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5391341 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vincent%20Otti | Vincent Otti | Vincent Otti (c. 1946 – 2 October 2007) was a Ugandan rebel who served as deputy-leader of the Lord's Resistance Army (LRA), a rebel guerrilla army operating mainly in northern Uganda and southern Sudan. He was one of the five persons for whom the International Criminal Court (ICC) issued its first arrest warrants on 8 July 2005. Rumours of his death began to circulate in October 2007 but were not confirmed until January 2008.
Early life
Otti was born around 1946 in the Atiak sub-county of Gulu District, Uganda, and his parents died when he was young. He was working as a shopkeeper in Kampala when he joined the Lord's Resistance Army in 1987.
Lord's Resistance Army
Vincent Otti joined the Lord's Resistance Army when it was founded in 1987. He rose to the rank of Lieutenant General and became the LRA's vice-chairman, second in command to Joseph Kony. He was reportedly a member of the "Control Altar", the core leadership group that devises the LRA's strategy.
In 1994, the LRA attacked Atiak, Otti's home town, killing more than 200 people. Otti's brothers reportedly fled the village after the family was accused of breeding a "killer". He is alleged to have led the Barlonyo massacre in February 2004, during which more than 300 villagers were shot, hacked and burned to death.
During the Juba peace talks, which began in July 2006, Otti emerged as the chief spokesperson for the LRA. According to LRA defector Sunday Otto, Otti was also the LRA's leading advocate of joining the peace talks. Otti's push to negotiate an end of the conflict led to tension with Kony and a growing split in the LRA.
Indictment by the ICC
On 8 July 2005, a Pre-Trial Chamber of the International Criminal Court found that there were reasonable grounds to believe that Otti had committed war crimes and crimes against humanity, and issued a sealed warrant for his arrest. He was charged with 21 counts of war crimes (including murder, pillaging, inducing rape, forced enlisting of children, intentionally directing an attack against a civilian population, and cruel treatment of civilians) and 11 counts of crimes against humanity (including murder, sexual enslavement, and inhumane acts of inflicting serious bodily injury and suffering).
Death
In October 2007, sources in the Ugandan military reported that "Otti was killed on or around 8 October 2007 during a high command meeting that Kony convened at his base camp in Garamba", following a disagreement with Kony over the peace process. LRA defector Sunday Otto, who claims to have been present during the execution, states that Otti was killed on 2 October, along with two other officers, and that Otti was the impetus behind the negotiations for peace, a view that is supported by the late conservationist Lawrence Anthony in his book The Last Rhinos (2012). Anthony writes that a few days before Otti was killed, Anthony had visited Otti in the bush to firm up an agreement that Anthony would help communicate the LRA's case at the 2005 round of peace talks, in exchange for the LRA's protection of endangered rhino species in the Congo. LRA spokesperson Martin Ojul has repeatedly denied that Otti was executed and claimed that Otti was simply suffering from cholera. On 7 November 2007, Kony told Gulu district chairman Norbert Mao that Otti was alive and had been detained for plotting to kill Kony and "conspiring with the enemies of the LRA". Kony also stated that Otti would not be allowed to speak with anyone until the LRA decided it was appropriate.
The President of Southern Sudan, Salva Kiir Mayardit, said on 7 November 2007 that Otti's status remained unclear. The government of Southern Sudan has sent a team to the Congolese border to investigate Otti's fate.
The government newspaper New Vision reported on 22 November, based on statements from LRA defectors, that Otti had been executed by firing squad, along with "many others", on 2 October. Defectors said that he had asked Kony to allow him to speak to his son before his execution. "To strengthen Kony's spirit", Otti's body was said to not have been buried for three days after his death. Defectors also claimed Otti had been killed because of his enthusiasm for peace, thus raising questions about Kony's commitment to the peace negotiations. On 21 December 2007 a diplomatic briefing claimed that Otti was executed on 2 October 2007 at Kony's home. According to this account, when Otti arrived there he found that the home was surrounded by Kony's guards, and before entering he made a phone call to Kony due to his concern about this, but was reassured by Kony. Inside the house, however, LRA commanders held Otti at gunpoint and told him that he was arrested; he was then bound, blindfolded and taken outside, where he was shot, despite his pleas for mercy. Kony subsequently claimed that Otti had received foreign funds and was trying to kill him. On 23 January 2008, Kony confirmed that Otti was dead, but did not offer any details.
Notes and references
External links
Interview with Vincent Otti, LRA second in command, IRIN, June 2007
Vincent Otti on Interpol`s List of Wanted Persons
Lord's Resistance Army rebels
Fugitives wanted by the International Criminal Court
People indicted for crimes against humanity
People indicted for war crimes
2007 deaths
Year of birth uncertain |
5391345 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greg%20Somerville | Greg Somerville | Greg Mardon Somerville is a New Zealand rugby union player. He is a former All Black and a specialised tighthead prop who can also play loosehead. Somerville made his All Black debut in 2000 against Tonga, a match in which the All Blacks won 102–0. Somerville went 41 test matches before scoring his first, and only test try against Fiji in 2005. Somerville played domestic rugby for Canterbury Rugby Football Union and for the Crusaders in the Super Rugby competition, having played 100 matches for the latter after debuting against the Chiefs in 1999. Somerville's nickname is Yoda, after the fictional character from Star Wars due to their resemblance.
Somerville left New Zealand in late 2008, having signed a two-and-a-half-year deal with the Guinness Premiership team Gloucester. In 2010 he left Gloucester for the Melbourne Rebels, with whom he spent the 2011 season before retiring.
Somerville's sporting hero is Buck Shelford, who, he says, "was a tremendous leader for the All Blacks and an outstanding front-rower."
Other
Played 42 matches for New Zealand before scoring his first try against Fiji in 2005. This was an All Blacks record at the time for the most matches before scoring a point.
Played in six RWC 2003 matches.
Played a leadership role for the Melbourne Rebels in the 2011 Super Rugby season.
References
Sources
SA Sports Illustrated. "My Hero: Four All Black rugby players reveal their sport heroes." October 2008: 35.
External links
1977 births
New Zealand international rugby union players
Canterbury rugby union players
Crusaders (rugby union) players
Living people
New Zealand rugby union players
Rugby union props
Melbourne Rebels players
People from Wairoa
Gloucester Rugby players
Expatriate rugby union players in England
Expatriate rugby union players in Australia
New Zealand expatriate sportspeople in England
New Zealand expatriate sportspeople in Australia
New Zealand expatriate rugby union players
Rugby union players from the Hawke's Bay Region |
5391359 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruan%20Pienaar | Ruan Pienaar | Ruan Pienaar (born 10 March 1984) is a South African professional rugby union player who currently plays either as a scrum-half or as a fly-half for the in the Currie Cup.
Pienaar is the son of former Springbok fullback Gysie Pienaar. Ruan is regarded as a very skilful rugby player. Besides being able to pass well, he can kick with both feet, and his vision and running style moved former Springbok coach Jake White to compare him with Australian fly-half Stephen Larkham.
Pienaar has been part of u19 (2003), u21 (2005) and senior Rugby World Cup (2007) winning squads. He also won the Currie Cup in 2008 and 2019.
International career
Pienaar made his debut for the Springboks in the 2006 Tri-Nations against New Zealand and was a member of the successful 2007 World Cup squad. As he did not play club rugby in South Africa since June 2010 it seemed unlikely that he would be called up again to play for the national team. SARU has a policy of selecting foreign based players in exceptional circumstances only. However, on 20 June 2011 it was reported that Pienaar had been named in South Africa's 49-Man World Cup preliminary training squad. Pienaar has been an ever present in South Africa squads ever since.
Club career
South Africa
Pienaar played his high school rugby in Bloemfontein, where he attended Grey College. He was selected for the Free State Craven Week side in 2002.
Pienaar played for in the Currie Cup, the Sharks in Super Rugby prior to joining Ulster.
Ulster
Ulster announced on 27 May 2010 that they had signed Pienaar on a two-year contract. Pienaar would play in the Celtic League and Heineken Cup along with fellow Springboks Johann Muller, Robbie Diack, Pedrie Wannenburg and BJ Botha at the Belfast based side. He made his Magners League debut on 1 October, scoring all of Ulster's 19 points in their victory over Glasgow Warriors. Pienaar was named at scrum half in the Magners League Team of the Year for the 2010/11 season and also scooped the Magners League player of the Year award which was voted for by his peers.
Pienaar signed a two-year extension to his Ulster contract during this time. Pienaar was again selected at scrum half for the Pro12 Dream Team for the 2011/12 season and was also named captain of the side. In 2012 Pienaar played in the Heineken Cup Final, scoring 9 points in the 42–14 defeat to Leinster. In 2013 he played in the Pro 12 Final, scoring all of Ulster's 18 points in the 24–18 loss to Leinster.
In October 2013 despite strong media reports linking him with Toulon, Pienaar signed a new 3-year extension to his Ulster contract keeping him in Belfast until the end of the 2016/17 season. No further contracts were offered due to the IRFU succession policy, limiting all four of the provinces to one foreign player per position. Pienaar's position at Ulster was untenable once Leinster signed a half back from New Zealand. He left the club as one of its most celebrated players of the professional era.
Later career
Pienaar played for Montpellier during the 2017/18 season before returning home to South Africa in 2019, signing with Pro14 outfit the Cheetahs where he also played Currie Cup. Prior to the inaugural United Rugby Championship, Pienaar was loaned to the Sharks for the 2021/22 season as part of work carried out to ensure as many of the best South African players were playing for the South African teams in the tournament as possible.
Personal life
Pienaar is a devout Christian, saying “I have always believed, with my Christianity, that there’s so much more to life than rugby,” and “Being here gives me an enormous sense of purpose. I am not just here for rugby, I’m here to touch lives.” He is the co-founder of a Bible study group for rugby players in South Africa. While playing for Ulster he regularly attended the Christian Fellowship Church on Belmont Road in Belfast.
Notes
References
External links
Profile with the Sharks
1984 births
Living people
Afrikaner people
South African Christians
South African rugby union players
South Africa international rugby union players
Rugby union scrum-halves
Alumni of Grey College, Bloemfontein
Rugby union players from Bloemfontein
Sharks (rugby union) players
Sharks (Currie Cup) players
Ulster Rugby players
South African expatriate rugby union players
South African expatriate sportspeople in the United Kingdom
Expatriate rugby union players in Ireland
Montpellier Hérault Rugby players
Free State Cheetahs players
Cheetahs (rugby union) players |
5391362 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tristychius | Tristychius | Tristychius (from , 'three' and 'row') is an extinct genus of shark from the Carboniferous period (Visean). Fossils of T. arcuatus, the type and only species, including fin spines have been found in Scotland.
Tristychius was a small shark, about long. It had a well-developed upturned caudal fin, similar to that of many modern sharks. Physically it may have resembled a modern dogfish. Tristychius also had spikes attached to the bases of its dorsal fins, probably for protection against predators.
References
Fossil taxa described in 1837
Carboniferous sharks
Carboniferous fish of Europe
Taxa named by Louis Agassiz |
5391363 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Blackfriars%20of%20Shrewsbury | The Blackfriars of Shrewsbury | The Black Friars of Shrewsbury is a short historical book by Paul Marsden, the former Shrewsbury MP, about the Dominican friars who arrived in Shrewsbury, England, in 1230 and built a church, cloisters, Lady chapel and series of outbuildings.
Book content
In 1221 St. Dominic, aged 51 years, died in Bologna, Italy. St. Dominic was revered for performing various miracles and caring for the poor and the sick. He was elected several times as bishop, but refused the position and preferred to stay among his fellow brethren. His Dominican friars moved freely among the citizenry spreading the word of God and helping those in need.
Henry III enthusiastically supported the friars in their quest to build a church in Shrewsbury, and from 1232 until the king's death in 1272, regularly gave orders to support the construction.
On the eve of the Battle of Shrewsbury in 1403, Prince Henry (later Henry V) stayed at the friary. The Dominican Church in England was split between the Welsh rebels and Henry IV, but the Shrewsbury friary remained loyal to the king and provided a safe haven for the prince. Following the battle, many of the noblemen who died on the battlefield were taken back to the friary and buried in its grounds.
Edward IV accompanied his pregnant wife Queen Elizabeth (Woodville) to the Shrewsbury friary in 1473. On 17 August, Richard was born. He became one of the Princes of the Tower, Richard of Shrewsbury and disappeared in the Tower of London together with his older brother King Edward V. Their uncle, Richard III was blamed for their disappearance.
The friary continued to serve the local Shropshire community, dispensing spiritual and medical help to local Salopians during its 300-year existence. However, on or around 29 September 1538, on Henry VIII's orders, the friary was forced to close and the friars were thrown out onto the streets of Shropshire.
On 25 April 1539, it was reported that a plate of "Black fryers in Shrewesbury" had been delivered to the royal treasury by Thomas Thacker. All of the stonework was torn down and sold off.
Minor excavations were carried out in the 19th century, 1970s and 1990s. A bishop's chalice, floor tiles and numerous skeletons were found. Little remains above ground which is covered by the modern Blackfriars apartments. Boxes containing parts of the skeletons are stored in the basement of Rowley's House Museum in Shrewsbury together with various artefacts.
See also
Aquinas and the Sacraments
Cestui que
Dissolution of the Monasteries
Dominican Order
English Reformation
Henry VIII of England
Saint Dominic
St. Thomas Aquinas
Third Order of St. Dominic
Thought of Thomas Aquinas
The English Dominicans
References
History of Shropshire
Shrewsbury
2005 books |
5391365 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roman%20Catholic%20Diocese%20of%20Mondo%C3%B1edo-Ferrol | Roman Catholic Diocese of Mondoñedo-Ferrol | The Roman Catholic Diocese of Mondoñedo-Ferrol (also known as "Dioecesis Mindoniensis-Ferrolensis") is the northernmost of the four Latin rite suffragan dioceses in the ecclesiastical province of the Metropolitan Archdiocese of Santiago de Compostela, which covers Galicia in the northwest of Spain. The area had previously been home to Britonia, a settlement founded by expatriate Britons in the wake of the Anglo-Saxon invasion of Britain. Britonia was represented by the diocese referred to as Britonensis ecclesia (Britton church) in sources from the 6th and 7th centuries.
The bishop has a (main) cathedral (from Latin "cathedra" meaning episcopal seat), a minor basilica and World Heritage Site (Catedral Basílica de la Virgen de la Asunción, dedicated to the Assumption of Mary) in Mondoñedo, administrative Province of Lugo, and a co-cathedral Concatedral de San Julián in Ferrol, administrative Province of A Coruña, as well as a former cathedral which is a minor basilica, Basilica de San Martín de Mondoñedo in Foz, Lugo province.
History
866: Established as Diocese of San Martiño de Mondoñedo on Galician territories split off from the Diocese of Oviedo and Metropolitan Archdiocese of Lugo
Renamed in 1114 as Diocese of San Martiño de Mondoñedo–Dume, having gained territory from the suppressed Diocese of Dume (in Portugal)
Renamed in 1219 as Diocese of Mondoñedo / Mindonien(sis) (Latin), having lost territory to Metropolitan Archdiocese of Braga (Portugal)
On 17 October 1954 it gained territory from Diocese of Oviedo, lost territory to Metropolitan Archdiocese of Santiago de Compostela, and exchanged territory with Diocese of Lugo
Renamed on 9 March 1959 as Diocese of Mondoñedo–Ferrol / Mindonien(sis)–Ferrolen(sis) (Latin)
Some authorities have sought to fix the date of the foundation of this diocese (under its primitive name of Britonia) earlier than the second half of the 6th century, but the later date seems the more probable when we consider that, at the Second Council of Braga (572), Mailoc, Bishop of Britonia, was ranked lowest because of the more recent origin of his see. It seems to have been founded by the Suevian king, Theodomir, converted to Catholicism by St Martin of Dumio, and to have included in its jurisdiction the churches of the Britones (a territory coinciding with that of Mondoñedo) and some of those of the Asturias. In the beginning it was a suffragan of Lugo, until the Goths placed Lugo under the jurisdiction of Braga. After Mailoc no mention is found of the bishops of Britonia for a long time, doubtless because the great distance from Toledo made it impossible for them to assist at the councils. In 633 Metopius, Bishop of Britonia, assisted at the Fourth Council of Toledo, presided over by St Isidore of Seville. Sonna, his successor, was one of the bishops who signed at the Seventh Council of Toledo (646) and sent a representative to the Eighth Council of Toledo (16 December 653). When Britonia was invaded and destroyed by the Saracens, the bishop and priests took refuge in Asturias. In 899, during the reign of Alfonso III of Asturias, Theodesimus, Bishop of Britonia, assisted with other prelates at the consecration of the church of Santiago de Compostela. It may also be noted that, in the repartition of the parishes, the church of San Pedro de Nova was assigned as the residence of the bishops of Britonia and Orense, when they should come to assist at the councils of Oviedo. By that time, however, the See of Britonia had been translated to the town of Mondumetum and the church of St. Martin of Dumio, or Mondoñedo. The diocese has since been most generally known by this name, although the episcopal residence has again changed. After the time of St. Martin it was transferred to Villamayor de Brea, from which it derived the name of Villabriensis, and afterwards to Ribadeo, but it was nevertheless known as Mindoniense, as a document of the year 1199 bears witness. At first, its patron was St. Martin of Tours, but St. Martin of Dumio was afterwards chosen patron.
The diocese of Valabria, corresponding to the diocese that had its seat at Villamayor de Brea, is included in the Catholic Church's list of titular sees.
Leadership
Bishops of Britonia (Bretoña)
Mailoc (Second Council of Braga, 572)
Metopius (Fourth Council of Toledo, 633)
Sonna (Seventh Council of Toledo, 646)
Susa (Eighth Council of Toledo, 653)
Bela (Third Council of Braga, 675)
Bishops of Dumio (Dumium, San Martiño)
Savaric I (866–877)
Rudesind I (877–907)
Savaric II (907–924)
Rudesind II (925–950)
Arias I Núnez (950–955)
Rudesind II (again) (955–958)
Arias I Núnez (again) (959–962)
Rodrigo (965–972)
Teodomiro (972–977)
Arias II Peláez (977–984)
Armentario (984–1011)
Suario I (1015–1022)
Nuño I (1025–1027)
Adulfo (¿–?)
Albito (1040?)
Suario II (1058–1071)
Saint Gonzalo (1071–1112)
Nuño Alfonso (1112–1136)
Bishops of Vilamaior
Pelayo I (1136–1154)
Pedro I (1155–1167)
Joán Pérez (1170–1173)
Rabinato (1177–1199)
Bishop of Ribadeo
Pelayo de Cebeyra (Pelayo II) (1199–1218)
Bishops of Mondoñedo
Martín Duniense (1219–1248)
Joán II de Sebastiáns (1248–1261)
Nuño II Pérez (1261–1286)
Álvaro Gómez (1286–1297)
Rodrigo Vázquez (1298–1318)
Gonzalo Osorio (1319–1326)
Joán III (1327–1329)
Álvaro Pérez de Biezma (1326–13431)
Vasco (1343–1346)
Alfonso Sánchez (1347–1366)
Francisco I (1367–1393)
Lope de Mendoza (1393–1399)
Álvaro de Isorna (1400–14151)
Gil Soutelo (1415–1425)
Gil Rodríguez de Muros (1429–1432)
Pedro Henríquez (1426–1445)
Pedro Arias Vaamonde (1446–1448)
Alfonso de Segura (1449–1455)
Alfonso Vázquez de Acuña (1455–1457, appointed Bishop of Jaén)
Fadrique de Guzmán (1462–1492)
Alonso Suárez de la Fuente del Sauce (1493–1495, appointed Bishop of Lugo)
Pedro de Munébrega (1498–1504)
Diego de Muros (bishop of Oviedo) (4 Apr 1505 Appointed – 1 Oct 1512 Appointed, Bishop of Oviedo)
Diego Pérez Villamuriel (1 Oct 1512 Appointed – 1520 Died)
Juan Loaysa (8 Jun 1524 – 1525 Died)
Jerónimo Suárez Maldonado (10 Jul 1525 Appointed – 20 Mar 1532 Appointed, Bishop of Badajoz)
Pedro Pacheco de Villena (Ladrón de Guevara) (6 Sep 1532 Appointed – 11 Apr 1537 Appointed, Bishop of Ciudad Rodrigo)
Antonio Guevara Noroña, O.F.M. (11 Apr 1537 Appointed – 3 Apr 1545 Died)
Diego Soto Valera (27 Nov 1545 Appointed – 21 Aug 1549 Died)
Francisco de Santa María Benavides Velasco, O.S.H. (17 Jul 1550 Appointed – 21 Oct 1558 Appointed, Bishop of Segovia)
Pedro Maldonado (bishop), O.F.M. (23 Jan 1559 Appointed – 2 Jul 1566 Died)
Gonzalo de Solórzano (13 Jan 1567 Appointed – 18 Feb 1570 Appointed, Bishop of Oviedo)
Antonio Luján Luján, O.F.M. (20 Feb 1570 Appointed – 7 Oct 1570 Died)
Juan de Liermo Hermosa (4 Jun 1574 Appointed – 26 Jul 1582 Appointed, Archbishop of Santiago de Compostela)
Isidoro Caja de la Jara (20 Dec 1582 Appointed – 26 May 1593 Died)
Gonzalo Gutiérrez Montilla (16 Nov 1593 Appointed – 18 Sep 1598 Appointed, Bishop of Oviedo)
Diego González Samaniego (1 Feb 1599 Appointed – 22 Oct 1611 Died)
Alfonso Mesía de Tovar (18 Jun 1612 Appointed – 27 Jan 1616 Appointed, Bishop of Astorga)
Pedro Fernández Zorrilla (23 Mar 1616 Appointed – 23 Jul 1618 Appointed, Bishop of Badajoz)
Rafael Díaz de Cabrera, O.SS.T. (6 Aug 1618 Appointed – 30 Sep 1630 Died)
Francisco Villafañe (12 May 1631 Appointed – 5 Sep 1633 Appointed, Bishop of Osma)
Antonio Valdés Herrera (19 Dec 1633 Appointed – 23 Jun 1636 Appointed, Bishop of Oviedo)
Gonzalo Sánchez de Somoza Quiroga (21 Jun 1638 Appointed – 14 Aug 1644 Died)
Juan Juániz de Echalar (31 Jul 1645 Appointed – 16 Dec 1647 Appointed, Bishop of Calahorra y La Calzada)
Francisco Torres Grijalba, O.S.A. (13 Jan 1648 Appointed – 4 Sep 1672 Died)
Dionisio Pérez Escobosa (23 Apr 1663 – 9 Jul 1668 Appointed, Bishop of Zamora)
Luis Tello de Olivares (26 Nov 1668 – 16 May 1671 Died)
Sebastián de Arévalo y Torres, O.F.M. (16 May 1672 – 20 Apr 1682 Appointed, Bishop of Osma)
Gabriel Ramírez de Arellano, O.P. (25 May 1682 – 22 Oct 1689 Died)
Miguel Quijada, O. Cist. (27 Sep 1690 – 31 May 1698 Died)
Manuel Francisco Navarrete y Ladrón de Guevara (1 Jun 1699 – 18 May 1705 Appointed, Archbishop of Burgos)
Juan Antonio Muñoz Salcedo, O.S.H. (1705 Ordained Bishop – 5 May 1728 Died)
Antonio Alejandro Sarmiento Sotomayor, O.S.B. (21 Sep 1728 – 18 Oct 1751 Died)
Juan Manuel de Escobar y de la Carrera (24 Apr 1752 Appointed – 27 Jul 1752 Died)
Carlos Antonio Riomol Quiroga (17 Nov 1752 Appointed – 1 Mar 1761 Died)
José Francisco Losada Quiroga (23 Nov 1761 Appointed – 30 Jun 1779 Died)
Francisco Cuadrillero Mota (11 Dec 1780 Appointed – 23 Mar 1797 Died)
Andrés Aguiar Caamaño (18 Dec 1797 Appointed – 12 Nov 1815 Died)
Bartolomé Cienfuegos (22 Jul 1816 Appointed – 22 Jan 1827 Died)
Franciso López Borricón (25 Jun 1827 Appointed – 10 Dec 1839 Died)
Tomás Iglesias Bárcones (20 May 1850 Appointed – 28 Nov 1851 Appointed, Patriarch of West Indies)
Telmo Maceira (27 Sep 1852 Appointed – 28 Sep 1855 Appointed, Bishop of Tui)
Ponciano Arciniega (25 Sep 1857 Appointed – 3 Sep 1868 Died)
Francisco de Sales Crespo y Bautista (5 Jul 1875 Appointed – 18 Feb 1877 Died)
José Manuel Palacios y López (25 Jun 1877 Appointed – 2 Dec 1885 Died)
José María Cos y Macho (10 Jun 1886 Appointed – 14 Feb 1889 Appointed, Archbishop of Santiago de Cuba)
Manuel Fernández de Castro y Menéndez (30 Dec 1889 Appointed – 27 Jun 1905 Died)
Juan José Solís y Fernández (14 Dec 1905 Appointed – 24 Feb 1931 Died)
Benjamín de Arriba y Castro (1 May 1935 Appointed – 8 Aug 1944 Appointed, Bishop of Oviedo)
Fernando Quiroga y Palacios (25 Nov 1945 Appointed – 4 Jun 1949 Appointed, Archbishop of Santiago de Compostela)
Mariano Vega Mestre (5 Oct 1950 Appointed – 25 Apr 1957 Died)
Bishops of Mondoñedo-Ferrol
Jacinto Argaya Goicoechea (12 September 1957 Appointed – 18 November 1968 Appointed, Bishop of San Sebastián)
Miguel Angel Araújo Iglesias (2 July 1970 Appointed – 20 May 1985 Resigned)
José Gea Escolano (15 May 1987 Appointed – 6 June 2005 Retired)
Manuel Sánchez Monge (6 June 2005 Appointed – 6 May 2015 Appointed, Bishop of Santander)
Luis Ángel de las Heras Berzal (16 March 2016 Appointed – 21 October 2020 Appointed, Bishop of León)
Fernando García Cadiñanos (1 July 2021 Appointed – present)
Statistics and extent
As of 2014, it served 290,000 Catholics (99.7% of 291,000 total population) on 4,425 km2 in
422 parishes, covering the northern part of the Province of A Coruña and the Province of Lugo, with 153 priests (143 diocesan, 10 religious), 225 lay religious (14 brothers, 211 sisters) and 3 seminarians.
Parishes by District
Azumara District
Ansemar
Arneiro
Azúmara
Balmonte
Baltar
Bazar
Bián
Bretoña
Cadavedo
Castro de Rei
Corbelle
Crecente
Ferreiros (Santo André)
Ferreiros (San Martiño)
Fonmiñá
Goberno
Graña de Vilarente
Gueimonde
Lagoa
Loboso
Moncelos
Muimenta
Outeiro
Pacios
A Pastoriza
Piñeiro
Pousada
Prevesos
Quintela
Ramil
Reigosa (San Vicente)
Reigosa (Santiago)
Saldanxe
Silva
Santa Leocadia
Úbeda
Viladonga
Vilarente
Begonte-Parga District
Baamonde
Becín
Begonte
Bóveda
O Buriz
Carral
Castro
Cerdeiras
Damil
Donalbai
Felmil
Gaibor
Guitiriz
Illán
Labrada
Lagostelle
Mariz
Pacios
Parga (San Breixo)
Parga (Santo Estevo)
Parga (O Salvador)
Parga (Santa Cruz)
Parga (Santa Leocadia)
Pena (San Vicente)
Pena (Santa Eulalia)
Roca
Saavedra
Trasparga
Trobo
Uriz
Valdomar
Vilar
Os Vilares
Virís
Cedeira District
Abade
A Barqueira
Os Casás
Cedeira
Cerdido
Cervo
Esteiro
Labacengos
Moeche (Santa Cruz)
Moeche (San Xoán)
Moeche (San Xurxo)
Montoxo (San Román)
Montoxo (San Xiao)
Piñeiro
Régoa
Teixido
Vilarrube
Ferrol-Chamorro District
Brión
A Cabana
Cobas
Doniños
Esmelle
Narón (Santa Icía)
Ferrol (Santa Mariña)
Ferrol (San Paulo)
Ferrol (San Xoán de Filgueiras)
A Graña
Mandíá
A Mariña
Serantes
Ferrol]]-San Julian District
Ferrol (Nosa Señora das Angustias)
Ferrol (Nosa Señora das Dores)
Ferrol (Nosa Señora do Carme)
Ferrol (Nosa Señora do Pilar)
Ferrol (Nosa Señora do Rosario)
Ferrol (Nosa Señora do Socorro)
Ferrol (San Domingos)
Ferrol (San Miguel Arcanxo)
Ferrol (San Pedro Apóstolo)
Ferrol (San Pío X)
Ferrol (San Rosendo)
Ferrol (San Xiao)
Ferrol (Santa Cruz)
Ferrol (Santa María)
Miranda District
Agarda
Aldurfe
Álvare
Bogo
Conforto
Espasande
Ferreiravella
Galegos
Meilán
Moxoeira
Órrea
A Pontenova
Rececende (Santo Estevo)
Rececende (San Xoán)
Riotorto
Vilaboa
Vilarmeá
Vilarmide
Vilaodrid
Xudán
Mondoñedo District
Argomoso
Cabarcos (San Xiao)
Cabarcos (San Xusto)
Celeiro de Mariñaos
Couboeira
Figueiras
Líndín
Lourenzá (Santo Adrián)
Lourenzá (San Tomé)
Lourenzá (San Xurxo)
Santa María Maior
Masma
Mondoñedo (Nosa Señora do Carme)
Mondoñedo (Nosa Señora dos Remedios)
Mondoñedo (Santiago)
Mondoñedo (San Vicente)
Oirán
Sasdónigas
Vilamor
Vilanova de Lourenzá
Viloalle
Ortigueira District
Barbos
Cariño
Céltigos
Couzadoiro (San Cristobo)
Couzadoiro (O Salvador)
Cuiña
Os Devesos
O Ermo
Espasante
Feás
Os Freires
As Grañas do Sor
Insua, Ladrido
Landoi
Loiba
Luía
Mera (Santiago)
Mera (Santa María)
As Neves
Ortigueira
A Pedra
Senra
Sismundi
San Claudio
Veiga
As Pontes District
Apparel
Burgás
O Burgo
Cabreiros
Candamil
O Deveso
Espiñaredo
O Freixo
Irixoa
Lousada
Miraz
Momán
Muras
Piñeiro
Pontes (Somede)
As Pontes (Santa María)
Recemel
Roupar
Seixas
As Somozas
Vilavella
Viveiró
Xermade
Xestoso (San Pedro)
Xestoso (Santa María)
Ribadeo District
Arante
Balboa
Barreiros
Benquerencia
Cedofeita
Couxela
Cubelas
A Devesa
Fórnea
Ove
Piñeira
Reinante (Santiago)
Reinante (San Miguel)
Ría de Abres
Ribadeo
Rinlo
Sante
Trabada
Vidal
Vilaformán
Vilaframil
Vilamartín Pequeno
Vilaosende
Vilaouruz
Vilapena
Vilaselán
(Mondoñedo) San Martino District
Burela
Cangas de Foz
Castelo
Cervo
Fazouro
Foz
Lago
San Martiño de Mondoñedo
Monte
Morás
Nois
Portocelo
A Rigueira
Rúa
Sargadelos
Sumoas
San Cibrán (Lieiro)
Santa Icía
Vilaestrofe
Vilaronte
Xove
Xuances
Terra Chá District
Arcillá
Barredo
Bendia
Bestar
Bexán
Cospeito
Duancos
Duarría
Feira do Monte
Goá
Lamas
Lea
Loentia
Ludrio
Matodoso
A Meda
Momán
Mondriz
Mos
Nete
Oleiros
Orizón
Pino
Ribeiras de Lea
Rioaveso (Santa Eulalia)
Rioaveso (San Xurxo)
Roás
Seixas
Sisoi
Sistallo
Sobrada
Santa Cristina
Taboi
Támoga
Triabá
Vilapene
Xermar
Xustás
Valadouro District
Adelán
Alaxe
Bacoi
Budián
Cadramón
Carballido
Castro de Ouro
Cordido
Ferreira do Valadouro
Frexulfe
Lagoa
Mor
Moucide
Oirás
Pereiro
Recaré (San Tomé)
Recaré (San Xiao)
Valadouro (Santo Acisclo)
Valadouro (Santa Cruz)
Vilacampa
Vilalba District
Abadín
Abeledo
Alba
Aldixe
Árbol
A Balsa
Baroncelle
Belesar
Boizán
Cabaneiro
Candia
Carballido
Castromaior
Cazás
Codesido
Corbelle
Corvite
San Simón da Costa
Distriz
Fanoi
Galgao
As Goás
Goiriz
Gondaisque
Insua
Labrada
Ladra
Lanzós (San Martiño)
Lanzós (O Salvador)
Montouto
Mourence
Noche
Pígara
Quende
Román
Romariz
Samarugo
Sancobade
Santaballa
Soexo
Tardade
Torre
Vilalba
Vilapedre
Xoibán
Viveiro District
Ambosores
Boimente
Bravos
Cabanas (San Pantaleón)
Cabanas (Santa María)
Celeiro
Covas
Chavín
Faro
Galdo
Landrove
Magazos
Mañón
Merille
Miñotos
Mogor (O Barqueiro)
Mosende
As Negradas
Ourol
Ribeiras do Sor
Riobarba
Silán, Sixto
Suegos
San Román do Val
Valcarría
Vares
O Vicedo
Vieiro
Viveiro (San Pedro)
Viveiro (Santiago)
Viveiro (Santa María)
Xerdiz
Xubia District
Anca
Bardaos
Castro
Doso
Ferreira
Igrexafeita
Lago
Lamas
Loira
Lourido
Meirás
Santa Mariña do Monte
Naraío
Narón (Nosa Señora dos Desamparados)
Narón (Santiago Apóstolo)
Narón (San Xosé)
Narón (San Xiao)
Neda (Santa María)
Neda (San Nicolás)
Pantín
Pedroso
Sedes
Sequeiro
San Sadurniño
San Mateo de Trasancos
O Val
Valdoviño
Vilaboa
Viladonelle
Xubia
San Martiño do Couto
Xubia (Santa Rita)
See also
List of Catholic dioceses in Spain, Andorra, Ceuta and Gibraltar
References
Sources and external links
Official web site of the Diocese of Mondoñedo-Ferrol
GCatholic.org - Diocese of Mondoñedo-Ferrol - data for all sections
Catholic Hierarchy - Diocese of Mondoñedo-Ferrol
List of Spanish Dioceses
Official Web-site of the Archdiocese of Santiago de Compostela
Official Web-site of the Diocese of Lugo
Official Web-site of the Diocese of Ourense
Official Web-site of the Diocese of Tui-Vigo
Roman Catholic dioceses in Spain
Province of A Coruña |
5391369 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahauddin%20Zakariya | Bahauddin Zakariya | Baha-ud-din Zakariya (Urdu and ) (c.1170 – 1262), also spelled Bahauddin Zakariya, and also known as Baha-ul-Haq and Bahauddin Zakariya Multani, was a Sunni Muslim scholar saint and poet who established the Suhrawardiyya order of Baghdad in medieval South Asia, later becoming one of the most influential spiritual leaders of his era.
Life
Abu Muhammad Bahauddin Zakariya, later known simply as Bahauddin Zakariya, was born around 1170 CE in Kot Kehror (now known as Karor Lal Esan), a town near the ancient city of Multan, in the southern part of the Punjab province of modern Pakistan. His grandfather, Shah Kamal-ud-Din Ali Shah Qureshi, had arrived in Multan from Mecca, Arabia while en route to the Khwarezm region of Central Asia.
Bahauddin Zakariya descended from the lineage of Asad Ibn Hashim, and was hence a Hashmi, or direct descendant of the same clan lineage as Muhammad.
The renowned Persian Sufi master Shahab al-Din Abu Hafs Umar Suhrawardi of Baghdad awarded Zakariya the spiritual title Caliph in Baghdad, and then assigned him back to the Multan region.
For fifteen years, Zakariya travelled to different cities in southern Punjab, where the order was able to attract large numbers of converts from Hinduism. Zakariya finally settled in Multan in 1222. Under his influence, Multan became known as "Baghdad of the East," and is referred by Zakariya in his Persian poetry:
Zakariya became a vocal critic of Multan's ruler at the time, Nasir-ud-Din Qabacha, and sided with Iltutmish, the Mamluk Sultan of Delhi when he overthrew Qabacha in 1228. Zakariya's support was crucial for Iltutmish's victory, and so he was awarded the title Shaikh-ul-Islam by Iltutmish to oversee the state's spiritual matters, in gratitude for his support. Zakariya was also granted official state patronage by the Sultan.
During his lifetime, Zakariya befriended Lal Shahbaz Qalandar - a widely revered Sufi saint from Sindh's, and founder of the Qalandariyya order of wandering dervishes. As Shaikh-ul-Islam, Zakariya was able to assuage orthodox Muslims, who were offended by the Lal Shahbaz Qalandar's teachings. Zakariya, and Shahbaz Qalandar, together with Baba Fariduddin Ganjshakar of the Chisti order, and Zakariya also befriended Syed Jalalauddin Bukhari,which then became apart of the legendary Haq Char Yaar, or "Four friends" group, which is highly revered among South Asian Muslims.
Spiritual philosophy
Zakariya's Tariqat, or Sufi philosophical orientation, was to the renowned Persian Sufi master Shahab al-Din Abu Hafs Umar Suhrawardi of Baghdad. The Suhrawardi order rejected a life of poverty, as espoused by the Chisti order that was more prevalent in the Lahore region. Instead, the Suhrawardis believed in ordinary food and clothing, and rejected the Chisti assertion that spirituality lay upon a foundation of poverty. The Suhrawardis also rejected the early Chisti practice of dissociation from the political State.
Zakariya's preachings emphasized the need to conform to usual Islamic practices like fasting (roza) and alms-giving (zakat), but also advocated a philosophy of scholarship (ilm) combined with spirituality. His emphasis on teaching all humans, regardless of class or ethnicity, set him apart from his contemporary Hindu mystics.
He did not reject the traditional of spiritual music that was heavily emphasized in Chisti worship, but only partook in it on occasion. He rejected the Chisti tradition of bowing in reverence to religious leaders - a practice that may have been borrowed from Hinduism.
Impact
Zakariya's teachings spread widely throughout southern Punjab and Sindh, and drew large numbers of converts from Hinduism. His successors continued to exert strong influences over southern Punjab for the next several centuries, while his order spread further east into regions of northern India, especially in Gujarat and Bengal.
Shrine
Baha-ud-Din Zakariya died in 1268 and his mausoleum (Darbar) is located in Multan. The mausoleum is a square of , measured internally. Above this is an octagon, about half the height of the square, which is surmounted by a hemispherical dome. The mausoleum was almost completely ruined during the Siege of Multan in 1848 by the British, but was soon afterward restored by local Muslims.
Many pilgrims visit his shrine at the time of his urs from different parts of Pakistan and beyond.
Writings
Awrad-e-Shaikhush Shuyukh: Al-Awrad : Awrad-e-Suhrawardy
( اوراد شيخ الشيوخ : الاوراد : اوراد سهروردي)
See also
Suhrawardiyya
Commemorative honors
Bahauddin Zakaria Express train is named after him, which runs between Karachi and Multan.
Bahauddin Zakariya University located in Multan is named after him which is the largest institution in Southern Punjab.
References
Pakistani Sufi saints
1262 deaths
1170s births
People from Multan
Punjabi Sufis |
5391371 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/German%20place%20names%20in%20Alsace | German place names in Alsace | Below is a list of the historic German language exonyms for towns and village in the Alsace region of France (German: Elsaß) used prior to the annexation of the region by France during the reign of King Louis XIV of France in 1681 and again from 1870 to 1918 and from 1940 to 1945, when Alsace was re-annexed to Germany. Alsatian names used since the 6th century differ.
This list includes only names that differ significantly; the list of minor spelling differences, such as Zutzendorf/Zützendorf is incomplete. Included are names where the sole difference is -weiler instead of -willer, e.g. Dettwiller (French)/Dettweiler (German).
See also
Alsace
German exonyms
List of European exonyms
Alsace
Geography of Grand Est
German |
5391377 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bijan%20and%20Manijeh | Bijan and Manijeh | Bijan and Manijeh (also Bizhan and Manizheh, Persian بيژن و منيژه - Bīžan ow Manīža) is a love story in Ferdowsi's Shahnameh. Bijan was the son of Giv, a famous Iranian knight during the reign of Kay Khosrow, the Shah of Iran, and Banu Goshasp, the heroine daughter of Rostam. Bijan falls in love with Manijeh, the daughter of Afrasiab, the king of Turan and the greatest enemy of Iran. The tale of his suffering and Manijeh’s constancy has been quoted by several others.
The tragedy of Bijan and Manijeh
People from Armenia complain to Kay Khosrow, the Shah of Iran, that wild boars are invading their fields. Bijan fights the boars, forcing them back to their lairs. The day after, Gorgin, an Iranian knight who had accompanied Bijan on the quest, describes the beautiful gardens of Afrasiab to Bijan, tempting him to cross the border from Iran into the mythical land of Turan on the northern shores of the Caspian Sea. Turan is ruled over by the evil and egotistical King Afrasiab. In the garden, he meets Manijeh, Afrasiab's beautiful daughter. They fall madly in love; however, knowing her father's reaction to accepting an Iranian prince in her private chambers, Manijeh gives Bijan a sleeping potion and smuggles him into her house. He wakes, and Manijeh and her maids keep him hidden for many days. Eventually Afrasiab learns of Bijan and captures him.
Afrasiab sentences Manijeh into exile, so that both Bijan and Manijeh are forced to live out their days in the wilderness. Bijan also sends secret messages to Rostam, the Iranian hero charged with keeping the country safe from Afrasiab. Kai Khosrow, the Shah of Iran, looks into his Crystal Cup, and sees Bijan in the forest. Instead of launching a frontal invasion to find Bijan, the hero Rostam disguises himself as a merchant and, along with a few knights, enters Turan. When Manijeh hears that a wealthy merchant from Iran has arrived in Turan, she hopes that he was sent to find Bijan. They find Bijan and escape into Iran where there is much rejoicing at Bijan return to his homeland. Furious with his own daughter's treason, Afrasiab declares war on Iran. The Iranian and Turanian armies meet and a mighty battle ensues. The skies turn dark from the dust of the battlefield while trumpets and clashing cymbals signify the attack of the Iranian cavalry. Turan is defeated, and Afrasiab is forced to return home without his daughter and in shame.
Family tree
References
Sources
Ferdowsi Shahnameh. From the Moscow version. Mohammed Publishing.
Bijan and Manijeh, by Hakim Abol-Qasem Ferdowsi Tousi, translated into English by Helen Zimmern (Iran Chamber Society).
A king's book of kings: the Shah-nameh of Shah Tahmasp, an exhibition catalog from The Metropolitan Museum of Art (fully available online as PDF), which contains material on Bijan and Manijeh
External links
Shahnameh characters
Shahnameh stories
Persian mythology
Persian poems
Narrative poems |
5391383 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corrado%20Barazzutti | Corrado Barazzutti | Corrado Barazzutti (born 19 February 1953, in Udine) is a former tennis player from Italy. His career-high singles ranking was World No. 7, achieved in August 1978.
After his player career Barazzutti was non-playing captain of the Italy Davis Cup team and the Italy Fed Cup team. Since he has been captain, the Italian Fed Cup team have won the Fed Cup (now known as Billie Jean King Cup) four times: 2006, 2009, 2010 and 2013.
Career
As player
Barazzutti gained fame in 1971 by winning the Orange Bowl and the French Open Boys' Singles, and he turned professional in the same year. He had been called to the Italy Davis Cup team the previous year, an event which he played a total of 44 matches. In 1976, Barazzutti was a member of the Italian Davis Cup team who won the Davis Cup in Chile.
In Grand Slam tournaments, his best results are the semifinals in 1977 at the US Open and in 1978 at the French Open; he was beaten in straight sets by Jimmy Connors and Björn Borg respectively. Barazzutti won five career ATP tournaments.
Singles finals (5 titles, 8 runners-up)
As coach
In 2002 Barazzutti was appointed coach and, until 2017, non-player captain of the Fed Cup women's team. Under Barazzutti's guidance, the team has won the Fed Cup four times (2006, 2009, 2010, 2013). Until 2020 Barazzutti coached the men's Davis Cup too. In 2020 he coached for a brief period of time Italian tennis player Fabio Fognini.
See also
Tennis in Italy
References
External links
Officina del Tennis by Corrado Barazzutti
1953 births
Living people
French Open junior champions
Italian male tennis players
Sportspeople from Udine
Grand Slam (tennis) champions in boys' singles
Italian tennis coaches |
5391399 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monoon%20longifolium | Monoon longifolium | Monoon longifolium, the false ashoka, also commonly known by its synonym Polyalthia longifolia, is an Asian small tree species in the family Annonaceae. It is native to southern India and Sri Lanka, but has been widely introduced elsewhere in tropical Asia. This evergreen tree is known to grow over 20 m. in height and is commonly planted due to its effectiveness in alleviating noise pollution. It exhibits symmetrical pyramidal growth with willowy weeping pendulous branches and long narrow lanceolate leaves with undulate margins.
Monoon longifolium is sometimes incorrectly identified as the ashoka tree (Saraca indica) because of the close resemblance of both trees. It can appear to have no branches, but in fact a M. longifolium allowed to grow naturally (without trimming the branches out for decorative reasons) grows into a normal large tree giving plenty of shade.
Common names
Common names include false ashoka, the Buddha tree, Indian mast tree, and Indian fir tree. Its names in other languages include Ashoka in Sanskrit, Unboi (উনবৈ) or Debadaru (দেৱদাৰু) in Assamese, Debdaru in Bengali and Hindi, Asopalav (Gujarati), Glodogan tiang (Indonesian), Ashok in Marathi and Nettilinkam நெட்டிலிங்கம் in Tamil, and araNamaram: അരണമരം (Malayalam).
In British India
The False ashoka was cultivated and gained popularity in British India for nostalgic reasons because it resembled the tall, harrow Italian cypress; it also was used for ships' masts. It does not require pruning in order to maintain its tall, straight, main trunk with short, drooping branches.
Distribution
Found natively in India and Sri Lanka. It is introduced in gardens in many tropical countries around the world. It is, for example, widely used in parts of Jakarta in Indonesia and the Caribbean islands of Trinidad and Tobago.
Leaves
Emerging leaves have a coppery brown pigmentation; as the leaves grow older, the color becomes a light green and, finally, a dark green. The leaves are lanceolate and have wavy edges. The leaves are larval food plant of the tailed jay and the kite swallowtail butterflies.
Flowering
In spring, the tree is covered with delicate star-like pale green flowers. The flowering period lasts for a short period, usually two to three weeks.
Fruit is borne in clusters of 10–20, initially green but turning purple or black when ripe. These are eaten by birds such as the Asian koel, Eudynamys scolopaceus, and fruit bats, including flying foxes.
Uses
The leaves are used for ornamental decoration during festivals. The tree is a focal point in gardens throughout India. The tree can be pruned into various shapes and maintained in required sizes. The flexible, straight and light-weight trunks were once used in the making of masts for sailing ships. Thus, the tree is also known as the Mast Tree. Today, its wood is mostly used for manufacturing small articles such as pencils, boxes, matchsticks, etc. The oil of the seed has been confirmed to possess anti-oxidant, anti-lipooxygenase and antimicrobial (against various microbe strains) activities, among others. Bankole et al 2016 find M. longifolium does control chloroquine resistant strains of Plasmodium berghei ANKA in mouse to some degree but is not an effective treatment.
Methanolic extracts of Monoon longifolium have yielded 20 known and two new organic compounds, some of which show cytotoxic properties.
The fatty acid composition of the seed has also been reported
References
Flora of India (region)
longifolium |
5391405 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul%20M.%20Doty | Paul M. Doty | Paul Mead Doty (June 1, 1920 – December 5, 2011) was Mallinckrodt Professor of Biochemistry at Harvard University, specializing in the physical properties of macromolecules and strongly involved in peace and security policy issues.
Biography
Doty was born in Charleston, West Virginia. He graduated from Penn State University in 1941 and took his doctorate from Columbia University under Joseph Edward Mayer. From 1943-45, he was at the Polytechnic Institute of Brooklyn. He joined the chemistry department Harvard University in 1948, became a member of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences in 1951, and became a member of the National Academy of Sciences in 1957. In 1954, he helped to recruit James Watson to the Harvard Biolabs, the home of the Biology Department, as an assistant professor.
In 1960, while working in Doty's lab, Julius Marmur discovered the reversible hybridization of DNA. Doty later helped to found the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and became its first chairman in 1968. His scientific work involved the characterization of biopolymers such as DNA, proteins and collagen by optical methods such as circular dichroism and light scattering. In his 42 years at Harvard, he supervised the research of 44 students, 10 of whom have been elected to the National Academy of Sciences.
As a graduate student, he worked on the Manhattan project, which led to his lifelong involvement in activities aiming to avert nuclear war. He was a special assistant to the president for national security and member of the President's Science and Arms Control Advisory Committees and in 1973 was a founder and director emeritus of the Belfer Center for Science and International Affairs at Harvard.
He was a member of the board of the Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists. He was involved for many years in the Pugwash Conferences. He was also a member of the American Philosophical Society. After retirement he continued to work on Russian-American scientific relations and was board member of George Soros' International Science Foundation that provided support to Russian scientists in the 1990s.
Awards
1956 ACS Award in Pure Chemistry
References
External links
Oral history interview transcript with Paul Doty in December 2004, American Institute of Physics, Niels Bohr Library & Archives
Paul Doty biodata, Harvard Kennedy School's Belfer Center website
1920 births
2011 deaths
Polymer scientists and engineers
Members of the United States National Academy of Sciences
American physical chemists
Pennsylvania State University alumni
Columbia University alumni
Harvard University faculty
American anti–nuclear weapons activists
Educators from Charleston, West Virginia
Scientists from West Virginia
Polytechnic Institute of New York University faculty
Members of the American Philosophical Society |
5391410 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neboj%C5%A1a%20Bradi%C4%87 | Nebojša Bradić | Nebojša Bradić (, born 1956) is a Serbian theater director. He served as the Minister of Culture in the Government of Serbia from 2008 to 2011.
Biography
Bradić was born in Trstenik, Serbia. He graduated from the Faculty of Dramatic Arts in Belgrade with a degree in radio and theater.
From 1981 to 1996, he worked as the manager of the Kruševac Theater.
He was the head of Atelier 212 from 1996 to 1997, and then became the manager of the National Theater.
He was director and general director of Belgrade Drama Theatre from 2000 to 2008. Bradić taught acting at the Belgrade Academy of Fine Arts.
He was the Minister of Culture of Serbia from 2008 to 2011.
Bradić has been the editor-in-chief of the Arts and Culture Programme at the Radio Television of Serbia (2015-2019).
He has directed more than 70 plays in domestic, Bosnian and Greek theaters.
He is an author of many articles on theatre and culture politics.
Awards
He is the recipient of important Serbian theatre awards. He was the first winner of the Nikola Peca Petrovic Award for the best Yugoslav theatre manager. He won nine awards as director at the Joakim Vujic Theatre Festival. He won nine award for the best directing at the first
JoakimInterFest in Kragujevac 2006. He received the Sterija Award for best modern theatre adaptation, dramatisation and directing, Award of the Knjaževsko-srpski teatar, The Ring with figure of Joakim Vujić 2008.
References
External links
Serbian theatre directors
People from Trstenik, Serbia
1956 births
Living people
G17 Plus politicians
Government ministers of Serbia |
5391412 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australian%20Rugby%20Championship | Australian Rugby Championship | The Australian Rugby Championship, often abbreviated to the ARC and also known as the Mazda Australian Rugby Championship for sponsorship purposes, is a now-defunct domestic professional men's rugby union football competition in Australia, which ran for only one season in 2007. It was the predecessor to the current National Rugby Championship. The competition, similar to New Zealand's ITM Cup and South Africa's Currie Cup, aimed to bridge the gap between existing club rugby and the international Super Rugby competition then known as Super 14. The ARC involved eight teams: three from New South Wales, two from Queensland, and one each from the Australian Capital Territory, Victoria and Western Australia.
From its inception the ARC divided many in Australian rugby, with arguments over the structure and format of the competition and concerns that the creation of arbitrary state-based teams undermined the strong club competitions in Sydney and Brisbane. On 18 December 2007, the Australian Rugby Union (ARU) announced that the ARC would be scrapped due to financial losses of A$4.7 million (US$4.0 million, € 2.8 million, £2.0 million).
On 10 December 2013, Bill Pulver, the CEO of the Australian Rugby Union announced a new competition along similar lines, the National Rugby Championship, to include 8 to 10 teams in "major population centres".
History
The official announcement on the agreement of a national rugby competition in Australia was made in mid-2006, following a 70-person three-day summit in Sydney that agreed to an eight team competition. However, the competition was not without its share of controversy, with some of the clubs being against the forming of a new level of competition, claiming it could harm club and grass roots rugby. In September an ARU board meeting gave the competition an official green light. A month later the competition kicked off for its inaugural year, the Queensland teams performed poorly as the East Coast Aces & Ballymore Tornadoes finished last & second last respectively. The Perth Spirit performed the best out of the regular rounds winning 6 out of 8 games although due to bonus points finished third on the ladder behind Central Coast Rays & the competitions first minor-premiers the Western Sydney Rams. After the top four teams took part in the semi-finals the Melbourne Rebels and Central Coast Rays would compete in the first ever ARC Grand Final. The Rays took out the competition defeating the Melbourne side 20–12.
A review of the tournament was undertaken following the 2007 season. This review found that the competition had run at more than $2 million over budget and that forecast losses for the 2008 season came to a further $3.3 million. The ARU said that the cumulative loss of $8 million over two years would be fiscally irresponsible.
Format
Competition
The competition ran for eight weeks, with finals being competed over an additional two weeks - each side played eight games, with the top four teams qualifying for the semi-finals where the winners move into the final. The competition kicked off in August, after the Super 14 and the March to July club competitions finished, and avoiding a clash with Australian under-19 and under-21 duties and the Pacific Nations Cup (in which Australia A played). In total, 35 matches were played in the ARC over 10 weeks from 11 August and 14 October, with games played on Fridays and Sundays. It was originally planned that games would not be played at 'traditional' times for rugby matches, but this decision was changed when the ABC insisted that its televised games be played on Saturday and Sunday afternoons. The inaugural final was played between the Central Coast Rays and the Melbourne Rebels in Gosford.
Players
The timeframe of the season ensured the availability of Super 14 players (excluding Wallabies). There was no draft, and players were free to choose their team, although there was a salary cap in place. Players came from local competitions (which includes Super 14 players). Each Super 14 franchise was aligned with the respective teams, except for Melbourne, as Victoria had no Super rugby team at the time.
It was planned that although 35 footballers will be on international duty for the Wallabies, over 90 Super 14 players would go into the ARC, leaving the way for over 120 footballers to step up from first grade club competitions.
It was also planned that each team would have one "marquee" footballer not be subject to financial restrictions of the player contracting protocol. The player could be either foreign or a non-contracted domestic footballer, and if a team signed an Australian as their marquee footballer, they would still be able to sign up a foreign footballer, though they would have to fit within the contract restrictions.
Rules
The ARU announced in June 2007 that the inaugural championship would adopt the Experimental Law Variations (ELVs), which were initially trialled at South Africa's Stellenbosch University and which aim to bring more free-flowing play into the game. The laws were implemented in both the Sydney and Brisbane club competitions and were well received.
Referees
The referees supplied for the tournament predominantly come from the Australian Rugby Union Panels.
Referees for the tournament included: Matt Goddard, James Leckie, James Scholtens, George Ayoub, Daniel Cheever, Brett Bowden, Andrew Lindsay and Geoff Acton.
Stuart Dickinson and Paul Marks did not referee in the tournament, as they refereed at the 2007 Rugby World Cup in France.
Media coverage
The championship was broadcast on free to air television during its only season. The Australian Broadcasting Corporation (ABC) "secured" the rights to exclusively televise the competition from 2007 through to 2009 by agreeing to accept a substantial fee from the ARU in order to cover the matches. The fact that the sport's governing organisation had to pay a television station to broadcast the game arguably has worrying implications for a code struggling to attract mainstream interest in Australia. The ABC committed to broadcast 19 matches during the season on ABC1 and ABC2: two matches from each round, plus the semi-finals and the final. The previous time that the ABC covered elite level rugby was for the 1991 Rugby World Cup (which Australia also won).
Regular season 2007
The eight teams played four home games and four away games each during the preliminary competition rounds, consisting of a single round-robin with each team playing each other once plus an additional return match for the "derby" fixture played in the first round (these fixtures were matches between the closest neighbouring teams in most cases). The top four teams at the end of the preliminary competition rounds qualified for the title play-offs with semi-finals and finals.
Standings
Competition rounds
Round 1
Round 2
Round 3
Round 4
Round 5
Round 6
Round 7
Round 8
Title play-offs 2007
The top four sides in the regular season advanced to the knock-out stage of semi-finals and final to decide the Australian Rugby Championship title.
Semi-Finals
Grand Final
Players 2007
Leading try scorers
Source: rugby.com.au
Leading point scorers
Source: rugby.com.au
Squad lists
Team squad lists for the 2007 ARC:
{| class="collapsible collapsed" style=" width: 100%; margin: 0px; border: 1px solid darkgray; border-spacing: 3px;"
|-
! colspan="10" style="background-color:#f2f2f2; cell-border:2px solid black; padding-left: 1em; padding-right: 1em; text-align: center;" |2007 Ballymore Tornadoes squad – ARC
|-
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| width="30%" style="font-size: 95%;" valign="top"|
Props
Ben Coutts THP (Souths)*
Greg Holmes LHP (Sunnybank)*
Peter Loane THP (Norths)
Brett Naylor THP (GPS)
Shon Siemonek LHP (Sunshine Coast)
Ernest Skelton LHP (Wests)*
Hookers
Geoff Abram HK (Wests)*
Sean Hardman HK (Brothers)
Joshua Mann-Rea HK (Easts)
Locks
Jared Hanna LK (Wests)
James Horwill LK (University)*
Tristan Hill LK (Norths)
Daniel Linde LK (University)**
Ed O'Donoghue LK (Wests)*
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| width="30%" style="font-size: 95%;" valign="top"|
Loose Forwards
Leroy Houston BR (Sydney)*
Steve Miller BR (GPS)
Tom McVerry BR (GPS) Captain*
Ray Stowers BR (Norths)
Scott Higginbotham N8 (Wests)**
Charles Wyllie N8 (Sunshine Coast)
Scrum-halves
Sam Cordingley SH (Brothers)*
Will Genia SH (GPS)*
Brendan McKibbin SH (Brothers)**
Fly-halves
David Collis FH (Sydney)
Berrick Barnes FH (Wests)*
Peter Hynes FH WG (University)*
| width="3%"|
| width="30%" style="font-size: 95%;" valign="top"|
Centres
Blair Connor CE WG (Norths)**
Brett Gillespie CE (University)**
Byron Roberts OB (GPS)
Tim Sampson CE (Sunnybank)
Donovan Slade CE (GPS)
Wings
Paul Doneley OB (Brothers)
Elia Tuqiri WG FH (GPS)
Anthony Sauer OB (Brothers)
Fullbacks
Clinton Schifcofske FB (Wests)*
* Contracted Queensland Reds player
** Reds Academy player
|}
{| class="collapsible collapsed" style=" width: 100%; margin: 0px; border: 1px solid darkgray; border-spacing: 3px;"
|-
! colspan="10" style="background-color:#f2f2f2; cell-border:2px solid black; padding-left: 1em; padding-right: 1em; text-align: center;" |2007 Canberra Vikings – ARC
|-
| width="3%"|
| width="30%" style="font-size: 95%;" valign="top"|
Props
Nic Henderson
Jack Kennedy
Pauliasi Tomoepeau
John Ulugia
Hookers
Saia Faingaa
Anthony Hegarty
Dan Raymond
Locks
Alister Campbell
Peter Kimlin
Leon Power
Adam Wallace-Harrison
| width="3%"|
| width="30%" style="font-size: 95%;" valign="top"|
Back row
Jarred Barry
Mark Chisholm
Dan Guinness
Julian Salvi
Jone Tawake
Henry Vanderglas
Halfbacks
Beau Mokotupu
Nick Haydon
Patrick Phibbs
Flyhalves
Christian Lealiifano
| width="3%"|
| width="30%" style="font-size: 95%;" valign="top"|
Centres
Tim Cornforth
Matthew Carraro
Anthony Faingaa
Gene Fairbanks
Rowan Kellam
Wings
Francis Fainifo
Solomona Fainifo
Eddie Mclaughlin
Fullbacks
Tim Wright
|}
{| class="collapsible collapsed" style=" width: 100%; margin: 0px; border: 1px solid darkgray; border-spacing: 3px;"
|-
! colspan="10" style="background-color:#f2f2f2; cell-border:2px solid black; padding-left: 1em; padding-right: 1em; text-align: center;" |2007 Central Coast Rays squad – ARC
|-
| width="3%"|
| width="30%" style="font-size: 95%;" valign="top"|
Props
Al Baxter†
Ofa Fainga’anuku
Nick Lah
Rod Moore‡
Aaron Tawera
Hookers
Alex Gluth
Al Manning
Dustin McGregor
Locks
John Adams
Nifo Nifo
Chris Thompson
Cameron Treloar
| width="3%"|
| width="30%" style="font-size: 95%;" valign="top"|
Loose Forwards
Ross Duncan
Steve Evans
Jared Waerea-Hargreaves
Jason Peseta
Wycliff Palu†
Vili Ratu
Beau Robinson
Dylan Sigg
Scrum-halves
Brett Sheehan
Fly-halves
Clint Eadie
David Harvey
Sam Norton-Knight
| width="3%"|
| width="30%" style="font-size: 95%;" valign="top"|
Centres
Sam Harris
Ben Jacobs
Wings
Jordan Macey
Pat McCabe
Jye Mullane
Andrew Smith
Fullbacks
Peter Hewat
† Player not in initial squad
‡ Did not play
|}
{| class="collapsible collapsed" style=" width: 100%; margin: 0px; border: 1px solid darkgray; border-spacing: 3px;"
|-
! colspan="10" style="background-color:#f2f2f2; cell-border:2px solid black; padding-left: 1em; padding-right: 1em; text-align: center;" |2007 East Coast Aces squad – ARC
|-
| width="3%"|
| width="30%" style="font-size: 95%;" valign="top"|
Props
Tama Tuirirangi (Gold Coast)
Ben Coutts (Souths)
Joe Tufuga (Sunnybank)
Hookers
Jade Ingham (Easts)
Ole Avei (Sunnybank)
Locks
Will Munsie (Gold Coast)
Luke Caughley (Gold Coast)
Rob Simmons (Sunnybank)
| width="3%"|
| width="30%" style="font-size: 95%;" valign="top"|
Back row
Ben Mowen (Easts)
A.J. Gilbert (Souths)
Josh Afu (Sunnybank)
Halfbacks
Nic Berry (Sunnybank)
Sam Batty (Gold Coast)
Flyhalves
Ben Lucas (Sunnybank)
| width="3%"|
| width="30%" style="font-size: 95%;" valign="top"|
Centres
Waitai Walker (Sunnybank)
Charlie Fetoai (Souths)
Henari Veratau (Sunnybank)
Wings
Caleb Brown (Gold Coast)
Brett Stapleton (Gold Coast)
Fullbacks
Chris Latham (Gold Coast)
Andrew Walker (Easts)
Marshall Milroy (Gold Coast)
John Dart (Sunnybank)
|}
{| class="collapsible collapsed" style=" width: 100%; margin: 0px; border: 1px solid darkgray; border-spacing: 3px;"
|-
! colspan="10" style="background:#f2f2f2; cell-border:2px solid black; padding-left:1em; padding-right:1em; text-align:center;"|2007 Melbourne Rebels squad – ARC
|-
| width="3%"|
| width="30%" style="font-size: 95%;" valign="top"|
Props
Scott Cameron PR (Sydney Uni)
Heamani Lavaka PR (Easts, Sydney)
Dan Palmer THP (Southern Districts)
Mike Ross PR (Easts, Sydney)
Hookers
Nick Churven HK (GPS)
James Hanson HK (UQ)
Nick Hensley HK (Sydney Uni)
Locks
Matt Cockbain FL, LK (GPS)
Liam Shaw LK (Brothers)
Richard Stanford LK (Brumbies)
| width="3%"|
| width="30%" style="font-size: 95%;" valign="top"|
Loose Forwards
David Croft FL (Reds, Brothers) Captain
David Dennis FL (Waratahs)
Dave Haigh FL (Sydney Uni)
David Haydon FL (Sydney Uni)
Matt Hodgson FL (Force )
Shawn Mackay FL (Randwick)
Filipe Manu N8 (Souths, Brisbane)
Scrum-halves
Luke Burgess SH (Waratahs)
Jon McGrath SH (Force )
Fly-halves
Michael Hobbs FH (UQ)
Dan Kelly FH (Sydney Uni)
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| width="30%" style="font-size: 95%;" valign="top"|
Centres
Luke Cross CE (GPS)
Jack Farrer CE (Sydney Uni)
James Lew CE (Norths, Sydney)
Wings
Digby Ioane WG, CE (Reds)
Peter Playford WG, CE (Brumbies)
Peter Owens WG (Sydney Uni)
Nathan Trist WG (Sydney Uni)
Fullbacks
Damon Murphy WG, FB (Brothers)
|}
{| class="collapsible collapsed" style=" width: 100%; margin: 0px; border: 1px solid darkgray; border-spacing: 3px;"
|-
! colspan="10" style="background-color:#f2f2f2; cell-border:2px solid black; padding-left: 1em; padding-right: 1em; text-align: center;" |2007 Perth Spirit squad – ARC
|-
| width="3%"|
| width="30%" style="font-size: 95%;" valign="top"|
Props
Pekahou Cowan PR
Gareth Hardy PR
Troy Takiari PR
AJ Whalley PR
Hookers
Luke Holmes HK
Tai McIsaac HK
Ryan Tyrell HK
Locks
Tom Hockings LK
Sitaleki Timani LK
Rudi Vedelago LK
Luke Doherty LK BR
Scott Fardy LK BR
| width="3%"|
| width="30%" style="font-size: 95%;" valign="top"|
Back row
Scott Fava BR
Will Bloem FL
Richard Brown N8
David Pocock OF
Halfbacks
Matt Henjak SH Captain
James Stannard SH
Flyhalves
Scott Daruda FH
Todd Feather FH
Jimmy Hilgendorf FH
| width="3%"|
| width="30%" style="font-size: 95%;" valign="top"|
Centres
Ryan Cross CE
Junior Pelesasa CE
Kane Allen OB
Wings
Ed Jenkins WG
Jackson Mullane WG
Dan Bailey OB
Nick Cummins OB
Haig Sare OB
Ratu Siganiyavi WG
Fullbacks
Luke McLean FB
|}
{| class="collapsible collapsed" style=" width: 100%; margin: 0px; border: 1px solid darkgray; border-spacing: 3px;"
|-
! colspan="10" style="background-color:#f2f2f2; cell-border:2px solid black; padding-left: 0.25em; padding-right: 1em; text-align: center;" |2007 Sydney Fleet squad – ARC
|-
| width="3%"|
| width="30%" style="font-size: 95%;" valign="top"|
Props
Sean Baker (Randwick)
Dayna Edwards (Randwick)
Jeremy Tilse (Sydney Uni)
Laurie Weeks (Sydney Uni)
Hookers
Atonio Halangahu (Randwick)
Daniel Lewinski (Sydney Uni)
Todd Pearce (Eastwood)
Sam Zlatevski (Easts)
Locks
Adam Byrnes (Easts)
Ed Brenac (Easts)
Will Caldwell (Sydney Uni)
Matthew Whittleston (Randwick)
| width="3%"|
| width="30%" style="font-size: 95%;" valign="top"|
Back row
Tim Davidson (Sydney Uni)
Chris Houston (Randwick)
Pat McCutcheon (Sydney Uni)
Dean Mumm (Sydney Uni)
Halfbacks
James Price (Randwick)
Nathan Sievert (Sydney Uni)
Josh Valentine (Manly)
Flyhalves
Danny Kroll (Randwick)
| width="3%"|
| width="30%" style="font-size: 95%;" valign="top"|
Centres
Morgan Turinui (Randwick)
Tom Azar (Easts)
Tom Carter (Sydney Uni)
Wings
Andrew Barrett (Souths)
Anton La Vin (Easts)
Junior Puroku (Easts)
Filipo Toala (Eastwood)
Fullbacks
Gavin Debartolo (Easts)
Arthur Little (Randwick)
|}
{| class="collapsible collapsed" style=" width: 100%; margin: 0px; border: 1px solid darkgray; border-spacing: 3px;"
|-
! colspan="10" style="background-color:#f2f2f2; cell-border:2px solid black; padding-left: 1em; padding-right: 1em; text-align: center;" |2007 Western Sydney Rams squad – ARC
|-
| width="3%"|
| width="30%" style="font-size: 95%;" valign="top"|
Props
Ben Alexander LHP (Eastwood)
James Lakepa PR (Manly)
Peter Niumata PR (Penrith)
Benn Robinson LHP (Eastwood)
Hookers
Josh Mann-Rea HK (Manly)
Ben Roberts HK (West Harbour)
Locks
Ben Hand (c) LK (Eastwood)
Van Humphries LK (No Club)
Marty Wilson LK (Eastwood)
Sam Wykes LK (Parramatta)
| width="3%"|
| width="30%" style="font-size: 95%;" valign="top"|
Loose Forwards
Wil Brame FL (Manly)
Ben Coridas FL (Eastwood)
Mark Howell FL (West Harbour)
Gareth Palamo FL Eastwood)
Hugh Perrett FL (Eastwood)
Tom Egan N8 FL (Easts)
Scrum-halves
Josh Holmes SH (Eastwood)
Fly-halves
Kurtley Beale FH (Norths)
Fa'atonu Fili FH FB (No Club)
| width="3%"|
| width="30%" style="font-size: 95%;" valign="top"|
Centres
Rory Sidey CE (West Harbour)
Luke Johnson CE WG (Manly)
Chris Siale CE WG (Manly)
Wings
Filipo Toala WG (Eastwood)
Lachlan Mitchell WG CE (Sydney Uni)
Fullbacks
Ben Martin UB (Eastwood)
|}
See also
National Rugby Championship
Australian Provincial Championship (defunct)
Australian Rugby Shield (defunct)
References
External links
2006 establishments in Australia
Defunct professional sports leagues in Australia
Defunct rugby union leagues in Australia
Sports leagues established in 2006 |
5391414 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jv16%20powertools | Jv16 powertools | jv16 PowerTools, developed by Macecraft Software, is a utility software suite for the Microsoft Windows operating system designed to fix common Windows errors, clean old, unneeded junk from the system, and make computers start faster. jv16 PowerTools has been reviewed by Chip.de, PC World, Tech Advisor, Laptop Mag, Softpedia, and various tech sites and blogs.
Features
jv16 PowerTools’ main features are System Cleaner (which includes registry cleaner functionality) and an uninstaller called Software Uninstaller. In addition, the software has features such as Finder, Big File Finder, Duplicate Finder, File Renamer, File Splitter, File Merger, File Deleter, File Wiper, Task Manager, Web Blocker, and Internet Optimizer. jv16 PowerTools is available in 19 languages.
Development
jv16 PowerTools was developed in 2003 by the founder of Macecraft Software, Jouni Vuorio (later changed his name to Jouni Flemming) after he developed a freeware software called RegCleaner.
Crowdfunding campaign
In December 2013, Macecraft created a crowdfunding campaign on Indiegogo aiming to make jv16 PowerTools available as open-source. However, the campaign didn’t reach its financial goal, making jv16 PowerTools continue as shareware instead.
Critical reception
PC World’s Steve Bass gave an expert rating of 3.5/5 stars in 2008 and commented that jv16 PowerTools ‘will tell you all you ever wanted to know about Windows Registry, but you probably won't need all of its tools’. In 2010, Ian Harac called it a “Swiss Army Knife” of Utilities, but also commented that 'despite a wide array of useful features, it’s somewhat hampered by a clumsy and uninformative interface'.
Laptop Mag gave an editor’s rating of 4.5/5 stars in 2009 and the verdict was that jv16 PowerTools is ‘a solid solution provided that its somewhat intimidating interface doesn't turn you off.'
Softpedia gave jv16 PowerTools an editor rating of 4.5/5 stars in 2017 and commented that the software is ‘a good place to start tweaking some of your system's components.'
Tech Advisor gave the verdict that jv16 PowerTools has a little variable in quality, but also commented that ‘the sheer weight of features means it's still worth a look’ in 2019.
Chip.de’s editorial team rated jv16 PowerTools as satisfying and mentioned ‘sensible tuning modules and monitoring of LAN traffic’ as its advantages. However, they noted ‘excessive price’ as its disadvantage.
References
Utilities for Windows
Pascal (programming language) software |
5391423 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North%20Branch%20Sugar%20River | North Branch Sugar River | The North Branch of the Sugar River is a river located in western New Hampshire in the United States. It is a tributary of the Sugar River, which flows to the Connecticut River, which flows to Long Island Sound.
The North Branch of the Sugar River begins at the confluence of Sawyer Brook and Stocker Brook in the town of Grantham, New Hampshire. The river flows south through the town of Croydon, reaching the Sugar River in the town of Newport. In Croydon, the river's flow is interrupted by Spectacle Pond, a two-lobed lake. New Hampshire Route 10 follows the North Branch for nearly its entire length.
See also
List of rivers of New Hampshire
References
Rivers of New Hampshire
Tributaries of the Connecticut River
Rivers of Sullivan County, New Hampshire |
5391428 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supported%20living | Supported living | Supported living or supportive living refers to a range of services and community living arrangements (CLAs) designed with individuals with disabilities and their families to support disabled citizens to attain or retain their independence (see independent living) or interdependence in their local communities. Supported living is recorded in the history of the NASDDDS (National Association of State Directors of Developmental Disabilities Services), celebrating its 50th Anniversary. Community Supported Living Arrangements (CSLA) was a landmark federal multi-state demonstration to illustrate the federal role in community living in the US. Supported living is considered a core service or program of community living programs funded through federal-state-local partnerships.
In the United States
Supported living has been defined in diverse ways in the US, including early conceptualization in New York as integrated apartment living, and one early definition by the state of Oregon:
"Supported living is defined as persons with disabilities living where and with whom they want, for as long as they want, with the ongoing support needed to sustain that choice."
"Supported living...its simplicity is elegant. A person with a disability who requires long-term publicly funded, organized assistance, allies with an agency whose role is to arrange or provide whatever assistance is necessary for the person to live in a decent and secure home of the person's own."
As a form of community living development, supported living became identified with certain approaches to services and community, including the own home initiatives. These services involved an understanding of "formal" and "informal support" (and their relationship), and changes from "group thinking" approaches (e.g., ten intermediate care facilities for 15 persons each) to planning services for, with and by the person "targeted to be served." For example:
"Supportive living represents a movement within the (intellectual and) developmental disabilities field to provide support services in regular housing to adults with disabilities. Direct support services can be provided by paid staff, including live-in roommates or boarders, paid neighbors, a person hired as an attendant, a support worker or personal assistant, as well as more traditional agency and (modified) shift(live-in) staffing. Professionals, friends, families, and other "informal supports" can also assist people to live in their homes. Supported living may be joined to a movement toward decent, affordable and accessible housing."
Supported living in the US has multiple known origins, including:
The development of a service category of community living for people deemed capable of more independent living (also known as semi-independent living).
As a major reform initiative in the US to provide more choices, more integrated and more regular homes and apartments for people with the "most severe disabilities".
As part of organizational studies during that period (i.e., programs, agencies, and to some extent, state, regional and county systems), including differentiating family support for children and supportive living for adults.
As state reform and development to a supportive living approach, involving new service structures, program development and financing.
As a federal initiative to define and fund supportive living (and services and supports, such as personal care, respite care, environmental modifications, case management, chore services, companion services, skilled nursing, supportive living coach).
As provider and agency accounts, and organizational development (e.g., leadership, person-centered, individualized and flexible support services).
As part of the movement toward direct support professional and community support workers in the US and other countries such as Canada.
As parent and "service user" accounts of supported living, homes and support services, and as linking with self-advocacy efforts in states in the US.
As linking with independent living as supportive living in the community for "special population groups" or persons then "deemed in need of institutional settings", including nursing homes.
Finally, as federal, state and provider term applying to "all sorts" of community based living services (i.e., intellectual and developmental disabilities field). Recently, in one state that term even referred to a segregated residential campus, including for children, the antithesis of supportive living ideals and principles.
Evolution of the concept
Supported living also developed along different trend lines in the US, two of which included a broadening of the community living concepts in the new community paradigms of community membership of support and empowerment of conversion from an institutional to a community paradigm of person-centered planning of community regeneration (and neighborhood assets) and the service system change to housing, homes and personal assistance and supports in quality community living. Supportive living was an ally of independent living to assure that special population groups could also obtain the benefits of IL services and concepts.
Community participation
First, part of leadership (e.g., federal financing, state leaders, agency providers, knowledge dissemination networks) was back to the broadened concept of "community living" based on emerging concepts and practices in "community participation." Supported living linked with the concepts of integrated recreation, inclusive education with community opportunities, community membership, self-determination, "community seeding", "person-centered", and personalized supports. This resulted in projects such as the Community Opportunities Project of the Louisiana Developmental Disabilities Council, which were based on roles and relationships such as: Paul becoming a church member, fiancée, health club member, good neighbor, regular at Fred's Country Western and coffee shop, and self-advocate with statewide recognition.
Supportive living
Second, the concept of supportive living was broadened from a service category of a residential program (i.e., facility-based program model with bundled services) to bridge the gap toward the independent living concept of housing and personal assistance services (health-funded), the concept of regular homes with the availability of "intensive support services" (special population groups, "severe disabilities"), a "range of community support services" (e.g., community counseling, recreation support personnel), decent community life (e.g., community employment, financial security), and principles of community and self-determination/choice.
This agency and systems change work was based on the identification of leading practice of organizations supporting people with disabilities in the community, including the following program design components: the separation of housing and support, home ownership and leasing, individualized and flexible supports, and individual choice. This program design requires "service coordination/case management/service broker/support facilitator", "individualized funding" and "person-centered approaches to planning and supports". This framework has been used in the design of a person-centered course in community services and frames the supported/ive living approach of university doctoral students to graduates.
Housing and "homes of our own"
Generally, though the focus remained on making people's places into "homes of their own" which became a federal initiative to also explore other housing and support options on the local levels.
On the service configuration and program design levels, a multi-case study research design was used to explore the five identified characteristics of a "housing and support" approach: the separation of housing and support, "home ownership", including tenancy, close tie among assessment, individual planning and individualized funding, and flexible and individualized support services, and choice. Separate developments were proceeding on personal assistance services which began with the independent living movement led by leaders such as now Honorable Judith E. Heumann and late Ed Roberts; it remains current today (E.g., Center for Personal Assistance Services in the US of San Francisco State University, California; then the Rehabilitation Research and Training Center on Center for Personal Assistance Services of the World Institute on Disability, 1990).
A state policy study in South Dakota explored the relationship of state systems change necessary to move to a full range of regular housing and support options from the current facility-based service design in comparison to modifying the current small apartment/home structures such as those in Connecticut. To date, there is no evidence of this type of systems transformation in the US (as of 2012)though we have moved to reporting on homes of one's own, personal assistance services and supportive living approaches, including over 189,000 participants of the latter two categories.
In 2013, Robert Agranoff reported in the "Public Administration Review", that leading state systems in the US (in Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities) indicated an 80-90% conversion from a large institutional system to small, dispersed community homes and services in the community. These changes were based on efforts in states which involved major organizational changes in the NGO (non-profit agency) sectors (e.g., Fratangelo, 1994), and with variability in state government public policies, departments and financing (e.g., Braddock, Hemp & Rizzolo, 2008).
Community support standards in the US
Supportive living in the US is an important movement within the context of decades of federal policies, sometimes reluctantly, for community support services in communities nationwide as part of community integration, community participation, independent living and inclusion. This movement has been accompanied by a strong emphasis on self-determination, with roots in rehabilitation in the 1950s and also, in education in the 2000s.
In the 1990s, this movement emphasized the skill standards of personnel, including direct service workers who were called "human service workers" and their "community managers" (2013, Department of Labor statistics). Increasingly, in 2013 with the consumer-directed services developed in these fields, education and training standards are being revamped within the context of the new US Direct Support Workforce and the Centers for Medicaid and Medicare.
Community living
The term community living was an outgrowth of the development of "residential services" in the communities in the US (e.g., Wolfensberger, Racino, Bersani, Nisbet, Taylor, and Bogdan of Syracuse University, Graduate Studies in Education, 600), and a departure from the development of institutional facilities. As part of this development and growth, different typologies of these services occurred beginning with group homes, staffed apartments, foster care, and then a variety of new and innovative services such as early intervention, family support services, supportive living and "related services" (e.g., supported employment, supported housing). Today, community living may involve over 43 residential typologies (e.g., Pynoos, Feldman & Ahrens, 2004), including board and care homes, personal care homes, nursing facilities, independent living facilities, supportive living and homeownership, family caregiving, personal assistance services, medical homes, and for elders, assisted living facilities.
In the United Kingdom
Supported living is the term given by local authorities in the United Kingdom to encompass a range of services designed to help disabled citizens retain their independence in their local community.
Previously, housing and support were usually provided by a charity or local council. Now mentally and physically disabled people can live in their own home and have personal support provided by another organisation or by hiring a personal assistant (paid visiting or live-in carer).
As of 2009, the government in the UK expected "local councils to give people with learning disabilities a genuine opportunity to choose between housing, care and support options that include:
Supportive living.
Small-scale ordinary housing.
Village or intentional communities." (p. 73)
In the research and development sector, the UK has been a leader in supportive living residences and group homes, and in a concept and practice termed active support as part of community integration.
In the early 1990's Paradigm launched the Reach Standards in Supported Living. Whilst the principles remain unchanged, the resource has evolved. You can now download (for free) The Reach Standards Practical Guide.
"Supportive living" in the "Valuing People, 21st Century" report defined this approach as: "concerned with designing services round the particular needs and wishes of individuals and is less likely to result in housing and support that is designed around congregate living. Department of Health research has shown that supported living is associated with people having greater overall choice and a wider range of community activities." (p. 73)
Teams in the UK
Local supported living teams can advise what supported housing is available in any given area. Other assistance may include:
a personal assistant or other care services
Direct Payments to pay for privately sourced care services
mobility equipment
home adaptations
security
emergency call centre
meals on wheels
International collaborations
As Linda Ward (1995) wrote in her edited text on "Values and Visions: Changing Ideas in Services for People with Learning Difficulties", "the flaws of the "group home model" were recognised sooner in the USA than the UK." (p. 12). Termed "supportive living", she says these developments have been richly documented by Racino, Walker, O'Connor, & Taylor (1993). Written at the time of the nine-state pilots by the federal government on Community Supported Living Arrangements in the US, she noted great interstate variability in what it was and did identify the primary principles near the 1991 national organizational study (separation of housing and support, one individual at a time, full user choice and control, rejecting no one, and a focus on relationships, with maximum use of informal support and community resources). For comparisons, about the same time, Paul Williams (1995) identified the residential services available in Great Britain, including life sharing, hostels, staffed houses, living alone, lodgings, family placements, group homes, living with families, short-term care, hospitals and village communities, among others.
One of the most important initiatives of the 1980s and 1990s on homes and community living in the United Kingdom was the "influential paper "An Ordinary Life"" which was shared in the US through our internationally known colleague David Towell, then of the King's Fund and Great Britain's National Development Team. One of his books, An Ordinary Life in Practice, was paired with his strategic framework for principled national change. Within the comprehensive book (1988), Richard Brazil and Nan Carle describe an ordinary home life, Linda Ward describes developing opportunities for an ordinary community life, Paul Williams and Alan Tyne values for service development (normalization-based, Wolf Wolfensberger), Alice Etherington, Keven Hall & Emma Whelan as service users (where I live, where I work), Philippa Russell on children and families, Jan Porterfield on regular employment, the late James Mansell on training, David Towell on managing strategic change, and Roger Blunden on safeguarding quality, among others.
In 2013, the current framework is inclusive and sustainable housing and communities, similar in both the US and UK with sustainability worldwide. In 2017, these inclusion initiatives were discussed in relationship to community integration theories at the American Society for Public Administration in Atlanta, Georgia. (Racino, Rolandi, Huston, & Begman, 2017)
Canadians, while not typically using the term supported living which is current in the US, were partners in the institution to community movement which included the "reallocation of some funds toward support and services for community living options" (Prince, 2002). Termed in historical texts, the deinstitutionalization movement, the Nordic countries, and New Zealand and Australia, were early partners in community development.
References
Disability
Housing |
5391445 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paolo%20Bertolucci | Paolo Bertolucci | Paolo Bertolucci (born 3 August 1951) is an Italian former professional tennis player. He is currently working as sport commentator for Italian Sky TV.
Bertolucci won the Davis Cup with Italy in 1976. His greatest success on ATP Tour was the victory at the 1977 Hamburg Masters, where he beat Manuel Orantes in the final in four sets. In 1976, Bertolucci also won the Grand Prix tournaments of Florence and Barcelona. His career-high singles ranking was world No. 12, achieved in August 1973.
Bertolucci was non-playing-captain of the Italy Davis Cup team from 1985 to 2001.
Career finals
Singles: 12 (6–6)
Doubles: 19 (12–7)
See also
Tennis in Italy
References
External links
1951 births
Living people
Italian male tennis players
Sportspeople from the Province of Lucca
People from Forte dei Marmi |
5391450 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hern%C3%A1n%20Dar%C3%ADo%20G%C3%B3mez | Hernán Darío Gómez | Hernán Darío Gómez Jaramillo (; born 3 February 1956), also known as El Bolillo (; The Baton), is a Colombian former footballer and football manager who last managed the Honduras national football team.
Career
He was an active player from 1966 to 1985, when he retired after a knee injury. Gómez played for the Colombia amateur team that participated at the 1978 Central American and Caribbean Games. His career as a coach started while being assistant to Francisco Maturana while at Atlético Nacional and winning the 1989 Copa Libertadores. He would then become head coach in 1991 and led them to a Categoria Primera A title in 1991.
He joined Maturana while he became coach of Colombia and was his assistant at the 1987 Copa America where Colombia got third place. He also helped qualify the team to the 1990 FIFA World Cup and 1994 edition as well. This was during the so-called golden generation of Colombian football. In 1995, he was named head coach of Colombia and qualified them for the 1998 FIFA World Cup Colombia's fourth appearance overall and third consecutive appearance at the tournament. They went out at group stage with one win and two losses.
He successfully led Ecuador to their first World Cup finals in 2002. However, he resigned after a disappointing performance by the Ecuadorian team at the 2004 Copa América.
During the 2006 World Cup qualifiers, he was a commentator for Canal RCN.
On 5 May 2010, the Colombian Football Federation announced that Gómez was appointed as the successor of Eduardo Lara, who left the selection after failing to qualify for the 2010 FIFA World Cup finals.
On 13 February 2012, he took charge of Independiente Medellin, six months after resigning as coach of the national team.
On 15 February 2014, Gómez was announced the new manager of Panama. He led Panama to the semi finals of the 2015 Gold Cup, where Panama were controversially eliminated by Mexico. After the match, he publicly criticized Mark Geiger's decisions, and went on to say that he "deeply thought of retiring" after that moment. Panama finished third after defeating the United States in the match for third place. On 22 January 2016, Gómez was named 2015 CONCACAF Men's Coach of the Year.
On 10 October 2017, he led Panama to qualify for the 2018 FIFA World Cup, the country's debut in this competition. On July 17, 2018 he stepped down as Panama's head coach. Gomez said an "emotional farewell".
On 1 August 2018, Gomez returned to Ecuador as head coach of the national team. Ecuador had a disastrous performance at the 2019 Copa America, where they only gained one point against Japan. After Ecuador's loss in the opening match against Uruguay, Gomez said to the press that at halftime, with Ecuador losing 3-0, he told his team in the dressing room, "There is nothing we can do, just make sure they don't score anymore goals on us." This statement was seen as disrespectful by the Ecuadorian press, and doubts were already raised over his management. After the tournament, Gomez stated that he would not resign, and his objective was to remain with the national team to coach the 2022 World Cup Qualifiers. However, on 1 August 2019, Gomez was dismissed.
In October 2021, Gomez was announced as the new head coach of the Honduras national team, replacing Fabián Coito. On 10 April 2022, Gomez was sacked from the Honduras national team after just nine games, losing eight and only drawing once. Honduras finished in last place of the octogonal with just three points.
Personal life
On 6 August 2011, at the pub "El Bembe" in Bogotá, Gómez attacked an unidentified woman. According to witnesses, Gómez hit the woman at least four times near the entrance of the pub where he was accompanied by the woman minutes before. When the facts were known, Gómez released a statement asking for forgiveness for his behavior and resigned to his participation as a member of the technical committee of the U-20 World Football Championship. However multiple organizations, like 'Casa de la Mujer', expressed their discontent with Gómez's actions and asked for his resignation as manager of the Colombian football team. Finally because of pressure from the media, the Colombian football team's sponsors, political and social celebrities and the general public, he resigned as the manager of the Colombian football team.
Managerial statistics
World record as manager
To date, he is one of three coaches to have led at least three different national teams to a World Cup. He qualified Colombia to the 1998 FIFA World Cup, Ecuador to the 2002 FIFA World Cup and Panama to the 2018 FIFA World Cup. French manager Henri Michel also had previously achieved this with three teams: he led France to the 1986 FIFA World Cup, Morocco to the 1998 FIFA World Cup and Ivory Coast to the 2006 FIFA World Cup. Bora Milutinovic (Mexico, 1986; Costa Rica, 1990; United States, 1994; Nigeria, 1998; and China, 2002) and Carlos Alberto Parreira (Kuwait, 1982; United Arab Emirates, 1990; Brazil, 1994 and 2006; Saudi Arabia, 1998; South Africa, 2010) have guided five teams in World Cups, but without playing all the qualification rounds.
References
1956 births
Living people
Footballers from Medellín
Colombian footballers
Association football midfielders
Independiente Medellín footballers
Atlético Nacional footballers
Categoría Primera A players
Colombian football managers
Atlético Nacional managers
Colombia national football team managers
Ecuador national football team managers
Guatemala national football team managers
Independiente Santa Fe managers
Panama national football team managers
Independiente Medellín managers
1995 Copa América managers
1997 Copa América managers
1998 FIFA World Cup managers
2001 Copa América managers
2002 FIFA World Cup managers
2004 Copa América managers
2011 Copa América managers
2015 CONCACAF Gold Cup managers
Copa América Centenario managers
2017 CONCACAF Gold Cup managers
2018 FIFA World Cup managers
2019 Copa América managers
Colombian expatriate football managers
Colombian expatriate sportspeople in Ecuador
Colombian expatriate sportspeople in Panama
Colombian expatriate sportspeople in Guatemala
Expatriate football managers in Ecuador
Expatriate football managers in Guatemala
Expatriate football managers in Panama |
5391454 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hern%C3%A1n%20G%C3%B3mez | Hernán Gómez | Hernán Gómez or Hernangómez is a Spanish name and a surname. It may refer to:
Hernán Darío Gómez (born 1956), Colombian footballer
Pablo Hernán Gómez (1977–2001), Argentine footballer
Juancho Hernangómez (born 1995), Spanish basketball player
Willy Hernangómez (born 1994), Spanish basketball player
Hernangomez |
5391460 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahauddin%20Zakariya%20University | Bahauddin Zakariya University | Bahauddin Zakariya University (BZU) () is a public university with its main campus in Multan, Pakistan. Bahauddin Zakariya University was founded in 1975 as Multan University, and is the 2nd largest university in Punjab. It was renamed in 1979 in honour of a Sufi saint Baha-ud-din Zakariya (1171-1262).
As a degree awarding government university, it offers degree courses in more than 130 majors & minors in fields including biochemistry pharmacy, engineering, humanities, business administration, law, art, music, IT, agriculture and languages. According to newly published 2016–2017, Times Higher Education (THE) Ranking System, Bahauddin Zakariya University is ranked within Top 800 highly ranked universities worldwide.
In 2019, the university was also ranked 8th nationally by General Universities Category of Higher Education Commission of Pakistan (HEC).
History
The university started functioning in 1975 in rented buildings with eight departments. Now the university has a large campus with sixty departments and several constituent colleges, such as University Gilani Law College and Multan College of Arts, and faculties including Veterinary, Agricultural Science and Technology (FAST) (formerly University College of Agriculture or UCA), Engineering and Technology. The university also has residential facilities for students and staff.
The Bahauddin Zakariya University is a general university, providing education in Arts and Science. Since agriculture is the mainstay of this region - the place and its environs produce the country's best silver crop (cotton) and fruit crops like mangoes, citrus, and dates - it was considered expedient to train manpower for solving agriculture problems. Accordingly, a College of Agriculture was established in 1989. The College of Agriculture and its complement, an Engineering College, form an integral part of the University Plan. The College of Engineering & Technology was established in 1994. Department of Commerce was started in November 1996. BBA classes were started in the Department of Business Administration in October 1996. Bachelor of Computer Science was introduced in the Department of Computer Science in November 1996, though Masters in Computer Science (MCS) was already running since 1989. B.Sc. Electrical Engineering class was started in November 1997. Information Technology Centre was established in July 1999. BS and MSc. Telecommunication System was started in January 2004. B.Sc. Mechanical, Computer, Textile, Agricultural and Architectural Engineering classes were started in fall 2004.
All degrees awarded by the university are recognized by Higher Education Commission of Pakistan (HEC), engineering degrees by Pakistan Engineering Council and pharmacy degrees by Pakistan Pharmacy Council also.
Location
The university is 10 km from the city centre. The main campus is spread over 960 acres. Its back gate is 6 km from 'Chowk Kamharanwala'.
Jurisdiction and sub-campuses
The main objective of Bahauddin Zakariya University is to provide facilities of higher education and research to the population of the southern region of the Punjab, covering the Civil Administrative Divisions of Multan and Dera Ghazi Khan. The university fulfills the triple function of teaching, affiliation and an examining body, and has 79 affiliated colleges which include old and prestigious institutions such as the Government Emerson College Multan, Government Post Graduate College (Sahiwal) and Government College, Burewala. This university has sub-campuses in Sahiwal, Layyah and Dera Ghazi Khan.
Student admissions
Student admissions usually take place in August and September for the fall semester. M.Phil. degree and distance learning programs have admissions in January and February for the spring semester. Some of the departments require GAT and some have their own testing criteria. Engineering admissions is on merits. Students are given seats on merit basis by taking tests and the departments which do not take tests of the students such as for undergraduate degree they are then provided with admission on their numbers of their intermediate and other academic basis.
Academic departments
Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences
School of Economics
Department of Education
Institute of Social Sciences
Department of Criminology
Department of History
Department of Gender Studies
Department of Pakistan Studies
Department of Geography
Department of Political Science
Department of International Relations
Department of Communication Studies
Department of Sociology
Department of Applied Psychology
Department of Philosophy
Department of Sports Sciences
Multan College of Arts
Faculty of Science
Institute of Chemical Sciences
Centre for Advanced Studies in Pure and Applied Mathematics
Department of Computer Science
Department of Information Technology
Department of Telecommunication Systems
Department of Physics
Department of Statistics
Institute of Pure and Applied Biology
Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology
Department of Biochemistry
Department of Environmental Sciences
Faculty of Islamic Studies and Languages
Department of Arabic
Department of English
Department of Islamic Studies
Islamic Research Centre (IRC)
Department of Urdu
Saraiki Area Study Centre (SASC)
Seerat Chair
Faculty of Commerce, Law and Business Administration
Institute of Management Sciences (IMS)
Alfalah Institute of Banking and Finance (AIBF)
Department of Commerce
Gillani Law College
Faculty of Pharmacy
Department of Pharmacy
Faculty of Veterinary Sciences
Department of Pathobiology
Department of Biosciences
Department of Clinical Sciences
Department of Livestock and Poultry Productions
Faculty of Engineering and Technology
University College of Engineering and Technology
Department of Civil Engineering
Department Of Electrical Engineering
Department of Mechanical Engineering.
Department of Building and Architectural Engineering
Department of Computer Engineering
Bahauddin Zakariya University College of Textile Engineering
Institute of Advanced Materials
Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Technology
Formerly it was called UCA means "University College of Agriculture" and now it is called FAST (Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Technology).
FAST provides 8 Major subjects for specialization after 2 year but for evening program only four.
Department of Soil Science
Department of Agronomy
Department of Entomology
Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics
Department of Plant Pathology
Department of Horticulture
Department of Forestry and Range Management
Institute of Food Science and Nutrition
Department of Agri. Business and Marketing
Department of Agricultural Engineering
In order to improve the academic facilities of remote areas, former governor of Punjab Lt General (Rtd) Khalid Maqbool opened sub-campuses of public sector universities with a vision to transform them into independent universities in future. Up till now, the following sub-campuses of Bahauddin Zakariya University have been opened:
BZU Sub-Campus, D.G Khan (upgraded as Ghazi University from Fall 2014)
BZU Sub-Campus, Sahiwal (upgraded as University of Sahiwal from Fall 2016)
BZU Sub-Campus, Layyah
BZU Sub-Campus, Vehari
BZU Sub-Campus, Lodhran
Hostels
The following are the hostels accommodating students:
For boys
Abubaker Hall
Umar Hall
Usman Hall
Ali Hall
Hamza Hall
Qasim Hall
Mohsin Hall
Abdul Sattar Edhi Hall
For girls
Fatima Hall
Marium Hall
Ayesha Hall
Amna Hall
Zainab Hall
Khadija Hall
Hajira Hall
Staff hiring
Advertisements are placed in the prominent newspapers. The shortlisted candidates are invited for interview by selection board.
Notable alumni
Rubina Feroze Bhatti - human rights activist
Sardar Usman Buzdar - Ex Chief Minister Punjab
Saima Akram Chaudhry - Novel, Drama Writer (Suno Chanda)
Gharida Farooqi - News Anchor
Abida Hussain- Former Minister Food and Agriculture
Ali Akbar Natiq - poet and writer
Rauf Kalasra - Investigation Journalist
Zafarullah Khan – lawyer
Muhammad Imran Qadir – pharmacologist
References
External links
Educational institutions established in 1975
1975 establishments in Pakistan
Public universities and colleges in Punjab, Pakistan
Universities and colleges in Multan |
5391473 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tamil%20Brahmin | Tamil Brahmin | Tamil Brahmins are an ethnoreligious community of Tamil-speaking Hindu Brahmins, predominantly living in Tamil Nadu, though they number significantly in Telangana, Andhra Pradesh, Kerala, Karnataka, in addition to other regions of India, as well as Sri Lanka. They can be broadly divided into two denominations: Iyengars, who are adherents of Sri Vaishnavism, and Iyers, who follow the Srauta and Smarta traditions.
Denominations
Tamil Brahmins are divided into two major denominations: Iyers, who follow the Smartha tradition, and Iyengars, who adhere to the tradition of Sri Vaishnavism.
Iyer
Iyers are Srauta-Smartha Brahmins, whose members follow the Advaita philosophy propounded by Adi Shankara. They are concentrated mainly along the Cauvery Delta districts of Nagapattinam, Thanjavur, Tiruvarur and Tiruchirapalli where they form almost 10% of the total population. However the largest population reside in Nagercoil, making up to 13% of the city's population. They are also found in significant numbers in Chennai, Coimbatore, Madurai, Thiruchirappalli, Thanjavur, Palakkad, Alappuzha, Kozhikode, Ernakulam, Kannur, and Thiruvananthapuram.
Iyengar
The Iyengars subscribe to the Visishtadvaita philosophy propounded by Ramanuja. They are divided into two denominations: Vadakalai (Northern art) and Tenkalai (Southern art), each with minor differences in religious rites and traditions. They adhere to the tradition of Sri Vaishnavism.
Adi Saivas/Gurukkal
The original, pre-Bhakti era Tamil Brahmins who serve as priests in temples in the Shaivite tradition and perform pujas are sometimes offered a distinct category within the community. These priests are called "Bhattar" in the Pandya regions of Tamil Nadu, and "Gurukkal" in the northern ones. In Kongu Nadu, they are called Adi Saivas or the Sivacharyas. They follow the Agamas and the Vedas.
Notable people
Sage Agastya, revered Indian sage of Hinduism, Tamil Siddhar in the Shaivism tradition, and author of Agattiyam, an early grammar of the Tamil language
Viswanathan Anand, Indian Chess Grandmaster
Rukmini Devi Arundale, Classical Bharata Natyam dancer, theosophist, choreographer and an activist for animal welfare.
Ravichandran Ashwin, Indian cricketer
Indra Nooyi, Former CEO of PepsiCo
K. Balachander, Indian filmmaker and playwright
Maadhu Balaji, Indian actor
Subramania Bharati, Indian independence activist and poet
Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar, Nobel Prize-winning astrophysicist
Seetha Doraiswamy, Carnatic multi-instrumentalist
Gemini Ganesan, Indian actor
Shyamala Gopalan, biomedical scientist, Mother of U.S. Vice President Kamala Harris
Kamal Haasan, Indian actor
K. S. Krishnan, Indian physicist, co-discoverer of the Raman scattering for which C. V. Raman was awarded the 1930 Nobel Prize
Alladi Krishnaswamy Iyer, Indian lawyer and member of the Constituent Assembly of India responsible for framing the Constitution of India
Alladi Ramakrishnan, Indian physicist and founder of the Institute of Mathematical Sciences (Matscience) in Chennai
Nirmala Sitharaman - Current Finance Minister of India, Bharatiya Janata party.
Semmangudi Srinivasa Iyer, Indian Carnatic vocalist
Shreyas Iyer, Indian cricketer
Tirukkodikaval Krishna Iyer, Carnatic Violinist
U. V. Swaminatha Iyer, Tamil scholar and researcher
Venkatesh Iyer, Indian cricketer
J. Jayalalithaa, politician (Former Chief Minister of Tamil Nadu), Indian actress
Ramya Krishnan, Indian actress
Kasthuri, Indian actress
S. Srinivasan, Indian aeronautical engineer
Janani Iyer, Indian actress
Trisha Krishnan, Indian actress
Padma Lakshmi, Indian American author, activist, model, and television host
R. Madhavan, Indian actor
Ramana Maharshi, Indian sage
Hema Malini, Indian actress
Crazy Mohan, Indian actor
Venniradai Moorthy, Indian actor
T. S. B. K. Moulee, Indian actor
Iravatham Mahadevan, Indian epigraphist and civil servant
Shankar Mahadevan, Indian Singer and Composer
Nachinarkiniyar, medieval Tamil scholar and commentator of the Tolkāppiyam, Pattuppāṭṭu, Kaliththokai, Kuṟuntokai and Civaka Cintamani
Nambi Narayanan, Indian aerospace engineer
Paridhiyaar, medieval Tamil scholar and Kural commentator
Parimelalhagar, medieval Tamil scholar and Kural commentator
Sundar Pichai, CEO of Alphabet Inc.
C. Rajagopalachari, statesman, politician, Indian independence activist, last Governor-General of India, Former Chief Minister of Madras State
Venki Ramakrishnan, Nobel Prize-winning structural biologist
C. V. Raman, Nobel Prize-winning physicist
Srinivasa Ramanujan, Indian mathematician
Cho Ramaswamy, Indian actor
C. S. Seshadri, mathematician.
Krishnamachari Srikkanth, Indian cricketer
Padma Subrahmanyam, Classical Bharata Natyam dancer
Subramanian Swamy, Indian politician, economist and statistician
Tolkappiyar, earliest known author and grammarian in Tamil language
Vaali, Indian poet and Lyricist
S. R. Srinivasa Varadhan, mathematician and Abel Prize laureate
Vyjayanthimala, Indian actress
See also
Caste system in India
Gotra
Vedic priesthood
List of Brahmins
List of Iyengars
References
Brahmin communities
Tamil Brahmins
Brahmin communities across India
Social groups of Tamil Nadu |
5391476 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St.%20George%27s%20Grammar%20School%20%28Cape%20Town%29 | St. George's Grammar School (Cape Town) | St. George's Grammar School is a private co-educational day school located in Mowbray, a suburb of Cape Town, South Africa. It was historically the cathedral school attached to St. George's Cathedral, having been founded in 1848 by Robert Gray, the first Anglican Bishop of Cape Town. St. George's claims to be the oldest independent school in South Africa.
Notable staff
Barry Smith
Notable alumni
William Carlsson (1892–1916), first-class cricketer
Michael Brimer (OG 1947) (born 8 August 1933) is a pianist, organist, conductor, composer, musicologist, and academic.
Jack Plimsoll (OG 1935), was a South African cricketer who played in one Test in 1947, against England in Manchester.
Roy Clare (OG 1966), Royal Navy admiral
Sir Nigel Hawthorne, English actor
Christopher Steytler (OG 1966), Former Judge of the Supreme Court of Western Australia and President of the Court of appeal
Nicholas Pike (OG 1973), a Hollywood composer in film and television
Rick Turner (OG 1959) (25 September 1941, in Stellenbosch – 8 January 1978, in Durban), a South African academic and anti-apartheid activist who was very probably assassinated by the apartheid state in 1978. Nelson Mandela described Turner "as a source of inspiration".
Clive Scott (OG 1955) (4 July 1937 – 28 July 2021) was a South African radio, film, television and theatre actor and director best known for his performances in the TV soap operas, The Villagers and Isidingo.
References
External links
Private schools in the Western Cape
Anglican schools in South Africa
Schools in Cape Town
Educational institutions established in 1848
1848 establishments in the Cape Colony |
5391477 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walter%20Langdon-Brown | Walter Langdon-Brown | Sir Walter Langdon-Brown (13 August 1870 – 3 October 1946) was a British medical doctor and writer.
Biography
He was born in Bedford, the son of the Rev. John Brown of Bunyan's Chapel, Bedford and his wife, Ada Haydon Ford (1837–1929). His mother was a niece of John Langdon Down, describer of Down syndrome. His sister was Florence Ada Keynes, the social reformer, wife of John Neville Keynes and mother of John Maynard Keynes (see Keynes family).
He was educated at Bedford School and St. John's College, Cambridge. He served as an army doctor in the Second Boer War and World War I. He worked at St Bartholomew's Hospital with Samuel Gee, and later at the Metropolitan Free Hospital, London.
He was the author of a number of medical textbooks, a lecturer at the Royal College of Physicians, and went on to become Regius Professor of Physic at the University of Cambridge. He was knighted on his retirement in 1935.
The Langdon-Brown lectureship at the Royal College of Physicians was founded in his memory in 1950 by a gift from his second wife, Lady Freda Langdon-Brown.
Selected publications
The Practitioner's Encyclopaedia of Medical Treatment (with J. Keogh Murphy, 1915)
Physiological Principles in Treatment (1915)
The Sympathetic Nervous System in Disease (1920)
References
External links
1870 births
1946 deaths
20th-century English medical doctors
Regius Professors of Physic (Cambridge)
Alumni of St John's College, Cambridge
Knights Bachelor
People educated at Bedford School
Presidents of the History of Medicine Society |
5391489 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yordanov | Yordanov | Yordanov () (masculine) or Yordanova (feminine) is one of the most popular surnames in Bulgaria. People commonly known by their family name Yordanov include:
Ivaylo Yordanov, Bulgarian football player
Nedyalko Yordanov, Bulgarian poet
Valentin Yordanov, Bulgarian sport wrestler
Bulgarian-language surnames |
5391497 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uis | Uis | Uis is a settlement located in Erongo Region, Namibia. It belongs to the Dâures electoral constituency. Located in the former Damaraland, it is known for the local mineral wealth. The settlement was established in 1958 as workers' settlement to exploit local tin deposits. It has approximately 3,600 inhabitants and, before being downgraded from "village" to "settlement" in 2010, owned of land.
Uis is located at the foot of the Brandberg, Namibia's highest mountain. The Brandberg is home to the world famous The White Lady rock painting, said by some to be over 20,000 years old. Being also situated on the C36, the main road between the coast and the Damaraland interior there is reasonable amount of traffic, by far the main source of economic activity in Uis. The settlement holds a small supermarket, guesthouses and a restcamp, a bakery and a petrol station, together with a few other small shops. The ephemeral Uis River, a tributary to the Ugab River, passes the settlement.
Uis is home to the Brandberg Primary School and Petrus ǃGaneb Secondary School, both for about 300 learners. Petrus Ganeb SS was built before Namibian independence; its facilities are old and dilapidated.
Uis mine
Tin has been mined in the Uis region since 1922. Uis Tin Mining Company was established in 1951 and a settlement was developed in 1958 as a mine workers' residence when ISCOR, a South African mining company, started operations there and increased production. However, the ore grade at Uis is very low, and the mine, at its time the largest open-cast tin mine in the world, was viable only because South Africa, to which the territory was mandated, was economically isolated and could not buy tin on the world market. When apartheid was abolished and international sanctions were lifted the mine was no longer competitive. In 1991, the main mining operation closed down because the price of tin dropped far enough to make it un-economical.
There was still minimal work progressing on the mine site. Technology had improved enough to make it worthwhile to re-process the already excavated ore that was originally discarded and there is a tiny re-processing plant located near the old mine dumps. This ore is processed to an enriched state and then taken to Walvis Bay for export. In the 2010s investments and work started again at the old mine; Today successful production is dependent on a high world market price.
The mine and the surrounding settlement are situated on the farm Uis Townlands No. 215 and today in private hands. The white mine spoils are visible from afar. Since 1995 Namib Base Minerals Pty Ltd is the owner, after a subsidiary of ISCOR sold it.
Uis still produces rare rocks and minerals. Namibia is well known as a mineral rich country and geologists come from all over the world to study in Namibia because much of the interesting geology and rare rocks are situated at ground level rather than on top of mountains or deep underground.
Uis is in danger of becoming a ghost town if mining cannot be continued. Uis was downgraded to "settlement" status in 2010.
References
Mining in Namibia
Populated places in the Erongo Region
Populated places established in 1958
1958 establishments in South West Africa |
5391502 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sclerorhynchus | Sclerorhynchus | Sclerorhynchus (from , 'hard' and 'snout') is an extinct genus of ganopristid sclerorhynchoid that lived during the Late Cretaceous. The genus Ganopristis is considered a junior synonym of Sclerorhynchus. It was a widespread genus, with fossils found in the Middle East (S. atavus, S. karakensis), North Africa (S. leptodon), Europe (S. leptodon), and North America (S. fanninensis, S. pettersi, S. priscus). While it had a long rostrum with large denticles similar to sawfishes and sawsharks, its closest living relatives are actually skates. Complete specimens of S. atavus show that its fin arrangement was similar to skates, with the pectoral and pelvic fins touching, both dorsal fins located behind the pelvic fins, and a reduced caudal fin.
References
Prehistoric cartilaginous fish genera
Cretaceous cartilaginous fish
Prehistoric fish of Africa
Late Cretaceous fish of North America
Taxa named by Arthur Smith Woodward |
5391506 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Price%20Is%20Right%20%281956%20American%20game%20show%29 | The Price Is Right (1956 American game show) | The Price Is Right is an American game show produced by Mark Goodson-Bill Todman Productions, wherein contestants placed successive bids on merchandise prizes with the goal of bidding closest to each prize's actual retail price without surpassing it. The show was a precursor to the current and best-known version of the program, which premiered in 1972 on CBS's daytime schedule. It makes The Price Is Right one of only a few game show franchises to have aired in some form across all three of the Big Three television networks.
The series, hosted by Bill Cullen, premiered on NBC's daytime schedule on November 26, 1956, and quickly spawned a primetime series that aired once a week. The Price Is Right became one of the few game shows to survive the rigging scandals of the late 1950s, gaining even more popularity after other game shows exposed for being rigged had been canceled.
The show was sponsored primarily throughout its run by Unilever, then known as Lever Brothers Corporation, and the specific products that were often featured were Imperial margarine, Wisk laundry detergent, Handy Andy liquid cleaner, and Dove bath and beauty bar.
The four contestants of the week would usually receive a complimentary supply of Dove beauty bars.
An alternate sponsor was Speidel watchbands, notably their then-new Twist-O-Flex bands.
In 1963, The Price Is Right switched networks and both the daytime and primetime series moved to ABC. On September 3, 1965, the show aired its final episode after nearly nine years on the air.
Game play
On the original version of The Price Is Right, four contestants – one a returning champion, the other three chosen from the studio audience – bid on items or ensembles of items in an auction-style format.
A prize was presented for the contestants to bid on. A minimum bid was specified. After the opening bid, contestants bid on the item in turn with each successive bid a certain amount higher than the previous bid. A contestant could freeze his/her current bid instead of increasing it if he/she believed his/her bid was close enough to win. A later rule allowed contestants, on their opening bid only, to "underbid" the other bids, but it automatically froze their bid and prevented them from later increasing the original bid. Some rounds were designated as "one-bid" rounds, where only one round of bidding was held (the format used on the current version of The Price is Right); sometimes the minimum-bid and higher-bid threshold rules also were waived.
Other than in one-bid rounds, the bidding continued until a buzzer sounded, at which point each contestant who had not yet "frozen" was given one final bid. Bidding also ended when three of the contestants had frozen, at which point the fourth contestant was allowed one final bid unless he/she already had the high bid. Cullen then read the actual retail price of the prize. The contestant whose bid was closest without going over the actual price won the item. If everyone overbid, the prize was not won; however, Cullen sometimes had the overbids erased and instructed players to give lower bids prior to reading the actual price (similar to what is done on the current CBS version and its syndicated spinoffs).
After most one-bid rounds, a bonus game was played, in which the winner of the one-bid prize would play a random game (such as wordplay or tune-matching) for additional prizes.
After a set number of rounds (four on the nighttime version, six on the daytime), the contestant who accumulated the highest value in cash and prizes became the champion and returned on the next show.
Home Viewer Showcases
The Price Is Right frequently featured a home viewer "Showcase", a multi-prize package for which home viewers were invited to submit their bids via postcard. The viewer who was closest to the actual retail price without going over won everything in the Showcase, but one item was sometimes handmade so the viewer could not check the price of all the items. The term "showcase" was later replaced by "sweepstakes".
Very often, home viewers were stunningly accurate with their bids, including several viewers who guessed the price correct down to the penny. In such a case, the tied contestants originally were informed via telegram and asked to give the price of a specific item and continuing until one broke the tie. Re-ties and all-overbids were thrown out. By the time of the ABC run, the tiebreaker changed so that the person who was first to send in the correct bid won the prize.
Home Viewer Showcases have also been featured on the CBS version, in 1972, 1978, annually from 1980–1987, 1990, and in 2011. Its format was unchanged through 1990, but the 2011 version, because of the advance in technology, changed to a ten-prizes-in-a-week format, with two prizes appearing per episode during the week. Each day the price of one of the prizes was revealed to the home audience, and the price of the second prize (which was in either of the two Showcases) was not provided. Instead of postcards, the bids had to be submitted through the show's website.
Prizes
While many of the prizes on the original Price Is Right were normal, standard game show fare (e.g., furniture, appliances, home electronics, furs, trips, and cars), there were many instances of outlandish prizes being offered. This was particularly true of the nighttime version, which had a larger prize budget.
Some examples:
A 1926 Rolls-Royce with chauffeur
A Ferris wheel
Shares of corporate stock
An island in the St. Lawrence Seaway
A Piper Caribbean airplane
A submarine
Sometimes, large amounts of food – such as a mile of hot dogs along with buns and enough condiments (perhaps to go with a barbecue pit) – were offered as the bonus.
Some other examples of outlandish or "exceptionally unique" bonus prizes:
Accompanying a color TV, a live peacock (a play on the NBC logo) to serve as a "color guide"
Accompanying a barbecue pit and the usual accessories, a live Angus steer
Accompanying a prize package of items needed to throw a backyard party, big band legend Woody Herman and His Orchestra
Accompanying a raccoon coat worth $29.95, a sable coat valued at $23,000
A bonus prize of a 16'x32' in-ground swimming pool, installed in the winner's back yard in one day's time
A bonus prize of a trip to Israel to appear as an extra in the 1960 film Exodus
In the early 1960s, the dynamic of the national economy was such that the nighttime show could offer homes in new subdivisions (sometimes fully furnished) as prizes, often with suspenseful bidding among the contestants.
In the last two seasons of the nighttime run, the series gave away small business franchises.
In some events, the outlandish prizes were merely for show; for instance, in one episode contestants bid on the original retail price for a 1920s car, but instead won a more contemporary model.
History
The Price Is Right was created and produced by Bob Stewart for Mark Goodson–Bill Todman Productions. Stewart already had created one hit series for Goodson-Todman, To Tell the Truth and he later created the enormously successful Password. In 1964, Stewart left Goodson-Todman to strike out on his own as a producer. (Frank Wayne, who later served as executive producer for the Barker version of The Price Is Right, took over Stewart's Password producer duties.)
Bob Stewart attributes the creation of The Price Is Right to watching an auctioneer from his office window in New York City, auctioning off various merchandise items.
In 1959, shortly after the quiz show scandal broke, most game and quiz shows lost their popularity rapidly and were canceled. The Price Is Right was an exception; Goodson and Todman had built a squeaky-clean reputation upon relatively low-stakes games. Thus, as the more popular competition was eliminated, The Price Is Right became the most-watched game show in the country, and remained so for two years.
ABC
When the series moved to ABC in 1963, three studio contestants – including the returning champion – played. The fourth chair was filled by a celebrity who played for either a studio audience member or a home viewer. If the celebrity was the big winner of the show, the civilian contestant who had the most winnings was considered the champion; it is unknown what would have happened in the event of a shut-out with the celebrity winning.
As Don Pardo was still under contract at NBC, he was replaced by Johnny Gilbert. Coincidentally, both Pardo and Gilbert also had long runs as announcers for another game show, Jeopardy!
When the show moved to ABC, several CBS affiliates took up ABC secondary affiliation to show The Price Is Right (especially if its market lacked full ABC affiliation), in part because of the still-high ratings the show enjoyed in daytime.
Goodson-Todman wanted The Price Is Right to be ABC's first non-cartoon color show, but the network could not afford to convert to color. This meant that the nighttime version reverted to black-and-white.
Afterward
After the success of The Price Is Right, To Tell the Truth, and Password, producer Stewart left Goodson-Todman in 1964. Stewart's follow-up to The Price Is Right, his first independent production, was The Face Is Familiar with Jack Whitaker as host. Later, Stewart created other successful shows such as Eye Guess, a sight-and-memory game with Bill Cullen as host, Jackpot! and The $10,000, $20,000, $25,000 Pyramid.
In 1972, Goodson-Todman proposed a reformatted version of the game. In the new version of the game, the auction rounds were eliminated, with every round becoming a one-bid round. The bonus games were reformatted as pricing games, as most involve the pricing of either the prize itself, grocery items, or small prizes under $100. Each winning bidder was removed from the game and replaced with another contestant, all of whom were drawn from the studio audience. A new round, borrowing the Showcase name, brought back the two biggest winners to bid on their own three-prize package, with the top winner choosing to either bid or pass on the first showcase in hopes of a better deal on the second. The pricing games, contestants from the audience, and the bid-or-pass on prizes hidden behind doors were all previously used on another hit game show of the era, Let's Make a Deal, and Goodson-Todman's first choice of host for The New Price Is Right, Dennis James, was Let's Make a Deal's regular guest host at the time. James would end up hosting five weekly seasons of The New Price Is Right in first-run syndication; when CBS picked up the show for daytime, it insisted that the show be hosted by Bob Barker, who hosted 35 seasons of daily episodes (plus three seasons of weekly syndicated episodes after James's retirement and several prime-time specials) until his retirement in 2007, after which comedian Drew Carey assumed hosting duties. Further alterations to the format were made in 1975 when the show expanded to a "fabulous 60-minute" time slot. Various other versions of The Price Is Right have aired over the course of American television history, including a daily syndicated version hosted by Tom Kennedy in 1985 and a radically altered version hosted by Doug Davidson in 1994; the latter was notable for eliminating the central conceit from the original series of bidding on prizes. Counting all incarnations, The Price Is Right has aired for more hours than any other nationwide game show in American television history.
Paul Alter, who directed the original version of the show, became the director of the current version in 1986, replacing Marc Breslow, who had been in that role since its start in 1972; he continued to hold the position until 2000.
Origin
The show originated from NBC's Hudson Theatre in New York City, also home to The Tonight Show and other NBC shows with a studio audience. A year later, after Abraham Hirschfeld bought the Hudson Theatre, the show moved to NBC's Colonial Theater at 66th and Broadway, with the Ziegfeld Theater used for a few shows as well. When the show moved to ABC, the Ritz Theater became the show's broadcast origination.
In addition to his hosting duties on The Price Is Right and his weekly appearances as a panelist on I've Got a Secret, Cullen also hosted a popular weekday morning radio show for WNBC in New York.
Substitute hosts
Over the nine-year run, various people sat in Cullen's place while he was on vacation.
Sonny Fox (June 10, 1957; first substitute host; he was also Bud Collyer's "designated" substitute host on Beat the Clock through 1960; it went off the air at the end of January, 1961)
Sam Levenson (March 11, 1958– for 2 weeks)
Merv Griffin (August 5 & 12, 1959 nighttime) – also filled in daytime during those two weeks
Jack Narz (month of May, 1960; Bill's brother-in-law, later that year he began hosting Video Village; his brother Tom Kennedy later hosted a syndicated version of the 1972 The Price Is Right revival during the 1985–86 season.)
Arlene Francis (January 25th, 1961-February 8th, 1961 nighttime & January 25th-February 12th, 1961 daytime episodes)
Bob Kennedy (May 1-12, 1961/June 22, 1961)
Don Pardo (December 31, 1959/December 28, 1962)
Robert Q. Lewis (February 1-12, 1960/December 27, 1963 {Cullen himself was the celebrity guest})
Jack Clark (January 8-15, 1962/April 16-May 7, 1962/August 21-September 3, 1962/December 31, 1962-January 1, 1963/January 22-February 15, 1963/August 12-23, 1963/February 15-March 12, 1965, Dorothy Lamour was the celebrity guest)
Johnny Gilbert (June 19, 1964; Ed Jordan filled in as announcer)
Models
Throughout the nine-year run of The Price Is Right, the show also employed models, whose duties were similar to those of the models in the current version.
June Ferguson and Toni Wallace were the regular models, while Gail Sheldon also made frequent appearances. Ferguson, Wallace and Sheldon were featured during the show's entire nine-year run. Other models appearing included Beverly Bentley and Carolyn Stroupe; various other models either assisted Ferguson and Wallace or appeared during their absences.
Announcers
During the NBC run, Don Pardo was the main announcer. Whenever he was off or filling in for Cullen as host, substitute announcers included Dick Dudley, Vic Roby, Edward Haeffor, Roger Tuttle and Johnny Olson, who would go on to announce the 1972 version until his death in 1985.
Following the move to ABC (due to Don Pardo being under contract to NBC), Johnny Gilbert became the announcer; two fill-ins were Johnny Olson and ABC staff announcer Ed Jordan.
Theme songs
The first theme song (used from 1956–1961) was an arrangement of Charles Strouse's "Sixth Finger Tune", originally written for Milton Scott Michel's 1956 play Sixth Finger in a Five Finger Glove.
The second theme song (used from 1961–1965) was called Window Shopping and was composed by Robert Cobert. This theme was later used on another Goodson-Todman game, Snap Judgment, and later found its way back to Bob Stewart's stable with the short-lived game You're Putting Me On.
Episode status
Although The Price Is Right became Goodson-Todman's first regularly aired game show to be broadcast in color on September 23, 1957, no color kinescopes or videotapes are known to exist from the nighttime run.
Many monochrome NBC nighttime episodes (plus at least one ABC episode) aired on Game Show Network from 1996–2000, at which time the network's contract to air the show ended; it has not been renewed since. The 1961 episode hosted by Francis aired on Buzzr on March 8, 2019 as an homage to International Women's Day; Buzzr added the program to its weekend lineup in September 2019, with its package also including episodes hosted by Merv Griffin.
Most of the daytime run is believed to be wiped; the UCLA Film and Television Archive lists the first and third episodes from 1956 among its holdings. A few NBC daytime episodes with commercials intact, originally broadcast in the late spring/early summer of 1957, have been around the "collector's circuit." They are now available for viewing on YouTube.
Home media
Four episodes, including the 1964 nighttime finale, were released on "The Best of The Price is Right" DVD set (March 25, 2008). Despite pre-release assumptions that each of the four unique runs would be represented, as it was announced that there would be four Cullen episodes, none were of the ABC daytime run despite the existence of episodes from that era; a second NBC prime time episode instead filled that slot.
Many noticed that the four Cullen episodes lacked commercials, as well as the fact that all three NBC episodes had already been spotted prior to the DVD release. Both NBC primetime episodes (January 13 and 27, 1960) had aired on GSN before, while the daytime episode (February 21, 1957) had been available in the public domain for several years; the daytime episode is notable for not only missing its opening, but for Cullen promoting Charles Van Doren's match against Vivienne Nearing on Twenty One – which eventually led to Van Doren's defeat.
The Fremantle logo animation was added after each episode, as the production company currently owns all Mark Goodson properties.
The episode listing included with the DVD set states the daytime episode aired March 10, 1957, and the ABC episode aired September 4, 1964 (with guest Jose Ferrer); however, the former actually aired on February 21, 1957, and the latter is not actually present on the DVD set but had been aired by GSN. The 1964 finale featured Pat Carroll as the celebrity player, and the night's champion was invited back to appear on the following Monday's daytime episode.
In popular culture
In a 1962 episode of The Flintstones, Barney is invited to be a contestant on The Prize is Priced, a parody of The Price is Right. When it's his turn to bid, Barney says, "I'll just put in my two cents, and–" but before he's able to give his actual bid, his "bid" of two cents is locked in. (Season 2, episode 29, "Divided We Sail", original airdate April 6, 1962.)
References
External links
1956 American television series debuts
1965 American television series endings
American Broadcasting Company original programming
1950s American game shows
1960s American game shows
American game shows
Black-and-white American television shows
English-language television shows
NBC original programming
Television series by Fremantle (company)
Television series by Mark Goodson-Bill Todman Productions
The Price Is Right |
5391514 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stocker%20Brook | Stocker Brook | Stocker Brook is a stream located in western New Hampshire in the United States. It is a tributary of the North Branch of the Sugar River, part of the Connecticut River and Long Island Sound drainage basin.
The brook begins at Cranberry Pond in the town of Croydon, New Hampshire, and flows north, through Stocker Pond, to a junction with Bog Brook in the town of Grantham. The brook turns west, passes the small village of East Grantham, and reaches the North Branch of the Sugar River after another mile, at the main village of Grantham. Stocker Brook is subject to the New Hampshire Comprehensive Shoreland Protection Act for the portion downstream of Bog Brook.
See also
List of rivers of New Hampshire
References
Rivers of New Hampshire
Tributaries of the Connecticut River
Rivers of Sullivan County, New Hampshire |
5391517 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nordic%20combined%20at%20the%201928%20Winter%20Olympics | Nordic combined at the 1928 Winter Olympics | At the 1928 Winter Olympics one individual Nordic combined event was contested. It was held on Friday, February 17, 1928 (cross-country skiing) and on Saturday, February 18, 1928 (ski jumping). Unlike today the ski jump was the last event held. Both events were also individual medal events.
Medalists
Results
Final standings
Participating nations
A total of 35 Nordic combined skiers from 14 nations competed at the St. Moritz Games:
References
External links
International Olympic Committee results database
Official Official Olympic Report
sports-reference
1928 Winter Olympics events
1928
1928 in Nordic combined
Nordic combined competitions in Switzerland
Men's events at the 1928 Winter Olympics |
5391522 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George%20Pipgras | George Pipgras | George William Pipgras (December 20, 1899 – October 19, 1986) was an American right-handed starting pitcher and umpire in Major League Baseball.
Known as "The Danish Viking", he spent most of his playing career with the New York Yankees, breaking in as a rookie in 1923. He spent the 1925 and 1926 seasons in the minor leagues, and became a starter in the rotation for the first time with the legendary team. Pipgras lead the American League in wins with a 24–13, 3.38 ERA record for the following year's 1928 repeat champions.
After ending his 11-year career with the Boston Red Sox, he became an AL umpire from 1938 to 1946, and was the umpire behind the plate in one of baseball's most dramatic wins ever: on September 30, 1945, at Sportsman's Park in St. Louis, when Hank Greenberg hit a ninth-inning grand slam, after Pipgras suggested to Greenberg the game should be called on account of darkness. However, Greenberg convinced him he could still see the ball, so the game proceeded. The next pitch was hit over the fence and the Detroit Tigers went on to win the pennant and eventually the 1945 World Series over the Chicago Cubs 4–3 in 7 games.
His younger brother Ed pitched briefly for the 1932 Brooklyn Dodgers.
Pitching career
Pipgras was born in Ida Grove, Iowa, and served in World War I with the 25th Army Engineers.
He started his major league career with the Yankees in the season after being acquired from the Red Sox, making 17 appearances in his first two years. After returning to the minor leagues for two more years, he earned a place in the starting rotation in 1927, posting a 10–3 record for the team still considered by many to be the greatest ever, and winning Game 2 of the 1927 World Series against the Pittsburgh Pirates. In he led AL pitchers in wins with a 24–13 record, and also in games started (38) and innings pitched (300), while finishing second in strikeouts (139); he followed up with another Game 2 victory in the 1928 World Series against the St. Louis Cardinals as New York swept the NL champions for the second straight year. He was 18–12 as the Yankees slipped to second place in 1929, and 15–15 in 1930 with an AL-leading 3 shutouts. After a 7–6 season in 1931, he bounced back with a 16–7 mark for the AL champions, and again won his World Series start in Game 3 as the Yankees swept the Chicago Cubs. In that game, Babe Ruth and Lou Gehrig each hit a pair of home runs, including Ruth's renowned "Called Shot." In May 1933, Pipgras' contract was sold back to the Red Sox, and he was 9–8 for the team that year before making a handful of appearances in 1934 and . In an eleven-season career, he posted a 102–73 record with 714 strikeouts and a 4.09 earned run average in 1488 innings.
Umpire and scout
In 1938 Pipgras joined the American League umpiring staff. On Opening Day at Yankee Stadium on April 20, , Pipgras worked as the third base umpire during a Red Sox-Yankees contest. The historic box score included the names of future Hall of Famers Joe Cronin, Bill Dickey, Joe DiMaggio, Bobby Doerr, Jimmie Foxx, Lefty Grove, Red Ruffing, Lou Gehrig, Joe Gordon and prize rookie Ted Williams as well. Pipgras was the starting pitcher for the Yankees in 1929's Opening Day, and his opponent for the Red Sox that day was Ruffing. According to historians, the unusual feat set by Pipgras is a case unique in major league history. He went on to umpire in the 1944 World Series, as well as the 1940 All-Star Game; he was the home plate umpire for Dick Fowler's no-hitter on September 9, . He also worked as a scout for the Red Sox.
Death
Pipgras died in Gainesville, Florida at the age of 86. He was survived by his wife, Mattie Mae, who died in 2013 at the age of 99.
See also
List of Major League Baseball annual wins leaders
Further reading
Honig, Donald (1975) Baseball When the Grass Was Real: Baseball from the Twenties to the Forties Told by the Men Who Played It. New York: Coward, McGann & Geoghegan. pp. 126–133. .
External links
Retrosheet
SABR Biography Project
Career highlights Baseball Library
Tampa Tribune obituary The Deadball Era
George Pipgras Oral History Interview - National Baseball Hall of Fame Digital Collection
1899 births
1986 deaths
People from Ida Grove, Iowa
Major League Baseball pitchers
New York Yankees players
Boston Red Sox players
Boston Red Sox scouts
Baseball players from Iowa
American League wins champions
United States Army soldiers
United States Army personnel of World War I
Major League Baseball umpires
Madison Greys players
Charleston Pals players
Atlanta Crackers players
St. Paul Saints (AA) players
Nashville Vols players |
5391526 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Casino%20Regina | Casino Regina | Casino Regina is a casino located on Saskatchewan Drive — (formerly South Railway Street) — in Regina, Saskatchewan, Canada. It operates in the city's former union station, a Tyndall and ashlar stone structure completed in 1912. The casino is owned and operated by Sask Gaming.
History
The Beaux-Arts style Union Station was constructed in 1911-12 and was actually Regina's third train station; the first is now a museum in Broadview, Saskatchewan. The station was completed the same year the deadly "Regina Cyclone" struck the city, tearing through Wascana Park and gutting part of the downtown area. The building underwent a major expansion in 1931, and the original façade was redone in a simpler Art Deco style with Tyndall stone. As well, terrazzo floors, marble support columns and plaster molded ceilings where added to the interior.
In the early 1990s, cutbacks to rail services throughout Canada lead to the closure of Regina's Union Station. The Station had been an important part of Regina's history and heritage since its opening in 1912. After the station's closure, its fate remained unknown for several years. Union Station was designated as an official heritage site in 1991.
By 1995, a $37 million construction project began to convert the vacant station into the province's second casino. In 1996, Casino Regina opened.
Description
The building contains old railway police jail cells in the basement that were used for transporting prisoners, and shows evidence of a tunnel representing a system of underground passages said to stretch several blocks east of the casino and south all the way to the stately Hotel Saskatchewan. These tunnels were destroyed during the construction of the Cornwall Centre, a major downtown shopping complex.
Inside, positioned on a wall in the central hall, is a schedule board displaying the arrivals and departures on the day the train station closed back in 1990. The hall itself, formerly the station's main concourse, features a high ceiling with simple chandeliers and a clock near the top of the back wall.
The casino houses some 800 slot machines, 35 table games, and an 8-table poker room. The 800-seat Show Lounge features entertainers, and meals are served in The Union Station and Rail Car restaurants, as well as in the CPR Lounge and VIP Lounge. Regularly scheduled Union Station historic tours are another attraction, as are the nightly LED shows.
Casino Regina is a notable employer in the city, employing 664 people, over fifty percent of whom are Aboriginal.
See also
List of casinos in Canada
References
External links
Canadian Register of Historic Places
Luck and Legacy
Art Deco architecture in Canada
Buildings and structures in Regina, Saskatchewan
Casinos in Saskatchewan
Music venues in Saskatchewan
Disused railway stations in Canada
Beaux-Arts architecture in Canada
Union stations in Canada
Tourist attractions in Regina, Saskatchewan |
5391542 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rosedale%2C%20Victoria | Rosedale, Victoria | Rosedale is a pastoral and agricultural town 184 kilometres east of Melbourne via the Princes Highway. It is situated on the southern side of the LaTrobe River. Once a staging post on the Port Albert to Sale and Port Albert to Walhalla coach runs, it was the administrative centre of the Shire of Rosedale which extended to the east and included the Ninety Mile Beach. It is now part of the Wellington Shire centred in Sale. At the , Rosedale had a population of 1,077. The town is in the area of Gippsland explored separately by the Scotsman, Angus McMillan, and the Polish aristocrat, Count Paul von Strzelecki, in 1840. A memorial to McMillan is located in Rosedale, and one to Strzelecki near Traralgon to the west. McMillan named the region Gippsland after Governor Gipps.
History
The earliest European inhabitant in the district is thought to have been a man named Blind Joe who lived in a hut on the Latrobe River and the first sale of 'town lots' in Rosedale, on 20 May 1855, took place there. The town is named after and built near the site of a station owned by David Parry-Okedon, who, in 1843, called his run Rosedale after his wife, Rosalie. The earliest known plan of the township is dated 27 March 1855. It comprised 14 blocks and remains the central layout of the township.
The first brick construction was the Rosedale Hotel in 1858, built by William Allen, who emigrated from London in 1854. He was also responsible for the construction of the Mechanic's Institute, the original school house, the Exchange Hotel, the three churches and Nambrok Homestead. The Rosedale Post Office opened on 8 February 1859. A Police Station followed in 1862.
The first bridge over the LaTrobe River was constructed in 1862. Following disastrous floods in 1934 and 1935, two raised concrete bridges, joined by a central causeway, were constructed over the flood plain in 1937–38. This structure was duplicated as part of the subsequent upgrade of the Princes Highway.
The first school was opened in 1863 and became a Common School in 1865 (later State School Number 770). During the school centenary year, Dr H.C Disher, of 'Strathfieldsaye', who was born at Rosedale and attended the school from 1901 to 1904, established an annual secondary scholarship for a deserving boy and girl. The school was moved to a new location on the western side of the town 1989.
St Mark's Anglican Church was built in 1866, followed by St Andrew's Presbyterian Church in 1869. St Rose of Lima Catholic Church was constructed in 1875.
In 1866, a site was selected for a Mechanic's Institute. The building was opened in 1875.
Rosedale was proclaimed a Road District in February 1869. Two years later, it became the Rosedale Shire Council. It had four areas – Rosedale, Toongabbie, Denison and Traralgon. In 1879, Traralgon became a separate shire.
The Rosedale Railway Station was opened on 1 June 1877, as part of the Morwell to Sale line. It was not until 1879 that the remaining sections from Melbourne to Sale were all completed.
The area was once part of the Holey Plain grazing run, owned by the Curlewis brothers. Edward Crooke, who emigrated to Australia in 1837 and purchased a station at Omeo in the early 1840s, used the run as a holding station for the livestock which he drove to Port Albert for shipment to Van Diemen's Land. He later leased the property and his son built an impressive homestead with a four-tiered tower on the site in 1889. Crooke's descendants still live in the district. Other notable homesteads are Snake's Ridge (now known as The Ridge) on the northern bank of the LaTrobe River, and Nambrok about eight kilometres to the east along the Princes Highway.
A pyneboard factory was opened in 1964 by the Premier of Victoria, Mr Henry Bolte. It operated for some 15 years. The plant was used subsequently as a leather tanning works.
The Rosedale Magistrates' Court closed on 1 July 1981, not having been visited by a Magistrate since 1972.
Sport
The town has a football club in the North Gippsland Football Netball League, previously the North Gippsland Football League. The Club won the Firsts Premiership in 1965, 2001 and 2015. The club previously played the Sale Cowwarr Football League, where the Firsts were Premiers in 1958, 1961 and 1962. The Rosedale Recreation Reserve comprises two ovals and two netball courts. It is the home of the Rosedale Football Club, the Rosedale Netball Club, the Rosedale Kilmany Cricket Club, the Rosedale Junior Football Club and the Rosedale Badminton Club.
The town also has a bowls club, a golf club, a tennis club and a rifle range.
Thoroughbred horse racing was conducted at Rosedale for over a century, with the first-known event held on 13 April 1868. A Rosedale Turf Club was established in 1878. It became the Rosedale Racing Club, which conducted races until 1969. Patrobas, the three-year-old winner of the 1915 Caulfield Guineas, Victoria Derby and Melbourne Cup finished second in his first race at Rosedale. Patrobus was raced by Miss Widdis, the owner of the nearby Nambrok station. She was the first woman to own a Melbourne Cup winner. Patrobus is the only Gippsland horse to win the Melbourne Cup. A statue of the horse is located in the main street.
Following the closure of the Rosedale Racing Club, the racecourse was developed as a golf course and a speedway. The first speedway meeting was conducted in 1972. In February 1973, the speedway attracted some of the best drivers throughout Australia to the inaugural Coca-Cola Bottlers 2000 meeting. The race was won by the reigning Australian champion, David House, from Canberra, driving a Torana GTR XU1. The course broadcaster for the first decade was Kevin Andrews, who then worked as a sports commentator and reporter. The Rosedale Speedway has twice hosted Australian Championships. In 1980, Queensland driver, Arthur Wieden, won the first of four national Standard Sedan titles. In 2002–03, Stephen Laidlaw successfully defended his Australian Production Sedan title.
Notable people
Sport
Neil Cordy, Graeme Cordy and Brian Cordy – Australian Rules Football players with Footscray Football a Club (now the Western Bulldogs) who attended the Rosedale Primary School.
Geoff Raines – Australian Rules Football player with Richmond Football Club who lived in Rosedale as a teenager.
Keith Rowley, winner of the inaugural Herald Sun Tour, was born at Rosedale.
Politics
Kevin Andrews – Cabinet Minister in the Howard and Abbott governments, currently 'Father of the House of The Australian Parliament' – attended Rosedale Primary School.
Edward Jolley Crooke, owner of 'The Holey Plain', represented the district in the Legislative Council of Victoria for 30 years (1893-1922) and was a Rosedale Shire councillor for 46 years.
Gallery
References
The Age Rosedale
Wellington Shire
Gwen Hardy (1989) Rosedale – 150 Years Pictorial History [Rosedale Historical Society, Rosedale]
Don Mcreadie (1989) The Rosedale Story Vol 1 [Don Macreadie, Cowwarr]
I T Maddern (1971) The Centenary History of the Shire of Rosedale, 1871–1971 [Shire of Rosedale, Rosedale]
1855 establishments in Australia
Towns in Victoria (Australia)
Towns in Central Gippsland
Shire of Wellington |
5391543 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nordic%20combined%20at%20the%201932%20Winter%20Olympics | Nordic combined at the 1932 Winter Olympics | At the 1932 Winter Olympics one individual Nordic combined event was contested. It was held on Wednesday, February 10, 1932 (cross-country skiing) and on Thursday, February 11, 1932 (ski jumping). Unlike today the ski jump was the last event held. Both events were also individual medal events.
Medalists
Results
Final standings
Participating nations
A total of 33 Nordic combined skiers from ten nations competed at the Lake Placid Games:
References
External links
International Olympic Committee results database
Official Official Olympic Report
sports-reference
1932 Winter Olympics events
1932
1932 in Nordic combined
Nordic combined competitions in the United States
Men's events at the 1932 Winter Olympics |
5391544 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kenya%20Certificate%20of%20Primary%20Education | Kenya Certificate of Primary Education | The Kenya Certificate of Primary Education (KCPE) is a certificate awarded to students after completing the approved eight-year course in primary education in Kenya. The examination is supervised by the Kenya National Examination Council (KNEC), an examining body in Kenya under the Ministry of Education. The same body also conducts and regulates the Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education (KCSE), a certificate awarded to students after completing secondary education. KCPE and KCSE were both started in 1985 when the 8-4-4 system of education was introduced in Kenya.
Examination
The subjects examined are Mathematics, English, Kiswahili, Social Studies and Religious Education (Christian/Islamic/Hindu) and Science. English and Kiswahili consist of two parts, for English there is Grammar and Composition, and for Kiswahili, there is Lugha and Insha. Social Studies includes a bit of Kenyan History, Civic education, current County system of government as well as all the Religious Studies. Deaf or hard of hearing students may choose to be tested in Kenyan Sign Language instead of Kiswahili. Each subject is worth a maximum of 100 marks. Each candidate is therefore able to earn a maximum of 500 marks. If by chance someone gets over 400 marks they are admitted to a government sponsored school.
The exam time runs from the last week of October and takes three days. In 2016, the exams were held In October. Results are then announced by the Minister for Education sometime in November.
Efforts are ongoing to scrap the KCPE exam.
References
External links
Kenya National Examination Council
Education in Kenya
Primary school qualifications
Primary education |
5391554 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nordic%20combined%20at%20the%201936%20Winter%20Olympics | Nordic combined at the 1936 Winter Olympics | At the 1936 Winter Olympics, one individual Nordic combined event was contested. It was held on Wednesday, February 12, 1936 (cross-country skiing) and on Thursday, February 13, 1936 (ski jumping).
Medalists
Results
Cross-country skiing
The 18 kilometre cross-country skiing race was held on Wednesday, February 12, 1936, as part of the special 18 kilometre cross-country race.
The race started at 10:01 a.m. There was a gap of 30 seconds between each starter. The highest point was at 1010 metres and the lowest point was at 735 metres. The conditions were good with temperatures between -4.8° to -2° Celsius.
Oddbjørn Hagen the winner of this Nordic combined cross-country skiing race won for his performance also a silver medal in the competition of the specialists. In total 16 competitors participated in both events and were also placed in the separate 18 kilometre race.
Final standings
Participating nations
A total of 51 Nordic combined skiers from 16 nations competed at the Garmisch-Partenkirchen Games:
References
External links
International Olympic Committee results database
Official Olympic Report
1936 Winter Olympics events
1936
1936 in Nordic combined
Nordic combined competitions in Germany
Men's events at the 1936 Winter Olympics |
5391556 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pavel%20Tigrid | Pavel Tigrid | Pavel Tigrid (27 October 1917 – 31 August 2003) was a Czech writer, publisher, author and politician. He is considered one of the most important personalities of the Czech exile journalism.
Biography
Pavel Schönfeld was born in Prague on 27 October 1917. He left Czechoslovakia as a young man to evade the Nazis. In Great Britain, he adopted the pseudonym Tigrid (after river Tigris) when he worked as a broadcaster of anti-fascist propaganda in BBC, and kept it for the rest of his life. Returning after the end of World War II, he continued his publishing career, soon clashing with the ascendant communist ideology. Fleeing arrest, he emigrated to West Germany, later moved to United States and finally settled in France. During the Cold War, Tigrid was a prominent representative of Czech anti-communist exile, authored several books and published numerous publications, for example the magazine Svědectví ("Testimony"), read both in exile circles and by dissidents in Czechoslovakia from 1956 to 1992. He returned to Prague for the second time after the Velvet Revolution, was active in public life and served as the minister of culture (1994–96), but after an unsuccessful campaign for election to the Czech Senate, he retired to France where he died in 2003.
Literary works
Why Dubcek fell, London: MacDonald, 1971.
Kapesní průvodce inteligentní ženy po vlastním osudu, Toronto: Sixty-Eight Publishers, 1988.
Dnešek je váš, zítřek je náš : dělnické revolty v komunistických zemích, Praha: Vokno, 1990.
Politická emigrace v atomovém věku, Praha: Prostor, 1990.
Glosy o české politice 1996-1999, Praha: Radioservis, 1999.
Marx na Hradčanech, Brno: Barrister & Principal, 2001.
References
1917 births
2003 deaths
Czechoslovak emigrants to France
Culture ministers of the Czech Republic
Czech journalists
Writers from Prague
Recipients of the Order of Tomáš Garrigue Masaryk
Knights Commander of the Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany
KDU-ČSL Government ministers
Culture ministers
20th-century journalists |
5391558 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tomasz%C3%B3w%20County%2C%20Lublin%20Voivodeship | Tomaszów County, Lublin Voivodeship |
Tomaszów County () is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in Lublin Voivodeship, eastern Poland, on the border with Ukraine. It was established on January 1, 1999, as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998. Its administrative seat and largest town is Tomaszów Lubelski, which lies south-east of the regional capital Lublin. The only other towns in the county are Tyszowce, lying north-east of Tomaszów, and Łaszczów, lying east of Tomaszów.
The county covers an area of . As of 2019, its total population was 80,701, including a population of 19,050 in Tomaszów Lubelski, 2,112 in Tyszowce, 2,139 in Łaszczów, and a rural population of 57,400.
Neighbouring counties
Tomaszów County is bordered by Lubaczów County to the south-west, Biłgoraj County to the west, Zamość County to the north and Hrubieszów County to the north-east. It also borders Ukraine to the south-east.
Administrative division
The county is subdivided into 13 gminas (one urban, two urban-rural and 10 rural). These are listed in the following table, in descending order of population.
See also
Battle of Tomaszow Lubelski
References
Land counties of Lublin Voivodeship |
5391559 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zona%20orbicularis | Zona orbicularis | The zona orbicularis or annular ligament is a ligament on the neck of the femur formed by the circular fibers of the articular capsule of the hip joint. It is also known as the orbicular zone, ring ligament, and zonular band.
Structure
The zona orbicularis forms a ring around the neck of the femur. The articular capsule is much thicker above and in front of the joint, where the greatest amount of resistance is required, and thin and loose behind and below the joint.
The capsule consists of two sets of fibers, circular and longitudinal. The circular fibers, the zona orbicularis, are most abundant at the lower and back part of the capsule where they form a sling or collar around the femoral neck. Anteriorly, they blend with the deep surface of the iliofemoral ligament, and gain an attachment to the anterior inferior iliac spine.
Function
The zona orbicularis and proximal hip joint capsule are poorly understood. Recent studies seem to confirm that the proximal to middle part of the articular capsule, including the zona orbicularis, acts biomechanically as a locking ring wrapped around the femoral neck and thus is a key structure for hip stability in distraction. It tightens the joint capsule of the hip when iliopsoas muscle contracts.
Additional images
Zona orbicularis used as arthroscopic landmark for iliopsoas muscle.
Notes
References
(Abstract)
Ligaments of the lower limb |
5391564 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tropical%20Storm%20Barry%20%282001%29 | Tropical Storm Barry (2001) | Tropical Storm Barry was a strong tropical storm that made landfall on the Florida Panhandle during August 2001. The third tropical cyclone and second named storm of the 2001 Atlantic hurricane season, Barry developed from a tropical wave that moved off the coast of Africa on July 24. The wave entered the Caribbean on July 29 and spawned a low-pressure area, which organized into Tropical Storm Barry on August 3. After fluctuations in intensity and track, the storm attained peak winds of over the Gulf of Mexico. Barry headed northward and moved ashore along the Gulf Coast before degenerating into a remnant low on August 7. On the next day, Barry's remnants dissipated over Missouri.
Unlike the devastating Tropical Storm Allison earlier in the season, Barry's effects were moderate. Nine deaths occurred: six in Cuba and three in Florida. As a tropical cyclone, Barry produced heavy rainfall that peaked at at Tallahassee, in Florida. Gusts in the area reached , which was the highest wind speed recorded for the storm. The precursor tropical wave to Barry dropped large amounts of rain on southern Florida, leading to significant flooding and structural damage. Moderate flooding and wind damage occurred throughout the Florida Panhandle. As the storm's remnants tracked inland, parts of the Mississippi Valley received light precipitation. Barry caused an estimated $30 million (2001 USD) in damage.
Meteorological history
On July 24, 2001, a tropical wave emerged off the west coast of Africa, and tracked westward across the Atlantic Ocean. Little cyclonic development occurred until July 28, when convection began to increase along the wave. The wave moved into the eastern Caribbean on July 29, and its convection continued to increase while it tracked west-northwest over the subsequent few days. The disturbance emerged into the Gulf of Mexico on August 1, with rainfall noted over southern Florida and the western tip of Cuba. That same day, a broad low-pressure system developed along the wave near the Dry Tortugas at the end of the Florida Keys, which began to intensify as it moved northwestward. At around 1800 UTC on August 2, an Air Force Reserve Hurricane Hunter aircraft investigating the system discovered that the low had organized into a tropical storm, which received the name Barry. Post-hurricane season reanalysis, however, revealed that the low had become a tropical depression six hours earlier. There is uncertainty as to whether Barry actually held tropical characteristics at the time of designation, because of an upper-level low that was situated over the cyclone's surface center.
When Barry became a tropical cyclone, its convection wrapped around roughly half of the center. Outflow in the eastern semicircle was good, although due to upper-level wind shear, it was restricted to southeast of the circulation. The cyclone became embedded within a mid- to-upper-level trough between the ridge over the central U.S. and the ridge over the northwestern Caribbean. A strong, upper-level cyclonic shear axis extended from just south of Cape Hatteras to near Brownsville, Texas, which prevented Barry from accelerating in forward speed. The ridge over the United States weakened, thus collapsing the steering pattern; this resulted in a west-southwestward drifting motion of the tropical storm by around August 3. Early on August 3, strong westerly winds prevailed, and separated the center of circulation from what limited convection remained. The storm quickly regained some convection, although maximum sustained winds remained weak, at about 40 mph (60 km/h). Despite a slight drop in barometric pressure, post-season analysis revealed Barry weakened into a tropical depression early on August 4 due to the persistent wind shear and falling external pressure.
At 1800 UTC on August 4, the cyclone re-intensified slightly, and was upgraded to a tropical storm as the shear decreased. Early on August 5, a strengthening period began as deep convection ignited over and near the low-level center. Prior to landfall, banding features developed on the eastern half of the circulation, despite some residual westerly shear. Within seven hours, the barometric pressure dropped from 1004 mb to 990 mb and overall satellite presentation had begun to improve. Barry reached its peak intensity at 1800 UTC on August 5 with winds of , just shy of hurricane status. An eye formed at around the same time. At 0500 UTC on August 6, Barry increased in forward speed and made landfall at Santa Rosa Beach, Florida with winds of . Moving inland, the system weakened rapidly to a tropical depression; the National Hurricane Center issued its last advisory on the storm early on August 6. By the evening hours, maximum sustained winds near the center were around to , as the system slowed significantly and drifted northwest at about . The depression turned northwestward, and steadily weakened to a remnant low near Memphis, Tennessee on August 7, and the remnant low dissipated on August 8, over southeastern Missouri.
Preparations
In advance of the storm, the National Hurricane Center issued tropical storm watches and warnings for much of the U.S. Gulf Coast. They were upgraded to a hurricane warning when the storm was predicted to reach hurricane intensity. Because that strengthening failed to occur, the hurricane warning was downgraded to a tropical storm warning shortly before landfall. Westward, the warnings for Louisiana and Mississippi were discontinued. After Tropical Storm Barry made landfall, all tropical storm warnings for the Florida Panhandle were discontinued. Flood warnings were issued for parts of Leon and Wakulla counties, while a flash flood watch was in effect for parts of southern Georgia. A tornado watch was issued for the eastern Florida Panhandle, southern Georgia, as well as portions of central and eastern Alabama.
As Barry approached the Florida Panhandle, voluntary evacuations took place in eight counties. Shelters opened in six counties, though most were placed on standby. In parts of Franklin County, mandatory evacuations were ordered, and in Okaloosa County, tolls on the Mid-Bay Bridge were suspended. Forty C-130 cargo aircraft and about 300 personnel from Hurlburt Field were moved to the Little Rock Air Force Base in Arkansas to flee the storm's projected path. In Tallahassee, county officials filled sandbags in areas vulnerable to flooding. At Grand Isle State Park, park rangers moved picnic tables out of tidal range and closed the camping grounds for a period of time. Additionally, the storm forced NASA to delay a shuttle launch in southern Florida. Elsewhere, thousands of personnel were evacuated from several offshore oil platforms. The city of New Orleans closed 60 of its 72 floodgates to avoid possible flooding. Throughout southeastern Louisiana, including New Orleans, roughly 500 Red Cross volunteers and staff members were on standby. The threat of the storm forced the cancellation of an 'N Sync concert at Pro Player Stadium.
Impact
Cuba and Florida
The precursor tropical wave to Barry dropped widespread rainfall in western Cuba, but no damage was reported. Offshore, high seas sank a Cuban refugee boat, drowning 6 of its 28 passengers.
Three people in Florida were killed by the storm, and total damage is estimated at around 30 million (2001 USD). In southern Florida, the precursor to Barry produced 3 in (75 mm) to , with rainfall peaking at . The rain helped relieve persistent drought conditions; however, it caused significant flooding in Martin County on August 2, where a total of 300 homes received water damage. About 63 structures and 6 mobile homes in the county sustained major damage. In the Treasure Coast, catfish reportedly swam through flooded streets. Winds downed a radio tower, striking a house.
Due to the initial slow movement of the storm, outer rainbands began affecting the Florida Panhandle on August 4, with the heaviest rainfall observed on August 5–6. The storm dropped 5 in (125 mm) to 9 in (225 mm); the highest official report was at Tallahassee, though unofficial reports ranged as high as 11 in (175 mm). The rainfall inundated several structures in Bay County due to roof damage. Flooding occurred in Leon County and parts of Apalachicola National Forest, where torrential rains flowed into the Cascade Lakes, Lake Bradford and Munson Slough; the Munson Slough rose to its highest level since 1994. Numerous county and secondary roads were closed by floodwater in Walton, Washington, and Bay counties, as well as in the Tallahassee area. In and around Tallahassee, 100 vehicles were stalled by flood waters and towed, while four residents of an apartment complex on Allen Road were forced to evacuate due to rising waters. Sporadic flooding also occurred in Franklin County and Wakulla County. An indirect death occurred from a traffic accident due to heavy rain in Jackson County.
Wind gusts peaked at at the Eglin Air Force Base Range Station C-72. Light to moderate winds were widespread, causing damage throughout Walton, Washington, Bay, Calhoun, Gulf and Okaloosa counties. Trees were downed or damaged, and several structures suffered light wind damage. Window damage was reported at a high-rise condominium building in Destin, while nearby, the Mid-Bay Bridge was closed due to high winds. The Freeport Elementary School in Walton County sustained minor roof damage. Storm surge was generally light, ranging from to , with only minor beach erosion as a result. As a tropical system, Barry spawned a few weak tornadoes that caused minor damage. In an outer rain band, a lightning strike in Jacksonville killed one person. Another death is blamed on a rip current off of Sanibel Island. In total, the storm left 34,000 customers in the state without power.
Elsewhere
Tropical Storm Barry dropped light to moderate rainfall across Alabama, peaking at near the town of Evergreen. About 2 in (50 mm) fell over the state's peanut-growing region, helping to alleviate drought conditions. Heavy showers were also reported in the Birmingham area. Despite moderate rainfall totals inland, coastal locations received very little precipitation. Minor street flooding occurred in Geneva, Enterprise and New Brockton. Wind gusts peaked at at Montgomery, although damage was light, mostly from downed trees. Damage to awnings and small structures was reported in Florala. Barry's remnants produced light rainfall across Mississippi and Georgia, though no damage was reported. As the storm continued to track inland, it dropped up to 3 in (75 mm) of rain throughout Arkansas, Missouri and western Tennessee.
See also
List of Florida hurricanes
Other storms of the same name
References
External links
Barry (2001) Tropical cyclone report
HPC report
Barry
2001 natural disasters in the United States
Barry (2001)
Barry (2001)
Barry (2001)
Barry |
5391573 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nordic%20combined%20at%20the%201948%20Winter%20Olympics | Nordic combined at the 1948 Winter Olympics | Nordic combined at the 1948 Winter Olympics consisted of one event, held from 31 January to 1 February. The ski jumping portion took place at Olympiaschanze St. Moritz, while the cross-country portion took place around the hills of St. Moritz.
Medal summary
Medal table
Norway, which had won every previous Olympic medal in Nordic combined, were stunned to see Finland and Sweden split the three medals in St. Moritz.
Events
Individual
The 18 kilometre cross-country race was used to determine the cross-country scores for the nordic combined, which did not have a separate ski race. 39 competitors in that race went on to compete in the ski jumping, with each jumper taking three attempts, and the top two counting for points. The athlete with the highest combined points score was awarded the gold medal.
Participating NOCs
Thirteen nations participated in nordic combined at the St. Moritz Games. Bulgaria and France made their Olympic nordic combined debuts.
References
External links
Sports-Reference - 1948 Olympics - Nordic Combined - Individual
1948 Winter Olympics events
1948
1948 in Nordic combined
Nordic combined competitions in Switzerland
Men's events at the 1948 Winter Olympics |
5391585 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olive%20Lembe%20di%20Sita | Olive Lembe di Sita | Marie Olive Lembe di Sita (born 29 July 1976) is the former First Lady of the Democratic Republic of the Congo. She was the long-term girlfriend of Congolese President Joseph Kabila whom she married on 17 June 2006, becoming her country's First Lady.
In 1998, a daughter was born to the couple, Sifa Kabila, named after Kabila's mother, and former first lady Sifa Mahanya.
Wedding
On 1 June 2006, the head of the Maison Civile, Theo Mugalu, officially announced the wedding of Ms. Lembe di Sita to the President.
Two different dates emerged, some reports stating 10 June 2007, and other stating 10 June 2006. The wedding eventually took place on 17 June 2006 at the Presidential residence, in La Gombe, Kinshasa.
As President Kabila is Protestant, and Ms. Lembe di Sita is Catholic, the wedding ceremony was somewhat ecumenical, with both Cardinal Etsou, and Mgr Pierre Marini Bodho - Bishop and President of the Church of Christ in Congo, the umbrella church for most Protestant denominations in Congo - officiating. Cardinal Etsou had preeminence however.
References
1976 births
Living people
First Ladies of the Democratic Republic of the Congo
People from Maniema
Democratic Republic of the Congo Roman Catholics |
5391589 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Strand%2C%20Townsville | The Strand, Townsville | The Strand is a seaside foreshore located in Townsville, Australia. It is located in the suburb of North Ward. The Strand has a view of the Port of Townsville and Magnetic Island, as well as to Cape Cleveland. Features in the area include a jetty, a recreational park, restaurants, cafes and pools.
History
The Strand has been a part of Townsville's history since the city was founded in the mid-19th century.
The current foreshore was opened in 1999 after the old foreshore was severely damaged and eroded after heavy rainfall and wind from Tropical Cyclone Sid in January 1998 and other monsoonal storms between 1997 and 1998. It was moderately damaged by Cyclone Tessi in April 2000.
The Strand was the 'cauldron stop' for Townsville, during the Australian leg of the 2000 Sydney Olympics Torch Relay.
The Strand held the 2001 Centenary of Federation events, including a fireworks display and skyshow which attracted a crowd of around 86,000.
The Strand was named Australia's cleanest Beach in 2008. This was the second time the award was given to the beach in five years.
An Anzac Day march in 2009 attracted 20,000 people to The Strand.
In 2010, 35 million was spent on redeveloping the foreshore. An estimated 80,000 people turned out on the opening weekend, which included numerous events including a pyrotechnics and fireworks display, and a skyshow.
Features
Anzac Memorial Park began as The Strand Park in the 1910s as a place for the residents of Townsville to visit and enjoy. In September 1913, a bandstand, designed by Sydney architect A.B. Polin, was officially opened by the Mayor, Alderman R.W. McLelland, and dedicated to the memory of the late Alderman J.H. Tyack. The park was progressively expanded and developed and from the 1920s became a focus for the city's ANZAC Day activities. Reflective of this important use, the park was formally renamed the ANZAC Memorial Park in 1934.
The Telecasters North Queensland Building was previously the Queens Hotel. This building was built in stages between 1902 and the 1920s by publican John Tyack, to the design of prominent architectural firm Eaton, Bates and Polin. The hotel soon acquired a reputation as being one of the finest hotels in North Queensland.
The Tobruk Memorial Baths were built between 1941 and 1950, with early construction slowed as a result of the Second World War. The Baths were designed and built by the Townsville City Council's engineering and works department and named the Tobruk Memorial Baths in honour of the Australian servicemen who had taken part in the Siege of Tobruk.
Other recreational features include:
Oceanway pavement
Rockpool
Barbecue areas
Surf Lifesaving Club
Strand Park
Waterpark
Ocean Siren, a water sculpture by Jason deCaires Taylor modelled on twelve-year-old indigenous Wulgurukaba girl Takoda Johnson, which changes colour based on the water temperature measured nearby
Events
Since the opening of the Strand, the foreshore has been used for many annual or monthly events. The fourth Friday of each month sees Strand Park used for Nightmarkets, which is a popular festivity among the local residents. Other events include the annual Townsville City Council Run Christmas events, Carols by Candlelight and Stable on the Strand, as well as a fireworks display and gathering on New Year's Eve. One example of a bi-annual event is the Strand Ephemera, wherein local and regional artists display their works along the foreshore. Some works from this event have become permanent on the foreshore, including the Silver Coconuts near the Rock Pool.
References
External links
Council site
Stable On The Strand
Queensland Place Histories: The Strand, Townsville - John Oxley Library blog, State Library of Queensland.
Tourist attractions in Queensland
Townsville |
5391593 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Little%20Sugar%20River%20%28New%20Hampshire%29 | Little Sugar River (New Hampshire) | The Little Sugar River is a river in western New Hampshire in the United States. It is a tributary of the Connecticut River, which flows to Long Island Sound. The river flows parallel to and approximately south of the Sugar River.
The Little Sugar River begins on a tableland in the town of Unity, then drops to the west, cutting a small gorge past the north end of Perry Mountain, and enters the town of Charlestown. The river reaches the Connecticut just west of the village of North Charlestown.
See also
List of rivers of New Hampshire
References
Rivers of New Hampshire
Tributaries of the Connecticut River
Rivers of Sullivan County, New Hampshire |
5391602 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nordic%20combined%20at%20the%201952%20Winter%20Olympics | Nordic combined at the 1952 Winter Olympics | At the 1952 Winter Olympics in Oslo, one Nordic combined event was contested.
This marked the first time in Olympic history that the ski jumping portion of the competition was held before the 18 km cross-country skiing segment.
Medalists
Results
Participating NOCs
Eleven nations participated in nordic combined at the Oslo Games. Romania made their first, and as of 2010, only appearance in the sport.
References
External links
Official Olympic Report
Sports-Reference - 1952 Olympics - Nordic Combined - Individual
1952 Winter Olympics events
1952
1952 in Nordic combined
Nordic combined competitions in Norway
Men's events at the 1952 Winter Olympics |
5391607 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Egne%20hjem%20station | Egne hjem station | Egne hjem was an Oslo Metro and Oslo Tramway station on the Kolsås Line located in Bærum, Norway. The station was situated between Ringstabekk and Bekkestua, from Stortinget.
The station was opened on 3 November 1924. In 2006, it was the least busy station on the Kolsås Line and was located only from Ringstabekk and from Bekkestua. Owing to the low number of passengers and poor location, the station was not reopened following the upgrade of the Kolsås Line.
References
Official document about plans to upgrade Kolsåsbanen (.doc file, Norwegian)
Table over the western T-bane stations
Oslo Metro stations in Bærum
Oslo Tramway stations in Bærum
Railway stations opened in 1924
Railway stations closed in 2006
Disused Oslo Metro stations
1924 establishments in Norway
2006 disestablishments in Norway |
5391610 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mercury%20House%20%28publishers%29 | Mercury House (publishers) | Mercury House is nonprofit publishing company, founded in 1986 by William M. Brinton.
References
Small press publishing companies
Publishing companies established in 1986
Literary publishing companies
Non-profit publishers |
5391623 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intertrochanteric%20line | Intertrochanteric line | The intertrochanteric line (or spiral line of the femur ) is a line located on the anterior side of the proximal end of the femur.
Structure
The rough, variable ridge stretches between the lesser trochanter and the greater trochanter forming the base of the neck of the femur, roughly following the direction of the shaft of the femur. The iliofemoral ligament — the largest ligament of the human body — attaches above the line which also strengthens the capsule of the hip joint.
The lower half, less prominent than the upper half, gives origin to the upper part of the Vastus medialis.
Just like the intertrochanteric crest on the posterior side of the femoral head, the intertrochanteric line marks the transition between the femoral neck and shaft.
The distal capsular attachment on the femur follows the shape of the irregular rim between the head and the neck. As a consequence, the capsule of the hip joint attaches in the region of the intertrochanteric line on the anterior side, but a finger away from the intertrochanteric crest on the posterior side of the head.
The fibers of the ischiocapsular ligament attach both into the joint capsule and onto the intertrochanteric line.
Clinical significance
Intertrochantric fractures
This area of the femur being an important pillar for weight bearing through the skeletal system is subject to comparatively high levels of dynamic stress, pathological strain, physiological strain and trauma. This area is prone to fractures due to high velocity trauma in the young and trivial trauma in the elderly. The fractures in this line are called intertrochantric fractures and are classified as per the pattern of the fracture geometry.
After a fracture this area of bone is notorious for uniting in varying, and sometimes problematic angles. Therefore, it typically requires early surgical reduction and fixation with early mobilization and weight bearing in order to facilitate enhanced recovery.
References
Bibliography
(ISBN for the Americas 1-58890-159-9.)
External links
()
Bones of the lower limb
Femur |
5391626 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nordic%20combined%20at%20the%201956%20Winter%20Olympics | Nordic combined at the 1956 Winter Olympics | Nordic combined at the 1956 Winter Olympics consisted of one event, held from 29 January to 31 January. The ski jumping portion took place at Trampolino Olimpico, while the cross-country portion took place at Lo Stadio della neve.
Standings were determined by the combined length of 3 jumps per entrant and combined style points (best 2 out of 3), awarded by a pool of 5 international judges. The cross-country course had a vertical drop of , a maximum climb of and a total climb.
Medal summary
Medal table
Franciszek Gąsienica Groń's bronze medal was the first, and as of 2010, only, medal for Poland in nordic combined.
Events
Individual
Athletes did three normal hill ski jumps, with the lowest score dropped. They then raced a 15 kilometre cross-country course, with the time converted to points. The athlete with the highest combined points score was awarded the gold medal.
Participating NOCs
Twelve nations participated in nordic combined at the Cortina Games. The Soviet Union made their Olympic nordic combined debut.
References
External links
Sports-Reference - 1956 Olympics - Nordic Combined - Individual
1956 Winter Olympics events
1956
1956 in Nordic combined
Nordic combined competitions in Italy
Men's events at the 1956 Winter Olympics |
5391636 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inland%20Revenue%20Ordinance | Inland Revenue Ordinance | The Inland Revenue Ordinance is one of Hong Kong's Ordinances. It regulates the inland revenue of Hong Kong.
Most commonly used sections
Interpretation
IRO Section.2 Interpretation of some terms using in the ordinance.
Property tax
IRO Section.5 Charge of property tax
IRO Section.5B Ascertainment of assessable value
IRO Section.7C Rental Bad debts (irrecoverable & recovered)
Salaries tax
IRO Section.8 Charge of salaries tax
IRO Section.9 Definition of income from employment
Profit tax
IRD Rules 5 Charge of Profit tax in respect of non-resident
IRO Section.14 Charge of profits tax
IRO Section.15 Certain amounts deemed trading receipts
IRO Section.16 Ascertainment of chargeable profits
IRO Section.17 Deductions not allowed
Tax computation
IRO Section.18 Basis for computing profits
IRO Section.18F Adjustment of assessable profits
IRO Section.19 Treatment of losses
IRO Section.20 Liability of certain non-resident persons
IRO Section.20A Consignment Tax
IRO Section.22 Assessment of partnerships
IRO Section.24 Clubs, trade associations, etc.
IRO Section.25 Deduction of property tax from profits tax
Any person's HK property tax payable can be set off by the same HK profit tax payable.
IRO Section.26A Exclusion of certain profits from tax
IRO Section.26B Concessionary deductions, general provisions
IRO Section.26C Approved charitable donations
IRO Section.26D Elderly residential care expenses
IRO Section.26E Home loan interest
IRO Section.26G Contributions to recognized retirement schemes
IRO Section.27 Allowances, general provisions
IRO Section.28 Basic allowance
IRO Section.29 Married person's allowance
IRO Section.30 Dependent parent allowance
IRO Section.31 Child allowance
IRO Section.32 Single parent allowance
IRO Section.34 Initial and annual allowances, industrial buildings and structures
IRO Section.35 Balancing allowances and charges, buildings and structures
IRO Section.37 Initial and annual allowances, machinery or plant
IRO Section.38 Balancing allowances and charges, machinery or plant
IRO Section.41 Election for personal assessment
Tax administration
IRO Section.51 Returns and information to be furnished
IRO Section.51C Business records to be kept
IRO Section.51D Rent records to be kept
IRO Section.56A Joint owners and co-owners
IRO Section.88 Exemption of charitable bodies
IRO Section.88A Advance rulings
See also
List of Hong Kong legislation
External links
Inland Revenue Ordinance Cap.112 (online)
Taxation in Hong Kong
Hong Kong legislation |
5391644 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siemens%20Healthineers | Siemens Healthineers | Siemens Healthineers AG (formerly Siemens Healthcare, Siemens Medical Solutions, Siemens Medical Systems) is a German medical device company. It is the parent company for several medical technology companies and is headquartered in Erlangen, Germany. The company dates its early beginnings in 1847 to a small family business in Berlin, co-founded by Werner von Siemens. Siemens Healthineers is connected to the larger corporation, Siemens AG. The name Siemens Medical Solutions was adopted in 2001, and the change to Siemens Healthcare was made in 2008. In 2015, Siemens named Bernd Montag as its new global CEO. In May 2016, the business operations of Siemens Healthcare GmbH were rebranded "Siemens Healthineers."
Globally, the companies owned by Siemens Healthineers have 65,000 employees.
History
19th century
The history of Siemens Healthineers started in Berlin in the mid-19th century as a part of what is now known as Siemens AG. Siemens & Halske was founded by Werner von Siemens and Johann Georg Halske on 12 October 1847. The company formed around an invention created by Siemens called the pointer telegraph. Based on the telegraph, Werner von Siemens' new invention used a needle to point to the sequence of letters, instead of using Morse code. The company, then called Telegraphen-Bauanstalt von Siemens & Halske, opened its first workshop on 12 October. Eventually, the new company included electrometrical equipment and specialized in medical technology.
Three years previously, in 1844, Werner von Siemens put one of his inventions to use for medical purposes for the first time, using electricity to treat his brother Friedrich for tooth pain. After teaming up with Halske, the new company's products included electromedical equipment. In Erlangen, Erwin Moritz Reiniger laid the cornerstone for Reiniger, Gebbert & Schall, a company specializing in medical technology.
In 1896, only one year after Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen discovered the X-ray, Siemens produced the first industrially manufactured X-ray tubes for medical diagnostics.
20th century
In Aschaffenburg, Germany, X-ray pioneer Friedrich Dessauer founded his own company, which later came to prominence under the name Veifa-Werke. The companies maintained close ties with each other, finally merging in 1932 to form Siemens-Reiniger-Werke (SRW). The company soon came to be viewed as the world's largest specialized electromedical company. Later, in 1933, Siemens introduced rotating anode tubes for X-rays that could withstand much greater electrical loads, laying the foundation for the development of modern X-ray tubes.
Supported by Siemens in Erlangen, Inge Edler, a Swedish physician, and physicist Carl Hellmuth Hertz were intrigued by the idea of using ultrasound technology to achieve more precise heart diagnoses. In 1953, they became the first to use the ultrasound technique for echocardiography. Today, this powerful ultrasound process is a standard component of all cardiovascular examinations.
In 1958, Elema-Schönander AB (subsequently Siemens-Elema AB) developed the first cardiac pacemaker implanted in a critically ill heart patient by surgeon Åke Senning.
Siemens engineer Ralph Soldner developed the world's first "real-time" ultrasound unit, the Vidoson, in the 1960s. With this technology, technicians could view movements inside the body on a screen right while they were taking place, a feature that became especially important in obstetrics and pediatrics.
The company released its first computed tomography scanner, the Siretom, in 1975, a year after it exhibited its first tomographic image of a human head at the annual meeting of the Radiological Society of North America in Chicago. A typical examination took less than six minutes. The skull is scanned from various directions by an X-ray tube and a detector unit, and an image of absorption distribution in the brain is generated in the computer.
The first magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scanner, Siemens' MAGNETOM system, came to the market in 1983. With the aid of powerful magnetic fields, MRI scanners produce high-quality cross-sectional images without exposing patients to ionizing radiation.
In 1998, Siemens introduced the first track-based laboratory automation system, the ADVIA LabCell Automation Solution, allowing for increased efficiency and reduced costs.
Siemens imaging devices use the syngo image processing software developed by the company in 1999. The software provides a single user interface for a large number of imaging systems, integrating patient-specific physiological and imaging data into clinical workflows.
21st century
Siemens was the first to combine positron emission tomography (PET) with computed tomography (CT). By creating this hybrid imaging system, Siemens combined the PET scanner's ability to visualize biological processes of life with a CT system's anatomical image of tissues and organs. In doing so, the combination system allows a simultaneous display of anatomy and biological function. Time magazine named the Siemens Biograph, the world's first commercial PET-CT scanner, the "Innovation of the Year" in 2000.
In a similar fashion, Siemens launched the Biograph mMR in 2010, the first scanner to completely combine MRI and PET technologies. Like PET-CT, PET-MR hybrid systems combine multiple technologies to provide a better image of the body, enabling for better diagnoses, research and treatment plans for patients. It combines precise images of the body tissues from MRI with metabolic cell activity from PET.
In 2011, Siemens discontinued its linear accelerators for the treatment of cancer, citing cost pressures and a decision to focus on diagnostic imaging in cancer.
In May 2016, Siemens AG rebranded the healthcare division from Siemens Healthcare to Siemens Healthineers. The change reflected part of the Siemens AG Vision 2020 strategy announced nearly two years previously that its healthcare business would be separately managed as a company within the company with a new organizational setup. CEO Bernd Montag introduced the name along with a five-minute dance routine celebration outside the Healthineers headquarters in Erlangen. The routine was met with ridicule; the Financial Times called it a "Writhing spandex clad horror." Multiple outlets called the new logo similar to that of Fitbit and called the rebranding a failure at large. The name also led some people to believe that it was an article from The Onion. Montag later admitted that the dance routine was a mistake.
In November 2017 the company announced its intention to become publicly-listed on the Frankfurt Stock Exchange in March 2018. A minority stake of up to 25% was expected to be sold at part of the IPO, which would be Germany's largest listing since the IPO of Deutsche Telekom in 1996. The first day of trading was 16 March 2018, with a 15% stake sold at an initial share price of €28.00.
Charitable activities
Siemens Healthineers has supported charitable giving around the world. The company has supported such programs such as the American Society for Clinical Pathology's (ASCP) laboratory student scholarships, the PATH Ingenuity Fellows mentorship program, and others.
The company has also contributed to disaster relief efforts. In response to hurricane Katrina in 2005, Siemens Healthineers donated heart monitors and imaging equipment to Houston-area hospitals while parent company, Siemens AG, matched 100% of U.S. employee donations to the American Red Cross Disaster Relief Fund. After the 2010 earthquake in Haiti, Siemens Healthineers donated medical equipment to aid healthcare workers in their efforts to help victims. The company responded similarly in 2015 when a 7.8 magnitude earthquake struck Nepal. Siemens Healthineers provided the relief efforts with a magnetic resonance imaging machine in addition to the funds donated by Siemens AG.
Mergers and acquisitions
In 2005, Siemens Medical Solutions USA, Inc. acquired CTI Molecular Imaging for $1 billion (€750 million, $20.50 per share) incorporating it into its Advanced Imaging business.
In 2006, the business announced it would acquire Diagnostics Products Corporation for around $1.9 billion (€1.5 billion). Established in 1971, Diagnostics Products Corporation produced immunodiagnostics and supplies for fertility diagnosis and in-vitro allergy testing, with the business being incorporated into the Laboratory Diagnostics division post-deal. In the same year the company announced it would acquire Bayer's Diagnostics division, for €4.2 billion, boosting the business's offerings in a range of services for in-vitro diagnosis.
In November 2007, Siemens announced it would further expand its laboratory diagnostics range, via the acquisition of Dade Behring, producer of clinical laboratory equipment and products for routine chemistry testing, immunodiagnostics (including infectious disease testing), hemostasis testing, and microbiology.
In November 2011 the business acquired MobileMD, later divesting the business in 2014 to Cerner for $1.3 billion (€970 million).
In September 2012 the company announced it would acquire Penrith Corporation, manufacturer of ultrasound imaging systems.
In November 2016, Siemens Healthineers (via Siemens Healthcare GmbH) acquired Conworx Technology GmbH, a Berlin-based developer of point-of-care device interfaces and data management solutions.
In May 2016, Siemens Healthineers expanded its molecular diagnostics portfolio with the acquisition of NEO New Oncology AG.
In April 2017, Siemens Healthineers expanded into radiological information systems with the acquisition of Medicalis Corporation.
In 2019, the business announced the acquisition of vascular robotics start-up, Corindus, for $1.1 billion (€980 million).
In August 2020, the business announced it would acquire Varian Medical Systems, for $16.4 billion (€13.9 billion), representing a return to radiation therapy after the discontinuation of Siemens' own linear accelerators in 2011.
After the merger Varian will continue to operate as an independent company and will retain its headquarters along with its 10,000 employees.
See also
List of assets owned by Siemens
References
Medical technology companies of Germany
2018 initial public offerings
Siemens
Erlangen
Companies based in Munich
Medical and health organisations based in Bavaria
Companies listed on the Frankfurt Stock Exchange
Companies in the TecDAX
Companies in the MDAX |
5391654 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roman%20Catholic%20Archdiocese%20of%20Malta | Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Malta | The Archdiocese of Malta (Malti: Arċidjoċesi ta' Malta) is a metropolitan archdiocese of the Latin Rite of the Catholic Church in Malta.
History
Tradition claims that St. Paul the Apostle established the diocese of Malta in the year 60 A.D when he ordained the Roman governor, Saint Publius, as the first bishop of Malta.
The Diocese of Malta was made a suffragan diocese to the Metropolitan Archdiocese of Palermo by a Papal Bull of Pope Adrian IV on 10 July 1156 and confirmed by Pope Alexander III on 26 April 1160. The former Diocese of Malta, which is one of the oldest dioceses in the world, was elevated to archdiocese on January 1, 1944. The Diocese of Malta included the islands of Malta, Gozo and Comino. On September 22, 1864, the diocese lost the territories of Gozo and Comino when Pope Pius IX established the Diocese of Gozo which became a suffragan diocese to Malta.
Cathedrals
There are two cathedrals in the diocese: The Metropolitan Cathedral of Saint Paul, in Mdina, and the Co-Cathedral of Saint John the Baptist, located in Valletta.
Important dates
22 January (previously 21 January) - Memorial of Saint Publius
5 February - Memorial of St. Agatha of Sicily
10 February - Solemnity of the Shipwreck of St Paul
25 February - Memorial of Maria Adeodata Pisani
9 May - Feast of St. George Preca
1 July - Memorial of Nazju Falzon
8 October - Dedication of the Metropolitan Cathedral
Suffragan
Diocese of Gozo
Bishops of Malta
Auxiliary Bishops of Malta
Annetto Casolani (1848–1866)
Michael Franciscus Buttigieg (1863–1864)
Salvatore Gaffiero (1899–1906)
Paolo Rosario Farrugia (1907)
Angelo Portelli (1911–1927)
Emmanuele Galea (1942–1974)
Emanuele Gerada (1967–1968)
Joseph Mercieca (1974–1976)
Annetto Depasquale (1998–2011)
Charles J. Scicluna (2012–2015)
Joseph Galea-Curmi (2018–)
See also
Culture of Malta
History of Malta
List of Churches in Malta
List of monasteries and convents in Malta
Religion in Malta
Further reading
Outline of Maltese History 1971 AC. Aquilina & Co; Appendix III.
References
External links
Bishops of Malta
Apostolic sees
Catholic Church in Malta
Dioceses established in the 1st century
Malta |
5391656 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chittenden-3-5%20Vermont%20Representative%20District%2C%202002%E2%80%932012 | Chittenden-3-5 Vermont Representative District, 2002–2012 | The Chittenden-3-5 Representative District is a two-member state Representative district in the U.S. state of Vermont. It is one of the 108 one or two member districts into which the state was divided by the redistricting and reapportionment plan developed by the Vermont General Assembly following the 2000 U.S. Census. The plan applies to legislatures elected in 2002, 2004, 2006, 2008, and 2010. A new plan will be developed in 2012 following the 2010 U.S. Census.
The Chittenden-3-5 District includes a section of the Chittenden County city of Burlington defined as follows:
The rest of Burlington is in Chittenden-3-1, Chittenden-3-2, Chittenden-3-3, Chittenden-3-4 and Chittenden-3-6.
As of the 2000 census, the state as a whole had a population of 608,827. As there are a total of 150 representatives, there were 4,059 residents per representative (or 8,118 residents per two representatives). The two member Chittenden-3-5 District had a population of 8,826 in that same census, 8.72% above the state average.
District Representatives
Johannah Leddy Donovan, Democrat
Suzi Wizowaty, Democrat
See also
Members of the Vermont House of Representatives, 2005-2006 session
Vermont Representative Districts, 2002-2012
External links
Detail map of the Chittenden-3-1 through Chittenden-3-10 districts (PDF)
Vermont Statute defining legislative districts
Vermont House districts -- Statistics (PDF)
Vermont House of Representatives districts, 2002–2012
Burlington, Vermont |
5391659 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tr%C3%A9molat | Trémolat | Trémolat (; ) is a commune in the Dordogne department in Nouvelle-Aquitaine in southwestern France.
Geography
Trémolat is from the town of Périgueux and is situated along the river Dordogne in the Périgord region. Trémolat station has rail connections to Bordeaux, Bergerac and Sarlat-la-Canéda.
Population
Media
The director Claude Chabrol filmed Le Boucher (1970) in Trémolat.
See also
Communes of the Dordogne department
References
Communes of Dordogne |
5391662 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A.%20F.%20Cross | A. F. Cross | Albert Francis Cross (1863–1940) wrote under the pen name of A. F. Cross. He was a noted poet, playwright, journalist and author and the founder of several theatres and newspapers in the English Midlands area.
His most popular works include several books of verses and poetry, specifically Songs and Sonnets, Virginia and Charnwood Poems, inspired by a series of walks through Charnwood Forest. Charnwood Poems was published in 1928. He was also the author of several plays, including the musical comedy Dainty Diana.
Born in Moor Lane, Loughborough, on 9 May 1863, Cross began his career as a school master but moved into journalism after contributing to the Leicester Advertiser. In 1895, he became the editor of the Nuneaton Observer.
In 1900, he formed the Nuneaton Theatre and Entertainment Company and became manager of the Prince of Wales Theatre, Nuneaton. He also built the Empire Skating Rink in Nuneaton and managed Rugby Theatre in Rugby.
In 1906, Cross bought the Nuneaton Chronicle from its founder F.D. Robertson. He remained proprietor and editor until his death in 1940.
In 1930, he founded the George Eliot Fellowship.
References
External links
1863 births
1940 deaths
People from Loughborough
20th-century English poets
English male journalists
20th-century English dramatists and playwrights
British male poets
British male dramatists and playwrights
20th-century English male writers |
5391683 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20regions%20of%20Serbia | List of regions of Serbia | The regions of Serbia include geographical and, to a lesser extent, traditional and historical areas. Geographical regions have no official status, though some of them serve as a basis for the second-level administrative divisions of Serbia, okrugs (districts of Serbia). Not being administratively defined, the boundaries of the regions are in many cases vague: they may overlap, and various geographers and publications may delineate them differently, not just in the sense of regions' extents, but also in the sense as to whether they form separate geographical entities or subsist as parts of other super-regions, etc.
For the most part, regions correspond to the valleys or to the watershed-areas of rivers and were simply named after them (some even a millennium ago), while mountain ridges and peaks often mark boundaries. In some cases, a defined region may refer only to the inhabited parts of the valleys (see župa).
Valleys and plains along the largest rivers are special cases. The Serbian language usually forms their names with the prefix po- (SavaPosavina, Danube (Dunav)Podunavlje, TisaPotisje, etc.). Considered geographical regions per se, they usually have very elongated shapes and cover large areas (Pomoravlje), sometimes spreading through several countries (Posavina, Potisje, Podrinje, etc.). For the most part they overlap with other, smaller regions established during history along their course, in most cases named after the tributaries of the main river (most notably, in the case of all three sections of Pomoravlje).
For the purpose of easier presentation in the tables, the territory of Serbia is roughly divisible into six geographical sections: northern, western, central, eastern, south-western and south. Thus the tables do not follow the political divisions. Kosovo declared independence in February 2008. Serbia and a number of UN member states have not recognised its independence, and the territory is disputed.
Northern Serbia
Western Serbia
Central Serbia
Eastern Serbia
South-Western Serbia
Southern Serbia
Kosovo
Annotations
Sources
Atlas of Serbia (2006); Intersistem Kartofragija;
Jovan Đ. Marković (1990): Enciklopedijski geografski leksikon Jugoslavije; Svjetlost-Sarajevo;
Mala Prosvetina Enciklopedija, Third edition (1986), Vol.I; Prosveta;
Auto atlas Jugoslavija-Evropa, Eleventh edition (1979); Jugoslavenski leksikografski zavod
See also
Administrative divisions of Serbia
Geography of Serbia
References
Regions
Serbia, regions |
5391695 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nordic%20combined%20at%20the%201960%20Winter%20Olympics | Nordic combined at the 1960 Winter Olympics | Nordic combined at the 1960 Winter Olympics consisted of one event, held from 21 February to 22 February. The ski jumping portion took place at Papoose Peak Jumps, while the cross-country portion took place at McKinney Creek Stadium (Tahoma, California).
Competition opened with the ski jumping event. Standings were determined by a point system under the parameters of combined distance points (3 jumps per competitor) and "style" points awarded for each attempt. The table below reflects the best distance out of three attempts.
The following day, the second part of the Nordic Combined mandated the 15 kilometer cross-country competition. Points were awarded by timing (set number of points by timed placing). The combined points total of both events determined the final standings.
This event marked the first time the Däscher Technique was used in the ski jumping part of the Nordic Combined competition.
Medal summary
Medal table
The medals for Germany and the Soviet Union were the first for those countries in Nordic combined.
Events
Individual
Athletes did three normal hill ski jumps, with the lowest score dropped. They then raced a 15 kilometre cross-country course, with the time converted to points. The athlete with the highest combined points score was awarded the gold medal.
Participating NOCs
Thirteen nations participated in Nordic combined at the Squaw Valley Games. Australia made their Olympic Nordic combined debut.
References
External links
Sports-Reference - 1960 Olympics - Nordic Combined - Individual
1960 Winter Olympics events
1960
1960 in Nordic combined
Sports in Tahoma, California
Nordic combined competitions in the United States
Men's events at the 1960 Winter Olympics |
5391706 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deputy%20Leader%20of%20the%20Labour%20Party%20%28UK%29 | Deputy Leader of the Labour Party (UK) | The Deputy Leader of the Labour Party is the second highest ranking politician in the British Labour Party. The Deputy Leader also serves as the Deputy Chairperson of the Labour Party, and acts as Leader in the House in the event that the Leader cannot.
History
The Labour Leader does not have the power to appoint or dismiss their Deputy. The post is instead directly elected by party members, registered supporters and affiliated supporters on a one-member-one-vote basis; before 2015, it was elected using the party's former electoral college system; and before 1981, it was elected by Labour MPs.
Recently, the office of Deputy Prime Minister has been revived and held by senior politicians in the governing party. A previous Labour Deputy Leader, John Prescott, held this post from 1997 to 2007. However, the Deputy Leader is essentially a party official and there is no constitutional link between the two roles. The former Labour British Prime Minister, Gordon Brown, announced on his formal election as Labour Leader that the newly elected Deputy Leader, Harriet Harman, would instead become Party Chair. Brown subsequently appointed her Leader of the House of Commons in his first cabinet.
In the event of a vacancy in the office of Leader when the Labour Party is in opposition, the Deputy Leader automatically becomes temporary Leader of the Party until a new leader is elected. If a vacancy in the leadership occurs while the Labour Party is in government, then the Cabinet, in consultation with the National Executive Committee of the Labour Party, chooses a new leader, who serves until a new Leader is elected. Such a vacancy has occurred only twice, when Harold Wilson resigned as Leader and Prime Minister in 1976, and when Tony Blair did so in 2007, but each remained in office until, respectively, James Callaghan and Gordon Brown had been elected as successor, and so no Acting Leader was required to take over.
To date, the only Deputy Leaders who have gone on to be elected Leader of the Labour Party are Clement Attlee and Michael Foot. Margaret Beckett briefly served as Labour Leader following the unexpected death of John Smith in 1994. Harriet Harman was Leader after Gordon Brown resigned in 2010 and after Ed Miliband resigned in 2015. Conversely, John Robert Clynes served as Leader prior to becoming Deputy Leader.
List of deputy leaders of the Labour Party
Living former deputy leaders
There are five living deputy leaders. The most recent deputy leader to die was Denis Healey (1980–1983) on 3 October 2015.
See also
Deputy Leader of the Conservative Party (UK)
Deputy Leader of the Liberal Democrats
References
Labour Party (UK)-related lists |
5391716 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nordic%20combined%20at%20the%201964%20Winter%20Olympics | Nordic combined at the 1964 Winter Olympics | Nordic combined at the 1964 Winter Olympics consisted of one event, held 2–3 February at Seefeld in Tirol.
Medal summary
Medal table
Events
Individual
Athletes did three normal hill ski jumps, with the lowest score dropped. They then raced a 15 kilometre cross-country course, with the time converted to points. The athlete with the highest combined points score was awarded the gold medal.
Participating NOCs
Eleven nations participated in Nordic combined at the Innsbruck Games.
References
External links
Sports-Reference - 1964 Olympics - Nordic Combined - Individual
1964 Winter Olympics events
1964
1964 in Nordic combined
Nordic combined competitions in Austria
Men's events at the 1964 Winter Olympics |
5391725 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles%20de%20Steuben | Charles de Steuben | Charles Auguste Guillaume Steuben (April 18, 1788 – November 21, 1856), also Charles de Steuben, was a German-born French Romantic painter and lithographer active during the Napoleonic Era.
Early life
De Steuben was born the son of the Duke of Württemberg officer Carl Hans Ernst von Steuben. At the age of twelve he moved with his father, who entered Russian service as a captain, to Saint Petersburg, where he studied drawing at the Art Academy classes as a guest student.
Thanks to his father's social contacts in the court of the Tsar, in the summer of 1802 he accompanied the young Grand Duchess Maria Pavlovna of Russia (1786–1859) and granddaughter of Frederick II Eugene, Duke of Württemberg, to the Thuringian cultural city of Weimar, where the Tsar's daughter two years later married Charles Frederick, Grand Duke of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach (1783–1853). Steuben, then fourteen years old, was a Page at the ducal court, a position for which the career prospects would be in the military or administration.
The poet Friedrich Schiller was a family friend who at once recognized De Steuben's artistic talent and instilled in him his political ideal of free self-determination regardless of courtly constraints.
Education and training
In 1803 Steuben traveled with a letter to his friend, painter François Gérard, in Paris. Gerard took in many penniless aspiring artists and students for training. After two years of preparation, in February 1805 Steuben enrolled in the prestigious École nationale supérieure des Beaux-Arts, where he learned from renowned teachers, including Jacques-Louis David and Pierre-Paul Prud'hon.
While working in a studio, the young art student first met the naturalist Alexander von Humboldt, whose brother Wilhelm von Humboldt was the founder of the University of Berlin. Alexander von Humboldt strongly encouraged the efforts of the Steuben family to establish themselves artistically and economically: in long letters Humboldt repeatedly asked for support for De Steuben, soliciting artistic jobs for him, including from the Prussian Minister Heinrich Friedrich Karl vom und zum Stein and Duchess Helene of Mecklenburg-Schwerin.
Career and travels
De Steuben in 1812 debuted at the Salon de Paris with his painting of Peter the Great in the storm on Lake Ladoga, which garnered attention in the professional world. Encouraged by this first success, Steuben continued with a number of historical paintings. In 1820 he married a portrait painter named Eleanor Trollé, whom he had met during his training. At the time of their wedding, the couple already had a son, Joseph Alexander (born 1814).
At the behest of Pierre Fontaine in 1828 de Steuben painted La Clémence de Henri IV après la Bataille d'Ivry, depicting a victorious Henry IV of France at the Battle of Ivry. De Steuben's Bataille de Poitiers, en octobre 732, painted between 1834 and 1837, shows the triumphant Charles Martel at the Battle of Tours, also known as the Battle of Poitiers. He painted Jeanne la folle around the same time and he was commissioned by Louis Philippe to paint a series of portraits of past Kings of France.
Life in the French capital was a repeated source of internal conflict for Steuben. The allure of bohemian Paris and his military-dominated upbringing made him a wanderer between worlds. As an official commitment to his adopted country he became a French citizen in 1823. However, the irregularity of his income as a freelance artist was in contrast to his sense of duty and social responsibility. To secure his family financially, he took a job as an art teacher at the École Polytechnique, where he briefly trained Gustave Courbet.
In 1840 he was awarded a gold medal at the Salon de Paris for his highly acclaimed paintings.
Later years
In 1843 Steuben went back to Russia for 11 years. In Saint Petersburg he created seven paintings for the Saint Isaac's Cathedral. After a stroke, the artist returned to Paris in 1854, a sick man, where he suffered two more strokes, and ultimately lost the ability to work. De Steuben died in 1856 at the age of 68 years in his adopted hometown of Paris.
Steuben's son Joseph Alexander was taught painting by his father, and used his parents' close ties to the Russian art scene. After studying in Paris and a two-year residency in Rome, Josep went to Saint Petersburg like his father, where he was commissioned by Tsar Nicholas I, and also produced paintings for Saint Isaac's Cathedral.
Style
The love of classical painting was a lifelong passion of Steuben. He was a close friend to Eugène Delacroix, the leader of the French Romantic school of painting, whom he portrayed several times. Steuben was also part of this artistic movement, which replaced classicism in French painting. "The painter of the Revolution," as Jacques-Louis David was called by his students, joined art with politics in his works. The subjects of his historical paintings supported historical change. He painted mainly in sharp color contrasts, heavy solid contours and clear outlines. The severity of this style led many contemporary artists - including Prud'hon - to a romanticized counter movement. They preferred the shadowy softness and gentle color gradations of Italian Renaissance painters such as Leonardo da Vinci and Antonio da Correggio, whose works they studied intensively. Also, Steuben, who had begun his training with David, felt the school was becoming increasingly rigid and dogmatic. Critics praise his deliberate compositions, excellent brush stroke and impressive color effects. But his pursuit of dramatic design of rich people also showed, at times, a pronounced tendency toward the histrionic.
Gallery
References
Leopold von Pezold: Steuben, Charles. In: General German Biography (ADB). Volume 36, Duncker & Humblot, Leipzig, 1893, pp. 148 f
External links
1788 births
1856 deaths
18th-century French painters
French male painters
19th-century French painters
Burials at Père Lachaise Cemetery
Orientalist painters
19th-century French male artists |
5391730 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Twenty%20Two%20%28Millencolin%20song%29 | Twenty Two (Millencolin song) | "Twenty Two" is a song by the Swedish punk rock band Millencolin from the album For Monkeys. It was released as a single on 6 April 1997 by Shock Records, including two B-sides from the album's recording sessions, "Israelites" and "Vixen". These two tracks were re-released in 1999 on the compilation album The Melancholy Collection. "Twenty Two" was released only in Australia, in place of "Lozin' Must" which was released as the album's single in Europe and the United States, because "Lozin' Must" contained profanity.
Track listing
"Twenty Two"
"Israelites" (originally performed by Desmond Dekker)
"Vixen"
Personnel
Millencolin
Nikola Sarcevic - lead vocals, bass
Erik Ohlsson - guitar
Mathias Färm - guitar
Fredrik Larzon - drums
References
Millencolin songs
1997 singles
1997 songs
Song articles with missing songwriters |
5391734 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cold%20River%20%28Connecticut%20River%20tributary%29 | Cold River (Connecticut River tributary) | The Cold River is a river in western New Hampshire in the United States. It is a tributary of the Connecticut River, which flows to Long Island Sound.
The Cold River begins at the outlet of Crescent Lake in the northeastern corner of the town of Acworth. The river flows east into the town of Lempster, then turns south and reenters Acworth. When Dodge Brook joins the river, it turns west and makes its way to the Connecticut River, passing the villages of South Acworth, Alstead, and Drewsville. The river reaches the Connecticut just south of the communities of Bellows Falls, Vermont, and North Walpole, New Hampshire.
In October 2005, flooding on the Cold River and its tributaries caused severe damage in the towns of Alstead, Acworth, and Walpole.
Tributaries
(from upstream to downstream)
Dodge Brook (from east, near East Acworth)
Honey Brook (from southeast, between East Acworth and South Acworth)
Bowers Brook (from north, in South Acworth village)
Great Brook (from south, below South Acworth)
Warren Brook (in Alstead)
Great Brook (from north, in Langdon)
See also
List of rivers of New Hampshire
References
Rivers of New Hampshire
Tributaries of the Connecticut River
Rivers of Sullivan County, New Hampshire
Rivers of Cheshire County, New Hampshire |
5391754 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoran%20Stankovi%C4%87 | Zoran Stanković | Zoran Stanković (, ; 9 November 1954 – 5 October 2021) was a Serbian major-general and politician. He served as the Minister of Defence in the Government of Serbia and the Council of Ministers of Serbia and Montenegro and Minister of Health in the Government of Serbia. His affiliation was independent.
Early life and career
Zoran Stanković was born in the village of Tegovište, Vladičin Han, Yugoslavia. He graduated from the Medicine Faculty at the University of Niš. He finished his Postgraduate Medicine studies at Military Medical Academy in 1997.
Stanković had been a member of the Yugoslav Committee for the Collection of Data on Investigations of Crimes against Humanity and International Law since 1993. In December 1997, he formed a team to investigate the consequences of the NATO bombing of Republika Srpska on suspicion of using depleted uranium missiles. He was a member of the Truth and Reconciliation Commission. He is one of the most respected forensic scientists and pathologists in Serbia, and since 1995 he has worked as a United Nations expert. He testified before the International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia in several cases.
He worked as a coroner doctor and became the head manager of Military Medical Academy in 2002. He held this position until 2005 when he was elected to replace Prvoslav Davinić as the new Defense Minister.
Stankovic died from COVID-19 on 5 October 2021, in Belgrade during the COVID-19 pandemic in Serbia. He was 66 years old.
Politics
In 2005, he was elected a Minister of Defence, and held this position until 2007, when he was replaced by Dragan Šutanovac. He also served as the Minister of Health from 2011 to 2012.
He ran for president at the 2012 Serbian presidential election as the candidate of the United Regions of Serbia, and he finished fifth in the first round with 6.58% of the votes.
In early November 2012, the Government of Serbia appointed him head of the Coordination Body for Bujanovac, Preševo and Medveđa.
Selected works
Stanković, Z., Kovačević, V., Karan, Ž., Milosavljević, I., Tatić, V. (1991) "MORFOLOŠKE KARAKTERISTIKE BLAST POVREDA POGINULIH U OKLOPNIM VOZILIMA“, Vojnosanitetski pregled, Beograd, 48:6, 531-534.
Stanković, Z., Kovačević, V., Domijan, E., Milosavljević, I., Nikolić, M., Nikolić, K., Karan, Ž. (1992) "THE IDENTIFICATION OF CARBONIZED, PUTREFIED, SLAUGHTERED, DECOMPOSED AND FROZEN BODIES“, INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE AND EXHIBITION ON CRIMINAL INVESTIGATION AND JURISDICTION, Budapest, 10-13.
Stanković, Z. (1992) "SUDSKO - MEDICINSKA OBDUKCIJA U DOKAZIVANJU ZLOČINA“, SANU, Naučni skupovi; knj. 69, Odeljenje istorijskih nauka, knj. 22, Beograd, 363 - 372.
Stanković, Z. (1992) "SUDSKO-MEDICINSKA EKSPERTIZA DVADESET ČETVORO UBIJENIH GRAĐANA IZ GOSPIĆA I OKOLINE“, Vojnosanitetski pregled, Beograd, 49:2,143-169.
Stanković, Z., Kovačević, V., Nikolić, M., Milosavljević, I., Domijan, E., Karan, Ž. (1992) "RAD SUDSKO-MEDICINSKE EKIPE U VUKOVARU“, Dies medicinae forensis, Niš, 6-7 November.
Stanković, Z., Janković, M. (2001), "MRTVI VEČNA OPOMENA ŽIVIMA“, Edicija zbivanja i svedočenja, Bibloteka Matice srpske, Beograd - Pale, 434 str.
Janković, M., Stanković, Z., Jeftić, M., Mikić, Đ.(1995), "ZLOČIN ČEKA KAZNU“, Edicija zbivanja i svedočenja, Biblioteka Matice srpske, Novi Sad, 301 str.
Dimitrijević, J., Stanković, Z., Popović, Z., Kovačević, Z., Škatarić, V., Milosavljević, I., Gligić, A. (2004) "SIGNIFICANCE OF PATHOLOGIC FINDINGS OF HEMORRHAGIC FEVER IN AUTOPSY MATERIAL“, Poster presentation II Intercontinental Congress of pathology, Iguassu Falls, Brazil, 1326, A 06.110, 72.
Stanković, Z. (2000) "EKSPERTIZA MOŠTIJU S PREVLAKE“, Publikacija "Prevlaka Svetog Arhangela Mihaila - Humak Srpske duhovnosti“, Beograd, 99-107.
Kovačević, V., Knežević-Ušaj, S., Milosavljević, I., Stanković, Z., Brđović, J. (1994) "A propos one suicidal dimethoate poisoning“, Arch Toxicol Kinet Xenobiot Metab, Vol 2, No 2, 193.
See also
Military of Serbia
References
External links
ЗОРАН СТАНКОВИЋ, биографија на сајту Криминалистичко-полицијска академија
125 година Војне болнице у Нишу, Сретен Миленковић, Милорад Димић, Ниш:Војна болница;Зрењанин Југоремедија; Бечеј:Пролетер, 2004(Бечеј Пролетер).116 стр
1954 births
2021 deaths
People from Vladičin Han
Government ministers of Serbia
Serbia and Montenegro politicians
University of Niš alumni
Candidates for President of Serbia
Defence ministers of Serbia
Deaths from the COVID-19 pandemic in Serbia
Burials at Belgrade New Cemetery |
5391758 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Media%20in%20Atlanta | Media in Atlanta | The following is a list of media in Atlanta, Georgia, United States.
Print
Daily
The Atlanta Journal-Constitution
Atlanta Voice
Fulton County Daily Report
Weekly
Atlanta Business Chronicle
Atlanta Inquirer
The Atlanta Jewish Times
The Emory Wheel
The Signal
The Technique
Monthly
Creative Loafing
Barbershop Digest
The Southerner
Suburban
Acción Deportes
Gwinnett Daily Post
Marietta Daily Journal
El Nuevo Georgia
Defunct
Atlanta Constitution
Atlanta Georgian
Atlanta Journal
Atlanta Southern Confederacy
Daily Examiner
Daily Intelligencer
The Great Speckled Bird
Southern Voice
The Sunny South
Magazines
Art Papers
Atlanta
Atlanta History
David Atlanta
FENUXE
Jezebel
Broadcast radio
The Atlanta metropolitan area is currently the ninth-largest radio market in the United States as ranked by Nielsen Media Research. The following list includes full-power stations licensed to Atlanta proper, in addition to area suburbs.
Currently, radio stations that primarily serve the Atlanta metropolitan area include:
AM stations
FM stations
Asterisk (*) indicates a non-commercial (public radio/campus/educational) broadcast.
88.5 WRAS Atlanta (College/NPR/GPB)*
89.1 WBCX Gainesville (College/variety)*
89.3 WRFG Atlanta (College/freeform)*
90.1 WABE Atlanta (NPR/classical)*
90.5 WUWG Carrollton (NPR/GPB)*
90.7 WUOG Athens (College/freeform)*
91.1 WREK Atlanta (College/freeform)*
91.5 WWEV-FM Cumming (Christian)*
91.7 WUGA Athens (NPR/GPB)*
91.7 WCCV Cartersville (Christian)*
91.9 WCLK Atlanta (NPR/jazz)*
92.9 WZGC Atlanta (Sports)
93.3 WVFJ-FM Greenville (Contemporary Christian)*
94.1 WSTR Smyrna (Rhythmic AC)
94.9 WUBL Atlanta (Country)
95.5 WSBB-FM Doraville (Talk)
96.1 WWPW Atlanta (Contemporary hit radio)
96.7 WBZW Union City (Spanish contemporary)
97.1 WSRV Gainesville (Classic hits)
97.5 WUMJ Fayetteville (Urban AC)
98.5 WSB-FM Atlanta (Adult contemporary)
99.1 WIEH-LP Marietta (LPFM/Brazilian Portuguese Christian)*
99.3 WCON-FM Cornelia (Classic country)
99.7 WWWQ Atlanta (Contemporary hit radio)
100.1 WNSY Talking Rock (Regional Mexican)
100.5 WNNX College Park (Mainstream rock)
101.5 WKHX-FM Marietta (Country)
102.3 WLKQ-FM Buford (Regional Mexican)
102.5 WPZE Mableton (Gospel)
103.3 WVEE Atlanta (Urban contemporary)
103.7 WPCG-LP Canton (LPFM/Christian)*
104.1 WALR-FM Palmetto (Urban AC)
104.7 WFSH-FM Athens (Contemporary Christian)
105.3 WRDG Bowdon (Urban contemporary)
105.7 WBZY Canton (Spanish contemporary)
106.7 WAKL Gainesville (K-Love)*
107.1 WTSH-FM Rockmart (Regional Mexican)
107.5 WAMJ Roswell (Urban AC)
107.9 WHTA Hampton (Mainstream urban)
Defunct
WGHR/Marietta (1981–2004)
WGM/Atlanta (1922–23)
WHIE/Griffin (1954–2020)
WMLB/Cumming (1961–2003)
WSB-FM (104.5)/Atlanta (1948–52)
WTJH/East Point (1950–2010)
Television
The Atlanta metropolitan area is currently defined by Nielsen Media Research as the seventh-largest television market in the United States, with all of the major U.S. television networks having affiliates serving the region.
Atlanta is a major cable television programming center. Ted Turner began the Turner Broadcasting System in Atlanta in 1970 with his takeover of WJRJ-TV, renamed WTCG in 1970 and WTBS in 1979; WTBS became a pioneer "superstation" distributed to cable operators internationally, eventually yielding TBS. Ted established CNN in 1980, long headquartered at the CNN Center. Most of Turner's other networks—including Cartoon Network/Adult Swim, Boomerang, TNT, Turner Sports, Turner Classic Movies, HLN and CNN International—continue to be based in Atlanta. The Weather Channel has its offices and studios in nearby Cumberland. The first nationwide music video programming on cable television, Video Concert Hall, was created in Atlanta.
Currently, television stations that primarily serve the Atlanta metropolitan area include:
Broadcast
2 WSB-TV Atlanta (ABC)
4 WUVM-LD Atlanta (Azteca América)*
5 WAGA-TV Atlanta (Fox)*
6 WTBS-LD Atlanta (Estrella TV)
8 WGTV Athens (PBS-GPB)
11 WXIA-TV Atlanta (NBC)
14 WPXA-TV Rome (Ion Television)*
16 WYGA-CD Atlanta (BeIN Sports)
17 WPCH-TV Atlanta (Independent)
22 WSKC-CD Atlanta (KBS World)
28 WDWW-LD Cleveland (CBN News)
29 WANN-CD Atlanta (Independent)
30 WABE-TV Atlanta (PBS)
34 WUVG-DT Athens (Univision)*
35 WDTA-LD Atlanta (Daystar)*
36 WATL Atlanta (MyNetworkTV)
40 WIRE-CD Atlanta (Infomercials)
42 WTHC-LD Atlanta (Tourism info)
45 W45DX-D Atlanta (HSN)
46 WGCL-TV Atlanta (CBS)
47 WKTB-CD Norcross (Telemundo)
57 WATC-DT Atlanta (Independent)
63 WHSG-TV Monroe (TBN)*
69 WUPA Atlanta (The CW)*
Asterisk (*) indicates channel is a network owned-and-operated station.
Cable
Atlanta Interfaith Broadcasters
Bally Sports South
Bally Sports Southeast
CobbTV
Cobb edTV
Internet
Publishing
Atlanta Daily World
Patch
Radio
WMRE
See also
List of Atlanta broadcast stations by location
Georgia media
List of newspapers in Georgia (U.S. state)
List of radio stations in Georgia (U.S. state)
List of television stations in Georgia (U.S. state)
Media of cities in Georgia: Athens, Augusta, Columbus, Macon, Savannah
References
External links
Atlanta Historic Newspapers Archive Digital Library of Georgia
Southern Israelite Archive Digital Library of Georgia
Atlanta |
5391763 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George%20Ducas%20%28singer%29 | George Ducas (singer) | George Ducas is an American country music singer and songwriter, and musician, known for his pioneering neo-traditional blend of modern-day and roots country music. He has released four studio albums: 1994's George Ducas, 1997's Where I Stand, 2013's 4340 and 2019's Yellow Rose Motel. His first two albums charted six consecutive singles on the Billboard Hot Country Singles & Tracks (now Hot Country Songs) chart, the highest being his signature hit "Lipstick Promises" which reached No. 9 and was also a No. 1 CMT video. Ducas returned to the No. 1 spot on CMT with his 2019 single "Eastwood."
In addition to his own career, Ducas is an accomplished songwriter having written songs and hit singles for Garth Brooks, The Chicks, Gary Allan, the Randy Rogers Band, George Jones, Eli Young Band, Josh Thompson, and Sara Evans. To date, Ducas’ four studio albums, along with his songwriting credits, comprise a career yielding sales of more than 20 million, two #1 CMT videos, and a Grammy nomination in 2002.
Ducas continues to tour nationally and internationally including Ireland, Brazil, the UK, Sweden, France, and Japan.
Early life
George Ducas was born in Galveston, Texas and was raised in his early years by his father Steve (an Exxon chemical engineer) and his mother Irene (a teacher and a poet) in nearby Texas City, Texas. When he was 5, his parents divorced and he spent the next five years in California with his mother, who gave him his first guitar. He then moved back to Houston, Texas to live with his father and stepmother to attend middle school and high school. Ducas attended Lamar High School in Houston and afterward attended Vanderbilt University, graduating with a degree in economics. After working six months at an Atlanta bank, he quit and relocated to Nashville to pursue a full-time career in music. "Doing something you love is much more important, even if it's a little more dangerous," Ducas told the Times Leader of Wilkes Barre, PA in 1997.
Musical career
Upon his move to Music City, Ducas performed in Nashville area clubs by night and honed his songwriting skills by day. 1994 saw Ducas score both his first hit as a songwriter as well as his own record deal. As a songwriter, Radney Foster took "Just Call Me Lonesome", a song Ducas co-wrote, into the Top Ten on the country charts. A review of "Just Call Me Lonesome" in Cash Box was positive, stating "Described as a classic shuffle in the tradition of Ray Price or Buck Owens, 'Just Call Me Lonesome' is also reminiscent of Dwight Yoakam's 'Guitars, Cadillacs'. Good Bakersfield sound." Later that year, Ducas signed a record deal with Liberty Records.
1995 - 1996: George Ducas
Ducas' debut single "Teardrops" became a Top 40 hit on the Billboard Hot Country Songs and Country Airplay charts. "Lipstick Promises" followed in early 1995 reaching all the way to #9 leading the way to the release of his eponymous self-titled debut album. George Ducas also produced the No. 52 "Hello Cruel World" and the No. 72 "Kisses Don't Lie".
1997 - 2000: Where I Stand
Due to a restructuring of Liberty Records, Ducas was transferred to Capitol Records Nashville. Prior to his sophomore album's release, Ducas spent time in Bakersfield, CA with one of his songwriting & musical heroes, Buck Owens, where the country music legend took keen interest in Ducas and his music. Buck would continue to reach out and stay in touch even after Ducas returned to Nashville.
Initially Ducas' sophomore album Where I Stand was slated for release in 1996, however some record label shuffling pushed the release into the following year kicking off with the lead single "Every Time She Passes By” followed by “Long Trail Of Tears”. Ducas enlisted Vince Gill to feature his accompanying background vocals on the album. Ducas continued to perform live headlining his own shows and opening for such acts as Alan Jackson, Toby Keith, Mary Chapin Carpenter, Diamond Rio, The Mavericks and Faith Hill. He also made his debut on the Grand Ole Opry.
2000 - 2013: Songwriting Success
While Ducas continued to tour incessantly, he began notching numerous hits as a songwriter for artists such as Garth Brooks, Sara Evans, Eli Young Band, Randy Rogers Band, Gary Allan, The Chicks, Trisha Yearwood and more. One of his songs - "Beer Run (B Double E Double Are You In?)", a Top 30 duet for Garth Brooks and George Jones - earned a Grammy nomination in the process.
In 2005, Ducas and Radney Foster co-wrote the No. 1 hit "A Real Fine Place to Start" for Sara Evans which led to Ducas spending the latter half of 2007 opening shows for her. Other singles that Ducas has co-written include fellow Texas Music artists Randy Rogers Band's 2007 single "Kiss Me in the Dark" and the Eli Young Band's 2008 single "Always the Love Songs," the latter of which he co-wrote with David Lee Murphy. He also co-wrote Josh Thompson's "Won't Be Lonely Long".
2013 - 2017: 4340
In October 2013, Ducas released 4340 through the newly created independent label Loud Ranch. Supporting the album with a tour that centered around Texas and Oklahoma but reached as far as Japan, Ducas experienced major radio airplay in Texas with four singles from the album in “Breakin’ Stuff,” “CowTown,” and the Top 40 Music Row chart hits “LoveStruck” and “All Kinds Of Crazy”. In 2016, Ducas released the single "Party with Your Boots On" which was licensed to the Houston Livestock Show and Rodeo as their first official artist theme song on a limited term usage agreement.
2017 - 2020: Yellow Rose Motel
Following digital releases of select songs throughout 2019, Ducas’ fourth studio album Yellow Rose Motel was released in January 2020. In addition to writing and recording the album in several Nashville recording sessions throughout 2017 and 2018, Ducas also co-produced the album. Yellow Rose Motel was released to resounding critical acclaim including high praise in both the UK and Australia. The song “Eastwood”, the first of three music videos from the album, became Ducas’ second #1 CMT video and remained in the top spot for three weeks. Like much of the entertainment world, the COVID-19 pandemic affected Ducas, which included the cancellation of tours and tabling promotion of Yellow Rose Motel.
2020 - present
In 2020, as a celebration of the 25th anniversary of his biggest hit, Ducas went back into the studio and recorded a new version of "Lipstick Promises." American Songwriter Magazine called the new version 'a fun re-work' as "...the new version now features a little more energy as George kicked the tempo up a couple of notches. It hasn’t changed per se, it just sounds a little more like he plays it when he’s live onstage."
In 2020, Ducas began the process of recording a new album.
Discography
Studio albums
Singles
Music videos
External links
Official website of George Ducas
References
1971 births
American country singer-songwriters
American male singer-songwriters
American alternative country singers
Living people
People from Texas City, Texas
Singer-songwriters from Texas
Capitol Records artists
Liberty Records artists
Country musicians from Texas |
5391769 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uradhi%20language | Uradhi language | Urradhi is a Paman language of the Cape York Peninsula of Queensland, Australia, and is apparently extinct. It was spoken by the Urradhi people. Urradhi proper is the south-western dialect of the language. The name is composed of urra "this" and the proprietive dhi "having". The south-eastern dialect of the same language, Wudhadhi, is made of the same elements, wudha being "this". These are part of a group of closely related and highly mutually intelligible dialects, these being Angkamuthi to the north of Urradhi, Atampaya inland from these, Utudhanamu inland north from Atampaya, Yantaykenu further north, being the language of the Bamaga area, Yadhaykenu on the east coast north of Wudhadhi, and Yaraytyana further north again. (Adyinuri/Itinadyana may have been another.) This group has no common language name, though Urradhi is commonly used as a cover name. It is unknown when it became extinct.
The Urradhi dialects are closely related to the Gudang language (Pantyinamu/Yatay/Gudang/Kartalaiga and other clan names), formerly spoken on the tip of Cape York.
The traditional language region includes north of Mapoon and Duyfken Point and east of the coast strip to the north of Port Musgrave (Angkamuthi country) incorporating the mouth of the Ducie River, the lower reaches of the Dulhunty River and the upper reaches of the Skardon River in the north. Following the displacement of Indigenous people by British settlement, it was also spoken in the Northern Peninsula Area Region including the communities of New Mapoon, Injinoo and Cowal Creek.
Phonology
Vowels
Uradhi has seven phonemic vowels:
Consonants
Uradhi has 18 consonants:
References
Notes
General
Northern Paman languages
Extinct languages of Queensland |
5391776 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History%20of%20Perth | History of Perth | History of Perth can refer to:
History of Perth, Scotland
History of Perth, Western Australia |
5391778 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tony%20Smith%20%28sculptor%29 | Tony Smith (sculptor) | Anthony Peter Smith (September 23, 1912 – December 26, 1980) was an American sculptor, visual artist, architectural designer, and a noted theorist on art. He is often cited as a pioneering figure in American Minimalist sculpture.
Education and early life
Smith was born in South Orange, New Jersey, to a waterworks manufacturing family started by his grandfather and namesake, A. P. Smith. Tony contracted tuberculosis around 1916, which lasted through much of elementary school. In an effort to speed his recovery, protect his immune system, and protect his siblings, his family constructed a one-room prefabricated house in the backyard. He had a full-time nurse and had tutors to keep up with his school work; he sporadically attended Sacred Heart Elementary School in Newark. His medicine came in little boxes which he used to form cardboard constructions. Sometimes he visited the waterworks factory, marveling at the industrial production, machines and fabrication processes.
Smith commuted to St. Francis Xavier High School, a Jesuit high school in New York City. In the spring and summer of 1931 he attended Fordham University, and in the fall enrolled at Georgetown University. Smith was disillusioned with formal education, and returned to New Jersey in January 1932, where, during the Great Depression, he opened a second-hand bookstore in Newark on Broad Street. From 1934 to 1936, he worked days at the family factory and attended evening courses at the Art Students League of New York where he studied anatomy with George Bridgman, drawing and watercolor with George Grosz, and painting with Vaclav Vytlacil. In 1937, he moved to Chicago intending to study architecture at the New Bauhaus, where he readily absorbed the interdisciplinary curriculum but was ultimately disillusioned. The following year, Smith began working for Frank Lloyd Wright's Ardmore Project near Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, where he began as a carpenter helper and bricklayer, and eventually was named Clerk-of-the-Works. After a brief period with Wright in Taliesin, Wisconsin, Smith worked building the Armstrong house in Ogden Dunes, Indiana. This period ended when his mother fell ill in 1940 and Smith returned to New Jersey. His father died suddenly on December 1 of that year.
Career
In 1940, Smith began his career as an independent architectural designer, which lasted until the early 1960s. He built approximately twenty private homes and envisioned many unrealized projects, such as the 1950 Model Roman Catholic Church, with paintings on glass by Jackson Pollock (1950). His work included homes for many in the art community, including Fritz Bultman (1945), Theodoros Stamos, Fred Olsen (1951), and Betty Parsons (1959-60). Despite these successes, the architect-client relationship frustrated Smith enough that he gravitated toward his artwork.
Smith returned to the East Coast after two years in Hollywood, California (1943–45) and began teaching, while developing architectural projects, at the same time as developing various theoretical ideas and painting abstractly. He became a central member of the New York School community, with ties ranging from Gerome Kamrowski to Jackson Pollock, Barnett Newman and Mark Rothko.
He lived in Germany and traveled extensively in Europe from 1953 to 1955, accompanying his wife Jane who was there as an opera singer. There he developed a new group of architectural projects and painted extensively, including the landmark group of Louisenberg paintings (1953–1955). Chiara "Kiki" Smith was born in 1954, when they were living in Nuremberg. Twins Beatrice (Bebe) and Seton were born after the family returned to South Orange, in 1955.
Smith taught architecture and design-related classes at the Delahanty Institute (1956–57) and Pratt Institute (1957–1959), where he developed Throne (1956). This critical early work developed from a class assignment for students at Pratt to determine the simplest possible three-dimensional joint that could be stacked for more than two levels. Smith enhanced the geometrical solution of four triangular prisms by adding another joint, resulting in a new form with seven triangular prisms enclosing two tetrahedra. After some time passed, he decided that the resulting form was something other than a design exercise, so titled it Throne because the symmetrical abstraction reminded him of the dense volume of an African beaded throne.
Smith joined the faculty at Bennington College, Vermont. In 1960 a class project investigating close-packed cells based on D'Arcy Thompson's book Growth & Form (1918) sparked Smith's search for artistic inspiration in the natural world. The resulting agglomeration of 14-sided tetrakaidecahedrons, the ideally efficient soap-bubble cell, is known as the Bennington Structure. This was the first time Smith saw the impact that enlarged geometric shapes could have as independent but architecturally scaled forms - as sculpture.
While recovering from an automobile accident at home in 1961, Smith started to create small sculptural maquettes using agglomerations of tetrahedrons and octahedrons. By 1962 he was teaching at Hunter College. In this year he created Black Box, his first fabricated steel sculpture. The dense rectangular prism, less than two feet high, developed from a mundane object, a 3 x 5" file card box that Smith saw on the desk of American Art critic and historian Eugene Goosen, his colleague and friend. Smith enlarged the proportions of the box five times, like a recent class assignment. He phoned a local fabricator, Industrial Welding, whose billboard he had seen while driving on the New Jersey Turnpike and asked them to deliver it to his suburban home. Although the welders assumed he was crazed, they treated the project with the utmost workmanship and the result was a stunning form to Smith. With this piece, entitled Black Box, Smith had discovered a sculpting process that he continued to hone. Where others saw a pure geometric shape, Smith saw it as a mysterious form. The title alluded to the corrupt administration of New York mayor Jimmy Walker (1926–32), when contractors would drop bribes into a slot in a "black"box. is Black Box was set on the site of the black wood-burning stove in the little house he had lived in as a small child, so it functioned as a kind of gravestone. It was deliberately placed on a thin base of two-by-four inch plywood pieces to call attention to its status as a work of art.
In 1962, he made Die, a 6' steel cube that established his reputation as one of the most influential and important artists of his time. The Elevens Are Up (1963) follows formally on Die. Inspired by the two veins on the back of the neck which are accentuated when one has had too much to drink, the sculpture consists of two black steel masses installed face to face, four feet apart. Fabricated in steel and weighing over 12,000 pounds, the later Source (1967) is a monumental sculpture which Smith first exhibited at documenta IV in Kassel, Germany in the summer of 1968. After exhibiting massive, black-painted plywood and metal works at several sites across the United States and internationally, Smith was featured on the October 13, 1967 cover of Time with his plywood structure Smoke (1967) enveloping the atrium of the Corcoran Gallery of Art in Washington.
Allied with the minimalist school, Smith worked with simple geometrical modules combined on a three-dimensional grid, creating drama through simplicity and scale. During the 1940s and 1950s Smith became close friends with Barnett Newman, Jackson Pollock, Mark Rothko, and Clyfford Still. His sculpture shows their abstract influence. One of Smith's unrealized architectural projects in 1950 was a plan for a church that was to have painted glass panels designed in collaboration with his friend Pollock.
Smith also taught at various institutions including New York University, Cooper Union, Pratt Institute, Bennington College, and Hunter College, where he mentored artists such as Pat Lipsky.
Smith was asked to teach a sculpture course at the University of Hawaii in Manoa during the summer of 1969. He designed two unrealized works, Haole Crater (a recessed garden) and Hubris, but eventually created The Fourth Sign that was sited on the campus. His Hawaii experience also generated fodder for his "For..." series whose initials are friends and artists he met during his time in Manoa.
As a leading sculptor in the 1960s and 1970s, Smith is often typically associated with the Minimalist art movement.
Exhibitions
Smith's first exhibitions were in 1964, and he had his first one-person exhibition in 1966. That same year, was asked to anchor the seminal 1966 show at the Jewish Museum in New York entitled Primary Structures, one of the most important exhibitions of the 1960s. Smith's museum debut as a sculptor of large-scale, geometric sculpture was at the Wadsworth Atheneum, Hartford, Connecticut, and the Institute of Contemporary Art, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (1966), followed by a nationwide traveling exhibition that began at the Andrew Dickson White House, Cornell University in Ithaca, New York (1968), and a New Jersey–based traveling show organized by the Newark Museum and New Jersey State Council on the Arts (1970).
A major retrospective, "Tony Smith: Architect, Painter, Sculptor," was held at the Museum of Modern Art in New York in 1998, including his architecture, painting, and sculpture. A European retrospective followed in 2002, arranged by the Institut Valencià d'Art Modern, Spain and the Menil Collection, Houston, organized a retrospective of Smith's works on paper in 2010. Smith was also included in a Guggenheim International Exhibition, New York (1967); the Venice Biennale (1968); documenta 4, Kassel, Germany (1968); Whitney Annual, Whitney Museum of American Art, New York (1966, 1970, and 1971); and Whitney Biennial, New York (1973).
September 23, 2012 marked the one hundredth anniversary of Smith's birth. Institutions around the world celebrated his centennial with special events, including a daylong symposium at the National Gallery of Art, a panel discussion at the Seattle Art Museum, an outdoor sculpture installation at Bryant Park in New York, and the exhibition "Kiki Smith, Seton Smith, Tony Smith: A Family of Artists", which opened at the Kunsthalle Bielefeld, Germany, that day.
Collections
Smith's work is included in most leading international public collections, including the Museum of Modern Art, New York; Menil Collection, Houston; the Governor Nelson A. Rockefeller Empire State Plaza Art Collection, Albany, NY; Walker Art Center, Minneapolis; Louisiana Museum of Modern Art, Humlebæk, Denmark; and the Kröller-Müller Museum, Otterlo, the Netherlands. In 2003, the National Gallery of Art in Washington acquired one of four casts of Smith's first steel sculpture, Die, created in 1962 and fabricated in 1968, from Paula Cooper Gallery.<ref>Vogel, Carol. "Inside Art" New York Times'. 2 May 2003'.</ref>Smoke (1967) currently fills the 60-foot high atrium leading into the Los Angeles County Museum of Art’s Ahmanson Building; the museum purchased the work in 2010.
The estate of Tony Smith is currently represented by Pace Gallery in New York.
Private life
Smith met his wife, opera singer and actress Jane Lawrence, in New York in 1943. They moved to Los Angeles and were married in Santa Monica, with Tennessee Williams as the only witness.
He was the father of artists Chiara "Kiki" Smith, Seton Smith, and the underground actress Beatrice "Bebe" Smith (Seton's twin, who died in 1988).
In 1961, Smith was injured in a car accident and subsequently developed polycythemia, a blood condition which produces a large number of red blood cells. His health was always in question and deteriorated until he succumbed to a heart attack at age 68 on December 26, 1980. At the time of his death, he and his family resided in South Orange, New Jersey.
See also
Environmental sculpture
List of sculptures by Tony Smith
The Tony Smith Artist Research Project
References
Further reading
Busch, Julia M., A Decade of Sculpture: the New Media in the 1960s (The Art Alliance Press: Philadelphia; Associated University Presses: London, 1974)
Charlot, John, "Tony Smith in Hawai'i", The Journal of Intercultural Studies, University of Hawai'i Press, No. 30 2003
Shortliffe, Mark (coordinator), Not an Object. Not a Monument. The Complete Large-Scale Sculpture of Tony Smith (Matthew Marks Gallery: New York; 2007)
Storr, Robert, Tony Smith: Architect Painter Sculptor (Museum of Modern Art: New York; 1998)
Chasnick, Ilya, Ellsworth Kelly, Kasimir Malevich, Ad Reinhardt, David Smith, and Tony Smith. "Of Absence and Presence: April 23-May 24, 1986." (Kent Fine Art: New York; 1986).
Thalacker, Donald W. The Place of Art in the World of Architecture'', Chelsea House Publishers, New York, 1980. .
External links
www.tonysmithestate.com
Tony Smith Biography @ artnet.com
Tony Smith Biography @ nga.gov
Time Magazine Oct 13, 1967
Free Ride in situ at Clos Pegase
20th-century American sculptors
20th-century American male artists
American male sculptors
American abstract artists
American contemporary artists
Contemporary sculptors
Minimalist artists
Modern artists
1912 births
1980 deaths
Sculptors from New Jersey
Art Students League of New York alumni
Georgetown University alumni
Hunter College faculty
People from South Orange, New Jersey
Sculptors from New York (state)
Cooper Union faculty |
5391794 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scapanorhynchus | Scapanorhynchus | Scapanorhynchus (from , 'shovel' and 'snout') is an extinct genus of shark that lived from the early Cretaceous until possibly the Miocene if S. subulatus is a mitsukurinid and not a sand shark. Their extreme similarities to the living goblin shark, Mitsukurina owstoni, lead some experts to consider reclassifying it as Scapanorhynchus owstoni. However, most shark specialists regard the goblin shark to be distinct enough from its prehistoric relatives to merit placement in its own genus.
Scapanorhynchus had an elongated, albeit flattened snout and sharp awl-shaped teeth ideal for seizing fish, or tearing chunks of flesh from its prey. It was a small shark normally measuring about 65 cm, though the largest species, S. texanus, is thought to have reached up to 3 m (10 ft) in length, about the size of a modern goblin shark. The largest teeth reported from this genus are anterior teeth from S. texanus, which can reach lengths up to 7 cm.
References
Further reading
Case, G and Schwimmer, D., 1998. Late Cretaceous fish from the Blufftown Formation (Campanian) in Western Georgia. Journal of Paleontology., 62(2). pp 290–301.
Kent, B., 1994. Fossil Sharks of the Chesapeake Region. Egan Rees & Boyer, Maryland. 146 pp
Mitsukurinidae
Prehistoric shark genera
Cretaceous sharks
Paleogene sharks
Miocene sharks
Cretaceous fish of Asia
Fossils of Uzbekistan
Bissekty Formation
Late Cretaceous fish of North America
Mooreville Chalk |
5391810 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brunswik | Brunswik | Brunswik is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
Egon Brunswik (1903-1955), Hungarian-American psychologist
Else Frenkel-Brunswik (1908-1958), Polish-Austrian psychologist
Brunswik may also refer to:
Brunswik, district of Kiel, Germany
See also
Brunswick (disambiguation) |
5391816 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicola%20Salvi | Nicola Salvi | Nicola Salvi or Niccolò Salvi (6 August 1697 (Rome) – 8 February 1751 (Rome)) was an Italian architect; among his few projects completed is the famous Trevi fountain in Rome, Italy.
Biography
Admitted to the Roman Academy of Arcadia in 1717, Salvi became an architect only after studies in mathematics and philosophy. His mentor in architecture was Antonio Canevari, who served also as consulting architect for the king of Portugal. In 1728, Canevari left for Lisbon, and Salvi continued his commissions in Rome. Among these were ephemeral decorations and small decorative projects. In Rome, the patronage for the building of large structures had declined relative to the previous century.
In 1732, competitions were held by Pope Clement XII for two large projects. One was to create a new façade for the church of Saint John Lateran, and another was for a public fountain at Trevi. The former completion was won by Alessandro Galilei, though Salvi's design had much praise. Salvi's design for the fountain however was chosen instead of plans by Ferdinando Fuga and his friend Luigi Vanvitelli. Salvi did not live to see the fountain completed in 1762 by his friend Pietro Bracci.
Salvi's other remaining works are few: he rebuilt the Chiesa di Santa Maria a Gradi (Church of Santa Maria in Gradi)] (1738) in Viterbo, but it was destroyed by bombs in World War II and is currently being restored. He also created a chapel, believed to be the most expensive ever created, for Igreja de São Roque Jesuit church in Lisbon, Portugal, along with Luigi Vanvitelli, and a tabernacle for the abbey of Monte Cassino.
References
A. Schiavo, The Trevi Fountain and other works of Nicola Salvi, Rome 1956
P. Portuguese, Nicola Salvi, in Baroque Rome, Rome 1973
E. Kieven, Nicola Salvi and Luigi Vanvitelli at Rome, in 'Luigi Vanvitelli and his circle, edited by C. De Seta, Naples, 2000, p. 53-78
1697 births
1751 deaths
Artists from Rome
Italian Baroque architects |
5391818 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul%20Doty | Paul Doty | Paul Doty may refer to:
Paul Aaron Langevin Doty (1869–1937), American mechanical engineer
Paul M. Doty (1920–2011), American professor of biochemistry at Harvard University |
5391822 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edinburgh%20Annuale | Edinburgh Annuale | The Edinburgh Annuale is a visual art festival involving Edinburgh galleries and art projects, especially ones that promote local activity in the visual arts. The Edinburgh Annuale exists to promote grassroots visual arts operations in the city.
The Annuale is co-ordinated by Edinburgh Artist Run Initiative The Embassy with a programme including publication launches, live events and exhibitions. The first Edinburgh Annuale took place in August 2004 and included exhibitions at The Embassy, Wuthering Heights, Magnifitat, The Forest Cafe and Aurora Projects. The festival has grown to include many more events and exhibitions and has some financial support from the Scottish Arts Council amongst others.
See also
Fest Magazine - Free guide to the Edinburgh Festivals
Other art festivals in Scotland
Edinburgh Art Festival
Big in Falkirk
External links
Edinburgh Annuale site
Recurring events established in 2004
Edinburgh Festival
Arts festivals in Scotland
2004 establishments in Scotland |
5391832 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proceedings%20in%20Courts%20of%20Justice%20Act%201730 | Proceedings in Courts of Justice Act 1730 | The Proceedings in Courts of Justice Act 1730 (4 Geo II. c. 26) was an Act of the Parliament of Great Britain which made English (instead of Law French and Latin) the obligatory language for use in the courts of England and in the court of exchequer in Scotland. The Act followed a medieval law from 1362 (the Pleading in English Act 1362), which had made it permissible to debate cases in English, but all written records had continued to be in Latin. It was amended shortly later to extend it to the courts in Wales, and to exempt from its provisions the "court of the receipt of his Majesty's exchequer" in England. It never applied to cases heard overseas in the court of admiralty.
A similar act was passed on 22 November 1650 by the Rump Parliament during the Commonwealth of England: Act for turning the Books of the Law and all Process and Proceedings in Courts of Justice into the English Tongue.
The Act was introduced by the then Lord Chancellor, Lord King, and came into force on 25 March 1733. It was repealed by the Civil Procedure Acts Repeal Act 1879.
A similar Act was passed by the Parliament of Ireland in 1737, the Administration of Justice (Language) Act (Ireland) 1737.
See also
Ordinance of Villers-Cotterêts, French law mandating legal use of French, rather than Latin
Notes
External links
Text of Act
Great Britain Acts of Parliament 1730
Language policy in the United Kingdom
English law
Scots law |
5391849 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jos%C3%A9%20Luis%20Paris | José Luis Paris | José Luis Paris, better known as Don José (Ferrol, 1936–2003) was a Spanish musician, and singer who from the 1970s lived in London.
Trío “Zafiro”
He was one of the three members of the Spanish Trio Romantico 'Trio Zafiro' and travelled the world extensively, ending up in London with a residence in the Embassy Club. Trio Zafiro also starred in many TV appearances and performed in a movie called Pasa La Tuna. Jose also spent a brief time with a European-based Latin American trio called Los Andinos and travelled the world as a support act for Dorothy Squires.
Don Jose
In the early 1970s, he left the group to form a Latin American Duo with Pedro Abalenda called 'Don Jose & Don Pedro'. They were signed to the Decca Label and produced an album called Don Pedro & Don Jose while maintaining a residency at London's Concordia Notte restaurant, W2. They also performed the Misa Criolla live on Welsh TV. Don Pedro then went back to Spain and a new singer from Costa Rica was introduced called Enzo Fernando. They Recorded an album called 'A Night out at the Concordia Notte' on the Sun Records Label and were then signed to EMI and produced 4 singles, 'San Jose', 'Mr Guitarista', 'Welcome to my Heart' and 'Lola From Barcelona'.
He carried on his professional career until his death recording a number of other releases and appearing on 3-2-1 with Ted Rogers (comedian) and many times on BBC radio 2. He appeared many times live all over the world and on British TV in the 1970s and 1980s and many radio appearances to credit as well.
Recordings
His recording career started in the 1950s with Los Zafiros who produced 4 albums and toured worldwide. His solo recordings include:
Don Jose and Don Pedro (1970),
Don Jose and Enzo Fernando A Night Out at the Concordia Notte (recorded in a studio with double bassist Brian Brocklehurst, Moonshine 1977),
San Jose (1978),
Lola from Barcelona (1978),
Don José Flamenco Fiesta with Tupac and his son Jason Paris (1992).
His most popular and frequently covered piece is 'Chamorro (song)' a song about a church on a mountainside just outside his hometown where it is said a miracle took place.
Don Jose was a water rat and a member of the Vaudeville Golfing Society of which he was Captain in 2002.
References
1936 births
2003 deaths |
5391857 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/State%20Council%20of%20Educational%20Research%20and%20Training%2C%20Kerala | State Council of Educational Research and Training, Kerala | The State Council of Educational Research and Training (SCERT), Kerala is a board of school education in India, conducted by the government of the state of Kerala, India. The board prepares the syllabus and evaluation for schools affiliated with it.
Structure
The structure is divided into
kindergarten (Lkg and UKG)
LP (lower primary, classes/standard 1–4)
UP (upper primary, classes/standard 5–7)
(H.S) High School(classes/standard 8–10)
HigherSecondary (+1 equals 11th class/standard and +2 equals 12th class/standard)
Usually, the whole system of KG, LP, UP and HS are collectively referred as High School. Students completing this complete course (12 years including KGs, which is optional* and otherwise 10 years of education) will be awarded with School Leaving Certificate, abbreviated as SSLC. Based on the results in SSLC, students are enrolled into Higher Secondary Education (HSE) which was previously known as pre-degree and was conducted in colleges.
Now, HSE is integrated to the school system and most educational institutions now offer classes from LKG to +2. Higher secondary offers a wide range of subjects according to the candidate's preference. After completing +2, students are awarded with a HSE certificate which is a passport to degree and similar courses.
History
The importance and antiquity of education in Kerala is underscored by the state's ranking as among the most literate in the country. The local dynastic precursors of modern-day Kerala made significant contributions to the progress on education in Kerala. There were many sabha mathams that imparted Vedic knowledge. Apart from kalaris, which taught martial arts, there were village schools run by Ezhuthachans or Asans. The history of western education in Kerala can be traced to Christian missionaries who set up a number of schools and colleges. These institutions played significant roles in shaping the course of education in Kerala.
Kerala's achievements in social development and quality of life have improved over time. Kerala has achieved a human development index (HDI) comparable to developed countries. Prof. Amartya Sen has attributed these achievements largely to the priority of high literacy among all Indian states and education.
Modern Education in Kerala started several decades back with the declaration of the Maharaja of Travancore in 1844 that "those trained in English School would be given preference in Public Services". Raja's Free School was established by government in 1834 to provide English education. In the erstwhile, Cochin State 33 Vernacular schools were established in 1818. English education was taken care of by Rev. Dawson, the English school in Mattancherry in 1818. Over time, more English Schools opened in Thrissur, Thrippunithura and Ernakulam. In 1868, the first batch was presented for the Matriculation examination.
The local dynastic precursors of modern-day Kerala sponsored sabha mathams that imparted Vedic knowledge. Apart from kalaris, which taught martial arts, there were village schools run by Ezhuthachans or Asans.
The Kerala School of Astronomy and Mathematics was a school founded by Madhava of Sangamagrama in Kerala, South India, which included among its members: Parameshvara, Neelakanta Somayaji, Jyeshtadeva, Achyuta Pisharati, Melpathur Narayana Bhattathiri and Achyuta Panikkar. The school flourished between the 14th and 16th centuries and the original discoveries of the school seems to have ended with Bhattathiri. In attempting to solve astronomical problems, the Kerala school independently created a number of important mathematics concepts. Their most important results-series expansion for trigonometric functions-were described in a Sanskrit verse in a book by Somayaji called Tantrasangraha, and again in a commentary called Tantrasangraha-vakhya, of unknown authorship. The theorems were stated without proof, but proofs for the series for sine, cosine, and inverse tangent were provided a century later in the work Yuktibhasa (c.1500-c.1610), written in Malayalam, by Jyesthadeva, and also in a commentary on Tantrasangraha. Their work, completed two centuries before the invention of calculus in Europe, provided what is now considered the first example of a power series (apart from geometric series). However, they did not formulate a systematic theory of differentiation and integration, nor is there any direct evidence of their results being transmitted outside Kerala.
Today
Schools and colleges are now largely run by the government, private trusts, or individuals. Each school is affiliated with either the Indian Certificate of Secondary Education (ICSE), the Central Board for Secondary Education (CBSE), or the Kerala State Education Board. English is the language of instruction in most private schools, while government run schools offer English or Malayalam as the medium of instruction. After 10 years of secondary schooling, students typically enroll at Higher Secondary School in one of the three streams-liberal arts, business or science. Upon completing the required coursework, students can enroll in general or professional degree programmes. Kerala topped the Education Development Index (EDI) among 21 major states in India in 2006–2007. EDI is calculated using indicators such as access, infrastructure, teachers and outcome.
Thirunanthapuram, one of the state's major academic hubs, hosts the University of Kerala and several professional education colleges, including 15 engineering colleges, three medical colleges, three Ayurveda colleges, two colleges of homeopathy, six other medical colleges, and several law colleges. Trivandrum Medical College, Kerala's premier health institute is being upgraded to the status of an All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS). The College of Engineering in Trivandrum is one of the prominent engineering institutions in the state. The Asian School of Business and IIITM-K are two of the other premier management study institutions in the city, both situated inside Technopark. The Indian Institute of Space Science and Technology, first of its kind in India, is situated in the state capital.
Kochi is another major educational hub. The Cochin University of Science and Technology, also known as "Cochin University", is situated in a suburb of the city. Most of the city's colleges offering tertiary education are affiliated to the Mahatma Gandhi University.
Other national educational institutes in Kochi suburb include the Central Institute of Fisheries Nautical and Engineering Training, National University of Advanced Legal Studies, National Institute of Oceanography, Central Institute of Fisheries Technology, and Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute. The only College of Fisheries in the State is situated at Panangad, a suburban area of the city. The College comes under the Kerala Agricultural University.
The district of Thrissur holds some premier institutions in Kerala. Kerala Agricultural University is located in Thrissur. The Thrissur Medical College, The Government Engineering College, Govt. Law College, Ayurveda College, Govt. Fine Arts College, College of Co-operation & Banking and Management, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, College of Horticulture, College of Forestry, etc. are situated in Thrissur. Thrissur is also a main center of coaching for the entrance examinations for engineering and medicine.
Kottayam also acts as a main educational hub. According to the 1991 census, Kottayam District of Kerala is the first district to achieve full literacy rate in the whole of India. Mahatma Gandhi University, CMS College (the first institution to start English education in Southern India), Medical College, and the Labour India Educational Research Center are also located in Kottayam
.
Kozhikode is home to two of the premier educational institutions in the country; the Indian Institute of Management Kozhikode, one of the seven Indian Institutes of Management, and the premier National Institute of Technology Calicut, Calicut Medical College, the second medical college in Kerala is affiliated with the University of Calicut and serves 2/5 of the population of Kerala. Government Law College, situated in outskirts of Kozhikode, is owned by the Government of Kerala and caters to the needs of the north Malabar region of Kerala. Pothanicad, a village in the Ernakulam district, is the first panchayath in India that achieved 100% literacy.
References
External links
Kerala Education Department Official Website
DHSE Kerala Official Website
Kerala Preeksha Bhavan
Education in Kerala
State agencies of Kerala
Kerala
Educational institutions in India with year of establishment missing |
5391863 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vit%20Klemes | Vit Klemes | Vit Klemes (30 April 1932 – 8 March 2010) was a Canadian hydrologist of Czech origin. He received a Civil Engineering degree (Ing) from the Brno University of Technology (Moravia), a CSc degree (a local equivalent of PhD) in hydrology and water resources from the Slovak Technical University in Bratislava (Slovakia) and a DrSc degree from the Czech Technical University in Prague (Bohemia).
Following the Soviet-led invasion of Czechoslovakia, Klemes and his family came to Canada in September 1968. There he obtained a position of associate professor at the University of Toronto, first in the Department of Mechanical Engineering and later in the Institute of Environmental Sciences and Engineering. In 1972 he was appointed research hydrologist at the National Hydrology Research Institute of Environment Canada, a position he held for 17 years; after the institute's move from Ottawa to Saskatoon, he also served as its chief scientist. From 1990 to 1999 he was a water resources consultant in Victoria, British Columbia where he continued to live after his retirement until his death.
During his career Klemes has authored about 150 scientific and technical publications, lectured extensively on all five continents, was visiting professor at the California Institute of Technology (Caltech), the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH) in Zurich, Monash University in Melbourne, Agricultural University (BOKU) in Vienna, the University of Karlsruhe, and in 1994 was appointed Invited Professor at Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique of Universite du Quebec.
In 1987 he was elected President of the International Association of Hydrological Sciences (IAHS) and his work has been recognized by a number of awards; among other, he received a Gold Medal from the Slovak Academy of Sciences (1993), the International Hydrology Prize from the IAHS (1994), the Ray K. Linsley Award from the American Institute of Hydrology (1995) and the Ven Te Chow Award from the American Society of Civil Engineering (1998)
Publications
Common Sense and other Heresies - Selected Papers on Hydrology and Water Resources Engineering by Vít Klemeš, ed. by C. David Sellars (2000)
An Imperfect Fit - Advanced democracy and human nature by Vit Klemeš (2004)
References
Šútor, J. (2002): Anniversary of Vít Klemeš. J. Hydrol. Hydromech., Vol. 50, No. 1, 67-70.
Svoboda, A. (2007): Again an anniversary of Vít Klemeš. J. Hydrol. Hydromech., Vol. 55, No. 2, 142-144.
Notice of Vít Klemeš' death
Koutsoyiannis, D. (2011): Vít Klemeš (1932-2010). The Reference Frame, recollection
1932 births
2010 deaths
Canadian people of Czech descent
Czechoslovak emigrants to Canada
Canadian hydrologists
People from Victoria, British Columbia
Czech Technical University in Prague alumni
Engineers from British Columbia
Scientists from British Columbia
Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava alumni |
5391867 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%B4tomo%20Island | Kôtomo Island | Kôtomo Island is a small island off the Isle of Pines, New Caledonia. It is also spelled as Koutomo, Kutomo, Koutoumo, or Kutumo.
Important Bird Area
A 440 ha tract encompassing the southern part of the island has been recognised as an Important Bird Area (IBA) by BirdLife International because it supports a breeding colony of some 38,000 pairs of wedge-tailed shearwaters.
References
External links
Map of the Isle of Pines, Kôtomo Island, and other islets
Islands of New Caledonia
Important Bird Areas of New Caledonia
Seabird colonies |
5391903 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dithioerythritol | Dithioerythritol | Dithioerythritol (DTE) is a sulfur containing sugar derived from the corresponding 4-carbon monosaccharide erythrose. It is an epimer of dithiothreitol (DTT). The molecular formula for DTE is C4H10O2S2.
Like DTT, DTE makes an excellent reducing agent, although its standard reduction potential is not quite as negative, i.e., DTE is slightly less effective at reducing than DTT. This is presumably because the orientation of the OH groups in its cyclic disulfide-bonded form (oxidized form) is less stable due to greater steric repulsion than their orientation in the disulfide-bonded form of DTT. In the disulfide-bonded form of DTT, these hydroxyl groups are trans to each other, whereas they are cis to each other in DTE.
References
External links
Thiols
Vicinal diols |
5391919 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rachel%20Lowe | Rachel Lowe | Rachel Tanya Lowe MBE (born August, 1977) is a British serial entrepreneur and board games developer. She is best known for developing the Destination series of games, including editions for Toy Story, the London 2012 Olympic Games and Downton Abbey.
She is the founder of Rachel Lowe Games & Puzzles, a company that creates board games under license for brands such as The Elf on the Shelf and Call the Midwife.
Early life and education
Lowe graduated from the University of Portsmouth with a degree in Law and Business. While studying, she brought up her two young children and worked part time as a taxi driver.
Career
Destination board games
In 2003, Lowe founded board games designer and publisher RTL Games. She got the idea for her first board game, Destination Portsmouth, while working as a taxi driver. She self-funded production of the board game by selling sponsorships to local businesses.
In 2004, she appeared on the BBC television show Dragons’ Den in the UK.
In the same year, Lowe developed a London version of the game, Destination London. She launched it in toy retailer Hamleys, and it went on to become the store's best-selling board game that year, outselling Monopoly and Twister. Lowe went on to produce versions of the game under license for Toy Story, Finding Nemo, Monsters Inc and The Incredibles. She has launched over 30 versions of the series.
In 2008, Lowe secured a deal with Warner Bros to produce a Harry Potter-themed board game, Destination Hogwarts, to coincide with the release of Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince. Delays to the release of the film meant that her company missed the Christmas sales period and the bank's refusal to offer a bridging loan led to the closure of RTL Games in 2009, with Lowe's company being featured in a BBC Panorama documentary, Banks Behaving Badly.
In 2010, Lowe relaunched the Destination board game series with entrepreneur Simon Dolan. The Harry Potter-themed version of the game launched at the London Film Museum in 2011.
Lowe was awarded a license to develop official Olympics-themed board games in 2012. She launched Destination London 2012, and Destination London 2012 Sports, a junior edition of the board game. Lowe also launched Destination Downton Abbey, as well as the Downton Abbey Compendium of Parlour Games and Playing Cards.
In 2014, she appeared on the panel for an episode of BBC's The Apprentice: Your Fired for the candidates’ board game challenge.
She Who Dares
In 2010, Lowe founded lifestyle brand She Who Dares UK. The company produced perfume, jewellery and accessories for women.
The company later launched its own fragrances, Eminence and Dalliance, and signed a deal to produce Swarovski fashion accessories. The company's fragrances were sold in Jarrold.
Lowe resigned as a director of She Who Dares in July 2017.
Rachel Lowe Games & Puzzles
In 2017, Lowe founded Rachel Lowe Games and Puzzles, which creates and sells licensed board games, jigsaw puzzles and card games. The company has created products under license for Hotel Transylvania, Call the Midwife, Mr Bean, Friday Night Dinner, Laurel and Hardy and WWE.
In 2017, Lowe released a board game for the Jumanji film series, which became a top seller on Amazon and won Product of the Year at the Toy Industry Awards in 2019.
In 2019, Lowe launched the WWE: Road to WrestleMania board game, along with a puzzle and playing cards. In the same year, her company was awarded a licence to launch the official Elf on the Shelf Board Game, which launched in December 2020.
Rachel Lowe Games & Puzzles was one of the official licensing partners to develop and launch a range of official Beano puzzles and games to celebrate the 70th anniversary of Dennis the Menace.
Other activity
Lowe is an Entrepreneur in Residence at the University of Portsmouth, where she advises students, alumni and staff on the launch or growth of their businesses.
She serves as a Governor at Portsmouth College, where she sits on Audit and Student Health and Wellbeing committees.
Recognition
In 2006, Lowe was the winner of the NatWest everywoman Award, which celebrates female entrepreneurial success.
She was appointed Member of the Order of the British Empire in 2009 for her services to business in promoting enterprise in schools, colleges, and universities.
References
External links
Official site
1977 births
Living people
Alumni of the University of Portsmouth
Board game designers
Members of the Order of the British Empire
British taxi drivers |
5391937 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A%20Decade%20of%20Hits%201969%E2%80%931979 | A Decade of Hits 1969–1979 | A Decade of Hits 1969–1979 is a compilation album of the Allman Brothers Band, released in 1991. The album features songs released on The Allman Brothers Band, Idlewild South, At Fillmore East, Eat a Peach, Brothers and Sisters, and Enlightened Rogues. It is the band's best-selling album in the U.S., being certified double platinum by the RIAA in 1997.
Track listing
"Statesboro Blues" (Live) (Blind Willie McTell) – 4:20
"Ramblin' Man" (Dickey Betts) – 4:49
"Midnight Rider" (Gregg Allman, Robert Payne) – 2:59
"Southbound" (Dickey Betts) – 5:10
"Melissa" (Gregg Allman, Steve Alaimo) – 3:56
"Jessica" (Dickey Betts) – 7:30
"Ain't Wastin' Time No More" (Gregg Allman) – 3:40
"Little Martha" (Duane Allman) – 2:10
"Crazy Love" (Dickey Betts) – 3:44
"Revival" (Dickey Betts) – 4:03
"Wasted Words" (Gregg Allman) – 4:20
"Blue Sky" (Dickey Betts) – 5:10
"One Way Out" (Live) (Elmore James, Marshall Sehorn, Sonny Boy Williamson II) – 4:58
"In Memory of Elizabeth Reed" (Dickey Betts) – 6:57
"Dreams" (Gregg Allman) – 7:19
"Whipping Post" (Gregg Allman) – 5:17
Track 1 from At Fillmore East (1971), recorded live 3/1971 at the Fillmore East in New York, NY
Tracks 2, 4, 6 and 11 from Brothers and Sisters (1973)
Tracks 3, 10, 14 from Idlewild South (1970)
Tracks 5, 7–8, 12–13 from Eat a Peach (1972), track 13 recorded live 6/27/1971 at the Fillmore East in New York, NY
Track 9 from Enlightened Rogues (1979)
Track 15–16 from The Allman Brothers Band (1969)
Notes
The Allman Brothers Band compilation albums
1991 greatest hits albums
Albums produced by Tom Dowd
Polydor Records compilation albums |
5391943 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caught%20in%20the%20Draft | Caught in the Draft | Caught in the Draft is a 1941 comedy/war film with Bob Hope directed by David Butler.
Plot
Famous Hollywood actor Don Bolton (Hope) is a vain movie star whose biggest fear is to be drafted into the US Army. He definitely lacks the qualities of a good soldier; he is so terrified of loud noise, he cannot cope with hearing a single 'gunshot' when he is on set shooting a war film. There is great doubt that he could last even a day in the service.
Colonel Peter Fairbanks (Clarence Kolb) visits the studio set as a consultant for the war film, and with him he has brought his beautiful daughter Antoinette, known as "Tony" (Dorothy Lamour). Don is smitten by Tony, and also realizes that his ticket out of the Army is to marry the colonel's daughter to avoid the draft.
Don manages to gravely insult the colonel when he mistakes him for an actor and treats him disrespectfully. Even so, Don manages to go on a date with Tony, and even proposes to her before hearing on the radio that the draft age eligibility ends at age 31. As Don is 32 he retracts his proposal; Tony deduces his angle and is disgusted with him and cowardly behavior.
A few weeks later, Don realizes he truly is in love with Tony. He wants to impress her, so he decides to pretend to join the Army, using an actor as a fake enlistment officer. But at the draft centre the actor does not have the anticipated opportunity to replace the real officer, therefore Don, his assistant Bert (Eddie Bracken), and his manager Steve (Lynne Overman), all get enlisted for real. They are taken to a training camp, where Fairbanks is in charge. Fairbanks tells Don that if he can make it up to corporal rank, he gets to marry Tony. At first, this proves to be more than Don and his unfortunate brothers in arms can handle. As punishment for their shortcomings, they are frequently on kitchen duty. Tony eventually falls in love with Don. When Don and his two companions are sent to a distant post during a camp war game, Bert comes up with the idea to help their team by altering the signposts in the field. The result is disastrous, as the men on the opposing team are now following a route that will lead them into the artillery range, which is active. Don is forced to overcome his fear of noise (and death) to rescue Tony who, believing that Don is still too cowardly to go warn the men, sets out on horseback to do that herself. He accomplishes the rescue and continues, with Steve, through the artillery bombardment to warn the men. Don sustains an arm wound.
After their success, the three are promoted to the rank of corporal and Don is free to marry Tony.
Cast
Bob Hope – Don Bolton
Dorothy Lamour – Antoinette 'Tony' Fairbanks
Lynne Overman – Steve Riggs
Eddie Bracken – Bert Sparks
Clarence Kolb – Col. Peter Fairbanks
Paul Hurst – Sgt. Burns
Ferike Boros – Yetta
Phyllis Ruth – Margie
Irving Bacon – Cogswell
Arthur Loft – Movie director
Edgar Dearing – Recruiting sergeant
Reception
The film was a big hit and became Paramount's second most successful release of 1941 after Louisiana Purchase.
References
External links
1941 films
American World War II films
American black-and-white films
Films scored by Victor Young
Films directed by David Butler
1940s war comedy films
Military humor in film
Paramount Pictures films
Films about the United States Army
American war comedy films
1941 comedy films
1940s American films |
5391952 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Off%20the%20Map%20%28video%29 | Off the Map (video) | Off the Map is a VHS and DVD released by the American alternative rock band Red Hot Chili Peppers in 2001, two years following the release of their seventh studio album, Californication. The video runs as a full concert but is edited to include parts from various concerts from the band's 2000s North American tour.
While being the first official live release from the band, it also is their only full live CD/DVD to have live performances of songs from the albums Freaky Styley, Uplift Mofo Party Plan or One Hot Minute.
During "Me and My Friends", Foo Fighters members Dave Grohl and Taylor Hawkins prank Chad Smith as revenge for Smith's pranks prior to the show, causing the band to screw up at the end.
In 2003, Off the Map was certified platinum in Australia. In 2008, it was certified Gold in United States. The material was also certified Gold in Brazil and United Kingdom.
Track listing
Opening
"Around the World"
"Give It Away"
"Usually Just a T-Shirt #3"
"Scar Tissue"
"Suck My Kiss"
"If You Have to Ask"
"Subterranean Homesick Blues"
"Otherside"
"Blackeyed Blonde"
"Pea"
"Blood Sugar Sex Magik"
"Easily"
"What Is Soul?"
(The Jam)
"Fire"
"Californication"
"Right on Time"
"Under the Bridge"
"Me and My Friends"
Bonus footage
Pre-show backstage footage
Interview footage
Additional live footage:
"Skinny Sweaty Man"
"I Could Have Lied"
"Parallel Universe"
"Sir Psycho Sexy"
"Search and Destroy"
Certifications
References
Red Hot Chili Peppers video albums
2001 video albums
2001 live albums
Live video albums
Warner Records live albums
Warner Records video albums |
5391953 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spathobatis | Spathobatis | Spathobatis (from , 'blade' and 'ray') is an extinct genus of ray from the Jurassic period of Europe.
Spathobatis had a body similar to that of a modern guitarfish, being highly flattened and widened, specializing the creature for a life on the ocean floor. Although it is one of the earliest known fossil rays, it already resembled modern forms in a number of ways. Like them, its eyes and spiracles were located atop the head, its mouth and gill slits were positioned on the underside of the body, and it had greatly expanded pectoral fins for swimming.
Distinctive features of Spathobatis included flattened teeth, suitable for eating shellfish, and an elongated snout that was presumably used to probe for food on the muddy sea floor.
References
Prehistoric cartilaginous fish genera
Jurassic cartilaginous fish
Jurassic fish of Europe
Rajiformes |
5391955 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chittenden-3-6%20Vermont%20Representative%20District%2C%202002%E2%80%932012 | Chittenden-3-6 Vermont Representative District, 2002–2012 | The Chittenden-3-6 Representative District is a two-member state Representative district in the U.S. state of Vermont. It is one of the 108 one or two member districts into which the state was divided by the redistricting and reapportionment plan developed by the Vermont General Assembly following the 2000 U.S. Census. The plan applies to legislatures elected in 2002, 2004, 2006, 2008, and 2010. A new plan will be developed in 2012 following the 2010 U.S. Census.
The Chittenden-3-6 District includes all of the Chittenden County city of Winooski, and a section of the city of Burlington defined as follows:
The rest of Burlington is in Chittenden-3-1, Chittenden-3-2, Chittenden-3-3, Chittenden-3-4 and Chittenden-3-5.
As of the 2000 census, the state as a whole had a population of 608,827. As there are a total of 150 representatives, there were 4,059 residents per representative (or 8,118 residents per two representatives). The two member Chittenden-3-6 District had a population of 8,174 in that same census, 0.69% above the state average.
District Representatives
Kenneth W. Atkins, Democrat
Clem Bissonnette, Democrat
See also
Members of the Vermont House of Representatives, 2005-2006 session
Vermont Representative Districts, 2002-2012
External links
Detail map of the Chittenden-3-1 through Chittenden-3-10 districts (PDF)
Vermont Statute defining legislative districts
Vermont House districts -- Statistics (PDF)
Vermont House of Representatives districts, 2002–2012
Burlington, Vermont
Winooski, Vermont |
5391957 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20mountains%20in%20Serbia | List of mountains in Serbia | Serbia is mountainous, with complex geology and parts of several mountain ranges: Dinaric Alps in the southwest, the northwestern corner of the Rila-Rhodope Mountains in the southeast of the country, Carpathian Mountains in the northeast, and Balkan Mountains and the easternmost section of Srednogorie mountain chain system in the east, separated by a group of dome mountains along the Morava river valley. The northern province of Vojvodina lies in the Pannonian plain, with several Pannonian island mountains. Mountains of Kosovo are listed in a separate article.
List
This is the list of mountains and their highest peaks in Serbia, excluding Kosovo. When a mountain has several major peaks, they are listed separately.
Peaks over 2,000 meters
The following lists only those mountain peaks which reach over 2,000 meters in height.
Notes
References
See also
Geography of Serbia
List of rivers in Serbia
List of lakes in Serbia
List of hills in Belgrade
Dinaric Alps
External links
Staze i Bogaze – A Guide Through Mountains of Balkans
Mountains in Serbia
Serbia
Mountains
Serbia |
5391960 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Post-Crescent | The Post-Crescent | The Post-Crescent is a daily newspaper based in Appleton, Wisconsin. Part of the Gannett chain of newspapers, it is primarily distributed in numerous counties surrounding the Appleton/Fox Cities area.
History
The Appleton Crescent was formed in 1853 as a weekly newspaper, the same year that Appleton became a village. The Crescent was a determinedly Democratic newspaper, created by Samuel, James and John Ryan.
Edna Ferber, later a famed writer and Pulitzer Prize-winning novelist, became a reporter at the Appleton Crescent at the age of 17 and worked there for about 18 months, approximately 1902-1903.
The Crescents Jacksonian Democratic politics upset Republicans, and a second newspaper, The Appleton Motor, was formed by F.C. Meade on August 18, 1859. Meade was soon joined by Ryan's brother Francis.
While the two newspapers were bitter rivals, they did cooperate at times. When the Crescent suffered serious damage in 1863 from apparent arson, the Motor ran an article condemning the act. The Motor changed its name to The Appleton Post in 1887 after changing hands several times. The Posts buildings were damaged that year, and donations from the Crescent kept the paper open.The Appleton Post-Crescent was formed when the Post and the Crescent merged on February 2, 1920. The first paper was published on February 10, 1920. Editors decided to not align with either political party.
The Appleton Post-Crescent decided to purchase the Twin City News-Record, which had been formed when the Menasha Record and the Neenah News Times merged in 1949. The "Appleton" portion of the name was removed in 1964 to reflect that the newspaper reached farther than the city limits.
Publisher V.I. Minahan coined the term "the Fox Cities" in 1953, which is now a common term to describe the metropolitan Appleton area.
Ownership
Post Publishing owned the newspaper from 1920 until it was purchased by Gillett Communications on August 1, 1984, and was also a former owner of WLUK (Channel 11) in Green Bay, Wisconsin, Marquette, Michigan's WLUC (Channel 6), WEAU (Channel 13) in Eau Claire, and Rochester, New York's WOKR (Channel 13). Gillett sold the newspaper four months later to Thomson Newspapers, while the television stations were sold to various parties. Thomson owned the paper until it was sold to Gannett on July 21, 2000.
In January 2018, Gannett announced plans to move the Post-Crescents printing operation from Appleton to Gannett's facility in Milwaukee. In May 2022, Gannett shifted the printing of the Post-Crescent and all the chain's Wisconsin newspapers to Peoria, Illinois.
Circulation
The circulation at the 1920 merger was 7,000. It grew to 40,000 by 1960 (when Appleton's population was 48,000). The circulation in 2003 was 53,600 on weekdays, more than 61,000 on Saturdays and nearly 70,000 on Sundays.
Notable journalists
Mary Agria
Edna Ferber (Appleton Daily Crescent)
References
External links
Official website
Official mobile website
Newspapers published in Wisconsin
Appleton, Wisconsin
Gannett publications
Newspapers established in 1853
1853 establishments in Wisconsin |
5391961 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Danilo%20Golubovi%C4%87 | Danilo Golubović | Danilo Golubović (born 21 October 1963) was the Deputy Minister in the Serbian Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Water Management.
References
1963 births
Living people
Government ministers of Serbia |
5391969 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Princes%20Park%20%28stadium%29 | Princes Park (stadium) | Princes Park (or Carlton Recreation Ground, currently known by its sponsored name Ikon Park) is an Australian rules football ground located inside the wider Princes Park in the inner Melbourne suburb of Carlton North. It is a historic venue, having been the home ground of the Carlton Football Club since 1897.
Prior to a partial redevelopment the ground had a nominal capacity of 35,000, making it the third largest Australian rules football venue in Melbourne after the Melbourne Cricket Ground and Docklands Stadium. Princes Park hosted three grand finals during World War II, with a record attendance of 62,986 at the 1945 VFL Grand Final between Carlton and . After 2005, when the ground hosted its last Australian Football League (AFL) game, two stands were removed and replaced with an indoor training facility and administration building, reducing the capacity. Austadiums lists the current capacity of the stadium at around 21,176.
History
Princes Park was first used in 1897 by the Carlton Football Club, during the inaugural season of the VFL/AFL. The club went on to win 673 of its 962 VFL/AFL games at the venue. The Alderman Gardiner Stand was designed in 1903 and completed in stages between 1909 and 1913, as a mostly iron stand with original cast iron columns still in place. The Robert Heatley Stand was officially opened by Alderman Sir William Brunton on Saturday, 7 May 1932.
During World War II, Princes Park hosted three VFL grand finals – in 1942, 1943, and 1945. (The 1944 match was played at the Junction Oval.) The 1945 grand final, between Carlton and , attracted a record crowd of 62,986. Three weeks earlier, the semi-final between Carlton and had attracted 54,846 people. Those were the only two crowds of over 50,000 in the venue's history. The record home-and-away (i.e., non-finals) crowd was set in 1963, when 47,514 attended a match between Carlton and Geelong.
In 1952, Princes Park was originally selected to be the main stadium for the 1956 Melbourne Olympics, which would have resulted in a major redevelopment to accommodate up to 100,000 spectators. It was also expected that VFL finals would be transferred to the ground after the upgrade. However, in early 1953, the Olympic Organising Committee changed its decision, instead redeveloping the Melbourne Cricket Ground for the Olympics.
Princes Park was the venue for the second Ashes test of the 1992 Great Britain Lions tour, in which the visitors defeated Australia 33–10. In 1994, the Balmain Tigers played two New South Wales Rugby League premiership games at Princes Park. Work on the Legends Stand began in 1995 and was completed for opening on 25 April 1997. The roof, with its curved modern structure, ensured that the oval was now enclosed with a roof all the way around its circumference.
In 2005, it was decided to discontinue the use of the ground for AFL home and away games. A farewell AFL game was played at Princes Park on Saturday 21 May 2005. The game was contested between Carlton and Melbourne. It was the last of the suburban grounds in Melbourne to be used in the AFL. The result was an 18-point win to Melbourne. Also in the same year, the ground hosted matches from the Australian Football Multicultural Cup as well as finals for the 2005 Australian Football International Cup.
In January 2006, Graham Smorgon, then-president of the Carlton Football Club, announced a redevelopment proposal involving the demolition of most of the stands, returning much of the ground to parkland and the establishment of club training facilities and community centre. On 7 June 2006 it was announced that the stadium would receive a redevelopment to provide the Carlton with elite training and administration facilities. The proposed redevelopment incorporated a gymnasium, weights and stretch areas, a 4-lane, 25-metre indoor heated pool, medical offices and rehabilitation/treatment spaces, football administration offices, lecture theatre and meeting rooms and additional changing room facilities.
Women's football and upgrades
The inaugural match of the AFL Women's competition was held at the ground in February 2017. The game, featuring Carlton and Collingwood, attracted a capacity crowd of 24,568. The venue hosted the 2018 AFL Women's Grand Final. The success of the AFL Women's competition resulted in both state and federal governments allocating funding towards enhancement of the stadium's facilities, to enable it to become the home of women's football in Victoria. The Victorian Government committed $20 million in April 2018 to cater for the growth of women's football, which was followed the next year by $15 million from the Federal Government. The joint funding allows the venue to host a high performance women's training facility, with an upgraded oval, women's coaching education hub, sports injury prevention and research centre and allied health centre. Construction of the upgrades commenced in January 2021. The training and administration building was refurbished, the Pratt Stand was demolished to make way for a match-day pavilion containing changing-rooms, high-performance areas, an indoor training field measuring 25m x 50m, broadcast-quality lighting, expanded retail facilities, a new café and function and events centre. The bulk of the redevelopment was completed in August 2022, with the match-day pavilion housing additional changerooms and function centre and event space completed the following month.
Transport
Public transport to the venue is primarily by tram along Royal Parade directly adjoining the ground, or along Lygon St 700m east of the ground. It was served by North Carlton railway station, 700m north of the ground, until that station's closure in 1948; and by Royal Park railway station 1.1 km to the west thereafter.
Naming rights
The ground became known as Optus Oval in November 1993 due to a naming rights deal with telecommunications company Optus. In April 2006, it was announced that the naming rights for the stadium had once again been awarded, this time for a two-year term, during which the stadium was known as MC Labour Park. It was later re-named Visy Park. Since 2015, the ground has been commercially been known as Ikon Park.
Tenants
Australian rules football
Tenants of the ground for VFL/AFL home matches have been:
: the ground was Carlton's primary home ground continuously from 1897 until 2004, except in 2002 when it played only four games at the ground. A single farewell match was also played at the venue in 2005. The ground has been Carlton's training, social and administrative base continuously since 1897, remaining as such after the club stopped playing games there, and the club presently holds a 40-year lease on the venue which runs until 2035.
: used the ground as its home during 1942 and 1943, owing to its usual home ground at Lake Oval being used for military purposes during World War II.
: shared the ground with Carlton from 1967 until 1969 following its departure from the Brunswick Street Oval.
: following its departure from Glenferrie Oval, Hawthorn used the ground as its primary home ground for sixteen years from 1974 until 1989. Then from 1990 until 1991, the club split its home games approximately evenly between Princes Park and Waverley Park, before moving permanently to Waverley Park in 1992.
: after leaving Junction Oval and Victoria Park, Fitzroy spent a second stint at Princes Park and shared the ground with Carlton, using it as its primary home ground from 1987 until 1993, before moving to Western Oval seeking better rental terms.
: after leaving Western Oval, used the ground as its primary home ground for three seasons from 1997 until 1999.
Neutral venue: following Fitzroy's departure in 1994, an existing arrangement between Carlton and the AFL still required eighteen matches to be played there during the year; consequently, Fitzroy and the MCG's four co-tenants (, , and ) were each forced to play one or two home games at Optus Oval to make up the balance, including Fitzroy's last home game in the AFL. The practice ended in 1997 when the Western Bulldogs moved their home games to the venue. A similar arrangement occurred in 2002, when Carlton played only four games at the ground, forcing six neutral games to be staged at the ground to meet the new contractual minimum of nine. The unpopular venture was dropped at the end of the year, as all of the home teams in these neutral games lost money due to poor crowds and, in many cases, conflicting sponsorship deals.
The ground has hosted VFA/VFL grand finals on and off from 1990 to 2007 and again from 2019. Carlton's reserves team plays its VFL matches at the ground; and from 2012 until the dissolution of their affiliation in 2020, the Northern Blues, Carlton's , split their home games between Princes Park and Preston City Oval. From 2007 until 2010, the ground was the home ground of the Collingwood reserves, which was ironic considering that Collingwood and Carlton are bitter rivals in the AFL. Carlton's senior team has continued to play some pre-season and practice matches at the ground since it stopped playing premiership matches there.
Carlton's AFL Women's (AFLW) team plays its matches at the venue, as have some other clubs for specific matches.
Other sports
The venue's most notable alternative use was as a cricket ground. The ground has hosted seven first-class cricket matches, including three Sheffield Shield games, and two List A matches. Until 2000, the ground was the home of the Carlton Cricket Club in the Victorian Premier/District Cricket competition; in 2000, the club moved to the No. 1 Oval in the wider Princes Park area to enable the football club unlimited access to the venue for year-round training.
The Balmain Tigers took two games away from their traditional home Leichhardt Oval to Princes Park in the 1994 Winfield Cup. The highest crowd Balmain got was 14,762 turning up to see the Brisbane Broncos beat Balmain 36–14 in round 7 with Steve Renouf scoring 4 tries.
Other sports, including soccer, boxing and rugby, have also been played there. The ground was also host to a production of the opera Aida.
From the 2006 NRL season onwards, Visy Park was also the administrative headquarters for the Melbourne Storm rugby league club. The club relocated to the temporary home while plans were being made for the construction of a new purpose-built rectangular stadium next to the then-current Melbourne Storm home ground, Olympic Park Stadium.
References
15. ^ http://www.austadiums.com/sport/event.php?eventid=19268
External links
"Around the Grounds" - Web Documentary - Princes Park
Defunct Australian Football League grounds
Victorian Football League grounds
Sports venues in Melbourne
Cricket grounds in Australia
Sports venues completed in 1897
Rugby league stadiums in Australia
1897 establishments in Australia
Melbourne Rebels
AFL Women's grounds |
5391974 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anime%20Punch%21 | Anime Punch! | Anime Punch was a Columbus, Ohio-based organization that hosts a number of events for fans of Japanese animation in the Central Ohio area. It originally began hosting an annual anime convention called Anime Punch, and subsequently branched out into hosting weekly social events, monthly lectures, and other regular events, in addition to three annual anime conventions. The convention ceased operations in September 2017, due to its con chair becoming a registered sex offender.
Armageddicon
The main event of Anime Punch!, Armageddicon focused exclusively on anime, eschewing the recent trend of conventions to attempt to cover anything and everything remotely related to Japan. Notably, Armageddicon also features a high density of educational, cultural and scholarly panels and workshops. During the 2008 convention, Anime Punch! Armageddicon became the first anime convention to adopt radio-frequency identification (RFID) in order to collect data about dealers' room entrances and panel attendance.
Event history
Revoluticon
Revoluticon was introduced for a debut in 2012 as a new line of events hosted by Anime Punch!. Whereas Armageddicon is entirely focused on anime with limited to no non-anime content, Revoluticon was billed as the anti-armageddicon. It is still aimed at anime fans, but only their tangential interests, with zero anime content. Covered subject matter includes video games, fantasy, science fiction, western animation, comic books, traditional Japanese culture, Japanese modern/pop culture, and cosplay.
Event History
Fieldcon
Fieldcon is another line of conventions that since 2006 has been hosted by Anime Punch! It takes place entirely outdoors without access to electricity, running water, or the internet. Its remote location in the AEP ReCreation Lands near The Wilds takes it far from most people, and even cellphone reception. Attendance is small, and events are informal.
Event history
References
External links
Ohio State University
Defunct anime conventions
Culture of Columbus, Ohio
Conventions in Ohio |
5391976 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regularity%20rally | Regularity rally | A regularity rally, also called time-speed-distance or TSD rally, is a type of motorsport rally with the object of driving each segment of a course in a specified time at a specified average speed. The rally is usually conducted on public roads, but sometimes includes off-road and track sections. Contestants usually compete in teams composed of an amateur driver and navigator. Teams usually start a regularity rally at fixed intervals, creating a field that is spread along the course.
Origins
Regularity rallying shares its origins with most types of rallying. Unlike the well-known 'special stage rallying' (which is commonly just called rallying), regularity rallying does not depend on the abilities of the driver at high-speed nor does it depend on the speed that the vehicle can achieve. For this reason, ordinary motor vehicles can be used. (Regularity rallies are commonly held for classic or even vintage cars, see below.) Regularity rallying, therefore, is a far less expensive sport and can be enjoyed by a far greater spectrum of people. With the commercialisation and increasing competitiveness of special stage rallying, many people have been financially excluded from the sport and have therefore created many cheaper alternatives. The closest motor sport to regularity rallying is road rallying. Unlike a road rally, a regularity rally focuses somewhat more on the maintenance of precise speeds and times rather than on navigation. Navigation does, however, still play an important role in regularity rallying.
Characteristics
A typical regularity rally may run for a few hours or it may run over a series of stages over a few days.
At the start, competitors are usually briefed about the event and may be required to submit their cars for inspection. Each team is given a route schedule prior to departure. This schedule contains information that the navigator will use to try to keep to the specified route and it contains information about the designated speeds and times for each segment of the route. On some rallies, more than one type of schedule may be prepared for different types of competitors.
Once a team is prepared, they will usually start the rally at a specific time unique to them. Along the route, the team will encounter marshals. The position of the marshals is usually not known to the teams. The time at which the team arrives at each marshal is recorded and used in the scoring. In some cases the marshals are hidden from view. Teams may also encounter open sections where they are guaranteed not to encounter marshals and are not subject to any time penalties. There may be various other features along the route including points at which teams must wait for an 'exact time of departure', points at which teams must record their own times, etc.
Every regularity rally should have a deterministic route schedule. This means that the organisers can work out the exact times that should be recorded for each team at all the relevant points along the route. The difference between a team's actual times and the correct times determine their penalties. (Lateness and earliness both attract penalties.) The team with the lowest number of penalties wins.
Equipment
It is usually possible to compete in a regularity rally using only a car (or sometimes a motorcycle) and a stopwatch, but many regularity rallyists use various devices in an attempt to reduce their total penalties. The rules of each rally determine which devices are permitted. Some common aids include:
Odometer: Odometers can range from the odometer included on the dashboard of most cars to specially manufactured rally odometers.
Speedometer: As with odometers, speedometers used by rallyists range from those built into the vehicle to specially manufactured rally speedometers.
Stopwatch: Accurate time is essential in regularity rallying.
GPS: GPS units provide speed, distance and navigational data, but there is some debate as to their usefulness in regularity rallying.
Computer: Computers ranging from custom-made units to laptops can be used in some regularity rallies.
Smartphone: Modern day smartphones and tablets allow the installation of apps that provide similar functionality to the previously mentioned devices.
Curta: This mechanical calculator was popular among contestants in rallies during the 1960s, 1970s and into the 1980s. It was affectionately known as the "pepper grinder" or "peppermill."
Roadbook or roadmap
The roadbook or logbook is a type of map encoded with the correct road to be followed. It counts for all the information about the distances, time and average speed that must be followed throughout the race. It is through these sheets that the navigator will direct, as well as pace, the driver. At the rally the book is divided into several sections that may be of the following types:
Regularity Tracks: are the passages in which the contestants must maintain a predetermined average speed, expressed in km/h. Averages are compatible with the type of road traversed.
Deslocation Tracks: are stages used between towns and displacements on main roads, which because of their characteristics, do not allow competitors to maintain a high average speed. In these parts a maximum time is specified to fulfill the stage, so competitors can complete them safely.
Neutral Tracks: are untimed stages used by competitors to replenish fuel, food, do maintenance or simply to rest during the race.
Classic Regularity Rallies
Often, regularity rallies are held for owners of classic cars. Since regularity rallies do not involve high speed, classic cars are able to participate on an equal footing with other cars. Regularity rallying provides a practical and inexpensive sport for classic car enthusiasts.
Historic Rally Championship is featured in the FIA (Automobile International Federation) championship.
The Rallye Glenwood Springs is the longest continuously running classic car rally in North America. It has been held annually since 1952, starting in Denver, CO and running over 120 miles through the Colorado Rockies to Glenwood Springs, CO.
The Cascade Classic Rally & Tour is a 4 day event held in Washington State and British Columbia in which participants travel over 400 miles over scenic back roads. The event has run annually since 1997 and is known for its fun and unique locations.
A popular specific variety of classic rallying is the 1/100 Regularity Rally.
References
TdS Racing
Road rallying |
5391985 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hujum | Hujum | Hujum (; in Turkic languages, storming or assault, from ) was a series of policies and actions taken by the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, initiated by Joseph Stalin, to remove all manifestations of gender inequality, especially on the systems of female veiling and seclusion practiced in Central Asia. The era was often symbolized by the burning of the face-veil that women in the Muslim majority areas of the Soviet Union wore, but removal of the veil was not the sole goal of the campaign. The party began re-emphasizing their messages women's liberation within class consciousness. By abolishing theent in Central Asia and heralding in women's liberation, the Soviets believed they could clear the way for the construction of socialism. The campaign's purpose was to rapidly change the lives of women in Muslim societies so that they may participate in public life, paid work, education, and ultimately membership in the Communist Party. It was originally conceived to enforce laws that gave women in patriarchal societies equality by creating literacy programs and bringing women into the labor force.
The program was initiated on Women's Day, 8 March 1927, and it was a change from the Bolshevik policy of religious freedom for the Muslims in Central Asia. Contrary to its aim, Hujum was seen by many Muslims as outside foreigners, namely Russians, attempting to force their culture upon the indigenous population of Tajiks, Tatars, and Uzbeks. The veil inadvertently became a cultural identity marker. Wearing it became an act of religious and political defiance, and a sign of support for ethnic nationalism. However, over time the campaign was a success - female literacy rates increased, while polygamy, honor killing, underage marriage, and use of the veil diminished.
Pre-Soviet traditions
Veiling in Central Asia was intricately related to class, ethnicity, and religious practice. Prior to Soviet rule, Nomadic Kazakh, Kirgiz, and Turkmen women used a yashmak, a veil that covered only the mouth. The yashmak was applied in the presence of elders and was rooted in Islamic custom.
Tatars emigrating from Russia were unveiled. Though Muslim, they had been under Russian rule since the 17th century and were in many ways Europeanized. Only settled Uzbeks and Tajiks had strict veiling practices, which Tamerlane supposedly initiated. Even among this population, veiling depended on social class and location. Urban women veiled with (face veil) and paranji (body veil), although the cost of the veil prevented poorer women from using it. Rural Uzbeks, meanwhile, wore a chopan, a long robe that could be pulled up to cover the mouth in the presence of men.
Traditional culture
Pre-Soviet Central Asian culture and religion promoted female seclusion. Cultural mores strongly condemned unveiling as it was thought to lead to premarital or adulterous sex, a deep threat to Central Asian conceptions of family honor. Many mullahs also considered the full body veil Islamic, and strongly protested any attempts to alter it. Female seclusion in homes was encouraged for the same reasons although home seclusion was far more oppressive. Female quarters and male quarters existed separately, and women were not allowed in the presence of male non-relatives. Women from rich families were the most isolated as the family could afford to build numerous rooms and hire servants, removing the need for leaving the home. The traditional settled society encouraged seclusion as a way to protect family honor, as religiously necessary, and as a way of asserting male superiority over women.
The Jadids
Arrayed against the traditional practices stood the Jadids, elite Central Asians whose support for women's education would help spur Soviet era unveiling. Jadids were drawn primarily from the upper ranks of settled Uzbeks, the class in which veiling and seclusion were most prevalent. Very few were interested in banning the veil. However, Jadid nationalism did promote education for women, believing that only educated women could raise strong children. The Jadid's female relatives received good educations and would go on to form the core of Soviet-era feminism. The elite nature of the movement, however, restricted the education initiative to the upper class. Despite the Jadid's limited reach and modest goals, the mullahs criticized the Jadids harshly. Mullahs believed that education would lead to unveiling and subsequent immorality, an opinion most non-Jadids shared. The Jadids prepared the ground for women's rights in the Soviet era, but accomplished little outside their own circle.
Tsarist rule
Starting in the 1860s, the Tsarist occupation of Central Asia both increased the number who veiled and raised the status of veiling. Russia ruled Central Asia as one unit, called Turkestan, although certain zones retained domestic rule. The Tsarist government, while critical of veiling, kept separate laws for Russians and Central Asians in order to facilitate a peaceful, financially lucrative empire. Separate laws allowed prostitution in Russian zones, encouraging veiling as a firm way for Central Asian women to preserve their honor. Russian conquest also brought wealth and, subsequently, more Hajj participation. Hajj participation sparked a rise in religious observance, and in public displays of piety via the veil. Tsarist control thus primarily served to indirectly increase the veil's use.
Russian control shifted Central Asian's attitude toward the veil by encouraging Tatar immigration. Tatars had spent centuries under Russian rule and had adopted many European customs, including forgoing the veil. As Turkic speaking Muslims, they also had a unique engagement with Central Asian life. Faced with this synthesis of Islamic and western practice, Central Asian women began to question, if not outright attack, veiling. By opening up Central Asian society to Tatar immigration, Russians enabled the spread of ideas that conflicted with traditional Central Asian mores.
Soviet pre-Hujum policies
Although the communist revolution promised to redefine gender, Soviet rule until 1924 did little to alter women's status in Central Asia. From 1918 to 1922 Soviet troops fought against revived Khanates, basmachi rebels, and Tsarist armies. During this time Tsarist Turkestan was renamed the Turkestan Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic (TASSR). Initial central control was so weak that Jadids, acting under the communist banner, provided the administrative and ruling class. The Jadid's legislated against polygamy, Sharia, and bride price, but did not enforce these rulings. Veiling remained unaddressed. Moscow did not press the case; it was more interested in reviving war-ravaged Central Asia than altering cultural norms. Earlier, Soviet pro-nationality policies encouraged veil wearing as a sign of ethnic difference between Turkmen and Uzbeks.
This era also saw the mullahs gradually split over women's rights. Many continued to decry the USSR's liberal rulings, while others saw women's rights as necessary towards staying relevant. While Soviets were ideologically interested in Women's Rights, local instability prevented bold policies or implementation.
1924 ushered in a limited campaign against the veil. In accordance with the Soviet pro-nationality policy, the TASSR was split into five republics: Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, Turkmenistan, Kyrgyzstan, and Tajikistan. The Soviets also took this time to purge the Jadids from government, either through execution or exile. Soviet rule encouraged the founding of the anti-veiling Women's Division, or Zhenotdel. Few married women joined as their immediate community strongly condemned unveiling. Consequently, its workers were usually Jadid educated women or widows.
State policy, operating through the Women's Division encouraged unveiling through private initiative rather than state driven mass unveilings. Stories written by activist authors encouraged unveiling and emphasized that women were not morally degraded by the decision to unveil. These stories targeted widows and impoverished women, as they had the least to lose by unveiling. Despite the Division's attempts, few women choose to unveil. The few who did unveil usually had Jadid or communist families. While some women unveiled during trips to Russia, many re-veiled upon returning to Central Asia.
Still, the chachvon and paranji aided women's rights by calling attention to disparities between male and female power. Compared to the chachvon and paranji, nomadic women's yashmak veiled comparatively little and was applied only in the presence of elders. Soviet authorities took this as evidence of women's freedom and praised the nomad's gender norms. Women's rights, though, were still curtailed in nomadic culture. Women were not given the right to divorce, had fewer inheritance rights, and were generally under the sway of male decisions. While the Women's Division attempted to use the yashmak as a rallying call for women's rights, its low symbolic appeal relative to the chachvon stymied change. The post-Jadid, more explicitly communist government encouraged women's activism but ultimately was not strong enough to enact widespread change, either in settled or nomadic communities.
Soviet motivations
The hujum was part of a larger goal to "create a cohesive Soviet population in which all citizens would receive the same education, absorb the same ideology, and identify with the Soviet state as a whole." The state championed women's rights so they could substitute State control for patriarchal control of women.
The Zhenotdel, mostly composed of women hailing from Russian and other Slavic areas, believed that such a campaign would be welcomed and adopted by the Muslim women in Central Asia. Throwing off the veil in public (an individual act of emancipation) was expected to correspond with (or catalyze) a leap upward in women's political consciousness and a complete transformation in her cultural outlook.
Launching the campaign
In 1927 Tashkent, Uzbekistan became the center of the campaign for women's liberation. The campaigns aimed to completely and swiftly eradicate the veils (paranji) that Muslim women wore in the presence of unrelated males.
The brunt of the campaign fell on the shoulders of the Slavic women of the Zhenotdel, who wished to complete the campaign in six months (allowing them to celebrate their success alongside the tenth anniversary of the Bolshevik Revolution in October 1927). The hujum campaign was officially launched in Uzbekistan on International Women's Day (March 8, 1927).
Mechanics of the Hujum in Uzbekistan
To eradicate the intended target (that is, the paranji), the Zhenotdel workers designated their time to organizing public demonstrations on a grand scale, where fiery speeches and inspirational tales would speak for women's liberation. If all went according to plan, Uzbek women would cast off their paranjis en masse.
Usually, efforts to transform women were scheduled to follow or even accompany collectivization in most regions. By aligning collectivization with the hujum, the idea was that the Soviets could more easily control and intervene in the everyday life of the Uzbeks. In the beginning stages the hujum was not applied universally. Instead, only Communist Party members and their immediate families were required to participate in the campaign. The idea was that only after this portion of the campaign demonstrated the change in these families would it be spread to non-Communists, like trade-union members, factory workers, and schoolteachers.
Specifics of the campaign
"К наступлению!"(K nastupleniiu!) Meaning "To the Attack!" this phrase became the slogan associated with the hujum campaign. The Zhenotdel supplemented this assault with additional women's liberation institutions, which included the construction of women's clubs, the re-stocking of women's-only stores, and the fight against illiteracy among women.
In order to guarantee their hegemony over the indigenous population, Soviet authorities used direct physical force and coercion, along with laws and legal norms as a means to control the local populations and to propagate unveiling. Most women unveiled because they succumbed to the Party's coercive methods. The majority of women did not choose to unveil, they were either given orders directly from a government representative, or their husbands (under government pressure) told them to.
Uzbek reactions
Generally, the hujum met with resilience and resistance from the Uzbek population. Uzbeks outside the party ignored new laws, or subverted them in various ways. They utilized the weapons of the weak: protests, speeches, public meetings, petitions against the government, or a simple refusal to practice the laws.
Some welcomed the campaign, but these supporters often faced unrelenting insults, threats of violence, and other forms of harassment that made life especially difficult. Thus many Uzbek men and women who may have sympathized with the hujum campaign kept a low profile and opted out of the campaign altogether. Those brave enough to partake in the unveiling campaign were often ostracized, attacked, or even killed for their failure to defend tradition and Muslim law (shariah).
The Soviet attack on female veiling and seclusion proved to pin Party activists in direct confrontation with Islamic clergy, who vehemently opposed the campaign, some going so far as to advocate threats and attacks on unveiled women.
Every attack on the veil only proved to foment further resistance through the proliferation of the wearing of the veil among the Uzbeks. While Muslim cultural practices, such as female seclusion and the wearing of the paranji, were attacked by this campaign, they emerged from the hujum still deeply entrenched in Uzbek culture and society. Uzbek Communists were first and foremost loyal to their Uzbek Muslim culture and society. If the two clashed, they would most likely side with their own kind.
The fundamental problem of the hujum was that women were trapped between the Soviet state and their own society, with little agency to make their own decisions. In the male-dominated society of Uzbekistan, men often went to great lengths to prevent their wives from attending Soviet meetings and demonstrations. Fearing of the public opinions of their mahallas, many women decided against unveiling. The mahalla's judgment could be unmerciful. In Uzbekistan, there was little to no middle ground. If women resisted state pressure, they complied with social pressure, or vice versa. Women often sided with their husbands in their reaction to the hujum: they would follow their husband's instructions.
Murder proved an effective method of terrorizing women into re-veiling. It also served to remind women where they stood in the social hierarchy. These murders were not spontaneous eruptions, but premeditated attacks designed to demonstrate that the local community held more authority over women's actions than did the state. Infamous premeditated murders of women that unveiled included those of Nukhon Yuldasheva and Tursunoy Saidazimova.
An unveiling campaign was also carried out in the predominantly Shia Muslim Azerbaijan Soviet Socialist Republic. The unveiling campaign in Azerbaijan was supported by the outreach efforts of the Ali Bayramov Club women's organization. The unveiling campaign in Azerbaijan is commemorated by the Statue of a Liberated Woman, showing a woman unveiling, which was erected in Baku in 1960.
Outcomes
There was fierce debate surrounding the idea of making veiling illegal, but it was eventually abandoned. It was believed that Soviet law could not advance without the support of the local populations. However, with the proliferation of murders linked to unveiling, new laws were introduced in 1928 and 1929 that addressed women's personal safety. These laws, deeming attacks on unveiling as "counterrevolutionary" and as "terrorist acts" (meriting the death penalty), were designed to help local authorities defend women from harassment and violence.
In the private domestic domain, women's roles changed little, however their roles in the public domain as well as material conditions changed drastically, because of the hujum. The hujum's multifaceted approach to social and cultural reform in the form of women's liberation transformed women in public, breaking seclusion and creating new and active members of society. The concepts of women's abilities were transformed, but little progress was made in challenging gender ideals and roles.
Decades after the hujum was first launched, the paranji was eventually phased out nearly completely, and mature women took to wearing large, loose scarves to cover their heads instead of paranjis. As a result of Soviet initiatives, literacy rates in Uzbekistan in the 1950s reached 70 to 75 percent. Employment for women rose rapidly in the 1930s due to the hujum. Women were forced to work in the fields of the collective farms. By the late 1950s, women outnumbered men in the collective farms. Modernization's effects were clear in Uzbekistan: education was made available for most Uzbek regions, literacy rose, and health care was vastly improved.
See also
Women in Islam
Feminism
Niqāb
Honor killing
Violence against women
Nurkhon Yuldasheva
Tursunoi Saidazimova
Tadzhikhan Shadieva
Tamara Khanum
Hamza Hakimzade Niyazi
Yodgor Nasriddinova
Kashf-e hijab
Gruaja Shqiptare and the unveiling in Albania
Ali Bayramov Club and the unveiling in Azerbaijan
Huda Sha'arawi and the Egyptian unveiling of the 1920s.
Latife Uşaki and the Turkish unveiling of the 1920s.
Soraya Tarzi and the Afghan unveiling of the 1920s.
Humaira Begum and the Afghan unveiling of the 1950s.
Notes
References
Soviet Central Asia
Islamic female clothing
Islam in the Soviet Union
Feminism in the Soviet Union
Anti-religious campaign in the Soviet Union
Persecution by atheist states
Anti-Islam sentiment in Europe
Anti-Islam sentiment in Asia
Persecution of Muslims
Religious persecution by communists |
5391994 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hokka%20Hokka%20Tei | Hokka Hokka Tei | is a bento take-out chain with over 2,000 franchises and company-owned branches throughout Japan. It offers a variety of dishes, generally over rice, at relatively low price. Unlike competitors such as Yoshinoya beef-bowl and the various cheap curry establishments, there are no chairs or counters for inside-dining.
Hokka Hokka Tei is the major brand name of Plenus Co., Ltd., which used to be engaged in office equipment sales before it changed industries to the food industry in 1980.
Plenus Co., Ltd., has left the franchise and established a new brand, Hotto Motto. HURXLEY Corporation, which was a franchisor in eastern Japan, continues to run Hokka Hokka Tei.
See also
Hotto Motto by Plenus Co., Ltd.
External links
Hokka Hokka Tei Total headquarters
Hokka Hokka Tei Kansai region
Food and drink companies of Japan
Restaurants in Japan
Japanese restaurants
Restaurants established in 1980
Bento |
5392000 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1984%20National%20League%20Championship%20Series | 1984 National League Championship Series | The 1984 National League Championship Series was played between the San Diego Padres and the Chicago Cubs from October 2 to 7. San Diego won the series three games to two to advance to the World Series. It was the first postseason series ever for the Padres since the franchise's beginning in 1969, and the first appearance by the Cubs in postseason play since the 1945 World Series. Chicago took a 2–0 lead in the series, but San Diego prevailed after rebounding to win three straight, which contributed to the popular mythology of the "Curse of the Billy Goat" on the Cubs. The series was the 16th NLCS in all and the last to be played as a best-of-five. In 1985, the League Championship Series changed to a best-of-seven format.
Due to a strike by major league umpires, the first four games of the NLCS were played with replacement umpires. The umpires originally scheduled to work the series were John Kibler, Frank Pulli, Harry Wendelstedt, Ed Montague, Billy Williams and Bob Engel. Kibler worked Game 5 behind the plate with fellow veterans Paul Runge, John McSherry and Doug Harvey.
Summary
San Diego Padres vs. Chicago Cubs
Game summaries
Game 1
Tuesday, October 2, 1984, at Wrigley Field in Chicago
Bob Dernier and Gary Matthews hit home runs in the first off Eric Show, then Rick Sutcliffe also homered in the third. Later that inning, after a walk, single and fly out, Leon Durham's single and Keith Moreland's sacrifice fly scored a run each. The Cubs then blew the game open in the fifth off Greg Harris. A leadoff double and walk was followed by Matthews's three-run home run, then after a one-out walk and single, Jody Davis's single and Larry Bowa's groundout scored a run each. A walk and single loaded the bases before Ryne Sandberg's RBI single made it 11–0 Cubs. Next inning, Ron Cey's two-out home run off Harris made it 12–0 Cubs, then Davis doubled and scored the last run of the game on Bowa's single. Starting pitcher Rick Sutcliffe held the Padres to two hits over seven strong innings. The Cubs took a 1-0 series lead in a shutout Game 1. This was the Cubs' first postseason win and appearance since Game 7 of the 1945 World Series.
Game 2
Wednesday, October 3, 1984, at Wrigley Field in Chicago
Chicago's offense was considerably more subdued in Game 2, though their pitching remained almost as strong. Dernier again opened the scoring for the Cubs in the first off Mark Thurmond, singling to left and coming around to score on two groundouts. In the third, Keith Moreland singled with one out and scored on a double by Ron Cey, who moved to third on the throw to home and scored on Jody Davis's sacrifice fly. San Diego got one back in the fourth when Tony Gwynn doubled, moved to third on a groundout, and scored on a sacrifice fly by Kevin McReynolds off Steve Trout. But Chicago answered in the bottom of the fourth when Ryne Sandberg doubled in Dernier. San Diego cut the lead to 4–2 in the sixth when Alan Wiggins walked with one out, moved to second on a groundout, and scored on a single by Steve Garvey, but the Padres could get no closer against the strong pitching of Steve Trout. Lee Smith came on with one out in the ninth to get the save, and the Cubs were just one victory away from the World Series. The Cubs victory in Game 2 had Chicago's long-suffering fans dreaming of the franchise's first World Series championship since 1908, as they led the series 2-0.
Game 3
Thursday, October 4, 1984, at Jack Murphy Stadium in San Diego
The series moved to San Diego, and the Padres staved off elimination with a convincing 7–1 win. During pregame ceremonies, the normally reserved Padres shortstop Garry Templeton encouraged the crowd by waving his cap. He ended a Cubs' rally in the first inning with an acrobatic catch of a line drive from Leon Durham. However, San Diego actually fell behind 1–0 in the second when Chicago's Keith Moreland doubled and came home on Cey's single to center. The Cubs threatened to score more that inning, but Templeton made another excellent play, diving to his right on a line drive from Dernier that appeared destined for left field. But the Cubs would get no more off Padres starter Ed Whitson, while San Diego's bats finally came to life with seven runs in the fifth and sixth off of Dennis Eckersley. Terry Kennedy and Kevin McReynolds led off the fifth with back-to-back singles, then scored on Garry Templeton's double, giving San Diego their first lead of the series at 2–1. One out later, Templeton scored on Alan Wiggins's single to make it 3–1 Padres. Next inning, Tony Gwynn hit a leadoff single, moved to second on a groundout and scored on Graig Nettles's single. George Frazier relieved Eckersley and allowed a single to Kennedy before McReynolds's three-run home run gave the Padres a commanding 7–1 lead. Rich Gossage pitched a dominating ninth inning to wrap up the win for San Diego, their first postseason win in franchise history.
"It was the loudest crowd I've ever heard anywhere", said Gossage, a former New York Yankee. Gwynn agreed as well. Jack Murphy Stadium played "Cub-Busters", a parody of the theme song from the 1984 movie Ghostbusters. Cub-Busters T-shirts inspired from the movie were popular attire for Padres fans. Prior to the game, fans in the parking lot were lynching teddy bears, and singing the "We ain't 'fraid o' no Cubs" lyrics from "Cub-Busters".
Game 4
Saturday, October 6, 1984, at Jack Murphy Stadium in San Diego
Game 4 proved to be the most dramatic of the series, and it left many Cubs fans dreading another harsh disappointment for the franchise nicknamed the "lovable losers." The Padres jumped out to a 2–0 lead in the third off of Scott Sanderson on a sacrifice fly from Tony Gwynn with two on followed by a run-scoring double from Steve Garvey, but the Cubs took the lead in the fourth off of Tim Lollar on a two-run homer by Jody Davis after a leadoff walk followed by a shot by Leon Durham, who would later suffer ignominy in Game 5. The Padres tied the game in the fifth on an RBI single from Garvey, and took the lead in the seventh when Garvey singled in yet another run after two walks by Tim Stoddard. A passed ball allowed a second tally in the inning to make the score 5–3 San Diego. The Cubs bounced back in the eighth to tie the game off of Rich Gossage when Ryne Sandberg hit a leadoff single, stole second, and scored on an RBI single by Keith Moreland. Right fielder Henry Cotto pinch-ran for Moreland and scored on an RBI double from Davis.
With dominating closer Lee Smith on the mound for the Cubs in the bottom of the ninth, Gwynn singled to center with one out. Garvey then capped an extraordinary five-RBI game by launching a two-run walk-off home run to right center field at the 370 sign, just out of reach of leaping Cubs right fielder Henry Cotto. Previously, he had been hitless against Smith in eight career at bats. During the game, the Padres lost McReynolds for the season after he broke his wrist trying to break up a double play.
Game 5
Sunday, October 7, 1984, at Jack Murphy Stadium in San Diego
Leon Durham hit a two-run homer in the first after a two-out walk and Jody Davis added a homer in the second to give the Cubs a 3–0 lead off of Padres' starter Eric Show. Rick Sutcliffe, who was 17–1 since joining Chicago in a mid-June trade, and had also beaten the Padres twice in the regular season, allowed just two infield hits through five innings. However, two singles and a walk loaded the bases with no outs for San Diego in the sixth before back-to-back sacrifice flies by Graig Nettles and Terry Kennedy cut the Cubs lead to 3–2. In the bottom of the seventh, Carmelo Martínez led off the inning with a walk on four pitches from Sutcliffe and was sacrificed to second by Garry Templeton. Martínez scored when pinch hitter Tim Flannery's sharp grounder went under Durham's glove and through his legs for an error. Alan Wiggins singled Flannery to second. Gwynn followed with a hard grounder at Sandberg's feet, which the second baseman expect to stay low, but instead bounced over his head into right center for a double; Flannery and Wiggins scored to give the Padres a 5–3 lead as Gwynn reached third. Garvey followed with an RBI single to stretch the lead to 6–3. Steve Trout then replaced Sutcliffe and got out of the inning without further damage.
The Cubs got three baserunners over the final two innings against Gossage but could not score, and San Diego took home its first National League pennant. They became the first National League team to win a Championship Series after being down 2–0. Garvey finished the series batting .400 with seven RBIs, and was named the NLCS Most Valuable Player for the second time in his career. The Padres would go on to lose the World Series to the dominant Detroit Tigers in five games. The Cubs' inability to win the series after a 2–0 lead coupled with Durham's error added to the Curse of the Billy Goat lore regarding the Cubs' championship drought.
Composite box
1984 NLCS (3–2): San Diego Padres over Chicago Cubs
References
External links
Baseball-reference.com page for the 1984 NLCS
National League Championship Series
National League Championship Series
San Diego Padres postseason
Chicago Cubs postseason
National League Championship Series
National League Championship Series
1980s in Chicago
1984 in Illinois
1980s in San Diego
National League Championship Series
Sports competitions in San Diego
Sports competitions in Chicago
Wrigley Field |
5392001 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Backlist | Backlist | A backlist is a list of older books available from a publisher. This is opposed to newly-published titles, which is sometimes known as the frontlist.
Business
Building a strong backlist has traditionally been considered the best method to produce a profitable publishing house, as the most expensive aspects of the publishing process have already been paid for and the only remaining expenses are reproduction costs and author royalty.
"The backlist is the financial backbone of the book industry, accounting for 25 to 30 percent of the average publisher's sales," printed The New York Times. "Current titles, known as the front list, are often a gamble: they can become best sellers, but they are much more likely to disappear in a flood of returns from bookstores. By contrast, backlist books usually have predictable sales and revenues."
United States
In the US, backlist and midlist publications were negatively affected by the US Supreme Court decision in the 1979 case Thor Power Tool Company v. Commissioner of Internal Revenue. This decision reinterpreted rules for inventory depreciation, changing how book publishers had to account for unsold inventory each year, and their ability to depreciate it. Because stocks of unsold books could no longer be written down without proof of value, it became more efficient tax-wise for companies to simply destroy inventory.
The Thor decision caused publishers and booksellers to be much quicker to destroy stocks of poorly-selling books in order to realize a taxable loss. These books would previously have been kept in stock but written down to reflect the fact that not all of them were expected to sell. This has been somewhat mitigated by the development of online bookselling, which makes less popular titles more accessible to average readers. (For more on this phenomenon, see The Long Tail.)
Because this book is out of print, the publisher has an opening on its list, more cash to invest, and a serious need to replace the steady (if small) income stream that book would have generated. So the publisher must release not only the new title it would have published anyway, but a second new one, to make up for its lack of a backlist... This results in title proliferation, which itself promotes both lower advance orders on the part of major buyers, and a higher return rate. That means writers must write more, and sell more often, in order to survive.
Other industries
Recording companies also have backlists of music titles they have published.
References
Book publishing
Lists of books |
5392009 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Circular%20Quay%20ferry%20wharf | Circular Quay ferry wharf | Circular Quay Ferry Wharf is a complex of wharves at Circular Quay, on Sydney Cove, that serves as the hub for the Sydney Harbour ferry network.
Layout
The Circular Quay ferry wharf complex consists of five double-sided wharves at 90 degrees to the shoreline, numbered 2 to 6. Wharves 3 to 5 are used exclusively by Sydney Ferries, wharf 2 west is used by Sydney Ferries, wharf 2 east is used by Manly Fast Ferries by while wharf 6 is used by other operators including Captain Cook Cruises. Each wharf has ticket selling facilities on both sides of the barriers as most other wharves do not have such facilities.
On the eastern side alongside Bennelong Apartments, is the Eastern Pontoon used by charter operators. On the western side, lie the Commissioners Steps and Harbour Masters Steps that are used by charter operators and water taxis.
When the Port Jackson & Manly Steamship Company introduced hydrofoils to the Manly service in the mid-1960s, a pontoon was attached to the eastern side of wharf 2 to allow the hydrofoils to berth without their foils fouling the wharf. This was removed when the hydrofoils were replaced by JetCats in 1991.
Wharf 3 is exclusively used by ferries on the Manly service. When the Freshwater class ferries were introduced in the 1980s, the wharf was rebuilt to accommodate their onboard gangways. It has a mezzanine level allowing ferries to disembark passengers from their upper decks. It also houses an office for Transdev Sydney Ferries. To better accommodate the larger ferries, wharf 3 is built higher from the water and this combined with differently configured Opal card readers and gates, means only Manly ferries can use the wharf.
Wharves 2 West, 4 and 5 are used interchangeably by Sydney Ferries.
Ferry services
Interchanges
The Circular Quay ferry wharf complex is adjacent to an elevated railway station of the same name. The station is served by Sydney Trains services on the Airport & South Line, Inner West & Leppington Line and the Bankstown Line.
South of the railway station is the Alfred Street bus terminus. A number of Transdev John Holland routes originate from there while two Big Bus Tours routes depart from George Street just north of Alfred Street.
References
External links
Circular Quay at Transport for New South Wales (Archived 10 June 2019)
Circular Quay Public Transport Map Transport for NSW
Ferry wharves in Sydney |
5392016 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nordic%20combined%20at%20the%20Winter%20Olympics | Nordic combined at the Winter Olympics | The Nordic combined events have been contested at the Winter Olympic Games since 1924. The first competition involved 18 km cross-country skiing, followed by ski jumping.
History
Whoever earned the most points from both competitions won the event. At the 1952 Winter Olympics, the ski jumping was held first, followed by 18 km cross-country skiing. The cross-country skiing portion was reduced to 15 km at the 1956 Winter Olympics. The ski jumping styles would change over the years as well, from the Kongsberger technique after World War I to the Daescher technique in the 1950s to the current V-style from 1985 onwards.
The cross-country skiing technique would switch from classical to freestyle for all competitions beginning in 1985. At the 1988 Winter Olympics the Gundersen method was adopted, meaning the 15 km cross country portion would go from an interval start race to a pursuit race, so that whoever crossed the finish line first won the event.
The team event with a 3 x 10 km cross country relay started at the 1988 Winter Olympics, changing to the current 4 x 5 km cross-country relay at the 1998 Winter Olympics. The 7.5 km sprint event was added at the 2002 Winter Olympics. Nordic combined remains a men's only event as of the 2010 Winter Olympics. For the 2010 Winter Games, the 15 km Individual Gundersen which consisted of 2 jumps from the normal hill followed by 15 km cross country will be replaced by a 10 km individual normal hill event which will consist of one jump from the individual normal hill following by 10 km of cross country using the Gundersen system while the 7.5 km sprint will be replaced by the 10 km individual large hill event.
Today the International Ski Federation sanction no women's competitions. However it was decided in early-November 2016 that women's competitions were to be established at the Olympic Winter Games in 2022.
Events
Medal table
Sources (after the 2022 Winter Olympics):
Accurate as of 2022 Winter Olympics.
Number of Nordic combined skiers by nation
See also
List of Olympic venues in Nordic combined
References
International Olympic Committee information on the Nordic combined medalists. - accessed 17 February 2010.
External links
Sports at the Winter Olympics
Skiing at the Winter Olympics
Olympics |
5392017 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Woodchester%20Mansion | Woodchester Mansion | Woodchester Mansion is an unfinished, Gothic revival mansion house in Nympsfield, Gloucestershire, England. It is on the site of an earlier house known as Spring Park. The mansion is a Grade I listed building.
The mansion was abandoned by its builders in the middle of construction, leaving behind a building that appears complete from the outside, but with floors, plaster and whole rooms missing inside. It has remained in this state since the mid-1870s.
The mansion's creator William Leigh bought the Woodchester Park estate for £100,000 in 1854, demolishing the existing house, which had been home to the Ducie family.
A colony of approximately 200 greater horseshoe bats reside within the attic of the mansion, and have been studied continuously since the mid-1950s.
History
The original manor house for Woodchester was in the heart of the settlement of Woodchester, next to the old church. After a succession of owners, the manor was granted to George Huntley in 1564. Subsequently, he decided to create a deer park, a little distance from the manor house, by both purchase and through the enclosure of common agricultural land in the Inchbrook Valley. A seven-mile long boundary wall surrounded the park and by 1610 a hunting lodge was built at the western end.
Ducie family
The expense of creating the park is thought to have nearly bankrupted the Huntleys and the manor and park were sold to Sir Robert Ducie in 1631. Later generations of the Ducie family decided to build a grand country house and, at the same time, create a magnificent landscaped park out of the deer park. Quite why this site was chosen will forever remain an enigma. The steep sides of the valley mean that for much of the year the sun is obscured. The house being positioned halfway down the length of the valley reduces the dramatic views that would have surely been seen if it had been built on a higher spot. The site is neither convenient nor easy for transport. As it was not the Ducie's principal residence, they may have looked at it more as an isolated retreat. In any case, they decided to extend and adapt the hunting lodge and lay out a formal garden, and although a precise start date is not known, the house – called Spring Park – was constructed during the 1740s. Certainly by 1750 it was finished, as Frederick, Prince of Wales stayed – and in 1788, George III visited.
Before the visit of George III – and only 30 years after the formal gardens were established – a start was made on extensively re-landscaping the grounds from plans drawn-up by John Speyers, working with Capability Brown. This plan removed the more formal aspect of the garden to create a naturalistic park. Part of the plan also turned a group of small fishponds into a series of lakes – and this was done in the late 18th or early 19th century.
Not only was the park remodelled but the house too – several times in the 1770s and 1830s (including the reintroduction of a more formal garden area by Humphry Repton) but in 1840 when the 2nd Earl Ducie wanted further alterations and repairs, the estimate was thought to be too great and the estate was sold to William Leigh, a wealthy merchant.
William Leigh
William Leigh was born in Liverpool, and educated at Oxford and Eton. At the time of the purchase he was living at Little Aston Hall in Staffordshire, where he had recently converted to the Roman Catholic faith. This and the Gothic Revival style in architecture were fashionable, and formed the ideology for the new house. He approached Augustus Pugin to draw up the plans.
Pugin drew up plans for the house but in 1846 he became ill and the project was allowed to drop. Leigh meanwhile gave land in South Woodchester to a community of Roman Catholic Passionist fathers for a monastery and church. He then turned to Charles Francis Hansom, whose brother designed the famous Hansom cab of Victorian London, to take over the architectural planning.
In 1857 Leigh dropped Hansom, and unexpectedly hired Benjamin Bucknall, a young man who was an aspiring architect and assistant to Hansom, but very inexperienced. Bucknall set about studying Gothic Revival architecture – the result, Woodchester Mansion, is Bucknall's masterpiece.
Woodchester Mansion was constructed from 1858 to 1870, and finally in 1873, when William Leigh died, all work stopped.
It may be surmised that Leigh's surviving family were less keen on the design for shortly after Leigh's death they asked another architect, James Wilson of Bath, Somerset, to propose a new design. This he did in his flamboyant Italianate style, but the cost of completing a new mansion was too great for any of them to afford. (Indeed, it raises the question of how they ever thought they could both demolish and build a completely new building, but clearly it underlines that they did not share their father's passion for living in monastic conditions.) Wilson had his own opinion of the site and wanted the family to build, if they were going to, in a new location in the valley.
Wilson wrote:
In the meantime, Bucknall had moved to Algiers where he worked on domestic projects and villas. The reason for his move is unknown, although poor health is one reason put forward, but without doubt he must have been bitterly disappointed that his grand vision and architectural statement had not been realised. Indeed, in 1878 he wrote to Leigh's son:
In 1894 Cardinal Vaughan paid a visit to the house, and the drawing room was updated, but from that day on the house stood often empty. The next heir, Vincent Leigh, briefly lived in part of the house, and his sisters in the gatehouse.
20th century
In 1938, William Leigh's granddaughters, Blanche and Beatrice, sold the house – and what was left of the estate – to a mental health charity, the Barnwood House Trust. They intended to convert the mansion into a mental hospital, but subsequently this plan was shelved. During the Second World War, the grounds were used as a billet for Canadian and American troops, and the mansion itself used by St Paul's Teacher Training College. It was then abandoned to the elements. Fortunately, its isolated position meant it did not suffer from vandalism; it was not redeveloped.
Local people ensured it never fell into total disrepair and the mansion and a small area of surrounding land was eventually purchased by Stroud District Council, who leased it to a building restoration trust, the Woodchester Mansion Trust, in 1992. A board of Trustees manage the mansion and open it to the public from April 1 to October 31 on Fridays to Sundays and Bank Holiday Mondays (i.e. closed every Monday unless a Bank Holiday) with the aid of volunteers. The Trust also operates a programme of training courses in stone conservation and craftsmanship at the mansion.
Parkland and buildings
The parkland around the mansion is owned by the National Trust, and is open to the public as part of its Woodchester Park. Woodchester Park includes several buildings including a gatehouse, boathouse, several cottages and an ice house. There are several large lakes with many paths and walks through the fields and woods. Much of Woodchester village was owned by Woodchester Park.
Entrance to the park is free with a National Trust pay-and-display car park near the entrance, situated at the western end of the park, off the B4066 road. Toilets for Mansion visitors are provided near the mansion, these are only open when the Mansion is open to the public. The mansion itself has an entrance fee.
In popular culture
In 1982 a programme in the BBC wildlife series Naturewatch, starring Julian Pettifer, was filmed in Woodchester Park. The topic was Magnetoreception.
In 2002 a team of six sceptics and believers of the paranormal, visited the mansion for an episode of LivingTV's Scream Team.
The television programme Most Haunted Live featured the house in 2003, and again in 2005. It has become a regular haunt for ghost hunters. The building has featured on several television programmes, including the ghost hunting show Hauntings and Scariest Places On Earth. The mansion is also featured on an episode of Ghost Hunters International.
In 2003, several scenes from an episode of ITV's Magick Eve concerning the Gothic subculture were filmed within the house along with a performance by the UK Goth band Cauda Pavonis. In the 2006 BBC production of Dracula, Woodchester Mansion was used as Dracula's (played by Marc Warren) dilapidated castle. The library on the ground floor (one of only a few rooms completed within the house) was used as the guest bedroom in which Jonathan Harker (Rafe Spall) was murdered and Abraham Van Helsing (David Suchet) attacked by Dracula.
Woodchester Park, including the mansion, was the setting for much of the action in the 2012 novel Caballito by Robin Baker. Under the fictional name of Inchfield Park the valley is occupied by a commune made up of Animists and Wiccans and becomes the scene of a suspected murder.
The mansion is shown (with some temporary adjustments) as Gordonstoun in the second series of The Crown. More recently, opening scenes for HBO's His Dark Materials were filmed with the mansion acting as Jordan College, Oxford.
References
Further reading
External links
Woodchester Park official web site
Bat roosts
Country houses in Gloucestershire
Grade I listed houses in Gloucestershire
Tourist attractions in Gloucestershire
Historic house museums in Gloucestershire
Stroud District
Unfinished buildings and structures
Sites of Special Scientific Interest in Gloucestershire
Sites of Special Scientific Interest notified in 1966
Cotswolds
Gardens by Capability Brown |
5392023 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NI%20Multisim | NI Multisim | NI Multisim (formerly MultiSIM) is an electronic schematic capture and simulation program which is part of a suite of circuit design programs, along with NI Ultiboard. Multisim is one of the few circuit design programs to employ the original Berkeley SPICE based software simulation. Multisim was originally created by a company named Electronics Workbench Group, which is now a division of National Instruments. Multisim includes microcontroller simulation (formerly known as MultiMCU), as well as integrated import and export features to the printed circuit board layout software in the suite, NI Ultiboard.
Multisim is widely used in academia and industry for circuits education, electronic schematic design and SPICE simulation.
History
Multisim was originally called Electronics Workbench and created by a company called Interactive Image Technologies. At the time it was mainly used as an educational tool to teach electronics technician and electronics engineering programs in colleges and universities. National Instruments has maintained this educational legacy, with a specific version of Multisim with features developed for teaching electronics.
In 1999, Multisim was integrated with Ultiboard after the original company merged with Ultimate Technology, a PCB layout software company.
In 2005, Interactive Image Technologies was acquired by National Instruments Electronics Workbench Group and Multisim was renamed to NI Multisim.
Pricing
See also
Comparison of EDA software
List of free electronics circuit simulators
Proteus Design Suite
Qucs
NI Ultiboard, the PCB layout software that is integrated with Multisim.
OrCAD
References
External links
National Instruments Circuit Design Community Circuit design blog and community to share components, models and footprints
Download Link for NI Multisim Allows a 30-day evaluation of the software
Introduction to Multisim Schematic Capture and SPICE Simulation
Getting Started with NI Ultiboard
Electronic design automation software
Electronic circuit simulators |
5392045 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orphan%20patient | Orphan patient | In health care, an orphan patient is a patient who has been "lost" within the system or has no primary provider overseeing their care.
Usually, the primary provider is a general practitioner who takes care of some of the basic health needs and then refers to a specialist for complicated medical problems. Thus, orphan patients are sometimes referred to as "no-family-doctor" patients. The view from insiders and health care providers is that orphan patients tend to receive inferior care compared to those who have a "gatekeeper" coordinating the medicine.
The Wordspy entry for this phrase is as follows :
Contributing factors
There are multiple factors that are contributing to the orphan patient problem in North America. Some of them include:
problems maintaining a supply of qualified health practitioners
providing access to them where and when they are needed most
a growing population of patients
an aging population of patients
a sicker population of patients (particularly with diabetes and obesity being rampant in North America)
a more "medicalized" population of patients (expectations for medical care are higher than ever, and we have more defined diseases to treat)
increasing complexity of treatments for the diseases we have always known about (standard-of-care treatment for heart attack is much more labour-intensive now than it was even a decade ago)
The orphan patient problem has only been recognized in the media recently.
Older medical references mention the term 'orphan patient' using a different definition, specifically patients with an orphan disease. For example, New England Journal of Medicine mentioned patients with orphan diseases as orphan patients in 1988:
N Engl J Med. 1988 Mar 10;318(10):646.
The orphan patient.
Shelley WB, Shelley ED.
Publication Types: Letter
Solutions
Solutions to the orphan patient problem are complex, as expected due to its multifactorial origins. It is not possible to decrease the population. It is not easy to increase the number of physicians and other health care providers available, as the time to train them tends to be long. Some of the temporary solutions have involved changing the way that health care is provided by:
making greater use of alternative health care providers such as nurse practitioners, hospitalists and Telehealth-style public information services.
using technological assists such as electronic medical records and telemedicine to make the existing health care providers more efficient.
implementing wider and more effective public health initiatives such as smoking cessation and fitness programs in order to decrease the burden of illness on a community. Community smoking bans and seatbelt regulations are political interventions that are sometimes spearheaded by medical professionals but can be implemented without their involvement.
Medical terminology |
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