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20468038 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compass%20in%20the%20Blood | Compass in the Blood | Compass in the Blood is a young-adult novel by the American writer William E. Coles, Jr. (1932–2005) set in 1890's Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
Synopsis
It tells the story of Dee Armstrong, a freshman journalism student at the University of Pittsburgh, who is inspired to investigate one of the city's most notorious crimes. In 1902 Kate Soffel, the wife of the warden of the Allegheny County Jail, conducted an adulterous affair with a prisoner, Ed Biddle, and helped him and his brother Jack in a daring jailbreak.
References
2001 American novels
Novels set in Pittsburgh
University of Pittsburgh
Atheneum Books books |
20468090 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pipra%20Rajbara | Pipra Rajbara | Pipra Rajbara is a village development committee in Rautahat District in the Narayani Zone of south-eastern Nepal. At the time of the 1991 Nepal census it had a population of 4606 people living in 801 individual households.
References
Populated places in Rautahat District |
20468101 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pothiyahi | Pothiyahi | Pothiyahi is a village development committee in Rautahat District in the Narayani Zone of south-eastern Nepal. At the time of the 1991 Nepal census it had a population of 3927 people living in 627 individual households.
References
Populated places in Rautahat District |
17329459 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1960%20United%20States%20presidential%20election%20in%20California | 1960 United States presidential election in California | The 1960 United States presidential election in California took place on November 8, 1960 as part of the 1960 United States presidential election. State voters chose 32 representatives, or electors, to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.
California voted for the Republican nominee, Vice President Richard Nixon, over the Democratic nominee, Massachusetts Senator John F. Kennedy. Although California was Nixon's home state, which he represented in the House and Senate, and initial political base, his margin of victory over Kennedy turned out to be extremely narrow; in fact, it was the closest of the states that Nixon won and the fourth closest state in the election after Hawaii, Illinois and Missouri. On the morning of November 9, the NBC victory desk erroneously projected California to Kennedy.
Nixon would later win California again against Hubert Humphrey in 1968 and then against George McGovern in 1972.
Primaries
Democratic primary
Running unopposed, California governor Pat Brown won the state's Democratic primary as a favorite son.
While the primary itself was straightforward, the developments surrounding the primary were far more complex.
Kennedy had not come easily to his decision not to compete in the California primary, and had at one point tentatively filed to run in the primary.
Kennedy had begun to contemplate the state's primary at an early stage in the development of his campaign.
By early 1958 Kennedy's team had recognized the state to be a Democratic target for the midterm elections, since economic woes had weakened the Republican Party's strength in the state. This meant that the 1958 midterm election would serve to gauge the prospect of Democrats winning the state in the 1960 presidential election. In February 1958, Ted Sorensen spent $1,500 in order to commission a survey in California that would be conducted that March, coinciding with a two-day visit by Kennedy to the state. The survey showed Kennedy winning 55 to 45% in a then-hypothetical general election race against Nixon. The survey also demonstrated Kennedy to have a strong lead in California among Catholics, who constituted one-fifth of the state's populace.
Kennedy, however, remained undecided as to whether or not he would compete in the state's primary.
In November 1958, the midterm elections delivered encouraging signs for Democratic prospects of carrying the state in 1960. Pat Brown had defeated the Nixon-backed Republican candidate, outgoing U.S. Senate Minority Leader William Knowland, in the state's gubernatorial election and Democrat Clair Engle defeated the Nixon-backed Republican candidate, outgoing governor Goodwin Knight, in the race for the U.S. Senate seat being vacated by Knowland.
California was one of several large state delegations to the Democratic National convention whose support the Kennedy campaign came to believe was integral when they mapped-out his path to secure the nomination.
The Kennedy campaign was concerned that Brown might run against Kennedy as a favorite son in the primary. Brown saw himself as a potential running mate on the Democratic ticket. However, he recognized that his chances of being selected would disappear if Kennedy were the presidential nominee, as Brown and Kennedy were both Catholics and a ticket composed of two Catholics was improbable. Thus. Brown recognized that he would need for Kennedy to lose the nomination if he were to stand a chance at securing the vice-presidential nomination for himself.
California's Democratic Party landscape at the time, stood largely divided between Brown loyalists and Adlai Stevenson supporters (many of whom had hopes of nominating Stevenson a third consecutive time).
Kennedy's campaign began to consider the possibility of pursuing a compromise with Brown in which he would run as a favorite candidate committed to Kennedy. Such a compromise would have granted Brown the profile and ego boost of winning the state's primary. It would have allowed Kennedy to eschew a scenario in which he could underperform or be defeated in one of the last primaries, which would weaken the momentum he needed to have heading into the convention. It would also have avoided the risk of dividing the state party, which was important since a divided state party would have decimated any chance Kennedy stood of carrying the state in the general election. At the same time, such a compromise would still have secured the support of California's delegation for Kennedy. Kennedy's campaign decided that, so long as their candidate still had momentum from having won primaries in other key states, there would be no problem in having Brown run as a surrogate candidate in California. To help persuade Brown to be inclined towards such an agreement, Larry O'Brien met with Brown on behalf of the campaign and showed him polling that Louis Harris had conducted for them which showed Kennedy winning the state 60% to 40% in a two-way race against Brown and was also beating him in a three-way matchup featuring Humphrey, polling 47% against Brown's 33% and Humphrey's 20%. The campaign ultimately reached an informal agreement with Brown to have him run, pledged to Kennedy, as a favorite son.
Despite their informal agreement with Brown, Kennedy's campaign continued to possess worries about the state's primary. They were uncertain as to what degree Brown was intent on honoring their agreement. They also recognized that there was a potential that Stevenson might run in the state's primary. Another concern involved the candidacy of Hubert Humphrey. Kennedy's team believed that there was a possibility that Humphrey might file to run in the state. While Kennedy's campaign strategy aimed to have killed Humphrey's candidacy well in advance of the California primary by dealing him critical defeats in earlier primaries, they were still somewhat concerned about a potential scenario in which Kennedy would have failed to knock Humphrey out of the race and Humphrey ran in the California primary. They were worried that, in such an instance, Brown might prove to be a much less effective an opponent to Humphrey than Kennedy himself would be.
To precautionarily leave open the campaign's options, on the March 9 deadline to file for the primary, Kennedy filed his own slate of prospective delegates which would be, at least tentatively, registered to run against Brown's slate. Humphrey filed a slate of his own later that day. This blindsided Brown, who believed that he had secured promises from both candidates that neither of them would run against him in the California primary.
By the time of the California primary, Humphrey had already ended his campaign. Since he had only filed as a precaution for the possibility of Humphrey competing in California, Kennedy attempted to make peace. Kennedy withdrew, granting Brown the opportunity to run unopposed.
Feeling betrayed by Kennedy, Brown did not publicly endorse him, much to the chagrin of the Kennedy campaign. Brown, ultimately, held weak control over a fractious state delegation, whose ranks included a number of Stevenson loyalists, and Stevenson had left open the possibility of being drafted as a candidate at the convention. After failing to secure a public endorsement from Brown ahead of the convention, Kennedy and his team ultimately resorted to courting individual members of its delegation for their support.
Republican primary
Nixon won California's Republican primary, in which he was unopposed.
General election
Results
Results by county
References
California
1960
1960 California elections |
17329484 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Central%20Democratic%20Association | Central Democratic Association | The Central Democratic Association, also known as the Democratic Association or the Democrats, was a political party of Chartists which was prominent in Sheffield, England in the mid-nineteenth century.
Establishment
Sheffield Town Council was constituted in 1843. While the town had one of the less restrictive electoral franchises, only ratepayers of three years standing were permitted to vote. Tenants of cottages, including many workers in the city, typically paid their rates indirectly through their landlords and were therefore not permitted to vote. This set-up had been unproblematic until the Council was founded, but was now of concern, as the registered voters were generally the wealthier residents. In 1843, only 5,584 people were registered to vote, and this had risen to 8,000 in 1845.
In 1846, a committee of Chartists in the city met to discuss the problem of voter registration. They decided to focus their campaign for registration by putting up two candidates in the November elections: Thomas Briggs, a farmer, in Brightside in the annual election, and Isaac Ironside, an accountant and former support of Robert Owen, in Ecclesall in a by-election held soon afterwards. Briggs was easily elected, while Ironside won narrowly on a record turnout: 397 votes to 317 for his Liberal rival. Voter registration was also up, reaching 11,500 people.
The Liberals dominated the council, and portrayed the Chartists as socialists, and Ironside as a demagogue. The Liberal press in the shape of the Sheffield Independent was initially supportive, but as the group gain success, became increasingly hostile.
In 1847, Ironside was re-elected in Ecclesall, along with another Chartist councillor. Other Chartists were elected in Brightside, St George's, St Philip's and Nether Hallam wards, and by the end of the year they formed a group of nine councillors. In addition, Richard Otley was elected in Ecclesall, but was unseated because he failed to meet the property qualification. This required councillors to have resources worth £1,000 or to occupy property with a rental value above £30 a year. As a result, the Chartist councillors were mostly shopkeepers and craftsmen, with a couple of surgeons and a farmer. This was not representative of their electorate.
The Chartists joined a campaign against Wilson Overend, a local magistrate accused of anti-trade union bias, and later in the year, initiated a campaign in support of former police constable George Bakewell who had been banished from the town by his superintendent after being accused of stealing a pair of trousers. This campaign was supported by Liberal members of the Watch Committee, annoyed that they had not been consulted.
Policies and organisation
Chartist candidates had to give their broad support to Chartist goals, and in particular had to support universal male suffrage. The group was lightly whipped, a situation much criticised by the Sheffield Independent. Its main planks of policy were opposition to high civic salaries, and opposition to the Sheffield City Police, criticising its organisation and calling for a lower police rate. This was supported by the group's efficient administration of the Ecclesall board of highway surveyors.
In 1848, the Chartists won four of the six wards they contested, and by the end of the year had fifteen councillors. This rose to 22 the following year. They still opted not to run in the Park ward as they lacked registered supporters, but as the voter registration drive gained successes, in 1851 they came a close second to the Liberal, and in 1852 the Liberal association decided to avoid a repeat by adopting the Democrat candidate as official.
By this time, Ironside had become recognised as the leader of the group, and had persuaded the council to set up a health committee and to set up a model farm at Hollow Meadows.
The Chartists set up ward committees which met regularly and were responsible for selecting candidates, canvassing for them and for encouraging supporters to vote. These committees, known as "wardmotes" and open to all "burghers" (loosely defined as the skilled working classes), were inspired by Joshua Toulmin Smith's ideas. In 1851, Ironside formalised the network by launching the Sheffield Free Press as a party newspaper, followed by the Central Democratic Ward Association to co-ordinate the ward committees and decide borough-wide strategy. The Liberals largely failed to imitate these structures.
The Association allowed the wardmotes to select any candidate they chose, and while many were active Democrats, other radicals and independent Chartists were sometimes elected on to their slate. Ironside also saw the wardmotes as a venue for the resolution of local grievances. For example, they took up complaints against pollution and inadequate street maintenance, and even petty crimes. On one occasion, Ironside found five youths disturbing the peace and a wardmote passed a resolution calling for their parents to bring them before the body. When one youth attended the next meeting, he was reprimanded, while the body pressed for summons for the others. Members of the police force and other relevant bodies were also free to attend the wardmotes to justify their actions, and the Democrats were not universally critical of their actions.
By the 1840s, there was a general consensus in the city that a new Act of Parliament was needed to replace the Sheffield Improvement Act 1818. The council opposed the Public Health Act 1848 as centralising, adding expense and placing local boards under central governmental rather than local democratic control. The Chartists also opposed the additional property qualifications it introduced for voters and members of local boards, noting this would disenfranchise many of their supporters.
In 1851, Ironside seconded a council motion to call a public meeting to decide whether a local bill should be applied for that year. The meeting was little-attended, but supported the proposal. The bill claimed for Sheffield a wide range of powers, which would include the absorption of the Church Burgesses and the Town Trustees. These two measures were later dropped in order to minimise Parliamentary opposition. A public meeting was held in December and was dominated by Chartists. They opposed it on the grounds that it did not introduce a universal male franchise for the council, and that it would for the first time impose rates on housing with a rateable value of £7 or less per year. The meeting rejected the bill. Ironside also moved to oppose it, but his change in position alienated both colleagues in favour of it and members who had opposed it from the start.
Later activities
By 1852, the group was sufficiently successful that six of their candidates were elected without opposition, and a further four in contests, giving the group a total of twenty-six councillors. However, not all councillors stuck to the party line, and as a result, a non-Democrat Mayor of Sheffield was elected.
During the 1850s, the Democrats were easily the main opposition on the council. Under their influence, from 1854 to 1857, the council annually voted a petition for parliamentary reform, and also petitioned the monarch on taxation, the Poor Law and county administration. Ironside was the chair of the city's Highways Board from 1852 to 1854, and led a campaign of street paving and laying deep sewers.
Ironside attempted to get Toulmin Smith to stand for the Parliamentary seat of Sheffield at the 1852 general election, but Smith refused. Ironside also became a shareholder in the Sheffield Consumers Gas Company, which engaged in a rivalry with the established Sheffield Gas-Light Company. Disputes over these actions led some former allies to turn against him. In 1853, two former allies organised a campaign against Ironside, and he lost his seat in Ecclesall. He subsequently took a seat in St George's, but in 1854, only two of the nine Democrat candidates were successful, and Ironside again lost his seat.
The Democrats lost influence on the council, but remained influential on the highway and vestry boards. In 1858, they opposed a new bill, sponsored by George Calvert Holland, essentially a more limited version of the 1851 proposal. Ironside's support for former diplomat David Urquhart lost him further support, and by the 1860s, the group was defunct.
References
See also
London Democratic Association
Political parties established in 1846
Politics of Sheffield
1846 establishments in England |
17329496 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Democratic%20Association | Democratic Association | Democratic Association may refer to:
Central Democratic Association
London Democratic Association |
17329502 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vallcarca%20i%20els%20Penitents | Vallcarca i els Penitents | Vallcarca i els Penitents is a neighbourhood in the northernmost part of Gràcia, a district of Barcelona. Locked between two hills, Putget and El Coll, it grew out of a few scattered settlements, namely L'Hostal de la Farigola, Can Falcó, Can Mas and Can Gomis.
The Parish Church, Virgen de Gracia y San José, popularly known as the “Josepets,” is the location of a Traditional Latin Mass, authorised by bishop Reig Casanova in 2021.
Transportation
Barcelona Metro stations Vallcarca and Penitents, both on L3.
See also
Urban planning of Barcelona
Gràcia
Neighbourhoods of Barcelona |
20468103 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kamil%20%C4%8Capkovi%C4%8D | Kamil Čapkovič | Kamil Čapkovič (; born 2 June 1986) is a professional Slovak tennis player. He was born in Michalovce, Slovak Republic.
Career
Čapkovič has spent most of his time on the Futures and Challenger circuits, where he has won several Futures titles.
Singles Titles
References
External links
1986 births
Living people
Slovak male tennis players
People from Michalovce |
17329535 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cook%E2%80%93Bateman%20Farm | Cook–Bateman Farm | The Cook–Bateman Farm is a colonial-era farmstead located at the intersection of Fogland, Puncatest Neck (or Neck) and Pond Bridge Roads in Tiverton, Rhode Island. The property was initially purchased in 1700 and reached its largest size, , in the last 25 years of the 18th century. It currently encompasses of rolling farmland.
The focal point of the farmstead is the 2 1/2 story house,, the oldest portion of which dates to c.1730–48, while the north kitchen was constructed or rebuilt c.1812-20. Both are now covered by the Second Empire high mansard rook, which was added c.1870. Also on the property is a gambrel-roofed frame barn dating from the late 19th or early 20th century; a two-story hip-roofed frame structure which might be the oldest building in the farmstead, possibly a heabily-altered original farm building from c.1700; a "farmers house"; and a number of other smaller outbuildings.
The property, which has evidence of earlier Native American occupation, including arrowheads and stone tools found in the fields, was purchased by John Cook in 1700, and remained in the hands of just two families for more than 200 years, until 1977.
The farm was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1979.
See also
National Register of Historic Places listings in Newport County, Rhode Island
References
External links
Farms on the National Register of Historic Places in Rhode Island
Houses in Newport County, Rhode Island
Buildings and structures in Tiverton, Rhode Island
National Register of Historic Places in Newport County, Rhode Island |
20468105 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yehuda%20Gilad%20%28politician%29 | Yehuda Gilad (politician) | Rabbi Yehuda Gilad (, born 30 August 1955) is a former Israeli politician who served as a member of the Knesset for Meimad between 2002 and 2003.
Biography
Born in Brazil, Gilad's family immigrated to Israel when he was eight. He was certified as a rabbi, and headed a yeshiva. In the early 1990s he worked as an emissary for the Jewish Agency and Bnei Akiva in London, and was a programme director for Gesher, an organisation dedicated to bridging the gap between secular and religious youths.
For the 1999 elections he was placed 33rd on the One Israel list (an alliance of Labor, Meimad and Gesher), but missed out on a seat when the alliance won only 26 seats. In 2002 he became chairman of the Meimad secretariat, and on 5 June 2002, he entered the Knesset as a replacement for Maxim Levy. He lost his seat in the 2003 elections.
He is now a Rosh Yeshivah at Yeshivat Maale Gilboa and the rabbi of Kibbutz Lavi. He frequently writes articles on topical issues related to Israel and Judaism.
References
External links
1955 births
Israeli educators
Living people
Religious Zionist rosh yeshivas
Members of the 15th Knesset (1999–2003)
Meimad politicians
Israeli Orthodox rabbis
Israeli Jews
One Israel politicians
Brazilian emigrants to Israel
Brazilian Jews
Israeli people of Brazilian-Jewish descent
Jewish Israeli politicians
Rabbinic members of the Knesset
Orthodox rabbis
Yeshivat Har Etzion
Israeli politicians
Religious Zionist Orthodox rabbis |
17329548 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Holger%20Nikelis | Holger Nikelis | Holger Nikelis (born 15 January 1978) is a German table tennis player. He won a gold medal in the singles event and a bronze in the team event at the 2004 Summer Paralympics. He has also won other medals and championships in disabled table tennis. He was world number one in his category in September 2013.
References
External links
1978 births
Living people
German male table tennis players
Paralympic table tennis players of Germany
Paralympic gold medalists for Germany
Paralympic bronze medalists for Germany
Paralympic medalists in table tennis
Table tennis players at the 2004 Summer Paralympics
Table tennis players at the 2012 Summer Paralympics
Medalists at the 2004 Summer Paralympics
Medalists at the 2012 Summer Paralympics
Sportspeople from Cologne |
6900536 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ghost%20from%20a%20Perfect%20Place | Ghost from a Perfect Place | Ghost from a Perfect Place is a two act play by Philip Ridley. It was Ridley's third stage play and premiered at the Hampstead Theatre, London on 7 April 1994. The part of Travis Flood was played by the veteran, classical actor John Wood, for which he received general acclaim and was nominated for 'Best Actor' at the 1994 Evening Standard Drama Awards. The production was the third collaboration between Ridley and director Matthew Lloyd, who had directed all of Ridley's previous stage plays and would go on to direct Ridley's next play for adults Vincent River in 2000.
The play is the third and final instalment in Ridley's unofficially titled "East End Gothic Trilogy", having been preceded by The Pitchfork Disney and The Fastest Clock In The Universe.
The play caused a great deal of controversy at its premiere due to a scene where an old East London gangster, played by Wood, is tortured by a gang of girls. The theatre critic of The Guardian, Michael Billington, described the play as "degrading and quasi-pornographic." As with most of Ridley's work, however, the critical response was deeply divided, with Sheridan Morley describing it as "a masterpiece" and John Peter, of The Sunday Times, declaring, "Ridley's work is an acquired taste and it looks like I'm getting it."
The play along with Ridley's The Pitchfork Disney and The Fastest Clock In The Universe grew in reputation years after their initial productions for being seminal works in the development of in-yer-face theatre. The terminology for this theatrical sensibility and style was popularised by Aleks Sierz in his 2001 book In-Yer-Face Theatre: British Drama Today, which also features a section that analyses Ghost from a Perfect Place and its initial reception. Sierz has also cited the play as one of the first to be indirectly called "in-yer-face" by a critic, with Paul Taylor in his review for The Independent describing the girl gang in the play as "the in-yer-face castrating trio".
Characters
Torchie Sparks – Seventy six years old, her leg has been severely damaged for many years as result of a fire which burnt through her flat. She has had to endure many tragic events in her life but maintains a sense of humour about her misfortune. She is very nostalgic towards life in London's East-End during the 1960s which she refers to as “the heydays”.
Travis Flood – Seventy eight years of age. Travis was once a feared gang leader who lived and operated in Bethnal Green during the 1960s. He has been away from London for 25 years but has decided to return to the East-End.
Rio Sparks – Aged twenty-five, she is a prostitute and leader of a girl-gang called ‘The Disciples’. She lives with her grandmother Torchie.
Miss Sulphur - Aged seventeen, she is a member of ‘The Disciples’. She often tries to keep the peace between members of the gang.
Miss Kerosene - Aged twelve, she is the most hot-headed and violent of the three Disciples.
Notable Productions
World Premiere
7 April 1994 at Hampstead Theatre, London.Directed by Matthew Llyod.
Torchie Sparks - Bridget Turner
Travis Flood - John Wood
Rio Sparks - Trevyn McDowell
Miss Sulphur - Rachel Power
Miss Kerosene - Katie Tyrrell
1998 revival (Bolton)
At The Bolton octagon, Greater Manchester.Directed by Lawrence Till.
Torchie Sparks - Ann Rye
Travis Flood - Christopher Wilkinson
Rio Sparks - Stephanie Buttle
Miss Sulphur -
Miss Kerosene -
1999 London revival
19 May 1999 at White Bear Theatre, London.Directed Michael Kingsbury.
Travis Flood - John Aston
Torchie Sparks - Joy Graham
Performer - Sharon Gavin
Performer - Lauretta Gavin
Performer - Mika Simmons
2014 London Revival
11 September 2014 at the Arcola Theatre, London.Directed by Russell Bolam.
Torchie Sparks - Sheila Reid
Travis Flood - Michael Feast
Rio Sparks - Florence Hall
Miss Sulphur - Scarlett Brookes
Miss Kerosene - Rachel Redford
Further reading
Urban, Ken (2007). Ghosts from an Imperfect Place: Philip Ridley's Nostalgia
Allison, Natalie and Sarah Stribley Productions (2014). Ghost from a Perfect Place: Practical Resources Pack.
References
Plays by Philip Ridley
1994 plays
Plays set in London |
20468113 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pratappur%20Paltuwa | Pratappur Paltuwa | Pratappur Paltuwa is a village development committee in Rautahat District in the Narayani Zone of south-eastern Nepal. At the time of the 1991 Nepal census it had a population of 5153 people living in 525 individual households.
References
Populated places in Rautahat District |
17329552 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spanish%20gunboat%20Marques%20del%20Duero | Spanish gunboat Marques del Duero | Marques del Duero was a of the Spanish Navy which fought in the Battle of Manila Bay during the Spanish–American War.
Technical characteristics
Marques del Duero was a first-class gunboat, or "aviso", built by La Seyne in France. She was laid down on 20 January 1875, launched on 3 May 1875, and completed the same year. She was designed to fight against the Carlists in the Mediterranean and the Bay of Biscay during the Third Carlist War, patrolling off Carlist ports to intercept contraband and blockade the ports, and also providing despatch services between Spanish Navy forces operating off various ports, hence her Spanish designation of aviso, meaning "warning." She had an iron hull with a very prominent ram bow, was coal-fired, was rigged as a schooner, and could carry 89 tons of coal. She was reclassified as a third-class gunboat in 1895.
Operational history
The Spanish took delivery of Marques del Duero from her French builders at Marseilles, France. She set out on her first operational deployment from Marseilles on 27 July 1875, heading for San Sebastián Bay in northern Spain for blockade, patrol, and despatch duty. She served there beyond the end of the Third Carlist War on 27 February 1876, finally leaving after Spanish naval forces there began to leave for postwar duties after 5 April 1876.
On 29 July 1876, Marques del Duero departed Spain for the Philippines, where she was based at Zamboanga, assigned to the South Division of the Asiatic Squadron.
On 24 July 1880, Marques del Duero left Philippine waters for courtesy visits to the kings of Siam and Annam at Saigon and Singapore.
On 27 September 1895, Marques del Duero captured several pirate launches manned by Moros in Borneo. She later attacked a group of Moro and Tagalog pirates, killing 18 and wounding 30.
Marques del Duero was the oldest member of Rear Admiral Patricio Montojo de Pasaron's Pacific Squadron at Manila in the Philippine Islands when the Spanish–American War broke out in April 1898. She was anchored with the squadron in Cañacao Bay under the lee of the Cavite Peninsula east of Sangley Point, Luzon, eight miles southwest of Manila, when, early on the morning of 1 May 1898, the United States Navy's Asiatic Squadron under Commodore George Dewey, found Montojo's anchorage and attacked. In the resulting Battle of Manila Bay, the first major engagement of the Spanish–American War, Marques del Duero took one , one , and about three other shell hits, which wrecked her bow gun, a side gun, and an engine. Her crew scuttled her in shallow water; part of her upper works remained above water, and a boarding crew from the gunboat went aboard and set these on fire at the end of battle.
After the war, a U.S. Navy salvage team raised and repaired Marques del Duero. She served briefly in the U.S. Navy as USS P-17, but was decommissioned and scrapped in 1900.
Notes
References
Chesneau, Roger, and Eugene M. Kolesnik, Eds. Conway's All The World's Fighting Ships 1860–1905. New York, New York: Mayflower Books Inc., 1979. .
Nofi, Albert A. The Spanish–American War. Conshohocken, Pennsylvania: Combined Books Inc., 1996. .
External links
The Spanish–American War Centennial Website: Marques del Duero
Gunboats of Spain
Ships of the Spanish Navy
1875 ships
Ships built in France
Spanish–American War gunboats of Spain
Maritime incidents in 1898
Scuttled vessels
Shipwrecks of the Spanish–American War
Shipwrecks in the South China Sea
Shipwrecks of the Philippines |
20468120 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prempur%20Gunahi | Prempur Gunahi | Prempur Gunahi is a village development committee in Rautahat District in the Narayani Zone of south-eastern Nepal. At the time of the 1991 Nepal census it had a population of 5748.
References
Prempur Gonahi
Populated places in Rautahat District |
20468129 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Purainawama | Purainawama | Purainawama is a village development committee in Rautahat District in the Narayani Zone of south-eastern Nepal. At the time of the 1991 Nepal census it had a population of 2401 people living in 443 individual households.
References
Populated places in Rautahat District |
6900555 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vincent%20River%20%28play%29 | Vincent River (play) | Vincent River is a one act stage play by Philip Ridley. It was Ridley's fourth stage play for adults and premiered at the Hampstead Theatre, London on 6 September 2000. The production was the last major collaboration between Ridley and director Mathew Lloyd, who had previously directed the majority of Ridley's other theatrical works.
It is believed that the play in part draws from Ridley's unpublished radio play October Scars the Skin which was broadcast on BBC Radio 4 on 16 January 1989. The story like Vincent River involved a mother of a murdered homosexual who befriends his son's lover and also featured a character called Vincent.
Plot
The story plays out in realtime and is set in a rundown flat in Dagenham.
There a woman called Anita is moving in following the death of Vincent, her son who was killed in a homophobic attack which resulted in her discovering that he was a homosexual in the aftermath of his murder.
In the play we see her interact with Davey, a boy who claims to have been the first to find Vincent's corpse and who wants to know as much as he can about Vincent from Anita.
Notable Stage Productions
On Film
In 2005 Marianne Epin and Cyrille Thouvenin starred in the play at the Théâtre du Marais in Paris, which was also filmed and released as a television movie. It is available on region 2 DVD.
The play has been compared to the 2014 film, Lilting, starring Ben Whishaw, Cheng Pei Pei and Andrew Leung and written and directed by Hong Khaou. The story similar to the play is about a man who approaches the mother of his deceased gay lover to try and connect and understand their loss.
References
Further reading
External links
Interview from 2010 with Philip Ridley for Time Out London about Vincent River and homophobic violence in London
2000 plays
Plays by Philip Ridley
One-act plays
Two-handers
LGBT-related plays
Plays set in London |
20468140 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yehuda%20Gilad | Yehuda Gilad | Yehuda Gilad may refer to:
Yehuda Gilad (musician), American professor of the clarinet
Yehuda Gilad (politician), Israeli rabbi and politician |
23575051 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1922%20Giro%20d%27Italia | 1922 Giro d'Italia | The 1922 Giro d'Italia was the tenth edition of the Giro d'Italia, a Grand Tour organized and sponsored by the newspaper La Gazzetta dello Sport. The race began on 24 May in Milan with a stage that stretched to Padua, finishing back in Milan on 11 June after a stage and a total distance covered of . The race was won by the Italian rider Giovanni Brunero of the Legnano team. Second and third respectively were the Italian riders Bartolomeo Aymo and Giuseppe Enrici.
Participants
Of the 75 riders that began the Giro d'Italia on 24 May, fifteen of them made it to the finish in Milan on 11 June. Riders were allowed to ride on their own or as a member of a team. There were four teams that competed in the race: Bianchi-Salga, Ganna-Dunlop, Legnano-Pirelli, and Maino-Bergougnan.
The peloton was almost completely composed of Italians. The field featured one former Giro d'Italia champion in the 1919 Giro d'Italia winner Costante Girardengo. Other notable Italian riders that started the race included Giovanni Brunero, Bartolomeo Aymo, and Gaetano Belloni.
Final standings
Stage results
General classification
There were fifteen cyclists who had completed all ten stages. For these cyclists, the times they had needed in each stage was added up for the general classification. The cyclist with the least accumulated time was the winner.
Other classifications
There were two other classifications contested at the race. A juniors classification was won Giuseppe Enrici and the isolati classification was won by Domenico Schierano. Each of these classifications were calculated like the general classification.
References
Notes
Citations
1922
Giro d'Italia
Giro d'Italia
Giro d'Italia
Giro d'Italia |
20468143 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raghunathpur%2C%20Rautahat | Raghunathpur, Rautahat | Raghunathpur is a village development committee in Rautahat District in the Narayani Zone of south-eastern Nepal. At the time of the 1991 Nepal census it had a population of 3484 people living in 673 individual households.
References
Populated places in Rautahat District |
44498068 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20A-League%20Men%20highest%20scoring%20games | List of A-League Men highest scoring games | This is a summary of the highest scoring games and biggest winning margins in the A-League since its establishment in the 2005–06 season. The record for the biggest win is Adelaide United's 8–1 victory against North Queensland Fury on 21 January 2011.
Only two games have had ten goals scored in the fourteen seasons of the A-League, both 8–2 results involving Central Coast Mariners. Seven games have had nine goals scored.
Highest scoring games
Biggest winning margin
References
General
Specific
A-League Men records and statistics
A-League Men lists |
17329566 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1995%20NHK%20Trophy | 1995 NHK Trophy | The 1995 NHK Trophy was the final event of five in the 1995–96 ISU Champions Series, a senior-level international invitational competition series. This was the inaugural year of that series. It was held in Nagoya on December 7–10. Medals were awarded in the disciplines of men's singles, ladies' singles, pair skating, and ice dancing. Skaters earned points toward qualifying for the 1995–96 Champions Series Final.
Results
Men
Ladies
Pairs
Ice dancing
External links
1995 NHK Trophy
Nhk Trophy, 1995
NHK Trophy |
6900559 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HMS%20E3 | HMS E3 | HMS E3 was the third E-class submarine to be constructed, built at Barrow by Vickers in 1911-1912. Built with compartmentalisation and endurance not previously achievable, these were the best submarines in the Royal Navy at the start of the First World War. She was sunk in the first ever successful attack on one submarine by another, when she was torpedoed on 18 October 1914 by .
Design
The early British E-class submarines, from E1 to E8, had a displacement of at the surface and while submerged. They had a length overall of and a beam of , and were powered by two Vickers eight-cylinder two-stroke diesel engines and two electric motors. The class had a maximum surface speed of and a submerged speed of , with a fuel capacity of of diesel affording a range of when travelling at , while submerged they had a range of at .
The early 'Group 1' E class boats were armed with four 18 inch (450 mm) torpedo tubes, one in the bow, one either side amidships, and one in the stern; a total of eight torpedoes were carried. Group 1 boats were not fitted with a deck gun during construction, but those involved in the Dardanelles campaign had guns mounted forward of the conning tower while at Malta Dockyard.
E-Class submarines had wireless systems with power ratings; in some submarines, these were later upgraded to systems by removing a midship torpedo tube. Their maximum design depth was although in service some reached depths of below . Some submarines contained Fessenden oscillator systems.
Crew
Her complement was three officers and 28 men.
Service history
When war was declared with Germany on 5 August 1914, E3 was based at Harwich, in the 8th Submarine Flotilla of the Home Fleets.
Loss
E3 sailed from Harwich on 16 October to patrol off Borkum in the North Sea. On 18 October, she spotted some German destroyers ahead but was unable to get into a position to take a shot at them. Unable to pass them, Commander Cholmley retreated into the bay to wait for them to disperse. As he did so, he failed to see that the bay was also occupied by , under Kapitänleutnant Bernd Wegener.
Wegener was surfaced and patrolling between the Ems and Borkum when at 11:25, an object resembling a buoy was spotted where no buoy should be. Suspecting a British submarine, U-27 immediately dived and closed the object. Although 'conned down', the number 83 was clearly visible on the conning tower of the British boat, now identified as such beyond reasonable doubt. Wegener tracked the submarine for two hours until able to approach 'up sun'. He noted that the look-outs were staring intently in the other direction, towards the Ems. When the distance had closed to , a single torpedo was fired by U-27. Detonation followed shortly after, and E3 sank immediately. Survivors were visible in the water but fearing a second British submarine might have been lurking nearby, U-27 dived and withdrew. 30 minutes later, the U-boat returned to the scene to search for evidence and possible survivors but without success. All 31 members of E3s crew were lost.
The Wreck
In 1990, the stern section was snagged by a fishing boat, which in turn alerted divers from Zeester. The wreck of E3 was discovered on 14 October 1994. The stern of E3 had been blown off in the explosion and was found to be completely detached. The stern section— including the stern torpedo chamber — was later raised. The stern hatch was open, but the nature of the explosion indicates that men in the engine room and motor compartments would have died instantly. The motor and engine rooms are fully exposed and have consequently been looted of all removable fittings, including the bell.
The conning tower has been removed by fishing nets and the broken periscope standards are still evident. The conning tower ladder is said to have been donated to the Submarine Museum but is not officially listed within their collections. E3s torpedo loading hatch is open and the bow section is largely intact.
References
External links
A movie about the discovery of the E3 with English subtitles
'Submarine losses 1904 to present day' - Royal Navy Submarine Museum
British E-class submarines of the Royal Navy
Ships built in Barrow-in-Furness
1912 ships
World War I submarines of the United Kingdom
Maritime incidents in October 1914
Ships sunk by German submarines in World War I
World War I shipwrecks in the North Sea
Lost submarines of the United Kingdom
Royal Navy ship names |
17329587 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nucleotide%20universal%20IDentifier | Nucleotide universal IDentifier | The nucleotide universal IDentifier (nuID) is designed to uniquely and globally identify oligonucleotide microarray probes.
Background
Oligonucleotide probes of microarrays that are sequence identical may have different identifiers between manufacturers and even between different versions of the same company's microarray; and sometimes the same identifier is reused and represents a completely different oligonucleotide, resulting in ambiguity and potentially mis-identification of the genes hybridizing to that probe. This also makes data interpretation and integration of different batches of data difficult. nuID was designed to solve these problems. It is a unique, non-degenerate encoding scheme that can be used as a universal representation to identify an oligonucleotide across manufacturers. The design of nuID was inspired by the fact that the raw sequence of the oligonucleotide is the true definition of identity for a probe, the encoding algorithm uniquely and non-degenerately transforms the sequence itself into a compact identifier (a lossless compression). In addition, a redundancy check (checksum) was added to validate the integrity of the identifier. These two steps, encoding plus checksum, result in an nuID, which is a unique, non-degenerate, permanent, robust and efficient representation of the probe sequence. For commercial applications that require the sequence identity to be confidential, encryption schema can also be added for nuID. The utility of nuIDs has been implemented for the annotation of Illumina microarrays, which can be downloaded from Bioconductor website . It also has universal applicability as a source-independent naming convention for oligomers.
The nuID schema has three significant advantages over using the oligo sequence directly as an identifier: first it is more compact due to the base-64 encoding; second, it has a built-in error detection and self-identification; and third, it can be encrypted in cases where the sequences are preferred not to be disclosed. For more details, please refer to the nuID paper. The implementation nuID encoding and decoding algorithms can be found in the lumi package or at
See also
Illumina Inc. and its beadArray technology
lumi Bioconductor package of processing Illumina expression microarray
References
External links
nuID annotation website
Official Lumi Website
Official Bioconductor Website
Microarrays |
23575061 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lyantonde | Lyantonde | Lyantonde is a town in the southern part of the Central Region of Uganda. It is the main municipal, administrative, and commercial center of Lyantonde District.
Location
Lyantonde is approximately , by road, west of Masaka, the nearest large city, on the all-weather Masaka–Mbarara Road. This is approximately , by road, south-west of Kampala, the capital and largest city of Uganda. The coordinates of the town are 0°24'25.0"S, 31°09'27.0"E (Latitude:-0.406944; Longitude:31.157500). Lyantonde Town sits at an average elevation of above mean sea level.
Population
In 2002, the national population census estimated the population of the town to be 7,500. In 2010, the Uganda Bureau of Statistics (UBOS) estimated the population at 8,700. In 2011, UBOS estimated the mid-year population at 8,900. During the national census and household survey of 27 and 28 August 2014, the Uganda Bureau of Statistics (UBOS), enumerated the population of Lyantonde Town at 13,586 people.
In 2015 UBOS estimated the population of the town at 14,100. In 2020, the population agency estimated the mid-year of Lyantonde Town at 16,300. Of these, 8,500 (52.1 percent) were female and 7,800 (47.9 percent) were male. UBOS calculated the growth rate of the town between 2015 until 2020 to average 2.9 percent annually.
Overview
The town lies along the Masaka-Mbarara Road which connects to Kampala, Uganda's capital to the east and Kigali, the capital city of Rwanda to the southwest. Lyantonde serves as a stop-over for long-distance truck drivers plying this route. Although prostitution is illegal in Uganda, prostitutes are readily available in Lyantonde town.
Points of interest
The following points of interest lie within the town limits or near the town edges: (a) The headquarters of Lyantonde District Administration (b)
Lyantonde General Hospital, a 100-bed public hospital administered by the Uganda Ministry of Health (c) Offices of Lyantonde Town Council (d) Lyantonde central market (e) Masaka-Mbarara Road, which passes through the middle of town in a general east/west direction (f) Salaama Vocational Education Centre (SVEC).
See also
List of cities and towns in Uganda
References
External links
Meeting the Truck Stop Prostitutes of Uganda's HIV Capital
Populated places in Central Region, Uganda
Cities in the Great Rift Valley
Lyantonde District |
6900570 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/KTV | KTV | KTV may refer to:
An Asian term for a karaoke box
Medicine
Kt/V, a measure of haemodialysis
Standardized Kt/V, a measure of haemodialysis, different from Kt/V
Television
Broadcasters
Korea TV, Korea
Kansai Telecasting Corporation, Japan
Kent Television, Canterbury, UK
Kohavision, a Kosovo TV station
KTV Ltd., Falkland Islands
Kurdistan TV, Iraq
Kuwait TV
Channels
KTV (India), Tamil-language
Kids & Teens TV, Florida, USA
K-T.V. or Kids TV, South Africa
Programs
Karaoke Television, Belize music competition
Organisations
Municipal Workers' Union, a former Finnish trade union
See also
K (disambiguation)
KT (disambiguation)
Karaoke (disambiguation) |
6900583 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20East%20Carolinian | The East Carolinian | The East Carolinian is the campus newspaper of East Carolina University in Greenville, North Carolina, United States, and is entirely student-run. The East Carolinian dates back to 1925. The ECU Student Media Board "provides oversight and direction to the student newspaper" The newspaper has a circulation of 9,000 copies per issue in the Spring and Fall semesters and 5,000 copies per issue in the Summer. The newspaper comes out on Tuesdays and Thursdays in the Spring and Fall and on Wednesdays in the Summer.
Operations
The East Carolinian publishes one issues per week in the Fall and Spring semesters and continues publications during the Summer. The newspaper is printed by Cooke Communications North Carolina, LLC in Greenville, NC.
References
External links
The East Carolinian official website
1925 establishments in North Carolina
Publications established in 1925
East Carolina University
Greenville, North Carolina
Student newspapers published in North Carolina
Weekly newspapers published in North Carolina |
23575087 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beware%20of%20the%20Dog%20%28short%20story%29 | Beware of the Dog (short story) | "Beware of the Dog" is a 1944 World War II story by Roald Dahl which was originally published in Harper's Magazine and later appeared in his Over to You collection. Its basic plot was adapted into the 1965 movie 36 Hours, starring James Garner and Rod Taylor, and the TV movie Breaking Point in 1989.
Story
RAF pilot Peter Williamson sustains a serious injury (the loss of a leg from a cannon shell) while flying a mission over German-controlled Vichy France. He bails out of his plane and later awakes to find himself in a hospital bed in Brighton, on the English coast. As he recovers, strange things keep happening, such as hearing the sound of German warplanes through the window when none would have been nearby. The nurse also mentions that the hospital water is very hard, when Williamson knows the water in Brighton is famous for being soft.
Suspicious and frightened, Williamson drags himself to the window and sees a wooden sign, "GARDE AU CHIEN" (French for “Beware of the Dog”). He now knows that he is actually in Vichy France, and that the English caregivers are Germans in disguise. When they send in a fake RAF commander to convince him to divulge his squadron's location, he stares him straight in the eye and says nothing more than "My name is Peter Williamson. My rank is Squadron Leader and my number is nine, seven, two, four, five, seven."
References
1944 short stories
Prisoners of war in popular culture
Short stories adapted into films
Short stories by Roald Dahl
Works originally published in Harper's Magazine
World War II short stories |
23575096 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fire%20Stations%20of%20Oahu | Fire Stations of Oahu | The Honolulu Fire Department (HFD) operates their 44 Fire Stations on the Island of Oahu, and in and around Honolulu. Seven current or former stations are on the National Register of Historic Places, of which five are still in use today as fire stations.
By the 1920s, the accepted style for most public architecture in Honolulu, Hawaii, was Spanish Mission Revival or, more broadly, Mediterranean Revival. Five fire stations built on Oahu between 1924 and 1932 illustrate this stylistic congruence, despite being designed by three different architects. The prototype for all five appears to have been Palama Fire Station, built in 1901 and designed by Oliver G. Traphagen. Honolulu's Central Fire Station, remodeled in 1934, is larger but somewhat similar in style, although with Art Deco embellishments. All seven buildings were added to the National Register of Historic Places on 2 December 1980, even though Palama Fire Station had been added separately on 21 April 1976.
All seven fire stations are box-shaped, two-story structures, with engine bays on the ground floor and dormitories upstairs. All have drying towers, which were required for the cloth-covered rubber hoses of the era in which they were built, but which also serve as visual landmarks and decorative elements. The buildings are all of sturdy masonry, with white stucco walls and tiled roofs, in a Mediterranean style. The Waikiki Fire Station on Kapahulu Avenue followed a similar model when it was built in 1927, but it was extensively remodeled in 1963 to fit an evolving Hawaiian rather than Mediterranean style, so it was excluded from the National Register application.
History
In 1901, just after the devastating Chinatown fire of 1900, the city of Honolulu had three fire stations. The Central Fire Station at that time was a lava-rock building of two-and-a-half stories designed in 1896 by Clinton Briggs Ripley and C.W. Dickey in the Richardsonian Romanesque style that dominated the downtown area at that time. The Makiki Fire Station was a two-story wooden building designed by Ripley and Dickey in 1899. At the time he relocated to Honolulu in 1897, Oliver G. Traphagen had already designed many public buildings in Duluth, Minnesota. During the turn-of-the-century building boom after annexation, he soon became one of the busiest architects in the Territory. When he was commissioned to design the Palama Fire Station in 1901, he gave it a Mediterranean look very different from that of the Romanesque Kakaako Pumping Station he had designed the previous year.
However, the building boom faded soon afterward. Dickey relocated to Oakland, California in 1905, and Traphagen followed in 1907, after the 1906 San Francisco earthquake. The opening of the Panama Canal in 1914 set the stage for another building boom, as both tourism and migration helped fuel rapid growth during the 1920s. Many nationally known architects opened offices in the islands, and their designs often reflected a California regional style heavily influenced by the work of Bertram Goodhue at the 1915 Panama-California Exposition in San Diego. Dickey reopened an office in Honolulu in 1920 and moved back to the islands in 1925. The new fire stations of the 1920s and 1930s more closely reflected California regional styles than did Traphagen's prototype in 1901.
A new Central Fire Station was built in 1934, and is listed on the National Register of Historic Places.
Gallery
Notes
References
Neil, J. Meredith (1975). "The Architecture of C.W. Dickey in Hawai‘i." Hawaiian Journal of History 9:101-113.
Penkiunas, Daina Julia (1990). American Regional Architecture in Hawaii: Honolulu, 1915–1935. Ph.D. dissertation, University of Virginia. (Published by UMI, Ann Arbor, in 1993.)
Report of the Governor of the Territory of Hawaii to the Secretary of the Interior (1901). Washington: Government Printing Office.
External links
Government buildings on the National Register of Historic Places in Hawaii
Hawaiian architecture
History of Oahu
Fire stations in Hawaii
Buildings and structures in Honolulu
Historic American Buildings Survey in Hawaii
National Register of Historic Places in Honolulu |
6900585 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Queen%20Mother%20Moore | Queen Mother Moore | Queen Mother Moore (born Audley Moore; July 27, 1898 – May 2, 1997) was an African-American civil rights leader and a black nationalist who was friends with such civil rights leaders as Marcus Garvey, Nelson Mandela, Winnie Mandela, Rosa Parks, and Jesse Jackson. She was a figure in the American Civil Rights Movement and a founder of the Republic of New Afrika. Dr. Delois Blakely was her assistant for 20 years. Blakely was later enstooled in Ghana as a Nana (Queen Mother).
Biography
She was born Audley Moore in New Iberia, Louisiana, to Ella and St. Cyr Moore on July 27, 1898. Both her parents died before she completed the fourth grade, her mother Ella Johnson dying in 1904 when Audley was six. Her grandmother, Nora Henry, had been enslaved at birth, the daughter of an African woman who was raped by her enslaver, who was a doctor. Audley Moore's grandfather was lynched, leaving her grandmother with five children with Moore's mother as the youngest. Moore became a hairdresser at the age of 15.
Moore later had an adopted son, Thomas O. Warner.
After viewing a speech by Marcus Garvey, Moore moved to Harlem, New York, and later became a leader and life member of the UNIA, founded in 1914 by Marcus Garvey. She participated in Garvey's first international convention in New York City and was a stock owner in the Black Star Line. Along with becoming a leading figure in the Civil Rights Movement, Moore worked for a variety of causes for over 60 years. Her last public appearance was at the Million Man March alongside Jesse Jackson during October 1995.
Moore was the founder and president of the Universal Association of Ethiopian Women as well as the founder of the Committee for Reparations for Descendants of U.S. Slaves. She was a founding member of the Republic of New Afrika to fight for self-determination, land, and reparations.
In 1964, Moore founded the Eloise Moore College of African Studies, Mt. Addis Ababa in Parksville, New York. The college was destroyed by fire in the late 1970s.
For most of the 1950s and 1960s, Moore was the best-known advocate of African-American reparations. Operating out of Harlem and her organization, the Universal Association of Ethiopian Women, Moore actively promoted reparations from 1950 until her death.
Although raised Catholic, Moore disaffiliated during the Second Italo-Ethiopian War, during which Moore felt Pope Pius XII took improper actions in supporting the Italian army. She later became bishop of the Apostolic Orthodox Church of Judea. She was also a founding member of the Commission to Eliminate Racism, Council of Churches of Greater New York. In organizing this commission, she staged a 24-hour sit-in for three weeks.
She was also a co-founder of the African American Cultural Foundation, Inc., which led the fight against usage of the slave term "Negro".
In 1957, Moore presented a petition to the United Nations and a second in 1959, arguing for self-determination, against genocide, for land and reparations, making her an international advocate. Interviewed by E. Menelik Pinto, Moore explained the petition, in which she asked for 200 billion dollars to monetarily compensate for 400 years of slavery. The petition also called for compensations to be given to African Americans who wish to return to Africa and those who wish to remain in America. Queen Mother Moore was the first signer of the New African agreement
Taking the first of many trips to Africa in 1972, she was given the chieftaincy title "Queen Mother" by members of the Ashanti people in Ghana, an honorific which became her informal name in the United States.
In 1990, Blakely took her to meet Nelson Mandela after his release from prison in South Africa, at the residence of President Kenneth Kaunda in Lusaka, Zambia. In 1996 Blakely assisted Moore in enstooling Winnie Mandela in the presence of the Ausar Auset Society International at the Lowes Victoria Theater (New York City) 5 at 125th Street, Harlem.
The first African American Chairman of the DNC (Democratic National Committee) and U.S. Secretary of Commerce Ron Brown (U.S. politician), U.S. Congressman Charles Rangel, NYC Mayor David Dinkins and U.S. Presidential Candidate Jesse Jackson honored, supported, acknowledged, respected and insured the well-being of Moore as a Royal Elder in the Harlem community.
Sonia Sanchez, voice of the liberation struggle of a people was a God-daughter adored by Moore.
Queen Mother Moore died in a Brooklyn nursing home from natural causes at the age of 98.
References
Further reading
External links
"'Queen Mother’ Moore; black nationalist leader".
"Queen Mother" Moore, Black History Pages.
'Queen Mother' Moore talks about seeing Marcus Garvey and being in the UNIA in this radio documentary.
1898 births
1997 deaths
Activists for African-American civil rights
People from New Iberia, Louisiana
American Black separatist activists
American civil rights activists
Women civil rights activists
20th-century African-American activists
20th-century African-American women
American women activists
Activists from Louisiana
American reparationists
African-American Catholics |
6900591 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CrazyShow | CrazyShow | CrazyShow is a limited-edition (2500 copies) four-CD album by Alphaville, composed of new material as well
as rare and remixed tracks, and three cover versions ("Do the Strand" by Roxy Music, "Something" by George Harrison", and "Diamonds Are Forever" by Don Black and John Barry). It's considered to be a sequel to the eight-CD album Dreamscapes, and as such the discs are numbered from 9 to 12.
Between October 2000 and October 2001, Alphaville released – free of charge – an average of one track per month on their official website. All of those tracks ended up on CrazyShow, though some were remixed. The internet releases were: "Scum of the Earth", "MoonGirl", "MoonBoy", "See Me Thru", "Those Wonderful Things", "And as for Love", "Upside Down", "Parallel Girlz (Cloud Nine)",
"Shadows She Said (Omerta)", "First Monday (in the year 3000)", "(Waiting for the) New Light", "Miracle Healing", "Zoo" and "On the Beach".
A single CD promotional version of the set called CrazyShow Excerpts was also released.
Track listing
All tracks by Rainer Bloss and Marian Gold except where noted.
CD 9 – The Terrible Truth About Paradise
"State of Dreams" (Bloss, Stephan Duffy, Gold) – 6:32
"Ship of Fools" – 4:35
"Zoo" (Bloss, Mark Ferrigno, Gold) – 5:54
"See Me Thru" – 3:48
"Upside Down" – 5:09
"And as for Love" – 4:10
"Girl From Pachacamac" (Gold, Martin Lister) – 4:10
"Carry Your Flag" – 5:43
"MoonGirl" – 5:07
"Return to Paradise Part 2" – 7:44
"Those Wonderful Things" (Blankleder, Bloss, Gold, Montrucchio) – 5:17
"On the Beach" – 10:26
CD 10 – Last Summer on Earth
"Wonderboy" – 3:37
"Hurricane" – 5:57
"Do the Strand" (Bryan Ferry) – 5:15
"Still Falls the Rain" (Janey Diamond, Gold, Lister) – 4:24
"Ways" (Gold, Lister) – 5:56
"The II Girlz" (Bloss, Gold, Gurkin) – 4:55
"Heartbreaker" (Bloss, Gold, Lister) – 2:05
"Waiting 4 the Nu Lite" – 6:47
"Shadows She Said" – 4:33
"CrazyShow" (Gold, Klaus Schulze) – 9:01
"MoonBoy (Thank You)" – 4:59
"Miracle Healing" – 4:59
CD 11 – Stranger Than Dreams
"Stranger than Dreams" – 3:48
"Giants" (Ricky Echolette, Gold, Bernhard Lloyd) – 4:05
"Wish You Were Dead/Wishful Thinking" (Echolette, Gold, Lloyd) – 4:34
"About a Heart" (Gold, Lister) – 4:42
"For the Sake of Love" – 3:51
"Sounds Like a Melody (MaXx Mystery's 80's Remix)" (Gold, Bernhard Lloyd, Frank Mertens) – 4:20
"Something" (George Harrison) – 3:56
"Because of U" – 4:30
"Inside Out (ThouShaltNot Remix)" (Echolette, Gold, Lloyd) – 4:25
"The Opium Den" (Gold, Schulze) – 6:51
"Last Summer on Earth" – 4:44
"Diamonds are 4 Eva" (John Barry, Don Black) – 3:13
CD 12 – WebSiteStory
"Return to Paradise Part 1" – 3:04
"State of Dreams" – 4:23
"Scum of the Earth" – 3:34
"Upside Down" – 5:54
"Shadows She Said" – 4:30
"First Monday in the Y3K" – 3:04
"MoonGirl" – 4:32
"Waiting 4 the Nu Lite" – 4:19
"Those Wonderful Things" (Blankleder, Bloss, Gold, Montrucchio) – 4:52
"C Me Thru" – 3:32
"MoonBoy" – 4:19
"Miracle Healing" – 21:22
Personnel
Alphaville – Producer
Gabi Becker – Vocals
Rainer Bloss – Synthesizer, Arranger, Keyboards, Computers, Mixing
Aaron Fuleki – Producer, Remixing
Marian Gold – Arranger, Singer, Producer, Mixing
Dirk Grobelny – Photography, Concept
Martin Lister – Synthesizer, Arranger, Keyboards, Computers, Mixing, Drawing
Christian Marsac – Guitar (Acoustic), Guitar, Producer
Frank McDonald – Guitar
Rudy Nielson – Guitar, E-Bow
Alex Reed – Voices, Multi Instruments, Producer, Remixing
Klaus Schulze – Arranger, Producer, Mixing, Instrumentation
The Nelson Highrise Sectors
The song "Scum of the Earth" is also referred to as "The Nelson Highrise Sector Four: The Scum of the Earth." This is the fourth of 4 songs that Alphaville have designated a "Nelson Highrise Sector:"
The Nelson Highrise Sector 1 is "The Elevator," the B-side to 1984's single, "Sounds Like a Melody"
The Nelson Highrise Sector 2 is "The Other Side of U," the B-side to 1986's single "Dance With Me"
The Nelson Highrise Sector 3 is "The Garage," the B-side to 1986's singles, "Jerusalem" and "Sensations"
2003 albums
Alphaville (band) albums |
6900596 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brokedown%20Palace%20%28disambiguation%29 | Brokedown Palace (disambiguation) | Brokedown Palace is a 1999 American drama film by Jonathan Kaplan.
Brokedown Palace may also refer to:
Brokedown Palace (novel), a novel by Steven Brust
Brokedown Palace: Music from the Original Motion Picture Soundtrack
"Brokedown Palace", a song by the Grateful Dead from American Beauty |
6900598 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nessos%20Painter | Nessos Painter | The Nessos Painter, also known as Netos or Nettos Painter, was a pioneer of Attic black-figure vase painting. He is considered to be the first Athenian to adopt the Corinthian style who went on to develop his own style and introduced innovations. The Nessos Painter is often known to be one of the original painters of black-figure. He only worked in this style, which is shown on his name vase in the National Archaeological Museum in Athens. Most of the known Nessos Painter ceramics were found in funerary settings such as cemeteries and mortuaries.
Name vase
On the neck of an amphora in the National Archaeological Museum of Athens, the painter depicted Nessos fighting Heracles. The figure is also marked with the name 'Netos', the Attic dialect form of the name Nessos. John D. Beazley, the authority on Attic vase painting, attributed the name 'The Nessos Painter' to this artist. Later, after new finds in Athens and in a cemetery outside the city, paintings of chimera were identified with this painter and Beazley subsequently tried to use the name 'Chimera Painter,' but it failed to find general acceptance. Although many Greek sculptors signed their work on sculpted friezes, pot painters did not often sign their work, remaining unknown until historians such as Beazley produced modern names.
Style and themes
Many of the artist's known works feature characters from Greek myths and legends. On the neck of a Middle Protoattic vase from the 7th century BCE, located in National Archaeological Museum of Athens, the painter depicted Nessos fighting Heracles. In this depiction Heracles is moving from left to right, opposite the direction that a victor would take, prompting the belief that most of the Nessos Painter vessels are found in funerary settings. The painter's early works are reminiscent of the proto-Corinthianstyle, using space-filling ornamentation like that of the Berlin Painter. The 'Nessos' vase shows the artist establishing a style distinct from the Corinthian style, which at this stage (late 7th century BCE) was marked by clear clay fields and contour drawing. The ornamentation and contour drawing was the critical distinction of the new black-figure style. Most of his work falls in the last quarter of the 7th century, during the transition from the proto-Corinthian to Corinthian. During this time he did not completely abandon contour drawing, but by using two or more etched lines he introduced a new sharpness and suggestion of form - most particularly with curls, feathers and spring designs.
The Nessos Painter also utilized the black-figure style along with artists such as Exekias, and Sophilos. This style may have contributed towards Athenian realism. Black-figure style originated in Corinth, but became very popular among Athenians. Athenian realism may also have begun with black-figure painting. The painting on the Nessos Painter's name vase uses emotions portrayed through the story of Heracles killing Nessos.
According to Martin Robertson, The Nessos Painter is considered by historians to be the essential link between classical Attic vase painting and the new Corinthian style, which uses animal motifs and mythological figures and scenes. It is sparing in its use of white opaque, but often uses red pigment to intensify the red color of the clay. It is theorized by John Boardman that Egyptian figure painting may have influenced the Nessos Painter and his contemporaries, as the Egyptians used white to signify that a face belonged to a female and red to indicate that it belonged to a male. H.H. Scullard argues that Greece did not produce black-figure pottery, contributing to the demand of imported vessels in a style that has become popular among citizens that have traveled to Athens. Neither was Greece known for producing pottery that focused on religious subject matter, making Athens and artists such as the Nessos Painter even more popular among foreign travelers.
Myths of Heracles originated with the Etruscans who were fascinated by the demigod and stories of his travels to the underworld and ascent to Mount Olympus to live with the gods after his death. The myth portrayed on the vessel shows Heracles trying to rescue Deianira from the centaur Nessos whom he shoots with his arrow. The story involves Deianira and Heracles summoning the centaur Nessos to cross the river Evenus in order to escape Oineus who was upset about his murdered nephew. Heracles crosses the river first, leaving Deianira with Nessos who attempts to rape her. Heracles, being so far away can only use his bow and arrow to shoot Nessos. While Nessos lays dying, he offers Deianira some of his blood to use as a love potion for Heracles. Unbeknownst to her, his blood is poisonous. Eventually, Deianira, jealous of Heracles's many sexual conquests, smears Nessos's blood on Heracles's cloak, burning his skin, driving him mad, and killing him. The vessel also has a depiction of Deianira riding away in a chariot with four horses, a scene that occurs after Heracles has saved Deianira and returns to strike the centaur once more to make sure he is dead. This myth was so popular with the Etruscans that they ended up purchasing many vessels depicting the scene.
Another distinctive feature of the Nessos Painter was the scale of some of his work, which reached over a meter in height.
Examples of work
In the name vase amphora depicting Nessos fighting Heracles, the painter utilizes iconography such as a depiction of Heracles with a mustache. This differs from artwork that typically shows Heracles with a beard and his usual attire of a lion skin cloak and lion mask. The names of both Nessos and Heracles are written above them, indicating that either the artist or someone in his workshop was literate. The rest of the scenery features symbols typical for late rosettes. Scholars have noted that the scene may have been depicted under water due to symbols featured above the image - ducks, zig zags, and spirals. The vase's artwork puts an emphasis on Heracles and does not feature Deianira in the center, something that historians such as R.M. Linders believed was done to emphasize Heracles slaying the centaur Nessos. Another rare example of his works would include Attic black-figure Neck Amphora Fragment, discovered in Attica, Greece in about 620 BCE.
References
7th-century BC deaths
Ancient Greek vase painters
Anonymous artists of antiquity
People from Attica
Year of birth unknown |
23575126 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New%20Exchequer%20Dam | New Exchequer Dam | New Exchequer Dam is a concrete–faced, rock-fill dam on the Merced River in central California in the United States. It forms Lake McClure, which impounds the river for irrigation and hydroelectric power production and has a capacity of more than . The Merced Irrigation District (MID) operates the dam and was also responsible for its construction.
Built between 1964 and 1967, the dam replaced the old arch type Exchequer Dam and stands high. At the time of completion, it was the largest dam of its kind in the world. The dam is named for the town of Exchequer which now lies under the reservoir, while the reservoir is named for Wilbur F. McClure, the State Engineer of California during construction.
History
In 1926, after five years of planning and construction, MID completed the Exchequer or "Great Exchequer" Dam across the Merced River six miles (9.7 km) above the town of Merced Falls. The dam was a concrete gravity–arch structure high, holding a lake with a capacity of of water. Although the dam was to serve primarily for irrigation, power production began ceremoniously on June 23, 1926 with a press of a telegraph key by President Calvin Coolidge, starting the turbines at a 31 megawatt hydroelectric plant.
By the 1950s, it became apparent that the limited storage capacity at Exchequer was no longer enough to serve the needs of farmers in the Merced River valley. A high dam was proposed to be built just downstream, creating a reservoir nearly four times the size of Exchequer.
Construction of New Exchequer Dam began on July 8, 1964, directly downstream from the old concrete arch dam. Tudor Engineering Company of San Francisco was responsible for the design of the new dam. The dam wall was constructed in vertical zones, which consisted of compacted, alternating layers of coarse and fine material ranging in thickness from . The old Exchequer Dam was incorporated as an upstream toe to help support the rock-fill embankment, which was then armored with a layer of reinforced concrete. The dam was topped out in early 1967 and the power plant went into commercial operation by July.
As the new reservoir filled, it inundated an additional of the Merced River canyon and buried sections of the historic Yosemite Valley Railroad and the mining town of Bagby under of water. New Exchequer was among the first high concrete–faced rock-fill dams in the world, and its untested design resulted in significant leakage, sometimes up to . MID began to repair the leaks in the fall of 1985 under orders from the California Division of Safety of Dams.
The dam has been able to halt major floods in many instances, such as the New Year's Day Flood of 1997. However, it has not always been able to weather the worst droughts – such as in 1977, when the reservoir fell to just , a fourteenth of capacity, and in 1991, which saw historic low water levels of . In February 2015, the reservoir reached its lowest level on record, at or less than 7 percent of total capacity, due to three years of persistent drought.
Dimensions and usage
New Exchequer Dam stands high from the foundations and above the Merced River. The dam is long, wide at the crest, wide at the base and is composed of of fill. High water releases are controlled by an ogee-type, gated overflow spillway located about north of the dam. The dam's power station has a capacity of 94.5 megawatts and generates about 316 million kilowatt hours annually.
The reservoir has a storage capacity of , of which is reserved for flood control. At full pool, the reservoir has an elevation of , with of water and of shoreline. To fulfill downstream flood control requirements, the reservoir will only be allowed to rise into the flood-control pool if the flow downstream at Stevinson is forecast to exceed .
MID has proposed raising the spillway gates of the dam, which would provide up to of additional storage. However, this has met with controversy because it would result in part-time flooding of a portion of the Merced River designated Wild and Scenic. Opponents also point out that the raise is unnecessary, since the reservoir has never overflowed due to flooding since its completion in the mid-1960s.
Lake McClure is also extensively developed for recreational activities, with 515 campsites, four boat ramps and two marinas. In 1992, the lake received 606,000 visitor-days, mostly from May to September.
See also
List of dams and reservoirs in California
List of largest reservoirs of California
List of power stations in California
List of reservoirs and dams in California
List of the tallest dams in the United States
Water in California
References
External links
Photos of original Exchequer Dam
Dams in California
Dams in the San Joaquin River basin
Merced River
Buildings and structures in Mariposa County, California
United States local public utility dams
Concrete-face rock-fill dams
Dams completed in 1967
1967 establishments in California
Hydroelectric power plants in California |
44498069 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael%20Coghlan | Michael Coghlan | Michael Coghlan (born 15 January 1985) is an English footballer who plays for Northern League club Washington.
A midfielder, Coghlan played in the Football League for Darlington and in non-league football for numerous clubs in the north-east of England.
Football career
Sunderland-born Coghlan began his football career with Darlington. As a 16-year-old, he was playing for their reserve team, and was included in the travelling squad, though not among the matchday 16, for Darlington's League Cup visit to Wolverhampton Wanderers in September 2003. A week later, he was an unused substitute for the Third Division match at home to Southend United, and on 11 October, as a member of "one of the youngest and smallest squads in the Third Division"Coghlan himself had been dubbed "pint-sized"he made his debut in the Football League. He entered the match as a second-half substitute with his team already two goals down at home to Bristol Rovers; it finished as a 4–0 defeat. In the Football League Trophy, against a Hull City side with eleven changes from their previous league match, Coghlan's "low, fierce shot" was blocked, rebounding to Mark Sheeran who scored to reduce Hull's lead to 2–1, but Darlington were eliminated.
He played twice more in the league in December, before joining Northern Premier League club Harrogate Town on loan in March 2004. The manager thought he "maybe struggled with the pace of the game" in his first appearance, in a defeat at Alfreton Town, and he was back with Darlington a few days later. He played regularly for the reserves in 2004–05according to his 2004 profile on the club's website, he had "shown he is a good passer of the ball with plenty to offer in midfield"but in November was one of seven players with contracts due to expire at the end of the season whom manager David Hodgson listed for transfer or loan and told to prove their worth to the club. After spending time with Bishop Auckland, another Northern Premier League club, on loan, Coghlan finished the season with Darlington's reserves, and was released when his contract expired.
He then went on a tour of non-league football in the north-east of England, playing for clubs including Ryhope CA, Durham City, Crook Town, another spell at Bishop Auckland, Sunderland RCA, Jarrow Roofing, Chester-le-Street Town, Seaham Red Star, and most recently Washington.
He also captained Humbledon Plains Farm, a Sunderland-based team, to victory in the 2014 FA Sunday Cup.
References
External links
1985 births
Living people
Footballers from Sunderland
English footballers
Association football midfielders
Darlington F.C. players
Harrogate Town A.F.C. players
Bishop Auckland F.C. players
Sunderland Ryhope Community Association F.C. players
Durham City A.F.C. players
Crook Town A.F.C. players
Jarrow Roofing Boldon Community Association F.C. players
Chester-le-Street Town F.C. players
Seaham Red Star F.C. players
Washington F.C. players
English Football League players
Northern Premier League players
Northern Football League players |
6900605 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeanvion%20Yulu-Matondo | Jeanvion Yulu-Matondo | Jeanvion Yulu-Matondo (born 5 January 1986) is a Belgian footballer with Congolese roots who last played for Romanian club Oțelul Galați as a striker.
Career
Youth career
Yulu-Matondo started his career at the small team of R. Ans F.C. but was discovered by Jupiler League team R.E. Mouscron where he joined the youth team. He developed further with Club Brugge, where he has successfully managed the step from the youth team to the first team.
Club Brugge K.V.
After four years in the youth team, Yulu-Matondo started playing for the first team of Club Brugge in 2005. He scored a goal for Club Brugge in the UEFA Champions League against Juventus.
Roda JC
In the summer of 2007, he moved from Club Brugge to Roda JC.
Levski Sofia
On 30 January 2011, it was announced that Levski Sofia had signed Yulu-Matondo.
K.V.C. Westerlo
On 8 September 2011, he returned to near Belgium, joining K.V.C. Westerlo and signing a one-year contract.
Bury FC
On 11 February 2013, Jeanvion Yulu-Matondo signed for then League 1 outfit Bury FC on non-contract terms after a three-week trial. But after playing in a reserve game against Bolton Wanderers, he was let go by manager Kevin Blackwell.
Honours
Club Brugge
Belgian Cup: 2006–07
References
External links
Belgium stats at Belgian FA
Profile at LevskiSofia.info
1986 births
Living people
Footballers from Kinshasa
Belgian footballers
Belgium youth international footballers
Democratic Republic of the Congo footballers
Belgian people of Democratic Republic of the Congo descent
Democratic Republic of the Congo emigrants to Belgium
Club Brugge KV players
Roda JC Kerkrade players
Bury F.C. players
PFC Levski Sofia players
K.V.C. Westerlo players
ASC Oțelul Galați players
Belgian First Division A players
Eredivisie players
First Professional Football League (Bulgaria) players
Liga I players
Belgian expatriate footballers
Belgian expatriate sportspeople in Bulgaria
Belgian expatriate sportspeople in England
Belgian expatriate sportspeople in the Netherlands
Belgian expatriate sportspeople in Romania
Expatriate footballers in Bulgaria
Expatriate footballers in Egypt
Expatriate footballers in England
Expatriate footballers in the Netherlands
Expatriate footballers in Romania
Association football forwards |
23575135 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St.%20Olaf%27s%20Church | St. Olaf's Church | St. Olaf's Church, or variants thereof, refers to churches dedicated to Olaf II of Norway, and may refer to:
Denmark
St. Olaf's Church, Helsingør, ()
Sankt Ols Kirke, Bornholm
Faroe Islands
Saint Olav's Church, Kirkjubøur
Estonia
St. Olaf's Church, Tallinn ()
St. Olaf's Church, Nõva ()
St. Olaf's Church, Vormsi ()
St. Olaf's Church ruins, Väike-Pakri ()
St. Olaf's Chapel ruins in Suur-Pakri ()
Finland
St. Olaf's Church, Jomala, Åland Islands ()
St. Olaf's Church, Jyväskylä ()
St. Olaf's Church, Tyrvää, Sastamala ()
St. Olaf's Church, Ulvila ()
Norway
St. Olaf's Church, Balestrand
Russia
Saint Olaf's Church in Novgorod
United Kingdom
St Olaf's Church, Poughill, Bude, Cornwall
St Olaf's Church, Wasdale, Cumbria
St Olaf's Church (Balliasta), Unst, Shetland
St Olaf's Church (Cruden), Cruden, Scotland
St Olaf's Church (Lunda Wick), Unst, Shetland
St Olaf's Church (Voe), Shetland Mainland
United States
St. Olaf Kirke, a historical Lutheran church located near Cranfills Gap, Texas |
6900608 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20festivals%20in%20Lethbridge | List of festivals in Lethbridge | The following is a list of festivals and cultural events in Lethbridge, a city in the province of Alberta, Canada. This list includes festivals of diverse types, including regional festivals, commerce festivals, fairs, food festivals, arts festivals, religious festivals, folk festivals, and recurring festivals on holidays.
Festivals by season
Winter
Family Fest (December 31)
Carnevale di Masque (January)
Figure Skating Carnival (February)
Winterfest (February)
Spring
Spring Nature Fest (March)
Kiwanis Music Festival (April)
Lethbridge International Film Festival (April)
Summer
Nature Play Day (June)
Nishikaze Anime Festival (June)
Multicultural Day (last Friday in June)
SOAR Emerging Artists Festival (June)
Centric MusicFest (July)
Street Wheelers (July)
Lethbridge Dragon Boat Festival (July)
Heritage Day (first Monday in August)
Whoop-Up Days (August)
Lethbridge Electronic Music Festival (August)
Alberta International Air Show (August)
Autumn
Love & Records (September)
Lethbridge Arts Days (September/October)
Word on the Street Festival (September)
Bright Lights Festival (November)
See also
List of festivals in Alberta
List of festivals in Canada
References
External links
Official city site - Lethbridge events
and
Festivals
Lethrbridge |
23575145 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/House%20of%20Peace%20Synagogue | House of Peace Synagogue | The House of Peace Synagogue is a former synagogue of the Beth Shalom Congregation in Columbia, South Carolina. It was originally located at 1318 Park Street. After the congregation moved in the 1935, the building was used for the Big Apple Club, which was an African-American night club. It was named to the National Register of Historic Places on August 28, 1979. In the early 1980s, the building was moved to its present location at the southeast corner of Hampton and Park Streets. In 1993, it was purchased by the Historic Columbia Foundation and is called the Big Apple.
History
The first Jewish congregation in Columbia, Sharit Israel, met on Assembly Street. Their building was destroyed in the burning of Columbia in the Civil War. The Jewish community diminished after the war until Eastern European immigrants arrived later in the century. In 1896, the Reform Tree of Life synagogue was built. Because of religious differences, the Orthodox Jews in Columbia separated. In 1907, the Orthodox minyan met at a house at Park and Lady Streets that served as their first synagogue. They received a state charter in 1912. This first synagogue was destroyed in a fire in 1915. The new synagogue was built at the site. By the late 1920s, they had outgrown this facility. They moved to their third synagogue on 1719 Marion Street in early 1935. The congregation's synagogue is now at 5827 North Trenholm Road.
The second synagogue on Park Street was then used for the African-American night club called the Big Apple Club. At the club, a dance craze, which was named the Big Apple, was popularized. Students from the University of South Carolina, who paid to watch from a balcony, learned the dance steps. Some of these students took the dance to the Roxy Club in New York in 1937. From there, the dance was briefly popular across the country.
After its use as a night club, the building was used by various commercial establishments. At the time of the preparation of the National Register of Historic Places nomination, it was used by a heating and air conditioning company. In the early 1980s, it was moved nearly two blocks to the corner of Hampton and Park Streets. In 1993, it was purchased by the Historic Columbia Foundation. It has been restored and is available for rental for special occasions.
Architecture
The Big Apple building is two-story, wooden building with a metal gabled roof. At its Park Street site, it was on a raised brick basement. Built for a congregation that was largely Polish and Russian immigrants, it is an example of Eastern Jewish architecture.
The entrance to the building is in a projecting central bay. The door is flanked by wooden pilasters and sidelights under a large arch with stained glass windows. On each side of the arch is a pair of tall narrow, stained glass windows with horseshoe arches. The sides of buildings have five windows with horseshoe arches. Some of have been modified. The sides have pedimented gables with a rondelle.
The interior has central recessed dome. When it was the Big Apple Club, the dome had neon lights shaped like the crescent moon and shooting stars. There is a balcony on the front side of the building. This was the spectator's gallery during operation as the night club.
References
1907 establishments in South Carolina
1915 establishments in South Carolina
African-American history of South Carolina
Ashkenazi Jewish culture in South Carolina
Buildings and structures in Columbia, South Carolina
Former religious buildings and structures in South Carolina
Former synagogues in the United States
Jewish organizations established in 1907
National Register of Historic Places in Columbia, South Carolina
Polish-Jewish culture in the United States
Russian-Jewish culture in the United States
Synagogues completed in 1915
Synagogues in South Carolina
Synagogues on the National Register of Historic Places in South Carolina |
6900611 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Horacio%20Carbonari | Horacio Carbonari | Horacio Angel Carbonari (born 2 May 1974) is a former Argentine footballer who played as a defender. He was nicknamed "Bazooka" due to his powerful free-kicks.
Career
Rosario Central
Born in Santa Teresa, a town in the southern end of Santa Fe Province, Carbonari began his career at Rosario Central. His debut at the first division was in 1993. In the Argentinian club, he won the 1995 Copa CONMEBOL and was the competition's joint top scorer with 4 goals, having scored twice in the second leg of the final against Atlético Mineiro. From 1993 to 1998, Carbonari played a total of 135 Argentine Primera División matches, scoring 26 goals.
England
Carbonari was signed by Derby County in the summer of 1998 for £3 million by former Derby manager Jim Smith. Carbonari was the first Argentinian ever to play in the Premier League alongside Juan Cobián, who was at Sheffield Wednesday. He quickly became a fans favourite and won praise from the fans after scoring twice against rivals Nottingham Forest in the 1998-99 Premier League.
In 2002, while John Gregory was manager, Carbonari became out-of-favour at the club and had a short loan spell at Coventry City, before being released by Derby in the same year. Carbonari played a total of 90 league matches for the Rams, scoring 9 times.
Return to Rosario Central and retirement
Carbonari returned to Rosario Central in 2003, where he suffered from knee injuries. He helped the club to qualify for the 2004 Copa Libertadores, where his club lost to São Paulo in the Round of 16 after the penalty shootout, with Carbonari scoring from the spot. He decided to retire in 2005 after a knee injury ended his season.
At the beginning 2006–07 season, he was appointed the general manager of Rosario Central.
Honours
Club
Rosario Central
Copa Conmebol: 1995
References
External links
Soccerbase statistics
1974 births
Living people
People from Constitución Department
Argentine footballers
Association football defenders
Rosario Central footballers
Derby County F.C. players
Coventry City F.C. players
Argentine Primera División players
Premier League players
English Football League players
Argentine football managers
Argentine expatriate sportspeople in England
Expatriate footballers in England
Sportspeople from Santa Fe Province |
44498073 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angry%20Birds%20Stella%20%28TV%20series%29 | Angry Birds Stella (TV series) | Angry Birds Stella is a Finnish computer-animated adventure television series based on the whole all-device mobile game Angry Birds:Slingshot Stella produced by Rovio Entertainment. The first episode, "A Fork in the Friendship", aired on Toons.TV in November 1, 2014. The series ended on March 11, 2016.
Overview
The series recounts the tale of young Stella, along with her friends Luca, a builder; Willow, a creative painter and artist with work of art; Poppy, a crazily loud drummer; and Dahlia, a scientist, a total brain, and an inventor as they struggle to contain Gale, the former friend of Stella, that is the queen of the minion pigs in Golden Island.
Characters
Main characters
Stella, A pink galah – The de facto leader of the flock, Stella is described as adventurous, fierce, friendly, courageous, and bold. Despite being very upset with her former friend Gale for the latter's departure and betrayal in the name of vanity, she still considers Gale a friend.
Dahlia, a brownish long-eared owl – The brains of the whole flock and a smart inventing genius and the oldest, but some of her inventions often backfire.
Luca, A sky blue scrub-jay – The youngest and the only male in the flock. He is very playful and imaginative, and, unlike the others, has little to no ill-will towards Gale after the latter left the flock.
Poppy, A light yellow Cockatiel – Loud and boisterous, Poppy has a fondness for music, but the amount of noise she makes from her percussion often irks her friends instead, as Poppy frequently enjoys herself to the point she is unaware of the racket she makes.
Willow, A dark blue western crowned pigeon with feathers resembling dreadlocks (most of which are concealed underneath her signature striped, floppy hat) – Very shy and insecure, however, she is a very talented artist, specializes in painting portraits and Luca's older sister.
Gale, a dark purple violet-backed starling, also known as the Bad Princess – A selfish and extremely vain bird, formerly one of the flock and was once a close friend of Stella. She left the flock after discovering that, unlike her friends, the pigs were willing to have her as their queen without question and will answer her every whim. Despite leaving the flock, Gale remains highly motivated to keep the attention of her former friends, which often comes into direct conflict with her superiority complex.
Supporting characters
Handsome Pig, a pig with a blond wig who has a crush on Gale.
Minion Pigs, pigs who are assistants of Gale.
Episodes
Home media
Sony Pictures Home Entertainment is the DVD distributor for the series.
Angry Birds Stella: The Complete 1st Season (December 1, 2015)
Angry Birds Stella: The Complete 2nd Season (March 1, 2016)
References
Angry Birds television series
2014 Finnish television series debuts
2016 Finnish television series endings
2010s Finnish television series
Finnish children's animated adventure television series
Finnish children's animated comedy television series
Finnish children's animated drama television series
Computer-animated television series
KidsClick
Television series by Rovio Entertainment
Animated television series spinoffs
Animated television series about birds
Animated television series without speech |
44498076 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1985%20in%20Taiwan | 1985 in Taiwan | Events from the year 1985 in Taiwan, Republic of China. This year is numbered Minguo 74 according to the official Republic of China calendar.
Incumbents
President – Chiang Ching-kuo
Vice President – Lee Teng-hui
Premier – Yu Kuo-hwa
Vice Premier – Lin Yang-kang
Events
January
5 January – The establishment of Institute of Transportation.
February
9 February – the total amount of loans made by the Taipei 10th Credit Corporation(臺北十信) accounted for 102% of the total deposits. In order to protect the legitimate rights and interests of depositors, the Ministry of Finance ordered the cooperative to suspend business for three days, and temporarily took over the cooperation from the Taiwan Provincial Cooperative, strictly inspecting and rectifying the situation.
August
1 August – The opening of Minghu Dam in Nantou County.
27 August – The inauguration of Keelung City Cultural Center in Keelung.
October
19 October – The start of the construction to expand Yunlin Prison in Huwei Township, Yunlin County.
25 October – The opening of Zhongli Arts Hall in Taoyuan County (now Taoyuan City).
December
31 December – The inauguration of Taipei World Trade Center in Xinyi District, Taipei.
Births
8 January – Chan Chin-wei, tennis athlete
10 January – Ko Chia-yen, actress
15 January – Hush, singer
22 January – Chen Cho-yi, swimmer
26 January – Allison Lin, actress
28 February – Lee Tai-lin, football athlete
18 March – Chen Hui-shan, football goalkeeper
6 April – Lu Ying-chi, weightlifting athlete
11 May – Tia Lee, singer, actress and model
20 June – Cheng Chi-hung, baseball player
2 July – Renée Chen, singer and songwriter
15 July – Crowd Lu, singer-songwriter and actor
18 September – Amber An, model, singer and actress
5 November – Ma Chih-hung, luge athlete
20 November – Aaron Yan, model, actor and singer
25 December – Chang Han, football athlete
Deaths
12 March – Yang Kui, former writer.
26 August – Chang Chi-yun, Minister of Education (1954–1958).
2 September – Yu Ching-tang, Vice Premier (1963–1966).
References
Years of the 20th century in Taiwan |
44498085 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John%20Elders | John Elders | John Elders (18 December 1930 – 3 May 2015) was an English rugby union player and coach. He played with Leicester Tigers between 1953–1958, scoring the third most tries in the 1950s for his club (38). Elders was also club captain for a number of seasons.
Elders coached the England team between 1972–1974. He guided England to their first ever away win against New Zealand, and also coached England through an unbeaten tour of South Africa. Elders played one game for Barbarian FC in the late 1950s.
Elders was the sports master at the Newcastle Royal Grammar School between 1957–1982. Whilst teaching there he played and coached for Northern FC and (Old) Novocastrians. He joined Old Novocastrians whilst a teacher at the Newcastle Royal Grammar School and was always an advocate for the club, helping bring many players to the club in the 1960s, 70s and 80s. Elders captained Old Novos from 1959–61.
Elders coached the Downlands College First XV. The 1987 team went undefeated, including matches against Sydney's King's, Riverview and St Joseph's colleges. The side included future Wallabies Brett Johnstone, Brett Robinson, Garrick Morgan, Peter Ryan and Tim Horan.
He died on 3 May 2015, aged 84, after a long illness.
References
1930 births
2015 deaths
English rugby union coaches
Rugby union centres
Leicester Tigers players
Barbarian F.C. players
England national rugby union team coaches |
6900616 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anaheim%20Fire%20%26%20Rescue | Anaheim Fire & Rescue | The Anaheim Fire & Rescue is the agency that provides fire protection and emergency medical services for Anaheim, California.
History
In 1857 the City of Anaheim was incorporated and the City's volunteer fire system was established. Initially the volunteer department consisted of twenty men. It wasn't until 1915 that the department purchased their first motorized ladder truck. At this time the Anaheim City Council authorized the employment of two full-time firemen. These two men worked 24 hours a day, seven days a week, and lived at the Anaheim Fire Station.
Volunteers continued to provide fire services until 1960, when the number of annual calls reached nearly a thousand and it was felt that the Department should be made up of professionally trained fire personnel.
Metro Cities Fire Authority
Anaheim Fire & Rescue is part of the Metro Cities Fire Authority which provides emergency communications for multiple departments in and around Orange County. The call center, known as Metro Net Fire Dispatch, is located in Anaheim and provides 9-1-1 fire and EMS dispatch to over 1.2 million residents, covering an area of . Other departments included in Metro Net include Brea Fire Department, Fountain Valley, Fullerton Fire Department, Huntington Beach Fire Department, Newport Beach Fire Department, and Orange Fire Department.
Stations & Apparatus
Anaheim Fire & Rescue is divided into two battalions; Battalion 1 consisting of six fire stations, and Battalion 2 with five stations.
References
Fire departments in California
Emergency services in Orange County, California
Ambulance services in the United States
Fire Department
Government of Anaheim, California
Medical and health organizations based in California |
44498102 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ernest%20Macnaghten | Ernest Macnaghten | Ernest Brander Macnaghten CMG, DSO (1872–1948) was a British Army officer who also served as the chairman of the Shanghai Municipal Council from 1930 to 1932.
Early life
Macnaghten was born 11 September 1872 in India, the son of William Hay Macnaghten and Alice Ellen Brander. He was educated at Wellington College, Berkshire and the Royal Military Academy, Woolwich, where he was awarded the Sword of Honour.
Military career
Macnaghten was commissioned in the Royal Artillery in November 1894. He served in India (1894–1896), West Africa (1898–1899), South Africa (1900–1902), Somaliland (1903–1904), India (1905–1909), England (1910–1914) and in France during World War I where he was awarded two brevets, CMG, DSO, Croix de Guerre and eight mentions in dispatches. He rose to the rank of Colonel.
Shanghai
After the war, Macnaghten resigned his commission with the honorary rank of Brigadier General.
He joined British American Tobacco in Shanghai, China. From 1930 to 1932 he served as Chairman of the Shanghai Municipal Council. He was also President of the United Services Association and the St Andrew's Society.
Marriage and children
Macnaghten married Yvonne Marie Forrester at Windsor, England on 4 October 1906. They had five children, Susan May, Joan Yvonne Marie, Audrey Clarisse and James Steuart (twins) and Garrelle Renee.
Retirement and death
Macnaghten retired to his house Haygates in Finchampstead, Berkshire. He died on 21 November 1948 in the same town.
References
External links
Picture of Macnaghten in military uniform
Picture of McNaghten in 1937 arriving for a meeting of the Nanshi Supervisory Committee Meeting
Picture of Macnaghten at an Armistice Day ceremony at the Shanghai cenotaph in 1939
Article about and picture of plaque unveiled by Macnaghten in Shanghai in 1931
History of Shanghai
Chairmen of the Shanghai Municipal Council
1872 births
1948 deaths
Royal Artillery officers
British Army personnel of World War I
British Army personnel of the Second Boer War
Companions of the Order of St Michael and St George
Companions of the Distinguished Service Order
Recipients of the Croix de Guerre 1914–1918 (France)
People from Finchampstead
Military personnel of British India
British Army brigadiers |
6900619 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Celia%20Hammond | Celia Hammond | Celia Hammond (born 25 July 1943) is an English former model who has since become known as a campaigner against fur and for neutering of cats to control the feral population.
Early life
Hammond was born to English parents and raised in Australia and Indonesia, where her father was a tea planter.
Modelling career
Hammond began her modelling career at the Lucie Clayton Charm Academy in 1960 and was a graduating classmate of Jean Shrimpton.
She was also the favourite model of photographer Norman Parkinson and credited the rise of her career to him. She was first under contract with Queen Magazine and then transitioned to modelling Paris collections exclusively with Norman Parkinson for a year. Later she began working for Vogue, forming a close working relationship with photographer Terence Donovan. At first happy to model fur, she later became concerned about the cruelty of the fur trade and took a stand against fur. Singer/Songwriter Donovan wrote "Celia Of The Seals" as a tribute to her attitude. She had a long relationship with the guitarist Jeff Beck around 1968~1992.
Celia Hammond Animal Trust
In 1986 she founded the Celia Hammond Animal Trust with the aim of opening a low-cost neutering clinic to control the feral animal population. In 1995, the trust opened London's first low-cost neuter clinic in Lewisham. A second clinic opened in Canning Town in 1999. The Celia Hammond Animal Trust also runs a sanctuary in Brede, East Sussex, for animals which need new homes. In addition to neutering animals, the clinics (and sanctuary) also help to rescue and rehome animals, and now find homes for thousands of cats each year.
See also
List of animal rights advocates
References
External links
CHAT, The Celia Hammond Animal Trust
1941 births
Animal welfare workers
English female models
Living people
Place of birth missing (living people) |
44498103 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suryodaya%20higher%20secondary%20school | Suryodaya higher secondary school | Suryodaya Higher Secondary School is a private, English language school administered by the government of Nepal. It was founded in 2014.
Educational institutions established in 2014
Schools in Nepal
2014 establishments in Nepal |
17329600 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astronautalis | Astronautalis | Charles Andrew Bothwell (born December 13, 1981), better known by his stage name Astronautalis, is an American alternative hip hop artist currently based in Brooklyn, New York.
History
After gaining some recognition in local circles in Jacksonville, Florida and competing at Scribble Jam, Astronautalis self-released his debut album, You and Yer Good Ideas, in 2003. He eventually signed with Fighting Records and the record was re-released in 2005, followed by his second album, The Mighty Ocean and Nine Dark Theaters, in 2006. He released the third album, Pomegranate, on Eyeball Records in 2008. In winter 2009, he toured with the Canadian indie rock band Tegan and Sara through Europe, and supported them again through the spring of 2010 in Australia. His fourth album, This Is Our Science, was released on Fake Four Inc. in 2011. His latest release, Cut the Body Loose, was released in 2016.
Astronautalis is a descendant of James Hepburn, 4th Earl of Bothwell, which is one of the reasons why his lyrics often deal with historical fiction.
Style
Astronautalis has been described as "if Beck were a decade or so younger and had grown up more heavily immersed in hip-hop," with his rapping style noted for "blending styles of indie rock, electro, and talkin’ blues" with hip-hop. He has described himself as "historical fiction hip-hop."
During live performances, Astronautalis often performs a freestyle rap based on topics chosen by members of his audience.
Controversies
In June 2020 Astronautalis was accused of sexual assault and physical abuse by a number of accounts on Instagram and Twitter. Astronautalis released a response admitting to this abuse and has since deleted all of his tweets and made his account private.
Discography
Studio albums
You and Yer Good Ideas (self-released, 2003; Fighting, 2005)
The Mighty Ocean & Nine Dark Theaters (Fighting, 2006)
Pomegranate (Eyeball, 2008)
This Is Our Science (Fake Four Inc., 2011)
Cut the Body Loose (SideOneDummy, 2016)
Collaborative albums
6666 (with P.O.S, as Four Fists) (2018)
De Oro (Totally Gross National Product, 2014) (with S. Carey, Ryan Olson & Justin Vernon, as Jason Feathers)
Mixtapes
Dancehall Horn Sound!! (2010) (with DJ Fishr Pryce)
EPs
Meet Me Here (2004)
Texas Kinda Rhymes With Sexist (2005)
A Round Trip Ticket to China (2006)
Split EP (2006) (with Babel Fishh)
Gold Bones (2007)
Dang! Seven Freestyles in Seven Days (2008)
The Unfortunate Affairs of Mary and Earl (2008)
The Young Capitalist's Starter Kit (2008)
Daytrotter Sessions (2011)
This City Ain't Just a Skyline (2013)
SIKE! (2016)
Singles
"This Is the Place" (2013) (with Sims)
"The Rainmakers" b/w "Fallen Streets" (2013) (with Rickolus)
"MMMMMHMMMMM" b/w "Please Go" (2013) (with P.O.S, as Four Fists)
"The Dirt Bike" (2017)
"Sick" (2017)
"These Songs" (2017)
"Bella Ciao" (2020)
Vinyl releases
You and Yer Good Ideas (2003) [Dual 12' Vinyl: Black]
Split Series Vol. 2 (2006) (with BabelFishh]) [12' Vinyl: 500 Black]
Pomegranate (2008) [12' Vinyl: Black, Ltd: White]
This Is Our Science (2011) [12' Vinyl: Black]
Astronautalis & Rickolus (2013) (with Rickolus) [1st Pressing: 100 Mixed Color (Hand-Numbered), 150 Red, 150 White, 250 Black; 2nd Pressing: 175 Lavender, 175 Blue]
Four Fists (2013) (with P.O.S) [500 Clear, 500 Red, 500 White, 500 Blue]
Double Exposure Vol 3. (2013) (with Chuck Ragan) [100 Blue, 200 White, 300 Red, 400 Black]
The Mighty Ocean & Nine Dark Theaters (2015) [Dual 12' Vinyl: 500 Swirled blue/white/clear]
Guest appearances & production credits
Guest appearances
Scott Da Ros - "They Made Me Do It" (2005)
Brzowski - "Roll My Bones" from Maryshelleyoverdrive (2005)
Input - "Now and Never More" from Elusive Candor (2006)
Noah23 - "They Made Me Do It" from Cameo Therapy (2007)
P.O.S - "Hand Made Hand Gun" from Never Better (2009)
Otem Rellik - "Warm Pockets" from Chain Reaction Robot (2008)
Oskar Ohlson - "Sea of Grass" from Honk, Bang, Whistle and Crash (2008)
Sole and the Skyrider Band - "A Sad Day for Investors" from Sole and the Skyrider Band Remix LP (2009)
Sole - "Swagger Like Us" & "Juicy" from Nuclear Winter Volume 1 (2009)
Ceschi – "No New York" from The One Man Band Broke Up (2010)
Zoën - "Be Careful What You Wish For" from One Night Between (2010)
Mild Davis - "Prince of Mayport" from Bro-Sesh: Volume 1 (2010)
Andrre - "Learn to Listen" and "Keeping Memory Alive" from Learn to Love (2011)
The Hood Internet - "Our Finest China" from FEAT (2012)
Bleubird - "Hello Hollow" from Cannonball!!! (2012)
Marijuana Deathsquads - "Top Down" from Tamper Disable Destroy (2012)
P.O.S - "Wanted Wasted" from We Don't Even Live Here (2012)
Input & Broken - "When Darkness Looms" from Never Heard of Ya (2012)
Myka 9 & Factor - "Bask In These Rays" from Sovereign Soul (2012)
Culture Cry Wolf - "That's the Breaks" from The Sapient Sessions EP (2013)
Factor - "Let It Go" from Woke Up Alone (2013)
Sadistik - "Exit Theme" from Flowers for My Father (2013)
Giant Gorilla Dog Thing - "Bandaids Over Bulletholes" from Horse (2014)
Noize MC - "Hard Reboot" from Hard Reboot (2014)
P.O.S. - "Sleepdrone/Superposition" from "Chill, dummy" (2017)
Factor Chandelier - "Scratch-Off Lotto Tickets" from "Wisdom Teeth" (2018)
Ceschi - "Any War" from "Sad, Fat Luck" (2019)
Hurricane Party - "Kon@" from "Juice" (2019)
Production credits
Bleubird – Cannonball!!! (2012)
Videography
Trouble Hunters (2009)
The Wondersmith and His Sons (2010)
Contrails (2011)
This Is Our Science (2012)
Dimitri Mendeleev (2013)
SIKE! (2016)
Running Away From God (2016)
Kurt Cobain (2016)
Forest Fire (2017)
References
External links
Featured on MN Original Program from St. Paul, MN PBS Station: MN Original Video
21st-century American singers
1981 births
American hip hop record producers
American male rappers
Living people
Musicians from Jacksonville, Florida
Rappers from Florida
Rappers from Minneapolis
Underground rappers
21st-century American rappers
21st-century American male singers |
17329612 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael%20Arbuthnot | Michael Arbuthnot | Michael Alexander Arbuthnot (born 9 June 1970) is an archaeologist, instructor and archaeological filmmaker.
Education and awards
Michael A. Arbuthnot received his bachelor's degree in Philosophy and minor in Anthropology from the University of California at Santa Barbara in 1996. He holds a master's degree in Anthropology from Florida State University. He specialized in underwater archaeology and graduated magna cum laude.
Arbuthnot is an active member in many professional organizations, including: the Registry of Professional Archaeologists (RPA); the Florida Archaeological Council (FAC); the Southeastern Archaeological Conference (SEAC); the Florida Anthropological Society (FAS); the American Academy of Underwater Sciences (AAUS); and the St. Augustine Archaeological Association (SAAA).
In addition to being the author of many published articles and papers, Arbuthnot is considered an authority on submerged prehistoric sites. He focused his thesis on paleo-environmental change and the impact it has on archaeological sites in the Gulf of Mexico.
Arbuthnot's research has been presented at many conferences, including the Society for American Archaeology, the Northeast Florida Symposium on Underwater Archaeology, the annual meeting of the Florida Anthropological Society, and the Southeastern Archaeological Conference. The results of his research in the Caribbean are now exhibited at the George Town Museum on Grand Cayman Island.
Titanic
Michael Arbuthnot is currently a faculty member at Flagler College, located in historic downtown St. Augustine, Florida. There, he teaches his students about the fascinating world of archaeology, which included a field expedition to the RMS Titanic. He hopes to set aside the boring impression people have of archaeology, saying, “People have this idea of archaeologists sitting there with a brush and a toothpick, but it can be exciting.”
Arbuthnot's trip to the Titanic took him 12,600 feet below the ocean's surface. James Cameron, the producer, writer, and director of the movie “Titanic” recruited Arbuthnot in 2005 to work on the first systematic archeological survey of Titanic's internal bow structure. Findings from this survey were shown in the Discovery Channel special “Last Mysteries of the Titanic” and will exhibited as part of the Titanic Legacy Database Project presently in development with the non-profit digital historic preservation organization, CyArk.
Team Atlantis
Arbuthnot founded Team Atlantis Productions in 1996. The name, of course, is a play on the mythical underwater city of Atlantis. Arbuthnot defines Team Atlantis, saying, “TA is a multi-disciplinary outfit whose mission is to explore archeological mysteries with an emphasis on those enigmas associated with underwater contexts.” Because underwater archeological sites usually have some connection with sites on land, Team Atlantis is not restricted to only underwater locations.
Team Atlantis has explored and surveyed many sites around the world, including:
Egypt (1996): Here, Arbuthnot and his team traveled extensively along the Giza Plateau. Arbuthnot developed his Orion Pyramid Theory while in Egypt.
Grand Cayman Island, Caribbean (1997): Arbuthnot participated in the mapping of the remains of the Geneva Kathleen, a schooner that sank in 1930.
Yonaguni, Japan (1998): In Japan, Arbuthnot organized an expedition that examined the Yonaguni Monument and created a film documentary of the experience.
Cat Island, Bahamas (2000): Team Atlantis journeyed to the Bahamas to explore the possibility of ancient shorelines submerged in the shallow water of the Great Bahama Bank.
The Gulf of Mexico (2000): Arbuthnot and other members of Florida State University's Program in Underwater Archaeology excavated submerged prehistoric sites and shipwrecks under the direction of Dr. Michael Faught.
Yucatán, Mexico (2000): Team Atlantis explored Mayan ruins at Tulum and Chichen Itza and digitally documented their trip.
La Jolla in San Diego, California (2005): Underwater artifacts were first discovered here in the early 1900s. Team Atlantis decided to make a trip to California to investigate. The team discovered a total of six artifacts, including a stone bowl, dated 4000 to 7000 years ago. This contributes to the already over 2000 artifacts recovered in this area of at least 34 submerged sites.
More about La Jolla
Team Atlantis Productions plan to open the eyes of the public to archaeological mysteries off the coast of San Diego through their show, “La Jolla’s Sunken City.” Michael Arbuthnot, the Writer/Producer of the show, paired with Director/Editor David Faires, to take underwater cinematography to new depths.
“Not only is Mike Arbuthnot the Writer/Producer, but he is rapidly becoming one of the most recognizable archaeologists in the United States. As a young professional archaeologist and former college professor, Arbuthnot has been featured on ABC, Discovery Channel and the Learning Channel. Most recently Arbuthnot conducted the first archaeological survey of the famous shipwreck R.M.S. Titanic with film maker and explorer James Cameron on Discovery Channel’s televised event, Last Mysteries of the Titanic. He continues to excite audiences and historians alike by blending ancient history and archaeology with filmmaking.”
As stated previously, artifacts were first found in the early 1900s. Children would return to the shore from playing in the shallow water with small stone bowls. Scuba diving became increasingly popular in the 1950s, leading to more exploring around La Jolla. Due to this exploration, more than 2000 artifacts have been recovered. Some date to more than 5000 years ago. At least 34 submerged sites have been discovered in places as deep as 30 meters. Some scientists believe that La Jolla is an entire sunken village. In “La Jolla’s Sunken City,” Arbuthnot and Faires explore several hypotheses concerning how these objects were originally deposited, and they reveal never before seen artifacts.
Arbuthnot had trouble at the beginning of the expedition, but was eventually successful in finding artifacts at La Jolla. According to the CineForm article on La Jolla:
Their success was aided by the help of a small octopus. A diver was tracking it, when the octopus stopped behind a round stone. This ‘stone’ turned out to be a beautiful stone bowl, which eventually led the team to discovering a total of six artifacts in 20 feet of water. Arbuthnot speculates that these ancient finds date to between 4,000 and 7,000 years ago!
Currently
Arbuthnot has worked on underwater archaeology projects in Florida, North Carolina, Georgia, and the Caribbean since 1997. He has surveyed, mapped, excavated, interpreted and analyzed artifacts, and published reports on a variety of diverse archaeological sites. He continues his work, based mainly in Florida. He also functions as Newsletter Editor for the Florida Archaeological Council.
Arbuthnot presently serves as a Senior Project Manager for SEARCH, a leading cultural resource company based in Florida.
Arbuthnot is working with the Discovery Channel to create the television show "America's Lost Vikings", about the location of the mythical Viking Vinland, and where they may have settled along Canada and the United States.
Secret Worlds with Michael Arbuthnot
Arbuthnot's documentary Secret Worlds with Mike Arbuthnot began airing on the travel channel in 2010.
Family
Born in Oakland, California, son of Robert Murray Arbuthnot, Michael is married to Serena Lynn Conrad who had two sons by her first marriage. They live in St Augustine, Florida.
References
Family tree
1974 births
Living people
American archaeologists
American underwater divers
People from Oakland, California
Underwater archaeologists
University of California, Santa Barbara alumni
Florida State University alumni |
17329625 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monna%20Bell | Monna Bell | Ana Nora Escobar (January 5, 1938 – April 21, 2008), known professionally as Monna Bell, was a Chilean singer who enjoyed a successful career in Spain, Mexico and other parts of Latin America. She was reportedly one of Juan Gabriel's muses. Bell was born in Santiago, Chile, in 1938. In the mid-1950s, she was barely in her teens when she won a talent contest held at Radio Mineria in Santiago, one of the most popular radio stations, and became a regular at the station's live broadcasts. Her voice caught the attention of band leader Roberto Inglez who, in 1956, hired her as a vocalist for his group and took her on a three-week gig at New York's Waldorf Astoria. They went over so well that the band and its brand new singer stayed for a year. Next they toured Europe and in Madrid Monna had such a phenomenal reception that she decided to go solo becoming a big sensation at the Pasapoga, the city's most fashionable night club.
In 1959 she performed a jazzy novelty tune titled "Un Telegrama" at the First Benidorm International Song Festival. The song won all the top awards and became an international major hit when Monna recorded it for the Hispavox label. It was the first of many hits that made her a recording sensation both in Europe and Latin America. She toured the world and decided to settle down in Mexico where she branched out into films and married cinematographer Alex Phillips Jr. It was not an enduring marriage but it produced daughter Jennifer and son Alex III who is currently a rock musician.
In the late 1960s she continued recording highly successful albums for the Musart label and did a lot of television work in Mexico and abroad. In the 1970s she signed with Orfeon and her recordings began suffering due to mediocre material and backing, however she continued touring on the strength of her old hits. By the 1980s her career was over and she decided to retire. Singer-composer Juan Gabriel tried to remedy the situation by writing and producing Monna Bell Ahora, an album released in 1993 by Sony which went nowhere. Monna went back to retirement and in the 2000s moved next to her daughter in Tijuana, Baja California.
Diehard fans kept waiting for a successful return but their hopes where crushed when the singer died of cardiac arrest after a successful colon cancer surgery on April 21, 2008. After her death many of her old recordings were released in CD format and are the best witness of Monna Bell's greatness as one of the most creative Latin singers in history. Pedro Almodóvar used one of Bell's songs, "Estaba Escrito", in his 1980 film, Pepi, Luci, Bom and Other Girls on the Heap (Pepi, Luci, Bom Y Otras Chicas Del Monton).
Death
Monna Bell died of a stroke on April 21, 2008, in Tijuana, Mexico, at the age of 70.
References
External links
Chilean Singer Monna Bell, Dead at 70
El Economista: Monna Bell, muse of Juan Gabriel, dies
A Tribute to Monna Bell
1938 births
2008 deaths
People from Santiago
People from Tijuana
20th-century Chilean women singers |
6900622 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madame%20Bovary%20%281949%20film%29 | Madame Bovary (1949 film) | Madame Bovary is a 1949 American romantic drama film adaptation of the classic 1857 novel of the same name by Gustave Flaubert. It stars Jennifer Jones, James Mason, Van Heflin, Louis Jourdan, Alf Kjellin (billed as Christopher Kent), Gene Lockhart, Frank Allenby and Gladys Cooper.
It was directed by Vincente Minnelli and produced by Pandro S. Berman, from a screenplay by Robert Ardrey based on the Flaubert novel. The music score was by Miklós Rózsa, the cinematography by Robert H. Planck and the art direction by Cedric Gibbons and Jack Martin Smith.
The film was a project of the Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer studios and Lana Turner was set to star, but when pregnancy forced her to withdraw, Jones stepped into the title role. Production ran from mid-December 1948 to mid-March 1949 and the film premiered the following August.
The story of the adulterous wife who destroys the lives of many presented censorship issues with the Motion Picture Production Code. A plot device which structured the story around author Flaubert's obscenity trial was developed to placate the censors. The highlight of the film is an elaborately choreographed ball sequence set to composer Miklós Rózsa's lush film score.
The film received an Academy Award nomination for Best Art Direction-Set Decoration in 1950 for Cedric Gibbons, Jack Martin Smith, Edwin B. Willis and Richard Pefferle.
Plot
In an 1850s Paris courtroom, author Gustave Flaubert (James Mason) attempts to prevent the banning of his novel Madame Bovary. His accusers have described the book's title character as shocking and immoral. Flaubert counters with a narration of Bovary's story from his own realist perspective. Thus, we are introduced to 20-year-old Emma (Jennifer Jones), a lonely woman who fantasizes a perfect life for herself. She falls in love with Dr. Charles Bovary (Van Heflin). The two are married and move into a small house in Normandy which Emma re-decorates lavishly, incurring much debt. Emma, bemoaning her lack of social status, tells Charles she wants a baby boy, someone not confined in accordance with restoration France's repressive cultural norms. Instead, Emma gives birth to a girl, Berthe. She soon tires of her role as mother and leaves Berthe's upbringing to her nanny (Ellen Corby). Unhappy with her life, Emma embarks on a relationship with Leon Dupuis (Alf Kjellin), but his mother (Gladys Cooper) induces him to move to Paris and enroll in law school.
After Charles fails to match her lofty expectations of "heroic country doctor", Emma succumbs to the advances of aristocrat Rodolphe Boulanger (Louis Jourdan), who then abandons her. A heartbroken Emma attempts suicide, but Charles intervenes. She endures several months of severe depression, but eventually recovers. Sometime after, Emma and Charles attend an opera in nearby Rouen. There, they encounter Leon, who has returned from Paris. Leon brags of attaining his law credentials and earning a lot of money. At first Emma rejects Leon's subsequent attempts to renew their affair, but she finally consents. When Emma returns home, she finds that the Bovarys' outstanding remodeling debts have come back to haunt them when their house is put up for sale to satisfy creditors. One of them offers to forgive Emma's debts in exchange for sexual favors. She refuses, deciding instead to approach Leon for money. However, Leon admits he has no money to lend her, confessing that he is only a law clerk. Finally, Emma turns to Rodolphe, but he flatly refuses to help. Rather than endure shame for what she has caused, Emma breaks into the village apothecary and swallows arsenic. Although Charles attempts to save her, Emma dies. The film then returns to Flaubert and the courtroom. In the end, it is decided the author's novel will not be blocked from publication.
Cast
Jennifer Jones as Emma Bovary
Van Heflin as Charles Bovary
Louis Jourdan as Rodolphe Boulanger
James Mason as Gustave Flaubert
Alf Kjellin (billed as Christopher Kent) as Leon Dupuis
Gene Lockhart as J. Homais
Frank Allenby as Lheureux
Gladys Cooper as Madame Dupuis
John Abbott as Mayor Tuvache
Harry Morgan as Hyppolyte
George Zucco as Dubocage
Ellen Corby as Félicité
Eduard Franz as Rouault
Henri Letondal as Guillaumin
Esther Somers as Madame Lefrançois
Paul Cavanagh as Marquis D'Andervilliers
Larry Simms as Justin
Vernon Steele as Priest
Production
Lana Turner says it was the only film she turned down at MGM in her time there. She says she "got myself suspended. And it was a stinker!"
Reception
Reviews from critics were mixed. Bosley Crowther of The New York Times was mostly positive, calling it a "faithful transcription" of the novel with an understanding of the protagonist "beautifully and tenderly put forth in the patient unfolding of the story which a cohort of talents has contrived." Crowther suggested, however, that Jones was "a little bit light for supporting the anguish of this classic dame." Variety called the film "interesting to watch but hard to feel. It is a curiously unemotional account of some rather basic emotions and this failure to plumb beneath its characters lessens the broad, general appeal somewhat. However, the surface treatment of Vincente Minnelli's direction is slick and attractively presented."
Richard L. Coe of The Washington Post called it a "persuasive picture", with Jones "bringing a depth of acting infrequently seen on the screen and a performance that far outweighs any of her previous ones." Edwin Schallert of the Los Angeles Times wrote, "If one is patient with the slowness of 'Madame Bovary' he or she will find unique interest in this picture because in treatment and character it is well off the beaten path in Hollywood productions." However, Schallert found Jones to be "erratic in the quality of her presentation. She is pictorial on all occasions, surprisingly fine at times, very uncertain and wavering in her delineation at others." Harrison's Reports published a negative review, calling the direction "heavy-handed" and the story "very unpleasant and slow-moving, and not one of the principal characters wins any sympathy, not even the heroine's ill-treated husband, a weakling who humbly accepts her sinning." Philip Hamburger of The New Yorker called it "a dull-witted adaptation of the Flaubert classic. As interpreted by Miss Jones, Mme. Bovary could be Mme. X or Mme. Defarge, or Mme. Typhoid Mary, so amateurish and flaccid was her acting."
According to MGM records the film earned $1,132,000 in the US and Canada and $884,000 overseas resulting in a loss of $910,000.
The film is recognized by American Film Institute in these lists:
2005: AFI's 100 Years of Film Scores – Nominated
References
Epstein, Edward J. (1995). Portrait of Jennifer. New York, Simon & Schuster. .
Minnelli, Vincente (1990). I Remember It Well. New York, Samuel French .
External links
1949 films
1948 romantic drama films
1948 films
Adultery in films
American black-and-white films
Films based on Madame Bovary
Films directed by Vincente Minnelli
Films with screenplays by Robert Ardrey
Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer films
Films scored by Miklós Rózsa
Films about infidelity
Films set in the 19th century
1949 drama films |
17329694 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wreck%20Sites%20of%20HMS%20Cerberus%20and%20HMS%20Lark | Wreck Sites of HMS Cerberus and HMS Lark | The Wreck Sites of HMS Cerberus and HMS Lark are located in the waters of Narragansett Bay on the west side of Aquidneck Island near South Portsmouth, Rhode Island.
History
HMS Cerberus was a frigate of the Royal Navy built in 1758 and carrying 28 guns. HMS Lark, also a frigate, was built in 1762 and carried 32 guns. Cerberus had been stationed off Rhode Island as part of a blockade of its ports since April 1776, and was joined by Lark in February 1777. Upon the arrival of a large French fleet off Narragansett Bay in late July 1778, the two ships were among the twenty British vessels in the bay which were then tasked to defend British-occupied Newport. Stationed in the northern stretch of the East Passage (separating Aquidneck and Conanicut Islands), the two ships were ordered to Newport, with instructions to not surrender to the enemy. While en route to Newport on August 5, the two ships were sighted by French ships of the line. On 8, the 64-gun Fantasque and the frigates Aimable, Chimère and Engageante, under Pierre André de Suffren, entered the Bay. Rather than engage on a lopsided battle that would have ended in their surrender, the two captains decided to scuttle their ships. Captain Symonds ran Cerberus aground, put the crew ashore, and set fire to the ship, while Captain White did the same with Lark. Two other British frigates, Orpheus and Juno, suffered the same fate. When Larks gunpowder magazine was reached by the flames, it exploded, sending debris flying for miles around.
The wrecks of all four ships lay essentially undisturbed until the 1970s, when an archaeological team located portions of Lark, Cerberus, and Orpheus. As of 2008, the full extent of the wreck sites has not been established, and only fragmentary evidence of the ships has been recovered.
The site of the wrecks of Cerberus and Lark was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1973.
See also
National Register of Historic Places listings in Newport County, Rhode Island
Other military sites associated with the 1778 French expedition to Newport:
Battle of Rhode Island Site
Conanicut Battery
Fort Barton
References
References
Bibliography
Shipwrecks of the Rhode Island coast
Portsmouth, Rhode Island
Maritime incidents in 1778
Shipwrecks on the National Register of Historic Places in Rhode Island |
23575178 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Write%20Stuff | The Write Stuff | The Write Stuff, "Radio 4's game of literary correctness", was a lighthearted quiz about literature on BBC Radio 4, taking a humorous look at famous literary figures, which ran from 1998 to 2014. It was chaired and written by James Walton. The two teams were captained by novelist Sebastian Faulks and journalist John Walsh, with Beth Chalmers reading literary extracts.
Format
John Walsh and Sebastian Faulks have been team captains since the programme began. They are each joined by another journalist or novelist; frequent guests in later years included John O'Farrell, Mark Billingham and Lynn Truss. Truss stepped in as captain to replace Faulks for series 13 (2010).
Each week, the programme has an "Author of the Week"; W. B. Yeats, E. M. Forster, D. H. Lawrence, Robert Burns, and J. K. Rowling all featured in the programme. The programme has, on occasion, featured a group of writers, rather than a single author, as its key study - for example, poets of the Beat Generation were the featured authors on 26 October 2010. Each programme begins with the panellists reading favourite extracts from the author's writing, and the first round is a series of questions about the author's life and works.
The programme normally ends with panellists having to write a pastiche (or parody; the programme uses the terms interchangeably) based on that week's author of the week. Walton describes these as 'the most popular bit of the programme'. Walton sets a topic that would be so out of style of the author in question that a pastiche would be humorous. For example, when Robert Burns was the author of the week, contestants were asked to write a poem, in the style of Burns, celebrating something typically English; when Philip Roth was the author of the week, contestants were asked how he might have written a children's story. Faulks has published a collection of his parodies as a book, Pistache.
The intervening rounds do not focus on the author of the week. Rounds commonly included are: connections; odd one out; literary mistakes; the archive round; and a music round.
The programme has normally been broadcast at 18:30 on a weekday, one of the Radio 4 comedy slots.
Episodes
Series 1 (1998)
Series 2 (1999)
Series 3 (2000)
Series 4 (2001)
Series 5 (2002)
Christmas Special (2002)
Series 6 (2003)
Series 7 (2004)
Christmas Special (2004)
Series 8 (2005)
Series 9 (2006)
Series 10 (2007)
Series 11 (2008)
Series 12 (2008)
Series 13 (2010)
Series 14 (2010)
Cheltenham Literature Festival Special
Series 15 (2012)
Series 16 (2013)
Series 17 (2014)
References
External links
BBC Radio 4 programmes
British radio game shows
1990s British game shows
2000s British game shows
2010s British game shows |
17329709 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1982%20Calder%20Cup%20playoffs | 1982 Calder Cup playoffs | The 1982 Calder Cup playoffs of the American Hockey League began on April 7, 1982. The eight teams that qualified played best-of-five series for Division Semifinals and best-of-seven series for Division Finals. The division champions played a best-of-seven series for the Calder Cup. The Calder Cup Final ended on May 10, 1982, with the New Brunswick Hawks defeating the Binghamton Whalers four games to one to win the Calder Cup for the only time in team history.
Playoff seeds
After the 1981–82 AHL regular season, the top four teams from each division qualified for the playoffs. However, since the fifth-placed team of the Southern division (Adirondack) earned more points than the fourth-placed team in the Northern division (Springfield), Adirondack played in the Northern division portion of the bracket in place of Springfield. The New Brunswick Hawks finished the regular season with the best overall record.
Northern Division
New Brunswick Hawks - 107 points
Maine Mariners - 101 points
Nova Scotia Voyageurs - 80 points
Southern Division
Binghamton Whalers - 98 points
Rochester Americans - 89 points
New Haven Nighthawks - 86 points
Hershey Bears - 78 points
Adirondack Red Wings - 77 points (Played in the Northern division part of the bracket in place of Springfield due to earning more points during the regular season.)
Bracket
In each round, the team that earned more points during the regular season receives home ice advantage, meaning they receive the "extra" game on home-ice if the series reaches the maximum number of games. There is no set series format due to arena scheduling conflicts and travel considerations.
Division Semifinals
Note 1: Home team is listed first.
Note 2: The number of overtime periods played (where applicable) is not indicated
Northern Division
(N1) New Brunswick Hawks vs. (S5) Adirondack Red Wings
(N2) Maine Mariners vs. (N3) Nova Scotia Voyageurs
Southern Division
(S1) Binghamton Whalers vs. (S4) Hershey Bears
(S2) Rochester Americans vs. (S3) New Haven Nighthawks
Division Finals
Northern Division
(N1) New Brunswick Hawks vs. (N3) Nova Scotia Voyageurs
Southern Division
(S1) Binghamton Whalers vs. (S2) Rochester Americans
Calder Cup Final
(N1) New Brunswick Hawks vs. (S1) Binghamton Whalers
See also
1981–82 AHL season
List of AHL seasons
References
Calder Cup
Calder Cup playoffs |
6900637 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lunch%20atop%20a%20Skyscraper | Lunch atop a Skyscraper | Lunch atop a Skyscraper is a black-and-white photograph taken on September 20, 1932, of eleven ironworkers sitting on a steel beam above the ground on the sixty-ninth floor of the RCA Building in Manhattan, New York City. It was arranged as a publicity stunt, part of a campaign promoting the skyscraper. The photograph was first published in October 1932 during the construction of Rockefeller Center. It was later acquired by Corbis Images in 1995.
The image is often misattributed to Lewis Hine; the identity of the photographer remains unknown. Evidence emerged indicating it may have been taken by Charles C. Ebbets, but it was later found that other photographers had been present at the shoot as well. Many claims have been made regarding the identities of the men in the image, though only a few have been definitively identified. Ken Johnston, manager of the historic collections of Corbis, referred to the image as "a piece of American history". The 2012 documentary film Men at Lunch is based on the photograph.
Overview
The photograph depicts eleven men eating lunch while sitting on a steel beam above the ground on the sixty-ninth floor of the near-completed RCA Building (now known as 30 Rockefeller Plaza) at Rockefeller Center in Manhattan, New York City, on September 20, 1932. These men were immigrant ironworkers employed at the RCA Building during the construction of Rockefeller Center. They were accustomed to walking along the girders. The photograph was taken as part of a campaign promoting the skyscraper. Other photographs taken depict the workers throwing a football and pretending to sleep on the girder. Central Park is visible in the background.
The photograph was first published in the Sunday supplement of the New York Herald Tribune on October 2, 1932, with the caption: "Lunch Atop a Skyscraper".
History
In 1995, Corbis Images, a company that provides archived images to professional photographers, bought a collection of over eleven million images called the Bettmann Archive. The Lunch atop a Skyscraper photograph was in the Acme Newspictures archive, a part of the Bettmann Archive collection, although it was uncredited. According to Ken Johnston, manager of the historic collections of Corbis, the image was initially received in a Manila paper envelope. The original negative of the photograph was made of glass, which had broken into five pieces. It is stored in a humidity and temperature-controlled preservation facility at the Iron Mountain storage facility in Pennsylvania.
Identification
Photographer
The identity of the photographer is unknown. It was often misattributed to Lewis Hine, a Works Progress Administration photographer, from the mistaken assumption that the structure is the Empire State Building. In 1998, Tami Ebbets Hahn, a resident of Wilmington, North Carolina, noticed a poster of the image and speculated that it was one of her father's (Charles C. Ebbets; 1905–1978) photographs. In 2003, she contacted Johnston. Corbis hired Marksmen Inc., a private investigation firm, to find the photographer. An investigator discovered an article from The Washington Post, which credited the image to Hamilton Wright. The Wright family, however, was not familiar with the photograph. It was common for Wright to receive credit for photographs taken by those working for him; Hahn's father had worked for the Hamilton Wright Features syndicate. In 1932, Ebbets had been appointed the photographic director of Rockefeller Center, responsible for publicizing the new skyscraper. Hahn found her father's paycheck of $1.50 per hour (equivalent to $ per hour in ), the ironworkers photograph, and an image of her father with a camera, which appeared to be of the same place and time. Analyzing the evidence, Johnston said: "As far as I'm concerned, he's the photographer." Corbis later acknowledged Ebbets's authorship. It was later discovered that photographers Thomas Kelley, William Leftwich, and Ebbets were present there on that day. Due to the uncertain identity of the photographer, the image is again without credit.
Ironworkers
According to a New York Post survey, numerous claims have been made regarding the identities of the men in the image. The film Men at Lunch, based on the photograph, traces some of the men to be of possible Irish origin, and the director reported in 2013 that he planned to follow up on other claims from Swedish relatives. The film confirms the identities of two men: Joseph Eckner, third from the left, and Joe Curtis, third from the right, by cross-referencing with other pictures taken the same day, in which they were named at the time. The first man from the right, holding a bottle, has been identified as Slovak worker Gustáv (Gusti) Popovič. The photograph was found in his estate, with the note "Don't you worry, my dear Mariška, as you can see I'm still with bottle" written on the back.
Legacy
The photograph has been referred to as the "most famous picture of a lunch break in New York history" by Ashley Cross, a correspondent of the New York Post. It has been used, imitated, and varied in many artworks. It has been colorized and a statue of the photograph has been created by Sergio Furnari, which was displayed near the World Trade Center site after the September 11 attacks for about five months. The image has been a best seller for Corbis. Although critics have referred to the photograph as a publicity stunt, Johnston referred it to as "a piece of American history". Taken during the Great Depression, the photograph became an iconic emblem of New York City and it has often been re-created by construction workers. Time included the image in its 2016 list of the 100 most influential images of all time. Discussing the significance of the image in 2012, Johnston said:
There's the incongruity between the action – lunch – and the place – 800 feet in the air – and that these guys are so casual about it. It's visceral: I've had people tell me they have trouble looking at it out of fear of heights. And these men – you feel you get a very strong sense of their characters through their expressions, clothes and poses.
See also
List of photographs considered the most important
Citations
Works cited
English sources
Non-English sources
1932 works
1932 in art
1932 in New York City
1930s photographs
1930s in Manhattan
Black-and-white photographs
Lunch
Photographs of the United States
Publicity stunts
Rockefeller Center
September 1932 events
Works of unknown authorship
Works originally published in the New York Herald Tribune |
44498116 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1991%E2%80%9392%20Bristol%20City%20F.C.%20season | 1991–92 Bristol City F.C. season | During the 1991–92 English football season, Bristol City F.C. competed in the Football League Second Division.
Season summary
In the 1991–92 season, Bristol City made a bright start to the campaign and by 9 November after 17 games, the Robins sat 1 point of the play-off places and looked as though they would challenge for a play-off spot but afterwards, a poor run of form which saw Bristol City win only 1 from their next 18 league matches and as a result slipped to the relegation zone with only Port Vale below them and it seemed the Robins were favourites to go down following a huge collapse of form but an 8-game unbeaten run which include 5 wins, kept them up and the Robins finished in 17th place.
Final league table
Results
Bristol City's score comes first
Legend
Football League Second Division
FA Cup
League Cup
Full Members Cup
Squad
References
Bristol City F.C. seasons
Bristol City |
6900648 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cat%20and%20Dupli-cat | Cat and Dupli-cat | Cat and Dupli-cat is a 1967 Tom and Jerry short produced by Chuck Jones and MGM Animation/Visual Arts for Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer. It was directed by Chuck Jones and Maurice Noble, written by Jones and Michael Maltese, and animated by Dick Thompson, Ben Washam, Ken Harris, Don Towsley and Tom Ray.
Plot
The cartoon starts with Tom balancing on the edges of washtub, "rowing" amongst some docks using a broomstick, under a crescent moon. He is singing the ballad "Santa Lucia" as the title card and credits are shown. As he reaches the docks, he finds Jerry rowing a small cup with a spoon and mimicking him.
Sitting on a piling outside a nearby steamer, Tom steals some tea and sugar from a porthole in the steamer and pours them all over Jerry in the cup. As he begins sipping, an orange cat (the "Dupli-cat") pulls on Tom's tail through a porthole, points at an empty saucer and holds his hand out as if to say, "Mine." Tom politely gives him the teacup. Dupli-cat pulls on Tom's tail again, and Tom then returns the spoon. Tom then innocently sits on the piling until he hears Dupli-cat drinking the tea, and then after a few seconds Tom blows his top.
Tom enters the ship's galley through the porthole and sees the empty teacup. He races through the ship, and then sees Dupli-cat running through an open doorway, seemingly in parallel to himself. Tom continues walking back and forth, and the two cats mimic each other. When Tom crosses again imitating a train, Dupli-cat does likewise making a train whistle sound. Surprised, Tom repeats the sound, then tricks Dupli-cat into opening his mouth: Jerry is inside it. Tom walks away and then catches on.
Tom chases Dupli-cat off the ship and along a pier, where Dupli-cat is cornered and cowers, holding out Jerry for Tom to take. As Tom reaches out, Dupli-cat stomps open a trap-door, causing Tom to falls through it into the water. Tom angrily climbs up the ladder, but Dupli-cat drops the trap-door, knocking Tom back down. Dupli-cat then runs back along the pier and Tom is shown to be doing the same on the pier beneath. He snaps a loose board in Dupli-cat's pier, hitting Dupli-cat and smashing him back into another piling. Grabbing Jerry, who is making no attempt to hide his annoyance at the situation, Tom then runs along the pier, but fails to see another piling and runs into it. Dupli-cat steals Jerry and ties him to his tail, and then ties Tom's fingers together around the piling. Tom manages to pull out the piling and drop it on top of Dupli-cat, who falls through the pier and slowly sinks into the water as Tom grabs Jerry.
Tom goes aboard a ship in dry-dock that is about to be launched. Dupli-cat swings a bottle of champagne normally used for launching at his rival instead, hitting him in the head and causing the bottle to open. Some of the champagne spills on Jerry and inebriates him. The two cats then successively grab the mouse, but Jerry is propelled up to a yardarm on the mast. In an act of drunken bravado, the now-annoyed Jerry motions both cats to join him, ties the two cats' faces together by their whiskers and around the mast by their tails. Jerry resumes singing "Santa Lucia" once again, while drunkenly hiccuping, with bubbles emerging each time he hiccups, and finally forming the words "THE END".
Crew
Co-Director & Layouts: Maurice Noble
Story: Chuck Jones & Michael Maltese
Animation: Dick Thompson, Ben Washam, Ken Harris, Don Towsley & Tom Ray
Backgrounds: Philip DeGuard
Vocal Effects: Mel Blanc & William Hanna
Falsetto: Dale McKennon
Baritone: Terence Monck
Production Manager: Earl Jonas
Music: Eugene Poddany
Production Supervised by Les Goldman
Produced & Directed by Chuck Jones
External links
1967 animated films
1967 films
1967 short films
1967 musical comedy films
1960s animated short films
Tom and Jerry short films
Short films directed by Chuck Jones
Films directed by Maurice Noble
Films scored by Eugene Poddany
1960s American animated films
American musical comedy films
Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer short films
Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer animated short films
MGM Animation/Visual Arts short films
Films with screenplays by Michael Maltese
1960s English-language films |
44498153 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yevgeny%20Shabayev | Yevgeny Shabayev | Yevgeny Yevgenyevich Shabayev (; 24 April 1973 – 5 August 1998; alternate transliterations Yevgeni, Evgeny, Evgeni, Chabaev) was a Russian artistic gymnast. He won a silver with his team at the 1994 Team World Championships, and he was the bronze medalist in the all-around at the 1995 World Championships. He was only the alternate to Russia's 1996 Olympic team due to a shoulder injury that required surgery. Injuries also kept him off the team for the 1997 World Championships.
Shabayev died of a heart attack on 5 August 1998. His funeral was held six days later, and gymnasts Alexei Nemov, Nikolai Kryukov, Elena Grosheva and Roza Galieva were in attendance.
References
External links
Profile
Biography
Photos
1973 births
1998 deaths
Gymnasts from Moscow
Medalists at the World Artistic Gymnastics Championships
Russian male artistic gymnasts |
17329712 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pablo%20Aguilar%20%28footballer%2C%20born%201987%29 | Pablo Aguilar (footballer, born 1987) | Pablo César Aguilar Benítez (born 2 April 1987) is a Paraguayan professional footballer who plays as a centre-back.
From March to July 2017, Aguilar served a ten-match suspension after head-butting a referee.
Club career
Early career
Aguilar won the Paraguayan Primera División title with his first club, Sportivo Luqueño, in 2007. He then transferred to Argentine Primera División side Colón de Santa Fe, where he played for one year. Subsequently, Aguilar played for San Luis of the Mexican Primera División, before joining Argentine Primera's side Arsenal de Sarandí.
Tijuana
In 2012, Aguilar was sent on loan to Club Tijuana. He started in 20 matches for the club during the Apertura tournament, which Tijuana won, defeating Toluca in the final, even scoring one of the goals himself.
América
On 18 December 2013, it was announced that Aguilar was transferred to Club América, with the announcement being made on the club's Twitter account.
On 8 March 2017, during the Copa MX round-of-16 match against Tijuana, Aguilar headbutted referee Fernando Hernández. Despite initially being given a ten-game suspension, a strike by the referee's association protesting the punishments of Aguilar and Enrique Triverio of Toluca ultimately led to a revised year-long ban for Aguilar from any official football activity. On 31 March, it was reported that both Aguilar and Triverio would appeal their bans to the Court of Arbitration for Sport.
Cruz Azul
In the summer of 2018, Aguilar officially became a player for Cruz Azul. On 21 July 2018, Aguilar debuted in a 3–0 victory against Puebla and played the 90 minutes.
International career
As of 3 June 2015, Aguilar has played in 22 games with the Paraguay national team, scoring four times. He scored his first goal on 17 October 2012 in the 1–0 victory against Peru.
International goals
Scores and results list Paraguay's goal tally first.
Personal life
In 2015, Aguilar became a naturalized Mexican citizen.
Honours
Sportivo Luqueño
Primera División: Apertura 2007
Tijuana
Liga MX: Apertura 2012
América
Liga MX: Apertura 2014
CONCACAF Champions League: 2014–15, 2015–16
Cruz Azul
Liga MX: Guardianes 2021
Copa MX: Apertura 2018
Campeón de Campeones: 2021
Supercopa MX: 2019
Leagues Cup: 2019
Individual
Liga MX Defender of the Year: 2018–19
Liga MX Best XI: Guardianes 2021
Liga MX All-Star: 2021
See also
Players and Records in Paraguayan Football
References
External links
Pablo César Aguilar – Argentine Primera statistics at Fútbol XXI
1987 births
Living people
Paraguayan footballers
Paraguayan expatriate footballers
Paraguay international footballers
Sportivo Luqueño players
Club Atlético Colón footballers
San Luis F.C. players
Club Tijuana footballers
Club América footballers
Arsenal de Sarandí footballers
Paraguayan Primera División players
Argentine Primera División players
Liga MX players
Expatriate footballers in Argentina
Expatriate footballers in Mexico
Paraguayan expatriate sportspeople in Argentina
Paraguayan expatriate sportspeople in Mexico
2015 Copa América players
Sportspeople from Luque
Association football central defenders
Naturalized citizens of Mexico
Cruz Azul footballers |
44498154 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Garden%20of%20Eden%20%28Venice%29 | Garden of Eden (Venice) | The Garden of Eden, also known as the Eden Garden () is a villa with a famous garden, on the island of Giudecca in Venice, Italy. It is named after an Englishman, Frederic Eden, who designed the garden in 1884 and owned the property for a long time. From 1927 it was owned by Princess Aspasia Manos and her daughter Queen Alexandra of Yugoslavia. Between 1979 and 2000, it was owned by the Austrian painter and architect Friedensreich Hundertwasser, who abandoned the garden to nature.
History
In 1884, Frederic Eden, a great-uncle of the British Prime Minister Anthony Eden, and his wife Caroline, sister of the garden designer Gertrude Jekyll, bought an area of six acres on the Venetian island of Giudecca. It contained a former outbuilding of the convent of the Sisters of Santa Croce. The property was later expanded by two acres when the Venetian authorities enlarged the island. The couple created Venice's largest private garden, an English landscape garden symbolic of the British presence in Venice, containing statues, roses and animals. It was frequented by many figures from the world of the arts, including Marcel Proust, Rainer Maria Rilke, Walter Sickert, Henry James, Eleonora Duse and Baron Corvo.
The garden featured a large number of willow pergolas covered in roses, and extensive plantings of Madonna lily as well as other English flowers. Paths around the garden were surfaced with local seashells. There were lawns, courts and a walk lined with cypresses. In 1903, Eden published A Garden in Venice, a short book describing his creation of the garden.
Frederic Eden died in 1916 and his wife Caroline survived him until 1928. A year before her death, she sold the Garden of Eden to Princess Aspasia Manos, the widow of King Alexander of Greece. She acquired the villa thanks to the financial support of her friend Sir James Horlick. The Princess lived in the villa with her daughter Alexandra until 1940, when the Greco-Italian war erupted. Damaged during World War II, the villa was rebuilt by Aspasia when peace returned. In 1945, the Garden of Eden was designated a Monumento Nazionale.
Aspasia lived in the villa until her death in 1972 and the Garden of Eden passed to her daughter. Alexandra made some suicide attempts on the property. In 1979, she sold it to the Austrian painter Friedensreich Hundertwasser. Hundertwasser allowed the flowering plants to die and encouraged wild vegetation. He died in 2000, leaving the property to the ownership of a foundation. It is not open to the public.
In literature
The Garden of Eden is mentioned in Gabriele D'Annunzio's novel The Flame (Il fuoco, 1900)
It was mentioned by Jean Cocteau in the poem Souvenir d'un soir d'automne au jardin Eden (1909)
References
Bibliography
Frederic Eden, A Garden in Venice, Kessinger Publishing, 2010 (facsimile of the 1903 original),
John Hall, "The Garden of Eden", Hortus, no. 67, autumn 2003
Alexandra of Yugoslavia, Pour l'amour de mon roi, Paris, Gallimard, 1957, ASIN B004LXRKPK
External links
Jeff Cotton, The Garden of Eden
Pedigree showing Eden and Jekyll connections
Buildings and structures in Venice
Villas in Veneto
Gardens in Veneto |
23575185 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1999%20Rink%20Hockey%20World%20Championship | 1999 Rink Hockey World Championship | The 1999 Rink Hockey World Championship was the 34th edition of the Rink Hockey World Championship, held between 4 and 12 June 1999, in Reus, Catalonia, Spain. It was disputed by 12 teams.
Format
The competition was disputed by 12 countries, divided in two groups of 6 teams each one.
Every game lasted 40 minutes, divided in 2 parts of 20 minutes.
Matches
Group stage
Group A
Group B
Championship Knockout stage
5th place bracket
9th to 12th place stage
Final standings
References
External links
Official (Archived 2009-07-22)
Roller Hockey World Cup
World Championship
Rink Hockey World Championship
Rink Hockey World Championship
International roller hockey competitions hosted by Spain
Sport in Reus |
6900651 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Topa%20ou%20N%C3%A3o%20Topa | Topa ou Não Topa | Topa ou Não Topa () is the Brazilian version of Deal or No Deal, broadcast in Portuguese by SBT. It is hosted by Silvio Santos. There are 26 cases, containing amounts from R$ 0.50 (US$0.16) to R$1,000,000 (US$320,000). On August 25, 2010, the gameshow returned and the host is Roberto Justus but in similar set to the old version.
Like most sets of Brazilian versions of US game shows, their set and graphics are a dead ringer to the American counterpart.
The R$1,000,000 grand prize was won by a man named Paulo in April 2007.
Case values
2006-2011
2019–present
External links
SBT Topa ou Não Topa Official website
Deal or No Deal
2006 Brazilian television series debuts
2010 Brazilian television series endings |
6900663 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magen | Magen | Magen (, lit. Shield) may refer to:
Star of David, known in Hebrew as the Magen David
Magen, Israel, a kibbutz in southern Israel
Magen David Adom, Israel's emergency medical, disaster, ambulance and blood bank service
HaMagen, a Jewish defense organization active during World War I
MAGEN (security), a technology that prevents certain data from being displayed to unauthorized people
Mira Magen (born 1950), Israeli author
David Magen (born 1945), former Israeli politician
Zvi Magen (born 1945), Israeli ambassador
See also |
23575190 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ravensworth%2C%20Virginia | Ravensworth, Virginia | Ravensworth is a census-designated place in Fairfax County, Virginia, United States. Its name reflects Ravensworth plantation, farmed since the 18th century and manor house which burned under mysterious circumstances on August 1, 1926. The Ravensworth Farm subdivision was developed in the early 1960s. The 2010 census lists the area's population as 2,466. It is part of the Washington metropolitan area.
Geography
Ravensworth is in eastern Fairfax County, bordered by the Capital Beltway to the northeast, Braddock Road to the north, Accotink Creek to the west, Lake Accotink to the south, and Flag Run to the southeast. Neighboring communities are Wakefield to the north, North Springfield to the east, and Kings Park to the south and west. Downtown Washington, D.C. is to the northeast. The CDP border follows Accotink Creek to the west, Braddock Road to the north, Interstate 495 to the east, and Flag Run to the southeast.
According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the Ravensworth CDP has a total area of , of which is land and , or 10.02%, is water.
The Ravensworth Farm community has a neighborhood pool and a civic association, and is home to the notorious Golden Ravens. The Ravensworth Shopping Center has stores including 7-Eleven, The Swiss Bakery, Lotte Plaza Market (which replaced Safeway), and Jersey Mike's Subs. Ravensworth Elementary School is located in the middle of the neighborhood. It has a 7/10 rating on Great Schools.
Economy
The corporate headquarters of Ensco is physically located in Ravensworth CDP, with a Springfield postal address.
Education
Fairfax County Public Schools operates Ravensworth Elementary School in the CDP.
References
Census-designated places in Fairfax County, Virginia
Washington metropolitan area
Census-designated places in Virginia |
23575238 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20ambassadors%20of%20the%20United%20Kingdom%20to%20Tunisia | List of ambassadors of the United Kingdom to Tunisia | The Ambassador of the United Kingdom to Tunisia is the United Kingdom's foremost diplomatic representative to the Republic of Tunisia, and head of the UK's diplomatic mission in Tunis.
Ambassadors
1956–1960: Angus Malcolm
1960–1963: Anthony Lambert
1963–1966: Sir Herbert Marchant
1966–1967: Robin Hooper
1968–1970: Edward Warner
1970–1973: Archibald Mackenzie
1973–1975: John Marnham
1975–1977: Glencairn Balfour Paul
1977–1981: Sir John Lambert
1981–1984: Sir Alexander Stirling
1984–1987: Sir James Adams
1987–1992: Stephen Day
1992–1995: Michael Tait
1995–1999: Richard Edis
1999–2002: Ivor Rawlinson
2002–2004: Robin Kealy
2004–2008: Alan Goulty
2008–2013: Chris O'Connor
2013–2016: Hamish Cowell
2016–2020: Louise De Sousa
2021-: Helen Winterton
References
General
Specific
External links
UK and Tunisia, gov.uk
British Embassy Tunis on Facebook
Tunisia
United Kingdom |
23575261 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stone%20Cold%20Sober%20%28disambiguation%29 | Stone Cold Sober (disambiguation) | Stone Cold Sober may refer to
Stone Cold Sober (album), a studio album from the German thrash metal band Tankard, or a song from that album
"Stone Cold Sober" (Paloma Faith song), a song performed by Paloma Faith.
"Stone Cold Sober" (Brantley Gilbert song), a song performed by Brantley Gilbert.
"Stone Cold Sober", a song by Rod Stewart, from his 1975 album Atlantic Crossing
"Stone Cold Sober", a song by Del Amitri, from their 1989 album Waking Hours
"Stone Cold Sober", a song by Crawler, from their 1977 album Crawler |
23575298 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siegfried%20Mynhardt | Siegfried Mynhardt | Siegfried Mynhardt (5 March 1906 – 28 March 1996) was a South African actor.
Personal life
Mynhardt was born in Johannesburg and lived in a Wynberg army camp, where his father was a padre. He had three children with his wife, Jocelyn.
Career
As well as appearing in several films and several television projects, Mynhardt was also known for his work in both South African and British theatre.
After the end of school, he started appearing in theatre productions across South Africa.
He admitted that he learnt true professionalism in the 1930s, when he was performing in the Old Vic in London and sharing a flat with Alec Guinness.
His credits included appearing in Dingaka, a 1965 film by the acclaimed South African director, Jamie Uys. He later appeared alongside Jacqueline Bisset in A Cape Town Affair.
On 26 January 2020, Siegfried was also inaugurated as a living legend in the South African Legends Museum. He's nephew, Shaun Mynhardt dedicated the museum in memory of Siegie.
Selected filmography
References
External links
1900s births
1996 deaths
20th-century South African male actors
Male actors from Johannesburg
South African male film actors
South African male stage actors
White South African people |
20468144 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1924%E2%80%9325%20Huddersfield%20Town%20A.F.C.%20season | 1924–25 Huddersfield Town A.F.C. season | The 1924–25 Huddersfield Town season saw Town retain their title for the second consecutive season. Under the guidance of Herbert Chapman, they won the title by 2 clear points from West Bromwich Albion. The mood suddenly changed at the end of the season when Chapman suddenly resigned.
Squad at the start of the season
Review
After winning their first title, Herbert Chapman's team didn't want to give their title back in a hurry, winning their first 4 games and being unbeaten for their 10 league games. Town's defensive line were particularly impressive, only conceding 28 goals during the league season and never conceded more than 2 in any league game. They only conceded 3 goals in their FA Cup game against Bolton Wanderers. They won their 2nd title by 2 points from West Bromwich Albion. However, Town were left bewildered when Herbert Chapman left for Arsenal at the end of the season.
Squad at the end of the season
Results
Division One
FA Cup
Appearances and goals
1924-25
English football clubs 1924–25 season
1925 |
6900669 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Narjis | Narjis | Narjis () is believed by the Twelvers to have been the mother of their Hidden Imam, Muhammad al-Mahdi. His birth is said to have been providentially concealed by his father, Hasan al-Askari, out of fear of Abbasid persecution as they sought to eliminate an expected child of the eleventh Imam, whom persistent rumors described as a savior. After the death of his father in 260 AH (873-874 CE), al-Mahdi is believed by the Twelvers to have entered a state of occultation which continues until his rise in the end of time to establish peace and justice on earth. The origin of Narjis is recorded as the Byzantine empire or Nubia and her tomb is believed to be located in the al-Askari shrine in Samarra, Iraq.
Historical background
Until their deaths, the tenth and eleventh Shia Imams (Ali al-Hadi and Hasan al-Askari, respectively) were held under close surveillance in the garrison town of Samarra by the Abbasids, who are often responsible in Shia sources for poisoning the two Imams.
Contemporary to the tenth Imam, the Abbasid al-Mutawakkil heavily persecuted the Shia, partly due to a renewed Zaydi opposition. The restrictive policies of al-Mutawakkil towards the tenth Imam were later adopted by his son, al-Mu'tamid, who is reported to have kept the eleventh Imam under house arrest without any visitors. Instead, al-Askari is known to have mainly communicated with his followers through a network of representatives. Among them was Uthman ibn Sa'id, who is said to have disguised himself as a seller of cooking fat to avoid the Abbasid agents, hence his nickname al-Samman. Tabatabai suggests that these restrictions were placed on al-Askari because the caliphate had come to know about traditions among the Shia elite, predicting that the eleventh Imam would father the eschatological Mahdi.
Death of al-Askari
Al-Askari died in 260 (873-874) without an obvious heir. Immediately after the death of the eleventh Imam, his main representative, Uthman ibn Sa'id, claimed that the Imam had an infant son, named Muhammad, who was kept hidden from the public out of fear of Abbasid persecution, as they sought to eliminate an expected child of al-Askari, whom persistent rumors described as a savior. Uthman also claimed that he had been appointed to represent Muhammad, who is more commonly known as Muhammad al-Mahdi ().
Being the closest associate of al-Askari, Uthman's assertions were largely accepted by other representatives of al-Askari. Those who accepted the imamate of this Muhammad later formed the Twelvers. The other sects created over the succession of al-Askari disappeared within a hundred years.
Occultation
Thus began a period of about seventy years, later termed the Minor Occultation (, 260-329 AH, 874–941 CE), during which it is believed that four successive agents represented Muhammad al-Mahdi, the Hidden Imam. The fourth agent, al-Samarri, is said to have received a letter from Muhammad al-Mahdi shortly before his death in 941 CE. The letter predicted the death of al-Samarri in six days and announced the beginning of the complete occultation, later called the Major Occultation, which continues to this day. The letter, ascribed to Muhammad al-Mahdi, added that the complete occultation would continue until God granted him permission to manifest himself again in a time when the earth would be filled with tyranny.
Name
Muhammad al-Mahdi is said to have been born to Narjis, though some sources give her name differently as Sawsan, Rayhana, Sayqal, and Maryam. The first three are names of flowers. As a slave, those names were likely given to her by her owner, Hakima Khatun, in keeping with the practice of the day, while Sayqal might have been her real name.
Origin
The origin of Narjis is recorded by some sources as the Byzantine empire or Nubia. The earliest account about her origin is given by Ibn Babawayh (), based on a chain of authority leading to Bishr ibn Sulayman al-Nakhkhas. According to this account, Narjis was a slave, bought providentially by an agent of al-Hadi, who had recognized by clairvoyance in her the future mother of al-Mahdi. This and the detailed accounts of Majlesi and Tusi describe Narjis as a captured grand-daughter of the Byzantine emperor and a pious woman who learned about her future union with al-Askari in a dream. These accounts have been described as hagiographic.
Possibly the correct account is the one given by al-Mufid (), who writes that Narjis was a slave, born and raised in the house of Hakima Khatun, daughter of al-Jawad (the ninth Imam) and paternal aunt of al-Askari. Narjis was given in marriage to al-Askari by his father, al-Hadi, when the former was about twenty-two years old.
Birth of Muhammad al-Mahdi
Twelver sources report that the son of al-Askari was born to his wife, Narjis, around 255 (868). He was named Abu al-Qasim Muhammad, the same name and as the Islamic prophet, though he is more commonly known as Muhammad al-Mahdi. His birthdate is given differently, but most sources seem to agree on 15 Sha'ban, which is celebrated by the Shia for this occasion. The differences in these accounts have been attributed to al-Askari's attempts to hide the birth of his son from the Abbasids.
The birth of al-Mahdi is often compared in Twelver sources to the birth of Moses in the Quran, who was miraculously saved from the pharaoh. As a child Imam, al-Mahdi is also often compared in Twelver sources to Jesus, since both are viewed as the proof of God () and both spoke with the authority of an adult while still a child.
The earliest account of his birth is given by Ibn Babawayh on the authority of Hakima Khatun, a close relative who was held in high esteem by the tenth and eleventh Imams. The account describes that the pregnancy of Narjis miraculously had no physical signs, similar to Moses' mother, and that Hakima Khatun was brought in as midwife only when the birth was due. While this and similar accounts are hagiographic in nature, they seem to suggest that the pregnancy of Narjis and birth of his son were deliberately concealed.
The Twelver accounts add that, except for a few trusted associates, the existence of al-Mahdi was kept secret since the Abbasids sought to eliminate the son of al-Askari, whom persistent rumors described as a savior. Hussain writes that the infant must have been sent to Medina, where al-Askari's mother lived. It is also known that al-Askari left his estate to his mother, Hadith. Amir-Moezzi and Hussain suggest that this was another tactic by al-Askari to hide the birth of his son: in Shia jurisprudence (), under certain conditions, the mother is the sole inheritor if the deceased is childless.
After the death of al-Askari
The death of al-Askari in 260 (873-874) followed a brief illness, during which the Abbasid al-Mu'tamid sent his doctors and servants to attend the Imam. Considering that al-Askari did not have an obvious heir, some have suggested that the caliph intended to closely monitor al-Askari from within his residence.
After the death of al-Askari, there are reports that his residence was searched and the women were examined for pregnancy, possibly in the hope of finding his heir. A female servant of al-Askari was held for a while, perhaps due to false rumors of her pregnancy designed to distract the Abbasids in their search.
After the death of al-Askari, Narjis claimed to be pregnant to stop the officers from searching for the newborn, according to Sachedina. She was subsequently held in al-Mu'tamid's palace for observation. Her escape from the palace placed her at the center of disputes between Uthman and his son, on one side, and a brother of al-Askari, on the other side. Before his death, al-Askari left his estate to his mother, Hadith, to the exclusion of his brother, Ja'far, who had earlier unsuccessfully laid claim to the imamate after the death of their father, al-Hadi. Ja'far repeated his claims to the imamate after the death of al-Askari, which found a following this time in the form of the now-extinct Ja'fariyya and Fathiyya sects. Ja'far also contested al-Askari's will and raised the case with the authorities. Al-Askari was apparently childless, and Hadith was thus regarded as the sole inheritor in Shia law. The caliph, however, ruled the inheritance to be divided between Hadith and Ja'far. When Narjis escaped from al-Mu'tamid's palace, the tensions between the two groups heightened to the point that Narjis was given protection by a member of the powerful Shia family Nawbakhti.
Tomb
The tomb of Narjis is located in the al-Askari shrine in Samarra, Iraq. The shrine also houses the tombs of Hasan al-Askari, Ali al-Hadi, and Hakima Khatun. As an important destination for Shia pilgrimage, the shrine was bombed in February 2006 and badly damaged. Another attack was executed on 13 June 2007, which led to the destruction of the two minarets of the shrine. Authorities in Iraq hold al-Qaeda responsible for this attack.
A nearby shrine is said to mark the place where the occultation took place, under which there is a cellar () that hides a well (Bi'r al-Ghayba, ). Into this well, al-Mahdi is said to have disappeared.
In popular culture
Princess of Rome, directed by Hadi Mohamadian, is an animated movie about Narjis, the mother of Muhammad al-Mahdi. Princess of Rome was screened at the thirty-third Fajr International Film Festival in February 2015 in Tehran and received positive reviews.
See also
Ahl al-Bayt
The Twelve Imams
The Fourteen Infallibles
References
Sources
9th-century Byzantine women
9th-century Byzantine people
Shia Muslims
Twelvers
Wives of Shiite Imams
Mahdism |
23575355 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mandinka%20%28song%29 | Mandinka (song) | "Mandinka" is a song by Sinéad O'Connor from her 1987 album The Lion and the Cobra.
Background
In an April 1988 interview with The Tech, O'Connor said: "Mandinkas are an African tribe. They're mentioned in a book called Roots by Alex Haley, which is what the song is about. In order to understand it you must read the book."
Critical reception
AllMusic editor Stephen Thomas Erlewine described the song as "hard-rocking". Steven Wells from NME stated that it is a "stark reminder that O'Connor is blessed with an amazing and unique voice". Sal Cinquemani from Slant noted its "indie-rock splendor" in his review of The Lion and the Cobra.
Chart performance
The single "Mandinka" also topped the dance chart. The single was a mainstream pop hit in the UK, peaking at number 17 on the UK Singles Chart, number 6 in O'Connor's native Ireland, number 24 in the Netherlands, number 26 in Belgium, number 18 in New Zealand, and number 39 in Australia.
Music video
The video for "Mandinka" was in heavy rotation after debuting 24 January 1988 in 120 Minutes on MTV.
Live performances
In 1988, O'Connor sang "Mandinka" on Late Night with David Letterman, which was her first US network television appearance. She also sang the song live at the 1989 Grammy Awards.
Charts
References
1987 songs
1987 singles
Chrysalis Records singles
Sinéad O'Connor songs
Songs written by Sinéad O'Connor |
17329727 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buffalo%20Sharks | Buffalo Sharks | The Buffalo Sharks were a professional basketball team in the American Basketball Association based in Buffalo, New York. The team played two seasons as the Buffalo Rapids and Buffalo Silverbacks before suspending operations. This team is not to be confused with the Buffalo Stampede of the Premier Basketball League.
History
Buffalo Rapids (2005–06)
The Buffalo Rapids were founded by Gary Nice and began play in the fall of 2005 as part of the ABA's Connie Hawkins Division. It was the first professional basketball team to play in Buffalo, New York since the Buffalo Braves. The team's name was chosen by a fan voting, with "Rapids" finishing second to "Braves". Trademark restrictions prevented the franchise from adopting the Braves name, but the Rapids team colors were identical to those of the Buffalo Braves.
Dan Robbie and Todd Wier became co-owners of the franchise in December 2005 following the league's removal of Gary Nice.
Initial games were played at Burt Flickinger Center, but a financial dispute left the team searching for a new permanent home. They played most home games at Park School of Buffalo until February 2006. The final home game of the 2005–2006 season was played at Buffalo State Sports Arena, with the team later utilizing the venue for most 2006–2007 home games.
Buffalo Silverbacks (2006–07)
It was announced in May 2006 that the franchise had changed its name to the Buffalo Silverbacks. Controversy arose in August 2006 when the Buffalo News ran an article condemning the team's logo, which featured a silverback gorilla, as racist. The team responded by adopting a new team logo featuring a tiger in October 2006.
Another bit of controversy involved the Silverbacks announcing that DayShawn Wright had been signed to the team in September 2006. Soon after this announcement, Wright signed with the Minot SkyRockets of the CBA.
Head coach Richard Jacob resigned from the team in November 2006 to focus on his job at Medaille College. Trevor Ruffin, a player from the team's inaugural season and an assistant coach during their 2006–07 training camp, replaced him as head coach.
In 2007, Weir sold the team to Vincent Lesh. Lesh has been an entertainment promoter in Western New York for 25 years and is the owner of Concerts Plus. On November 11, 2007, the Silverbacks announced that they were suspending operations. On their official MySpace page, the team stated "If you did not already know, the Silverbacks are not playing this fall in the ABA. New ownership has decided to take this season off after taking over the team with 5 weeks before tip off."
Buffalo Sharks (2008)
Lesh re-branded the team as the Buffalo Sharks and reactivated them to begin play in November 2008. Richard Jacob was named the Head Coach and General Manager as he was for both the Rapids and Silverbacks. The Sharks were to play at Koessler Athletic Center on the campus of Canisius College. However, on 2008-09-18, Lesh announced his folding of the Sharks, his leaving of the ABA, and his purchase of the former Buffalo Dragons.
The ABA would later return to Buffalo with the Buffalo 716ers, set to begin play in 2013; that team has since moved to the Premier Basketball League.
The ABA would again return to Buffalo with the Buffalo Blue Hawks, who began play in 2016.
Standings
Game results
2005–2006
2006–2007
Roster and staff
2005–2006
Team Captain – Tim Winn
All-Star Selection – Tim Winn
All-ABA Selection – Tim Winn
Released
Staff
Owners – Gary Nice (11/05 – 12/05), Dan Robbie and Todd Wier (12/05 – 11/07)
General Manager – Richard Jacob
Head Coach – Richard Jacob
Assistant Coach – Tyrone Thomas
Player Assistant Coaches – Modie Cox and Tim Winn
Strength and Conditioning Coach – Bob Bateson
Account Executive – Bryan Perry
Game Day Operation Manager – Timothy M. Simko
Media Relations – Nadia Fezzani
2006–2007
All-Star Selection – Antoine Sims
ABA Community Service Award – Modie Cox
Released
Staff
Owners – Dan Robbie and Todd Wier
Head Coach – Trevor Ruffin
Player Assistant Coach – Modie Cox
Strength and Conditioning Coach – Bob Bateson
References
Defunct American Basketball Association (2000–present) teams
Sports in Buffalo, New York
2005 establishments in New York (state)
2008 disestablishments in New York (state) |
20468153 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USS%20Hempstead%20%28AVP-43%29 | USS Hempstead (AVP-43) | What would have been the first USS Hempstead (AVP-43) was a proposed United States Navy seaplane tender that was never laid down.
Construction and commissioning
Hempstead was to have been one of 41 Barnegat-class small seaplane tenders the U.S. Navy planned to commission during the early 1940s, and was to have been built at Houghton, Washington, by the Lake Washington Shipyard. However, by the spring of 1943 the Navy deemed that number of seaplane tenders excess to requirements, and decided to complete four of them as motor torpedo boat tenders and one as a catapult training ship. In addition, the Navy also decided to cancel six of the Barnegat-class ships prior to their construction, freeing up the diesel engines that would have powered them for use in escort vessels and amphibious landing craft.
Hempstead became one of the first four ships to be cancelled when the Navy cancelled its contract with Lake Washington Shipyard for her construction on 22 April 1943.
References
NavSource Online: Service Ship Photo Archive Small Seaplane Tender (AVP) Index
Cancelled ships of the United States Navy
World War II auxiliary ships of the United States
Barnegat-class seaplane tenders
Ships built at Lake Washington Shipyard |
17329753 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean-Micka%C3%ABl%20Raymond | Jean-Mickaël Raymond | Jean-Mickaël Raymond is a French amateur boxer. He qualified for the 2008 Olympics as a middleweight.
In addition to Georgios Gazis, Raymond defeated three unknowns. He was then stopped in the meaningless final by Darren Sutherland.
At the Olympics, Raymond lost his first bout 2:8 to Asian champion, Elshod Rasulov.
External links
2nd Qualifier
Living people
Olympic boxers of France
Middleweight boxers
Boxers at the 2008 Summer Olympics
French male boxers
Year of birth missing (living people) |
23575382 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estoril%20Open%20%28golf%29 | Estoril Open (golf) | The Estoril Open was a golf tournament on the European Tour in 1999. It was held at Penha Longa in Estoril, Portugal from 15 to 18 April. It was won by Jean-François Remésy who shot a 2-under-par total of 286, to finish as the only player under par.
The renewal of the Estoril Open in 2000 was cancelled due to sponsorship problems. The event was also included on the European Tour schedule in 2001, but was cancelled again.
Winners
References
External links
Coverage on the European Tour's official site
Former European Tour events
Golf tournaments in Portugal
Sport in Estoril
Defunct sports competitions in Portugal |
17329763 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cintra%20%28disambiguation%29 | Cintra (disambiguation) | Cintra is an international operator of toll roads and car parks.
Cintra may also refer to:
People
Given name
Cintra Wilson (21st century), American celebrity writer
Surname
Adriano Cintra (born 1972), Brazilian multi-instrumentist and producer
Luís Lindley Cintra (1925-1991), Portuguese linguist
Sebastião da Silveira Cintra (1882-1942), Brazilian prelate of the Roman Catholic Church
Sousa Cintra (21st century), Portuguese businessman
Places
Cintra Bay or the Gulf of Cintra on the coast of Western Sahara.
Cintra, Portugal, an alternate spelling for Sintra
Other uses
Cintra (ship), which wrecked on Porthminster Beach in 1893
Cintra (New Hope, Pennsylvania), a historic house in Bucks County, Pennsylvania, U.S.
Corporación Internacional de Transporte Aéreo, the former parent company for Aeroméxico, Mexicana de Aviación and Aeroperú
See also
Cintray, Eure, a commune in France
Cintray, Eure-et-Loir, a commune in France
Convention of Cintra, an 1808 treaty between France and the United Kingdom in the first stages of the Peninsula War
da Cintra, a surname
Sintra (disambiguation)
The Elves of Cintra, a novel by Terry Brooks |
23575399 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Williams%20Fieldhouse | Williams Fieldhouse | Williams Fieldhouse is a 2,300-seat multi-purpose arena in Platteville, Wisconsin. It is home to the NCAA Division III University of Wisconsin-Platteville Pioneers basketball team. It opened in 1962.
The playing surface was named "Bo Ryan Court" in 2007 in honor of Bo Ryan, the coach at UW-Platteville from 1984 to 1999, who led the Pioneers to four national titles. He later coached the UW-Madison basketball team.
References
Buildings and structures in Grant County, Wisconsin
College basketball venues in the United States
Basketball venues in Wisconsin
Wisconsin–Platteville Pioneers men's basketball |
6900671 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James%20Goodnight | James Goodnight | James Howard Goodnight (born January 6, 1943) is an American billionaire businessman and software developer. He has been the CEO of SAS Institute since 1976, which he co-founded that year with other faculty members of North Carolina State University. As of February 2022, his net worth was estimated at US$7.3 billion.
Early life and career
Goodnight was born to Albert Goodnight and Dorothy Patterson in Salisbury, North Carolina, on January 6, 1943. He lived in Greensboro until he was 12, when his family moved to Wilmington. As a kid he worked at his father's hardware store.
Goodnight's career with computers began with a computer course at North Carolina State University. One summer he got a job writing software programs for the agricultural economics department. Goodnight was a member of the Beta-Beta chapter of Tau Kappa Epsilon at NC State, and contributed to the construction of a new fraternity house for the chapter in 2002.
Goodnight received a master's degree in statistics in 1968. He also worked at a company building electronic equipment for the ground stations that communicated with the Apollo space capsules. While working on the Apollo program, Goodnight experienced a work environment with a high turnover rate and this shaped his views on corporate culture. Goodnight returned to North Carolina State University after working on the Apollo project, where he earned a PhD in statistics and was a faculty member from 1972 to 1976.
Career
Goodnight joined another faculty at North Carolina State in a research project to create a general purpose statistical analysis system (SAS) for analyzing agricultural data. The project was operated by a consortium of eight land-grant universities and funded primarily by the USDA. Goodnight along with another faculty member Anthony James Barr became project leaders for the development of the early version of SAS. When the software had 100 customers in 1976, Goodnight and three others from the University left the college to form SAS Institute in an office across the street.
Goodnight remained CEO of SAS Institute for more than 35 years as the company grew from $138,000 its first year in business, to $420 million in 1993 and $2.43 billion by 2010. Under his leadership, the company grew each year. Goodnight became known for creating and defending SAS' corporate culture, often described by the media as "utopian." He rejected acquisition offers and chose against going public to protect the company's work environment. Goodnight has maintained a flat organizational structure with about 27 people who report directly to him and three organizational layers.
HSM Global described Goodnight's leadership style in a framework of three pillars: "help employees do their best work by keeping them intellectually challenged and by removing distractions; Make managers responsible for sparking creativity; eliminate arbitrary distinctions between 'suits' and 'creatives'; Engage customers as creative partners to help deliver superior products."
In 1981, Goodnight was elected as a Fellow of the American Statistical Association. In 1997, he received the Golden Plate Award of the American Academy of Achievement.
In 2004, he was named a Great American Business Leader by Harvard. That same year he was named one of America's 25 Most Fascinating Entrepreneurs by Inc. Magazine. He has also been a frequent speaker and participant at the World Economic Forum.
In March 2020, Jim Goodnight was awarded a CEO Great Place to Work For All Leadership Award by Great Place to Work.
Personal life
Goodnight met his wife, Ann, while he was a senior at North Carolina State University and she was attending Meredith College. They have been married approximately five decades and have three children. Goodnight's net worth was $7.3 billion, as of February 2022.
Goodnight has an interest in improving the state of education, particularly elementary and secondary education. In 1996, Goodnight and his wife, along with his business partner, John Sall and his wife Ginger, founded an independent prep school Cary Academy. Both of the Goodnights are also involved in the local Cary, NC, community. He owns Prestonwood Country Club and The Umstead Hotel and Spa situated on the edge of the SAS campus.
See also
List of Americans by net worth
List of Tau Kappa Epsilon brothers
Prestonwood Country Club
References
Further reading
External links
Goodnight's official Bio
1943 births
American billionaires
American technology chief executives
American humanitarians
American statisticians
Businesspeople in software
Living people
Businesspeople from North Carolina
North Carolina State University alumni
People from Cary, North Carolina
People from Salisbury, North Carolina
Fellows of the American Statistical Association
Activists from North Carolina |
6900674 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muravyov | Muravyov | Muravyov (, from meaning ant), or Muravyova (feminine form; ), also transliterated as Muraviev, Muravyev or Murav'ev, is a common Russian last name. It may refer to:
Alexey Muravyov (1900–1941), Soviet army officer
Darya Muravyeva (born 1998), Kazakhstani water polo player
Dimitry Muravyev (born 1979), Kazakhstani road bicycle racer
Irina Muravyova (born 1949), Soviet actress
Konstantin Muraviev (1893–1965), Bulgarian politician
Matvey Muravyev (1784–1836), Russian explorer
Mikhail Muravyov (disambiguation) – several people
Nadezhda Muravyeva (born 1980), Russian handball player
Nikita Muravyov (1795–1843), a member of the Decembrist movement
Nikolay Muravyov-Amursky (1809–1881), a Russian statesman and diplomat
Nikolay Muraviev (1850–1908) Russian statesman
Nikolay Muravyov-Karsky (1794–1866), Russian military leader and statesman
Olena Muravyova (1867–1939), Ukrainian opera singer
Vladimir Muravyov (athlete) (born 1959), former Soviet track and field athlete
Vladimir Muravyov (translator) (1939–2001), Russian translator and literary critic
Vyacheslav Muravyev (born 1982), Kazakhstani sprinter
See also
Muraviev Amurski-class cruiser, pair of light cruisers Russian empire ordered in 1912 from a Danzig shipyard, seized in 1914 for the German Kriegsmarine
Muravyov-Apostol (disambiguation), several people
6538 Muraviov, an asteroid
Russian-language surnames |
17329798 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Big%20Noise%20from%20Winnetka | Big Noise from Winnetka | "Big Noise from Winnetka" is a jazz song co-written by composer and bass player Bob Haggart and drummer Ray Bauduc with lyrics by Gil Rodin and Bob Crosby, who were members of a sub-group of the Bob Crosby Orchestra called "The Bobcats". They also were the first to record it, in 1938. That recording is remarkable for its unusual duet feature: Haggart whistles the melody and plays the bass, while only Bauduc accompanies him on the drums. Halfway through the solo, Bauduc starts drumming on the strings of the double bass, while Haggart continues to play with his left hand, creating a percussive bass solo. The original version was just bass and drums (with the bass player whistling), but many other arrangements have been performed, including one by the Bob Crosby big band with the band's vocal group.
After the success of the initial recording, Haggart and Bauduc performed the song frequently for the rest of their careers, including in several films, most notably in 1941's Let's Make Music and 1943's Reveille with Beverly. The original recording was featured on the soundtrack of Raging Bull. Nick Nolte and Debra Winger danced to a version credited to Bob Crosby and the Bobcats in the 1982 film Cannery Row.
Composition
The song was a spontaneous composition, created at the Blackhawk in Chicago in 1938. When some of the band were late getting back from a break, Haggart and Bauduc started free improvising while they waited and "Big Noise" was the result. It was a joint composition, later formalized by arranger Haggart. Later, lyrics were written by Gil Rodin and Bob Crosby.
Winnetka is a North Shore suburb located approximately 16 miles (26 km) north of downtown Chicago.
Performances
1959: Jazz drummer Gene Krupa covered the song on his live album Big Noise from Winnetka.
1959: Jack Teagarden with drummer Ronnie Greb covered the song on his live album At the Roundtable.
1962: Kenny Ball, on his Midnight in Moscow album
1963: Jazz drummer Cozy Cole's version Bubbled Under in the American Billboard Charts at position 121.
1963: Eddy Mitchell sang a French version ("Quand une Fille me plaît") on his album Voici Eddy... c'était le soldat Mitchell.
1965: Chico Hamilton recorded his own version on the album The Dealer.
1966: Kenny Clare & Ronnie Stephenson, Drum Spectacular
1970: Scottish progressive rock band Clouds (60s rock band) performed a version on their album "Up Above Our Heads".
1974-1975 Spaghetti Head (Leslie George, William Hurdle) underground disco/house instrumental on Private Stock Records
1979: The song was covered by Bette Midler for her album Thighs and Whispers and released as a 12" single, the song lasting 6:56, and it peaked at No. 98 on the U.S. Dance Charts. The song was also performed in her concert film Divine Madness and is included on the soundtrack album (3:52). The song was included during her Las Vegas show, The Showgirl Must Go On (2008–2010).
1980: The song was featured in the field repertoire of the Bridgemen Drum & Bugle Corps (Bayonne, New Jersey). The Bridgemen missed winning that season's Drum Corps International world championship title by 0.55.
1984: The Australian teenage indie band the Lighthouse Keepers recorded a version of "Big Noise" featuring a C melody sax on their album Tales of the Unexpected.
1999: A cover of the opening few seconds of the song are sung by the character Phoebe Sparrow in episode 56 of the British TV series Goodnight Sweetheart, "Something Fishie".
2002: The Japanese jazz group Ego-Wrappin' covered the song on their album Night Food.
2005: Bassist Kyle Eastwood recorded an arrangement on his album Paris Blue.
2008: The Austin, Texas band Asylum Street Spankers covered the song on their album What? And Give Up Show Biz?.
2009: In the UK, the song has been used in advertisements for direct.gov.uk.
2013: Miss Florida did a baton routine to the song in the Miss America pageant.
2013: The song was featured in the Macy's Thanksgiving Day Parade by the University of Massachusetts Minuteman Marching Band.
2015: Christine Ebersole, a singer and actress, brought her show Big Noise from Winnetka back to the Chicago area. The show included the jazz song and stories from her life in Winnetka, Illinois.
In popular culture
According to an interview with Canadian animator Danny Antonucci, the theme song for his hit Cartoon Network show Ed, Edd n Eddy was inspired by "Big Noise" and includes a similar baseline and whistled melody.
References
External links
Audio of "Big Noise from Winnetka"
Bette Midler songs
Songs with music by Bob Haggart
1938 songs |
20468158 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rajdevi | Rajdevi | Rajdevi (Nepali: राजदेवी) is a municipality in Rautahat District, a part of Province No. 2 in Nepal. It was formed in 2016 occupying current 9 sections (wards) from previous 9 former VDCs. It occupies an area of 28.21 km2 with a total population of 31,212.
References
Populated places in Rautahat District
Nepal municipalities established in 2017
Municipalities in Madhesh Province |
20468163 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pododesmus%20macrochisma | Pododesmus macrochisma | Pododesmus macrochisma, common name the green falsejingle or the Alaska jingle, is a species of saltwater clam, a marine bivalve mollusc in the family Anomiidae, the jingle shells.
This species inhabits the northwest Sea of Japan, and more specifically, the coast of the South Primorye at Hokkaido Island, the northern part of Honshu Island, off the southern and eastern Sakhalin in the Kuril Islands, and in the east of Kamchatka in the Commander and Aleutian Islands. More recently it has been found in the Chukchi Sea near Alaska, potentially due to global warming.
References
Huber, M. (2010). Compendium of bivalves. A full-color guide to 3,300 of the world’s marine bivalves. A status on Bivalvia after 250 years of research. Hackenheim: ConchBooks. 901 pp., 1 CD-ROM.
External links
Anomiidae |
23575411 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dating%20in%20the%20Dark | Dating in the Dark | Dating in the Dark () is a reality show created in the Netherlands where 3 single men and 3 single women move into a light-tight house getting to know each other and form bonds in total darkness.
Format
Dating
Three men and three women are sequestered in separate wings of the house, unable to have any conversation or contact with the opposite sex unless in the dark room. Initially, all six contestants have a group date in which they all sit at a table in the dark room exchanging names and getting to know one another's voices and personality types. After this date, each contestant can invite another contestant for a one-on-one date; these dates are also held in the dark room.
Throughout the show, the host provides the men and women with additional insights by providing personality profiles showing which contestants are their best matches and also allowing them to view items the others have brought to the house, such as items of clothing or luggage. Other episodes include sketch artists drawing contestants' impressions of each other.
After the one-on-one dates, each contestant can choose to invite another that they wish to see. The contestants enter the dark room for the final time and are revealed to each other one at a time. During the reveal process the couple must remain silent.
The Reveal Process
While being shown in the light, a contestant cannot see the other contestant's reaction. Each contestant is standing at opposite ends of the dark room with a very large two-way mirror between them. A color camera films from the dark side of the mirror while the other is illuminated on the other side. A separate infrared camera films the person on the dark side's reaction; the two images are combined in post-production. This is done, in part, by using video editing software to fade the infrared image of the person being revealed to black before they are illuminated, then seamlessly showing the color image of the person being revealed as it is faded in and out. During the reveal process the couple must remain silent.
The Balcony
The show culminates with each contestant choosing whether to meet another on the balcony of the house. The contestant will go to the balcony and wait for his or her prospective partner to join him or her. Joining the other on the balcony signifies that the contestants both want to pursue a relationship; exiting the house through the front door signifies that they do not want to pursue a relationship. Cameras are set up to show both the meeting balcony and the front door.
International versions
References
External links
Dutch version official website
Australian version official website
Finnish version official website
Israeli version official website
Dating and relationship reality television series |
6900703 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fullerton%20Fire%20Department | Fullerton Fire Department | The Fullerton Fire Department is the agency that provides fire protection and emergency medical services for Fullerton, California. The department is responsible for an area of approximately that has a population of just over 135,000 as of 2010.
History
The Fullerton Fire Department was formally established as a volunteer department on August 10, 1908. The initial apparatus included a hand-drawn hook and ladder truck, a hand-drawn chemical wagon, and some ancillary equipment. In 1913 the voters passed a $5,000 bond issue, which was used to purchase the first piece of motorized apparatus, a 1913 Seagrave triple-combination (ladder, hose, and chemical) engine that was housed in rented quarters in the 200 block of North Spadra (now Harbor Boulevard). The city's first formal fire station was opened in 1926 in the 100 block of West Wilshire Avenue. This building housed the department's apparatus on the ground floor, while the second floor housed the city hall. In 1942, when a new city hall was built, the second floor of the Wilshire Avenue building was converted into sleeping quarters for the firefighters.
A second station was added at Brookhurst and Valencia in 1953 to serve the west side of the city, and a third was added at 700 S. Acacia to serve the east side of the city. By 1961 the department had made the transition from a volunteer department to one staffed by career firefighters. A bond issue passed in the mid-1960s funded the construction of a new fire department headquarters building at 312 E. Commonwealth. At that time the Wilshire Avenue station was leveled. The same bond funded the construction of a fourth station at 3251 N. Harbor Blvd. to serve the north-central part of the city, and a fifth station at 2555 E. Yorba Linda Blvd. to serve the rapidly growing east side of the city, which included the Cal State Fullerton campus.
A sixth station was opened at 1500 North Gilbert on the west side of the city in 1968. In 2004 this station was replaced by a new $3.4 million station that was built for the city by private developers as part of an agreement that allowed the developers to build on property owned by Chevron Land and Development.
On May 3, 2011 Fullerton and the Brea Fire Department from the adjacent city of Brea entered into an agreement to share the command structure of their respective fire departments. Under this agreement both share a fire chief, three division chiefs (operations, fire marshal, and administration), and four battalion chiefs (BC's). Three are shift battalion chiefs, and one is the battalion chief in charge of training. The command structure sharing agreement, will save Fullerton $463,000 annually, and will save Brea $881,000 annually.
Metro Cities Fire Authority
The Fullerton Fire Department is part of the Metro Cities Fire Authority which provides emergency communications for multiple departments in and around Orange County. The call center, known as Metro Net Fire Dispatch, is located in Anaheim and provides 9-1-1 fire and EMS dispatch to over 1.2 million residence covering an area of . Other departments included in Metro Net include Anaheim Fire Department, Brea Fire Department, Fountain Valley, Huntington Beach Fire Department, Newport Beach Fire Department, Orange Fire Department and Orange County Fire Authority.
The Fullerton Fire Department also is part of the Orange County 800 MHz Countywide Coordinated Communications System. This system provides radio communications to law enforcement, fire services, public works departments, lifeguard, and marine safety services throughout the county. This system facilitates interoperability between units from different agencies, and makes possible a virtually seamless mutual aid system throughout the county.
Additionally, the Fullerton Fire Department is part of the county-wide automatic mutual aid system, which ensures that the nearest available fire and paramedic units are dispatched to a call regardless of the location. Fire departments throughout the county, including Fullerton, employ the incident command system routinely to coordinate resources during significant events. The automatic mutual aid system is used to dispatch resources from Fullerton and surrounding jurisdictions as needed in the event of a multiple alarm fire or other major emergency within the city. The automatic mutual aid system also is used to dispatch resources to incidents within the city when Fullerton units are unavailable owing to prior assignments, or for incidents occurring near the city limits in cases where the unit(s) from another jurisdiction can respond more quickly.
Stations & Apparatus
The Fullerton Fire Department currently has six fire stations strategically located throughout the city.
Community Emergency Response Team
The Community Emergency Response Team for the city of Fullerton is sponsored by the Fullerton Fire Department. The Fullerton CERT is integrated into the command structure of the fire department. The team has its own volunteer command structure, which reports directly to the fire department battalion chief in charge of training. The team generally sponsors three training academies for the general public each year, which are open to those people over 18 years of age who reside or work in the city. Those persons who complete the training academy, which covers the standard, basic CERT training curriculum provided by the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) are eligible to become active members of Fullerton CERT provided that they successfully complete a fingerprint live scan and background check.
In the event of a major emergency that affects the city, Fullerton CERT is activated by the fire chief (or his designee).
References
External links
Fire departments in California
Emergency services in Orange County, California
Fire Department
Government of Fullerton, California
1908 establishments in California |
6900705 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polygnotos%20%28vase%20painter%29 | Polygnotos (vase painter) | Polygnotos (active approx. 450 - 420 BCE), a Greek vase-painter in Athens, is considered one of the most important vase painters of the red figure style of the high-classical period. He received his training in the workshop of the Niobid Painter and specialized in monumental vases, as in the manner of Polygnotos of Thasos, after whom he probably designated himself. He was the leading vase painter of the Group of Polygnotos which carries his name.
He painted particularly large containers such as stamnoi, kraters, hydria and shoulder amphorae, as well as Nolan amphorae and pelike.
Beside this famous vase painter two further vase painters have the name Polygnotos. They have become known in the scholarly literature as the Lewis Painter and the Nausikaa Painter.
References
Further reading
5th-century BC deaths
Ancient Greek vase painters
Ancient Athenians
Year of birth unknown |
6900715 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Port%20Fulton%2C%20Indiana | Port Fulton, Indiana | Port Fulton was a town located two miles up the river from Louisville, within present-day Jeffersonville, Indiana. At its height it stretched from the Ohio River to modern-day 10th Street, and from Crestview to Jefferson/Main Streets.
Port Fulton was laid out in 1835 by Victor Neff, and named for Robert Fulton, the inventor of steamboats. Its original boundaries were present day Jackson Street (east), Division Street (west), and between Court and Charlestown Streets to the north. It became a magnet for those in the maritime business. Henry French, a steamboat builder, already had a home there. The Howard Family resided there. The shipyards of both French and Howard became Jeffboat.
In April 1853 the city of Jeffersonville attempted to annex Port Fulton, only to be stymied by its residents.
The third-largest Civil War hospital, Jefferson General Hospital, was operated there, formed from the Brighton estate owned by Jesse Bright that was confiscated by Union authorities.
In 1880 the population was 907; in 1900, it was 1,104. However, Port Fulton's population declined to 971 in the 1920 census. This allowed Jeffersonville to finally annex Port Fulton in 1926.
Gallery
References
Jeffersonville, Indiana
Geography of Clark County, Indiana
Former municipalities in Indiana
Populated places established in 1835
1835 establishments in Indiana
1926 disestablishments in Indiana |
6900716 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trochlea | Trochlea | Trochlea (Latin for pulley) is a term in anatomy. It refers to a grooved structure reminiscent of a pulley's wheel.
Related to joints
Most commonly, trochleae bear the articular surface of saddle and other joints:
Trochlea of humerus (part of the elbow hinge joint with the ulna)
Trochlea of femur (forming the knee hinge joint with the patella)
The trochlea tali in the superior surface of the body of talus (part of the ankle hinge joint with the tibia)
Trochlear process of the calcaneus
In quadrupeds, the trochlea of Radius (bone)
The "knuckles" of the tarsometatarsus which articulate with the proximal phalanges in a bird's foot
Related to muscles
It also can refer to structures which serve as a guide for muscles:
Trochlea of superior oblique (see also superior oblique muscle), a mover of the eye which is supplied by the trochlear nerve, or fourth cranial nerve |
20468172 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rajpur%2C%20Rautahat | Rajpur, Rautahat | Rajpur Farhadwa (Nepali: राजपुर) is a municipality in Rautahat District, a part of Madhesh Province in Nepal. It was formed in 2016 occupying current 9 sections (wards) from previous 9 former VDCs. It occupies an area of 31.41 km2 with a total population of 41,136 as of 2011.
References
Populated places in Rautahat District
Nepal municipalities established in 2017
Municipalities in Madhesh Province |
23575425 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hotaru%20Hazuki | Hotaru Hazuki | is a Japanese actress and gravure model known for her work on the stage and in more pink films. She has appeared in award-winning pink films and was given "Best Actress" awards at the Pink Grand Prix for her work in this genre in 1995 and 1996. Including second-place awards, Hazuki has won five awards in the Best Actress category and one Best New Actress award, a record at the Pink Grand Prix. She has been called the "Queen of Pink Eiga" and the "Last Pink Actress."
Life and career
Hotaru Hazuki was born in Fukushima Prefecture in 1970 as . She joined the Suizokukan Gekijō (Aquarium Theater) theatrical group while in university. Besides performing in the groups' productions, she works as co-organizer. She uses her birth name in her stage career.
Hazuki made her screen debut in director Takahisa Zeze's 1993 film Modern Story About Bandits aka The Legend of the Thief. Her role in Toshiya Ueno's Keep on Masturbating: Non-Stop Pleasure (1994) won her the Best New Actress, 2nd Place at the Pink Grand Prix. To pink film audiences she is known less for her beauty than for her strong stage presence and unique vocal performance. Anglophone pink film critic Jasper Sharp notes her "aloof, composed and slightly melancholic figure."
She became closely associated with the work of Toshiki Satō, starring in some of his highest-regarded films, including the Pink Grand Prix Best Film-winners Blissful Genuine Sex: Penetration! (1995) and Adultery Diary: One More Time While I'm Still Wet (1996). Hazuki was given the Best Actress award for her work in both films. Her work in Satō's Apartment Wife: Midday Adultery (1997), Ueno's The Lustful Sister-in-Law 2: Erotic Games (1999) and pink film actor-director Yutaka Ikejima's Obscene Stalker: It Holds in Darkness! (2002) won her the Best Actress Silver Prize in three more of the annual ceremonies.
In recent years Hazuki has appeared in mainstream films such as Man Walking on Snow, which screened in the Un Certain Regard section at the 2001 Cannes Film Festival. The cast listing gives her name as Sayoko Ishii.
References
|-
! colspan="3" style="background: #DAA520;" | Pink Grand Prix
|-
|-
External links
English
Japanese
1970 births
Japanese film actresses
Japanese female adult models
Japanese gravure idols
Pink film actors
Living people
Actors from Fukushima Prefecture
Models from Fukushima Prefecture |
44498159 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wout%20van%20Aert | Wout van Aert | Wout van Aert (born 15 September 1994) is a Belgian professional road and cyclo-cross racer who currently rides for UCI WorldTeam . He won the men's elite race at the UCI Cyclo-cross World Championships in 2016, 2017 and 2018. He joined in March 2019, on a three-year deal after terminating his contract with in 2018.
Career
Van Aert was born in Herentals, Flanders, into a family not involved in bike racing. One of his father's cousins is Dutch former professional cyclist Jos van Aert. He started his career in cyclo-cross where he became World champion (2016, 2017, 2018) and Belgian champion (2016, 2017, 2018, 2021, 2022).
He rode the 2018 Strade Bianche, held partly on gravel roads in torrential rain. He broke away with Romain Bardet () and the pair led the race for much of the final before Tiesj Benoot () attacked from a chasing group to catch and then drop them in the final sector of dirt roads. Benoot soloed to victory by 39 seconds ahead of Bardet, who dropped van Aert in the final kilometre; van Aert ultimately completed the podium a further 19 seconds in arrears, despite having to remount his bicycle after falling on the final climb in Siena.
Transfer controversy
Van Aert rode with the team during road races in 2018. Over the year, he expressed dissatisfaction with the news that the team was set to merge with for 2019. Having already signed a contract to ride with from 2020 onwards, he terminated his contract with in September 2018. Were he to join another team for 2019, Sniper Cycling – the owners of the team – were said to be demanding €500,000 in compensation. were reported to be interested in signing van Aert a year earlier than originally agreed, and confirmation of the transfer was announced in December 2018, with van Aert joining the team from 1 March 2019.
Jumbo–Visma (2019–present)
2019
In June 2019, van Aert won two stages and the green jersey in the Critérium du Dauphiné, became national time trial champion, and won the bronze medal in the road race at the national championship. In July 2019, he was named in the startlist for the Tour de France. On 15 July, van Aert won Stage 10 from Saint-Flour to Albi, in a sprint finish ahead of Elia Viviani and Caleb Ewan. On 19 July, he had a crash during the individual time trial stage in Pau, and was forced to abandon the race due to his injuries. It was not known at the time whether he would recover for the cyclocross season or even the classics at the start of the 2020 road cycling season.
Van Aert later told newspaper Het Laatste Nieuws that the crash was so severe that it could have ended his career, worsened by a mistake during his surgery, when doctors did not properly work on one of his tendons. In November 2019, van Aert won the Flandrien of the Year award.
2020
On 1 August 2020, van Aert won the first rescheduled 2020 UCI World Tour race to be held following the COVID-19 pandemic, 2020 Strade Bianche after attacking solo with around 13 kilometres remaining. The following week, van Aert won the rescheduled 2020 Milan–San Remo after outsprinting French rider Julian Alaphilippe, the defending champion, of , in a two-up sprint, after the duo had broken away from the peloton on the descent of the Poggio. On 2 September 2020, he won the 5th stage of the Tour de France from Gap to Privas, in a light uphill sprint. He also won the sprint in the 7th stage Millau to Lavaur. At the 2020 World Championships in Imola van Aert won the silver medal in both the individual time trial and in the road race.
2021
Van Aert started the 2021 road season on 6 March at the Strade Bianche and came in fourth place. He then rode the Tirreno-Adriatico with Overall aspirations, winning the opening stage in a bunch sprint ahead of elite sprinters like Caleb Ewan and Elia Viviani. After consistent and strong performances in the rest of the race, including a victory in the last stage, a 10.1 kilometre time trial, he managed to win the points classification and finish second in the general classification behind the 2020 Tour champion Tadej Pogačar. After Tirreno-Adriatico van Aert became third in Milan–San Remo behind Jasper Stuyven and Caleb Ewan. On 28 March van Aert sprinted to victory in Gent-Wevelgem after making the winning selection during the early stages of the race. On 18 April van Aert won the Amstel Gold Race after a thrilling sprint which was decided by a photofinish before Tom Pidcock.
On 7 July van Aert won Stage 11 of the 2021 Tour de France by attacking on the last climb of Mount Ventoux over 32 kilometres from the finish. Afterwards van Aert said this victory on such an iconic mountain stage was the biggest win of his career. On 17 July 2021 Wout Van Aert won Stage 20, which was a 30.8 km individual time trial, in the time of 0h 35’ 53" [50.3 km/h]. On 18 July 2021 Wout van Aert won Stage 21 winning the 108.4 km final stage of the 2021 Tour de France to take his third stage win in the 108th Tour de France race, crossing the finish line on the Champs-Élysées beating Jasper Philipsen to second place and Mark Cavendish to third place. After the race, van Aert said that "I guess I gave myself a problem because I have to catch a flight tonight (to the Olympics) and all these interviews will take a while... (but) to win three stages like this is priceless". He was the first rider to win a mountain stage, a time trial and a bunch sprint at the same Tour since Bernard Hinault in 1979.
In the Olympic road race he finished 1' 07" behind winner Richard Carapaz but won the sprint in the chasing group, earning the silver medal.
In September 2021, van Aert won the Tour of Britain.
At the 2021 UCI Road World Championships he earned the silver medal in the individual time trial.
2022
Van Aert started the 2022 road season with a win in the Omloop Het Nieuwsblad after a 13 kilometre solo attack. He then won the time trial in Paris-Nice as well as the points classification. In the first monument of the year, Milan - San Remo, van Aert came 8th. He then won the E3 Saxo Bank Classic in an uncontested sprint with teammate Christophe Laporte with whom they attacked together on the Paterberg with 40 kilometres to Harelbeke and finished the race over one and a half minute ahead of the next group. A couple of days before the Tour of Flanders van Aert tested positive for COVID-19 and he had to forsake participation in the Tour of Flanders and the Amstel Gold Race. After two weeks without racing, van Aert returned with a second place in Paris-Roubaix. A week later, he came third on his debut in the Ardennes monument Liège–Bastogne–Liège.
Van Aert started off the 2022 Tour de France with three second place finishes, including the opening stage time trial, and stage 2 and 3 sprints. His results were good enough to take over the yellow and green jerseys after stage 2. Stage 4 was expected to be another bunch sprint finish, but with 10 kilometres to go Team Jumbo-Visma orchestrated an attack up the final climb of the day, the 900-metre ascent up Cote du Cap Blanc-Nez. At the top of the climb, Van Aert broke free and rode solo to the finish, flapping his arms like he was flying as he crossed the finish line. Adam Blythe of Eurosport commented that he had never seen an attack like this before, and Phil Liggett, an analyst for the American TV audience on NBC, said that this attack reminded him of Eddy Merckx. By this point, his lead in the points competition was substantial. Stage 5 on the cobbles was a near disaster for the team, but thanks in part to Van Aert's strong riding near the end of the stage the losses were limited. He lost the jersey on stage 6, after forcing the successful breakaway, but eventually he was caught and dropped. He rode much of the stage at the front of a three rider breakaway and eventually on his own being awarded the red number on stage 7 for his efforts. Stage 8 looked to be a day for a breakaway to win, but Team Jumbo-Visma kept it in check and ran the breakaway down at the foot of the final climb. The stage ended in an uphill bunch sprint with Michael Matthews and yellow jersey holder Tadej Pogačar leading it out. Wout van Aert at first appeared blocked out, but when a gap appeared he pounced—no one could match his speed. This was his second win in this tour, and his 8th individual stage win overall. By the end of the second week his lead in the green jersey competition was all but insurmountable, with Van Aert having more than double the points of 2nd place Pogačar. On stage 18, which ended with a mountaintop finish on Hautacam, Van Aert attacked at kilometre zero. He was brought back, but then attacked again in the following breakaways and essentially stayed away all day. On the final climb he broke the final two breakaway riders in Thibault Pinot and Dani Martínez. The only two riders to finish ahead of him were Pogačar and Vingegaard, who all but secured the yellow jersey, meaning as long as both Van Aert and Vingegaard arrived in Paris in the same position Team Jumbo-Visma would be the first team to claim both the yellow and green jerseys since 1997. He won the final ITT in stage 20, and was then named Most Combative Rider of the entire tour. On the final day in Paris he crossed the finish line about a minute after the sprinters together with his surviving teammates.
Personal life
Wout van Aert married Sarah de Bie in 2018, and the couple gave birth to their son, Georges in 2021.
Career achievements
References
External links
1994 births
Living people
Belgian male cyclists
Cyclo-cross cyclists
People from Herentals
Cyclists from Antwerp Province
Olympic cyclists of Belgium
Olympic silver medalists for Belgium
Cyclists at the 2020 Summer Olympics
Olympic medalists in cycling
Medalists at the 2020 Summer Olympics
Belgian cyclo-cross champions
Danmark Rundt winners
Belgian Tour de France stage winners
UCI Cyclo-cross World Champions (men) |
17329833 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Search%20cost | Search cost | Search costs are a facet of transaction costs or switching costs and include all the costs associated with the searching activity conducted by a prospective seller and buyer in a market. Rational consumers will continue to search for a better product or service until the marginal cost of searching exceeds the marginal benefit. Search theory is a branch of microeconomics that studies decisions of this type.
The costs of searching are divided into external and internal costs. External costs include the monetary costs of acquiring the information, and the opportunity cost of the time taken up in searching. External costs are not under the consumer's control, and all he or she can do is choose whether or not to incur them. Internal costs include the mental effort given over to undertaking the search, sorting the incoming information, and integrating it with what the consumer already knows. Internal costs are determined by the consumer's ability to undertake the search, and this in turn depends on intelligence, prior knowledge, education and training. These internal costs are the background to the study of bounded rationality.
There is an optimal value for search cost. A moderate amount of information maximises the likelihood of a purchase. Too much information to consumers may lead to negative effect. Too little information may not be enough to support consumers' purchasing decisions.
Search Cost Models
Numerous search cost models exist to depict the process of consumers searching for alternative goods and services.
Basic Price Search Model
The most basic search cost model serves as a foundation for subsequent models. Peter A. Diamond's Model of Price Adjustment illustrates that small search frictions have an important role in market structure, and a firm's capacity to deviate from Bertrand Competition.
Proposition of the model:
A unique nash equilibrium is: , where, s = Cost of obtaining price at quote with , CS = Consumer surplus and p = Price.
The model implies that search frictions can result in the perfectly competitive market price shifting to the monopoly price. However, Diamond's original model is rudimentary and ignores some empirical observations:
Agents in an economy only search once, whereas there is a continuous search for goods and services.
Few consumers search in equilibrium, which is inconsistent with empirical observation.
The model uses an alternative to the “law of one price”. The monopoly price is used as opposed to marginal cost, with no consideration for price dispersion in an equilibrium.
Heterogenous Search Model
Using Diamond's model as a base, a distinction is now made in the heterogenous search model. There are potential consumer heterogeneities for search costs being consistent with market observations (search costs can be 0 and negative). In 1989, Ingemar Stahl expanded on Diamond's model; the model has the same assumptions as Diamond's model with the additions of ‘shoppers’ (μ) having a range of search costs ().
Stahl's model addresses the three issues present in Diamond's basic price search model. Firstly, this model assumes that search costs are changing as ‘shoppers’ search costs change. Secondly, all searches are now assumed to be done in equilibrium with different qualities of searches being conducted by different consumers (refers to the changing fraction of ‘shopper’ and their changing search costs, as consumers search at different times). Finally, the model achieves price dispersion, which is consistent with empirical market observations.
Examples of Search Costs
Fuel Shortages
During the early and late 70s, The Organisation of Arab Petroleum Exporting Countries, or OAPEC, stopped all its exports to the US, South Africa, Portugal, and the Netherlands due to their support of Israel in the Yom Kippur War. Before the sanctions were imposed, the United States was receiving on average two thirds of its oil from OAPEC countries. This caused a big shortage of fuel. Motorists and business owners started having to spend more and more time looking for service stations with fuel in stock. Once a station was found motorists then had to wait in queues, sometimes as long as five miles, in order to fill up. In some areas odd-even rationing was even instated. This meant that on odd numbered days only vehicles with odd numbers as the last digit on their number plate would be allowed to buy fuel and vice versa for even numbers. Activities such as searching for fuel (the product) over time is called intertemporal search behaviour and is often associated with cross-sectional search behaviour. Motorists comparing fuel prices at different service stations at a given point in time is an example of cross-sectional search behaviour. These search behaviours result in a search cost to the consumer through the disutility gained in lost time. During stages of fuel shortages, such as those mentioned above, there is an overall increase in these search behaviours and thus an increase in search costs. Increasing search costs decreases the price elasticity of demand and thus suppliers increase prices.
Labour Markets
Job seeking activities such as finding vacant positions, gathering information about a firm, preparing a résumé and cover letter, preparing for an interview, and travelling to and from the job interview are examples of activities that incur a search cost from the individual. The larger this search cost is the more likely the chance that a worker will exit the market before initiating a search for a job. This is brought about by a combination of the low probability of finding a permanent job, as low as 19% in some studies/areas, and a low level of current capital. These factors also often cause agents to cease their searching activities after a number of failed attempts, even when the worker has cash on hand that covers the search costs multiple times. To maintain saving in excess of this minimum threshold value, the worker participates in temporary employment while conducting their search. This increases the staff turnover of the these companies. With increased technological integration of the advertisement and management of job opportunities as well as worker information and the provision of accessible and affordable public transport these effects can be treated.
Technology and Search Costs
With the rise in popularity and sophistication of computers and other electronic devices, the Internet was expected to eliminate search costs. For example, electronic commerce was predicted to cause disintermediation as search costs become low enough for end-consumers to incur them directly instead of employing retailers to do this for them. The reduction in marginal search costs of obtaining pricing information from electronic marketplaces through the implementation of the internet results in a downward pressure for the price of merchandise. Consumer's also have the ability to undertake comparisons of homogeneous products amongst competing electronic vendors, allowing them to purchase products which maximises their consumption utility. This is another factor contributing to the reduction in consumer search costs. The marginal search cost of obtaining quality information available to consumers has conjunctionally decreased, resulting in a decrease in price sensitivity. But using the Internet on a mobile phone can increase the cost of searching. The small screen size on a mobile phone can increase the cost of browsing information. For example, links that appear at the top of the screen are particularly likely to be clicked on the phone. That means ranking effects are higher on mobile phones suggesting higher search costs.
Electronic marketplaces have hindered the ability of electronic merchants to implement hidden costs such as transport and handling costs to obscure quoted prices. Commodity markets will evolve to display characteristics of the classical ideal of a Walrasian auctioneer as a result of electronic marketplaces as consumers have costless access to retailer pricing information and are fully informed. The competitive price taking equilibrium is a result of fully informed buyers as described within the classical market model. In oligopolistic markets, this equilibrium point represents Bertrand's zero profit equilibria. The effects of these Electronic marketplaces will translate to commodity markets by inciting price competition amongst retailers and shifting power to the consumers though the reduction in market power of the vendors.
Interestingly, studies have found that user search behaviour, and thus search costs, differ significantly depending on which device they use to access electronic marketplaces. Personal computer (PC) users are much less sensitive to product rank. That is, they add more products to their evaluation pool before deciding on a product. This suggests that the cognitive effort it takes to process information, and thus the search costs, are much higher when users access the internet through their mobile phones. PC users are also more likely to choose a product that is geographically further away from their location than mobile phone users. These differences are mainly due to the smaller screen sizes in mobile phones and their ability to overcome the geographic and time sensitivity limitations of PC computers.
Obfuscation and Search Costs
Price obfuscation is a strategy online retailers are implementing to derive further profits within electronic marketplaces and position themselves to regain market power. Obfuscation strategies within the classical search theory models represents consumers who are not fully informed simultaneously within the competitive a market through incremental increases in search costs, allowing firms to generate additional profits. Strategies include the development of products requiring additional purchases, or add-ons, which have large unadvertised mark ups. The use of a loss-leader approach is also implemented by online vendors to establish additional profits through the use of purposeful websites and advertisements designed to lure consumers into purchasing cheaper inferior goods and then to upgrade and purchase superior goods for higher prices.
Customers are negatively affected by obfuscation because of the price increases and direct costs it imposes on them. Although obfuscation is beneficial to firms, excessive obstruction of pricing information can lead to the collapse of a market. Interestingly, even firms who do not obfuscate their pricing benefit from the obfuscation conducted by other firms in the market. Since none of the consumers can compare prices, they still behave as if future search costs will be higher and thus the transparent company benefits.
See also
Analysis paralysis
Satisficing
Search theory
Perfect Competition
Price dispersion
Cost
References
Costs |
20468183 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rajpur%20Tulsi | Rajpur Tulsi | Rajpur Tulsi is a village development committee in Rautahat District in the Narayani Zone of south-eastern Nepal. At the time of the 1991 Nepal census it had a population of 3097 people living in 541 individual households.
References
Populated places in Rautahat District |
44498197 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economy%20of%20the%20Netherlands%20from%201500%E2%80%931700 | Economy of the Netherlands from 1500–1700 | The history of the Dutch economy has faced several ups and downs throughout the 16th and 17th centuries. It has undergone moments of prosperity and was one of the dominant world powers in the 17th Century. Its heavy involvement in the Atlantic Trade had a large impact on its economy and growth. There is no clear definition for the Atlantic Trade, but researchers have concluded it may be referred to as: Trade with the New World, and trade with Asia through the Atlantic including, but not limited to, imperialism and slavery based undertakings. Among the most important of these traders were the Dutch and the British. It is noted that these two nations experienced a more rapid growth than most due to their non-absolutist political institutions. This is only one of many beneficial factors that played a role in shaping growth and economic change within the Netherlands that occurred throughout the 16th and 17th centuries.
The Rise of Dutch Independence
The Dutch success in trade did not come without struggle and conflict. Studies show that the Dutch had several qualities that afforded their trade system to rise above other European states' throughout the duration of Atlantic trade. Dutch merchants have always had access and opportunities providing a gateway to profitable trade. They also obtained autonomy. Before the Dutch Revolt, the Dutch were under the control of the Habsburg Empire which limited the power of Dutch merchants and their influence on trade. The Empire had control and tried to gain even more over the fiscal revenues from the Netherlands. Conflict amongst the merchants and the empire began to grow and independence and new political institutions were the result.
During the Revolt, Dutch trade was revolutionized, and the 15th century marked a considerable expansion of the Dutch economy. Several important modifications were made to both the military and commercial strategies. Before long, the Dutch had gained access to Asian and American trade centers. Leading this drive to independence were merchants. Throughout this time the Dutch experienced growth in economic industries such as agriculture, shipping, and public finance. In 1590, the beginning of divergence between the South and North of Europe began to be noticeable, as well as the explosion of Dutch commerce and the early stages of Amsterdam growing as a large financial center. The growing Atlantic trade was edging out the once profitable Baltic route. With trade growing along this route and specialization prospering, the Dutch were ultimately victorious in their pursuits against the Habsburgs.
Israel states:
From 1590, there was a dramatic improvement in the Republic's economic circumstances. Commerce and shipping expanded enormously, as did the towns. As a result, the financial power of the states rapidly grew, and it was possible to improve the army vastly, both qualitatively, and quantitatively, within a short space of time. The army increased from 20,000 men in 1588 to 32,000 by 1595, and its artillery, methods of transportation, and training were transformed. By 1629, the Dutch were able to field an army of 77,000 men, 50 percent larger than the Spanish army of Flanders″
The Dutch prospered immensely during this time. The leading benefactor of this growth was trade and the means of which they manifested it.
They did so particularly through conflict and specialization. Now we see the importance of competitive goods, the Dutch traded what was in demand and the strategy proved to be very favorable for them. They were long distance tradesmen and had some breathing space as far as trade regulations went, which also contributed to their growth. This is in comparison with the previous Habsburg restrictions. In his article, Acemuglu uses this evidence to prove that Atlantic trade led to the enrichment of merchants, which resulted in the development of political institutions. Said institutions are responsible for constraining the power of the crown.
War and Conflict
The Eighty Years' War also goes by the name: ‘The War of Dutch Independence’ (1568-1648). The war was a spurred by a revolt of the seventeen provinces within the Habsburg Empire. Phillip II of Spain was leading the Habsburgs in the initial stages of the war. The war began due to high taxation within the Netherland regions. William of Orange, who had been exiled from the empire, led the revolting provinces to their first leg of success in the long war. Through the Dutch resistance and revolt, they had achieved the status of The Republic of the Seven United Netherlands in 1581 This declaration entered the Dutch and Habsburgs into a twelve-year truce, only to be disrupted once more by the start of a new war in 1619. The Thirty Years' War is known as one of the bloodiest wars in European history. It translated into a war of religions. It can also be recognized as a series of conflicts between feudalism and early capitalism (Evan, 2014: 36). The war ended with the Peace of Westphalia. The treated formally recognized the Dutch as an independent republic.
Fall of Antwerp
Antwerp was seized during the Eighty Wars' War from 1584 to 1585. Of the Seventeen Provinces and Northwestern Europe, Antwerp was the economic and financial center of these locations. Antwerp eventually became heavily involved in the rebellion against the Spanish Habsburgs. Ultimately, the city joined became the 'capital' of the Dutch Revolt. This status became official once they joined the Union of Utrecht in 1579. The Spanish held their ground against the defensive Dutch and because of their cannons and strong troops they proved to be successful in their siege of the land. Antwerp's Protestant population was forced to relocate or migrate from their once homeland. Many of the skilled craftsmen and merchants migrated northbound to ultimately provide the foundation for Dutch trade expansion and growth. Their new home formally became The United Provinces of the Netherlands or as previously mentioned: The Dutch Republic. Antwerp was also the home of the Shelde River Estuary Port. When the Spanish captured this port, it became a turning point in the war. Prior to the Fall of Antwerp, Portuguese had been sending gold, ivory, sugar, and other products from the Atlantic to the main port in Antwerp.
Dutch Trade Specialization: Competitive Goods
The United Provinces of the Netherlands were growing quickly when the truce was established. Their colonies spanned across five continents and their growth can be considered as what was ‘a new type of global trade and the formation of the world economy.’ The Dutch trade differed from its rivals in many ways. They paid close attention to the relation between risk and profit. If the potential profit was greater than the imposed risk, they were willing (and managed to) trade with their wartime enemies. The middle class played a key role also; they had a large amount of capital accrued within. Due to the Netherlands deficiency in mineral affluence, they had to find another source of profit. They began specializing in competitive goods. Competitive goods are defined as: A production of goods that are not dependent on a particular climate, deposits, and can be produced anywhere in the world. These goods included, but were not limited to: Scandinavian wood, means for shipbuilding, iron, copper, wheat, rye, North Sea Fish, and English wool. The Dutch faced the pressure of competition with several growing competitors. The Dutch focused on their growing agriculture, their domination in continental trade markets, and their widely praised skills as seafarers.
16th Century Dutch Economy
Fishing and agriculture shaped the economy of the Dutch in the 15th and 16th centuries. In the early 15th century, Antwerp in modern-day Belgium was the commercial capital of Northern Europe. The Dutch Revolt against Spanish Habsburgs had a large impact on the Fall of Antwerp in 1585. Those who inhabited those lands were in need of a new home that offered security. These peoples included merchants and Calvinist craftsmen. They eventually went to the Northern Netherlands. Holland and Zeeland were growing in population. These two provinces were also heavily involved in maritime operations and productions. For most of the 16th century, these lands were considered more rural than those of the southern Netherlands. They focused on slaughter cattle as a large means of trade.
At the end of the 16th century the Dutch had vastly expanded their maritime explorations. They spanned to Asia, the Mediterranean, and across the Atlantic. The Dutch were making their way to become a major world power. In 1595, Dutch voyages to Asia began with Cornelis de Houtman. The night before his voyage began, the Dutch had already established four trading networks within the Transatlantic. These networks included Spain with Spanish America and Portugal with their Brazilian colonial holding.
Transition to Trade of Non-Competitive Goods
Non-competitive goods are referred to as: goods that are produced in only one spot. Non-competitive goods include: sugar and tobacco from the Caribbean, tea, pepper, camphor, spices, sandalwood and teak wood from Southeast Asia, cinnamon and cloves from Ceylon, and Chinese and Japanese porcelain and silk. The Netherlands were becoming a melting pot for religious acceptation and variation. The goods they produced were affected by the religions of those who had migrated into their lands. The Dutch were able to overcome their Portuguese rival by manifesting such effort into the trade of these particular goods.
Some historians argue that sugar acted as the product that drove the expansion into the Atlantic by the Dutch. This trade pressured the Dutch to gain access to Brazil from South America. In 1585, Phillip II gave permission to Dutch rebels to take ships to Brazil in order to conduct business as a favor to Spanish Merchants. They originally sent three ships. A few years later, 14 Dutch ships continued sailing to Brazil, carrying cargo for these Spanish merchants. In between times of war, these ships frequently had to stop at a neutral country mid-trip and adopt a new nationality for the time being. By the late of the 1590s, approximately eighteen Dutch ships had gained access to Brazil. These ships would bring back mostly sugar, but also Brazilian wood, cotton, and ginger.
17th Century Dutch Trade
A truce that occurred amongst the Dutch Republic and Spain in 1609 opened up trade access to the Mediterranean to the Dutch. This was the first time Dutch ships had gained such access since they had entered into trade with Asia. The Dutch East India Company was established in 1602. It is also referred to as the VOC. This company was a crucial tool used to control Dutch colonial and commercial trade affairs. Investors within the company were granted an allotted percentage of profits depending on the sum of the capital invested. With the help of this company, the Dutch expanded their occupation to Cape Town, Ceylon, and Malacca. They also established posts for trading in the latter two places. VOC imports into Europe consisted largely of spices, tea, coffee, drugs, perfumes, dyestuffs, sugar, and saltpeter. Half to two-thirds of the worth of Asian goods imported into Europe were accounted for in Dutch exports of precious metals. It wasn’t long before other nations caught onto this business and followed the Dutch trend. In the beginning of the 17th century, A round-trip from Europe to the East Indies during this time cost between thirty and thirty-two Euros per ton. Halfway through the 17th century, though, prices dropped to between sixteen and twenty-three euros per ton. The fall in price was due to the Dutch having to deal with Asian revolts in their local waters, building forts, conferring agreements, displaying the flag, and often keeping away their fellow European competitors. All of these conflicts occurred leading up to 1640. In the time following, the Dutch East India Company developed a smaller fleet of ships to deal with these problems.
During the truce, the Dutch also began producing their own tobacco. They had originally 'bartered' with the Indians for tobacco, but after they expanded to the West Indies they began to produce their own. Before long, the Dutch were on par with the Spaniards in terms of how much tobacco they made. This product trade also established Dutch connections with Virginia. A huge segment of trade of Virginia tobacco fell into the Dutch realm. At the beginning of the 17th century, the center of Northern European tobacco trade was located in Zeeland.
Still in the midst of the Thirty Years War, Phillip III attempted to prevent the Dutch from furthering their growth into the West and East Indies. He did so by offering peace and independence in exchange. They declined, though, as they had already manifested a great deal of investors in the Dutch East India Company. In 1621, The Dutch West India Company was founded. This Company’s focus was primarily on trade with Latin America and Africa. The Dutch were prospering like never before from their newfound commerce and enterprise. The 17th Century was a time that the Dutch had experienced what was the highest standard of living in all of Europe. Their overseas trade within their two companies had afforded them to become the largest naval fleet in the world. This fleet was the means for the Dutch to patrol and dominate long-term trade routes. The fleet also allowed their colonial provisions and power to grow even further. Despite potential setbacks that fighting with the Portuguese could have caused the Dutch were successful in these battles in several aspects. They gained control over more territories in Southeast Asia. They included: Sumatra, Java, Malay Peninsula, southern region of Borneo, and the islands of the Moluccas and West New Guinea. They even expanded as far as a settlement in Australia; however it did not last due to lack of economic profit. The Dutch were so profit-focused that they even exchanged New Amsterdam for Archipelago with Britain. The small island in Moluccas was home to a large stock of spices.
Anglo-Dutch Conflict in the 17th Century
Relations with the British took a turn for the worst in the late 17th Century. In 1661, the British passed the Navigation Acts in order to prevent its colonies from trading with overseas merchants and/or vessels. This act was arguably passed as an offensive move towards the Dutch due to their triumph in global commerce. The passing of this act resulted in three separate Anglo-Dutch wars throughout 1652-1675. The first war lasted throughout 1652-1654. The British won this war and took with them 1,000 Dutch merchant ships.
The second of these wars was a result of two incidents. The first occurred when the English captured two Dutch posts located in West Africa and the latter incident being the taking of New Amsterdam. This was a rather detrimental war to both sides and ended due to exhaustion of materials and power. The war concluded, though, and both sides claimed victory in this war that lasted from 1664-1674.
The third Anglo-Dutch War the British gave support to the French to invade the Dutch. Due to common concern in waging war with the Dutch, both the French and British signed the Treaty of Dover. The Dutch had since allied with the Spanish (Nelson-Burns). The war resulted in the defeat of the Dutch. The Dutch were forced to retreat from southern trade and the English ultimately gained their losses.
Competing Nations
The Dutch had competed in trade industries with the British for a very long time. By the 18th century, the British had begun to catch up due to their mercantilist ideologies and practices. The fourth Anglo-Dutch war proved to be crucial in the downfall of the Dutch during their prosperous trading time. The British had sustained a blockade that proved to be impenetrable by the Dutch. Trading had come to a halt. Britain was on the verge of an industrial revolution and close to finally beating out its long time European competitors. Trade within the VOC was immensely affected by the loss of the Dutch in this war and they had maintained large amounts of public debts also. The company was of great importance to the Dutch and it was kept alive by the emergency aid coming from the States of Holland.
Notes
References
Acemoglu, Daron, Simon Johnson, and James Robinson. "The Rise Of Europe: Atlantic Trade, Institutional Change, And Economic Growth." American Economic Review (2005): 546-79. Print.
Boxer, Charles Ralph, The Dutch Seaborne Empire, 1600-1800, p. 18, Taylor & Francis, 1977
Braudel, Fernand. The Mediterranean and the Mediterranean world in the age of Philip II, Vol. II. Reprint,Berkeley:Universityof CaliforniaPress,1995.
De Vries, Jan. "The Limits Of Globalization In The Early Modern World." The Economic History Review (2010–12). Print.
Evan, Tomas. "Chapters of Economic History" (2014). Karolinum Press. Print.
Glete, Jan. War and the State in Early Modern Europe: Spain, the Dutch Republic, and Sweden as Fiscal-military States, 1500-1660. London: Routledge, 2002. Print.
Harreld, Donald. “Dutch Economy in the “Golden Age” (16th-17th Centuries)”. EH.Net Encyclopedia, edited by Robert Whaples. August 12, 2004
Israel, Jonathan I. “Spanish Wool Exports and the European Economy, 1610-1640.” Economic History Review 33 (1980): 193-211.
Israel, Jonathan I., Dutch Primacy in World Trade, 1585-1740. (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1989).
Maanen, H. van, Encyclopedie van misvattingen, (2002). Online.
Nettles, Curtis. British Mercantilism and the Economic Development of the Thirteen Colonies (1952). Print.
Nelson-Burns, Lesley. "The Contemplator's Short History of the Anglo-Dutch Wars." The Contemplator's Short History of the Anglo-Dutch Wars. Web.
Postma, J., & Enthoven, V. (2003). Riches From Atlantic Commerce : Dutch Transatlantic Trade and Shipping, 1585-1817 / Edited by Johannes Postma and Victor Enthoven. Leiden: Brill.
Tracy, James D. The Rise of Merchant Empires: Long-distance trade in the early modern world, 1350-1750. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1990.
van Zanden, Jan L. The Rise and Decline of Holland's Economy. Manchester: University of Manchester Press, 1993.
Early Modern Netherlands
Economic history of the Dutch Republic |
23575446 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donja%20Pi%C5%A1tana | Donja Pištana | Donja Pištana is a village in north-eastern Slavonia, situated in municipality town of Orahovica, Virovitica-Podravina County, Croatia.
Population
References
CD-rom: "Naselja i stanovništvo RH od 1857-2001. godine", Izdanje Državnog zavoda za statistiku Republike Hrvatske, Zagreb, 2005.
Populated places in Virovitica-Podravina County |
17329855 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hurricane%20Alma%20%281996%29 | Hurricane Alma (1996) | Hurricane Alma was the first of three consecutively named storms to make landfall on the Pacific coast of Mexico during a ten-day span in June, 1996. Alma was the third tropical cyclone, first named storm, and first hurricane for the 1996 Pacific hurricane season. It is believed by meteorologists that the storm originated out of an Atlantic tropical wave which crossed Central America in the middle of June. In warmer than average waters of the open Pacific, it gradually organized and it was first designated as a tropical depression on June 20 before quickly intensifying to a tropical storm. Early on June 22 the storm was upgraded to a hurricane and subsequently reached peak intensity of 969 mb, a Category 2 on the Saffir-Simpson Hurricane Scale. Alma made landfall on Mexico's shoreline, but it soon moved back out over water and began to weaken. Alma had severe impact in Mexico. Twenty deaths were reported. Damage is unknown.
Meteorological history
The origins of Alma is believed to be related to the tropical wave which spawned Tropical Storm Arthur in the Atlantic. Satellite imagery and upper–air observations indicated that the disturbance crossed Central America during the middle of June, entering warming than average waters of the Pacific. Initially, the system was located within a sheared environment, although it did not hinder development. The convection soon became aligned with the low–level center and during the overnight on June 20 it was designated as a tropical depression. The depression intensified and it was upgraded to Tropical Storm Alma later that day. The wind shear relaxed it was upgraded to a hurricane at early on July 22 while tracking generally northwest.
A mid–level trough located near Baja California and a mid- to-upper-level low over the southwest Gulf of Mexico began to steer Alma northward towards the southwest coast of Mexico, prior to reaching a peak intensity of 969 mb at 1200 UTC on June 23. Before long, the steering flow collapsed and the hurricane drifted further towards land. Later that day it made landfall near Lazaro Cardenas, although Alma quickly moved back over open water and meandered for about 36 hours. This made the hurricane the first of three consecutive storms to make landfall on, the Pacific coast of Mexico during a ten-day span. It weakened to a tropical storm over land, before moving back to the open waters.
However, a small portion of the circulation of Alma was still over land, and thus it was severely disrupted by Mexico's high terrain. Alma was tracking slowly along a path roughly parallel to the coastline, it was further downgraded to a tropical depression on June 25. Alma remained weak and dissipated on June 27.
Alma was forecasted well, with errors well below long-term averages at the time. Despite this, tropical cyclone prediction models were a mixture of accurate and inaccurate, with the Aviation and GFDL models performing badly and the OFCI model performing well. The errors in dynamic models was attributed to a lack of data on upper-air conditions over the ocean southwest of the cyclone.
Preparations and Impact
In anticipation for the storm, hurricane warnings were placed into effect along of coastline between the resorts of Zihuatenejo and Manzanillo. Hundreds of people were evacuated prior to the passage of the hurricane. Also, the Mexican government sent troops to the area to help with disaster relief, and the Michoacán state government sent five truckloads of bedding and medicines. Prior to landfall, 14 inches of rain was expected.
In the Mexican states of Guerrero and Michoacán, the hurricane generated estimated wind gusts of up to , and dropped large amounts of rainfall peaking at of rainfall just east of where it had made landfall. Also, there were reports of swells up to along the coast. Three people died in Lazaro Cardenas when their house collapsed. Alma ripped roofs off of some houses, downed power lines and uprooted numerous trees, Flooding for Alma left thousands homeless. Heavy rainfall resulted in major flooding in Puebla, which killed 17 people. In all, 20 deaths were reported in Mexico. Damage is unknown, since the official report has no damage figures.
See also
Other tropical cyclones named Alma
List of Pacific hurricanes
References
External links
National Hurricane Center's Tropical Cyclone Report
Alma 1996
Alma 1996
Alma 1996 |
20468189 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ramoli%20Bairiya | Ramoli Bairiya | Ramoli Bairiya is a village development committee in Rautahat District in the Narayani Zone of south-eastern Nepal. At the time of the 1991 Nepal census it had a population of 3724 people living in 705 individual households.
References
Populated places in Rautahat District |
17329859 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hadath%20%28disambiguation%29 | Hadath (disambiguation) | Hadath or Al Hadath (a definite article in Arabic) may refer to:
Places
Turkey
Hadath, full name Al-Ḥadath al-Ḥamrā', also known as Adata in Greek, a medieval fortress town near the Taurus Mountains in Cilicia, (modern southeastern Turkey), which played an important role in the Byzantine–Arab Wars
Lebanon
Hadath, Mount Lebanon, a municipality in the Baabda District of the Mount Lebanon Governorate in Lebanon
Hadath, Beqaa, town in the Beqaa Governorate of Lebanon
Hadath El Jebbeh, a Lebanese town in the Bsharri District in the North Governorate of Lebanon
Religion
Hadath (West Syrian Diocese), an ancient diocese of the Syriac Orthodox Church in the Malatya region (present-day Turkey), attested between the eighth and eleventh centuries and based in town of Hadath above.
Hadath akbar, a form of major ritual impurity in Islam
Ḥadath aṣghar, a minor ritual impurity in Islam
Others
Al-Hadath, an Arabic daily newspaper in Amman, Jordan |
17329872 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sintra%20%28disambiguation%29 | Sintra (disambiguation) | Sintra is both a town and a municipality in Portugal.
Sintra may also refer to:
Sintra (Santa Maria e São Miguel, São Martinho e São Pedro de Penaferrim), a civil parish within the municipality
Sintra Mountains
Palace of Sintra
Opel Sintra, a minivan
See also
Cintra (disambiguation)
Pedro de Sintra
Nova Sintra
Sintra-Cascais Natural Park
Convention of Cintra |
20468194 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vladas%20Michelevi%C4%8Dius | Vladas Michelevičius | Vladislovas Michelevičius (8 June 1924 – 12 November 2008) was a Lithuanian bishop for the Catholic Church.
Born in 1924 he was ordained as a priest on 31 October 1948. On 13 November 1986 he was appointed as the Auxiliary Bishop of Kaunas, Titular Bishop of Thapsus, and Auxiliary Bishop of Vilkaviškis. Michelevičius resigned as Bishop of Vilkaviškis on 10 March 1989. He retired in 1999 and died on 12 November 2008.
External links
Catholic-Hierarchy
1924 births
2008 deaths
People from Kaunas District Municipality
20th-century Roman Catholic bishops in Lithuania
Soviet Catholics |
20468199 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rampur%20Khap | Rampur Khap | Rampur Khap is a village development committee in Rautahat District in the Narayani Zone of south-eastern Nepal. At the time of the 1991 Nepal census it had a population of 3194 people living in 594 individual households.
References
Populated places in Rautahat District |
44498198 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Misra%20%26%20Gries%20edge%20coloring%20algorithm | Misra & Gries edge coloring algorithm | The Misra & Gries edge coloring algorithm is a polynomial time algorithm in graph theory that finds an edge coloring of any graph. The coloring produced uses at most colors, where is the maximum degree of the graph. This is optimal for some graphs, and by Vizing's theorem it uses at most one color more than the optimal for all others.
It was first published by Jayadev Misra and David Gries in 1992. It is a simplification of a prior algorithm by Béla Bollobás.
This algorithm is the fastest known almost-optimal algorithm for edge coloring, executing in time. A faster time bound of was claimed in a 1985 technical report by Gabow et al., but this has never been published.
In general, optimal edge coloring is NP-complete, so it is very unlikely that a polynomial time algorithm exists. There are however exponential time exact edge coloring algorithms that give an optimal solution.
Fans
A color x of an edge (u,v) is said to be free on u if c(u,z) ≠ x for all (u,z) E(G) : z≠v.
A fan of a vertex u is a sequence of vertices F[1:k] that satisfies the following conditions:
F[1:k] is a non-empty sequence of distinct neighbors of u
(F[1],u) E(G) is uncolored
The color of (F[i+1],u) is free on F[i] for 1 ≤ i < k
Given a fan F, any edge (F[i], X) for 1 ≤ i ≤ k is a fan edge. Let c and d be colors. A cdX-path is an edge path that goes through vertex X, only contains edges colored c and d and is maximal (we cannot add any other edge as it would include edges with a color not in {c, d}). Note that only one such path exists for a vertex X, as at most one edge of each color can be adjacent to a given vertex.
Rotating a fan
Given a fan F[1:k] of a vertex X, the "rotate fan" operation does the following (in parallel):
c(F[i],X)=c(F[i+1],X)
Uncolor (F[k],X)
This operation leaves the coloring valid, as for each i, c(F[i + 1], X) was free on (F[i], X).
Inverting a path
The operation "invert the cdX-path" switches every edge on the path colored c to d and every edge colored d to c. Inverting a path can be useful to free a color on X if X is one of the endpoints of the path: if X was adjacent to color c but not d, it will now be adjacent to color d, not c, freeing c for another edge adjacent to X. The flipping operation will not alter the validity of the coloring since for the endpoints, only one of {c, d} can be adjacent to the vertex, and for other members of the path, the operation only switches the color of edges, no new color is added.
Algorithm
algorithm Misra & Gries edge coloring algorithm is
input: A graph G.
output: A proper coloring c of the edges of G.
Let U := E(G)
while U ≠ ∅ do
Let (u, v) be any edge in U.
Let F[1:k] be a maximal fan of u starting at F[1] = v.
Let c be a color that is free on u and d be a color that is free on F[k].
Invert the cdu path
Let w ∈ V(G) be such that w ∈ F, F' = [F[1]...w] is a fan and d is free on w.
Rotate F' and set c(u, w) = d.
U := U − {(u, v)}
end while
Proof of correctness
The correctness of the algorithm is proved in three parts. First, it is shown that the inversion of the cdu path guarantees a vertex w such that w ∈ F, F' = [F[1]...w] is a fan and d is free on w. Then, it is shown that the edge coloring is proper and requires at most Δ + 1 colors.
Path inversion guarantee
Prior to the inversion, there are two cases:
The fan has no edge colored d. Since F is a maximal fan and d is free on F[k], this implies there is no edge with color d adjacent to u, otherwise, if there was, this edge would be after F[k], as d is free on F[k], but F was maximal, which is a contradiction. Thus, d is free on u, and since c is also free on u, the cdu path is empty and the inversion has no effect on the graph. Set w = F[k].
The fan has one edge with color d. Let (u,F[x+1]) be this edge. Note that x + 1 ≠ 1 since (u,F[1]) is uncolored. Thus, d is free on F[x]. Also, x ≠ k since the fan has length k but there exists a F[x + 1]. We can now show that after the inversion, for each y ∈ {1, ..., x − 1, x + 1, ..., k}, the color of (F[y + 1], u) is free on F[y]. Note that prior to the inversion, the color of (u, F[y + 1]) is not c or d, since c is free on u and (u, F[x + 1]) has color d and the coloring is valid. The inversion only affects edges that are colored c or d, so (1) holds.
F[x] can either be in the cdu path or not. If it is not, then the inversion will not affect the set of free colors on F[x], and d will remain free on it. We can set w = F[x]. Otherwise, we can show that F is still a fan and d remains free on F[k]. Since d was free on F[x] before the inversion and F[x] is on the path, F[x] is an endpoint of the cdu path and c will be free on F[x] after the inversion. The inversion will change the color of (u, F[x + 1]) from d to c. Thus, since c is now free on F[x] and (1) holds, F remains a fan. Also, d remains free on F[k], since F[k] is not on the cdu path (suppose that it is; since d is free on F[k], then it would have to be an endpoint of the path, but u and F[x] are the endpoints). Select w = F[k].
In any case, the fan F' is a prefix of F, which implies F' is also a fan.
The edge coloring is proper
This can be shown by induction on the number of colored edges. Base case: no edge is colored, this is valid. Induction step: suppose this was true at the end of the previous iteration. In the current iteration, after inverting the path, d will be free on u, and by the previous result, it will also be free on w. Rotating F' does not compromise the validity of the coloring. Thus, after setting c(u,w) = d, the coloring is still valid.
The algorithm requires at most Δ + 1 colors
In a given step, only colors c and d are used. Since u is adjacent to at least one uncolored edge and its degree is bounded by Δ, at least one color in {1,...,Δ} is available for c. For d, F[k] may have degree Δ and no uncolored adjacent edge. Thus, a color Δ + 1 may be required.
Complexity
At each step, the rotation uncolors the edge (u,w) while coloring edges (u,F[1]) and (u,v) which was previously uncolored. Thus, one additional edge gets colored. Hence, the loop will run times. Finding the maximal fan, the colors c and d and invert the cdu path can be done in time. Finding w and rotating F' takes time. Finding and removing the edge (u,v) can be done using a stack in constant time (pop the last element) and this stack can be populated in time. Thus, each iteration of the loop takes time, and the total running time is .
References
Graph coloring
Graph algorithms |
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