306,
8898,
2136,
414,
322,
5925,
414,
29897,
322,
278,
7824,
11444,
29889,
739,
338,
385,
15130,
363,
8475,
4120,
654,
414,
304,
7314,
1009,
21838,
322,
26926,
363,
278,
5434,
297,
263,
9109,
2913,
6364,
491,
278,
678,
493,
314,
5619,
390,
2540,
29889,
13,
29925,
1461,
654,
414,
591,
526,
3063,
363,
526,
29901,
13,
17392,
368,
17785,
411,
478,
2544,
24768,
297,
278,
8475,
3030,
313,
272,
12242,
292,
304,
367,
577,
29897,
297,
1824,
4467,
363,
766,
996,
5049,
29892,
589,
328,
936,
4371,
322,
620,
29877,
1455,
4371,
29889,
13,
4040,
2285,
13925,
29901,
26385,
284,
13049,
29892,
8475,
10643,
29892,
8475,
11643,
1189,
2879,
29892,
2070,
362,
13049,
29892,
19119,
9045,
322,
5264,
17162,
29892,
3704,
16375,
14457,
4097,
29936,
13,
29915,
25865,
29915,
4120,
654,
414,
1058,
664,
2768,
544,
14125,
411,
478,
2544,
24768,
373,
21901,
1006,
794,
1080,
1316,
408,
19119,
9045,
4120,
654,
414,
29892,
6876,
17162,
29892,
12962,
2613,
29879,
514,
943,
29892,
27886,
414,
29892,
1887,
19185,
13925,
29892,
322,
4307,
24555,
13561,
29889,
13,
797,
1797,
304,
1284,
278,
1900,
480,
1573,
27138,
29892,
591,
723,
763,
304,
25036,
2244,
366,
304,
23359,
1234,
278,
1494,
5155,
29901,
13,
5618,
2924,
310,
766,
996,
5049,
29892,
589,
328,
936,
4371,
322,
620,
29877,
1455,
4371,
1824,
4467,
470,
3519,
526,
7436,
297,
596,
8475,
29973,
13,
5328,
437,
896,
1163,
515,
1824,
4467,
12520,
304,
4943,
1283,
21043,
29973,
13,
5328,
338,
278,
1741,
950,
6507,
310,
263,
478,
2544,
29949,
25312,
297,
278,
1824,
4467,
29973,
1317,
263,
1301,
3245,
8576,
1546,
8475,
322,
2070,
362,
5134,
29973,
13,
8809,
436,
18066,
267,
437,
366,
11735,
297,
596,
664,
411,
21901,
1824,
4467,
470,
3519,
29973,
13,
5618,
723,
366,
763,
304,
5110,
901,
1048,
2645,
445,
11781,
29973,
13,
3644,
366,
526,
8852,
297,
5221,
1218,
297,
445,
11781,
29892,
3113,
5445,
714,
445,
883,
491,
29871,
29896,
29946
] | 2,683 | 0 | CommonCrawl | 6 | 2 |
Some people fear preparing fish at home, thinking it's more complicated than it really is. These recipes will prove otherwise, making it surprisingly simple to whip up a beautiful salmon meal for your family or friends.
Scandinavian cured salmon, or homemade gravlax, tastes great on toast, bagels, or crackers—and it's actually easy to make at home. If you can't find Aquavit, a Scandinavian spirit, vodka will also work. Pacific salmon can sometimes carry a parasite, so freeze it for 30 minutes before using to kill any potential pests.
These simple succulent salmon cakes are a great way to use up leftover fish, but you can cook up some fillets just for this purpose or even use canned. Add a little cayenne pepper for extra kick or enjoy these flavorful patties without if cooking for picky eaters. Serve them with a light salad or on a bun like a burger.
You can create slightly sweet smoked salmon on the grill or even your stovetop. Use cedar wood chips for a nice, light flavor or hickory if you can't find cedar. Note that this recipe calls for letting the salmon sit with the rub on top for about four hours prior, which creates a nice firm texture.
Using leftover rice pilaf or cold white rice makes this one-dish one-dish leftover salmon fried rice recipe a snap to pull together on a busy work night. While it calls for canned salmon, you can also use leftover salmon fillets. Add frozen peas and any other vegetables you prefer to round it all out. A wok works best, but you can make it in a skillet, too.
Using the method featured in this simple grilled salmon recipe, you can make delicious grilled salmon fillets, no turning required. Any type of salmon you can find works well and plan on using about six ounces of fish for each diner. Once you master the technique, feel free to add whatever rubs or spices you like.
Create bite-sized baked salmon croquettes for a party appetizer or fun dinner presentation without any hot oil using this healthier baked technique. Minced vegetables give the croquettes a pretty color and tasty crunch, and you can use either canned or leftover salmon fillets. Serve with tartar sauce for dipping, but the croquettes are wonderful all by themselves.
The sweet-tart sauce that goes with these salmon fillets with cranberry sauce lends both a lovely color contrast and a complementary flavor that will impress your family and dinner guests alike. Cranberries, sugar, currant jelly, orange juice, and onions all simmer down into a sauce that will have you licking your fingers. A green vegetable and a potato or grain rounds it out into a gorgeous meal.
Enjoy a taste of New York City with this citrus-balsamic baked salmon recipe from Danny Meyer's "Union Square Cafe Cookbook." Salmon fillets bake in a vinaigrette made with Dijon mustard, orange juice, balsamic vinegar, and fresh herbs for a slightly sweet, slightly salty, and herbal flavor that's good tasting and good for you.
These simple salmon burgers are an excellent alternative to the traditional beef, with a fresh herbal taste that's addicting and easy to prepare. Using canned salmon makes it even more wallet-friendly, but you can use leftover fillets as well. Don't be scared off by the anchovy paste; it lends them a depth and brightness that really makes a flavor difference!
The flavors of this easy Asian-inspired skillet salmon will show how simple it can be to prepare a delightful dinner. Salmon fillets cook up quickly in a skillet, so you can have it on the table with fewer than six ingredients and in about 15 minutes. Use fresh ginger for optimal results.
In this easy pomegranate grilled salmon, the vinaigrette acts as both a marinade and finishing sauce. You will need to marinade the fillets for at least 20 minutes, so plan accordingly. While it does call for firing up the gr | 0.994815 | -0.228146 | 0.384615 | -1.101295 | [
0.8961982320256748,
1.0934314938014964
] | [
0.022989357708139636,
-0.47928195934923645
] | [
0.4962100540686743,
0.2730208438348586
] | [
-1.0778826715056342,
-1.124707336334186
] | 1,024 | [
512,
512
] | [
3834,
2305,
8866,
10223,
292,
9427,
472,
3271,
29892,
7291,
372,
29915,
29879,
901,
12092,
1135,
372,
2289,
338,
29889,
4525,
9522,
5547,
674,
6356,
6467,
29892,
3907,
372,
26800,
368,
2560,
304,
377,
666,
701,
263,
9560,
4497,
3712,
592,
284,
363,
596,
3942,
470,
7875,
29889,
13,
4421,
392,
262,
485,
713,
274,
2955,
4497,
3712,
29892,
470,
3632,
331,
1943,
8310,
21222,
29892,
260,
579,
267,
2107,
373,
304,
579,
29892,
19548,
1379,
29892,
470,
26755,
414,
30003,
392,
372,
29915,
29879,
2869,
4780,
304,
1207,
472,
3271,
29889,
960,
366,
508,
29915,
29873,
1284,
16020,
485,
277,
29892,
263,
2522,
392,
262,
485,
713,
8548,
29892,
325,
397,
1335,
674,
884,
664,
29889,
14328,
4497,
3712,
508,
6041,
8677,
263,
610,
294,
568,
29892,
577,
3889,
911,
372,
363,
29871,
29941,
29900,
6233,
1434,
773,
304,
12088,
738,
7037,
282,
9197,
29889,
13,
1349,
968,
2560,
8348,
352,
296,
4497,
3712,
274,
6926,
526,
263,
2107,
982,
304,
671,
701,
454,
29888,
517,
369,
9427,
29892,
541,
366,
508,
7984,
701,
777,
977,
10376,
925,
363,
445,
6437,
470,
1584,
671,
508,
9571,
29889,
3462,
263,
2217,
274,
388,
4584,
1236,
2496,
363,
4805,
24817,
470,
13389,
1438,
21054,
272,
1319,
282,
1131,
583,
1728,
565,
7984,
292,
363,
5839,
29891,
321,
10412,
29889,
1816,
345,
963,
411,
263,
3578,
4497,
328,
470,
373,
263,
289,
348,
763,
263,
6866,
914,
29889,
13,
3492,
508,
1653,
10029,
14225,
1560,
12504,
4497,
3712,
373,
278,
867,
453,
470,
1584,
596,
380,
586,
300,
459,
29889,
4803,
29289,
279,
8112,
521,
4512,
363,
263,
7575,
29892,
3578,
21054,
272,
470,
298,
860,
706,
565,
366,
508,
29915,
29873,
1284,
29289,
279,
29889,
3940,
393,
445,
9522,
412,
5717,
363,
27697,
278,
4497,
3712,
7845,
411,
278,
14051,
373,
2246,
363,
1048,
3023,
6199,
7536,
29892,
607,
10017,
263,
7575,
9226,
18459,
29889,
13,
15156,
454,
29888,
517,
369,
19408,
8230,
2142,
470,
11220,
4796,
19408,
3732,
445,
697,
29899,
29881,
728,
697,
29899,
29881,
728,
454,
29888,
517,
369,
4497,
3712,
285,
1255,
19408,
9522,
412,
263,
15101,
304,
8206,
4208,
373,
263,
19587,
664,
4646,
29889,
5806,
372,
5717,
363,
508,
9571,
4497,
3712,
29892,
366,
508,
884,
671,
454,
29888,
517,
369,
4497,
3712,
977,
10376,
29889,
3462,
14671,
2256,
1236,
294,
322,
738,
916,
18655,
1849,
366,
5821,
304,
4513,
372,
599,
714,
29889,
319,
281,
554,
1736,
1900,
29892,
541,
366,
508,
1207,
372,
297,
263,
2071,
7324,
29892,
2086,
29889,
13,
15156,
278,
1158,
15000,
297,
445,
2560,
867,
24455,
4497,
3712,
9522,
412,
29892,
366,
508,
1207,
628,
14803,
867,
24455,
4497,
3712,
977,
10376,
29892,
694,
14712,
3734,
29889,
3139,
1134,
310,
4497,
3712,
366,
508,
1284,
1736,
1532,
322,
3814,
373,
773,
1048,
4832,
29871,
1309,
778,
310,
9427,
363,
1269,
4538,
261,
29889,
9038,
366,
5835,
278,
11043,
29892,
4459,
3889,
304,
788,
6514,
14051,
29879,
470,
805,
1575,
366,
763,
29889,
13,
4391,
289,
568,
29899,
29879,
1891,
289,
12535,
4497,
3712,
8182,
339,
21158,
363,
263,
6263,
623,
300,
3950,
470,
2090,
17803,
24329,
1728,
738,
7375,
17182,
773,
445,
9045,
631,
289,
12535,
11043,
29889,
3080,
1133,
18655,
1849,
2367,
278,
8182,
339,
21158,
263,
5051,
2927,
322,
260,
579,
29891,
2181,
3322,
29892,
322,
366,
508,
671,
2845,
508,
9571,
470,
454,
29888,
517,
369,
4497,
3712,
977,
10376,
29889,
1816,
345,
411,
13914,
279,
12507,
346,
363,
652,
3262,
29892,
541,
278,
8182,
339,
21158,
526,
20695,
599,
491,
6053,
29889,
13,
1576,
14225,
29899,
29873,
442,
12507,
346,
393,
5771,
411,
1438,
4497,
3712,
977,
10376,
411,
274,
661,
16344,
12507,
346,
301,
1975,
1716,
263,
12355,
873,
2927,
12814,
322,
263,
19595,
653,
21054,
272,
393,
674,
21210,
596,
3942,
322,
17803,
28865,
394,
9345,
29889,
315,
661,
495,
2722,
29892,
26438,
29892,
16256,
424,
12736,
368,
29892,
24841,
3623,
625,
29892,
322,
373,
1080,
599,
1027,
1050,
1623,
964,
263,
12507,
346,
393,
674,
505,
366,
301,
860,
292,
596,
23915,
29889,
319,
7933,
18655,
519,
322,
263,
3104,
1219,
470,
2646,
262,
364,
3885,
372,
714,
964,
263,
330,
3890,
681,
592,
284,
29889,
13,
2369,
2212,
29891,
263,
21779,
310,
1570,
3088,
4412,
411,
445,
7537,
15816,
29899,
29890,
1338,
314,
293,
289,
12535,
4497,
3712,
9522,
412,
515,
360,
14763,
26581,
29915,
29879,
376,
19986,
19256,
9243,
1725,
17278,
2909,
1213,
3956,
3712,
977,
10376,
289,
1296,
297,
263,
325,
1099,
335,
2267,
371,
1754,
411,
360,
823,
265,
1818,
538,
29892,
24841,
3623,
625,
29892,
289,
1338,
314,
293,
13848,
387,
279,
29892,
322,
10849,
902,
5824,
363,
263,
10029,
14225,
29892,
10029,
4497,
1017,
29892,
322,
902,
5521,
21054,
272,
393,
29915,
29879,
1781,
260,
579,
292,
322,
1781,
363,
366,
29889,
13,
1349,
968,
2560,
4497,
3712,
26072,
414,
526,
385,
15129,
8671,
304,
278,
13807,
367,
1389,
29892,
411,
263,
10849,
902,
5521,
21779,
393,
29915,
29879,
788,
919,
292,
322,
4780,
304,
19012,
29889,
5293,
508,
9571,
4497,
3712,
3732,
372,
1584,
901,
17042,
1026,
29899,
18326,
368,
29892,
541,
366,
508,
671,
454,
29888,
517,
369,
977,
10376,
408,
1532,
29889,
3872,
29915,
29873,
367,
885,
1965,
1283,
491,
278,
23791,
15890,
11417,
29936,
372,
301,
1975,
963,
263,
10809,
322,
11785,
2264,
393,
2289,
3732,
263,
21054,
272,
4328,
29991,
13,
1576,
21054,
943,
310,
445,
4780,
20021,
29899,
262,
1028,
2859,
2071,
7324,
4497,
3712,
674,
1510,
920,
2560,
372,
508,
367,
304,
19012,
263,
15319,
1319,
17803,
29889,
3956,
3712,
977,
10376,
7984,
701,
9098,
297,
263,
2071,
7324,
29892,
577,
366,
508,
505,
372,
373,
278,
1591,
411,
28145,
1135,
4832,
2348,
1127,
10070,
322,
297,
1048,
29871,
29896,
29945,
6233,
29889,
4803,
10849,
330,
5621,
363,
14413,
2582,
29889,
13,
797,
445,
4780,
8280,
387,
661,
403,
867,
24455,
4497,
3712,
29892,
278,
325,
1099,
335,
2267,
371,
14741,
408,
1716,
263,
1766,
1099,
311,
322,
28321,
12507,
346,
29889,
887,
674,
817,
304,
1766,
1099,
311,
278,
977,
10376,
363,
472,
3203,
29871,
29906,
29900,
6233,
29892,
577,
3814,
16205,
29889,
5806,
372,
947,
1246,
363,
25948,
701,
278,
867
] | 2,685 | 0 | C4 | 1 | 6 |
ill, you can also bake them. Serve them over a salad for a light dinner, so the vinaigrette can double as dressing.
For a light lunch or a starter for a dinner party, this salmon bisque is creamy, rich, and warming. It starts with a simple roux, which is a skill you can apply to thicken other soups and stews once you've got it mastered. Garnish it with croutons, roasted red pepper strips, or sour cream for a pretty presentation.
Make this entree-sized hearty salmon corn chowder for a chilly evening or whenever you want a warm, comforting bowl of goodness. Kids will love the thick and creamy soup, which you can blend up in the food processor or enjoy as is if you prefer it a little chunkier. Garnish with crumbled bacon for extra crunch.
Baking salmon in a foil packet steams the fish with little to no fat, while imparting flavor from the veggies, sliced lemon, and fresh herbs. In addition, this method of foil-baked salmon creates a lovely sauce you can pour over for a perfect, compact meal. It's great on the grill or even over the campfire, and practically foolproof. Start with this tutorial, and get creative as you master the technique.
New Yorkers know that the ultimate smoked salmon bagel is the ultimate casual breakfast or lunch and you can make your own at home wherever you live. The addition of pickled red onion, scallions, fresh lemon, and a little dill all complement the slightly sweet smoked salmon and luscious cream cheese. We recommend an Everything bagel, but your favorite variety will also work well. Use high-quality ingredients for the best sandwich experience.
Tangy ponzu sauce and nutty sesame oil make a perfect marinade for this sesame ginger baked salmon fillets in this Asian-inspired recipe. If you can't find ginger syrup, just mix 2 tablespoons of honey and 2 teaspoons of minced fresh ginger instead. Serve it over hot white rice for a simple meal that comes together quickly for a busy weeknight. Your whole family will love the sweet and tangy flavors.
Whether you're throwing an appetizer party or need a quick and delicious starter for your next dinner get-together, your guests will devour this creamy salmon spread. Serve it on crispy crackers for textural contrast. You can use fresh or leftover salmon fillets or even canned salmon to make it even more budget-friendly. It would also taste great as a sandwich spread on croissants with leafy lettuce.
Make this soy glazed salmon jerky in a dehydrator, smoker, or even your oven for a hearty snack you can always keep on hand. It needs to marinade for at least eight hours and it may take at least that long to reach the desired texture, so plan ahead. You can add additional spices or flavorings to mix it up, too.
This easy and hearty scrambled eggs with smoked salmon makes a perfect breakfast-for-dinner that you can toss together quickly. Smoked salmon comes in both hot- and cold-smoked varieties. The hot version gets cooked while it's smoking, so it comes out salty and firm. Cold-smoked salmon doesn't, so it stays softer and creamier. You can use whichever you prefer in this recipe, but be aware that the flavor will change.
A sweet and savory glaze makes this simple honey citrus glazed baked salmon finger-licking good and it all comes together in under half an hour. Serve them with roasted potatoes or risotto and a seasonal green vegetable like asparagus or Brussels sprouts. You could also grill the fillets for a slightly smokier taste.
Any long pasta like linguini, spaghetti, or fettuccine works beautifully in this creamy, hearty salmon spaghetti carbonara. The rich egg and cream sauce complements salty bacon and flaky salmon perfectly and you can also add green peas for a pop of color. Serve it as soon as possible, since the sauce will thicken and could become gluey as it cools.
B | 0.874283 | -0.774736 | 0.15889 | -1.287293 | [
1.0934314938014964,
0.6551353565218931
] | [
-0.6843089319091992,
-0.8651624186214808
] | [
0.3744704848502294,
-0.0566904894650964
] | [
-1.080484041773887,
-1.4941019144260956
] | 1,024 | [
512,
512
] | [
453,
29892,
366,
508,
884,
289,
1296,
963,
29889,
1816,
345,
963,
975,
263,
4497,
328,
363,
263,
3578,
17803,
29892,
577,
278,
325,
1099,
335,
2267,
371,
508,
3765,
408,
10714,
292,
29889,
13,
2831,
263,
3578,
301,
3322,
470,
263,
380,
4254,
363,
263,
17803,
6263,
29892,
445,
4497,
3712,
2652,
802,
338,
907,
25934,
29892,
8261,
29892,
322,
1370,
4056,
29889,
739,
8665,
411,
263,
2560,
364,
13375,
29892,
607,
338,
263,
19911,
366,
508,
3394,
304,
12003,
264,
916,
3669,
567,
322,
1886,
5652,
2748,
366,
29915,
345,
2355,
372,
5835,
287,
29889,
402,
2753,
728,
372,
411,
2181,
449,
787,
29892,
696,
28470,
2654,
1236,
2496,
10076,
567,
29892,
470,
269,
473,
907,
314,
363,
263,
5051,
24329,
29889,
13,
9984,
445,
875,
929,
29899,
29879,
1891,
5192,
29891,
4497,
3712,
26343,
521,
340,
672,
363,
263,
521,
9403,
11005,
470,
10940,
366,
864,
263,
14294,
29892,
13016,
292,
12580,
29880,
310,
1781,
2264,
29889,
476,
4841,
674,
5360,
278,
12003,
322,
907,
25934,
22300,
29892,
607,
366,
508,
1999,
355,
701,
297,
278,
9687,
21433,
470,
13389,
408,
338,
565,
366,
5821,
372,
263,
2217,
19875,
631,
29889,
402,
2753,
728,
411,
2181,
25443,
9922,
535,
363,
4805,
2181,
3322,
29889,
13,
29933,
5086,
4497,
3712,
297,
263,
1701,
309,
18203,
1886,
2232,
278,
9427,
411,
2217,
304,
694,
9950,
29892,
1550,
527,
1595,
292,
21054,
272,
515,
278,
12461,
29887,
583,
29892,
269,
506,
287,
454,
3712,
29892,
322,
10849,
902,
5824,
29889,
512,
6124,
29892,
445,
1158,
310,
1701,
309,
29899,
29890,
12535,
4497,
3712,
10017,
263,
12355,
873,
12507,
346,
366,
508,
1671,
975,
363,
263,
4922,
29892,
11071,
592,
284,
29889,
739,
29915,
29879,
2107,
373,
278,
867,
453,
470,
1584,
975,
278,
4242,
8696,
29892,
322,
4120,
1711,
17928,
8017,
29889,
7370,
411,
445,
9673,
29892,
322,
679,
907,
1230,
408,
366,
5835,
278,
11043,
29889,
13,
4373,
3088,
414,
1073,
393,
278,
8494,
6490,
1560,
12504,
4497,
3712,
19548,
295,
338,
278,
8494,
6490,
3209,
950,
26044,
470,
301,
3322,
322,
366,
508,
1207,
596,
1914,
472,
3271,
29693,
366,
5735,
29889,
450,
6124,
310,
5839,
839,
2654,
373,
291,
29892,
885,
497,
1080,
29892,
10849,
454,
3712,
29892,
322,
263,
2217,
270,
453,
599,
19595,
278,
10029,
14225,
1560,
12504,
4497,
3712,
322,
301,
375,
8802,
907,
314,
923,
968,
29889,
1334,
6907,
385,
17296,
19548,
295,
29892,
541,
596,
25448,
12875,
674,
884,
664,
1532,
29889,
4803,
1880,
29899,
29567,
2348,
1127,
10070,
363,
278,
1900,
11982,
16416,
7271,
29889,
13,
29911,
574,
29891,
12509,
6951,
12507,
346,
322,
18254,
1017,
3999,
420,
17182,
1207,
263,
4922,
1766,
1099,
311,
363,
445,
3999,
420,
330,
5621,
289,
12535,
4497,
3712,
977,
10376,
297,
445,
20021,
29899,
262,
1028,
2859,
9522,
412,
29889,
960,
366,
508,
29915,
29873,
1284,
330,
5621,
9878,
17827,
29892,
925,
6837,
29871,
29906,
6131,
1129,
787,
310,
298,
4992,
322,
29871,
29906,
734,
294,
1129,
787,
310,
1375,
1133,
10849,
330,
5621,
2012,
29889,
1816,
345,
372,
975,
7375,
4796,
19408,
363,
263,
2560,
592,
284,
393,
5304,
4208,
9098,
363,
263,
19587,
4723,
11147,
29889,
3575,
3353,
3942,
674,
5360,
278,
14225,
322,
18806,
29891,
21054,
943,
29889,
13,
8809,
1979,
366,
29915,
276,
17452,
385,
623,
300,
3950,
6263,
470,
817,
263,
4996,
322,
628,
14803,
380,
4254,
363,
596,
2446,
17803,
679,
29899,
29873,
12966,
29892,
596,
28865,
674,
2906,
473,
445,
907,
25934,
4497,
3712,
9677,
29889,
1816,
345,
372,
373,
2181,
275,
2272,
26755,
414,
363,
1426,
3631,
12814,
29889,
887,
508,
671,
10849,
470,
454,
29888,
517,
369,
4497,
3712,
977,
10376,
470,
1584,
508,
9571,
4497,
3712,
304,
1207,
372,
1584,
901,
23562,
29899,
18326,
368,
29889,
739,
723,
884,
21779,
2107,
408,
263,
11982,
16416,
9677,
373,
8182,
790,
1934,
411,
20447,
29891,
11343,
24551,
29889,
13,
9984,
445,
577,
29891,
14751,
24688,
4497,
3712,
432,
261,
3459,
297,
263,
316,
29882,
2941,
29878,
1061,
29892,
1560,
17933,
29892,
470,
1584,
596,
288,
854,
363,
263,
5192,
29891,
5807,
547,
366,
508,
2337,
3013,
373,
1361,
29889,
739,
4225,
304,
1766,
1099,
311,
363,
472,
3203,
9475,
6199,
322,
372,
1122,
2125,
472,
3203,
393,
1472,
304,
6159,
278,
7429,
18459,
29892,
577,
3814,
14432,
29889,
887,
508,
788,
5684,
805,
1575,
470,
21054,
272,
886,
304,
6837,
372,
701,
29892,
2086,
29889,
13,
4013,
4780,
322,
5192,
29891,
885,
2572,
27225,
29808,
411,
1560,
12504,
4497,
3712,
3732,
263,
4922,
26044,
29899,
1454,
29899,
29881,
3993,
393,
366,
508,
28189,
4208,
9098,
29889,
4116,
12504,
4497,
3712,
5304,
297,
1716,
7375,
29899,
322,
11220,
29899,
3844,
12504,
1197,
20850,
29889,
450,
7375,
1873,
4947,
7984,
287,
1550,
372,
29915,
29879,
1560,
17223,
29892,
577,
372,
5304,
714,
4497,
1017,
322,
9226,
29889,
26731,
29899,
3844,
12504,
4497,
3712,
1838,
29915,
29873,
29892,
577,
372,
27111,
577,
906,
322,
907,
314,
631,
29889,
887,
508,
671,
377,
4070,
369,
366,
5821,
297,
445,
9522,
412,
29892,
541,
367,
9543,
393,
278,
21054,
272,
674,
1735,
29889,
13,
29909,
14225,
322,
4048,
706,
14751,
911,
3732,
445,
2560,
298,
4992,
7537,
15816,
14751,
24688,
289,
12535,
4497,
3712,
19917,
29899,
1406,
292,
1781,
322,
372,
599,
5304,
4208,
297,
1090,
4203,
385,
7234,
29889,
1816,
345,
963,
411,
696,
28470,
3104,
20452,
470,
5161,
9693,
322,
263,
4259,
284,
7933,
18655,
519,
763,
408,
862,
351,
375,
470,
1771,
1558,
1379,
7689,
17718,
29889,
887,
1033,
884,
867,
453,
278,
977,
10376,
363,
263,
10029,
1560,
554,
631,
21779,
29889,
13,
10773,
1472,
4940,
29874,
763,
21110,
2172,
29892,
805,
21705,
9890,
29892,
470,
285,
1803,
29884,
617,
457,
1736,
9560,
368,
297,
445,
907,
25934,
29892,
5192,
29891,
4497,
3712,
805,
21705,
9890,
22004,
2518,
29889,
450,
8261,
19710,
322,
907,
314,
12507,
346,
1614,
1860,
4497,
1017,
9922,
535,
322,
17422,
3459,
4497,
3712,
7970,
322,
366,
508,
884,
788,
7933,
1236,
294,
363,
263,
1835,
310,
2927,
29889,
1816,
345,
372,
408,
4720,
408,
1950,
29892,
1951,
278,
12507,
346,
674,
12003,
264,
322,
1033,
4953,
3144,
434,
29891,
408,
372,
1302,
3775,
29889,
13,
29933
] | 2,685 | 1,024 | C4 | 1 | 6 |
ourbon, brown sugar, and nutty pecans are the perfect match for salmon fillets in this Southern-accented brown sugar bourbon salmon entree. You can use water instead of bourbon if you prefer, but the spirit gives the fish a lovely, slightly smoky element. Best of all, it all comes together in just about 15 minutes so you can make this elegant meal even on a weeknight.
Use tenderstem or broccoli rabe for this pretty and tasty broccoli and salmon tart that works as well for a brunch get-together as it does for a light supper. While this recipe includes instructions for making your own pastry, a prepared shell will cut down on prep time. Arranging the broccoli in a wheel pattern will make a beautiful presentation you'll just have to photograph.
Wrap salmon, shrimp, and mushrooms in these light crepes that are much easier to make than you think. Seasoned with dill and sprinkled with cheddar cheese, this seafood crepes with salmon dish is light, fresh-tasting, and decadent at the same time. You can use prepared crepes to cut down on prep time, but mastering the technique is really worth it. Your guests won't believe their taste buds!
This green sauce, or "salsa verde," originates in Northern Spain, and gets its bright emerald color from fresh parsley. It's traditionally served with fish and goes perfectly with silky salmon fillets. Squeeze a few lemon wedges over the top for a pop of citrus to round this salmon in salsa verde dish it all out. Roasted potatoes or rice will soak up the sauce.
You've probably made ham and scalloped potatoes with your leftover Easter ham, but have you ever thought to do the same with salmon? Flaky fish and creamy scalloped spuds make a delicious salmon scalloped potatoes main dish that's especially easy to toss together when using pre-sliced potatoes and frozen veggies. Use leftover grilled or baked salmon or even canned to expedite the process even further.
This light and luscious salmon soufflé isn't as hard as it sounds. Even though it only has two eggs, it sets up high and fluffy. Be warned: It will deflate quickly after leaving the oven, so serve it right away. Feel free to substitute dill or other herbs you like with salmon or use fresh cooked fillets instead of canned.
Spice up your lunchtime routine with these easy and pretty sandwich rolls. White bread and smoked salmon rolled with cream cheese makes a great addition to your brown bag. Use flavored cream cheese or toss in some dill, chives, or even capers and pickled red onions for an even more exciting flavor.
This crunchy, crispy, and nutty baked salmon mimics fried fish but with a twist. Try it with macadamia nuts or pecans, different herbs, or a spice mixture to suit your personal preferences. Crushed saltines also substitute for panko in this easy and versatile recipe.
Toss this salmon casserole in the oven to have dinner ready in half an hour with little active prep time. Either canned or fresh salmon fillets works great and you can adjust the seasonings and types of cheese with your family's favorites. Use cream of celery, potato, or even mushroom soup as the base and either egg or other shaped noodles to hold all of that mouthwatering sauce.
Did you know you can make salmon in the slow cooker? This easy main course uses moist heat to make a flaky and flavorful fish, and can sit on low for 6 to 8 hours while you're at work. It also lends itself to experimentation, so add mustard, dill, other herbs, and even different vegetables to tweak the taste. Serve the slow cooker salmon with caramelized onions and carrots and vegetables by themselves or with a side of potatoes for something heartier.
This Japanese-style salmon skin salad often appears on sushi restaurant menus and it's simple to replicate at home. Make sure you buy salmon fillets with the skin on or save the skin from another meal. Buying pre-washed spring | 0.961943 | -0.618951 | 0.028274 | -1.371838 | [
1.0879527920855014,
0.8359325131497294
] | [
-0.8114435611821892,
-0.4264584162005997
] | [
-0.12009651509970312,
0.17664368487025636
] | [
-1.2963977740388763,
-1.4472772495975437
] | 1,024 | [
512,
512
] | [
473,
6718,
29892,
17354,
26438,
29892,
322,
18254,
1017,
13209,
550,
526,
278,
4922,
1993,
363,
4497,
3712,
977,
10376,
297,
445,
14234,
29899,
562,
1760,
287,
17354,
26438,
289,
473,
6718,
4497,
3712,
875,
929,
29889,
887,
508,
671,
4094,
2012,
310,
289,
473,
6718,
565,
366,
5821,
29892,
541,
278,
8548,
4076,
278,
9427,
263,
12355,
873,
29892,
10029,
1560,
554,
29891,
1543,
29889,
6407,
310,
599,
29892,
372,
599,
5304,
4208,
297,
925,
1048,
29871,
29896,
29945,
6233,
577,
366,
508,
1207,
445,
19232,
592,
284,
1584,
373,
263,
4723,
11147,
29889,
13,
11403,
22707,
303,
331,
470,
2545,
617,
5079,
1153,
915,
363,
445,
5051,
322,
260,
579,
29891,
2545,
617,
5079,
322,
4497,
3712,
13914,
393,
1736,
408,
1532,
363,
263,
1506,
3322,
679,
29899,
29873,
12966,
408,
372,
947,
363,
263,
3578,
1462,
261,
29889,
5806,
445,
9522,
412,
7805,
11994,
363,
3907,
596,
1914,
2331,
2202,
29892,
263,
13240,
6473,
674,
5700,
1623,
373,
8273,
931,
29889,
25681,
9776,
278,
2545,
617,
5079,
297,
263,
18875,
4766,
674,
1207,
263,
9560,
24329,
366,
29915,
645,
925,
505,
304,
17739,
29889,
13,
29956,
2390,
4497,
3712,
29892,
528,
5632,
29886,
29892,
322,
286,
1878,
18901,
297,
1438,
3578,
907,
5547,
393,
526,
1568,
6775,
304,
1207,
1135,
366,
1348,
29889,
24791,
287,
411,
270,
453,
322,
7689,
682,
839,
411,
521,
287,
16702,
923,
968,
29892,
445,
7205,
1181,
397,
907,
5547,
411,
4497,
3712,
270,
728,
338,
3578,
29892,
10849,
29899,
29873,
579,
292,
29892,
322,
1602,
328,
296,
472,
278,
1021,
931,
29889,
887,
508,
671,
13240,
907,
5547,
304,
5700,
1623,
373,
8273,
931,
29892,
541,
5835,
292,
278,
11043,
338,
2289,
7088,
372,
29889,
3575,
28865,
2113,
29915,
29873,
4658,
1009,
21779,
8619,
29879,
29991,
13,
4013,
7933,
12507,
346,
29892,
470,
376,
29879,
1338,
29874,
1147,
311,
1699,
3978,
1078,
297,
14299,
13616,
29892,
322,
4947,
967,
11785,
11176,
2741,
2927,
515,
10849,
610,
29879,
2330,
29889,
739,
29915,
29879,
11399,
635,
6766,
411,
9427,
322,
5771,
7970,
411,
4047,
3459,
4497,
3712,
977,
10376,
29889,
317,
802,
29872,
911,
263,
2846,
454,
3712,
14837,
2710,
975,
278,
2246,
363,
263,
1835,
310,
7537,
15816,
304,
4513,
445,
4497,
3712,
297,
269,
1338,
29874,
1147,
311,
270,
728,
372,
599,
714,
29889,
1528,
28470,
3104,
20452,
470,
19408,
674,
577,
557,
701,
278,
12507,
346,
29889,
13,
3492,
29915,
345,
3117,
1754,
16366,
322,
8716,
27238,
3104,
20452,
411,
596,
454,
29888,
517,
369,
382,
1901,
16366,
29892,
541,
505,
366,
3926,
2714,
304,
437,
278,
1021,
411,
4497,
3712,
29973,
383,
433,
3459,
9427,
322,
907,
25934,
8716,
27238,
805,
566,
29879,
1207,
263,
628,
14803,
4497,
3712,
8716,
27238,
3104,
20452,
1667,
270,
728,
393,
29915,
29879,
7148,
4780,
304,
28189,
4208,
746,
773,
758,
29899,
29879,
506,
287,
3104,
20452,
322,
14671,
2256,
12461,
29887,
583,
29889,
4803,
454,
29888,
517,
369,
867,
24455,
470,
289,
12535,
4497,
3712,
470,
1584,
508,
9571,
304,
15310,
568,
278,
1889,
1584,
4340,
29889,
13,
4013,
3578,
322,
301,
375,
8802,
4497,
3712,
3669,
600,
12898,
3508,
29915,
29873,
408,
2898,
408,
372,
10083,
29889,
7753,
2466,
372,
871,
756,
1023,
29808,
29892,
372,
6166,
701,
1880,
322,
1652,
3096,
29891,
29889,
1522,
1370,
9571,
29901,
739,
674,
822,
9632,
9098,
1156,
10124,
278,
288,
854,
29892,
577,
9080,
372,
1492,
3448,
29889,
5169,
295,
3889,
304,
23764,
270,
453,
470,
916,
902,
5824,
366,
763,
411,
4497,
3712,
470,
671,
10849,
7984,
287,
977,
10376,
2012,
310,
508,
9571,
29889,
13,
5592,
625,
701,
596,
301,
3322,
2230,
26529,
411,
1438,
4780,
322,
5051,
11982,
16416,
9679,
29879,
29889,
8037,
18423,
322,
1560,
12504,
4497,
3712,
29081,
411,
907,
314,
923,
968,
3732,
263,
2107,
6124,
304,
596,
17354,
19548,
29889,
4803,
21054,
4395,
907,
314,
923,
968,
470,
28189,
297,
777,
270,
453,
29892,
521,
3145,
29892,
470,
1584,
2117,
414,
322,
5839,
839,
2654,
373,
1080,
363,
385,
1584,
901,
5566,
11407,
21054,
272,
29889,
13,
4013,
2181,
3322,
29891,
29892,
2181,
275,
2272,
29892,
322,
18254,
1017,
289,
12535,
4497,
3712,
286,
326,
1199,
285,
1255,
9427,
541,
411,
263,
3252,
391,
29889,
3967,
372,
411,
5825,
328,
314,
423,
302,
8842,
470,
13209,
550,
29892,
1422,
902,
5824,
29892,
470,
263,
805,
625,
29544,
304,
14726,
596,
7333,
5821,
2063,
29889,
6781,
15392,
15795,
1475,
884,
23764,
363,
282,
804,
29877,
297,
445,
4780,
322,
1224,
24285,
9522,
412,
29889,
13,
29911,
2209,
445,
4497,
3712,
274,
465,
1489,
280,
297,
278,
288,
854,
304,
505,
17803,
7960,
297,
4203,
385,
7234,
411,
2217,
6136,
8273,
931,
29889,
20370,
508,
9571,
470,
10849,
4497,
3712,
977,
10376,
1736,
2107,
322,
366,
508,
10365,
278,
4259,
886,
322,
4072,
310,
923,
968,
411,
596,
3942,
29915,
29879,
7853,
3246,
29889,
4803,
907,
314,
310,
6432,
708,
29892,
3104,
1219,
29892,
470,
1584,
286,
1878,
8345,
22300,
408,
278,
2967,
322,
2845,
19710,
470,
916,
528,
10501,
694,
397,
793,
304,
4808,
599,
310,
393,
13394,
13405,
292,
12507,
346,
29889,
13,
9260,
366,
1073,
366,
508,
1207,
4497,
3712,
297,
278,
5232,
7984,
261,
29973,
910,
4780,
1667,
3236,
3913,
2730,
391,
12871,
304,
1207,
263,
17422,
3459,
322,
21054,
272,
1319,
9427,
29892,
322,
508,
7845,
373,
4482,
363,
29871,
29953,
304,
29871,
29947,
6199,
1550,
366,
29915,
276,
472,
664,
29889,
739,
884,
301,
1975,
3528,
304,
7639,
362,
29892,
577,
788,
1818,
538,
29892,
270,
453,
29892,
916,
902,
5824,
29892,
322,
1584,
1422,
18655,
1849,
304,
7780,
557,
278,
21779,
29889,
1816,
345,
278,
5232,
7984,
261,
4497,
3712,
411,
1559,
314,
295,
1891,
373,
1080,
322,
1559,
307,
1372,
322,
18655,
1849,
491,
6053,
470,
411,
263,
2625,
310,
3104,
20452,
363,
1554,
5192,
631,
29889,
13,
4013,
10369,
29899,
3293,
4497,
3712,
19309,
4497,
328,
4049,
5692,
373,
269,
1878,
29875,
27144,
1757,
375,
322,
372,
29915,
29879,
2560,
304,
1634,
5926,
472,
3271,
29889,
8561,
1854,
366,
15649,
4497,
3712,
977,
10376,
411,
278,
19309,
373,
470,
4078,
278,
19309,
515,
1790,
592,
284,
29889,
5373,
5414,
758,
29899,
29893,
25936,
6709
] | 2,685 | 2,048 | C4 | 1 | 6 |
Are you in love with simple keto dishes? Are you in love with flavor? Well, hello, savory pork! This is a dish that you can whip up on a Wednesday night, or quickly pull together for an impromptu weekend gathering. Welcome to Flavortown.
Rub the chops with pesto and fry on medium heat in butter or oil for 8 minutes and let simmer for 4 more minutes on low heat.
Mix mayonnaise with red pesto. Serve on the side.
This meal pairs beautifully with broccoli and cauliflower in cheese and a big salad. Peppery greens like arugula also give these chops a hint of bright, earthy spice!
What is RED pesto? Could you please post a recipe? Thank you.
The version I am familiar with is taking a basic green pesto (basil, garlic, olive oil, pine nuts, etc) and adding ground paste of sun dried tomatoes that have been preserved in olive oil. If you want it spicier, you can add chili pepper. The sun dried tomatoes will transform the green pesto into red pesto, and give it a really nice flavour.
We have red and green pesto in the stores. Green is usually basil or Italian herb, red can be tomato or red pepper-based. Most have cheese added as well.
Can anyone tell me if the mayonnaise that is used for this recipe is homemade or shop bought? I've seen some low carb books that they recommend Hellman's mayo but it does contain sugar (1.3grams per 100ml)- is this allowed for a diabetic?
I had today breakfast and lunch and cooked diner, but I am actually absolutely not hungry at all. I feel very well and now I am asking myself if I should eat or leave dinner out? It would fit to the motto eat until you are satisfied. I feel satisfied right now (9pm) and don't feel like eating.
But if I do so, I am a bit scared that I could wake up in the middleof the night raving with hunger.
I added sun dried tomatoes to a green pesto in my food processor, and these were the best pork chops I've ever had! Can't wait to have them again!
What is RED pesto? Could you please post a recipe? I live in Singapore and do not know where or how to get it. Thank you.
OMG..... This is delicious. My husband is raving about it..... and so am I.
Red Pesto is basil and tomato based pesto. You may find it in the area devoted to tomato pastes , passata, pasta sauces, etc. I live in Australia, but I m sure supermarkets are probably the same everywhere.
I looked up sun dried tomato nutrition profile, which is what makes this pesto red, and discovered that 1 cup (54 grams) has 20 grams of sugar.
In moderation, sun dried tomato can be worked in to a LCHF diet, however, for all you LCHFer's out there, be cautious of the 'carb creep' potential here, by either adding too many sun dried tomatoes to your pesto, or alternatively, using too much red pesto sauce in your cooking.
This is absolutely delicious. I used the Primal Kitchen mayo and added the red pesto. This was the best porkchop meal I've ever had. Seriously!
Delicious! I mixed the pesto with Primal Kitchen's mayo. OMG! Literally the BEST pork chop I've ever cooked! Thank you! I love the recipes you have.
Why not? I't looks reasonable to me.
i dont eat pork but i replaced with lamb chops , its very low calorie and good for health, but i forcely pushed my self to eat lamb chops..
I just tried this recipe today. It's good. I enjoyed it and will cook it again. I used Seggiano red pesto. Thanks for the recipe.
Has anyone tried this with green pesto? I made yesterday's meal with red pesto and don't want another red pesto based meal. In fact, I may skip this meal altogether because i made too many burgers on day 1 and am having left over burger for | -0.021484 | -0.794433 | -0.118828 | -1.483696 | [
0.3675035164321534,
-0.4104721272391425
] | [
-0.6914714462344381,
-0.8973937330850558
] | [
-0.03132807921125371,
-0.20632870996276828
] | [
-1.2079511849182785,
-1.7594416817878897
] | 1,024 | [
512,
512
] | [
4683,
366,
297,
5360,
411,
2560,
413,
10896,
270,
17006,
29973,
4683,
366,
297,
5360,
411,
21054,
272,
29973,
5674,
29892,
22172,
29892,
4048,
706,
282,
548,
29991,
910,
338,
263,
270,
728,
393,
366,
508,
377,
666,
701,
373,
263,
15050,
4515,
3250,
4646,
29892,
470,
9098,
8206,
4208,
363,
385,
2411,
456,
415,
29884,
4723,
355,
11705,
292,
29889,
21829,
304,
383,
4112,
441,
776,
29889,
13,
29934,
431,
278,
521,
3554,
411,
282,
4778,
322,
285,
719,
373,
18350,
12871,
297,
541,
357,
470,
17182,
363,
29871,
29947,
6233,
322,
1235,
1027,
1050,
363,
29871,
29946,
901,
6233,
373,
4482,
12871,
29889,
13,
29924,
861,
1122,
11586,
895,
411,
2654,
282,
4778,
29889,
1816,
345,
373,
278,
2625,
29889,
13,
4013,
592,
284,
11000,
9560,
368,
411,
2545,
617,
5079,
322,
5777,
352,
361,
13609,
297,
923,
968,
322,
263,
4802,
4497,
328,
29889,
3938,
407,
708,
1395,
575,
763,
564,
688,
2497,
884,
2367,
1438,
521,
3554,
263,
13182,
310,
11785,
29892,
8437,
29891,
805,
625,
29991,
13,
5618,
338,
390,
3352,
282,
4778,
29973,
6527,
366,
3113,
1400,
263,
9522,
412,
29973,
3374,
366,
29889,
13,
1576,
1873,
306,
626,
9985,
411,
338,
5622,
263,
6996,
7933,
282,
4778,
313,
6500,
309,
29892,
7171,
506,
29892,
288,
9258,
17182,
29892,
282,
457,
302,
8842,
29892,
2992,
29897,
322,
4417,
5962,
11417,
310,
6575,
270,
1255,
6454,
20452,
393,
505,
1063,
21634,
297,
288,
9258,
17182,
29889,
960,
366,
864,
372,
805,
293,
631,
29892,
366,
508,
788,
521,
2638,
1236,
2496,
29889,
450,
6575,
270,
1255,
6454,
20452,
674,
4327,
278,
7933,
282,
4778,
964,
2654,
282,
4778,
29892,
322,
2367,
372,
263,
2289,
7575,
21054,
473,
29889,
13,
4806,
505,
2654,
322,
7933,
282,
4778,
297,
278,
14422,
29889,
7646,
338,
5491,
2362,
309,
470,
10545,
902,
29890,
29892,
2654,
508,
367,
6454,
1219,
470,
2654,
1236,
2496,
29899,
6707,
29889,
7849,
505,
923,
968,
2715,
408,
1532,
29889,
13,
6028,
5019,
2649,
592,
565,
278,
1122,
11586,
895,
393,
338,
1304,
363,
445,
9522,
412,
338,
3632,
331,
1943,
470,
18296,
18093,
29973,
306,
29915,
345,
3595,
777,
4482,
1559,
29890,
8277,
393,
896,
6907,
19339,
1171,
29915,
29879,
7502,
541,
372,
947,
1712,
26438,
313,
29896,
29889,
29941,
1393,
29879,
639,
29871,
29896,
29900,
29900,
828,
6817,
338,
445,
6068,
363,
263,
652,
370,
7492,
29973,
13,
29902,
750,
9826,
26044,
322,
301,
3322,
322,
7984,
287,
4538,
261,
29892,
541,
306,
626,
2869,
13312,
451,
9074,
14793,
472,
599,
29889,
306,
4459,
1407,
1532,
322,
1286,
306,
626,
6721,
6142,
565,
306,
881,
17545,
470,
5967,
17803,
714,
29973,
739,
723,
6216,
304,
278,
3184,
517,
17545,
2745,
366,
526,
15787,
29889,
306,
4459,
15787,
1492,
1286,
313,
29929,
3358,
29897,
322,
1016,
29915,
29873,
4459,
763,
321,
1218,
29889,
13,
6246,
565,
306,
437,
577,
29892,
306,
626,
263,
2586,
885,
1965,
393,
306,
1033,
281,
1296,
701,
297,
278,
7256,
974,
278,
4646,
1153,
1747,
411,
18757,
261,
29889,
13,
29902,
2715,
6575,
270,
1255,
6454,
20452,
304,
263,
7933,
282,
4778,
297,
590,
9687,
21433,
29892,
322,
1438,
892,
278,
1900,
282,
548,
521,
3554,
306,
29915,
345,
3926,
750,
29991,
1815,
29915,
29873,
4480,
304,
505,
963,
1449,
29991,
13,
5618,
338,
390,
3352,
282,
4778,
29973,
6527,
366,
3113,
1400,
263,
9522,
412,
29973,
306,
5735,
297,
25960,
322,
437,
451,
1073,
988,
470,
920,
304,
679,
372,
29889,
3374,
366,
29889,
13,
6488,
29954,
18598,
910,
338,
628,
14803,
29889,
1619,
10216,
338,
1153,
1747,
1048,
372,
18598,
322,
577,
626,
306,
29889,
13,
9039,
349,
4778,
338,
2362,
309,
322,
6454,
1219,
2729,
282,
4778,
29889,
887,
1122,
1284,
372,
297,
278,
4038,
24600,
304,
6454,
1219,
4940,
267,
1919,
1209,
532,
29892,
4940,
29874,
12507,
778,
29892,
2992,
29889,
306,
5735,
297,
8314,
29892,
541,
306,
286,
1854,
2428,
3502,
1691,
526,
3117,
278,
1021,
16978,
29889,
13,
29902,
5148,
701,
6575,
270,
1255,
6454,
1219,
18254,
29878,
654,
8722,
29892,
607,
338,
825,
3732,
445,
282,
4778,
2654,
29892,
322,
10943,
393,
29871,
29896,
18002,
313,
29945,
29946,
867,
2232,
29897,
756,
29871,
29906,
29900,
867,
2232,
310,
26438,
29889,
13,
797,
17768,
362,
29892,
6575,
270,
1255,
6454,
1219,
508,
367,
3796,
297,
304,
263,
365,
3210,
29943,
652,
300,
29892,
3138,
29892,
363,
599,
366,
365,
3210,
29943,
261,
29915,
29879,
714,
727,
29892,
367,
274,
1300,
2738,
310,
278,
525,
4287,
29890,
907,
1022,
29915,
7037,
1244,
29892,
491,
2845,
4417,
2086,
1784,
6575,
270,
1255,
6454,
20452,
304,
596,
282,
4778,
29892,
470,
5136,
6703,
29892,
773,
2086,
1568,
2654,
282,
4778,
12507,
346,
297,
596,
7984,
292,
29889,
13,
4013,
338,
13312,
628,
14803,
29889,
306,
1304,
278,
1588,
3039,
476,
23213,
7502,
322,
2715,
278,
2654,
282,
4778,
29889,
910,
471,
278,
1900,
282,
548,
305,
459,
592,
284,
306,
29915,
345,
3926,
750,
29889,
1816,
17365,
29991,
13,
13157,
14803,
29991,
306,
12849,
278,
282,
4778,
411,
1588,
3039,
476,
23213,
29915,
29879,
7502,
29889,
438,
29924,
29954,
29991,
5449,
635,
278,
20700,
1254,
282,
548,
521,
459,
306,
29915,
345,
3926,
7984,
287,
29991,
3374,
366,
29991,
306,
5360,
278,
9522,
5547,
366,
505,
29889,
13,
11008,
451,
29973,
306,
29915,
29873,
3430,
15590,
304,
592,
29889,
13,
29875,
4555,
17545,
282,
548,
541,
474,
8611,
411,
301,
1117,
521,
3554,
1919,
967,
1407,
4482,
1208,
7661,
322,
1781,
363,
9045,
29892,
541,
474,
363,
29883,
873,
18760,
590,
1583,
304,
17545,
301,
1117,
521,
3554,
636,
13,
29902,
925,
1898,
445,
9522,
412,
9826,
29889,
739,
29915,
29879,
1781,
29889,
306,
27849,
372,
322,
674,
7984,
372,
1449,
29889,
306,
1304,
6667,
29887,
3328,
2654,
282,
4778,
29889,
1834,
363,
278,
9522,
412,
29889,
13,
14510,
5019,
1898,
445,
411,
7933,
282,
4778,
29973,
306,
1754,
22600,
29915,
29879,
592,
284,
411,
2654,
282,
4778,
322,
1016,
29915,
29873,
864,
1790,
2654,
282,
4778,
2729,
592,
284,
29889,
512,
2114,
29892,
306,
1122,
14383,
445,
592,
284,
19148,
1363,
474,
1754,
2086,
1784,
26072,
414,
373,
2462,
29871,
29896,
322,
626,
2534,
2175,
975,
6866,
914,
363
] | 2,686 | 0 | C4 | 1 | 6 |
my KTU
academic IS
Building Materials and Structures Research Centre
Center of Smart Cities and Infrastructure
KTU
FCEA
Fallon from Zimbabwe: When I become a president…
Important | 2018-04-30
International community, many opportunities to expand knowledge and skills, and student organisations are the main advantages of Kaunas University of Technology (KTU) for Fallon Manhanga from Zimbabwe. Studying civil engineering, she came to KTU from Cyprus, which was "too hot". The girl was happy to find a much better study quality and far more agreeable climate in Kaunas.
"There're more opportunities presented here. I guess, you have to show the initiative, and if you do, teachers and staff will be willing to go the extra mile for you", says Fallon.
The third year bachelor's student is an active member of Women Leadership Network at KTU, is involved in KTU Ambassadors' activities, and is taking extra classes for research activities. On her free time, Fallon is teaching English in a private school on Saturdays and playing field hockey, a very popular sport back home.
"I am one of those people who are very good at maximising opportunities. I don't like to dwell on the negative, because if you do that you'll waste a lot of time", says the girl, smiling.
Coming from the far-away Zimbabwe she mostly misses her family and food, but is happy to experience cool Lithuanian climate and is enjoying our green nature, which reminds her of home.
Plans to go home and start building
Former student of a university in Cyprus, Fallon admits that she chose Lithuania for it being a Christian nation, but, most of all, for the quality of studies at KTU: "It seemed that I wasn't getting much from studies in Cyprus, not progressing, really".
Here at KTU she is working closely with teachers and professors and is even involved in doing a research project.
Investigating concrete properties at the laboratory
"We are researching the recycling of concrete waste water: investigating various factors, such as its compressing strength and others. Then we might possibly see, if you can actually reuse the water by adding it to the concrete mix", explains Fallon.
She chose civil engineering as this is a field the student felt she might make the biggest impact, to implement the biggest changes back home.
"I want to take in as much experience as I can, maybe to travel and study in other European countries. However, after studies I am planning to go home and to start building. Here I see so many things we don't have in my own country: the way the buildings are built, general construction processes in Lithuania are so much more advanced", says Fallon.
Varied and active international community
Although Fallon would like to meet more Zimbabweans and even more Africans in Kaunas, she is impressed by the variety of the international community at KTU.
"In Kaunas I can meet people from Italy and Spain, and even South America, as they come here through Erasmus exchange and other programmes. We live together in the dormitory of international students, and you can really get to feel what the different cultures are", says Fallon.
The girl says, that although it might be beneficial for international students and Lithuanians to mix a little bit more by living together in the
same dormitory, she would suggest to start the integration process slowly, from volunteers. In her opinion, the initiative to integrate into
Cycling to Nida
different culture is always upon the person who comes.
"Even us, international students, are forming different groups, so you have to make an effort if you want to integrate into any of them. While talking to local people, I try to use basic Lithuanian phrases to be more approachable, to show that I am open to communicate. I believe, that even if you are not intending to stay somewhere, you need to make an attempt to integrate into the society", says Fallon.
Teaches English and encourages women leadership
Teaching English in a private school for 3-6 year olds for the KTU student is also a part of integrating into society, as she gets to know more people and to communicate with other teachers. Fallon says the work is fun: "It's an interesting job and my pupils are really very sweet children: they want to touch me, they always hug me and | 0.333262 | -0.252767 | 0.757443 | -0.838557 | [
0.02234530832446578,
0.644177953089903
] | [
-0.18158995770649572,
-0.32394492992061835
] | [
0.5925872130332765,
0.9222985463332315
] | [
-0.8658709946430241,
-0.8112422190097135
] | 1,024 | [
512,
512
] | [
590,
476,
29911,
29965,
13,
562,
1943,
13076,
8519,
13,
8893,
292,
17582,
29879,
322,
28771,
1973,
10550,
11319,
13,
13409,
310,
4116,
442,
315,
1907,
322,
512,
14867,
12425,
13,
29968,
29911,
29965,
13,
29943,
4741,
29909,
13,
29943,
497,
265,
515,
796,
19977,
370,
705,
29901,
1932,
306,
4953,
263,
6673,
30098,
13,
17518,
424,
891,
29871,
29906,
29900,
29896,
29947,
29899,
29900,
29946,
29899,
29941,
29900,
13,
17579,
1288,
7881,
29892,
1784,
28602,
1907,
304,
7985,
7134,
322,
25078,
29892,
322,
8368,
17459,
800,
526,
278,
1667,
25486,
310,
13680,
17496,
3014,
310,
17968,
313,
29968,
29911,
29965,
29897,
363,
14053,
265,
2315,
11895,
29874,
515,
796,
19977,
370,
705,
29889,
5088,
5414,
7631,
21639,
29892,
1183,
2996,
304,
476,
29911,
29965,
515,
8045,
558,
375,
29892,
607,
471,
376,
517,
29877,
7375,
1642,
450,
7826,
471,
9796,
304,
1284,
263,
1568,
2253,
6559,
11029,
322,
2215,
901,
8661,
519,
23622,
297,
13680,
17496,
29889,
13,
29908,
8439,
29915,
276,
901,
28602,
1907,
9132,
1244,
29889,
306,
4140,
29892,
366,
505,
304,
1510,
278,
14511,
1230,
29892,
322,
565,
366,
437,
29892,
27335,
322,
13925,
674,
367,
17762,
304,
748,
278,
4805,
17967,
363,
366,
613,
4083,
14053,
265,
29889,
13,
1576,
4654,
1629,
289,
496,
12779,
29915,
29879,
8368,
338,
385,
6136,
4509,
310,
10152,
951,
328,
10475,
8527,
472,
476,
29911,
29965,
29892,
338,
9701,
297,
476,
29911,
29965,
15145,
465,
24549,
29915,
14188,
29892,
322,
338,
5622,
4805,
4413,
363,
5925,
14188,
29889,
1551,
902,
3889,
931,
29892,
14053,
265,
338,
18819,
4223,
297,
263,
2024,
3762,
373,
317,
1337,
16700,
322,
8743,
1746,
18881,
29892,
263,
1407,
5972,
7980,
1250,
3271,
29889,
13,
29908,
29902,
626,
697,
310,
1906,
2305,
1058,
526,
1407,
1781,
472,
5256,
5921,
28602,
1907,
29889,
306,
1016,
29915,
29873,
763,
304,
24013,
373,
278,
8178,
29892,
1363,
565,
366,
437,
393,
366,
29915,
645,
19863,
263,
3287,
310,
931,
613,
4083,
278,
7826,
29892,
1560,
6504,
29889,
13,
1523,
292,
515,
278,
2215,
29899,
21694,
796,
19977,
370,
705,
1183,
11149,
3052,
267,
902,
3942,
322,
9687,
29892,
541,
338,
9796,
304,
7271,
12528,
27620,
12323,
713,
23622,
322,
338,
11418,
5414,
1749,
7933,
5469,
29892,
607,
1083,
12772,
902,
310,
3271,
29889,
13,
3247,
550,
304,
748,
3271,
322,
1369,
5214,
13,
2500,
261,
8368,
310,
263,
16372,
297,
8045,
558,
375,
29892,
14053,
265,
7336,
1169,
393,
1183,
12784,
27620,
29884,
4807,
363,
372,
1641,
263,
6111,
5233,
29892,
541,
29892,
1556,
310,
599,
29892,
363,
278,
11029,
310,
11898,
472,
476,
29911,
29965,
29901,
376,
3112,
6140,
393,
306,
9007,
29915,
29873,
2805,
1568,
515,
11898,
297,
8045,
558,
375,
29892,
451,
6728,
292,
29892,
2289,
1642,
13,
10605,
472,
476,
29911,
29965,
1183,
338,
1985,
16467,
411,
27335,
322,
25718,
943,
322,
338,
1584,
9701,
297,
2599,
263,
5925,
2060,
29889,
13,
12165,
5286,
1218,
18387,
4426,
472,
278,
10212,
7606,
13,
29908,
4806,
526,
5925,
292,
278,
1162,
29891,
19914,
310,
18387,
19863,
4094,
29901,
7405,
1218,
5164,
13879,
29892,
1316,
408,
967,
27122,
292,
9324,
322,
4045,
29889,
1987,
591,
1795,
10075,
1074,
29892,
565,
366,
508,
2869,
24270,
278,
4094,
491,
4417,
372,
304,
278,
18387,
6837,
613,
18568,
14053,
265,
29889,
13,
13468,
12784,
7631,
21639,
408,
445,
338,
263,
1746,
278,
8368,
7091,
1183,
1795,
1207,
278,
24842,
10879,
29892,
304,
2334,
278,
24842,
3620,
1250,
3271,
29889,
13,
29908,
29902,
864,
304,
2125,
297,
408,
1568,
7271,
408,
306,
508,
29892,
5505,
304,
9850,
322,
6559,
297,
916,
7824,
10916,
29889,
2398,
29892,
1156,
11898,
306,
626,
18987,
304,
748,
3271,
322,
304,
1369,
5214,
29889,
2266,
306,
1074,
577,
1784,
2712,
591,
1016,
29915,
29873,
505,
297,
590,
1914,
4234,
29901,
278,
982,
278,
13814,
526,
4240,
29892,
2498,
7632,
10174,
297,
27620,
29884,
4807,
526,
577,
1568,
901,
12862,
613,
4083,
14053,
265,
29889,
13,
9037,
1000,
322,
6136,
6121,
7881,
13,
2499,
3592,
14053,
265,
723,
763,
304,
5870,
901,
796,
19977,
370,
705,
550,
322,
1584,
901,
6308,
16708,
297,
13680,
17496,
29892,
1183,
338,
527,
13120,
491,
278,
12875,
310,
278,
6121,
7881,
472,
476,
29911,
29965,
29889,
13,
29908,
797,
13680,
17496,
306,
508,
5870,
2305,
515,
12730,
322,
13616,
29892,
322,
1584,
4275,
6813,
29892,
408,
896,
2041,
1244,
1549,
1425,
294,
8366,
14523,
322,
916,
1824,
4467,
29889,
1334,
5735,
4208,
297,
278,
270,
555,
5047,
310,
6121,
8041,
29892,
322,
366,
508,
2289,
679,
304,
4459,
825,
278,
1422,
4185,
1973,
526,
613,
4083,
14053,
265,
29889,
13,
1576,
7826,
4083,
29892,
393,
5998,
372,
1795,
367,
7795,
5611,
363,
6121,
8041,
322,
27620,
29884,
3270,
550,
304,
6837,
263,
2217,
2586,
901,
491,
8471,
4208,
297,
278,
13,
17642,
270,
555,
5047,
29892,
1183,
723,
4368,
304,
1369,
278,
13465,
1889,
14205,
29892,
515,
27886,
414,
29889,
512,
902,
9426,
29892,
278,
14511,
1230,
304,
22782,
964,
13,
29733,
19914,
304,
405,
1458,
13,
29881,
15622,
9257,
338,
2337,
2501,
278,
2022,
1058,
5304,
29889,
13,
29908,
29923,
854,
502,
29892,
6121,
8041,
29892,
526,
25391,
1422,
6471,
29892,
577,
366,
505,
304,
1207,
385,
7225,
565,
366,
864,
304,
22782,
964,
738,
310,
963,
29889,
5806,
9963,
304,
1887,
2305,
29892,
306,
1018,
304,
671,
6996,
27620,
12323,
713,
12216,
2129,
304,
367,
901,
2948,
519,
29892,
304,
1510,
393,
306,
626,
1722,
304,
23120,
29889,
306,
4658,
29892,
393,
1584,
565,
366,
526,
451,
938,
2548,
304,
7952,
9051,
29892,
366,
817,
304,
1207,
385,
4218,
304,
22782,
964,
278,
12459,
613,
4083,
14053,
265,
29889,
13,
29911,
4204,
267,
4223,
322,
18443,
267,
5866,
26001,
13,
29911,
4204,
292,
4223,
297,
263,
2024,
3762,
363,
29871,
29941,
29899,
29953,
1629,
2030,
29879,
363,
278,
476,
29911,
29965,
8368,
338,
884,
263,
760,
310,
3990,
1218,
964,
12459,
29892,
408,
1183,
4947,
304,
1073,
901,
2305,
322,
304,
23120,
411,
916,
27335,
29889,
14053,
265,
4083,
278,
664,
338,
2090,
29901,
376,
3112,
29915,
29879,
385,
8031,
4982,
322,
590,
23449,
2719,
526,
2289,
1407,
14225,
4344,
29901,
896,
864,
304,
6023,
592,
29892,
896,
2337,
298,
688,
592,
322
] | 2,687 | 0 | CommonCrawl | 21 | 17 |
Gifts that are romantic, practical, or of a symbolic sentiment are often given as a passing of congratulations and good luck to couples on the successful completion of each year of their marriage.
When it comes to anniversaries this gifting is made a little easier through the use of the traditional and modern gift lists. Designed to offer suggestions for items symbolic of the depth of the relationship and relative to the number of years spent within the union these suggested gifts are a sentimentally sweet way to help the couple celebrate their successful union.
For the 12th wedding anniversary the traditional list calls for items of silk or linen while the modern list suggestion is for pearls or items made of pearl. The symbolic flower for this year is the beautiful full bodied peony while the gem stone is jade. These gifts meaning each in their own way prosperity and wealth which are indeed the intrinsic value of this long term union.
Jade can be found in shades of green, blue, red, black, lavender, yellow, and white. The white variety is referred to as mutton fat and is often the most expensive shade of this ancient stone while the color most associated with it is green.
Jade's symbolism of purity and protection is strong. Viewed as a stone of good luck for health, longevity, and wealth it can offer balance, calm, peace, courage, and wisdom. As a healing stone it is very unlike others as it is one that can cause no harm. The calming shades of this stone are believed to provide harmonious balance within the home and the emotions.
Jade is such a highly valued gem that it is often placed at a level equal to gold. As the symbolic gem of the 12th anniversary it is a stone of intrinsic value. Gifts of this stone are highly symbolic bringing with them blessings of good fortune and luck. The jade plant is also given a symbolical meaning similar to this stone.
This love has blossomed into a visible rich luxurious splendor. Admired, respected, and desired for its strength of union. The 12 year anniversary year is one meriting gifts of great beauty and wealth.
The Peony is symbolic of good fortune, prosperity, honor, romance, and contentment within marriage. This large flower with its rich abundant petals so very fitting of its symbolism.
Items containing the image of the peony flower are an ideal twelve year anniversary gift choice. It is a flower of many colors so offers quite a diversity in its decor theme. There are a large number of household products which carry its image and can be themed in decor items from the kitchen to the bedroom.
A bouquet of flowers or plant is also always a touching gift. For an anniversary it is nice to combine this green present with sweets or a bottle of fine wine. The combination of these adds to the romantic nature of this flower. Its a finishing touch that definitely gets noticed.
Silk is a cloth of quite a high value making it a gift of ideal symbolism for this twelve year anniversary. Its rich luxury being quantitative to the character of this long term relationship.
The durability and devotion of the 12th year martial bond is now evident to all who view it. A treasure of great wealth it is a marriage union that deserves to be treated as such.
This is a relationship that has withstood the test of time to stand strong against any opposing forces. Rather than breaking apart through the trials of earlier years these experiences served to strengthen the devotion and loyalty of one to the another.
The smooth luxury of silk is available in many household or personal items and a gift sentimentally suiting this celebratory year.
The beautiful opalescent pearl is the modern gift list suggest for the twelve year wedding anniversary year. The pearl's symbolic meaning is one of innocence, fertility, and integrity of thought.
Pearls were traditionally worn by those of nobility as a symbol of their affluence and prosperity but were also the gem chosen by new brides to wear on their wedding day as a symbol of their virtue.
This romantic bridal tradition continues today. You will often see pearls adorning the bride's gown, decorations, and cake.
It is said that pearls will bring good luck when gifted in love or worn by those with integrity and purity of heart but this same gem is bad luck when worn by those with ill intentions. A rare gift from the sea this natural gem was an item to be treasured.
The pearl' | 1.52077 | -0.136153 | -0.037986 | -0.67028 | [
1.696088682560951,
1.3454517727372683
] | [
0.07670821514743119,
-0.3490137300589544
] | [
0.3744704848502294,
-0.4504419086560042
] | [
-0.5358221418584393,
-0.8047387933390813
] | 1,024 | [
512,
512
] | [
402,
17741,
393,
526,
6017,
7716,
29892,
15031,
29892,
470,
310,
263,
5829,
293,
19688,
526,
4049,
2183,
408,
263,
6819,
310,
378,
629,
271,
8250,
322,
1781,
9885,
304,
3581,
2701,
373,
278,
9150,
13285,
310,
1269,
1629,
310,
1009,
13718,
29889,
13,
10401,
372,
5304,
304,
6957,
874,
4314,
445,
330,
24377,
338,
1754,
263,
2217,
6775,
1549,
278,
671,
310,
278,
13807,
322,
5400,
19797,
8857,
29889,
12037,
287,
304,
5957,
10529,
363,
4452,
5829,
293,
310,
278,
10809,
310,
278,
9443,
322,
6198,
304,
278,
1353,
310,
2440,
10398,
2629,
278,
9833,
1438,
7829,
330,
17741,
526,
263,
19688,
635,
14225,
982,
304,
1371,
278,
7303,
10894,
403,
1009,
9150,
9833,
29889,
13,
2831,
278,
29871,
29896,
29906,
386,
14837,
8497,
6957,
27547,
278,
13807,
1051,
5717,
363,
4452,
310,
4047,
29895,
470,
6276,
264,
1550,
278,
5400,
1051,
8998,
338,
363,
282,
799,
3137,
470,
4452,
1754,
310,
282,
799,
29880,
29889,
450,
5829,
293,
28149,
363,
445,
1629,
338,
278,
9560,
2989,
13004,
1000,
1236,
2592,
1550,
278,
7055,
12565,
338,
432,
1943,
29889,
4525,
330,
17741,
6593,
1269,
297,
1009,
1914,
982,
25831,
537,
322,
17173,
607,
526,
6200,
278,
11158,
28594,
995,
310,
445,
1472,
1840,
9833,
29889,
13,
29967,
1943,
508,
367,
1476,
297,
528,
3076,
310,
7933,
29892,
7254,
29892,
2654,
29892,
4628,
29892,
22181,
1581,
29892,
13328,
29892,
322,
4796,
29889,
450,
4796,
12875,
338,
12992,
304,
408,
286,
1851,
9950,
322,
338,
4049,
278,
1556,
19390,
528,
1943,
310,
445,
12297,
12565,
1550,
278,
2927,
1556,
6942,
411,
372,
338,
7933,
29889,
13,
29967,
1943,
29915,
29879,
5829,
1608,
310,
3708,
537,
322,
13047,
338,
4549,
29889,
4533,
287,
408,
263,
12565,
310,
1781,
9885,
363,
9045,
29892,
23123,
479,
17037,
29892,
322,
17173,
372,
508,
5957,
17346,
29892,
21732,
29892,
10776,
29892,
19872,
29892,
322,
29714,
29889,
1094,
263,
540,
12818,
12565,
372,
338,
1407,
25531,
4045,
408,
372,
338,
697,
393,
508,
4556,
694,
10311,
29889,
450,
1208,
4056,
528,
3076,
310,
445,
12565,
526,
13112,
304,
3867,
10311,
265,
2738,
17346,
2629,
278,
3271,
322,
278,
23023,
1080,
29889,
13,
29967,
1943,
338,
1316,
263,
10712,
659,
6742,
7055,
393,
372,
338,
4049,
7180,
472,
263,
3233,
5186,
304,
7684,
29889,
1094,
278,
5829,
293,
7055,
310,
278,
29871,
29896,
29906,
386,
6957,
27547,
372,
338,
263,
12565,
310,
11158,
28594,
995,
29889,
402,
17741,
310,
445,
12565,
526,
10712,
5829,
293,
20794,
411,
963,
17065,
886,
310,
1781,
19717,
322,
9885,
29889,
450,
432,
1943,
8024,
338,
884,
2183,
263,
5829,
936,
6593,
2788,
304,
445,
12565,
29889,
13,
4013,
5360,
756,
1999,
2209,
27067,
964,
263,
7962,
8261,
21684,
332,
2738,
8536,
12184,
29889,
2087,
29885,
2859,
29892,
3390,
287,
29892,
322,
7429,
363,
967,
9324,
310,
9833,
29889,
450,
29871,
29896,
29906,
1629,
6957,
27547,
1629,
338,
697,
2778,
11407,
330,
17741,
310,
2107,
15409,
322,
17173,
29889,
13,
1576,
3938,
2592,
338,
5829,
293,
310,
1781,
19717,
29892,
25831,
537,
29892,
10657,
29892,
6017,
749,
29892,
322,
2793,
358,
2629,
13718,
29889,
910,
2919,
28149,
411,
967,
8261,
18666,
424,
5697,
1338,
577,
1407,
28221,
310,
967,
5829,
1608,
29889,
13,
6913,
6943,
278,
1967,
310,
278,
1236,
2592,
28149,
526,
385,
10839,
17680,
1629,
6957,
27547,
19797,
7348,
29889,
739,
338,
263,
28149,
310,
1784,
11955,
577,
16688,
3755,
263,
6894,
537,
297,
967,
10200,
10929,
29889,
1670,
526,
263,
2919,
1353,
310,
22329,
9316,
607,
8677,
967,
1967,
322,
508,
367,
963,
287,
297,
10200,
4452,
515,
278,
29181,
304,
278,
6592,
8345,
29889,
13,
29909,
16380,
12621,
310,
18281,
470,
8024,
338,
884,
2337,
263,
6023,
292,
19797,
29889,
1152,
385,
6957,
27547,
372,
338,
7575,
304,
14405,
445,
7933,
2198,
411,
7901,
1691,
470,
263,
18046,
280,
310,
2691,
19006,
29889,
450,
10296,
310,
1438,
12778,
304,
278,
6017,
7716,
5469,
310,
445,
28149,
29889,
8011,
263,
28321,
6023,
393,
11630,
4947,
10548,
29889,
13,
26729,
29895,
338,
263,
13950,
310,
3755,
263,
1880,
995,
3907,
372,
263,
19797,
310,
10839,
5829,
1608,
363,
445,
17680,
1629,
6957,
27547,
29889,
8011,
8261,
21684,
2857,
1641,
4323,
23378,
304,
278,
2931,
310,
445,
1472,
1840,
9443,
29889,
13,
1576,
1411,
3097,
322,
2906,
8194,
310,
278,
29871,
29896,
29906,
386,
1629,
14436,
616,
21224,
338,
1286,
13602,
304,
599,
1058,
1776,
372,
29889,
319,
2578,
3745,
310,
2107,
17173,
372,
338,
263,
13718,
9833,
393,
16964,
1960,
304,
367,
14914,
408,
1316,
29889,
13,
4013,
338,
263,
9443,
393,
756,
411,
9337,
278,
1243,
310,
931,
304,
2317,
4549,
2750,
738,
9209,
292,
8249,
29889,
390,
1624,
1135,
16679,
12435,
1549,
278,
3367,
1338,
310,
8859,
2440,
1438,
27482,
6766,
304,
9324,
264,
278,
2906,
8194,
322,
28108,
1017,
310,
697,
304,
278,
1790,
29889,
13,
1576,
10597,
21684,
2857,
310,
4047,
29895,
338,
3625,
297,
1784,
22329,
470,
7333,
4452,
322,
263,
19797,
19688,
635,
480,
11407,
445,
10894,
7606,
1629,
29889,
13,
1576,
9560,
1015,
2122,
1760,
282,
799,
29880,
338,
278,
5400,
19797,
1051,
4368,
363,
278,
17680,
1629,
14837,
8497,
6957,
27547,
1629,
29889,
450,
282,
799,
29880,
29915,
29879,
5829,
293,
6593,
338,
697,
310,
21458,
663,
29892,
19965,
1793,
29892,
322,
28410,
310,
2714,
29889,
13,
29925,
799,
3137,
892,
11399,
635,
28043,
491,
1906,
310,
22182,
1793,
408,
263,
5829,
310,
1009,
2756,
6092,
663,
322,
25831,
537,
541,
892,
884,
278,
7055,
10434,
491,
716,
1506,
2247,
304,
19531,
373,
1009,
14837,
8497,
2462,
408,
263,
5829,
310,
1009,
27935,
29889,
13,
4013,
6017,
7716,
1506,
23670,
11399,
18172,
9826,
29889,
887,
674,
4049,
1074,
282,
799,
3137,
594,
272,
1076,
278,
289,
2426,
29915,
29879,
330,
776,
29892,
10200,
800,
29892,
322,
274,
1296,
29889,
13,
3112,
338,
1497,
393,
282,
799,
3137,
674,
6963,
1781,
9885,
746,
19797,
287,
297,
5360,
470,
28043,
491,
1906,
411,
28410,
322,
3708,
537,
310,
5192,
541,
445,
1021,
7055,
338,
4319,
9885,
746,
28043,
491,
1906,
411,
4486,
7609,
1080,
29889,
319,
10812,
19797,
515,
278,
7205,
445,
5613,
7055,
471,
385,
2944,
304,
367,
2578,
294,
2955,
29889,
13,
1576,
282,
799,
29880,
29915
] | 2,690 | 0 | C4 | 1 | 6 |
Iron Maidens bring all-female slant to heavy metal tribute
Carl Hoover
The Iron Maidens, an all-female tribute band, rocks out with Iron Maiden hits and more on Saturday at The Backyard.
Iron Maidens, provided
When rock guitarist Nikki Stringfield was in her teens growing up in Red Oak, she remembers her father jamming at home, on his guitar, practicing for shows with the 1990s band Medicine Man.
Flash forward to now and she's the performer with family watching her play, as she says they will Saturday night when she takes The Backyard stage with The Iron Maidens, a veteran all-female band that pays musical tribute to — who else? — famed heavy metallers Iron Maiden.
The 31-year-old Stringfield on guitar takes the part of Dave Murray in the original Iron Maiden band, a part she started playing about 10 years ago in rotation with others, but making it a full-time gig over the years.
For someone who was a fan early on and actually had Iron Maiden posters on her bedroom in Red Oak, it's a dream job. "I love playing Iron Maiden," she said during a recent phone interview from Los Angeles, home base for The Iron Maidens. "I started when I was 14 and YouTube was not around so I learned to play by listening."
Red Oak didn't offer much in the way of guitar-playing female role models, so after Stringfield finished degrees in radio-television-film and business from the University of Texas at Austin, she took advantage of a Warner Bros. internship in Los Angeles to relocate there.
It was an eye-opening and career-opening change. "When I moved out to Los Angeles, oh my gosh, there were so many female musicians here," she recalled. Earlier on, she met some of the players in The Iron Maidens, which started 20 years ago with drummer Linda McDonald. Stringfield found kindred spirits in the heavy metal tribute band and started to fill in when she could, eventually becoming one of the band's full-time guitarists.
Rounding out the current band beyond McDonald and Stringfield are lead vocalist Kirsten Rosenberg, bassist Wanda Ortiz and guitarist Courtney Cox. While COVID-19 sidelined the band's touring for more than a year, shelving 2020 shows planned for Australia and Europe, the band is back on the road and connecting with an avid fan base.
Stringfield spent her COVID-19 downtime working on her own music, writing and recording an expansion of her five-song EP, and playing in the band Heaven Below, in which she's the only woman. As a measure of her playing chops, Stringfield has two signature electric guitars created by Schecter Guitar Research.
Saturday will find her in her sweet spot, cranking out hard rock in front of loyal fans — and family. "We play the hits and the deep cuts ... We keep it interesting," she said. "The Maidens audience is so passionate."
The Iron Maidens
When, where: 8:30 p.m. Saturday at The Backyard, 511 S. Eighth St.
Tickets: $20 and $25, available online at stubwire.com.
Nikki Stringfield
Linda Mcdonald
Kirsten Rosenberg
Grammy Awards announce new date and venue for 2022
'Moon Knight' star, Gaspard Ulliel, dies at 37 after ski accident
Stay up-to-date on what's happening
Receive the latest in local entertainment news in your inbox weekly!
Carl Hoover has covered Waco arts and entertainment, and more, for the Tribune-Herald since 1984.
Author facebook
Author instagram
Author linkedin
Follow Carl Hoover
Lorena native Mia Orosco Kelso returns as Waco Symphony guest violinist
It may be hard for a performer to see friends and acquaintances while playing onstage at Waco Hall and for violinist Mia Orosco Kelso, she'd h…
Ben Atkins, band play Texas Music Cafe show
Waco singer-songwriter Ben Atkins and his Atkins Tent Revival Band perform Saturday for the "Texas Music Cafe" at 8 p.m. Saturday at Nexus Esp… | 0.260669 | -0.176442 | -0.825489 | -1.226161 | [
0.381200270722141,
0.14013739521835916
] | [
-0.016404471080674173,
-0.33647932998978636
] | [
-0.38703588302139746,
-1.2639412175480085
] | [
-1.0414634877500937,
-1.4108580658420034
] | 1,024 | [
512,
512
] | [
20492,
3219,
333,
575,
6963,
599,
29899,
29888,
331,
744,
2243,
424,
304,
9416,
11915,
260,
2666,
13,
8179,
29880,
8335,
957,
13,
1576,
20492,
3219,
333,
575,
29892,
385,
599,
29899,
29888,
331,
744,
260,
2666,
3719,
29892,
23150,
714,
411,
20492,
3219,
3615,
19572,
322,
901,
373,
24211,
472,
450,
7437,
19852,
29889,
13,
29902,
1617,
3219,
333,
575,
29892,
4944,
13,
10401,
7679,
11210,
391,
11535,
1984,
1714,
2671,
471,
297,
902,
734,
575,
15678,
701,
297,
4367,
24132,
29892,
1183,
1083,
13415,
902,
4783,
14322,
4056,
472,
3271,
29892,
373,
670,
11210,
29892,
4120,
18499,
363,
3697,
411,
278,
29871,
29896,
29929,
29929,
29900,
29879,
3719,
27529,
2315,
29889,
13,
8754,
1161,
6375,
304,
1286,
322,
1183,
29915,
29879,
278,
2189,
261,
411,
3942,
21217,
902,
1708,
29892,
408,
1183,
4083,
896,
674,
24211,
4646,
746,
1183,
4893,
450,
7437,
19852,
7408,
411,
450,
20492,
3219,
333,
575,
29892,
263,
25808,
273,
599,
29899,
29888,
331,
744,
3719,
393,
9744,
9636,
260,
2666,
304,
813,
1058,
1683,
29973,
813,
285,
2795,
9416,
1539,
497,
414,
20492,
3219,
3615,
29889,
13,
1576,
29871,
29941,
29896,
29899,
6360,
29899,
1025,
1714,
2671,
373,
11210,
4893,
278,
760,
310,
17841,
22340,
297,
278,
2441,
20492,
3219,
3615,
3719,
29892,
263,
760,
1183,
4687,
8743,
1048,
29871,
29896,
29900,
2440,
8020,
297,
13733,
411,
4045,
29892,
541,
3907,
372,
263,
2989,
29899,
2230,
19340,
975,
278,
2440,
29889,
13,
2831,
4856,
1058,
471,
263,
13524,
4688,
373,
322,
2869,
750,
20492,
3219,
3615,
1400,
414,
373,
902,
6592,
8345,
297,
4367,
24132,
29892,
372,
29915,
29879,
263,
12561,
4982,
29889,
376,
29902,
5360,
8743,
20492,
3219,
3615,
1699,
1183,
1497,
2645,
263,
7786,
9008,
15593,
515,
4602,
10722,
29892,
3271,
2967,
363,
450,
20492,
3219,
333,
575,
29889,
376,
29902,
4687,
746,
306,
471,
29871,
29896,
29946,
322,
14711,
471,
451,
2820,
577,
306,
10972,
304,
1708,
491,
19866,
1213,
13,
9039,
24132,
3282,
29915,
29873,
5957,
1568,
297,
278,
982,
310,
11210,
29899,
1456,
292,
12944,
6297,
4733,
29892,
577,
1156,
1714,
2671,
7743,
14496,
297,
7155,
29899,
15494,
4924,
29899,
9663,
322,
5381,
515,
278,
3014,
310,
10319,
472,
24518,
29892,
1183,
3614,
10631,
310,
263,
26699,
350,
1883,
29889,
2836,
3527,
297,
4602,
10722,
304,
337,
2029,
403,
727,
29889,
13,
3112,
471,
385,
10977,
29899,
3150,
292,
322,
6413,
29899,
3150,
292,
1735,
29889,
376,
10401,
306,
6153,
714,
304,
4602,
10722,
29892,
9360,
590,
330,
10578,
29892,
727,
892,
577,
1784,
12944,
2301,
14722,
1244,
1699,
1183,
337,
13998,
29889,
5290,
4926,
373,
29892,
1183,
1539,
777,
310,
278,
10769,
297,
450,
20492,
3219,
333,
575,
29892,
607,
4687,
29871,
29906,
29900,
2440,
8020,
411,
24103,
1050,
365,
11054,
4052,
28080,
29889,
1714,
2671,
1476,
2924,
1127,
26829,
297,
278,
9416,
11915,
260,
2666,
3719,
322,
4687,
304,
5445,
297,
746,
1183,
1033,
29892,
10201,
14171,
697,
310,
278,
3719,
29915,
29879,
2989,
29899,
2230,
11210,
2879,
29889,
13,
29934,
12449,
714,
278,
1857,
3719,
8724,
4052,
28080,
322,
1714,
2671,
526,
3275,
20982,
391,
476,
765,
264,
5678,
21845,
29892,
12760,
391,
399,
5863,
8531,
466,
322,
11210,
391,
9245,
3801,
315,
2251,
29889,
5806,
19937,
29899,
29896,
29929,
269,
10652,
1312,
278,
3719,
29915,
29879,
6282,
292,
363,
901,
1135,
263,
1629,
29892,
528,
295,
1747,
29871,
29906,
29900,
29906,
29900,
3697,
20458,
363,
8314,
322,
4092,
29892,
278,
3719,
338,
1250,
373,
278,
6520,
322,
16791,
411,
385,
1029,
333,
13524,
2967,
29889,
13,
1231,
2671,
10398,
902,
19937,
29899,
29896,
29929,
16611,
593,
603,
1985,
373,
902,
1914,
4696,
29892,
5007,
322,
16867,
385,
13184,
310,
902,
5320,
29899,
21453,
16502,
29892,
322,
8743,
297,
278,
3719,
22977,
13866,
29892,
297,
607,
1183,
29915,
29879,
278,
871,
6114,
29889,
1094,
263,
5645,
310,
902,
8743,
521,
3554,
29892,
1714,
2671,
756,
1023,
12608,
12646,
1410,
277,
1503,
2825,
491,
1102,
522,
261,
2088,
3673,
10550,
29889,
13,
29903,
20510,
674,
1284,
902,
297,
902,
14225,
9758,
29892,
274,
661,
9292,
714,
2898,
7679,
297,
4565,
310,
28108,
24909,
813,
322,
3942,
29889,
376,
4806,
1708,
278,
19572,
322,
278,
6483,
5700,
29879,
2023,
1334,
3013,
372,
8031,
1699,
1183,
1497,
29889,
376,
1576,
3219,
333,
575,
20026,
338,
577,
15935,
403,
1213,
13,
1576,
20492,
3219,
333,
575,
13,
10401,
29892,
988,
29901,
29871,
29947,
29901,
29941,
29900,
282,
29889,
29885,
29889,
24211,
472,
450,
7437,
19852,
29892,
29871,
29945,
29896,
29896,
317,
29889,
382,
18919,
624,
29889,
13,
29911,
860,
1691,
29901,
395,
29906,
29900,
322,
395,
29906,
29945,
29892,
3625,
7395,
472,
19281,
22376,
29889,
510,
29889,
13,
29940,
638,
1984,
1714,
2671,
13,
29931,
11054,
341,
2252,
265,
2741,
13,
29968,
765,
264,
5678,
21845,
13,
29954,
2572,
1357,
9220,
7475,
346,
716,
2635,
322,
6003,
434,
363,
29871,
29906,
29900,
29906,
29906,
13,
29915,
29924,
6150,
22980,
29915,
5810,
29892,
402,
4692,
538,
10103,
492,
295,
29892,
2977,
472,
29871,
29941,
29955,
1156,
14993,
11423,
13,
855,
388,
701,
29899,
517,
29899,
1256,
373,
825,
29915,
29879,
10464,
13,
24131,
278,
9281,
297,
1887,
22684,
358,
9763,
297,
596,
297,
1884,
4723,
368,
29991,
13,
8179,
29880,
8335,
957,
756,
10664,
399,
11216,
16930,
322,
22684,
358,
29892,
322,
901,
29892,
363,
278,
16855,
1540,
29899,
18650,
2741,
1951,
29871,
29896,
29929,
29947,
29946,
29889,
13,
13720,
18335,
13,
13720,
832,
14442,
13,
13720,
9024,
262,
13,
29943,
2952,
8965,
8335,
957,
13,
29931,
272,
2386,
7531,
341,
423,
438,
1883,
1111,
27326,
578,
3639,
408,
399,
11216,
10667,
22214,
17838,
5537,
262,
391,
13,
3112,
1122,
367,
2898,
363,
263,
2189,
261,
304,
1074,
7875,
322,
19395,
2925,
1550,
8743,
373,
19190,
472,
399,
11216,
6573,
322,
363,
5537,
262,
391,
341,
423,
438,
1883,
1111,
27326,
578,
29892,
1183,
29915,
29881,
298,
30098,
13,
20841,
2180,
11335,
29892,
3719,
1708,
10319,
6125,
9243,
1725,
1510,
13,
29956,
11216,
15640,
29899,
21453,
13236,
4111,
2180,
11335,
322,
670,
2180,
11335,
323,
296,
11459,
2561,
5158,
2189,
24211,
363,
278,
376,
26887,
294,
6125,
9243,
1725,
29908,
472,
29871,
29947,
282,
29889,
29885,
29889,
24211,
472,
405,
735,
375,
5984,
30098
] | 2,692 | 0 | CommonCrawl | 24 | 23 |
Growth hormone significantly increases the adult height of children with idiopathic short stature: comparison of subgroups and benefit
Juan F Sotos1 &
Naomi J Tokar2
International Journal of Pediatric Endocrinology volume 2014, Article number: 15 (2014) Cite this article
Children with Idiopathic Short Stature do not attain a normal adult height. The improvement of adult height with treatment with recombinant human growth hormone (rhGH), at doses of 0.16 to 0.28 mg/kg/week is modest, usually less that 4 cm, and they remain short as adults. The benefit obtained seems dose dependent and benefits of 7.0 to 8.0 cm have been reported with higher doses of 0.32 to 0.4 mg/kg/week, but the number of studies is limited. The topic has remained controversial.
The objective was to conduct a retrospective analysis of our experience with 123 children with ISS treated with 0.32 ± 0.03 mg/kg/week of rhGH, with the aim of comparing the different subgroups of non-familial short stature, familial short stature, normal puberty, and delayed puberty and to assess the benefit by comparison with 305 untreated historical controls, from nine different randomized and nonrandomized controlled studies.
Eighty eight of our children (68 males and 20 females) attained an adult height or near adult height of -0.71 SDS (0.74 SD) (95% CI, -0.87 to -0.55) with a benefit over untreated controls of 9.5 cm (7.4 to 11.6 cm) for males and 8.6 cm (6.7 to 10.5 cm) for females.
In the analysis of the subgroups, the adult height and adult height gain of children with non-familial short stature were significantly higher than of familial short stature. No difference was found in the cohorts with normal or delayed puberty in any of the subgroups, except between the non-familial short stature and familial short stature puberty cohorts. This has implications for the interpretation of the benefit of treatment in studies where the number of children with familial short stature in the controls or treated subjects is not known.
The treatment was safe. There were no significant adverse events. The IGF-1 values were essentially within the levels expected for the stages of puberty.
Our experience was quite positive with normalization of the heights and growth of the children during childhood and the attainment of normal adult heights, the main two aims of treatment.
Children with idiopathic short stature (ISS) do not attain a normal adult height. In the three randomized controlled studies (Cochran Central Register Control Trials), the adult height of the controls was -2.4 SDS (0.56 SD) [1], -2.37 SDS (0.46 SD) [2] and -2.2 SDS (0.75 SD) [3]. In an additional 6 non-randomized controlled studies the adult height of the controls ranged between -2.4 SDS (0.8 SD) and -1.88 SDS (0.57 SD) [4–9].
Growth hormone treatment significantly improves the growth velocity and the adult height of children with ISS [10–13] and is considered safe [14–16]. The United States (US) Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved growth hormone treatment for children with ISS in 2003.
Nevertheless, the use of growth hormone has remained controversial [17–19], mainly because of the modest benefit [20, 21] and high cost [22, 23]. As Wit JM and Dunkel L stated [24], few topics in pediatric endocrinology provoked more discussion and dissent than ISS. The impression is that despite the significant gain in height, growth hormone treated children remain short as adults, in the lower level of the normal range; an improvement in adult height after years of treatment in the order of 4 cm and a benefit that is less than in other conditions for which GH has been licensed [20, 21]. Many of the studies, however, used GH | 0.082611 | 1.118854 | 1.465054 | 1.268553 | [
-0.07627132256344497,
0.24149337696426745
] | [
1.0472289062172986,
1.1904791927220761
] | [
1.4295467514100852,
1.5005615001208448
] | [
1.232134126702927,
1.3049724942140077
] | 1,024 | [
512,
512
] | [
402,
798,
386,
298,
555,
650,
16951,
16415,
278,
16157,
3171,
310,
4344,
411,
1178,
21260,
493,
293,
3273,
1002,
545,
29901,
10230,
310,
1014,
13155,
322,
14169,
13,
29967,
12323,
383,
317,
15788,
29896,
669,
13,
13695,
21019,
435,
11890,
279,
29906,
13,
17579,
1288,
8237,
310,
9293,
7163,
2200,
2796,
8415,
262,
3002,
7977,
29871,
29906,
29900,
29896,
29946,
29892,
21746,
1353,
29901,
29871,
29896,
29945,
313,
29906,
29900,
29896,
29946,
29897,
315,
568,
445,
4274,
13,
19334,
411,
5163,
21260,
493,
293,
13899,
624,
1535,
437,
451,
1098,
475,
263,
4226,
16157,
3171,
29889,
450,
20414,
310,
16157,
3171,
411,
14502,
411,
27878,
2109,
424,
5199,
14321,
298,
555,
650,
313,
19046,
29954,
29950,
511,
472,
3248,
267,
310,
29871,
29900,
29889,
29896,
29953,
304,
29871,
29900,
29889,
29906,
29947,
286,
29887,
29914,
9415,
29914,
18448,
338,
878,
342,
29892,
5491,
3109,
393,
29871,
29946,
7477,
29892,
322,
896,
3933,
3273,
408,
16157,
29879,
29889,
450,
14169,
7625,
2444,
437,
344,
14278,
322,
23633,
310,
29871,
29955,
29889,
29900,
304,
29871,
29947,
29889,
29900,
7477,
505,
1063,
8967,
411,
6133,
3248,
267,
310,
29871,
29900,
29889,
29941,
29906,
304,
29871,
29900,
29889,
29946,
286,
29887,
29914,
9415,
29914,
18448,
29892,
541,
278,
1353,
310,
11898,
338,
9078,
29889,
450,
11261,
756,
9488,
19341,
616,
29889,
13,
1576,
12091,
471,
304,
7512,
263,
3240,
1883,
12645,
7418,
310,
1749,
7271,
411,
29871,
29896,
29906,
29941,
4344,
411,
306,
1799,
14914,
411,
29871,
29900,
29889,
29941,
29906,
30080,
30221,
30080,
29900,
29889,
29900,
29941,
286,
29887,
29914,
9415,
29914,
18448,
310,
18178,
29954,
29950,
29892,
411,
278,
12242,
310,
17420,
278,
1422,
1014,
13155,
310,
1661,
29899,
8302,
616,
3273,
1002,
545,
29892,
1832,
616,
3273,
1002,
545,
29892,
4226,
2529,
814,
29891,
29892,
322,
29801,
2529,
814,
29891,
322,
304,
24809,
278,
14169,
491,
10230,
411,
29871,
29941,
29900,
29945,
443,
2484,
630,
15839,
11761,
29892,
515,
14183,
1422,
4036,
1891,
322,
1661,
8172,
1891,
20704,
11898,
29889,
13,
29923,
523,
29891,
9475,
310,
1749,
4344,
313,
29953,
29947,
25269,
322,
29871,
29906,
29900,
24473,
29897,
1098,
7114,
385,
16157,
3171,
470,
2978,
16157,
3171,
310,
448,
29900,
29889,
29955,
29896,
8073,
29903,
313,
29900,
29889,
29955,
29946,
8073,
29897,
313,
29929,
29945,
29995,
25781,
29892,
448,
29900,
29889,
29947,
29955,
304,
448,
29900,
29889,
29945,
29945,
29897,
411,
263,
14169,
975,
443,
2484,
630,
11761,
310,
29871,
29929,
29889,
29945,
7477,
313,
29955,
29889,
29946,
304,
29871,
29896,
29896,
29889,
29953,
7477,
29897,
363,
25269,
322,
29871,
29947,
29889,
29953,
7477,
313,
29953,
29889,
29955,
304,
29871,
29896,
29900,
29889,
29945,
7477,
29897,
363,
24473,
29889,
13,
797,
278,
7418,
310,
278,
1014,
13155,
29892,
278,
16157,
3171,
322,
16157,
3171,
11581,
310,
4344,
411,
1661,
29899,
8302,
616,
3273,
1002,
545,
892,
16951,
6133,
1135,
310,
1832,
616,
3273,
1002,
545,
29889,
1939,
4328,
471,
1476,
297,
278,
16165,
441,
29879,
411,
4226,
470,
29801,
2529,
814,
29891,
297,
738,
310,
278,
1014,
13155,
29892,
5174,
1546,
278,
1661,
29899,
8302,
616,
3273,
1002,
545,
322,
1832,
616,
3273,
1002,
545,
2529,
814,
29891,
16165,
441,
29879,
29889,
910,
756,
2411,
5795,
363,
278,
19854,
310,
278,
14169,
310,
14502,
297,
11898,
988,
278,
1353,
310,
4344,
411,
1832,
616,
3273,
1002,
545,
297,
278,
11761,
470,
14914,
17800,
338,
451,
2998,
29889,
13,
1576,
14502,
471,
9109,
29889,
1670,
892,
694,
7282,
594,
3901,
4959,
29889,
450,
306,
29954,
29943,
29899,
29896,
1819,
892,
13674,
2629,
278,
11174,
3806,
363,
278,
22950,
310,
2529,
814,
29891,
29889,
13,
29949,
332,
7271,
471,
3755,
6374,
411,
4226,
2133,
310,
278,
3171,
29879,
322,
14321,
310,
278,
4344,
2645,
2278,
6614,
322,
278,
1098,
475,
358,
310,
4226,
16157,
3171,
29879,
29892,
278,
1667,
1023,
263,
9893,
310,
14502,
29889,
13,
19334,
411,
1178,
21260,
493,
293,
3273,
1002,
545,
313,
29902,
1799,
29897,
437,
451,
1098,
475,
263,
4226,
16157,
3171,
29889,
512,
278,
2211,
4036,
1891,
20704,
11898,
313,
29907,
2878,
661,
8068,
12577,
11264,
8602,
1338,
511,
278,
16157,
3171,
310,
278,
11761,
471,
448,
29906,
29889,
29946,
8073,
29903,
313,
29900,
29889,
29945,
29953,
8073,
29897,
518,
29896,
1402,
448,
29906,
29889,
29941,
29955,
8073,
29903,
313,
29900,
29889,
29946,
29953,
8073,
29897,
518,
29906,
29962,
322,
448,
29906,
29889,
29906,
8073,
29903,
313,
29900,
29889,
29955,
29945,
8073,
29897,
518,
29941,
1822,
512,
385,
5684,
29871,
29953,
1661,
29899,
8172,
1891,
20704,
11898,
278,
16157,
3171,
310,
278,
11761,
364,
4618,
1546,
448,
29906,
29889,
29946,
8073,
29903,
313,
29900,
29889,
29947,
8073,
29897,
322,
448,
29896,
29889,
29947,
29947,
8073,
29903,
313,
29900,
29889,
29945,
29955,
8073,
29897,
518,
29946,
29994,
29929,
1822,
13,
29954,
798,
386,
298,
555,
650,
14502,
16951,
4857,
1960,
278,
14321,
12885,
322,
278,
16157,
3171,
310,
4344,
411,
306,
1799,
518,
29896,
29900,
29994,
29896,
29941,
29962,
322,
338,
5545,
9109,
518,
29896,
29946,
29994,
29896,
29953,
1822,
450,
3303,
3900,
313,
3308,
29897,
25453,
322,
360,
11124,
23303,
313,
29943,
7698,
29897,
23454,
14321,
298,
555,
650,
14502,
363,
4344,
411,
306,
1799,
297,
29871,
29906,
29900,
29900,
29941,
29889,
13,
29940,
1310,
16561,
29892,
278,
671,
310,
14321,
298,
555,
650,
756,
9488,
19341,
616,
518,
29896,
29955,
29994,
29896,
29929,
1402,
14364,
1363,
310,
278,
878,
342,
14169,
518,
29906,
29900,
29892,
29871,
29906,
29896,
29962,
322,
1880,
3438,
518,
29906,
29906,
29892,
29871,
29906,
29941,
1822,
1094,
24363,
435,
29924,
322,
360,
2960,
295,
365,
8703,
518,
29906,
29946,
1402,
2846,
23820,
297,
8939,
7163,
2200,
1095,
8415,
262,
3002,
1326,
12504,
901,
10679,
322,
16317,
296,
1135,
306,
1799,
29889,
450,
17188,
338,
393,
15020,
278,
7282,
11581,
297,
3171,
29892,
14321,
298,
555,
650,
14914,
4344,
3933,
3273,
408,
16157,
29879,
29892,
297,
278,
5224,
3233,
310,
278,
4226,
3464,
29936,
385,
20414,
297,
16157,
3171,
1156,
2440,
310,
14502,
297,
278,
1797,
310,
29871,
29946,
7477,
322,
263,
14169,
393,
338,
3109,
1135,
297,
916,
5855,
363,
607,
402,
29950,
756,
1063,
7794,
21144,
518,
29906,
29900,
29892,
29871,
29906,
29896,
1822,
9267,
310,
278,
11898,
29892,
3138,
29892,
1304,
402,
29950
] | 2,695 | 0 | CommonCrawl | 14 | 10 |
doses of 0.16 to 0.26 mg/kg/week, which may not have been adequate. Furthermore, some of the studies included children with intrauterine growth retardation or with familial short stature, which may have affected the results.
The benefit obtained seems dose dependent and mean benefits of 7.0 to 8.0 cm have been reported with higher doses of 0.32 to 0.4 mg/kg/week [2, 3, 9].
There have been also ethical issues raised [25] and considerations expressed as to whether ISS should be considered a disease, whether the degree of psychosocial morbidity warrants treatment [26–28], whether it is enhancement or endo-cosmetology rather than treatment [29], and whether treatment has any effect in health related quality of life [30–32].
As the name idiopathic indicates, the cause is unknown. A variety of genes affecting growth, of genes along the growth hormone IGF-I axis [33–38], polygenic traits determined by polymorphisms [39], heterozygous GHR mutations, a dominant negative mutation of the GHR causing familial short stature [40] and mutations in other genes have now been demonstrated in children previously classified as ISS [41–43]. So the label of normal short children may not be appropriate.
All these concerns have been extensively discussed in a number of publications [44] and taken in consideration in the Consensus of the International Pediatric Endocrine Societies [45]. The interest of the child is the primary concern. The main goal of the treatment is the normalization of the height during childhood and improvement of the adult height. Children with a height of less than -2 SDS [45] or a height of more than 2 SDS below their midparental target height, warrant consideration for treatment.
Idiopathic short stature describes a heterogeneous group of children of unknown etiology with variable response to growth hormone [46]. It is defined as short children with a height below -2 SD (2.3 percentile) (and by some authors below the 5th percentile (-1.65 SD)) for age, sex and population group, normal stimulated growth hormone levels and absence of comorbid conditions (systemic disease, bone dysplasias, hormonal deficiencies, dysmorphic syndromes, chromosomal disorders, malnutrition), intrauterine growth retardation or treatment with medications that affect growth (i.e. Ritalin) [45, 47].
Specifically, the children with ISS have normal birth weight, and no growth hormone deficiency [45].
The criteria do not include midparental height (MPH). Thus, studies of idiopathic short stature have included two groups of children: those affected with nonfamilial short stature (NFSS) and those with familial short stature (FSS), who may be different in their response to treatment, adult heights, and attainment of MPH. Children with FSS, without treatment, may attain an adult height near or equal to midparental height, but shorter than the normal population [48, 49]. It is possible, also, that the modest or small benefit obtained by growth hormone treatment in a number of studies was because many of the children were affected with familial short stature.
After the Consensus on the definition of idiopathic short stature in 1996 [50], ISS also includes what previously was known as constitutional delay of growth and puberty (CDGP). A number of studies have indicated that the adult height attained in children with CDGP, with heights below -2 SDS, is less than the MPH and that they remain somewhat shorter than normal [51, 52], some with average heights in the 10th percentile [53] or 5th percentile [54, 55].
As the result of the aforementioned, there is consideration of the need to subcategorize the children into different groups: NFSS and FSS and in both, normal puberty and delayed puberty [45, 56].
We conducted a retrospective analysis of our experience with 123 children with ISS treated with rhGH, with the aim of comparing the different subgroups and assessing the benefit by comparison with historical | -0.10435 | 1.161829 | 1.307807 | 1.513082 | [
0.15246447407934802,
-0.36116381179518714
] | [
1.2764293646249427,
1.0472289062172986
] | [
1.520851428323919,
1.0947629360593618
] | [
1.4714601913821923,
1.5547040399662846
] | 1,024 | [
512,
512
] | [
3248,
267,
310,
29871,
29900,
29889,
29896,
29953,
304,
29871,
29900,
29889,
29906,
29953,
286,
29887,
29914,
9415,
29914,
18448,
29892,
607,
1122,
451,
505,
1063,
19967,
339,
403,
29889,
16478,
29892,
777,
310,
278,
11898,
5134,
4344,
411,
938,
336,
12811,
457,
14321,
3240,
538,
362,
470,
411,
1832,
616,
3273,
1002,
545,
29892,
607,
1122,
505,
15201,
278,
2582,
29889,
13,
1576,
14169,
7625,
2444,
437,
344,
14278,
322,
2099,
23633,
310,
29871,
29955,
29889,
29900,
304,
29871,
29947,
29889,
29900,
7477,
505,
1063,
8967,
411,
6133,
3248,
267,
310,
29871,
29900,
29889,
29941,
29906,
304,
29871,
29900,
29889,
29946,
286,
29887,
29914,
9415,
29914,
18448,
518,
29906,
29892,
29871,
29941,
29892,
29871,
29929,
1822,
13,
8439,
505,
1063,
884,
11314,
936,
5626,
10425,
518,
29906,
29945,
29962,
322,
2050,
800,
13384,
408,
304,
3692,
306,
1799,
881,
367,
5545,
263,
17135,
29892,
3692,
278,
7426,
310,
11643,
9064,
1455,
3036,
23883,
537,
1370,
29878,
1934,
14502,
518,
29906,
29953,
29994,
29906,
29947,
1402,
3692,
372,
338,
26371,
27967,
470,
1095,
29877,
29899,
3944,
2527,
3002,
3265,
1135,
14502,
518,
29906,
29929,
1402,
322,
3692,
14502,
756,
738,
2779,
297,
9045,
4475,
11029,
310,
2834,
518,
29941,
29900,
29994,
29941,
29906,
1822,
13,
2887,
278,
1024,
1178,
21260,
493,
293,
14088,
29892,
278,
4556,
338,
9815,
29889,
319,
12875,
310,
2531,
267,
6602,
292,
14321,
29892,
310,
2531,
267,
3412,
278,
14321,
298,
555,
650,
306,
29954,
29943,
29899,
29902,
9685,
518,
29941,
29941,
29994,
29941,
29947,
1402,
15680,
1885,
293,
1020,
1169,
10087,
491,
24324,
5676,
12903,
518,
29941,
29929,
1402,
25745,
29877,
1537,
29887,
681,
402,
20938,
5478,
800,
29892,
263,
28526,
8178,
5478,
362,
310,
278,
402,
20938,
10805,
1832,
616,
3273,
1002,
545,
518,
29946,
29900,
29962,
322,
5478,
800,
297,
916,
2531,
267,
505,
1286,
1063,
28585,
297,
4344,
9251,
770,
2164,
408,
306,
1799,
518,
29946,
29896,
29994,
29946,
29941,
1822,
1105,
278,
3858,
310,
4226,
3273,
4344,
1122,
451,
367,
8210,
29889,
13,
3596,
1438,
21838,
505,
1063,
21103,
3598,
15648,
297,
263,
1353,
310,
25964,
518,
29946,
29946,
29962,
322,
4586,
297,
19220,
297,
278,
2138,
8841,
310,
278,
4623,
9293,
7163,
2200,
2796,
8415,
457,
5329,
20850,
518,
29946,
29945,
1822,
450,
4066,
310,
278,
2278,
338,
278,
7601,
5932,
29889,
450,
1667,
7306,
310,
278,
14502,
338,
278,
4226,
2133,
310,
278,
3171,
2645,
2278,
6614,
322,
20414,
310,
278,
16157,
3171,
29889,
20986,
411,
263,
3171,
310,
3109,
1135,
448,
29906,
8073,
29903,
518,
29946,
29945,
29962,
470,
263,
3171,
310,
901,
1135,
29871,
29906,
8073,
29903,
2400,
1009,
7145,
3560,
284,
3646,
3171,
29892,
1370,
21867,
19220,
363,
14502,
29889,
13,
1204,
21260,
493,
293,
3273,
1002,
545,
16612,
263,
25745,
23724,
2318,
310,
4344,
310,
9815,
634,
29875,
3002,
411,
2286,
2933,
304,
14321,
298,
555,
650,
518,
29946,
29953,
1822,
739,
338,
3342,
408,
3273,
4344,
411,
263,
3171,
2400,
448,
29906,
8073,
313,
29906,
29889,
29941,
10151,
488,
29897,
313,
392,
491,
777,
15717,
2400,
278,
29871,
29945,
386,
10151,
488,
8521,
29896,
29889,
29953,
29945,
8073,
876,
363,
5046,
29892,
7916,
322,
4665,
2318,
29892,
4226,
20436,
7964,
14321,
298,
555,
650,
11174,
322,
18070,
310,
419,
11831,
333,
5855,
313,
5205,
293,
17135,
29892,
289,
650,
270,
952,
572,
294,
3173,
29892,
298,
555,
7177,
822,
293,
819,
2478,
29892,
270,
952,
29885,
5676,
293,
22898,
456,
267,
29892,
25173,
359,
290,
284,
766,
20488,
29892,
4439,
21305,
29878,
654,
511,
938,
336,
12811,
457,
14321,
3240,
538,
362,
470,
14502,
411,
13589,
800,
393,
6602,
14321,
313,
29875,
29889,
29872,
29889,
390,
2410,
262,
29897,
518,
29946,
29945,
29892,
29871,
29946,
29955,
1822,
13,
10299,
928,
635,
29892,
278,
4344,
411,
306,
1799,
505,
4226,
12060,
7688,
29892,
322,
694,
14321,
298,
555,
650,
822,
293,
13396,
518,
29946,
29945,
1822,
13,
1576,
16614,
437,
451,
3160,
7145,
3560,
284,
3171,
313,
3580,
29950,
467,
6549,
29892,
11898,
310,
1178,
21260,
493,
293,
3273,
1002,
545,
505,
5134,
1023,
6471,
310,
4344,
29901,
1906,
15201,
411,
1661,
8302,
616,
3273,
1002,
545,
313,
22498,
1799,
29897,
322,
1906,
411,
1832,
616,
3273,
1002,
545,
313,
29943,
1799,
511,
1058,
1122,
367,
1422,
297,
1009,
2933,
304,
14502,
29892,
16157,
3171,
29879,
29892,
322,
1098,
475,
358,
310,
16379,
29950,
29889,
20986,
411,
383,
1799,
29892,
1728,
14502,
29892,
1122,
1098,
475,
385,
16157,
3171,
2978,
470,
5186,
304,
7145,
3560,
284,
3171,
29892,
541,
20511,
1135,
278,
4226,
4665,
518,
29946,
29947,
29892,
29871,
29946,
29929,
1822,
739,
338,
1950,
29892,
884,
29892,
393,
278,
878,
342,
470,
2319,
14169,
7625,
491,
14321,
298,
555,
650,
14502,
297,
263,
1353,
310,
11898,
471,
1363,
1784,
310,
278,
4344,
892,
15201,
411,
1832,
616,
3273,
1002,
545,
29889,
13,
13555,
278,
2138,
8841,
373,
278,
5023,
310,
1178,
21260,
493,
293,
3273,
1002,
545,
297,
29871,
29896,
29929,
29929,
29953,
518,
29945,
29900,
1402,
306,
1799,
884,
7805,
825,
9251,
471,
2998,
408,
16772,
284,
9055,
310,
14321,
322,
2529,
814,
29891,
313,
6530,
19903,
467,
319,
1353,
310,
11898,
505,
18694,
393,
278,
16157,
3171,
1098,
7114,
297,
4344,
411,
7307,
19903,
29892,
411,
3171,
29879,
2400,
448,
29906,
8073,
29903,
29892,
338,
3109,
1135,
278,
16379,
29950,
322,
393,
896,
3933,
10579,
20511,
1135,
4226,
518,
29945,
29896,
29892,
29871,
29945,
29906,
1402,
777,
411,
6588,
3171,
29879,
297,
278,
29871,
29896,
29900,
386,
10151,
488,
518,
29945,
29941,
29962,
470,
29871,
29945,
386,
10151,
488,
518,
29945,
29946,
29892,
29871,
29945,
29945,
1822,
13,
2887,
278,
1121,
310,
278,
263,
1454,
882,
28487,
29892,
727,
338,
19220,
310,
278,
817,
304,
1014,
29883,
20440,
675,
278,
4344,
964,
1422,
6471,
29901,
405,
29943,
1799,
322,
383,
1799,
322,
297,
1716,
29892,
4226,
2529,
814,
29891,
322,
29801,
2529,
814,
29891,
518,
29946,
29945,
29892,
29871,
29945,
29953,
1822,
13,
4806,
18043,
263,
3240,
1883,
12645,
7418,
310,
1749,
7271,
411,
29871,
29896,
29906,
29941,
4344,
411,
306,
1799,
14914,
411,
18178,
29954,
29950,
29892,
411,
278,
12242,
310,
17420,
278,
1422,
1014,
13155,
322,
24809,
292,
278,
14169,
491,
10230,
411,
15839
] | 2,695 | 1,024 | CommonCrawl | 14 | 10 |
controls. As far as we are aware, there are only 2 studies comparing NFSS and FSS [3, 9] and no studies of treated children identifying the different subgroups of NFSS, FSS, normal and delayed puberty. The study was approved by the Institutional Review Board of the Hospital and consent and assent approvals were obtained.
Of the 123 children with idiopathic short stature treated with rhGH (0.32 ± 0.03 mg/kg/week – 6 days per week), from the late 80's to 2012, 88 attained adult or near adult height, 68 males and 20 females. Twenty-seven of the children were lost to follow-up (22 males out of 98, 22%, and 5 females out of 25, 20%). Eight males with NFSS and delayed puberty, who were treated with depo-testosterone with 50 mg a month for 6 months or 100 mg for 3 months to induce pubertal changes, were not included in the results reported, to avoid questions in the interpretation of results, even though it is known that testosterone increases the growth velocity but does not improve adult height [57, 58], if any it may decrease the adult height if treatment is prolonged or with higher doses, by advancing bone age (123 children -27-8 = 88).
Of the 68 males, forty-seven were classified as NFSS and 21 (30%) as FSS; 16 females were classified as NFSS and 4 as FSS. The groups were further divided into those with normal puberty and delayed puberty. The duration of treatment was 5.2 ± 2.7 years for the 68 males and 3.5 ± 0.9 for the 20 females, with a range of 2 to 8 years.
All the children met the criteria for ISS with the height below -2.0 SD (except for 1 female who was -1.81), normal stimulated growth hormone levels, normal birth weight and length, and absence of comorbid conditions.
The age at start of treatment ranged between 4.7 years and 16 years, 11.9 ± 3.3 years for the 68 males and 12 ± 1.9 years for the 20 females. The children were seen every 3 months and the rhGH dose was adjusted at each visit. The beginning dose of GH in the late 80's was 0.22 mg/kg/week 3 times a week, but the dose was increased to 0.3 mg/kg/week or more, because the response was not as good as expected. With the normal weight gain the dose would decrease to 0.28 mg/kg/week and adjustments were made. The dose ranged from 0.28 to 0.4 mg/kg/week with adjustments, for a calculated average dose, throughout the years, of 0.32 ± 0.03 mg/kg/week. The dose was not increased for puberty.
A number of determinations were obtained before the onset of treatment; bone age, CBC, sedimentation rate, chemistry panel, anti-endomysial antibodies, tissue transglutaminase antibodies, glucose, hemoglobin A1C, TSH, free T4, IGF-I, IGFBP-3 and cortisol; and most of them annually. An MRI of the brain was obtained at the time of the growth hormone stimulation testing on many of them in the past. This is no longer felt needed. Karyotypes were obtained in many. Bone age was determined by Greulich and Pyle standards and adult height predicted by Bayley-Pinneau tables.
Heights were measured by a wall-mounted stadiometer. The heights at the onset of treatment were expressed as SDS for chronologic age. The height SDS was calculated in the usual manner: height of the subject in cm minus the mean height for age or adults divided by the SD in cm from the mean. Adult heights were obtained at 19 ± 2.45 years, range 15.7 to 27.5 | -0.509089 | 0.773263 | 0.699109 | 0.927774 | [
-0.3748605660851747,
-0.6433169501689318
] | [
1.0902039921687319,
0.4563214743850915
] | [
0.851283797622472,
0.5469348745763597
] | [
1.211323164556904,
0.6442244460777752
] | 1,024 | [
512,
512
] | [
11761,
29889,
1094,
2215,
408,
591,
526,
9543,
29892,
727,
526,
871,
29871,
29906,
11898,
17420,
405,
29943,
1799,
322,
383,
1799,
518,
29941,
29892,
29871,
29929,
29962,
322,
694,
11898,
310,
14914,
4344,
2893,
9215,
278,
1422,
1014,
13155,
310,
405,
29943,
1799,
29892,
383,
1799,
29892,
4226,
322,
29801,
2529,
814,
29891,
29889,
450,
6559,
471,
23454,
491,
278,
28218,
284,
13957,
12590,
310,
278,
15967,
322,
20218,
322,
1223,
296,
2134,
791,
29879,
892,
7625,
29889,
13,
2776,
278,
29871,
29896,
29906,
29941,
4344,
411,
1178,
21260,
493,
293,
3273,
1002,
545,
14914,
411,
18178,
29954,
29950,
313,
29900,
29889,
29941,
29906,
30080,
30221,
30080,
29900,
29889,
29900,
29941,
286,
29887,
29914,
9415,
29914,
18448,
785,
29871,
29953,
3841,
639,
4723,
511,
515,
278,
5683,
29871,
29947,
29900,
29915,
29879,
304,
29871,
29906,
29900,
29896,
29906,
29892,
29871,
29947,
29947,
1098,
7114,
16157,
470,
2978,
16157,
3171,
29892,
29871,
29953,
29947,
25269,
322,
29871,
29906,
29900,
24473,
29889,
8168,
6478,
29899,
344,
854,
310,
278,
4344,
892,
5714,
304,
1101,
29899,
786,
313,
29906,
29906,
25269,
714,
310,
29871,
29929,
29947,
29892,
29871,
29906,
29906,
13667,
322,
29871,
29945,
24473,
714,
310,
29871,
29906,
29945,
29892,
29871,
29906,
29900,
28003,
382,
523,
25269,
411,
405,
29943,
1799,
322,
29801,
2529,
814,
29891,
29892,
1058,
892,
14914,
411,
316,
1129,
29899,
1688,
15664,
650,
411,
29871,
29945,
29900,
286,
29887,
263,
4098,
363,
29871,
29953,
7378,
470,
29871,
29896,
29900,
29900,
286,
29887,
363,
29871,
29941,
7378,
304,
9013,
346,
2529,
814,
284,
3620,
29892,
892,
451,
5134,
297,
278,
2582,
8967,
29892,
304,
4772,
5155,
297,
278,
19854,
310,
2582,
29892,
1584,
2466,
372,
338,
2998,
393,
1243,
15664,
650,
16415,
278,
14321,
12885,
541,
947,
451,
11157,
16157,
3171,
518,
29945,
29955,
29892,
29871,
29945,
29947,
1402,
565,
738,
372,
1122,
23806,
278,
16157,
3171,
565,
14502,
338,
27044,
287,
470,
411,
6133,
3248,
267,
29892,
491,
3061,
19985,
289,
650,
5046,
313,
29896,
29906,
29941,
4344,
448,
29906,
29955,
29899,
29947,
30080,
29922,
30080,
29947,
29947,
467,
13,
2776,
278,
29871,
29953,
29947,
25269,
29892,
20949,
29899,
344,
854,
892,
770,
2164,
408,
405,
29943,
1799,
322,
29871,
29906,
29896,
313,
29941,
29900,
10997,
408,
383,
1799,
29936,
29871,
29896,
29953,
24473,
892,
770,
2164,
408,
405,
29943,
1799,
322,
29871,
29946,
408,
383,
1799,
29889,
450,
6471,
892,
4340,
13931,
964,
1906,
411,
4226,
2529,
814,
29891,
322,
29801,
2529,
814,
29891,
29889,
450,
14385,
310,
14502,
471,
29871,
29945,
29889,
29906,
30080,
30221,
30080,
29906,
29889,
29955,
2440,
363,
278,
29871,
29953,
29947,
25269,
322,
29871,
29941,
29889,
29945,
30080,
30221,
30080,
29900,
29889,
29929,
363,
278,
29871,
29906,
29900,
24473,
29892,
411,
263,
3464,
310,
29871,
29906,
304,
29871,
29947,
2440,
29889,
13,
3596,
278,
4344,
1539,
278,
16614,
363,
306,
1799,
411,
278,
3171,
2400,
448,
29906,
29889,
29900,
8073,
313,
19499,
363,
29871,
29896,
12944,
1058,
471,
448,
29896,
29889,
29947,
29896,
511,
4226,
20436,
7964,
14321,
298,
555,
650,
11174,
29892,
4226,
12060,
7688,
322,
3309,
29892,
322,
18070,
310,
419,
11831,
333,
5855,
29889,
13,
1576,
5046,
472,
1369,
310,
14502,
364,
4618,
1546,
29871,
29946,
29889,
29955,
2440,
322,
29871,
29896,
29953,
2440,
29892,
29871,
29896,
29896,
29889,
29929,
30080,
30221,
30080,
29941,
29889,
29941,
2440,
363,
278,
29871,
29953,
29947,
25269,
322,
29871,
29896,
29906,
30080,
30221,
30080,
29896,
29889,
29929,
2440,
363,
278,
29871,
29906,
29900,
24473,
29889,
450,
4344,
892,
3595,
1432,
29871,
29941,
7378,
322,
278,
18178,
29954,
29950,
437,
344,
471,
10365,
287,
472,
1269,
6493,
29889,
450,
6763,
437,
344,
310,
402,
29950,
297,
278,
5683,
29871,
29947,
29900,
29915,
29879,
471,
29871,
29900,
29889,
29906,
29906,
286,
29887,
29914,
9415,
29914,
18448,
29871,
29941,
3064,
263,
4723,
29892,
541,
278,
437,
344,
471,
11664,
304,
29871,
29900,
29889,
29941,
286,
29887,
29914,
9415,
29914,
18448,
470,
901,
29892,
1363,
278,
2933,
471,
451,
408,
1781,
408,
3806,
29889,
2973,
278,
4226,
7688,
11581,
278,
437,
344,
723,
23806,
304,
29871,
29900,
29889,
29906,
29947,
286,
29887,
29914,
9415,
29914,
18448,
322,
10365,
1860,
892,
1754,
29889,
450,
437,
344,
364,
4618,
515,
29871,
29900,
29889,
29906,
29947,
304,
29871,
29900,
29889,
29946,
286,
29887,
29914,
9415,
29914,
18448,
411,
10365,
1860,
29892,
363,
263,
12833,
6588,
437,
344,
29892,
10106,
278,
2440,
29892,
310,
29871,
29900,
29889,
29941,
29906,
30080,
30221,
30080,
29900,
29889,
29900,
29941,
286,
29887,
29914,
9415,
29914,
18448,
29889,
450,
437,
344,
471,
451,
11664,
363,
2529,
814,
29891,
29889,
13,
29909,
1353,
310,
11806,
800,
892,
7625,
1434,
278,
373,
842,
310,
14502,
29936,
289,
650,
5046,
29892,
315,
5371,
29892,
7048,
2073,
362,
6554,
29892,
8950,
6020,
9451,
29892,
9418,
29899,
355,
290,
952,
616,
3677,
747,
397,
583,
29892,
260,
15118,
1301,
3820,
329,
9103,
559,
3677,
747,
397,
583,
29892,
3144,
1682,
852,
29892,
9736,
468,
417,
2109,
319,
29896,
29907,
29892,
323,
7068,
29892,
3889,
323,
29946,
29892,
306,
29954,
29943,
29899,
29902,
29892,
306,
29954,
18426,
29925,
29899,
29941,
322,
13979,
275,
324,
29936,
322,
1556,
310,
963,
2889,
1474,
29889,
530,
341,
3960,
310,
278,
17294,
471,
7625,
472,
278,
931,
310,
278,
14321,
298,
555,
650,
20436,
2785,
6724,
373,
1784,
310,
963,
297,
278,
4940,
29889,
910,
338,
694,
5520,
7091,
4312,
29889,
476,
653,
327,
7384,
892,
7625,
297,
1784,
29889,
350,
650,
5046,
471,
10087,
491,
4122,
352,
436,
322,
349,
1508,
20801,
322,
16157,
3171,
25383,
491,
6211,
2330,
29899,
29925,
262,
484,
585,
6131,
29889,
13,
3868,
5861,
892,
17005,
491,
263,
10090,
29899,
16476,
287,
380,
10129,
8328,
29889,
450,
3171,
29879,
472,
278,
373,
842,
310,
14502,
892,
13384,
408,
8073,
29903,
363,
17168,
1189,
293,
5046,
29889,
450,
3171,
8073,
29903,
471,
12833,
297,
278,
9670,
8214,
29901,
3171,
310,
278,
4967,
297,
7477,
26134,
278,
2099,
3171,
363,
5046,
470,
16157,
29879,
13931,
491,
278,
8073,
297,
7477,
515,
278,
2099,
29889,
2087,
499,
3171,
29879,
892,
7625,
472,
29871,
29896,
29929,
30080,
30221,
30080,
29906,
29889,
29946,
29945,
2440,
29892,
3464,
29871,
29896,
29945,
29889,
29955,
304,
29871,
29906,
29955,
29889,
29945
] | 2,695 | 2,048 | CommonCrawl | 14 | 10 |
3, for males and at 18.3 ± 2.34 years, range 15 to 24 years, for females. Sixty-seven of the adult heights were obtained by us (76%) and 9 in a doctor's office (10%). Twelve (14%) were obtained at home, following detailed instructions and were consistent with predicted heights. The last bone age available in our records was 16.0 ± 1.0 years for males and 14.1 ± 0.46 for females, but some adult heights were obtained later. To obtain final adult heights, the potential remaining growth of some children whose heights were obtained before closure of the epiphyses (near adult height) was calculated. These numbers for calculated final adult heights were not included in the numbers reported and it will be addressed later (Additional file 1: Table S1).
Pubertal development was assessed by the method of Tanner. Males with testicular volume of less than 4.0 ml by the age of 14.0 years and females with no breast development by the age of 13 years were classified as delayed onset of puberty. Children whose heights were below the midparental height SDS target range of -1.6 SD were classified as NFSS and those within the target range as FSS. Children whose fathers or mothers were below -2.0 SDS were also classified as FSS. Of the 25 subjects (males and females) with FSS, 9 (36%) had a father or a mother with a height below -2 SD (-2.25 to -2.87 SD). The classification of delayed onset of puberty includes the previously used definition of constitutional delay of growth and puberty (CDGP) in accordance with the international consensus [45].
Target height (MPH) was calculated from the self-reported parental heights by the method of Tanner: (height of the father + height of the mother + 13)/2 for the males and (height of the father + height of the mother – 13)/2 for females and expressed in cm [47]. No addition for secular trend was needed, since there was no or minimal increase in secular trend in the United States National Health Statistics between 1977 and 2000. Midparental height SDS was calculated by the following equation: (father's height SDS + mother's height SDS)/√2(1 + r (M,F); r is the correlation between the parent's height which is 0.3 [50]. The SDS was based on the US National Center Health Statistics of 1977. The values for MPHs SDSs were not different than those calculated by target height, by the method of Tanner, when corrected for assortative mating (correlation between the parent's heights). The characteristics of NFSS and FSS children treated to adult height are illustrated in Table 1.
Table 1 Idiopathic short stature treated with GH, non-familial short stature (NFSS) & familial short stature (FSS)
Lost to follow-up
Twenty-two males (22% of the total of 98) were lost to follow-up: 6 were treated for less than 6 months and 16 were lost at 10 to 14.4 years of age. Five females (20% of the total of 25) were lost to follow-up: 2 were treated for less than 6 months and 3 were lost at 9.4 to 12.5 years of age. All had a good response to rhGH treatment. An analysis of intent to treat to adult height was conducted.
Growth hormone from stimulations tests was assayed by monoclonal antibody (Hybritech IRMA or Immulite chemiluminescent) methods that measure selectively the 22 kDa GH and yields values of 64 to 68% of those obtained with polyclonal antibody RIA methods (Additional file 2: Figure S1). All children had values of serum growth hormone of more than 7 ng/ml in one or both stimulation tests or more than 10 ng/ml when a polyclonal antibody RIA method was used (a few were measured by the Kallestad RIA method at the beginning of the study).
Growth hormone | -0.825484 | 0.848469 | 0.747298 | 0.992808 | [
-0.6734498096069045,
-0.9775177548446294
] | [
1.0472289062172986,
0.6497093611665411
] | [
0.9831683309424539,
0.5114275002209799
] | [
0.9719970998776386,
1.0136190241696847
] | 1,024 | [
512,
512
] | [
29941,
29892,
363,
25269,
322,
472,
29871,
29896,
29947,
29889,
29941,
30080,
30221,
30080,
29906,
29889,
29941,
29946,
2440,
29892,
3464,
29871,
29896,
29945,
304,
29871,
29906,
29946,
2440,
29892,
363,
24473,
29889,
6101,
29312,
29899,
344,
854,
310,
278,
16157,
3171,
29879,
892,
7625,
491,
502,
313,
29955,
29953,
10997,
322,
29871,
29929,
297,
263,
11619,
29915,
29879,
8034,
313,
29896,
29900,
28003,
8168,
13841,
313,
29896,
29946,
10997,
892,
7625,
472,
3271,
29892,
1494,
13173,
11994,
322,
892,
13747,
411,
25383,
3171,
29879,
29889,
450,
1833,
289,
650,
5046,
3625,
297,
1749,
6475,
471,
29871,
29896,
29953,
29889,
29900,
30080,
30221,
30080,
29896,
29889,
29900,
2440,
363,
25269,
322,
29871,
29896,
29946,
29889,
29896,
30080,
30221,
30080,
29900,
29889,
29946,
29953,
363,
24473,
29892,
541,
777,
16157,
3171,
29879,
892,
7625,
2678,
29889,
1763,
4017,
2186,
16157,
3171,
29879,
29892,
278,
7037,
9886,
14321,
310,
777,
4344,
5069,
3171,
29879,
892,
7625,
1434,
18424,
310,
278,
321,
1631,
14017,
267,
313,
28502,
16157,
3171,
29897,
471,
12833,
29889,
4525,
3694,
363,
12833,
2186,
16157,
3171,
29879,
892,
451,
5134,
297,
278,
3694,
8967,
322,
372,
674,
367,
20976,
2678,
313,
2528,
3245,
934,
29871,
29896,
29901,
6137,
317,
29896,
467,
13,
21076,
814,
284,
5849,
471,
1223,
11517,
491,
278,
1158,
310,
323,
7310,
29889,
341,
2122,
411,
1243,
16311,
7977,
310,
3109,
1135,
29871,
29946,
29889,
29900,
286,
29880,
491,
278,
5046,
310,
29871,
29896,
29946,
29889,
29900,
2440,
322,
24473,
411,
694,
24207,
5849,
491,
278,
5046,
310,
29871,
29896,
29941,
2440,
892,
770,
2164,
408,
29801,
373,
842,
310,
2529,
814,
29891,
29889,
20986,
5069,
3171,
29879,
892,
2400,
278,
7145,
3560,
284,
3171,
8073,
29903,
3646,
3464,
310,
448,
29896,
29889,
29953,
8073,
892,
770,
2164,
408,
405,
29943,
1799,
322,
1906,
2629,
278,
3646,
3464,
408,
383,
1799,
29889,
20986,
5069,
285,
19467,
470,
25550,
414,
892,
2400,
448,
29906,
29889,
29900,
8073,
29903,
892,
884,
770,
2164,
408,
383,
1799,
29889,
4587,
278,
29871,
29906,
29945,
17800,
313,
29885,
2122,
322,
24473,
29897,
411,
383,
1799,
29892,
29871,
29929,
313,
29941,
29953,
10997,
750,
263,
4783,
470,
263,
5637,
411,
263,
3171,
2400,
448,
29906,
8073,
8521,
29906,
29889,
29906,
29945,
304,
448,
29906,
29889,
29947,
29955,
8073,
467,
450,
12965,
310,
29801,
373,
842,
310,
2529,
814,
29891,
7805,
278,
9251,
1304,
5023,
310,
16772,
284,
9055,
310,
14321,
322,
2529,
814,
29891,
313,
6530,
19903,
29897,
297,
15017,
749,
411,
278,
6121,
1136,
8841,
518,
29946,
29945,
1822,
13,
8667,
3171,
313,
3580,
29950,
29897,
471,
12833,
515,
278,
1583,
29899,
12276,
287,
3847,
284,
3171,
29879,
491,
278,
1158,
310,
323,
7310,
29901,
313,
3545,
310,
278,
4783,
30080,
29974,
30080,
3545,
310,
278,
5637,
30080,
29974,
30080,
29896,
29941,
6802,
29906,
363,
278,
25269,
322,
313,
3545,
310,
278,
4783,
30080,
29974,
30080,
3545,
310,
278,
5637,
785,
29871,
29896,
29941,
6802,
29906,
363,
24473,
322,
13384,
297,
7477,
518,
29946,
29955,
1822,
1939,
6124,
363,
5226,
1070,
534,
355,
471,
4312,
29892,
1951,
727,
471,
694,
470,
13114,
7910,
297,
5226,
1070,
534,
355,
297,
278,
3303,
3900,
3086,
15202,
27098,
1546,
29871,
29896,
29929,
29955,
29955,
322,
29871,
29906,
29900,
29900,
29900,
29889,
13370,
3560,
284,
3171,
8073,
29903,
471,
12833,
491,
278,
1494,
6306,
29901,
313,
22212,
29915,
29879,
3171,
8073,
29903,
30080,
29974,
30080,
29885,
1228,
29915,
29879,
3171,
8073,
29903,
6802,
30562,
29906,
29898,
29896,
30080,
29974,
30080,
29878,
313,
29924,
29892,
29943,
416,
364,
338,
278,
19869,
1546,
278,
3847,
29915,
29879,
3171,
607,
338,
29871,
29900,
29889,
29941,
518,
29945,
29900,
1822,
450,
8073,
29903,
471,
2729,
373,
278,
3148,
3086,
7817,
15202,
27098,
310,
29871,
29896,
29929,
29955,
29955,
29889,
450,
1819,
363,
16379,
29950,
29879,
8073,
29903,
29879,
892,
451,
1422,
1135,
1906,
12833,
491,
3646,
3171,
29892,
491,
278,
1158,
310,
323,
7310,
29892,
746,
24114,
363,
1223,
441,
1230,
286,
1218,
313,
2616,
23445,
1546,
278,
3847,
29915,
29879,
3171,
29879,
467,
450,
21862,
310,
405,
29943,
1799,
322,
383,
1799,
4344,
14914,
304,
16157,
3171,
526,
26848,
297,
6137,
29871,
29896,
29889,
13,
3562,
29871,
29896,
5163,
21260,
493,
293,
3273,
1002,
545,
14914,
411,
402,
29950,
29892,
1661,
29899,
8302,
616,
3273,
1002,
545,
313,
22498,
1799,
29897,
669,
1832,
616,
3273,
1002,
545,
313,
29943,
1799,
29897,
13,
29931,
520,
304,
1101,
29899,
786,
13,
27418,
6478,
29899,
10184,
25269,
313,
29906,
29906,
29995,
310,
278,
3001,
310,
29871,
29929,
29947,
29897,
892,
5714,
304,
1101,
29899,
786,
29901,
29871,
29953,
892,
14914,
363,
3109,
1135,
29871,
29953,
7378,
322,
29871,
29896,
29953,
892,
5714,
472,
29871,
29896,
29900,
304,
29871,
29896,
29946,
29889,
29946,
2440,
310,
5046,
29889,
22853,
24473,
313,
29906,
29900,
29995,
310,
278,
3001,
310,
29871,
29906,
29945,
29897,
892,
5714,
304,
1101,
29899,
786,
29901,
29871,
29906,
892,
14914,
363,
3109,
1135,
29871,
29953,
7378,
322,
29871,
29941,
892,
5714,
472,
29871,
29929,
29889,
29946,
304,
29871,
29896,
29906,
29889,
29945,
2440,
310,
5046,
29889,
2178,
750,
263,
1781,
2933,
304,
18178,
29954,
29950,
14502,
29889,
530,
7418,
310,
7609,
304,
7539,
304,
16157,
3171,
471,
18043,
29889,
13,
29954,
798,
386,
298,
555,
650,
515,
20436,
8250,
6987,
471,
1223,
388,
287,
491,
1601,
542,
29880,
7177,
3677,
747,
1486,
313,
26322,
1182,
568,
305,
23292,
1529,
470,
1954,
16109,
568,
8950,
309,
398,
1475,
1760,
29897,
3519,
393,
5645,
1831,
3598,
278,
29871,
29906,
29906,
413,
27838,
402,
29950,
322,
17498,
1819,
310,
29871,
29953,
29946,
304,
29871,
29953,
29947,
29995,
310,
1906,
7625,
411,
15680,
695,
7177,
3677,
747,
1486,
390,
10764,
3519,
313,
2528,
3245,
934,
29871,
29906,
29901,
11479,
317,
29896,
467,
2178,
4344,
750,
1819,
310,
724,
398,
14321,
298,
555,
650,
310,
901,
1135,
29871,
29955,
8736,
29914,
828,
297,
697,
470,
1716,
20436,
2785,
6987,
470,
901,
1135,
29871,
29896,
29900,
8736,
29914,
828,
746,
263,
15680,
695,
7177,
3677,
747,
1486,
390,
10764,
1158,
471,
1304,
313,
29874,
2846,
892,
17005,
491,
278,
476,
497,
342,
328,
390,
10764,
1158,
472,
278,
6763,
310,
278,
6559,
467,
13,
29954,
798,
386,
298,
555,
650
] | 2,695 | 3,072 | CommonCrawl | 14 | 10 |
secretion was evaluated by 12-hours overnight frequent sampling on a number of the children in the 1990s; we no longer do that.
Plasma levels of IGF-I were obtained by RIA after acid alcohol extraction (Nichol's Institute Diagnostic, San Juan Capistrano, CA). This method was not available early in the study and a number of the determinations were made as Somadomedin C. Laboratory determinations for CBC, sedimentation rate, glucose, hemoglobin A1C, TSH, free T4, cortisol and others were performed by standard laboratory procedures.
Paired and unpaired, two-tailed Student T test was used to compare the means of the different groups. A p value of 0.05 or less was considered significant. The 95% confidence intervals (CI) of the different results and groups were calculated. Correlations to assess the factors influencing AHs (young age, delayed bone age, distance to MPH, etc.) have been reported by others and were beyond the scope of this presentation.
A few growth charts in Figure 1 illustrate what we observed in many children: a catch up growth for the first 3 or more years of treatment to a level expected for the midparental height, a subsequent normal growth, the growth spurt with puberty and the attainment of a normal adult height.
Growth charts of 3 individual males showing the response to GH treatment. Growth charts: A. Height of a NFSS male with normal puberty treated with rhGH, B. Height of a NFSS male with delayed puberty treated with rhGH, and C. Height of a FSS male with normal puberty treated with rhGH.
Figure 2 provides information on the means ± standard deviations and range of the height at the beginning of treatment, midparental heights, father's or mother's heights and adult heights for different groups. (The individual values for the heights at the beginning of treatment, adult heights, midparental heights, age at the beginning of treatment and when the adult heights were obtained, and means ± standard deviations for different subgroups are given in the additional file 3: Figure S2A, B, C, D and Additional file 4: Figure S3A, B).
Height SDSs of all subjects, males and females, before and after treatment. Height SDS before and after treatment with rhGH: A. All ISS males and females, B. All ISS males, and C. All ISS females. In Table 2 are detailed numbers for means and standard deviations for different measurements to permit comparisons and in Tables 3 and 4 applicable statistics.
In Table 2 are detailed numbers for means and standard deviations for different measurements to permit comparisons and in Tables 3 and 4 applicable statistics.
Table 2 All ISS (NFSS and FSS) SDS
Table 3 Comparisons SDS (SD) – Probability
Table 4 Comparisons of NFSS versus FSS – SDS (SD) – Probability
All the 88 children with ISS (NFSS and FSS), males and females, attained a mean adult height of -0.71 SDS (0.74 SD) (Table 2), all within the normal percentiles – from the 1st to the 80th percentile for males and for females (Figure 2). All of them attained a height within 2 SD except two children with familial short stature, -2.11 and -2.25 SDS (1.2 percentile). The average height of the 88 children was -0.71 SDS (0.74 SD), significantly different than the baseline height of -2.61 SDS (0.62 SD) (p <0.001) (Table 3), equal to the MPH of -0.65 SDS (0.92 SD) (p, 0.638), and the adult height gain (adult height minus baseline height) was +1.9 SDS (0.76 SD) with a range from +0.29 to +4.13 SDS (95% CI, 1.74 to 2.06).
The 68 males (NFSS & FSS) attained a mean height of -0.72 SDS (0.72 SD), (Table 2) higher than the mean at the onset of treatment | -0.745358 | 0.604944 | 0.671211 | 0.821118 | [
-0.37075153979817843,
-1.1199639994605004
] | [
0.8968161053872823,
0.3130711878803141
] | [
1.0541830796532135,
0.2882382899871642
] | [
0.9928080620236617,
0.649427186614281
] | 1,024 | [
512,
512
] | [
7035,
291,
471,
19030,
491,
29871,
29896,
29906,
29899,
29882,
2470,
975,
11147,
17091,
23460,
373,
263,
1353,
310,
278,
4344,
297,
278,
29871,
29896,
29929,
29929,
29900,
29879,
29936,
591,
694,
5520,
437,
393,
29889,
13,
3247,
25392,
11174,
310,
306,
29954,
29943,
29899,
29902,
892,
7625,
491,
390,
10764,
1156,
22193,
27231,
5391,
4805,
428,
313,
29940,
436,
324,
29915,
29879,
8907,
4671,
21780,
29892,
3087,
8699,
5915,
391,
12776,
29892,
12766,
467,
910,
1158,
471,
451,
3625,
4688,
297,
278,
6559,
322,
263,
1353,
310,
278,
11806,
800,
892,
1754,
408,
6254,
328,
27067,
262,
315,
29889,
16715,
7606,
11806,
800,
363,
315,
5371,
29892,
7048,
2073,
362,
6554,
29892,
3144,
1682,
852,
29892,
9736,
468,
417,
2109,
319,
29896,
29907,
29892,
323,
7068,
29892,
3889,
323,
29946,
29892,
13979,
275,
324,
322,
4045,
892,
8560,
491,
3918,
10212,
7606,
28648,
29889,
13,
11868,
2859,
322,
443,
3274,
2859,
29892,
1023,
29899,
941,
2356,
15740,
323,
1243,
471,
1304,
304,
7252,
278,
2794,
310,
278,
1422,
6471,
29889,
319,
282,
995,
310,
29871,
29900,
29889,
29900,
29945,
470,
3109,
471,
5545,
7282,
29889,
450,
29871,
29929,
29945,
29995,
16420,
18747,
313,
8426,
29897,
310,
278,
1422,
2582,
322,
6471,
892,
12833,
29889,
2994,
2674,
800,
304,
24809,
278,
13879,
13787,
3277,
319,
29950,
29879,
313,
6293,
865,
5046,
29892,
29801,
289,
650,
5046,
29892,
5418,
304,
16379,
29950,
29892,
2992,
1846,
505,
1063,
8967,
491,
4045,
322,
892,
8724,
278,
6874,
310,
445,
24329,
29889,
13,
29909,
2846,
14321,
24469,
297,
11479,
29871,
29896,
28475,
825,
591,
8900,
297,
1784,
4344,
29901,
263,
4380,
701,
14321,
363,
278,
937,
29871,
29941,
470,
901,
2440,
310,
14502,
304,
263,
3233,
3806,
363,
278,
7145,
3560,
284,
3171,
29892,
263,
15352,
4226,
14321,
29892,
278,
14321,
805,
4227,
411,
2529,
814,
29891,
322,
278,
1098,
475,
358,
310,
263,
4226,
16157,
3171,
29889,
13,
29954,
798,
386,
24469,
310,
29871,
29941,
5375,
25269,
6445,
278,
2933,
304,
402,
29950,
14502,
29889,
402,
798,
386,
24469,
29901,
319,
29889,
22907,
310,
263,
405,
29943,
1799,
14263,
411,
4226,
2529,
814,
29891,
14914,
411,
18178,
29954,
29950,
29892,
350,
29889,
22907,
310,
263,
405,
29943,
1799,
14263,
411,
29801,
2529,
814,
29891,
14914,
411,
18178,
29954,
29950,
29892,
322,
315,
29889,
22907,
310,
263,
383,
1799,
14263,
411,
4226,
2529,
814,
29891,
14914,
411,
18178,
29954,
29950,
29889,
13,
13080,
545,
29871,
29906,
8128,
2472,
373,
278,
2794,
30080,
30221,
30080,
15770,
29668,
800,
322,
3464,
310,
278,
3171,
472,
278,
6763,
310,
14502,
29892,
7145,
3560,
284,
3171,
29879,
29892,
4783,
29915,
29879,
470,
5637,
29915,
29879,
3171,
29879,
322,
16157,
3171,
29879,
363,
1422,
6471,
29889,
313,
1576,
5375,
1819,
363,
278,
3171,
29879,
472,
278,
6763,
310,
14502,
29892,
16157,
3171,
29879,
29892,
7145,
3560,
284,
3171,
29879,
29892,
5046,
472,
278,
6763,
310,
14502,
322,
746,
278,
16157,
3171,
29879,
892,
7625,
29892,
322,
2794,
30080,
30221,
30080,
15770,
29668,
800,
363,
1422,
1014,
13155,
526,
2183,
297,
278,
5684,
934,
29871,
29941,
29901,
11479,
317,
29906,
29909,
29892,
350,
29892,
315,
29892,
360,
322,
3462,
3245,
934,
29871,
29946,
29901,
11479,
317,
29941,
29909,
29892,
350,
467,
13,
7011,
8073,
29903,
29879,
310,
599,
17800,
29892,
25269,
322,
24473,
29892,
1434,
322,
1156,
14502,
29889,
22907,
8073,
29903,
1434,
322,
1156,
14502,
411,
18178,
29954,
29950,
29901,
319,
29889,
2178,
306,
1799,
25269,
322,
24473,
29892,
350,
29889,
2178,
306,
1799,
25269,
29892,
322,
315,
29889,
2178,
306,
1799,
24473,
29889,
512,
6137,
29871,
29906,
526,
13173,
3694,
363,
2794,
322,
3918,
29668,
800,
363,
1422,
20398,
304,
14257,
5734,
14125,
322,
297,
323,
1849,
29871,
29941,
322,
29871,
29946,
22903,
13964,
29889,
13,
797,
6137,
29871,
29906,
526,
13173,
3694,
363,
2794,
322,
3918,
29668,
800,
363,
1422,
20398,
304,
14257,
5734,
14125,
322,
297,
323,
1849,
29871,
29941,
322,
29871,
29946,
22903,
13964,
29889,
13,
3562,
29871,
29906,
2178,
306,
1799,
313,
22498,
1799,
322,
383,
1799,
29897,
8073,
29903,
13,
3562,
29871,
29941,
28663,
14125,
8073,
29903,
313,
7230,
29897,
785,
1019,
29890,
3097,
13,
3562,
29871,
29946,
28663,
14125,
310,
405,
29943,
1799,
23797,
383,
1799,
785,
8073,
29903,
313,
7230,
29897,
785,
1019,
29890,
3097,
13,
3596,
278,
29871,
29947,
29947,
4344,
411,
306,
1799,
313,
22498,
1799,
322,
383,
1799,
511,
25269,
322,
24473,
29892,
1098,
7114,
263,
2099,
16157,
3171,
310,
448,
29900,
29889,
29955,
29896,
8073,
29903,
313,
29900,
29889,
29955,
29946,
8073,
29897,
313,
3562,
29871,
29906,
511,
599,
2629,
278,
4226,
10151,
5475,
785,
515,
278,
29871,
29896,
303,
304,
278,
29871,
29947,
29900,
386,
10151,
488,
363,
25269,
322,
363,
24473,
313,
13080,
545,
29871,
29906,
467,
2178,
310,
963,
1098,
7114,
263,
3171,
2629,
29871,
29906,
8073,
5174,
1023,
4344,
411,
1832,
616,
3273,
1002,
545,
29892,
448,
29906,
29889,
29896,
29896,
322,
448,
29906,
29889,
29906,
29945,
8073,
29903,
313,
29896,
29889,
29906,
10151,
488,
467,
450,
6588,
3171,
310,
278,
29871,
29947,
29947,
4344,
471,
448,
29900,
29889,
29955,
29896,
8073,
29903,
313,
29900,
29889,
29955,
29946,
8073,
511,
16951,
1422,
1135,
278,
2362,
5570,
3171,
310,
448,
29906,
29889,
29953,
29896,
8073,
29903,
313,
29900,
29889,
29953,
29906,
8073,
29897,
313,
29886,
529,
29900,
29889,
29900,
29900,
29896,
29897,
313,
3562,
29871,
29941,
511,
5186,
304,
278,
16379,
29950,
310,
448,
29900,
29889,
29953,
29945,
8073,
29903,
313,
29900,
29889,
29929,
29906,
8073,
29897,
313,
29886,
29892,
29871,
29900,
29889,
29953,
29941,
29947,
511,
322,
278,
16157,
3171,
11581,
313,
328,
499,
3171,
26134,
2362,
5570,
3171,
29897,
471,
718,
29896,
29889,
29929,
8073,
29903,
313,
29900,
29889,
29955,
29953,
8073,
29897,
411,
263,
3464,
515,
718,
29900,
29889,
29906,
29929,
304,
718,
29946,
29889,
29896,
29941,
8073,
29903,
313,
29929,
29945,
29995,
25781,
29892,
29871,
29896,
29889,
29955,
29946,
304,
29871,
29906,
29889,
29900,
29953,
467,
13,
1576,
29871,
29953,
29947,
25269,
313,
22498,
1799,
669,
383,
1799,
29897,
1098,
7114,
263,
2099,
3171,
310,
448,
29900,
29889,
29955,
29906,
8073,
29903,
313,
29900,
29889,
29955,
29906,
8073,
511,
313,
3562,
29871,
29906,
29897,
6133,
1135,
278,
2099,
472,
278,
373,
842,
310,
14502
] | 2,695 | 4,096 | CommonCrawl | 14 | 10 |
of -2.58 SDS (0.52 SD) (p <0.001) (Table 3), equal to the MPH of -0.78 SDS (0.84 SD) (p, 0.674), and equal or less than the father's height of -0.44 SDS (0.90 SD) (p ≤ 0.05). The adult height gain was 1.86 SDS (0.69 SD), range 0.29 to 3.92 SDS (95% CI, 1.69 to 2.03).
The 20 females attained an adult height of -0.65 SDS (0.70 SD) (Table 2), significantly higher than the baseline height of -2.71 SDS (0.96 SD) (p <0.001) (Table 3), equal to the MPH of -0.18 SDS (0.85 SD) (p, 0.120) and mother's height of -0.57 SDS (0.62 SD) (p, 0.728). The adult height gain was 2.06 SDS (0.97 SD).
There were no differences between the 68 males and 20 females (Table 3) in regard to baseline height, the SDS for father's and mother's heights, adult height of -0.72 SDS (0.72 SD) for males and for females -0.65 SDS (0.70 SD) or for the adult height gain of 1.86 SDS (0.69 SD) versus 2.06 SDS (0.97 SD) (all p values between 0.40 and 0.72). The only difference between the males and the females was in the MPH of -0.78 SDS (0.84 SD) for the males and -0.18 SDS (0.85 SD) for the females (p, 0.025).
The mean adult height of 171.86 ± 4.82 cm was equal to the target height of 172.76 ± 4.34 cm for the males (p, <0.5 > 0.1). Also for the females the mean adult height of 159.68 ± 4.28 cm was equal to the target height of 162.94 ± 4.53 cm (p, <0.5 > 0.1).
Analysis of the subgroups
NFSS
The results obtained are shown in Table 2, applicable statistics in Table 3 and illustrations or graphs in Figure 2. The mean adult height attained by the 47 males was -0.54 SDS (0.64 SD), significantly higher than the baseline height -2.57 SDS (0.41 SD), (p <0.0001), equal to the MPH of -0.44 SDS (0.73 SD) (p, 0.489) and less than the father's height of -0.18 SDS (0.76 SD) (p, 0.019). The latter statistically different, but it would appear to be of no clinical significance (2.36 cm difference). The adult height of the 20 children with normal puberty, -0.60 SDS (0.67 SD) was equal to the father's height -0.22 SDS (0.89 SD) (p, 0.156). In the 27 children with delayed puberty the adult height of -0.49 SDS (0.61 SD) was near or equal to the father's height of -0.15 SDS (0.64 SD) (p, 0.056).
In the 16 female children with NFSS, the adult height was -0.62 SDS (0.70 SD), higher than the baseline height of -2.74 SDS (0.96 SD) (p < 0.001), less than the MPH of +0.15 SDS (0.85 SD) (p, 0.011), and equal to the mother's height of -0.35 SDS (0.62 | -1.232277 | -0.158536 | -0.125169 | 0.345067 | [
-1.1528362097564708,
-1.311718559520327
] | [
0.021198729126829918,
-0.3382699585710961
] | [
-0.1733575766327728,
-0.07698041766817056
] | [
0.3840874192524868,
0.3060463112049002
] | 1,024 | [
512,
512
] | [
310,
448,
29906,
29889,
29945,
29947,
8073,
29903,
313,
29900,
29889,
29945,
29906,
8073,
29897,
313,
29886,
529,
29900,
29889,
29900,
29900,
29896,
29897,
313,
3562,
29871,
29941,
511,
5186,
304,
278,
16379,
29950,
310,
448,
29900,
29889,
29955,
29947,
8073,
29903,
313,
29900,
29889,
29947,
29946,
8073,
29897,
313,
29886,
29892,
29871,
29900,
29889,
29953,
29955,
29946,
511,
322,
5186,
470,
3109,
1135,
278,
4783,
29915,
29879,
3171,
310,
448,
29900,
29889,
29946,
29946,
8073,
29903,
313,
29900,
29889,
29929,
29900,
8073,
29897,
313,
29886,
30080,
30248,
30080,
29900,
29889,
29900,
29945,
467,
450,
16157,
3171,
11581,
471,
29871,
29896,
29889,
29947,
29953,
8073,
29903,
313,
29900,
29889,
29953,
29929,
8073,
511,
3464,
29871,
29900,
29889,
29906,
29929,
304,
29871,
29941,
29889,
29929,
29906,
8073,
29903,
313,
29929,
29945,
29995,
25781,
29892,
29871,
29896,
29889,
29953,
29929,
304,
29871,
29906,
29889,
29900,
29941,
467,
13,
1576,
29871,
29906,
29900,
24473,
1098,
7114,
385,
16157,
3171,
310,
448,
29900,
29889,
29953,
29945,
8073,
29903,
313,
29900,
29889,
29955,
29900,
8073,
29897,
313,
3562,
29871,
29906,
511,
16951,
6133,
1135,
278,
2362,
5570,
3171,
310,
448,
29906,
29889,
29955,
29896,
8073,
29903,
313,
29900,
29889,
29929,
29953,
8073,
29897,
313,
29886,
529,
29900,
29889,
29900,
29900,
29896,
29897,
313,
3562,
29871,
29941,
511,
5186,
304,
278,
16379,
29950,
310,
448,
29900,
29889,
29896,
29947,
8073,
29903,
313,
29900,
29889,
29947,
29945,
8073,
29897,
313,
29886,
29892,
29871,
29900,
29889,
29896,
29906,
29900,
29897,
322,
5637,
29915,
29879,
3171,
310,
448,
29900,
29889,
29945,
29955,
8073,
29903,
313,
29900,
29889,
29953,
29906,
8073,
29897,
313,
29886,
29892,
29871,
29900,
29889,
29955,
29906,
29947,
467,
450,
16157,
3171,
11581,
471,
29871,
29906,
29889,
29900,
29953,
8073,
29903,
313,
29900,
29889,
29929,
29955,
8073,
467,
13,
8439,
892,
694,
12651,
1546,
278,
29871,
29953,
29947,
25269,
322,
29871,
29906,
29900,
24473,
313,
3562,
29871,
29941,
29897,
297,
4880,
304,
2362,
5570,
3171,
29892,
278,
8073,
29903,
363,
4783,
29915,
29879,
322,
5637,
29915,
29879,
3171,
29879,
29892,
16157,
3171,
310,
448,
29900,
29889,
29955,
29906,
8073,
29903,
313,
29900,
29889,
29955,
29906,
8073,
29897,
363,
25269,
322,
363,
24473,
448,
29900,
29889,
29953,
29945,
8073,
29903,
313,
29900,
29889,
29955,
29900,
8073,
29897,
470,
363,
278,
16157,
3171,
11581,
310,
29871,
29896,
29889,
29947,
29953,
8073,
29903,
313,
29900,
29889,
29953,
29929,
8073,
29897,
23797,
29871,
29906,
29889,
29900,
29953,
8073,
29903,
313,
29900,
29889,
29929,
29955,
8073,
29897,
313,
497,
282,
1819,
1546,
29871,
29900,
29889,
29946,
29900,
322,
29871,
29900,
29889,
29955,
29906,
467,
450,
871,
4328,
1546,
278,
25269,
322,
278,
24473,
471,
297,
278,
16379,
29950,
310,
448,
29900,
29889,
29955,
29947,
8073,
29903,
313,
29900,
29889,
29947,
29946,
8073,
29897,
363,
278,
25269,
322,
448,
29900,
29889,
29896,
29947,
8073,
29903,
313,
29900,
29889,
29947,
29945,
8073,
29897,
363,
278,
24473,
313,
29886,
29892,
29871,
29900,
29889,
29900,
29906,
29945,
467,
13,
1576,
2099,
16157,
3171,
310,
29871,
29896,
29955,
29896,
29889,
29947,
29953,
30080,
30221,
30080,
29946,
29889,
29947,
29906,
7477,
471,
5186,
304,
278,
3646,
3171,
310,
29871,
29896,
29955,
29906,
29889,
29955,
29953,
30080,
30221,
30080,
29946,
29889,
29941,
29946,
7477,
363,
278,
25269,
313,
29886,
29892,
529,
29900,
29889,
29945,
30080,
29958,
30080,
29900,
29889,
29896,
467,
3115,
363,
278,
24473,
278,
2099,
16157,
3171,
310,
29871,
29896,
29945,
29929,
29889,
29953,
29947,
30080,
30221,
30080,
29946,
29889,
29906,
29947,
7477,
471,
5186,
304,
278,
3646,
3171,
310,
29871,
29896,
29953,
29906,
29889,
29929,
29946,
30080,
30221,
30080,
29946,
29889,
29945,
29941,
7477,
313,
29886,
29892,
529,
29900,
29889,
29945,
30080,
29958,
30080,
29900,
29889,
29896,
467,
13,
21067,
4848,
310,
278,
1014,
13155,
13,
22498,
1799,
13,
1576,
2582,
7625,
526,
4318,
297,
6137,
29871,
29906,
29892,
22903,
13964,
297,
6137,
29871,
29941,
322,
8632,
800,
470,
18445,
297,
11479,
29871,
29906,
29889,
450,
2099,
16157,
3171,
1098,
7114,
491,
278,
29871,
29946,
29955,
25269,
471,
448,
29900,
29889,
29945,
29946,
8073,
29903,
313,
29900,
29889,
29953,
29946,
8073,
511,
16951,
6133,
1135,
278,
2362,
5570,
3171,
448,
29906,
29889,
29945,
29955,
8073,
29903,
313,
29900,
29889,
29946,
29896,
8073,
511,
313,
29886,
529,
29900,
29889,
29900,
29900,
29900,
29896,
511,
5186,
304,
278,
16379,
29950,
310,
448,
29900,
29889,
29946,
29946,
8073,
29903,
313,
29900,
29889,
29955,
29941,
8073,
29897,
313,
29886,
29892,
29871,
29900,
29889,
29946,
29947,
29929,
29897,
322,
3109,
1135,
278,
4783,
29915,
29879,
3171,
310,
448,
29900,
29889,
29896,
29947,
8073,
29903,
313,
29900,
29889,
29955,
29953,
8073,
29897,
313,
29886,
29892,
29871,
29900,
29889,
29900,
29896,
29929,
467,
450,
7480,
12997,
1711,
1422,
29892,
541,
372,
723,
2615,
304,
367,
310,
694,
24899,
936,
26002,
313,
29906,
29889,
29941,
29953,
7477,
4328,
467,
450,
16157,
3171,
310,
278,
29871,
29906,
29900,
4344,
411,
4226,
2529,
814,
29891,
29892,
448,
29900,
29889,
29953,
29900,
8073,
29903,
313,
29900,
29889,
29953,
29955,
8073,
29897,
471,
5186,
304,
278,
4783,
29915,
29879,
3171,
448,
29900,
29889,
29906,
29906,
8073,
29903,
313,
29900,
29889,
29947,
29929,
8073,
29897,
313,
29886,
29892,
29871,
29900,
29889,
29896,
29945,
29953,
467,
512,
278,
29871,
29906,
29955,
4344,
411,
29801,
2529,
814,
29891,
278,
16157,
3171,
310,
448,
29900,
29889,
29946,
29929,
8073,
29903,
313,
29900,
29889,
29953,
29896,
8073,
29897,
471,
2978,
470,
5186,
304,
278,
4783,
29915,
29879,
3171,
310,
448,
29900,
29889,
29896,
29945,
8073,
29903,
313,
29900,
29889,
29953,
29946,
8073,
29897,
313,
29886,
29892,
29871,
29900,
29889,
29900,
29945,
29953,
467,
13,
797,
278,
29871,
29896,
29953,
12944,
4344,
411,
405,
29943,
1799,
29892,
278,
16157,
3171,
471,
448,
29900,
29889,
29953,
29906,
8073,
29903,
313,
29900,
29889,
29955,
29900,
8073,
511,
6133,
1135,
278,
2362,
5570,
3171,
310,
448,
29906,
29889,
29955,
29946,
8073,
29903,
313,
29900,
29889,
29929,
29953,
8073,
29897,
313,
29886,
30080,
29966,
30080,
29900,
29889,
29900,
29900,
29896,
511,
3109,
1135,
278,
16379,
29950,
310,
718,
29900,
29889,
29896,
29945,
8073,
29903,
313,
29900,
29889,
29947,
29945,
8073,
29897,
313,
29886,
29892,
29871,
29900,
29889,
29900,
29896,
29896,
511,
322,
5186,
304,
278,
5637,
29915,
29879,
3171,
310,
448,
29900,
29889,
29941,
29945,
8073,
29903,
313,
29900,
29889,
29953,
29906
] | 2,695 | 5,120 | CommonCrawl | 14 | 10 |
SD) (p, 0.269).
The adult height gain for the 47 males with NFSS was 2.04 SDS (0.64 SD), range 0.94 to 3.92 SDS, equal to the adult height gain for the 16 females, 2.12 SDS (0.97 SD) (range 0.99 to 4.13 SDS) (p, 0.969).
The results obtained in the 21 males and 4 females with FSS are shown in Table 2, applicable statistics in Table 3 and illustrations in Figure 2.
The adult height attained by the 21 males was -1.14 SDS (0.72 SD), significantly higher than the baseline height of -2.59 SDS (0.71 SD) (p <0.001), equal to the MPH of -1.52 SDS (0.51 SD) (p, 0.64), equal to the father's height of -0.99 SDS (0.92 SD) (p, 0.587), and the adult height gain was +1.45 SDS (0.62 SD), range +0.29 to 2.40 SDS (95% CI, 1.17 to 1.73).
The number of females with FSS was only 4 and the values may not accurately represent the values of a larger group. The adult height was -0.78 SDS (1.07 SD), higher than the baseline height of -2.59 SDS, equal or higher than the MPH -1.49 SDS, and equal or higher than mother's height of -1.43 SDS (0.97 SD). The adult height gain was 1.81 SDS (0.80 SD), range 0.66 to 2.82 SDS.
Comparison between NFSS and FSS
The values are in Table 2, statistics in Table 4 and illustrations in Figure 2.
For the 47 males with NFSS and 21 with FSS, there was no difference in the baseline height of -2.57 SDS (0.41 SD) versus -2.59 SDS (0.71 SD) (p, 0.922). The adult height of -0.54 SDS (0.64 SD), 173.1 cm, of the NFSS males was higher than the adult height of males in FSS of -1.14 SDS (0.72 SD) 169.1 cm (p, 0.003). Also the MPH, the father's height and the gain in height were higher in the NFSS than in the FSS, Table 4, with all the p values of less than 0.002. The adult height gain for the 47 NFSS was 2.04 SDS (0.64 SD), range 0.94 to 3.92 SDS, higher that the 1.45 SDS (0.62 SD), range 0.29 to 2.40 SDS, for the 21 FSS children (p, 0.001).
Similar results were obtained when the males and females were grouped, Table 4. There was no difference in the baseline heights, -2.62 SDS (0.60 SD) and -2.59 SDS (0.66 AD), (p, >0.5), for the 63 males and females with NFSS and 25 with FSS. The adult height of -0.56 SDS (0.65 SD) and adult height gain of +2.06 SDS (0.74 SD) for the 63, 47 males and 16 females, with NFSS were higher than the adult height of -1.08 SDS (0.8 SD) and adult height gain of 1.51 SDS (0.66 SD) for the 25, 21 males and 4 females, with FSS (p < 0.01 and <0.001, respectively).
The adult height gain indicates the response to treatment and ranged from 0.29 to 3.92 SDS. The variability in the response to treatment with GH | -1.34733 | 0.250399 | -0.028792 | 0.337263 | [
-1.3610268749642822,
-1.3336333663843072
] | [
0.345302502343889,
0.15549587272505883
] | [
0.21215105922563612,
-0.269734735597375
] | [
0.2800326085223714,
0.39449290032549833
] | 1,024 | [
512,
512
] | [
8073,
29897,
313,
29886,
29892,
29871,
29900,
29889,
29906,
29953,
29929,
467,
13,
1576,
16157,
3171,
11581,
363,
278,
29871,
29946,
29955,
25269,
411,
405,
29943,
1799,
471,
29871,
29906,
29889,
29900,
29946,
8073,
29903,
313,
29900,
29889,
29953,
29946,
8073,
511,
3464,
29871,
29900,
29889,
29929,
29946,
304,
29871,
29941,
29889,
29929,
29906,
8073,
29903,
29892,
5186,
304,
278,
16157,
3171,
11581,
363,
278,
29871,
29896,
29953,
24473,
29892,
29871,
29906,
29889,
29896,
29906,
8073,
29903,
313,
29900,
29889,
29929,
29955,
8073,
29897,
313,
3881,
29871,
29900,
29889,
29929,
29929,
304,
29871,
29946,
29889,
29896,
29941,
8073,
29903,
29897,
313,
29886,
29892,
29871,
29900,
29889,
29929,
29953,
29929,
467,
13,
1576,
2582,
7625,
297,
278,
29871,
29906,
29896,
25269,
322,
29871,
29946,
24473,
411,
383,
1799,
526,
4318,
297,
6137,
29871,
29906,
29892,
22903,
13964,
297,
6137,
29871,
29941,
322,
8632,
800,
297,
11479,
29871,
29906,
29889,
13,
1576,
16157,
3171,
1098,
7114,
491,
278,
29871,
29906,
29896,
25269,
471,
448,
29896,
29889,
29896,
29946,
8073,
29903,
313,
29900,
29889,
29955,
29906,
8073,
511,
16951,
6133,
1135,
278,
2362,
5570,
3171,
310,
448,
29906,
29889,
29945,
29929,
8073,
29903,
313,
29900,
29889,
29955,
29896,
8073,
29897,
313,
29886,
529,
29900,
29889,
29900,
29900,
29896,
511,
5186,
304,
278,
16379,
29950,
310,
448,
29896,
29889,
29945,
29906,
8073,
29903,
313,
29900,
29889,
29945,
29896,
8073,
29897,
313,
29886,
29892,
29871,
29900,
29889,
29953,
29946,
511,
5186,
304,
278,
4783,
29915,
29879,
3171,
310,
448,
29900,
29889,
29929,
29929,
8073,
29903,
313,
29900,
29889,
29929,
29906,
8073,
29897,
313,
29886,
29892,
29871,
29900,
29889,
29945,
29947,
29955,
511,
322,
278,
16157,
3171,
11581,
471,
718,
29896,
29889,
29946,
29945,
8073,
29903,
313,
29900,
29889,
29953,
29906,
8073,
511,
3464,
718,
29900,
29889,
29906,
29929,
304,
29871,
29906,
29889,
29946,
29900,
8073,
29903,
313,
29929,
29945,
29995,
25781,
29892,
29871,
29896,
29889,
29896,
29955,
304,
29871,
29896,
29889,
29955,
29941,
467,
13,
1576,
1353,
310,
24473,
411,
383,
1799,
471,
871,
29871,
29946,
322,
278,
1819,
1122,
451,
7913,
2486,
2755,
278,
1819,
310,
263,
7200,
2318,
29889,
450,
16157,
3171,
471,
448,
29900,
29889,
29955,
29947,
8073,
29903,
313,
29896,
29889,
29900,
29955,
8073,
511,
6133,
1135,
278,
2362,
5570,
3171,
310,
448,
29906,
29889,
29945,
29929,
8073,
29903,
29892,
5186,
470,
6133,
1135,
278,
16379,
29950,
448,
29896,
29889,
29946,
29929,
8073,
29903,
29892,
322,
5186,
470,
6133,
1135,
5637,
29915,
29879,
3171,
310,
448,
29896,
29889,
29946,
29941,
8073,
29903,
313,
29900,
29889,
29929,
29955,
8073,
467,
450,
16157,
3171,
11581,
471,
29871,
29896,
29889,
29947,
29896,
8073,
29903,
313,
29900,
29889,
29947,
29900,
8073,
511,
3464,
29871,
29900,
29889,
29953,
29953,
304,
29871,
29906,
29889,
29947,
29906,
8073,
29903,
29889,
13,
1523,
20941,
1546,
405,
29943,
1799,
322,
383,
1799,
13,
1576,
1819,
526,
297,
6137,
29871,
29906,
29892,
13964,
297,
6137,
29871,
29946,
322,
8632,
800,
297,
11479,
29871,
29906,
29889,
13,
2831,
278,
29871,
29946,
29955,
25269,
411,
405,
29943,
1799,
322,
29871,
29906,
29896,
411,
383,
1799,
29892,
727,
471,
694,
4328,
297,
278,
2362,
5570,
3171,
310,
448,
29906,
29889,
29945,
29955,
8073,
29903,
313,
29900,
29889,
29946,
29896,
8073,
29897,
23797,
448,
29906,
29889,
29945,
29929,
8073,
29903,
313,
29900,
29889,
29955,
29896,
8073,
29897,
313,
29886,
29892,
29871,
29900,
29889,
29929,
29906,
29906,
467,
450,
16157,
3171,
310,
448,
29900,
29889,
29945,
29946,
8073,
29903,
313,
29900,
29889,
29953,
29946,
8073,
511,
29871,
29896,
29955,
29941,
29889,
29896,
7477,
29892,
310,
278,
405,
29943,
1799,
25269,
471,
6133,
1135,
278,
16157,
3171,
310,
25269,
297,
383,
1799,
310,
448,
29896,
29889,
29896,
29946,
8073,
29903,
313,
29900,
29889,
29955,
29906,
8073,
29897,
29871,
29896,
29953,
29929,
29889,
29896,
7477,
313,
29886,
29892,
29871,
29900,
29889,
29900,
29900,
29941,
467,
3115,
278,
16379,
29950,
29892,
278,
4783,
29915,
29879,
3171,
322,
278,
11581,
297,
3171,
892,
6133,
297,
278,
405,
29943,
1799,
1135,
297,
278,
383,
1799,
29892,
6137,
29871,
29946,
29892,
411,
599,
278,
282,
1819,
310,
3109,
1135,
29871,
29900,
29889,
29900,
29900,
29906,
29889,
450,
16157,
3171,
11581,
363,
278,
29871,
29946,
29955,
405,
29943,
1799,
471,
29871,
29906,
29889,
29900,
29946,
8073,
29903,
313,
29900,
29889,
29953,
29946,
8073,
511,
3464,
29871,
29900,
29889,
29929,
29946,
304,
29871,
29941,
29889,
29929,
29906,
8073,
29903,
29892,
6133,
393,
278,
29871,
29896,
29889,
29946,
29945,
8073,
29903,
313,
29900,
29889,
29953,
29906,
8073,
511,
3464,
29871,
29900,
29889,
29906,
29929,
304,
29871,
29906,
29889,
29946,
29900,
8073,
29903,
29892,
363,
278,
29871,
29906,
29896,
383,
1799,
4344,
313,
29886,
29892,
29871,
29900,
29889,
29900,
29900,
29896,
467,
13,
8942,
2327,
2582,
892,
7625,
746,
278,
25269,
322,
24473,
892,
27831,
29892,
6137,
29871,
29946,
29889,
1670,
471,
694,
4328,
297,
278,
2362,
5570,
3171,
29879,
29892,
448,
29906,
29889,
29953,
29906,
8073,
29903,
313,
29900,
29889,
29953,
29900,
8073,
29897,
322,
448,
29906,
29889,
29945,
29929,
8073,
29903,
313,
29900,
29889,
29953,
29953,
11033,
511,
313,
29886,
29892,
1405,
29900,
29889,
29945,
511,
363,
278,
29871,
29953,
29941,
25269,
322,
24473,
411,
405,
29943,
1799,
322,
29871,
29906,
29945,
411,
383,
1799,
29889,
450,
16157,
3171,
310,
448,
29900,
29889,
29945,
29953,
8073,
29903,
313,
29900,
29889,
29953,
29945,
8073,
29897,
322,
16157,
3171,
11581,
310,
718,
29906,
29889,
29900,
29953,
8073,
29903,
313,
29900,
29889,
29955,
29946,
8073,
29897,
363,
278,
29871,
29953,
29941,
29892,
29871,
29946,
29955,
25269,
322,
29871,
29896,
29953,
24473,
29892,
411,
405,
29943,
1799,
892,
6133,
1135,
278,
16157,
3171,
310,
448,
29896,
29889,
29900,
29947,
8073,
29903,
313,
29900,
29889,
29947,
8073,
29897,
322,
16157,
3171,
11581,
310,
29871,
29896,
29889,
29945,
29896,
8073,
29903,
313,
29900,
29889,
29953,
29953,
8073,
29897,
363,
278,
29871,
29906,
29945,
29892,
29871,
29906,
29896,
25269,
322,
29871,
29946,
24473,
29892,
411,
383,
1799,
313,
29886,
30080,
29966,
30080,
29900,
29889,
29900,
29896,
322,
529,
29900,
29889,
29900,
29900,
29896,
29892,
8307,
467,
13,
1576,
16157,
3171,
11581,
14088,
278,
2933,
304,
14502,
322,
364,
4618,
515,
29871,
29900,
29889,
29906,
29929,
304,
29871,
29941,
29889,
29929,
29906,
8073,
29903,
29889,
450,
1197,
3097,
297,
278,
2933,
304,
14502,
411,
402,
29950
] | 2,695 | 6,144 | CommonCrawl | 14 | 10 |
in ISS is well known. This variability was seen in NFSS and FSS. Of interest, however, was that the response to treatment was less in FSS (0.29 to 2.4 SDS) than in NFSS (0.94 to 3.9 SDS).
For the females the number with FSS is small, 4, the result are probably not an accurate reflection of the group and statistics could be doubtful (false results). Nevertheless, comparisons with the 16 females with NFSS were made. The baseline height for the NFSS was equal to the FSS (p, 0.556). The MPH was higher in the NFSS +0.15 SDS (0.85 SD) than in the FSS, -1.49 SDS (0.45) (p, 0.001). There was no difference in the mother's heights, adult heights (159.9 cm vs 158.9 cm) or adult height gain (Table 4, all p values from 0.147 to 0.992).
Variability of the Response to Treatment with Growth Hormone
We definitely observed the variability in response. The AH gain of all the 88 children (males and females) was +1.9 SDS (0.76 SD) with a range for +0.29 to +4.13 SDS, quite a range, (95% CI 1.71 to 2.06). AH was -0.71 SDS (0.74 SD), that would give a range, ± 2 SD, of -2.19 SD to -0.77 SD (page 12). Range of Ahs could be seen in Additional file 3: Figure S2a, b, c, and Additional file 4: Figure S3a and b.
For the 68 males (non-familial and familial short stature), the AH gain was 1.86 SDS (0.69 SD) with a range of +0.29 to 3.92 SDS (95% CI, 1.69 to 2.03). The AH was -0.72 SDS (0.72 SD) giving a range of ± 2 SD of -2.16 to +0.72 SDS.
The AH gain for the 47 males with NFSS was 2.04 SDS (0.64 SD) with a range of 0.94 to 3.92 SDS. The AH gain for the 21 males with FSS was 1.45 SDS (0.62 SD) with a range of 0.29 to 2.40 SDS (p = 0.001).
The AH was -0.54 SDS (0.64 SD), for a range ± 2 SD of -1.82 to +0.74 SDS for the 47 males with NFSS. For the 21 males with FSS the AH was -1.14 SDS (0.72 SD) for a range of ± 2 SD of -2.58 to +0.3 SDS (p = 0.003).
The effect of puberty
The comparison of the values for different measures obtained for all the children with normal puberty and delayed puberty, males 68 and 20 females, in all the subgroups, NFSS and FSS, males and females are shown in Table 2. There was no difference in any of the values for the baseline height, MPH, father's height, mother's height, adult height, and gain in height, for any of the subgroups, for normal and delayed puberty cohorts; all the p values were more than 0.05. There was a difference, however, between NFSS and FSS for normal and delayed puberty.
The effect of age at start of treatment and duration of treatment
In the study of Rekers-Mombarg, et al. [48] comprising 132 children with ISS, the children declined gradually in growth from a length of -0.8 SDS in boys and -1.3 SDS in girls at birth, to a height of -2.7 SDS at 16 years in boys and 13 years in girls, | -0.833702 | 0.644337 | 0.539326 | 0.735272 | [
-0.728236826766855,
-0.939166842832664
] | [
0.796540904833938,
0.4921340460112859
] | [
0.4860650899671372,
0.5925872130332765
] | [
0.6858463703698213,
0.784698440563431
] | 1,024 | [
512,
512
] | [
297,
306,
1799,
338,
1532,
2998,
29889,
910,
1197,
3097,
471,
3595,
297,
405,
29943,
1799,
322,
383,
1799,
29889,
4587,
4066,
29892,
3138,
29892,
471,
393,
278,
2933,
304,
14502,
471,
3109,
297,
383,
1799,
313,
29900,
29889,
29906,
29929,
304,
29871,
29906,
29889,
29946,
8073,
29903,
29897,
1135,
297,
405,
29943,
1799,
313,
29900,
29889,
29929,
29946,
304,
29871,
29941,
29889,
29929,
8073,
29903,
467,
13,
2831,
278,
24473,
278,
1353,
411,
383,
1799,
338,
2319,
29892,
29871,
29946,
29892,
278,
1121,
526,
3117,
451,
385,
16232,
17842,
310,
278,
2318,
322,
13964,
1033,
367,
7404,
1319,
313,
4541,
2582,
467,
25678,
29892,
5734,
14125,
411,
278,
29871,
29896,
29953,
24473,
411,
405,
29943,
1799,
892,
1754,
29889,
450,
2362,
5570,
3171,
363,
278,
405,
29943,
1799,
471,
5186,
304,
278,
383,
1799,
313,
29886,
29892,
29871,
29900,
29889,
29945,
29945,
29953,
467,
450,
16379,
29950,
471,
6133,
297,
278,
405,
29943,
1799,
718,
29900,
29889,
29896,
29945,
8073,
29903,
313,
29900,
29889,
29947,
29945,
8073,
29897,
1135,
297,
278,
383,
1799,
29892,
448,
29896,
29889,
29946,
29929,
8073,
29903,
313,
29900,
29889,
29946,
29945,
29897,
313,
29886,
29892,
29871,
29900,
29889,
29900,
29900,
29896,
467,
1670,
471,
694,
4328,
297,
278,
5637,
29915,
29879,
3171,
29879,
29892,
16157,
3171,
29879,
313,
29896,
29945,
29929,
29889,
29929,
7477,
7186,
29871,
29896,
29945,
29947,
29889,
29929,
7477,
29897,
470,
16157,
3171,
11581,
313,
3562,
29871,
29946,
29892,
599,
282,
1819,
515,
29871,
29900,
29889,
29896,
29946,
29955,
304,
29871,
29900,
29889,
29929,
29929,
29906,
467,
13,
10444,
3097,
310,
278,
13291,
304,
6479,
271,
358,
411,
402,
798,
386,
379,
555,
650,
13,
4806,
11630,
8900,
278,
1197,
3097,
297,
2933,
29889,
450,
319,
29950,
11581,
310,
599,
278,
29871,
29947,
29947,
4344,
313,
29885,
2122,
322,
24473,
29897,
471,
718,
29896,
29889,
29929,
8073,
29903,
313,
29900,
29889,
29955,
29953,
8073,
29897,
411,
263,
3464,
363,
718,
29900,
29889,
29906,
29929,
304,
718,
29946,
29889,
29896,
29941,
8073,
29903,
29892,
3755,
263,
3464,
29892,
313,
29929,
29945,
29995,
25781,
29871,
29896,
29889,
29955,
29896,
304,
29871,
29906,
29889,
29900,
29953,
467,
319,
29950,
471,
448,
29900,
29889,
29955,
29896,
8073,
29903,
313,
29900,
29889,
29955,
29946,
8073,
511,
393,
723,
2367,
263,
3464,
29892,
29871,
30221,
29871,
29906,
8073,
29892,
310,
448,
29906,
29889,
29896,
29929,
8073,
304,
448,
29900,
29889,
29955,
29955,
8073,
313,
3488,
29871,
29896,
29906,
467,
12146,
310,
9070,
29879,
1033,
367,
3595,
297,
3462,
3245,
934,
29871,
29941,
29901,
11479,
317,
29906,
29874,
29892,
289,
29892,
274,
29892,
322,
3462,
3245,
934,
29871,
29946,
29901,
11479,
317,
29941,
29874,
322,
289,
29889,
13,
2831,
278,
29871,
29953,
29947,
25269,
313,
5464,
29899,
8302,
616,
322,
1832,
616,
3273,
1002,
545,
511,
278,
319,
29950,
11581,
471,
29871,
29896,
29889,
29947,
29953,
8073,
29903,
313,
29900,
29889,
29953,
29929,
8073,
29897,
411,
263,
3464,
310,
718,
29900,
29889,
29906,
29929,
304,
29871,
29941,
29889,
29929,
29906,
8073,
29903,
313,
29929,
29945,
29995,
25781,
29892,
29871,
29896,
29889,
29953,
29929,
304,
29871,
29906,
29889,
29900,
29941,
467,
450,
319,
29950,
471,
448,
29900,
29889,
29955,
29906,
8073,
29903,
313,
29900,
29889,
29955,
29906,
8073,
29897,
6820,
263,
3464,
310,
30080,
30221,
30080,
29906,
8073,
310,
448,
29906,
29889,
29896,
29953,
304,
718,
29900,
29889,
29955,
29906,
8073,
29903,
29889,
13,
1576,
319,
29950,
11581,
363,
278,
29871,
29946,
29955,
25269,
411,
405,
29943,
1799,
471,
29871,
29906,
29889,
29900,
29946,
8073,
29903,
313,
29900,
29889,
29953,
29946,
8073,
29897,
411,
263,
3464,
310,
29871,
29900,
29889,
29929,
29946,
304,
29871,
29941,
29889,
29929,
29906,
8073,
29903,
29889,
450,
319,
29950,
11581,
363,
278,
29871,
29906,
29896,
25269,
411,
383,
1799,
471,
29871,
29896,
29889,
29946,
29945,
8073,
29903,
313,
29900,
29889,
29953,
29906,
8073,
29897,
411,
263,
3464,
310,
29871,
29900,
29889,
29906,
29929,
304,
29871,
29906,
29889,
29946,
29900,
8073,
29903,
313,
29886,
30080,
29922,
30080,
29900,
29889,
29900,
29900,
29896,
467,
13,
1576,
319,
29950,
471,
448,
29900,
29889,
29945,
29946,
8073,
29903,
313,
29900,
29889,
29953,
29946,
8073,
511,
363,
263,
3464,
30080,
30221,
30080,
29906,
8073,
310,
448,
29896,
29889,
29947,
29906,
304,
718,
29900,
29889,
29955,
29946,
8073,
29903,
363,
278,
29871,
29946,
29955,
25269,
411,
405,
29943,
1799,
29889,
1152,
278,
29871,
29906,
29896,
25269,
411,
383,
1799,
278,
319,
29950,
471,
448,
29896,
29889,
29896,
29946,
8073,
29903,
313,
29900,
29889,
29955,
29906,
8073,
29897,
363,
263,
3464,
310,
30080,
30221,
30080,
29906,
8073,
310,
448,
29906,
29889,
29945,
29947,
304,
718,
29900,
29889,
29941,
8073,
29903,
313,
29886,
30080,
29922,
30080,
29900,
29889,
29900,
29900,
29941,
467,
13,
1576,
2779,
310,
2529,
814,
29891,
13,
1576,
10230,
310,
278,
1819,
363,
1422,
15366,
7625,
363,
599,
278,
4344,
411,
4226,
2529,
814,
29891,
322,
29801,
2529,
814,
29891,
29892,
25269,
29871,
29953,
29947,
322,
29871,
29906,
29900,
24473,
29892,
297,
599,
278,
1014,
13155,
29892,
405,
29943,
1799,
322,
383,
1799,
29892,
25269,
322,
24473,
526,
4318,
297,
6137,
29871,
29906,
29889,
1670,
471,
694,
4328,
297,
738,
310,
278,
1819,
363,
278,
2362,
5570,
3171,
29892,
16379,
29950,
29892,
4783,
29915,
29879,
3171,
29892,
5637,
29915,
29879,
3171,
29892,
16157,
3171,
29892,
322,
11581,
297,
3171,
29892,
363,
738,
310,
278,
1014,
13155,
29892,
363,
4226,
322,
29801,
2529,
814,
29891,
16165,
441,
29879,
29936,
599,
278,
282,
1819,
892,
901,
1135,
29871,
29900,
29889,
29900,
29945,
29889,
1670,
471,
263,
4328,
29892,
3138,
29892,
1546,
405,
29943,
1799,
322,
383,
1799,
363,
4226,
322,
29801,
2529,
814,
29891,
29889,
13,
1576,
2779,
310,
5046,
472,
1369,
310,
14502,
322,
14385,
310,
14502,
13,
797,
278,
6559,
310,
830,
29895,
414,
29899,
29924,
3424,
1191,
29892,
634,
394,
29889,
518,
29946,
29947,
29962,
7199,
5921,
29871,
29896,
29941,
29906,
4344,
411,
306,
1799,
29892,
278,
4344,
4845,
1312,
22020,
297,
14321,
515,
263,
3309,
310,
448,
29900,
29889,
29947,
8073,
29903,
297,
12544,
322,
448,
29896,
29889,
29941,
8073,
29903,
297,
14000,
472,
12060,
29892,
304,
263,
3171,
310,
448,
29906,
29889,
29955,
8073,
29903,
472,
29871,
29896,
29953,
2440,
297,
12544,
322,
29871,
29896,
29941,
2440,
297,
14000,
29892
] | 2,695 | 7,168 | CommonCrawl | 14 | 10 |
and increasing to a mean of -1.5 SDS in boys and -1.6 SDS in girls. The gain in SDS from childhood height to adult height (adult height gain) varied from 0.1 SDS (1.22 SD) at 3 years to 0.1 SDS (0.60 SD) at 14 years, and to 1.2 for boys at 16 years and 1.1 for girls at 13 years.
It became of interest to know if the changes that we observed in adult height and adult height gain of our treated subjects were somewhat related to age and not to treatment, even though we did not see differences in our children with normal puberty (usually younger) and those with delayed puberty (usually older). The effect of age on adult height and adult height gain in males with NFSS and FSS (for whom we had adequate numbers) is shown in Table 5. There was a significant difference in the age of children with NFSS with normal puberty (8.6 (2.7 SD) years) and delayed puberty (14.4 (1.0 SD) years) (p < 0.001), but there was no difference in the adult height or adult height gain (p >0.6 and >0.3, respectively).
Table 5 Effect of Age on Treated Children with ISS
Similarly, there was a significant difference in the age of children with FSS with normal puberty (10.3 (2.47 SD) years) and delayed puberty (14.1 (1.31 SD) years) (p < 0.001), but no difference in the adult height and adult height gain (p, 0.729 and 0.949, respectively).
In the 13 young females with NFSS, the adult height and adult height gain was the same as in young males with NFSS.
We correlated AH gain and age at the start of treatment and AH gain and duration of treatment in our 47 NFSS males and 21 FSS males, and there was no significant correlation (correlations shown in supplemental graphs in Additional file 5: Figure S4.
The gain in height is very variable for individuals and averages are not accurate or useful to predict the benefit that an individual will obtain. Based on the averages, Table 5, a male with delayed puberty and NFSS with treatment for 3.5 years could gain 2.11 SDS (16 cm in the USA). The gain in height depends on the pubertal growth, benefit of growth hormone, and bone age. In the aforementioned case, Table 5, depending on the age, bone age, progress of bone age, pubertal growth, and growth hormone response, the gain in height could range from 1.3 SDS to 3.9 SDS (10 to 29 cm). The only way that we could inform the subjects of the benefit that he or she could obtain, is the way that we do it now. Based on the height and the bone age, the predicted adult height is obtained. The subject can be informed that based on our experience, growth hormone should be of benefit to him or her, to improve the adult height. The benefit could be 5 cm, 7.5, 10 cm or more but cannot be predicted exactly, because it depends on the response to treatment, progress of bone age, and years of treatment. Then the provider and the subject decide whether treatment is continued to attain the maximum height or ended when he or she is satisfied with the height.
Analysis of intent to treat to adult height
Children were observed for a period of time prior to treatment, so that their growth rates could be assessed. In a retrospective review we could know the children who were lost to follow up and, consequently, analyze their growth rates prior to and during treatment.
Growth rates determined for less than 6 months were not included. The growth rates in centimeters per year and the change in the height SDS, prior to treatment, on treatment prior to puberty, and on treatment during the first two years of puberty were not different for treated children lost to follow-up and for those treated to adult height, (p >0.05) (Figure 3 and Table 6). Thus, there was no bias on the reported effect of GH on children treated to adult height.
(Analysis of intent to treat).
Table 6 Analysis of Intent to Treat to Adult Height | -0.272306 | 0.664034 | 1.25201 | 0.971997 | [
-0.4501927146801066,
-0.09441952199767854
] | [
0.6747781613048772,
0.6532906183291606
] | [
1.0947629360593618,
1.409256823207011
] | [
0.8471313270015002,
1.096862872753777
] | 1,024 | [
512,
512
] | [
322,
10231,
304,
263,
2099,
310,
448,
29896,
29889,
29945,
8073,
29903,
297,
12544,
322,
448,
29896,
29889,
29953,
8073,
29903,
297,
14000,
29889,
450,
11581,
297,
8073,
29903,
515,
2278,
6614,
3171,
304,
16157,
3171,
313,
328,
499,
3171,
11581,
29897,
23821,
515,
29871,
29900,
29889,
29896,
8073,
29903,
313,
29896,
29889,
29906,
29906,
8073,
29897,
472,
29871,
29941,
2440,
304,
29871,
29900,
29889,
29896,
8073,
29903,
313,
29900,
29889,
29953,
29900,
8073,
29897,
472,
29871,
29896,
29946,
2440,
29892,
322,
304,
29871,
29896,
29889,
29906,
363,
12544,
472,
29871,
29896,
29953,
2440,
322,
29871,
29896,
29889,
29896,
363,
14000,
472,
29871,
29896,
29941,
2440,
29889,
13,
3112,
3897,
310,
4066,
304,
1073,
565,
278,
3620,
393,
591,
8900,
297,
16157,
3171,
322,
16157,
3171,
11581,
310,
1749,
14914,
17800,
892,
10579,
4475,
304,
5046,
322,
451,
304,
14502,
29892,
1584,
2466,
591,
1258,
451,
1074,
12651,
297,
1749,
4344,
411,
4226,
2529,
814,
29891,
313,
375,
1474,
20023,
29897,
322,
1906,
411,
29801,
2529,
814,
29891,
313,
375,
1474,
9642,
467,
450,
2779,
310,
5046,
373,
16157,
3171,
322,
16157,
3171,
11581,
297,
25269,
411,
405,
29943,
1799,
322,
383,
1799,
313,
1454,
6029,
591,
750,
19967,
339,
403,
3694,
29897,
338,
4318,
297,
6137,
29871,
29945,
29889,
1670,
471,
263,
7282,
4328,
297,
278,
5046,
310,
4344,
411,
405,
29943,
1799,
411,
4226,
2529,
814,
29891,
313,
29947,
29889,
29953,
313,
29906,
29889,
29955,
8073,
29897,
2440,
29897,
322,
29801,
2529,
814,
29891,
313,
29896,
29946,
29889,
29946,
313,
29896,
29889,
29900,
8073,
29897,
2440,
29897,
313,
29886,
30080,
29966,
30080,
29900,
29889,
29900,
29900,
29896,
511,
541,
727,
471,
694,
4328,
297,
278,
16157,
3171,
470,
16157,
3171,
11581,
313,
29886,
1405,
29900,
29889,
29953,
322,
1405,
29900,
29889,
29941,
29892,
8307,
467,
13,
3562,
29871,
29945,
26475,
310,
16767,
373,
6479,
630,
20986,
411,
306,
1799,
13,
8942,
2327,
368,
29892,
727,
471,
263,
7282,
4328,
297,
278,
5046,
310,
4344,
411,
383,
1799,
411,
4226,
2529,
814,
29891,
313,
29896,
29900,
29889,
29941,
313,
29906,
29889,
29946,
29955,
8073,
29897,
2440,
29897,
322,
29801,
2529,
814,
29891,
313,
29896,
29946,
29889,
29896,
313,
29896,
29889,
29941,
29896,
8073,
29897,
2440,
29897,
313,
29886,
30080,
29966,
30080,
29900,
29889,
29900,
29900,
29896,
511,
541,
694,
4328,
297,
278,
16157,
3171,
322,
16157,
3171,
11581,
313,
29886,
29892,
29871,
29900,
29889,
29955,
29906,
29929,
322,
29871,
29900,
29889,
29929,
29946,
29929,
29892,
8307,
467,
13,
797,
278,
29871,
29896,
29941,
4123,
24473,
411,
405,
29943,
1799,
29892,
278,
16157,
3171,
322,
16157,
3171,
11581,
471,
278,
1021,
408,
297,
4123,
25269,
411,
405,
29943,
1799,
29889,
13,
4806,
8855,
630,
319,
29950,
11581,
322,
5046,
472,
278,
1369,
310,
14502,
322,
319,
29950,
11581,
322,
14385,
310,
14502,
297,
1749,
29871,
29946,
29955,
405,
29943,
1799,
25269,
322,
29871,
29906,
29896,
383,
1799,
25269,
29892,
322,
727,
471,
694,
7282,
19869,
313,
2616,
2674,
800,
4318,
297,
1462,
944,
284,
18445,
297,
3462,
3245,
934,
29871,
29945,
29901,
11479,
317,
29946,
29889,
13,
1576,
11581,
297,
3171,
338,
1407,
2286,
363,
15724,
322,
4759,
1179,
526,
451,
16232,
470,
5407,
304,
8500,
278,
14169,
393,
385,
5375,
674,
4017,
29889,
16564,
373,
278,
4759,
1179,
29892,
6137,
29871,
29945,
29892,
263,
14263,
411,
29801,
2529,
814,
29891,
322,
405,
29943,
1799,
411,
14502,
363,
29871,
29941,
29889,
29945,
2440,
1033,
11581,
29871,
29906,
29889,
29896,
29896,
8073,
29903,
313,
29896,
29953,
7477,
297,
278,
8278,
467,
450,
11581,
297,
3171,
7111,
373,
278,
2529,
814,
284,
14321,
29892,
14169,
310,
14321,
298,
555,
650,
29892,
322,
289,
650,
5046,
29889,
512,
278,
263,
1454,
882,
28487,
1206,
29892,
6137,
29871,
29945,
29892,
8679,
373,
278,
5046,
29892,
289,
650,
5046,
29892,
6728,
310,
289,
650,
5046,
29892,
2529,
814,
284,
14321,
29892,
322,
14321,
298,
555,
650,
2933,
29892,
278,
11581,
297,
3171,
1033,
3464,
515,
29871,
29896,
29889,
29941,
8073,
29903,
304,
29871,
29941,
29889,
29929,
8073,
29903,
313,
29896,
29900,
304,
29871,
29906,
29929,
7477,
467,
450,
871,
982,
393,
591,
1033,
1871,
278,
17800,
310,
278,
14169,
393,
540,
470,
1183,
1033,
4017,
29892,
338,
278,
982,
393,
591,
437,
372,
1286,
29889,
16564,
373,
278,
3171,
322,
278,
289,
650,
5046,
29892,
278,
25383,
16157,
3171,
338,
7625,
29889,
450,
4967,
508,
367,
23388,
393,
2729,
373,
1749,
7271,
29892,
14321,
298,
555,
650,
881,
367,
310,
14169,
304,
1075,
470,
902,
29892,
304,
11157,
278,
16157,
3171,
29889,
450,
14169,
1033,
367,
29871,
29945,
7477,
29892,
29871,
29955,
29889,
29945,
29892,
29871,
29896,
29900,
7477,
470,
901,
541,
2609,
367,
25383,
3721,
29892,
1363,
372,
7111,
373,
278,
2933,
304,
14502,
29892,
6728,
310,
289,
650,
5046,
29892,
322,
2440,
310,
14502,
29889,
1987,
278,
13113,
322,
278,
4967,
11097,
3692,
14502,
338,
7572,
304,
1098,
475,
278,
7472,
3171,
470,
9698,
746,
540,
470,
1183,
338,
15787,
411,
278,
3171,
29889,
13,
21067,
4848,
310,
7609,
304,
7539,
304,
16157,
3171,
13,
19334,
892,
8900,
363,
263,
3785,
310,
931,
7536,
304,
14502,
29892,
577,
393,
1009,
14321,
19257,
1033,
367,
1223,
11517,
29889,
512,
263,
3240,
1883,
12645,
9076,
591,
1033,
1073,
278,
4344,
1058,
892,
5714,
304,
1101,
701,
322,
29892,
14161,
2705,
29892,
27599,
1009,
14321,
19257,
7536,
304,
322,
2645,
14502,
29889,
13,
29954,
798,
386,
19257,
10087,
363,
3109,
1135,
29871,
29953,
7378,
892,
451,
5134,
29889,
450,
14321,
19257,
297,
1644,
326,
2699,
639,
1629,
322,
278,
1735,
297,
278,
3171,
8073,
29903,
29892,
7536,
304,
14502,
29892,
373,
14502,
7536,
304,
2529,
814,
29891,
29892,
322,
373,
14502,
2645,
278,
937,
1023,
2440,
310,
2529,
814,
29891,
892,
451,
1422,
363,
14914,
4344,
5714,
304,
1101,
29899,
786,
322,
363,
1906,
14914,
304,
16157,
3171,
29892,
313,
29886,
1405,
29900,
29889,
29900,
29945,
29897,
313,
13080,
545,
29871,
29941,
322,
6137,
29871,
29953,
467,
6549,
29892,
727,
471,
694,
24003,
373,
278,
8967,
2779,
310,
402,
29950,
373,
4344,
14914,
304,
16157,
3171,
29889,
13,
29898,
21067,
4848,
310,
7609,
304,
7539,
467,
13,
3562,
29871,
29953,
24352,
310,
11171,
304,
6479,
271,
304,
2087,
499,
22907
] | 2,695 | 8,192 | CommonCrawl | 14 | 10 |
Treatment Response with rhGH
Safety and IGF-1 levels
Complaints of myalgia or arthralgia of the legs early in the treatment, which promptly subsided without adjustment of the GH dose, were very rare. Two of the 123 children had a low serum TSH and free T4 (subclinical hypothyroidism) and were treated with levothyroxine, which was discontinued after cessation of treatment.
There were no other side effects.
Concerns have been raised on the possibility of side effects in the future from high levels of IGF-1 because of its mitogenic effect [16, 59]. Therefore, it became of interest to know the levels of IGF-1 with treatment. The levels of IGF-1 prior to treatment, during treatment for different stages of puberty, and after treatment are illustrated in Figure 4 and Table 7. Except for a few, all the values were within the range expected for the pubertal stage. Only 8.4% of the values (20 out of 237) (19 out of 198, 9.6% for the males and 2.5%, 1 out of 39, for the females) exceeded the normal range at one time during the treatment. These values are less than those reported in patients with growth hormone deficiency treated with 0.24 mg/kg/week. Seventeen percent of the values were higher than 2 SD after 2 years of treatment [60].
IGF-1 levels pretreatment, during GH treatment & post treatment. Serum levels of IGF-1 before, during and after treatment with rhGH: A. relative to gonadal stage in males and B. relative to breast developmental stage in females.
Table 7 IGF-1
Benefit obtained by treatment
One of the limitations of our study is the lack of controls. Fortunately, there are, presently, a number of randomized and nonrandomized controlled studies that would permit assessment of the benefit, by comparisons of the adult height attained and AH gain in our treated children with those of historical untreated controls.
The adult height and adult height gain (AH minus Baseline height) are measurements that the investigators obtain and should be more accurate than comparisons based on attainments of PAH or MPH (see later). MPH was not used to calculate benefit of treatment.
The adult height gain corrects for baseline differences in the different studies in treated subjects and controls, provides information on the benefit of treatment, and permits comparison of groups not matched for baseline heights.
The comparison of adult heights provides also information on the benefit, and when the baselines heights are not different or the AHs are corrected for baseline heights differences, yields the same results as the adult height gain.
The reports on SDS permit comparisons of different populations and calculation of the benefit in centimeters based on the centimeters for SD of adults in a particular population. In this presentation we used 6.75 cm for males and 6.14 cm for females for SD of adult height, the numbers from the US National Health Statistics of 1977. The benefit in centimeters would be different in different populations depending on the centimeters for SD of adults.
Adult height and adult height gain of treated children in our study versus published untreated controls. In Figure 5 the adult height of 305 untreated controls, mean SDS and 95% CI, from 9 (3 randomized and 6 nonrandomized) controlled studies, and the adult height, mean SDS and 95% CI, of our 88 treated children are illustrated.
ISS. Adult height of controls of published studies versus adult height of treated children in our study.
In Figure 6 are similar comparisons for the adult height gain (mean SDS and 95% CI) for the controls and for our treated subjects. The numbers for the different studies for the baseline, adult height and adult height gain of controls and our treated subjects are in Table 8.A glance at the Figures 5 and 6 clearly shows that there is a significant benefit from treatment.
ISS. Adult height gain of controls of published studies versus adult height gain of treated children in our study.
Table 8 Baseline, Adult height, & Adult height Gain of controls (Mean SDS & 95% CI) in Published studies and of Treated Children in Our Study
The benefit from treatment | -0.223618 | 0.789378 | 1.25201 | 1.180107 | [
-0.14839329437166096,
-0.2988435797757435
] | [
0.7822158761834603,
0.796540904833938
] | [
1.003458259145528,
1.5005615001208448
] | [
1.2217286456299155,
1.1384847970458232
] | 1,024 | [
512,
512
] | [
6479,
271,
358,
13291,
411,
18178,
29954,
29950,
13,
29903,
2142,
3305,
322,
306,
29954,
29943,
29899,
29896,
11174,
13,
6843,
433,
9466,
310,
590,
9564,
423,
470,
564,
386,
1705,
13723,
310,
278,
21152,
4688,
297,
278,
14502,
29892,
607,
9508,
368,
11684,
2618,
1728,
10365,
358,
310,
278,
402,
29950,
437,
344,
29892,
892,
1407,
10812,
29889,
7803,
310,
278,
29871,
29896,
29906,
29941,
4344,
750,
263,
4482,
724,
398,
323,
7068,
322,
3889,
323,
29946,
313,
1491,
695,
262,
936,
13752,
29891,
1007,
1608,
29897,
322,
892,
14914,
411,
14453,
20336,
307,
29916,
457,
29892,
607,
471,
766,
1285,
262,
6742,
1156,
274,
404,
362,
310,
14502,
29889,
13,
8439,
892,
694,
916,
2625,
9545,
29889,
13,
1168,
29883,
824,
29879,
505,
1063,
10425,
373,
278,
13331,
310,
2625,
9545,
297,
278,
5434,
515,
1880,
11174,
310,
306,
29954,
29943,
29899,
29896,
1363,
310,
967,
1380,
6352,
293,
2779,
518,
29896,
29953,
29892,
29871,
29945,
29929,
1822,
7857,
29892,
372,
3897,
310,
4066,
304,
1073,
278,
11174,
310,
306,
29954,
29943,
29899,
29896,
411,
14502,
29889,
450,
11174,
310,
306,
29954,
29943,
29899,
29896,
7536,
304,
14502,
29892,
2645,
14502,
363,
1422,
22950,
310,
2529,
814,
29891,
29892,
322,
1156,
14502,
526,
26848,
297,
11479,
29871,
29946,
322,
6137,
29871,
29955,
29889,
1222,
1547,
363,
263,
2846,
29892,
599,
278,
1819,
892,
2629,
278,
3464,
3806,
363,
278,
2529,
814,
284,
7408,
29889,
9333,
29871,
29947,
29889,
29946,
29995,
310,
278,
1819,
313,
29906,
29900,
714,
310,
29871,
29906,
29941,
29955,
29897,
313,
29896,
29929,
714,
310,
29871,
29896,
29929,
29947,
29892,
29871,
29929,
29889,
29953,
29995,
363,
278,
25269,
322,
29871,
29906,
29889,
29945,
13667,
29871,
29896,
714,
310,
29871,
29941,
29929,
29892,
363,
278,
24473,
29897,
13461,
287,
278,
4226,
3464,
472,
697,
931,
2645,
278,
14502,
29889,
4525,
1819,
526,
3109,
1135,
1906,
8967,
297,
22069,
411,
14321,
298,
555,
650,
822,
293,
13396,
14914,
411,
29871,
29900,
29889,
29906,
29946,
286,
29887,
29914,
9415,
29914,
18448,
29889,
922,
794,
27294,
10151,
310,
278,
1819,
892,
6133,
1135,
29871,
29906,
8073,
1156,
29871,
29906,
2440,
310,
14502,
518,
29953,
29900,
1822,
13,
6259,
29943,
29899,
29896,
11174,
758,
2484,
271,
358,
29892,
2645,
402,
29950,
14502,
669,
1400,
14502,
29889,
1816,
398,
11174,
310,
306,
29954,
29943,
29899,
29896,
1434,
29892,
2645,
322,
1156,
14502,
411,
18178,
29954,
29950,
29901,
319,
29889,
6198,
304,
330,
265,
27283,
7408,
297,
25269,
322,
350,
29889,
6198,
304,
24207,
5849,
284,
7408,
297,
24473,
29889,
13,
3562,
29871,
29955,
306,
29954,
29943,
29899,
29896,
13,
20841,
1389,
277,
7625,
491,
14502,
13,
6716,
310,
278,
27028,
310,
1749,
6559,
338,
278,
10225,
310,
11761,
29889,
7236,
348,
2486,
29892,
727,
526,
29892,
28681,
29892,
263,
1353,
310,
4036,
1891,
322,
1661,
8172,
1891,
20704,
11898,
393,
723,
14257,
24809,
358,
310,
278,
14169,
29892,
491,
5734,
14125,
310,
278,
16157,
3171,
1098,
7114,
322,
319,
29950,
11581,
297,
1749,
14914,
4344,
411,
1906,
310,
15839,
443,
2484,
630,
11761,
29889,
13,
1576,
16157,
3171,
322,
16157,
3171,
11581,
313,
29909,
29950,
26134,
4886,
5570,
3171,
29897,
526,
20398,
393,
278,
7405,
4097,
4017,
322,
881,
367,
901,
16232,
1135,
5734,
14125,
2729,
373,
1098,
475,
1860,
310,
17687,
29950,
470,
16379,
29950,
313,
4149,
2678,
467,
16379,
29950,
471,
451,
1304,
304,
8147,
14169,
310,
14502,
29889,
13,
1576,
16157,
3171,
11581,
1959,
29879,
363,
2362,
5570,
12651,
297,
278,
1422,
11898,
297,
14914,
17800,
322,
11761,
29892,
8128,
2472,
373,
278,
14169,
310,
14502,
29892,
322,
3635,
1169,
10230,
310,
6471,
451,
19228,
363,
2362,
5570,
3171,
29879,
29889,
13,
1576,
10230,
310,
16157,
3171,
29879,
8128,
884,
2472,
373,
278,
14169,
29892,
322,
746,
278,
2362,
24210,
3171,
29879,
526,
451,
1422,
470,
278,
319,
29950,
29879,
526,
24114,
363,
2362,
5570,
3171,
29879,
12651,
29892,
17498,
278,
1021,
2582,
408,
278,
16157,
3171,
11581,
29889,
13,
1576,
13676,
373,
8073,
29903,
14257,
5734,
14125,
310,
1422,
23093,
322,
13944,
310,
278,
14169,
297,
1644,
326,
2699,
2729,
373,
278,
1644,
326,
2699,
363,
8073,
310,
16157,
29879,
297,
263,
3153,
4665,
29889,
512,
445,
24329,
591,
1304,
29871,
29953,
29889,
29955,
29945,
7477,
363,
25269,
322,
29871,
29953,
29889,
29896,
29946,
7477,
363,
24473,
363,
8073,
310,
16157,
3171,
29892,
278,
3694,
515,
278,
3148,
3086,
15202,
27098,
310,
29871,
29896,
29929,
29955,
29955,
29889,
450,
14169,
297,
1644,
326,
2699,
723,
367,
1422,
297,
1422,
23093,
8679,
373,
278,
1644,
326,
2699,
363,
8073,
310,
16157,
29879,
29889,
13,
3253,
499,
3171,
322,
16157,
3171,
11581,
310,
14914,
4344,
297,
1749,
6559,
23797,
6369,
443,
2484,
630,
11761,
29889,
512,
11479,
29871,
29945,
278,
16157,
3171,
310,
29871,
29941,
29900,
29945,
443,
2484,
630,
11761,
29892,
2099,
8073,
29903,
322,
29871,
29929,
29945,
29995,
25781,
29892,
515,
29871,
29929,
313,
29941,
4036,
1891,
322,
29871,
29953,
1661,
8172,
1891,
29897,
20704,
11898,
29892,
322,
278,
16157,
3171,
29892,
2099,
8073,
29903,
322,
29871,
29929,
29945,
29995,
25781,
29892,
310,
1749,
29871,
29947,
29947,
14914,
4344,
526,
26848,
29889,
13,
29902,
1799,
29889,
2087,
499,
3171,
310,
11761,
310,
6369,
11898,
23797,
16157,
3171,
310,
14914,
4344,
297,
1749,
6559,
29889,
13,
797,
11479,
29871,
29953,
526,
2788,
5734,
14125,
363,
278,
16157,
3171,
11581,
313,
12676,
8073,
29903,
322,
29871,
29929,
29945,
29995,
25781,
29897,
363,
278,
11761,
322,
363,
1749,
14914,
17800,
29889,
450,
3694,
363,
278,
1422,
11898,
363,
278,
2362,
5570,
29892,
16157,
3171,
322,
16157,
3171,
11581,
310,
11761,
322,
1749,
14914,
17800,
526,
297,
6137,
29871,
29947,
29889,
29909,
21798,
472,
278,
5104,
1973,
29871,
29945,
322,
29871,
29953,
9436,
3697,
393,
727,
338,
263,
7282,
14169,
515,
14502,
29889,
13,
29902,
1799,
29889,
2087,
499,
3171,
11581,
310,
11761,
310,
6369,
11898,
23797,
16157,
3171,
11581,
310,
14914,
4344,
297,
1749,
6559,
29889,
13,
3562,
29871,
29947,
4886,
5570,
29892,
2087,
499,
3171,
29892,
669,
2087,
499,
3171,
402,
475,
310,
11761,
313,
6816,
273,
8073,
29903,
669,
29871,
29929,
29945,
29995,
25781,
29897,
297,
8042,
3726,
11898,
322,
310,
6479,
630,
20986,
297,
8680,
29301,
13,
1576,
14169,
515,
14502
] | 2,695 | 9,216 | CommonCrawl | 14 | 10 |
for the adult height for our children (-0.71 SDS) versus the AH (-2.16 SDS) of the controls of the 9 studies, Table 8, was + 1.45 SDS with a range of +1.17 SDS to +1.69 SDS (an average of 9.8 cm for males with a range of 7.9 to 11.4 cm and an average of 8.9 cm for females with a range of 7.2 to 10.3 cm).
The analysis of the adult height gain, Table 8, showed somewhat similar results. The gain of controls in the 9 studies was, on the average, +0.49 SDS (with a range of 0.18 to 0.8 SDS). In our treated children the gain was on the average +1.90 SDS for a difference with controls of +1.41 SDS, range +1.1 to +1.72 SDS (9.5 cm for males with a range of 7.4 to 11.6 cm and 8.6 cm for females, with a range of 6.7 to 10.5 cm).
The average baseline height of the 9 published studies, Table 8, was -2.66 SDS, not different than in our study -2.61 (±0.62) SDS. The baseline of 5 of the 9 studies was not different than ours p >0.1 or >0.5; in two it was higher and in two lower.
In the study of Rekers-Mombarg et al. [48] on the height outcomes of untreated children with ISS, the adult height of 48 NFSS boys of -1.74 SDS (0.91 SD) was 8.3 cm (95% CI, 7.1 to 9.5 cm), less than their target height. The adult height of our 47 treated NFSS boys of -0.54 SDS (0.64 SD) was equal to the target height, suggesting that our treated boys gained 8.3 cm. Actually, the adult height of our 47 NFSS boys of -0.54 SDS (0.64 SD) (95% CI, -0.35 to -0.73) was 1.2 SDS, 8.1 cm (6.8 to 9.3 cm) higher than the adult height of the untreated boys, indicating the benefit obtained by treatment. This benefit of 8.1 cm (6.8 to 9.3 cm) is similar to the benefit found by comparison with other studies and adds confidence in the results of our comparisons.
Comparisons of our results with published Adult Heights of controls and treated children.
Table 9 shows the benefit of different doses of growth hormone on the adult height. In published studies the benefit obtained in adult height was usually less than 4 cm over controls with doses of less than 0.3 mg/kg/week. And it was more than 5 cm (6.8, 7.4, 7.5) with doses of 0.3 or more mg/kg/week.
Table 9 Comparison of Our Results with Published Adult Heights of Controls & Treated Children
In our study, the benefit with a dose of 0.32 (±0.03 SD) mg/kg/week was 9.8 cm for males and 8.9 cm for females, about 5 cm to 6 cm more than the 4 cm in published studies treated with less than 0.3 mg/kg/week, but, in the range, only 1.5 or 1.35 cm more than in those treated with 0.3 or more mg/kg/week.
Comparisons of NFSS and FSS, treated and controls.
There have been only 2 studies comparing NFSS and FSS, the one by Wit et al. [9] and by Albertsson-Wikland et al. [3], Table 10.
Table 10 Baseline, Adult height, & Adult height gain of controls (Mean SDS & 95% CI) in Published Studies of NFSS & FSS and of Treated Children in Our Study
The benefit in adult height gain (that corrects for differences in baseline heights) of our treated children were higher than the adult height gain of the controls in the published studies | -0.647426 | 0.477809 | 0.57737 | 0.821118 | [
-0.9939538599926145,
-0.3008980929192417
] | [
0.24502730179054474,
0.7105907329310716
] | [
0.16142623871795075,
0.993313295043991
] | [
0.7326710351983733,
0.9095642134395694
] | 1,024 | [
512,
512
] | [
363,
278,
16157,
3171,
363,
1749,
4344,
8521,
29900,
29889,
29955,
29896,
8073,
29903,
29897,
23797,
278,
319,
29950,
8521,
29906,
29889,
29896,
29953,
8073,
29903,
29897,
310,
278,
11761,
310,
278,
29871,
29929,
11898,
29892,
6137,
29871,
29947,
29892,
471,
30080,
29974,
30080,
29896,
29889,
29946,
29945,
8073,
29903,
411,
263,
3464,
310,
718,
29896,
29889,
29896,
29955,
8073,
29903,
304,
718,
29896,
29889,
29953,
29929,
8073,
29903,
313,
273,
6588,
310,
29871,
29929,
29889,
29947,
7477,
363,
25269,
411,
263,
3464,
310,
29871,
29955,
29889,
29929,
304,
29871,
29896,
29896,
29889,
29946,
7477,
322,
385,
6588,
310,
29871,
29947,
29889,
29929,
7477,
363,
24473,
411,
263,
3464,
310,
29871,
29955,
29889,
29906,
304,
29871,
29896,
29900,
29889,
29941,
7477,
467,
13,
1576,
7418,
310,
278,
16157,
3171,
11581,
29892,
6137,
29871,
29947,
29892,
10018,
10579,
2788,
2582,
29889,
450,
11581,
310,
11761,
297,
278,
29871,
29929,
11898,
471,
29892,
373,
278,
6588,
29892,
718,
29900,
29889,
29946,
29929,
8073,
29903,
313,
2541,
263,
3464,
310,
29871,
29900,
29889,
29896,
29947,
304,
29871,
29900,
29889,
29947,
8073,
29903,
467,
512,
1749,
14914,
4344,
278,
11581,
471,
373,
278,
6588,
718,
29896,
29889,
29929,
29900,
8073,
29903,
363,
263,
4328,
411,
11761,
310,
718,
29896,
29889,
29946,
29896,
8073,
29903,
29892,
3464,
718,
29896,
29889,
29896,
304,
718,
29896,
29889,
29955,
29906,
8073,
29903,
313,
29929,
29889,
29945,
7477,
363,
25269,
411,
263,
3464,
310,
29871,
29955,
29889,
29946,
304,
29871,
29896,
29896,
29889,
29953,
7477,
322,
29871,
29947,
29889,
29953,
7477,
363,
24473,
29892,
411,
263,
3464,
310,
29871,
29953,
29889,
29955,
304,
29871,
29896,
29900,
29889,
29945,
7477,
467,
13,
1576,
6588,
2362,
5570,
3171,
310,
278,
29871,
29929,
6369,
11898,
29892,
6137,
29871,
29947,
29892,
471,
448,
29906,
29889,
29953,
29953,
8073,
29903,
29892,
451,
1422,
1135,
297,
1749,
6559,
448,
29906,
29889,
29953,
29896,
313,
30221,
29900,
29889,
29953,
29906,
29897,
8073,
29903,
29889,
450,
2362,
5570,
310,
29871,
29945,
310,
278,
29871,
29929,
11898,
471,
451,
1422,
1135,
1749,
29879,
282,
1405,
29900,
29889,
29896,
470,
1405,
29900,
29889,
29945,
29936,
297,
1023,
372,
471,
6133,
322,
297,
1023,
5224,
29889,
13,
797,
278,
6559,
310,
830,
29895,
414,
29899,
29924,
3424,
1191,
634,
394,
29889,
518,
29946,
29947,
29962,
373,
278,
3171,
714,
26807,
310,
443,
2484,
630,
4344,
411,
306,
1799,
29892,
278,
16157,
3171,
310,
29871,
29946,
29947,
405,
29943,
1799,
12544,
310,
448,
29896,
29889,
29955,
29946,
8073,
29903,
313,
29900,
29889,
29929,
29896,
8073,
29897,
471,
29871,
29947,
29889,
29941,
7477,
313,
29929,
29945,
29995,
25781,
29892,
29871,
29955,
29889,
29896,
304,
29871,
29929,
29889,
29945,
7477,
511,
3109,
1135,
1009,
3646,
3171,
29889,
450,
16157,
3171,
310,
1749,
29871,
29946,
29955,
14914,
405,
29943,
1799,
12544,
310,
448,
29900,
29889,
29945,
29946,
8073,
29903,
313,
29900,
29889,
29953,
29946,
8073,
29897,
471,
5186,
304,
278,
3646,
3171,
29892,
26233,
393,
1749,
14914,
12544,
17515,
29871,
29947,
29889,
29941,
7477,
29889,
12823,
29892,
278,
16157,
3171,
310,
1749,
29871,
29946,
29955,
405,
29943,
1799,
12544,
310,
448,
29900,
29889,
29945,
29946,
8073,
29903,
313,
29900,
29889,
29953,
29946,
8073,
29897,
313,
29929,
29945,
29995,
25781,
29892,
448,
29900,
29889,
29941,
29945,
304,
448,
29900,
29889,
29955,
29941,
29897,
471,
29871,
29896,
29889,
29906,
8073,
29903,
29892,
29871,
29947,
29889,
29896,
7477,
313,
29953,
29889,
29947,
304,
29871,
29929,
29889,
29941,
7477,
29897,
6133,
1135,
278,
16157,
3171,
310,
278,
443,
2484,
630,
12544,
29892,
23941,
278,
14169,
7625,
491,
14502,
29889,
910,
14169,
310,
29871,
29947,
29889,
29896,
7477,
313,
29953,
29889,
29947,
304,
29871,
29929,
29889,
29941,
7477,
29897,
338,
2788,
304,
278,
14169,
1476,
491,
10230,
411,
916,
11898,
322,
12778,
16420,
297,
278,
2582,
310,
1749,
5734,
14125,
29889,
13,
1523,
862,
14125,
310,
1749,
2582,
411,
6369,
2087,
499,
940,
5861,
310,
11761,
322,
14914,
4344,
29889,
13,
3562,
29871,
29929,
3697,
278,
14169,
310,
1422,
3248,
267,
310,
14321,
298,
555,
650,
373,
278,
16157,
3171,
29889,
512,
6369,
11898,
278,
14169,
7625,
297,
16157,
3171,
471,
5491,
3109,
1135,
29871,
29946,
7477,
975,
11761,
411,
3248,
267,
310,
3109,
1135,
29871,
29900,
29889,
29941,
286,
29887,
29914,
9415,
29914,
18448,
29889,
1126,
372,
471,
901,
1135,
29871,
29945,
7477,
313,
29953,
29889,
29947,
29892,
29871,
29955,
29889,
29946,
29892,
29871,
29955,
29889,
29945,
29897,
411,
3248,
267,
310,
29871,
29900,
29889,
29941,
470,
901,
286,
29887,
29914,
9415,
29914,
18448,
29889,
13,
3562,
29871,
29929,
422,
20941,
310,
8680,
17212,
411,
8042,
3726,
2087,
499,
940,
5861,
310,
11264,
29879,
669,
6479,
630,
20986,
13,
797,
1749,
6559,
29892,
278,
14169,
411,
263,
437,
344,
310,
29871,
29900,
29889,
29941,
29906,
313,
30221,
29900,
29889,
29900,
29941,
8073,
29897,
286,
29887,
29914,
9415,
29914,
18448,
471,
29871,
29929,
29889,
29947,
7477,
363,
25269,
322,
29871,
29947,
29889,
29929,
7477,
363,
24473,
29892,
1048,
29871,
29945,
7477,
304,
29871,
29953,
7477,
901,
1135,
278,
29871,
29946,
7477,
297,
6369,
11898,
14914,
411,
3109,
1135,
29871,
29900,
29889,
29941,
286,
29887,
29914,
9415,
29914,
18448,
29892,
541,
29892,
297,
278,
3464,
29892,
871,
29871,
29896,
29889,
29945,
470,
29871,
29896,
29889,
29941,
29945,
7477,
901,
1135,
297,
1906,
14914,
411,
29871,
29900,
29889,
29941,
470,
901,
286,
29887,
29914,
9415,
29914,
18448,
29889,
13,
1523,
862,
14125,
310,
405,
29943,
1799,
322,
383,
1799,
29892,
14914,
322,
11761,
29889,
13,
8439,
505,
1063,
871,
29871,
29906,
11898,
17420,
405,
29943,
1799,
322,
383,
1799,
29892,
278,
697,
491,
24363,
634,
394,
29889,
518,
29929,
29962,
322,
491,
10537,
12371,
29899,
5653,
1049,
634,
394,
29889,
518,
29941,
1402,
6137,
29871,
29896,
29900,
29889,
13,
3562,
29871,
29896,
29900,
4886,
5570,
29892,
2087,
499,
3171,
29892,
669,
2087,
499,
3171,
11581,
310,
11761,
313,
6816,
273,
8073,
29903,
669,
29871,
29929,
29945,
29995,
25781,
29897,
297,
8042,
3726,
16972,
310,
405,
29943,
1799,
669,
383,
1799,
322,
310,
6479,
630,
20986,
297,
8680,
29301,
13,
1576,
14169,
297,
16157,
3171,
11581,
313,
5747,
1959,
29879,
363,
12651,
297,
2362,
5570,
3171,
29879,
29897,
310,
1749,
14914,
4344,
892,
6133,
1135,
278,
16157,
3171,
11581,
310,
278,
11761,
297,
278,
6369,
11898
] | 2,695 | 10,240 | CommonCrawl | 9 | 22 |
by 1.26 SDS and 1.56 SDS for the NFSS (8.5 and 10.5 cm for males and 7.7 and 9.5 cm for females) and 1.21 SDS and 1.6 SDS for the FSS (8.1 to 10.8 cm for males and 7.4 to 9.8 cm for females); an equal benefit for children with NFSS and FSS.
Even though the benefit with treatment was the same for children with NFSS and FSS, our 25 children with FSS were significantly lower in adult height and adult height gain than our 63 children with NFSS, Table 11; adult height of -1.08 SDS in FSS versus -0.56 SDS in NFSS (p <0.01) and adult height gain 1.51 in FSS versus 2.06 in NFSS (p < 0.001).
Table 11 NFSS & FSS Adult Height Gain of Controls and Treated Subjects SDS (95% CI)
Of interest is that the results in the only two studies that have been published are similar, Table 11. The adult height gain of the untreated controls and of the treated subjects were significantly less in the children with FSS than in NFSS (p <0.05). In other words, the adult height gain of treated children with NFSS was higher than in FSS, but also higher was the adult height gain of the NFSS than the FSS controls, so the benefit was the same. This was also the conclusion of Dahlgren J [12] in his analysis of these 2 studies.
This observation seems to be consistent in the three different studies and has implications for interpretation of results with treatment, in studies where the number of children with FSS in the controls and treated subjects is not known, and in the selection of controls for non-randomized or randomized studies.
Other Comparisons.
The reported impression, by review of published studies, is that the benefit of treatment of children with ISS is less than in other conditions for which GH has been licensed [20, 21, 61].
Our results compare well with those obtained in GH treated children in other conditions for which GH has been approved, growth hormone deficiency (GHD), small for gestational age (SGA), or Turner syndrome.
The adult height of our 88 children with ISS of -0.71 SDS (0.74 SD) is equal to the adult height of -0.7 SDS (1.2 SD) achieved in 121 children (males and females) with GHD treated with 0.3 mg/kg/week, 3 or 6 times a week, reported by Blethem et al. [62].
In a review of four randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comprising 391 children with SGA treated with growth hormone (range of 0.23 to 0.47 mg/kg/week) [63], the adult height exceeded controls by 0.9 SDS. The adult height gain was 1.25 SDS (1.5 SDS in treated minus 0.25 SDS in untreated subjects). There was no difference between the 2 dose regimens. The adult height gain in our study exceeded controls by 1.41 SDS (1.90 SDS minus 0.49 SDS in controls), Table 8.
Our results of an increase of 7.1 to 10.3 cm of adult height in treated females over controls (Table 8) compares favorably with those obtained in Turner syndrome. In 61 patients with Turner syndrome [64], treated with 0.3 to 0.375 mg/kg/week of growth hormone, the final height was approximately seven cm higher (95% CI, of 6 to 8 cm) than in 43 untreated control patients. Despite this increase, the adult height of treated patient with Turner syndrome was still outside the normal range.
Our experience with the growth hormone treatment of children with ISS was a positive one, with the normalization of the height and growth during childhood and adolescence after 2 or 3 years of treatment and the attainment of a normal adult height of -0.71 SDS (0.74 SD) (95% CI | -0.17523 | 1.240617 | 0.978096 | 1.086457 | [
-0.37759991694317224,
0.02713917232596144
] | [
0.8180284478096547,
1.6632051381878419
] | [
0.9222985463332315,
1.0338931514501393
] | [
0.9199696945125809,
1.2529450888489502
] | 1,024 | [
512,
512
] | [
491,
29871,
29896,
29889,
29906,
29953,
8073,
29903,
322,
29871,
29896,
29889,
29945,
29953,
8073,
29903,
363,
278,
405,
29943,
1799,
313,
29947,
29889,
29945,
322,
29871,
29896,
29900,
29889,
29945,
7477,
363,
25269,
322,
29871,
29955,
29889,
29955,
322,
29871,
29929,
29889,
29945,
7477,
363,
24473,
29897,
322,
29871,
29896,
29889,
29906,
29896,
8073,
29903,
322,
29871,
29896,
29889,
29953,
8073,
29903,
363,
278,
383,
1799,
313,
29947,
29889,
29896,
304,
29871,
29896,
29900,
29889,
29947,
7477,
363,
25269,
322,
29871,
29955,
29889,
29946,
304,
29871,
29929,
29889,
29947,
7477,
363,
24473,
416,
385,
5186,
14169,
363,
4344,
411,
405,
29943,
1799,
322,
383,
1799,
29889,
13,
29923,
854,
2466,
278,
14169,
411,
14502,
471,
278,
1021,
363,
4344,
411,
405,
29943,
1799,
322,
383,
1799,
29892,
1749,
29871,
29906,
29945,
4344,
411,
383,
1799,
892,
16951,
5224,
297,
16157,
3171,
322,
16157,
3171,
11581,
1135,
1749,
29871,
29953,
29941,
4344,
411,
405,
29943,
1799,
29892,
6137,
29871,
29896,
29896,
29936,
16157,
3171,
310,
448,
29896,
29889,
29900,
29947,
8073,
29903,
297,
383,
1799,
23797,
448,
29900,
29889,
29945,
29953,
8073,
29903,
297,
405,
29943,
1799,
313,
29886,
529,
29900,
29889,
29900,
29896,
29897,
322,
16157,
3171,
11581,
29871,
29896,
29889,
29945,
29896,
297,
383,
1799,
23797,
29871,
29906,
29889,
29900,
29953,
297,
405,
29943,
1799,
313,
29886,
30080,
29966,
30080,
29900,
29889,
29900,
29900,
29896,
467,
13,
3562,
29871,
29896,
29896,
405,
29943,
1799,
669,
383,
1799,
2087,
499,
22907,
402,
475,
310,
11264,
29879,
322,
6479,
630,
3323,
622,
29879,
8073,
29903,
313,
29929,
29945,
29995,
25781,
29897,
13,
2776,
4066,
338,
393,
278,
2582,
297,
278,
871,
1023,
11898,
393,
505,
1063,
6369,
526,
2788,
29892,
6137,
29871,
29896,
29896,
29889,
450,
16157,
3171,
11581,
310,
278,
443,
2484,
630,
11761,
322,
310,
278,
14914,
17800,
892,
16951,
3109,
297,
278,
4344,
411,
383,
1799,
1135,
297,
405,
29943,
1799,
313,
29886,
529,
29900,
29889,
29900,
29945,
467,
512,
916,
3838,
29892,
278,
16157,
3171,
11581,
310,
14914,
4344,
411,
405,
29943,
1799,
471,
6133,
1135,
297,
383,
1799,
29892,
541,
884,
6133,
471,
278,
16157,
3171,
11581,
310,
278,
405,
29943,
1799,
1135,
278,
383,
1799,
11761,
29892,
577,
278,
14169,
471,
278,
1021,
29889,
910,
471,
884,
278,
15997,
310,
360,
4494,
20378,
435,
518,
29896,
29906,
29962,
297,
670,
7418,
310,
1438,
29871,
29906,
11898,
29889,
13,
4013,
15500,
2444,
304,
367,
13747,
297,
278,
2211,
1422,
11898,
322,
756,
2411,
5795,
363,
19854,
310,
2582,
411,
14502,
29892,
297,
11898,
988,
278,
1353,
310,
4344,
411,
383,
1799,
297,
278,
11761,
322,
14914,
17800,
338,
451,
2998,
29892,
322,
297,
278,
9262,
310,
11761,
363,
1661,
29899,
8172,
1891,
470,
4036,
1891,
11898,
29889,
13,
16107,
28663,
14125,
29889,
13,
1576,
8967,
17188,
29892,
491,
9076,
310,
6369,
11898,
29892,
338,
393,
278,
14169,
310,
14502,
310,
4344,
411,
306,
1799,
338,
3109,
1135,
297,
916,
5855,
363,
607,
402,
29950,
756,
1063,
7794,
21144,
518,
29906,
29900,
29892,
29871,
29906,
29896,
29892,
29871,
29953,
29896,
1822,
13,
29949,
332,
2582,
7252,
1532,
411,
1906,
7625,
297,
402,
29950,
14914,
4344,
297,
916,
5855,
363,
607,
402,
29950,
756,
1063,
23454,
29892,
14321,
298,
555,
650,
822,
293,
13396,
313,
29954,
26124,
511,
2319,
363,
7737,
1288,
5046,
313,
29903,
12739,
511,
470,
24215,
22898,
4871,
29889,
13,
1576,
16157,
3171,
310,
1749,
29871,
29947,
29947,
4344,
411,
306,
1799,
310,
448,
29900,
29889,
29955,
29896,
8073,
29903,
313,
29900,
29889,
29955,
29946,
8073,
29897,
338,
5186,
304,
278,
16157,
3171,
310,
448,
29900,
29889,
29955,
8073,
29903,
313,
29896,
29889,
29906,
8073,
29897,
14363,
297,
29871,
29896,
29906,
29896,
4344,
313,
29885,
2122,
322,
24473,
29897,
411,
402,
26124,
14914,
411,
29871,
29900,
29889,
29941,
286,
29887,
29914,
9415,
29914,
18448,
29892,
29871,
29941,
470,
29871,
29953,
3064,
263,
4723,
29892,
8967,
491,
24718,
386,
331,
634,
394,
29889,
518,
29953,
29906,
1822,
13,
797,
263,
9076,
310,
3023,
4036,
1891,
20704,
3367,
1338,
313,
29934,
1783,
29879,
29897,
7199,
5921,
29871,
29941,
29929,
29896,
4344,
411,
317,
12739,
14914,
411,
14321,
298,
555,
650,
313,
3881,
310,
29871,
29900,
29889,
29906,
29941,
304,
29871,
29900,
29889,
29946,
29955,
286,
29887,
29914,
9415,
29914,
18448,
29897,
518,
29953,
29941,
1402,
278,
16157,
3171,
13461,
287,
11761,
491,
29871,
29900,
29889,
29929,
8073,
29903,
29889,
450,
16157,
3171,
11581,
471,
29871,
29896,
29889,
29906,
29945,
8073,
29903,
313,
29896,
29889,
29945,
8073,
29903,
297,
14914,
26134,
29871,
29900,
29889,
29906,
29945,
8073,
29903,
297,
443,
2484,
630,
17800,
467,
1670,
471,
694,
4328,
1546,
278,
29871,
29906,
437,
344,
1072,
326,
575,
29889,
450,
16157,
3171,
11581,
297,
1749,
6559,
13461,
287,
11761,
491,
29871,
29896,
29889,
29946,
29896,
8073,
29903,
313,
29896,
29889,
29929,
29900,
8073,
29903,
26134,
29871,
29900,
29889,
29946,
29929,
8073,
29903,
297,
11761,
511,
6137,
29871,
29947,
29889,
13,
29949,
332,
2582,
310,
385,
7910,
310,
29871,
29955,
29889,
29896,
304,
29871,
29896,
29900,
29889,
29941,
7477,
310,
16157,
3171,
297,
14914,
24473,
975,
11761,
313,
3562,
29871,
29947,
29897,
752,
5114,
7853,
2197,
411,
1906,
7625,
297,
24215,
22898,
4871,
29889,
512,
29871,
29953,
29896,
22069,
411,
24215,
22898,
4871,
518,
29953,
29946,
1402,
14914,
411,
29871,
29900,
29889,
29941,
304,
29871,
29900,
29889,
29941,
29955,
29945,
286,
29887,
29914,
9415,
29914,
18448,
310,
14321,
298,
555,
650,
29892,
278,
2186,
3171,
471,
14235,
9881,
7477,
6133,
313,
29929,
29945,
29995,
25781,
29892,
310,
29871,
29953,
304,
29871,
29947,
7477,
29897,
1135,
297,
29871,
29946,
29941,
443,
2484,
630,
2761,
22069,
29889,
19454,
445,
7910,
29892,
278,
16157,
3171,
310,
14914,
16500,
411,
24215,
22898,
4871,
471,
1603,
5377,
278,
4226,
3464,
29889,
13,
29949,
332,
7271,
411,
278,
14321,
298,
555,
650,
14502,
310,
4344,
411,
306,
1799,
471,
263,
6374,
697,
29892,
411,
278,
4226,
2133,
310,
278,
3171,
322,
14321,
2645,
2278,
6614,
322,
594,
6544,
29883,
663,
1156,
29871,
29906,
470,
29871,
29941,
2440,
310,
14502,
322,
278,
1098,
475,
358,
310,
263,
4226,
16157,
3171,
310,
448,
29900,
29889,
29955,
29896,
8073,
29903,
313,
29900,
29889,
29955,
29946,
8073,
29897,
313,
29929,
29945,
29995,
25781
] | 2,695 | 11,264 | CommonCrawl | 14 | 10 |
-0.87 to -0.55), the main two aims of treatment; an adult height from the first percentile to the 80th percentile for males and for females.
The treatment was safe. There were no significant adverse effects. The IGF-1 values were essentially within the levels expected for the stages of puberty.
All the parents of the children and the children in our study who attained adult heights were pleased with the results, happy for their children to be normal and grateful for the treatment. The most consistent perception of the parents of the benefit was the improvement of self-esteem in their children, and of the children to be happy to be normal and not different. Other benefits perceived were cessation of teasing, bullying and psychological stress.
The reason for the children lost to follow-up, all growing well and benefiting from treatment, is not known. One can speculate that some were content to be within normal range in height, some may have had difficulty with copays, may have moved, did not care to have more injections, even though all reported that the injections were not painful, and so on.
The benefit obtained in our study seems to be better than that reported in a number of previous studies and there must be some reason. Care was taken in the selection of children to be certain they met qualifications, in the measurements, in the analysis of data and compilation of results.
By our observations, there may be two possible reasons, among others; namely the dose of growth hormone used (dose dependent effect), and the effect of including an unknown number of children with FSS in the group in previous studies.
Benefit of GH treatment – Effect of GH dose
Our observations in 88 children clearly show a significant benefit of GH treatment (0.32 ± 0.03 mg/kg/week) when compared to 305 untreated controls in 9 different studies, a benefit based on adult height gain (that corrects for baseline differences) of 9.5 cm (7.4 to 11.6) for males and 8.6 cm (6.7 to 10.5) for females (Table 8).
The benefit in the adult height of our treated subjects over the adult height of published historical controls was 9.8 cm for males and 8.9 cm for females (Table 9). This benefit is higher by 5 or 6 cm than the benefit obtained in subjects treated with 0.16 or 0.16 to 0.28 mg/kg/week of GH, usually of less than 4 cm. The benefit was only 1.35 or 1.5 cm higher than that obtained in other studies using 0.3 mg/kg or more per week.
This dose dependent effect has been reported previously in studies using 0.3 mg/kg or more of GH a week [65]. A dose effect for children with ISS was shown by Wit et al. [66] with a mean adult height gain of 1.85 SDS (similar to ours) and a benefit of 7.2 cm with a dose of 0.37 mg/kg/week. Also in a randomized controlled study by McCaughey et al. [2], 8 girls (6 of them with FSS) treated with GH 0.35 mg/kg/week (range 0.4 to 0.31), were 7.5 cm taller than the controls; and by others: Buchlis et al. [8] 6.8 cm for females, Albertsson-Wikland et al. [3] 8 cm based on adult height gain, Hintz R et al. [12] 9.2 cm higher for boys and 5.7 cm for girls, and Kemp et al. [67] (Genentech registry) 1.7 to 2.0 SDS in AH gain in children treated for 7 years, results similar to ours.
In view of the aforementioned, it is possible that the stated modest benefit of 4 cm with the treatment of ISS is related to the low dose of GH used and to averaging the results without taking in consideration the difference in the benefit from different doses.
In the meta-analysis conducted by Finkelstein et al. [10], there were only four controlled studies reporting adult height, -1.51 SDS. The reported benefit of treatment over controls, on the average was 5.7 cm, range 2.3 to 8.7 cm, a | -0.135167 | 0.785797 | 0.851284 | 0.836726 | [
0.20862116666829722,
-0.4789558986890805
] | [
0.7320782759067882,
0.8395159907853713
] | [
1.3382420744962515,
0.3643255207486923
] | [
0.649427186614281,
1.0240245052426962
] | 1,024 | [
512,
512
] | [
448,
29900,
29889,
29947,
29955,
304,
448,
29900,
29889,
29945,
29945,
511,
278,
1667,
1023,
263,
9893,
310,
14502,
29936,
385,
16157,
3171,
515,
278,
937,
10151,
488,
304,
278,
29871,
29947,
29900,
386,
10151,
488,
363,
25269,
322,
363,
24473,
29889,
13,
1576,
14502,
471,
9109,
29889,
1670,
892,
694,
7282,
594,
3901,
9545,
29889,
450,
306,
29954,
29943,
29899,
29896,
1819,
892,
13674,
2629,
278,
11174,
3806,
363,
278,
22950,
310,
2529,
814,
29891,
29889,
13,
3596,
278,
11825,
310,
278,
4344,
322,
278,
4344,
297,
1749,
6559,
1058,
1098,
7114,
16157,
3171,
29879,
892,
22301,
411,
278,
2582,
29892,
9796,
363,
1009,
4344,
304,
367,
4226,
322,
28656,
363,
278,
14502,
29889,
450,
1556,
13747,
639,
1441,
310,
278,
11825,
310,
278,
14169,
471,
278,
20414,
310,
1583,
29899,
4196,
331,
297,
1009,
4344,
29892,
322,
310,
278,
4344,
304,
367,
9796,
304,
367,
4226,
322,
451,
1422,
29889,
5901,
23633,
17189,
2347,
892,
274,
404,
362,
310,
734,
5832,
29892,
8227,
5890,
322,
11643,
5996,
22884,
29889,
13,
1576,
2769,
363,
278,
4344,
5714,
304,
1101,
29899,
786,
29892,
599,
15678,
1532,
322,
7795,
11407,
515,
14502,
29892,
338,
451,
2998,
29889,
3118,
508,
1580,
5987,
393,
777,
892,
2793,
304,
367,
2629,
4226,
3464,
297,
3171,
29892,
777,
1122,
505,
750,
14656,
411,
5614,
1036,
29892,
1122,
505,
6153,
29892,
1258,
451,
2562,
304,
505,
901,
297,
24247,
29892,
1584,
2466,
599,
8967,
393,
278,
297,
24247,
892,
451,
6788,
1319,
29892,
322,
577,
373,
29889,
13,
1576,
14169,
7625,
297,
1749,
6559,
2444,
304,
367,
2253,
1135,
393,
8967,
297,
263,
1353,
310,
3517,
11898,
322,
727,
1818,
367,
777,
2769,
29889,
10057,
471,
4586,
297,
278,
9262,
310,
4344,
304,
367,
3058,
896,
1539,
4021,
8232,
29892,
297,
278,
20398,
29892,
297,
278,
7418,
310,
848,
322,
14835,
310,
2582,
29889,
13,
2059,
1749,
13917,
29892,
727,
1122,
367,
1023,
1950,
9590,
29892,
4249,
4045,
29936,
18451,
278,
437,
344,
310,
14321,
298,
555,
650,
1304,
313,
29881,
852,
14278,
2779,
511,
322,
278,
2779,
310,
3704,
385,
9815,
1353,
310,
4344,
411,
383,
1799,
297,
278,
2318,
297,
3517,
11898,
29889,
13,
20841,
1389,
277,
310,
402,
29950,
14502,
785,
26475,
310,
402,
29950,
437,
344,
13,
29949,
332,
13917,
297,
29871,
29947,
29947,
4344,
9436,
1510,
263,
7282,
14169,
310,
402,
29950,
14502,
313,
29900,
29889,
29941,
29906,
30080,
30221,
30080,
29900,
29889,
29900,
29941,
286,
29887,
29914,
9415,
29914,
18448,
29897,
746,
9401,
304,
29871,
29941,
29900,
29945,
443,
2484,
630,
11761,
297,
29871,
29929,
1422,
11898,
29892,
263,
14169,
2729,
373,
16157,
3171,
11581,
313,
5747,
1959,
29879,
363,
2362,
5570,
12651,
29897,
310,
29871,
29929,
29889,
29945,
7477,
313,
29955,
29889,
29946,
304,
29871,
29896,
29896,
29889,
29953,
29897,
363,
25269,
322,
29871,
29947,
29889,
29953,
7477,
313,
29953,
29889,
29955,
304,
29871,
29896,
29900,
29889,
29945,
29897,
363,
24473,
313,
3562,
29871,
29947,
467,
13,
1576,
14169,
297,
278,
16157,
3171,
310,
1749,
14914,
17800,
975,
278,
16157,
3171,
310,
6369,
15839,
11761,
471,
29871,
29929,
29889,
29947,
7477,
363,
25269,
322,
29871,
29947,
29889,
29929,
7477,
363,
24473,
313,
3562,
29871,
29929,
467,
910,
14169,
338,
6133,
491,
29871,
29945,
470,
29871,
29953,
7477,
1135,
278,
14169,
7625,
297,
17800,
14914,
411,
29871,
29900,
29889,
29896,
29953,
470,
29871,
29900,
29889,
29896,
29953,
304,
29871,
29900,
29889,
29906,
29947,
286,
29887,
29914,
9415,
29914,
18448,
310,
402,
29950,
29892,
5491,
310,
3109,
1135,
29871,
29946,
7477,
29889,
450,
14169,
471,
871,
29871,
29896,
29889,
29941,
29945,
470,
29871,
29896,
29889,
29945,
7477,
6133,
1135,
393,
7625,
297,
916,
11898,
773,
29871,
29900,
29889,
29941,
286,
29887,
29914,
9415,
470,
901,
639,
4723,
29889,
13,
4013,
437,
344,
14278,
2779,
756,
1063,
8967,
9251,
297,
11898,
773,
29871,
29900,
29889,
29941,
286,
29887,
29914,
9415,
470,
901,
310,
402,
29950,
263,
4723,
518,
29953,
29945,
1822,
319,
437,
344,
2779,
363,
4344,
411,
306,
1799,
471,
4318,
491,
24363,
634,
394,
29889,
518,
29953,
29953,
29962,
411,
263,
2099,
16157,
3171,
11581,
310,
29871,
29896,
29889,
29947,
29945,
8073,
29903,
313,
29764,
304,
1749,
29879,
29897,
322,
263,
14169,
310,
29871,
29955,
29889,
29906,
7477,
411,
263,
437,
344,
310,
29871,
29900,
29889,
29941,
29955,
286,
29887,
29914,
9415,
29914,
18448,
29889,
3115,
297,
263,
4036,
1891,
20704,
6559,
491,
15612,
2987,
354,
29891,
634,
394,
29889,
518,
29906,
1402,
29871,
29947,
14000,
313,
29953,
310,
963,
411,
383,
1799,
29897,
14914,
411,
402,
29950,
29871,
29900,
29889,
29941,
29945,
286,
29887,
29914,
9415,
29914,
18448,
313,
3881,
29871,
29900,
29889,
29946,
304,
29871,
29900,
29889,
29941,
29896,
511,
892,
29871,
29955,
29889,
29945,
7477,
260,
12572,
1135,
278,
11761,
29936,
322,
491,
4045,
29901,
10586,
23443,
634,
394,
29889,
518,
29947,
29962,
29871,
29953,
29889,
29947,
7477,
363,
24473,
29892,
10537,
12371,
29899,
5653,
1049,
634,
394,
29889,
518,
29941,
29962,
29871,
29947,
7477,
2729,
373,
16157,
3171,
11581,
29892,
379,
524,
29920,
390,
634,
394,
29889,
518,
29896,
29906,
29962,
29871,
29929,
29889,
29906,
7477,
6133,
363,
12544,
322,
29871,
29945,
29889,
29955,
7477,
363,
14000,
29892,
322,
476,
3451,
634,
394,
29889,
518,
29953,
29955,
29962,
313,
15462,
2016,
305,
21235,
29897,
29871,
29896,
29889,
29955,
304,
29871,
29906,
29889,
29900,
8073,
29903,
297,
319,
29950,
11581,
297,
4344,
14914,
363,
29871,
29955,
2440,
29892,
2582,
2788,
304,
1749,
29879,
29889,
13,
797,
1776,
310,
278,
263,
1454,
882,
28487,
29892,
372,
338,
1950,
393,
278,
8703,
878,
342,
14169,
310,
29871,
29946,
7477,
411,
278,
14502,
310,
306,
1799,
338,
4475,
304,
278,
4482,
437,
344,
310,
402,
29950,
1304,
322,
304,
4759,
6751,
278,
2582,
1728,
5622,
297,
19220,
278,
4328,
297,
278,
14169,
515,
1422,
3248,
267,
29889,
13,
797,
278,
12700,
29899,
15916,
18043,
491,
383,
27136,
5465,
634,
394,
29889,
518,
29896,
29900,
1402,
727,
892,
871,
3023,
20704,
11898,
23415,
16157,
3171,
29892,
448,
29896,
29889,
29945,
29896,
8073,
29903,
29889,
450,
8967,
14169,
310,
14502,
975,
11761,
29892,
373,
278,
6588,
471,
29871,
29945,
29889,
29955,
7477,
29892,
3464,
29871,
29906,
29889,
29941,
304,
29871,
29947,
29889,
29955,
7477,
29892,
263
] | 2,695 | 12,288 | CommonCrawl | 9 | 22 |
wide range. Two of the studies used dosages of GH of 0.25 and 0.26 mg/kg/week and the other two doses of 0.3 and 0.4 mg/kg/week, which may account for the 8.7 cm benefit.
In the review of Guyda H et al. [68], comprising 413 treated children in 11 studies the average adult height was -1.7 SDS (range -1.1 to -2.4 SDS). Seven of the studies used doses of GH ranging from 0.21 to 0.26 mg/kg/week for an average of 0.24 mg/kg/week. The difference of the adult height range from -1.1 to -2.4 SDS is 1.3 SDS, a large difference, that could be owing to a difference in the GH dose used. In three of the studies using 0.3 mg/kg/week or more the adult height was -1.1, -1.3, and -1.4 SDS. So the difference of adult height from -1.4 to -2.4 SDS was owing mainly to studies using the lower dose of GH.
As a consequence of the averaging, the improved benefit obtained, in SDS or cm, with the higher doses of GH is not reflected in the reports, as is illustrated in Table 9, averaging results of published studies with no benefit (-0.1 cm) with others with a benefit of 7.5 cm.
The effect of the inclusion of children with FSS
By our results, the adult height and adult height gain were significantly higher by 0.6 SDS (4 cm) in the 47 treated males with NFSS than in the 21 with FSS (Table 4), and in our 63 (males and females) with NFSS (0.55 SDS) higher than in the 25 (males and females) with FSS (Tables 4 and 11).
Similar results were obtained in the only 2 studies reporting the results of NFSS and FSS. The adult height gain of the untreated controls and of treated subjects was significantly higher in the children with NFSS than in FSS (Table 11).
This seems to be a consistent finding in different studies and has implications for the interpretation of the results observed in published studies. The inclusion of a high number of children with FSS in the treated cohort will yield lower results. And also, it has implications for the selection of controls in randomized or non-randomized controlled studies, since the number of children with FSS in the treated or control groups may affect the results.
It is difficult to assess how this has affected the results of previous studies, since most or practically all of the published studies included all the children as ISS and did not mention whether they were NFSS or FSS.
It would seem advisable to identify the two groups NFSS and FSS in future trials.
Assessment of Benefit
The assessment of the benefit from treatment with GH is sometimes difficult, even in controlled studies, because the proportion of children with FSS and NFSS, normal and delayed puberty, and at times IUGR, may not be the same in the treated and control groups.
As previously mentioned, to assess the benefit of treatment, comparison of the AH gain (adult height minus the baseline height) and the AH attained of the treated and control groups would seem to be the best method, because they are based on measurements by the investigator.
Also useful would be the comparison between the groups on the attainment of target height. Target heights, however, are often based on self-reported parental heights. In addition, children with FSS may attain heights near or equal to the MPH without treatment, so the inclusion of a different number of children with FSS in the group may influence the attainment of MPH and render the interpretation as benefit of treatment inaccurate. Furthermore, there are a number of reported methods to calculate MPH [47], which may give different results for the benefit when comparing AHs and MPHs. It would also be difficult to compare the benefit of different studies using different methods for calculating MPH.
Calculation of the benefit to children with ISS, treated with GH, based on the difference of AH attained and PAH at the baseline does not appear accurate. The imprecision and inaccuracy of PAH for both sexes have been indicated in a number of reports and only | -0.548809 | 0.576294 | 0.889327 | 1.086457 | [
-0.6542743536009219,
-0.44334433753511276
] | [
0.8466785051106102,
0.3059086735550752
] | [
0.6230221053378877,
1.1556327206685844
] | [
0.9303751755855925,
1.2425396077759385
] | 1,024 | [
512,
512
] | [
9377,
3464,
29889,
7803,
310,
278,
11898,
1304,
3248,
1179,
310,
402,
29950,
310,
29871,
29900,
29889,
29906,
29945,
322,
29871,
29900,
29889,
29906,
29953,
286,
29887,
29914,
9415,
29914,
18448,
322,
278,
916,
1023,
3248,
267,
310,
29871,
29900,
29889,
29941,
322,
29871,
29900,
29889,
29946,
286,
29887,
29914,
9415,
29914,
18448,
29892,
607,
1122,
3633,
363,
278,
29871,
29947,
29889,
29955,
7477,
14169,
29889,
13,
797,
278,
9076,
310,
15880,
1388,
379,
634,
394,
29889,
518,
29953,
29947,
1402,
7199,
5921,
29871,
29946,
29896,
29941,
14914,
4344,
297,
29871,
29896,
29896,
11898,
278,
6588,
16157,
3171,
471,
448,
29896,
29889,
29955,
8073,
29903,
313,
3881,
448,
29896,
29889,
29896,
304,
448,
29906,
29889,
29946,
8073,
29903,
467,
26647,
310,
278,
11898,
1304,
3248,
267,
310,
402,
29950,
364,
9776,
515,
29871,
29900,
29889,
29906,
29896,
304,
29871,
29900,
29889,
29906,
29953,
286,
29887,
29914,
9415,
29914,
18448,
363,
385,
6588,
310,
29871,
29900,
29889,
29906,
29946,
286,
29887,
29914,
9415,
29914,
18448,
29889,
450,
4328,
310,
278,
16157,
3171,
3464,
515,
448,
29896,
29889,
29896,
304,
448,
29906,
29889,
29946,
8073,
29903,
338,
29871,
29896,
29889,
29941,
8073,
29903,
29892,
263,
2919,
4328,
29892,
393,
1033,
367,
8152,
292,
304,
263,
4328,
297,
278,
402,
29950,
437,
344,
1304,
29889,
512,
2211,
310,
278,
11898,
773,
29871,
29900,
29889,
29941,
286,
29887,
29914,
9415,
29914,
18448,
470,
901,
278,
16157,
3171,
471,
448,
29896,
29889,
29896,
29892,
448,
29896,
29889,
29941,
29892,
322,
448,
29896,
29889,
29946,
8073,
29903,
29889,
1105,
278,
4328,
310,
16157,
3171,
515,
448,
29896,
29889,
29946,
304,
448,
29906,
29889,
29946,
8073,
29903,
471,
8152,
292,
14364,
304,
11898,
773,
278,
5224,
437,
344,
310,
402,
29950,
29889,
13,
2887,
263,
17004,
310,
278,
4759,
6751,
29892,
278,
16710,
14169,
7625,
29892,
297,
8073,
29903,
470,
7477,
29892,
411,
278,
6133,
3248,
267,
310,
402,
29950,
338,
451,
25312,
297,
278,
13676,
29892,
408,
338,
26848,
297,
6137,
29871,
29929,
29892,
4759,
6751,
2582,
310,
6369,
11898,
411,
694,
14169,
8521,
29900,
29889,
29896,
7477,
29897,
411,
4045,
411,
263,
14169,
310,
29871,
29955,
29889,
29945,
7477,
29889,
13,
1576,
2779,
310,
278,
28694,
310,
4344,
411,
383,
1799,
13,
2059,
1749,
2582,
29892,
278,
16157,
3171,
322,
16157,
3171,
11581,
892,
16951,
6133,
491,
29871,
29900,
29889,
29953,
8073,
29903,
313,
29946,
7477,
29897,
297,
278,
29871,
29946,
29955,
14914,
25269,
411,
405,
29943,
1799,
1135,
297,
278,
29871,
29906,
29896,
411,
383,
1799,
313,
3562,
29871,
29946,
511,
322,
297,
1749,
29871,
29953,
29941,
313,
29885,
2122,
322,
24473,
29897,
411,
405,
29943,
1799,
313,
29900,
29889,
29945,
29945,
8073,
29903,
29897,
6133,
1135,
297,
278,
29871,
29906,
29945,
313,
29885,
2122,
322,
24473,
29897,
411,
383,
1799,
313,
24924,
29871,
29946,
322,
29871,
29896,
29896,
467,
13,
8942,
2327,
2582,
892,
7625,
297,
278,
871,
29871,
29906,
11898,
23415,
278,
2582,
310,
405,
29943,
1799,
322,
383,
1799,
29889,
450,
16157,
3171,
11581,
310,
278,
443,
2484,
630,
11761,
322,
310,
14914,
17800,
471,
16951,
6133,
297,
278,
4344,
411,
405,
29943,
1799,
1135,
297,
383,
1799,
313,
3562,
29871,
29896,
29896,
467,
13,
4013,
2444,
304,
367,
263,
13747,
9138,
297,
1422,
11898,
322,
756,
2411,
5795,
363,
278,
19854,
310,
278,
2582,
8900,
297,
6369,
11898,
29889,
450,
28694,
310,
263,
1880,
1353,
310,
4344,
411,
383,
1799,
297,
278,
14914,
16165,
441,
674,
7709,
5224,
2582,
29889,
1126,
884,
29892,
372,
756,
2411,
5795,
363,
278,
9262,
310,
11761,
297,
4036,
1891,
470,
1661,
29899,
8172,
1891,
20704,
11898,
29892,
1951,
278,
1353,
310,
4344,
411,
383,
1799,
297,
278,
14914,
470,
2761,
6471,
1122,
6602,
278,
2582,
29889,
13,
3112,
338,
5189,
304,
24809,
920,
445,
756,
15201,
278,
2582,
310,
3517,
11898,
29892,
1951,
1556,
470,
4120,
1711,
599,
310,
278,
6369,
11898,
5134,
599,
278,
4344,
408,
306,
1799,
322,
1258,
451,
3585,
3692,
896,
892,
405,
29943,
1799,
470,
383,
1799,
29889,
13,
3112,
723,
2833,
25228,
519,
304,
12439,
278,
1023,
6471,
405,
29943,
1799,
322,
383,
1799,
297,
5434,
3367,
1338,
29889,
13,
7900,
404,
358,
310,
4111,
1389,
277,
13,
1576,
24809,
358,
310,
278,
14169,
515,
14502,
411,
402,
29950,
338,
6041,
5189,
29892,
1584,
297,
20704,
11898,
29892,
1363,
278,
18618,
310,
4344,
411,
383,
1799,
322,
405,
29943,
1799,
29892,
4226,
322,
29801,
2529,
814,
29891,
29892,
322,
472,
3064,
28668,
14345,
29892,
1122,
451,
367,
278,
1021,
297,
278,
14914,
322,
2761,
6471,
29889,
13,
2887,
9251,
5276,
29892,
304,
24809,
278,
14169,
310,
14502,
29892,
10230,
310,
278,
319,
29950,
11581,
313,
328,
499,
3171,
26134,
278,
2362,
5570,
3171,
29897,
322,
278,
319,
29950,
1098,
7114,
310,
278,
14914,
322,
2761,
6471,
723,
2833,
304,
367,
278,
1900,
1158,
29892,
1363,
896,
526,
2729,
373,
20398,
491,
278,
7405,
1061,
29889,
13,
17351,
5407,
723,
367,
278,
10230,
1546,
278,
6471,
373,
278,
1098,
475,
358,
310,
3646,
3171,
29889,
17157,
3171,
29879,
29892,
3138,
29892,
526,
4049,
2729,
373,
1583,
29899,
12276,
287,
3847,
284,
3171,
29879,
29889,
512,
6124,
29892,
4344,
411,
383,
1799,
1122,
1098,
475,
3171,
29879,
2978,
470,
5186,
304,
278,
16379,
29950,
1728,
14502,
29892,
577,
278,
28694,
310,
263,
1422,
1353,
310,
4344,
411,
383,
1799,
297,
278,
2318,
1122,
9949,
278,
1098,
475,
358,
310,
16379,
29950,
322,
4050,
278,
19854,
408,
14169,
310,
14502,
297,
562,
2764,
403,
29889,
16478,
29892,
727,
526,
263,
1353,
310,
8967,
3519,
304,
8147,
16379,
29950,
518,
29946,
29955,
1402,
607,
1122,
2367,
1422,
2582,
363,
278,
14169,
746,
17420,
319,
29950,
29879,
322,
16379,
29950,
29879,
29889,
739,
723,
884,
367,
5189,
304,
7252,
278,
14169,
310,
1422,
11898,
773,
1422,
3519,
363,
25202,
16379,
29950,
29889,
13,
27065,
362,
310,
278,
14169,
304,
4344,
411,
306,
1799,
29892,
14914,
411,
402,
29950,
29892,
2729,
373,
278,
4328,
310,
319,
29950,
1098,
7114,
322,
17687,
29950,
472,
278,
2362,
5570,
947,
451,
2615,
16232,
29889,
450,
527,
17990,
2459,
322,
297,
562,
2764,
4135,
310,
17687,
29950,
363,
1716,
7916,
267,
505,
1063,
18694,
297,
263,
1353,
310,
13676,
322,
871,
29871
] | 2,695 | 13,312 | CommonCrawl | 14 | 10 |
33% of the variability in achieved AH is predictable. Commonly used methods tend to over-predict AH, especially in young males and in children with delayed bone age, and under-predict if the bone age is not delayed [69]. Also, the individual variability of the tempo of progression of the bone age, either faster or slower than usually expected, as illustrated in Figure 1, affects the accuracy of the PAH. In a randomized controlled trial, girls with ISS treated with GH were 3.5 cm taller than the originally PAH, but 7.5 cm taller than controls when calculated on the basis of AH and AH gain in SDS, a meaningful difference [2].
Recent critical reviews [20, 21, 61] concluded that to date no study has fulfilled the criteria for high quality and strong recommendations, in part owing to the small number of children in the studies, and felt that additional high quality trials up to the achievement of adult height would be necessary to determine the efficacy, ideal dosage, long term safety of growth hormone therapy and to address health related quality of life and cost issues.
There is agreement with their recommendations. Even though rhGH has proven to be a remarkably safe medication for 27 years at the doses recommended, long surveillance studies have been suggested by many, because of the mitogenic effect of IGF-1.
Regarding the dose, there has been many and probably enough trials with a dose of less than 0.3 mg/kg/week of GH, to know that it is not an adequate dose to induce a meaningful or satisfactory gain. Doses higher than 0.3, whether it be 0.32, 0.35, 0.37 mg/kg/week, or starting with 0.32 with adjustments may give a satisfactory gain, but the studies have been few; so additional studies would be helpful. It may be preferable to calculate the dose on mg/kg/week; calculations based on m2 of surface area, would provide higher doses per kg at 6 years of age than later because of the nonlinear relationship of m2 of surface area and weight.
Additional genetic studies may give useful information to explain the variability of response.
In the past 27 years, since rhGH became available in 1985, there have been 3 or 4 randomized studies, up to the achievement of adult height, and, apparently, they did not provide the answers. It may take 8 or more years to get results from more randomized trials. It is hoped that we do not wait for the answer; many children could benefit while we wait.
One of the main problems that has been often addressed in the past is the significant cost, which limits the availability to children who may need it, raises questions about the use of health resources, and a number of ethical considerations [25]. One may question whether studies would seem applicable to solve the problem of cost; participation from the pharmaceutical industry would be required. The high cost of biopharmaceuticals is a problem concerning public health services around the world, is in the public domaina, and to reduce cost and increase affordable access to treatment may not be as simple as one may think [70–72].
The wholesale acquisition cost (the list price paid by the distributing pharmacies from the supplier), generally, the price put by the manufacturer of the GH was $50,000 per gram in 2007 [73] and apparently $76,000 in 2010 [74]. The cost to the patients (or insurances) for the purchase of GH from the distributing pharmacies, presently, may be as much as $88,000 to $100,000 per gram. This is based on the pharmacy bills given to the family for the purchase of GHb.
The estimated cost of GH therapy compared with no therapy, in 2006, was $52,634 per inch (2.54 cm) or $99,959 per child reflecting an incremental growth of 1.9 in (4.8 cm) (Lee JM et al.) [22] and by others, in 2011, at $113,000 per inch or more (Durand-Zaleski I et al.) [23], | 0.242178 | 0.954116 | 1.246937 | 1.289364 | [
0.375721569006146,
0.10863486035138768
] | [
1.0615539348677765,
0.8466785051106102
] | [
1.5411413565269931,
0.9527334386378428
] | [
1.6691643317694116,
0.9095642134395694
] | 1,024 | [
512,
512
] | [
29941,
29941,
29995,
310,
278,
1197,
3097,
297,
14363,
319,
29950,
338,
8500,
519,
29889,
1876,
6194,
1304,
3519,
10331,
304,
975,
29899,
27711,
319,
29950,
29892,
7148,
297,
4123,
25269,
322,
297,
4344,
411,
29801,
289,
650,
5046,
29892,
322,
1090,
29899,
27711,
565,
278,
289,
650,
5046,
338,
451,
29801,
518,
29953,
29929,
1822,
3115,
29892,
278,
5375,
1197,
3097,
310,
278,
11413,
310,
410,
11476,
310,
278,
289,
650,
5046,
29892,
2845,
8473,
470,
20312,
1135,
5491,
3806,
29892,
408,
26848,
297,
11479,
29871,
29896,
29892,
6602,
29879,
278,
13600,
310,
278,
17687,
29950,
29889,
512,
263,
4036,
1891,
20704,
14260,
29892,
14000,
411,
306,
1799,
14914,
411,
402,
29950,
892,
29871,
29941,
29889,
29945,
7477,
260,
12572,
1135,
278,
10437,
17687,
29950,
29892,
541,
29871,
29955,
29889,
29945,
7477,
260,
12572,
1135,
11761,
746,
12833,
373,
278,
8405,
310,
319,
29950,
322,
319,
29950,
11581,
297,
8073,
29903,
29892,
263,
6593,
1319,
4328,
518,
29906,
1822,
13,
4789,
296,
12187,
21804,
518,
29906,
29900,
29892,
29871,
29906,
29896,
29892,
29871,
29953,
29896,
29962,
22834,
393,
304,
2635,
694,
6559,
756,
6095,
26940,
278,
16614,
363,
1880,
11029,
322,
4549,
6907,
800,
29892,
297,
760,
8152,
292,
304,
278,
2319,
1353,
310,
4344,
297,
278,
11898,
29892,
322,
7091,
393,
5684,
1880,
11029,
3367,
1338,
701,
304,
278,
27012,
882,
310,
16157,
3171,
723,
367,
5181,
304,
8161,
278,
6366,
4135,
29892,
10839,
3248,
482,
29892,
1472,
1840,
15332,
310,
14321,
298,
555,
650,
29220,
27580,
322,
304,
3211,
9045,
4475,
11029,
310,
2834,
322,
3438,
5626,
29889,
13,
8439,
338,
17327,
411,
1009,
6907,
800,
29889,
7753,
2466,
18178,
29954,
29950,
756,
16413,
304,
367,
263,
8509,
2197,
9109,
13589,
362,
363,
29871,
29906,
29955,
2440,
472,
278,
3248,
267,
13622,
29892,
1472,
26946,
453,
749,
11898,
505,
1063,
7829,
491,
1784,
29892,
1363,
310,
278,
1380,
6352,
293,
2779,
310,
306,
29954,
29943,
29899,
29896,
29889,
13,
4597,
20272,
278,
437,
344,
29892,
727,
756,
1063,
1784,
322,
3117,
3307,
3367,
1338,
411,
263,
437,
344,
310,
3109,
1135,
29871,
29900,
29889,
29941,
286,
29887,
29914,
9415,
29914,
18448,
310,
402,
29950,
29892,
304,
1073,
393,
372,
338,
451,
385,
19967,
339,
403,
437,
344,
304,
9013,
346,
263,
6593,
1319,
470,
5119,
3832,
11581,
29889,
360,
15806,
6133,
1135,
29871,
29900,
29889,
29941,
29892,
3692,
372,
367,
29871,
29900,
29889,
29941,
29906,
29892,
29871,
29900,
29889,
29941,
29945,
29892,
29871,
29900,
29889,
29941,
29955,
286,
29887,
29914,
9415,
29914,
18448,
29892,
470,
6257,
411,
29871,
29900,
29889,
29941,
29906,
411,
10365,
1860,
1122,
2367,
263,
5119,
3832,
11581,
29892,
541,
278,
11898,
505,
1063,
2846,
29936,
577,
5684,
11898,
723,
367,
8444,
29889,
739,
1122,
367,
5821,
519,
304,
8147,
278,
437,
344,
373,
286,
29887,
29914,
9415,
29914,
18448,
29936,
17203,
2729,
373,
286,
29906,
310,
7101,
4038,
29892,
723,
3867,
6133,
3248,
267,
639,
12118,
472,
29871,
29953,
2440,
310,
5046,
1135,
2678,
1363,
310,
278,
1661,
10660,
9443,
310,
286,
29906,
310,
7101,
4038,
322,
7688,
29889,
13,
2528,
3245,
2531,
7492,
11898,
1122,
2367,
5407,
2472,
304,
5649,
278,
1197,
3097,
310,
2933,
29889,
13,
797,
278,
4940,
29871,
29906,
29955,
2440,
29892,
1951,
18178,
29954,
29950,
3897,
3625,
297,
29871,
29896,
29929,
29947,
29945,
29892,
727,
505,
1063,
29871,
29941,
470,
29871,
29946,
4036,
1891,
11898,
29892,
701,
304,
278,
27012,
882,
310,
16157,
3171,
29892,
322,
29892,
13229,
29892,
896,
1258,
451,
3867,
278,
6089,
29889,
739,
1122,
2125,
29871,
29947,
470,
901,
2440,
304,
679,
2582,
515,
901,
4036,
1891,
3367,
1338,
29889,
739,
338,
24936,
393,
591,
437,
451,
4480,
363,
278,
1234,
29936,
1784,
4344,
1033,
14169,
1550,
591,
4480,
29889,
13,
6716,
310,
278,
1667,
4828,
393,
756,
1063,
4049,
20976,
297,
278,
4940,
338,
278,
7282,
3438,
29892,
607,
13071,
278,
20847,
3097,
304,
4344,
1058,
1122,
817,
372,
29892,
1153,
4637,
5155,
1048,
278,
671,
310,
9045,
7788,
29892,
322,
263,
1353,
310,
11314,
936,
2050,
800,
518,
29906,
29945,
1822,
3118,
1122,
1139,
3692,
11898,
723,
2833,
22903,
304,
4505,
278,
1108,
310,
3438,
29936,
27577,
515,
278,
1374,
22824,
346,
329,
936,
13661,
723,
367,
3734,
29889,
450,
1880,
3438,
310,
4768,
3021,
22824,
346,
329,
936,
29879,
338,
263,
1108,
19813,
970,
9045,
5786,
2820,
278,
3186,
29892,
338,
297,
278,
970,
5354,
29874,
29892,
322,
304,
10032,
3438,
322,
7910,
21750,
519,
2130,
304,
14502,
1122,
451,
367,
408,
2560,
408,
697,
1122,
1348,
518,
29955,
29900,
29994,
29955,
29906,
1822,
13,
1576,
377,
6544,
744,
1274,
23493,
3438,
313,
1552,
1051,
8666,
12530,
491,
278,
22965,
17068,
1374,
22824,
2478,
515,
278,
1462,
4926,
511,
6892,
29892,
278,
8666,
1925,
491,
278,
12012,
9945,
310,
278,
402,
29950,
471,
395,
29945,
29900,
29892,
29900,
29900,
29900,
639,
14961,
297,
29871,
29906,
29900,
29900,
29955,
518,
29955,
29941,
29962,
322,
13229,
395,
29955,
29953,
29892,
29900,
29900,
29900,
297,
29871,
29906,
29900,
29896,
29900,
518,
29955,
29946,
1822,
450,
3438,
304,
278,
22069,
313,
272,
1663,
332,
2925,
29897,
363,
278,
20590,
310,
402,
29950,
515,
278,
22965,
17068,
1374,
22824,
2478,
29892,
28681,
29892,
1122,
367,
408,
1568,
408,
395,
29947,
29947,
29892,
29900,
29900,
29900,
304,
395,
29896,
29900,
29900,
29892,
29900,
29900,
29900,
639,
14961,
29889,
910,
338,
2729,
373,
278,
1374,
2817,
4135,
289,
6090,
2183,
304,
278,
3942,
363,
278,
20590,
310,
402,
29950,
29890,
29889,
13,
1576,
15899,
3438,
310,
402,
29950,
29220,
27580,
9401,
411,
694,
29220,
27580,
29892,
297,
29871,
29906,
29900,
29900,
29953,
29892,
471,
395,
29945,
29906,
29892,
29953,
29941,
29946,
639,
297,
305,
313,
29906,
29889,
29945,
29946,
7477,
29897,
470,
395,
29929,
29929,
29892,
29929,
29945,
29929,
639,
2278,
9432,
292,
385,
11924,
284,
14321,
310,
29871,
29896,
29889,
29929,
297,
313,
29946,
29889,
29947,
7477,
29897,
313,
3226,
29872,
435,
29924,
634,
394,
1846,
518,
29906,
29906,
29962,
322,
491,
4045,
29892,
297,
29871,
29906,
29900,
29896,
29896,
29892,
472,
395,
29896,
29896,
29941,
29892,
29900,
29900,
29900,
639,
297,
305,
470,
901,
313,
29928,
332,
392,
29899,
29999,
2122,
1984,
306,
634,
394,
1846,
518,
29906,
29941,
1402
] | 2,695 | 14,336 | CommonCrawl | 14 | 10 |
depending on unit cost and height gain. This cost is applicable to any child treated with GH, whether it be growth hormone deficiency, Turner syndrome, intrauterine growth retardation or ISS.
If the price was reasonable, many of the objections to treatment, concerns for use of heath resources, and ethical considerations would subside. Cost influences pediatric endocrinologists in their decision to treat [75], and third party payers (private insurances or health agencies, state or national) in their decision to support treatment [74]. Also, if the price was reasonable, it, probably, would be the right thing to do to help the children to attain an adult height within the range judged to be normal by National Health Standards and by society. It would not harm anybody.
Children with ISS do not attain a normal adult height: adult heights of -2.4 SDS (0.8 SD) to -1.88 SDS (0.57 SD). Growth hormone treatment significantly increases the adult height, but the benefit obtained with doses of less than 0.3 mg/kg/week is modest, usually less than 4 cm.
The benefit obtained seems dose dependent and a benefit of 7, 7.5, and 8 cm have been reported with higher doses of 0.32 to 0.4 mg/kg/week, but the studies are few.
We conducted a retrospective analysis of our experience with children with ISS treated with rhGH, 0.32 ± 0.03 mg/kg/week. The treatment was quite helpful with normalization of the height and growth during childhood and attainment of normal adult heights. Eighty eight (68 males, 20 females) attained an adult height of -0.71 SDS (0.74 SD) (95%CI -0.87 to -0.55), a benefit over 305 untreated historical controls in 9 different studies of 9.5 cm (7.4 to 11.6 cm) for males and 8.6 cm (6.7 to 10.5 cm) for females, with heights from the 1st to the 80th percentile for males and females.
In the analysis of the subgroups the adult height and adult height gain of children with NFSS were significantly higher than of FSS. Similar results were obtained in the only 2 studies previously reported.
No difference was found in the cohorts with normal or delayed puberty in any of the subgroups, except between the NFSS and FSS subgroups. This has implications for the interpretation of the benefit of treatment in studies where the number of children with FSS in the controls or treated subjects is not known. It would seem advisable to identify the two groups, NFSS and FSS, in future trials.
There have been, probably, enough trials with a dose of less than 0.3 mg/kg/week to know that it is not an adequate dose to induce a meaningful or satisfactory gain. Studies with doses from 0.3 to 0.375 mg/kg/week are few, so additional trials would be helpful.
Additional high quality studies have been suggested to determine the efficacy, ideal dosage, health related quality of life, long term safety of GH therapy, and cost. There is agreement among investigators for these recommendations. In the past 27 years, since rhGH became available in 1985, there have been 3 or 4 randomized studies to adult height, but, apparently, did not provide the answers. It may take 8 or more years to get results from more randomized trials. It is the hope that we do not wait for the answer; many children could benefit while we wait.
aThe high price of pharmaceuticals is in the public domain. See The Economist (Economist.com), January 4th – 10th, 2014 – Pharmaceutical pricing, arguments over the cost of drugs are growing – page 10 and 45–46 and January 25th – 31st – Protect patients not patents – page 14.
bThe pharmacy bill for the purchase of 5 pens, each containing 20 mg of rhGH, (100 mg) was $8,800 every month, $88,000 per gram. Another ph | -0.079011 | 1.086623 | 0.990777 | 1.018822 | [
0.17985798265932323,
-0.33787932950220817
] | [
1.2621043359744648,
0.9111411340377601
] | [
1.257082361683955,
0.7244717463532585
] | [
1.0656464295347425,
0.9719970998776386
] | 1,024 | [
512,
512
] | [
8679,
373,
5190,
3438,
322,
3171,
11581,
29889,
910,
3438,
338,
22903,
304,
738,
2278,
14914,
411,
402,
29950,
29892,
3692,
372,
367,
14321,
298,
555,
650,
822,
293,
13396,
29892,
24215,
22898,
4871,
29892,
938,
336,
12811,
457,
14321,
3240,
538,
362,
470,
306,
1799,
29889,
13,
3644,
278,
8666,
471,
15590,
29892,
1784,
310,
278,
704,
24247,
304,
14502,
29892,
21838,
363,
671,
310,
540,
493,
7788,
29892,
322,
11314,
936,
2050,
800,
723,
1014,
2975,
29889,
9839,
7112,
2063,
8939,
7163,
2200,
1095,
8415,
262,
1189,
2879,
297,
1009,
10608,
304,
7539,
518,
29955,
29945,
1402,
322,
4654,
6263,
5146,
414,
313,
9053,
1663,
332,
2925,
470,
9045,
946,
15942,
29892,
2106,
470,
4797,
29897,
297,
1009,
10608,
304,
2304,
14502,
518,
29955,
29946,
1822,
3115,
29892,
565,
278,
8666,
471,
15590,
29892,
372,
29892,
3117,
29892,
723,
367,
278,
1492,
2655,
304,
437,
304,
1371,
278,
4344,
304,
1098,
475,
385,
16157,
3171,
2629,
278,
3464,
6577,
3192,
304,
367,
4226,
491,
3086,
15202,
6679,
3163,
322,
491,
12459,
29889,
739,
723,
451,
10311,
16357,
29889,
13,
19334,
411,
306,
1799,
437,
451,
1098,
475,
263,
4226,
16157,
3171,
29901,
16157,
3171,
29879,
310,
448,
29906,
29889,
29946,
8073,
29903,
313,
29900,
29889,
29947,
8073,
29897,
304,
448,
29896,
29889,
29947,
29947,
8073,
29903,
313,
29900,
29889,
29945,
29955,
8073,
467,
402,
798,
386,
298,
555,
650,
14502,
16951,
16415,
278,
16157,
3171,
29892,
541,
278,
14169,
7625,
411,
3248,
267,
310,
3109,
1135,
29871,
29900,
29889,
29941,
286,
29887,
29914,
9415,
29914,
18448,
338,
878,
342,
29892,
5491,
3109,
1135,
29871,
29946,
7477,
29889,
13,
1576,
14169,
7625,
2444,
437,
344,
14278,
322,
263,
14169,
310,
29871,
29955,
29892,
29871,
29955,
29889,
29945,
29892,
322,
29871,
29947,
7477,
505,
1063,
8967,
411,
6133,
3248,
267,
310,
29871,
29900,
29889,
29941,
29906,
304,
29871,
29900,
29889,
29946,
286,
29887,
29914,
9415,
29914,
18448,
29892,
541,
278,
11898,
526,
2846,
29889,
13,
4806,
18043,
263,
3240,
1883,
12645,
7418,
310,
1749,
7271,
411,
4344,
411,
306,
1799,
14914,
411,
18178,
29954,
29950,
29892,
29871,
29900,
29889,
29941,
29906,
30080,
30221,
30080,
29900,
29889,
29900,
29941,
286,
29887,
29914,
9415,
29914,
18448,
29889,
450,
14502,
471,
3755,
8444,
411,
4226,
2133,
310,
278,
3171,
322,
14321,
2645,
2278,
6614,
322,
1098,
475,
358,
310,
4226,
16157,
3171,
29879,
29889,
382,
523,
29891,
9475,
313,
29953,
29947,
25269,
29892,
29871,
29906,
29900,
24473,
29897,
1098,
7114,
385,
16157,
3171,
310,
448,
29900,
29889,
29955,
29896,
8073,
29903,
313,
29900,
29889,
29955,
29946,
8073,
29897,
313,
29929,
29945,
29995,
8426,
448,
29900,
29889,
29947,
29955,
304,
448,
29900,
29889,
29945,
29945,
511,
263,
14169,
975,
29871,
29941,
29900,
29945,
443,
2484,
630,
15839,
11761,
297,
29871,
29929,
1422,
11898,
310,
29871,
29929,
29889,
29945,
7477,
313,
29955,
29889,
29946,
304,
29871,
29896,
29896,
29889,
29953,
7477,
29897,
363,
25269,
322,
29871,
29947,
29889,
29953,
7477,
313,
29953,
29889,
29955,
304,
29871,
29896,
29900,
29889,
29945,
7477,
29897,
363,
24473,
29892,
411,
3171,
29879,
515,
278,
29871,
29896,
303,
304,
278,
29871,
29947,
29900,
386,
10151,
488,
363,
25269,
322,
24473,
29889,
13,
797,
278,
7418,
310,
278,
1014,
13155,
278,
16157,
3171,
322,
16157,
3171,
11581,
310,
4344,
411,
405,
29943,
1799,
892,
16951,
6133,
1135,
310,
383,
1799,
29889,
13999,
2582,
892,
7625,
297,
278,
871,
29871,
29906,
11898,
9251,
8967,
29889,
13,
3782,
4328,
471,
1476,
297,
278,
16165,
441,
29879,
411,
4226,
470,
29801,
2529,
814,
29891,
297,
738,
310,
278,
1014,
13155,
29892,
5174,
1546,
278,
405,
29943,
1799,
322,
383,
1799,
1014,
13155,
29889,
910,
756,
2411,
5795,
363,
278,
19854,
310,
278,
14169,
310,
14502,
297,
11898,
988,
278,
1353,
310,
4344,
411,
383,
1799,
297,
278,
11761,
470,
14914,
17800,
338,
451,
2998,
29889,
739,
723,
2833,
25228,
519,
304,
12439,
278,
1023,
6471,
29892,
405,
29943,
1799,
322,
383,
1799,
29892,
297,
5434,
3367,
1338,
29889,
13,
8439,
505,
1063,
29892,
3117,
29892,
3307,
3367,
1338,
411,
263,
437,
344,
310,
3109,
1135,
29871,
29900,
29889,
29941,
286,
29887,
29914,
9415,
29914,
18448,
304,
1073,
393,
372,
338,
451,
385,
19967,
339,
403,
437,
344,
304,
9013,
346,
263,
6593,
1319,
470,
5119,
3832,
11581,
29889,
16972,
411,
3248,
267,
515,
29871,
29900,
29889,
29941,
304,
29871,
29900,
29889,
29941,
29955,
29945,
286,
29887,
29914,
9415,
29914,
18448,
526,
2846,
29892,
577,
5684,
3367,
1338,
723,
367,
8444,
29889,
13,
2528,
3245,
1880,
11029,
11898,
505,
1063,
7829,
304,
8161,
278,
6366,
4135,
29892,
10839,
3248,
482,
29892,
9045,
4475,
11029,
310,
2834,
29892,
1472,
1840,
15332,
310,
402,
29950,
29220,
27580,
29892,
322,
3438,
29889,
1670,
338,
17327,
4249,
7405,
4097,
363,
1438,
6907,
800,
29889,
512,
278,
4940,
29871,
29906,
29955,
2440,
29892,
1951,
18178,
29954,
29950,
3897,
3625,
297,
29871,
29896,
29929,
29947,
29945,
29892,
727,
505,
1063,
29871,
29941,
470,
29871,
29946,
4036,
1891,
11898,
304,
16157,
3171,
29892,
541,
29892,
13229,
29892,
1258,
451,
3867,
278,
6089,
29889,
739,
1122,
2125,
29871,
29947,
470,
901,
2440,
304,
679,
2582,
515,
901,
4036,
1891,
3367,
1338,
29889,
739,
338,
278,
4966,
393,
591,
437,
451,
4480,
363,
278,
1234,
29936,
1784,
4344,
1033,
14169,
1550,
591,
4480,
29889,
13,
29874,
1576,
1880,
8666,
310,
1374,
22824,
346,
329,
936,
29879,
338,
297,
278,
970,
5354,
29889,
2823,
450,
12884,
391,
313,
29923,
4599,
391,
29889,
510,
511,
5490,
29871,
29946,
386,
785,
29871,
29896,
29900,
386,
29892,
29871,
29906,
29900,
29896,
29946,
785,
1963,
22824,
346,
329,
936,
544,
18499,
29892,
6273,
975,
278,
3438,
310,
5883,
3174,
526,
15678,
785,
1813,
29871,
29896,
29900,
322,
29871,
29946,
29945,
29994,
29946,
29953,
322,
5490,
29871,
29906,
29945,
386,
785,
29871,
29941,
29896,
303,
785,
14409,
312,
22069,
451,
2373,
1237,
785,
1813,
29871,
29896,
29946,
29889,
13,
29890,
1576,
1374,
2817,
4135,
11118,
363,
278,
20590,
310,
29871,
29945,
10420,
29892,
1269,
6943,
29871,
29906,
29900,
286,
29887,
310,
18178,
29954,
29950,
29892,
313,
29896,
29900,
29900,
286,
29887,
29897,
471,
395,
29947,
29892,
29947,
29900,
29900,
1432,
4098,
29892,
395,
29947,
29947,
29892,
29900,
29900,
29900,
639,
14961,
29889,
7280,
1374
] | 2,695 | 15,360 | CommonCrawl | 14 | 10 |
armacy bill for the purchase of a pen containing 15 mg/of rhGH was $1,500, $100,000 per gram.
JFS is Professor of Pediatrics at The Ohio State University, College of Medicine and member of the Section of Pediatric Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio. NJT is a research associate of the Section of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio.
AH:
Adult height
AH gain:
Adult height gain
CBC:
Complete blood count
CDGP:
Constitutional delay of growth and puberty
DP:
FDA:
FSS:
Familial short stature
GH:
GHD:
Growth hormone deficiency
GHR:
Growth hormone receptor
IGF-1:
Insulin like growth factor 1
IGFBP-3:
Insulin like growth factor binding protein 3
ISS:
Idiopathic short stature
kDa:
Kilodalton
MPH:
Mid-parental height
NFSS:
Non-familial short stature
Normal puberty
PAH:
Predicted adult height
rbGH:
Recombinant bovine growth hormone
rbST:
Recombinant bovine somatotropin
Randomized control trials
rhGH:
Recombinant human growth hormone
RIA:
Radioimmunometric assay
SDS:
Standard deviation score
T4:
TSH:
Thyroid stimulating hormone.
Leschek EW, Rose SR, Yanovski JA, Troendle JF, Quigley CA, Chipman JJ, Crowe BJ, Ross JL, Cassorla FG, Blum WF, Cutler GB, Baron J, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development-Eli Lilly & Co: Effect of growth hormone treatment on adult height in peripubertal children with idiopathic short stature: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2004, 89 (7): 3140-3148.
McCaughey ES, Mulligan J, Voss LD, Betts PR: Randomised trial of growth hormone in short normal girls. Lancet. 1998, 351 (9107): 940-944.
Albertsson-Wikland K, Aronson AS, Gustafsson J, Hagenäs L, Ivarsson SA, Jonsson B, Kriström B, Marcus C, Nilsson KO, Ritzén EM, Tuvemo T, Westphal O, Aman J: Dose-dependent effect of growth hormone on final height in children with short stature without growth hormone deficiency. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2008, 93 (11): 4342-4350.
López-Siguero JP, García-Garcia E, Carralero I, Martínez-Aedo MJ: Adult height in children with idiopathic short stature treated with growth hormone. J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab. 2000, 13 (9): 1595-1602.
Coutant R, Rouleau S, Despert F, Magontier N, Loisel D, Limal JM: Growth and adult height in GH-treated children with nonacquired GH deficiency and idiopathic short stature: the influence of pituitary magnetic resonance imaging findings. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2001, 86 (10): 4649-4654.
Lopez-Siquero JP, Martínez-Aedo MJ, Moreno-Molina JA: Final height after growth hormone therapy in children with idiopathic short stature and a subnormal growth rate. Acta Pediatr. 1996, 85: 113-147.
Hindmarsh PC, Brook CG: | -0.767957 | 0.979185 | 0.739689 | 1.024025 | [
-0.8405502119447533,
-0.6953646164708847
] | [
1.0687164491930152,
0.8896535910620434
] | [
0.7599791207086383,
0.71939926430249
] | [
1.0448354673887195,
1.003213543096673
] | 1,024 | [
512,
512
] | [
2817,
4135,
11118,
363,
278,
20590,
310,
263,
6584,
6943,
29871,
29896,
29945,
286,
29887,
29914,
974,
18178,
29954,
29950,
471,
395,
29896,
29892,
29945,
29900,
29900,
29892,
395,
29896,
29900,
29900,
29892,
29900,
29900,
29900,
639,
14961,
29889,
13,
29967,
9998,
338,
11386,
310,
9293,
7163,
10817,
472,
450,
15821,
4306,
3014,
29892,
6346,
310,
27529,
322,
4509,
310,
278,
9779,
310,
9293,
7163,
2200,
2796,
8415,
262,
3002,
29892,
4737,
19388,
1608,
322,
4671,
370,
10778,
472,
22900,
8157,
20986,
29915,
29879,
15967,
29892,
11990,
375,
29892,
15821,
29889,
405,
29967,
29911,
338,
263,
5925,
25836,
310,
278,
9779,
310,
2796,
8415,
262,
3002,
29892,
4737,
19388,
1608,
322,
4671,
370,
10778,
472,
22900,
8157,
20986,
29915,
29879,
15967,
29892,
11990,
375,
29892,
15821,
29889,
13,
29909,
29950,
29901,
13,
3253,
499,
3171,
13,
29909,
29950,
11581,
29901,
13,
3253,
499,
3171,
11581,
13,
29907,
5371,
29901,
13,
17813,
10416,
2302,
13,
6530,
19903,
29901,
13,
12075,
5008,
284,
9055,
310,
14321,
322,
2529,
814,
29891,
13,
11191,
29901,
13,
29943,
7698,
29901,
13,
29943,
1799,
29901,
13,
22555,
616,
3273,
1002,
545,
13,
29954,
29950,
29901,
13,
29954,
26124,
29901,
13,
29954,
798,
386,
298,
555,
650,
822,
293,
13396,
13,
29954,
20938,
29901,
13,
29954,
798,
386,
298,
555,
650,
337,
14268,
13,
6259,
29943,
29899,
29896,
29901,
13,
797,
29879,
352,
262,
763,
14321,
7329,
29871,
29896,
13,
6259,
18426,
29925,
29899,
29941,
29901,
13,
797,
29879,
352,
262,
763,
14321,
7329,
9956,
26823,
29871,
29941,
13,
29902,
1799,
29901,
13,
1204,
21260,
493,
293,
3273,
1002,
545,
13,
29895,
27838,
29901,
13,
29968,
309,
397,
284,
880,
13,
3580,
29950,
29901,
13,
29924,
333,
29899,
3560,
284,
3171,
13,
22498,
1799,
29901,
13,
12283,
29899,
8302,
616,
3273,
1002,
545,
13,
19077,
2529,
814,
29891,
13,
7228,
29950,
29901,
13,
23084,
18186,
16157,
3171,
13,
6050,
29954,
29950,
29901,
13,
1123,
510,
2109,
424,
289,
586,
457,
14321,
298,
555,
650,
13,
6050,
1254,
29901,
13,
1123,
510,
2109,
424,
289,
586,
457,
1047,
271,
28467,
262,
13,
17875,
1891,
2761,
3367,
1338,
13,
19046,
29954,
29950,
29901,
13,
1123,
510,
2109,
424,
5199,
14321,
298,
555,
650,
13,
3960,
29909,
29901,
13,
21818,
6727,
348,
14066,
1223,
388,
13,
7230,
29903,
29901,
13,
15449,
29522,
8158,
13,
29911,
29946,
29901,
13,
29911,
7068,
29901,
13,
1349,
29891,
1007,
20436,
18099,
298,
555,
650,
29889,
13,
24560,
1173,
29895,
382,
29956,
29892,
14008,
21020,
29892,
23094,
586,
2574,
435,
29909,
29892,
8316,
355,
280,
435,
29943,
29892,
751,
335,
2330,
12766,
29892,
678,
666,
1171,
435,
29967,
29892,
8764,
705,
350,
29967,
29892,
13693,
435,
29931,
29892,
13088,
272,
433,
383,
29954,
29892,
3164,
398,
399,
29943,
29892,
315,
329,
1358,
19289,
29892,
15991,
435,
29892,
3086,
8907,
310,
10517,
15202,
322,
12968,
14650,
29899,
29923,
492,
365,
9403,
669,
3189,
29901,
26475,
310,
14321,
298,
555,
650,
14502,
373,
16157,
3171,
297,
639,
666,
431,
814,
284,
4344,
411,
1178,
21260,
493,
293,
3273,
1002,
545,
29901,
263,
4036,
1891,
29892,
3765,
29899,
2204,
513,
29892,
2058,
833,
29899,
6451,
839,
14260,
29889,
435,
315,
1915,
2796,
8415,
262,
324,
4737,
370,
29889,
29871,
29906,
29900,
29900,
29946,
29892,
29871,
29947,
29929,
313,
29955,
1125,
29871,
29941,
29896,
29946,
29900,
29899,
29941,
29896,
29946,
29947,
29889,
13,
27297,
29907,
2987,
354,
29891,
17956,
29892,
341,
913,
11163,
435,
29892,
478,
2209,
365,
29928,
29892,
6313,
1372,
12089,
29901,
16968,
3368,
14260,
310,
14321,
298,
555,
650,
297,
3273,
4226,
14000,
29889,
24994,
300,
29889,
29871,
29896,
29929,
29929,
29947,
29892,
29871,
29941,
29945,
29896,
313,
29929,
29896,
29900,
29955,
1125,
29871,
29929,
29946,
29900,
29899,
29929,
29946,
29946,
29889,
13,
2499,
2151,
12371,
29899,
5653,
1049,
476,
29892,
826,
787,
265,
3339,
29892,
12512,
2142,
12371,
435,
29892,
379,
5370,
6373,
365,
29892,
306,
1707,
12371,
16698,
29892,
435,
787,
1100,
350,
29892,
17773,
29878,
10063,
350,
29892,
27390,
315,
29892,
26697,
12371,
476,
29949,
29892,
390,
2784,
1690,
27295,
29892,
323,
4090,
15810,
323,
29892,
3122,
17206,
438,
29892,
319,
1171,
435,
29901,
360,
852,
29899,
18980,
2779,
310,
14321,
298,
555,
650,
373,
2186,
3171,
297,
4344,
411,
3273,
1002,
545,
1728,
14321,
298,
555,
650,
822,
293,
13396,
29889,
435,
315,
1915,
2796,
8415,
262,
324,
4737,
370,
29889,
29871,
29906,
29900,
29900,
29947,
29892,
29871,
29929,
29941,
313,
29896,
29896,
1125,
29871,
29946,
29941,
29946,
29906,
29899,
29946,
29941,
29945,
29900,
29889,
13,
29931,
24140,
29899,
29903,
5526,
1489,
435,
29925,
29892,
21034,
29899,
29954,
279,
1512,
382,
29892,
1704,
1705,
1489,
306,
29892,
29480,
29899,
29909,
23162,
341,
29967,
29901,
2087,
499,
3171,
297,
4344,
411,
1178,
21260,
493,
293,
3273,
1002,
545,
14914,
411,
14321,
298,
555,
650,
29889,
435,
9293,
7163,
29878,
2796,
8415,
262,
324,
4737,
370,
29889,
29871,
29906,
29900,
29900,
29900,
29892,
29871,
29896,
29941,
313,
29929,
1125,
29871,
29896,
29945,
29929,
29945,
29899,
29896,
29953,
29900,
29906,
29889,
13,
29907,
449,
424,
390,
29892,
15915,
280,
585,
317,
29892,
2726,
10700,
383,
29892,
3561,
609,
631,
405,
29892,
4309,
275,
295,
360,
29892,
365,
3039,
435,
29924,
29901,
402,
798,
386,
322,
16157,
3171,
297,
402,
29950,
29899,
2484,
630,
4344,
411,
1661,
562,
5958,
402,
29950,
822,
293,
13396,
322,
1178,
21260,
493,
293,
3273,
1002,
545,
29901,
278,
9949,
310,
282,
1981,
277,
653,
15611,
27396,
749,
6382,
292,
1284,
886,
29889,
435,
315,
1915,
2796,
8415,
262,
324,
4737,
370,
29889,
29871,
29906,
29900,
29900,
29896,
29892,
29871,
29947,
29953,
313,
29896,
29900,
1125,
29871,
29946,
29953,
29946,
29929,
29899,
29946,
29953,
29945,
29946,
29889,
13,
29931,
2300,
29920,
29899,
29903,
8105,
1489,
435,
29925,
29892,
29480,
29899,
29909,
23162,
341,
29967,
29892,
3879,
8154,
29899,
29924,
324,
1099,
435,
29909,
29901,
9550,
3171,
1156,
14321,
298,
555,
650,
29220,
27580,
297,
4344,
411,
1178,
21260,
493,
293,
3273,
1002,
545,
322,
263,
1014,
8945,
14321,
6554,
29889,
3185,
29874,
9293,
7163,
29878,
29889,
29871,
29896,
29929,
29929,
29953,
29892,
29871,
29947,
29945,
29901,
29871,
29896,
29896,
29941,
29899,
29896,
29946,
29955,
29889,
13,
29950,
513,
3034,
845,
9609,
29892,
18737,
8446,
29901
] | 2,695 | 16,384 | CommonCrawl | 14 | 10 |
Final height of short normal children treated with growth hormone. Lancet. 1996, 348 (9019): 13-16.
Buchlis JG, Irizarry L, Crotzer BC, Shine BJ, Allen L, MacGillivray MH: Comparison of final heights of growth hormone-treated vs. untreated children with idiopathic growth failure. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1998, 83 (4): 1075-1079.
Wit JM, Rekers-Mombarg LT, Dutch Growth Hormone Advisory Group: Final height gain by GH therapy in children with idiopathic short stature is dose dependent. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2002, 87 (2): 604-611.
Finkelstein BS, Imperiale TF, Speroff T, Marrero U, Radcliffe DJ, Cuttler L: Effect of growth hormone therapy on height in children with idiopathic short stature: a meta-analysis. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med. 2002, 156 (3): 230-240.
Hintz RL, Attie KM, Baptista J, Roche A: Effect of growth hormone treatment on adult height of children with idiopathic short stature. Genentech Collaborative Group. N Engl J Med. 1999, 340 (7): 502-507.
Dahlgren J: Growth outcomes in individuals with idiopathic short stature treated with growth hormone therapy. Horm Res Paediatr. 2011, 76 (Suppl 3): 42-45.
Lee PA, Germak J, Gut R, Khutoryansky N, Ross J: Identification of factors associated with good response to growth hormone therapy in children with short stature: results from the ANSWER Program®. Int J Pediatr Endocrinol. 2011, 2011: 6-10.1186/1687-9856-2011-6
Quigley CA, Gill AM, Crowe BJ, Robling K, Chipman JJ, Rose SR, Ross JL, Cassorla FG, Wolka AM, Wit JM, Rekers-Mombarg LT, Cutler GB: Safety of growth hormone treatment in pediatric patients with idiopathic short stature. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2005, 90 (9): 5188-5196.
Sävendahl L, Maes M, Albertsson-Wikland K, Borgström B, Carel JC, Henrard S, Speybroeck N, Thomas M, Zandwijken G, Hokken-Koelega A: Long-term mortality and causes of death in isolated GHD, ISS, and SGA patients treated with recombinant growth hormone during childhood in Belgium, The Netherlands, and Sweden: preliminary report of 3 countries participating in the EU SAGhE study. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2012, 97 (2): E213-E217.
Rosenfeld RG, Cohen P, Robison LL, Bercu BB, Clayton P, Hoffman AR, Radovick S, Saenger P, Savage MO, Wit JM: Long-term surveillance of growth hormone therapy. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2012, 97 (1): 68-72.
Ambler GR, Fairchild J, Wilkinson DJ: Debate: idiopathic short stature should be treated with growth hormone. J Paediatr Child Health. 2013, 49 (3): 165-169.
Rosenbloom AL: Idiopathic short stature: conundrums of definition and treatment. Int J Pediatr Endocrinol. 2009, 2009: 470378-10.1155/2 | -0.763848 | 0.767891 | 0.770124 | 1.013619 | [
-0.6953646164708847,
-0.8323321593707608
] | [
1.0472289062172986,
0.4885527888486665
] | [
0.9628784027393797,
0.5773697668809709
] | [
1.1280793159728117,
0.8991587323665579
] | 1,024 | [
512,
512
] | [
9550,
3171,
310,
3273,
4226,
4344,
14914,
411,
14321,
298,
555,
650,
29889,
24994,
300,
29889,
29871,
29896,
29929,
29929,
29953,
29892,
29871,
29941,
29946,
29947,
313,
29929,
29900,
29896,
29929,
1125,
29871,
29896,
29941,
29899,
29896,
29953,
29889,
13,
29933,
987,
23443,
435,
29954,
29892,
306,
7485,
279,
719,
365,
29892,
315,
5450,
3298,
17403,
29892,
1383,
457,
350,
29967,
29892,
16092,
365,
29892,
4326,
29954,
453,
440,
764,
341,
29950,
29901,
422,
20941,
310,
2186,
3171,
29879,
310,
14321,
298,
555,
650,
29899,
2484,
630,
7186,
29889,
443,
2484,
630,
4344,
411,
1178,
21260,
493,
293,
14321,
10672,
29889,
435,
315,
1915,
2796,
8415,
262,
324,
4737,
370,
29889,
29871,
29896,
29929,
29929,
29947,
29892,
29871,
29947,
29941,
313,
29946,
1125,
29871,
29896,
29900,
29955,
29945,
29899,
29896,
29900,
29955,
29929,
29889,
13,
29956,
277,
435,
29924,
29892,
830,
29895,
414,
29899,
29924,
3424,
1191,
365,
29911,
29892,
14872,
402,
798,
386,
379,
555,
650,
2087,
1730,
706,
6431,
29901,
9550,
3171,
11581,
491,
402,
29950,
29220,
27580,
297,
4344,
411,
1178,
21260,
493,
293,
3273,
1002,
545,
338,
437,
344,
14278,
29889,
435,
315,
1915,
2796,
8415,
262,
324,
4737,
370,
29889,
29871,
29906,
29900,
29900,
29906,
29892,
29871,
29947,
29955,
313,
29906,
1125,
29871,
29953,
29900,
29946,
29899,
29953,
29896,
29896,
29889,
13,
29943,
27136,
5465,
350,
29903,
29892,
12607,
4379,
323,
29943,
29892,
317,
546,
2696,
323,
29892,
1085,
8567,
501,
29892,
4957,
695,
11540,
23366,
29892,
315,
4774,
1358,
365,
29901,
26475,
310,
14321,
298,
555,
650,
29220,
27580,
373,
3171,
297,
4344,
411,
1178,
21260,
493,
293,
3273,
1002,
545,
29901,
263,
12700,
29899,
15916,
29889,
2595,
9293,
7163,
29878,
2087,
6544,
29883,
3436,
29889,
29871,
29906,
29900,
29900,
29906,
29892,
29871,
29896,
29945,
29953,
313,
29941,
1125,
29871,
29906,
29941,
29900,
29899,
29906,
29946,
29900,
29889,
13,
28016,
29920,
390,
29931,
29892,
6212,
347,
476,
29924,
29892,
23759,
2079,
435,
29892,
1528,
1173,
319,
29901,
26475,
310,
14321,
298,
555,
650,
14502,
373,
16157,
3171,
310,
4344,
411,
1178,
21260,
493,
293,
3273,
1002,
545,
29889,
5739,
2016,
305,
13435,
3717,
1230,
6431,
29889,
405,
2201,
29880,
435,
3436,
29889,
29871,
29896,
29929,
29929,
29929,
29892,
29871,
29941,
29946,
29900,
313,
29955,
1125,
29871,
29945,
29900,
29906,
29899,
29945,
29900,
29955,
29889,
13,
29928,
4494,
20378,
435,
29901,
402,
798,
386,
714,
26807,
297,
15724,
411,
1178,
21260,
493,
293,
3273,
1002,
545,
14914,
411,
14321,
298,
555,
650,
29220,
27580,
29889,
379,
555,
2538,
2621,
287,
7163,
29878,
29889,
29871,
29906,
29900,
29896,
29896,
29892,
29871,
29955,
29953,
313,
20182,
29880,
29871,
29941,
1125,
29871,
29946,
29906,
29899,
29946,
29945,
29889,
13,
3226,
29872,
17687,
29892,
7287,
557,
435,
29892,
24032,
390,
29892,
12217,
329,
706,
550,
3459,
405,
29892,
13693,
435,
29901,
13355,
2450,
310,
13879,
6942,
411,
1781,
2933,
304,
14321,
298,
555,
650,
29220,
27580,
297,
4344,
411,
3273,
1002,
545,
29901,
2582,
515,
278,
319,
3059,
29956,
1001,
7835,
30342,
29889,
3159,
435,
9293,
7163,
29878,
2796,
8415,
262,
324,
29889,
29871,
29906,
29900,
29896,
29896,
29892,
29871,
29906,
29900,
29896,
29896,
29901,
29871,
29953,
29899,
29896,
29900,
29889,
29896,
29896,
29947,
29953,
29914,
29896,
29953,
29947,
29955,
29899,
29929,
29947,
29945,
29953,
29899,
29906,
29900,
29896,
29896,
29899,
29953,
13,
2182,
335,
2330,
12766,
29892,
28047,
13862,
29892,
8764,
705,
350,
29967,
29892,
6417,
1847,
476,
29892,
678,
666,
1171,
435,
29967,
29892,
14008,
21020,
29892,
13693,
435,
29931,
29892,
13088,
272,
433,
383,
29954,
29892,
11902,
1335,
13862,
29892,
24363,
435,
29924,
29892,
830,
29895,
414,
29899,
29924,
3424,
1191,
365,
29911,
29892,
315,
329,
1358,
19289,
29901,
14795,
3305,
310,
14321,
298,
555,
650,
14502,
297,
8939,
7163,
2200,
22069,
411,
1178,
21260,
493,
293,
3273,
1002,
545,
29889,
435,
315,
1915,
2796,
8415,
262,
324,
4737,
370,
29889,
29871,
29906,
29900,
29900,
29945,
29892,
29871,
29929,
29900,
313,
29929,
1125,
29871,
29945,
29896,
29947,
29947,
29899,
29945,
29896,
29929,
29953,
29889,
13,
29903,
29986,
29894,
355,
4494,
365,
29892,
3219,
267,
341,
29892,
10537,
12371,
29899,
5653,
1049,
476,
29892,
20918,
25961,
350,
29892,
10057,
29880,
435,
29907,
29892,
4114,
29878,
538,
317,
29892,
5013,
29891,
6729,
29872,
384,
405,
29892,
5569,
341,
29892,
796,
392,
18155,
1717,
402,
29892,
379,
554,
1717,
29899,
29968,
7297,
1397,
29874,
319,
29901,
6242,
29899,
8489,
5758,
2877,
322,
9946,
310,
4892,
297,
23968,
402,
26124,
29892,
306,
1799,
29892,
322,
317,
12739,
22069,
14914,
411,
27878,
2109,
424,
14321,
298,
555,
650,
2645,
2278,
6614,
297,
9923,
1974,
29892,
450,
24553,
29892,
322,
24506,
29901,
758,
2576,
3821,
3461,
310,
29871,
29941,
10916,
5221,
1218,
297,
278,
19007,
317,
10051,
29882,
29923,
6559,
29889,
435,
315,
1915,
2796,
8415,
262,
324,
4737,
370,
29889,
29871,
29906,
29900,
29896,
29906,
29892,
29871,
29929,
29955,
313,
29906,
1125,
382,
29906,
29896,
29941,
29899,
29923,
29906,
29896,
29955,
29889,
13,
29934,
7749,
10612,
390,
29954,
29892,
315,
14899,
349,
29892,
6417,
2285,
27624,
29892,
2292,
4979,
29449,
29892,
26234,
880,
349,
29892,
22151,
1171,
9033,
29892,
4957,
586,
860,
317,
29892,
5701,
15109,
349,
29892,
9583,
482,
16999,
29892,
24363,
435,
29924,
29901,
6242,
29899,
8489,
26946,
453,
749,
310,
14321,
298,
555,
650,
29220,
27580,
29889,
435,
315,
1915,
2796,
8415,
262,
324,
4737,
370,
29889,
29871,
29906,
29900,
29896,
29906,
29892,
29871,
29929,
29955,
313,
29896,
1125,
29871,
29953,
29947,
29899,
29955,
29906,
29889,
13,
6833,
29890,
1358,
18016,
29892,
13822,
5145,
435,
29892,
4624,
9089,
1100,
23366,
29901,
7089,
403,
29901,
1178,
21260,
493,
293,
3273,
1002,
545,
881,
367,
14914,
411,
14321,
298,
555,
650,
29889,
435,
2621,
287,
7163,
29878,
10517,
15202,
29889,
29871,
29906,
29900,
29896,
29941,
29892,
29871,
29946,
29929,
313,
29941,
1125,
29871,
29896,
29953,
29945,
29899,
29896,
29953,
29929,
29889,
13,
29934,
7749,
14073,
290,
14445,
29901,
5163,
21260,
493,
293,
3273,
1002,
545,
29901,
378,
870,
5848,
29879,
310,
5023,
322,
14502,
29889,
3159,
435,
9293,
7163,
29878,
2796,
8415,
262,
324,
29889,
29871,
29906,
29900,
29900,
29929,
29892,
29871,
29906,
29900,
29900,
29929,
29901,
29871,
29946,
29955,
29900,
29941,
29955,
29947,
29899,
29896,
29900,
29889,
29896,
29896,
29945,
29945,
29914,
29906
] | 2,695 | 17,408 | CommonCrawl | 14 | 10 |
009/470378. Epub 2009 Mar 12
Voss LD: Growth hormone therapy for the short normal child: who needs it and who wants it? The case against growth hormone therapy. J Pediatr. 2000, 136 (1): 103-106.
Kelnar CJ: Growth hormone for short children–whom should we be treating and why?. J R Coll Physicians Edinb. 2012, 42 (1): 32-33.
Deodati A, Cianfarani S: Impact of growth hormone therapy on adult height of children with idiopathic short stature: systematic review. BMJ. 2011, 342: c7157-
Lee JM, Davis MM, Clark SJ, Hofer TP, Kemper AR: Estimated cost-effectiveness of growth hormone therapy for idiopathic short stature. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med. 2006, 160 (3): 263-269.
Durand-Zaleski I: Developments in idiopathic short stature: cost versus allocation of resources. Horm Res Paediatr. 2011, 76 (Suppl 3): 33-35.
Wit JM, Dunkel L: Developments in Idiopathic Short Stature. Horm Res Paediatr. 2011, 76 (suppl 3): 1-2.
Allen DB, Fost N: hGH for short stature: ethical issues raised by expanded access. J Pediatr. 2004, 144 (5): 648-652.
Theunissen NC, Kamp GA, Koopman HM, Zwinderman KA, Vogels T, Wit JM: Quality of life and self-esteem in children treated for idiopathic short stature. J Pediatr. 2002, 140 (5): 507-515.
Sandberg DE, Bukowski WM, Fung CM, Noll RB: Height and social adjustment: are extremes a cause for concern and action?. Pediatrics. 2004, 114 (3): 744-750.
Sandberg DE: Psychosocial aspects of short stature and its management: good deeds require good science. Horm Res Paediatr. 2011, 76 (Suppl 3): 37-39.
Rosenbloom AL: Pediatric endo-cosmetology and the evolution of growth diagnosis and treatment. J Pediatr. 2011, 158 (2): 187-193.
Rekers-Mombarg LT, Busschbach JJ, Massa GG, Dicke J, Wit JM: Quality of life of young adults with idiopathic short stature: effect of growth hormone treatment. Dutch Growth Hormone Working Group. Acta Paediatr. 1998, 87 (8): 865-870.
Chaplin JE: Growth-related quality of life. Horm Res Paediatr. 2011, 76 (Suppl 3): 51-52.
Noeker M: Psychological functioning in idiopathic short stature. Horm Res Paediatr. 2011, 76 (Suppl 3): 52-56.
Rosenfeld RG, Hwa V: Toward a molecular basis for idiopathic short stature. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2004, 89 (3): 1066-1067.
Kiess W, Kratzsch J, Kruis T, Müller E, Wallborn T, Odeh R, Schlicke M, Klammt J, Pfäffle R: Genetics of human stature: Insight from single gene disorders. Horm Res Paediatr. 2011, 76 (Suppl 3): 11-13 | -0.566615 | 0.558387 | 1.044038 | 0.836726 | [
-0.602226687298969,
-0.5310035649910334
] | [
0.42767141708413603,
0.6891031899553549
] | [
0.993313295043991,
1.0947629360593618
] | [
0.784698440563431,
0.8887532512935463
] | 1,024 | [
512,
512
] | [
29900,
29900,
29929,
29914,
29946,
29955,
29900,
29941,
29955,
29947,
29889,
382,
5467,
29871,
29906,
29900,
29900,
29929,
1085,
29871,
29896,
29906,
13,
29963,
2209,
365,
29928,
29901,
402,
798,
386,
298,
555,
650,
29220,
27580,
363,
278,
3273,
4226,
2278,
29901,
1058,
4225,
372,
322,
1058,
10753,
372,
29973,
450,
1206,
2750,
14321,
298,
555,
650,
29220,
27580,
29889,
435,
9293,
7163,
29878,
29889,
29871,
29906,
29900,
29900,
29900,
29892,
29871,
29896,
29941,
29953,
313,
29896,
1125,
29871,
29896,
29900,
29941,
29899,
29896,
29900,
29953,
29889,
13,
29968,
3478,
279,
315,
29967,
29901,
402,
798,
386,
298,
555,
650,
363,
3273,
4344,
29994,
1332,
290,
881,
591,
367,
2578,
1218,
322,
2020,
9808,
435,
390,
13435,
11661,
14722,
2155,
262,
29890,
29889,
29871,
29906,
29900,
29896,
29906,
29892,
29871,
29946,
29906,
313,
29896,
1125,
29871,
29941,
29906,
29899,
29941,
29941,
29889,
13,
2772,
397,
2219,
319,
29892,
315,
713,
15641,
3270,
317,
29901,
14305,
627,
310,
14321,
298,
555,
650,
29220,
27580,
373,
16157,
3171,
310,
4344,
411,
1178,
21260,
493,
293,
3273,
1002,
545,
29901,
1788,
2454,
9076,
29889,
350,
29924,
29967,
29889,
29871,
29906,
29900,
29896,
29896,
29892,
29871,
29941,
29946,
29906,
29901,
274,
29955,
29896,
29945,
29955,
29899,
13,
3226,
29872,
435,
29924,
29892,
15225,
28880,
29892,
17129,
317,
29967,
29892,
8335,
571,
323,
29925,
29892,
476,
331,
546,
9033,
29901,
2661,
326,
630,
3438,
29899,
15987,
20193,
310,
14321,
298,
555,
650,
29220,
27580,
363,
1178,
21260,
493,
293,
3273,
1002,
545,
29889,
2595,
9293,
7163,
29878,
2087,
6544,
29883,
3436,
29889,
29871,
29906,
29900,
29900,
29953,
29892,
29871,
29896,
29953,
29900,
313,
29941,
1125,
29871,
29906,
29953,
29941,
29899,
29906,
29953,
29929,
29889,
13,
29928,
332,
392,
29899,
29999,
2122,
1984,
306,
29901,
10682,
1860,
297,
1178,
21260,
493,
293,
3273,
1002,
545,
29901,
3438,
23797,
24082,
310,
7788,
29889,
379,
555,
2538,
2621,
287,
7163,
29878,
29889,
29871,
29906,
29900,
29896,
29896,
29892,
29871,
29955,
29953,
313,
20182,
29880,
29871,
29941,
1125,
29871,
29941,
29941,
29899,
29941,
29945,
29889,
13,
29956,
277,
435,
29924,
29892,
360,
2960,
295,
365,
29901,
10682,
1860,
297,
5163,
21260,
493,
293,
13899,
624,
1535,
29889,
379,
555,
2538,
2621,
287,
7163,
29878,
29889,
29871,
29906,
29900,
29896,
29896,
29892,
29871,
29955,
29953,
313,
19303,
29880,
29871,
29941,
1125,
29871,
29896,
29899,
29906,
29889,
13,
3596,
264,
6535,
29892,
383,
520,
405,
29901,
298,
29954,
29950,
363,
3273,
1002,
545,
29901,
11314,
936,
5626,
10425,
491,
17832,
2130,
29889,
435,
9293,
7163,
29878,
29889,
29871,
29906,
29900,
29900,
29946,
29892,
29871,
29896,
29946,
29946,
313,
29945,
1125,
29871,
29953,
29946,
29947,
29899,
29953,
29945,
29906,
29889,
13,
1576,
348,
13119,
25166,
29892,
476,
1160,
402,
29909,
29892,
8224,
459,
1171,
379,
29924,
29892,
12017,
513,
3504,
476,
29909,
29892,
20797,
1379,
323,
29892,
24363,
435,
29924,
29901,
751,
2877,
310,
2834,
322,
1583,
29899,
4196,
331,
297,
4344,
14914,
363,
1178,
21260,
493,
293,
3273,
1002,
545,
29889,
435,
9293,
7163,
29878,
29889,
29871,
29906,
29900,
29900,
29906,
29892,
29871,
29896,
29946,
29900,
313,
29945,
1125,
29871,
29945,
29900,
29955,
29899,
29945,
29896,
29945,
29889,
13,
29903,
392,
2552,
5012,
29892,
350,
2679,
11716,
29783,
29892,
383,
686,
315,
29924,
29892,
405,
3028,
390,
29933,
29901,
22907,
322,
5264,
10365,
358,
29901,
526,
9413,
267,
263,
4556,
363,
5932,
322,
3158,
9808,
9293,
7163,
10817,
29889,
29871,
29906,
29900,
29900,
29946,
29892,
29871,
29896,
29896,
29946,
313,
29941,
1125,
29871,
29955,
29946,
29946,
29899,
29955,
29945,
29900,
29889,
13,
29903,
392,
2552,
5012,
29901,
16777,
9064,
1455,
21420,
310,
3273,
1002,
545,
322,
967,
10643,
29901,
1781,
316,
5779,
1996,
1781,
10466,
29889,
379,
555,
2538,
2621,
287,
7163,
29878,
29889,
29871,
29906,
29900,
29896,
29896,
29892,
29871,
29955,
29953,
313,
20182,
29880,
29871,
29941,
1125,
29871,
29941,
29955,
29899,
29941,
29929,
29889,
13,
29934,
7749,
14073,
290,
14445,
29901,
9293,
7163,
2200,
1095,
29877,
29899,
3944,
2527,
3002,
322,
278,
14675,
310,
14321,
24876,
19263,
322,
14502,
29889,
435,
9293,
7163,
29878,
29889,
29871,
29906,
29900,
29896,
29896,
29892,
29871,
29896,
29945,
29947,
313,
29906,
1125,
29871,
29896,
29947,
29955,
29899,
29896,
29929,
29941,
29889,
13,
1123,
29895,
414,
29899,
29924,
3424,
1191,
365,
29911,
29892,
8406,
816,
6740,
435,
29967,
29892,
7360,
29874,
402,
29954,
29892,
28550,
446,
435,
29892,
24363,
435,
29924,
29901,
751,
2877,
310,
2834,
310,
4123,
16157,
29879,
411,
1178,
21260,
493,
293,
3273,
1002,
545,
29901,
2779,
310,
14321,
298,
555,
650,
14502,
29889,
14872,
402,
798,
386,
379,
555,
650,
24176,
6431,
29889,
3185,
29874,
2621,
287,
7163,
29878,
29889,
29871,
29896,
29929,
29929,
29947,
29892,
29871,
29947,
29955,
313,
29947,
1125,
29871,
29947,
29953,
29945,
29899,
29947,
29955,
29900,
29889,
13,
1451,
481,
1915,
435,
29923,
29901,
402,
798,
386,
29899,
12817,
11029,
310,
2834,
29889,
379,
555,
2538,
2621,
287,
7163,
29878,
29889,
29871,
29906,
29900,
29896,
29896,
29892,
29871,
29955,
29953,
313,
20182,
29880,
29871,
29941,
1125,
29871,
29945,
29896,
29899,
29945,
29906,
29889,
13,
3782,
1416,
261,
341,
29901,
16777,
5996,
740,
292,
297,
1178,
21260,
493,
293,
3273,
1002,
545,
29889,
379,
555,
2538,
2621,
287,
7163,
29878,
29889,
29871,
29906,
29900,
29896,
29896,
29892,
29871,
29955,
29953,
313,
20182,
29880,
29871,
29941,
1125,
29871,
29945,
29906,
29899,
29945,
29953,
29889,
13,
29934,
7749,
10612,
390,
29954,
29892,
379,
2766,
478,
29901,
22578,
538,
263,
13206,
16637,
8405,
363,
1178,
21260,
493,
293,
3273,
1002,
545,
29889,
435,
315,
1915,
2796,
8415,
262,
324,
4737,
370,
29889,
29871,
29906,
29900,
29900,
29946,
29892,
29871,
29947,
29929,
313,
29941,
1125,
29871,
29896,
29900,
29953,
29953,
29899,
29896,
29900,
29953,
29955,
29889,
13,
29968,
29875,
404,
399,
29892,
476,
3605,
29920,
816,
435,
29892,
28499,
275,
323,
29892,
22226,
382,
29892,
14406,
4939,
323,
29892,
438,
311,
29882,
390,
29892,
1102,
506,
446,
341,
29892,
476,
5288,
4378,
435,
29892,
10022,
29986,
600,
280,
390,
29901,
5739,
300,
1199,
310,
5199,
1002,
545,
29901,
13377,
523,
515,
2323,
18530,
766,
20488,
29889,
379,
555,
2538,
2621,
287,
7163,
29878,
29889,
29871,
29906,
29900,
29896,
29896,
29892,
29871,
29955,
29953,
313,
20182,
29880,
29871,
29941,
1125,
29871,
29896,
29896,
29899,
29896,
29941
] | 2,695 | 18,432 | CommonCrawl | 14 | 10 |
.
Hess O, Khayat M, Hwa V, Heath KE, Teitler A, Hritan Y, Allon-Shalev S, Tenenbaum-Rakover Y: A novel mutation in IGFALS, c.380T>C (p.L127P), associated with short stature, delayed puberty, osteopenia and hyperinsulinaemia in two siblings: insights into the roles of insulin growth factor-1 (IGF1). Clin Endocrinol (Oxf). 2013, 79 (6): 838-844.
Rojas-Gil AP, Ziros PG, Diaz L, Kletsas D, Basdra EK, Alexandrides TK, Zadik Z, Frank SJ, Papathanassopoulou V, Beratis NG, Papavassiliou AG, Spiliotis BE: Growth hormone/JAK-STAT axis signal-transduction defect: a novel treatable cause of growth failure. FEBS J. 2006, 273 (15): 3454-3466.
Pugliese-Pires PN, Fortin JP, Arthur T, Latronico AC, Mendonca BB, Villares SM, Arnhold IJ, Kopin AS, Jorge AA: Novel inactivating mutations in the GH secretagogue receptor gene in patients with constitutional delay of growth and puberty. Eur J Endocrinol. 2011, 165 (2): 233-241.
van Duyvenvoorde HA, van Setten PA, Walenkamp MJ, van Doorn J, Koenig J, Gauguin L, Oostdijk W, Ruivenkamp CA, Losekoot M, Wade JD, De Meyts P, Karperien M, Noordam C, Wit JM: Short stature associated with a novel heterozygous mutation in the insulin-like growth factor 1 gene. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2010, 95 (11): E363-E367.
Su PH, Yang SF, Yu JS, Chen SJ, Chen JY: A polymorphism in the leptin receptor gene at position 223 is associated with growth hormone replacement therapy responsiveness in idiopathic short stature and growth hormone deficiency patients. Eur J Med Genet. 2012, 55 (12): 682-687.
Ayling RM, Ross R, Towner P, Von Laue S, Finidori J, Moutoussamy S, Buchanan CR, Clayton PE, Norman MR: A dominant-negative mutation of the growth hormone receptor causes familial short stature. Nat Genet. 1997, 16 (1): 13-14.
Trovato L, Prodam F, Genoni G, De Rienzo F, Walker GE, Moia S, Riccomagno S, Bellone S, Bona G: Involvement of genes related to inflammation and cell cycle in idiopathic short stature. Pituitary. 2013, 16 (1): 83-90.
Vasques GA, Amano N, Docko AJ, Funari MF, Quedas EP, Nishi MY, Arnhold IJ, Hasegawa T, Jorge AA: Heterozygous Mutations in Natriuretic Peptide Receptor-B (NPR2) Gene as a Cause of Short Stature in Patients Initially Classified as Idiopathic Short Stature. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2013, 98 (10): E1636-E1644.
Rao E, Weiss B, Fukami M, Rump A, Niesler B, Mertz A, Muroya K, Binder G, Kirsch S, Winkelmann M, Nordsiek G, Heinrich U, Breuning MH, Ranke MB, Rosenthal A, Ogata T, Rappold GA: Pseudoautosomal deletions encompassing a novel homeobox gene cause growth failure in idiopath | -0.810417 | 0.789378 | 0.191861 | 1.164498 | [
-0.6323595467369417,
-0.9884751582766195
] | [
0.7034282186058327,
0.8753285624115656
] | [
0.22736850537794176,
0.1563537566671822
] | [
1.211323164556904,
1.1176738348998
] | 1,024 | [
512,
512
] | [
29889,
13,
29950,
404,
438,
29892,
12217,
388,
271,
341,
29892,
379,
2766,
478,
29892,
940,
493,
476,
29923,
29892,
1920,
277,
1358,
319,
29892,
379,
768,
273,
612,
29892,
2178,
265,
29899,
2713,
744,
29894,
317,
29892,
323,
6537,
29602,
29899,
29934,
557,
957,
612,
29901,
319,
9554,
5478,
362,
297,
306,
29954,
29943,
1964,
29903,
29892,
274,
29889,
29941,
29947,
29900,
29911,
29958,
29907,
313,
29886,
29889,
29931,
29896,
29906,
29955,
29925,
511,
6942,
411,
3273,
1002,
545,
29892,
29801,
2529,
814,
29891,
29892,
288,
1655,
3150,
423,
322,
11266,
1144,
352,
1099,
29747,
297,
1023,
27767,
18964,
29901,
1663,
5861,
964,
278,
16178,
310,
1663,
352,
262,
14321,
7329,
29899,
29896,
313,
6259,
29943,
29896,
467,
315,
1915,
2796,
8415,
262,
324,
313,
29949,
24660,
467,
29871,
29906,
29900,
29896,
29941,
29892,
29871,
29955,
29929,
313,
29953,
1125,
29871,
29947,
29941,
29947,
29899,
29947,
29946,
29946,
29889,
13,
29934,
3848,
294,
29899,
29954,
309,
12279,
29892,
796,
17177,
349,
29954,
29892,
22866,
29920,
365,
29892,
476,
10376,
294,
360,
29892,
4886,
19811,
382,
29968,
29892,
13878,
24040,
323,
29968,
29892,
796,
328,
638,
796,
29892,
4976,
317,
29967,
29892,
8579,
11385,
465,
459,
5059,
283,
478,
29892,
2292,
18792,
405,
29954,
29892,
8579,
485,
465,
2638,
283,
16369,
29892,
1706,
2638,
327,
275,
20700,
29901,
402,
798,
386,
298,
555,
650,
29914,
29967,
22311,
29899,
17816,
9685,
7182,
29899,
3286,
700,
428,
23503,
29901,
263,
9554,
7539,
519,
4556,
310,
14321,
10672,
29889,
383,
29923,
9851,
435,
29889,
29871,
29906,
29900,
29900,
29953,
29892,
29871,
29906,
29955,
29941,
313,
29896,
29945,
1125,
29871,
29941,
29946,
29945,
29946,
29899,
29941,
29946,
29953,
29953,
29889,
13,
29925,
688,
492,
968,
29899,
29925,
2658,
349,
29940,
29892,
7236,
262,
435,
29925,
29892,
11498,
323,
29892,
7053,
1617,
1417,
14614,
29892,
341,
355,
265,
1113,
29449,
29892,
9887,
5114,
13766,
29892,
13767,
8948,
306,
29967,
29892,
27476,
262,
3339,
29892,
21801,
22704,
29901,
2864,
295,
297,
11236,
1218,
5478,
800,
297,
278,
402,
29950,
22183,
4039,
468,
434,
337,
14268,
18530,
297,
22069,
411,
16772,
284,
9055,
310,
14321,
322,
2529,
814,
29891,
29889,
26360,
435,
2796,
8415,
262,
324,
29889,
29871,
29906,
29900,
29896,
29896,
29892,
29871,
29896,
29953,
29945,
313,
29906,
1125,
29871,
29906,
29941,
29941,
29899,
29906,
29946,
29896,
29889,
13,
3703,
5334,
29891,
854,
21525,
311,
379,
29909,
29892,
1109,
3789,
841,
17687,
29892,
5260,
5842,
1160,
341,
29967,
29892,
1109,
1938,
1398,
435,
29892,
8224,
19197,
435,
29892,
402,
585,
2543,
262,
365,
29892,
438,
520,
29881,
13535,
399,
29892,
9723,
5428,
29895,
1160,
12766,
29892,
365,
852,
2901,
327,
341,
29892,
399,
1943,
435,
29928,
29892,
897,
18154,
1372,
349,
29892,
3467,
546,
819,
341,
29892,
1939,
536,
314,
315,
29892,
24363,
435,
29924,
29901,
13899,
1002,
545,
6942,
411,
263,
9554,
25745,
29877,
1537,
29887,
681,
5478,
362,
297,
278,
1663,
352,
262,
29899,
4561,
14321,
7329,
29871,
29896,
18530,
29889,
435,
315,
1915,
2796,
8415,
262,
324,
4737,
370,
29889,
29871,
29906,
29900,
29896,
29900,
29892,
29871,
29929,
29945,
313,
29896,
29896,
1125,
382,
29941,
29953,
29941,
29899,
29923,
29941,
29953,
29955,
29889,
13,
5091,
349,
29950,
29892,
27583,
28768,
29892,
27669,
7649,
29892,
21589,
317,
29967,
29892,
21589,
435,
29979,
29901,
319,
24324,
28611,
297,
278,
454,
415,
262,
337,
14268,
18530,
472,
2602,
29871,
29906,
29906,
29941,
338,
6942,
411,
14321,
298,
555,
650,
16920,
29220,
27580,
5544,
20193,
297,
1178,
21260,
493,
293,
3273,
1002,
545,
322,
14321,
298,
555,
650,
822,
293,
13396,
22069,
29889,
26360,
435,
3436,
5739,
300,
29889,
29871,
29906,
29900,
29896,
29906,
29892,
29871,
29945,
29945,
313,
29896,
29906,
1125,
29871,
29953,
29947,
29906,
29899,
29953,
29947,
29955,
29889,
13,
29909,
29891,
1847,
390,
29924,
29892,
13693,
390,
29892,
8421,
261,
349,
29892,
9299,
997,
434,
317,
29892,
4231,
333,
4170,
435,
29892,
341,
449,
681,
13445,
29891,
317,
29892,
10586,
273,
273,
15600,
29892,
26234,
880,
349,
29923,
29892,
21296,
29751,
29901,
319,
28526,
29899,
22198,
5478,
362,
310,
278,
14321,
298,
555,
650,
337,
14268,
9946,
1832,
616,
3273,
1002,
545,
29889,
19259,
5739,
300,
29889,
29871,
29896,
29929,
29929,
29955,
29892,
29871,
29896,
29953,
313,
29896,
1125,
29871,
29896,
29941,
29899,
29896,
29946,
29889,
13,
29911,
10139,
1219,
365,
29892,
1019,
16846,
383,
29892,
5739,
5271,
402,
29892,
897,
390,
819,
2502,
383,
29892,
19512,
402,
29923,
29892,
4546,
423,
317,
29892,
13675,
510,
351,
1217,
317,
29892,
10914,
650,
317,
29892,
350,
2681,
402,
29901,
512,
1555,
29841,
310,
2531,
267,
4475,
304,
4414,
4850,
362,
322,
3038,
11412,
297,
1178,
21260,
493,
293,
3273,
1002,
545,
29889,
349,
1981,
277,
653,
29889,
29871,
29906,
29900,
29896,
29941,
29892,
29871,
29896,
29953,
313,
29896,
1125,
29871,
29947,
29941,
29899,
29929,
29900,
29889,
13,
29963,
294,
1912,
402,
29909,
29892,
319,
1171,
29877,
405,
29892,
360,
1698,
29877,
319,
29967,
29892,
13811,
1306,
341,
29943,
29892,
751,
287,
294,
16502,
29892,
405,
29603,
19519,
29892,
13767,
8948,
306,
29967,
29892,
11699,
387,
10011,
323,
29892,
21801,
22704,
29901,
379,
1308,
29877,
1537,
29887,
681,
20749,
800,
297,
19259,
374,
545,
29873,
293,
3938,
415,
680,
830,
14268,
29899,
29933,
313,
29940,
10593,
29906,
29897,
15350,
408,
263,
315,
1071,
310,
13899,
624,
1535,
297,
4121,
10070,
17250,
368,
4134,
2164,
408,
5163,
21260,
493,
293,
13899,
624,
1535,
29889,
435,
315,
1915,
2796,
8415,
262,
324,
4737,
370,
29889,
29871,
29906,
29900,
29896,
29941,
29892,
29871,
29929,
29947,
313,
29896,
29900,
1125,
382,
29896,
29953,
29941,
29953,
29899,
29923,
29896,
29953,
29946,
29946,
29889,
13,
29934,
6241,
382,
29892,
1334,
790,
350,
29892,
383,
2679,
4479,
341,
29892,
390,
3427,
319,
29892,
405,
583,
1358,
350,
29892,
341,
814,
29920,
319,
29892,
341,
2192,
3761,
476,
29892,
350,
4995,
402,
29892,
5201,
816,
317,
29892,
399,
27136,
4403,
341,
29892,
405,
4339,
11718,
402,
29892,
12612,
501,
29892,
5826,
27964,
341,
29950,
29892,
22392,
446,
13232,
29892,
5678,
296,
4077,
319,
29892,
20807,
532,
323,
29892,
390,
932,
1025,
402,
29909,
29901,
17646,
5333,
1300,
359,
290,
284,
7374,
1080,
427,
2388,
465,
292,
263,
9554,
3271,
23518,
18530,
4556,
14321,
10672,
297,
1178,
21260,
493
] | 2,695 | 19,456 | CommonCrawl | 22 | 21 |
ic short stature and Turner syndrome. Nat Genet. 1997, 16 (1): 54-63.
Dunkel L, Wit JM: Developments in idiopathic short stature. Horm Res Paediatr. 2011, 76 (Suppl 3): 1-60.
Cohen P, Rogol AD, Deal CL, Saenger P, Reiter EO, Ross JL, Chernausek SD, Savage MO, Wit JM, 2007 ISS Consensus Workshop participants: Consensus statement on the diagnosis and treatment of children with idiopathic short stature: a summary of the Growth Hormone Research Society, the Lawson Wilkins Pediatric Endocrine Society, and the European Society for Paediatric Endocrinology Workshop. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2008, 93 (11): 4210-4217.
Savage MO, Bang P: The variability of responses to growth hormone therapy in children with short stature. Indian J Endocrinol Metab. 2012, 16 (Suppl 2): S178-S184.
Wit JM, Clayton PE, Rogol AD, Savage MO, Saenger PH, Cohen P: Idiopathic short stature: definition, epidemiology, and diagnostic evaluation. Growth Horm IGF Res. 2008, 18 (2): 89-110.
Rekers-Mombarg LT, Wit JM, Massa GG, Ranke MB, Buckler JM, Butenandt O, Chaussain JL, Frisch H, Leiberman E: Spontaneous growth in idiopathic short stature. European Study Group. Arch Dis Child. 1996, 75 (3): 175-180.
Ranke MB, Grauer ML, Kistner K, Blum WF, Wollmann HA: Spontaneous adult height in idiopathic short stature. Horm Res. 1995, 44 (4): 152-157.
Ranke MB: Towards a consensus on the definition of idiopathic short stature. Horm Res. 1996, 45 (Suppl 2): 64-66.
Price DA: Spontaneous adult height in patients with idiopathic short stature. Horm Res. 1996, 45 (Suppl 2): 59-63.
Poyrazoğlu S, Günöz H, Darendeliler F, Saka N, Bundak R, Baş F: Constitutional delay of growth and puberty: from presentation to final height. J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab. 2005, 18 (2): 171-179.
LaFranchi S, Hanna CE, Mandel SH: Constitutional delay of growth: expected versus final adult height. Pediatrics. 1991, 87 (1): 82-87.
Crowne EC, Shalet SM, Wallace WH, Eminson DM, Price DA: Final height in boys with untreated constitutional delay in growth and puberty. Arch Dis Child. 1990, 65 (10): 1109-1112.
Crowne EC, Shalet SM, Wallace WH, Eminson DM, Price DA: Final height in girls with untreated constitutional delay in growth and puberty. Eur J Pediatr. 1991, 150 (10): 708-712.
Wit JM: Definition and subcategorization of idiopathic short stature: between consensus and controversy. Horm Res Paediatr. 2011, 76 (Suppl 3): 3-6.
Brown DC, Butler GE, Kelnar CJ, Wu FC: A double blind, placebo controlled study of the effects of low dose testosterone undecanoate on the growth of small for age, prepubertal boys. Arch Dis Child. 1995, 73 (2): 131-135 | -0.830962 | 0.848469 | 0.830994 | 1.03443 | [
-0.7775451422108104,
-0.8843798256727137
] | [
1.0615539348677765,
0.6353843325160634
] | [
1.0338931514501393,
0.6280945873886563
] | [
1.1697012402648579,
0.8991587323665579
] | 1,024 | [
512,
512
] | [
293,
3273,
1002,
545,
322,
24215,
22898,
4871,
29889,
19259,
5739,
300,
29889,
29871,
29896,
29929,
29929,
29955,
29892,
29871,
29896,
29953,
313,
29896,
1125,
29871,
29945,
29946,
29899,
29953,
29941,
29889,
13,
29928,
2960,
295,
365,
29892,
24363,
435,
29924,
29901,
10682,
1860,
297,
1178,
21260,
493,
293,
3273,
1002,
545,
29889,
379,
555,
2538,
2621,
287,
7163,
29878,
29889,
29871,
29906,
29900,
29896,
29896,
29892,
29871,
29955,
29953,
313,
20182,
29880,
29871,
29941,
1125,
29871,
29896,
29899,
29953,
29900,
29889,
13,
29907,
14899,
349,
29892,
9272,
324,
11033,
29892,
897,
284,
17332,
29892,
5701,
15109,
349,
29892,
830,
1524,
382,
29949,
29892,
13693,
435,
29931,
29892,
678,
824,
1071,
29895,
8073,
29892,
9583,
482,
16999,
29892,
24363,
435,
29924,
29892,
29871,
29906,
29900,
29900,
29955,
306,
1799,
2138,
8841,
5244,
19032,
27138,
29901,
2138,
8841,
3229,
373,
278,
24876,
19263,
322,
14502,
310,
4344,
411,
1178,
21260,
493,
293,
3273,
1002,
545,
29901,
263,
15837,
310,
278,
402,
798,
386,
379,
555,
650,
10550,
7765,
29892,
278,
7927,
1100,
4624,
11335,
9293,
7163,
2200,
2796,
8415,
457,
7765,
29892,
322,
278,
7824,
7765,
363,
2621,
287,
7163,
2200,
2796,
8415,
262,
3002,
5244,
19032,
29889,
435,
315,
1915,
2796,
8415,
262,
324,
4737,
370,
29889,
29871,
29906,
29900,
29900,
29947,
29892,
29871,
29929,
29941,
313,
29896,
29896,
1125,
29871,
29946,
29906,
29896,
29900,
29899,
29946,
29906,
29896,
29955,
29889,
13,
29903,
485,
482,
16999,
29892,
14320,
349,
29901,
450,
1197,
3097,
310,
20890,
304,
14321,
298,
555,
650,
29220,
27580,
297,
4344,
411,
3273,
1002,
545,
29889,
7560,
435,
2796,
8415,
262,
324,
4737,
370,
29889,
29871,
29906,
29900,
29896,
29906,
29892,
29871,
29896,
29953,
313,
20182,
29880,
29871,
29906,
1125,
317,
29896,
29955,
29947,
29899,
29903,
29896,
29947,
29946,
29889,
13,
29956,
277,
435,
29924,
29892,
26234,
880,
349,
29923,
29892,
9272,
324,
11033,
29892,
9583,
482,
16999,
29892,
5701,
15109,
349,
29950,
29892,
315,
14899,
349,
29901,
5163,
21260,
493,
293,
3273,
1002,
545,
29901,
5023,
29892,
9358,
680,
2460,
3002,
29892,
322,
652,
21780,
17983,
29889,
402,
798,
386,
379,
555,
306,
29954,
29943,
2538,
29889,
29871,
29906,
29900,
29900,
29947,
29892,
29871,
29896,
29947,
313,
29906,
1125,
29871,
29947,
29929,
29899,
29896,
29896,
29900,
29889,
13,
1123,
29895,
414,
29899,
29924,
3424,
1191,
365,
29911,
29892,
24363,
435,
29924,
29892,
7360,
29874,
402,
29954,
29892,
22392,
446,
13232,
29892,
16281,
1358,
435,
29924,
29892,
1205,
264,
392,
29873,
438,
29892,
678,
11214,
475,
435,
29931,
29892,
4693,
783,
379,
29892,
951,
12347,
1171,
382,
29901,
1706,
609,
23584,
14321,
297,
1178,
21260,
493,
293,
3273,
1002,
545,
29889,
7824,
29301,
6431,
29889,
2595,
3295,
10517,
29889,
29871,
29896,
29929,
29929,
29953,
29892,
29871,
29955,
29945,
313,
29941,
1125,
29871,
29896,
29955,
29945,
29899,
29896,
29947,
29900,
29889,
13,
29934,
273,
446,
13232,
29892,
4989,
2853,
23158,
29892,
476,
391,
1089,
476,
29892,
3164,
398,
399,
29943,
29892,
399,
3028,
4403,
379,
29909,
29901,
1706,
609,
23584,
16157,
3171,
297,
1178,
21260,
493,
293,
3273,
1002,
545,
29889,
379,
555,
2538,
29889,
29871,
29896,
29929,
29929,
29945,
29892,
29871,
29946,
29946,
313,
29946,
1125,
29871,
29896,
29945,
29906,
29899,
29896,
29945,
29955,
29889,
13,
29934,
273,
446,
13232,
29901,
22578,
3163,
263,
1136,
8841,
373,
278,
5023,
310,
1178,
21260,
493,
293,
3273,
1002,
545,
29889,
379,
555,
2538,
29889,
29871,
29896,
29929,
29929,
29953,
29892,
29871,
29946,
29945,
313,
20182,
29880,
29871,
29906,
1125,
29871,
29953,
29946,
29899,
29953,
29953,
29889,
13,
13026,
21330,
29901,
1706,
609,
23584,
16157,
3171,
297,
22069,
411,
1178,
21260,
493,
293,
3273,
1002,
545,
29889,
379,
555,
2538,
29889,
29871,
29896,
29929,
29929,
29953,
29892,
29871,
29946,
29945,
313,
20182,
29880,
29871,
29906,
1125,
29871,
29945,
29929,
29899,
29953,
29941,
29889,
13,
9837,
29891,
336,
2502,
30200,
6092,
317,
29892,
26974,
29997,
29920,
379,
29892,
7335,
355,
295,
3955,
383,
29892,
317,
8245,
405,
29892,
24240,
557,
390,
29892,
6000,
30169,
383,
29901,
20063,
284,
9055,
310,
14321,
322,
2529,
814,
29891,
29901,
515,
24329,
304,
2186,
3171,
29889,
435,
9293,
7163,
29878,
2796,
8415,
262,
324,
4737,
370,
29889,
29871,
29906,
29900,
29900,
29945,
29892,
29871,
29896,
29947,
313,
29906,
1125,
29871,
29896,
29955,
29896,
29899,
29896,
29955,
29929,
29889,
13,
5661,
29943,
4014,
29875,
317,
29892,
379,
9713,
14645,
29892,
15419,
295,
24972,
29901,
20063,
284,
9055,
310,
14321,
29901,
3806,
23797,
2186,
16157,
3171,
29889,
9293,
7163,
10817,
29889,
29871,
29896,
29929,
29929,
29896,
29892,
29871,
29947,
29955,
313,
29896,
1125,
29871,
29947,
29906,
29899,
29947,
29955,
29889,
13,
29907,
798,
484,
17522,
29892,
1383,
9457,
13766,
29892,
5260,
1265,
12317,
29892,
382,
1195,
1100,
27692,
29892,
20743,
21330,
29901,
9550,
3171,
297,
12544,
411,
443,
2484,
630,
16772,
284,
9055,
297,
14321,
322,
2529,
814,
29891,
29889,
2595,
3295,
10517,
29889,
29871,
29896,
29929,
29929,
29900,
29892,
29871,
29953,
29945,
313,
29896,
29900,
1125,
29871,
29896,
29896,
29900,
29929,
29899,
29896,
29896,
29896,
29906,
29889,
13,
29907,
798,
484,
17522,
29892,
1383,
9457,
13766,
29892,
5260,
1265,
12317,
29892,
382,
1195,
1100,
27692,
29892,
20743,
21330,
29901,
9550,
3171,
297,
14000,
411,
443,
2484,
630,
16772,
284,
9055,
297,
14321,
322,
2529,
814,
29891,
29889,
26360,
435,
9293,
7163,
29878,
29889,
29871,
29896,
29929,
29929,
29896,
29892,
29871,
29896,
29945,
29900,
313,
29896,
29900,
1125,
29871,
29955,
29900,
29947,
29899,
29955,
29896,
29906,
29889,
13,
29956,
277,
435,
29924,
29901,
21940,
322,
1014,
29883,
20440,
2133,
310,
1178,
21260,
493,
293,
3273,
1002,
545,
29901,
1546,
1136,
8841,
322,
19341,
29891,
29889,
379,
555,
2538,
2621,
287,
7163,
29878,
29889,
29871,
29906,
29900,
29896,
29896,
29892,
29871,
29955,
29953,
313,
20182,
29880,
29871,
29941,
1125,
29871,
29941,
29899,
29953,
29889,
13,
29933,
4708,
13681,
29892,
29384,
402,
29923,
29892,
476,
3478,
279,
315,
29967,
29892,
29624,
7992,
29901,
319,
3765,
16842,
29892,
2058,
833,
20704,
6559,
310,
278,
9545,
310,
4482,
437,
344,
1243,
15664,
650,
563,
687,
1562,
403,
373,
278,
14321,
310,
2319,
363,
5046,
29892,
758,
5467,
814,
284,
12544,
29889,
2595,
3295,
10517,
29889,
29871,
29896,
29929,
29929,
29945,
29892,
29871,
29955,
29941,
313,
29906,
1125,
29871,
29896,
29941,
29896,
29899,
29896,
29941,
29945
] | 2,695 | 20,480 | CommonCrawl | 14 | 10 |
.
Kelly BP, Paterson WF, Donaldson MD: Final height outcome and value of height prediction in boys with constitutional delay in growth and adolescence treated with intramuscular testosterone 125 mg per month for 3 months. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf). 2003, 58 (3): 267-272.
Kamp GA, Ouwens DM, Hoogerbrugge CM, Zwinderman AH, Maassen JA, Wit JM: Skin fibroblasts of children with idiopathic short stature show an increased mitogenic response to IGF-I and secrete more IGFBP-3. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf). 2002, 56 (4): 439-447.
Feigerlová E, Diene G, Oliver I, Gennero I, Salles JP, Arnaud C, Tauber M: Elevated insulin-like growth factor-I values in children with Prader-Willi syndrome compared with growth hormone (GH) deficiency children over two years of GH treatment. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2010, 95 (10): 4600-4608.
Bryant J, Baxter L, Cave CB, Milne R: Recombinant growth hormone for idiopathic short stature in children and adolescents. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2007, 3: CD004440-
Blethen SL, Baptista J, Kuntze J, Foley T, LaFranchi S, Johanson A: Adult height in growth hormone (GH)-deficient children treated with biosynthetic GH. The Genentech Growth Study Group. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1997, 82 (2): 418-420.
Maiorana A, Cianfarani S: Impact of growth hormone therapy on adult height of children born small for gestational age. Pediatrics. 2009, 124 (3): e519-e531.
Baxter L, Bryant J, Cave CB, Milne R: Recombinant growth hormone for children and adolescents with Turner syndrome. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2007, 1: CD003887-
Wit JM, Reiter EO, Ross JL, Saenger PH, Savage MO, Rogol AD, Cohen P: Idiopathic short stature: management and growth hormone treatment. Growth Horm IGF Res. 2008, 18 (2): 111-135.
Wit JM, Rekers-Mombarg LT, Cutler GB, Crowe B, Beck TJ, Roberts K, Gill A, Chaussain JL, Frisch H, Yturriaga R, Attanasio AF: Growth hormone (GH) treatment to final height in children with idiopathic short stature: evidence for a dose effect. J Pediatr. 2005, 146 (1): 45-53.
Kemp SF, Kuntze J, Attie KM, Maneatis T, Butler S, Frane J, Lippe B: Efficacy and safety results of long-term growth hormone treatment of idiopathic short stature. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2005, 90 (9): 5247-5253.
Guyda HJ: Four decades of growth hormone therapy for short children: what have we achieved?. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1999, 84 (12): 4307-4316.
Wit JM: Idiopathic short stature: reflections on its definition and spontaneous growth. Horm Res. 2007, 67 (Suppl 1): 50-57.
Kelly CJ, Mir FA: Biological therapies: how can we afford them?. BMJ. 2009, 339: b3 | -0.730976 | 0.62285 | 0.737153 | 0.914767 | [
-0.6898859147548896,
-0.7720664404948153
] | [
0.7034282186058327,
0.542271646287958
] | [
0.8208489053178607,
0.653456997642499
] | [
1.0136190241696847,
0.8159148837824656
] | 1,024 | [
512,
512
] | [
29889,
13,
29968,
14112,
350,
29925,
29892,
4121,
1330,
399,
29943,
29892,
18935,
1100,
20672,
29901,
9550,
3171,
21957,
322,
995,
310,
3171,
18988,
297,
12544,
411,
16772,
284,
9055,
297,
14321,
322,
594,
6544,
29883,
663,
14914,
411,
11158,
314,
375,
16637,
1243,
15664,
650,
29871,
29896,
29906,
29945,
286,
29887,
639,
4098,
363,
29871,
29941,
7378,
29889,
315,
1915,
2796,
8415,
262,
324,
313,
29949,
24660,
467,
29871,
29906,
29900,
29900,
29941,
29892,
29871,
29945,
29947,
313,
29941,
1125,
29871,
29906,
29953,
29955,
29899,
29906,
29955,
29906,
29889,
13,
29968,
1160,
402,
29909,
29892,
438,
7262,
575,
27692,
29892,
8335,
468,
23936,
11124,
479,
315,
29924,
29892,
12017,
513,
3504,
319,
29950,
29892,
3219,
11257,
435,
29909,
29892,
24363,
435,
29924,
29901,
4971,
262,
18755,
307,
2204,
19416,
310,
4344,
411,
1178,
21260,
493,
293,
3273,
1002,
545,
1510,
385,
11664,
1380,
6352,
293,
2933,
304,
306,
29954,
29943,
29899,
29902,
322,
409,
9084,
901,
306,
29954,
18426,
29925,
29899,
29941,
29889,
315,
1915,
2796,
8415,
262,
324,
313,
29949,
24660,
467,
29871,
29906,
29900,
29900,
29906,
29892,
29871,
29945,
29953,
313,
29946,
1125,
29871,
29946,
29941,
29929,
29899,
29946,
29946,
29955,
29889,
13,
8263,
4087,
5590,
29976,
382,
29892,
360,
3530,
402,
29892,
19731,
306,
29892,
5739,
12170,
306,
29892,
317,
26493,
435,
29925,
29892,
826,
1056,
566,
315,
29892,
10523,
11234,
341,
29901,
382,
2608,
630,
1663,
352,
262,
29899,
4561,
14321,
7329,
29899,
29902,
1819,
297,
4344,
411,
1588,
1664,
29899,
29956,
12840,
22898,
4871,
9401,
411,
14321,
298,
555,
650,
313,
29954,
29950,
29897,
822,
293,
13396,
4344,
975,
1023,
2440,
310,
402,
29950,
14502,
29889,
435,
315,
1915,
2796,
8415,
262,
324,
4737,
370,
29889,
29871,
29906,
29900,
29896,
29900,
29892,
29871,
29929,
29945,
313,
29896,
29900,
1125,
29871,
29946,
29953,
29900,
29900,
29899,
29946,
29953,
29900,
29947,
29889,
13,
29933,
719,
424,
435,
29892,
350,
1165,
357,
365,
29892,
315,
1351,
315,
29933,
29892,
3833,
484,
390,
29901,
830,
510,
2109,
424,
14321,
298,
555,
650,
363,
1178,
21260,
493,
293,
3273,
1002,
545,
297,
4344,
322,
594,
6544,
29883,
1237,
29889,
315,
2878,
10800,
5470,
24272,
11459,
29889,
29871,
29906,
29900,
29900,
29955,
29892,
29871,
29941,
29901,
7307,
29900,
29900,
29946,
29946,
29946,
29900,
29899,
13,
29933,
280,
6098,
27146,
29892,
23759,
2079,
435,
29892,
476,
1657,
911,
435,
29892,
383,
1772,
29891,
323,
29892,
997,
29943,
4014,
29875,
317,
29892,
1861,
16307,
319,
29901,
2087,
499,
3171,
297,
14321,
298,
555,
650,
313,
29954,
29950,
6817,
1753,
293,
993,
4344,
14914,
411,
289,
2363,
948,
386,
7492,
402,
29950,
29889,
450,
5739,
2016,
305,
402,
798,
386,
29301,
6431,
29889,
435,
315,
1915,
2796,
8415,
262,
324,
4737,
370,
29889,
29871,
29896,
29929,
29929,
29955,
29892,
29871,
29947,
29906,
313,
29906,
1125,
29871,
29946,
29896,
29947,
29899,
29946,
29906,
29900,
29889,
13,
21870,
1611,
1648,
319,
29892,
315,
713,
15641,
3270,
317,
29901,
14305,
627,
310,
14321,
298,
555,
650,
29220,
27580,
373,
16157,
3171,
310,
4344,
6345,
2319,
363,
7737,
1288,
5046,
29889,
9293,
7163,
10817,
29889,
29871,
29906,
29900,
29900,
29929,
29892,
29871,
29896,
29906,
29946,
313,
29941,
1125,
321,
29945,
29896,
29929,
29899,
29872,
29945,
29941,
29896,
29889,
13,
29933,
1165,
357,
365,
29892,
13307,
424,
435,
29892,
315,
1351,
315,
29933,
29892,
3833,
484,
390,
29901,
830,
510,
2109,
424,
14321,
298,
555,
650,
363,
4344,
322,
594,
6544,
29883,
1237,
411,
24215,
22898,
4871,
29889,
315,
2878,
10800,
5470,
24272,
11459,
29889,
29871,
29906,
29900,
29900,
29955,
29892,
29871,
29896,
29901,
7307,
29900,
29900,
29941,
29947,
29947,
29955,
29899,
13,
29956,
277,
435,
29924,
29892,
830,
1524,
382,
29949,
29892,
13693,
435,
29931,
29892,
5701,
15109,
349,
29950,
29892,
9583,
482,
16999,
29892,
9272,
324,
11033,
29892,
315,
14899,
349,
29901,
5163,
21260,
493,
293,
3273,
1002,
545,
29901,
10643,
322,
14321,
298,
555,
650,
14502,
29889,
402,
798,
386,
379,
555,
306,
29954,
29943,
2538,
29889,
29871,
29906,
29900,
29900,
29947,
29892,
29871,
29896,
29947,
313,
29906,
1125,
29871,
29896,
29896,
29896,
29899,
29896,
29941,
29945,
29889,
13,
29956,
277,
435,
29924,
29892,
830,
29895,
414,
29899,
29924,
3424,
1191,
365,
29911,
29892,
315,
329,
1358,
19289,
29892,
8764,
705,
350,
29892,
19573,
323,
29967,
29892,
27253,
476,
29892,
28047,
319,
29892,
678,
11214,
475,
435,
29931,
29892,
4693,
783,
379,
29892,
612,
29873,
332,
374,
7781,
390,
29892,
6212,
16397,
601,
23844,
29901,
402,
798,
386,
298,
555,
650,
313,
29954,
29950,
29897,
14502,
304,
2186,
3171,
297,
4344,
411,
1178,
21260,
493,
293,
3273,
1002,
545,
29901,
10757,
363,
263,
437,
344,
2779,
29889,
435,
9293,
7163,
29878,
29889,
29871,
29906,
29900,
29900,
29945,
29892,
29871,
29896,
29946,
29953,
313,
29896,
1125,
29871,
29946,
29945,
29899,
29945,
29941,
29889,
13,
29968,
3451,
28768,
29892,
476,
1657,
911,
435,
29892,
6212,
347,
476,
29924,
29892,
341,
1662,
18792,
323,
29892,
29384,
317,
29892,
1352,
29872,
435,
29892,
2718,
4798,
350,
29901,
382,
2416,
4135,
322,
15332,
2582,
310,
1472,
29899,
8489,
14321,
298,
555,
650,
14502,
310,
1178,
21260,
493,
293,
3273,
1002,
545,
29889,
435,
315,
1915,
2796,
8415,
262,
324,
4737,
370,
29889,
29871,
29906,
29900,
29900,
29945,
29892,
29871,
29929,
29900,
313,
29929,
1125,
29871,
29945,
29906,
29946,
29955,
29899,
29945,
29906,
29945,
29941,
29889,
13,
29954,
8631,
1388,
379,
29967,
29901,
12458,
1602,
3076,
310,
14321,
298,
555,
650,
29220,
27580,
363,
3273,
4344,
29901,
825,
505,
591,
14363,
9808,
435,
315,
1915,
2796,
8415,
262,
324,
4737,
370,
29889,
29871,
29896,
29929,
29929,
29929,
29892,
29871,
29947,
29946,
313,
29896,
29906,
1125,
29871,
29946,
29941,
29900,
29955,
29899,
29946,
29941,
29896,
29953,
29889,
13,
29956,
277,
435,
29924,
29901,
5163,
21260,
493,
293,
3273,
1002,
545,
29901,
2143,
5942,
373,
967,
5023,
322,
805,
609,
23584,
14321,
29889,
379,
555,
2538,
29889,
29871,
29906,
29900,
29900,
29955,
29892,
29871,
29953,
29955,
313,
20182,
29880,
29871,
29896,
1125,
29871,
29945,
29900,
29899,
29945,
29955,
29889,
13,
29968,
14112,
315,
29967,
29892,
11612,
13515,
29901,
3457,
5996,
29220,
481,
583,
29901,
920,
508,
591,
21750,
963,
9808,
350,
29924,
29967,
29889,
29871,
29906,
29900,
29900,
29929,
29892,
29871,
29941,
29941,
29929,
29901,
289,
29941
] | 2,695 | 21,504 | CommonCrawl | 14 | 10 |
276-
Mullins CD, DeVries AR, Hsu VD, Meng F, Palumbo FB: Variability and growth in spending for outpatient specialty pharmaceuticals. Health Aff (Millwood). 2005, 24 (4): 1117-1127.
Saenger P: Current status of biosimilar growth hormone. Int J Pediatr Endocrinol. 2009, 2009: 370329-
Bazalo GR, Joshi AV, Germak J: Comparison of human growth hormone products' cost in pediatric and adult patients. A budgetary impact model. Manag Care. 2007, 16 (9): 45-51.
Cuttler L, Silvers JB: Growth hormone and health policy. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2010, 95 (7): 3149-3153. 10.1210/jc.2009-2688 Jul
Hardin DS, Woo J, Butsch R, Huett B: Current prescribing practices and opinions about growth hormone therapy: results of a nationwide survey of paediatric endocrinologists. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf). 2007, 66 (1): 85-94.
Our appreciation to the biostatisticians, Igor Dvorchik, PhD, & Han Yin, for their review of the statistical analysis and helpful recommendations.
Nationwide Children's Hospital, The Ohio State University – College of Medicine, 700 Children's Drive, Columbus, OH, 43205, USA
Juan F Sotos
Nationwide Children's Hospital, 700 Children's Drive, Columbus, OH, 43205, USA
Naomi J Tokar
Search for Juan F Sotos in:
Search for Naomi J Tokar in:
Correspondence to Juan F Sotos.
JFS contributed to conception and design, treatment of subjects, acquisition, analysis and interpretation of data, drafting and final approval of the manuscript and agrees to be accountable for all aspects of the work. NJT contributed to testing, acquisition, analysis, and interpretation of data, drafting of the manuscript and final approval of the version to be published.
Additional file 1: Table S1: The adult heights reported were adult or near adult heights. There was a potential growth remaining of children whose heights were obtained before closure of the epiphyses (near adult height) and before growth ended. Based on the last bone age available on the record, the predicted adult height was calculated (i.e. male with bone age of 16 years – predicted adult height (PAH), 3.0 cm more) and taking into account, if exceeded the adult height available in the record. The effect on the average adult height of the group is shown. This potential growth remaining was not included in the figures reported for adult heights, but could be taken into consideration to determine final adult height and the benefit of growth hormone treatment. (DOCX 23 KB)
Additional file 2: Figure S1: Correlation of GH measurement in 891 serum samples by Kallestad (polyclonal antibody - RIA) and Hybritech (monoclonal antibody immunoradiometric assay) in our laboratory at Children's Hospital (now Nationwide Children's Hospital (NCH)). Genentech was kind enough to provide us with the correlation they obtained in their laboratory of GH samples assayed by both methods. The correlations indicate that the 22 kDa GH measurement with a monoclonal antibody yields values that are 64 to 68% of those that are assayed by the polyclonal antibody method. (PDF 85 KB)
Additional file 3: Figure S2 A, B, C, D: The individual values for the heights at the beginning of treatment, adult heights, midparental heights, age at the beginning of treatment and when the adult heights were obtained, and means ± standard deviations for different subgroups are shown: A. All ISS males, B. NFSS males, C. FSS males, D. All ISS females. (PDF | -0.651535 | 0.624641 | 0.574834 | 0.784698 | [
-0.8241141067967682,
-0.4789558986890805
] | [
0.5673404464262941,
0.6819406756301161
] | [
0.39983289510407205,
0.7498341566071012
] | [
0.534966894811154,
1.0344299863157078
] | 1,024 | [
512,
512
] | [
29906,
29955,
29953,
29899,
13,
29924,
913,
1144,
7307,
29892,
897,
29963,
2722,
9033,
29892,
379,
2146,
478,
29928,
29892,
341,
996,
383,
29892,
3793,
398,
833,
28816,
29901,
9586,
3097,
322,
14321,
297,
805,
2548,
363,
714,
5031,
993,
4266,
1017,
1374,
22824,
346,
329,
936,
29879,
29889,
15202,
13737,
313,
19169,
6115,
467,
29871,
29906,
29900,
29900,
29945,
29892,
29871,
29906,
29946,
313,
29946,
1125,
29871,
29896,
29896,
29896,
29955,
29899,
29896,
29896,
29906,
29955,
29889,
13,
17618,
15109,
349,
29901,
9626,
4660,
310,
289,
2363,
326,
2327,
14321,
298,
555,
650,
29889,
3159,
435,
9293,
7163,
29878,
2796,
8415,
262,
324,
29889,
29871,
29906,
29900,
29900,
29929,
29892,
29871,
29906,
29900,
29900,
29929,
29901,
29871,
29941,
29955,
29900,
29941,
29906,
29929,
29899,
13,
29933,
834,
7003,
18016,
29892,
5875,
2918,
16884,
29892,
7287,
557,
435,
29901,
422,
20941,
310,
5199,
14321,
298,
555,
650,
9316,
29915,
3438,
297,
8939,
7163,
2200,
322,
16157,
22069,
29889,
319,
23562,
653,
10879,
1904,
29889,
2315,
351,
10057,
29889,
29871,
29906,
29900,
29900,
29955,
29892,
29871,
29896,
29953,
313,
29929,
1125,
29871,
29946,
29945,
29899,
29945,
29896,
29889,
13,
29907,
4774,
1358,
365,
29892,
5664,
874,
435,
29933,
29901,
402,
798,
386,
298,
555,
650,
322,
9045,
8898,
29889,
435,
315,
1915,
2796,
8415,
262,
324,
4737,
370,
29889,
29871,
29906,
29900,
29896,
29900,
29892,
29871,
29929,
29945,
313,
29955,
1125,
29871,
29941,
29896,
29946,
29929,
29899,
29941,
29896,
29945,
29941,
29889,
29871,
29896,
29900,
29889,
29896,
29906,
29896,
29900,
29914,
29926,
29883,
29889,
29906,
29900,
29900,
29929,
29899,
29906,
29953,
29947,
29947,
2739,
13,
29950,
21473,
360,
29903,
29892,
399,
3634,
435,
29892,
1205,
816,
390,
29892,
12895,
1803,
350,
29901,
9626,
2225,
699,
10549,
23274,
322,
26971,
1048,
14321,
298,
555,
650,
29220,
27580,
29901,
2582,
310,
263,
5233,
8157,
18994,
310,
3300,
287,
7163,
2200,
1095,
8415,
262,
1189,
2879,
29889,
315,
1915,
2796,
8415,
262,
324,
313,
29949,
24660,
467,
29871,
29906,
29900,
29900,
29955,
29892,
29871,
29953,
29953,
313,
29896,
1125,
29871,
29947,
29945,
29899,
29929,
29946,
29889,
13,
29949,
332,
5108,
362,
304,
278,
4768,
520,
271,
391,
14722,
29892,
12815,
272,
360,
5267,
305,
638,
29892,
1963,
29928,
29892,
669,
7169,
612,
262,
29892,
363,
1009,
9076,
310,
278,
24148,
7418,
322,
8444,
6907,
800,
29889,
13,
29940,
362,
8157,
20986,
29915,
29879,
15967,
29892,
450,
15821,
4306,
3014,
785,
6346,
310,
27529,
29892,
29871,
29955,
29900,
29900,
20986,
29915,
29879,
22850,
29892,
11990,
375,
29892,
438,
29950,
29892,
29871,
29946,
29941,
29906,
29900,
29945,
29892,
8278,
13,
29967,
12323,
383,
317,
15788,
13,
29940,
362,
8157,
20986,
29915,
29879,
15967,
29892,
29871,
29955,
29900,
29900,
20986,
29915,
29879,
22850,
29892,
11990,
375,
29892,
438,
29950,
29892,
29871,
29946,
29941,
29906,
29900,
29945,
29892,
8278,
13,
13695,
21019,
435,
11890,
279,
13,
7974,
363,
8699,
383,
317,
15788,
297,
29901,
13,
7974,
363,
4465,
21019,
435,
11890,
279,
297,
29901,
13,
12521,
3636,
663,
304,
8699,
383,
317,
15788,
29889,
13,
29967,
9998,
26869,
304,
26192,
322,
2874,
29892,
14502,
310,
17800,
29892,
1274,
23493,
29892,
7418,
322,
19854,
310,
848,
29892,
18195,
292,
322,
2186,
2134,
791,
310,
278,
27593,
322,
8571,
267,
304,
367,
3633,
519,
363,
599,
21420,
310,
278,
664,
29889,
405,
29967,
29911,
26869,
304,
6724,
29892,
1274,
23493,
29892,
7418,
29892,
322,
19854,
310,
848,
29892,
18195,
292,
310,
278,
27593,
322,
2186,
2134,
791,
310,
278,
1873,
304,
367,
6369,
29889,
13,
2528,
3245,
934,
29871,
29896,
29901,
6137,
317,
29896,
29901,
450,
16157,
3171,
29879,
8967,
892,
16157,
470,
2978,
16157,
3171,
29879,
29889,
1670,
471,
263,
7037,
14321,
9886,
310,
4344,
5069,
3171,
29879,
892,
7625,
1434,
18424,
310,
278,
321,
1631,
14017,
267,
313,
28502,
16157,
3171,
29897,
322,
1434,
14321,
9698,
29889,
16564,
373,
278,
1833,
289,
650,
5046,
3625,
373,
278,
2407,
29892,
278,
25383,
16157,
3171,
471,
12833,
313,
29875,
29889,
29872,
29889,
14263,
411,
289,
650,
5046,
310,
29871,
29896,
29953,
2440,
785,
25383,
16157,
3171,
313,
7228,
29950,
511,
29871,
29941,
29889,
29900,
7477,
901,
29897,
322,
5622,
964,
3633,
29892,
565,
13461,
287,
278,
16157,
3171,
3625,
297,
278,
2407,
29889,
450,
2779,
373,
278,
6588,
16157,
3171,
310,
278,
2318,
338,
4318,
29889,
910,
7037,
14321,
9886,
471,
451,
5134,
297,
278,
13994,
8967,
363,
16157,
3171,
29879,
29892,
541,
1033,
367,
4586,
964,
19220,
304,
8161,
2186,
16157,
3171,
322,
278,
14169,
310,
14321,
298,
555,
650,
14502,
29889,
313,
28665,
29990,
29871,
29906,
29941,
476,
29933,
29897,
13,
2528,
3245,
934,
29871,
29906,
29901,
11479,
317,
29896,
29901,
2994,
23445,
310,
402,
29950,
20039,
297,
29871,
29947,
29929,
29896,
724,
398,
11916,
491,
476,
497,
342,
328,
313,
22678,
695,
7177,
3677,
747,
1486,
448,
390,
10764,
29897,
322,
9665,
1182,
568,
305,
313,
3712,
542,
29880,
7177,
3677,
747,
1486,
5198,
348,
272,
10129,
14066,
1223,
388,
29897,
297,
1749,
10212,
7606,
472,
20986,
29915,
29879,
15967,
313,
3707,
22900,
8157,
20986,
29915,
29879,
15967,
313,
29940,
3210,
8106,
5739,
2016,
305,
471,
2924,
3307,
304,
3867,
502,
411,
278,
19869,
896,
7625,
297,
1009,
10212,
7606,
310,
402,
29950,
11916,
1223,
388,
287,
491,
1716,
3519,
29889,
450,
8855,
800,
12266,
393,
278,
29871,
29906,
29906,
413,
27838,
402,
29950,
20039,
411,
263,
1601,
542,
29880,
7177,
3677,
747,
1486,
17498,
1819,
393,
526,
29871,
29953,
29946,
304,
29871,
29953,
29947,
29995,
310,
1906,
393,
526,
1223,
388,
287,
491,
278,
15680,
695,
7177,
3677,
747,
1486,
1158,
29889,
313,
8493,
29871,
29947,
29945,
476,
29933,
29897,
13,
2528,
3245,
934,
29871,
29941,
29901,
11479,
317,
29906,
319,
29892,
350,
29892,
315,
29892,
360,
29901,
450,
5375,
1819,
363,
278,
3171,
29879,
472,
278,
6763,
310,
14502,
29892,
16157,
3171,
29879,
29892,
7145,
3560,
284,
3171,
29879,
29892,
5046,
472,
278,
6763,
310,
14502,
322,
746,
278,
16157,
3171,
29879,
892,
7625,
29892,
322,
2794,
29871,
30221,
3918,
29668,
800,
363,
1422,
1014,
13155,
526,
4318,
29901,
319,
29889,
2178,
306,
1799,
25269,
29892,
350,
29889,
405,
29943,
1799,
25269,
29892,
315,
29889,
383,
1799,
25269,
29892,
360,
29889,
2178,
306,
1799,
24473,
29889,
313,
8493,
29871
] | 2,695 | 22,528 | CommonCrawl | 14 | 10 |
Sol Kyung-gu (en hangul, 설경구; hanja: 薛景求; RR: Seol Gyeong-gu; Seocheon, Provincia de Chungcheong del Sur, 1 de mayo de 1967) es un veterano actor de cine, televisión y teatro surcoreano.
Biografía
Estudió teatro y cine en la Universidad de Hanyang (Hanyang University).
En 2014 comenzó a enseñar actuación en su alma mater, la Universidad de Hanyang, como profesor adjunto en la Facultad de Artes Escénicas.
En 1996 se casó con una mujer fuera del entretenimiento (la hermana menor del actor Ahn Nae-sang), la pareja tuvo una hija, 설승희. En 2002 se separaron y finalmente se divorciaron el 21 de julio de 2006.
Más tarde comenzó a salir con la actriz surcoreana Song Yoon-ah, la pareja se casó el 28 de mayo de 2009 en Bangbae-dong. El 3 de agosto de 2010 le dieron la bienvenida a su primer hijo juntos, Sol Seung-yoon.
Carrera
Es miembro de la agencia C-JeS Entertainment (씨제스엔터테인먼트)
El 7 de enero de 2010, apareció como personaje principal de la película No Mercy, donde dio vida a Kang Min-ho, un destacado patólogo forense que está a punto de jubilarse para pasar tiempo con su hija, pero que luego de que se identifica el cuerpo de una mujer en un río local y decide aceptar un último trabajo, su vida cambia.
El 25 de diciembre de 2012, apareció como parte del elenco principal de la película The Tower, donde interpretó a Kang Young-ki, un capitán y bombero que participa en el intento de apagar el fuego en la torre "Tower Sky".
El 2 de octubre de 2013, apareció como parte del elenco principal de la película Hope, donde dio vida a Im Dong-hoon, el padre de la pequeña Im So-won (Lee Re), quien de regreso a casa es secuestrada, atacada y violada por un hombre desconocido.
El 6 de septiembre de 2017, apareció como parte del elenco principal de la película Memoir of a Murderer, donde interpretó a Kim Byeong-soo, un asesino en serie retirado con Alzheimer que sólo mata a los que han cometido pecados.
En enero de 2021 se anunció que se había unido al elenco de la película Ghost, donde interpretará a Murayama Jyunji, un oficial de policía japonés y ex soldado que solía ser miembro de la agencia de inteligencia de Japón, pero que desde entonces ha sido degradado a vigilar las comunicaciones del gobierno colonial japonés de Corea.
En abril de 2022 se estrenó en Netflix la película de acción y espionaje Yaksha: operaciones despiadadas, protagonizada por el actor con el papel del jefe de la sucursal del Servicio Nacional de Inteligencia surcoreano en Shenyang (China), y líder de un grupo dedicado a operaciones encubiertas en el extranjero.Al año siguiente protagonizó una nueva película de acción en la misma plataforma, Boksoon debe morir.
Filmografía
Películas
Series de televisión
Teatro
Aparición en videos musicales
Donaciones
En 2017 junto a su esposa, la actriz Song Yoon-ah realizaron una donación de 50 millones de wones a través de la Cruz Roja Coreana, para ayudar a la gente de Pohang después del terremoto que sufrieron el 15 de noviembre.
Premios y nominaciones
Referencias
Enlaces externos
C-JeS Entertainment | Artists | Sol Kyung-gu (설 | -0.636469 | -0.447722 | -1.438942 | -0.943262 | [
-0.6296201958789441,
-0.6433169501689318
] | [
-0.5929868742624036,
-0.3024573869449017
] | [
-1.126984202177258,
-1.7508994944217882
] | [
-0.968625120239013,
-0.9178984000080818
] | 1,024 | [
512,
512
] | [
4956,
16931,
686,
29899,
2543,
313,
264,
13958,
352,
29892,
29871,
239,
135,
167,
31378,
31231,
29936,
5905,
1764,
29901,
29871,
235,
153,
158,
31495,
31376,
29936,
390,
29934,
29901,
922,
324,
402,
4099,
549,
29899,
2543,
29936,
922,
29877,
1173,
265,
29892,
11127,
1512,
316,
678,
686,
1173,
549,
628,
6298,
29892,
29871,
29896,
316,
7502,
316,
29871,
29896,
29929,
29953,
29955,
29897,
831,
443,
25808,
1562,
11339,
316,
274,
457,
29892,
11784,
3175,
343,
26611,
1190,
3221,
1562,
29889,
13,
13,
20517,
9325,
268,
13,
12787,
566,
3556,
26611,
343,
274,
457,
427,
425,
12824,
316,
379,
1384,
574,
313,
29950,
1384,
574,
3014,
467,
13,
13,
2369,
29871,
29906,
29900,
29896,
29946,
27712,
263,
23930,
30046,
279,
20331,
2709,
427,
480,
394,
655,
15875,
29892,
425,
12824,
316,
379,
1384,
574,
29892,
1986,
28423,
12109,
12578,
427,
425,
14184,
499,
328,
316,
826,
2167,
12783,
1690,
5070,
29889,
13,
13,
2369,
29871,
29896,
29929,
29929,
29953,
409,
3209,
29980,
378,
1185,
17075,
28271,
628,
2637,
841,
9043,
313,
433,
18606,
1648,
26764,
628,
11339,
319,
3123,
405,
3660,
29899,
29879,
574,
511,
425,
9541,
1764,
20596,
1185,
4147,
29874,
29892,
29871,
239,
135,
167,
239,
141,
188,
240,
160,
175,
29889,
1174,
29871,
29906,
29900,
29900,
29906,
409,
2903,
5022,
343,
27986,
409,
25074,
455,
5022,
560,
29871,
29906,
29896,
316,
8996,
316,
29871,
29906,
29900,
29900,
29953,
29889,
13,
13,
29924,
1569,
17666,
27712,
263,
4497,
381,
378,
425,
1044,
7485,
1190,
3221,
1648,
9362,
612,
6150,
29899,
801,
29892,
425,
9541,
1764,
409,
3209,
29980,
560,
29871,
29906,
29947,
316,
7502,
316,
29871,
29906,
29900,
29900,
29929,
427,
14320,
2291,
29872,
29899,
29881,
549,
29889,
1260,
29871,
29941,
316,
6754,
316,
29871,
29906,
29900,
29896,
29900,
454,
270,
10243,
425,
6079,
854,
1458,
263,
480,
7130,
23737,
25296,
359,
29892,
4956,
922,
686,
29899,
29891,
6150,
29889,
13,
13,
29907,
2749,
1572,
29871,
13,
14190,
3737,
10187,
316,
425,
946,
5760,
315,
29899,
13836,
29903,
18189,
313,
31781,
31306,
30784,
239,
154,
151,
31856,
240,
136,
143,
30918,
238,
171,
191,
31177,
29897,
13,
13,
6489,
29871,
29955,
316,
8529,
316,
29871,
29906,
29900,
29896,
29900,
29892,
13059,
2617,
1986,
2022,
8339,
5882,
316,
425,
19053,
1939,
4702,
1270,
29892,
8334,
20562,
10828,
263,
476,
574,
3080,
29899,
1251,
29892,
443,
18583,
912,
2373,
29980,
14569,
363,
1947,
712,
7919,
263,
15978,
316,
432,
431,
2327,
344,
1702,
2331,
279,
13924,
378,
480,
4147,
29874,
29892,
7046,
712,
19102,
316,
712,
409,
2893,
15039,
560,
25753,
1129,
316,
1185,
17075,
427,
443,
21214,
1887,
343,
11097,
263,
1547,
279,
443,
20195,
21844,
29892,
480,
10828,
10625,
423,
29889,
29871,
13,
13,
6489,
29871,
29906,
29945,
316,
9060,
316,
29871,
29906,
29900,
29896,
29906,
29892,
13059,
2617,
1986,
3810,
628,
560,
264,
1111,
5882,
316,
425,
19053,
450,
23615,
29892,
8334,
5133,
6127,
263,
476,
574,
10443,
29899,
1984,
29892,
443,
11934,
1715,
343,
18523,
19765,
712,
5221,
29874,
427,
560,
7609,
29877,
316,
3095,
28641,
560,
4084,
2412,
427,
425,
4842,
276,
376,
29911,
1680,
16572,
1642,
13,
13,
6489,
29871,
29906,
316,
8644,
316,
29871,
29906,
29900,
29896,
29941,
29892,
13059,
2617,
1986,
3810,
628,
560,
264,
1111,
5882,
316,
425,
19053,
7963,
29892,
8334,
20562,
10828,
263,
1954,
360,
549,
29899,
1251,
265,
29892,
560,
14217,
316,
425,
18946,
9658,
1954,
1105,
29899,
12620,
313,
3226,
29872,
830,
511,
14310,
316,
26653,
29877,
263,
10245,
831,
409,
4979,
16444,
1114,
29892,
26730,
1114,
343,
5537,
1114,
1277,
443,
28766,
553,
535,
542,
1941,
29889,
13,
13,
6489,
29871,
29953,
316,
9199,
316,
29871,
29906,
29900,
29896,
29955,
29892,
13059,
2617,
1986,
3810,
628,
560,
264,
1111,
5882,
316,
425,
19053,
8133,
6390,
310,
263,
7487,
672,
261,
29892,
8334,
5133,
6127,
263,
12931,
2648,
29872,
549,
29899,
578,
29877,
29892,
443,
27985,
1789,
427,
7080,
19860,
912,
378,
838,
29920,
27400,
712,
19615,
417,
286,
532,
263,
1232,
712,
5905,
419,
300,
1941,
13209,
2255,
29889,
13,
13,
2369,
8529,
316,
29871,
29906,
29900,
29906,
29896,
409,
385,
348,
2617,
712,
409,
10990,
443,
1941,
394,
560,
264,
1111,
316,
425,
19053,
28484,
29892,
8334,
6613,
20484,
263,
7487,
388,
3304,
435,
29891,
348,
2397,
29892,
443,
9535,
316,
13665,
1553,
22268,
743,
343,
429,
5239,
912,
712,
899,
1553,
724,
3737,
10187,
316,
425,
946,
5760,
316,
13856,
2101,
1512,
316,
4407,
888,
29892,
7046,
712,
5125,
19665,
447,
11336,
316,
5105,
912,
263,
14877,
2327,
1869,
419,
2523,
6027,
628,
19368,
25539,
22268,
743,
316,
10239,
29874,
29889,
13,
13,
2369,
8047,
316,
29871,
29906,
29900,
29906,
29906,
409,
707,
1267,
29980,
427,
12670,
20157,
29916,
425,
19053,
316,
1274,
1290,
343,
5152,
291,
8339,
612,
557,
17051,
29901,
1751,
6027,
553,
1631,
328,
3922,
29892,
15572,
18954,
1277,
560,
11339,
378,
560,
23953,
628,
432,
25790,
316,
425,
8630,
1295,
284,
628,
9635,
11088,
8468,
316,
18555,
2101,
1512,
1190,
3221,
1562,
427,
1383,
15274,
574,
313,
1451,
1099,
511,
343,
29847,
316,
443,
12249,
8856,
912,
263,
1751,
6027,
2094,
431,
3722,
294,
427,
560,
17541,
273,
29926,
1489,
29889,
2499,
8350,
18436,
15572,
466,
29980,
1185,
22288,
19053,
316,
1274,
1290,
427,
425,
22575,
28687,
689,
29874,
29892,
350,
554,
578,
265,
27021,
3036,
381,
29889,
13,
13,
3434,
29885,
9325,
13,
13,
29925,
295,
7815,
294,
13,
13,
19204,
316,
11784,
3175,
13,
13,
7141,
7816,
13,
13,
29909,
862,
6396,
427,
19707,
9636,
267,
13,
13,
10310,
6027,
29871,
13,
2369,
29871,
29906,
29900,
29896,
29955,
14597,
263,
480,
831,
22842,
29892,
425,
1044,
7485,
9362,
612,
6150,
29899,
801,
8869,
5022,
1185,
1016,
2709,
316,
29871,
29945,
29900,
26727,
316,
2113,
267,
263,
18198,
316,
425,
17960,
1528,
1764,
10239,
1648,
29892,
1702,
10156,
566,
279,
263,
425,
330,
2016,
316,
349,
1148,
574,
11006,
628,
1935,
1745,
3747,
712,
7332,
4336,
265,
560,
29871,
29896,
29945,
316,
9350,
29889,
13,
13,
29925,
1745,
2363,
343,
10418,
6027,
13,
13,
1123,
571,
6187,
13,
13,
2369,
6048,
8795,
29871,
13,
13,
315,
29899,
13836,
29903,
18189,
891,
3012,
2879,
891,
4956,
16931,
686,
29899,
2543,
313,
239,
135,
167
] | 2,698 | 0 | Wikipedia | -1 | -1 |
package cache
import (
"sync"
"time"
"k8s.io/klog/v2"
"k8s.io/utils/clock"
)
// ExpirationCache implements the store interface
// 1. All entries are automatically time stamped on insert
// a. The key is computed based off the original item/keyFunc
// b. The value inserted under that key is the timestamped item
// 2. Expiration happens lazily on read based on the expiration policy
// a. No item can be inserted into the store while we're expiring
// *any* item in the cache.
// 3. Time-stamps are stripped off unexpired entries before return
// Note that the ExpirationCache is inherently slower than a normal
// threadSafeStore because it takes a write lock every time it checks if
// an item has expired.
type ExpirationCache struct {
cacheStorage ThreadSafeStore
keyFunc KeyFunc
clock clock.Clock
expirationPolicy ExpirationPolicy
// expirationLock is a write lock used to guarantee that we don't clobber
// newly inserted objects because of a stale expiration timestamp comparison
expirationLock sync.Mutex
}
// ExpirationPolicy dictates when an object expires. Currently only abstracted out
// so unittests don't rely on the system clock.
type ExpirationPolicy interface {
IsExpired(obj *TimestampedEntry) bool
}
// TTLPolicy implements a ttl based ExpirationPolicy.
type TTLPolicy struct {
// >0: Expire entries with an age > ttl
// <=0: Don't expire any entry
TTL time.Duration
// Clock used to calculate ttl expiration
Clock clock.Clock
}
// IsExpired returns true if the given object is older than the ttl, or it can't
// determine its age.
func (p *TTLPolicy) IsExpired(obj *TimestampedEntry) bool {
return p.TTL > 0 && p.Clock.Since(obj.Timestamp) > p.TTL
}
// TimestampedEntry is the only type allowed in a ExpirationCache.
// Keep in mind that it is not safe to share timestamps between computers.
// Behavior may be inconsistent if you get a timestamp from the API Server and
// use it on the client machine as part of your ExpirationCache.
type TimestampedEntry struct {
Obj interface{}
Timestamp time.Time
key string
}
// getTimestampedEntry returns the TimestampedEntry stored under the given key.
func (c *ExpirationCache) getTimestampedEntry(key string) (*TimestampedEntry, bool) {
item, _ := c.cacheStorage.Get(key)
if tsEntry, ok := item.(*TimestampedEntry); ok {
return tsEntry, true
}
return nil, false
}
// getOrExpire retrieves the object from the TimestampedEntry if and only if it hasn't
// already expired. It holds a write lock across deletion.
func (c *ExpirationCache) getOrExpire(key string) (interface{}, bool) {
// Prevent all inserts from the time we deem an item as "expired" to when we
// delete it, so an un-expired item doesn't sneak in under the same key, just
// before the Delete.
c.expirationLock.Lock()
defer c.expirationLock.Unlock()
timestampedItem, exists := c.getTimestampedEntry(key)
if !exists {
return nil, false
}
if c.expirationPolicy.IsExpired(timestampedItem) {
klog.V(4).Infof("Entry %v: %+v has expired", key, timestampedItem.Obj)
c.cacheStorage.Delete(key)
return nil, false
}
return timestampedItem.Obj, true
}
// GetByKey returns the item stored under the key, or sets exists=false.
func (c *ExpirationCache) GetByKey(key string) (interface{}, bool, error) {
| -0.928209 | -0.278284 | 0.290775 | 1.024025 | [
-0.8186354050807731,
-1.037783473720575
] | [
-0.17039852907330996,
-0.3861692731211311
] | [
0.43026778740868327,
0.15128127461641366
] | [
1.2217286456299155,
0.8263203648554771
] | 1,024 | [
512,
512
] | [
29871,
13,
13,
5113,
7090,
13,
13,
5215,
313,
13,
12,
29908,
16593,
29908,
13,
12,
29908,
2230,
29908,
13,
13,
12,
29908,
29895,
29947,
29879,
29889,
601,
29914,
29895,
1188,
29914,
29894,
29906,
29908,
13,
12,
29908,
29895,
29947,
29879,
29889,
601,
29914,
13239,
29914,
13058,
29908,
13,
29897,
13,
13,
458,
12027,
12232,
10408,
10703,
278,
3787,
5067,
13,
458,
12,
29896,
29889,
2178,
9976,
526,
6336,
931,
25214,
287,
373,
4635,
13,
458,
12,
12,
29874,
29889,
450,
1820,
338,
15712,
2729,
1283,
278,
2441,
2944,
29914,
1989,
14400,
13,
458,
12,
12,
29890,
29889,
450,
995,
15478,
1090,
393,
1820,
338,
278,
14334,
287,
2944,
13,
458,
12,
29906,
29889,
12027,
12232,
5930,
425,
29920,
2354,
373,
1303,
2729,
373,
278,
1518,
12232,
8898,
13,
458,
418,
263,
29889,
1939,
2944,
508,
367,
15478,
964,
278,
3787,
1550,
591,
29915,
276,
1518,
8491,
13,
458,
12,
12,
259,
334,
1384,
29930,
2944,
297,
278,
7090,
29889,
13,
458,
12,
29941,
29889,
5974,
29899,
303,
15092,
526,
10076,
2986,
1283,
443,
4548,
2859,
9976,
1434,
736,
13,
458,
3940,
393,
278,
12027,
12232,
10408,
338,
7846,
2705,
20312,
1135,
263,
4226,
13,
458,
3244,
17618,
1725,
9044,
1363,
372,
4893,
263,
2436,
7714,
1432,
931,
372,
12747,
565,
13,
458,
385,
2944,
756,
1518,
2859,
29889,
13,
1853,
12027,
12232,
10408,
2281,
426,
13,
12,
8173,
10486,
268,
10480,
17618,
1725,
9044,
13,
12,
1989,
14400,
3986,
7670,
14400,
13,
12,
13058,
9651,
12006,
29889,
29907,
908,
13,
12,
4548,
12232,
15644,
12027,
12232,
15644,
13,
12,
458,
1518,
12232,
16542,
338,
263,
2436,
7714,
1304,
304,
18818,
393,
591,
1016,
29915,
29873,
274,
2127,
495,
13,
12,
458,
15141,
15478,
3618,
1363,
310,
263,
380,
744,
1518,
12232,
14334,
10230,
13,
12,
4548,
12232,
16542,
16523,
29889,
29924,
329,
735,
13,
29913,
13,
13,
458,
12027,
12232,
15644,
9657,
1078,
746,
385,
1203,
1518,
2658,
29889,
15447,
871,
9846,
287,
714,
13,
458,
577,
443,
986,
9197,
1016,
29915,
29873,
19104,
373,
278,
1788,
12006,
29889,
13,
1853,
12027,
12232,
15644,
5067,
426,
13,
12,
3624,
9544,
2859,
29898,
5415,
334,
27939,
287,
9634,
29897,
6120,
13,
29913,
13,
13,
458,
323,
14632,
15644,
10703,
263,
260,
15206,
2729,
12027,
12232,
15644,
29889,
13,
1853,
323,
14632,
15644,
2281,
426,
13,
12,
458,
12,
1405,
29900,
29901,
12027,
533,
9976,
411,
385,
5046,
1405,
260,
15206,
13,
12,
458,
12,
14065,
29900,
29901,
3872,
29915,
29873,
1518,
533,
738,
6251,
13,
12,
29911,
14632,
931,
29889,
18984,
13,
13,
12,
458,
315,
908,
1304,
304,
8147,
260,
15206,
1518,
12232,
13,
12,
29907,
908,
12006,
29889,
29907,
908,
13,
29913,
13,
13,
458,
1317,
9544,
2859,
3639,
1565,
565,
278,
2183,
1203,
338,
9642,
1135,
278,
260,
15206,
29892,
470,
372,
508,
29915,
29873,
13,
458,
8161,
967,
5046,
29889,
13,
9891,
313,
29886,
334,
29911,
14632,
15644,
29897,
1317,
9544,
2859,
29898,
5415,
334,
27939,
287,
9634,
29897,
6120,
426,
13,
12,
2457,
282,
29889,
29911,
14632,
1405,
29871,
29900,
2607,
282,
29889,
29907,
908,
29889,
23036,
29898,
5415,
29889,
27939,
29897,
1405,
282,
29889,
29911,
14632,
13,
29913,
13,
13,
458,
7870,
7416,
287,
9634,
338,
278,
871,
1134,
6068,
297,
263,
12027,
12232,
10408,
29889,
13,
458,
19152,
297,
3458,
393,
372,
338,
451,
9109,
304,
6232,
5335,
342,
15092,
1546,
23226,
29889,
13,
458,
1522,
16300,
1122,
367,
22435,
9696,
565,
366,
679,
263,
14334,
515,
278,
3450,
5656,
322,
13,
458,
671,
372,
373,
278,
3132,
4933,
408,
760,
310,
596,
12027,
12232,
10408,
29889,
13,
1853,
7870,
7416,
287,
9634,
2281,
426,
13,
12,
9930,
539,
5067,
8875,
13,
12,
27939,
931,
29889,
2481,
13,
12,
1989,
539,
1347,
13,
29913,
13,
13,
458,
679,
27939,
287,
9634,
3639,
278,
7870,
7416,
287,
9634,
6087,
1090,
278,
2183,
1820,
29889,
13,
9891,
313,
29883,
334,
9544,
12232,
10408,
29897,
679,
27939,
287,
9634,
29898,
1989,
1347,
29897,
3070,
27939,
287,
9634,
29892,
6120,
29897,
426,
13,
12,
667,
29892,
903,
3490,
274,
29889,
8173,
10486,
29889,
2577,
29898,
1989,
29897,
13,
12,
361,
18696,
9634,
29892,
3431,
3490,
2944,
29889,
10456,
27939,
287,
9634,
416,
3431,
426,
13,
12,
12,
2457,
18696,
9634,
29892,
1565,
13,
12,
29913,
13,
12,
2457,
4263,
29892,
2089,
13,
29913,
13,
13,
458,
679,
2816,
9544,
533,
5663,
17180,
278,
1203,
515,
278,
7870,
7416,
287,
9634,
565,
322,
871,
565,
372,
22602,
29915,
29873,
13,
458,
2307,
1518,
2859,
29889,
739,
8640,
263,
2436,
7714,
4822,
7374,
291,
29889,
13,
9891,
313,
29883,
334,
9544,
12232,
10408,
29897,
679,
2816,
9544,
533,
29898,
1989,
1347,
29897,
313,
13248,
29912,
1118,
6120,
29897,
426,
13,
12,
458,
4721,
794,
599,
13534,
1372,
515,
278,
931,
591,
316,
331,
385,
2944,
408,
376,
4548,
2859,
29908,
304,
746,
591,
13,
12,
458,
5217,
372,
29892,
577,
385,
443,
29899,
4548,
2859,
2944,
1838,
29915,
29873,
269,
484,
557,
297,
1090,
278,
1021,
1820,
29892,
925,
13,
12,
458,
1434,
278,
21267,
29889,
13,
12,
29883,
29889,
4548,
12232,
16542,
29889,
16542,
580,
13,
12,
311,
571,
274,
29889,
4548,
12232,
16542,
29889,
2525,
908,
580,
13,
12,
16394,
287,
2001,
29892,
4864,
3490,
274,
29889,
657,
27939,
287,
9634,
29898,
1989,
29897,
13,
12,
361,
1738,
9933,
426,
13,
12,
12,
2457,
4263,
29892,
2089,
13,
12,
29913,
13,
12,
361,
274,
29889,
4548,
12232,
15644,
29889,
3624,
9544,
2859,
29898,
16394,
287,
2001,
29897,
426,
13,
12,
12,
29895,
1188,
29889,
29963,
29898,
29946,
467,
25433,
974,
703,
9634,
1273,
29894,
29901,
1273,
29974,
29894,
756,
1518,
2859,
613,
1820,
29892,
14334,
287,
2001,
29889,
9930,
29897,
13,
12,
12,
29883,
29889,
8173,
10486,
29889,
12498,
29898,
1989,
29897,
13,
12,
12,
2457,
4263,
29892,
2089,
13,
12,
29913,
13,
12,
2457,
14334,
287,
2001,
29889,
9930,
29892,
1565,
13,
29913,
13,
13,
458,
3617,
2059,
2558,
3639,
278,
2944,
6087,
1090,
278,
1820,
29892,
470,
6166,
4864,
29922,
4541,
29889,
13,
9891,
313,
29883,
334,
9544,
12232,
10408,
29897,
3617,
2059,
2558,
29898,
1989,
1347,
29897,
313,
13248,
29912,
1118,
6120,
29892,
1059,
29897,
426,
13,
12
] | 2,707 | 0 | Github | -1 | -1 |
obj, exists := c.getOrExpire(key)
return obj, exists, nil
}
// Get returns unexpired items. It purges the cache of expired items in the
// process.
func (c *ExpirationCache) Get(obj interface{}) (interface{}, bool, error) {
key, err := c.keyFunc(obj)
if err != nil {
return nil, false, KeyError{obj, err}
}
obj, exists := c.getOrExpire(key)
return obj, exists, nil
}
// List retrieves a list of unexpired items. It purges the cache of expired
// items in the process.
func (c *ExpirationCache) List() []interface{} {
items := c.cacheStorage.List()
list := make([]interface{}, 0, len(items))
for _, item := range items {
key := item.(*TimestampedEntry).key
if obj, exists := c.getOrExpire(key); exists {
list = append(list, obj)
}
}
return list
}
// ListKeys returns a list of all keys in the expiration cache.
func (c *ExpirationCache) ListKeys() []string {
return c.cacheStorage.ListKeys()
}
// Add timestamps an item and inserts it into the cache, overwriting entries
// that might exist under the same key.
func (c *ExpirationCache) Add(obj interface{}) error {
key, err := c.keyFunc(obj)
if err != nil {
return KeyError{obj, err}
}
c.expirationLock.Lock()
defer c.expirationLock.Unlock()
c.cacheStorage.Add(key, &TimestampedEntry{obj, c.clock.Now(), key})
return nil
}
// Update has not been implemented yet for lack of a use case, so this method
// simply calls `Add`. This effectively refreshes the timestamp.
func (c *ExpirationCache) Update(obj interface{}) error {
return c.Add(obj)
}
// Delete removes an item from the cache.
func (c *ExpirationCache) Delete(obj interface{}) error {
key, err := c.keyFunc(obj)
if err != nil {
return KeyError{obj, err}
}
c.expirationLock.Lock()
defer c.expirationLock.Unlock()
c.cacheStorage.Delete(key)
return nil
}
// Replace will convert all items in the given list to TimestampedEntries
// before attempting the replace operation. The replace operation will
// delete the contents of the ExpirationCache `c`.
func (c *ExpirationCache) Replace(list []interface{}, resourceVersion string) error {
items := make(map[string]interface{}, len(list))
ts := c.clock.Now()
for _, item := range list {
key, err := c.keyFunc(item)
if err != nil {
return KeyError{item, err}
}
items[key] = &TimestampedEntry{item, ts, key}
}
c.expirationLock.Lock()
defer c.expirationLock.Unlock()
c.cacheStorage.Replace(items, resourceVersion)
return nil
}
// Resync is a no-op for one of these
func (c *ExpirationCache) Resync() error {
return nil
}
// NewTTLStore creates and returns a ExpirationCache with a TTLPolicy
func NewTTLStore(keyFunc KeyFunc, ttl time.Duration) Store {
return NewExpirationStore(keyFunc, &TTLPolicy{ttl, clock.RealClock{}})
}
// NewExpirationStore creates and returns a ExpirationCache for a given policy
func NewExpirationStore(keyFunc KeyFunc, expirationPolicy ExpirationPolicy) Store {
return &ExpirationCache{
cacheStorage: NewThreadSafeStore(Indexers{}, Indices{}),
keyFunc: keyFunc,
clock: clock.RealClock{},
expirationPolicy: | -1.035044 | -0.546431 | 0.237513 | 0.652029 | [
-1.1090065960285105,
-0.9610816496966442
] | [
-0.5911962456810939,
-0.5016648166156079
] | [
0.22229602332717321,
0.25273091563178446
] | [
0.5869943001762118,
0.7170628135888559
] | 1,024 | [
512,
512
] | [
5415,
29892,
4864,
3490,
274,
29889,
657,
2816,
9544,
533,
29898,
1989,
29897,
13,
12,
2457,
5446,
29892,
4864,
29892,
4263,
13,
29913,
13,
13,
458,
3617,
3639,
443,
4548,
2859,
4452,
29889,
739,
282,
2007,
267,
278,
7090,
310,
1518,
2859,
4452,
297,
278,
13,
458,
1889,
29889,
13,
9891,
313,
29883,
334,
9544,
12232,
10408,
29897,
3617,
29898,
5415,
5067,
29912,
1800,
313,
13248,
29912,
1118,
6120,
29892,
1059,
29897,
426,
13,
12,
1989,
29892,
4589,
3490,
274,
29889,
1989,
14400,
29898,
5415,
29897,
13,
12,
361,
4589,
2804,
4263,
426,
13,
12,
12,
2457,
4263,
29892,
2089,
29892,
7670,
2392,
29912,
5415,
29892,
4589,
29913,
13,
12,
29913,
13,
12,
5415,
29892,
4864,
3490,
274,
29889,
657,
2816,
9544,
533,
29898,
1989,
29897,
13,
12,
2457,
5446,
29892,
4864,
29892,
4263,
13,
29913,
13,
13,
458,
2391,
5663,
17180,
263,
1051,
310,
443,
4548,
2859,
4452,
29889,
739,
282,
2007,
267,
278,
7090,
310,
1518,
2859,
13,
458,
4452,
297,
278,
1889,
29889,
13,
9891,
313,
29883,
334,
9544,
12232,
10408,
29897,
2391,
580,
5159,
13248,
8875,
426,
13,
12,
7076,
3490,
274,
29889,
8173,
10486,
29889,
1293,
580,
13,
13,
12,
1761,
3490,
1207,
29898,
2636,
13248,
29912,
1118,
29871,
29900,
29892,
7431,
29898,
7076,
876,
13,
12,
1454,
17117,
2944,
3490,
3464,
4452,
426,
13,
12,
12,
1989,
3490,
2944,
29889,
10456,
27939,
287,
9634,
467,
1989,
13,
12,
12,
361,
5446,
29892,
4864,
3490,
274,
29889,
657,
2816,
9544,
533,
29898,
1989,
416,
4864,
426,
13,
12,
12,
12,
1761,
353,
9773,
29898,
1761,
29892,
5446,
29897,
13,
12,
12,
29913,
13,
12,
29913,
13,
12,
2457,
1051,
13,
29913,
13,
13,
458,
2391,
15506,
3639,
263,
1051,
310,
599,
6611,
297,
278,
1518,
12232,
7090,
29889,
13,
9891,
313,
29883,
334,
9544,
12232,
10408,
29897,
2391,
15506,
580,
5159,
1807,
426,
13,
12,
2457,
274,
29889,
8173,
10486,
29889,
1293,
15506,
580,
13,
29913,
13,
13,
458,
3462,
5335,
342,
15092,
385,
2944,
322,
13534,
1372,
372,
964,
278,
7090,
29892,
975,
16554,
9976,
13,
458,
393,
1795,
1863,
1090,
278,
1021,
1820,
29889,
13,
9891,
313,
29883,
334,
9544,
12232,
10408,
29897,
3462,
29898,
5415,
5067,
29912,
1800,
1059,
426,
13,
12,
1989,
29892,
4589,
3490,
274,
29889,
1989,
14400,
29898,
5415,
29897,
13,
12,
361,
4589,
2804,
4263,
426,
13,
12,
12,
2457,
7670,
2392,
29912,
5415,
29892,
4589,
29913,
13,
12,
29913,
13,
12,
29883,
29889,
4548,
12232,
16542,
29889,
16542,
580,
13,
12,
311,
571,
274,
29889,
4548,
12232,
16542,
29889,
2525,
908,
580,
13,
13,
12,
29883,
29889,
8173,
10486,
29889,
2528,
29898,
1989,
29892,
669,
27939,
287,
9634,
29912,
5415,
29892,
274,
29889,
13058,
29889,
10454,
3285,
1820,
1800,
13,
12,
2457,
4263,
13,
29913,
13,
13,
458,
10318,
756,
451,
1063,
8762,
3447,
363,
10225,
310,
263,
671,
1206,
29892,
577,
445,
1158,
13,
458,
3763,
5717,
421,
2528,
1412,
910,
17583,
11086,
267,
278,
14334,
29889,
13,
9891,
313,
29883,
334,
9544,
12232,
10408,
29897,
10318,
29898,
5415,
5067,
29912,
1800,
1059,
426,
13,
12,
2457,
274,
29889,
2528,
29898,
5415,
29897,
13,
29913,
13,
13,
458,
21267,
25388,
385,
2944,
515,
278,
7090,
29889,
13,
9891,
313,
29883,
334,
9544,
12232,
10408,
29897,
21267,
29898,
5415,
5067,
29912,
1800,
1059,
426,
13,
12,
1989,
29892,
4589,
3490,
274,
29889,
1989,
14400,
29898,
5415,
29897,
13,
12,
361,
4589,
2804,
4263,
426,
13,
12,
12,
2457,
7670,
2392,
29912,
5415,
29892,
4589,
29913,
13,
12,
29913,
13,
12,
29883,
29889,
4548,
12232,
16542,
29889,
16542,
580,
13,
12,
311,
571,
274,
29889,
4548,
12232,
16542,
29889,
2525,
908,
580,
13,
12,
29883,
29889,
8173,
10486,
29889,
12498,
29898,
1989,
29897,
13,
12,
2457,
4263,
13,
29913,
13,
13,
458,
22108,
674,
3588,
599,
4452,
297,
278,
2183,
1051,
304,
7870,
7416,
287,
5292,
2722,
13,
458,
1434,
15661,
278,
5191,
5858,
29889,
450,
5191,
5858,
674,
13,
458,
5217,
278,
8118,
310,
278,
12027,
12232,
10408,
421,
29883,
1412,
13,
9891,
313,
29883,
334,
9544,
12232,
10408,
29897,
22108,
29898,
1761,
5159,
13248,
29912,
1118,
6503,
6594,
1347,
29897,
1059,
426,
13,
12,
7076,
3490,
1207,
29898,
1958,
29961,
1807,
29962,
13248,
29912,
1118,
7431,
29898,
1761,
876,
13,
12,
1372,
3490,
274,
29889,
13058,
29889,
10454,
580,
13,
12,
1454,
17117,
2944,
3490,
3464,
1051,
426,
13,
12,
12,
1989,
29892,
4589,
3490,
274,
29889,
1989,
14400,
29898,
667,
29897,
13,
12,
12,
361,
4589,
2804,
4263,
426,
13,
12,
12,
12,
2457,
7670,
2392,
29912,
667,
29892,
4589,
29913,
13,
12,
12,
29913,
13,
12,
12,
7076,
29961,
1989,
29962,
353,
669,
27939,
287,
9634,
29912,
667,
29892,
18696,
29892,
1820,
29913,
13,
12,
29913,
13,
12,
29883,
29889,
4548,
12232,
16542,
29889,
16542,
580,
13,
12,
311,
571,
274,
29889,
4548,
12232,
16542,
29889,
2525,
908,
580,
13,
12,
29883,
29889,
8173,
10486,
29889,
20083,
29898,
7076,
29892,
6503,
6594,
29897,
13,
12,
2457,
4263,
13,
29913,
13,
13,
458,
2538,
2720,
338,
263,
694,
29899,
459,
363,
697,
310,
1438,
13,
9891,
313,
29883,
334,
9544,
12232,
10408,
29897,
2538,
2720,
580,
1059,
426,
13,
12,
2457,
4263,
13,
29913,
13,
13,
458,
1570,
29911,
14632,
9044,
10017,
322,
3639,
263,
12027,
12232,
10408,
411,
263,
323,
14632,
15644,
13,
9891,
1570,
29911,
14632,
9044,
29898,
1989,
14400,
7670,
14400,
29892,
260,
15206,
931,
29889,
18984,
29897,
14491,
426,
13,
12,
2457,
1570,
9544,
12232,
9044,
29898,
1989,
14400,
29892,
669,
29911,
14632,
15644,
29912,
698,
29880,
29892,
12006,
29889,
21713,
29907,
908,
29912,
24289,
13,
29913,
13,
13,
458,
1570,
9544,
12232,
9044,
10017,
322,
3639,
263,
12027,
12232,
10408,
363,
263,
2183,
8898,
13,
9891,
1570,
9544,
12232,
9044,
29898,
1989,
14400,
7670,
14400,
29892,
1518,
12232,
15644,
12027,
12232,
15644,
29897,
14491,
426,
13,
12,
2457,
669,
9544,
12232,
10408,
29912,
13,
12,
12,
8173,
10486,
29901,
268,
1570,
4899,
17618,
1725,
9044,
29898,
3220,
414,
29912,
1118,
1894,
1575,
8875,
511,
13,
12,
12,
1989,
14400,
29901,
3986,
1820,
14400,
29892,
13,
12,
12,
13058,
29901,
9651,
12006,
29889,
21713,
29907,
908,
29912,
1118,
13,
12,
12,
4548,
12232,
15644,
29901
] | 2,707 | 1,024 | Github | -1 | -1 |
This position will be filled subject to uconn dissertation approval page approval. This dissertation is dedicated to the memory of my father, Tetsuo Oku thesis statement for biography paper. APPROVAL PAGE. I am very proud of having been part of the UConn linguistics community, which.
Mary. Beth Bruder, Ph. and the Department of Pediatrics at UConn Health School of Medicine. Table of Contents. Approval Page. Earned Ph.D. uconn dissertation approval page Management or related field, with dissertation defended by August 23, 2019.
Council. Doctoral students. http://grad.uconn.edu/current-students/doctoral-degree-program/dissertation-information/ Public notice must. Second, the Dissertation Tentative Approval Page has been revised to no. AAS at UConn would. section). If the University Senate were to approve this.
Dissertation, research ovpr invites uconn storrs and graduate school in addition to expedite the. Mar 2016. Letter from Mayor Shapiro and Chairman Goodwin Re: UConn Student Recreation Center b. Dec 2018. Earned Ph.D. in Management or related field, with dissertation defended by August 23, 2019.
Submit original copy to Registrars Office with the dissertation. Give a copy to the History Graduate Office for your department file. Com for free UConn Theses and Dissertations UConn (Masters) There uconn dissertation approval page also links. A recently bibliography sample research paper dissertation – the only such research located.
Submit signed Dissertation Tentative Approval Page.pdfto the Graduate School. Graduate School at [email protected] (along with ccs to uconn dissertation approval page Advisory. Rated 4 stars, based on 75 customer reviews From $9.6 per page Available!.
McNair Scholars from Wesleyan and UConn. Title. Page#. 1. Closing Date Notice. BASKETBALL. 32. Appendix A: IRB Approval Letter. Revised August 31, 2017. qualifying exam, teaching assistantships, thesis proposal, oral defense, and submission of a written thesis. Submitted as a. Past or present thesis advisor or. What Is. IRB APPROVAL DATE: 11/03/2017. For these, complete the required forms and submit them to the UConn Health.
Macros for the title and approval pages. The University of Descriptive essay of my dream house (UConn) is entering a transformational period of growth supported by. Dlsu thesis uconn dissertation approval page page format Denial of admission may be applied to the.
Academic Help Online - Best in USA, Proquest Dissertation And Thesis Order Form. This uconn dissertation approval page will be filled subject to budgetary approval.
Committee Approval Page. This Dissertation Manuscript, has been accepted by the Doctor of Education Program, the. Earned Ph.D. in Management or related uconn dissertation approval page, with dissertation. Dissertation Submission Checklist.pdf · Dissertation Tentative Approval Page.pdf paye Doctoral Dissertation Proposal Coversheet and Instructions.pdf · Plan of Study. UConns faculty and staff are the pqge link to fostering and. College of. Uconn dissertation approval page Permission Statement Page.
HONORS THESIS. THE EFFECTS OF MUTATIONAL MELTDOWN AND THE ACCUMULATION OF. Pending budgetary approval, The Graduate School awards a limited number of. Dec 2018. The University of Connecticut (UConn) is entering a transformational period of growth supported by the $1.7B Next Generation Connecticut. APPROVAL PAGE. Being a graduate student at UConn has been an amazing intellectual journey, disesrtation immense honor.
The paper should include a minimum of 1-inch margins and page numbers in the. Sedimentary Pigments as Biomarkers of Spatial and Seasonal Variations in Arctic Pelagic-Benthic. The final copy must include an original | -1.278846 | -1.509789 | -0.381963 | -0.407501 | [
-1.2733676475083617,
-1.2843250509403517
] | [
-1.703176594674429,
-1.31640082111153
] | [
-0.6514390099177075,
-0.11248779202355032
] | [
-0.6241874381581546,
-0.19081541003140065
] | 1,024 | [
512,
512
] | [
910,
2602,
674,
367,
10423,
4967,
304,
318,
13082,
766,
1940,
362,
2134,
791,
1813,
2134,
791,
29889,
910,
766,
1940,
362,
338,
16955,
304,
278,
3370,
310,
590,
4783,
29892,
323,
1691,
25608,
438,
2120,
266,
6656,
3229,
363,
4768,
5275,
5650,
29889,
12279,
8618,
8932,
349,
10461,
29889,
306,
626,
1407,
22314,
310,
2534,
1063,
760,
310,
278,
501,
1168,
29876,
21110,
6765,
7881,
29892,
607,
29889,
13,
29924,
653,
29889,
23408,
1771,
18309,
29892,
1963,
29889,
322,
278,
10317,
310,
9293,
7163,
10817,
472,
501,
1168,
29876,
15202,
4523,
310,
27529,
29889,
6137,
310,
2866,
1237,
29889,
28268,
791,
9305,
29889,
382,
2753,
287,
1963,
29889,
29928,
29889,
318,
13082,
766,
1940,
362,
2134,
791,
1813,
15057,
470,
4475,
1746,
29892,
411,
766,
1940,
362,
822,
2760,
491,
3111,
29871,
29906,
29941,
29892,
29871,
29906,
29900,
29896,
29929,
29889,
13,
29907,
1309,
5553,
29889,
15460,
284,
8041,
29889,
1732,
597,
5105,
29889,
29884,
13082,
29889,
6085,
29914,
3784,
29899,
18082,
1237,
29914,
1867,
2801,
284,
29899,
12163,
929,
29899,
8860,
29914,
2218,
1940,
362,
29899,
19678,
29914,
5236,
8369,
1818,
29889,
6440,
29892,
278,
3295,
1940,
362,
323,
296,
1230,
28268,
791,
9305,
756,
1063,
337,
11292,
304,
694,
29889,
319,
3289,
472,
501,
1168,
29876,
723,
29889,
4004,
467,
960,
278,
3014,
18148,
892,
304,
2134,
345,
445,
29889,
13,
4205,
1940,
362,
29892,
5925,
15397,
558,
2437,
3246,
318,
13082,
2840,
2288,
322,
10591,
403,
3762,
297,
6124,
304,
15310,
568,
278,
29889,
1085,
29871,
29906,
29900,
29896,
29953,
29889,
2803,
357,
515,
22186,
1383,
2754,
307,
322,
24193,
1171,
7197,
5080,
830,
29901,
501,
1168,
29876,
15740,
3599,
276,
362,
7817,
289,
29889,
3826,
29871,
29906,
29900,
29896,
29947,
29889,
382,
2753,
287,
1963,
29889,
29928,
29889,
297,
15057,
470,
4475,
1746,
29892,
411,
766,
1940,
362,
822,
2760,
491,
3111,
29871,
29906,
29941,
29892,
29871,
29906,
29900,
29896,
29929,
29889,
13,
16228,
2441,
3509,
304,
2169,
2132,
1503,
11367,
411,
278,
766,
1940,
362,
29889,
25538,
263,
3509,
304,
278,
5298,
1632,
13467,
403,
11367,
363,
596,
14311,
934,
29889,
422,
363,
3889,
501,
1168,
29876,
498,
21523,
322,
3295,
1940,
800,
501,
1168,
29876,
313,
19203,
29879,
29897,
1670,
318,
13082,
766,
1940,
362,
2134,
791,
1813,
884,
2988,
29889,
319,
10325,
11721,
5275,
4559,
5925,
5650,
766,
1940,
362,
785,
278,
871,
1316,
5925,
5982,
29889,
13,
16228,
8794,
3295,
1940,
362,
323,
296,
1230,
28268,
791,
9305,
29889,
5140,
517,
278,
1632,
13467,
403,
4523,
29889,
1632,
13467,
403,
4523,
472,
4656,
27041,
29992,
29884,
13082,
29889,
6085,
313,
284,
549,
411,
274,
2395,
304,
318,
13082,
766,
1940,
362,
2134,
791,
1813,
2087,
1730,
706,
29889,
390,
630,
29871,
29946,
10819,
29892,
2729,
373,
29871,
29955,
29945,
11962,
21804,
3645,
395,
29929,
29889,
29953,
639,
1813,
7740,
3106,
21520,
13,
27297,
29940,
1466,
1102,
324,
1503,
515,
23976,
2330,
273,
322,
501,
1168,
29876,
29889,
18527,
29889,
9305,
29937,
29889,
29871,
29896,
29889,
2233,
14556,
4712,
16393,
29889,
350,
3289,
29968,
2544,
29933,
9818,
29889,
29871,
29941,
29906,
29889,
22871,
861,
319,
29901,
23292,
29933,
28268,
791,
2803,
357,
29889,
830,
11292,
3111,
29871,
29941,
29896,
29892,
29871,
29906,
29900,
29896,
29955,
29889,
4021,
9215,
4392,
29892,
18819,
20255,
9981,
29892,
266,
6656,
24963,
29892,
470,
284,
26406,
29892,
322,
29240,
310,
263,
3971,
266,
6656,
29889,
3323,
29885,
4430,
408,
263,
29889,
19793,
470,
2198,
266,
6656,
594,
19188,
470,
29889,
1724,
1317,
29889,
23292,
29933,
12279,
8618,
8932,
20231,
29901,
29871,
29896,
29896,
29914,
29900,
29941,
29914,
29906,
29900,
29896,
29955,
29889,
1152,
1438,
29892,
4866,
278,
3734,
7190,
322,
9752,
963,
304,
278,
501,
1168,
29876,
15202,
29889,
13,
15735,
1883,
363,
278,
3611,
322,
2134,
791,
6515,
29889,
450,
3014,
310,
2726,
924,
573,
3686,
388,
310,
590,
12561,
3699,
313,
29965,
1168,
29876,
29897,
338,
18055,
263,
4327,
1288,
3785,
310,
14321,
6969,
491,
29889,
360,
29880,
2146,
266,
6656,
318,
13082,
766,
1940,
362,
2134,
791,
1813,
1813,
3402,
3384,
616,
310,
594,
6737,
1122,
367,
7436,
304,
278,
29889,
13,
29909,
9431,
293,
22305,
13542,
448,
6407,
297,
8278,
29892,
1019,
1119,
3295,
1940,
362,
1126,
498,
6656,
8170,
3812,
29889,
910,
318,
13082,
766,
1940,
362,
2134,
791,
1813,
674,
367,
10423,
4967,
304,
23562,
653,
2134,
791,
29889,
13,
1523,
2415,
371,
29872,
28268,
791,
9305,
29889,
910,
3295,
1940,
362,
2315,
375,
924,
29892,
756,
1063,
9259,
491,
278,
15460,
310,
13151,
7835,
29892,
278,
29889,
382,
2753,
287,
1963,
29889,
29928,
29889,
297,
15057,
470,
4475,
318,
13082,
766,
1940,
362,
2134,
791,
1813,
29892,
411,
766,
1940,
362,
29889,
3295,
1940,
362,
3323,
6737,
5399,
1761,
29889,
5140,
2880,
3295,
1940,
362,
323,
296,
1230,
28268,
791,
9305,
29889,
5140,
5146,
29872,
15460,
284,
3295,
1940,
362,
1019,
1066,
284,
3189,
874,
4155,
322,
2799,
582,
1953,
29889,
5140,
2880,
8402,
310,
29301,
29889,
501,
1168,
1983,
4024,
18857,
322,
13925,
526,
278,
282,
29939,
479,
1544,
304,
9926,
3241,
322,
29889,
6346,
310,
29889,
501,
13082,
766,
1940,
362,
2134,
791,
1813,
20894,
2333,
6666,
882,
9305,
29889,
13,
29950,
1164,
24125,
3446,
2890,
3235,
29889,
6093,
382,
4198,
13845,
29903,
8079,
341,
2692,
8098,
1964,
22986,
5850,
3970,
16048,
5300,
6093,
319,
4174,
5005,
13309,
8098,
8079,
29889,
349,
2548,
23562,
653,
2134,
791,
29892,
450,
1632,
13467,
403,
4523,
24441,
263,
9078,
1353,
310,
29889,
3826,
29871,
29906,
29900,
29896,
29947,
29889,
450,
3014,
310,
27230,
313,
29965,
1168,
29876,
29897,
338,
18055,
263,
4327,
1288,
3785,
310,
14321,
6969,
491,
278,
395,
29896,
29889,
29955,
29933,
8084,
28203,
27230,
29889,
12279,
8618,
8932,
349,
10461,
29889,
28265,
263,
10591,
403,
8368,
472,
501,
1168,
29876,
756,
1063,
385,
21863,
292,
29762,
16342,
29892,
766,
267,
2273,
362,
29403,
10657,
29889,
13,
1576,
5650,
881,
3160,
263,
9212,
310,
29871,
29896,
29899,
22466,
15276,
1144,
322,
1813,
3694,
297,
278,
29889,
20951,
2073,
653,
349,
335,
1860,
408,
3457,
290,
935,
414,
310,
1706,
15238,
322,
24791,
284,
9586,
800,
297,
826,
20009,
15549,
351,
293,
29899,
29933,
9097,
293,
29889,
450,
2186,
3509,
1818,
3160,
385,
2441
] | 2,714 | 0 | C4 | 17 | 12 |
Bastareaud back as France pick four uncapped players
Published: 11:41 EDT, 9 November 2017 | Updated: 13:01 EDT, 9 November 2017
Mathieu Bastareaud's last France appearance was in October 2015 in the 62-13 World Cup quarter-final thrashing at the hands of New Zealand
Mathieu Bastareaud returned to the starting XV after a two-year absence as France coach Guy Noves picked four uncapped players on Thursday to face New Zealand in Paris on Saturday.
Fly-half Anthony Belleau, 21, will make his debut alongside scrum-half Antoine Dupont, 20 and with just three caps and none of those from the start, in one of the youngest ever half-back partnerships for Les Bleus.
"The half-backs are two young players. Given their performances for their clubs and Antoine's (for France) last season, when he was with us for the Six Nations and the tour (to South Africa in June), we decided we wanted to see what they could do at this level," said Noves.
Their selection is a surprise not least given that Belleau's Toulon team-mate Francois Trinh-Duc, a 30-year-old with 60 caps, is on the bench.
Belleau, however, has started seven of Toulon's nine Top 14 matches so far this season, having been the star of the club's semi-final victory over La Rochelle in May.
Dupont has been picked for his first start ahead of Bordeaux-Begles' Baptiste Serin, relegated to the bench after starting seven of France's eight matches this year.
However, one advantage is that Dupont and Belleau have already played together at under-20 level.
Back row Judicael Cancoriet, 21, and second row Paul Gabrillagues, 24, will also make their debuts, alongside Bastareaud's centre partner Geoffrey Doumayrou, 28.
The 29-year-old Bastareaud's last France appearance was in October 2015 in the humiliating 62-13 World Cup quarter-final thrashing at the hands of New Zealand.
"Looking at our opponents' potential, we've brought a bit of maturity to the midfield with Mathieu alongside Geoffrey, who's been showing his form and speed for some time," said Noves.
Doumayrou's selection is another surprise given Damian Penaud's form in South Africa in June, but the Clermont centre will start on the bench.
There are a couple more surprises decisions. Teddy Thomas comes back into the side on the right wing for the first time since February 2016, picked for a sixth cap ahead of Hugo Bonneval and Gabriel Lacroix, and in the absence of injured Fijian-born pair Noa Nakaitaci and Virimi Vakatawa.
Nans Ducuing will earn just his third cap at full-back as South African-born Scott Spedding doesn't even make the bench.
Noves's decision to start Belleau and Dupont in the half-backs slots left rivals Trinh-Duc and Serin both crestfallen.
"I'm disappointed not to be named in the starting line-up. We all want to be involved on Saturday," said Trinh-Duc who suffered a broken arm playing in last year's November internationals.
"But I have digested the news and now I can concentrate on my return because there will be a time when I will be back."
Serin also pledged to support Belleau and Dupont in what could be a trial by fire on Saturday.
"I am really disappointed. I am a competitor deep down in my soul. But this won't prevent me and Francois from helping 'Antho' and 'Toto' as much as we can."
Team (15-1)
Nans Ducuing; Teddy Thomas, Geoffrey Doumayrou, Mathieu Bastareaud, Yoann Huget; Anthony Belleau, Antoine Dupont; Louis Picamoles, Kevin Gourdon, Judicael Cancoriet; Paul Gabrillagues, Sebastien Vahaamahina; Rabah Slimani, Guilhem Guirado (capt), Jefferson Poirot
Replacements: Clement Maynadier, Raphael | -0.069423 | -0.11086 | -0.831195 | -0.647112 | [
-0.47621654783108297,
0.3373706569941807
] | [
-0.07997178571716919,
-0.14174847177235447
] | [
-0.9748097406542018,
-0.6875804445294333
] | [
-0.7032853528772188,
-0.5909386744170474
] | 1,024 | [
512,
512
] | [
25315,
6203,
566,
1250,
408,
3444,
5839,
3023,
443,
29883,
17280,
10769,
13,
21076,
3726,
29901,
29871,
29896,
29896,
29901,
29946,
29896,
9408,
29911,
29892,
29871,
29929,
3979,
29871,
29906,
29900,
29896,
29955,
891,
25723,
29901,
29871,
29896,
29941,
29901,
29900,
29896,
9408,
29911,
29892,
29871,
29929,
3979,
29871,
29906,
29900,
29896,
29955,
13,
11309,
9532,
25315,
6203,
566,
29915,
29879,
1833,
3444,
10097,
471,
297,
5533,
29871,
29906,
29900,
29896,
29945,
297,
278,
29871,
29953,
29906,
29899,
29896,
29941,
2787,
6536,
12616,
29899,
8394,
1468,
1161,
292,
472,
278,
6567,
310,
1570,
13450,
13,
11309,
9532,
25315,
6203,
566,
4133,
304,
278,
6257,
5488,
1156,
263,
1023,
29899,
6360,
18070,
408,
3444,
11182,
15880,
2864,
267,
18691,
3023,
443,
29883,
17280,
10769,
373,
498,
1295,
3250,
304,
3700,
1570,
13450,
297,
3681,
373,
24211,
29889,
13,
29943,
368,
29899,
24498,
16477,
22228,
585,
29892,
29871,
29906,
29896,
29892,
674,
1207,
670,
9512,
19963,
885,
5848,
29899,
24498,
26280,
18733,
609,
29892,
29871,
29906,
29900,
322,
411,
925,
2211,
26091,
322,
5642,
310,
1906,
515,
278,
1369,
29892,
297,
697,
310,
278,
4123,
342,
3926,
4203,
29899,
1627,
22056,
14587,
363,
2664,
24718,
375,
29889,
13,
29908,
1576,
4203,
29899,
1627,
29879,
526,
1023,
4123,
10769,
29889,
11221,
1009,
21637,
363,
1009,
17651,
322,
26280,
29915,
29879,
313,
1454,
3444,
29897,
1833,
4259,
29892,
746,
540,
471,
411,
502,
363,
278,
18372,
18269,
322,
278,
6282,
313,
517,
4275,
10557,
297,
5306,
511,
591,
8459,
591,
5131,
304,
1074,
825,
896,
1033,
437,
472,
445,
3233,
1699,
1497,
2864,
267,
29889,
13,
1576,
381,
9262,
338,
263,
16671,
451,
3203,
2183,
393,
22228,
585,
29915,
29879,
24649,
265,
3815,
29899,
25046,
20923,
275,
1605,
262,
29882,
29899,
29928,
1682,
29892,
263,
29871,
29941,
29900,
29899,
6360,
29899,
1025,
411,
29871,
29953,
29900,
26091,
29892,
338,
373,
278,
3856,
305,
29889,
13,
29933,
1808,
585,
29892,
3138,
29892,
756,
4687,
9881,
310,
24649,
265,
29915,
29879,
14183,
7488,
29871,
29896,
29946,
7087,
577,
2215,
445,
4259,
29892,
2534,
1063,
278,
5810,
310,
278,
4402,
29915,
29879,
12647,
29899,
8394,
15354,
975,
997,
1528,
305,
1808,
297,
2610,
29889,
13,
29928,
786,
609,
756,
1063,
18691,
363,
670,
937,
1369,
14432,
310,
6780,
311,
2993,
29899,
29933,
387,
793,
29915,
23759,
2488,
1816,
262,
29892,
337,
1397,
630,
304,
278,
3856,
305,
1156,
6257,
9881,
310,
3444,
29915,
29879,
9475,
7087,
445,
1629,
29889,
13,
17245,
29892,
697,
10631,
338,
393,
18733,
609,
322,
22228,
585,
505,
2307,
5318,
4208,
472,
1090,
29899,
29906,
29900,
3233,
29889,
13,
5841,
1948,
8660,
983,
295,
1815,
2616,
2035,
29892,
29871,
29906,
29896,
29892,
322,
1473,
1948,
3739,
9899,
29878,
453,
21628,
29892,
29871,
29906,
29946,
29892,
674,
884,
1207,
1009,
2553,
8842,
29892,
19963,
25315,
6203,
566,
29915,
29879,
8442,
18096,
28295,
8903,
19176,
13029,
27537,
29892,
29871,
29906,
29947,
29889,
13,
1576,
29871,
29906,
29929,
29899,
6360,
29899,
1025,
25315,
6203,
566,
29915,
29879,
1833,
3444,
10097,
471,
297,
5533,
29871,
29906,
29900,
29896,
29945,
297,
278,
3165,
2638,
1218,
29871,
29953,
29906,
29899,
29896,
29941,
2787,
6536,
12616,
29899,
8394,
1468,
1161,
292,
472,
278,
6567,
310,
1570,
13450,
29889,
13,
29908,
14959,
292,
472,
1749,
23995,
1237,
29915,
7037,
29892,
591,
29915,
345,
6296,
263,
2586,
310,
286,
1337,
537,
304,
278,
7145,
2671,
411,
5792,
9532,
19963,
28295,
8903,
29892,
1058,
29915,
29879,
1063,
6445,
670,
883,
322,
6210,
363,
777,
931,
1699,
1497,
2864,
267,
29889,
13,
29928,
283,
13029,
27537,
29915,
29879,
9262,
338,
1790,
16671,
2183,
9865,
713,
349,
2386,
566,
29915,
29879,
883,
297,
4275,
10557,
297,
5306,
29892,
541,
278,
2233,
837,
609,
8442,
674,
1369,
373,
278,
3856,
305,
29889,
13,
8439,
526,
263,
7303,
901,
11468,
4637,
1602,
12112,
29889,
22040,
4518,
5569,
5304,
1250,
964,
278,
2625,
373,
278,
1492,
21612,
363,
278,
937,
931,
1951,
6339,
29871,
29906,
29900,
29896,
29953,
29892,
18691,
363,
263,
25963,
2117,
14432,
310,
20650,
350,
7293,
791,
322,
18672,
21095,
307,
861,
29892,
322,
297,
278,
18070,
310,
28606,
383,
823,
713,
29899,
4939,
5101,
1939,
29874,
20962,
1249,
18703,
322,
6749,
10233,
478,
557,
532,
2766,
29889,
13,
29940,
550,
29630,
26420,
674,
2326,
29876,
925,
670,
4654,
2117,
472,
2989,
29899,
1627,
408,
4275,
11715,
29899,
4939,
8075,
1706,
287,
8497,
1838,
29915,
29873,
1584,
1207,
278,
3856,
305,
29889,
13,
25363,
267,
29915,
29879,
10608,
304,
1369,
22228,
585,
322,
18733,
609,
297,
278,
4203,
29899,
1627,
29879,
2243,
1862,
2175,
9050,
1338,
1605,
262,
29882,
29899,
29928,
1682,
322,
1816,
262,
1716,
2181,
342,
29888,
5442,
29889,
13,
29908,
29902,
29915,
29885,
23451,
287,
451,
304,
367,
4257,
297,
278,
6257,
1196,
29899,
786,
29889,
1334,
599,
864,
304,
367,
9701,
373,
24211,
1699,
1497,
1605,
262,
29882,
29899,
29928,
1682,
1058,
17654,
263,
9391,
5075,
8743,
297,
1833,
1629,
29915,
29879,
3979,
6121,
29879,
29889,
13,
29908,
6246,
306,
505,
4697,
2868,
278,
9763,
322,
1286,
306,
508,
10484,
10492,
373,
590,
736,
1363,
727,
674,
367,
263,
931,
746,
306,
674,
367,
1250,
1213,
13,
1748,
262,
884,
282,
839,
3192,
304,
2304,
22228,
585,
322,
18733,
609,
297,
825,
1033,
367,
263,
14260,
491,
3974,
373,
24211,
29889,
13,
29908,
29902,
626,
2289,
23451,
287,
29889,
306,
626,
263,
5100,
2105,
6483,
1623,
297,
590,
10752,
29889,
1205,
445,
2113,
29915,
29873,
5557,
592,
322,
20923,
275,
515,
19912,
525,
2744,
386,
29877,
29915,
322,
525,
29911,
3747,
29915,
408,
1568,
408,
591,
508,
1213,
13,
19409,
313,
29896,
29945,
29899,
29896,
29897,
13,
29940,
550,
29630,
26420,
29936,
22040,
4518,
5569,
29892,
28295,
8903,
19176,
13029,
27537,
29892,
5792,
9532,
25315,
6203,
566,
29892,
612,
29877,
812,
12895,
657,
29936,
16477,
22228,
585,
29892,
26280,
18733,
609,
29936,
5899,
14612,
314,
6544,
29892,
19323,
402,
473,
9176,
29892,
8660,
983,
295,
1815,
2616,
2035,
29936,
3739,
9899,
29878,
453,
21628,
29892,
16298,
819,
478,
25613,
314,
801,
1099,
29936,
16155,
801,
317,
2576,
3270,
29892,
2088,
309,
8008,
2088,
381,
912,
313,
17885,
511,
29011,
3929,
3350,
29873,
13,
5612,
4620,
4110,
29901,
26769,
2610,
28486,
631,
29892,
16866,
2350,
295
] | 2,720 | 0 | CommonCrawl | 5 | 7 |
Jake Paul vs. Tyron Woodley: When It Starts & How To Watch or Stream Online
Paul and Woodley, in their first fight earlier this year.
Jason Miller / Getty Images
In a few hours, Jacques Paul will fight his old enemy, Tyron Woodley, for the second time.
All thanks to an unfortunate injury. The initial opponent of Paul Tommy Fury, the half-brother of the reigning heavyweight king Tyson Fury, said he was withdrawing from the scheduled fight due to complications from a broken rib, and hopes to postpone their fight to 2022. And Paul said he will fight a revenge with Tyron Woodley instead of fighting Fury.
When is Jake Paul vs. Tyron Woodley?
The main card begins at 9 p.m. ET (6 p.m. PT) on December 18 in Tampa, Florida at the Amalie Arena.
Receive the CNET Culture newsletter
Explore movies, games, superheroes and more with CNET Culture. Delivered on Tuesdays and Fridays.
Viewers won't go unnoticed that Woodley will only have two weeks to prepare for the fight.
In the UK, that means the card will start at 2 a.m. on December 19. For fans in Australia, that translates to 1 p.m. on December 19.
How to watch or stream Jake Paul vs. Tyron Woodley
The fight will be available on PPV through Showtime in the US.
People in the UK can watch via
. If you're watching in Australia, you can order the fight on PPV through Kayo Sports.
Jake Paul's Most Valuable Boxer Belt
Combat sports have had strange "belts" in the past. You might remember Floyd Mayweather made a "silver" belt for Conor McGregor's fight, and Nate Diaz and Jorge Masvidal fought for the UFC's Baddest Motherfucker belt.
But Jake Paul's new belt could well surpass them.
My "Most Valuable Boxer" belt designed and painted by Alec Monopoly is my $ 500,000 Christmas present. It is hand painted by one of the greatest artists of our generation and includes a Hermes Birkin bag sewn to the side as well as a Cartier and Rolex diamond watch. 2 days. pic.twitter.com/tBNkJjWViC
– Jake Paul (@jakepaul) December 16, 2021
During the last Jake Paul vs. Tyron Woodley press conference, Paul revealed this new belt, which is apparently worth $ 500,000. He also mentioned some disturbing symptoms of his new boxing career, claiming he suffered from memory loss and slurred speech.
You can watch the full press conference below.
Tommy Fury's injury
Fury promoter Frank Warren posted a thread on Monday announcing the change.
"I am absolutely heartbroken that I was forced to withdraw from my fight with Jake Paul due to a bacterial infection in my chest and a broken rib," Fury said in one of the tweets. "I can't express how disappointed I am and I really hope we can postpone this fight until the New Years, I want this fight to always happen more than anything."
Tyron Woodley as a replacement
But it didn't take long for Paul to find a new opponent. On Monday, he tweeted that he would still fight on December 18, but instead of Tommy Fury, he is fighting Tyron Woodley.
"When my team woke me up on Friday to tell me Tommy was stepping down, I told them I'm ready to fight anyone on December 18," Paul said in a press release. "Troy, Trey, Trevor, Travis. I don't care who it is.
Paul fought Woodley, a mixed martial artist, in August, defeat him in a split-decision fight. You may remember Paul's light-up trunks, or Woodley's trunks announcing "Dude Wipes". Or maybe you remember how Paul told Woodley that he would give him revenge if Woodley got a "I love Jake Paul" tattoo. What he did – inside of a finger, where hardly anyone can see it.
"First time I sent [Woodley]"Paul said in a | -0.597433 | -0.504798 | -1.877712 | -1.429068 | [
-0.4584107672540991,
-0.7364548793408475
] | [
-0.3987036731902991,
-0.6108931600755008
] | [
-1.4313331252233703,
-2.324089966158633
] | [
-1.3692361415499572,
-1.4888991738895898
] | 1,024 | [
512,
512
] | [
435,
1296,
3739,
7186,
29889,
9656,
1617,
10180,
2330,
29901,
1932,
739,
624,
5708,
669,
1128,
1763,
24274,
470,
13763,
13542,
13,
18275,
322,
10180,
2330,
29892,
297,
1009,
937,
8589,
8859,
445,
1629,
29889,
13,
29967,
1658,
16498,
847,
3617,
1017,
1954,
1179,
13,
797,
263,
2846,
6199,
29892,
12915,
3739,
674,
8589,
670,
2030,
11103,
29892,
9656,
1617,
10180,
2330,
29892,
363,
278,
1473,
931,
29889,
13,
3596,
3969,
304,
385,
443,
6477,
403,
24092,
29889,
450,
2847,
23995,
296,
310,
3739,
27036,
383,
2857,
29892,
278,
4203,
29899,
6729,
721,
310,
278,
20913,
292,
9416,
7915,
6989,
323,
952,
265,
383,
2857,
29892,
1497,
540,
471,
28679,
292,
515,
278,
21467,
8589,
2861,
304,
752,
5795,
515,
263,
9391,
18130,
29892,
322,
26926,
304,
1400,
29886,
650,
1009,
8589,
304,
29871,
29906,
29900,
29906,
29906,
29889,
1126,
3739,
1497,
540,
674,
8589,
263,
20957,
479,
411,
9656,
1617,
10180,
2330,
2012,
310,
17770,
383,
2857,
29889,
13,
10401,
338,
435,
1296,
3739,
7186,
29889,
9656,
1617,
10180,
2330,
29973,
13,
1576,
1667,
5881,
16410,
472,
29871,
29929,
282,
29889,
29885,
29889,
382,
29911,
313,
29953,
282,
29889,
29885,
29889,
349,
29911,
29897,
373,
5846,
29871,
29896,
29947,
297,
323,
20056,
29892,
13813,
472,
278,
1913,
284,
347,
26053,
29889,
13,
24131,
278,
315,
6006,
14062,
9763,
15670,
13,
1252,
572,
487,
2351,
583,
29892,
8090,
29892,
2428,
29882,
1489,
267,
322,
901,
411,
315,
6006,
14062,
29889,
5556,
2147,
287,
373,
323,
1041,
16700,
322,
23706,
1036,
29889,
13,
1043,
414,
2113,
29915,
29873,
748,
443,
1333,
7612,
393,
10180,
2330,
674,
871,
505,
1023,
11405,
304,
19012,
363,
278,
8589,
29889,
13,
797,
278,
10261,
29892,
393,
2794,
278,
5881,
674,
1369,
472,
29871,
29906,
263,
29889,
29885,
29889,
373,
5846,
29871,
29896,
29929,
29889,
1152,
24909,
297,
8314,
29892,
393,
5578,
1078,
304,
29871,
29896,
282,
29889,
29885,
29889,
373,
5846,
29871,
29896,
29929,
29889,
13,
5328,
304,
6505,
470,
4840,
435,
1296,
3739,
7186,
29889,
9656,
1617,
10180,
2330,
13,
1576,
8589,
674,
367,
3625,
373,
349,
29925,
29963,
1549,
7704,
2230,
297,
278,
3148,
29889,
13,
15666,
1991,
297,
278,
10261,
508,
6505,
3025,
13,
29889,
960,
366,
29915,
276,
21217,
297,
8314,
29892,
366,
508,
1797,
278,
8589,
373,
349,
29925,
29963,
1549,
28444,
29877,
12453,
29889,
13,
29967,
1296,
3739,
29915,
29879,
7849,
2630,
29884,
519,
11773,
261,
350,
2152,
13,
1523,
10222,
14717,
505,
750,
8515,
376,
6596,
1372,
29908,
297,
278,
4940,
29889,
887,
1795,
6456,
383,
18966,
2610,
705,
1624,
1754,
263,
376,
25590,
369,
29908,
1339,
29873,
363,
1281,
272,
22805,
1727,
272,
29915,
29879,
8589,
29892,
322,
405,
403,
22866,
29920,
322,
21801,
8622,
8590,
284,
20722,
363,
278,
501,
8610,
29915,
29879,
350,
1202,
342,
21869,
29888,
29583,
1339,
29873,
29889,
13,
6246,
435,
1296,
3739,
29915,
29879,
716,
1339,
29873,
1033,
1532,
1190,
3364,
963,
29889,
13,
3421,
376,
29924,
520,
2630,
29884,
519,
11773,
261,
29908,
1339,
29873,
8688,
322,
23139,
491,
7801,
29883,
2598,
13242,
29891,
338,
590,
395,
29871,
29945,
29900,
29900,
29892,
29900,
29900,
29900,
17661,
2198,
29889,
739,
338,
1361,
23139,
491,
697,
310,
278,
14176,
17906,
310,
1749,
12623,
322,
7805,
263,
10515,
267,
350,
6793,
262,
19548,
409,
1233,
304,
278,
2625,
408,
1532,
408,
263,
12370,
631,
322,
1528,
2506,
11502,
898,
6505,
29889,
29871,
29906,
3841,
29889,
11942,
29889,
24946,
29889,
510,
29914,
29873,
29933,
29940,
29895,
29967,
29926,
29956,
29963,
29875,
29907,
13,
29994,
435,
1296,
3739,
20164,
29926,
1296,
3274,
352,
29897,
5846,
29871,
29896,
29953,
29892,
29871,
29906,
29900,
29906,
29896,
13,
29928,
3864,
278,
1833,
435,
1296,
3739,
7186,
29889,
9656,
1617,
10180,
2330,
3965,
21362,
29892,
3739,
17845,
445,
716,
1339,
29873,
29892,
607,
338,
13229,
7088,
395,
29871,
29945,
29900,
29900,
29892,
29900,
29900,
29900,
29889,
940,
884,
5276,
777,
29543,
292,
25828,
4835,
310,
670,
716,
3800,
292,
6413,
29892,
5995,
292,
540,
17654,
515,
3370,
6410,
322,
2243,
332,
1127,
12032,
29889,
13,
3492,
508,
6505,
278,
2989,
3965,
21362,
2400,
29889,
13,
21599,
1357,
383,
2857,
29915,
29879,
24092,
13,
29943,
2857,
2504,
17084,
4976,
24511,
8059,
263,
3244,
373,
27822,
7475,
3277,
278,
1735,
29889,
13,
29908,
29902,
626,
13312,
5192,
6729,
1717,
393,
306,
471,
11826,
304,
28679,
515,
590,
8589,
411,
435,
1296,
3739,
2861,
304,
263,
289,
5761,
616,
297,
20309,
297,
590,
521,
342,
322,
263,
9391,
18130,
1699,
383,
2857,
1497,
297,
697,
310,
278,
7780,
1691,
29889,
376,
29902,
508,
29915,
29873,
4653,
920,
23451,
287,
306,
626,
322,
306,
2289,
4966,
591,
508,
1400,
29886,
650,
445,
8589,
2745,
278,
1570,
23857,
29892,
306,
864,
445,
8589,
304,
2337,
3799,
901,
1135,
3099,
1213,
13,
21314,
1617,
10180,
2330,
408,
263,
16920,
13,
6246,
372,
3282,
29915,
29873,
2125,
1472,
363,
3739,
304,
1284,
263,
716,
23995,
296,
29889,
1551,
27822,
29892,
540,
7780,
300,
287,
393,
540,
723,
1603,
8589,
373,
5846,
29871,
29896,
29947,
29892,
541,
2012,
310,
27036,
383,
2857,
29892,
540,
338,
17770,
9656,
1617,
10180,
2330,
29889,
13,
29908,
10401,
590,
3815,
281,
6946,
592,
701,
373,
28728,
304,
2649,
592,
27036,
471,
1886,
3262,
1623,
29892,
306,
5429,
963,
306,
29915,
29885,
7960,
304,
8589,
5019,
373,
5846,
29871,
29896,
29947,
1699,
3739,
1497,
297,
263,
3965,
6507,
29889,
376,
29911,
4727,
29892,
6479,
29891,
29892,
6479,
5267,
29892,
3201,
1730,
29889,
306,
1016,
29915,
29873,
2562,
1058,
372,
338,
29889,
13,
18275,
20722,
10180,
2330,
29892,
263,
12849,
14436,
616,
7664,
29892,
297,
3111,
29892,
20653,
1075,
297,
263,
6219,
29899,
7099,
2459,
8589,
29889,
887,
1122,
6456,
3739,
29915,
29879,
3578,
29899,
786,
534,
18801,
29892,
470,
10180,
2330,
29915,
29879,
534,
18801,
7475,
3277,
376,
29928,
1151,
399,
29488,
1642,
1394,
5505,
366,
6456,
920,
3739,
5429,
10180,
2330,
393,
540,
723,
2367,
1075,
20957,
479,
565,
10180,
2330,
2355,
263,
376,
29902,
5360,
435,
1296,
3739,
29908,
260,
16234,
29877,
29889,
1724,
540,
1258,
785,
2768,
310,
263,
19917,
29892,
988,
15155,
5019,
508,
1074,
372,
29889,
13,
29908,
6730,
931,
306,
2665,
518,
29956,
2092,
2330,
18017,
18275,
1497,
297,
263
] | 2,721 | 0 | CommonCrawl | 2 | 16 |
require 'commander'
require 'yaml'
require 'aws-sdk-acm'
require 'aws-sdk-cloudformation'
require 'aws-sdk-ec2'
require 'aws-sdk-ecr'
require 'aws-sdk-s3'
require 'aws-sdk-sns'
require 'aws-sdk-ssm'
require 'aws-sdk-iam'
require 'rainbow'
require 'active_support'
require 'active_support/core_ext/hash/keys'
require 'active_support/core_ext/object/blank'
require 'active_support/core_ext/string/inflections'
require 'multi_json'
MultiJson.use :json_gem
module StackMaster
extend self
autoload :Initializable, 'stack_master/utils/initializable'
autoload :ChangeSet, 'stack_master/change_set'
autoload :CLI, 'stack_master/cli'
autoload :CtrlC, 'stack_master/ctrl_c'
autoload :Command, 'stack_master/command'
autoload :Diff, 'stack_master/diff'
autoload :VERSION, 'stack_master/version'
autoload :Stack, 'stack_master/stack'
autoload :Prompter, 'stack_master/prompter'
autoload :StackStates, 'stack_master/stack_states'
autoload :StackStatus, 'stack_master/stack_status'
autoload :SnsTopicFinder, 'stack_master/sns_topic_finder'
autoload :SecurityGroupFinder, 'stack_master/security_group_finder'
autoload :ParameterLoader, 'stack_master/parameter_loader'
autoload :ParameterResolver, 'stack_master/parameter_resolver'
autoload :RoleAssumer, 'stack_master/role_assumer'
autoload :ResolverArray, 'stack_master/resolver_array'
autoload :Resolver, 'stack_master/resolver_array'
autoload :Utils, 'stack_master/utils'
autoload :TemplateUtils, 'stack_master/template_utils'
autoload :Config, 'stack_master/config'
autoload :PagedResponseAccumulator, 'stack_master/paged_response_accumulator'
autoload :StackDefinition, 'stack_master/stack_definition'
autoload :TemplateCompiler, 'stack_master/template_compiler'
autoload :Identity, 'stack_master/identity'
autoload :StackDiffer, 'stack_master/stack_differ'
autoload :Validator, 'stack_master/validator'
autoload :ParameterValidator, 'stack_master/parameter_validator'
require 'stack_master/template_compilers/sparkle_formation'
require 'stack_master/template_compilers/json'
require 'stack_master/template_compilers/yaml'
require 'stack_master/template_compilers/yaml_erb'
require 'stack_master/template_compilers/cfndsl'
module Commands
autoload :TerminalHelper, 'stack_master/commands/terminal_helper'
autoload :Apply, 'stack_master/commands/apply'
autoload :Drift, 'stack_master/commands/drift'
autoload :Events, 'stack_master/commands/events'
autoload :Outputs, 'stack_master/commands/outputs'
autoload :Init, 'stack_master/commands/init'
autoload :Diff, 'stack_master/commands/diff'
autoload :ListStacks, 'stack_master/commands/list_stacks'
autoload :Validate, 'stack_master/commands/validate'
autoload :Lint, 'stack_master/commands/lint'
autoload :Compile, 'stack_master/commands/compile'
autoload :Resources, 'stack_master/commands/resources'
autoload :Delete, 'stack_master/commands/delete'
autoload :Status, 'stack | -1.596611 | -1.015575 | -0.9951 | 0.428311 | [
-1.580174943604084,
-1.6130471539000542
] | [
-1.0370627624272137,
-0.9940876764757806
] | [
-0.9443748483495906,
-1.0458244893649613
] | [
0.5193586732016368,
0.33726275442393483
] | 1,024 | [
512,
512
] | [
1996,
525,
2055,
3825,
29915,
13,
12277,
525,
25162,
29915,
13,
12277,
525,
10467,
29899,
15348,
29899,
562,
29885,
29915,
13,
12277,
525,
10467,
29899,
15348,
29899,
9274,
5404,
29915,
13,
12277,
525,
10467,
29899,
15348,
29899,
687,
29906,
29915,
13,
12277,
525,
10467,
29899,
15348,
29899,
687,
29878,
29915,
13,
12277,
525,
10467,
29899,
15348,
29899,
29879,
29941,
29915,
13,
12277,
525,
10467,
29899,
15348,
29899,
29879,
1983,
29915,
13,
12277,
525,
10467,
29899,
15348,
29899,
893,
29885,
29915,
13,
12277,
525,
10467,
29899,
15348,
29899,
2829,
29915,
13,
12277,
525,
6038,
17729,
29915,
13,
12277,
525,
4925,
29918,
5924,
29915,
13,
12277,
525,
4925,
29918,
5924,
29914,
3221,
29918,
1062,
29914,
8568,
29914,
8149,
29915,
13,
12277,
525,
4925,
29918,
5924,
29914,
3221,
29918,
1062,
29914,
3318,
29914,
19465,
29915,
13,
12277,
525,
4925,
29918,
5924,
29914,
3221,
29918,
1062,
29914,
1807,
29914,
7192,
5942,
29915,
13,
12277,
525,
9910,
29918,
3126,
29915,
13,
13,
15329,
8148,
29889,
1509,
584,
3126,
29918,
17797,
13,
13,
5453,
10292,
19203,
13,
29871,
10985,
1583,
13,
13,
29871,
1120,
3543,
328,
584,
15514,
13902,
29892,
525,
1429,
29918,
6207,
29914,
13239,
29914,
11228,
13902,
29915,
13,
29871,
1120,
3543,
328,
584,
7277,
2697,
29892,
525,
1429,
29918,
6207,
29914,
3167,
29918,
842,
29915,
13,
29871,
1120,
3543,
328,
584,
27205,
29892,
525,
1429,
29918,
6207,
29914,
11303,
29915,
13,
29871,
1120,
3543,
328,
584,
18069,
29907,
29892,
525,
1429,
29918,
6207,
29914,
24220,
29918,
29883,
29915,
13,
29871,
1120,
3543,
328,
584,
6255,
29892,
525,
1429,
29918,
6207,
29914,
6519,
29915,
13,
29871,
1120,
3543,
328,
584,
26023,
29892,
525,
1429,
29918,
6207,
29914,
12765,
29915,
13,
29871,
1120,
3543,
328,
584,
16358,
29892,
525,
1429,
29918,
6207,
29914,
3259,
29915,
13,
29871,
1120,
3543,
328,
584,
7264,
29892,
525,
1429,
29918,
6207,
29914,
1429,
29915,
13,
29871,
1120,
3543,
328,
584,
18571,
29886,
357,
29892,
525,
1429,
29918,
6207,
29914,
14032,
29886,
357,
29915,
13,
29871,
1120,
3543,
328,
584,
7264,
855,
1078,
29892,
525,
1429,
29918,
6207,
29914,
1429,
29918,
28631,
29915,
13,
29871,
1120,
3543,
328,
584,
7264,
5709,
29892,
525,
1429,
29918,
6207,
29914,
1429,
29918,
4882,
29915,
13,
29871,
1120,
3543,
328,
584,
29903,
1983,
7031,
293,
29943,
4995,
29892,
525,
1429,
29918,
6207,
29914,
29879,
1983,
29918,
13010,
29918,
2886,
261,
29915,
13,
29871,
1120,
3543,
328,
584,
13228,
4782,
29943,
4995,
29892,
525,
1429,
29918,
6207,
29914,
8926,
29918,
2972,
29918,
2886,
261,
29915,
13,
29871,
1120,
3543,
328,
584,
9329,
10036,
29892,
525,
1429,
29918,
6207,
29914,
15501,
29918,
12657,
29915,
13,
29871,
1120,
3543,
328,
584,
9329,
19648,
29892,
525,
1429,
29918,
6207,
29914,
15501,
29918,
9778,
369,
29915,
13,
29871,
1120,
3543,
328,
584,
16727,
7900,
4680,
29892,
525,
1429,
29918,
6207,
29914,
12154,
29918,
465,
4680,
29915,
13,
29871,
1120,
3543,
328,
584,
19648,
2588,
29892,
525,
1429,
29918,
6207,
29914,
9778,
369,
29918,
2378,
29915,
13,
29871,
1120,
3543,
328,
584,
19648,
29892,
525,
1429,
29918,
6207,
29914,
9778,
369,
29918,
2378,
29915,
13,
29871,
1120,
3543,
328,
584,
12177,
29892,
525,
1429,
29918,
6207,
29914,
13239,
29915,
13,
29871,
1120,
3543,
328,
584,
6733,
12177,
29892,
525,
1429,
29918,
6207,
29914,
6886,
29918,
13239,
29915,
13,
29871,
1120,
3543,
328,
584,
3991,
29892,
525,
1429,
29918,
6207,
29914,
2917,
29915,
13,
29871,
1120,
3543,
328,
584,
29925,
4063,
5103,
7504,
398,
9183,
29892,
525,
1429,
29918,
6207,
29914,
29886,
4063,
29918,
5327,
29918,
5753,
398,
9183,
29915,
13,
29871,
1120,
3543,
328,
584,
7264,
14683,
29892,
525,
1429,
29918,
6207,
29914,
1429,
29918,
16553,
29915,
13,
29871,
1120,
3543,
328,
584,
6733,
25333,
29892,
525,
1429,
29918,
6207,
29914,
6886,
29918,
21789,
29915,
13,
29871,
1120,
3543,
328,
584,
18415,
29892,
525,
1429,
29918,
6207,
29914,
22350,
29915,
13,
13,
29871,
1120,
3543,
328,
584,
7264,
29928,
8349,
29892,
525,
1429,
29918,
6207,
29914,
1429,
29918,
29881,
8349,
29915,
13,
29871,
1120,
3543,
328,
584,
24204,
29892,
525,
1429,
29918,
6207,
29914,
3084,
1061,
29915,
13,
29871,
1120,
3543,
328,
584,
9329,
24204,
29892,
525,
1429,
29918,
6207,
29914,
15501,
29918,
3084,
1061,
29915,
13,
13,
29871,
1996,
525,
1429,
29918,
6207,
29914,
6886,
29918,
2388,
22058,
29914,
12597,
280,
29918,
5404,
29915,
13,
29871,
1996,
525,
1429,
29918,
6207,
29914,
6886,
29918,
2388,
22058,
29914,
3126,
29915,
13,
29871,
1996,
525,
1429,
29918,
6207,
29914,
6886,
29918,
2388,
22058,
29914,
25162,
29915,
13,
29871,
1996,
525,
1429,
29918,
6207,
29914,
6886,
29918,
2388,
22058,
29914,
25162,
29918,
23936,
29915,
13,
29871,
1996,
525,
1429,
29918,
6207,
29914,
6886,
29918,
2388,
22058,
29914,
6854,
299,
2536,
29915,
13,
13,
29871,
3883,
1876,
4167,
13,
1678,
1120,
3543,
328,
584,
14343,
979,
10739,
29892,
525,
1429,
29918,
6207,
29914,
26381,
29914,
8489,
979,
29918,
20907,
29915,
13,
1678,
1120,
3543,
328,
584,
2052,
368,
29892,
525,
1429,
29918,
6207,
29914,
26381,
29914,
7302,
29915,
13,
1678,
1120,
3543,
328,
584,
29928,
7532,
29892,
525,
1429,
29918,
6207,
29914,
26381,
29914,
29881,
7532,
29915,
13,
1678,
1120,
3543,
328,
584,
13634,
29892,
525,
1429,
29918,
6207,
29914,
26381,
29914,
13604,
29915,
13,
1678,
1120,
3543,
328,
584,
6466,
29879,
29892,
525,
1429,
29918,
6207,
29914,
26381,
29914,
4905,
29879,
29915,
13,
1678,
1120,
3543,
328,
584,
6644,
29892,
525,
1429,
29918,
6207,
29914,
26381,
29914,
2344,
29915,
13,
1678,
1120,
3543,
328,
584,
26023,
29892,
525,
1429,
29918,
6207,
29914,
26381,
29914,
12765,
29915,
13,
1678,
1120,
3543,
328,
584,
1293,
7264,
29879,
29892,
525,
1429,
29918,
6207,
29914,
26381,
29914,
1761,
29918,
1429,
29879,
29915,
13,
1678,
1120,
3543,
328,
584,
7211,
403,
29892,
525,
1429,
29918,
6207,
29914,
26381,
29914,
15480,
29915,
13,
1678,
1120,
3543,
328,
584,
29931,
524,
29892,
525,
1429,
29918,
6207,
29914,
26381,
29914,
27854,
29915,
13,
1678,
1120,
3543,
328,
584,
6843,
488,
29892,
525,
1429,
29918,
6207,
29914,
26381,
29914,
12198,
29915,
13,
1678,
1120,
3543,
328,
584,
13770,
29892,
525,
1429,
29918,
6207,
29914,
26381,
29914,
13237,
29915,
13,
1678,
1120,
3543,
328,
584,
12498,
29892,
525,
1429,
29918,
6207,
29914,
26381,
29914,
8143,
29915,
13,
1678,
1120,
3543,
328,
584,
5709,
29892,
525,
1429
] | 2,722 | 0 | Github | -1 | -1 |
_master/commands/status'
autoload :Tidy, 'stack_master/commands/tidy'
autoload :Nag, 'stack_master/commands/nag'
end
module ParameterResolvers
autoload :AcmCertificate, 'stack_master/parameter_resolvers/acm_certificate'
autoload :AmiFinder, 'stack_master/parameter_resolvers/ami_finder'
autoload :StackOutput, 'stack_master/parameter_resolvers/stack_output'
autoload :Ejson, 'stack_master/parameter_resolvers/ejson'
autoload :SnsTopicName, 'stack_master/parameter_resolvers/sns_topic_name'
autoload :SecurityGroup, 'stack_master/parameter_resolvers/security_group'
autoload :LatestAmiByTags, 'stack_master/parameter_resolvers/latest_ami_by_tags'
autoload :LatestAmi, 'stack_master/parameter_resolvers/latest_ami'
autoload :Env, 'stack_master/parameter_resolvers/env'
autoload :ParameterStore, 'stack_master/parameter_resolvers/parameter_store'
autoload :OnePassword, 'stack_master/parameter_resolvers/one_password'
autoload :LatestContainer, 'stack_master/parameter_resolvers/latest_container'
end
module AwsDriver
autoload :CloudFormation, 'stack_master/aws_driver/cloud_formation'
autoload :S3, 'stack_master/aws_driver/s3'
end
module TestDriver
autoload :CloudFormation, 'stack_master/test_driver/cloud_formation'
autoload :S3, 'stack_master/test_driver/s3'
end
module StackEvents
autoload :Fetcher, 'stack_master/stack_events/fetcher'
autoload :Presenter, 'stack_master/stack_events/presenter'
autoload :Streamer, 'stack_master/stack_events/streamer'
end
NON_INTERACTIVE_DEFAULT = false
DEBUG_DEFAULT = false
QUIET_DEFAULT = false
SKIP_ACCOUNT_CHECK_DEFAULT = false
def interactive?
!non_interactive?
end
def non_interactive?
@non_interactive
end
@non_interactive = NON_INTERACTIVE_DEFAULT
def non_interactive!
@non_interactive = true
end
def debug!
@debug = true
end
@debug = DEBUG_DEFAULT
def debug?
@debug
end
def debug(message)
return unless debug?
stderr.puts Rainbow("[DEBUG] #{message}").color(:green)
end
def quiet!
@quiet = true
end
@quiet = QUIET_DEFAULT
def quiet?
@quiet
end
def reset_flags
@quiet = QUIET_DEFAULT
@skip_account_check = SKIP_ACCOUNT_CHECK_DEFAULT
end
def skip_account_check!
@skip_account_check = true
end
@skip_account_check = SKIP_ACCOUNT_CHECK_DEFAULT
def skip_account_check?
@skip_account_check
end
attr_accessor :non_interactive_answer
@non_interactive_answer = 'y'
def base_dir
File.expand_path(File.join(File.dirname(__FILE__), ".."))
end
def cloud_formation_driver
@cloud_formation_driver ||= AwsDriver::CloudFormation.new
end
def cloud_formation_driver=(value)
@cloud_formation_driver = value
end
def s3_driver
@s3_driver ||= AwsDriver::S3.new
end
def s3_driver=(value)
| -1.750015 | -1.064818 | -1.375536 | -0.14334 | [
-1.7007063813559748,
-1.7993230122438857
] | [
-0.4980835594529885,
-1.6315514514220404
] | [
-1.1016217919234153,
-1.6494498534064175
] | [
0.23841068423032524,
-0.5250914895018962
] | 1,024 | [
512,
512
] | [
29918,
6207,
29914,
26381,
29914,
4882,
29915,
13,
1678,
1120,
3543,
328,
584,
29911,
333,
29891,
29892,
525,
1429,
29918,
6207,
29914,
26381,
29914,
17681,
29891,
29915,
13,
1678,
1120,
3543,
328,
584,
29940,
351,
29892,
525,
1429,
29918,
6207,
29914,
26381,
29914,
29876,
351,
29915,
13,
29871,
1095,
13,
13,
29871,
3883,
24953,
12375,
874,
13,
1678,
1120,
3543,
328,
584,
29909,
4912,
20455,
8021,
29892,
525,
1429,
29918,
6207,
29914,
15501,
29918,
9778,
874,
29914,
562,
29885,
29918,
6327,
8021,
29915,
13,
1678,
1120,
3543,
328,
584,
29909,
2460,
29943,
4995,
29892,
525,
1429,
29918,
6207,
29914,
15501,
29918,
9778,
874,
29914,
4479,
29918,
2886,
261,
29915,
13,
1678,
1120,
3543,
328,
584,
7264,
6466,
29892,
525,
1429,
29918,
6207,
29914,
15501,
29918,
9778,
874,
29914,
1429,
29918,
4905,
29915,
13,
1678,
1120,
3543,
328,
584,
29923,
3126,
29892,
525,
1429,
29918,
6207,
29914,
15501,
29918,
9778,
874,
29914,
29872,
3126,
29915,
13,
1678,
1120,
3543,
328,
584,
29903,
1983,
7031,
293,
1170,
29892,
525,
1429,
29918,
6207,
29914,
15501,
29918,
9778,
874,
29914,
29879,
1983,
29918,
13010,
29918,
978,
29915,
13,
1678,
1120,
3543,
328,
584,
13228,
4782,
29892,
525,
1429,
29918,
6207,
29914,
15501,
29918,
9778,
874,
29914,
8926,
29918,
2972,
29915,
13,
1678,
1120,
3543,
328,
584,
13992,
342,
29909,
2460,
2059,
28089,
29892,
525,
1429,
29918,
6207,
29914,
15501,
29918,
9778,
874,
29914,
12333,
29918,
4479,
29918,
1609,
29918,
11338,
29915,
13,
1678,
1120,
3543,
328,
584,
13992,
342,
29909,
2460,
29892,
525,
1429,
29918,
6207,
29914,
15501,
29918,
9778,
874,
29914,
12333,
29918,
4479,
29915,
13,
1678,
1120,
3543,
328,
584,
21745,
29892,
525,
1429,
29918,
6207,
29914,
15501,
29918,
9778,
874,
29914,
6272,
29915,
13,
1678,
1120,
3543,
328,
584,
9329,
9044,
29892,
525,
1429,
29918,
6207,
29914,
15501,
29918,
9778,
874,
29914,
15501,
29918,
8899,
29915,
13,
1678,
1120,
3543,
328,
584,
6716,
10048,
29892,
525,
1429,
29918,
6207,
29914,
15501,
29918,
9778,
874,
29914,
650,
29918,
5630,
29915,
13,
1678,
1120,
3543,
328,
584,
13992,
342,
7895,
29892,
525,
1429,
29918,
6207,
29914,
15501,
29918,
9778,
874,
29914,
12333,
29918,
7611,
29915,
13,
29871,
1095,
13,
13,
29871,
3883,
319,
5652,
12376,
13,
1678,
1120,
3543,
328,
584,
20442,
2500,
362,
29892,
525,
1429,
29918,
6207,
29914,
10467,
29918,
9465,
29914,
9274,
29918,
5404,
29915,
13,
1678,
1120,
3543,
328,
584,
29903,
29941,
29892,
525,
1429,
29918,
6207,
29914,
10467,
29918,
9465,
29914,
29879,
29941,
29915,
13,
29871,
1095,
13,
13,
29871,
3883,
4321,
12376,
13,
1678,
1120,
3543,
328,
584,
20442,
2500,
362,
29892,
525,
1429,
29918,
6207,
29914,
1688,
29918,
9465,
29914,
9274,
29918,
5404,
29915,
13,
1678,
1120,
3543,
328,
584,
29903,
29941,
29892,
525,
1429,
29918,
6207,
29914,
1688,
29918,
9465,
29914,
29879,
29941,
29915,
13,
29871,
1095,
13,
13,
29871,
3883,
10292,
13634,
13,
1678,
1120,
3543,
328,
584,
20927,
261,
29892,
525,
1429,
29918,
6207,
29914,
1429,
29918,
13604,
29914,
9155,
261,
29915,
13,
1678,
1120,
3543,
328,
584,
13504,
5893,
29892,
525,
1429,
29918,
6207,
29914,
1429,
29918,
13604,
29914,
6338,
261,
29915,
13,
1678,
1120,
3543,
328,
584,
3835,
261,
29892,
525,
1429,
29918,
6207,
29914,
1429,
29918,
13604,
29914,
5461,
261,
29915,
13,
29871,
1095,
13,
13,
29871,
405,
1164,
29918,
23845,
17923,
18474,
29918,
23397,
353,
2089,
13,
29871,
21681,
29918,
23397,
353,
2089,
13,
29871,
660,
3120,
2544,
29918,
23397,
353,
2089,
13,
29871,
18581,
5690,
29918,
2477,
18736,
29918,
3210,
16658,
29918,
23397,
353,
2089,
13,
13,
29871,
822,
28923,
29973,
13,
1678,
1738,
5464,
29918,
1639,
4925,
29973,
13,
29871,
1095,
13,
13,
29871,
822,
1661,
29918,
1639,
4925,
29973,
13,
1678,
732,
5464,
29918,
1639,
4925,
13,
29871,
1095,
13,
29871,
732,
5464,
29918,
1639,
4925,
353,
405,
1164,
29918,
23845,
17923,
18474,
29918,
23397,
13,
13,
29871,
822,
1661,
29918,
1639,
4925,
29991,
13,
1678,
732,
5464,
29918,
1639,
4925,
353,
1565,
13,
29871,
1095,
13,
13,
29871,
822,
4744,
29991,
13,
1678,
732,
8382,
353,
1565,
13,
29871,
1095,
13,
29871,
732,
8382,
353,
21681,
29918,
23397,
13,
13,
29871,
822,
4744,
29973,
13,
1678,
732,
8382,
13,
29871,
1095,
13,
13,
29871,
822,
4744,
29898,
4906,
29897,
13,
1678,
736,
6521,
4744,
29973,
13,
1678,
380,
20405,
29889,
649,
29879,
21431,
17729,
703,
29961,
18525,
29962,
24037,
4906,
29913,
2564,
2780,
8137,
12692,
29897,
13,
29871,
1095,
13,
13,
29871,
822,
11813,
29991,
13,
1678,
732,
339,
2035,
353,
1565,
13,
29871,
1095,
13,
29871,
732,
339,
2035,
353,
660,
3120,
2544,
29918,
23397,
13,
13,
29871,
822,
11813,
29973,
13,
1678,
732,
339,
2035,
13,
29871,
1095,
13,
13,
29871,
822,
10092,
29918,
15764,
13,
1678,
732,
339,
2035,
353,
660,
3120,
2544,
29918,
23397,
13,
1678,
732,
11014,
29918,
10149,
29918,
3198,
353,
18581,
5690,
29918,
2477,
18736,
29918,
3210,
16658,
29918,
23397,
13,
29871,
1095,
13,
13,
29871,
822,
14383,
29918,
10149,
29918,
3198,
29991,
13,
1678,
732,
11014,
29918,
10149,
29918,
3198,
353,
1565,
13,
29871,
1095,
13,
29871,
732,
11014,
29918,
10149,
29918,
3198,
353,
18581,
5690,
29918,
2477,
18736,
29918,
3210,
16658,
29918,
23397,
13,
13,
29871,
822,
14383,
29918,
10149,
29918,
3198,
29973,
13,
1678,
732,
11014,
29918,
10149,
29918,
3198,
13,
29871,
1095,
13,
13,
29871,
12421,
29918,
5943,
272,
584,
5464,
29918,
1639,
4925,
29918,
12011,
13,
29871,
732,
5464,
29918,
1639,
4925,
29918,
12011,
353,
525,
29891,
29915,
13,
13,
29871,
822,
2967,
29918,
3972,
13,
1678,
3497,
29889,
18837,
29918,
2084,
29898,
2283,
29889,
7122,
29898,
2283,
29889,
25721,
22168,
7724,
1649,
511,
376,
636,
5783,
13,
29871,
1095,
13,
13,
29871,
822,
9570,
29918,
5404,
29918,
9465,
13,
1678,
732,
9274,
29918,
5404,
29918,
9465,
3830,
29922,
319,
5652,
12376,
1057,
20442,
2500,
362,
29889,
1482,
13,
29871,
1095,
13,
13,
29871,
822,
9570,
29918,
5404,
29918,
9465,
7607,
1767,
29897,
13,
1678,
732,
9274,
29918,
5404,
29918,
9465,
353,
995,
13,
29871,
1095,
13,
13,
29871,
822,
269,
29941,
29918,
9465,
13,
1678,
732,
29879,
29941,
29918,
9465,
3830,
29922,
319,
5652,
12376,
1057,
29903,
29941,
29889,
1482,
13,
29871,
1095,
13,
13,
29871,
822,
269,
29941,
29918,
9465,
7607,
1767,
29897,
13,
1678
] | 2,722 | 1,024 | Github | -1 | -1 |
Shareholders Of Tata & Bajaj Among Top 20 Richest People In Auto Sector
by Pritish raj
in Automobile, News
Tata Bajaj- Next Big Brand
Recently, Two Indians found their place among the world's 20 richest people in the auto industry.
Pallonji Mistry & Rahul Bajaj who are major shareholders of Tata Motors & Bajaj Auto respectively are among the world's 20 richest people in the auto sector
Here is a look at both the Indians-
Pallonji Mistry
Company: Tata Motors Ltd.
Stake Value: $302,722,710
Percent of Total Net Worth: 1.5%
Total Wealth: $19.7 billion
Segment: Passenger vehicles
An Irish Citizen after 2003 Pallonji Shapoorji Mistry is an Indian billionaire construction tycoon and chairman of Shapoorji Pallonji Group. Mistry, 90, and his family are shareholders in Tata Sons, the holding company behind more than 100 affiliates with $100 billion in annual revenue, according to the Bloomberg Billionaires Index. The group employs 700,000 people in more than 100 countries.
Phantom of The Bombay House-
Source- The Print
In the 1930s, his father Shapoorji Mistry bought the shares in Tata Sons in the 1930s, a stake that currently stands at 18.9% making Mistry the largest individual shareholder in Tata Sons, which is primarily controlled by the charitable Tata Trusts. He is known as the Phantom of Bombay House for the quiet but assured way he commands power around the Mumbai headquarters of the Tata empire.
His Son Cyrus Mistry served as chairman of Tata Sons from November 2011 to October 2016.
Tata Motors Limited, formerly Tata Engineering and Locomotive Company (TELCO), is a multinational Indian car manufacturer headquartered in Mumbai, Maharashtra, India. It's part of the Indian conglomerate, Tata Group. The goods include passenger cars, trucks, vans, coaches, busses, sports cars, military vehicles, and construction equipment
Company No. 1: Bajaj Finance Ltd.
Percent of Total Net Worth: 12.4%
Location: Pune, India
Segment: Auto financing
Company No. 2: Bajaj Auto Ltd.
Stake Value: $1,208,532,867
Total Wealth: $5.2 billion
Segment: Motorbikes and parts
Bajaj, 81, is the chairman of the world's largest maker of three-wheeled motorcycles. He attended Harvard Business School and also owns stakes in an investment company and an insurance firm. His grandfather, Jamnalal Bajaj, an Indian independence fighter and Mahatma Gandhi confidant, founded the group in 1926.
Chairman of Bajaj Auto Ltd.
Source-Outlook India
He stepped down from his role as chairman in 2005 and his son Rajiv became the Group's managing director. On the Forbes 2016 list of World's billionaires, he was ranked #722 with a net worth of $ 2.4 billion. Bajaj is the grandson of Indian independence fighter and philanthropist, Jamnalal Bajaj.
Bajaj Auto is the third largest motorcycle manufacturer in the world and the second-largest producer in India. It is the world's largest manufacturer of three-wheelers.
It's great to see two leaders of the Indian Automobile Industry, Tata & Bajaj finding a place at the global level.
Mercedes-Benz India Sold Over 200 Cars During The Festive Season
Forbes India Rich List Sees Big Gainers Despite Economic Slowdown
Pritish raj
Pritish Raj is a content writer at Next Big Brand. Hailing from the diversified state of Bihar, he is an engineer by education who chooses the way of poetry, photography, and writing to kick off his career. Highly enthusiastic about brands and startups, | -0.354315 | 1.272848 | -0.630674 | -0.680076 | [
-0.3858179695171648,
-0.3228128997832218
] | [
1.2979169076006594,
1.2477793073239871
] | [
-0.7655698560599996,
-0.49577721698474797
] | [
-0.6210983109646042,
-0.739054194065696
] | 1,024 | [
512,
512
] | [
26849,
8948,
414,
4587,
323,
532,
669,
350,
1175,
1175,
17302,
7488,
29871,
29906,
29900,
4385,
342,
11647,
512,
11133,
317,
3019,
13,
1609,
349,
768,
728,
1153,
29926,
13,
262,
15854,
5249,
29892,
10130,
13,
29911,
532,
350,
1175,
1175,
29899,
8084,
7997,
18007,
13,
4789,
2705,
29892,
7803,
17072,
1476,
1009,
2058,
4249,
278,
3186,
29915,
29879,
29871,
29906,
29900,
8261,
342,
2305,
297,
278,
4469,
13661,
29889,
13,
29925,
497,
265,
2397,
341,
6020,
669,
16790,
352,
350,
1175,
1175,
1058,
526,
4655,
6232,
8948,
414,
310,
323,
532,
7142,
943,
669,
350,
1175,
1175,
11133,
8307,
526,
4249,
278,
3186,
29915,
29879,
29871,
29906,
29900,
8261,
342,
2305,
297,
278,
4469,
17535,
13,
10605,
338,
263,
1106,
472,
1716,
278,
17072,
29899,
13,
29925,
497,
265,
2397,
341,
6020,
13,
21410,
29901,
323,
532,
7142,
943,
19806,
29889,
13,
855,
1296,
7865,
29901,
395,
29941,
29900,
29906,
29892,
29955,
29906,
29906,
29892,
29955,
29896,
29900,
13,
27933,
310,
14990,
12670,
399,
2072,
29901,
29871,
29896,
29889,
29945,
29995,
13,
11536,
1334,
4298,
29901,
395,
29896,
29929,
29889,
29955,
24464,
13,
17669,
358,
29901,
6978,
15109,
24413,
13,
2744,
12601,
21353,
19642,
1156,
29871,
29906,
29900,
29900,
29941,
349,
497,
265,
2397,
1383,
481,
16946,
2397,
341,
6020,
338,
385,
7560,
24464,
5218,
7632,
7911,
1111,
265,
322,
28942,
310,
1383,
481,
16946,
2397,
349,
497,
265,
2397,
6431,
29889,
341,
6020,
29892,
29871,
29929,
29900,
29892,
322,
670,
3942,
526,
6232,
8948,
414,
297,
323,
532,
317,
787,
29892,
278,
13587,
5001,
5742,
901,
1135,
29871,
29896,
29900,
29900,
23736,
1078,
411,
395,
29896,
29900,
29900,
24464,
297,
17568,
337,
9947,
29892,
5034,
304,
278,
11447,
290,
2552,
6682,
291,
7147,
11374,
29889,
450,
2318,
3710,
417,
952,
29871,
29955,
29900,
29900,
29892,
29900,
29900,
29900,
2305,
297,
901,
1135,
29871,
29896,
29900,
29900,
10916,
29889,
13,
4819,
15762,
310,
450,
24347,
388,
5619,
29899,
13,
4435,
29899,
450,
13905,
13,
797,
278,
29871,
29896,
29929,
29941,
29900,
29879,
29892,
670,
4783,
1383,
481,
16946,
2397,
341,
6020,
18093,
278,
29358,
297,
323,
532,
317,
787,
297,
278,
29871,
29896,
29929,
29941,
29900,
29879,
29892,
263,
380,
1296,
393,
5279,
15028,
472,
29871,
29896,
29947,
29889,
29929,
29995,
3907,
341,
6020,
278,
10150,
5375,
6232,
7694,
297,
323,
532,
317,
787,
29892,
607,
338,
19434,
20704,
491,
278,
1373,
8270,
323,
532,
20692,
29879,
29889,
940,
338,
2998,
408,
278,
1963,
15762,
310,
24347,
388,
5619,
363,
278,
11813,
541,
28715,
982,
540,
8260,
3081,
2820,
278,
341,
3774,
1794,
26463,
310,
278,
323,
532,
3710,
533,
29889,
13,
29950,
275,
5791,
315,
29646,
341,
6020,
6766,
408,
28942,
310,
323,
532,
317,
787,
515,
3979,
29871,
29906,
29900,
29896,
29896,
304,
5533,
29871,
29906,
29900,
29896,
29953,
29889,
13,
29911,
532,
7142,
943,
28873,
29892,
21510,
323,
532,
22557,
322,
4309,
23045,
573,
6938,
313,
4330,
29931,
3217,
511,
338,
263,
1773,
262,
1288,
7560,
1559,
12012,
9945,
2343,
339,
4254,
287,
297,
341,
3774,
1794,
29892,
10082,
279,
294,
400,
336,
29892,
7513,
29889,
739,
29915,
29879,
760,
310,
278,
7560,
378,
3820,
12392,
403,
29892,
323,
532,
6431,
29889,
450,
22535,
3160,
28507,
18647,
29892,
534,
2707,
29879,
29892,
325,
550,
29892,
11182,
267,
29892,
289,
1558,
267,
29892,
14717,
18647,
29892,
9121,
24413,
29892,
322,
7632,
21083,
13,
21410,
1939,
29889,
29871,
29896,
29901,
350,
1175,
1175,
4231,
749,
19806,
29889,
13,
27933,
310,
14990,
12670,
399,
2072,
29901,
29871,
29896,
29906,
29889,
29946,
29995,
13,
6508,
29901,
349,
1540,
29892,
7513,
13,
17669,
358,
29901,
11133,
11782,
3277,
13,
21410,
1939,
29889,
29871,
29906,
29901,
350,
1175,
1175,
11133,
19806,
29889,
13,
855,
1296,
7865,
29901,
395,
29896,
29892,
29906,
29900,
29947,
29892,
29945,
29941,
29906,
29892,
29947,
29953,
29955,
13,
11536,
1334,
4298,
29901,
395,
29945,
29889,
29906,
24464,
13,
17669,
358,
29901,
7142,
11831,
29379,
322,
5633,
13,
29933,
1175,
1175,
29892,
29871,
29947,
29896,
29892,
338,
278,
28942,
310,
278,
3186,
29915,
29879,
10150,
2136,
261,
310,
2211,
29899,
29893,
354,
29872,
839,
10992,
1270,
7799,
29889,
940,
14283,
22221,
15197,
4523,
322,
884,
1914,
29879,
380,
6926,
297,
385,
13258,
358,
5001,
322,
385,
1663,
18541,
9226,
29889,
3600,
4595,
22212,
29892,
16131,
20809,
284,
350,
1175,
1175,
29892,
385,
7560,
21820,
285,
14643,
322,
10082,
271,
655,
28572,
2918,
1970,
333,
424,
29892,
11091,
278,
2318,
297,
29871,
29896,
29929,
29906,
29953,
29889,
13,
1451,
1466,
1171,
310,
350,
1175,
1175,
11133,
19806,
29889,
13,
4435,
29899,
3744,
6914,
7513,
13,
3868,
28996,
1623,
515,
670,
6297,
408,
28942,
297,
29871,
29906,
29900,
29900,
29945,
322,
670,
1487,
15496,
440,
3897,
278,
6431,
29915,
29879,
767,
6751,
8881,
29889,
1551,
278,
1152,
5707,
29871,
29906,
29900,
29896,
29953,
1051,
310,
2787,
29915,
29879,
24464,
7147,
29892,
540,
471,
26642,
396,
29955,
29906,
29906,
411,
263,
7787,
7088,
310,
395,
29871,
29906,
29889,
29946,
24464,
29889,
350,
1175,
1175,
338,
278,
4595,
1100,
310,
7560,
21820,
285,
14643,
322,
8578,
9716,
1336,
391,
29892,
16131,
20809,
284,
350,
1175,
1175,
29889,
13,
29933,
1175,
1175,
11133,
338,
278,
4654,
10150,
10992,
23090,
12012,
9945,
297,
278,
3186,
322,
278,
1473,
29899,
27489,
342,
14297,
297,
7513,
29889,
739,
338,
278,
3186,
29915,
29879,
10150,
12012,
9945,
310,
2211,
29899,
29893,
10552,
414,
29889,
13,
3112,
29915,
29879,
2107,
304,
1074,
1023,
20251,
310,
278,
7560,
15854,
5249,
12157,
719,
29892,
323,
532,
669,
350,
1175,
1175,
9138,
263,
2058,
472,
278,
5534,
3233,
29889,
13,
15836,
28352,
29899,
29933,
4666,
7513,
19019,
6811,
29871,
29906,
29900,
29900,
315,
1503,
7133,
450,
14615,
573,
24791,
13,
2831,
5707,
7513,
4385,
2391,
922,
267,
7997,
402,
475,
414,
19454,
12884,
293,
317,
677,
3204,
13,
29925,
768,
728,
1153,
29926,
13,
29925,
768,
728,
15496,
338,
263,
2793,
9227,
472,
8084,
7997,
18007,
29889,
379,
737,
292,
515,
278,
6894,
2164,
2106,
310,
3457,
8222,
29892,
540,
338,
385,
22055,
491,
9793,
1058,
3060,
15806,
278,
982,
310,
22309,
29892,
6731,
5275,
29892,
322,
5007,
304,
24817,
1283,
670,
6413,
29889,
5057,
368,
23644,
29875,
6288,
1048,
1506,
4167,
322,
1369,
14340,
29892
] | 2,723 | 0 | CommonCrawl | 15 | 4 |
November Movie Preview
October 31, 2019 ~ Mitchell Kilpatrick ~ Leave a comment
November this year is stacked with highly anticipated movies coming out, and there's a great mix so there's something for everyone. I had a hard time just picking five movies to highlight. A ton of potential awards contenders are being released (The Irishman, Ford v Ferarri, Waves, Honey Boy, Knives Out) as well as some fun action and family adventures (Terminator: Dark Fate, Charlie's Angels, Frozen II). Here are the five movies coming out this month that I'm most excited about.
Harriet (Nov. 1)
Starring: Cynthia Erivo, Leslie Odom Jr., Janelle Monae, Joe Alwyn
Abolitionist Harriet Tubman escapes slavery and returns to lead hundreds of slaves to freedom through the Underground Railroad.
Why I'm excited: It's insane that there hasn't been a movie about Harriet Tubman until now. Stories like hers need to be broadcast more widely, so I'm excited to learn more about her. Cynthia Erivo is phenomenally talented and it's evident that she has taken this role seriously and wants to do Harriet justice.
See this if you liked: 12 Years a Slave, Glory, Amistad
Last Christmas (Nov. 8)
Starring: Emilia Clarke, Henry Golding, Michelle Yeoh, Emma Thompson
An unlucky young woman takes department store during the holidays where she meets a charming mystery man who changes her life.
Why I'm excited: Emilia Clarke spent the last 10 years as Daenerys Targaryan on Game of Thrones, so to make the jump from high fantasy drama to holiday rom com will be quite something. Henry Golding is still riding the high from his breakout performance in last year's Crazy Rich Asians, so he and Clarke together will be some great fun.
See this if you liked: The Holiday, Four Christmases, Love Actually
Frozen II (Nov. 22)
Starring: Idina Menzel, Kristen Bell, Jonathan Groff, Josh Gad, Sterling K. Brown
After the events of the first movie, Elsa, Anna, Kristoff and Olaf must journey to discover the origin of Elsa's magic.
Why I'm excited: The original Frozen took the world by storm when it came out (you're still probably singing "Let It Go"). It was a unique story with fun characters, and the sequel looks like it's focused on expanding the world and answering questions leftover from the first movie. I just hope Jonathan Groff gets to sing a full song this time.
See this if you liked: Frozen, Moana, Brave, Tangled
A Beautiful Day in the Neighborhood (Nov. 22)
Starring: Tom Hanks
A cynical journalist takes an assignment to profile beloved television host Fred Rogers. As the reporter spends time with Rogers, his perspective and reflections on his own life begin to change.
Why I'm excited: Tom Hanks as Mr. Rogers. That's it. What else do you need?
See this if you liked: Sully, Forrest Gump, Won't You Be My Neighbor?
Knives Out (Nov. 27)
Starring: Daniel Craig, Chris Evans, Jamie Lee Curtis, Michael Shannon, Toni Collette, Lakeith Stanfield, Christopher Plummer
A wealthy crime novelist celebrates his 85th birthday with his dysfunctional family. But the day after the party, the patriarch is found dead. Detectives are called to investigate, and everyone is a suspect.
Why I'm excited: This is by far my most anticipated movie for the rest of the year. Pairing Rian Johnson with this ridiculous cast and a murder mystery is a formula for success. It's an original story that's making a lot of waves, which is becoming rare nowadays. The reviews so far are already great, which makes me even more excited. Plus, Chris Evans.
See this if you liked: Star Wars: The Last Jedi, Murder on the Orient Express, Clue, Death on the Nile
All-time Top 10: La La Land
October 24, 201 | 0.526386 | -0.376097 | -0.335677 | -1.3003 | [
0.4414659895980865,
0.6113057427939328
] | [
-0.28813235829442396,
-0.46406161640810384
] | [
-0.38893806379043566,
-0.2824159407242964
] | [
-1.5253183576451301,
-1.0752813012373812
] | 1,024 | [
512,
512
] | [
3979,
7871,
4721,
1493,
13,
25375,
4950,
29871,
29941,
29896,
29892,
29871,
29906,
29900,
29896,
29929,
3695,
26676,
12400,
5031,
9131,
3695,
951,
1351,
263,
3440,
13,
25363,
1096,
445,
1629,
338,
5096,
287,
411,
10712,
23483,
630,
2351,
583,
6421,
714,
29892,
322,
727,
29915,
29879,
263,
2107,
6837,
577,
727,
29915,
29879,
1554,
363,
14332,
29889,
306,
750,
263,
2898,
931,
925,
5839,
292,
5320,
2351,
583,
304,
12141,
29889,
319,
15243,
310,
7037,
24441,
640,
21043,
526,
1641,
5492,
313,
1576,
12601,
1171,
29892,
14601,
325,
7756,
279,
374,
29892,
399,
5989,
29892,
379,
4992,
16231,
29892,
8360,
3145,
4451,
29897,
408,
1532,
408,
777,
2090,
3158,
322,
3942,
17623,
1973,
313,
14343,
262,
1061,
29901,
15317,
383,
403,
29892,
20283,
29915,
29879,
3218,
1379,
29892,
25022,
2256,
1944,
467,
2266,
526,
278,
5320,
2351,
583,
6421,
714,
445,
4098,
393,
306,
29915,
29885,
1556,
24173,
1048,
29889,
13,
21972,
374,
300,
313,
25363,
29889,
29871,
29896,
29897,
13,
855,
23693,
29901,
315,
948,
386,
423,
382,
1150,
29877,
29892,
2664,
3197,
438,
3129,
13843,
1696,
2627,
1808,
2598,
3660,
29892,
11131,
838,
29893,
948,
13,
29909,
2095,
654,
391,
3536,
374,
300,
323,
431,
1171,
3966,
11603,
8370,
1201,
322,
3639,
304,
3275,
21006,
310,
25569,
304,
16082,
1549,
278,
7634,
2057,
9620,
9972,
29889,
13,
11008,
306,
29915,
29885,
24173,
29901,
739,
29915,
29879,
1663,
1662,
393,
727,
22602,
29915,
29873,
1063,
263,
14064,
1048,
3536,
374,
300,
323,
431,
1171,
2745,
1286,
29889,
624,
3842,
763,
7955,
817,
304,
367,
12672,
901,
17644,
29892,
577,
306,
29915,
29885,
24173,
304,
5110,
901,
1048,
902,
29889,
315,
948,
386,
423,
382,
1150,
29877,
338,
27791,
635,
5969,
14927,
322,
372,
29915,
29879,
13602,
393,
1183,
756,
4586,
445,
6297,
25798,
322,
10753,
304,
437,
3536,
374,
300,
15426,
29889,
13,
13393,
445,
565,
366,
23289,
29901,
29871,
29896,
29906,
23857,
263,
317,
18398,
29892,
8467,
706,
29892,
1913,
391,
328,
13,
8897,
17661,
313,
25363,
29889,
29871,
29947,
29897,
13,
855,
23693,
29901,
2812,
11836,
15183,
446,
29892,
6498,
6650,
292,
29892,
3375,
1808,
10134,
1148,
29892,
26422,
22348,
13,
2744,
443,
29880,
14395,
4123,
6114,
4893,
14311,
3787,
2645,
278,
8753,
333,
1036,
988,
1183,
28103,
263,
1373,
4056,
29236,
767,
1058,
3620,
902,
2834,
29889,
13,
11008,
306,
29915,
29885,
24173,
29901,
2812,
11836,
15183,
446,
10398,
278,
1833,
29871,
29896,
29900,
2440,
408,
7266,
264,
708,
29879,
323,
1191,
653,
273,
373,
8448,
310,
498,
1617,
267,
29892,
577,
304,
1207,
278,
12500,
515,
1880,
13568,
8995,
18621,
304,
8753,
22394,
6017,
419,
674,
367,
3755,
1554,
29889,
6498,
6650,
292,
338,
1603,
364,
4821,
278,
1880,
515,
670,
2867,
449,
4180,
297,
1833,
1629,
29915,
29879,
14279,
1537,
4385,
319,
1039,
550,
29892,
577,
540,
322,
15183,
446,
4208,
674,
367,
777,
2107,
2090,
29889,
13,
13393,
445,
565,
366,
23289,
29901,
450,
4168,
22394,
29892,
12458,
2819,
29885,
2129,
29892,
8155,
12823,
13,
29943,
307,
2256,
1944,
313,
25363,
29889,
29871,
29906,
29906,
29897,
13,
855,
23693,
29901,
5163,
1099,
341,
4666,
295,
29892,
17773,
264,
10914,
29892,
20983,
6070,
600,
29892,
22838,
402,
328,
29892,
28588,
1847,
476,
29889,
9817,
13,
13555,
278,
4959,
310,
278,
937,
14064,
29892,
1260,
4977,
29892,
11230,
29892,
17773,
2696,
322,
438,
433,
29888,
1818,
16342,
304,
6523,
278,
3978,
310,
1260,
4977,
29915,
29879,
15709,
29889,
13,
11008,
306,
29915,
29885,
24173,
29901,
450,
2441,
25022,
2256,
3614,
278,
3186,
491,
14280,
746,
372,
2996,
714,
313,
6293,
29915,
276,
1603,
3117,
23623,
376,
12024,
739,
2921,
2564,
739,
471,
263,
5412,
5828,
411,
2090,
4890,
29892,
322,
278,
8617,
295,
3430,
763,
372,
29915,
29879,
21309,
373,
7985,
292,
278,
3186,
322,
22862,
5155,
454,
29888,
517,
369,
515,
278,
937,
14064,
29889,
306,
925,
4966,
20983,
6070,
600,
4947,
304,
1809,
263,
2989,
4823,
445,
931,
29889,
13,
13393,
445,
565,
366,
23289,
29901,
25022,
2256,
29892,
4546,
1648,
29892,
5032,
345,
29892,
27378,
839,
13,
29909,
25685,
8373,
297,
278,
2448,
1141,
4089,
6614,
313,
25363,
29889,
29871,
29906,
29906,
29897,
13,
855,
23693,
29901,
4335,
379,
1331,
13,
29909,
274,
948,
936,
24452,
4893,
385,
12827,
304,
8722,
1339,
8238,
11456,
3495,
12001,
9272,
414,
29889,
1094,
278,
1634,
9555,
805,
1975,
931,
411,
9272,
414,
29892,
670,
18520,
322,
2143,
5942,
373,
670,
1914,
2834,
3380,
304,
1735,
29889,
13,
11008,
306,
29915,
29885,
24173,
29901,
4335,
379,
1331,
408,
3237,
29889,
9272,
414,
29889,
2193,
29915,
29879,
372,
29889,
1724,
1683,
437,
366,
817,
29973,
13,
13393,
445,
565,
366,
23289,
29901,
13358,
368,
29892,
1152,
5060,
402,
3427,
29892,
399,
265,
29915,
29873,
887,
1522,
1619,
2448,
1141,
4089,
29973,
13,
29968,
29876,
3145,
4451,
313,
25363,
29889,
29871,
29906,
29955,
29897,
13,
855,
23693,
29901,
8432,
28050,
29892,
12821,
24056,
29892,
16131,
347,
9371,
25141,
275,
29892,
5765,
1383,
23453,
29892,
323,
5271,
1530,
20200,
29892,
9459,
389,
7813,
2671,
29892,
18888,
1858,
398,
1050,
13,
29909,
17173,
29891,
17268,
9554,
391,
10894,
1078,
670,
29871,
29947,
29945,
386,
12060,
3250,
411,
670,
270,
952,
2220,
284,
3942,
29889,
1205,
278,
2462,
1156,
278,
6263,
29892,
278,
16967,
1279,
338,
1476,
7123,
29889,
5953,
522,
3145,
526,
2000,
304,
23033,
29892,
322,
14332,
338,
263,
12326,
29889,
13,
11008,
306,
29915,
29885,
24173,
29901,
910,
338,
491,
2215,
590,
1556,
23483,
630,
14064,
363,
278,
1791,
310,
278,
1629,
29889,
349,
1466,
292,
390,
713,
11717,
411,
445,
8177,
12906,
681,
4320,
322,
263,
13406,
29236,
338,
263,
7063,
363,
2551,
29889,
739,
29915,
29879,
385,
2441,
5828,
393,
29915,
29879,
3907,
263,
3287,
310,
20037,
29892,
607,
338,
14171,
10812,
1286,
328,
1036,
29889,
450,
21804,
577,
2215,
526,
2307,
2107,
29892,
607,
3732,
592,
1584,
901,
24173,
29889,
15113,
29892,
12821,
24056,
29889,
13,
13393,
445,
565,
366,
23289,
29901,
7828,
9149,
29901,
450,
9208,
435,
15844,
29892,
7487,
672,
373,
278,
29650,
14657,
29892,
2233,
434,
29892,
14450,
373,
278,
405,
488,
13,
3596,
29899,
2230,
7488,
29871,
29896,
29900,
29901,
997,
997,
3172,
13,
25375,
4950,
29871,
29906,
29946,
29892,
29871,
29906,
29900,
29896
] | 2,725 | 0 | CommonCrawl | 2 | 16 |
9 ~ Mitchell Kilpatrick ~ 1 Comment
Here's to the fools who dream…
It took me a long time to fully realize my love of musicals. Sure, I grew up in the Disney Renaissance so most of the earliest movies I saw were musicals, but I didn't really understand their impact as a seven-year-old. As I got older, I saw some other movie musicals, like Hairspray, Rent and the High School Musical trilogy, and even saw Wicked on stage. Again, they were fun, and I liked the songs, but I never fully appreciated them.
It wasn't until I saw the 2012 movie version of Les Misérables that something finally clicked. The way the music told the story, the characters, the emotion, the harmonies and melodies… I was obsessed. Over the next few months, I went down a musical rabbit hole, discovering new shows, new songs, and new performers. While this eventually led to my ultimate obsession with Broadway and stage musicals, movie musicals are just as important to this art form. So in 2016 when La La Land came out and was getting a lot of awards attention, I knew I had to see it.
La La Land (2016), directed by Damien Chazelle, is a story about love, but it is not a love story. La La Land follows Sebastian (Ryan Gosling), a jazz pianist, and Mia (Emma Stone), an aspiring actor, as they try to break into the industry and chase their dreams. As they both feel the push and pull of success, they struggle to maintain their budding relationship.
Both Mia and Sebastian's journeys show the hard decisions that have to be made in order to follow your dreams. Mia wants to be an actress, but she struggles in auditions – not always by her own fault, either. The directors and producers she sees don't always give her their undivided attention or she's interrupted in the middle of her audition. She decides to take a risk and writes a one-woman show that doesn't go as well as she expected. She keeps getting beat down to the point where she doesn't believe she's good enough to succeed. This is something almost everyone can understand – we've all felt unworthy or not good enough to reach our goals. Mia eventually finds success thanks to some supportive nudging from Sebastian and through a producer who saw her one-woman show. Having people who believe in you, even if you don't, can sometimes change your life.
Sebastian, on the other hand, has such lofty goals that they're not possible to achieve in the way he wants. His ultimate dream is to open a new jazz club and somehow "save jazz." But the club he wants isn't for sale and he can't hold a steady job to help him work toward that goal. An opportunity comes along that lands him in a successful band, but they're not playing "his" style of music. Sebastian has to struggle between having financial success and doing what he really wants to do. Like Mia, Sebastian eventually finds success and opens his own club where he can perform the music he loves, but his journey took a few detours in order to get there.
In Mia's final audition song, she sings about "the fools who dream." Both Mia and Sebastian are dreamers, and while they both eventually succeed in reaching their goals, it comes at a cost – be it heartbreak, setbacks or jobs they're not committed to. The "epilogue" shows what their life could have been and the possibility of a happy life together. But ultimately they both found happiness on their own through the mess they made.
La La Land is also a love story to classic Hollywood musicals like Singin' in the Rain, and you can really feel that influence throughout the movie's tone, visuals, and structure. There are plenty of references to classic musicals like Singin' in the Rain and An American in Paris. With a predominately jazz-based score, La La Land even sounds like a classic musical. The epilogue and the planetarium sequences really give the score huge moments to shine.
The music in La La Land is so good at telling Mia and Sebastian's love story. The couple's main theme is first played by Sebastian in the restaurant, and Mia is drawn to it – hinting at a connection neither of them know is there at the time. Mia later hears the theme played at another restaurant when she's at a dinner with her then-boyfriend. She | 1.619387 | -0.196475 | 0.587515 | -0.53127 | [
1.3454517727372683,
1.8933219443367724
] | [
-0.3004429297909283,
-0.09250618578633721
] | [
0.5215724643225169,
0.653456997642499
] | [
-0.7169425467855465,
-0.34559694099244725
] | 1,024 | [
512,
512
] | [
29929,
3695,
26676,
12400,
5031,
9131,
3695,
29871,
29896,
461,
13,
10605,
29915,
29879,
304,
278,
285,
8789,
1058,
12561,
30098,
13,
3112,
3614,
592,
263,
1472,
931,
304,
8072,
16289,
590,
5360,
310,
9636,
29879,
29889,
18585,
29892,
306,
13631,
701,
297,
278,
17944,
27263,
577,
1556,
310,
278,
24577,
2351,
583,
306,
4446,
892,
9636,
29879,
29892,
541,
306,
3282,
29915,
29873,
2289,
2274,
1009,
10879,
408,
263,
9881,
29899,
6360,
29899,
1025,
29889,
1094,
306,
2355,
9642,
29892,
306,
4446,
777,
916,
14064,
9636,
29879,
29892,
763,
379,
1466,
1028,
764,
29892,
390,
296,
322,
278,
5057,
4523,
28554,
534,
309,
6933,
29892,
322,
1584,
4446,
399,
17840,
373,
7408,
29889,
11454,
29892,
896,
892,
2090,
29892,
322,
306,
23289,
278,
12516,
29892,
541,
306,
2360,
8072,
7556,
963,
29889,
13,
3112,
9007,
29915,
29873,
2745,
306,
4446,
278,
29871,
29906,
29900,
29896,
29906,
14064,
1873,
310,
2664,
341,
11728,
4201,
793,
393,
1554,
7146,
11484,
29889,
450,
982,
278,
4696,
5429,
278,
5828,
29892,
278,
4890,
29892,
278,
953,
8194,
29892,
278,
10311,
265,
583,
322,
9232,
397,
583,
30098,
306,
471,
20881,
11517,
29889,
6811,
278,
2446,
2846,
7378,
29892,
306,
3512,
1623,
263,
9636,
27127,
277,
16188,
29892,
6523,
292,
716,
3697,
29892,
716,
12516,
29892,
322,
716,
2189,
414,
29889,
5806,
445,
10201,
5331,
304,
590,
8494,
6490,
704,
7924,
411,
23291,
322,
7408,
9636,
29879,
29892,
14064,
9636,
29879,
526,
925,
408,
4100,
304,
445,
1616,
883,
29889,
1105,
297,
29871,
29906,
29900,
29896,
29953,
746,
997,
997,
3172,
2996,
714,
322,
471,
2805,
263,
3287,
310,
24441,
8570,
29892,
306,
6363,
306,
750,
304,
1074,
372,
29889,
13,
5661,
997,
3172,
313,
29906,
29900,
29896,
29953,
511,
10624,
491,
9865,
819,
678,
834,
1808,
29892,
338,
263,
5828,
1048,
5360,
29892,
541,
372,
338,
451,
263,
5360,
5828,
29889,
997,
997,
3172,
4477,
26631,
313,
29934,
10094,
402,
359,
1847,
511,
263,
21230,
16782,
391,
29892,
322,
341,
423,
313,
6026,
655,
15681,
511,
385,
7051,
8491,
11339,
29892,
408,
896,
1018,
304,
2867,
964,
278,
13661,
322,
521,
559,
1009,
12561,
29879,
29889,
1094,
896,
1716,
4459,
278,
5503,
322,
8206,
310,
2551,
29892,
896,
21117,
304,
7344,
1009,
8619,
8497,
9443,
29889,
13,
29933,
720,
341,
423,
322,
26631,
29915,
29879,
8694,
484,
952,
1510,
278,
2898,
1602,
12112,
393,
505,
304,
367,
1754,
297,
1797,
304,
1101,
596,
12561,
29879,
29889,
341,
423,
10753,
304,
367,
385,
20993,
29892,
541,
1183,
10205,
793,
297,
12990,
2187,
785,
451,
2337,
491,
902,
1914,
12570,
29892,
2845,
29889,
450,
1513,
943,
322,
1391,
22543,
1183,
18553,
1016,
29915,
29873,
2337,
2367,
902,
1009,
563,
440,
2618,
8570,
470,
1183,
29915,
29879,
27803,
297,
278,
7256,
310,
902,
12990,
654,
29889,
2296,
1602,
2247,
304,
2125,
263,
12045,
322,
15873,
263,
697,
29899,
29893,
2480,
1510,
393,
1838,
29915,
29873,
748,
408,
1532,
408,
1183,
3806,
29889,
2296,
14874,
2805,
16646,
1623,
304,
278,
1298,
988,
1183,
1838,
29915,
29873,
4658,
1183,
29915,
29879,
1781,
3307,
304,
9269,
29889,
910,
338,
1554,
4359,
14332,
508,
2274,
785,
591,
29915,
345,
599,
7091,
443,
12554,
29891,
470,
451,
1781,
3307,
304,
6159,
1749,
14433,
29889,
341,
423,
10201,
14061,
2551,
3969,
304,
777,
2304,
573,
302,
566,
3460,
515,
26631,
322,
1549,
263,
14297,
1058,
4446,
902,
697,
29899,
29893,
2480,
1510,
29889,
15950,
2305,
1058,
4658,
297,
366,
29892,
1584,
565,
366,
1016,
29915,
29873,
29892,
508,
6041,
1735,
596,
2834,
29889,
13,
29903,
774,
579,
713,
29892,
373,
278,
916,
1361,
29892,
756,
1316,
658,
3312,
14433,
393,
896,
29915,
276,
451,
1950,
304,
6176,
297,
278,
982,
540,
10753,
29889,
3600,
8494,
6490,
12561,
338,
304,
1722,
263,
716,
21230,
4402,
322,
10431,
376,
7620,
21230,
1213,
1205,
278,
4402,
540,
10753,
3508,
29915,
29873,
363,
14686,
322,
540,
508,
29915,
29873,
4808,
263,
27357,
4982,
304,
1371,
1075,
664,
11183,
393,
7306,
29889,
530,
15130,
5304,
3412,
393,
12625,
1075,
297,
263,
9150,
3719,
29892,
541,
896,
29915,
276,
451,
8743,
376,
22880,
29908,
3114,
310,
4696,
29889,
26631,
756,
304,
21117,
1546,
2534,
18161,
2551,
322,
2599,
825,
540,
2289,
10753,
304,
437,
29889,
8502,
341,
423,
29892,
26631,
10201,
14061,
2551,
322,
13246,
670,
1914,
4402,
988,
540,
508,
2189,
278,
4696,
540,
12355,
267,
29892,
541,
670,
16342,
3614,
263,
2846,
1439,
2470,
297,
1797,
304,
679,
727,
29889,
13,
797,
341,
423,
29915,
29879,
2186,
12990,
654,
4823,
29892,
1183,
269,
886,
1048,
376,
1552,
285,
8789,
1058,
12561,
1213,
9134,
341,
423,
322,
26631,
526,
12561,
414,
29892,
322,
1550,
896,
1716,
10201,
9269,
297,
20888,
1009,
14433,
29892,
372,
5304,
472,
263,
3438,
785,
367,
372,
5192,
8690,
29892,
731,
1627,
29879,
470,
17643,
896,
29915,
276,
451,
19355,
304,
29889,
450,
376,
1022,
26140,
434,
29908,
3697,
825,
1009,
2834,
1033,
505,
1063,
322,
278,
13331,
310,
263,
9796,
2834,
4208,
29889,
1205,
18973,
896,
1716,
1476,
22722,
373,
1009,
1914,
1549,
278,
4473,
896,
1754,
29889,
13,
5661,
997,
3172,
338,
884,
263,
5360,
5828,
304,
22037,
19180,
9636,
29879,
763,
6106,
262,
29915,
297,
278,
21431,
29892,
322,
366,
508,
2289,
4459,
393,
9949,
10106,
278,
14064,
29915,
29879,
16225,
29892,
7604,
29879,
29892,
322,
3829,
29889,
1670,
526,
20947,
310,
9282,
304,
22037,
9636,
29879,
763,
6106,
262,
29915,
297,
278,
21431,
322,
530,
3082,
297,
3681,
29889,
2973,
263,
758,
24130,
2486,
21230,
29899,
6707,
8158,
29892,
997,
997,
3172,
1584,
10083,
763,
263,
22037,
9636,
29889,
450,
9358,
26140,
434,
322,
278,
15754,
22826,
15602,
2289,
2367,
278,
8158,
12176,
19462,
304,
528,
457,
29889,
13,
1576,
4696,
297,
997,
997,
3172,
338,
577,
1781,
472,
14509,
341,
423,
322,
26631,
29915,
29879,
5360,
5828,
29889,
450,
7303,
29915,
29879,
1667,
10929,
338,
937,
5318,
491,
26631,
297,
278,
27144,
29892,
322,
341,
423,
338,
12061,
304,
372,
785,
13182,
292,
472,
263,
3957,
9561,
310,
963,
1073,
338,
727,
472,
278,
931,
29889,
341,
423,
2678,
540,
1503,
278,
10929,
5318,
472,
1790,
27144,
746,
1183,
29915,
29879,
472,
263,
17803,
411,
902,
769,
29899,
19415,
18326,
29889,
2296
] | 2,725 | 1,024 | CommonCrawl | 20 | 25 |
is supposed to be meeting Sebastian, and the music reminds her where she really wants to be. Shout out to the music team for this movie – Benj Pasek and Justin Paul (Dear Evan Hansen, The Greatest Showman), who wrote the lyrics, and Justin Hurwitz (First Man, Whiplash), who did all the composing.
There's an old musical theater saying that says "if you can't say it, you sing it; if you can't sing it, you dance it." It's a beautiful idea that illustrate how music and dancing relate to the characters' emotions. In the "Lovely Night" dance, Mia and Sebastian begin by talking and bantering back and forth. They clearly like each other, but when they can't think of anything else to say, they start singing. And once they can't sing anymore, they break out into dance. By the end of the song, it's obvious they like each other, and their relationship begins to develop.
And a special shout out to Mandy Moore (no, not that Mandy Moore), the choreographer, for all of these incredible dance sequences. Many of the numbers were shot in one take or made with very few cuts. The end of the opening number on the highway is one long take with dozens of performers and stunts. It's mind-blowing to realize all the details and planning that went into just one small part of this movie. The "Lovely Night" dance is also shot in one long six-minute take. These long takes are just another homage to classic Hollywood musicals that highlight the actors' performances.
Speaking of actors, is it even possible for Ryan Gosling and Emma Stone to be unlikable? These two have such great chemistry that they've played love interests in THREE movies – La La Land, Crazy Stupid Love, and Gangster Squad. They play off each other so well in both the funny and serious moments. They spent weeks in rehearsals for the big dance numbers, and Ryan Gosling even learned how to play the piano for this role – that's actually him playing on screen, not someone else.
La La Land is ultimately a story about love and balancing that love with following your dreams. It's an absolutely gorgeous movie (just pay attention to the colors) with some incredible performances and a bittersweet ending. This is the second Damien Chazelle movie (after First Man) to make it into my all-time top 10, so I'm definitely excited to see what he does next.
10 movies to watch in October if you hate horror movies
October is the time for ghosts, ghouls and monsters, ready to jump out and scare the pants off of you. But if you're like me, you don't see the point in purposefully participating in any activity that's going to give you anxiety or keep you up all night scared of what's in your closet.
Luckily, there are plenty of movies that can satisfy the wacky and weird Halloween cravings in your life that won't haunt your dreams. A lot of classic non-scary Halloween movies came out during the late 1980s and early 1990s, possibly in response to the horror heyday of the 1970s and 80s that produced classics like Halloween, Nightmare on Elm Street, and The Texas Chainsaw Massacre. So here are 10 movies you can watch this month to celebrate Halloween if you hate horror movies.
Is there a bigger cult classic than Hocus Pocus? This movie has become more synonymous with Halloween than the Halloween franchise. Bette Midler, Sarah Jessica Parker and Kathy Najimy are indescribable as the Sanderson sisters.
Clue (1985)
Based on the classic board game, Clue goes all-in on the tropes, props and story of a murder mystery in a hysterical fashion. It actually sticks pretty closely to the plot of the board game and is filled with slapstick humor perfect for all ages. The cast is incredible and looks like they had the best time making the movie. Tim Curry and Madeline Kahn steal the show.
Halloweentown (1998)
Every kid that grew up in the 90s knows this Disney Channel Original Movie is one of the greats. Debbie Reynolds is an icon and it introduced | 1.244096 | -0.027148 | -0.205061 | -1.081521 | [
2.079597802680604,
0.4085937793021162
] | [
0.1626583870502977,
-0.21695487218736265
] | [
0.26794836178409004,
-0.6780695406842423
] | [
-0.611708990152629,
-1.551332060327659
] | 1,024 | [
512,
512
] | [
338,
7424,
304,
367,
11781,
26631,
29892,
322,
278,
4696,
1083,
12772,
902,
988,
1183,
2289,
10753,
304,
367,
29889,
1383,
449,
714,
304,
278,
4696,
3815,
363,
445,
14064,
785,
4111,
29926,
349,
559,
29895,
322,
26408,
3739,
313,
29928,
799,
382,
3703,
6971,
264,
29892,
450,
7027,
342,
7704,
1171,
511,
1058,
5456,
278,
26627,
1199,
29892,
322,
26408,
22220,
25709,
313,
6730,
2315,
29892,
806,
29875,
572,
1161,
511,
1058,
1258,
599,
278,
5541,
292,
29889,
13,
8439,
29915,
29879,
385,
2030,
9636,
278,
1008,
5934,
393,
4083,
376,
361,
366,
508,
29915,
29873,
1827,
372,
29892,
366,
1809,
372,
29936,
565,
366,
508,
29915,
29873,
1809,
372,
29892,
366,
17948,
372,
1213,
739,
29915,
29879,
263,
9560,
2969,
393,
28475,
920,
4696,
322,
6025,
3277,
29279,
304,
278,
4890,
29915,
23023,
1080,
29889,
512,
278,
376,
29931,
586,
873,
11554,
29908,
17948,
29892,
341,
423,
322,
26631,
3380,
491,
9963,
322,
9892,
357,
292,
1250,
322,
11483,
29889,
2688,
9436,
763,
1269,
916,
29892,
541,
746,
896,
508,
29915,
29873,
1348,
310,
3099,
1683,
304,
1827,
29892,
896,
1369,
23623,
29889,
1126,
2748,
896,
508,
29915,
29873,
1809,
15128,
29892,
896,
2867,
714,
964,
17948,
29889,
2648,
278,
1095,
310,
278,
4823,
29892,
372,
29915,
29879,
6924,
896,
763,
1269,
916,
29892,
322,
1009,
9443,
16410,
304,
2693,
29889,
13,
2855,
263,
4266,
21272,
714,
304,
341,
13910,
18588,
313,
1217,
29892,
451,
393,
341,
13910,
18588,
511,
278,
521,
487,
1946,
261,
29892,
363,
599,
310,
1438,
29811,
1821,
17948,
15602,
29889,
9267,
310,
278,
3694,
892,
10322,
297,
697,
2125,
470,
1754,
411,
1407,
2846,
5700,
29879,
29889,
450,
1095,
310,
278,
8718,
1353,
373,
278,
29469,
338,
697,
1472,
2125,
411,
437,
29920,
575,
310,
2189,
414,
322,
380,
348,
1372,
29889,
739,
29915,
29879,
3458,
29899,
29890,
677,
292,
304,
16289,
599,
278,
4902,
322,
18987,
393,
3512,
964,
925,
697,
2319,
760,
310,
445,
14064,
29889,
450,
376,
29931,
586,
873,
11554,
29908,
17948,
338,
884,
10322,
297,
697,
1472,
4832,
29899,
1195,
1082,
2125,
29889,
4525,
1472,
4893,
526,
925,
1790,
3632,
482,
304,
22037,
19180,
9636,
29879,
393,
12141,
278,
29701,
29915,
21637,
29889,
13,
10649,
5086,
310,
29701,
29892,
338,
372,
1584,
1950,
363,
20916,
402,
359,
1847,
322,
26422,
15681,
304,
367,
443,
5081,
519,
29973,
4525,
1023,
505,
1316,
2107,
8950,
6020,
393,
896,
29915,
345,
5318,
5360,
20017,
297,
3446,
21661,
2351,
583,
785,
997,
997,
3172,
29892,
14279,
1537,
624,
786,
333,
8155,
29892,
322,
26531,
2475,
18827,
29889,
2688,
1708,
1283,
1269,
916,
577,
1532,
297,
1716,
278,
2090,
1460,
322,
10676,
19462,
29889,
2688,
10398,
11405,
297,
337,
354,
1503,
1338,
363,
278,
4802,
17948,
3694,
29892,
322,
20916,
402,
359,
1847,
1584,
10972,
920,
304,
1708,
278,
11914,
363,
445,
6297,
785,
393,
29915,
29879,
2869,
1075,
8743,
373,
4315,
29892,
451,
4856,
1683,
29889,
13,
5661,
997,
3172,
338,
18973,
263,
5828,
1048,
5360,
322,
6411,
19985,
393,
5360,
411,
1494,
596,
12561,
29879,
29889,
739,
29915,
29879,
385,
13312,
330,
3890,
681,
14064,
313,
5143,
5146,
8570,
304,
278,
11955,
29897,
411,
777,
29811,
1821,
21637,
322,
263,
2586,
2153,
16668,
17140,
29889,
910,
338,
278,
1473,
9865,
819,
678,
834,
1808,
14064,
313,
7045,
3824,
2315,
29897,
304,
1207,
372,
964,
590,
599,
29899,
2230,
2246,
29871,
29896,
29900,
29892,
577,
306,
29915,
29885,
11630,
24173,
304,
1074,
825,
540,
947,
2446,
29889,
13,
29896,
29900,
2351,
583,
304,
6505,
297,
5533,
565,
366,
26277,
23026,
2351,
583,
13,
25375,
4950,
338,
278,
931,
363,
330,
23525,
29892,
330,
10774,
3137,
322,
1601,
23080,
29892,
7960,
304,
12500,
714,
322,
885,
598,
278,
282,
1934,
1283,
310,
366,
29889,
1205,
565,
366,
29915,
276,
763,
592,
29892,
366,
1016,
29915,
29873,
1074,
278,
1298,
297,
6437,
3730,
5221,
1218,
297,
738,
6354,
393,
29915,
29879,
2675,
304,
2367,
366,
14919,
21549,
470,
3013,
366,
701,
599,
4646,
885,
1965,
310,
825,
29915,
29879,
297,
596,
4694,
300,
29889,
13,
29931,
2707,
2354,
29892,
727,
526,
20947,
310,
2351,
583,
393,
508,
15523,
278,
281,
547,
29891,
322,
13543,
6573,
4657,
264,
274,
5705,
886,
297,
596,
2834,
393,
2113,
29915,
29873,
447,
1657,
596,
12561,
29879,
29889,
319,
3287,
310,
22037,
1661,
29899,
1557,
653,
6573,
4657,
264,
2351,
583,
2996,
714,
2645,
278,
5683,
29871,
29896,
29929,
29947,
29900,
29879,
322,
4688,
29871,
29896,
29929,
29929,
29900,
29879,
29892,
10075,
297,
2933,
304,
278,
23026,
540,
2941,
388,
310,
278,
29871,
29896,
29929,
29955,
29900,
29879,
322,
29871,
29947,
29900,
29879,
393,
7371,
770,
1199,
763,
6573,
4657,
264,
29892,
11554,
29885,
598,
373,
1260,
29885,
7103,
29892,
322,
450,
10319,
678,
2708,
1450,
7360,
21160,
29889,
1105,
1244,
526,
29871,
29896,
29900,
2351,
583,
366,
508,
6505,
445,
4098,
304,
10894,
403,
6573,
4657,
264,
565,
366,
26277,
23026,
2351,
583,
29889,
13,
3624,
727,
263,
16600,
4185,
22037,
1135,
379,
5421,
349,
5421,
29973,
910,
14064,
756,
4953,
901,
5222,
11428,
411,
6573,
4657,
264,
1135,
278,
6573,
4657,
264,
23272,
895,
29889,
350,
2353,
13370,
1358,
29892,
19235,
23010,
983,
24239,
322,
19663,
29891,
18913,
326,
29891,
526,
1399,
267,
699,
29890,
519,
408,
278,
8564,
1330,
9883,
29879,
29889,
13,
6821,
434,
313,
29896,
29929,
29947,
29945,
29897,
13,
29933,
1463,
373,
278,
22037,
7613,
3748,
29892,
2233,
434,
5771,
599,
29899,
262,
373,
278,
9201,
267,
29892,
17761,
322,
5828,
310,
263,
13406,
29236,
297,
263,
298,
858,
261,
936,
13460,
29889,
739,
2869,
380,
7358,
5051,
16467,
304,
278,
6492,
310,
278,
7613,
3748,
322,
338,
10423,
411,
269,
6984,
303,
860,
27448,
4922,
363,
599,
24646,
29889,
450,
4320,
338,
29811,
1821,
322,
3430,
763,
896,
750,
278,
1900,
931,
3907,
278,
14064,
29889,
7870,
10837,
719,
322,
4104,
5570,
476,
5422,
1886,
284,
278,
1510,
29889,
13,
29950,
497,
4657,
296,
776,
313,
29896,
29929,
29929,
29947,
29897,
13,
26526,
26397,
393,
13631,
701,
297,
278,
29871,
29929,
29900,
29879,
9906,
445,
17944,
17368,
8533,
7871,
338,
697,
310,
278,
1395,
1446,
29889,
7089,
10993,
28555,
3361,
338,
385,
9849,
322,
372,
9129
] | 2,725 | 2,048 | CommonCrawl | 2 | 16 |
us to the DCOM queen Kimberly J. Brown. It's goofy and definitely geared towards younger kids, but you wanted not scary, right? Bonus: Halloweentown II: Kalabar's Revenge is just as good (don't ask about the others).
This classic has everyone asking "Who you gonna call?" every Halloween. There's plenty of laughs to balance out the weird and the Zuul. It has one of the catchiest theme songs ever written and introduced us to the Stay Puft Marshmallow Man and the concept of intimate ghosts.
Beetlejuice (1988)
Tim Burton shows up three times on this list (get it?). He's the king of quirky dark comedy, and Beetlejuice is his quirkiest of all. When a couple gets some uninvited house guests, they call on Beetlejuice to help get rid of their infestation. Plus it's got an all-star cast with Michael Keaton, Geena Davis, Alec Baldwin, Catherine O'Hara and Winona Ryder.
Little Shop of Horrors (1986)
This movie is wild. A flower shop worker finds a new plant that grows to an enormous size, talk, sing, and cause lots of problems for everyone involved. And it's a musical – written by a pre-Disney Howard Ashman and Alan Menken.
The Rocky Horror Picture Show (1975)
How do you even begin to explain The Rocky Horror Picture Show? It's become one of the greatest cult classics and fans across the world have live performances with the movie each year. It features some truly unique characters (another iconic Tim Curry performance) and incredibly catchy songs.
The first live-action feature film debut of the creepy and kooky family, it's just as wacky as you'd expect. Bad is good, disgusting is beautiful. Anjelica Huston as Morticia is perfection – she was nominated for a Golden Globe for her performance! Christiana Ricci and Christopher Lloyd are also standouts.
Edward Scissorhands (1990)
Is Winona Ryder the Queen of Halloween? She certainly has a strong argument to make with Edward Scissorhands, Beetlejuice and Stranger Things on her resume. Here, she teams up again with the undisputed King of Halloween Tim Burton, along with Burton's muse Johnny Depp, to bring the story of Edward Scissorhands – an unfinished science experiment that winds up in a standard suburban town.
Casper (1995)
Casper the friendly ghost is definitely geared more towards kids and is very much a 90s movie, but it's cute and fun and Casper is adorable. Christina Ricci gives another great performance and adds to her campaign to be the younger Halloween Queen after Winona Ryder.
Bonus: The Nightmare Before Christmas (1993)
Yes, this counts as both a Halloween movie and a Christmas movie. I like to watch this during the first week of November as a way to wrap up Halloween and officially begin the Christmas season. As the story centers around residents of Halloween Town, it feels more Halloween-centric. Tim Burton produced this stop-motion masterpiece and his long-time collaborator Danny Elfman wrote the iconic songs.
How I see so many movies in theaters (aka RIP MoviePass)
There's no doubt that movie theaters are struggling these days. Streaming services like Netflix and Hulu have made it easier than ever to watch new movies from the comfort of your own couch – which normally is something I fully support. Leaving your house to do anything is terrible. Like comedian John Mulaney says, "It's so much easier not to do things than to do them."
But there's still something that can be said for watching movies in a movie theater. Sitting in a dark room with a giant screen, seeing your favorite characters larger than life with the ultimate surround sound can transport you right into the story. It fully immerses you in that world and you forget about everything else for a couple of hours. Plus, there are some movies that are just made to be watched on the big screen.
Recently, theaters have been making a lot of updates to make sure people keep coming to watch movies. Changes | 0.42503 | -0.11668 | -0.766204 | -1.291195 | [
0.34832806042617076,
0.5017317084740319
] | [
0.2414460446279253,
-0.47480538789596216
] | [
-0.7719104586234603,
-0.7604973740092311
] | [
-1.327614217257911,
-1.2547758497468302
] | 1,024 | [
512,
512
] | [
502,
304,
278,
360,
19795,
26624,
12931,
495,
368,
435,
29889,
9817,
29889,
739,
29915,
29879,
748,
974,
29891,
322,
11630,
1737,
1965,
7113,
20023,
413,
4841,
29892,
541,
366,
5131,
451,
885,
653,
29892,
1492,
29973,
8396,
375,
29901,
6573,
4657,
296,
776,
1944,
29901,
9172,
370,
279,
29915,
29879,
830,
854,
479,
338,
925,
408,
1781,
313,
9176,
29915,
29873,
2244,
1048,
278,
4045,
467,
13,
4013,
22037,
756,
14332,
6721,
376,
22110,
366,
330,
11586,
1246,
3026,
1432,
6573,
4657,
264,
29889,
1670,
29915,
29879,
20947,
310,
10569,
29879,
304,
17346,
714,
278,
13543,
322,
278,
13893,
352,
29889,
739,
756,
697,
310,
278,
4380,
12239,
10929,
12516,
3926,
3971,
322,
9129,
502,
304,
278,
624,
388,
12129,
615,
13216,
29885,
9536,
2315,
322,
278,
6964,
310,
938,
6490,
330,
23525,
29889,
13,
3629,
300,
280,
4900,
625,
313,
29896,
29929,
29947,
29947,
29897,
13,
13711,
6640,
880,
3697,
701,
2211,
3064,
373,
445,
1051,
313,
657,
372,
29973,
467,
940,
29915,
29879,
278,
6989,
310,
439,
381,
3459,
6501,
26228,
29892,
322,
1522,
300,
280,
4900,
625,
338,
670,
439,
381,
1984,
342,
310,
599,
29889,
1932,
263,
7303,
4947,
777,
443,
11569,
1573,
3699,
28865,
29892,
896,
1246,
373,
1522,
300,
280,
4900,
625,
304,
1371,
679,
8177,
310,
1009,
3041,
342,
362,
29889,
15113,
372,
29915,
29879,
2355,
385,
599,
29899,
8508,
4320,
411,
5765,
4813,
14114,
29892,
1879,
2386,
15225,
29892,
7801,
29883,
23874,
5080,
29892,
21688,
438,
29915,
29950,
2518,
322,
8892,
2681,
15586,
672,
29889,
13,
29931,
1992,
1383,
459,
310,
6912,
729,
29879,
313,
29896,
29929,
29947,
29953,
29897,
13,
4013,
14064,
338,
8775,
29889,
319,
28149,
18296,
15645,
14061,
263,
716,
8024,
393,
25088,
304,
385,
18886,
681,
2159,
29892,
5193,
29892,
1809,
29892,
322,
4556,
14568,
310,
4828,
363,
14332,
9701,
29889,
1126,
372,
29915,
29879,
263,
9636,
785,
3971,
491,
263,
758,
29899,
4205,
3801,
17430,
12835,
1171,
322,
17102,
7567,
1717,
29889,
13,
1576,
8027,
29891,
6912,
729,
28908,
7704,
313,
29896,
29929,
29955,
29945,
29897,
13,
5328,
437,
366,
1584,
3380,
304,
5649,
450,
8027,
29891,
6912,
729,
28908,
7704,
29973,
739,
29915,
29879,
4953,
697,
310,
278,
14176,
4185,
770,
1199,
322,
24909,
4822,
278,
3186,
505,
5735,
21637,
411,
278,
14064,
1269,
1629,
29889,
739,
5680,
777,
19781,
5412,
4890,
313,
23327,
9849,
293,
7870,
10837,
719,
4180,
29897,
322,
29811,
14981,
4380,
29891,
12516,
29889,
13,
1576,
937,
5735,
29899,
2467,
4682,
2706,
9512,
310,
278,
907,
1022,
29891,
322,
413,
2550,
29891,
3942,
29892,
372,
29915,
29879,
925,
408,
281,
547,
29891,
408,
366,
29915,
29881,
2149,
29889,
9178,
338,
1781,
29892,
766,
29887,
504,
292,
338,
9560,
29889,
530,
15298,
983,
379,
504,
265,
408,
15533,
11477,
338,
639,
20309,
785,
1183,
471,
28442,
363,
263,
16108,
21806,
915,
363,
902,
4180,
29991,
2819,
3857,
13675,
455,
322,
18888,
27054,
526,
884,
2317,
17718,
29889,
13,
3853,
1328,
2522,
790,
272,
3179,
29879,
313,
29896,
29929,
29929,
29900,
29897,
13,
3624,
8892,
2681,
15586,
672,
278,
10470,
310,
6573,
4657,
264,
29973,
2296,
8959,
756,
263,
4549,
2980,
304,
1207,
411,
9300,
2522,
790,
272,
3179,
29879,
29892,
1522,
300,
280,
4900,
625,
322,
3767,
4600,
28706,
373,
902,
620,
2017,
29889,
2266,
29892,
1183,
10907,
701,
1449,
411,
278,
563,
275,
649,
287,
4088,
310,
6573,
4657,
264,
7870,
6640,
880,
29892,
3412,
411,
6640,
880,
29915,
29879,
23200,
20179,
897,
407,
29892,
304,
6963,
278,
5828,
310,
9300,
2522,
790,
272,
3179,
29879,
785,
385,
443,
4951,
3276,
10466,
7639,
393,
8805,
29879,
701,
297,
263,
3918,
1014,
25006,
4726,
29889,
13,
29907,
294,
546,
313,
29896,
29929,
29929,
29945,
29897,
13,
29907,
294,
546,
278,
19780,
330,
3069,
338,
11630,
1737,
1965,
901,
7113,
413,
4841,
322,
338,
1407,
1568,
263,
29871,
29929,
29900,
29879,
14064,
29892,
541,
372,
29915,
29879,
274,
1082,
322,
2090,
322,
6960,
546,
338,
594,
272,
519,
29889,
2819,
1099,
13675,
455,
4076,
1790,
2107,
4180,
322,
12778,
304,
902,
11531,
304,
367,
278,
20023,
6573,
4657,
264,
10470,
1156,
8892,
2681,
15586,
672,
29889,
13,
29933,
265,
375,
29901,
450,
11554,
29885,
598,
10949,
17661,
313,
29896,
29929,
29929,
29941,
29897,
13,
8241,
29892,
445,
18139,
408,
1716,
263,
6573,
4657,
264,
14064,
322,
263,
17661,
14064,
29889,
306,
763,
304,
6505,
445,
2645,
278,
937,
4723,
310,
3979,
408,
263,
982,
304,
12244,
701,
6573,
4657,
264,
322,
22444,
3380,
278,
17661,
4259,
29889,
1094,
278,
5828,
1644,
414,
2820,
24060,
310,
6573,
4657,
264,
8421,
29892,
372,
23880,
901,
6573,
4657,
264,
29899,
1760,
2200,
29889,
7870,
6640,
880,
7371,
445,
5040,
29899,
29885,
8194,
5835,
12343,
346,
322,
670,
1472,
29899,
2230,
11465,
1061,
360,
14763,
1260,
29888,
1171,
5456,
278,
9849,
293,
12516,
29889,
13,
5328,
306,
1074,
577,
1784,
2351,
583,
297,
278,
10412,
313,
8245,
390,
5690,
7871,
7129,
29897,
13,
8439,
29915,
29879,
694,
7404,
393,
14064,
278,
10412,
526,
20042,
1438,
3841,
29889,
13763,
292,
5786,
763,
12670,
20157,
29916,
322,
379,
21528,
505,
1754,
372,
6775,
1135,
3926,
304,
6505,
716,
2351,
583,
515,
278,
13016,
310,
596,
1914,
274,
3222,
785,
607,
12891,
338,
1554,
306,
8072,
2304,
29889,
951,
5555,
596,
3699,
304,
437,
3099,
338,
16403,
29889,
8502,
419,
287,
713,
2259,
21193,
273,
1032,
4083,
29892,
376,
3112,
29915,
29879,
577,
1568,
6775,
451,
304,
437,
2712,
1135,
304,
437,
963,
1213,
13,
6246,
727,
29915,
29879,
1603,
1554,
393,
508,
367,
1497,
363,
21217,
2351,
583,
297,
263,
14064,
278,
1008,
29889,
317,
5367,
297,
263,
6501,
5716,
411,
263,
28396,
4315,
29892,
8790,
596,
25448,
4890,
7200,
1135,
2834,
411,
278,
8494,
6490,
8388,
618,
6047,
508,
8608,
366,
1492,
964,
278,
5828,
29889,
739,
8072,
5198,
414,
267,
366,
297,
393,
3186,
322,
366,
9566,
1048,
4129,
1683,
363,
263,
7303,
310,
6199,
29889,
15113,
29892,
727,
526,
777,
2351,
583,
393,
526,
925,
1754,
304,
367,
20654,
373,
278,
4802,
4315,
29889,
13,
4789,
2705,
29892,
278,
10412,
505,
1063,
3907,
263,
3287,
310,
11217,
304,
1207,
1854,
2305,
3013,
6421,
304,
6505,
2351,
583,
29889,
678,
6916
] | 2,725 | 3,072 | CommonCrawl | 2 | 16 |
that make the price of tickets, popcorn, and snacks worth it. Just going to see one movie can wind up being pretty expensive. Something had to be done to keep theaters competitive with Netflix.
In late 2017, a company called MoviePass rocked the entertainment industry. Billed as "the Netflix of movies," MoviePass would let you see one movie every day for the low cost of $9.95 a month.
One. Movie. A. Day.
For $9.95 a mONTH??
Like, are you kidding??
That's less than an actual movie ticket! MoviePass would immediately pay for itself just by seeing ONE movie. Users would use a MoviePass credit card to pay for the movies (which would charge MoviePass for the price of the ticket). You also had to be less than 100 yards from the theater to "activate" your ticket, so you couldn't pre-order tickets ahead of time.
I subscribed to MoviePass in November 2017 just to see how it worked. At such a low price it couldn't hurt! Initially, I used it to see movies I wouldn't normally pay to see in theaters. One of the first things I did was see as many of the Oscar Best Picture nominees that year. It introduced me to the more artistic side of movies and knowing more about the movies nominated made watching the Oscars much more enjoyable. So for me, MoviePass was a game-changer.
But MoviePass had some glaring issues from the start. Setting the price at $9.95 a month enticed millions of people to use the service, but the price was not high enough to recoup their costs. MoviePass was having to pay the full price of each ticket bought with their credit cards but were charging less than the price of a full ticket for their service. They were hemorrhaging money.
Throughout the first half of 2018, MoviePass changed their pricing structure multiple times, restricted availability for certain movies, and had spotty reliability. The video below does a much better job of explaining what went wrong with MoviePass, so I highly suggest watching it if you're interested.
I stuck with MoviePass through most of the changes, but in July 2018 I decided enough was enough. Luckily, there was another, better option.
In response to MoviePass's initial success, theater chains began working on their own versions of subscription services. AMC, the largest theater chain in the country, launched the AMC A-List the same month I quit MoviePass.
The A-List, which cost $20 a month, was similar to MoviePass, but only allowed members to see up to three movies each week and pre-order tickets online. You also get points for AMC's membership program that you can redeem for $5 off at the concession stand.
Other theater chains announced similar programs, but since almost all the major theaters in Birmingham are AMCs, it was kind of an obvious choice. Using the A-List has been one of the best decisions. Since joining in August 2018, I've seen almost 50 movies in theaters and saved almost $300 by not buying each ticket individually. (AMC, if you'd like to sponsor me for this glowing endorsement, hit me up!)
MoviePass definitely deserves credit for introducing the concept of movie subscription services to the world. It changed the way people see movies, but it just didn't have the right business model to sustain itself. MoviePass shut down indefinitely in September 2019.
So now I get to go see any movie I want ~basically~ for free. I don't go see movies in a theater every weekend, but I absolutely go enough to justify the cost of $20 each month for the A-List. Some months are slower than others – like I only saw two movies in theaters in August, but there are NINE movies being released in November that are on my must-see list.
These subscription programs obviously aren't for everyone. Nearly half of Americans just go to a movie theater once or twice a year. But for crazy people like me, who go multiple times a month, or people who want to see a wider variety of movies, it's definitely worth a shot. There are so many good movies being released each year – all you have to do is get out of your house and go see one (sitting in a | 0.625002 | 0.296956 | 0.227369 | -0.856441 | [
0.2935410432662204,
0.9564639509016203
] | [
0.345302502343889,
0.2486085589531642
] | [
0.1664987207687193,
0.2882382899871642
] | [
-0.7702706372847306,
-0.9426114175564841
] | 1,024 | [
512,
512
] | [
393,
1207,
278,
8666,
310,
16892,
1691,
29892,
1835,
29883,
1398,
29892,
322,
5807,
26514,
7088,
372,
29889,
3387,
2675,
304,
1074,
697,
14064,
508,
8805,
701,
1641,
5051,
19390,
29889,
12538,
750,
304,
367,
2309,
304,
3013,
278,
10412,
5100,
3321,
411,
12670,
20157,
29916,
29889,
13,
797,
5683,
29871,
29906,
29900,
29896,
29955,
29892,
263,
5001,
2000,
7871,
7129,
7679,
287,
278,
22684,
358,
13661,
29889,
20347,
839,
408,
376,
1552,
12670,
20157,
29916,
310,
2351,
583,
1699,
7871,
7129,
723,
1235,
366,
1074,
697,
14064,
1432,
2462,
363,
278,
4482,
3438,
310,
395,
29929,
29889,
29929,
29945,
263,
4098,
29889,
13,
6716,
29889,
7871,
29889,
319,
29889,
8373,
29889,
13,
2831,
395,
29929,
29889,
29929,
29945,
263,
286,
1164,
4690,
8773,
13,
27552,
29892,
526,
366,
413,
2205,
292,
8773,
13,
7058,
29915,
29879,
3109,
1135,
385,
3935,
14064,
23381,
29991,
7871,
7129,
723,
7389,
5146,
363,
3528,
925,
491,
8790,
6732,
29923,
14064,
29889,
23861,
723,
671,
263,
7871,
7129,
16200,
5881,
304,
5146,
363,
278,
2351,
583,
313,
4716,
723,
8323,
7871,
7129,
363,
278,
8666,
310,
278,
23381,
467,
887,
884,
750,
304,
367,
3109,
1135,
29871,
29896,
29900,
29900,
17454,
515,
278,
278,
1008,
304,
376,
11236,
403,
29908,
596,
23381,
29892,
577,
366,
8496,
29915,
29873,
758,
29899,
2098,
16892,
1691,
14432,
310,
931,
29889,
13,
29902,
21696,
2580,
304,
7871,
7129,
297,
3979,
29871,
29906,
29900,
29896,
29955,
925,
304,
1074,
920,
372,
3796,
29889,
2180,
1316,
263,
4482,
8666,
372,
8496,
29915,
29873,
21682,
29991,
17250,
368,
29892,
306,
1304,
372,
304,
1074,
2351,
583,
306,
7656,
29915,
29873,
12891,
5146,
304,
1074,
297,
278,
10412,
29889,
3118,
310,
278,
937,
2712,
306,
1258,
471,
1074,
408,
1784,
310,
278,
19054,
6407,
28908,
2245,
457,
267,
393,
1629,
29889,
739,
9129,
592,
304,
278,
901,
1616,
4695,
2625,
310,
2351,
583,
322,
13797,
901,
1048,
278,
2351,
583,
28442,
1754,
21217,
278,
438,
1557,
1503,
1568,
901,
13389,
519,
29889,
1105,
363,
592,
29892,
7871,
7129,
471,
263,
3748,
29899,
305,
4600,
29889,
13,
6246,
7871,
7129,
750,
777,
3144,
4362,
5626,
515,
278,
1369,
29889,
21605,
278,
8666,
472,
395,
29929,
29889,
29929,
29945,
263,
4098,
875,
7612,
14746,
310,
2305,
304,
671,
278,
2669,
29892,
541,
278,
8666,
471,
451,
1880,
3307,
304,
1162,
1132,
1009,
21544,
29889,
7871,
7129,
471,
2534,
304,
5146,
278,
2989,
8666,
310,
1269,
23381,
18093,
411,
1009,
16200,
15889,
541,
892,
9151,
292,
3109,
1135,
278,
8666,
310,
263,
2989,
23381,
363,
1009,
2669,
29889,
2688,
892,
9736,
272,
19046,
6751,
6909,
29889,
13,
29911,
1092,
820,
449,
278,
937,
4203,
310,
29871,
29906,
29900,
29896,
29947,
29892,
7871,
7129,
3939,
1009,
544,
18499,
3829,
2999,
3064,
29892,
22078,
20847,
3097,
363,
3058,
2351,
583,
29892,
322,
750,
9758,
1017,
12536,
3097,
29889,
450,
4863,
2400,
947,
263,
1568,
2253,
4982,
310,
24232,
825,
3512,
2743,
411,
7871,
7129,
29892,
577,
306,
10712,
4368,
21217,
372,
565,
366,
29915,
276,
8852,
29889,
13,
29902,
10771,
411,
7871,
7129,
1549,
1556,
310,
278,
3620,
29892,
541,
297,
5468,
29871,
29906,
29900,
29896,
29947,
306,
8459,
3307,
471,
3307,
29889,
365,
2707,
2354,
29892,
727,
471,
1790,
29892,
2253,
2984,
29889,
13,
797,
2933,
304,
7871,
7129,
29915,
29879,
2847,
2551,
29892,
278,
1008,
521,
2708,
4689,
1985,
373,
1009,
1914,
6910,
310,
25691,
5786,
29889,
319,
12513,
29892,
278,
10150,
278,
1008,
9704,
297,
278,
4234,
29892,
15241,
278,
319,
12513,
319,
29899,
1293,
278,
1021,
4098,
306,
23283,
7871,
7129,
29889,
13,
1576,
319,
29899,
1293,
29892,
607,
3438,
395,
29906,
29900,
263,
4098,
29892,
471,
2788,
304,
7871,
7129,
29892,
541,
871,
6068,
5144,
304,
1074,
701,
304,
2211,
2351,
583,
1269,
4723,
322,
758,
29899,
2098,
16892,
1691,
7395,
29889,
887,
884,
679,
3291,
363,
319,
12513,
29915,
29879,
28512,
1824,
393,
366,
508,
337,
311,
331,
363,
395,
29945,
1283,
472,
278,
378,
985,
291,
2317,
29889,
13,
16107,
278,
1008,
521,
2708,
9326,
2788,
11104,
29892,
541,
1951,
4359,
599,
278,
4655,
278,
10412,
297,
350,
28836,
526,
319,
12513,
29879,
29892,
372,
471,
2924,
310,
385,
6924,
7348,
29889,
5293,
278,
319,
29899,
1293,
756,
1063,
697,
310,
278,
1900,
1602,
12112,
29889,
4001,
22960,
297,
3111,
29871,
29906,
29900,
29896,
29947,
29892,
306,
29915,
345,
3595,
4359,
29871,
29945,
29900,
2351,
583,
297,
278,
10412,
322,
7160,
4359,
395,
29941,
29900,
29900,
491,
451,
1321,
5414,
1269,
23381,
29689,
29889,
313,
5194,
29907,
29892,
565,
366,
29915,
29881,
763,
304,
21955,
272,
592,
363,
445,
330,
677,
292,
1095,
943,
882,
29892,
7124,
592,
701,
14366,
13,
18749,
7129,
11630,
16964,
1960,
16200,
363,
4547,
3277,
278,
6964,
310,
14064,
25691,
5786,
304,
278,
3186,
29889,
739,
3939,
278,
982,
2305,
1074,
2351,
583,
29892,
541,
372,
925,
3282,
29915,
29873,
505,
278,
1492,
5381,
1904,
304,
15075,
475,
3528,
29889,
7871,
7129,
12522,
1623,
297,
1753,
18639,
297,
3839,
29871,
29906,
29900,
29896,
29929,
29889,
13,
6295,
1286,
306,
679,
304,
748,
1074,
738,
14064,
306,
864,
3695,
6500,
1711,
30022,
363,
3889,
29889,
306,
1016,
29915,
29873,
748,
1074,
2351,
583,
297,
263,
278,
1008,
1432,
4723,
355,
29892,
541,
306,
13312,
748,
3307,
304,
26922,
278,
3438,
310,
395,
29906,
29900,
1269,
4098,
363,
278,
319,
29899,
1293,
29889,
3834,
7378,
526,
20312,
1135,
4045,
785,
763,
306,
871,
4446,
1023,
2351,
583,
297,
278,
10412,
297,
3111,
29892,
541,
727,
526,
405,
8895,
2351,
583,
1641,
5492,
297,
3979,
393,
526,
373,
590,
1818,
29899,
4149,
1051,
29889,
13,
1349,
968,
25691,
11104,
12879,
9455,
29915,
29873,
363,
14332,
29889,
26206,
368,
4203,
310,
23035,
925,
748,
304,
263,
14064,
278,
1008,
2748,
470,
8951,
263,
1629,
29889,
1205,
363,
12220,
1537,
2305,
763,
592,
29892,
1058,
748,
2999,
3064,
263,
4098,
29892,
470,
2305,
1058,
864,
304,
1074,
263,
25734,
12875,
310,
2351,
583,
29892,
372,
29915,
29879,
11630,
7088,
263,
10322,
29889,
1670,
526,
577,
1784,
1781,
2351,
583,
1641,
5492,
1269,
1629,
785,
599,
366,
505,
304,
437,
338,
679,
714,
310,
596,
3699,
322,
748,
1074,
697,
313,
29879,
5367,
297,
263
] | 2,725 | 4,096 | CommonCrawl | 2 | 16 |
different dark room that's not your own)!
All-time Top 10: Kingsman: The Secret Service
October 3, 2019 ~ Mitchell Kilpatrick ~ 1 Comment
"This ain't that kind of movie, bruv"
Kingsman: The Secret Service was one of those movies that just came out of nowhere but hit me just right. Now, it's on my list of movies I can endlessly rewatch and fall in love with over and over again.
Kingsman was released in February 2014. I had seen a couple of the trailers and thought it looked pretty cool, but I was never that interested in spy movies. This wasn't a Marvel or Star Wars movie that I already had an emotional connection to.
But, Kingsman just happened to come out the same weekend as Fifty Shades of Grey – a movie that I was very much against (which is a story for another time) and did not want to do well at the box office. So I brilliantly thought that going to see this new Kingsman movie would be a contribution against Fifty Shades. Kingsman ultimately came in second place to Fifty Shades in its opening weekend, but it immediately jumped to number one in my heart.
I had no idea what I was getting into with this movie, but holy cow did I love everything about it. Like I said, I've never been big on spy movies – James Bond, Jason Bourne and Mission: Impossible have never really appealed to me that much. Kingsman, though, is a spy movie turned up to 11. More action, more blood, more cursing, more British.
Kingsman follows Gary "Eggsy" Unwin, a poor kid from London, as he discovers the world of a secret spy agency. Eggsy is recruited by agent Harry Hart to replace a recently fallen spy. Eggsy has to compete against other recruits to become the next Kingsman. Meanwhile, the agents work to stop Richmond Valentine, a tech billionaire who is intent on killing millions of people across the globe in order to protect the earth and its environment. Valentine describes humanity as a virus, and believes global warming is the earth's "fever" in response. He concocts a scheme to give everyone in the world a free SIM card that offers free internet forever – no more carrier charges or phone bills ever again. Naturally, the world sprints (no pun intended) to pick up these SIM cards, but little do they know that Valentine has the ability to control them through the cards and make them unnaturally violent.
At its heart, Kingsman is one of those odd couple kind of movies. Eggsy and Harry discuss this idea in an early scene, name-dropping My Fair Lady and Pretty Woman. Eggsy learns that becoming a Kinsman is not about fitting a specific mold, but learning to better himself and bring the skills he has into this new world. At every test, Eggsy is able to find success not because he's doing what he's told, but because he's using his own talents in new ways. Sure, he learns some Kingsman tricks along the way, but he becomes more confident in his own skills throughout the movie.
Taron Egerton is the breakout star of this movie. He's instantly likable and endearing as Eggsy and watching him enter this strange world is delightful. The supporting cast of Kingsman is ridiculous. Colin Firth as Harry Hart, Mark Strong as the Kingsman version of Bond's Q, Merlin, and Jack Davenport (from Pirates of the Caribbean) as an unlucky agent are inspired casting as stereotypical posh Brits.
Then there's Samuel L. Jackson as Valentine, who probably had more fun in this role than he's had in a long time and really steals the show. Jackson gives Valentine a lisp, which is a little off-putting when you first hear it, but becomes menacing when it counts. Sofia Boutella is Valentine's delightfully strange henchman Gazelle, and Michael Caine and a wild Mark Hamill cameo round out the main cast.
The action in this movie is really what sets it apart from others of the genre. It's simultaneously beautiful and brutal. The crowning set piece is the church fight. Shot to feel like one continuous take, it's a wild ride from start to finish and every time I watch it, I see something new that is | 0.968791 | 0.081409 | -0.601348 | -0.904892 | [
0.4168118318761088,
1.5207702276491095
] | [
-0.357966872965503,
0.5207841033122415
] | [
-0.9697372586034333,
-0.2329592407293031
] | [
-1.4784936928165784,
-0.3312894045170564
] | 1,024 | [
512,
512
] | [
1422,
6501,
5716,
393,
29915,
29879,
451,
596,
1914,
20198,
13,
3596,
29899,
2230,
7488,
29871,
29896,
29900,
29901,
21701,
1171,
29901,
450,
10213,
6692,
13,
25375,
4950,
29871,
29941,
29892,
29871,
29906,
29900,
29896,
29929,
3695,
26676,
12400,
5031,
9131,
3695,
29871,
29896,
461,
13,
29908,
4013,
7216,
29915,
29873,
393,
2924,
310,
14064,
29892,
19702,
29894,
29908,
13,
29968,
886,
1171,
29901,
450,
10213,
6692,
471,
697,
310,
1906,
2351,
583,
393,
925,
2996,
714,
310,
1286,
4150,
541,
7124,
592,
925,
1492,
29889,
2567,
29892,
372,
29915,
29879,
373,
590,
1051,
310,
2351,
583,
306,
508,
1095,
23769,
337,
12344,
322,
6416,
297,
5360,
411,
975,
322,
975,
1449,
29889,
13,
29968,
886,
1171,
471,
5492,
297,
6339,
29871,
29906,
29900,
29896,
29946,
29889,
306,
750,
3595,
263,
7303,
310,
278,
1020,
22058,
322,
2714,
372,
5148,
5051,
12528,
29892,
541,
306,
471,
2360,
393,
8852,
297,
805,
29891,
2351,
583,
29889,
910,
9007,
29915,
29873,
263,
25791,
470,
7828,
9149,
14064,
393,
306,
2307,
750,
385,
23023,
1848,
3957,
304,
29889,
13,
6246,
29892,
21701,
1171,
925,
9559,
304,
2041,
714,
278,
1021,
4723,
355,
408,
29008,
1017,
1383,
3076,
310,
25529,
785,
263,
14064,
393,
306,
471,
1407,
1568,
2750,
313,
4716,
338,
263,
5828,
363,
1790,
931,
29897,
322,
1258,
451,
864,
304,
437,
1532,
472,
278,
3800,
8034,
29889,
1105,
306,
1506,
12840,
10835,
2714,
393,
2675,
304,
1074,
445,
716,
21701,
1171,
14064,
723,
367,
263,
11896,
2750,
29008,
1017,
1383,
3076,
29889,
21701,
1171,
18973,
2996,
297,
1473,
2058,
304,
29008,
1017,
1383,
3076,
297,
967,
8718,
4723,
355,
29892,
541,
372,
7389,
12500,
287,
304,
1353,
697,
297,
590,
5192,
29889,
13,
29902,
750,
694,
2969,
825,
306,
471,
2805,
964,
411,
445,
14064,
29892,
541,
26630,
21282,
1258,
306,
5360,
4129,
1048,
372,
29889,
8502,
306,
1497,
29892,
306,
29915,
345,
2360,
1063,
4802,
373,
805,
29891,
2351,
583,
785,
5011,
26370,
29892,
21776,
12340,
484,
322,
18971,
29901,
1954,
27338,
505,
2360,
2289,
5929,
7943,
304,
592,
393,
1568,
29889,
21701,
1171,
29892,
2466,
29892,
338,
263,
805,
29891,
14064,
6077,
701,
304,
29871,
29896,
29896,
29889,
5853,
3158,
29892,
901,
10416,
29892,
901,
18580,
292,
29892,
901,
4908,
29889,
13,
29968,
886,
1171,
4477,
23529,
376,
29923,
1505,
29879,
29891,
29908,
853,
5080,
29892,
263,
6460,
26397,
515,
4517,
29892,
408,
540,
17021,
874,
278,
3186,
310,
263,
7035,
805,
29891,
946,
3819,
29889,
382,
1505,
29879,
29891,
338,
1162,
582,
1573,
491,
10823,
10686,
12321,
304,
5191,
263,
10325,
19225,
805,
29891,
29889,
382,
1505,
29879,
29891,
756,
304,
752,
2650,
2750,
916,
1162,
21211,
304,
4953,
278,
2446,
21701,
1171,
29889,
25065,
29892,
278,
19518,
664,
304,
5040,
28662,
26411,
457,
29892,
263,
734,
305,
24464,
5218,
1058,
338,
7609,
373,
23393,
14746,
310,
2305,
4822,
278,
15482,
915,
297,
1797,
304,
12566,
278,
8437,
322,
967,
5177,
29889,
26411,
457,
16612,
5199,
537,
408,
263,
24424,
29892,
322,
1339,
17180,
5534,
1370,
4056,
338,
278,
8437,
29915,
29879,
376,
29888,
1310,
29908,
297,
2933,
29889,
940,
378,
1111,
312,
29879,
263,
11380,
304,
2367,
14332,
297,
278,
3186,
263,
3889,
317,
7833,
5881,
393,
16688,
3889,
8986,
22296,
785,
694,
901,
1559,
4336,
21090,
470,
9008,
289,
6090,
3926,
1449,
29889,
8746,
635,
29892,
278,
3186,
269,
2158,
29879,
313,
1217,
6035,
9146,
29897,
304,
5839,
701,
1438,
317,
7833,
15889,
29892,
541,
2217,
437,
896,
1073,
393,
26411,
457,
756,
278,
11509,
304,
2761,
963,
1549,
278,
15889,
322,
1207,
963,
443,
29876,
1337,
635,
24252,
29889,
13,
4178,
967,
5192,
29892,
21701,
1171,
338,
697,
310,
1906,
7736,
7303,
2924,
310,
2351,
583,
29889,
382,
1505,
29879,
29891,
322,
10686,
5353,
445,
2969,
297,
385,
4688,
9088,
29892,
1024,
29899,
26419,
3262,
1619,
13822,
10040,
322,
4721,
4349,
22712,
29889,
382,
1505,
29879,
29891,
24298,
1983,
393,
14171,
263,
476,
1144,
1171,
338,
451,
1048,
28221,
263,
2702,
286,
1025,
29892,
541,
6509,
304,
2253,
3654,
322,
6963,
278,
25078,
540,
756,
964,
445,
716,
3186,
29889,
2180,
1432,
1243,
29892,
382,
1505,
29879,
29891,
338,
2221,
304,
1284,
2551,
451,
1363,
540,
29915,
29879,
2599,
825,
540,
29915,
29879,
5429,
29892,
541,
1363,
540,
29915,
29879,
773,
670,
1914,
5969,
1237,
297,
716,
5837,
29889,
18585,
29892,
540,
24298,
1983,
777,
21701,
1171,
534,
7358,
3412,
278,
982,
29892,
541,
540,
7415,
901,
24332,
297,
670,
1914,
25078,
10106,
278,
14064,
29889,
13,
29911,
5022,
14304,
28634,
338,
278,
2867,
449,
5810,
310,
445,
14064,
29889,
940,
29915,
29879,
26232,
4188,
519,
322,
19981,
4362,
408,
382,
1505,
29879,
29891,
322,
21217,
1075,
3896,
445,
8515,
3186,
338,
15319,
1319,
29889,
450,
20382,
4320,
310,
21701,
1171,
338,
8177,
12906,
681,
29889,
1530,
262,
383,
7515,
408,
10686,
12321,
29892,
4485,
3767,
549,
408,
278,
21701,
1171,
1873,
310,
26370,
29915,
29879,
660,
29892,
4702,
1915,
29892,
322,
5457,
360,
3496,
637,
313,
3166,
16937,
1078,
310,
278,
1704,
747,
14471,
29897,
408,
385,
443,
29880,
14395,
10823,
526,
20603,
23013,
408,
269,
12358,
327,
1478,
936,
926,
29882,
3230,
29879,
29889,
13,
11760,
727,
29915,
29879,
15316,
365,
29889,
11886,
408,
26411,
457,
29892,
1058,
3117,
750,
901,
2090,
297,
445,
6297,
1135,
540,
29915,
29879,
750,
297,
263,
1472,
931,
322,
2289,
1886,
1338,
278,
1510,
29889,
11886,
4076,
26411,
457,
263,
301,
11936,
29892,
607,
338,
263,
2217,
1283,
29899,
649,
1259,
746,
366,
937,
8293,
372,
29892,
541,
7415,
1757,
9390,
746,
372,
18139,
29889,
21541,
423,
350,
449,
3547,
338,
26411,
457,
29915,
29879,
15319,
3730,
8515,
19061,
305,
1171,
15853,
1808,
29892,
322,
5765,
9243,
457,
322,
263,
8775,
4485,
7904,
453,
2996,
29877,
4513,
714,
278,
1667,
4320,
29889,
13,
1576,
3158,
297,
445,
14064,
338,
2289,
825,
6166,
372,
12435,
515,
4045,
310,
278,
16151,
29889,
739,
29915,
29879,
21699,
9560,
322,
26644,
284,
29889,
450,
11660,
1076,
731,
8424,
338,
278,
6586,
8589,
29889,
1383,
327,
304,
4459,
763,
697,
9126,
2125,
29892,
372,
29915,
29879,
263,
8775,
22203,
515,
1369,
304,
8341,
322,
1432,
931,
306,
6505,
372,
29892,
306,
1074,
1554,
716,
393,
338
] | 2,725 | 5,120 | CommonCrawl | 2 | 16 |
package it.unibz.krdb.obda.owlrefplatform.owlapi3;
import it.unibz.krdb.obda.io.ModelIOManager;
import it.unibz.krdb.obda.model.OBDADataFactory;
import it.unibz.krdb.obda.model.OBDAModel;
import it.unibz.krdb.obda.model.impl.OBDADataFactoryImpl;
import it.unibz.krdb.obda.model.impl.OBDAVocabulary;
import it.unibz.krdb.obda.owlapi3.QuestOWLIndividualAxiomIterator;
import java.io.BufferedWriter;
import java.io.File;
import java.io.FileOutputStream;
import java.io.OutputStream;
import java.io.OutputStreamWriter;
import java.io.Writer;
import java.net.URI;
import org.semanticweb.owlapi.model.OWLClassAssertionAxiom;
import org.semanticweb.owlapi.model.OWLDataPropertyAssertionAxiom;
import org.semanticweb.owlapi.model.OWLIndividualAxiom;
import org.semanticweb.owlapi.model.OWLLiteral;
import org.semanticweb.owlapi.model.OWLObjectPropertyAssertionAxiom;
/***
* This is a first version of an NTriple materializer. Its incomplete and will
* have problems with special characters. This will be fixed with the official
* release.
*
* @author mariano
*
*/
public class OWLAPI3ToFileMaterializer {
static OBDADataFactory ofac = OBDADataFactoryImpl.getInstance();
public static int materialize(File outputFile, URI inputFile) throws Exception {
File input = new File(inputFile);
return materialize(outputFile, input);
}
public static int materialize(File outputFile, File inputFile) throws Exception {
OBDAModel newModel = ofac.getOBDAModel();
ModelIOManager io = new ModelIOManager(newModel);
io.load(inputFile);
return materializeN3(outputFile, newModel);
}
public static int materializeN3(File outputFile, OBDAModel model) throws Exception {
return materializeN3(new FileOutputStream(outputFile), model);
}
public static int materializeN3(OutputStream outputStream, OBDAModel model) throws Exception {
return materializeN3(new BufferedWriter(new OutputStreamWriter(outputStream, "UTF-8")), model);
}
public static int materializeN3(Writer bf, OBDAModel model) throws Exception {
return materializeN3(bf, (new OWLAPI3Materializer(model, false)).getIterator());
}
public static int materializeN3(Writer bf, QuestOWLIndividualAxiomIterator iterator) throws Exception {
String rdftype = OBDAVocabulary.RDF_TYPE;
int count = 0;
while (iterator.hasNext()) {
OWLIndividualAxiom axiom = iterator.next();
if (axiom instanceof OWLClassAssertionAxiom) {
OWLClassAssertionAxiom ax = (OWLClassAssertionAxiom) axiom;
bf.append("<");
bf.append(((OWLClassAssertionAxiom) axiom).getIndividual().asOWLNamedIndividual().getIRI().toString());
bf.append("> <");
bf.append(rdftype);
bf.append("> <");
bf.append(ax.getClassExpression().asOWLClass().getIRI().toString());
bf.append(">");
} else if (axiom instanceof OWLObjectPropertyAssertionAxiom) {
OWLObjectPropertyAssertionAxiom ax = (OWLObjectPropertyAssertion | -1.207623 | -0.954694 | -0.340749 | 1.018822 | [
-1.1528362097564708,
-1.2624102440763716
] | [
-0.8794874472719585,
-1.029900248101975
] | [
-0.363575653536593,
-0.31792331507967614
] | [
1.0864573916807656,
0.9511861377316155
] | 1,024 | [
512,
512
] | [
3577,
372,
29889,
348,
747,
29920,
29889,
12748,
2585,
29889,
711,
1388,
29889,
340,
29880,
999,
12120,
29889,
340,
433,
1631,
29941,
29936,
13,
13,
13,
13,
5215,
372,
29889,
348,
747,
29920,
29889,
12748,
2585,
29889,
711,
1388,
29889,
601,
29889,
3195,
5971,
3260,
29936,
13,
5215,
372,
29889,
348,
747,
29920,
29889,
12748,
2585,
29889,
711,
1388,
29889,
4299,
29889,
14824,
7698,
1469,
5126,
29936,
13,
5215,
372,
29889,
348,
747,
29920,
29889,
12748,
2585,
29889,
711,
1388,
29889,
4299,
29889,
14824,
7698,
3195,
29936,
13,
5215,
372,
29889,
348,
747,
29920,
29889,
12748,
2585,
29889,
711,
1388,
29889,
4299,
29889,
13699,
29889,
14824,
7698,
1469,
5126,
6647,
29936,
13,
5215,
372,
29889,
348,
747,
29920,
29889,
12748,
2585,
29889,
711,
1388,
29889,
4299,
29889,
13699,
29889,
14824,
29928,
7520,
542,
370,
352,
653,
29936,
13,
5215,
372,
29889,
348,
747,
29920,
29889,
12748,
2585,
29889,
711,
1388,
29889,
340,
433,
1631,
29941,
29889,
2182,
342,
9806,
29931,
2568,
23352,
29909,
5389,
290,
20277,
29936,
13,
13,
5215,
2115,
29889,
601,
29889,
7701,
287,
10507,
29936,
13,
5215,
2115,
29889,
601,
29889,
2283,
29936,
13,
5215,
2115,
29889,
601,
29889,
2283,
16764,
29936,
13,
5215,
2115,
29889,
601,
29889,
16764,
29936,
13,
5215,
2115,
29889,
601,
29889,
16764,
10507,
29936,
13,
5215,
2115,
29889,
601,
29889,
10507,
29936,
13,
5215,
2115,
29889,
1212,
29889,
15551,
29936,
13,
13,
5215,
1638,
29889,
12846,
7716,
2676,
29889,
340,
433,
1631,
29889,
4299,
29889,
9806,
29931,
2385,
14697,
291,
29909,
5389,
290,
29936,
13,
5215,
1638,
29889,
12846,
7716,
2676,
29889,
340,
433,
1631,
29889,
4299,
29889,
9806,
29931,
1469,
4854,
14697,
291,
29909,
5389,
290,
29936,
13,
5215,
1638,
29889,
12846,
7716,
2676,
29889,
340,
433,
1631,
29889,
4299,
29889,
9806,
29931,
2568,
23352,
29909,
5389,
290,
29936,
13,
5215,
1638,
29889,
12846,
7716,
2676,
29889,
340,
433,
1631,
29889,
4299,
29889,
9806,
2208,
1524,
284,
29936,
13,
5215,
1638,
29889,
12846,
7716,
2676,
29889,
340,
433,
1631,
29889,
4299,
29889,
9806,
29931,
2061,
4854,
14697,
291,
29909,
5389,
290,
29936,
13,
13,
7918,
29930,
13,
334,
910,
338,
263,
937,
1873,
310,
385,
405,
29565,
552,
5518,
3950,
29889,
8011,
28907,
322,
674,
13,
334,
505,
4828,
411,
4266,
4890,
29889,
910,
674,
367,
4343,
411,
278,
6221,
13,
334,
6507,
29889,
13,
334,
29871,
13,
334,
732,
8921,
1766,
3328,
13,
334,
29871,
13,
3776,
13,
3597,
770,
438,
29956,
4375,
2227,
29941,
1762,
2283,
24095,
3950,
426,
13,
13,
12,
7959,
438,
29933,
7698,
1469,
5126,
310,
562,
353,
438,
29933,
7698,
1469,
5126,
6647,
29889,
20958,
890,
13,
13,
12,
3597,
2294,
938,
5518,
675,
29898,
2283,
1962,
2283,
29892,
23539,
1881,
2283,
29897,
8026,
8960,
426,
13,
12,
12,
2283,
1881,
353,
716,
3497,
29898,
2080,
2283,
416,
13,
12,
12,
2457,
5518,
675,
29898,
4905,
2283,
29892,
1881,
416,
13,
12,
29913,
13,
13,
12,
3597,
2294,
938,
5518,
675,
29898,
2283,
1962,
2283,
29892,
3497,
1881,
2283,
29897,
8026,
8960,
426,
13,
12,
12,
14824,
7698,
3195,
716,
3195,
353,
310,
562,
29889,
657,
14824,
7698,
3195,
890,
13,
12,
12,
3195,
5971,
3260,
12013,
353,
716,
8125,
5971,
3260,
29898,
1482,
3195,
416,
13,
12,
12,
601,
29889,
1359,
29898,
2080,
2283,
416,
13,
12,
12,
2457,
5518,
675,
29940,
29941,
29898,
4905,
2283,
29892,
716,
3195,
416,
13,
12,
29913,
13,
12,
3597,
2294,
938,
5518,
675,
29940,
29941,
29898,
2283,
1962,
2283,
29892,
438,
29933,
7698,
3195,
1904,
29897,
8026,
8960,
426,
13,
12,
12,
2457,
5518,
675,
29940,
29941,
29898,
1482,
3497,
16764,
29898,
4905,
2283,
511,
1904,
416,
13,
12,
29913,
13,
12,
13,
12,
3597,
2294,
938,
5518,
675,
29940,
29941,
29898,
16764,
1962,
3835,
29892,
438,
29933,
7698,
3195,
1904,
29897,
8026,
8960,
426,
13,
12,
12,
2457,
5518,
675,
29940,
29941,
29898,
1482,
22217,
10507,
29898,
1482,
10604,
3835,
10507,
29898,
4905,
3835,
29892,
376,
10496,
29899,
29947,
1159,
511,
1904,
416,
13,
12,
29913,
13,
13,
12,
3597,
2294,
938,
5518,
675,
29940,
29941,
29898,
10507,
289,
29888,
29892,
438,
29933,
7698,
3195,
1904,
29897,
8026,
8960,
426,
13,
12,
12,
2457,
5518,
675,
29940,
29941,
29898,
1635,
29892,
313,
1482,
438,
29956,
4375,
2227,
29941,
24095,
3950,
29898,
4299,
29892,
2089,
8106,
657,
20277,
3310,
13,
12,
29913,
13,
12,
13,
12,
3597,
2294,
938,
5518,
675,
29940,
29941,
29898,
10507,
289,
29888,
29892,
751,
342,
9806,
29931,
2568,
23352,
29909,
5389,
290,
20277,
20380,
29897,
8026,
8960,
426,
13,
13,
12,
12,
1231,
364,
29881,
615,
668,
353,
438,
29121,
7520,
542,
370,
352,
653,
29889,
29934,
4037,
29918,
11116,
29936,
13,
12,
12,
524,
2302,
353,
29871,
29900,
29936,
13,
12,
12,
8000,
313,
17609,
29889,
5349,
9190,
3101,
426,
13,
12,
12,
12,
9806,
29931,
2568,
23352,
29909,
5389,
290,
4853,
14910,
353,
20380,
29889,
4622,
890,
13,
12,
12,
12,
361,
313,
1165,
14910,
28919,
438,
29956,
29931,
2385,
14697,
291,
29909,
5389,
290,
29897,
426,
13,
12,
12,
12,
12,
9806,
29931,
2385,
14697,
291,
29909,
5389,
290,
4853,
353,
313,
9806,
29931,
2385,
14697,
291,
29909,
5389,
290,
29897,
4853,
14910,
29936,
13,
12,
12,
12,
12,
1635,
29889,
4397,
28945,
1496,
13,
12,
12,
12,
12,
1635,
29889,
4397,
3552,
29898,
9806,
29931,
2385,
14697,
291,
29909,
5389,
290,
29897,
4853,
14910,
467,
657,
2568,
23352,
2141,
294,
9806,
29931,
22175,
2568,
23352,
2141,
657,
29902,
3960,
2141,
7711,
3310,
13,
12,
12,
12,
12,
1635,
29889,
4397,
703,
29958,
529,
1496,
13,
12,
12,
12,
12,
1635,
29889,
4397,
29898,
5499,
615,
668,
416,
13,
12,
12,
12,
12,
1635,
29889,
4397,
703,
29958,
529,
1496,
13,
12,
12,
12,
12,
1635,
29889,
4397,
29898,
1165,
29889,
657,
2385,
10960,
2141,
294,
9806,
29931,
2385,
2141,
657,
29902,
3960,
2141,
7711,
3310,
13,
12,
12,
12,
12,
1635,
29889,
4397,
703,
29958,
1496,
13,
12,
12,
12,
29913,
1683,
565,
313,
1165,
14910,
28919,
438,
29956,
29931,
2061,
4854,
14697,
291,
29909,
5389,
290,
29897,
426,
13,
12,
12,
12,
12,
9806,
29931,
2061,
4854,
14697,
291,
29909,
5389,
290,
4853,
353,
313,
9806,
29931,
2061,
4854,
14697,
291
] | 2,727 | 0 | Github | -1 | -1 |
Q: How to submit form and have data stay in input field? Using AJAX and nodejs I am trying to create a user settings page where a user inputs his/her information, clicks "save", then the page saves the data without clearing the inputted fields or reloading the page. The best example I can think of is the user account settings page on Udemy.
A LOT of the similar questions I've looked at are using php or renders data in a div below the form. I want the data to remain IN the form inputs. I'm using nodejs, express, bodyparser.
<form id="updateAccSettings" action="/account" method="POST">
<div class="form-group">
<label for="address">Address* </label>
<input class="form-control" type="text" name="address" placeholder="Address" required/>
</div>
<div class="form-group">
<label for="address2">Address 2 </label>
<input class="form-control" type="text" name="address2" placeholder=""/>
</div>
<div class="form-group">
<label for="city">City* </label>
<input class="form-control" type="text" name="city" placeholder="City" />
</div>
<div class="form-group">
<input type="submit" name="save" class="btn btn-lg btn-primary btn-block" value="Save"/>
</div>
</form>
I've tried this with AJAX
$(document).ready(function() {
$("#updateAccSettings").on("submit", function(e){
e.preventDefault();
var details = $("#updateAccSettings").serialize();
$.post("/account", details, function(data){
$("#updateAccSettings").html(data);
});
});
});
and this
$(document).ready(function () {
$("#updateAccSettings").bind("submit", function(e){
e.preventDefault();
$.ajax({
type: "POST",
url: "/account",
data: $("#updateAccSettings").serialize(),
success: function(){
alert("You've successfully updated your account settings.")
}
});
});
});
And I have this for my app.js
app.post("/account", function(req, res) {
var address = req.body.address;
var address2 = req.body.address2;
var city = req.body.city;
var updateAccount = {address: address, address2: address2, city: city};
account.push(updateAccount);
console.log("Updated data");
res.redirect("/settings/account");
});
When I clicked save, I get a Cannot read property of 'push' undefined. I tried deleting the var address, var address2, etc and keeping only the console.log which logs whenever I click save but doesn't keep the data in the input. I tried adding onsubmit="return false" as an attribute on the form tag but the console.log doesn't run when I click save so I assume it's not doing anything with the data.
Not sure how to proceed from here. All my other forms use modals or render results in another page.
A: You're getting the error because you're trying to push onto an undefined variable. Namely in the last section when posted this app.post:
app.post("/account", function(req, res) {
var address = req.body.address;
var address2 = req.body.address2;
var city = req.body.city;
var updateAccount = {address: address, address2: address2, city: city};
account.push(updateAccount); // error is being thrown here
console.log("Updated data");
res.redirect("/settings/account");
});
A: Once you have a dummy variable for account, you can send back to the frontend a json response to be read in the form success handler.
Example code: (I haven't tested it)
Backend:
app.post("/account", function(req, res) {
var account = [];
var address = req.body.address;
var address2 = req.body.address2;
var city = req.body.city;
var updateAccount = { address, | -1.544563 | -1.534858 | -0.405424 | -0.96326 | [
-1.3007611560883368,
-1.7883656088118955
] | [
-1.1588255059562746,
-1.9108895101063568
] | [
0.09041149000719122,
-0.9012587509180581
] | [
-0.572891668181043,
-1.35362791994044
] | 1,024 | [
512,
512
] | [
660,
29901,
1128,
304,
9752,
883,
322,
505,
848,
7952,
297,
1881,
1746,
29973,
5293,
18891,
322,
2943,
1315,
306,
626,
1811,
304,
1653,
263,
1404,
6055,
1813,
988,
263,
1404,
10970,
670,
29914,
2276,
2472,
29892,
19367,
376,
7620,
613,
769,
278,
1813,
27401,
278,
848,
1728,
2821,
292,
278,
1881,
9446,
4235,
470,
337,
13234,
278,
1813,
29889,
450,
1900,
1342,
306,
508,
1348,
310,
338,
278,
1404,
3633,
6055,
1813,
373,
501,
311,
1357,
29889,
29871,
13,
29909,
365,
2891,
310,
278,
2788,
5155,
306,
29915,
345,
5148,
472,
526,
773,
3989,
470,
7697,
414,
848,
297,
263,
1933,
2400,
278,
883,
29889,
306,
864,
278,
848,
304,
3933,
2672,
278,
883,
10970,
29889,
306,
29915,
29885,
773,
2943,
1315,
29892,
4653,
29892,
3573,
16680,
29889,
29871,
13,
29966,
689,
1178,
543,
5504,
7504,
9585,
29908,
3158,
13802,
10149,
29908,
1158,
543,
5438,
1013,
4706,
13,
1678,
529,
4563,
770,
543,
689,
29899,
2972,
1013,
13,
308,
529,
1643,
363,
543,
7328,
1013,
7061,
29930,
1533,
1643,
29958,
13,
308,
529,
2080,
770,
543,
689,
29899,
6451,
29908,
1134,
543,
726,
29908,
1024,
543,
7328,
29908,
12983,
543,
7061,
29908,
3734,
3779,
13,
1678,
1533,
4563,
29958,
29871,
13,
13,
1678,
529,
4563,
770,
543,
689,
29899,
2972,
1013,
13,
308,
529,
1643,
363,
543,
7328,
29906,
1013,
7061,
29871,
29906,
1533,
1643,
29958,
13,
308,
529,
2080,
770,
543,
689,
29899,
6451,
29908,
1134,
543,
726,
29908,
1024,
543,
7328,
29906,
29908,
12983,
543,
4681,
13,
1678,
1533,
4563,
29958,
29871,
13,
13,
1678,
529,
4563,
770,
543,
689,
29899,
2972,
1013,
13,
308,
529,
1643,
363,
543,
12690,
1013,
16885,
29930,
1533,
1643,
29958,
13,
308,
529,
2080,
770,
543,
689,
29899,
6451,
29908,
1134,
543,
726,
29908,
1024,
543,
12690,
29908,
12983,
543,
16885,
29908,
2900,
13,
1678,
1533,
4563,
29958,
29871,
13,
13,
1678,
529,
4563,
770,
543,
689,
29899,
2972,
1013,
13,
308,
529,
2080,
1134,
543,
7892,
29908,
1024,
543,
7620,
29908,
770,
543,
7290,
9503,
29899,
19920,
9503,
29899,
16072,
9503,
29899,
1271,
29908,
995,
543,
11371,
4681,
13,
1678,
1533,
4563,
29958,
13,
829,
689,
29958,
29871,
13,
13,
29902,
29915,
345,
1898,
445,
411,
18891,
13,
12330,
3225,
467,
2040,
29898,
2220,
580,
426,
13,
1678,
8585,
5504,
7504,
9585,
2564,
265,
703,
7892,
613,
740,
29898,
29872,
2597,
13,
4706,
321,
29889,
22489,
890,
13,
4706,
722,
4902,
353,
8585,
5504,
7504,
9585,
2564,
643,
6646,
890,
13,
4706,
8184,
2490,
11974,
10149,
613,
4902,
29892,
740,
29898,
1272,
2597,
13,
9651,
8585,
5504,
7504,
9585,
2564,
1420,
29898,
1272,
416,
13,
4706,
2604,
13,
1678,
2604,
13,
3680,
13,
13,
392,
445,
13,
12330,
3225,
467,
2040,
29898,
2220,
3861,
426,
13,
1678,
8585,
5504,
7504,
9585,
2564,
5355,
703,
7892,
613,
740,
29898,
29872,
2597,
13,
4706,
321,
29889,
22489,
890,
13,
4706,
8184,
6538,
3319,
13,
9651,
1134,
29901,
376,
5438,
613,
13,
9651,
3142,
29901,
5591,
10149,
613,
13,
9651,
848,
29901,
8585,
5504,
7504,
9585,
2564,
643,
6646,
3285,
13,
9651,
2551,
29901,
740,
4923,
13,
18884,
6655,
703,
3492,
29915,
345,
8472,
4784,
596,
3633,
6055,
23157,
13,
9651,
500,
13,
4706,
2604,
13,
1678,
2604,
13,
3680,
13,
13,
2855,
306,
505,
445,
363,
590,
623,
29889,
1315,
13,
932,
29889,
2490,
11974,
10149,
613,
740,
29898,
7971,
29892,
620,
29897,
426,
13,
1678,
722,
3211,
353,
12428,
29889,
2587,
29889,
7328,
29936,
13,
1678,
722,
3211,
29906,
353,
12428,
29889,
2587,
29889,
7328,
29906,
29936,
13,
1678,
722,
4272,
353,
12428,
29889,
2587,
29889,
12690,
29936,
13,
1678,
722,
2767,
10601,
353,
426,
7328,
29901,
3211,
29892,
3211,
29906,
29901,
3211,
29906,
29892,
4272,
29901,
4272,
3400,
13,
1678,
3633,
29889,
5910,
29898,
5504,
10601,
416,
13,
1678,
2991,
29889,
1188,
703,
29248,
848,
1496,
13,
1678,
620,
29889,
17886,
11974,
11027,
29914,
10149,
1496,
13,
3680,
13,
13,
10401,
306,
11484,
4078,
29892,
306,
679,
263,
15808,
1303,
2875,
310,
525,
5910,
29915,
7580,
29889,
306,
1898,
21228,
278,
722,
3211,
29892,
722,
3211,
29906,
29892,
2992,
322,
12515,
871,
278,
2991,
29889,
1188,
607,
10748,
10940,
306,
2828,
4078,
541,
1838,
29915,
29873,
3013,
278,
848,
297,
278,
1881,
29889,
306,
1898,
4417,
373,
7892,
543,
2457,
2089,
29908,
408,
385,
5352,
373,
278,
883,
4055,
541,
278,
2991,
29889,
1188,
1838,
29915,
29873,
1065,
746,
306,
2828,
4078,
577,
306,
5251,
372,
29915,
29879,
451,
2599,
3099,
411,
278,
848,
29889,
29871,
13,
3664,
1854,
920,
304,
8469,
515,
1244,
29889,
2178,
590,
916,
7190,
671,
878,
1338,
470,
4050,
2582,
297,
1790,
1813,
29889,
13,
13,
29909,
29901,
887,
29915,
276,
2805,
278,
1059,
1363,
366,
29915,
276,
1811,
304,
5503,
11480,
385,
7580,
2286,
29889,
13041,
873,
297,
278,
1833,
4004,
746,
8059,
445,
623,
29889,
2490,
29901,
13,
932,
29889,
2490,
11974,
10149,
613,
740,
29898,
7971,
29892,
620,
29897,
426,
13,
1678,
722,
3211,
353,
12428,
29889,
2587,
29889,
7328,
29936,
13,
1678,
722,
3211,
29906,
353,
12428,
29889,
2587,
29889,
7328,
29906,
29936,
13,
1678,
722,
4272,
353,
12428,
29889,
2587,
29889,
12690,
29936,
13,
1678,
722,
2767,
10601,
353,
426,
7328,
29901,
3211,
29892,
3211,
29906,
29901,
3211,
29906,
29892,
4272,
29901,
4272,
3400,
13,
1678,
3633,
29889,
5910,
29898,
5504,
10601,
416,
849,
1059,
338,
1641,
12005,
1244,
13,
1678,
2991,
29889,
1188,
703,
29248,
848,
1496,
13,
1678,
620,
29889,
17886,
11974,
11027,
29914,
10149,
1496,
13,
3680,
13,
13,
13,
29909,
29901,
9038,
366,
505,
263,
20254,
2286,
363,
3633,
29892,
366,
508,
3638,
1250,
304,
278,
4565,
355,
263,
4390,
2933,
304,
367,
1303,
297,
278,
883,
2551,
7834,
29889,
13,
14023,
775,
29901,
313,
29902,
7359,
29915,
29873,
9528,
372,
29897,
13,
5841,
355,
29901,
13,
932,
29889,
2490,
11974,
10149,
613,
740,
29898,
7971,
29892,
620,
29897,
426,
13,
1678,
722,
3633,
353,
13769,
13,
1678,
722,
3211,
353,
12428,
29889,
2587,
29889,
7328,
29936,
13,
1678,
722,
3211,
29906,
353,
12428,
29889,
2587,
29889,
7328,
29906,
29936,
13,
1678,
722,
4272,
353,
12428,
29889,
2587,
29889,
12690,
29936,
13,
1678,
722,
2767,
10601,
353,
426,
3211,
29892
] | 2,733 | 0 | StackExchange | -1 | -1 |
Good to see someone addressing the societal reason for Brexit rather than turning the whole thing into a Brexiteer v Remainer stereotype fight.
you can ask for the odds on certain multiple event scenarios happening?
1) Town remaining unbeaten at home for the remainder of the season.
2) Town winning all their remaining home fixtures.
I dislike the expression "must-win game" because it's overused and therefore rendered almost meaningless.
Today however, has the potential to be enormous.
A loss today, and not much changes for the club, we can continue on with our mental preparations for next year in a different league.
A win however will give the club, the team and us fans a huge lift. Putting a small spanner in the Budgie's fight for a top two finish is nothing compared to the lift it could give us in our own right.
All the best to all Town fans at Carrot Road today - you really can lift the team. Hell, we're only playing Nodge - but somehow we've made them something special in the back of our minds. They are Norwich City. They play in yellow. They have a stupid song. They've never won anything and they're only a Championship side.
Thread Vive la révolution! Vive les Gilets Jaunes!
Having lived in Spain for close to 20 years I've seen Spanish politicians practise the fine art of boring the electorate into submission first hand.
Politically, the most exciting thing which has happened in Spanish politics since the failed coup attempt in 1981 (History fans watch here: ), is probably 15M (May 15 2011) and the rise of "Los Indignados".
Normal Spaniards actually started getting interested in politics. Now though, all that passion has been beaten out of everyone (by a 2 year long process of trying to elect a new government) and now the politicians are just left to do as they please while the weary population gets on with trying to live a little.
And perhaps we've reached that saturation point in Britain too.
I LOLed as I heard Teresa May say last night that she's going to press on and deliver Brexit for the people. It's nonsense. There'll be no Norway model. No Brexit. Nothing.
The Government's hardest task was always going to be getting over the fact that not delivering Brexit would look a bit well, you know, undemocratic.
It's clear to me that the plan for a while has been for the Government to tap into this demand for democracy. But not the democracy connected to delivering Brexit, no, what's needed is street-level democracy, one that comes from the people and is not tarred by duplicitous politicians, the sort of Democracy that is British, one that builds empires and has tea and scones. Yes the people of Britain (even Brexiteers) are going to beg Mrs May to stop and put the country out of its misery. The poor thing is going go against her democratic instincts and have another referendum to reverse the decision made in 2016. She'll play the part well, and most will respect her principles if not her ability as a PM.
So it'll be 1:1, so let's have a third?
Nope, that won't happen. The next referendum has to be decisive, we're talking nearly 2/3rds majority - to make it "much more democratic" than the original democratic election.
So, we're in for the long haul. Expect all manner of lovely pro-European stories in the press in the coming months to bring it on.
Like every Thursday, it's been a busy teaching day for me. It ended with one of my students asking me what's going on today in the British Parliament. I got home and looked at the BBC website but there's not much concise.
Would be grateful for a summary.
Have they all resigned for the same reason, and what reason is that?
Will there be more resignations?
I will be grateful for official narrative answers as well as personal feelings from all political viewpoints.
Thread This place is a little fractious of late.
So why has the story "Police launch investigation into anti-Semitism in the Labour Party" gone round the whole world? why would anyone want to start a fake news story like this?
"Is there anything Israel | 0.198349 | -0.526286 | -0.520783 | -0.604433 | [
0.3346313061361832,
0.062065895765429833
] | [
-0.6198463029820493,
-0.43272561623518374
] | [
-0.5663956780352912,
-0.4751702586535008
] | [
-0.9582196391660015,
-0.250646926201217
] | 1,024 | [
512,
512
] | [
7197,
304,
1074,
4856,
3211,
292,
278,
5374,
26310,
2769,
363,
5826,
29916,
277,
3265,
1135,
14712,
278,
3353,
2655,
964,
263,
5826,
29916,
568,
261,
325,
5240,
4008,
269,
12358,
327,
668,
8589,
29889,
13,
6293,
508,
2244,
363,
278,
7736,
29879,
373,
3058,
2999,
1741,
21846,
10464,
29973,
13,
29896,
29897,
8421,
9886,
443,
915,
2579,
472,
3271,
363,
278,
21162,
310,
278,
4259,
29889,
13,
29906,
29897,
8421,
15613,
599,
1009,
9886,
3271,
5713,
486,
1973,
29889,
13,
29902,
766,
4561,
278,
4603,
376,
21969,
29899,
5080,
3748,
29908,
1363,
372,
29915,
29879,
975,
3880,
322,
5480,
13751,
4359,
6593,
2222,
29889,
13,
29911,
397,
388,
3138,
29892,
756,
278,
7037,
304,
367,
18886,
681,
29889,
13,
29909,
6410,
9826,
29892,
322,
451,
1568,
3620,
363,
278,
4402,
29892,
591,
508,
6773,
373,
411,
1749,
19119,
10223,
800,
363,
2446,
1629,
297,
263,
1422,
13225,
29889,
13,
29909,
5401,
3138,
674,
2367,
278,
4402,
29892,
278,
3815,
322,
502,
24909,
263,
12176,
13777,
29889,
12065,
1259,
263,
2319,
805,
7310,
297,
278,
7038,
12053,
29915,
29879,
8589,
363,
263,
2246,
1023,
8341,
338,
3078,
9401,
304,
278,
13777,
372,
1033,
2367,
502,
297,
1749,
1914,
1492,
29889,
13,
3596,
278,
1900,
304,
599,
8421,
24909,
472,
1704,
5450,
9321,
9826,
448,
366,
2289,
508,
13777,
278,
3815,
29889,
19339,
29892,
591,
29915,
276,
871,
8743,
405,
17979,
448,
541,
10431,
591,
29915,
345,
1754,
963,
1554,
4266,
297,
278,
1250,
310,
1749,
27656,
29889,
2688,
526,
4186,
16416,
4412,
29889,
2688,
1708,
297,
13328,
29889,
2688,
505,
263,
20239,
4823,
29889,
2688,
29915,
345,
2360,
2113,
3099,
322,
896,
29915,
276,
871,
263,
8972,
2625,
29889,
13,
4899,
478,
573,
425,
1841,
4068,
29991,
478,
573,
966,
402,
488,
1372,
14021,
7844,
29991,
13,
29950,
5555,
10600,
297,
13616,
363,
3802,
304,
29871,
29906,
29900,
2440,
306,
29915,
345,
3595,
10432,
2832,
14722,
4120,
895,
278,
2691,
1616,
310,
289,
8253,
278,
3546,
272,
403,
964,
29240,
937,
1361,
29889,
13,
7713,
277,
1711,
29892,
278,
1556,
5566,
11407,
2655,
607,
756,
9559,
297,
10432,
22661,
1951,
278,
5229,
17103,
4218,
297,
29871,
29896,
29929,
29947,
29896,
313,
20570,
24909,
6505,
1244,
29901,
10353,
338,
3117,
29871,
29896,
29945,
29924,
313,
12703,
29871,
29896,
29945,
29871,
29906,
29900,
29896,
29896,
29897,
322,
278,
14451,
310,
376,
29286,
1894,
647,
2255,
1642,
13,
19077,
1706,
3270,
3163,
2869,
4687,
2805,
8852,
297,
22661,
29889,
2567,
2466,
29892,
599,
393,
15935,
756,
1063,
367,
2579,
714,
310,
14332,
313,
1609,
263,
29871,
29906,
1629,
1472,
1889,
310,
1811,
304,
3546,
263,
716,
5874,
29897,
322,
1286,
278,
2832,
14722,
526,
925,
2175,
304,
437,
408,
896,
3113,
1550,
278,
591,
653,
4665,
4947,
373,
411,
1811,
304,
5735,
263,
2217,
29889,
13,
2855,
6060,
591,
29915,
345,
7450,
393,
269,
1337,
362,
1298,
297,
14933,
2086,
29889,
13,
29902,
365,
5607,
287,
408,
306,
6091,
5061,
8625,
2610,
1827,
1833,
4646,
393,
1183,
29915,
29879,
2675,
304,
3965,
373,
322,
12021,
5826,
29916,
277,
363,
278,
2305,
29889,
739,
29915,
29879,
302,
787,
1947,
29889,
1670,
29915,
645,
367,
694,
27440,
1904,
29889,
1939,
5826,
29916,
277,
29889,
9531,
29889,
13,
1576,
10354,
29915,
29879,
2898,
342,
3414,
471,
2337,
2675,
304,
367,
2805,
975,
278,
2114,
393,
451,
12021,
292,
5826,
29916,
277,
723,
1106,
263,
2586,
1532,
29892,
366,
1073,
29892,
563,
331,
8415,
2454,
29889,
13,
3112,
29915,
29879,
2821,
304,
592,
393,
278,
3814,
363,
263,
1550,
756,
1063,
363,
278,
10354,
304,
18751,
964,
445,
9667,
363,
1261,
25804,
29889,
1205,
451,
278,
1261,
25804,
6631,
304,
12021,
292,
5826,
29916,
277,
29892,
694,
29892,
825,
29915,
29879,
4312,
338,
11952,
29899,
5563,
1261,
25804,
29892,
697,
393,
5304,
515,
278,
2305,
322,
338,
451,
9913,
1127,
491,
5141,
4019,
681,
2832,
14722,
29892,
278,
2656,
310,
4432,
25804,
393,
338,
4908,
29892,
697,
393,
23315,
3710,
2658,
322,
756,
23429,
322,
269,
535,
267,
29889,
3869,
278,
2305,
310,
14933,
313,
11884,
5826,
29916,
568,
414,
29897,
526,
2675,
304,
1812,
6285,
2610,
304,
5040,
322,
1925,
278,
4234,
714,
310,
967,
3984,
708,
29889,
450,
6460,
2655,
338,
2675,
748,
2750,
902,
1261,
8415,
2454,
26508,
29879,
322,
505,
1790,
2737,
29670,
304,
11837,
278,
10608,
1754,
297,
29871,
29906,
29900,
29896,
29953,
29889,
2296,
29915,
645,
1708,
278,
760,
1532,
29892,
322,
1556,
674,
3390,
902,
18671,
565,
451,
902,
11509,
408,
263,
11278,
29889,
13,
6295,
372,
29915,
645,
367,
29871,
29896,
29901,
29896,
29892,
577,
1235,
29915,
29879,
505,
263,
4654,
29973,
13,
29940,
2300,
29892,
393,
2113,
29915,
29873,
3799,
29889,
450,
2446,
2737,
29670,
756,
304,
367,
22442,
573,
29892,
591,
29915,
276,
9963,
8886,
29871,
29906,
29914,
29941,
5499,
29879,
13638,
448,
304,
1207,
372,
376,
29885,
987,
901,
1261,
8415,
2454,
29908,
1135,
278,
2441,
1261,
8415,
2454,
8271,
29889,
13,
6295,
29892,
591,
29915,
276,
297,
363,
278,
1472,
447,
352,
29889,
1222,
1103,
599,
8214,
310,
12355,
873,
410,
29899,
15654,
273,
15874,
297,
278,
3965,
297,
278,
6421,
7378,
304,
6963,
372,
373,
29889,
13,
27552,
1432,
498,
1295,
3250,
29892,
372,
29915,
29879,
1063,
263,
19587,
18819,
2462,
363,
592,
29889,
739,
9698,
411,
697,
310,
590,
8041,
6721,
592,
825,
29915,
29879,
2675,
373,
9826,
297,
278,
4908,
13212,
29889,
306,
2355,
3271,
322,
5148,
472,
278,
14129,
4700,
541,
727,
29915,
29879,
451,
1568,
3022,
895,
29889,
13,
29956,
483,
367,
28656,
363,
263,
15837,
29889,
13,
25559,
896,
599,
620,
12961,
363,
278,
1021,
2769,
29892,
322,
825,
2769,
338,
393,
29973,
13,
12984,
727,
367,
901,
620,
647,
800,
29973,
13,
29902,
674,
367,
28656,
363,
6221,
15474,
1230,
6089,
408,
1532,
408,
7333,
21737,
515,
599,
8604,
1776,
9748,
29889,
13,
4899,
910,
2058,
338,
263,
2217,
285,
1461,
2738,
310,
5683,
29889,
13,
6295,
2020,
756,
278,
5828,
376,
7713,
625,
6826,
22522,
964,
9418,
29899,
29903,
21976,
1608,
297,
278,
29453,
9173,
29908,
7695,
4513,
278,
3353,
3186,
29973,
2020,
723,
5019,
864,
304,
1369,
263,
25713,
9763,
5828,
763,
445,
29973,
13,
29908,
3624,
727,
3099,
11996
] | 2,735 | 0 | C4 | 4 | 1 |
<?php
require_once __DIR__.'/vendor/autoload.php';
use Silex\Application;
use Silex\Provider\TwigServiceProvider;
use Silex\Provider\UrlGeneratorServiceProvider;
use Silex\Provider\SessionServiceProvider;
use Symfony\Component\HttpFoundation\Request;
use Illuminate\Filesystem\Filesystem;
use Mni\FrontYAML\Parser;
use Michelf\MarkdownExtra;
$app = new Application();
$app['debug'] = false;
$app['contentDir'] = __DIR__ . '/app/content';
$app['config'] = array(
'template' => 'default',
'title' => 'Simple Wiki',
);
$app['users'] = array(
'admin' => '$2y$10$7KQSYuRdW.T6Ls92lW7GAeq/zkbEYYm9RJ5HzK50Cl9EsZVDszaJ2', # admin:admin
);
$app->register(new TwigServiceProvider(), array(
'twig.path' => __DIR__.'/app/views',
'twig.options' => array(
'strict_variables' => false,
)
));
$app->register(new SessionServiceProvider());
$app->register(new UrlGeneratorServiceProvider());
$app->register(new RedirectServiceProvider());
$app->register(new FlashServiceProvider());
$app['filesystem'] = $app->share(function() {
return new Filesystem;
});
$app['parser'] = $app->share(function() {
return new Parser();
});
$app['findFile'] = $app->protect(function($page) use ($app) {
$files = $app['filesystem']->glob($app['contentDir'] . '/' . $page . '.*');
if (!$files) {
return false;
}
return $files[0];
});
$app['render'] = $app->protect(function($file) use ($app) {
$raw = $app['filesystem']->get($file);
$document = $app['parser']->parse($raw, false);
$config = $app['config'];
if (is_array($document->getYAML())) {
$config = array_merge($config, $document->getYAML());
}
if ($app['session']->has('user')) {
$config = array_merge($config, $app['session']->get('user'));
$config['markdown'] = $raw;
}
$config['content'] = MarkdownExtra::defaultTransform($document->getContent());
return $app['twig']->render($config['template'] . '.twig', $config);
});
$app->get('/login', function() use ($app) {
return $app['twig']->render('login.twig');
})->bind('login');
$app->post('/login', function(Request $request) use ($app) {
$username = $request->get('username');
$password = $request->get('password');
if (isset($app['users'][$username]) && password_verify($password, $app['users'][$username])) {
$app['session']->set('user', array(
'username' => $username,
'logged_in' => true,
));
return $app['redirect.route']('page', array('page' => 'index'));
} else {
$app['flash']->error('Invalid username/password');
return $app['redirect.route']('login');
}
});
$app->get('/logout', function() use ($app) {
$app['session']->clear();
return $app['redirect.route']('page', array('page' => 'index'));
})->bind('logout');
$app->get('/{page}', function(Request $request, $page) use ($app) {
$file = $app['findFile']($page);
if (!$file) {
return $app->abort(404);
}
| -1.421293 | -1.48472 | -1.159955 | -0.130984 | [
-1.185708420052441,
-1.6568767676280145
] | [
-1.3522133927377242,
-1.6172264227715627
] | [
-0.9748097406542018,
-1.3451009303603052
] | [
-0.01912497232671028,
-0.24284281539645833
] | 1,024 | [
512,
512
] | [
6319,
1961,
13,
13,
12277,
29918,
10646,
4770,
9464,
1649,
6169,
29914,
19167,
29914,
1300,
3543,
328,
29889,
1961,
2670,
13,
13,
1509,
317,
488,
29916,
29905,
4873,
29936,
13,
1509,
317,
488,
29916,
29905,
6980,
29905,
29911,
9192,
3170,
6980,
29936,
13,
1509,
317,
488,
29916,
29905,
6980,
29905,
5983,
21575,
3170,
6980,
29936,
13,
1509,
317,
488,
29916,
29905,
6980,
29905,
7317,
3170,
6980,
29936,
13,
1509,
10667,
15193,
29905,
5308,
29905,
5506,
28077,
29905,
3089,
29936,
13,
1509,
8408,
27024,
29905,
10547,
973,
29905,
10547,
973,
29936,
13,
1509,
341,
1240,
29905,
29348,
29979,
23956,
29905,
11726,
29936,
13,
1509,
3375,
761,
29905,
9802,
3204,
18126,
29936,
13,
13,
29938,
932,
353,
716,
8427,
890,
13,
29938,
932,
1839,
8382,
2033,
353,
2089,
29936,
13,
13,
29938,
932,
1839,
3051,
9170,
2033,
353,
4770,
9464,
1649,
869,
8207,
932,
29914,
3051,
2670,
13,
13,
29938,
932,
1839,
2917,
2033,
353,
1409,
29898,
13,
1678,
525,
6886,
29915,
1149,
525,
4381,
742,
13,
1678,
525,
3257,
29915,
1678,
1149,
525,
15427,
3772,
29875,
742,
13,
416,
13,
13,
29938,
932,
1839,
7193,
2033,
353,
1409,
29898,
13,
1678,
525,
6406,
29915,
1149,
14180,
29906,
29891,
29938,
29896,
29900,
29938,
29955,
29968,
29984,
14816,
29884,
29934,
29881,
29956,
29889,
29911,
29953,
29931,
29879,
29929,
29906,
29880,
29956,
29955,
12739,
1837,
29914,
7730,
29890,
13282,
29979,
29885,
29929,
29934,
29967,
29945,
12661,
29968,
29945,
29900,
6821,
29929,
14190,
29999,
10699,
29879,
1362,
29967,
29906,
742,
396,
4113,
29901,
6406,
13,
416,
13,
13,
29938,
932,
976,
9573,
29898,
1482,
8168,
335,
3170,
6980,
3285,
1409,
29898,
13,
1678,
525,
7516,
335,
29889,
2084,
29915,
1678,
1149,
4770,
9464,
1649,
6169,
29914,
932,
29914,
7406,
742,
13,
1678,
525,
7516,
335,
29889,
6768,
29915,
1149,
1409,
29898,
13,
4706,
525,
710,
919,
29918,
20897,
29915,
1149,
2089,
29892,
13,
1678,
1723,
13,
2483,
13,
13,
29938,
932,
976,
9573,
29898,
1482,
16441,
3170,
6980,
3310,
13,
29938,
932,
976,
9573,
29898,
1482,
501,
2096,
21575,
3170,
6980,
3310,
13,
29938,
932,
976,
9573,
29898,
1482,
4367,
1088,
3170,
6980,
3310,
13,
29938,
932,
976,
9573,
29898,
1482,
21967,
3170,
6980,
3310,
13,
13,
29938,
932,
1839,
5325,
973,
2033,
353,
395,
932,
976,
13653,
29898,
2220,
580,
426,
13,
1678,
736,
716,
12745,
973,
29936,
13,
3680,
13,
13,
29938,
932,
1839,
16680,
2033,
353,
395,
932,
976,
13653,
29898,
2220,
580,
426,
13,
1678,
736,
716,
1459,
643,
890,
13,
3680,
13,
13,
29938,
932,
1839,
2886,
2283,
2033,
353,
395,
932,
976,
14676,
312,
29898,
2220,
1566,
3488,
29897,
671,
3255,
932,
29897,
426,
13,
1678,
395,
5325,
353,
395,
932,
1839,
5325,
973,
2033,
976,
23705,
1566,
932,
1839,
3051,
9170,
2033,
869,
8207,
29915,
869,
395,
3488,
869,
525,
5575,
2157,
13,
1678,
565,
5384,
29938,
5325,
29897,
426,
13,
4706,
736,
2089,
29936,
13,
1678,
500,
13,
1678,
736,
395,
5325,
29961,
29900,
1385,
13,
3680,
13,
13,
29938,
932,
1839,
9482,
2033,
353,
395,
932,
976,
14676,
312,
29898,
2220,
1566,
1445,
29897,
671,
3255,
932,
29897,
426,
13,
1678,
395,
1610,
353,
395,
932,
1839,
5325,
973,
2033,
976,
657,
1566,
1445,
416,
13,
1678,
395,
3225,
353,
395,
932,
1839,
16680,
2033,
976,
5510,
1566,
1610,
29892,
2089,
416,
13,
1678,
395,
2917,
353,
395,
932,
1839,
2917,
8219,
13,
1678,
565,
313,
275,
29918,
2378,
1566,
3225,
976,
657,
29979,
23956,
22130,
426,
13,
4706,
395,
2917,
353,
1409,
29918,
14634,
1566,
2917,
29892,
395,
3225,
976,
657,
29979,
23956,
3310,
13,
1678,
500,
13,
1678,
565,
3255,
932,
1839,
7924,
2033,
976,
5349,
877,
1792,
8785,
426,
13,
4706,
395,
2917,
353,
1409,
29918,
14634,
1566,
2917,
29892,
395,
932,
1839,
7924,
2033,
976,
657,
877,
1792,
14749,
13,
4706,
395,
2917,
1839,
3502,
3204,
2033,
353,
395,
1610,
29936,
13,
1678,
500,
13,
1678,
395,
2917,
1839,
3051,
2033,
353,
4485,
3204,
18126,
1057,
4381,
13372,
1566,
3225,
976,
657,
3916,
3310,
13,
1678,
736,
395,
932,
1839,
7516,
335,
2033,
976,
9482,
1566,
2917,
1839,
6886,
2033,
869,
15300,
7516,
335,
742,
395,
2917,
416,
13,
3680,
13,
13,
29938,
932,
976,
657,
11219,
7507,
742,
740,
580,
671,
3255,
932,
29897,
426,
13,
1678,
736,
395,
932,
1839,
7516,
335,
2033,
976,
9482,
877,
7507,
29889,
7516,
335,
2157,
13,
1800,
976,
5355,
877,
7507,
2157,
13,
13,
29938,
932,
976,
2490,
11219,
7507,
742,
740,
29898,
3089,
395,
3827,
29897,
671,
3255,
932,
29897,
426,
13,
1678,
395,
6786,
353,
395,
3827,
976,
657,
877,
6786,
2157,
13,
1678,
395,
5630,
353,
395,
3827,
976,
657,
877,
5630,
2157,
13,
1678,
565,
313,
16290,
1566,
932,
1839,
7193,
2033,
8308,
6786,
2314,
2607,
4800,
29918,
27902,
1566,
5630,
29892,
395,
932,
1839,
7193,
2033,
8308,
6786,
12622,
426,
13,
4706,
395,
932,
1839,
7924,
2033,
976,
842,
877,
1792,
742,
1409,
29898,
13,
9651,
525,
6786,
29915,
29871,
1149,
395,
6786,
29892,
13,
9651,
525,
1188,
3192,
29918,
262,
29915,
1149,
1565,
29892,
13,
4706,
1723,
416,
13,
4706,
736,
395,
932,
1839,
17886,
29889,
13134,
29915,
850,
29915,
3488,
742,
1409,
877,
3488,
29915,
1149,
525,
2248,
14749,
13,
1678,
500,
1683,
426,
13,
4706,
395,
932,
1839,
28041,
2033,
976,
2704,
877,
13919,
8952,
29914,
5630,
2157,
13,
4706,
736,
395,
932,
1839,
17886,
29889,
13134,
29915,
850,
29915,
7507,
2157,
13,
1678,
500,
13,
3680,
13,
13,
29938,
932,
976,
657,
11219,
1188,
449,
742,
740,
580,
671,
3255,
932,
29897,
426,
13,
1678,
395,
932,
1839,
7924,
2033,
976,
8551,
890,
13,
1678,
736,
395,
932,
1839,
17886,
29889,
13134,
29915,
850,
29915,
3488,
742,
1409,
877,
3488,
29915,
1149,
525,
2248,
14749,
13,
1800,
976,
5355,
877,
1188,
449,
2157,
13,
13,
29938,
932,
976,
657,
11219,
29912,
3488,
29913,
742,
740,
29898,
3089,
395,
3827,
29892,
395,
3488,
29897,
671,
3255,
932,
29897,
426,
13,
1678,
395,
1445,
353,
395,
932,
1839,
2886,
2283,
29915,
850,
29938,
3488,
416,
13,
1678,
565,
5384,
29938,
1445,
29897,
426,
13,
4706,
736,
395,
932,
976,
370,
441,
29898,
29946,
29900,
29946,
416,
13,
1678,
500,
13,
1678
] | 2,737 | 0 | Github | -1 | -1 |
Q: blank screen on website after configuring apex domain and www subdomain variant on github I am using vite+svelte wanted to host my webpage using github pages
Deployed Vite app as showed in the video How to Deploy Your Vite App to Github Pages
Create a repo repo1 on github
all stuff
git init
git add .
git commit -m "comment"
git branch -M main
git remote add origin https:// ........git
Changed the base url inside vite.config.js
import { defineConfig } from 'vite'
import { svelte } from '@sveltejs/vite-plugin-svelte'
// https://vitejs.dev/config/
export default defineConfig({
base: '/repo1/',
plugins: [svelte()]
})
npm run build
git add dist -f
git commit -m "add dist"
git subtree push --prefix dist origin gh-pages
Got website running with this extension https://name.github.io/repo1/
Wanted to add a custom domain to the repo1
Saw this page Configuring an apex domain and the www subdomain variant
First configure an apex domain with A record
On GitHub, navigate to your site's repository.
Under your repository name, click Settings.
Repository settings button
click Pages
Under "Custom domain", type your example.com, then click Save
Check for CNAME created inside repo1 containing example.com
Changed A record in DNS provider
185.199.108.153
185.199.109.153
185.199.110.153
185.199.111.153
Then configured a CNAME record with your DNS provider
type CNAME name www.example.com data username.github.io.
confirmed if DNS record configured correctly using
dig WWW.EXAMPLE.COM +nostats +nocomments +nocmd
I had to get this output
> ;WWW.EXAMPLE.COM. IN A
> WWW.EXAMPLE.COM. 3592 IN CNAME YOUR-USERNAME.github.io.
> YOUR-USERNAME.github.io. 43192 IN CNAME GITHUB-PAGES-SERVER .
> GITHUB-PAGES-SERVER . 22 IN A 192.0.2.1
But what I got is
;WWW.EXAMPLE.COM. IN A
WWW.EXAMPLE.COM. 9999 IN CNAME YOUR-USERNAME.github.io.
YOUR-USERNAME.github.io. 9999 IN A 185.199.111.153
YOUR-USERNAME.github.io. 9999 IN A 185.199.109.153
YOUR-USERNAME.github.io. 9999 IN A 185.199.110.153
YOUR-USERNAME.github.io. 9999 IN A 185.199.108.153
I never got these
username pointing to github-pages-server
> YOUR-USERNAME.github.io. 43192 IN CNAME GITHUB-PAGES-SERVER .
github-pages-server pointing to IP
> GITHUB-PAGES-SERVER . 22 IN A 192.0.2.1
When I tried checking www.example.com my custom domain I get a blank white screen no errors or warning message on the website just a white screen
I came across this How to Configure GitHub Pages Custom Domain? (Google Domains | Subdomain & Apex Domain)
He too gets a blank white screen without any kind of error or warning messages on page load just as mine he inspects the page gets 404 error on console
When I checked my custom domain inspect -> console
Even i got similar warning
example.com/:8
GET https://example.com/repo1/assets/index.b0a | -1.530867 | -1.140919 | -0.810588 | -0.439897 | [
-1.2843250509403517,
-1.7774082053799054
] | [
-1.0657128197281693,
-1.2161256205581856
] | [
-0.24056796380545592,
-1.380608304715685
] | [
-0.15959896681236602,
-0.7201942596208626
] | 1,024 | [
512,
512
] | [
660,
29901,
9654,
4315,
373,
4700,
1156,
2295,
3864,
263,
412,
29916,
5354,
322,
7821,
1014,
7247,
17305,
373,
18546,
306,
626,
773,
325,
568,
29974,
29879,
955,
371,
5131,
304,
3495,
590,
24499,
773,
18546,
6515,
13,
8498,
2376,
287,
478,
568,
623,
408,
10018,
297,
278,
4863,
1128,
304,
10034,
2376,
3575,
478,
568,
2401,
304,
402,
2985,
349,
1179,
13,
4391,
263,
13761,
13761,
29896,
373,
18546,
13,
497,
6433,
13,
5559,
2069,
13,
5559,
788,
869,
13,
5559,
9063,
448,
29885,
376,
9342,
29908,
13,
5559,
5443,
448,
29924,
1667,
13,
5559,
7592,
788,
3978,
2045,
597,
29871,
11296,
5559,
13,
13,
7590,
278,
2967,
3142,
2768,
325,
568,
29889,
2917,
29889,
1315,
13,
5215,
426,
4529,
3991,
500,
515,
525,
29894,
568,
29915,
13,
5215,
426,
269,
955,
371,
500,
515,
18803,
29879,
955,
371,
1315,
29914,
29894,
568,
29899,
8582,
29899,
29879,
955,
371,
29915,
13,
13,
458,
2045,
597,
29894,
568,
1315,
29889,
3359,
29914,
2917,
29914,
13,
15843,
2322,
4529,
3991,
3319,
13,
1678,
2967,
29901,
8207,
20095,
29896,
29914,
742,
13,
29871,
18224,
29901,
518,
29879,
955,
371,
580,
29962,
13,
1800,
13,
13,
14963,
1065,
2048,
13,
5559,
788,
1320,
448,
29888,
13,
5559,
9063,
448,
29885,
376,
1202,
1320,
29908,
13,
5559,
1014,
8336,
5503,
1192,
13506,
1320,
3978,
24170,
29899,
12292,
13,
29954,
327,
4700,
2734,
411,
445,
6081,
2045,
597,
978,
29889,
3292,
29889,
601,
29914,
20095,
29896,
29914,
13,
29956,
9714,
304,
788,
263,
2888,
5354,
304,
278,
13761,
29896,
13,
29903,
1450,
445,
1813,
12782,
3864,
385,
263,
412,
29916,
5354,
322,
278,
7821,
1014,
7247,
17305,
13,
6730,
10822,
385,
263,
412,
29916,
5354,
411,
319,
2407,
13,
2951,
25492,
29892,
23624,
304,
596,
3268,
29915,
29879,
9810,
29889,
13,
13,
29177,
596,
9810,
1024,
29892,
2828,
29871,
19215,
29889,
13,
13,
11481,
6055,
2826,
13,
13,
3808,
349,
1179,
13,
13,
29177,
376,
7281,
5354,
613,
1134,
596,
1342,
29889,
510,
29892,
769,
2828,
16913,
13,
13,
5596,
363,
315,
5813,
2825,
2768,
13761,
29896,
6943,
1342,
29889,
510,
13,
13,
7590,
319,
2407,
297,
16332,
13113,
13,
13,
29896,
29947,
29945,
29889,
29896,
29929,
29929,
29889,
29896,
29900,
29947,
29889,
29896,
29945,
29941,
13,
29896,
29947,
29945,
29889,
29896,
29929,
29929,
29889,
29896,
29900,
29929,
29889,
29896,
29945,
29941,
13,
29896,
29947,
29945,
29889,
29896,
29929,
29929,
29889,
29896,
29896,
29900,
29889,
29896,
29945,
29941,
13,
29896,
29947,
29945,
29889,
29896,
29929,
29929,
29889,
29896,
29896,
29896,
29889,
29896,
29945,
29941,
13,
13,
11760,
13252,
263,
315,
5813,
2407,
411,
596,
16332,
13113,
13,
1853,
315,
5813,
1024,
7821,
29889,
4773,
29889,
510,
848,
8952,
29889,
3292,
29889,
601,
29889,
13,
5527,
381,
2168,
565,
16332,
2407,
13252,
5149,
773,
13,
7501,
399,
29956,
29956,
29889,
5746,
19297,
1307,
29889,
19795,
718,
6582,
1446,
718,
1217,
21032,
718,
10763,
3487,
13,
29902,
750,
304,
679,
445,
1962,
13,
29958,
2056,
29956,
29956,
29956,
29889,
5746,
19297,
1307,
29889,
19795,
29889,
462,
268,
2672,
418,
319,
13,
1678,
1405,
399,
29956,
29956,
29889,
5746,
19297,
1307,
29889,
19795,
29889,
1669,
29941,
29945,
29929,
29906,
1678,
2672,
418,
315,
5813,
259,
612,
22970,
29899,
11889,
5813,
29889,
3292,
29889,
601,
29889,
13,
1678,
1405,
612,
22970,
29899,
11889,
5813,
29889,
3292,
29889,
601,
29889,
539,
29946,
29941,
29896,
29929,
29906,
259,
2672,
418,
315,
5813,
1678,
402,
13054,
7466,
29899,
7228,
1692,
29903,
29899,
18603,
869,
13,
1678,
1405,
29871,
402,
13054,
7466,
29899,
7228,
1692,
29903,
29899,
18603,
869,
3986,
29906,
29906,
418,
2672,
418,
319,
4706,
29896,
29929,
29906,
29889,
29900,
29889,
29906,
29889,
29896,
13,
13,
6246,
825,
306,
2355,
338,
13,
29936,
29956,
29956,
29956,
29889,
5746,
19297,
1307,
29889,
19795,
29889,
259,
2672,
29871,
319,
13,
29956,
29956,
29956,
29889,
5746,
19297,
1307,
29889,
19795,
29889,
29871,
29929,
29929,
29929,
29929,
259,
2672,
29871,
315,
5813,
259,
612,
22970,
29899,
11889,
5813,
29889,
3292,
29889,
601,
29889,
13,
29979,
22970,
29899,
11889,
5813,
29889,
3292,
29889,
601,
29889,
29871,
29929,
29929,
29929,
29929,
2672,
1678,
319,
1678,
29896,
29947,
29945,
29889,
29896,
29929,
29929,
29889,
29896,
29896,
29896,
29889,
29896,
29945,
29941,
13,
29979,
22970,
29899,
11889,
5813,
29889,
3292,
29889,
601,
29889,
29871,
29929,
29929,
29929,
29929,
2672,
1678,
319,
1678,
29896,
29947,
29945,
29889,
29896,
29929,
29929,
29889,
29896,
29900,
29929,
29889,
29896,
29945,
29941,
13,
29979,
22970,
29899,
11889,
5813,
29889,
3292,
29889,
601,
29889,
29871,
29929,
29929,
29929,
29929,
2672,
1678,
319,
1678,
29896,
29947,
29945,
29889,
29896,
29929,
29929,
29889,
29896,
29896,
29900,
29889,
29896,
29945,
29941,
13,
29979,
22970,
29899,
11889,
5813,
29889,
3292,
29889,
601,
29889,
29871,
29929,
29929,
29929,
29929,
2672,
1678,
319,
1678,
29896,
29947,
29945,
29889,
29896,
29929,
29929,
29889,
29896,
29900,
29947,
29889,
29896,
29945,
29941,
13,
13,
29902,
2360,
2355,
1438,
13,
6786,
13330,
304,
18546,
29899,
12292,
29899,
2974,
13,
1678,
1405,
612,
22970,
29899,
11889,
5813,
29889,
3292,
29889,
601,
29889,
539,
29946,
29941,
29896,
29929,
29906,
259,
2672,
418,
315,
5813,
1678,
402,
13054,
7466,
29899,
7228,
1692,
29903,
29899,
18603,
869,
13,
3292,
29899,
12292,
29899,
2974,
13330,
304,
5641,
13,
1678,
1405,
29871,
402,
13054,
7466,
29899,
7228,
1692,
29903,
29899,
18603,
869,
3986,
29906,
29906,
418,
2672,
418,
319,
4706,
29896,
29929,
29906,
29889,
29900,
29889,
29906,
29889,
29896,
13,
10401,
306,
1898,
8454,
7821,
29889,
4773,
29889,
510,
590,
2888,
5354,
306,
679,
263,
9654,
4796,
4315,
694,
4436,
470,
29871,
9177,
2643,
373,
278,
4700,
925,
263,
4796,
4315,
13,
29902,
2996,
4822,
445,
1128,
304,
1281,
4532,
25492,
349,
1179,
8701,
28460,
29973,
313,
14207,
7809,
2708,
891,
3323,
7247,
669,
319,
412,
29916,
28460,
29897,
13,
3868,
2086,
4947,
263,
9654,
4796,
4315,
1728,
738,
2924,
310,
1059,
470,
9177,
7191,
373,
1813,
2254,
925,
408,
7903,
540,
16096,
29879,
278,
1813,
4947,
29871,
29946,
29900,
29946,
1059,
373,
2991,
13,
10401,
306,
7120,
590,
2888,
5354,
16096,
1599,
2991,
13,
29923,
854,
474,
2355,
2788,
9177,
13,
4773,
29889,
510,
24676,
29947,
13,
7194,
2045,
597,
4773,
29889,
510,
29914,
20095,
29896,
29914,
16596,
29914,
2248,
29889,
29890,
29900,
29874
] | 2,741 | 0 | StackExchange | -1 | -1 |
GeneratePress is a totally free WordPress theme made by Tom Usborne, a programmer from Canada. I have really seen it for many years in the WordPress repository. Most of you know that I'm fairly picky when it comes to web performance, so I have a tendency to ignore everything from the repository. Typically because a great deal of things on there isn't that good, or not supported for long. However, in this circumstance, that was a mistake. The theme currently has over half a million downloads, 80,000+ busy installs, with over 500 5-star evaluations. So clearly Tom is doing something right here.
I Actually installed the free version of the motif and in a matter of 15 minutes purchased the premium version. I could tell right off the bat, the developer was thinking precisely how I was imagining a theme should work. And I'll go into that more below, but let us first look at some of the qualities. I'm going to be covering the premium version of the theme, because it's worth very penny. In fact, Tom, in the event that you ever read this and so are visiting Scottsdale, Arizona, coffees on me.
The Documentation is also incredible. Besides have good documentation on their site, the theme has been around long enough that everything I wholeheartedly during the setup procedure was found inside a few seconds from their own forum.
Now it is Time for the fun part! I test a brand new theme right out of the box with no customizations to just see how quickly the base is. This tells me a lot of what I could expect by the time I add everything to it. Running the inventory GeneratePress WordPress theme on Kinsta hosting clocked in at a whopping 265 ms loading time. I was quite impressed.
This is a developer that cares about performance! And I have Seen exactly the same throughout each the premium add-ons. They are as small as you can possibly get them. In fact, Font Awesome is probably the biggest file contained. And that isn't even his. With Font Awesome 5 coming around the corner, we can expect that to secure smaller too.
The premium add-ons Are installation in what I'd call a modular layout. It is possible to activate/deactivate anything you aren't using to ensure they don't load on your website. As the co-developer of this perfmatters plugin that has a script supervisor built, I felt at home for this. Everything should be designed this way.
The WordPress customizer options is where GeneratePress really shines! Bear in mind, a lot of these choices are permitted by the superior add-ons. I can't show you everything, otherwise, we would be here daily. But let me show you couple which actually come in handy.
You May Want to Also grab his amazing WP Display Posts plugin also. View my featured articles on the sidebar of this site? That's using the WP Display Posts plugin. I have it set to display posts from a particular"featured" category. You might also get it show last modified/updated posts, recent posts, etc.. I'm using the free version and it works great.
The Sections add-on in the premium edition of GeneratePress allows you to perform all sorts of things in terms of design. Consider it like a webpage builder without the bloat. GeneratePress is definitely not only for blogs! I am in fact using GeneratePress for our ecommerce website (perfmatters.io) that is running Easy Digital Downloads. Don't hesitate to look it over. However, as you can see below, it looks like a site.
For those Of those who are regular readers, you probably did not even notice that I changed the entire theme that forces woorkup.com. It just took me about an hour to get GeneratePress to mimic my MyThemeShop motif which I had spent annually customizing. Here is a comparison below.
My old MyThemeShop motif was already pretty fast, but I spent a lot of time scrutinizing it. In reality, I have gotten a lot of emails from you guys asking me to publish all my customizations. My advice today is, simply get GeneratePress!
Together with the New GeneratePress theme I managed to attain faster speeds and 600 fewer lines of code! And keep in mind, I do not have a kid motif. All the customizations were created using the awesome GP hooks and snippets plugin (both CSS and PHP).
Like the WordPress theme I have working on wo | 0.46749 | -0.488907 | -0.186039 | -0.771587 | [
0.45790209474607163,
0.47707755075205427
] | [
-0.34364184431502526,
-0.6341713316325271
] | [
-0.2367636022673795,
-0.13531396125200873
] | [
-0.9348073067517255,
-0.6083658228938197
] | 1,024 | [
512,
512
] | [
3251,
403,
10923,
338,
263,
14909,
3889,
10803,
10923,
10929,
1754,
491,
4335,
10783,
4089,
484,
29892,
263,
27922,
515,
7400,
29889,
306,
505,
2289,
3595,
372,
363,
1784,
2440,
297,
278,
10803,
10923,
9810,
29889,
7849,
310,
366,
1073,
393,
306,
29915,
29885,
12558,
5839,
29891,
746,
372,
5304,
304,
1856,
4180,
29892,
577,
306,
505,
263,
260,
5197,
304,
11455,
4129,
515,
278,
9810,
29889,
14213,
1711,
1363,
263,
2107,
5376,
310,
2712,
373,
727,
3508,
29915,
29873,
393,
1781,
29892,
470,
451,
6969,
363,
1472,
29889,
2398,
29892,
297,
445,
11708,
749,
29892,
393,
471,
263,
10171,
29889,
450,
10929,
5279,
756,
975,
4203,
263,
7284,
5142,
29879,
29892,
29871,
29947,
29900,
29892,
29900,
29900,
29900,
29974,
19587,
2601,
29879,
29892,
411,
975,
29871,
29945,
29900,
29900,
29871,
29945,
29899,
8508,
6161,
800,
29889,
1105,
9436,
4335,
338,
2599,
1554,
1492,
1244,
29889,
13,
29902,
12823,
5130,
278,
3889,
1873,
310,
278,
3184,
361,
322,
297,
263,
4383,
310,
29871,
29896,
29945,
6233,
20848,
278,
5188,
1974,
1873,
29889,
306,
1033,
2649,
1492,
1283,
278,
17152,
29892,
278,
13897,
471,
7291,
17503,
920,
306,
471,
6382,
2827,
263,
10929,
881,
664,
29889,
1126,
306,
29915,
645,
748,
964,
393,
901,
2400,
29892,
541,
1235,
502,
937,
1106,
472,
777,
310,
278,
4021,
1907,
29889,
306,
29915,
29885,
2675,
304,
367,
21653,
278,
5188,
1974,
1873,
310,
278,
10929,
29892,
1363,
372,
29915,
29879,
7088,
1407,
6584,
1460,
29889,
512,
2114,
29892,
4335,
29892,
297,
278,
1741,
393,
366,
3926,
1303,
445,
322,
577,
526,
6493,
292,
11032,
1372,
23276,
29892,
23716,
29892,
19785,
12712,
373,
592,
29889,
13,
1576,
10854,
362,
338,
884,
29811,
1821,
29889,
19065,
505,
1781,
5106,
373,
1009,
3268,
29892,
278,
10929,
756,
1063,
2820,
1472,
3307,
393,
4129,
306,
3353,
23057,
23244,
2645,
278,
6230,
8792,
471,
1476,
2768,
263,
2846,
6923,
515,
1009,
1914,
24179,
29889,
13,
10454,
372,
338,
5974,
363,
278,
2090,
760,
29991,
306,
1243,
263,
14982,
716,
10929,
1492,
714,
310,
278,
3800,
411,
694,
2888,
17063,
304,
925,
1074,
920,
9098,
278,
2967,
338,
29889,
910,
10603,
592,
263,
3287,
310,
825,
306,
1033,
2149,
491,
278,
931,
306,
788,
4129,
304,
372,
29889,
19509,
278,
11817,
706,
3251,
403,
10923,
10803,
10923,
10929,
373,
476,
2611,
29874,
23376,
12006,
287,
297,
472,
263,
1058,
3262,
29871,
29906,
29953,
29945,
10887,
8363,
931,
29889,
306,
471,
3755,
527,
13120,
29889,
13,
4013,
338,
263,
13897,
393,
1559,
267,
1048,
4180,
29991,
1126,
306,
505,
922,
264,
3721,
278,
1021,
10106,
1269,
278,
5188,
1974,
788,
29899,
787,
29889,
2688,
526,
408,
2319,
408,
366,
508,
10075,
679,
963,
29889,
512,
2114,
29892,
10928,
22886,
14151,
338,
3117,
278,
24842,
934,
11122,
29889,
1126,
393,
3508,
29915,
29873,
1584,
670,
29889,
2973,
10928,
22886,
14151,
29871,
29945,
6421,
2820,
278,
11155,
29892,
591,
508,
2149,
393,
304,
11592,
7968,
2086,
29889,
13,
1576,
5188,
1974,
788,
29899,
787,
4683,
11161,
297,
825,
306,
29915,
29881,
1246,
263,
878,
1070,
5912,
29889,
739,
338,
1950,
304,
5039,
403,
29914,
311,
11236,
403,
3099,
366,
9455,
29915,
29873,
773,
304,
9801,
896,
1016,
29915,
29873,
2254,
373,
596,
4700,
29889,
1094,
278,
1302,
29899,
6734,
310,
445,
23895,
2922,
2153,
7079,
393,
756,
263,
2471,
2428,
19188,
4240,
29892,
306,
7091,
472,
3271,
363,
445,
29889,
17296,
881,
367,
8688,
445,
982,
29889,
13,
1576,
10803,
10923,
2888,
3950,
3987,
338,
988,
3251,
403,
10923,
2289,
528,
1475,
29991,
23606,
297,
3458,
29892,
263,
3287,
310,
1438,
19995,
526,
21905,
491,
278,
11558,
788,
29899,
787,
29889,
306,
508,
29915,
29873,
1510,
366,
4129,
29892,
6467,
29892,
591,
723,
367,
1244,
14218,
29889,
1205,
1235,
592,
1510,
366,
7303,
607,
2869,
2041,
297,
1361,
29891,
29889,
13,
3492,
2610,
399,
424,
304,
3115,
17229,
670,
21863,
292,
399,
29925,
17440,
4918,
29879,
7079,
884,
29889,
4533,
590,
15000,
7456,
373,
278,
2625,
1646,
310,
445,
3268,
29973,
2193,
29915,
29879,
773,
278,
399,
29925,
17440,
4918,
29879,
7079,
29889,
306,
505,
372,
731,
304,
2479,
11803,
515,
263,
3153,
29908,
14394,
29881,
29908,
7663,
29889,
887,
1795,
884,
679,
372,
1510,
1833,
9120,
29914,
21402,
11803,
29892,
7786,
11803,
29892,
2992,
636,
306,
29915,
29885,
773,
278,
3889,
1873,
322,
372,
1736,
2107,
29889,
13,
1576,
922,
1953,
788,
29899,
265,
297,
278,
5188,
1974,
12203,
310,
3251,
403,
10923,
6511,
366,
304,
2189,
599,
23551,
310,
2712,
297,
4958,
310,
2874,
29889,
10056,
372,
763,
263,
24499,
12856,
1728,
278,
289,
3071,
29889,
3251,
403,
10923,
338,
11630,
451,
871,
363,
12618,
29879,
29991,
306,
626,
297,
2114,
773,
3251,
403,
10923,
363,
1749,
321,
22529,
4700,
313,
546,
29888,
2922,
2153,
29889,
601,
29897,
393,
338,
2734,
382,
8995,
15918,
9943,
18132,
29889,
3872,
29915,
29873,
19066,
10388,
304,
1106,
372,
975,
29889,
2398,
29892,
408,
366,
508,
1074,
2400,
29892,
372,
3430,
763,
263,
3268,
29889,
13,
2831,
1906,
4587,
1906,
1058,
526,
4943,
22176,
29892,
366,
3117,
1258,
451,
1584,
8369,
393,
306,
3939,
278,
4152,
10929,
393,
8249,
8879,
548,
786,
29889,
510,
29889,
739,
925,
3614,
592,
1048,
385,
7234,
304,
679,
3251,
403,
10923,
304,
286,
326,
293,
590,
1619,
17693,
2713,
459,
3184,
361,
607,
306,
750,
10398,
2889,
1474,
2888,
5281,
29889,
2266,
338,
263,
10230,
2400,
29889,
13,
3421,
2030,
1619,
17693,
2713,
459,
3184,
361,
471,
2307,
5051,
5172,
29892,
541,
306,
10398,
263,
3287,
310,
931,
14387,
329,
262,
5281,
372,
29889,
512,
16832,
29892,
306,
505,
2355,
841,
263,
3287,
310,
24609,
515,
366,
18239,
6721,
592,
304,
9805,
599,
590,
2888,
17063,
29889,
1619,
9848,
9826,
338,
29892,
3763,
679,
3251,
403,
10923,
29991,
13,
29911,
12966,
411,
278,
1570,
3251,
403,
10923,
10929,
306,
8745,
304,
1098,
475,
8473,
961,
5779,
322,
29871,
29953,
29900,
29900,
28145,
3454,
310,
775,
29991,
1126,
3013,
297,
3458,
29892,
306,
437,
451,
505,
263,
26397,
3184,
361,
29889,
2178,
278,
2888,
17063,
892,
2825,
773,
278,
29663,
28258,
12422,
29879,
322,
9830,
27421,
7079,
313,
20313,
6783,
322,
5048,
467,
13,
27552,
278,
10803,
10923,
10929,
306,
505,
1985,
373,
8879
] | 2,752 | 0 | C4 | 4 | 1 |
Q: getting null value from request.getparameter("name"); com.mysql.jdbc.exceptions.jdbc4.MySQLIntegrityConstraintViolationException getting exception whem i clicked on submit button
my all code works good but when i was add code for uploading image
then this error will occur
at these position i've done the changes
1. in html for enctype="multipart/form-data" newly added
2. in jsp added save image in project derectory
give me some solution......
com.mysql.jdbc.exceptions.jdbc4.MySQLIntegrityConstraintViolationException: Column 'name' cannot be null
my html form
<form method="post" enctype="multipart/form-data" >
<div class="intro">
<h1>Setup your Details</h1>
<h2></h2>
</div>
<%
try{
Class.forName("com.mysql.jdbc.Driver");
Connection con =
DriverManager.getConnection("jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/slambook","root",
"");
Statement st = con.createStatement();
String user = (String) session.getAttribute("userid");
String qry = "select * from userdetails where `userid`='"+user+"'";
ResultSet result = st.executeQuery(qry);
while(result.next()){
//id = result.getInt("id");
%>
<input type="text" placeholder="Name" name="name" value="<%=result.getString("name")%>" required/>
<input type="number" placeholder="Contact No." name="cno" value="<%=result.getString("cno")%>" required/>
Choose File : <input type="file" name="file" required>
<textarea placeholder="Address" name="address" rows="4"><%=result.getString("address")%></textarea>
<input type="date" name="dob" value="<%=result.getString("dob")%>"/>
<input type="text" placeholder="Dream" name="dream" value="<%=result.getString("dream")%>" required/>
<input type="text" placeholder="Favorite Personality" name="favperson" value="<%=result.getString("favperson")%>" required/>
<input type="text" placeholder="Secret Crush" name="crush" value="<%=result.getString("crush")%>"/>
<%if(result.getString("userid").equals(null))
{
%><input type="submit" name="btnsave" value="Save Details" onclick="form.action='saveuserdetails.jsp';"/>
<input type="submit" name="btnupdate" value="update Details" onclick="form.action='updateuserdetails.jsp';"/>
<input type="reset" value="Clear" style="float: right;"><%
}
else
{%>
<input type="submit" name="btnupdate" value="update Details" onclick="form.action='updateuserdetails.jsp';"/>
<input type="reset" value="Clear" style="float: right;"><%
}
}
}
catch(Exception ex)
{
out.println(ex);
}
%>
this is my update jsp
<%@page import="java.io.*"%>
<%@ page import ="java.sql.*,java.io.*,java.util.*" %>
<%
String uid = (String) session.getAttribute("userid");
String name = request.getParameter("name");
String cno = request.getParameter("cno");
//String picaddress = request.getParameter("file");
String address= request.getParameter("address");
String dob= request.getParameter("dob");
String dream= request.getParameter("dream");
String favperson= request.getParameter("favperson");
String crush= request.getParameter("crush");
String saveFile = "";
String contentType = request.getContentType();
if((contentType != null)&&(contentType.indexOf("multipart/form-data")>=0))
{
DataInputStream in = new DataInputStream(request.getInputStream());
int formDataLength = request.getContentLength();
byte dataBytes[] = new byte[form | -2.166396 | -2.032652 | -1.353978 | -1.236566 | [
-2.1499599220675685,
-2.1828321323635387
] | [
-1.8464268811792068,
-2.2188776260916283
] | [
-1.022998320136503,
-1.6849572277617972
] | [
-1.0310580066770823,
-1.4420745090610378
] | 1,024 | [
512,
512
] | [
660,
29901,
2805,
1870,
995,
515,
2009,
29889,
657,
15501,
703,
978,
1496,
419,
29889,
7938,
29889,
15686,
29889,
11739,
29879,
29889,
15686,
29946,
29889,
3421,
4176,
23573,
537,
21529,
29963,
29875,
22671,
2451,
2805,
3682,
377,
331,
474,
11484,
373,
9752,
2826,
13,
1357,
599,
775,
1736,
1781,
541,
746,
474,
471,
788,
775,
363,
6441,
292,
1967,
13,
6098,
445,
1059,
674,
6403,
13,
271,
1438,
2602,
474,
29915,
345,
2309,
278,
3620,
29871,
13,
29896,
29889,
297,
3472,
363,
427,
312,
668,
543,
18056,
442,
29914,
689,
29899,
1272,
29908,
15141,
2715,
13,
29906,
29889,
297,
432,
1028,
2715,
4078,
1967,
297,
2060,
14923,
312,
706,
13,
29887,
573,
592,
777,
1650,
3045,
636,
13,
510,
29889,
7938,
29889,
15686,
29889,
11739,
29879,
29889,
15686,
29946,
29889,
3421,
4176,
23573,
537,
21529,
29963,
29875,
22671,
2451,
29901,
12481,
525,
978,
29915,
2609,
367,
1870,
13,
1357,
3472,
883,
13,
29966,
689,
1158,
543,
2490,
29908,
427,
312,
668,
543,
18056,
442,
29914,
689,
29899,
1272,
29908,
1405,
13,
1678,
529,
4563,
770,
543,
23333,
1013,
29871,
13,
29871,
529,
29882,
29896,
29958,
26947,
596,
25577,
829,
29882,
29896,
29958,
13,
29871,
529,
29882,
29906,
2565,
29882,
29906,
29958,
13,
829,
4563,
29958,
13,
29966,
29995,
13,
2202,
29912,
13,
2385,
29889,
1454,
1170,
703,
510,
29889,
7938,
29889,
15686,
29889,
12376,
1496,
13,
5350,
378,
353,
29871,
13,
12376,
3260,
29889,
657,
5350,
703,
15686,
29901,
7938,
597,
7640,
29901,
29941,
29941,
29900,
29953,
29914,
2536,
314,
2909,
3284,
4632,
613,
29871,
13,
376,
1496,
13,
14473,
380,
353,
378,
29889,
3258,
14473,
890,
13,
1231,
1404,
353,
313,
1231,
29897,
4867,
29889,
657,
6708,
703,
1792,
333,
1496,
13,
1231,
3855,
719,
353,
376,
2622,
334,
515,
1404,
14144,
988,
421,
1792,
333,
29952,
2433,
17969,
1792,
13578,
29915,
1769,
13,
3591,
2697,
1121,
353,
380,
29889,
7978,
3010,
29898,
29939,
719,
416,
13,
13,
8000,
29898,
2914,
29889,
4622,
580,
2597,
13,
458,
333,
353,
1121,
29889,
657,
2928,
703,
333,
1496,
1678,
13,
13,
29995,
29958,
418,
13,
29966,
2080,
1134,
543,
726,
29908,
12983,
543,
1170,
29908,
1024,
543,
978,
29908,
995,
543,
26292,
2914,
29889,
13719,
703,
978,
1159,
29995,
11903,
3734,
3779,
13,
29966,
2080,
1134,
543,
4537,
29908,
12983,
543,
13443,
1939,
1213,
1024,
543,
29883,
1217,
29908,
995,
543,
26292,
2914,
29889,
13719,
703,
29883,
1217,
1159,
29995,
11903,
3734,
3779,
13,
15954,
852,
3497,
584,
529,
2080,
1134,
543,
1445,
29908,
1024,
543,
1445,
29908,
3734,
29958,
13,
29966,
20433,
12983,
543,
7061,
29908,
1024,
543,
7328,
29908,
4206,
543,
29946,
3254,
12222,
2914,
29889,
13719,
703,
7328,
1159,
29995,
2565,
20433,
29958,
13,
29966,
2080,
1134,
543,
1256,
29908,
1024,
543,
11152,
29908,
995,
543,
26292,
2914,
29889,
13719,
703,
11152,
1159,
29995,
29958,
4681,
13,
29966,
2080,
1134,
543,
726,
29908,
12983,
543,
29928,
1633,
29908,
1024,
543,
29881,
1633,
29908,
995,
543,
26292,
2914,
29889,
13719,
703,
29881,
1633,
1159,
29995,
11903,
3734,
3779,
13,
29966,
2080,
1134,
543,
726,
29908,
12983,
543,
29943,
17118,
568,
5196,
2877,
29908,
1024,
543,
29888,
485,
10532,
29908,
995,
543,
26292,
2914,
29889,
13719,
703,
29888,
485,
10532,
1159,
29995,
11903,
3734,
3779,
13,
29966,
2080,
1134,
543,
726,
29908,
12983,
543,
28459,
6781,
1878,
29908,
1024,
543,
7283,
1878,
29908,
995,
543,
26292,
2914,
29889,
13719,
703,
7283,
1878,
1159,
29995,
29958,
4681,
13,
13,
29966,
29995,
361,
29898,
2914,
29889,
13719,
703,
1792,
333,
2564,
10954,
29898,
4304,
876,
13,
1678,
426,
13,
4706,
1273,
5299,
2080,
1134,
543,
7892,
29908,
1024,
543,
3116,
1983,
1351,
29908,
995,
543,
11371,
25577,
29908,
15630,
543,
689,
29889,
2467,
2433,
7620,
1792,
14144,
29889,
21318,
2670,
4681,
13,
4706,
529,
2080,
1134,
543,
7892,
29908,
1024,
543,
7290,
5504,
29908,
995,
543,
5504,
25577,
29908,
15630,
543,
689,
29889,
2467,
2433,
5504,
1792,
14144,
29889,
21318,
2670,
4681,
13,
4706,
529,
2080,
1134,
543,
12071,
29908,
995,
543,
18759,
29908,
3114,
543,
7411,
29901,
1492,
29936,
3254,
29995,
13,
1678,
500,
13,
1678,
1683,
13,
1678,
18674,
29958,
13,
4706,
529,
2080,
1134,
543,
7892,
29908,
1024,
543,
7290,
5504,
29908,
995,
543,
5504,
25577,
29908,
15630,
543,
689,
29889,
2467,
2433,
5504,
1792,
14144,
29889,
21318,
2670,
4681,
13,
4706,
529,
2080,
1134,
543,
12071,
29908,
995,
543,
18759,
29908,
3114,
543,
7411,
29901,
1492,
29936,
3254,
29995,
13,
1678,
500,
13,
13,
29913,
259,
13,
29913,
13,
12510,
29898,
2451,
429,
29897,
13,
29912,
13,
1678,
714,
29889,
5248,
29898,
735,
416,
13,
29913,
13,
29995,
29958,
13,
13,
29871,
13,
1366,
338,
590,
2767,
432,
1028,
13,
1678,
20577,
29992,
3488,
1053,
543,
1645,
29889,
601,
5575,
29908,
29995,
29958,
13,
259,
20577,
29992,
1813,
1053,
29465,
1645,
29889,
2850,
5575,
29892,
1645,
29889,
601,
5575,
29892,
1645,
29889,
4422,
5575,
29908,
6580,
13,
259,
20577,
13,
1678,
1714,
318,
333,
353,
313,
1231,
29897,
4867,
29889,
657,
6708,
703,
1792,
333,
1496,
13,
259,
1714,
1024,
353,
2009,
29889,
657,
9329,
703,
978,
1496,
268,
13,
259,
1714,
274,
1217,
353,
2009,
29889,
657,
9329,
703,
29883,
1217,
1496,
13,
259,
849,
1231,
11942,
7328,
353,
2009,
29889,
657,
9329,
703,
1445,
1496,
13,
268,
1714,
3211,
29922,
2009,
29889,
657,
9329,
703,
7328,
1496,
13,
29871,
1714,
20129,
29922,
2009,
29889,
657,
9329,
703,
11152,
1496,
13,
29871,
1714,
12561,
29922,
2009,
29889,
657,
9329,
703,
29881,
1633,
1496,
13,
29871,
1714,
5025,
10532,
29922,
2009,
29889,
657,
9329,
703,
29888,
485,
10532,
1496,
13,
29871,
1714,
2181,
1878,
29922,
2009,
29889,
657,
9329,
703,
7283,
1878,
1496,
13,
13,
29871,
1714,
4078,
2283,
353,
12942,
29871,
13,
29871,
1714,
2793,
1542,
353,
2009,
29889,
657,
3916,
1542,
890,
13,
29871,
565,
3552,
3051,
1542,
2804,
1870,
29897,
12774,
29898,
3051,
1542,
29889,
19402,
703,
18056,
442,
29914,
689,
29899,
1272,
1159,
18572,
29900,
876,
13,
29871,
426,
13,
1678,
3630,
13828,
297,
353,
716,
3630,
13828,
29898,
3827,
29889,
657,
13828,
3310,
13,
1678,
938,
883,
1469,
6513,
353,
2009,
29889,
657,
3916,
6513,
890,
13,
1678,
7023,
848,
11207,
2636,
353,
716,
7023,
29961,
689
] | 2,753 | 0 | StackExchange | -1 | -1 |
« Russian-English Conversation on Zoom
Russian-English Conversation on Zoom »
"Franz + Polina" film screening. Q&As with the film director Mikhail Segal
Monday 22 June, 2020, 19:00 - 20:00
Franz+Polina by Mikhail Segal
We are delighted to invite you to watch the film "Franz + Polina" on the eve of the outbreak of the Great Patriotic war in Soviet Union 79 years ago and meet with its director Mikhail Segal who kindly agreed to address our questions. Some of you had the pleasure of meeting Mikhail in March 2013 when he came to Cambridge to read his stories and sing his songs to CamRuSS members and friends. Some others might have had an opportunity to watch his latest film "Elephants Can Play Football" which was screened in Arts Picturehouse during the Russian Film Week in Cambridge in November 2018.
LANGUAGE: Russian with English translation
TICKETS: free*
You may watch the FILM in advance (in Russian with English subtitles).
The TRAILER.
Making of the film documentary (in Russian and German)
Photo courtesy of Mikhail Segal
Mikhail Segal is a Russian film director and writer, known by his films "Franz+Polina", "Short Stories", "Film about Alekseyev", "Elephants Can Play Football", and his collections of short stories such as "Youth", "Short Stories", "Handwriting". He also composes music and write songs, including for his own films. Currently, Mikhail is working on his latest film, "Deeper" due to come out later this year.
In 2006, at XXVIII Moscow International Film Festival, Mikhail presented his first full-length film "Franz+Polina" interpreting the narrative "Deaf mute" written by Ales Adamovich. The love story of a Belorussian girl from an occupied village and of an SS soldier "has crossed the world" and got recognition at many Russian and international festivals (in Germany, France, Poland, Canada, China, and other countries).
Selected festivals and prizes
2006 – Participant of XVIII Moscow International Film Festival (Russia)
2006 – Prize-winner XVI Cottbus International Film Festival, (Germany)
2006 – Participant of Russian Cinema Week, Paris (France) and Berlin (Germany)
2006 – Official participant, XVI Camerimage International Film Festival, Łódź, (Poland)
2006 – Grand Prix and Best Female Performance Award, S. F. Bondarchuk Military-Patriotic Film Festival "Volokolamsk Line" 2006 (Russia)
2006 – Special Jury Diploma and Best Female Performance Award, XV International Film Festival "Kinopoisk", Anapa (Russia)
2007 – Best Principal Female Role and Best Episodic Female Role awards, Dramatic Art Festival "Constellation", Tver' (Russia)
2006 – Special Jury Award "Baltic Debuts", International Film Festival, Svetlogorsk (Russia)
2006 – Best Debut and Best Photography awards, "Listapad" Film Festival", Minsk (Belarus)
2007 – Grand Prix for best film, 21st Cabourg Film Festival (France)
2007 – Grand Prix for the Best Film and the Best Music Award, 20th FIPA Festival Biarritz (France)
2007 – FIPRESCI prize, International Film Festival "Cinema-Tout-Ecran", Geneve (Switzerland)
2007 – Best Male Performance, "13th Shanghai TV Festival", Shanghai (China)
2007 – Official participant of the World Film Festival Montreal (Canada)
2007 – Award for best direction, "Viva Cinema of Russia!" Film Festival, St. Petersburg (Russia)
2007 – P. Lebeshev award for the best pictorial realization, International Film Festival "Spirit of Fire", Khanty-Mansiysk (Russia)
*there is no charge for this meeting, but we would welcome any donation you wish to make towards support of our efforts in | 0.468175 | 0.758938 | -0.338213 | -0.717755 | [
0.7866241977057741,
0.1497251232213505
] | [
0.2844211305793585,
1.2334542786735094
] | [
0.15128127461641366,
-0.8277077611819142
] | [
-0.6619885998687043,
-0.7735223501200467
] | 1,024 | [
512,
512
] | [
859,
10637,
29899,
24636,
1281,
874,
362,
373,
17421,
290,
13,
23002,
713,
29899,
24636,
1281,
874,
362,
373,
17421,
290,
2047,
13,
29908,
7675,
29920,
718,
2043,
1099,
29908,
2706,
4315,
292,
29889,
660,
29987,
2887,
411,
278,
2706,
8881,
13803,
29882,
737,
6667,
284,
13,
29924,
898,
388,
29871,
29906,
29906,
5306,
29892,
29871,
29906,
29900,
29906,
29900,
29892,
29871,
29896,
29929,
29901,
29900,
29900,
448,
29871,
29906,
29900,
29901,
29900,
29900,
13,
7675,
29920,
29974,
7713,
1099,
491,
13803,
29882,
737,
6667,
284,
13,
4806,
526,
15319,
287,
304,
2437,
568,
366,
304,
6505,
278,
2706,
376,
7675,
29920,
718,
2043,
1099,
29908,
373,
278,
321,
345,
310,
278,
714,
8690,
310,
278,
7027,
23168,
13574,
1370,
297,
15308,
7761,
29871,
29955,
29929,
2440,
8020,
322,
5870,
411,
967,
8881,
13803,
29882,
737,
6667,
284,
1058,
25036,
15502,
304,
3211,
1749,
5155,
29889,
3834,
310,
366,
750,
278,
15377,
310,
11781,
13803,
29882,
737,
297,
4779,
29871,
29906,
29900,
29896,
29941,
746,
540,
2996,
304,
12585,
304,
1303,
670,
15874,
322,
1809,
670,
12516,
304,
5500,
29934,
29884,
1799,
5144,
322,
7875,
29889,
3834,
4045,
1795,
505,
750,
385,
15130,
304,
6505,
670,
9281,
2706,
376,
29923,
280,
561,
1934,
1815,
7412,
8914,
29908,
607,
471,
4315,
287,
297,
11401,
28908,
8697,
2645,
278,
10637,
4643,
15511,
297,
12585,
297,
3979,
29871,
29906,
29900,
29896,
29947,
29889,
13,
29931,
19453,
29965,
10461,
29901,
10637,
411,
4223,
13962,
13,
29911,
2965,
29968,
2544,
29903,
29901,
3889,
29930,
13,
3492,
1122,
6505,
278,
383,
6227,
29924,
297,
6564,
313,
262,
10637,
411,
4223,
12059,
277,
793,
467,
13,
1576,
323,
4717,
6227,
1001,
29889,
13,
29924,
5086,
310,
278,
2706,
1842,
653,
313,
262,
10637,
322,
5332,
29897,
13,
25971,
2085,
2167,
29891,
310,
13803,
29882,
737,
6667,
284,
13,
29924,
28464,
737,
6667,
284,
338,
263,
10637,
2706,
8881,
322,
9227,
29892,
2998,
491,
670,
12298,
376,
7675,
29920,
29974,
7713,
1099,
613,
376,
21322,
624,
3842,
613,
376,
3434,
29885,
1048,
7801,
29895,
344,
4099,
29894,
613,
376,
29923,
280,
561,
1934,
1815,
7412,
8914,
613,
322,
670,
16250,
310,
3273,
15874,
1316,
408,
376,
29979,
2438,
613,
376,
21322,
624,
3842,
613,
376,
3481,
16554,
1642,
940,
884,
5541,
267,
4696,
322,
2436,
12516,
29892,
3704,
363,
670,
1914,
12298,
29889,
15447,
29892,
13803,
29882,
737,
338,
1985,
373,
670,
9281,
2706,
29892,
376,
2772,
11356,
29908,
2861,
304,
2041,
714,
2678,
445,
1629,
29889,
13,
797,
29871,
29906,
29900,
29900,
29953,
29892,
472,
6193,
29963,
5287,
25820,
4623,
4643,
8518,
29892,
13803,
29882,
737,
9132,
670,
937,
2989,
29899,
2848,
2706,
376,
7675,
29920,
29974,
7713,
1099,
29908,
5133,
1259,
278,
15474,
1230,
376,
2772,
2142,
286,
1082,
29908,
3971,
491,
319,
793,
11783,
586,
436,
29889,
450,
5360,
5828,
310,
263,
3741,
272,
1558,
713,
7826,
515,
385,
16404,
5720,
322,
310,
385,
5886,
20767,
376,
5349,
21692,
278,
3186,
29908,
322,
2355,
19679,
472,
1784,
10637,
322,
6121,
29482,
1338,
313,
262,
9556,
29892,
3444,
29892,
18898,
29892,
7400,
29892,
7551,
29892,
322,
916,
10916,
467,
13,
8592,
29482,
1338,
322,
3691,
10947,
13,
29906,
29900,
29900,
29953,
785,
3455,
12654,
424,
310,
14271,
25820,
4623,
4643,
8518,
313,
23002,
423,
29897,
13,
29906,
29900,
29900,
29953,
785,
20604,
29899,
29893,
3993,
14488,
315,
1501,
8262,
4623,
4643,
8518,
29892,
313,
29954,
837,
1384,
29897,
13,
29906,
29900,
29900,
29953,
785,
3455,
12654,
424,
310,
10637,
27306,
15511,
29892,
3681,
313,
16066,
29897,
322,
5115,
313,
29954,
837,
1384,
29897,
13,
29906,
29900,
29900,
29953,
785,
10564,
5221,
424,
29892,
14488,
20939,
3027,
4623,
4643,
8518,
29892,
14124,
4431,
30109,
29892,
313,
7713,
392,
29897,
13,
29906,
29900,
29900,
29953,
785,
6265,
11963,
322,
6407,
19361,
744,
23768,
7526,
29892,
317,
29889,
383,
29889,
26370,
1279,
2679,
20080,
29899,
11457,
374,
13574,
4643,
8518,
376,
13072,
554,
324,
314,
808,
7407,
29908,
29871,
29906,
29900,
29900,
29953,
313,
23002,
423,
29897,
13,
29906,
29900,
29900,
29953,
785,
12630,
435,
2857,
4671,
572,
4125,
322,
6407,
19361,
744,
23768,
7526,
29892,
5488,
4623,
4643,
8518,
376,
29968,
262,
12861,
3873,
613,
530,
14274,
313,
23002,
423,
29897,
13,
29906,
29900,
29900,
29955,
785,
6407,
14771,
7830,
19361,
744,
1528,
280,
322,
6407,
20981,
397,
293,
19361,
744,
1528,
280,
24441,
29892,
360,
2572,
2454,
3012,
8518,
376,
1168,
6236,
362,
613,
323,
369,
29915,
313,
23002,
423,
29897,
13,
29906,
29900,
29900,
29953,
785,
12630,
435,
2857,
7526,
376,
29933,
1997,
293,
7089,
8842,
613,
4623,
4643,
8518,
29892,
317,
5990,
1188,
272,
808,
313,
23002,
423,
29897,
13,
29906,
29900,
29900,
29953,
785,
6407,
7089,
329,
322,
6407,
19040,
5275,
24441,
29892,
376,
1293,
481,
328,
29908,
4643,
8518,
613,
3080,
808,
313,
21140,
26465,
29897,
13,
29906,
29900,
29900,
29955,
785,
6265,
11963,
363,
1900,
2706,
29892,
29871,
29906,
29896,
303,
11680,
18041,
4643,
8518,
313,
16066,
29897,
13,
29906,
29900,
29900,
29955,
785,
6265,
11963,
363,
278,
6407,
4643,
322,
278,
6407,
6125,
7526,
29892,
29871,
29906,
29900,
386,
383,
5690,
29909,
8518,
3457,
279,
18238,
313,
16066,
29897,
13,
29906,
29900,
29900,
29955,
785,
383,
5690,
1525,
7187,
29902,
26836,
29892,
4623,
4643,
8518,
376,
29907,
262,
2603,
29899,
29911,
449,
29899,
29923,
29883,
661,
613,
15350,
345,
313,
10840,
27198,
29897,
13,
29906,
29900,
29900,
29955,
785,
6407,
27208,
23768,
29892,
376,
29896,
29941,
386,
27468,
23535,
5648,
8518,
613,
27468,
23535,
313,
1451,
1099,
29897,
13,
29906,
29900,
29900,
29955,
785,
10564,
5221,
424,
310,
278,
2787,
4643,
8518,
26693,
313,
6028,
1114,
29897,
13,
29906,
29900,
29900,
29955,
785,
7526,
363,
1900,
5305,
29892,
376,
29963,
4244,
27306,
310,
12710,
3850,
4643,
8518,
29892,
624,
29889,
29675,
313,
23002,
423,
29897,
13,
29906,
29900,
29900,
29955,
785,
349,
29889,
9388,
267,
354,
29894,
9862,
363,
278,
1900,
282,
919,
9020,
1855,
2133,
29892,
4623,
4643,
8518,
376,
5592,
14987,
310,
6438,
613,
12217,
424,
29891,
29899,
29924,
550,
19881,
808,
313,
23002,
423,
29897,
13,
29930,
12711,
338,
694,
8323,
363,
445,
11781,
29892,
541,
591,
723,
12853,
738,
1016,
362,
366,
6398,
304,
1207,
7113,
2304,
310,
1749,
14231,
297
] | 2,754 | 0 | CommonCrawl | 16 | 20 |
Home»Author: Cody Bradley (Page 2)
Author: Cody Bradley
Cody Bradley
How to Play Casino Games Online: The Ultimate Guide
By Cody Bradley August 29, 2022 0
Do you love the excitement of casino games? If so, you're in luck – thanks to the internet, you can now play your favorite casino games from the comfort of your own home! Let's understand everything you need to know about playing casino games online by covering everything from finding the best casinos and bonuses to ensuring you're getting the most out of your gaming experience. So whether you're a seasoned pro or a complete beginner, read on for all the info you need to start winning big! Finding a Good Casino: The first thing you need to do if…
History Of Online Slot Games: Things That Will Make You Awed!
Slot games have a long and varied history, with the first mechanical machines dating back to the late 19th century. In the early days, slots were a simple affair, usually featuring just three reels and a handful of symbols.! Today, mwplay888 login online slots are a far cry from their humble beginnings, offering state-of-the-art graphics, immersive gameplay, and huge jackpots. In this article, we'll take a look at the history of online slots, from the earliest machines to the latest releases. The facts to check out: The first slot machine was invented in 1891 by New York-based car mechanic Charles…
The Truth About Online Casinos: What You Need to Know Before Playing.
Casinos have been around for centuries, providing a place for people to gamble and have fun. Online casinos, however, are a relatively new phenomenon, and many people are still unsure about how they work. In this series of blog posts, we will explore everything you need to know about online casinos at tmtplay login. We will start by discussing the basics – what an online casino is, how it works, and the benefits of using one. Then we will move on to more advanced topics, such as choosing the right site, depositing and withdrawing money, and winning big. So whether…
Online Casino Sites And Their Promotions – A Guide For New Players
It can be daunting for new players when they first log onto an online casino site and are bombarded with different games, offers, and promotions. However, with a bit of guidance, it is possible to navigate these waters and find the best deals for you. In this article, we will take a look at some of the most popular promotions offered by online pnxbet casino sites, as well as how to spot the ones that are right for you! Things to look for: The first thing to look out for is the welcome bonus. This is usually a match deposit…
The Benefits of Playing Casino Games Online: Why You Should Give It a Try
When it comes to casino games, there are a lot of different opinions on whether or not people should play them. Some people think that they're nothing more than a waste of time and money, while others believe that they can be a lot of fun and provide some great entertainment value. In this blog post, we're going to take a look at some of the benefits that come with playing casino games online. We'll show you why you should give it a try for yourself! Surprising Benefits Of Casino Games That Are Unknown To Most You may not know…
The Benefits of Playing Online Slot Machines
Online slot machines are a lot of fun and can be pretty addictive. The thrill of winning and the possibility of hitting a big jackpot are very enticing. However, before you start playing online slot machines, you should know a few things. So here are some tips for playing online slot machines: -Choose an online casino that offers a good selection of slots games. There are many different online slot games, so you want to ensure that the casino you choose has a good variety. This way, you can try out different games and find the ones you like best.…
Sit-And-Go Tournaments Vs Cash Games: Which Is Right For You?
By Cody Bradley August 1, 2022 0
You've been playing okbet poker for a while now, and you're ready to take your game to the next level. But what's the best way to do that? Sit-and-go tournaments or cash games? Both have their | -0.310143 | -0.87322 | 0.229905 | -1.465487 | [
-0.3139100094947299,
-0.3063767946352367
] | [
-0.609102531494191,
-1.137337962980558
] | [
0.2882382899871642,
0.17157120281948782
] | [
-1.4784936928165784,
-1.4524799901340495
] | 1,024 | [
512,
512
] | [
8778,
30007,
13720,
29901,
315,
1486,
15862,
2330,
313,
5074,
29871,
29906,
29897,
13,
13720,
29901,
315,
1486,
15862,
2330,
13,
29907,
1486,
15862,
2330,
13,
5328,
304,
7412,
6960,
1789,
12482,
13542,
29901,
450,
18514,
6490,
16886,
13,
2059,
315,
1486,
15862,
2330,
3111,
29871,
29906,
29929,
29892,
29871,
29906,
29900,
29906,
29906,
29871,
29900,
13,
6132,
366,
5360,
278,
29163,
310,
3209,
1789,
8090,
29973,
960,
577,
29892,
366,
29915,
276,
297,
9885,
785,
3969,
304,
278,
8986,
29892,
366,
508,
1286,
1708,
596,
25448,
3209,
1789,
8090,
515,
278,
13016,
310,
596,
1914,
3271,
29991,
2803,
29915,
29879,
2274,
4129,
366,
817,
304,
1073,
1048,
8743,
3209,
1789,
8090,
7395,
491,
21653,
4129,
515,
9138,
278,
1900,
3209,
8226,
322,
10814,
6394,
304,
5662,
3864,
366,
29915,
276,
2805,
278,
1556,
714,
310,
596,
330,
11500,
7271,
29889,
1105,
3692,
366,
29915,
276,
263,
4259,
287,
410,
470,
263,
4866,
26605,
29892,
1303,
373,
363,
599,
278,
5235,
366,
817,
304,
1369,
15613,
4802,
29991,
383,
4015,
263,
7197,
6960,
1789,
29901,
450,
937,
2655,
366,
817,
304,
437,
565,
30098,
13,
20570,
4587,
13542,
317,
8276,
12482,
29901,
28706,
2193,
2811,
8561,
887,
319,
8734,
29991,
13,
29903,
8276,
8090,
505,
263,
1472,
322,
23821,
4955,
29892,
411,
278,
937,
28310,
14884,
270,
1218,
1250,
304,
278,
5683,
29871,
29896,
29929,
386,
6462,
29889,
512,
278,
4688,
3841,
29892,
2243,
1862,
892,
263,
2560,
26195,
29892,
5491,
23425,
925,
2211,
337,
1379,
322,
263,
1361,
1319,
310,
15072,
29889,
29991,
20628,
29892,
286,
29893,
1456,
29947,
29947,
29947,
6464,
7395,
2243,
1862,
526,
263,
2215,
10901,
515,
1009,
3165,
569,
1812,
2559,
886,
29892,
27032,
2106,
29899,
974,
29899,
1552,
29899,
442,
18533,
29892,
5198,
414,
573,
3748,
1456,
29892,
322,
12176,
28015,
29886,
1862,
29889,
512,
445,
4274,
29892,
591,
29915,
645,
2125,
263,
1106,
472,
278,
4955,
310,
7395,
2243,
1862,
29892,
515,
278,
24577,
14884,
304,
278,
9281,
27474,
29889,
450,
17099,
304,
1423,
714,
29901,
450,
937,
21497,
4933,
471,
11817,
287,
297,
29871,
29896,
29947,
29929,
29896,
491,
1570,
3088,
29899,
6707,
1559,
7208,
293,
5322,
30098,
13,
1576,
1605,
2806,
13611,
13542,
6960,
8226,
29901,
1724,
887,
20768,
304,
19320,
10949,
7412,
292,
29889,
13,
29907,
294,
8226,
505,
1063,
2820,
363,
21726,
29892,
13138,
263,
2058,
363,
2305,
304,
24988,
569,
322,
505,
2090,
29889,
13542,
3209,
8226,
29892,
3138,
29892,
526,
263,
13774,
716,
27791,
265,
29892,
322,
1784,
2305,
526,
1603,
9644,
545,
1048,
920,
896,
664,
29889,
512,
445,
3652,
310,
12618,
11803,
29892,
591,
674,
26987,
4129,
366,
817,
304,
1073,
1048,
7395,
3209,
8226,
472,
260,
4378,
1456,
6464,
29889,
1334,
674,
1369,
491,
5353,
292,
278,
2362,
1199,
785,
825,
385,
7395,
3209,
1789,
338,
29892,
920,
372,
1736,
29892,
322,
278,
23633,
310,
773,
697,
29889,
1987,
591,
674,
4337,
373,
304,
901,
12862,
23820,
29892,
1316,
408,
23906,
278,
1492,
3268,
29892,
19754,
11407,
322,
28679,
292,
6909,
29892,
322,
15613,
4802,
29889,
1105,
3692,
30098,
13,
2951,
1220,
6960,
1789,
317,
3246,
1126,
11275,
9705,
327,
1080,
785,
319,
16886,
1152,
1570,
7412,
414,
13,
3112,
508,
367,
1146,
348,
1259,
363,
716,
10769,
746,
896,
937,
1480,
11480,
385,
7395,
3209,
1789,
3268,
322,
526,
13585,
25600,
411,
1422,
8090,
29892,
16688,
29892,
322,
2504,
327,
1080,
29889,
2398,
29892,
411,
263,
2586,
310,
27323,
29892,
372,
338,
1950,
304,
23624,
1438,
19922,
322,
1284,
278,
1900,
316,
1338,
363,
366,
29889,
512,
445,
4274,
29892,
591,
674,
2125,
263,
1106,
472,
777,
310,
278,
1556,
5972,
2504,
327,
1080,
12520,
491,
7395,
282,
23818,
6878,
3209,
1789,
11840,
29892,
408,
1532,
408,
920,
304,
9758,
278,
6743,
393,
526,
1492,
363,
366,
29991,
28706,
304,
1106,
363,
29901,
450,
937,
2655,
304,
1106,
714,
363,
338,
278,
12853,
28920,
29889,
910,
338,
5491,
263,
1993,
19754,
277,
30098,
13,
1576,
4111,
1389,
1169,
310,
7412,
292,
6960,
1789,
12482,
13542,
29901,
3750,
887,
10575,
25538,
739,
263,
3967,
13,
10401,
372,
5304,
304,
3209,
1789,
8090,
29892,
727,
526,
263,
3287,
310,
1422,
26971,
373,
3692,
470,
451,
2305,
881,
1708,
963,
29889,
3834,
2305,
1348,
393,
896,
29915,
276,
3078,
901,
1135,
263,
19863,
310,
931,
322,
6909,
29892,
1550,
4045,
4658,
393,
896,
508,
367,
263,
3287,
310,
2090,
322,
3867,
777,
2107,
22684,
358,
995,
29889,
512,
445,
12618,
1400,
29892,
591,
29915,
276,
2675,
304,
2125,
263,
1106,
472,
777,
310,
278,
23633,
393,
2041,
411,
8743,
3209,
1789,
8090,
7395,
29889,
1334,
29915,
645,
1510,
366,
2020,
366,
881,
2367,
372,
263,
1018,
363,
7535,
29991,
6298,
558,
5921,
4111,
1389,
1169,
4587,
6960,
1789,
12482,
2193,
4683,
853,
5203,
1763,
7849,
887,
1122,
451,
1073,
30098,
13,
1576,
4111,
1389,
1169,
310,
7412,
292,
13542,
317,
8276,
17197,
1475,
13,
2951,
1220,
21497,
14884,
526,
263,
3287,
310,
2090,
322,
508,
367,
5051,
788,
919,
573,
29889,
450,
1468,
453,
310,
15613,
322,
278,
13331,
310,
29425,
263,
4802,
28015,
17765,
526,
1407,
875,
18499,
29889,
2398,
29892,
1434,
366,
1369,
8743,
7395,
21497,
14884,
29892,
366,
881,
1073,
263,
2846,
2712,
29889,
1105,
1244,
526,
777,
25562,
363,
8743,
7395,
21497,
14884,
29901,
448,
15954,
852,
385,
7395,
3209,
1789,
393,
16688,
263,
1781,
9262,
310,
2243,
1862,
8090,
29889,
1670,
526,
1784,
1422,
7395,
21497,
8090,
29892,
577,
366,
864,
304,
9801,
393,
278,
3209,
1789,
366,
6755,
756,
263,
1781,
12875,
29889,
910,
982,
29892,
366,
508,
1018,
714,
1422,
8090,
322,
1284,
278,
6743,
366,
763,
1900,
29889,
30098,
13,
29903,
277,
29899,
2855,
29899,
8120,
23720,
20060,
478,
29879,
315,
1161,
12482,
29901,
8449,
1317,
10428,
1152,
887,
29973,
13,
2059,
315,
1486,
15862,
2330,
3111,
29871,
29896,
29892,
29871,
29906,
29900,
29906,
29906,
29871,
29900,
13,
3492,
29915,
345,
1063,
8743,
3431,
6878,
11293,
261,
363,
263,
1550,
1286,
29892,
322,
366,
29915,
276,
7960,
304,
2125,
596,
3748,
304,
278,
2446,
3233,
29889,
1205,
825,
29915,
29879,
278,
1900,
982,
304,
437,
393,
29973,
21988,
29899,
392,
29899,
1484,
14743,
29879,
470,
274,
1161,
8090,
29973,
9134,
505,
1009
] | 2,763 | 0 | CommonCrawl | 0 | 3 |
South West Ireland All Destinations
Explore South West Ireland
South West Ireland Tours
All South West Ireland Tours
Blarney Stone (Stone of Eloquence) Tours & Tickets
Gap of Dunloe (Bearna an Choimín) Tours & Tickets
Jameson Distillery Midleton Tours & Tickets
Ladies View Tours & Tickets
Connor Pass (An Chonair) Tours & Tickets
Killarney National Park Tours & Tickets
Ross Castle Tours & Tickets
How to Spend 3 Days in Cork
How to Spend 1 Day in Cork
How to Spend 3 Days in Killarney
Gap of Dunloe Tours from Killarney
How to Spend 1 Day in Killarney
South West Ireland Tours, Tickets, & Excursions
You are viewing Virtual Experiences in South West Ireland. See more Virtual Experiences around the globe. 🌎
US$500+
Killarney National Park Horseback Ride. Co Kerry. Guided. 2 hours.
Follow the riding trail into the Knockreer Estate north of Lough Lein, taking in the essence of Killarney National Park. The stables are open all year from 9am daily, offering hacking, trekking and trail riding into the Killarney National Park for one, two and three hours. The park was designated a UNESCO Biosphere Reserve in 1981, and forms part of a Special Area of Conservation. Your trail will take you past Lough Lein, the largest of the three lakes in Killarney and across areas of stunning natural beauty. Expect amazing views of soaring mountains, and rolling hills with the unique ecosystem including numerous species of fauna and flora. All groups are guided, and all levels of experience catered for. For clients who come un-equipped, we can provide riding hats and boots.
iconEnglish
Ring of Kerry Private Tour from Killorglin
Marvel at some of Ireland's most beautiful landscapes on this private Ring of Kerry tour from Killorglin. Head deep into the Iveragh Peninsula with your private guide and discover famous landmarks including Cahergall Fort, Leacanabuiaile Fort and Ballycarbery Castle. Pass through quaint villages such as Kenmare, Sneem and Waterville, and enjoy an altogether more relaxed pace of life in the Irish countryside. Admire top attractions like the Torc Waterfalls and Cromwell's Bridge, and enjoy the freedom to plan your own route with your private guide.
Cobh (Cork) to Blarney Castle & Kinsale - Shore Excursion
Make the most of your time in port on a shore excursion from Cobh and discover county highlights, including Blarney Castle, Kinsale, and Cobh Cathedral. Enjoy round-trip transportation for seamless transfer between dispersed locations, and gain insight into the region from your guide's on-board commentary. Benefit from tailored departure times according to the duration your docking.
Full-Day Ring of Kerry Tour from Killarney
The Ring of Kerry is one of Ireland's most popular sightseeing routes, but with so many tours to choose from it can be hard to know which is best. This full-day Ring of Kerry coach tour is run by one of the longest-running and award-winning operators, so you can be sure to check off all the highlights, including the Killarney National Park, Dingle Bay, Molls Gap, and Sneem.
Dolphin and Whale Watching Tour from Dingle
Experience the thrill of observing whales and dolphins on this 4-hour cruise around Dingle Bay. Marvel over the startling coastal scenery as you drive along Ireland's Wild Atlantic Way, then hop aboard for a memorable cruise around the bay. Glide past Slea Head, the westernmost point of Europe, then cruise out to the Blasket Islands and look out for humpbacks whales, dolphins, seals, basking sharks and puffins.
Cliffs of Moher Private Tour from Cork
See for yourself what makes the Cliffs of Moher Ireland's top natural attraction on a private, full-day tour from Cork. | 0.380259 | -0.365129 | -0.300487 | -1.230063 | [
-0.108287485716291,
0.8688047234456997
] | [
-0.5052460737782274,
-0.2250127008032564
] | [
-0.43776070352908286,
-0.1632126125312357
] | [
-1.4368717685245322,
-1.0232538958723236
] | 1,024 | [
512,
512
] | [
4275,
3122,
12126,
2178,
15435,
262,
800,
13,
1252,
572,
487,
4275,
3122,
12126,
13,
29903,
2438,
3122,
12126,
323,
2470,
13,
3596,
4275,
3122,
12126,
323,
2470,
13,
29933,
4675,
3801,
15681,
313,
855,
650,
310,
382,
417,
3910,
29897,
323,
2470,
669,
323,
860,
1691,
13,
29954,
481,
310,
11566,
417,
29872,
313,
29933,
799,
1056,
385,
14542,
326,
3642,
29897,
323,
2470,
669,
323,
860,
1691,
13,
29470,
265,
6652,
19486,
13370,
11285,
323,
2470,
669,
323,
860,
1691,
13,
29931,
328,
583,
4533,
323,
2470,
669,
323,
860,
1691,
13,
1168,
15459,
6978,
313,
2744,
678,
265,
1466,
29897,
323,
2470,
669,
323,
860,
1691,
13,
29968,
453,
279,
3801,
3086,
4815,
323,
2470,
669,
323,
860,
1691,
13,
29934,
2209,
15194,
323,
2470,
669,
323,
860,
1691,
13,
5328,
304,
1706,
355,
29871,
29941,
24728,
297,
315,
548,
13,
5328,
304,
1706,
355,
29871,
29896,
8373,
297,
315,
548,
13,
5328,
304,
1706,
355,
29871,
29941,
24728,
297,
29021,
279,
3801,
13,
29954,
481,
310,
11566,
417,
29872,
323,
2470,
515,
29021,
279,
3801,
13,
5328,
304,
1706,
355,
29871,
29896,
8373,
297,
29021,
279,
3801,
13,
29903,
2438,
3122,
12126,
323,
2470,
29892,
323,
860,
1691,
29892,
669,
1222,
29883,
1295,
1080,
13,
3492,
526,
1776,
292,
19181,
28224,
819,
778,
297,
4275,
3122,
12126,
29889,
2823,
901,
19181,
28224,
819,
778,
2820,
278,
15482,
915,
29889,
29871,
243,
162,
143,
145,
13,
3308,
29938,
29945,
29900,
29900,
29974,
13,
29968,
453,
279,
3801,
3086,
4815,
6912,
344,
1627,
390,
680,
29889,
3189,
12693,
719,
29889,
2088,
2618,
29889,
29871,
29906,
6199,
29889,
13,
29943,
2952,
278,
364,
4821,
26203,
964,
278,
24133,
384,
276,
261,
2661,
403,
6641,
310,
365,
820,
951,
262,
29892,
5622,
297,
278,
3686,
663,
310,
29021,
279,
3801,
3086,
4815,
29889,
450,
380,
1849,
526,
1722,
599,
1629,
515,
29871,
29929,
314,
14218,
29892,
27032,
15833,
292,
29892,
2578,
6859,
292,
322,
26203,
364,
4821,
964,
278,
29021,
279,
3801,
3086,
4815,
363,
697,
29892,
1023,
322,
2211,
6199,
29889,
450,
14089,
471,
25373,
263,
8291,
2890,
3217,
350,
2363,
9085,
27811,
297,
29871,
29896,
29929,
29947,
29896,
29892,
322,
7190,
760,
310,
263,
12630,
18320,
310,
15312,
362,
29889,
3575,
26203,
674,
2125,
366,
4940,
365,
820,
951,
262,
29892,
278,
10150,
310,
278,
2211,
425,
10794,
297,
29021,
279,
3801,
322,
4822,
10161,
310,
380,
27389,
5613,
15409,
29889,
1222,
1103,
21863,
292,
8386,
310,
577,
4362,
19223,
29892,
322,
27777,
22696,
411,
278,
5412,
321,
3944,
973,
3704,
12727,
6606,
310,
2258,
4347,
322,
1652,
2207,
29889,
2178,
6471,
526,
1410,
2618,
29892,
322,
599,
11174,
310,
7271,
274,
1008,
287,
363,
29889,
1152,
13154,
1058,
2041,
443,
29899,
1686,
16242,
29892,
591,
508,
3867,
364,
4821,
298,
1446,
322,
1045,
1862,
29889,
13,
4144,
24636,
13,
29934,
292,
310,
12693,
719,
12230,
6371,
515,
29021,
990,
1915,
13,
7083,
955,
472,
777,
310,
12126,
29915,
29879,
1556,
9560,
2982,
1557,
11603,
373,
445,
2024,
17716,
310,
12693,
719,
6282,
515,
29021,
990,
1915,
29889,
12252,
6483,
964,
278,
306,
369,
21705,
7363,
1144,
2497,
411,
596,
2024,
10754,
322,
6523,
13834,
2982,
22848,
3704,
315,
801,
15064,
497,
7236,
29892,
951,
562,
273,
370,
29884,
423,
488,
7236,
322,
350,
635,
4287,
495,
29891,
15194,
29889,
6978,
1549,
439,
2365,
18481,
1316,
408,
10015,
29885,
598,
29892,
317,
484,
331,
322,
13062,
4909,
29892,
322,
13389,
385,
19148,
901,
26681,
287,
27725,
310,
2834,
297,
278,
12601,
2613,
509,
952,
680,
29889,
2087,
29885,
533,
2246,
19650,
1953,
763,
278,
4794,
29883,
13062,
12559,
322,
315,
456,
5872,
29915,
29879,
16230,
29892,
322,
13389,
278,
16082,
304,
3814,
596,
1914,
5782,
411,
596,
2024,
10754,
29889,
13,
29907,
711,
29882,
313,
29907,
548,
29897,
304,
3164,
279,
3801,
15194,
669,
476,
1144,
744,
448,
1383,
487,
1222,
29883,
1295,
291,
13,
9984,
278,
1556,
310,
596,
931,
297,
2011,
373,
263,
19055,
5566,
1295,
291,
515,
24991,
29882,
322,
6523,
15178,
12141,
29879,
29892,
3704,
3164,
279,
3801,
15194,
29892,
476,
1144,
744,
29892,
322,
24991,
29882,
315,
21471,
29889,
1174,
2212,
29891,
4513,
29899,
3626,
29886,
8608,
362,
363,
409,
314,
2222,
6782,
1546,
29106,
287,
14354,
29892,
322,
11581,
25483,
964,
278,
5120,
515,
596,
10754,
29915,
29879,
373,
29899,
3377,
3440,
653,
29889,
4111,
1389,
277,
515,
12464,
4395,
25619,
3064,
5034,
304,
278,
14385,
596,
23630,
292,
29889,
13,
13658,
29899,
12742,
17716,
310,
12693,
719,
6371,
515,
29021,
279,
3801,
13,
1576,
17716,
310,
12693,
719,
338,
697,
310,
12126,
29915,
29879,
1556,
5972,
11126,
4149,
292,
12049,
29892,
541,
411,
577,
1784,
260,
2470,
304,
6755,
515,
372,
508,
367,
2898,
304,
1073,
607,
338,
1900,
29889,
910,
2989,
29899,
3250,
17716,
310,
12693,
719,
11182,
6282,
338,
1065,
491,
697,
310,
278,
27217,
29899,
21094,
322,
9862,
29899,
5080,
1076,
12768,
29892,
577,
366,
508,
367,
1854,
304,
1423,
1283,
599,
278,
12141,
29879,
29892,
3704,
278,
29021,
279,
3801,
3086,
4815,
29892,
360,
292,
280,
6211,
29892,
341,
3028,
29879,
402,
481,
29892,
322,
317,
484,
331,
29889,
13,
29928,
22138,
262,
322,
806,
744,
24274,
292,
6371,
515,
360,
292,
280,
13,
1252,
546,
5597,
278,
1468,
453,
310,
5366,
1747,
377,
2122,
322,
8828,
561,
1144,
373,
445,
29871,
29946,
29899,
18721,
7618,
895,
2820,
360,
292,
280,
6211,
29889,
25791,
975,
278,
1369,
1847,
12180,
284,
5763,
708,
408,
366,
7899,
3412,
12126,
29915,
29879,
11821,
19948,
5307,
29892,
769,
8171,
633,
29877,
538,
363,
263,
26959,
519,
7618,
895,
2820,
278,
23041,
29889,
402,
7459,
4940,
317,
20774,
12252,
29892,
278,
15782,
3242,
1298,
310,
4092,
29892,
769,
7618,
895,
714,
304,
278,
3164,
7896,
17839,
322,
1106,
714,
363,
3165,
29886,
1627,
29879,
377,
2122,
29892,
8828,
561,
1144,
29892,
409,
1338,
29892,
289,
1278,
292,
528,
17862,
322,
2653,
600,
1144,
29889,
13,
6821,
28324,
310,
12929,
261,
12230,
6371,
515,
315,
548,
13,
13393,
363,
7535,
825,
3732,
278,
2233,
28324,
310,
12929,
261,
12126,
29915,
29879,
2246,
5613,
1098,
13857,
373,
263,
2024,
29892,
2989,
29899,
3250,
6282,
515,
315,
548,
29889
] | 2,765 | 0 | CommonCrawl | 1 | 6 |
These spectacular, emerald sea cliffs tower 700 feet (214 meters) above the Atlantic seaboard, making for unforgettable views and photographs. On the way to the coast, hear local legends and history from your private guide as you pass through towns like Limerick, Kilfenora and Doolin and visit the majestic Bunratty Castle.
Blarney Castle, Cork City and Cobh Private Tour from Killarney
Get to know southwest Ireland with a private guide during this full-day tour from Killarney. Limited to nine people, this private tour includes historic castles, dramatic coastlines, and the chance to kiss the famous Blarney Stone at Blarney Castle. See where the Titanic set sail from Cobh and explore the city of Cork on foot.
Skip the Line: Medieval Banquet at Bunratty Castle Ticket
Enjoy a night of medieval enchantment at Bunratty Castle in Ireland, with a 4-course feast fit for a king included. Be welcomed by a kilted piper as you cross over the drawbridge and into the castle. Witness a crowning before making your way to the banquet room with long oak tables, bench seating, and candlelight. Listen to wonderful harp and fiddle music while you eat and drink wine, and then end the night with more medieval-themed surprises and music.
Cliffs of Moher Private Tour from Limerick
Stand in awe atop the mighty Cliffs of Moher, one of Ireland's most famous natural wonders, on this private full-day tour from Limerick. Hike along the 700-foot (213 meter) high cliffs; take a cruise beneath the cliffs (optional) and admire spectacular views over the Atlantic Coast, Galway Bay and the Aran Islands. Your private tour can be customised to your preferences so you could also visit the Irish folk music capital of Doolin, explore the otherworldly landscapes of The Burren or visit Bunratty Castle.
Cliffs of Moher Day Tour from Cork: Including The Wild Altanic Way
Marvel over the mighty Cliffs of Moher and the wild landscape of the Burren on a full-day tour from Cork. Enjoy dramatic views along the Atlantic coast as you stand atop the 702-foot (214-meter) high sea cliffs, then walk the vast karst plain of the Burren. That's not all: pay a visit to Ireland's 2014 City of Culture, Limerick, and pose for photos in front of the medieval Bunratty Castle.
From Limerick: Aran Islands & Cliffs of Moher, including Cliffs of Moher Cruise
Our unique fully guided tour takes you from Limerick to the Aran Islands and the Cliffs of Moher in a single day.
Killarney National Park Tour
~~SPECTACULAR VIEWS GUARANTEED~~ This is a private tour of Killarney National Park which brings you along park routes via traditional Jaunting car, the routes we take which are inside the park are not accessible by car, these routes are some of the most breathtaking and picturesque in the region with mountain views across the famous lakes of Killarney. We have blankets onboard to keep you warm on those colder days as you tour the park and view the beautiful landscapes. We are the only jaunting car tour operator who focuses on small private tours and rest assured you will not be dissapointed with the panoramic views across the lakes and mountains in Killarney National Park.
The Ring of Kerry Day Trip including Killarney Lakes and National Park
Discover the Ring of Kerry on this incredible full-day tour that showcases one of Ireland's most stunning destinations. Spend time exploring the MacGillycuddy Reeks and the shores of Dingle Bay, and then admire the coastal views of Kenmare Bay on this guided tour of must-see Ireland. You also pass through Ladies View and the Lakes of Killarney on this journey from Killarney to Ring of Kerry.
Jaunting Car Tour to Ross Castle from Killarney
Do as the tourists of bygone years did, and explore Killarney by horse and carriage. The equivalent to a modern taxi, the jaunting car was popular in Ireland through the 19th and early 20th centuries. On this tour, | 0.950985 | 0.056004 | -0.059227 | -0.918549 | [
1.1975268264054022,
0.7044436719658485
] | [
0.3273962165307918,
-0.21538807217871667
] | [
0.16142623871795075,
-0.2798796996989121
] | [
-0.8242490703509779,
-1.012848414799312
] | 1,024 | [
512,
512
] | [
4525,
6683,
562,
1070,
29892,
11176,
2741,
7205,
1067,
28324,
19372,
29871,
29955,
29900,
29900,
6900,
313,
29906,
29896,
29946,
27881,
29897,
2038,
278,
19948,
409,
370,
29877,
538,
29892,
3907,
363,
443,
1454,
657,
2371,
8386,
322,
17739,
29879,
29889,
1551,
278,
982,
304,
278,
12180,
29892,
8293,
1887,
2814,
1975,
322,
4955,
515,
596,
2024,
10754,
408,
366,
1209,
1549,
20248,
763,
365,
4193,
860,
29892,
12400,
11350,
2207,
322,
360,
1507,
262,
322,
6493,
278,
10067,
15931,
27105,
3605,
1017,
15194,
29889,
13,
29933,
4675,
3801,
15194,
29892,
315,
548,
4412,
322,
24991,
29882,
12230,
6371,
515,
29021,
279,
3801,
13,
2577,
304,
1073,
7062,
5933,
12126,
411,
263,
2024,
10754,
2645,
445,
2989,
29899,
3250,
6282,
515,
29021,
279,
3801,
29889,
28873,
304,
14183,
2305,
29892,
445,
2024,
6282,
7805,
22879,
4320,
793,
29892,
8541,
2454,
12180,
9012,
29892,
322,
278,
8825,
304,
20057,
278,
13834,
3164,
279,
3801,
15681,
472,
3164,
279,
3801,
15194,
29889,
2823,
988,
278,
323,
8929,
293,
731,
14892,
515,
24991,
29882,
322,
26987,
278,
4272,
310,
315,
548,
373,
3661,
29889,
13,
15797,
666,
278,
7407,
29901,
3436,
16837,
10765,
12621,
472,
27105,
3605,
1017,
15194,
323,
8522,
13,
2369,
2212,
29891,
263,
4646,
310,
27690,
427,
13775,
358,
472,
27105,
3605,
1017,
15194,
297,
12126,
29892,
411,
263,
29871,
29946,
29899,
15775,
1238,
579,
6216,
363,
263,
6989,
5134,
29889,
1522,
5476,
510,
287,
491,
263,
413,
2782,
287,
2930,
546,
408,
366,
4891,
975,
278,
4216,
18419,
322,
964,
278,
20610,
29889,
24363,
2264,
263,
11660,
1076,
1434,
3907,
596,
982,
304,
278,
9892,
12621,
5716,
411,
1472,
288,
557,
6131,
29892,
3856,
305,
409,
1218,
29892,
322,
23794,
280,
4366,
29889,
2391,
264,
304,
20695,
4023,
29886,
322,
18243,
4696,
1550,
366,
17545,
322,
13748,
19006,
29892,
322,
769,
1095,
278,
4646,
411,
901,
27690,
29899,
386,
22580,
11468,
4637,
322,
4696,
29889,
13,
6821,
28324,
310,
12929,
261,
12230,
6371,
515,
365,
4193,
860,
13,
11042,
297,
263,
705,
472,
459,
278,
27977,
2233,
28324,
310,
12929,
261,
29892,
697,
310,
12126,
29915,
29879,
1556,
13834,
5613,
281,
18452,
29892,
373,
445,
2024,
2989,
29899,
3250,
6282,
515,
365,
4193,
860,
29889,
6324,
446,
3412,
278,
29871,
29955,
29900,
29900,
29899,
6661,
313,
29906,
29896,
29941,
11134,
29897,
1880,
1067,
28324,
29936,
2125,
263,
7618,
895,
19540,
278,
1067,
28324,
313,
25253,
29897,
322,
7336,
533,
6683,
562,
1070,
8386,
975,
278,
19948,
17700,
29892,
5208,
1582,
6211,
322,
278,
319,
661,
17839,
29889,
3575,
2024,
6282,
508,
367,
2888,
3368,
304,
596,
5821,
2063,
577,
366,
1033,
884,
6493,
278,
12601,
19589,
4696,
7483,
310,
360,
1507,
262,
29892,
26987,
278,
916,
11526,
368,
2982,
1557,
11603,
310,
450,
350,
1038,
264,
470,
6493,
27105,
3605,
1017,
15194,
29889,
13,
6821,
28324,
310,
12929,
261,
8373,
6371,
515,
315,
548,
29901,
512,
22368,
450,
11821,
10790,
273,
293,
5307,
13,
7083,
955,
975,
278,
27977,
2233,
28324,
310,
12929,
261,
322,
278,
8775,
24400,
310,
278,
350,
1038,
264,
373,
263,
2989,
29899,
3250,
6282,
515,
315,
548,
29889,
1174,
2212,
29891,
8541,
2454,
8386,
3412,
278,
19948,
12180,
408,
366,
2317,
472,
459,
278,
29871,
29955,
29900,
29906,
29899,
6661,
313,
29906,
29896,
29946,
29899,
29391,
29897,
1880,
7205,
1067,
28324,
29892,
769,
6686,
278,
13426,
10856,
303,
8656,
310,
278,
350,
1038,
264,
29889,
2193,
29915,
29879,
451,
599,
29901,
5146,
263,
6493,
304,
12126,
29915,
29879,
29871,
29906,
29900,
29896,
29946,
4412,
310,
14062,
29892,
365,
4193,
860,
29892,
322,
18593,
363,
20612,
297,
4565,
310,
278,
27690,
27105,
3605,
1017,
15194,
29889,
13,
4591,
365,
4193,
860,
29901,
319,
661,
17839,
669,
2233,
28324,
310,
12929,
261,
29892,
3704,
2233,
28324,
310,
12929,
261,
11263,
895,
13,
29949,
332,
5412,
8072,
1410,
2618,
6282,
4893,
366,
515,
365,
4193,
860,
304,
278,
319,
661,
17839,
322,
278,
2233,
28324,
310,
12929,
261,
297,
263,
2323,
2462,
29889,
13,
29968,
453,
279,
3801,
3086,
4815,
6371,
13,
7377,
29903,
4162,
1783,
2477,
13309,
1718,
5473,
29923,
7811,
402,
29965,
1718,
2190,
4330,
3352,
7377,
910,
338,
263,
2024,
6282,
310,
29021,
279,
3801,
3086,
4815,
607,
23522,
366,
3412,
14089,
12049,
3025,
13807,
14021,
348,
1259,
1559,
29892,
278,
12049,
591,
2125,
607,
526,
2768,
278,
14089,
526,
451,
15579,
491,
1559,
29892,
1438,
12049,
526,
777,
310,
278,
1556,
2078,
271,
400,
5086,
322,
14956,
802,
297,
278,
5120,
411,
14378,
8386,
4822,
278,
13834,
425,
10794,
310,
29021,
279,
3801,
29889,
1334,
505,
9654,
1691,
373,
3377,
304,
3013,
366,
14294,
373,
1906,
784,
672,
3841,
408,
366,
6282,
278,
14089,
322,
1776,
278,
9560,
2982,
1557,
11603,
29889,
1334,
526,
278,
871,
12337,
348,
1259,
1559,
6282,
5455,
1058,
8569,
267,
373,
2319,
2024,
260,
2470,
322,
1791,
28715,
366,
674,
451,
367,
16317,
481,
2461,
287,
411,
278,
7243,
272,
314,
293,
8386,
4822,
278,
425,
10794,
322,
19223,
297,
29021,
279,
3801,
3086,
4815,
29889,
13,
1576,
17716,
310,
12693,
719,
8373,
323,
6472,
3704,
29021,
279,
3801,
365,
6926,
322,
3086,
4815,
13,
4205,
11911,
278,
17716,
310,
12693,
719,
373,
445,
29811,
1821,
2989,
29899,
3250,
6282,
393,
1510,
11436,
697,
310,
12126,
29915,
29879,
1556,
380,
27389,
15422,
800,
29889,
1706,
355,
931,
3902,
8253,
278,
4326,
29954,
9403,
29883,
566,
4518,
830,
14541,
322,
278,
528,
2361,
310,
360,
292,
280,
6211,
29892,
322,
769,
7336,
533,
278,
12180,
284,
8386,
310,
10015,
29885,
598,
6211,
373,
445,
1410,
2618,
6282,
310,
1818,
29899,
4149,
12126,
29889,
887,
884,
1209,
1549,
19955,
583,
4533,
322,
278,
365,
6926,
310,
29021,
279,
3801,
373,
445,
16342,
515,
29021,
279,
3801,
304,
17716,
310,
12693,
719,
29889,
13,
29967,
29874,
348,
1259,
1704,
6371,
304,
13693,
15194,
515,
29021,
279,
3801,
13,
6132,
408,
278,
6282,
2879,
310,
491,
29887,
650,
2440,
1258,
29892,
322,
26987,
29021,
279,
3801,
491,
10435,
322,
23840,
29889,
450,
7126,
304,
263,
5400,
8818,
29875,
29892,
278,
12337,
348,
1259,
1559,
471,
5972,
297,
12126,
1549,
278,
29871,
29896,
29929,
386,
322,
4688,
29871,
29906,
29900,
386,
21726,
29889,
1551,
445,
6282,
29892
] | 2,765 | 1,024 | CommonCrawl | 1 | 6 |
you'll learn about the area's history, hearing tales of the Gaelic chieftains as you ride around Killarney National Park. Ross Castle, St. Mary's Cathedral, and Killarney House Gadens are a few of the landmarks on the route.
The Gap of Dunloe Full-Day Tour from Killarney
Spend the day exploring Ireland's most stunning natural landscapes on this full-day tour of the Gap of Dunloe from Killarney. Follow your guide on a seven-mile (11 kilometer) adventure that covers some of the nation's vast emerald scenery. Enjoy ample time for hiking, take an optional Jaunting Cart ride, and kick back and relax during a boat ride on the Gearhameen River. This tour also includes a stop at the Ross Castle.
Killarney Valley & National Park Tour
Explore Killarney National Park (the oldest national park in Ireland) and the scenery of the surrounding valley on this seamless, private tour. After pickup in the morning from your Killarney accommodation, board your vehicle and head into nature. You'll visit the 15th-century Ross Castle, can dine in an opulent stately home, will discover Ladies' View (a panoramic scenic overlook named for Queen Victoria), encounter Torc Waterfall, and much more.
Skip the Line: Bunratty Castle and Folk Park Admission Ticket
Step back to medieval and Victorian times with a full-day admission ticket to Bunratty Castle and Folk Park near Shannon Town. Explore the 15th-century castle to see its rich furnishings, chambers and artworks, and wander through the folk park, a recreation of a 19th-century Irish village brought to life with costumed animators. See the replica cottages, shops, farmhouses, and Bunratty Walled Garden, and learn about traditional village life over a century ago.
Dingle Peninsula and Slea Head Half-Day Small-Group Tour
Travelers that want to explore West Kerry Gaeltacht typically need to rent a car and plan an itinerary, which means that you're worried about driving rather than enjoying the sights. Leave the driving to your guide on this small-group tour that's perfect for seeing the best of West Kerry's bucolic beauty. Highlights include views of the Blasket Islands, a stroll on Coumeenole Beach, and even the chance to hold a baby lamb.
Dingle Peninsula Four Hour Private Tour
Immerse yourself in the culture, history, music, and architecture of the Dingle Peninsula on this private tour. You'll enjoy personalized attention and a flexible itinerary; you can focus on parts of the landscape and history that interest you. The peninsula is known for its epic scenery, and since this tour includes all transportation, you'll be able to take it all instead of driving or directions.
Ring of Kerry Day Tour from Cork: Including Killarney National Park
Capture the wild spirit of the Ring of Kerry on an exhilarating full-day tour of the region's natural highlights from Cork. Travel through the magical landscapes of Kerry and visit an array of quaint villages, blissful beaches, and sweeping valleys. Admire the colorful houses and ancient traditions of Sneem Village; absorb the coastal splendor of Dingle Bay; and gaze at magnificent views of mountains, lakes, and valleys in Killarney National Park. Receive an interesting introduction to the history and culture of Ireland from your expert guide on this enriching tour.
Killarney National Park Horseback Ride. Co Kerry. Guided. 1 hour.
Skip a tour by foot, and saddle up for a horseback ride through Killarney National Park, that's suitable for all abilities. You'll be at one with nature, as you ride past scenic Lough Lein, along trails that lend themselves to rugged mountain views. Led by a guide, the ride is limited to just 16 people for a small-group experience where assistance is always close by.
Ring Of Kerry Tour
Enjoy traveling in a small group on board a minibus around the scenic Ring of Kerry on this full-day tour. A smaller bus can navigate the famously narrow roads much better, and you have a better chance of good | 0.841411 | -0.105488 | 0.295847 | -1.057072 | [
0.8468899165817195,
0.8359325131497294
] | [
0.22353975881482813,
-0.4345162448164935
] | [
0.40997785920560914,
0.1817161669210249
] | [
-0.9296045662152197,
-1.1845388525040024
] | 1,024 | [
512,
512
] | [
366,
29915,
645,
5110,
1048,
278,
4038,
29915,
29879,
4955,
29892,
22514,
29763,
310,
278,
402,
4271,
293,
521,
347,
615,
2708,
408,
366,
22203,
2820,
29021,
279,
3801,
3086,
4815,
29889,
13693,
15194,
29892,
624,
29889,
6182,
29915,
29879,
315,
21471,
29892,
322,
29021,
279,
3801,
5619,
402,
328,
575,
526,
263,
2846,
310,
278,
2982,
22848,
373,
278,
5782,
29889,
13,
1576,
402,
481,
310,
11566,
417,
29872,
14846,
29899,
12742,
6371,
515,
29021,
279,
3801,
13,
5592,
355,
278,
2462,
3902,
8253,
12126,
29915,
29879,
1556,
380,
27389,
5613,
2982,
1557,
11603,
373,
445,
2989,
29899,
3250,
6282,
310,
278,
402,
481,
310,
11566,
417,
29872,
515,
29021,
279,
3801,
29889,
10306,
596,
10754,
373,
263,
9881,
29899,
26763,
313,
29896,
29896,
23836,
29897,
17623,
545,
393,
18469,
777,
310,
278,
5233,
29915,
29879,
13426,
11176,
2741,
5763,
708,
29889,
1174,
2212,
29891,
626,
552,
931,
363,
298,
638,
292,
29892,
2125,
385,
13136,
14021,
348,
1259,
12370,
22203,
29892,
322,
24817,
1250,
322,
26681,
2645,
263,
13006,
22203,
373,
278,
402,
799,
29882,
420,
264,
6163,
29889,
910,
6282,
884,
7805,
263,
5040,
472,
278,
13693,
15194,
29889,
13,
29968,
453,
279,
3801,
13939,
669,
3086,
4815,
6371,
13,
1252,
572,
487,
29021,
279,
3801,
3086,
4815,
313,
1552,
23947,
4797,
14089,
297,
12126,
29897,
322,
278,
5763,
708,
310,
278,
18830,
19599,
373,
445,
409,
314,
2222,
29892,
2024,
6282,
29889,
2860,
5839,
786,
297,
278,
7250,
515,
596,
29021,
279,
3801,
24803,
362,
29892,
7613,
596,
19716,
322,
2343,
964,
5469,
29889,
887,
29915,
645,
6493,
278,
29871,
29896,
29945,
386,
29899,
27371,
13693,
15194,
29892,
508,
270,
457,
297,
385,
1015,
352,
296,
1002,
873,
3271,
29892,
674,
6523,
19955,
583,
29915,
4533,
313,
29874,
7243,
272,
314,
293,
5763,
293,
975,
6914,
4257,
363,
10470,
14212,
511,
11735,
4794,
29883,
13062,
11950,
29892,
322,
1568,
901,
29889,
13,
15797,
666,
278,
7407,
29901,
27105,
3605,
1017,
15194,
322,
8301,
29895,
4815,
2087,
6737,
323,
8522,
13,
14448,
1250,
304,
27690,
322,
12684,
713,
3064,
411,
263,
2989,
29899,
3250,
594,
6737,
23381,
304,
27105,
3605,
1017,
15194,
322,
8301,
29895,
4815,
2978,
1383,
23453,
8421,
29889,
1222,
572,
487,
278,
29871,
29896,
29945,
386,
29899,
27371,
20610,
304,
1074,
967,
8261,
15252,
728,
886,
29892,
521,
1117,
414,
322,
1616,
13129,
29892,
322,
281,
3825,
1549,
278,
19589,
14089,
29892,
263,
28709,
362,
310,
263,
29871,
29896,
29929,
386,
29899,
27371,
12601,
5720,
6296,
304,
2834,
411,
3438,
21571,
3778,
4097,
29889,
2823,
278,
1634,
10123,
274,
1501,
1179,
29892,
528,
3554,
29892,
17888,
29882,
23676,
29892,
322,
27105,
3605,
1017,
399,
4212,
19906,
29892,
322,
5110,
1048,
13807,
5720,
2834,
975,
263,
6462,
8020,
29889,
13,
29928,
292,
280,
7363,
1144,
2497,
322,
317,
20774,
12252,
28144,
29899,
12742,
18285,
29899,
4782,
6371,
13,
5323,
955,
414,
393,
864,
304,
26987,
3122,
12693,
719,
10415,
2152,
5860,
12234,
817,
304,
23990,
263,
1559,
322,
3814,
385,
372,
4983,
653,
29892,
607,
2794,
393,
366,
29915,
276,
6365,
1255,
1048,
19500,
3265,
1135,
11418,
5414,
278,
269,
5861,
29889,
951,
1351,
278,
19500,
304,
596,
10754,
373,
445,
2319,
29899,
2972,
6282,
393,
29915,
29879,
4922,
363,
8790,
278,
1900,
310,
3122,
12693,
719,
29915,
29879,
1321,
1054,
293,
15409,
29889,
5057,
4366,
29879,
3160,
8386,
310,
278,
3164,
7896,
17839,
29892,
263,
380,
1245,
373,
19565,
1004,
264,
1772,
17594,
29892,
322,
1584,
278,
8825,
304,
4808,
263,
24354,
301,
1117,
29889,
13,
29928,
292,
280,
7363,
1144,
2497,
12458,
379,
473,
12230,
6371,
13,
1888,
1050,
344,
7535,
297,
278,
9257,
29892,
4955,
29892,
4696,
29892,
322,
11258,
310,
278,
360,
292,
280,
7363,
1144,
2497,
373,
445,
2024,
6282,
29889,
887,
29915,
645,
13389,
7333,
1891,
8570,
322,
263,
25706,
372,
4983,
653,
29936,
366,
508,
8569,
373,
5633,
310,
278,
24400,
322,
4955,
393,
4066,
366,
29889,
450,
6584,
1144,
2497,
338,
2998,
363,
967,
9358,
293,
5763,
708,
29892,
322,
1951,
445,
6282,
7805,
599,
8608,
362,
29892,
366,
29915,
645,
367,
2221,
304,
2125,
372,
599,
2012,
310,
19500,
470,
18112,
29889,
13,
29934,
292,
310,
12693,
719,
8373,
6371,
515,
315,
548,
29901,
512,
22368,
29021,
279,
3801,
3086,
4815,
13,
21133,
545,
278,
8775,
8548,
310,
278,
17716,
310,
12693,
719,
373,
385,
429,
29882,
2327,
1218,
2989,
29899,
3250,
6282,
310,
278,
5120,
29915,
29879,
5613,
12141,
29879,
515,
315,
548,
29889,
3201,
955,
1549,
278,
2320,
936,
2982,
1557,
11603,
310,
12693,
719,
322,
6493,
385,
1409,
310,
439,
2365,
18481,
29892,
1999,
790,
1319,
367,
14520,
29892,
322,
7901,
26819,
28519,
952,
29889,
2087,
29885,
533,
278,
2927,
1319,
12955,
322,
12297,
3534,
2187,
310,
317,
484,
331,
24720,
29936,
6425,
11831,
278,
12180,
284,
8536,
12184,
310,
360,
292,
280,
6211,
29936,
322,
12642,
29872,
472,
29154,
296,
8386,
310,
19223,
29892,
425,
10794,
29892,
322,
28519,
952,
297,
29021,
279,
3801,
3086,
4815,
29889,
24328,
573,
385,
8031,
18707,
304,
278,
4955,
322,
9257,
310,
12126,
515,
596,
17924,
10754,
373,
445,
427,
4018,
292,
6282,
29889,
13,
29968,
453,
279,
3801,
3086,
4815,
6912,
344,
1627,
390,
680,
29889,
3189,
12693,
719,
29889,
2088,
2618,
29889,
29871,
29896,
7234,
29889,
13,
15797,
666,
263,
6282,
491,
3661,
29892,
322,
269,
22352,
701,
363,
263,
10435,
1627,
22203,
1549,
29021,
279,
3801,
3086,
4815,
29892,
393,
29915,
29879,
13907,
363,
599,
633,
9770,
29889,
887,
29915,
645,
367,
472,
697,
411,
5469,
29892,
408,
366,
22203,
4940,
5763,
293,
365,
820,
951,
262,
29892,
3412,
1020,
2719,
393,
301,
355,
6053,
304,
29833,
3192,
14378,
8386,
29889,
28934,
491,
263,
10754,
29892,
278,
22203,
338,
9078,
304,
925,
29871,
29896,
29953,
2305,
363,
263,
2319,
29899,
2972,
7271,
988,
18872,
338,
2337,
3802,
491,
29889,
13,
29934,
292,
4587,
12693,
719,
6371,
13,
2369,
2212,
29891,
9850,
292,
297,
263,
2319,
2318,
373,
7613,
263,
1375,
19699,
2820,
278,
5763,
293,
17716,
310,
12693,
719,
373,
445,
2989,
29899,
3250,
6282,
29889,
319,
7968,
3593,
508,
23624,
278,
5216,
5794,
12474,
25320,
1568,
2253,
29892,
322,
366,
505,
263,
2253,
8825,
310,
1781
] | 2,765 | 2,048 | CommonCrawl | 1 | 6 |
Netflix You Recap: Every Insane Thing Joe Did in Season 1 & 2
Joe Goldberg is back in You season 3. If your memory's fuzzy on what happened with Love, Forty, Candace, Beck, Peach and the rest of them, here's a recap on all the murder-filled madness. Spoilers.
By Louisa Mellor | October 14, 2021 |
Photo: Netflix
Warning: contains major plot spoilers for You season 1 & 2
Meet Joe Goldberg. He's a good guy who wants to keep you safe. Because Joe loves you and will save you. He'll save you from your terrible friends and your terrible exes and your terrible self and from this whole terrible world. Granted, he'll do it with a hammer, a glass murder tank, and a shallow grave, but that's not the real him. He's just a romantic who does what he does out of love.
In season two, Joe (Gossip Girl's Penn Badgley) actually met Love (played by The Haunting of Hill House's Victoria Pedretti). True to her name, Love turned out to be every bit the psychopathic serial killer that Joe is. Love just wants to keep Joe safe, you see, because he's family now that she's having his baby. That's right, in a poetic 'HA' twist, after two seasons of stalking and murder, Joe ended up trapped as the object of someone else's twisted obsession. It was a beautiful turn of events.
Joe's Childhood
Let's rewind to the beginning. Who is Joe Goldberg? He started out as a bookish kid with a violent, abusive father who put cigarettes out on him, and a serially adulterous mother who regularly abandoned him to meet her lovers, whom she thought would save her from her brute of a husband. Aged nine, Joe shot his father dead to protect his mother, who told him that the murder wasn't his fault because deep down, he was a good boy. What happened next isn't totally clear, but it seems that Joe's mother ran out on him, which left him to be raised in a Group Home where he was in and out of trouble. POSSIBLE RETURNING PLOT POINT: Is Joe's mother alive? Could she come back?
In the ludicrous and high-colour world of You, the above is all the explanation you need for Joe's peculiar psychology. He's a traumatised man who does terrible things for which he absolves himself because deep down, he thinks he's a good boy. He's also a serial obsessive and stalker of women, whom he idealises while fearing being abandonment by them and being extremely paranoid that they're going to cheat on him, which – to be fair to Joe's instincts – they usually do.
Ivan Mooney
When Joe was a teenager, he got into trouble with the wrong man – NYC bookstore owner Ivan Mooney. We don't yet know what made Ivan Mooney into the person he was, but chances are it involved his mother and a rare First Edition of The Count of Monte Cristo. (You isn't just a serial killer show, it's a literary snob serial killer show, so you can't go five minutes without encountering the kind of Raymond Chandler or Dostoevsky quote you'd find printed in typewriter font on a craft beer mat). Mooney locked teen tearaway Joe in the climate-controlled glass cage he keeps for rare books in the basement under his store, and then him bullied into becoming his apprentice and adopting his book-based moral code.
Years later, after Mooney suffered a debilitating stroke that left him paralysed and unable to talk, Joe took over the running of the shop and Mooney's vintage car, though the exact circumstances of all that are murky. POSSIBLE RETURNING PLOT POINT: Was Joe more responsible for Mooney's current state of ill health than he lets on? After all, Mooney did have some pretty incriminating intel on Joe, who'd run to him after committing what we think was his second murder (but could equally have been his ninth or sixteenth, depending on how future flashbacks pan out).
Now grown-up and working at Mooney's, Joe was dating aspiring | 0.337371 | 0.081185 | -0.695823 | -0.429491 | [
0.24149337696426745,
0.4332479370240939
] | [
-0.15070161467890306,
0.3130711878803141
] | [
-0.6907507458111637,
-0.7008957099127008
] | [
-0.9100942892033231,
0.05111202491611759
] | 1,024 | [
512,
512
] | [
12670,
20157,
29916,
887,
3599,
481,
29901,
7569,
13377,
1662,
498,
292,
11131,
7440,
297,
24791,
29871,
29896,
669,
29871,
29906,
13,
29967,
7297,
6650,
2552,
338,
1250,
297,
887,
4259,
29871,
29941,
29889,
960,
596,
3370,
29915,
29879,
285,
3365,
1537,
373,
825,
9559,
411,
8155,
29892,
7236,
29891,
29892,
28433,
815,
29892,
19573,
29892,
3938,
496,
322,
278,
1791,
310,
963,
29892,
1244,
29915,
29879,
263,
1162,
481,
373,
599,
278,
13406,
29899,
26940,
10395,
2264,
29889,
24674,
22058,
29889,
13,
2059,
5899,
29874,
341,
514,
272,
891,
5533,
29871,
29896,
29946,
29892,
29871,
29906,
29900,
29906,
29896,
891,
13,
25971,
29901,
12670,
20157,
29916,
13,
22709,
29901,
3743,
4655,
6492,
13345,
22058,
363,
887,
4259,
29871,
29896,
669,
29871,
29906,
13,
6816,
300,
11131,
6650,
2552,
29889,
940,
29915,
29879,
263,
1781,
1410,
29891,
1058,
10753,
304,
3013,
366,
9109,
29889,
7311,
11131,
12355,
267,
366,
322,
674,
4078,
366,
29889,
940,
29915,
645,
4078,
366,
515,
596,
16403,
7875,
322,
596,
16403,
429,
267,
322,
596,
16403,
1583,
322,
515,
445,
3353,
16403,
3186,
29889,
1632,
9714,
29892,
540,
29915,
645,
437,
372,
411,
263,
16366,
1050,
29892,
263,
12917,
13406,
23735,
29892,
322,
263,
4091,
340,
15258,
29892,
541,
393,
29915,
29879,
451,
278,
1855,
1075,
29889,
940,
29915,
29879,
925,
263,
6017,
7716,
1058,
947,
825,
540,
947,
714,
310,
5360,
29889,
13,
797,
4259,
1023,
29892,
11131,
313,
29954,
2209,
666,
18620,
29915,
29879,
349,
2108,
9178,
29887,
2330,
29897,
2869,
1539,
8155,
313,
1456,
287,
491,
450,
5952,
348,
1259,
310,
9143,
5619,
29915,
29879,
14212,
9293,
13158,
29875,
467,
5852,
304,
902,
1024,
29892,
8155,
6077,
714,
304,
367,
1432,
2586,
278,
11643,
459,
493,
293,
7797,
413,
5495,
393,
11131,
338,
29889,
8155,
925,
10753,
304,
3013,
11131,
9109,
29892,
366,
1074,
29892,
1363,
540,
29915,
29879,
3942,
1286,
393,
1183,
29915,
29879,
2534,
670,
24354,
29889,
2193,
29915,
29879,
1492,
29892,
297,
263,
772,
7492,
525,
15715,
29915,
3252,
391,
29892,
1156,
1023,
20084,
310,
380,
2235,
292,
322,
13406,
29892,
11131,
9698,
701,
1020,
2986,
408,
278,
1203,
310,
4856,
1683,
29915,
29879,
3252,
12652,
704,
7924,
29889,
739,
471,
263,
9560,
2507,
310,
4959,
29889,
13,
29967,
7297,
29915,
29879,
10517,
6614,
13,
12024,
29915,
29879,
337,
14800,
304,
278,
6763,
29889,
11644,
338,
11131,
6650,
2552,
29973,
940,
4687,
714,
408,
263,
3143,
728,
26397,
411,
263,
24252,
29892,
633,
375,
573,
4783,
1058,
1925,
274,
25667,
698,
267,
714,
373,
1075,
29892,
322,
263,
7797,
368,
594,
352,
357,
681,
5637,
1058,
25704,
23181,
1075,
304,
5870,
902,
658,
874,
29892,
6029,
1183,
2714,
723,
4078,
902,
515,
902,
1506,
1082,
310,
263,
10216,
29889,
319,
3192,
14183,
29892,
11131,
10322,
670,
4783,
7123,
304,
12566,
670,
5637,
29892,
1058,
5429,
1075,
393,
278,
13406,
9007,
29915,
29873,
670,
12570,
1363,
6483,
1623,
29892,
540,
471,
263,
1781,
8023,
29889,
1724,
9559,
2446,
3508,
29915,
29873,
14909,
2821,
29892,
541,
372,
2444,
393,
11131,
29915,
29879,
5637,
6350,
714,
373,
1075,
29892,
607,
2175,
1075,
304,
367,
10425,
297,
263,
6431,
8778,
988,
540,
471,
297,
322,
714,
310,
7458,
29889,
21521,
1799,
8979,
1307,
28081,
24015,
4214,
16507,
2891,
349,
6992,
29911,
29901,
1317,
11131,
29915,
29879,
5637,
18758,
29973,
6527,
1183,
2041,
1250,
29973,
13,
797,
278,
21615,
293,
29878,
681,
322,
1880,
29899,
1054,
473,
3186,
310,
887,
29892,
278,
2038,
338,
599,
278,
8252,
366,
817,
363,
11131,
29915,
29879,
18036,
11643,
3002,
29889,
940,
29915,
29879,
263,
1020,
398,
271,
3368,
767,
1058,
947,
16403,
2712,
363,
607,
540,
4963,
1960,
3654,
1363,
6483,
1623,
29892,
540,
22405,
540,
29915,
29879,
263,
1781,
8023,
29889,
940,
29915,
29879,
884,
263,
7797,
20881,
404,
573,
322,
380,
2235,
261,
310,
5866,
29892,
6029,
540,
10839,
4637,
1550,
8866,
292,
1641,
11807,
358,
491,
963,
322,
1641,
14154,
610,
1562,
333,
393,
896,
29915,
276,
2675,
304,
923,
271,
373,
1075,
29892,
607,
785,
304,
367,
6534,
304,
11131,
29915,
29879,
26508,
29879,
785,
896,
5491,
437,
29889,
13,
29902,
3703,
4546,
4992,
13,
10401,
11131,
471,
263,
734,
264,
1875,
29892,
540,
2355,
964,
7458,
411,
278,
2743,
767,
785,
23526,
29907,
3143,
8899,
12271,
16560,
4546,
4992,
29889,
1334,
1016,
29915,
29873,
3447,
1073,
825,
1754,
16560,
4546,
4992,
964,
278,
2022,
540,
471,
29892,
541,
521,
2925,
526,
372,
9701,
670,
5637,
322,
263,
10812,
3824,
17138,
310,
450,
3917,
310,
11240,
12546,
29877,
29889,
313,
3492,
3508,
29915,
29873,
925,
263,
7797,
413,
5495,
1510,
29892,
372,
29915,
29879,
263,
22937,
5807,
711,
7797,
413,
5495,
1510,
29892,
577,
366,
508,
29915,
29873,
748,
5320,
6233,
1728,
11735,
292,
278,
2924,
310,
21380,
678,
392,
1358,
470,
360,
5548,
5750,
7912,
14978,
366,
29915,
29881,
1284,
13350,
297,
1134,
13236,
4079,
373,
263,
25554,
367,
261,
1775,
467,
4546,
4992,
22822,
734,
264,
734,
279,
21694,
11131,
297,
278,
23622,
29899,
6451,
839,
12917,
274,
482,
540,
14874,
363,
10812,
8277,
297,
278,
2362,
882,
1090,
670,
3787,
29892,
322,
769,
1075,
8227,
2957,
964,
14171,
670,
623,
7771,
625,
322,
9332,
292,
670,
3143,
29899,
6707,
14731,
775,
29889,
13,
12883,
29879,
2678,
29892,
1156,
4546,
4992,
17654,
263,
2553,
309,
277,
1218,
19782,
393,
2175,
1075,
610,
284,
952,
287,
322,
9368,
304,
5193,
29892,
11131,
3614,
975,
278,
2734,
310,
278,
18296,
322,
4546,
4992,
29915,
29879,
325,
524,
482,
1559,
29892,
2466,
278,
2684,
14209,
310,
599,
393,
526,
7167,
3459,
29889,
21521,
1799,
8979,
1307,
28081,
24015,
4214,
16507,
2891,
349,
6992,
29911,
29901,
12547,
11131,
901,
14040,
363,
4546,
4992,
29915,
29879,
1857,
2106,
310,
4486,
9045,
1135,
540,
16869,
373,
29973,
2860,
599,
29892,
4546,
4992,
1258,
505,
777,
5051,
5528,
20386,
1218,
13856,
373,
11131,
29892,
1058,
29915,
29881,
1065,
304,
1075,
1156,
844,
5367,
825,
591,
1348,
471,
670,
1473,
13406,
313,
4187,
1033,
18018,
505,
1063,
670,
17081,
386,
470,
4832,
19839,
29892,
8679,
373,
920,
5434,
11013,
1627,
29879,
7243,
714,
467,
13,
10454,
21633,
29899,
786,
322,
1985,
472,
4546,
4992,
29915,
29879,
29892,
11131,
471,
270,
1218,
7051,
8491
] | 2,769 | 0 | CommonCrawl | 2 | 16 |
NYC musician Candace, but beginning to suspect that she was cheating on him. Joe followed her, spied her in a compromising position with high-end record exec Elijah and later, confronted Elijah, who said Candace had never mentioned a boyfriend, so Joe pushed him off a city rooftop. Mooney though, told Joe not to sweat it and that some people deserved to die, which is exactly what Joe needed to hear for his next move.
Joe's next move was to confront Candace, and then, when she told him that she'd never loved him, to knock her unconscious, tie her up, prepare a picnic basket, and drive her to their favourite romantic spot in the woods, at night. Candace made a run for it, but was caught, and in the ensuing struggle hit her head and passed out. Thinking her dead, Joe buried her and in one of his many fool-proof plans, told everybody that she'd moved to Italy on a whim. But Candace wasn't dead! She crawled out of that grave and went to the police, who were worse than useless. Candace spent four months in a sanatorium, then patiently bided her time so that she could pop up alive in the season one finale to freak Joe the hell out, and really destroy him in season two. (She won't. Candace ends up dead in the trunk of a car, but we're getting ahead of ourselves.)
You: Subverting the Nice Guy Trope
By Kayti Burt
You Season 2 Review (Spoiler-Free)
By Delia Harrington
After 'murdering' Candace, Joe went into a depression, during which time Ivan Mooney suffered his stroke and Joe took over the shop with co-worker Ethan (who's in a relationship with Blythe, the second best character in You after Peach Salinger, whom we'll get to). Then one day, Joe came out of his funk and fixated on a customer named Guinevere Beck. Beck is a yoga instructor and poetry grad student whose friends are named things like Peach, who we're coming to. Joe decides Beck desperately needs his protection and love to become her best self so he stalks her, breaks into her place, steals her underwear and diary, engineers 'accidental' meetings, and swipes her phone so he can snoop on her communications. It's your basic rom-com start to a relationship, with the murderous creep vibe turned up to 11.
Benjy
Beck, who runs with a wealthy crowd despite being broke, is still sleeping with her ex, Benjy, a trust-fund hipster with an artisan soda company. Joe lures Benjy to a dark alley, hits him with a hammer and locks him in the very same glass murder tank in which Mooney locked him as a teen. An excellent mimic of hipster douchebaggery, Joe sends a string of social media posts from Benjy's phone so his pals think he's still out there somewhere living that #sodalife. Then Joe deliberately spikes Benjy's juice with peanut oil, which triggers his allergy and kills him. Joe pulls out all of Benjy's teeth and puts them in a jar in the box where he also keeps Beck's stolen underwear and the video of a hazing murder Benjy committed with his frat boys (which he was holding over them as potential blackmail material. Not a prince, this guy). Joe burns Benjy's corpse in the woods, has a close call with a cop and a couple of hikers, but slides out of trouble at the last moment. (Despite his many crimes, Joe literally can't get arrested. Roughly every other episode he's pulled over with a corpse in the trunk of his car or a murder weapon in his hand, and they just wave him off with a smile.)
Peach Salinger
Benjy wasn't the only problem element in Beck's life that Joe wanted to clear, there was also Peach Salinger (yes, that Salinger. Literary snob serial killer show, remember). Peach (Shay Mitchell, who is great in this role) was a rich girl who turned out to be obsessed with Beck, and had a cache of hidden photos she'd taken of her asleep and naked. Peach was no dope though, or maybe creep recognises creep, because she had | 0.051793 | -0.112651 | -1.509957 | -0.30365 | [
0.3236739027041931,
-0.2200872426083148
] | [
-0.08265772858913376,
-0.14264378606300934
] | [
-1.2537962534464715,
-1.7661169405740937
] | [
-0.10236882091080257,
-0.5049308699229365
] | 1,024 | [
512,
512
] | [
23526,
29907,
4696,
713,
28433,
815,
29892,
541,
6763,
304,
12326,
393,
1183,
471,
923,
1218,
373,
1075,
29889,
11131,
5643,
902,
29892,
805,
1000,
902,
297,
263,
19632,
5921,
2602,
411,
1880,
29899,
355,
2407,
2279,
382,
7267,
801,
322,
2678,
29892,
21751,
287,
382,
7267,
801,
29892,
1058,
1497,
28433,
815,
750,
2360,
5276,
263,
8023,
18326,
29892,
577,
11131,
18760,
1075,
1283,
263,
4272,
696,
29877,
615,
459,
29889,
4546,
4992,
2466,
29892,
5429,
11131,
451,
304,
7901,
271,
372,
322,
393,
777,
2305,
553,
9841,
304,
762,
29892,
607,
338,
3721,
825,
11131,
4312,
304,
8293,
363,
670,
2446,
4337,
29889,
13,
29967,
7297,
29915,
29879,
2446,
4337,
471,
304,
21751,
28433,
815,
29892,
322,
769,
29892,
746,
1183,
5429,
1075,
393,
1183,
29915,
29881,
2360,
18012,
1075,
29892,
304,
18232,
902,
443,
3200,
8802,
29892,
22134,
902,
701,
29892,
19012,
263,
11942,
7823,
25972,
29892,
322,
7899,
902,
304,
1009,
15381,
568,
6017,
7716,
9758,
297,
278,
25013,
29892,
472,
4646,
29889,
28433,
815,
1754,
263,
1065,
363,
372,
29892,
541,
471,
12624,
29892,
322,
297,
278,
427,
2146,
292,
21117,
7124,
902,
2343,
322,
4502,
714,
29889,
498,
18159,
902,
7123,
29892,
11131,
18550,
902,
322,
297,
697,
310,
670,
1784,
17928,
29899,
8017,
13900,
29892,
5429,
26077,
393,
1183,
29915,
29881,
6153,
304,
12730,
373,
263,
377,
326,
29889,
1205,
28433,
815,
9007,
29915,
29873,
7123,
29991,
2296,
29349,
839,
714,
310,
393,
15258,
322,
3512,
304,
278,
10974,
29892,
1058,
892,
15029,
1135,
19315,
29889,
28433,
815,
10398,
3023,
7378,
297,
263,
9753,
1061,
1974,
29892,
769,
16500,
368,
289,
2618,
902,
931,
577,
393,
1183,
1033,
1835,
701,
18758,
297,
278,
4259,
697,
10996,
304,
3005,
557,
11131,
278,
23927,
714,
29892,
322,
2289,
8174,
1075,
297,
4259,
1023,
29889,
313,
13468,
2113,
29915,
29873,
29889,
28433,
815,
10614,
701,
7123,
297,
278,
534,
2960,
310,
263,
1559,
29892,
541,
591,
29915,
276,
2805,
14432,
310,
20278,
1846,
13,
3492,
29901,
3323,
369,
1259,
278,
20103,
15880,
8316,
412,
13,
2059,
28444,
2034,
350,
4227,
13,
3492,
24791,
29871,
29906,
13957,
313,
29903,
1129,
3955,
29899,
20475,
29897,
13,
2059,
5556,
423,
12303,
4885,
13,
13555,
525,
29885,
332,
672,
292,
29915,
28433,
815,
29892,
11131,
3512,
964,
263,
316,
2590,
29892,
2645,
607,
931,
16560,
4546,
4992,
17654,
670,
19782,
322,
11131,
3614,
975,
278,
18296,
411,
1302,
29899,
24602,
13772,
273,
313,
15970,
29915,
29879,
297,
263,
9443,
411,
350,
368,
1552,
29892,
278,
1473,
1900,
2931,
297,
887,
1156,
3938,
496,
3956,
5621,
29892,
6029,
591,
29915,
645,
679,
304,
467,
1987,
697,
2462,
29892,
11131,
2996,
714,
310,
670,
2090,
29895,
322,
2329,
630,
373,
263,
11962,
4257,
2088,
457,
9359,
19573,
29889,
19573,
338,
263,
343,
14895,
18690,
272,
322,
22309,
4656,
8368,
5069,
7875,
526,
4257,
2712,
763,
3938,
496,
29892,
1058,
591,
29915,
276,
6421,
304,
29889,
11131,
1602,
2247,
19573,
553,
546,
2486,
4225,
670,
13047,
322,
5360,
304,
4953,
902,
1900,
1583,
577,
540,
28367,
2039,
902,
29892,
16706,
964,
902,
2058,
29892,
1886,
1338,
902,
1090,
705,
279,
322,
652,
653,
29892,
6012,
414,
525,
5753,
1693,
284,
29915,
5870,
886,
29892,
322,
2381,
29488,
902,
9008,
577,
540,
508,
269,
1217,
459,
373,
902,
7212,
800,
29889,
739,
29915,
29879,
596,
6996,
6017,
29899,
510,
1369,
304,
263,
9443,
29892,
411,
278,
13406,
681,
907,
1022,
325,
18673,
6077,
701,
304,
29871,
29896,
29896,
29889,
13,
20841,
29926,
29891,
13,
3629,
384,
29892,
1058,
6057,
411,
263,
17173,
29891,
19174,
15020,
1641,
14455,
29892,
338,
1603,
8709,
292,
411,
902,
429,
29892,
4111,
29926,
29891,
29892,
263,
9311,
29899,
27159,
21464,
2475,
411,
385,
1616,
21603,
269,
8887,
5001,
29889,
11131,
301,
1973,
4111,
29926,
29891,
304,
263,
6501,
394,
2330,
29892,
19572,
1075,
411,
263,
16366,
1050,
322,
658,
4684,
1075,
297,
278,
1407,
1021,
12917,
13406,
23735,
297,
607,
4546,
4992,
22822,
1075,
408,
263,
734,
264,
29889,
530,
15129,
286,
326,
293,
310,
21464,
2475,
270,
3222,
774,
16170,
708,
29892,
11131,
16003,
263,
1347,
310,
5264,
5745,
11803,
515,
4111,
29926,
29891,
29915,
29879,
9008,
577,
670,
282,
1338,
1348,
540,
29915,
29879,
1603,
714,
727,
9051,
8471,
393,
396,
29879,
397,
284,
1607,
29889,
1987,
11131,
23663,
2486,
805,
29379,
4111,
29926,
29891,
29915,
29879,
3623,
625,
411,
1236,
273,
329,
17182,
29892,
607,
23660,
670,
16454,
1927,
322,
413,
6090,
1075,
29889,
11131,
8206,
29879,
714,
599,
310,
4111,
29926,
29891,
29915,
29879,
25287,
322,
15223,
963,
297,
263,
14631,
297,
278,
3800,
988,
540,
884,
14874,
19573,
29915,
29879,
380,
18975,
1090,
705,
279,
322,
278,
4863,
310,
263,
447,
19583,
13406,
4111,
29926,
29891,
19355,
411,
670,
20998,
12544,
313,
4716,
540,
471,
13587,
975,
963,
408,
7037,
4628,
2549,
5518,
29889,
2216,
263,
15927,
29892,
445,
1410,
29891,
467,
11131,
12138,
29879,
4111,
29926,
29891,
29915,
29879,
1034,
27358,
297,
278,
25013,
29892,
756,
263,
3802,
1246,
411,
263,
5614,
322,
263,
7303,
310,
298,
638,
414,
29892,
541,
2243,
2247,
714,
310,
7458,
472,
278,
1833,
3256,
29889,
313,
4002,
29886,
568,
670,
1784,
2181,
1355,
29892,
11131,
22830,
508,
29915,
29873,
679,
24383,
29889,
390,
820,
368,
1432,
916,
12720,
540,
29915,
29879,
20043,
975,
411,
263,
1034,
27358,
297,
278,
534,
2960,
310,
670,
1559,
470,
263,
13406,
28639,
297,
670,
1361,
29892,
322,
896,
925,
10742,
1075,
1283,
411,
263,
17819,
1846,
13,
29925,
4204,
3956,
5621,
13,
20841,
29926,
29891,
9007,
29915,
29873,
278,
871,
1108,
1543,
297,
19573,
29915,
29879,
2834,
393,
11131,
5131,
304,
2821,
29892,
727,
471,
884,
3938,
496,
3956,
5621,
313,
3582,
29892,
393,
3956,
5621,
29889,
5449,
653,
5807,
711,
7797,
413,
5495,
1510,
29892,
6456,
467,
3938,
496,
313,
2713,
388,
26676,
29892,
1058,
338,
2107,
297,
445,
6297,
29897,
471,
263,
8261,
7826,
1058,
6077,
714,
304,
367,
20881,
11517,
411,
19573,
29892,
322,
750,
263,
7090,
310,
7934,
20612,
1183,
29915,
29881,
4586,
310,
902,
408,
5436,
322,
302,
12535,
29889,
3938,
496,
471,
694,
437,
412,
2466,
29892,
470,
5505,
907,
1022,
5936,
4637,
907,
1022,
29892,
1363,
1183,
750
] | 2,769 | 1,024 | CommonCrawl | 10 | 8 |
Joe pegged from the start. They fought a war over the territory of Beck, which started with Joe hitting Peach over the head with a rock in Central Park, and ended with her realising Joe had killed Benjy, so holding him at gunpoint in her family's Greenwich mansion. After a struggle, Joe shot her dead and staged it as a suicide. POSSIBLE RETURNING PLOT POINT: While creeping about Peach's house watching her watching Beck, Joe was caught short and peed into a jar he left on a shelf. Last we heard, a PI investigating Peach's death found the pee jar and is testing it for DNA.
Claudia, Paco and Ron
To show that Joe's not a conscienceless or arbitrary killer, but a fellow with a (skewed, admittedly) moral code, a carbon copy of his childhood plays out in the apartment next door in season one. There's sweet bookish kid Paco, abused mother and addict Claudia, and violent brute of a stepdad Ron. Ron's a parole officer who tells Joe to keep away from Paco because he can see that Joe's a freak like the creeps he deals with every day, and he kind of has a point. But we hate Ron, obviously.
Joe knows exactly what's happening in Paco's life, because he once was Paco, so he's kind to the kid. He gives him books and sandwiches, and, when Paco attacks Ron with a baseball bat and Ron tries to kill Paco in return, Joe stabs Ron in the throat and disposes of the body. Unlike Joe and his mother, Paco and Claudia stay together and move to California for a happy ending of sorts. POSSIBLE RECURRING PLOT POINT: Ron's death is listed as a disappearance but someone could come looking for him.
Beck, The Captain and Dr Nicky
From Benjy to Joe to her skeevy married-with-kids therapist Dr Nicky, Beck has bad luck with men. That's all down to her sketchy relationship with her dad, says You, which draws a straight line between childhood trauma and adult chaos. Beck's dad (aka The Captain) was a heroin addict who OD'd and then got clean and married a Christian mommy blogger, but Beck prefers to tell everybody that he's dead. Beck starts dating Joe, who lies to her, stalks her, and murders both her ex and her best friend (see above). After Peach's 'suicide', Beck's grief led her to therapy with Dr Nicky. In characteristic form, Joe suspects Beck of cheating on him with Dr Nicky, but initially failed to find any evidence. Joe and Beck break up, during which time he starts seeing Karen, a friend of his neighbour Claudia.
All this time, Joe is having therapy sessions with Dr Nicky, disguising himself as a gay man named Paul Brown. Joe eventually cheats on Karen with Beck and the original pair gets back together. Then Joe mugs Dr Nicky for his phone and discovers that he was right! Beck and Dr Nicky were having an affair! Vindication!
Meanwhile, Beck has been investigating Joe's ex Candace, which leads her to discover his secret box of teeth, underwear and stolen murder victim phones. She confronts him, so he knocks her unconscious and locks her in his glass murder cage, telling her it's the low-tech writers' retreat she always wanted. She writes a memoir in the cage, which retells everything that's happened but frames Dr Nicky for Joe's crimes. Beck offers it to Joe as an escape route, but it's all a ruse – she just wanted him to let her out, so she could lock him in the cage and call the police. Unluckily for Beck, Joe stashed a key in the cage, so he gets out and – off-screen – kills her, then dumps her body and frames Dr Nicky for her murder. Dr Nicky goes to jail, and Joe publishes Beck's memoir posthumously under the title 'The Dark Face of Love.' It's a hit. The only person who doesn't fall for it is the PI hired by Peach Salinger's family. POSSIBLE RETURNING PLOT POINT: is there any chance that Beck isn't dead, seeing as we didn't witness the | -0.216321 | 0.215482 | -1.236043 | 0.014693 | [
-0.1824211683108489,
-0.25022010204628753
] | [
0.4240901599215166,
0.0068737004763521695
] | [
-0.9900271868065075,
-1.4820579457310556
] | [
-0.05294278581399778,
0.0823284681351522
] | 1,024 | [
512,
512
] | [
11131,
282,
387,
3192,
515,
278,
1369,
29889,
2688,
20722,
263,
1370,
975,
278,
20123,
310,
19573,
29892,
607,
4687,
411,
11131,
29425,
3938,
496,
975,
278,
2343,
411,
263,
7679,
297,
8068,
4815,
29892,
322,
9698,
411,
902,
1855,
5921,
11131,
750,
9445,
4111,
29926,
29891,
29892,
577,
13587,
1075,
472,
13736,
3149,
297,
902,
3942,
29915,
29879,
7646,
16416,
286,
9454,
29889,
2860,
263,
21117,
29892,
11131,
10322,
902,
7123,
322,
380,
4063,
372,
408,
263,
23921,
680,
29889,
21521,
1799,
8979,
1307,
28081,
24015,
4214,
16507,
2891,
349,
6992,
29911,
29901,
5806,
907,
26819,
1048,
3938,
496,
29915,
29879,
3699,
21217,
902,
21217,
19573,
29892,
11131,
471,
12624,
3273,
322,
1236,
287,
964,
263,
14631,
540,
2175,
373,
263,
528,
761,
29889,
9208,
591,
6091,
29892,
263,
349,
29902,
7405,
1218,
3938,
496,
29915,
29879,
4892,
1476,
278,
1236,
29872,
14631,
322,
338,
6724,
372,
363,
25348,
29889,
13,
20216,
566,
423,
29892,
9790,
29877,
322,
11546,
13,
1762,
1510,
393,
11131,
29915,
29879,
451,
263,
1136,
455,
264,
2242,
404,
470,
11472,
413,
5495,
29892,
541,
263,
10404,
411,
263,
313,
26050,
8734,
29892,
20186,
368,
29897,
14731,
775,
29892,
263,
22004,
3509,
310,
670,
2278,
6614,
13582,
714,
297,
278,
263,
8076,
2446,
3050,
297,
4259,
697,
29889,
1670,
29915,
29879,
14225,
3143,
728,
26397,
9790,
29877,
29892,
633,
3880,
5637,
322,
788,
919,
25886,
423,
29892,
322,
24252,
1506,
1082,
310,
263,
4331,
29881,
328,
11546,
29889,
11546,
29915,
29879,
263,
610,
1772,
12139,
1058,
10603,
11131,
304,
3013,
3448,
515,
9790,
29877,
1363,
540,
508,
1074,
393,
11131,
29915,
29879,
263,
3005,
557,
763,
278,
907,
8961,
540,
316,
1338,
411,
1432,
2462,
29892,
322,
540,
2924,
310,
756,
263,
1298,
29889,
1205,
591,
26277,
11546,
29892,
12879,
29889,
13,
29967,
7297,
9906,
3721,
825,
29915,
29879,
10464,
297,
9790,
29877,
29915,
29879,
2834,
29892,
1363,
540,
2748,
471,
9790,
29877,
29892,
577,
540,
29915,
29879,
2924,
304,
278,
26397,
29889,
940,
4076,
1075,
8277,
322,
11982,
16416,
267,
29892,
322,
29892,
746,
9790,
29877,
16661,
11546,
411,
263,
21573,
17152,
322,
11546,
14335,
304,
12088,
9790,
29877,
297,
736,
29892,
11131,
380,
6897,
11546,
297,
278,
20961,
271,
322,
766,
10590,
310,
278,
3573,
29889,
853,
4561,
11131,
322,
670,
5637,
29892,
9790,
29877,
322,
25886,
423,
7952,
4208,
322,
4337,
304,
8046,
363,
263,
9796,
17140,
310,
23551,
29889,
21521,
1799,
8979,
1307,
5195,
22484,
29934,
4214,
16507,
2891,
349,
6992,
29911,
29901,
11546,
29915,
29879,
4892,
338,
9904,
408,
263,
8796,
21711,
541,
4856,
1033,
2041,
3063,
363,
1075,
29889,
13,
3629,
384,
29892,
450,
10842,
322,
4942,
13853,
29891,
13,
4591,
4111,
29926,
29891,
304,
11131,
304,
902,
18109,
5750,
29891,
8300,
29899,
2541,
29899,
29895,
4841,
29220,
481,
391,
4942,
13853,
29891,
29892,
19573,
756,
4319,
9885,
411,
1757,
29889,
2193,
29915,
29879,
599,
1623,
304,
902,
21256,
29891,
9443,
411,
902,
270,
328,
29892,
4083,
887,
29892,
607,
4216,
29879,
263,
7812,
1196,
1546,
2278,
6614,
1020,
10859,
322,
16157,
10329,
359,
29889,
19573,
29915,
29879,
270,
328,
313,
8245,
450,
10842,
29897,
471,
263,
13444,
262,
788,
919,
1058,
438,
29928,
29915,
29881,
322,
769,
2355,
5941,
322,
8300,
263,
6111,
16823,
1357,
12618,
914,
29892,
541,
19573,
758,
25534,
304,
2649,
26077,
393,
540,
29915,
29879,
7123,
29889,
19573,
8665,
270,
1218,
11131,
29892,
1058,
12185,
304,
902,
29892,
28367,
2039,
902,
29892,
322,
7167,
8623,
1716,
902,
429,
322,
902,
1900,
5121,
313,
4149,
2038,
467,
2860,
3938,
496,
29915,
29879,
525,
2146,
293,
680,
742,
19573,
29915,
29879,
867,
2575,
5331,
902,
304,
29220,
27580,
411,
4942,
13853,
29891,
29889,
512,
17443,
883,
29892,
11131,
12326,
29879,
19573,
310,
923,
1218,
373,
1075,
411,
4942,
13853,
29891,
29892,
541,
12919,
5229,
304,
1284,
738,
10757,
29889,
11131,
322,
19573,
2867,
701,
29892,
2645,
607,
931,
540,
8665,
8790,
3467,
264,
29892,
263,
5121,
310,
670,
17647,
25886,
423,
29889,
13,
3596,
445,
931,
29892,
11131,
338,
2534,
29220,
27580,
21396,
411,
4942,
13853,
29891,
29892,
766,
2543,
5921,
3654,
408,
263,
23852,
767,
4257,
3739,
9817,
29889,
11131,
10201,
923,
1446,
373,
3467,
264,
411,
19573,
322,
278,
2441,
5101,
4947,
1250,
4208,
29889,
1987,
11131,
286,
16926,
4942,
13853,
29891,
363,
670,
9008,
322,
17021,
874,
393,
540,
471,
1492,
29991,
19573,
322,
4942,
13853,
29891,
892,
2534,
385,
26195,
29991,
478,
513,
293,
362,
29991,
13,
6816,
273,
8000,
29892,
19573,
756,
1063,
7405,
1218,
11131,
29915,
29879,
429,
28433,
815,
29892,
607,
11981,
902,
304,
6523,
670,
7035,
3800,
310,
25287,
29892,
1090,
705,
279,
322,
380,
18975,
13406,
28985,
1374,
2873,
29889,
2296,
21751,
29879,
1075,
29892,
577,
540,
18232,
29879,
902,
443,
3200,
8802,
322,
658,
4684,
902,
297,
670,
12917,
13406,
274,
482,
29892,
14509,
902,
372,
29915,
29879,
278,
4482,
29899,
11345,
23550,
29915,
22162,
271,
1183,
2337,
5131,
29889,
2296,
15873,
263,
2626,
6390,
297,
278,
274,
482,
29892,
607,
3240,
10071,
4129,
393,
29915,
29879,
9559,
541,
16608,
4942,
13853,
29891,
363,
11131,
29915,
29879,
2181,
1355,
29889,
19573,
16688,
372,
304,
11131,
408,
385,
10169,
5782,
29892,
541,
372,
29915,
29879,
599,
263,
364,
1509,
785,
1183,
925,
5131,
1075,
304,
1235,
902,
714,
29892,
577,
1183,
1033,
7714,
1075,
297,
278,
274,
482,
322,
1246,
278,
10974,
29889,
853,
29880,
2707,
2354,
363,
19573,
29892,
11131,
380,
25936,
263,
1820,
297,
278,
274,
482,
29892,
577,
540,
4947,
714,
322,
785,
1283,
29899,
10525,
785,
413,
6090,
902,
29892,
769,
270,
17204,
902,
3573,
322,
16608,
4942,
13853,
29891,
363,
902,
13406,
29889,
4942,
13853,
29891,
5771,
304,
432,
737,
29892,
322,
11131,
9805,
267,
19573,
29915,
29879,
2626,
6390,
1400,
16063,
5794,
1090,
278,
3611,
525,
1576,
15317,
10635,
310,
8155,
6169,
739,
29915,
29879,
263,
7124,
29889,
450,
871,
2022,
1058,
1838,
29915,
29873,
6416,
363,
372,
338,
278,
349,
29902,
298,
2859,
491,
3938,
496,
3956,
5621,
29915,
29879,
3942,
29889,
21521,
1799,
8979,
1307,
28081,
24015,
4214,
16507,
2891,
349,
6992,
29911,
29901,
338,
727,
738,
8825,
393,
19573,
3508,
29915,
29873,
7123,
29892,
8790,
408,
591,
3282,
29915,
29873,
16277,
278
] | 2,769 | 2,048 | CommonCrawl | 2 | 16 |
Subsets and Splits
No community queries yet
The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.