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23575590 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gornja%20Pi%C5%A1tana | Gornja Pištana | Gornja Pištana is a village in north-eastern Slavonia, situated in municipality town of Orahovica, Virovitica-Podravina County, Croatia.
Population
References
CD-rom: "Naselja i stanovništvo RH od 1857-2001. godine", Izdanje Državnog zavoda za statistiku Republike Hrvatske, Zagreb, 2005.
Populated places in Virovitica-Podravina County |
6900871 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hans%20Hilfiker | Hans Hilfiker | Hans Hilfiker (15 September 1901 – 2 March 1993) was a Swiss engineer and designer. In 1944, working for the Swiss Federal Railways, he designed the Swiss railway clock, which became an international icon. The SBB clock was not the only contribution by Hilfiker to modern living. He developed the concept of the fitted kitchen and was responsible for the standard Swiss dimensions for kitchen components (55/60/90 cm).
Early life
Hilfiker was born in Zurich, Switzerland on 15 September 1901. After attending primary and secondary school, Hilfiker completed an apprenticeship as a precision mechanic. He studied electrical and telecommunications engineering at the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Zurich and gained a diploma.
Career
Siemens
Hilfiker began working for Albiswerk Zürich, a Siemens production plant in 1925. He was transferred to Argentina in 1926 and became technical advisor to the telecommunications troops of the Argentine Army until 1928. His tasks included building workshops and mobile telephone exchanges, while also training telecommunications non-commissioned officers. As a senior engineer, he was involved in the construction of the Buenos Aires - Rosario telephone line through the Paraná River in 1929. He planned a submarine cable running through the Río de la Plata to connect the Argentine and Uruguayan capitals in 1930. The same year, Hilfiker was transferred to Berlin and trained for the role of operating a Siemens subsidiary in Argentina. The plan however did not materialize and Hilfiker returned to Switzerland in 1931.
Swiss Federal Railways
Hilfiker joined the Swiss Federal Railways (SBB) as an engineer in construction department III in 1932. In his first year, he developed the first iteration of the later iconic Swiss railway clock. The version which was first displayed at the Bahnhofplatz (plaza) adjacent of Zürich Hauptbahnhof (Zürich Central Station) lacked the 'minute' and 'second' hands. Hilfiker would improve upon the design with the addition of a 'minute' hand in 1943. The following year, the SBB replaced all its clocks across the country in an effort to have a consistent clock face, which were all synchronized by a master clock linked to the telephone network. Hilfiker became deputy head of the construction department and head of the fixed electrical systems services. Among other things, he also designed a gantry crane to load heavy goods from the road onto the rail, the platform roof for Winterthur Grüze station, and a timetable projector for the Zurich station.
In 1955, Hilfiker launched the final iteration of the Swiss railway clock, which had been in development since 1952. A 'second' hand resembling a red signalling disk was added, which would pause slightly at the twelve o'clock mark, before jumping forward with the minute hand (see illustration). It became an international icon.
Therma AG
Between 1958 and 1968, Hilfike was a director of Therma AG located in Schwanden of the canton of Glarus. He developed a completely new kitchen range for Therma that consisted of modules that could be combined with one another. Until then, Therma had been producing standalone devices. With these system kitchens, he laid the foundation for the Swiss kitchen standard SINK (Swiss Industrial Commission for the Standardization of Kitchens), which deviated from the European one (width 55 instead of 60 cm). A prototype based on this standard was shown at the EXPO 1964 in Lausanne. Hilfiker created an actual corporate design for Therma and restructured the manufacturing processes for the new fitted kitchens.
Death and legacy
Hilfiker died in Locarno, Switzerland on 2 March 1993. The final iteration of his clock remains in use today and is a protected trademark of the SBB.
References
Works cited
External links
Hilfiker family website (partial)
1901 births
1993 deaths
Swiss designers |
20468330 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shitalpur%20Bairgania | Shitalpur Bairgania | Shitalpur Bairgania is a village development committee in Rautahat District in the Narayani Zone of south-eastern Nepal. At the time of the 1991 Nepal census it had a population of 4612 people living in 875 individual households.
References
Populated places in Rautahat District |
23575620 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Whittington%20Low%20Level%20railway%20station | Whittington Low Level railway station | Whittington Low Level railway station is a disused station and was one of two former railway stations in the village of Whittington, Shropshire, England.
History
Whittington Low Level was a minor station on the GWR's Paddington to Birkenhead main line. Today this is part of the Shrewsbury to Chester Line. An automatic level crossing lies just to the north of the old station site.
In 1924 Whittington gained its "Low Level" suffix in order to distinguish it from Whittington High Level on the Oswestry to Whitchurch line of the Cambrian Railways.
Historical services
Express trains did not call at Whittington Low Level, only local services, though some travelled long distances and most gave good connections to places such as , and .
In 1922 passenger services calling at Whittington Low Level were at their most intensive:
On Sundays two Down (northbound) trains called:
both called at most stations to , with good onward connections to several northern cities.
they were balanced by two Up (southbound) services calling at many stations to , taking nearly three hours.
On Mondays to Saturdays five Down trains called:
three stopping trains to , and
two stopping trains which continued beyond Wrexham to Chester.
there were only four Up workings, three to Shrewsbury and one going through to Birmingham Snow Hill.
Local goods traffic remained significant until the expansion in road haulage from the 1950s. According to the Official Handbook of Stations the following classes of traffic were being handled at this station in 1956: G, P, F, H & C and there was a one-ton crane.
References
Notes
Sources
Further reading
External links
Whittington (Shropshire) stations on old O.S. map: via old-maps
Disused railway stations in Shropshire
Former Great Western Railway stations
Railway stations in Great Britain opened in 1848
Railway stations in Great Britain closed in 1960 |
20468335 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/KNLV-FM | KNLV-FM | KNLV-FM (103.9 FM, "King FM") is a radio station licensed to serve Ord, Nebraska broadcasting a country music format . It operates on FM frequency 103.9 MHz and is under ownership of MWB Broadcasting. JJ Johnnie James handles the morning show and is the host of a Party Line program.
External links
NLV
Country radio stations in the United States |
23575622 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rednal%20and%20West%20Felton%20railway%20station | Rednal and West Felton railway station | Rednal & West Felton railway station was a minor station on the GWR's Paddington to Birkenhead main line. Today this is part of the Shrewsbury to Chester line. The distinctive red brick station building (now a private house) can still be seen on the west side of the line.
History
Express trains did not call at Rednal & West Felton, only local services.
On 7 June 1865 it was the site of a rail crash which killed 13 and injured 30. The driver of a heavy excursion train from Birkenhead to Shrewsbury failed to see a warning flag for track maintenance approaching the station and derailed.
According to the Official Handbook of Stations the following classes of traffic were being handled at this station in 1956: G, P, F, L, H & C and there was a three-ton crane.
References
Neighbouring stations
Further reading
External links
Rednal & West Felton station on navigable 1946 O.S. map
Disused railway stations in Shropshire
Former Great Western Railway stations
Railway stations in Great Britain opened in 1848
Railway stations in Great Britain closed in 1960 |
6900877 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lockman%20Foundation | Lockman Foundation | The Lockman Foundation is a nonprofit, interdenominational Christian ministry dedicated to the translation, publication, and distribution of Bibles and other biblical resources in English and other languages.
The foundation's core products are the New American Standard Bible and the Amplified Bible, both evolving from the 1901 American Standard Version. By 2009, the foundation had distributed about 25 million Bibles.
The foundation was established in 1942 by F. Dewey Lockman (1898–1974) and his wife Minna Lockman when they donated part of their citrus ranch in La Habra, California.
Dewey Lockman led the foundation until his death, followed by Samuel Sutherland (1974–1979), and Robert Lambeth (1979–2017). Robert Lambeth was a donor to all six seminaries of the Southern Baptist Convention.
The foundation reported assets of $13 million and employment of 12 staff for 2020. Pike Lambeth has served full time as executive vice-president since at least 2009.
The declared purpose of the foundation is “to foster and promote the Holy Bible as the inspired and inerrant word of God through Christian, charitable, and educational activities.” Its doctrinal statement, established early in the foundation's history, is closely aligned with fundamentalism.
In common with most Bible translation projects, the foundation organized teams of scholars and pastors for the task. The Amplified translation of the Gospel of John was published first, in 1958, and the full text in 1965 (AMP). The New American Standard translation of the Gospel of John was published in 1963 and the complete Bible in 1971 (NASB). Substantial revisions to the Amplified version were issued in 1987 and 2015 and to the NASB version in 1995 and 2021. Both versions are offered in English and Spanish in various formats through the foundation's online store. The 2021 NASB is also identified as the Legacy Standard Bible (LSB).
The foundation sought to have the NASB translated further into several Asian languages and maintained a relationship with an evangelical alliance mission for over 30 years. As a result, a Japanese version was published along with versions in Hindi, Korean, and Chinese (in both Mandarin and simplified scripts). The relationship eventually soured, and lawsuits were filed in the US and Japan over copyright and other issues. In 1991, a US Appeals Court decided the cases should be decided in Japanese courts.
As of 2022, the foundation's online store does not offer materials in Asian languages.
References
External links
Lockman Foundation website
Christian mass media companies
Christian publishing companies
La Habra, California
Organizations based in Orange County, California
Organizations established in 1942
1942 establishments in California |
23575625 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baschurch%20railway%20station | Baschurch railway station | Baschurch railway station was a minor station located about ten miles north of Shrewsbury on the GWR's Paddington to Birkenhead main line. Today this is part of the Shrewsbury to Chester line. The station building (now a private house) can be seen on the west side of the line adjacent Baschurch level crossing; it was designed by Thomas Mainwaring Penson.
Historical services
Express trains did not call at Baschurch, only local services.
According to the Official Handbook of Stations the following classes of traffic were being handled at this station in 1956: G, P, F, L, H & C and there was a three-ton crane.
Although the station was closed the line has continued in use for through trains.
Accidents and incidents
On 13 February 1961, an express passenger train was in collision with a freight train that was being shunted at the station. The accident was due to a signalman's error. Three people were killed and two were injured.
Campaign for reopening
In September 2009, a local group was formed to campaign for the station to be reopened. An initial public meeting was attended by 250 people, and Arriva Trains Wales the franchise operator for the line agreed to re-examine the feasibility of trains stopping at Baschurch.
As of October 2011 the campaign continued, with the commissioning of new research into the feasibility of the reopening proposal. Funding for the study was declined by Shropshire Council, but now campaigners are to fund it themselves.
See also
Listed buildings in Baschurch
References
Further reading
External links
Baschurch station on navigable 1946 O.S. map
Baschurch Station Group
Disused railway stations in Shropshire
Railway stations in Great Britain closed in 1960
Railway stations in Great Britain opened in 1848
Former Great Western Railway stations
Thomas Mainwaring Penson railway stations |
23575630 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leaton%20railway%20station | Leaton railway station | Leaton railway station was a minor station located about six miles north of Shrewsbury on the GWR's Paddington to Birkenhead main line. Today this is part of the Shrewsbury to Chester line. It was at the top of the long climb up Hencote bank out of Shrewsbury. The station opened on 12 October 1848 and closed on 12 September 1960. The station building (now a private house) can still be seen on the north side of the adjacent Leaton level crossing on the east side of the line. A small industrial estate now exists at the former railway sidings.
Historical services
Express trains did not call at Leaton, only local services. It closed to passenger traffic in 1960.
According to the Official Handbook of Stations the following classes of traffic were being handled at this station in 1956: G, P & L, and there was no crane.
References
Neighbouring stations
Further reading
External links
Leaton station on navigable 1946 O.S. map
Disused railway stations in Shropshire
Former Great Western Railway stations
Railway stations in Great Britain opened in 1848
Railway stations in Great Britain closed in 1960 |
20468345 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fujicolor%20Pro | Fujicolor Pro | Fujicolor Pro was a line of professional color negative films from Japanese company Fujifilm introduced in 2004 for weddings, portraits, fashion and commercial photography. It originally comprised four emulsions: Pro 160S, Pro 160C, Pro 400H and Pro 800Z. Its main competitor was Kodak Portra.
In 2021 further production of the two remaining emulsions, Pro 160NS distributed in Japan only and Pro 400H distributed globally, was ended. Remaining supply from stock only.
History
The "Pro" film line was introduced in 2004 to mark the replacement of the last of the 'NP' series films, with the new 160 ISO emulsions adjusted to be finer grained (RMS 3 rather than 4) compared to their NPS/C equivalent and have a more neutral colour balance in line with the recently updated 400 and 800 emulsions.
The preceding 'NP' series of films were:
NPS 160 (–2004) Daylight balanced film for 'S'hort exposures. Replaced by Pro 160S.
NPC 160 (–2004) Daylight balanced film, higher 'C'ontrast than NPS. Replaced by Pro 160C.
NPL 160 (–2004) Tungsten balanced colour film, also for 'L'ong exposures. Not carried forward into Pro line.
NPH 400 (2002–2004) Daylight balanced film, renamed Pro 400H.
NPZ 800 (2002–2004) Daylight balanced film, renamed Pro 800Z.
All Pro films incorporate: sigma fine grain technology, neutral color balance for improved skin tones, a fourth cyan layer for improved color rendition under fluorescent lighting and were optimized for scanning and single channel printing. and have 'easy end seal' peel and stick tape on roll films.
Colors are generally 'cooler' than the equivalent Kodak Portra films.
All formats of Pro 800Z were discontinued in 2009/10 due to low demand. Pro 160C was discontinued in 2010 and Pro 160S was renamed Pro 160NS. However this film was only distributed in Europe, Asia & Australia (not USA). Pro 160 NS sheet film was discontinued in 2016. Pro 160NS in 120 was discontinued in the UK in late 2017 and in the rest of Europe in late 2018. Pro 400H was discontinued in all formats and markets in January 2021 and Pro 160NS in Japan in October 2021.
Emulsions
Pro 160C (2004–2010)
Pro 160C was an ISO 160 daylight-type color negative film designed for professional use, featuring a gradation design optimized for exposures requiring high-contrast results. It was discontinued in 2010.
Pro 160S and 160NS (2004-2021)
Pro 160S was an ISO 160 daylight-type color negative film designed for professional use, featuring more highly optimized skin tone reproduction, soft contrast (forgiving for portraits) and neutral gray balance, especially important for wedding and portrait photography. It was available in 135, 120, 220 (triacetate base) and sheet film; 4x5", 8x10" (polyester base).
In 2010 it was renamed Pro 160NS with no change to the emulsion, available in 120, 220 and sheet film and only distributed in Europe, Asia and Australia. 135 format was discontinued at the same time. With 220 already discontinued, sheet film was discontinued 2016. 120 format was stated as being discontinued in 2017 by retailers in the UK (no official announcement), remaining on sale from stock into early 2018. In late 2018 Pro 160NS was also stated as being discontinued by retailers in Germany with stock expiry dates of February 2019. It was announced to be discontinued in October 2021 in Japan. Predicted end of supply March 2022.
Pro 400H (2004-2021)
Fujicolor Pro 400H was an ISO 400 fine grain natural color professional film for weddings, portraits, fashion with fourth color layer on triacetate base. Formats: 135, 120, 220
The 400H emulsion was originally launched as NPH400 in 2002. The bright, colorful, and fine-grained 400 speed film featured improved skin tones, much more accurate color reproduction, better shadow detail, and wider exposure latitude. It featured Fuji's new peel and stick paper backing. Renamed in 2004 to Pro 400H and with new packaging to bring it into line with the new 160 line of films, but with no change to the emulsion.
220 format was discontinued in 2013 along with 135-24 exp and 135 multipacks.
In January 2021, Fujifilm announced that 400H was to be discontinued in both 135 and 120 formats in all markets. The reason for the sudden discontinuation compared to previous films on the range, was not lack of sales, but difficulty in procuring key raw materials for new master roll production. Predicted end of supply; 135 format - immediately in N.America (March 2021 in Japan). 120 format - Dec 21 in N.America (March 2022 Japan), later brought forward to June 2021 due to demand.
Pro 800Z (2004–2009)
FujiColor Pro 800Z was an ISO 800 fine grain natural color professional film for weddings, portraits, fashion with fourth color layer on triacetate base. It was available in 135, 120 and 220 format.
The Pro 800Z emulsion was originally launched as NPZ800 in 2002 and renamed Pro 800Z in 2004 with new packaging to bring it into line with the new 160 line of films, but with no change to the emulsion. It was discontinued in 2009/10.
See also
Kodak Portra - A similar family of films from Kodak
List of photographic films
List of discontinued photographic films
References
External links
Color negative films at Fujifilm global
Fujifilm photographic films |
23575631 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph%20Weber%20%28disambiguation%29 | Joseph Weber (disambiguation) | Joseph Weber (1919–2000) was an American physicist.
Josef, Jozef, Joseph or Joe Weber may also refer to:
Joe Weber (baseball) (1862–1921), Canadian outfielder
Joe Weber (vaudevillian) (1867–1942), American comedian
Josef Weber (1898–1970), German footballer
Josef Weber (1908–1985), German peace activist, recipient of 1983–84 Lenin Peace Prize
Gerald Joseph Weber (1914–1989), American judge
Joseph 'Jup' Weber (born 1950), Luxembourgian Green and Liberal politician
Jozef Weber (born 1970), Czech footballer
Characters
Josef Weber, key persona in 2013's The Storyteller (Picoult novel)
See also
Joe Webber (born 1993), New Zealand rugby player |
23575653 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shadows%20of%20the%20Past%20%281991%20film%29 | Shadows of the Past (1991 film) | Shadows of the Past is a 1991 Canadian suspense thriller TV film directed by Gabriel Pelletier and starring Nicholas Campbell and Erika Anderson.
Plot
After a mysterious car accident, photo journalist Jackie Delaney (Erika Anderson) wakes up in the hospital
with amnesia. Haunted by flashbacks of the accident, she checks out of the hospital determined to unravel the mystery
behind her recent past. Who was in the car with her, and who is following her now? After an attempt on her life, Jackie is assigned police protection and detective Sean MacFern (Nicholas Campbell) enters her life. Together, they will solve a mystery that goes beyond a mere accident and that enters the shady world of
internationals arms smuggling.
External links
1991 television films
1991 films
English-language Canadian films
1991 thriller films
Canadian thriller films
Films directed by Gabriel Pelletier
Canadian thriller television films
1990s Canadian films |
23575663 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander%20Bethune%20%28bishop%29 | Alexander Bethune (bishop) | Alexander Neil Bethune (August 28, 1800 – February 3, 1879) was a Church of England clergyman and bishop.
Early and Family Life
The son of the Reverend John Bethune of Williamstown, Ontario, the founding Church of Scotland minister for Upper Canada, Alexander Neil Bethune married Jane Eliza Crooks (1809–1861), the daughter of the Hon. James Crooks (1778–1860) and Jane Cummings (1791–1861). Alexander and Eliza had ten children. They included Robert Henry Bethune, a noted banker with the Dominion Bank. He brother John, also a clergyman, was acting principal of McGill University from 1835 to 1846. Other notable brothers included businessman James Gray, fur trader Angus and politician Donald. The family was part of the Family Compact, the political clique which ran Upper Canada for decades.
Career
Alexander Neil Bethune was ordained in 1824 and took charge of the parish at Grimsby, Ontario. In 1867, after a long and successful career, he was consecrated as bishop of the Diocese of Toronto by the Reverend John Strachan.
Rt. Rev. Bethune inherited a diocese quite fragmented from methods and policies attributed to Strachan and/or the Family Compact. These circumstances made his episcopate appear less successful. He was a humble man and some saw this as a weakness causing his message to be lost his generation.
Death and legacy
Bethune died in Toronto in 1879, shortly before the North-West Rebellion, and was succeeded as bishop by Arthur Sweatman. One of his sons, Alexander Bethune, continued the clergy family tradition, serving at Trinity Church.
External links
Biography at the Dictionary of Canadian Biography Online
Bibliographic directory from Project Canterbury
Alexander Neil Bethune
Anglican bishops of Toronto
1800 births
1879 deaths
People from Grimsby, Ontario |
20468347 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simara%20Bhawanipur | Simara Bhawanipur | Simara Bhawanipur is a village development committee in Rautahat District in the Narayani Zone of south-eastern Nepal. At the time of the 1991 Nepal census it had a population of 5,035 people living in 978 individual households.
References
Populated places in Rautahat District |
20468359 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sirsiya | Sirsiya | Sirsiya is a village development committee in Parsa District in Province No. 2 of south-eastern Nepal. At the time of the 1991 Nepal census it had a population of 1966 people living in 352 individual households.
Sirsiya is now known for its Inland Container Depot (ICD) or Dry Port that is very close to the border with India and connected to Raxaul railway junction in India across the border.
Sirsiya Inland Container Depot
The 6 km long metre gauge railway track from Raxaul was converted to broad gauge by the Indian railways to connect Sirsiya Inland Container Depot (ICD) (also known as Birganj Dry Port) that became fully operational in 2005. It facilitates direct movement of containers and break-bulk cargo from Kolkata port and other places in India. It has six full-rake railway sidings. It handles more than 20,000 TEU annually. Its can store 1568 TEU. It has been constructed on land.
The containerised cargo traffic of 20,000 TEU is almost exclusively import into Nepal. There is very little export in containers with less than 1,000 TEU cargo being exported annually. Break-bulk cargo of about 200,000 tons annually includes both imports and exports.
References
Populated places in Parsa District |
23575675 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sabil%20Abu%20Nabbut | Sabil Abu Nabbut | Sabil Abu Nabbut () also known as Tabitha's Well is a public fountain ("sabil") in Tel Aviv-Yafo, Israel, built in 1815/16 CE during the Ottoman period in Palestine. Its main purpose was to facilitate the journey between Jaffa and Jerusalem.
History and architecture
The sabil was built by the Governor of Jaffa, Muhammad Abu Nabbut in about 1815. It was intended to facilitate the journey between Jaffa and Jerusalem, and was part of Abu Nabbut's rehabilitation efforts in the city. It was seen by numerous travelers, merchants and pilgrims on their journey between the two cities.
Despite the fame of the sabil, very little is known about its origin and design. During inquiries in Jaffa in the 1870s, Clermont-Ganneau encountered a master mason named Ali Sida of whom he wrote: "This man, now of advanced age, directed all the works that were set on foot at the beginning of the century by the legendary Abu Nabbut, Governor of Jaffa, the same that gave his name to the pretty fountain, or Sebil Abu Nabbut..."
The building is a small rectangular stone structure with three domes with a sabil (fountain) in the middle. At each corner of the building is a cylindrical pier with projecting domed finials (now missing). The principal building material is kurkar stone, with some reused limestone blocks incorporated into the masonry, and marble used for decoration.
The principal façade of the sabil is its western side, with the fountain contained within a large shallow niche framed with cyma reversa moulding. The fountain is surrounded by four white flat marble columns set against a background of red marble. Above the two central columns is a plaque commemorating the construction of the sabil in 1236 H (1815-1816 CE). On either side of the sabil are windows. These windows were blocked up in about 1960. There are three-ridged domes that crown the building, as well as the multitude of finials on the domes and the small pinnacles that refine the building's silhouette.
The entrances are at the north and south sides of the building. Although now blocked, each entrance had an open iwan facing outwards. The arches are decorated with a band containing diamond-shaped lozenges.
The east side has a pair of windows , now blocked. In the centre of the east side is a doorway opening into the domed room at the back of the sabil. The interior of this room is undecorated, and is now used as a park keeper's hut.
"Tomb of Tabitha/Dorcas"
The fountain was pointed out to Western travellers as the "Tomb of Dorcas" (aka Tabitha, a New Testament figure), or more precisely as a Muslim fountain built at the burial place of Tabitha/Dorcas, as shown for instance by the caption of a photo taken around 1900 (see photo).
Sculpture garden
In 2000 a sculpture garden by the Israeli painter and sculptor Yigal Tumarkin was established next to the sabil.
References
Bibliography
Cited in Petersen, (2001).
Kana`an, Ruba (2001), Waqf, Architecture, and Political Self-Fashioning: The Construction of the Great Mosque of Jaffa by Muhammad Aga Abu Nabbut. In Muqarnas XVIII: An Annual on Islamic Art and Architecture. Gülru Necipoglu (ed.). Leiden: E.J. Brill. (.htlm link)
(Cited in Petersen, (2001))
Further reading
Kana`an, Ruba (2001), "Two Ottoman Sabils in Jaffa (c.1810-1815): An Architectural and Epigraphic Analyses", in Levant 33: 187-202
External links
Sabil Abu Nabbut, archnet.org
Survey of Western Palestine, Map 13: IAA, Wikimedia commons
Infrastructure completed in 1815
Ottoman architecture in Israel
Buildings and structures in Tel Aviv
Fountains in Israel |
20468360 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valentin%20Miculescu | Valentin Miculescu | Valentin Miculescu (born 4 September 1975) is a Romanian former footballer who last played for Liga II club FCM Reșița.
Club career
Miculescu had a spell in Hungary where he played for Békéscsaba Előre.
Personal life
Valentin's son, David Miculescu, is also a footballer.
References
External links
1975 births
Living people
Romanian footballers
Association football forwards
Liga II players
FC Politehnica Timișoara players
FC UTA Arad players
FC Bihor Oradea players
Nemzeti Bajnokság I players
Békéscsaba 1912 Előre footballers
Romanian expatriate footballers
Romanian expatriate sportspeople in Hungary
Expatriate footballers in Hungary
Sportspeople from Timișoara |
23575721 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Missa%20Cellensis%20in%20honorem%20Beatissimae%20Virginis%20Mariae | Missa Cellensis in honorem Beatissimae Virginis Mariae | The Missa Cellensis in honorem Beatissimae Virginis Mariae in C major by Joseph Haydn, Hob. XXII:5, Novello 3, was originally written in 1766, after Haydn was promoted to Kapellmeister at Eszterháza following the death of Gregor Joseph Werner. The original title as it appears on the only surviving fragment of Haydn's autograph score, that has been discovered around 1970 in Budapest, clearly assigns the mass to the pilgrimage cult of Mariazell, Styria. Until that discovery, the work was known as Missa Sanctae Caeciliae, or in German Cäcilienmesse, a title probably attributed to the mass in the 19th century. Whether the alternative title refers to a performance of the piece by the St. Cecilia's Congregation, a Viennese musician's fraternity, on some St. Cecilia's day (22 November), as has been suggested, remains speculation.
It is believed that the original manuscript was lost in the Eisenstadt fire of 1768, and that when Haydn rewrote the piece from memory, he may also have expanded it. It may have originally consisted of only Kyrie and Gloria, with the other parts added later. This Mass was known to Anton Bruckner.
The mass is scored for vocal soloists, SATB choir, 2 oboes, 2 bassoons, 2 trumpets in C, timpani, strings and organ, the latter supplying figured bass for most of the duration.
The setting is divided into six movements.
Kyrie Adagio (ossia Largo), C major, common time
"Kyrie eleison" Allegro con spirito, C major, common time
"Christe eleison" Allegretto, A minor, 3/4
"Kyrie eleison" Vivace, C major, common time
Gloria Allegro di molto, C major, 3/4
"Laudamus te, benedicimus te" Moderato, G major, common time
"Gratias agimus" Alla breve, E minor, cut time
"Domine Deus, Rex coelestis" Allegro, C major, 3/8
"Qui tollis peccata mundi" Adagio, C minor, common time
"Quoniam tu solus sanctus" Allegro di molto, C major, common time
"Cum Sancto spiritu" Largo, C major, common time
"In gloria Dei Patris" Allegro con spirito, C major, common time
Credo Vivace, C major, common time
"Et incarnatus est" Largo, C minor, common time
"Et resurrexit" Allegro, C major, 3/4
Sanctus Adagio, C major, common time
Benedictus Andante, C minor, cut time
"Osanna" Allegro, C major, common time
Agnus Dei Largo, A minor, common time
"Dona nobis pacem" Presto, C major, 3/4
While Jonathan Green finds the choral parts to be of medium difficulty, he finds the orchestral parts quite difficult, and recommends seasoned, "technically secure" players.
Notes
References
Dack, James (1982). "The Dating of Haydn's Missa Cellensis in honorem Beatissimae Virginis Mariae: An Interim Discussion", Haydn Yearbook 13
Green, Jonathan D. (2002). A Conductor's Guide to Choral-Orchestral Works, Classical Period: Volume 1: Haydn and Mozart, Scarecrow Press, New York
Hugues, Rosemary (1974). Haydn, J. M. Dent & Sons Ltd, London.
Larsen, Jens Peter and Feder, Georg (1997). The New Grove Haydn, W. W. Norton & Co., New York
Schenbeck, Lawrence (1996). Joseph Haydn and the Classical Choral Tradition, Hinshaw Music, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
Sisman, Elaine Rochelle (1997). Haydn and His World, Princeton University Press, Princeton
Strimple, Nick (2008). Choral music in the nineteenth century, Hal Leonard, New York
External links
Masses by Joseph Haydn
1766 compositions
Compositions in C major |
20468371 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Narcotango%20vol.%202%20%28album%29 | Narcotango vol. 2 (album) | Narcotango vol. 2 is a studio album by Argentine Carlos Libedinsky.
Track listing
2006 albums
Carlos Libedinsky albums |
23575762 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laramie%2C%20North%20Park%20and%20Western%20Railroad | Laramie, North Park and Western Railroad | The Laramie, North Park and Western Railroad was a railroad in the U.S. states of Wyoming and Colorado between Laramie, Wyoming and Coalmont, Colorado. It operated under several different names between 1901 and 1951 prior to absorption by the Union Pacific Railroad.
History
The railroad was established in 1901 as the Laramie, Hahns Peak and Pacific Railway Company by Issac Van Horn, who planned to construct the line to the mining camps near Gold Hill in the Snowy Range west of Laramie. Van Horn and his partners also invested in the mining camp of Centennial west of Laramie at the base of the mountains. Under the auspices of the Acme Consolidated Gold & Mining Company the partners constructed a sawmill, lumber yard, newspaper and other improvements. Fighting financial issues, the railroad did not arrive in Centennial until 1907 after mining operations in the Snowy Range has mostly died out.
The company opted to go south to North Park in Colorado. The company bought part of a coal deposit near Walden, Colorado and named it Coalmont. The first train reached Walden in October, 1911 and Coalmont in December. The line was very difficult and expensive to operate during winter. In 1914 the company was unable to pay its mortgage and the Colorado, Wyoming and Eastern Railroad took control of the line. In April 1924 the line was sold to new owners that renamed it the Northern Colorado and Eastern Railroad Company. The citizens in Laramie requested the name of the town be in the line, so in June it was renamed again as Laramie, North Park and Western Railroad. David Webster Adamson retired as general superintendent of the Laramie, North Park and Western railroad on June 1, 1941.
The line continued to struggle through the 1930s, and the Interstate Commerce Commission urged Union Pacific to take over. In 1935 the UP acquired control of the LNP&W, and Union Pacific ran the line under the LNP&W name until 1951 when the companies merged, the line becoming the Coalmont Branch of the Union Pacific, and the LNP&W depot in Laramie was closed. Shortline Wyoming Colorado Railroad bought the line in 1987, and subsequently abandoned it in Summer of 1999.
See also
List of defunct Colorado railroads
List of defunct Wyoming railroads
References
External links
Defunct Wyoming railroads
Historic American Engineering Record in Wyoming
Predecessors of the Union Pacific Railroad
Railway companies established in 1924
Railway companies disestablished in 1951
Defunct Colorado railroads
American companies disestablished in 1951
American companies established in 1924 |
6900885 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asagiri-class%20destroyer | Asagiri-class destroyer | The is a class of destroyer, serving with the Japan Maritime Self-Defense Force (JMSDF). It was the second class of first generation general-purpose destroyers of the JMSDF.
Background
The JMSDF started construction of a since FY1977. This was the first class of under the eight ships / eight helicopters concept. In this concept, each flotilla would be composed of one helicopter destroyer (DDH), five general-purpose destroyers (DD), and two guided missile destroyers (DDG).
However, due to constraints such as budget, design of the Hatsuyuki class was compelled to compromise in terms of C4I function and resistance and durability. Thus, destroyers to be built after FY1983, Asagiri class were changed to an evolved design with expanded hull and enhanced equipment.
Design
The hull is an enlarged type of Hatsuyuki class, and the hull form is of the shelter deck style. Also, as the latter batch of the Hatsuyuki class, the upper structure is made of steel, but since it was incorporated into the design from the beginning, the adverse effect on the movement performance was solved.
The engine room was greatly renovated. Instead of the COGOG propulsion system of the Hatsuyuki class, this class has the COGAG propulsion system with four Kawasaki-Rolls-Royce Spey SM1A gas turbines. With these powerful engines, it was possible to run at by driving only two of the four engines, especially the benefits of tracking a submarine were great. And alternating arrangement was introduced to improve resistance and durability, as in the steam turbine driven destroyers.
Equipment
The earlier batch was equipped the OYQ-6 combat direction system (CDS). This system employed one AN/UYK-20 computer as the same as OYQ-5 tactical data processing system of the Hatsuyuki class, but with expanded memories, it can exchange tactical data via Link-11, which the OYQ-5 does not support. Later, all OYQ-6 systems were upgraded to the OYQ-7, integrated with OYQ-101 ASW Direction System. All ships of this class were later retrofitted with the terminal for the MOF system, the key operational C4I system of the JMSDF which uses the Superbird SHF-SATCOM.
The surface-search radars were replaced by OPS-28. The air-search radars were updated to OPS-14C in the earlier batch, and in the latter batch, OPS-24 3D radars were introduced. This was a maritime version of the land-based J/FPS-3 early-warning radar, and first shipboard active electronically scanned array radar in the world. In the latter batch, electronic warfare support measures systems were also replaced by NOLR-8, completely newly developed with emphasis on anti-ship missile defense.
Its weapon system is basically the same as the Hatsuyuki class except for the minor change on its FCS. However, a new SH-60J was installed as a shipboard helicopter, so a large capacity data link device was installed. The hangar is enlarged in order to accommodate two helicopters, but only one helicopter is used operationally.
Ships in the class
Yamagiri and Asagiri have been converted into training vessels.
References
Bibliography
External links
GlobalSecurity.org; JMSDF DD Asagiri Class
Destroyer classes |
20468374 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tejapakar | Tejapakar | Tejapakar is a village development committee in Rautahat District in the Narayani Zone of south-eastern Nepal. At the time of the 1991 Nepal census it had a population of 3,296 people living in 605 individual households.
References
Populated places in Rautahat District |
23575763 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akaflieg%20Stuttgart%20fs16 | Akaflieg Stuttgart fs16 | The Akaflieg Stuttgart fs16, nicknamed Wippsterz (German: Wagtail) was a glider aircraft that was designed and built in Germany from 1936. Only one example of the design was constructed.
Development
Akaflieg Stuttgart wanted to build a glider with reasonable performance that was safe and simple to fly, the result was the fs16. The design employed a cantilever wing attached to the top of the fuselage; the rear portion of the fuselage was raised, similar to the Akaflieg Stuttgart F.1. The fs16 as constructed had no vertical tail, but used pivoting panels on the wingtips for roll and yaw control. It had no tail-skid, using a single large skid under the front fuselage with a spur extending rearwards for support and stability on the ground. Flight characteristics with the rotating wing-tip panels were not as expected so a conventional vertical fin on an extended rear fuselage, and ailerons constructed from fabric-covered Duralumin on the outer wing trailing edges, were added after initial flights.
Specifications
Similar aircraft
Schleicher Rhönadler
References
Further reading
1930s German sailplanes
Glider aircraft
Aircraft first flown in 1937
Akaflieg Stuttgart aircraft |
20468385 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tengraha | Tengraha | Tengraha is a village development committee in Rautahat District in the Narayani Zone of south-eastern Nepal. At the time of the 1991 Nepal census it had a population of 3503 people living in 637 individual households.
References
Populated places in Rautahat District |
6900887 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/R.%20Harold%20Zook | R. Harold Zook | Roscoe Harold Zook (21 May 1889 – 17 April 1949) was an American architect best known for his work in suburban Chicago, Illinois. He received a degree in architecture from the Armour Institute of Technology (now Illinois Institute of Technology, or IIT) in 1914. In 1916 Zook married his first wife, Mildred Barnard. They divorced in the late 1930s. They had one son, Harold Barnard Zook, who followed in his father's footsteps to become an architect in Corona del Mar, California. In the early 1940s, Zook married his second wife, Florence (Barkey) Nissen, whom he met through mutual friends (and clients). Zook died in April 1949, just short of his 60th birthday.
Early life and career
Roscoe Harold Zook was born in Valparaiso, Indiana on May 21, 1889, the sixth child of Florence and Dennis Coder Zook. His father was a builder, working as a master carpenter for the Pennsylvania Railroad in Fort Wayne. Zook's uncle, Jacob Steel Zook, was also a builder, most notably designing the Brumback Library in Van Wert, Ohio, now recognized as a Historic Place.
R. Harold Zook spent most of his childhood in Fort Wayne, attending the public schools and showing an early proficiency for art. He attended college at the Armour Institute of Technology. After graduating in 1914, Zook was named to the faculty and taught for four years. He also taught interior design at the Art Institute of Chicago and apprenticed under Howard Van Doren Shaw. In the 1910s, Zook served as President of the Architects Club of Chicago, and was a member of several local architectural clubs. In 1922, Zook made an unsuccessful entry in the Chicago Tribune design competition for their new Chicago building.
Zook built a home and studio in Hinsdale in 1924. In 1925, Zook partnered with William F. McCaughey, a fellow apprentice of Shaw, to start a new architectural firm, operating out of the Auditorium Building. Later, he opened a new office on the 17th floor of the Marquette Building. He designed thirty-four homes and buildings in Hinsdale from 1922 to 1953. Twenty-eight houses in the neighborhood are still occupied. He also worked in Iowa, Wisconsin and Virginia.
He is known for the "Cotswold style cottages" he designed which use details from Tudor architecture including timber framing, exposed beams, diamond-shaped window panes, and intricate brick or stonework. He developed a roofing technique that came to be known as the "Zook roof", with wood shingles laid out in an undulating pattern across the surface to recreate the appearance of a thatched roof. The roofers used "rolled eaves" at the edges of the roof to make a curved transition into the wall below. Zook designed ornamental ironwork for several of these houses using a trademark spider web pattern.
In partnership with architect William F. McCaughey, Zook designed the 1928 art deco style Pickwick Theatre in Park Ridge, Illinois. This was their only theater design, now listed on the National Register of Historic Places. The theater features a tower and lantern, a unique marquee and one of the original installations of a Mighty Wurlitzer theater organ.
Buildings
1924 - Harold Zook Home & Studio - Hinsdale, Illinois
1928 - Jensen House (or W. W. Thompson Home), 325 East Eighth Street, Hinsdale, Du Page County, IL
1928 - Pickwick Theater - Park Ridge, Illinois
1934 - Burns Field Shelter
1940 - St. Charles Municipal Building - St. Charles, Illinois
1948 - Aichinger Residence, 371 Kent Road, Riverside, Illinois
1927 - Private Residence Oak Street Hinsdale 2015 Luxe Magazine photo tour and article HGTV Faces of Design Dramatic Transformation winner with before and after photos
References
External links
"Zook Houses" Photo gallery and list of all remaining Zook houses in the area of Hinsdale, Illinois.
"Selected Bibliography on R. Harold Zook" Hinsdale Public Library.
"R. Harold Zook Cottage" Slideshow showing the relocation of the Harold Zook Home and Studio.
Architects from Illinois
American theatre architects
Illinois Institute of Technology alumni
Hinsdale, Illinois
1889 births
1949 deaths
People from Valparaiso, Indiana |
20468392 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tikuliya%2C%20Rautahat | Tikuliya, Rautahat | Tikuliya is a village development committee in Rautahat District in the Narayani Zone of south-eastern Nepal. At the time of the 1991 Nepal census it had a population of 3103 people living in 530 individual households.
References
Populated places in Rautahat District |
23575774 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George%20Lycurgus | George Lycurgus | George Lycurgus () (1858–1960) was a Greek American businessman who played an influential role in the early tourist industry of Hawaii. After Queen Lili`uokalani was overthrown in a coup by the Committee Of Safety, he ran afoul of the government of the Republic of Hawaii and was accused of treason. Later he was instrumental in the development of the Hawaiian Volcano Observatory and Hawaiʻi Volcanoes National Park.
Early life
He was born in 1858 in Vassaras (near Sparta, Greece). After his release from the Greek Army, his father decided to leave the family farm to an older brother and agreed to send George to America to join his eldest brother John, in California. In 1877 he traveled in steerage class to New York City, and worked his way across the country.
A relative convinced him to join a wholesale fruit business trading between Hawaii and California in 1881. In San Francisco he shipped California produce and wine to his cousin in Honolulu, who shipped Hawaiian bananas to the mainland. Through friends he learned of a small oyster house that was for sale in Sausalito and he was able to buy it. He named it the Oyster Grotto. By 1881, the Grotto came to be patronized by such notables as William Randolph Hearst and the sons of the sugar cane baron, Claus Spreckels. He became friends with the sons of Claus Spreckels, whose family owned the Oceanic Steamship Company and a sugar cane business in Hawaii.
In 1889 he was supervising shipment being loaded at the docks, when some of the Spreckels family invited him on board for a poker game. By the time he noticed, the ship was on its way across the Pacific. He spent only a week in Hawaii, but must have enjoyed the stay, since he took more trips and spent more time on the islands.
In 1892 he sent for his nephew Demosthenes Lycurgus, who would help him manage his Hawaiian enterprises. Along with other recent immigrants, he formed the Pearl City Fruit Company. Their competition was the Hawaiian Fruit and Packing Company, owned by established descendants of American missionaries such as Lorrin A. Thurston, who was also a powerful politician. Eventually he would sell his restaurant in San Francisco and move to the islands.
Political miscalculation
Lycurgus leased the small guest house of Allen Herbert in 1893 on Waikīkī beach in Honolulu. He expanded it and renamed it the "Sans Souci" (French for "without care") for the Sanssouci Palace in Potsdam. It became one of the first beach resorts and the area at coordinates is still called "Sans Souci Beach". Celebrities such as Robert Louis Stevenson stayed there on his second trip later that year, and it became a popular destination for tourists from the mainland.
In 1894 Lycurgus made his first trip to the Kīlauea volcano with Admiral Royal R. Ingersoll, sailing to Hilo aboard the USS Philadelphia. The volcano impressed him and he took note of the future possible business opportunities.
A friendship had evolved between Lycurgus and the Hawaiian royal Kalākaua family, who were regulars at his resorts. This earned him the nickname "Duke of Sparta", a title borne by the Crown Prince of Greece. Despite being a commoner, he felt more comfortable with monarchy than the Americans.
In 1893, after the death of Kalākaua, Thurston and other Americans led the overthrow of the Kingdom of Hawaii and declared a Republic of Hawaii, hoping to join the United States of America. The new government, controlled by conservative missionaries, fined Lycurgus for selling liquor at his resort. Lycurgus hired a band of Hawaiians who played music honoring Queen Liliuokalani instead of "The Star-Spangled Banner".
After the failed 1895 counter-revolution, he was accused of smuggling guns to the Royalists. Several leaders had meetings in the Sans Souci hotel. By January 20 the leaders were all captured. Lycurgus was arrested, charged with treason, spent 52 days in jail, but was never tried.
By 1898, the Spanish–American War had increased American interest in the Pacific. He entertained press correspondents on their way to the Philippines at his Sans Souci hotel. Hawaii was annexed as a territory of the United States that year and the practical Lycurgus applied for American citizenship.
He opened a restaurant called the Union Grill in Honolulu in 1901 and would hold "Jailbirds of 1895" nights which were not popular with the new government. He phased out of the politics of Honolulu over the next few years. Lycurgus invested in a logging venture in 1907, and bought the Hilo Hotel from John D. Spreckels in 1908.
In 1903, when he returned to Greece to visit his mother, he met and married Athina Gerassimos from Sparta, the second of nine children. She was probably the first Greek woman in Hawaii.
Volcano House
In December 1904, George and Demosthenes Lycurgus became principal stockholders of the Volcano House Company and took over the management of the Volcano House hotel on the more remote Big Island of Hawaii. His nephew Demosthenes always introduced him as "Uncle George" to the guests, which earned him his new nickname.
Kīlauea had been inactive for almost a year, but Lycurgus had other enterprises to keep himself afloat. Two months after the Lycurguses acquired the business, the volcano erupted.
He eventually made peace with Lorrin Thurston, who worked with him for ten years, starting in 1906, to have the volcano area made into Hawaiʻi Volcanoes National Park. However, the Lycurgus family kept a shrine to deposed Queen Liliuokalani at the Volcano House and related the legends of Ancient Hawaii to the visitors. Prayers were made to the fire goddess Pele, said to live in Kīlauea, to provide spectacular eruptions. They were better for business.
In January 1912, geologist Thomas Jagger arrived to investigate the volcano. The Lycurgus family raised money to build a small building next to the hotel for scientific instruments. By February 1912 construction was begun on the Hawaiian Volcano Observatory. Jaggar resided there the next 28 years, often giving scientific talks to guests at the hotel.
While visiting Greece in 1914, World War I prevented him from returning. In 1919, Demosthenes Lycurgus traveled to Athens to marry Maria Yatrakos, but died of influenza within a week of his wedding in the 1918 flu pandemic. Finally George was able to return to Hawaii in 1920 with his sister-in-law Poppy Detor.
In 1921 George Lycurgus sold the Volcano House and moved to Hilo, Hawaii. The Inter-Island Steam Navigation Company bought the property and invested $150,000 into expanding it.
In 1932 during the Great Depression the Inter-Island Steam Navigation Company was going bankrupt after expanding the Volcano House to 115 rooms. Lycurgus bought it back for $300 in a receivership sale, but very few guests showed up until an eruption in 1934. He started the tradition of tossing gin bottles into the volcano, a practice certainly not approved by park officials.
In 1937 his wife Athena died of cancer in Hilo. A fire destroyed the hotel in 1940, ironically from a kitchen oil burner, not volcanic lava. Only a few artifacts, such as a koa wood piano were saved. Embers from the fire were taken to the 1877 Volcano House building to claim the fireplace had burned continuously. The old structure was used again for guests; it now houses the Volcano Art Center.
At the age of 81, he traveled to Washington, D.C. and convinced influential friends, many of whom (including Franklin D. Roosevelt) had stayed in the Volcano House, to assign the Civilian Conservation Corps to construct a park headquarters building farther back from the cliff. That allowed him to build a more modern hotel at the former Hawaiian Volcano Observatory site. He reopened the new Volcano House (designed by Charles William Dickey) by November 1941.
After another eruption in 1952, at the age of 93, he arranged a publicity stunt involving riding a horse to the rim of the erupting vent and tossing in his ceremonial bottle of gin. Despite the efforts of park officials, the event went off as planned, pleasing the spectators and the press. The Volcano House was renovated and expanded again in 1953. He died on August 6, 1960, at the age of 101, reportedly the oldest man in Hawaii.
Biography
References
1858 births
1960 deaths
American centenarians
Men centenarians
Businesspeople from Hawaii
Greek centenarians
Greek emigrants to the United States
Greek monarchists
Hawaiʻi Volcanoes National Park
Hawaiian insurgents and supporters
History of Hawaii (island)
History of Oahu
Prisoners and detainees of the Republic of Hawaii
People from Laconia
19th-century Greek Americans |
20468410 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Primovula%20roseomaculata | Primovula roseomaculata | Primovula roseomaculata is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Ovulidae, the ovulids, cowry allies or false cowries.
As is the case in most ovulids, in life, the mantle completely covers the shell almost all of the time.
References
Ovulidae
Gastropods described in 1909 |
6900894 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trochlea%20of%20superior%20oblique | Trochlea of superior oblique | The trochlea of superior oblique is a pulley-like structure in the eye. The tendon of the superior oblique muscle passes through it. Situated on the superior nasal aspect of the frontal bone, it is the only cartilage found in the normal orbit. The word trochlea comes from the Greek word for pulley.
Actions of the superior oblique muscle
In order to understand the actions of the superior oblique muscle, it is useful to imagine the eyeball as a sphere that is constrained – like the trackball of a computer mouse – in such a way that only certain rotational movements are possible. Allowable movements for the superior oblique are (1) rotation in a vertical plane – looking down and up (depression and elevation of the eyeball) and (2) rotation in the plane of the face (intorsion and extorsion of the eyeball).
The body of the superior oblique muscle is located behind the eyeball, but the tendon (which is redirected by the trochlea) approaches the eyeball from the front. The tendon attaches to the top (superior aspect) of the eyeball at an angle of 51 degrees with respect to the primary position of the eye (looking straight forward). The force of the tendon’s pull, therefore, has two components: a forward component that tends to pull the eyeball downward (depression), and a medial component that tends to rotate the top of the eyeball toward the nose (intorsion).
The relative strength of these two forces depends on which way the eye is looking. When the eye is adducted (looking toward the nose), the force of depression increases. When the eye is abducted (looking away from the nose), the force of intorsion increases, while the force of depression decreases. When the eye is in the primary position (looking straight ahead), contraction of the superior oblique produces depression and intorsion in roughly equal amounts.
To summarize, the actions of the superior oblique muscle are (1) depression of the eyeball, especially when the eye is adducted; and (2) intorsion of the eyeball, especially when the eye is abducted. The clinical consequences of weakness in the superior oblique (caused, for example, by fourth nerve palsies) are discussed below.
This summary of the superior oblique muscle describes its most important functions. However, it is an oversimplification of the actual situation. For example, the tendon of the superior oblique inserts behind the equator of the eyeball in the frontal plane, so contraction of the muscle also tends to abduct the eyeball (turn it outward). In fact, each of the six extraocular muscles exerts rotational forces in all three planes (elevation-depression, adduction-abduction, intorsion-extorsion) to varying degrees, depending on which way the eye is looking. The relative forces change every time the eyeball moves – every time the direction of gaze changes. The central control of this process, which involves the continuous, precise adjustment of forces on twelve different tendons in order to point both eyes in exactly the same direction, is truly remarkable.
The recent discovery of soft tissue pulleys in the orbit – similar to the trochlea, but anatomically more subtle and previously missed – has completely changed (and greatly simplified) our understanding of the actions of the extraocular muscles. Perhaps the most important finding is that a 2-dimensional representation of the visual field is sufficient for most purposes.
Additional images
See also
Human eye
Trochleitis
References
External links
Human eye anatomy |
23575779 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sarah%20Lees | Sarah Lees | Dame Sarah Anne Lees (née Buckley; 13 November 1842 – 14 April 1935) of Werneth Park, Oldham, was an English Liberal politician, activist, and philanthropist who was the first female councillor elected in Lancashire (1907–19) and the first female Mayor of Oldham (1910–11), only the second woman in England to hold such a position.
Career
Lees was born in Mossley, Greater Manchester, in 1842. On 30 July 1874, she married Charles Edward Lees JP (1840–1894) of Werneth Park in Oldham, Lancashire, a relative of the Oldham MP John Frederick Lees.
After the Qualification of Women Act 1907 was passed by Parliament, Lees became the first woman to be elected to Oldham's Town Council, representing Hollinwood Ward. Already in her 60s, Lees was named the first female Freeman of the Borough of Oldham in November 1909. She became Mayor of Oldham the following year, only the second woman to be installed with that title in the United Kingdom.
At a ceremony on 28 July 1927, Lees opened "The Nook" Convalescent Hospital, Greenfield. The ceremony was attended by the Mayor of Oldham, Alderman Samuel Frith JP, and Dr Thomas Fawsitt (Chairman of the proceedings, of Lees and Fawsitt Ward, Oldham Royal Infirmary). The hospital had originated in a bequest made by the late Mr H. L. Hargraves and, with the sum of £13,296, the foundation stone had been laid on 23 April 1870. The building opened on 20 September 1872 (it had originally been intended for it to be opened by Florence Nightingale but she was unable to attend due to illness). The Hospitals's original number of beds was 24, but these increased to 150. By 1926, 5,206 new outpatients applied for treatment, 5,349 accidents were admitted (1,402 for radiography), with 25,256 attendances for massage and electro-therapeutic departments.
Lees was involved with various local institutions: she was President of the Oldham Royal Infirmary, a Governor of Hulme Grammar School, a Member of the Court of the University of Manchester, and also served as Chairman of the Oldham Branch of the League of Nations.
Lees died, aged 92, at Werneth Park, Oldham, on 14 April 1935. Her daughter, Marjory Lees (1878–1970), presented the estate to the people of Oldham in 1936 to form the present public Werneth Park.
Honours
Lees was awarded an Honorary Doctor of Law (LLD) degree by the University of Manchester in July 1914. In 1916, she was appointed a Lady of Grace (DStJ) of the Order of St John of Jerusalem. On 25 August 1917, she was appointed a Dame Commander of the Order of the British Empire (DBE) in recognition of her services during World War I.
The Dame Sarah Lees Memorial erected in Werneth Park in 1937, was designed and made by the local artist and sculptor Williams Hargreaves Whitehead.
External links
Dame Sarah Lees Memorial (1937), National Recording Project, Public Monument and Sculpture Association.
References
1842 births
1935 deaths
Dames Commander of the Order of the British Empire
20th-century English women politicians
20th-century English politicians
Politicians from Lancashire
People associated with the University of Manchester
People from Oldham |
23575832 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CHOV | CHOV | CHOV may refer to:
CHVR-FM, a radio station (96.7 FM) licensed to Pembroke, Ontario, Canada, which held the call sign CHOV from 1942 to 1981
CHRO-TV, a television station (channel 5) licensed to Pembroke, Ontario, Canada, which held the call sign CHOV-TV from 1961 to 1977 |
23575852 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jaime%20Nack | Jaime Nack | Jaime Nack (born February 20, 1976 in Columbia, Maryland) is an environmental consultant and marketing specialist who is known for her role as Director of Sustainability and Greening Operations for the 2008 Democratic National Convention in Denver, Colorado and who subsequently managed the plan for the 2012 Democratic National Convention in Charlotte, North Carolina. Marking the first time in DNC history where measures were taken to reduce the environmental impact of the event on the host city, the 2008 greening effort was unprecedented in scale and has evolved into an industry case study for best practices in producing sustainable events.
In April 2011, Nack received a federal appointment to serve a three-year term on the National Women's Business Council, a bi-partisan federal advisory council created to serve as an independent source of advice and counsel to the President, Congress, and the U.S. Small Business Administration on economic issues of importance to women business owners. The same year, Nack was also named a Young Global Leader by the World Economic Forum.
2008 Democratic National Convention
The convention was held in Denver, Colorado, from August 25 to August 28, 2008, at the Pepsi Center. U.S. Senator Barack Obama of Illinois, the nominee for President, gave his acceptance speech on August 28 at INVESCO Field. This was the first time in history that the Democratic National Convention Committee included a sustainability initiative and hired staff to oversee such an effort. The sustainability and greening effort included a range of focus areas from community engagement to waste diversion on site during the convention via recycling and composting stations.
Career
Jaime Nack is the Founder and President of Three Squares Inc..
Nack is one of Los Angeles' leading environmental consultants and marketing strategists, having produced and promoted a variety of the city's most prominent and widely-attended events over the last 15 years. Ms. Nack's extensive experience in event production includes producing several large-scale environmental conferences and events which have attracted more than 500,000 attendees. Three Squares Inc. specializes in environmentally-themed events and works with agencies like the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA) and South Coast Air Quality Management District to implement their environmental outreach strategies. Three Squares Inc. has managed the sustainability efforts for many high profile events including the Jon Stewart and Stephen Colbert Rally to Restore Sanity produced by Comedy Central on October 30, 2010. The Rally took place on the National Mall in Washington D.C. and attracted more than 400,000 attendees. Press reported on the success of the sustainability plan in the days following. In addition, Three Squares Inc. also greened the Hollywood premiere and gala for Inception. Three Squares Inc. was the first firm in the U.S. to certify as ISO 20121 compliant - the international standard for sustainable event management made popular by the London 2012 Olympics.
In 2013, Nack founded her second company in the sustainability arena - One Drop Interactive. One Drop Interactive is an edtech platform designed to educate and engage employees on core sustainability subjects.
Green Meetings and Events
Through her work on greening the 2008 Democratic National Convention, Nack became actively involved in developing industry standards for green meetings and events. She joined the effort launched by the US EPA, ASTM and the Green Meeting Industry Council (GMIC) as the Vice-Chair of the Transportation Committee for the APEX/ASTM Environmentally Sustainable Meeting Standards. The standards were launched in 2012 and Nack has delivered talks across the globe educating event planners and producers on the process of integrating the APEX/ASTM Standards. Nack also led the effort to roll out the international ISO 20121 Event Sustainability Management Systems standard, which was launched prior to the London 2012 Olympics.
Nack also developed the Women In Green Forum to highlight women's impact on the environmental industry. The Forum, an annual conference and expo, has featured many of the world's leading environmental figures including Mariel Hemingway, Gloria Reuben, Fran Pavley, and Geraldine Knatz. Under her leadership, Nack implemented the plan to demonstrate ISO 20121 compliance for the annual Women In Green Forum marking the first time in history that a U.S. conference achieved this international standard for sustainable event production.
Board memberships
In 2011, Nack received a federal appointment to serve as a Council Member on the National Women's Business Council. The National Women’s Business Council (NWBC) is a non-partisan federal advisory council created to serve as an independent source of advice and counsel to the President, Congress, and the U.S. Small Business Administration on economic issues of importance to women business owners. She is also on the Advisory Board of ArtsEarth Partnership.
Educational experience
Ms. Nack has a Master's degree in Public Policy/International Trade from UCLA, where she also earned her Bachelor's degree in International Economics with a minor in Urban Planning. She has also completed executive education programs at Harvard's John F. Kennedy School of Government, Yale University and Oxford.
References
The Greenest Democratic National Convention of All Time - Denver.Org
Democratic National Convention Committee Aims For Green Gathering - Article in Information Week.
Denver and the DNC: A Partnership for Success Case Study.
Green Meetings in Action: How a Convention Can Change a Destination Presentation at GMIC Annual Meeting
ArtsEarth Partnership Advisory Board Members.
Westside Special Olympics Board Members.
External links
Three Squares Inc.
Three Squares Inc. Twitter
Women In Green Forum
National Women's Business Council
1976 births
Living people
American consultants |
23575855 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manuel%20Ballester | Manuel Ballester | Manuel Ballester Boix (born in Barcelona on 27 June 1919; died 5 April 2005) was a Spanish chemist.
Biography
He received his degree at the University of Barcelona in 1944, his doctorate in Madrid, and finished his training at Harvard University in 1951. In 1944 he formed a team at the Spanish National Research Council. His work has largely been in kinetics and organic chemistry.
Awards
1982 - Prince of Asturias Award for Technical and Scientific Research
References
Organic chemists
Spanish chemists
Scientists from Catalonia
People from Barcelona
University of Barcelona alumni
Harvard University alumni
1919 births
2005 deaths
Spanish expatriates in the United States |
6900909 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Citro%C3%ABn%20Bijou | Citroën Bijou | The Citroën Bijou is a small coupé manufactured by Citroën at the premises they had occupied since 1925 in Slough, England. The Bijou was assembled from 1959 until 1964. It was based on the same platform chassis as the Citroën 2CV, sharing its advanced independent front to rear interconnected suspension. The car's appearance was thought to be more in line with the conservative taste of British consumers than the utilitarian 2CV.
The body was made of fibreglass, and the car featured the two-cylinder 425 cc 12 bhp engine also seen in the 2CV. Only 210 were produced, plus two prototypes. It incorporated some components from the DS, most noticeably the single-spoke steering wheel.
It was designed by Peter Kirwan-Taylor, known as the stylist of the elegant 1957 Lotus Elite, another fibreglass-bodied car. Bijou bodies were initially moulded by a company called "Whitson & Co", close to Citroën's Slough premises, but it later proved necessary to transfer this work to another supplier.
Disappointing sales levels for the UK's own Citroën seem to have been down to the Bijou's price, which at the time of the 1959 motor show was £674. At this time the British market was acutely price sensitive, and buyers could choose a Ford Popular with four seats and a much larger engine for £494.
The Bijou's more modern styling gave it a higher top speed and lower cruising fuel consumption than the equivalent 2CV; however, the greater weight of the bodywork had an adverse impact on the car's more general performance, especially its acceleration. The Bijou was considered expensive by the testers. It was also more expensive than the Austin Mini, but the Bijou was supposed to be more distinguished.
As of 2013, nearly 150 Bijous were on the 2CVGB club register, but fewer than 40 are still on the roads.
References
External links
Citroën Bijou at Citroenet
Citroën Bijou at Motorbase
Bijou
Bijou
Cars powered by boxer engines
Cars introduced in 1959
1960s cars |
23575863 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Milwaukee%20County%20War%20Memorial | Milwaukee County War Memorial | The Milwaukee County War Memorial is a memorial building located on Lake Michigan in Milwaukee, WI. It was designed by architect Eero Saarinen. Construction began in 1955 and the building was dedicated on Veterans Day in 1957.
The mosaic mural by Edmund D. Lewandowski was installed in 1959. The mosaic uses more than one million pieces of glass and marble. The slightly-abstracted Roman numerals, in shades of purple, blue, and rich black, are the beginning and ending dates of the U.S. involvement in the Second World War and the Korean War. MCMXLI (1941) through MCMXLV (1945) refers to World War II, and MCML (1950) through MCMLIII (1953) refers to the Korean War.
References
External links
Official Website
Buildings and structures completed in 1957
Buildings and structures in Milwaukee
Eero Saarinen structures
Museums in Milwaukee
Military and war museums in Wisconsin
Monuments and memorials in Wisconsin
Military monuments and memorials in the United States |
23575873 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Danny%20Garcia%20%28activist%29 | Danny Garcia (activist) | Danny Garcia is an American Christian peace activist, former military chaplain, and founder of Global Walk, who walked around the planet from 1996-2020. His efforts earned him the nickname "Walking Man."
In 1998, San Diego mayor Susan Golding named January 25, 1998 "Danny Garcia Day" in his honor.
References
External links
Global Walk official website
American anti-war activists
20th-century American people
Living people
Place of birth missing (living people)
Year of birth missing (living people) |
6900911 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elias%20David%20H%C3%A4usser | Elias David Häusser | Elias David Häusser (25 June 1687 – 16 March 1745) was a German-Danish architect working in the Baroque and Rococo styles. He is most known for designing the first Christiansborg Palace which was almost completely destroyed in a fire in 1794. Häusser is credited with introducing both those styles to Denmark.
Biography
Häusser was born in Erfurt, Preußen or Prussia.
His parents were David Häusser (1645-1709) and Johanna Maria Evander (1666-1741).
He spent some time at the court of the Duke of Saxony-Gotha and was educated as a military building master in Saxony-Poland. In 1711 he came into Danish military service. In the capacity of an officer in the engineering troops, he was in charge of several projects in Copenhagen, including the Central Guard on Kongens Nytorv and the Commander's House and prison at Kastellet.
In the early 1730s, King Christian VI commissioned him as master builder of a new grand castle, Christiansborg Palace, on the site of the old Copenhagen Castle, which had been torn down in 1731. He left the project in 1742, a few years before it was completed, to assume a position as Commander in Nyborg on the Danish island of Funen. He died in 1745at Nyborg.In 1741, Häusser became a commander in which position he was appointed to Major General in 1742.
Works
Copenhagen Stocks House, Copenhagen (1722, demolished in 1929)
Central Guardhouse on Kongens Nytorv, Copenhagen Denmark (1724, nedbrudt 1875)
Commander's House, Kastellet, Copenhagen, Denmark (1725)
Prison at Kastellet, Copenhagen, Denmark
Christiansborg Palace, Copenhagen, Denmark (1733–45, partly burnt 1794)
See also
Architecture of Denmark
References
Danish Baroque architects
German Baroque architects
1687 births
1745 deaths
Rococo architects |
23575874 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frank%20Mickens | Frank Mickens | Dr. Frank Mickens (June 22, 1946July 9, 2009), was a nationally recognized New York City educator as principal of Boys and Girls High School at 1700 Fulton Street in the Bedford-Stuyvesant neighborhood of Brooklyn. The seventeenth largest high school in the United States, Boys and Girls High School has a student population of over four thousand students. Boys and Girls High School was built in the 1970s as a model 'education option' school, and Mickens successfully embraced this initiative as an administrator in the New York City Department of Education. His cigar-chomping tough no-nonsense 'take charge' clawhammer approach earned Mickens 'tough love' comparisons to Joe Louis Clark and the controversial nickname 'The Chancellor of Fulton Street'.
Early life
Mickens mother was a teacher. He was a graduate of Erasmus Hall High School in Brooklyn. He earned a B.A. in History from SUNY Potsdam, and a Master's degree New York University. In 1968 at 22, he began teaching at Boys High School, and served as boys baseball and basketball coach 1969-1979, leading the Kangaroos to the 1979 PSAL boys basketball championship, and also served as academic dean of students. He completed postgraduate work at Columbia University, and later attended the Principal's Center at Harvard University. In 1982, he became principal of a Junior High School 324 in Bedford-Stuyvesant, and later was principal of Martin Luther King High School (New York) in Manhattan. In 1980, he became men's basketball coach at Borough of Manhattan Community College.
Later achievements
In 1986, he became principal of Boys and Girls High School, which had a graduation rate of 24.4 percent. By 2004, the year Mickens retired, the high school graduation rate had risen to 47.7 percent with 85% of graduates headed to college. For eighteen years, Mickens worked twelve-hour days, seven days a week, and frequently patrolled the perimeter of the high school with a clawhammer, and patrolled the hallways with a walkie-talkie, clipboard and a bullhorn. His aim was to create a college preparatory environment of excellence, self-esteem and safety for his students.
In 2001-2002, he was a Charles Revson Fellow at Columbia University. Medgar Evers College awarded him an honorary degree of letters. Mickens also lectured in the Graduate School of Education at Long Island University.
He also served simultaneously as an Assistant Superintendent in the Brooklyn High Schools, helping to set curriculum and policy standards, and plan future academics.
Mickens unorthodox administrative style attracted controversy-and lawsuits- by instituting codes of conduct, a blouse skirt/shirt and tie dress code that he called dress for success and long suspensions for infractions of the rules. He had teachers posted outside school every morning to discourage trouble, as well as having various MTA buses waiting after school so students wouldn't have to wait in this rough neighborhood. His disciplinary code included no hats, no listening to a walkman, no gold teeth caps, no excessive jewelry, and no sneakers with lights. He also had inspirational banners all over the school to remind the students to always do their best. The lawsuits against Mickens stemmed from his moving troublesome students into programs from which they did not graduate, and were not finally settled until four years after his retirement.
Death
Mickens, who was divorced and lost his only son in a car accident at a young age, was found dead at age 63 at his home in Bedford-Stuyvesant Brooklyn of natural causes on July 9, 2009. An only child, he is survived by his cousins, Sharon Rose-Calhoun of Brooklyn, New York, and Pamela Tranberg of Crete, Illinois. A memorial page has been set up on Facebook by over 500 former students and colleagues.
An alumni and staff memorial service was held at Boys and Girls High School, followed by a funeral at Pentecostal Elim Fellowship in Bedford-Stuyvesant. Eulogies were given by the Rev. Al Sharpton, City Controller Bill Thompson (New York) and Brooklyn Borough President Marty Markowitz. Mickens was buried wearing his trademark suit and bowtie and holding his trademark cigar.
Books by Frank Mickens
It Doesn't Have To Be That Way: A Positive Environment in Our Schools by Frank Mickens
My Way: The Leadership Style of an Urban High School Principal by Frank Mickens
References
Frank Mickens
Frank Mickens
Frank Mickens
Frank Mickens
Frank Mickens
Frank Mickens
Al Sharpton Eulogy
Boys and Girls High School
1946 births
2009 deaths
People from Bedford–Stuyvesant, Brooklyn
State University of New York at Potsdam alumni
New York University alumni
Columbia University alumni
Harvard Graduate School of Education alumni
20th-century American educators
Educators from New York City
American school principals |
6900934 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evacuation%20%28TV%20series%29 | Evacuation (TV series) | Evacuation is a British children's reality television series presented by Matt Baker which was broadcast on CBBC between September 2006 and February 2008 where six boys and six girls from across the United Kingdom experienced living as evacuees in World War II.
Format
The children lived exactly as wartime evacuees would have: they ate meals, attended school, wore clothes, were given haircuts, and were punished for misbehavior as was customary during the 1940s. In the first episode of both series, the children had to hand over all of their 21st century items (e.g. mobile phones), which were returned at the end of the series. They were also given gas masks and ID cards, which were carried at all times. The children engaged in traditional wartime activities, such as building air-raid shelters. When they were not being filmed, the adults continued to stay in character to maintain the illusion that the scenario was real.
Series one
The first series of Evacuation began transmission on CBBC on BBC One on 4 September 2006. The children were evacuated to the fictitious Castle Farm, where they experienced living as children who were evacuated to a traditional wartime farm.
Series two
The second series, known as Evacuation to the Manor House, began transmission on CBBC on BBC One on 17 January 2008. The children were evacuated to the fictitious Pradoe Hall, where they experienced living as children who were evacuated to a traditional 1940s manor house.
List of Children & Characters
Children, Series 1:
Luke Burton
Josh Opoku
Harry Cracknell
Richard Hall
Charlie McCutcheon
Felix Chancellor-Burton
Natalie Travers (appeared only in the first three episodes; left due to homesickness)
Laura Adegoke
Natalie Hancock
Tia Hatton
Joanna Lau
Chelsea Thompson
Characters, Series 1:
Mr. and Mrs. Rivett, who own the farm (were later referred to as 'Uncle Brian' and 'Aunty Sue' with increased familiarity)
Miss Young, the school teacher
Mr. Storey, the local ARP Warden
Mr. Patrick, an elderly gentleman who works for Mr. Rivett as a farmhand
Mr. Graham, the local air-raid shelter expert
Miss Victoria, a member of the Women's Land Army
Matthew, the ploughman
Private Pickard, a Home Guardsman
The local vicar, never named on-screen
Children, Series 2:
Nishith "Nish" Hegde
Sean Williams
Jack Smith
Samir "Sam" Sayah
Scott Dunstan
Daniel Rushton
Shaaron Somasanduram
Olivia Barry
Rachel Hardy
Mary Ellen Jones
Jade Hitchmough
Annabella Jacobs
Sade Philpotts (arrived later in the series; only appeared in the final four episodes)
Characters, Series 2:
Lord and Lady Olstead, who own the manor house
Miss Young, the school teacher
Mr. Henderson, the butler
Mrs. Dobinson, the housekeeper
Cook, never named on-screen
Mr. Goodall, the gamekeeper
Miss Victoria, the kitchen hand
Nurse Durkin
Colonel Fanthorpe, of the Home Guard
Mr. Lewis, the ARP Warden
Mr. Jackson, the Fire Warden
Mr. Pugh, the shepherd
Mr. Ward, the farmer
Sergeant Rae
Helen drs wife Wendy Richardson
lady debbie Debbie Hunter
Notes
To maintain the illusion that the characters were real people, the closing credits never named the actors who played the characters.
Evacuation is a reality television show, meaning that there is no continuity between the two series; therefore the fact that Miss Young appears to be teaching at both Castle Farm and Pradoe Hall is irrelevant.
Although it is a reality television show, all the 1940s characters in the series are portrayed by role-playing actors, who were always referred to by their character's name.
Episodes
List of Evacuation episodes
External links
2006 British television series debuts
2008 British television series endings
2000s British children's television series
BBC children's television shows
English-language television shows
British reality television series
British children's television series
Historical reality television series
Television series by Warner Bros. Television Studios |
6900945 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zrinjski%20Mostar | Zrinjski Mostar | Zrinjski Mostar is a sports association from the city of Mostar, Bosnia and Herzegovina. It was formed in 1905.
Member clubs
Football:
HŠK Zrinjski Mostar
Basketball:
HKK Zrinjski Mostar (men's)
ŽKK Zrinjski Mostar (women's)
Handball:
HMRK Zrinjski Mostar (men's)
HŽRK Zrinjski Mostar (women's)
Futsal:
HFC Zrinjski Mostar
Boxing:
HBK Zrinjski Mostar
Athletics:
HAK Zrinjski Mostar
Swimming:
APK Zrinjski Mostar
External links
Sports teams in Bosnia and Herzegovina
Sport in Mostar
Multi-sport clubs in Bosnia and Herzegovina |
6900956 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Du%C5%A1an%20Kerkez | Dušan Kerkez | Dušan Kerkez (Serbian Cyrillic: Душан Керкез; born 1 May 1976) is a Bosnian former professional footballer who played as a midfielder. He is the current professional football manager
for Serbian SuperLiga club Čukarički.
Club career
In the 2001–02 season, Kerkez played regularly for Radnički Obrenovac and helped the club earn promotion to the First League of FR Yugoslavia for the first time in history. He then moved to Bosnia and Herzegovina and joined Leotar in the summer of 2002, helping them win the national championship in their debut appearance in the top flight.
After two years at Leotar, Kerkez switched to fellow Bosnian side Zrinjski Mostar in the summer of 2004, celebrating his second league title in his only season at the club. He subsequently moved to Croatia and signed with Rijeka, winning the national cup in his first year.
In the summer of 2007, Kerkez was transferred to Cypriot side AEL Limassol. He spent four seasons with the club, before switching to cross-town rivals Aris Limassol in the summer of 2011.
International career
Kerkez received his first call-up to the Bosnia and Herzegovina squad by manager Blaž Slišković and made his debut for them in a February 2004 friendly match away against Macedonia. He has earned a total of 4 caps, scoring no goals. He also played in an unofficial game against Iran in 2005. His final international was a September 2006 European Championship qualification against Hungary.
Personal life
Kerkez's son Strahinja Kerkez is also a professional footballer, and is a youth international for Cyprus.
Managerial statistics
As of 17 September 2022
Honours
Player
Leotar
Premier League of Bosnia and Herzegovina: 2002–03
Zrinjski Mostar
Premier League of Bosnia and Herzegovina: 2004–05
Rijeka
Croatian Cup: 2005–06
Manager
AEL Limassol
Cypriot Cup: 2018–19
References
External links
1976 births
Living people
Footballers from Belgrade
Association football midfielders
Bosnia and Herzegovina footballers
Bosnia and Herzegovina international footballers
FK Voždovac players
FK Radnički Obrenovac players
FK Leotar players
HŠK Zrinjski Mostar players
HNK Rijeka players
AEL Limassol players
Aris Limassol FC players
Second League of Serbia and Montenegro players
Premier League of Bosnia and Herzegovina players
Croatian Football League players
Cypriot First Division players
Cypriot Second Division players
Bosnia and Herzegovina expatriate footballers
Expatriate footballers in Serbia and Montenegro
Bosnia and Herzegovina expatriate sportspeople in Serbia and Montenegro
Expatriate footballers in Croatia
Bosnia and Herzegovina expatriate sportspeople in Croatia
Expatriate footballers in Cyprus
Bosnia and Herzegovina expatriate sportspeople in Cyprus
Bosnia and Herzegovina football managers
AEL Limassol managers
Bosnia and Herzegovina expatriate football managers
Expatriate football managers in Cyprus |
23575901 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20winners%20of%20the%20Rotterdam%20Marathon | List of winners of the Rotterdam Marathon | This article lists the winners of the Rotterdam Marathon, which is a marathon annually held in Rotterdam, Netherlands since 1981.
The current course records of 2:04:27 (men) and 2:18:58 (women) are set in 2009 by Duncan Kibet and in 2012 by Tiki Gelana respectively.
Belayneh Densamo has won the marathon four times, Tegla Laroupe three times, and Robert de Castella, Marius Kipserem and Carla Beurskens twice.
Men's winners
Women's winners
Victories by nation
See also
List of winners of the Amsterdam Marathon
References
Palmares Marathon de Rotterdam
Rotterdam
Sports competitions in Rotterdam |
6900967 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/War%20in%20Wonderland | War in Wonderland | War In Wonderland is an album released in 2006 by an Estonian industrial metal band No-Big-Silence.
It consists of songs recorded from 2002 to 2006. It did well on release.
"Robot Super Lover Boy", "War In Wonderland" and more recently "The Outer Suns" were released as singles from the album.
The entire album can be played on the band's website.
Track listing
"Gore Gore Girls" – 3:37
"She's Got Hyper Power" – 4:08
"Dreamriders" – 4:19
"Diabolic Speed" – 3:13
"Robot Super Lover Boy" – 3:33
"The Outer Suns" – 4:09
"Red Sky" – 4:25
"War In Wonderland" – 4:05
"Psycho Creeping" – 3:43
"My Tears Are Fire" – 5:33
Personnel
Vocals - Cram
Bass, backing vocals, guitar - Willem
Guitar, keyboards, programming and bass - Kristo K
Drums - Kristo R
Editing, mixing - Kristo Kotkas
Producing - No-Big-Silence
Mastering - Tom Baker
Additional vocals and voices - Kaire Vilgats, Hele Kõre, Evelin Pang, Kristiina and Kalev
Artwork - Harijis Brants
Layout - Harijis Brants and Jensen
2006 albums
No-Big-Silence albums |
23575903 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Queens%20Theatre%2C%20Glasgow | Queens Theatre, Glasgow | The Queens Theatre was a theatre in Glasgow, Scotland, situated in Watson Street near Glasgow Cross. It was built in the 1870s to cater for working class Glaswegians. The theatre opened as the Star Hall. It went on to be renamed the Shakespeare Music Hall, New Star Theatre of Varieties and the Peoples Palace Theatre before being named the Queens Theatre in 1897. The theatre was destroyed by fire in 1952.
References
Former theatres in Scotland
Theatres in Glasgow |
23575905 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dave%20Ryan%20%28Australian%20footballer%29 | Dave Ryan (Australian footballer) | David James Ryan (23 January 1885 – 13 February 1957) was an Australian rules footballer who played for Geelong and Collingwood in the Victorian Football League (VFL).
Originally from Yarrawonga, Ryan arrived at Collingwood in 1907 after failing to make an impact in his season with Geelong. At his new club, Ryan participated in the finals in each of his first five seasons and was a ruckman in the 1910 premiership team. He also played in Collingwood's losing Grand Final the following season, again as a follower. Used at times up forward, he retired at the end of the 1912 season but continued playing briefly in the VFA at Prahran.
He was the brother of another Collingwood player Michael Ryan and the uncle of Joe Ryan, who played for and coached Footscray. Outside of football he was a policeman for about 20 years until he moved to Sydney around 1930 where he worked as a store detective. He died in Sydney in February 1957.
References
Holmesby, Russell and Main, Jim (2007). The Encyclopedia of AFL Footballers. 7th ed. Melbourne: Bas Publishing.
External links
1885 births
Australian rules footballers from Victoria (Australia)
Geelong Football Club players
Collingwood Football Club players
Collingwood Football Club Premiership players
Prahran Football Club players
Yarrawonga Football Club players
1957 deaths
One-time VFL/AFL Premiership players |
6900978 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juan%20Serrano%20%28flamenco%29 | Juan Serrano (flamenco) | Dr. Juan Serrano Rodríguez is spanish guitarist of flamenco who has played concerts and made recordings throughout the world. He has devoted much of his life to giving concerts and teaching flamenco guitar around the world.
Serrano was born in Córdoba, Spain in 1934 At the age of 9, he studied guitar with his father, Antonio el del Lunar, a professional guitarist. Serrano made his professional debut at age 13, and soon earned a reputation throughout Spain and Europe as a gifted musician. He performed and recorded with flamenco musical, dance, and theatrical companies. At this time Serrano also started his solo career. His home town of Córdoba was so proud of his accomplishments that they replaced the bell in the town clock with recordings of his guitar playing.
In 1961 Serrano accepted an invitation to come to America and perform on The Ed Sullivan Show. The success of this performance led to numerous solo flamenco guitar concerts and more TV appearances, then a recording contract with Elektra Records, who released his US debut album "Ole, la mano!" in 1962. The New York Times said Serrano had "ten dexterous fingers that often sound like twenty... a breathtaking technician who can wring rhythmic dance fury out of fandangos and zapateados. He is a lyric sentamentalist, who can make the strings cry." Serrano made the US his home, where he achieved renown as an instructor. In Feb. 1968 he was the featured cover-photo artist for Guitar Player magazine.
Along with others such as Sabicas and Mario Escudero, Serrano's virtuosity helped establish solo flamenco guitar as a viable concert instrument beyond the borders of Spain.
He developed the guitar program at California State University, Fresno and headed the guitar department until his retirement. In addition to his teaching duties, Serrano is much sought after as a performer, for master classes and as a guest lecturer on the history of Flamenco. Serrano is the only flamenco guitarist in the world with a doctorate in humane letters and a tenured faculty position at a major university.
Córdoba also awarded Serrano the "Potro de Oro". This prestigious honor is awarded once every ten years; Serrano and Paco Peña are the only guitarists ever to be so honored. Serrano received the Page One Ball from the Newspaper Guild of New York for his outstanding performances. He was also awarded the Medalla de Oro from the Spanish Academy of Fine Arts, the Catedra de Flamencologia from Jerez, Spain, and an Honorary Doctor of Humane Letters from Fairfield University in Fairfield, Connecticut. The city of Fresno has bestowed on Serrano the "Fabulous Fresnan" and "Horizon" awards.
Juan Serrano currently lives in Longwood, Florida
Authored several guitar instruction books for Mel Bay Publications, including:
Flamenco Guitar: Basic Techniques (1994)
Juan Serrano, Flamenco Concert Selections (1994)
Guitar Solos (1994)
Sabor Flamenco (1995)
Systematic Studies for Flamenco Guitar: A Falsetas Anthology and videos Flamenco Guitar (1995)
Juan Serrano - Flamenco Guitar Basic Techniques (1996)
Juan Serrano - King of the Flamenco Guitar (1997)
Flamenco Tradition, Part 1 (1997)
Juan Serrano - Flamenco Guitar Solos (2000)
Juan Serrano - Flamenco Concert Selections (2000)
Systematic Studies for Flamenco Guitar (2002)
Juan Serrano: The Flamenco Tradition (2003)
Juan Serrano Flamenco Guitar (2003)
Flamenco Guitar Wall Chart (2003)
Juan Serrano, The Art of Accompanying Flamenco Dance (2007)
Flamenco Classical Guitar Tradition, Volume 1
A Technical Guitar Method and Introduction to Music (2009)
Awarded the Medalla de Oro from the Spanish Academy of Fine Arts, the Catedra de Flamencologia from Jerez de la Frontera, Spain.
Recordings
Ole, La Mano! (1962)
Flamenco Fenómeno (1963)
Live at The Worlds Fair (1964)
Bravo, Serrano! (1964)
Popular music of Spain and the Old World (1965)
Cante Hondo
Fiesta Flamenca (1965)
Sabor Flamenco (1991)
Two tracks from this recording ("Entre Olas" and "Gorrión") are featured in the soundtrack for the 2008 Woody Allen film Vicky Cristina Barcelona.
Masters of Flamenco, Volumes 1-5 (1994)
The Art of the Flamenco Guitar
Flamenco Festival (1994)
Grandes Guitarras (1995)
Flamenco Guitar (1995)
References
Spanish flamenco guitarists
Spanish male guitarists
Living people
1935 births
People from Córdoba, Spain
Spanish emigrants to the United States
California State University, Fresno faculty
Flamenco guitarists
Guitarists from California
20th-century American guitarists
20th-century American male musicians
American male guitarists |
6900992 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robertsite | Robertsite | Robertsite, Ca3(Mn3+)4[(OH)3| (PO4)2]2·3(H2O) (alternatively formulated Ca2(Mn3(PO4)3O2)(H2O)3), is a secondary phosphate mineral named for Willard Lincoln Roberts (1923–1987), mineralogist and professor at South Dakota School of Mines in Rapid City, South Dakota.
The type locality for Robertsite is the Tip Top mine, Custer County, South Dakota, US. Robertsite occurs at the Tip Top Mine as minute crystal aggregates and crusts found on quartz associated with triphylite. It is a dark reddish brown to black monoclinic mineral.
It occurs as a secondary mineral in pegmatite. It is also reported from the Khoa Rang Kai phosphate deposit, Chiang Mai, Thailand in a limestone guano deposit. It is associated with rockbridgeite, ferrisicklerite, leucophosphite, jahnsite, montgomeryite, collinsite and hureaulite in the type locality. In the guano deposit it occurs with carbonate-fluorapatite, calcite, dolomite, quartz and clay minerals. In the Omo Valley of Ethiopia it occurs with mitridatite associated with fossil fish in Pliocene/Pleistocene lake sediments.
Recently, in an exploration conducted by the Italian La Venta Geographical Association, confirmed the existence of Robertsite in the Puerto Princesa Subterranean River National Park, located about 50 kilometres (31 mi) north of the city center of Puerto Princesa, Palawan, Philippines.
Mitridatite group:
Arseniosiderite-mitridatite series:
Ca2(Fe3+)3[(O)2|(AsO4)3]·3H2O
to
Ca2(Fe3+)3[(O)2|(PO4)3]·3H2O
Arseniosiderite-robertsite series:
Ca2(Fe3+)3[(O)2|(AsO4)3]·3H2O
to
Ca3(Mn3+)4[(OH)3|(PO4)2]2·3H2O
References
Andrade, M. B., Morrison, S. M., Di Domizio, A. J., Feinglos, M. N., & Downs, R. T. (2012). Robertsite, Ca2MnIII3O2 (PO4) 3.3 H2O. Acta Crystallographica Section E: Structure Reports Online, 68(10), i74-i75.doi:10.1107/S160053681203735X
Phosphate minerals
Manganese(III) minerals
Monoclinic minerals
Minerals in space group 15 |
17335858 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2008%E2%80%9309%20Queens%20Park%20Rangers%20F.C.%20season | 2008–09 Queens Park Rangers F.C. season | During the 2008–09 season, Queens Park Rangers played in the Football League Championship, their fifth consecutive season at this level.
Pre-season
New managerial team
Ian Dowie was announced as the replacement for Luigi De Canio as manager on 14 May 2008. Tim Flowers was later named Dowie's assistant, reprising his former role with Dowie at Coventry City. Paulo Sousa was named as manager after Ian Dowie was fired. When Sousa was fired, Gareth Ainsworth became caretaker manager.
Sponsorship
Following the termination of the club's sponsorship deals with Car Giant, Le Coq Sportif and Sellotape at the end of the previous season, in July it was announced that Gulf Air would be the new shirt sponsors. Further sponsorship packages were also announced, including Abbey Financial Services, Chronotech and Lotto Sport Italia.
Matches
All but one of QPR's pre-season fixtures were held away from Loftus Road while the ground underwent upgrading work ahead of the new season. Despite the optimism surrounding the club on the back of the investment and player transfers, Rangers suffered defeats in 3 out of 5 of their warm-up fixtures. The club started positively, winning 3–1 against Conference National side Stevenage Borough followed by a 1–0 win over Football League One side Northampton Town. However a pre-season tour to Scotland saw Rangers lose 2–0 and 1–0 (respectively) to Scottish Premier League sides Falkirk and Kilmarnock. The pre-season fixtures culminated in a 2–1 defeat at the hands of Serie A side Chievo in front of just 3,540 at Loftus Road.
Events
Queens Park Rangers started the season against Barnsley at Loftus Road. Fitz Hall scored twice in as many minutes after Iain Hume put the Yorkshire side 1–0 up in the fifth minute. Hall also missed a penalty in the second half, but Rangers held on to win the game 2–1. A win at Swindon Town in the League Cup followed before the first defeat of the season, to Sheffield United, 3–0 at Bramall Lane. Comprehensive home wins against Doncaster Rovers, Carlisle United (in the League Cup) and Southampton followed, before a win away against Norwich City saw Rangers put together a five-game unbeaten streak.
A defeat at Coventry City was followed by a 1–0 win at Aston Villa in the third round of the League Cup with Damion Stewart getting the decisive goal. The result meant that QPR entered the fourth round of the competition for the first time since the 1995–96 season, where they were drawn away to reigning Premier League champions Manchester United. The euphoria of the Villa result was short-lived and Rangers returned to losing ways at home to Derby County just three days later. By early October, QPR had slipped to 11th in the Championship, following defeat to league leaders Birmingham City at St Andrew's. Former manager Terry Venables was speculatively linked with a return to Loftus Road to replace Iain Dowie if no improvement was seen in the club's form. Meanwhile, Dexter Blackstock stood out as an early contender for the club's top scorer for the season with 5 goals in 13 matches in all competitions.
On 23 October, reports in the British press announced that the club would cap the maximum ticket price at the Category "C" (£35) level as a response to the worsening financial crisis of 2007–2008. This led commentators to speculate that the club was damaged by negative press surrounding earlier proposed ticket price increases. The following day, Iain Dowie was sacked after just fifteen games in charge of the club. While the press continued to speculate on Dowie's replacement, touting Roberto Mancini and Kenny Jackett among several others as potential candidates, existing player/coach Gareth Ainsworth was appointed caretaker manager in the interim. In his first game in charge Rangers ended Reading's 100% record at the Madejski Stadium, grinding out a 0–0 draw.
Just over three weeks after their defeat at St Andrew's, Rangers played Birmingham again in a mid-week fixture at Loftus Road. In Ainsworth's second match in charge, a ten-man Rangers side won 1–0 courtesy of a 25-yard goal from Samuel Di Carmine. At the start of November, Rangers lost 2–0 to Ipswich Town beating Cardiff 1–0 at Loftus Road one week later. The mid-week League Cup tie at Old Trafford saw QPR defeated 1–0 missing out on the last eight of the competition courtesy of a Carlos Tevez penalty. The woes continued four days later with only the club's second home defeat of the season, this time at the hands of Burnley. By mid-November, the side's average of less than one goal-per-match led to them being ranked 21st in terms of the attacking statistics of the 24 Championship clubs, despite sitting tenth in the league table.
On 19 November, Paulo Sousa, a former Portugal midfielder and previously assistant coach of the Portugal national team, was announced as the first team coach, ending Ainsworth's six-match run as caretaker. The following day, Tim Flowers stepped down as assistant coach and news sources (including the club's official website) reported Rangers had signed Bolton striker Heiðar Helguson on an emergency loan deal. Signed to a -year contract, Sousa became the sixth first team coach of the club in 13 months. Just three days into his appointment, Sousa's first match in charge saw a ten-man QPR comprehensively beaten 3–0 away at Watford, leaving them firmly in mid-table, nine points above the relegation zone and three points from the play-offs. Purported new signing Helguson did not appear for the club at Vicarage Road, with rumours later surfacing the deal had not been completed. A mid-week fixture against struggling Charlton Athletic saw Sousa's first victory (2–1), with Dexter Blackstock (who returned from suspension) scoring twice. Four days later, Rangers travelled across London to Selhurst Park, drawing 0–0 with Crystal Palace, a match which featured Premier League striker Heiðar Helguson, who had completed his loan move from Bolton Wanderers earlier in the week.
QPR played league-leaders Wolverhampton Wanderers in the first match of December. Played in a late kick-off at Loftus Road and in front of the Sky Sports cameras, QPR put on a fine performance, despatching their high-flying opponents with a 1–0 win courtesy of a 20-yard effort from skipper Martin Rowlands in his first full appearance since returning from injury. Despite dominating their next match, away to Sheffield Wednesday, QPR were beaten 1–0. The game marked QPR's 6th defeat from 11 away fixtures, and in which they had only scored twice. One week later, QPR scored their first goal in nine "away" fixtures, managing a 1–1 draw with Plymouth Argyle. Heiðar Helguson put QPR into an early lead before Plymouth equalised late in the second half. On 20 December, Helguson was again on the scoresheet, scoring twice alongside Dexter Blackstock's winner in Rangers' 3–2 victory over Preston North End.
The Christmas period saw QPR draw 2–2, twice surrendering the lead, away from home at Charlton Athletic on Boxing Day. Two days later, QPR played host to Watford, holding them to a 0–0 draw. As the January transfer window opened, QPR signed former England U21 international Wayne Routledge from Aston Villa. The club also made recent loan signings Borrowdale and Helguson's moves permanent. A small crowd of under 9,000 spectators saw Rangers start their FA Cup campaign with a goalless draw with fellow Championship side Burnley, in the third round. Returning to action in the Championship, QPR drew at home to Coventry City on 10 January with Dexter Blackstock again on the scoresheet. The result left QPR in ninth place in the league table for the sixth consecutive match, five points outside of the promotion play-off places and 13 points above the relegation zone. In the same week, Rangers also secured a permanent return to the club for Lee Cook and released veteran Italian midfielder Damiano Tommasi. Travelling to Turf Moor for the FA Cup third round replay, QPR lost 2–1 after Burnley scored from a defensive error in the last minute of extra time. Samuel Di Carmine put Rangers ahead in the 54th minute with Burnley equalising just six minutes later before their last-gasp winner. Martin Rowlands also hit the woodwork and Helguson had a goal disallowed in an eventful match played in front of just 3,760 spectators.
On 17 January, QPR achieved their first away victory in all competitions since September. They defeated Derby County 2–0 at Pride Park Stadium, with new signing Wayne Routledge opening the scoring. Ten days later, Rangers travelled to Bloomfield Road and defeated Blackpool 3–0, with Heiðar Helguson scoring twice. During the same month, QPR terminated former captain Adam Bolder's contract and loaned Zesh Rehman out to Bradford City. On 31 January, QPR extended their unbeaten run to eight matches with a scoreless draw at home to second-placed Reading. The result left Rangers in seventh place with 15 matches remaining, two points outside of the playoff positions and 16 points above the relegation zone.
The next scheduled match, a home fixture against Swansea City, was postponed due to heavy snowfalls in central London. However, QPR continued their unbeaten run into February beginning with a 2–2 draw away to Nottingham Forest. In an entertaining match, Matteo Alberti scored his first goals for the club within the space of three minutes after half-time. On 17 February, the club announced the signing of Spanish midfielder Jordi López on a three-month contract. QPR's unbeaten run was finally ended in their next match, at home, courtesy of Ipswich Town. Despite QPR taking an early lead through a Samuel Di Carmine goal, Ipswich came back to win 3–1. The match was played in front of the Sky Sports cameras and with England national team manager Fabio Capello in attendance. Four days later, Rangers travelled to Cardiff City and earned a 0–0 draw. In a busy fixture period against both play-off rivals and relegation candidates, QPR next faced up to Barnsley at Oakwell. The South Yorkshire club added to Rangers' recent slump in form, running out 2–1 winners.
Rangers' woes continued into March. A second consecutive home defeat to Norwich City (0–1) was followed by a 0–0 draw at home to Sheffield United. On 10 March, QPR suffered their | league defeat of the season, 2–0 away to Doncaster Rovers. The run of poor form left Rangers | in the Championship league table, eight points adrift of the play-off places and ten points above the relegation zone with nine matches left to play.
QPR's defensive streak improved with a draw to now-relegated Southampton, which was further built on in a 1–0 win over Swansea City, courtesy of Mikele Leigertwood's head. The Hoop's form continued with a 2–1 win over Bristol City. QPR initially went one up with a bending free kick from Jordi López, until a powerful strike from Michael McIndoe put the visitors level. Four minutes later, Adel Taarabt scored the winner from close range.
QPR salvaged a goalless draw against local rivals Crystal Palace, though they could have been 2–0 down with close shots from Craig Beattie and Paul Ifill. Equally, Heidar Helguson scuppered a near open goal. However, the experience of Radek Cerny held QPR on in the final stages.
Players
First-team squad
Updated 17 February 2009.
Out on loan
Transfers
In
Out
Results
Football League Championship
FA Cup
League Cup
Competitions
League Championship results summary
League Championship results by matchday
League table
Statistics
Goalscorers
Clean sheets
References
Notes
2008–09
Queens Park Rangers |
17335862 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kai%20Hesse | Kai Hesse | Kai Hesse (born 20 June 1985) is a German retired footballer who played as a striker.
Career
Hesse was a member of the TSG 1899 Hoffenheim team that won promotion to the 2. Bundesliga.
References
External links
Profile at Soccerway
1985 births
Living people
People from Soest (district)
German footballers
Association football forwards
2. Bundesliga players
3. Liga players
FC Schalke 04 players
FC Schalke 04 II players
VfB Lübeck players
TSG 1899 Hoffenheim players
TSG 1899 Hoffenheim II players
1. FC Kaiserslautern players
Kickers Offenbach players
FC 08 Homburg players
Regionalliga players
Footballers from North Rhine-Westphalia
SC Hessen Dreieich players
Hessenliga players |
23575912 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swimming%20at%20the%202006%20Central%20American%20and%20Caribbean%20Games%20%E2%80%93%20Women%27s%20400%20metre%20individual%20medley | Swimming at the 2006 Central American and Caribbean Games – Women's 400 metre individual medley | The Women's 400 m Individual Medley event at the 2006 Central American and Caribbean Games occurred on Monday, July 17, 2006, at the S.U. Pedro de Heredia Aquatic Complex in Cartagena, Colombia.
Records at the time of the event were:
World Record: 4:33.59, Yana Klochkova (Ukraine), Sydney, Australia, September 16, 2000.
Games Record: 4:52.42, Carolyn Adel (Suriname), 1998 Games in Maracaibo (August.9.1998).
Results
Final
Preliminaries
References
Results: 2006 CACs--Swimming: Women's 400 IM--prelims from the official website of the 2006 Central American and Caribbean Games; retrieved 2009-07-11.
Results: 2006 CACs--Swimming: Women's 400 IM--finals from the official website of the 2006 Central American and Caribbean Games; retrieved 2009-07-11.
Medley, Women's 400m
2006 in women's swimming |
6901021 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yamagumo-class%20destroyer | Yamagumo-class destroyer | The Yamagumo class are vessels of the Japanese Maritime Self-Defense Force, usually classified as a destroyer, but due to their relatively light displacement, in other sources as a destroyer escort. This class is the successor of the .
This class was planned to become the new generation workhorse of the fleet of the JMSDF. In support of this objective, it was equipped with some new generation weapon and sensor systems such as the ASROC anti-submarine rocket and the OPS-11 early warning radar (Japanese equivalent of the American AN/SPS-40 radar).
The Minegumo-class destroyer derived from this class as the new DASH equipped version, but after the QH-50D DASH was scrapped, the JMSDF decided on resuming the construction of this class. The latter batch sometimes called as the Aokumo class, and there are some improvements, mainly in their electronics such as the OQS-3 hull-sonar (Japanese variant of the American AN/SQS-23) and the AN/SQS-35 variable depth sonar system.
Ships
References
The Maru Special, Ships of the JMSDF No.58 "Escort ship Yamagumo-class and Minegumo-class", Ushio Shobō (Japan), December 1981
Destroyer classes |
6901022 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Centre%20for%20Medieval%20and%20Renaissance%20Studies | Centre for Medieval and Renaissance Studies | The Centre for Medieval and Renaissance Studies (CMRS) in Oxford, England, is a programme for international students (mainly American) to study in Oxford, and also encourages research in the humanities and fields of Medieval and Renaissance studies. It was founded by Dr. John and Dr. Sandra J.K.M Feneley in 1975. In 2014, CMRS became part of the global network of Middlebury College C.V. Starr Schools Abroad and is now known as the Middlebury College-CMRS Oxford Humanities Program (M-CMRS). The CMRS has long been affiliated with Keble College, Oxford, and participants are associate members of the College with access to all its facilities. Among the American colleges and universities that have sent students to CMRS are The University of Georgia, Elmhurst College, St. Mary's College of California, St. Mary's College of Maryland, St. Olaf College, William Jewell College, Middlebury College.
CMRS is located in St. Michael's Hall on Shoe Lane, close to Carfax at the very center of Oxford. St Michael's Hall is a large building and contains, among other things, a lecture hall, teaching rooms, offices for the M-CMRS administration, the Feneley Library, and several floors of student accommodation, including a kitchen, dining room, and Junior Common Room.
Ten weeks of each semester coincide with Oxford University's Michaelmas or Hilary Terms.
References
External links
Centre for Medieval and Renaissance Studies official website
Educational institutions established in 1975
Education in Oxford
History education
Renaissance and early modern research centres |
17335886 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bartosz%20Salamon | Bartosz Salamon | Bartosz Salamon (, born 1 May 1991) is a Polish professional footballer who plays as a defender for Polish club Lech Poznań. He was also a member of the Poland UEFA Euro 2016 squad.
Club career
Early career
Salamon came through the academy of Polish side Lech Poznań after starting his footballing career at Concordia Murowana Goślina.
Brescia and loan to Foggia
Salamon made his Serie B debut on 3 May 2008 just two days after his 17th birthday, coming off the bench in the 77th minute of the win against Modena. On 17 January 2009, he appeared in Brescia's starting eleven for the first time, playing the full 90 minutes of the 4–0 win versus Pisa. On 9 August, he scored his first goal for Brescia in a 1–0 win over Ravenna in Coppa Italia.
In July 2010, it was announced he would play on loan at U.S. Foggia in Lega Pro Prima Divisione, the third tier of Italian football.
He returned to Brescia, in Serie B, for the 2011–12 season. In 2012–13, Brescia decided to play him mainly in central defense.
Milan
On 31 January 2013, Salamon joined Milan, signing a contract until 2017, for a fee of €3.5 million. He was given the number 14 shirt. However, he struggled to displace internationals Philippe Mexès, Cristián Zapata, Daniele Bonera and Mario Yepes in the pecking order.
Sampdoria
On 11 July 2013, Salamon was transferred to Sampdoria in a co-ownership deal for €1.6 million, as part of the deal that signing 50% registration rights of Andrea Poli for €3 million. The co-ownership deals were terminated on 9 June 2014, for an additional €4 million (Poli) and €1.6 million (Salamon) respectively. On 1 September 2014 Salamon joined Pescara in a temporary deal.
Cagliari
On 31 August 2015, Salamon was sold to Cagliari in a five-year contract for €1 million.
Hee made his debut on 7 September 2015, in a 4–0 win over Crotone and with time became a star performener for the club. In the 2015–16 season he won the Serie B title and was thus promoted to Serie A.
He was loaned to newly promoted S.P.A.L. 2013 at the beginning of the 2017-18 season. He made his debut for the club in a 3–2 win against Udinese.
Frosinone
On 9 August 2018, Salamon joined to Serie A side Frosinone on loan until 30 June 2019 with an obligation to buy.
Lech Poznań
On 9 January 2021 he signed a three-and-a-half-year contract with Polish Ekstraklasa side Lech Poznań. He is a product of their youth system and returns to Poznań after nearly fourteen years.
International career
Salamon has represented Poland at U-16, U-17, U-18, U-19, U-20 and U-21 levels. In September 2010, he received his first call up to the senior Poland national football team, for the matches against the United States and Ecuador. He made his debut on 26 March 2013 in a World Cup qualifying match against San Marino.
In March 2016, after a three-year absence the national team squad, he received a call from Poland Manager Adam Nawałka for matches against Serbia and Finland. On 30 May 2016, he was called up to Poland squad for UEFA Euro 2016, however he was an unused substitute in all the matches
Career statistics
Club
International
Honours
Cagliari
Serie B: 2015–16
Lech Poznań
Ekstraklasa: 2021–22
Individual
Ekstraklasa Defender of the Season: 2021–22
References
External links
Bartosz Salamon profile at acmilan.com
Bartosz Salamon Italian league stats at aic.football.it
Bartosz Salamon international caps at uefa.com
Lega Serie A profile
1991 births
Living people
Sportspeople from Poznań
Association football defenders
Polish footballers
Poland youth international footballers
Poland under-21 international footballers
Poland international footballers
UEFA Euro 2016 players
Brescia Calcio players
Calcio Foggia 1920 players
Lech Poznań players
A.C. Milan players
U.C. Sampdoria players
Cagliari Calcio players
S.P.A.L. players
Frosinone Calcio players
Serie A players
Serie B players
Ekstraklasa players
Polish expatriate footballers
Expatriate footballers in Italy
Polish expatriates in Italy |
17335890 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saori%20Kondo | Saori Kondo | Saori Kondo (born 1956) is a former badminton player who won Japanese national titles and excelled internationally in the late 1970s and early 1980s. Known for her quickness and determination, Kondo was runner-up in women's singles at the prestigious All-England Championships in both 1978 and 1979. She performed exceptionally well for the Japanese Uber Cup (women's international) teams, which won consecutive world championships in 1978 and 1981.
References
1956 births
Living people
Japanese female badminton players
Asian Games medalists in badminton
Asian Games bronze medalists for Japan
Badminton players at the 1978 Asian Games
Medalists at the 1978 Asian Games |
17335944 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mike%20Costin | Mike Costin | Michael Charles Costin (born 10 July 1929, in Hendon) was, together with Keith Duckworth, the co-founder of Cosworth Engineering, a producer of Ford-funded and sponsored engines. Drivers including Graham Hill, Jackie Stewart, Jochen Rindt, Emerson Fittipaldi, James Hunt, Mario Andretti, Alan Jones, Nelson Piquet, and Keke Rosberg won the Formula One World Championship using Cosworth DFV engines during the 1960s, 1970s and 1980s.
He was educated at Salvatorian College in Wealdstone and then apprenticed at De Havilland. In 1953 he started at Lotus, initially helping out on a part-time basis. Keith Duckworth joined Lotus in 1957 and they founded Cosworth Engineering in 1958. He later described himself as having "studied for 40 years at the University of Duckworth".
In recent years he has been a consultant to the revived Triumph motorbike company.
Mike Costin is the younger brother of Frank Costin, an aerodynamics and race car designer for Lotus, Lister and Maserati, and co-founder of Marcos Cars.
References
Further reading
British automotive engineers
Formula One designers
Possibly living people
1929 births |
17335947 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Same%20Sex%20Marriage%20%28Prohibition%29%20Act%202013 | Same Sex Marriage (Prohibition) Act 2013 | The Act to Make Provisions for the Prohibition of Relationship Between Persons of the Same Sex, Celebration of Marriage by Them, and for Other Matters Connected Therewith, also known as the Same Sex (Prohibition) Act 2006, was a controversial draft bill that was first put before the both houses of the National Assembly of Nigeria in early 2007. Seven years later, another draft was passed into legislation by president Goodluck Jonathan as the Same Sex Marriage (Prohibition) Act 2013.
History
It was first placed to the National Assembly by Justice Minister Bayo Ojo on January 18, 2006, but it wasn't passed during the first reading. On January 18, 2007 the bill was approved by the FEC and resent before the National Assembly. However, it received condemnation from human rights organizations for its restrictions on freedom of speech and organization, potentially placing Nigeria at odds with several international agreements to which the country is signatory; it was also seen in Nigeria as being a last-ditch election-year effort of the Obasanjo administration to appeal to public sentiment, since the second reading of the bill was being pushed after the Senate's defeat of a bill to amend the Constitution's limit on the number of presidential terms. As a result, the bill was not passed by either house before the general election that year.
Details
The proposed bill calls for five years imprisonment for anyone who undergoes, "performs, witnesses, aids, or abets" a same-sex marriage. It would also prohibit any display of a "same-sex amorous relationship" and adoption of children by gays or lesbians. The bill is expected to receive little or no opposition in Parliament.
The same bill would also call for five years imprisonment for involvement in public advocacy or associations supporting the rights of lesbian and gay people. Included in the bill is a proposal to ban any form of relationship with a gay person. The intent of the bill is to ban anything associated with being gay in the country.
Reaction
Domestic
The overwhelming majority of Nigerians were in full support of this legislation as it reflected the desire of the people who do not see it as a fundamental human right issue.
Of the few dissenting voices, one of the stiffest domestic opponents of the legislation was Davis Mac-Iyalla, a homosexual Nigerian LGBT rights advocate who heads the Nigerian chapter of Changing Attitude, an Anglican pro-LGBT organization based in the United Kingdom. Mac-Iyalla, who was repeatedly arrested by Nigerian police in pro-LGBT demonstrations in previous years, was already an opponent of Peter Akinola, the current Anglican Primate of the Church of Nigeria.
International
In February 2006, the United States State Department attacked the proposal. In March 2006, 16 international human rights groups signed a letter condemning the bill, calling it a violation of the freedoms of expression, association and assembly guaranteed by international law as well as by the African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights and a barrier to the struggle against the spread of HIV/AIDS in Nigeria. Some sources claim that Nigeria has the world's third-highest population of persons with AIDS: 3.6 million Nigerians are infected with HIV. But the Nigerian governmental organisation in charge of control of HIV/AIDS cater specifically for homosexual patients through the Nigerian Diversities Network (NDN). NDN has a mission of working in partnership with all key stakeholders (including homosexual people) to significantly reduce the HIV/AIDS vulnerability. The NDN works closely with government departments through its offices in the national and state capitals.
MassResistance praised the passing of the Nigerian Bill by stating Nigeria is “taking bold steps to fight back” against attempts “to subvert public morality”.
Legislation in 2014
Despite international pressure, the Same Sex Marriage (Prohibition) Act 2013 was signed by President Goodluck Jonathan and dated January 7, 2014. US Secretary of State John Kerry said the United States is "deeply concerned" by a law that "dangerously restricts freedom of assembly, association, and expression for all Nigerians." Former coloniser Britain said, "The U.K. opposes any form of discrimination on the grounds of sexual orientation." Two months later, the ban on gay marriage in the United Kingdom was lifted.
The Nigerian law already had provisions making homosexual sex illegal. The 2013 Act adds to this, "A person who registers, operates or participates in gay clubs, societies or organizations, or directly or indirectly makes public show of same-sex amorous relationship in Nigeria commits an offense and is liable on conviction to a term of 10 years." The bill is widely supported in Nigeria. In a survey of the U.S. Pew Research Center in 2013, 98 percent of the Nigerian respondents said society should not accept homosexuality.
In 2018, LGBT activists who have worked extensively in the country on LGBT issues and court cases involving LGBT persons all agree that the law has never been used to convict anyone in any homosexuality-related cases. This, they believe, is because the law itself is incoherent. In addition, many cases involving suspected LGBT persons lack proper evidence and sometimes there’s no evidence at all. That makes it impossible for prosecutors to present a winnable case and prove that any crime has been committed.
See also
LGBT rights in Nigeria
Recognition of same-sex unions in Nigeria
References
External links
Full text of the 2006 proposal
Full text of the 2013 Act
Human Rights, Homosexuality and the Anglican Communion: Reflections in Light of Nigeria
LGBT rights in Nigeria
Law of Nigeria
2007 in Nigeria
2007 in law
2007 in LGBT history
de:Homosexualität in Nigeria |
6901035 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gathering%20of%20Israel | Gathering of Israel | The Gathering of Israel (, Kibbutz Galuyot (Biblical: Qibbuṣ Galuyoth), lit. Ingathering of the Exiles, also known as Ingathering of the Jewish diaspora) is the biblical promise of given by Moses to the people of Israel prior to their entrance into the Land of Israel (Eretz Yisrael).
During the days of the Babylonian exile, writings of the prophets Isaiah and Ezekiel encouraged the people of Israel with a promise of a future gathering of the exiles to the land of Israel. The continual hope for a return of the Israelite exiles to the land has long been a core theme of religious Judaism since the destruction of the Second Temple. Maimonides connected its materialization with the coming of the Messiah.
The gathering of the exiles in the land of Israel became the core idea of the Zionist Movement and the core idea of Israel's Scroll of Independence (Megilat Ha'atzmaut), embodied by the idea of going up, Aliyah, since the Holy Land is considered to be spiritually higher than all other land. The immigration of Jews to the land and the State of Israel, the "mass" wave of Aliyot (plural form), has been likened to the Exodus from Egypt.
Moses' promise
In the latter parts of the Book of Deuteronomy, when Moses' death was near, he prophesied about the destiny of the people of Israel. Their destiny would not be promising – curses would come upon them and they would go into exile – but when they return to their homeland later, their situation will be as good as it had been in the past, and so said Moses:
In the process of the gathering of the exiles of Israel Moses emphasizes the followings points:
The exiles "will return to the Lord, your God."
The exiles "at the end of the heavens" will also return.
The situation will be improved after the ingathering of the exiles of Israel in the land of Israel: "and He will do good to you, and He will make you more numerous than your forefathers."
Prophets' promise
The Nevi'im (Prophets) prophesying after the destruction of the First Temple had encouraged the Babylonian exiles by reiterating the words of Moses.
In chapter 11 the Book of Isaiah says (the gathering here is mentioned as being done for the "second time". What this means remains cryptic):
In chapter 29 the Book of Jeremiah says:
In chapter 20 the Book of Ezekiel says:
Benediction regarding Kibbutz Galuyot
The Jewish rabbinical sages, Chazal, included the "Benediction Regarding Kibbutz Galuyot" among the thirteen benedictions of appeal in the Amidah, the central prayer of the Jewish liturgy. It is the earliest benediction wherein an appeal is made concerning subjects relating to Jewish nationality and restoring the existence of the Hebrew nation as an independent nation, the others being Birkat HaDin ("Benediction Regarding Justice"), Bo'neh Yerushalayim ("Builder of Jerusalem"), and Birkat David ("Benediction Regarding the Davidic Dynasty").
Maimonides
In Law of Kings, Maimonides writes:
According to Maimonides, of all the assignments attributed to the messiah, the Torah attested to one: "then, the Lord, your God, will bring back your exiles", the ingathering of the exiles of Israel, a Kibbutz Galuyot. The messiah is the ingatherer of the exiles of Israel.
Other Jewish scholars
Other Jewish scholars view this differently from Maimonides. They argue that the Torah attested to a period, not a person, the period in which the People of Israel return to their homeland, the land of Israel. The act of ingathering of the exiles of Israel in the land of Israel, a Kibbutz Galuyot, will bring about the coming of the messiah, as the hand of God is in the events of the creation of the State of Israel, obviously a different reality then Maimonides depicts, though they see the writings of Maimonides as a way of learning the importance of the role of the messiah, since the Maimonides was a scholar not a prophet, and did not live up to see the event of the establishment of the State of Israel.
Zvi Yehuda Kook, one of the leaders of the Religious Zionist Movement, used to quote from the Responsa book, Yeshuot Malko, of Israel Yehosha of kutna, in conjunction with Aliyah (10:66): "There is no doubt that this is a greater Mitzvah (a commandment of the Torah), because the gathering is an Atchalta De'Geulah ('the beginning of the redemption'), as attested, "I will yet gather others to him, together with his gathered ones" (Isaiah, 56:8), and see Yebamoth, page 64, "the Divine Presence does not rest on less than two myriads of Israelites", especially nowadays in which we have seen the great desire inasmuch as in men of lesser importance, mediocre ones, and upright in heart, it is more than likely that we would gleam with the spirit of salvation, fortunate are the "ones who" take part in "bringing merit unto the masses"
Haredi Judaism and Chabad movement takes the writings of the Maimonides literally: The messiah is assigned to mission of completing the ingathering the exiles of Israel. Until then, the Jewish community living in Israel is defined as a Diaspora of Israel, though they give their consent to the Jewish rule of Israel, and see the advantages of it.
Terms of Jewish nationality
1. Cyrus's Declaration (538 BC), Ezra 1:3
According to the Bible, Cyrus the Great called upon the Jews to implement the ingathering of the exiles of Israel, a Kibbutz Galuyot, through his conquests, and not only to live there but also to rebuild the Temple in Jerusalem (Beit HaMikdash) that was destroyed.
2. Napoleon, in his Proclamation to the Jews of Asia and Africa (1799), implicitly suggested rebuilding the Holy Temple in Jerusalem, which had been destroyed for the second time:
The French scholar Henry Laurens holds that the proclamation never took place and that the document supposedly proving its existence is a forgery.
3. Balfour Declaration:
A formal statement of policy by the British government stating:
Zionism
The First Zionist Congress of the World Zionist Organization (WZO), assembled in Basel in August 1897 and adopted the Zionist platform, which came to be known as the Basel Program, which stipulated the following goal: "Zionism seeks to establish a homeland for the Jewish people in Eretz Israel secured by public law".
Aliyah
Aliyah Bet was the code name given to illegal immigration by Jews to Mandatory Palestine between 1920 and 1948, in violation of the restrictions laid out in the British White Paper of 1939, which dramatically increased between 1939 and 1948. Aliyah Bet was organized by the Yishuv (the Jewish settlement in the Land of Israel before Israel's establishment as a country) from 1934 until the State of Israel began in 1948.
Aliyah Bet was carried out by the Mossad Le'aliyah Bet, a branch of the Jewish Defense Association (Haganah), the paramilitary organization that was to become the Israeli Defense Force (IDF). During Aliyah Bet's 14 years of activity, 115,000 Jews made Aliyah to the Land of Israel. The British Mandate for Palestine attempted to limit the number of immigration certificates in a way which contradicted the national goals of the Jewish community living there. Aliyah Bet started only modestly in the midst of the nineteen-thirties.
The State of Israel
The idea of the ingathering of the exiles of Israel in the land of Israel (a Kibbutz Galuyot) was the basis for the establishment of the State of Israel. After the Holocaust, the United Nations General Assembly, in its decision making process on United Nations Partition Plan for Palestine, perceived this idea to be the reason for adopting the decision on a Jewish State. Expressions of yearning for the gathering of the exiles of Israel in the land of Israel can be found in the Prayer for the State of Israel, which was authored by Israel's Chief Rabbis during the first years of Israel's existence. Israel's bodies of authorities have expressed their opinion on this matter by passing the Law of Return, which granted every Jew the right to make Aliyah to the land of Israel.
Prayer for the State of Israel
The Prayer for the Welfare of the State of Israel is recited on the Sabbath and Jewish holidays in many synagogues around the world. The prayer appeals to God to bless the land of Israel, to assist its leaders, and an appeal using the words of Moses:
The prayer is commonly recited in Religious Zionist and Conservative Judaism synagogues, but generally not in Haredi synagogues.
Law of Return
The Law of Return (Hebrew: חוק השבות, Hok ha-shvut), a law passed in 1950 in memory of the Holocaust, allows every Jew the right to make Aliyah to the State of Israel and to receive a certificate of Aliyah, which grants the certificate holder an Israeli Citizenship immediately. This stems from Israel's identity as the Jewish State, which is connected to the idea of the gathering of Israel.
Yom HaAliyah
Yom HaAliyah (Aliyah Day) () is a new Israeli national holiday officially passed into law on June 21, 2016. Yom HaAliyah is to be celebrated annually on the tenth of the Hebrew month of Nisan (). The day was established to acknowledge Aliyah, immigration to the Jewish state, as a core value of the State of Israel, and honor the ongoing contributions of Olim to Israeli society.
The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints
Members of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints believe in the literal gathering of Israel: That all of the lost tribes will be returned and gathered together around the time of the second coming of Jesus Christ.
Members of the church receive patriarchal blessings in which their lineage is declared: They are declared as being a descendent (literal or adopted) of one of the twelve tribes of Israel. Most members of the church today are a part of the tribe of Ephraim, a fulfillment of prophecy that Ephraim would have the birthright and responsibility for helping to gather scattered Israel in the last days.
See also
References
External links
The decision on Jewish State, a National home for the Gathered Jews Knesset (government website)
Aliyah
Book of Deuteronomy
Hebrew Bible words and phrases
Jewish diaspora
Jewish eschatology |
17335964 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1969%20CONCACAF%20Championship%20qualification | 1969 CONCACAF Championship qualification | A total of 12 CONCACAF teams entered the competition. , as the hosts, and , as the defending champions, qualified automatically, leaving 4 spots open for competition. The 10 teams were divided into 5 groups of 2 in which one of them will advance to the final tournament.
Preliminary round
Series One
20 April 1969, Port-au-Prince, Haiti – 2 - 0
11 May 1969, San Diego, United States – 0 - 1
Haiti qualifies with aggregate score of 3-0.
Series Two
21 October 1969, Mexico City, Mexico – 3 - 0
2 November 1969, Hamilton, Bermuda – 2 - 1
Mexico qualifies with aggregate score of 4-2.
Series Three
11 April 1969, Kingston, Jamaica – 1 - 1
11 May 1969, Kingston, Jamaica – 1 - 2
Jamaica qualifies with aggregate score of 3-2.
Series Four
was disqualified due to Football War with El Salvador, so advanced to the tournament automatically.
Series Five
was disqualified due to Football War with Honduras, so '' advanced to the tournament automatically.
References
CONCACAF Gold Cup qualification
qualification |
20468449 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1998%20Lipton%20Championships%20%E2%80%93%20Men%27s%20singles | 1998 Lipton Championships – Men's singles | Marcelo Ríos defeated Andre Agassi in the final, 7–5, 6–3, 6–4 to win the men's singles tennis title at the 1998 Miami Open. With the win, he completed the Sunshine Double.
Thomas Muster was the reigning champion, but did not participate this year.
Seeds
All thirty-two seeds received a bye to the second round.
Draw
Finals
Top half
Section 1
Section 2
Section 3
Section 4
Bottom half
Section 5
Section 6
Section 7
Section 8
External links
Main draw
Men's Singles |
6901053 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gae%20Aulenti | Gae Aulenti | Gae Aulenti (; 4 December 1927 – 31 October 2012) was a prolific Italian architect, whose work spans industrial and exhibition design, furniture, graphics, stage design, lighting and interior design. She was well known for several large-scale museum projects, including the Musée d'Orsay in Paris (1980–86) with ACT Architecture, the Contemporary Art Gallery at the Centre Pompidou in Paris, the restoration of Palazzo Grassi in Venice (1985–86), and the Asian Art Museum of San Francisco with HOK (firm) (2000–2003). Aulenti was one of the few women designing in the postwar period in Italy, where Italian designers sought to make meaningful connections to production principles beyond Italy. This avant-garde design movement blossomed into an entirely new type of Italian architecture, one full of imaginary utopias leaving standardization to the past.
Aulenti's deep involvement in the Milan design scene of the 1950s and 1960s formed her into an architect respected for her analytical abilities to navigate metropolitan complexity no matter the medium. Her conceptual development can be followed in the design magazine Casabella, to which she contributed regularly.
Her contemporaries were Vittorio Gregotti, Giancarlo de Carlo and Aldo Rossi.
Early life and education
A native of Palazzolo dello Stella (Friuli), Gaetana Aulenti (Gae, as she was known, is pronounced similarly to "guy") studied to be an architect at the Milan School of Architecture of the Polytechnic University, and graduated in 1954 as one of two women in a class of 20. She grew up playing the piano and reading books. She told The Times that she studied architecture in defiance of her parents’ hope that she would become “a nice society girl.” She soon joined the staff of Casabella, a design magazine, and joined with her peers in rejecting the architecture of masters like Le Corbusier, Mies van der Rohe and Walter Gropius. They called themselves the “Neo Liberty” movement, where they favored traditional building methods coupled with individual stylistic expression.
Work and career
Aulenti began her career as a private-practicing architect and freelance designer out of Milan in 1954. Her architectural practice included many interior flat designs for corporate clients, including Fiat, Banca Commerciale Italiana, Pirelli, Olivetti, and Knoll International. Her freelance design work included products for Poltronova, Candle, Ideal Standard, Louis Vuitton, and Artemide, to name a few.
Branching into written publication, Aulenti joined the editorial staff at the design magazine Casabella-Continuità from 1955 until 1965 as an art director, doing graphic design work, and later served on the board of directors for the renamed Lotus International magazine (based in Milan from 1974 onwards). During that time she became part of a group of young professionals influenced by the philosophy of Ernesto Nathan Rogers.
Aulenti taught at Venice School of Architecture as an assistant instructor in architectural composition from 1960 to 1962 and at the Milan School of Architecture of the Polytechnic University from 1964 to 1967. With these experiences, she became a visiting lecturer at congresses and professional institutions in Europe and North America from 1967 onwards. She sought membership in two of them, American Society of Interior Designers, 1967, and Member of Movimento Studi per I'Architettura, Milan, 1955-61. During that time, she also designed for a department store, La Rinascente, and later designed furniture for Zanotta, where she created two of her most well known pieces, the "April" folding chair which was made from stainless steel with a removable cover, and her "Sanmarco" table constructed from plate-glass. Transitioning from teaching, Aulenti joined Luca Ronconi as a collaborator in figurative research for Laboratorio di Progettazione Teatrale out of Prato, Florence (1976–79). She then also served as vice-president of the Italian Association Of Industrial Design (ADI).
In 1981, she was chosen to turn the 1900 Beaux Arts Gare d'Orsay train station, a spectacular landmark originally designed by Victor Laloux, into the Musée d’Orsay, a museum of mainly French art from 1848 to 1915. Her work on the Musée d’Orsay led to commissions to create a space for the National Museum of Modern Art at the Centre Georges Pompidou in Paris; the restoration of the Palazzo Grassi as an art museum in Venice; the conversion of an old Italian embassy in Berlin into an Academy of Science; and the restoration of a 1929 exhibition hall in Barcelona as Museu Nacional d'Art de Catalunya. In San Francisco, she transformed the city’s Beaux Art Main Library into a museum of Asian art. In 2011, Aulenti oversaw the expansion of Perugia Airport.
Aulenti also occasionally worked as a stage designer for Luca Ronconi, including for Samstag aus Licht (1984). She also planned six stores for the fashion designer Adrienne Vittadini, including one on Rodeo Drive in Los Angeles. She even designed the mannequins.
Aulenti's work in theater was highly architectural, as she saw 'the scenic box not as a container to embellish and render recognizable in the sense of something already known, but as a real space in itself".
Her career ended with over 200 built works.
Selected individual and group exhibitions
1963: Aspetti dell'Arte Contemporanea, L'Aquila, Italy
1967: Gae Aulenti, Gimbels Department Store, New York
1968: Italian Design, Hallmark Gallery, New York
1972: Italy: The New Domestic Landscape, Museum of Modern Art, New York
1979: Gae Aulenti, Padiglione d'Arte Contemporanea, Milan
1985: Le Affinità Elettive, Milan Triennal
1985: 10 Proposte per Milano, Milan Triennal
Style
Aulenti worked in the post-war period of Italy while creating pieces that spanned across a wide variety of styles and influences. She always wanted the focus of the room to be the occupants, believing people make the room a room. She had a modest style; Vogue quoted her as saying "advice to whoever asks me how to make a home is to not have anything, just a few shelves for books, some pillows to sit on. And then, to take a stand against the ephemeral, against passing trends...and to return to lasting values."
Various works
Poltronova, Sgarsul Rocking Chair, 1962
Poltronova, Locus Solus Collection, 1964
Olivetti, Martinelli Luce Pipistrello Table Lamp, 1965
Knoll, Jumbo Table, 1965
Fontana Arte, Parola Lamps, 1980
Fontana Arte, Tavalo con Route, 1980
Fontana Arte, Tour, 1993
Gaecolor Vase, 2005
Olivetti Showroom in Paris, 1965
Musee d'Orsay, 1980–1986
National Museum of Modern Art at the Centre Georges Pompidou in Paris, 1982–1985
Palazzo Grassi Renovation, 1985–1993
National Art Museum of Catalonia (MNAC) Restoration, 1990
Villa at Torrecchia Vecchia, c. 1991
Museum of Asian Art in San Francisco, 2003
Palazzo Branciforte, Palermo
Death and legacy
Aulenti died in Milan on 31 October 2012, just weeks prior to her 85th birthday. She was suffering from chronic illness and made her last public appearance on 16 October, when she received the career prize at the Milan Triennale. Aulenti is commemorated in Milan by the Piazza Gae Aulenti in December 2012, soon after her death.
A portion of Aulenti's papers, drawings, and designs including the design drawings for the Asian Art Museum in San Francisco, California are collected at International Archive of Women in Architecture in Newman Library, Virginia Tech.
Awards
At the 1964 Milan Triennial, Aulenti won the Grand International Prize for her piece in the Italian Pavilion. Her piece was a room with mirrored walls with cutout silhouettes of women inspired by Picasso. It was entitled "Arrivo al Mare". She also served on the Executive Board for the Triennial from 1977- 1980. In 1991, she was awarded the prestigious Praemium Imperiale.
Ubi Prize for Stage Design, Milan, 1980
Architecture Medal, Academie d' Architecture, Paris, 1983
Josef Hoffmann Prize, Hochschule fur Angewandte Kunst, Vienna, 1984
Chevalier de la Legion d' Honneur, France, 1987
Commandeur, Order des Artes et Letters, France, 1987
Honorary Dean of Architecture, Merchandise Mart of Chicago, 1988
Accademico Nazionale, Accademia di San Luca, Rome, 1988
Publications (selected)
Aulenti and others, Una Nova Scuola de Base, Milan, 1973
Aulenti, Franco Quadri and Luca Renconi, Il Laboratorio di Prato, Milan, 1981
Aulenti and others, Il Quartetto delta Maledizione, Milan, 1985
Aulenti and others, Progetto Bicocca, Milan, 1986
Aulenti, Gae Aulenti, New York, 1997
Quotes
"There are plenty of other talented female architects, but most of them seem to link up with men...I've always worked for myself, and it's been quite and education. Women in architecture must not think of themselves as a minority, because the minute you do, you become paralyzed. It is important to never create the problem." – Aulenti quoted in The Guardian's recent obituary.
"Advice to whoever asks me how to make a home is to not have anything, just a few shelves for books, some pillows to sit on. And then, to take a stand against the ephemeral, against passing trends...and to return to lasting values." – Aulenti to Vogue
"I am convinced that architecture is tied to the polis, it is an art of the city, of the foundation, and as such it is necessarily related and conditioned by the context in which it is born. Place, time, and culture create that architecture, instead of another." – Aulenti in Margherita Petranzan, Gae Aulenti, Rizzoli Skira, Milan, 2002
"It's not possible to define a style in my work. If you're designing an airport, then airplanes are important. It's no more complicated designing a museum. I prefer museums for my personal passion – the art." – Aulenti quoted in The Times
"The conscious principle in this design has been to achieve forms that could create experiences, and that could at the same time welcome everyone's experiences with the serenity of an effortless development." – Aulenti
"When you're criticized for something, it's best to wait two or three years and see." – Aulenti
"What is more real and tangible within an artificial space than brick?" - Aulenti
"Raggi: Has the fact that you are a woman been a crucial influence in your work:" Aulenti: Yes." – Aulenti in interview with Franco Raggi, "From a Great Desire to Build a City" published in Modo, no. 21, 1979.
References
Further reading
Muriel Emmanuel. Contemporary Architects. New York: St. Martin's Press, 1980. . NA680.C625. p 53.
Ruth A Peltason. 100 Contemporary Architects. New York: Harry N. Abrams, Inc., Publishers. . NA2700.L26. p 24.
"Design & Art: Gae Aulenti." Design & Art: Products. Web. 21 Nov. 2011. <https://web.archive.org/web/20111016072543/http://www.designandart.at/designer/gae-aulenti/>.
Davide Mosconi. "Design Italia '70" Milan 1970.
Nathan H. Shapira, "Design Processes Olivetti 1908–1978". Los Angeles, 1979.
Vittorio Gregotti, Emilio Battisti, Franco Quadri. "Gae Aulenti" exhibition catalog. Milan 1979.
Erica Brown, "Interior Views" London 1980
Eric Larrabee, Massimo Vignelli, "Knoll Design", New York 1981.
"Gae Autenti e il Museo d' Orsay" Milan 1987.
Arata Isozaki "International Design Yearbook 1988–89", London 1988.
Marc Gaillard, Oeil Magazine, November 1990.
Jeremy Myerson, "Grande Dame" article in Design Week, 14 October 1994.
"Pillow Talk" article in Design Week, 10 November 1995.
External links
Gae Aulenti Archive
Musée d'Orsay Official Website
Famous Architects. “Gae Aulenti Architect | Biography, Buildings, Projects and Facts.” Accessed October 24, 2021. https://www.famous-architects.org/gae-aulenti/.
“Gae Aulenti : Weekend House for Mrs. Brion, San Michele, Italy, 1974.” GA Houses, no. 171 (July 1, 2020): 67–69.
Rykwert, Joseph, 1926-. “Gae Aulenti’s Milan.” Architectural Digest 47, no. 1 (January 1, 1990): 92–97.
1927 births
2012 deaths
People from Palazzolo dello Stella
20th-century Italian architects
Italian interior designers
Italian women architects
Recipients of the Praemium Imperiale
20th-century Italian women
People of Apulian descent
People of Calabrian descent
People of Campanian descent
Italian furniture designers
Italian designers
Italian industrial designers
Designers |
6901054 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beat%20Generation%20%28play%29 | Beat Generation (play) | Beat Generation is a play written by Jack Kerouac upon returning home to Florida after his seminal work On the Road had been published in 1957. Gerald Nicosia, a Kerouac biographer and family friend has said that theatre producer Leo Gavin suggested that Kerouac should write a play; the outcome being Beat Generation.
It was rejected by theatre companies and was shelved in warehouse storage until being rediscovered in a New Jersey warehouse in 2005.
A part of Beat Generation went on to provide the script for the 1959 film Pull My Daisy, which starred Allen Ginsberg, Peter Orlovsky, Gregory Corso, Larry Rivers, Alice Neel, David Amram, Richard Bellamy and Delphine Seyrig. It was named after the poem "Pull My Daisy" by Kerouac, Ginsberg and Neal Cassady. Kerouac provided improvised narration to the film.
Since then excerpts have appeared in Best Life Magazine (July 2005), and the play has been published by Thunders Mouth Press. Beat Generation received its world premiere as part of the 2012 Jack Kerouac Literary Festival from October 10–14 in Kerouac's hometown of Lowell, Massachusetts. It was announced the play would be presented in a staged reading format by Merrimack Repertory Theatre and the University of Massachusetts Lowell.
References
External links
Guardian Newspaper article on the re-emergence of Beat Generation
Works by Jack Kerouac
American plays adapted into films |
20468468 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Primovula | Primovula | Primovula is a genus of sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the family Ovulidae, the false cowries.
Species
Species within the genus Primovula include:
Primovula astra Omi & Iino, 2005
Primovula beckeri (Sowerby, 1900)
Primovula fulguris (Azuma & Cate, 1971)
Primovula panthera Omi, 2008
Primovula roseomaculata (Schepman, 1909)
Primovula rosewateri (Cate, 1973)
Primovula santacarolinensis Cate, 1978
Primovula tadashigei (Cate, 1973)
Primovula tropica Schilder, 1931
Primovula uvula Cate, 1978
Species brought into synonymy
Primovula adriatica Allan, 1956: synonym of Pseudosimnia adriatica (Sowerby, 1828)
Primovula aureola Fehse, 2002: synonym of Crenavolva aureola (Fehse, 2002)
Primovula azumai Cate, 1970: synonym of Dentiovula azumai (Cate, 1970)
Primovula bellica Cate, 1973: synonym of Cuspivolva bellica (Cate, 1973)
Primovula bellocqae Cardin, 1997: synonym of Pseudosimnia juanjosensii (Pérez & Gómez, 1987)
Primovula carnea (Poiret, 1789): synonym of Pseudosimnia carnea (Poiret, 1789)
Primovula cavanaghi Allan, 1956: synonym of Globovula cavanaghi (Iredale, 1931)
Primovula celzardi Fehse, 2008: synonym of Cuspivolva celzardi (Fehse, 2008)
Primovula coarctaca Schilder, 1941: synonym of Prosimnia semperi (Weinkauff, 1881)
Primovula colobica Azuma & Cate, 1971: synonym of Dentiovula colobica (Azuma & Cate, 1971)
Primovula concinna Schilder, 1932: synonym of Procalpurnus semistriatus (Pease, 1862)
Primovula dautzenbergi Schilder, 1931: synonym of Diminovula dautzenbergi (Schilder, 1931)
Primovula diaphana Liltved, 1987: synonym of Pseudosimnia diaphana (Liltved, 1987)
Primovula dondani Cate, 1964: synonym of Serratovolva dondani (Cate, 1964)
Primovula dubia Cate, 1973: synonym of Primovula fulguris (Azuma & Cate, 1971)
Primovula formosa Schilder, 1941: synonym of Crenavolva traillii (A. Adams, 1855)
Primovula fructicum (Reeve, 1865): synonym of Prionovolva wilsoniana Cate, 1973: synonym of Prionovolva brevis (Sowerby, 1828)
Primovula fruticum (Reeve, 1865): synonym of Prionovolva brevis (Sowerby, 1828)
Primovula fumikoae Azuma & Cate, 1971: synonym of Sandalia triticea (Lamarck, 1810)
Primovula habui Cate, 1973: synonym of Cuspivolva habui (Cate, 1973)
Primovula helenae Cate, 1973: synonym of Cuspivolva helenae (Cate, 1973)
Primovula horai Cardin, 1994: synonym of Dentiovula horai (Cardin, 1994)
Primovula horimasarui Cate & Azuma, 1971: synonym of Hiatavolva coarctata (Sowerby in A. Adams & Reeve, 1848)
Primovula kurodai Cate & Azuma in Cate, 1973: synonym of Primovula roseomaculata (Schepman, 1909)
Primovula luna Omi, 2007: synonym of Pseudosimnia diaphana (Liltved, 1987)
Primovula mariae Schilder, 1941: synonym of Dentiovula mariae (Schilder, 1941)
Primovula mucronata Azuma & Cate, 1971: synonym of Cuspivolva mucronata (Azuma & Cate, 1971)
Primovula myrakeenae Azuma & Cate, 1971: synonym of Dentiovula azumai (Cate, 1970)
Primovula narinosa Cate, 1973: synonym of Cuspivolva narinosa (Cate, 1973)
Primovula oryza Omi & Clover, 2005: synonym of Dentiovula oryza (Omi & Clover, 2005)
Primovula platysia Cate, 1973: synonym of Cuspivolva platysia (Cate, 1973)
Primovula pyriformis Allan, 1956: synonym of Diminovula alabaster (Reeve, 1865)
Primovula rhodia Schilder, 1932: synonym of Simnia aperta (Sowerby, 1849)
Primovula rhodia (A. Adams, 1854): synonym of Sandalia triticea (Lamarck, 1810)
Primovula rutherfordiana Cate, 1973: synonym of Dentiovula rutherfordiana (Cate, 1973)
Primovula singularis Cate, 1973: synonym of Cuspivolva singularis (Cate, 1973)
Primovula sinomaris Cate, 1973: synonym of Primovula roseomaculata (Schepman, 1909)
Primovula solemi Cate, 1973: synonym of Pseudosimnia vanhyningi (M. Smith, 1940)
Primovula tigris Yamamoto, 1971: synonym of Cuspivolva tigris (Yamamoto, 1971)
Primovula tosaensis Azuma & Cate, 1971: synonym of Dissona tosaensis (Azuma & Cate, 1971)
Primovula tropica Schilder, 1941: synonym of Primovula tropica Schilder, 1931
Primovula vanhyningi M. Smith, 1940: synonym of Pseudosimnia vanhyningi (M. Smith, 1940)
Primovula virgo Azuma & Cate, 1971: synonym of Crenavolva virgo (Azuma & Cate, 1971)
References
Gofas, S.; Le Renard, J.; Bouchet, P. (2001). Mollusca, in: Costello, M.J. et al. (Ed.) (2001). European register of marine species: a check-list of the marine species in Europe and a bibliography of guides to their identification. Collection Patrimoines Naturels, 50: pp. 180–213
Ovulidae |
6901058 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Night%20Train%20%28Jimmy%20Forrest%20composition%29 | Night Train (Jimmy Forrest composition) | "Night Train" is a twelve-bar blues instrumental standard first recorded by Jimmy Forrest in 1951.
Origins and development
"Night Train" has a long and complicated history. The piece's opening riff was first recorded in 1940 by a small group led by Duke Ellington sideman Johnny Hodges, under the title "That's the Blues, Old Man".
Ellington used the same riff as the opening and closing theme of a longer-form composition, "Happy-Go-Lucky Local", that was itself one of four parts of his Deep South Suite. Forrest was part of Ellington's band when it performed this composition, which has a long tenor saxophone break in the middle. After leaving Ellington, Forrest recorded "Night Train" on United Records and had a major rhythm & blues hit. While "Night Train" employs the same riff as the earlier recordings, it is used in a much earthier R&B setting. Forrest inserted his own solo over a stop-time rhythm not used in the Ellington composition. He put his own stamp on the tune, but its relation to the earlier composition is obvious.
Solo importance
Like Illinois Jacquet's solo on "Flying Home", Forrest's original saxophone solo on "Night Train" became a veritable part of the composition, and is usually recreated in cover versions by other performers. Buddy Morrow's trombone transcription of Forrest's solo from his big-band recording of the tune is similarly incorporated into many performances.
Broadcast Music, Inc. (BMI) credits the composition to Jimmy Forrest and Oscar Washington.
Lyrics
Several different sets of lyrics have been set to the tune of "Night Train". The earliest, written in 1952, are credited to Lewis P. Simpkins, the co-owner of United Records, and guitarist Oscar Washington. They are a typical blues lament by man who regrets treating his woman badly now that she has left him. Douglas Wolk, who describes the original lyrics as "fairly awful", suggests that Simpkins co-wrote (or had Washington write) them as a deliberate throwaway, in order to get part of the tune's songwriting credit; this entitled him to substantial share of "Night Train"'s royalties, even though it was most often performed as an instrumental without the lyrics.
Eddie Jefferson recorded a version of "Night Train" with more optimistic lyrics, about a woman returning to her man on the night train.
James Brown version
James Brown recorded "Night Train" with his band in 1961. His performance replaced the original lyrics of the song with a shouted list of cities on his East Coast touring itinerary (and hosts to black radio stations he hoped would play his music) along with many repetitions of the song's name. (Brown would repeat this lyrical formula on "Mashed Potatoes U.S.A." and several other recordings.) He also played drums on the recording. Originally appearing as a track on the album James Brown Presents His Band and Five Other Great Artists, it received a single release in 1962 and became a hit, charting #5 R&B and #35 Pop.
A live version of the tune was the closing number on Brown's 1963 album Live at the Apollo. Brown also performs "Night Train" along with his singing group the Famous Flames (Bobby Byrd, Bobby Bennett, and Lloyd Stallworth) on the 1964 motion picture/concert film The T.A.M.I. Show.
Brown's backing band the J.B.'s would later incorporate the main saxophone line of "Night Train" in their instrumental single, "All Aboard The Soul Funky Train", released on the 1975 album Hustle with Speed.
Other versions
Earl Bostic - 1952 a faster version more familiar to modern listeners which was imitated in the movie Back to the Future.
Louis Prima - 1956 on The Wildest! album.
James Brown – Live at the Apollo, 1963
Dirty Dozen Brass Band – Live: Mardi Gras in Montreux, 1986
Jimmy Forrest – 1951
Eddie Jefferson with Hamiet Bluiett – The Main Man, 1977
Art Mooney and His Orchestra, 1958
Buddy Morrow – 1952
Oscar Peterson – Night Train, 1962
Georgie Fame – Rhythm and Blues at the Flamingo, 1964
Marvin Berry & The Starlighters - 1955, performed up-tempo in the 1985 movie Back to the Future World Saxophone Quartet – Rhythm and Blues, 1988
Christian McBride – For Jimmy, Wes and Oliver'', 2020
See also
List of train songs
References
External links
[ Song Review] of the James Brown version from Allmusic
1950s jazz standards
1951 songs
1950s instrumentals
James Brown songs
The Kingsmen songs |
23575917 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20Would%20I%20Lie%20to%20You%3F%20episodes | List of Would I Lie to You? episodes | The following is a list of episodes for the British comedy panel show Would I Lie to You?, which was first broadcast on 16 June 2007. As of 3 June 2022, 130 regular episodes (including 9 Christmas specials) and 18 clip shows have been broadcast across fifteen series; 148 episodes in total (not including the 2011 Comic Relief or 2016 Children in Need specials). The Series 2 & 3 clip shows consisted of a mix of new and previously seen footage; beginning with the fourth series, the clip shows were made up entirely of new material (although some later series also included an additional episode of the best previously broadcast footage).
All episodes are approximately 30 minutes long, and feature team captains Lee Mack and David Mitchell (with the exception of a series 8 episode where Mack was unable to attend the recording and his place was taken by Greg Davies), accompanied by two celebrity guests each. The first two series were hosted by Angus Deayton; he was replaced by Rob Brydon from the third series onwards.
Episode list
The coloured backgrounds denote the result of each of the shows:
– indicates David's team won.
– indicates Lee's team won.
– indicates the game ended in a draw.
Bold type – indicates Rob's individual liar of the week (used from series 3 to 9).
Series 1 (2007)
Series 2 (2008)
Series 3 (2009)
Series 4 (2010)
Comic Relief special (2011)
Series 5 (2011)
Series 6 (2012)
Series 7 (2013)
Series 8 (2014–15)
Series 9 (2015–16)
Series 10 (2016)
Children in Need special (2016)
Series 11 (2017–18)
Series 12 (2018–19)
Series 13 (2019–20)
Series 14 (2020–21)
Series 15 (2021–22)
Series 16
Scores
Footnotes
References
External links
Lists of British comedy television series episodes
Lists of British non-fiction television series episodes |
23575924 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%A9onora%20Miano | Léonora Miano | Léonora Miano (born 1973, in Douala) is a Cameroonian author.
Biography
Léonora Miano was born in Douala in Cameroon. She moved to France in 1991, where she first settled in Valenciennes and then in Nanterre to study American Literature. She published her first novel, Dark Heart of the Night, which was well received by French critics, receiving six prizes: Les Lauriers Verts de la Forêt des Livres, Révélation (2005), the Louis Guilloux prize (2006), the Prix du Premier Roman de Femme (2006), the René-Fallet prize (2006), the Bernard-Palissy prize (2006),and the Cameroonian Excellence prize (2007). The Lire magazine awarded it with the title of the best first French novel in 2005.
Her second novel, Contours du jour qui vient, received the Goncourt des lycéens prize, which was discerned by a jury of young high schoolers between the ages of 15 and 18.
In the spring of 2008, Léonora Miano published five novels in the « Étonnants classiques » collection of the Flammarion Group. The novels are grouped under the title, Afropean et autres nouvelles.
According to Daniel S. Larangé, Miano's work has the particularity of creating an afropéenne literature that is aware of the transformations of the world and of humanity. She defends the afropéenne identity at a time of globalization, which could regenerate French culture through the bias French-speaking literature. Daniel S. Larangé also adds that "jazzy writing" is based on a popular and musical culture that integrates impromptu rhythms and rhapsodies specific to jazz.
In 2013, Léonora Miano won the Prix Femina for La Saison de l'Ombre which recounts, in keeping with Yambo Ouologuem's Devoir de Violence, the beginning of the slave trade. The novel, rich in emotions, would be a parable of globalization which leads to the exploitation of humanity as a product of consumption.
In 2015, she directed the collective work Volcaniques: une anthologie du plaisir in which twelve women authors of the black world, Hemley Boum, Nafissatou Dia Diouf, Marie Dô, Nathalie Etoke, Gilda Gonfier, Axelle Jah Njiké, Fabienne Kanor, Gaël Octavia, Gisèle Pineau, Marie-Laure Endale, Elizabeth Tchoungui and Léonora Miano herself have written short stories around this theme.
In 2018, Satoshi Miyagi directed Révélation, the first part of a trilogy on the history of slavery called Red in Blue, published in 2011. Léonora Miano, a specialist in the colonial event, chose Satoshi Miyagi as the director because his Japanese culture is distant from the history of the transatlantic slavery. It was the writer's desire to avoid "cultural appropriation" by a Westerner. The contrast between the familiar story for a Western spectator and the aesthetic distance (dissociation of voice and body inherited from Japanese theater) creates a surprise and goes beyond the confrontation between Africa and Europe.
Her writing has won several literary awards, including the Louis Guilloux Prize (2006), the Montalembert Prize (2006), the René Fallet Prize (2006), the Bernard Palissy Prize (2006), the Prix Goncourt des Lycéens (2006) and the Prix Fémina (2013).
She criticized the foreword added to the English translation of her 2005 first novel, Dark Heart of the Night, calling it "full of lies"; in 2012 Zukiswa Wanner, however, based on reading Dark Heart of the Night rated Miano as one of her top five African writers (alongside H. J. Golakai, Ondjaki, Chika Unigwe and Thando Mgqolozana), describing Miano's work as "brilliant".
Awards
2006: Prix Goncourt des Lycéens
2006: Prix Louis-Guilloux
2006: Montalembert Prize
2006: Bernard Palissy Prize
2006: René Fallet Prize
2011: Grand prix littéraire d'Afrique noire
2012: Prix Seligmann
2013: Grand prix du roman métis
2013: Prix Fémina
Works
L'Intérieur de la nuit, Plon, 2005; Pocket, 2006,
Dark Heart of the Night (translated by Tamsin Black), University of Nebraska Press, 2010,
Contours du jour qui vient, Plon, 2006, ; Pocket Jeunesse 2008; Pocket 2008,
Afropean Soul, Flammarion,
Tels des astres éteints, Plon, 2008,
Soulfood équatoriale, Robert Laffont, 2009,
Les Aubes écarlates, Plon, 2009,
Blues pour Elise, Plon, 2010,
Ces âmes chagrines, Plon, 2011
Écrits pour la parole, L'Arche éditeur, 2012
Habiter la frontière, L'Arche éditeur, 2012
La Saison de l'ombre, Grasset, 2013 — Prix Femina 2013
Season of the Shadow (translated by Gila Walker), Seagull Books, 2018,
Crépuscule du tourment, Grasset, 2016
L’impératif transgressif , L'Arche éditeur, 2016 ()7
Crépuscule du tourment 2 Héritage, Grasset, 2017 ()
Rouge impératrice Grasset, 2019, ()
References
External links
Cameroonian women writers
Cameroonian expatriates in France
Cameroonian writers in French
People from Douala
1973 births
Living people
Chevaliers of the Ordre des Arts et des Lettres
Prix Louis Guilloux winners
Prix Femina winners
Prix Goncourt des lycéens winners
20th-century Cameroonian writers
20th-century Cameroonian women writers
21st-century Cameroonian writers
21st-century Cameroonian women writers |
20468494 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imero%20Fiorentino | Imero Fiorentino | Imero (Immie) Fiorentino (July 12, 1928 – October 1, 2013) was an American lighting designer, considered one of the most respected pioneers and leaders in the American entertainment industry. Beginning his career as a lighting designer in the Golden Age of Television, he designed productions for such celebrated series as Omnibus, U.S. Steel Hour, Pulitzer Prize Playhouse and Kraft Television Theatre. Fiorentino's expertise was often called upon by industry professionals throughout the world to consult on the planning and development of major productions, exhibits, museums and architectural projects; from the Republican National Convention and Democratic National Convention and numerous United States presidential election debates, major concert tours and television specials to the environmental lighting for Epcot’s World Showcase at Walt Disney World. His consulting work on major corporate events with clients included: Anheuser-Busch, Michelin, Electrolux, American Express and Xerox.
Early life and education
Fiorentino was born in Brooklyn, New York, the son of Sicilian parents Margaret Viola (a doll dress maker who later worked for a real estate agency) and Dominick Fiorentino (an artist who painted the faces on the Dy-Dee Dolls), who met in New York. As a young boy, he enjoyed trips to Radio City Music Hall with his uncle as he became more and more fascinated with theatre, especially lighting and set design. He turned to books to learn everything he could on the art. In junior high school and later at Lafayette High School in Brooklyn, he joined the stage squad and did the lighting and set design for plays. In high school he was encouraged by a wonderful teacher, Florence Druss, who understood immediately his aptitude for lighting design and encouraged him to pursue it as a career and to go on to college. In his junior year, his life’s plan was mapped out for him and he was accepted to Carnegie Tech, now Carnegie Mellon University. In the year prior to his high school graduation, however, he had a horrible accident and lost one eye. He felt his great plans were in shambles now because, without depth perception, he thought it would be impossible to design lighting. However, his high school teacher and mentor came to the hospital and told him that no one would know he only had one eye and he “would still be the best lighting designer ever.” The teacher saw the course the young man needed to be on and convinced him to continue on with his plans so, with great sacrifice from his family, Fiorentino attended Carnegie Tech majoring in theatre.
After graduation, his plans to teach and design at Indiana State University the following fall were circumvented by the loss of his father. He undertook the new role as breadwinner for his family. He made the rounds at NBC, DuMont and ABC looking for immediate employment. When interviewed for a position with ABC, Fiorentino admitted he knew nothing about television lighting to which the interviewer replied, “So what? Nobody does.” Television was a new medium in 1950 and everything was a learning curve. Fiorentino recalls, “The man called back later and said, ‘I can hire you as a lighting director for television.’ I said, ‘Who's going to teach me?’ He said, ‘Nobody's going to teach you.’ I said, ‘Well, how will I know if it's right?’ He said, ‘If it looks good, remember how you did it.’ I started the next day.”
Career
ABC Lighting Designer
Fiorentino’s lighting career began during the “Golden Age” of television, when his TV credits included Omnibus, U.S. Steel Hour, The Voice of Firestone, Pulitzer Prize Playhouse, and the Bolshoi Ballet’s first televised appearance in the U.S. Broadcasts were still in black and white. There was no videotape or retakes. Everything was done “live.” Early television images required an intense amount of light in order for transmission of an image to appear on the screen and often employed banks of fluorescent lights. Coming from a theatre background, however, Fiorentino stayed away from the fluorescents and selected lighting instruments that would give a more modeled effect. Word got around quickly that his technique was artistic and directors began requesting his services. Fiorentino worked with such directors in those early years of television as Sidney Lumet, John Frankenheimer, Charles Dubin and Alex Segal. Lighting directors that worked on those early television programs invented lighting techniques as they went. For ten years Fiorentino worked as an ABC lighting designer as one of a small circle of lighting pioneers at other networks including Bob Barry and Greg Harney.
Imero Fiorentino Associates
In 1960 Immie left ABC to form Imero Fiorentino Associates (IFA.) As the television industry expanded, Fiorentino foresaw the need of independent production companies producing much of the networks' content and their need for experienced lighting designers. Before long IFA became the go-to company for freelance lighting designers. Lighting designers from various networks came to work at IFA such as Fred McKinnon, George Reisenberger, Ken Palius, Leard Davis, William Knight, William Klages, Greg Brunton, Carl Vitelli, Richard Weiss, Carl Gibson, Stig Edgren, Tony DiGirolamo, Alan Adelman, Robert Dickinson, Vince Cilurzo, Jim Tetlow, Marilyn Lowey, John Conti, Jeff Calderon, and Jeff Engle. Over time the business expanded to provide both lighting and set design, production, staging and technical supervision for television and live events; everything from Broadway productions to political conventions, educational seminars to architectural lighting consultation.
Fiorentino actively participated in the artistic as well as company management, leadership and direction and took great pride in helping to guide the many unique projects that came through their doors.
Fiorentino's creativity was evidenced by his participation as leader of the IFA team serving as design and lighting consultants for fourteen Democratic and Republican National Conventions.
He led the team that designed the environmental lighting for the World Showcase Pavilions at Walt Disney World's Epcot in Orlando, Florida; the exhibition lighting and staging of the famous Howard Hughes Flying Boat "Spruce Goose" aircraft in Long Beach, CA.; Neil Diamond international concert tours and television specials for which he received two Emmy Award nominations; he also lit the legendary industrial show extravaganza (the granddaddy of corporate theater), The Milliken Breakfast Show for 21 years.
Fiorentino was also responsible for spearheading IFA's role as designers and consultants for many large television facilities around the country. He headed the IFA team that redesigned the lighting during the 1991 renovation of Madison Square Garden and designed the WaMu Theater housed in the Garden.
Additionally, his credits include: Frank Sinatra - The Main Event, televised live from Madison Square Garden, El Cordobes: The Bullfight of the Century, transmitted live from Spain to 28 countries via satellite, the historic mass audience rock concert event, California Jam and the Broadway show, The Night That Made America Famous. He has served as consultant to every U.S. President since Dwight D. Eisenhower, and to a multitude of major political candidates in television appearances and campaigns, as well as numerous Presidential Debates. He was hired to do the television lighting the day after the first Kennedy-Nixon debate where Nixon looked awful as the bright studio lighting exaggerated his jowls and sunken eyes. He lit the first-ever pictures that were transmitted to outer space and back to Earth via “Telstar 1” in 1962. Fiorentino and William Knight were the lighting designers for the historic Barbra Streisand - A Happening in Central Park, Sept. 16, 1968.
Post-IFA
In 1996, Caribiner International acquired IFA and Imero Fiorentino joined the global communications company as Senior Vice President. Caribiner was subsequently acquired by Jack Morton Worldwide where he continued in the same capacity. During the 2000 and 2008 political conventions, Fiorentino was the overall lighting designer for the Fox News coverage. In 2002, he entered the latest phase of his career as an independent lighting and production consultant.
Family
Fiorentino was married to Carole Hamer from 1953 to 1963 and they had one daughter, Linda. He married Angela Linsell, an artist, in 1970. His daughter Linda, a minister, is married to Ken Crabbs. They have a son, Christian Imero Fiorentino Crabbs.
Death
He died in New York City on October 1, 2013.
Bibliography
At the time of his death, Fiorentino had been working on his memoir. His wife, Angela, completed it and Let There Be Light, An Illuminating Life, was published in 2017.
Associations
National Academy of Television Arts & Sciences: served on the Board of Governors of the National Academy of Television Arts & Sciences and was its Vice President from 1971 to 1975
Illuminating Engineering Society
International Tape Association
International Industrial Television Association
International Teleproduction Society
International Radio and Television Society
Awards and recognitions
2012 Wally Lifetime Achievement Award
U.S. Institute Of Theatre Technology Award
1992 Silver Circle Honoree, National Academy of Television Arts & Sciences
Art Directors Club Award
Illuminating Engineering Society:
Award Of Merit
Section Award
Award Of Excellence
Lumen Award
Carnegie Mellon University:
Merit Award
Distinguished Alumni Award
L. Blair Award Of Excellence
Emmy Award Nominations (3)
VPA Pioneer Award
USITT Distinguished Lighting Designer Award
Notes
References
Breaking into Video, Fireside (June 3, 1985) by Marjorie Costello & Cynthia Katz, pages 29, 40, 46.
External links
Archive of American Television - Video Interview with Imero Fiorentino
Q&A: Imero Fiorentino, independent Lighting Designer
Imero Fiorentino Interview - NAMM Oral History Library (2010)
1928 births
American lighting designers
Carnegie Mellon University College of Fine Arts alumni
People from Brooklyn
American people of Italian descent
2013 deaths
Carnegie Mellon University alumni
Lafayette High School (New York City) alumni |
6901059 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tampa%20Union%20Station | Tampa Union Station | Tampa Union Station (TUS) is a historic train station in Tampa, Florida. It was designed by Joseph F. Leitner and was opened on May 15, 1912, by the Tampa Union Station Company. Its original purpose was to combine passenger operations for the Atlantic Coast Line, the Seaboard Air Line and the Tampa Northern Railroad at a single site. The station is located at 601 North Nebraska Avenue (SR 45).
In 1974, as Union Railroad Station, Tampa Union Station was added to the U.S. National Register of Historic Places and in 1988 it received local landmark status from the City of Tampa. After its condition deteriorated substantially, Tampa Union Station was closed in 1984; Amtrak passengers used a temporary prefabricated station building (nicknamed an "Amshack") located adjacent to the station platforms after the building was closed.
Tampa Union Station was restored and reopened to the public in 1998. Today it operates as an Amtrak station for the Silver Star line. It also provides Amtrak Thruway Motorcoach services to Orlando, Lakeland, Pinellas Park-St. Petersburg, Bradenton, Sarasota, Port Charlotte and Fort Myers.
Presently, when the Silver Star leaves Tampa, it reverses direction and retraces its path east to Lakeland before continuing to Miami or New York. When traveling either northbound or southbound, the train uses a wye to back into the stub-ended station and departs with the train pointing away from the depot.
Design
The station was originally built with eight tracks, although only one is in regular use today (designated as "Track 3"), with adjacent Track 2 also available for use by trains as needed. Amtrak added a new, high-level platform and canopy to Track 3 to improve accessibility, which opened in November 2020. The construction of the new platform resulted in changes to track configurations at the station. Tracks 4, 5, and 6 were removed to facilitate the construction of the high-level platform, although there are plans to restore them in the future if demand warrants. Although some of the other tracks remain in place, they are out of service. Original track bumpers, constructed of poured concrete, are still located at the ends of several of the remaining tracks and at the ends of former tracks. Adjacent to each of these bumpers are concrete planters which have "TUS" cast into them.
Union Station consists of the main building which includes the waiting room, as well as an attached restaurant and baggage building. A detached express building located adjacent to the baggage building handled packages and freight transfers from trains to trucks (all structures remain on site with the exception of the express building, which was demolished in the 1970s).
At its opening, Union Station's waiting room was segregated (during the Jim Crow era, a wall across the center of the waiting room divided "white" and "colored" passengers, with separate entrances for each). Segregation remained a common practice in railroad stations in the South until it was stricken down by the Interstate Commerce Commission as a result of NAACP v. St. Louis-San Francisco Railway Company in 1955. However, like many train stations in the South, Tampa Union Station remained segregated to an extent even after the Interstate Commerce Commission's order. Passengers of intrastate trains were still bound by Jim Crow laws. During January 1956, the Tampa Times photographed signage at Union Station wherein the word "Intrastate" had been added beneath the old signage above the entrance to the so-called "colored" side of the waiting room. Full desegregation would not come until later. In fact, the Florida statute providing for segregation on railroads remained a law on the books as late as 1967, although by then the practice had fallen into disuse.
A train wash and car repair facility are also on the property. Both of these elements were added by Amtrak in the 1980s when Amtrak formerly maintained a Tampa maintenance base. However, both are largely unused today.
Ownership and management
The City of Tampa's Real Estate Division manages Tampa Union Station for the city. The Division has leased portions of the facility to private tenants, including a second floor office once occupied by the Pullman Company. Part of the former baggage building—which once housed the station's restaurant—is leased to a local real estate firm. Another portion of the baggage building (including the baggage storage and scale area) was leased to art gallery Flight 19 from 2004 to 2008, although it is currently vacant.
In September 2008, a permanent endowment for the care and upkeep of Tampa Union Station was established at the Community Foundation of Tampa Bay by a group of private donors. Income from the endowment goes to the City of Tampa to assist with the maintenance of the facility. Fundraising efforts for the endowment are on an ongoing basis.
Additionally, 2008 saw the founding of Friends of Tampa Union Station, an all volunteer, nonprofit organization which advocates for the preservation and use of Tampa Union Station as both a landmark and transportation asset. The group was founded in cooperation with the City of Tampa and the Florida Coalition of Rail Passengers.
Restoration
Tampa Union Station was acquired in 1991 by the nonprofit Tampa Union Station Preservation & Redevelopment Inc. (TUSP&R) via a mortgage held by CSX, the freight railroad company which was the corporate descendant of its original railroad owners. TUSP&R raised over US$4 million for the building's restoration through grants and loans from sources including the Florida Department of Transportation (ISTEA funds), the City of Tampa (grant funds) and the National Trust for Historic Preservation (no interest loan). At the completion of the restoration by Rowe Architects Incorporated in 1998, the station reopened to Amtrak passengers and the public. CSX donated the station to the City of Tampa that same year.
During the course of the restoration, numerous abandoned documents from the Pullman Company, Tampa Union Station Company, and the Seaboard Air Line Railroad were discovered in the station. TUSP&R volunteers sorted these documents and preserved them by archiving them at the University of South Florida Library (USF) Special Collections Department and (in the case of the Pullman Company materials), the Newberry Library in Chicago.
Tributes
The City of Tampa's official Poet Laureate, James E. Tokley, Sr., in 2009 authored a poem, "The Epic of Union Station" which commemorates Tampa Union Station's history. Mr. Tokley performed a dramatic reading of the poem at Union Station on May 9, 2009, as part of National Train Day festivities held at the station on that day.
On May 12, 2012, on the occasion of the station's Centennial celebration and National Train Day, Tampa Union Station was officially added to the National Register of Historic Railroad Landmarks by the National Railway Historical Society (NRHS). Officials of the NRHS presented a commemorative plaque to the station at the event which notes this designation.
Friends of Tampa Union Station remains active and the station continues to host a Friends group-organized Train Day event in May of each year.
Connections
Amtrak Thruway Motorcoach
Hillsborough Area Regional Transit; #2, #9, & #12.
See also
Transportation in Florida
Bibliography
McQuigg, Jackson. Tampa Union Station. Dover, NH: Arcadia Publishing, 1998.
Hillsborough County listings at National Register of Historic Places
Florida's Office of Cultural and Historical Programs
Hillsborough County listings
Hillsborough County markers
References
External links
Friends of Tampa Union Station
Tampa Union Station (USA RailGuide -- TrainWeb)
Tampa Union Station on The Historical Markers Database
TampaGov: Tampa Union Station
Tampa Union Station Records at the University of South Florida
Tampa Union Station at the Great American Stations Project
Tampa
Tampa
Railway stations in the United States opened in 1912
Tampa
Transportation in Tampa, Florida
Tampa
Amtrak Thruway Motorcoach stations in Florida
History of Tampa, Florida
Railway stations on the National Register of Historic Places in Florida
Union Station
1912 establishments in Florida
Transportation buildings and structures in Hillsborough County, Florida |
23575929 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nick%20Palatas | Nick Palatas | Nicholas Edward Palatas (born January 22, 1988) is an American actor. Palatas has appeared in short films including The Erogenous Zone, Love, and Air We Breathe and has been in several ads. In 2009, he played Norville "Shaggy" Rogers in the film Scooby-Doo! The Mystery Begins and reprised the role in Scooby-Doo! Curse of the Lake Monster which aired in October 2010. A newcomer to the Scooby-Doo series, Palatas took over for Matthew Lillard. Palatas is of Slovakian, English and German descent.
Personal life
Palatas married his wife Marissa Denig in 2012. Denig filled for divorce from Palatas in 2017; the divorce was finalized in 2019.
Filmography
References
External links
1988 births
21st-century American male actors
American male film actors
American male television actors
Living people
Male actors from Maryland
People from Bethesda, Maryland
American male voice actors |
20468496 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William%20E.%20Coles%20Jr. | William E. Coles Jr. | William E. Coles Jr. (1932–2005) was an American novelist and professor.
Born in Summit, New Jersey, Coles earned degrees from Lehigh University, the University of Connecticut, the University of Minnesota. From 1974 to 1998 he served as a professor and director of composition at the University of Pittsburgh.
Coles died on March 21, 2005. He was survived by his wife, Janet Kafka.
Books
The Plural I, novel (1978).
Funnybone, novel (New York: Atheneum Books, 1992).
Another Kind of Monday, novel (New York: Atheneum Books, 1996).
Compass in the Blood, novel (New York: Atheneum Books, 2001).
References
Sources
Contemporary Authors Online. The Gale Group, 2006.
Matthew Lavelle (2007). Pennsylvania Center for the Book: Profile of William E. Coles, Jr.. Retrieved November 29, 2008.
Storlie, Erik F. Go Deep & Take Plenty of Root: A Prairie-Norwegian Father, Rebellion in Minneapolis, Basement Zen, Growing Up, Growing Tender. Recollections of W.E. Coles, Chapters 6-7. Createspace 2013.
1932 births
2005 deaths
Writers from Pittsburgh
University of Connecticut alumni
Lehigh University alumni
University of Minnesota alumni
University of Pittsburgh faculty
American male novelists
20th-century American novelists
20th-century American male writers
Novelists from Pennsylvania
People from Summit, New Jersey |
23575932 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%BDitovlice | Žitovlice | Žitovlice is a municipality and village in Nymburk District in the Central Bohemian Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 200 inhabitants.
Administrative parts
The village of Pojedy is an administrative part of Žitovlice.
References
Villages in Nymburk District |
20468500 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vatsa%20Bay | Vatsa Bay | Vatsa Bay (Vazza) is a bay on the southern tip of Paliki peninsula of Kefalonia, Greece. The area lies far from the main towns and villages in Kefalonia and preserves a rural charm for visitors. There is no public transport, and as a result access has to be by car.
History
The bay of Vatsa was settled in Roman times. A mosaic with a trident and dolphins from a Roman villa is displayed at the Archeological Museum of Kefalonia. The Venetian used the bay as a shipyard.
Geography and economy
The area has few buildings. There are light agricultural activities, including covered growing houses. Fishing from small boats operates in the locality.
There is a tourist beach area.
The beach is approximately six metres wide and composed of red/yellow soft sand in which are embedded scattered pebbles.
A small river reaches the sea at this point on the coast (one of the two on Kepfalonia) and can be crossed by a chain-anchored boat.
Amenities
The beach has a taverna (Spiaggia Taverna) immediately on the shore adjacent to the river. The Taverna has a thatched roof and the floor is of beach sand. Boats can be hired for fishing or exploring the coves and hidden beaches of the area.
There are some local apartments that can be rented as tourist accommodation.
A small chapel dedicated to Saint Nikolaos (open to visitors) is located nearby. This site is also the location of a previous ancient Temple remains.
References
External links
Vatsa Club
Rooms for rent
Beaches of Greece
Bays of Greece
Tourist attractions in the Ionian Islands (region)
Landforms of Cephalonia
Landforms of the Ionian Islands (region) |
23575939 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nate%20Erdmann | Nate Erdmann | Nathan Lewis Erdmann (born November 21, 1973) is an American former professional basketball player.
After graduating from Portales High School at Portales, New Mexico in 1993, Erdmann played college basketball at Washington State University, Hutchinson Community College, and the University of Oklahoma. He was selected by the Utah Jazz with the 56th pick in the 1997 NBA Draft as a shooting guard. Erdmann was cut by the Jazz in the Summer League, having not played in a single regular-season game.
Professional career
Erdmann signed with the Idaho Stampede of the Continental Basketball Association in 1997.
He played with the Alerta Cantabria of the Spanish Liga ACB in the 2004–2005 season and for one month in the following season with the Polish team BC Anwil. In December 2005, Erdmann returned to Cantabria. Nate ended up playing in Euro leagues for 8+ years with stops in Italy (1998–2000 Pallacanestro Biella; 2000 – 2001 De Vizia Avellino; 2001–2003 Pallacanestro Trieste), France (2003–2004 Elan Bearmais Pau-Othez), Spain (2004–2006 Alerta Cantabria), and Poland (2006–2007 Stal Ostrow Wielkopolski).
References
External links
USA Today article summarizing 1997 NBA Draft shooting guard prospects
Italian league stats for Erdmann
1973 births
Living people
American expatriate basketball people in France
American expatriate basketball people in Italy
American expatriate basketball people in Poland
American expatriate basketball people in Spain
American men's basketball players
Basketball players from Iowa
Cantabria Baloncesto players
Élan Béarnais players
Hutchinson Blue Dragons men's basketball players
Idaho Stampede (CBA) players
KK Włocławek players
Oklahoma Sooners men's basketball players
Pallacanestro Biella players
Pallacanestro Trieste players
S.S. Felice Scandone players
Shooting guards
Sportspeople from Fort Dodge, Iowa
Stal Ostrów Wielkopolski players
Utah Jazz draft picks
Washington State Cougars men's basketball players |
20468514 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USS%20Kamishak%20%28AVP-44%29 | USS Kamishak (AVP-44) | USS Kamishak (AVP-44) was a proposed United States Navy seaplane tender that was never laid down.
Construction and commissioning
Kamishak was to have been one of 41 Barnegat-class small seaplane tenders the U.S. Navy planned to commission during the early 1940s, and was to have been built at Houghton, Washington, by the Lake Washington Shipyard. However, by the spring of 1943 the Navy deemed that number of seaplane tenders excess to requirements, and decided to complete four of them as motor torpedo boat tenders and one as a catapult training ship. In addition, the Navy also decided to cancel six of the Barnegat-class ships prior to their construction, freeing up the diesel engines that would have powered them for use in escort vessels and amphibious landing craft.
Kamishak became one of the first four ships to be cancelled when the Navy cancelled its contract with Lake Washington Shipyard for her construction on 22 April 1943.
References
NavSource Online: Service Ship Photo Archive Small Seaplane Tender (AVP) Index
Cancelled ships of the United States Navy
Barnegat-class seaplane tenders
Ships built at Lake Washington Shipyard |
20468549 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kamishak%20Bay | Kamishak Bay | Kamishak Bay (Alutiiq: Qameksaq) is a bay on the coast of Alaska in the United States.
The proposed United States Navy seaplane tender USS Kamishak (AVP-44) was named for Kamishak Bay, but the contract for the ship's construction was cancelled in 1943 before construction began.
References
(ship namesake paragraph)
Bays of Alaska
Bodies of water of Kenai Peninsula Borough, Alaska |
23575954 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karlovac%20Feri%C4%8Dana%C4%8Dki | Karlovac Feričanački | Karlovac Feričanački is a village in north-eastern Slavonia, situated in municipality town of Orahovica, Virovitica-Podravina County, Croatia.
Population and Demographics
References
CD-rom: "Naselja i stanovništvo RH od 1857-2001. godine", Izdanje Državnog zavoda za statistiku Republike Hrvatske, Zagreb, 2005.
Populated places in Virovitica-Podravina County |
23575963 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anwain | Anwain | Anwain or Anwain Clan is a geographic area in Nigeria and also the people who live in it. Anwain Clan is one of the thirteen clans in Etsakọ land. The geographic area of Anwain is situated in the southern part of Etsakọ West, a local government area of Edo State. It is ward eight among the twelve wards of the Etsakọ local government area. Within Etsakọ West, Anwain is bounded by Ayuele, South Uneme, South Ibie, Ekperi, and Jagbe Clans. It also has boundaries with the clans Uzea and Afuda in the local government areas of Esan-North-East and Esan North Central respectively.
Culture
Predominant religions are Christianity, traditional religions, and Islam. The Anwain people speak Esan (Ishan) language, with a dialect influenced by the Etsakọ language.
The Anwain people perform several traditional dances. They are among the clan that within Esan that performs the Egbabonalimhiin dance. Egbabonalimhiin was devised by hunters in about 1400 CE; it is performed only by initiated males. Other traditional dances include: Ilegheze, performed by AKHOBA title holders of Eware during the Ukpe festival; IKOIGO, performed by women during special ceremonies such as burial of women title holders or marriages; Abayion (Asono); and Agbe.
Economy
Most Anwain people are farmers who practice shifting cultivation. Common crops include yam, cassava, rice, corn, groundnut, cashew, beans, pepper, tomatoes, and plantains. Rice marketed under the trade name Ekpoma is produced in the Anwain region. Bamboo grows wild in this region and is sometimes harvested for commercial sale. There are some small businesses that sell household goods to the local people. Both agricultural and commercial trade is severely restricted by the poor condition of local roads.
Infrastructure
Idegun is the premier village of Anwain. Its other villages are Idegun, Amah, Ibhioba, Uzokin, Ovughu, Otteh, and Eware. All these villages are in close proximity of an average of four kilometers. The villages are linked by seasonal motorable (untarred) roads which are under the supervision of the local government council. The nearest accessible trunk "A" (Benin-Agbede-Auchi-Abuja road) is eighteen kilometers away.
The clan has only one secondary school. The community is virtually running the school with the engagement of auxiliary teachers, and provision of teaching aids from textbooks to chalks. Each of the villages has a maximum of four teachers.
There is only one health clinic with a midwife and an assistant in the clan.
The only water supply in the clan is streams and a few private wells. The Olen river transverses most of the villages; because of this, it is referred to as a "river of unity".
Footnotes
Ethnic groups in Nigeria
Edo State |
20468559 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dublab | Dublab | dublab is a non-profit music public broadcasting internet radio station based in Los Angeles. They have also been involved with art exhibition, film projects, event production, and record releases. These Shows are archived and downloadable on the dublab website. dublab also broadcasts on KLDB-LP on 99.1 FM in Los Angeles.
Their name is a portmanteau of dubbing and laboratory for the combined meaning: a place of experimenting with sampling music. Examples of this, besides their stream, is their film production Secondhand Sureshots where they gave producers, such as Daedelus, five dollars to buy albums from thrift stores and sampling the music to create new tracks. Another in audio/visual form is Into Infinity a collaboration with Creative Commons. It is a group art exhibition of around a hundred vinyl record sized circular artworks and more than a hundred eight second audio loops. The works are randomly dubbed together and is all made freely available for others to remix and sample, even on the project's website.
In January 2008, dublab formed a non-profit umbrella corporation Future Roots, Inc. The name comes from their characteristic style of mixing traditional music, such as folk, with electronic sounds. It also refers to the paradox that often music that is actually really old can sound very much like it was made in the present. In that theme, dublab will often only be written as either all lowercase or all uppercase by those familiar with the collective. There are other such characteristic writing styles such as a heavy use of alliteration.
Much of dublab's funding comes directly via listener support, with other funds generated through grants, Underwriting spots and event production. Their sound system and DJs have been featured at; MOCA, LACMA, Art Center College of Design, Barnsdall Art Park, CalArts, Page Museum/La Brea Tar Pits, The Getty Center, Disney Hall, UCLA, Hammer Museum, Hollywood Bowl, and El Rey Theatre.
They also have extended to releasing records such as; In The Loop series, Summer, Freeways, Echo Expansion and Light from Los Angeles. They record many Sprout Sessions at their studio in Los Angeles, which are released via their Live at dublab Podcast. These have made their way to record releases such as the Feathers Sprout Session. In August 2008 they released their performance video project called Vision Version, which is available as an RSS feed. They also have music-themed group art shows such as Into Infinity, Dream Scene, Up Our Sleeve, and Patchwork.
dublab was founded in 1999 by Jonathan Buck, Mark McNeill and fellow students from KSCR Radio at the University of Southern California.
Resident DJs
Ale (Languis/Pharaohs)
Andres Renteria (Poo-bah)
Anenon (Non Projects)
Anthony Valadez (Record Breakin/KCRW)
Beatie Wolfe
Carlos Niño (Ammoncontact/Life Force Trio)
Cooper Saver
Daedelus
Danny Holloway (Ximeno Records/Blazing 45s)
Derelict
EDJ
Farmer Dave Scher (All Night Radio/Beachwood Sparks)
Friends of Friends
Frosty (Adventure Time/Golden Hits)
Ganas (Mas Exitos)
Greg Belson (Divine Chord Gospel Show/45's of Fury)
Hashim B (Disques Corde)
Heidi Lawden
Hoseh (Headspace KXLU)
Induce (Induce's Listening)
Jake Jenkins
Jeff Weiss [POW Radio]
Jen Ferrer
Jimmy Tamborello (Dntel)
Katie Byron (Golden Hits)
Kutmah (Poo-Bah)
Lovefingers (ESP Institute)
Low Limit (Icee Hot)
Lucky Dragons
Mahssa (Finders Keepers)
Mamabear (Sweaterfunk)
Marco Paul
Maria Minerva
Marion Hodges (Hungry Beat/KCRW)
Matthewdavid (Leaving Records/Brainfeeder)
Michael Stock (Part Time Punks)
Morpho (The Masses)
Nanny Cantaloupe (Golden Hits/KXLU)
Nobody (Blank Blue/Low End Theory)
Ras G (Poo-Bah)
Rani de Leon (Soul in the Park, Radio Afrique)
Slow Motion DJs
Sodapop (Anticon)
Suzanne Kraft (Discothèque Records)
Take (Innercurrent)
Teebs (My Hollow Drum)
T-Kay (KSPC)
Tommy DeNys (Kraak)
Turquoise Wisdom (Biggest Crush)
Notable guests, artists, and DJs
Daedelus
Flying Lotus
Holy Fuck
Mia Doi Todd
Danny Holloway
Lucky Dragons
Dntel
DJ Z-Trip
Smaze
Kozyndan
Andy Votel
Figurine
Why?
Stevie Jackson
Animal Collective
Ariel Pink
Baby Dee
Busdriver
Cluster
Cut Chemist
Dan Deacon
Robert Woodrow Wilson
Allee Willis
J Rocc
Keith Fullerton Whitman
Kyp Malone (TV on the Radio)
Nobukazu Takemura
Smegma
Tom Brosseau
Terry Callier
Thomas Fehlmann
Devendra Banhart
Morton Subotnick
Marshall Allen
Damo Suzuki
Matmos
Four Tet
Mouse On Mars
Dungen
Saul Williams
Peter Hammarstedt
Erlend Øye
The One AM Radio
Lavender Diamond
Manuel Göttsching
Trickfinger (John Frusciante)
V. Vale
Dustin Wong
References
External links
Dublab official site
audio stream
Into Infinity online exhibition
Up Our Sleeve - Covers Art Project
Turning On Tomorrow: Dublab's Proton Drive Fundraiser
DUBLAB'S SECONDHAND SURESHOTS: DVD, 12-INCH, SLIPMATS & HAND-SCREENED SLEEVES
core programs: futureroots.org
Internet radio stations in the United States
American music websites |
20468582 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kamishak | Kamishak | Kamishak may refer to:
Places
Kamishak Bay on the coast of Alaska in the United States
Ships
USS Kamishak (AVP-44), a proposed United States Navy seaplane tender cancelled in 1943 before construction began |
23575978 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Channel%20drift | Channel drift | Channel drift or network decay is the gradual shift of a television network away from its original programming, to either target a newer and more profitable audience, or to broaden its viewership by including less niche programming. Often, this results in a shift from informative or artistic quality programming aimed at cultured and educated viewers toward sensational, ratings-based or reality-formatted programming designed solely for the entertainment of a mass audience. Channel drift frequently features the incorporation of infotainment, reality television and heavy advertising into the channel's lineup.
Overview
United States
Cable
Networks primarily focused on a particular topic, such as History Channel, tend to add shows that the channel's management feel that a larger audience wants to see, thus leading to additional profits. By producing irrelevant or low-quality programming they can increase their ratings to a target audience, increase viewership and increase revenues. The degree of channel drift can vary: some of the nonconforming programming may retain some degree of association with the channel's original purpose (such as in the case of the History Channel, Pawn Stars, American Pickers, and Top Shot), while other programming may have no association whatsoever (such as Ax Men and Ice Road Truckers).
Channel drift can also result from the acquisition of sports rights or reruns of popular television series that would otherwise not fit the channel's format; Outdoor Life Network, for instance, acquired the rights to the National Hockey League in 2005, so the network began transitioning toward a general sports network known today as NBCSN. Conversely, WGN America abandoned its expensive sports packages in 2014 as part of its drift from a Chicago-centric superstation into a nationally oriented general entertainment channel; WGN America eventually started a gradual transition away from entertainment programming, structured as such due to contractual commitments to existing syndicated programming, to adopt a cable news format as NewsNation in March 2021.
A channel may rebrand itself to more accurately reflect its new content. Sci-Fi Channel changed its name to Syfy for both trademark reasons and to allow a stretching of the network's definition of appropriate programming to include content such as Law & Order: Special Victims Unit reruns and WWE professional wrestling. (WWE moved to USA Network in 2016.) Another example is the conversion of Court TV to truTV, which allowed it to show more reality-based programming (though initially retaining a law enforcement focus, such as repeats of World's Wildest Police Videos) and slowly phase out their advertiser-repelling legal system and courtroom programming. This process ended in October 2009 when the remaining courtroom analysis programs transitioned to CNN.com's legal news section and occasional court coverage from CNN Center on the mainline channel. TruTV then aired competitions, hidden camera prank shows, and even the first three rounds of the NCAA Division I men's basketball tournament. TruTV was further reformatted to a more conventional reality network with a strong emphasis on comedy on 27 October 2014, and then to comedy programming full-time in 2016 with the addition of scripted programming. Court TV would be revived as a digital subchannel network in 2019. Other examples include the drifting of The Learning Channel, which has officially renamed itself under the three-letter orphan initialism "TLC" since its transition to primarily reality television series, and that of most of the MTV Networks.
MTV Networks were a pioneer in channel drift. Music Television (as MTV was originally known) was originally a channel devoted to popular music videos upon its launch in August 1981, but began adding entertainment and reality programs geared toward a young adult audience in the 1990s, beginning a progression toward its current focus of reality and scripted programming. The music videos on the main channel were eventually limited to overnight and morning time periods, and were eventually pushed to spinoff networks MTV2, then to MTV Hits. MTV2 itself would gradually drift from an all-music video format to include reruns of MTV programs, original series, and acquired off-network sitcoms; MTV Hits would later be discontinued in favor of NickMusic.
Video Hits One likewise began as an outlet for adult contemporary music before transitioning to an urban pop culture channel as VH1; Country Music Television drifted to southern culture and general rerun programming as CMT; and The Nashville Network, perhaps the most dramatic, drifted to general entertainment format as The National Network and then to a heavily male-oriented program lineup known as Spike, only to drift back toward general entertainment in 2015 and become the Paramount Network in 2018, which is slated to become Paramount Movie Network in 2021.
While Nickelodeon has largely remained a children's-oriented channel throughout its history, its late-night Nick at Nite programming block (which for Nielsen ratings purposes is a separate channel from Nickelodeon) has drifted greatly from airing classic television (first from the Golden Age of Television, later expanding to shows from the 1960s and 1970s), to more recent shows still airing in local syndication, to its current focus on adolescent and young adult audiences similar to that of ABC Family (now Freeform). Nick at Nite launched TV Land as a spin-off channel due to its increased focus on more recent programming (as well as the elimination of non-sitcom programming on Nick at Nite), only for TV Land itself to eventually shift to more recent programming and even original programming. In recent years, networks such as Cozi TV and MeTV have emerged to fill this gap with their programming being primarily 1950s–1960s television shows; even those networks have left older content to early hours in their broadcast day for more recent content. Retro Television Network is the most prominent network still focused on 1950s and 1960s television shows.
Nickelodeon's cable channel Nicktoons is another example of channel drift, though in that channel's particular case, it has never had a particularly strong focus on anything other than being an overflow channel for Nickelodeon. In 2014, Nicktoons added sports content to its lineup to little viewer interest, but the block continues as three of the programs (NFL Rush Zone, WWE Slam City and Wild Grinders) were produced by sports leagues or to promote Viacom personalities on other networks (for Wild Grinders, MTV host Rob Dyrdek). Recently, Nicktoons' schedule has begun to feature live-action sitcoms on a cyclical basis, depending on the current output and success of Nickelodeon's animated series.
Channel drift can also result from a network's owner purchasing a competing channel and drifting one or both channels' formats to avoid overlapping. The aforementioned TNN was one example of this, as its Southern culture programming overlapped extensively with CMT's. ABC Family was also an example as The Walt Disney Company's 2001 purchase of the channel from News Corporation dramatically reduced its carriage of children's programming in order to avoid redundancy with Disney Channel. Destination America, a channel prone to frequent format changes over the course of its history, began as a network targeting rural middle America; parent company Discovery Communications' purchase of the former Scripps cable networks brought it under the same corporate umbrella as Great American Country, and thus Destination America began adding professional wrestling (briefly) and paranormal ghost-hunting programs to its schedule. Both GAC and Destination America were candidates to be reformatted entirely in 2019 to make way for the Magnolia Network, which is now expected to replace DIY Network when it launches in 2021.
Another case of channel drift is HLN, which started as CNN2. Its format originally consisted of rolling half-hour newscasts that were updated periodically throughout the day; one year after its launch, the channel changed its name to CNN Headline News to better reflect the rolling news format. By 2005, its programming began to include hour-long specialty and discussion-based news programs similar to those found on the main CNN channel (such as Showbiz Tonight, Nancy Grace and Issues with Jane Velez-Mitchell) and by 2013, it had ceased its scaled back rolling news coverage further – relegating it to morning and early afternoon timeslots – and shifted toward crime mysteries and docudramas, showing programs such as Forensic Files.
Broadcast
One of the earliest examples of channel drift, and one that predates modern cable television, was programming changes by CBS. During the late 1960s, CBS had a reputation as a network with a disproportionate number of shows that targeted rural and older viewers, seen by advertisers as undesirable due to ingrained buying habits on the one hand and a greater perception of poverty on the other. Beginning in 1970, incoming network vice president Fred Silverman orchestrated the "rural purge," in which these shows would be canceled in favor of shows targeting younger, suburban viewers with more disposable income.
Another example of channel drift is the case of the Fox Broadcasting Company. Throughout its early existence, and even after its ascent to major network status, Fox had a reputation for lowbrow, alternative programming and knockoffs of other networks' hit shows, both aimed at a very young demographic. Beginning with the major success of American Idol in the early 2000s, Fox drifted away somewhat from this reputation; its dramas and sitcoms became more conventional, on the level of the historic Big Three television networks, and it put less emphasis on reality programs later that decade.
One less obvious, but nonetheless true, example of the phenomenon has occurred since the 1980s in American public television. From the origins of the medium in the late 1950s, stations, who were then affiliated with National Educational Television, the precursor to the current PBS, served two specific audiences: first, they provided, on weekdays, instructional programming for children used in school classrooms, to supplement traditional curricula; second, they served adults (on evenings and weekends) by scheduling shows that were alternatives to the fare available on commercial broadcasting, such as theatrical plays, classical music concerts, literary dramas, and serious public affairs initiatives like investigative reporting and civil discussion of political matters, things that had been mostly abandoned by the commercial networks with the end of the Golden Age of Television in and around 1960. Beginning with the Public Broadcasting Act of 1967, the Federal government, along with those of most U.S. states, invested in production and distribution of such programming via NET/PBS and the construction of a large number of new stations. The political climate of the time was decidedly liberal and thus supportive of generous governmental funding of the medium, which developed its institutions accordingly.
However, the 1970s saw a political turn rightward, increasingly suspicious of Federal programs especially, and originally-anticipated steady increases in public taxpayer support did not materialize, leaving the new PBS and its stations with significant monetary gaps that had to be filled by other sources. "Pledge drives," at least an annual occurrence on stations, emerged in the mid-1970s to address cutbacks from the Corporation for Public Broadcasting that occurred due to political changes and the economic recessions of that period; members of the general public would donate money to the station in exchange for certain privileges. Also, stations and program producers began to cultivate so-called "underwriting" (a modified form of advertising that did not interrupt shows in progress) from businesses, particularly large corporations who were then motivated by a sense of noblesse oblige to their communities and the country at large (in later years, these grants would become more targeted toward certain genres, raising suspicions by critics that they constituted de facto commercial advertising). This generated another large source of revenue. Some stations went so far as to stage week-long "auctions" of merchandise or services donated by retailers and other businesses, to which viewers would place "bids," from which the winner would receive the item or service in exchange for a donation to the station; these were quite successful in many markets from the 1970s through the 2000s.
In order to attract audiences who would donate to stations, which, in turn, purchased programming from other stations and producers in the PBS system, program managers felt increasingly that it was necessary to reduce the proportion of cultural and informational shows on the adult schedule, in order to appeal to a wider audience than a small, highly educated cohort. This especially became the case during pledge drives, which were imagined to be times when non-regular viewers could be appealed to with special programming. With the aging (and eventual death) of audiences who were the most enthusiastic for more serious (and heretofore customary) fare, it was felt that younger viewers with more disposable income would be more interested in programs akin to those they were accustomed to on commercial television rather than formats such as classical dramas (a number of them imports from the British Broadcasting Corporation) and documentaries on sometimes arcane subjects. This led to the introduction of things like lifestyle-oriented shows featuring hobbies like gardening, cooking, and home repair; specialty or niche informational programs like the Nightly Business Report and The Charlie Rose Show; reruns of certain former commercial TV shows (e.g., The Lawrence Welk Show, National Geographic specials); and British-import situation comedies (a la Are You Being Served?, Monty Python's Flying Circus). This amounted to exchanging what is termed as "high-brow" material for a more "middle-brow" approach to programming, while avoiding conspicuously mass-appeal formats such as adult-oriented game shows, action-oriented crime dramas, sensationalistic news magazines, and celebrity-driven talk shows. By the 1990s and 2000s, pledge drives became mainly reliant on fare such as TJ Lubinsky's nostalgic music specials (which themselves focus on oldies and adult standards music largely abandoned by commercial outlets) and self-help seminars of often questionable integrity (the latter were in fact not officially sanctioned by PBS and even rebuked by the network's ombudsman). Despite the stated aims to appeal to a non-elderly audience, PBS could not keep up, it seemed to many, with rapid developments in cable television, which began offering alternatives to viewers that were generally more sensationalistic and visually compelling than the staid, restrained traditions of the public medium. Some of those new networks in fact began aping the "how-to" and lifestyle formats that originally became popular via PBS (e.g., HGTV, Food Network). That competition, in turn, began to influence programmers to even further diminish or outright remove any shows considered "stuffy" or slow-paced, which eliminated several long-running staples of the network (e.g., Firing Line [original version], Wall Street Week).
At about the same time, development in technologies such as video cassette recorders enabled schoolteachers to bypass the need to schedule their classes around broadcasts of instructional material; typically, either school support staff would record the shows or teachers would do so themselves by using their VCRs' overnight silent-record function (some stations accommodated the latter practice by using what would otherwise be "dead air" time). Some PBS stations, in fact, took advantage of the changes to directly provide educational programs to schools without using airtime at all, something that accelerated with the emergence of video on demand via the internet in the 2000s. That created a void in the daytime hours that PBS executives decided to fill with a new generation of children's programming, aimed at preschoolers. To supplement beloved historic programs such as Sesame Street and Reading Rainbow, the network and leading stations developed several animated series with an educational and/or ethical emphasis. Part of that was also occasioned by the fact that commercial stations and networks were canceling children's cartoons, many of which were considered of dubious quality in any case, due to changing viewing habits and the FCC mandate, imposed in 1996, that required broadcast stations (of any kind) to include at least three hours per week of informational and educational programs for young people.
Therefore, with the original mission of public television having drastically changed in both its dimensions since its 1950s origins due to technological, political, and cultural shifts, channel drift became quite endemic to PBS and its affiliates. As such, this occurrence has left voids for adult viewers that have been filled mainly by two sources. First, the main fine arts source for television is the cable-and-satellite-distributed Classic Arts Showcase, which is funded entirely by an endowment from the estate of its founder and is not dependent whatsoever on private donations or government funding, unlike the PBS system. Second, serious, civil public affairs programming is frequently found on the C-SPAN networks, non-profit public services provided by cable companies and paid for by a portion of each customer's monthly bill. This supplements PBS news programming such as the PBS Newshour and Washington Week, two of the remaining public affairs programs on the national schedule.
Counterexamples
Channel drift is not always successful, and can often lead to backlash. The Weather Channel (TWC), for instance, faced criticism for its attempts to add entertainment programming to its schedule (which had historically focused primarily on weather news and information), culminating in the controversial introduction of a Friday-night movie block featuring films with some relation to weather as a plot point (such as The Perfect Storm). Citing the network's carriage fees and drift towards entertainment content, Dish Network dropped TWC and replaced it with WeatherNation's The Weather Cast on 21 May 2010, only to reach a deal to carry TWC again three days later. In January 2014, TWC faced a similar carriage dispute with DirecTV, who dropped the channel by citing its carriage fees, and complaints from viewers over the amount of reality programming it had carried. DirecTV added a competing channel, WeatherNation TV, as an alternative. TWC reached a new carriage agreement with DirecTV on 8 April 2014, with the network agreeing to reduce the amount of reality programming it carries on weekdays.
The former Family Channel is one of the few known instances in which the amount of channel drift allowed was limited to some degree. Launching as religious network CBN Satellite Service (a cable extension of televangelist Pat Robertson's Christian Broadcasting Network) in 1977, it later incorporated family-oriented secular programs by 1984, which became the channel's dominant form of programming for nearly two decades. In 1990, CBN agreed to sell the network to International Family Entertainment, but with strings attached: it is required to air CBN's flagship program The 700 Club twice each weekday as well as a day-long CBN telethon each January in perpetuity as part of a long-term time-buy. Following its sale to News Corporation, CBN made another long-term time-buy on the station to air a daily half-hour CBN talk show, then known as Living the Life, to the lineup. After The Walt Disney Company acquired the channel from News Corporation in 2001, Disney planned to reformat the channel as "XYZ" (a reverse reference to the American Broadcasting Company's abbreviation) and shift its target to a more hip audience such as college students or young women; possibly to avoid redundancies with the existing family-friendly Disney Channel. To create XYZ, Fox Family would have had to cease to exist — Disney would have had to create XYZ as an entirely new network, and negotiate carriage agreements with pay television providers from scratch (something that, in modern times, is fairly common, but would have been much more disruptive to one of the most widely distributed channels on cable). Nonetheless, under the ABC Family brand, the channel drifted from its strictly family-friendly format under Disney ownership; the channel gradually dropped series aimed at children from its schedule and incorporated programs aimed at young adults featuring profanity, some violence, and some sexual content, alongside its family-oriented series and films, and now airs a standard disclaimer before each broadcast of The 700 Club in which The Walt Disney Company disowns any connection to the show. Disney further denied the "Family" stipulation existed in late 2015 when it announced plans to rename the channel "Freeform" in January 2016. In February 2009, Disney XD was originally launched as a boy-oriented TV channel, with the parent channel's shows aimed mostly at girls aged 13 – 16. Four years later, after the network was found to have a surprisingly high female audience, Disney XD added some programs with female protagonists, such as Kim Possible and Star vs. the Forces of Evil, while maintaining a mostly action-driven format.
In more recent years, networks have started abandoning the idea of channel drift as some of the channels experienced poor results. AMC (originally an outlet for "American Movie Classics") drifted successfully into premium scripted dramas in the late 2000s, such as Mad Men, The Walking Dead and Breaking Bad. However, a further drift into unscripted shows such as 4th and Loud (a docuseries focusing on an Arena Football League team owned by members of the rock band Kiss) and Game of Arms (a reality series following competitive arm wrestlers) were mostly unsuccessful, prompting the network to cancel all but two of the shows (Comic Book Men, a docuseries following a comic book store owned by filmmaker Kevin Smith, and the Walking Dead-related talk show Talking Dead) in favor of focusing more on its core scripted slate.
In the early-2010s, USA Network—which built a niche for lighthearted comedy-dramas through the 2000s—attempted to augment them with original sitcoms (such as Benched and Sirens) to build upon its acquisition of off-network reruns of Modern Family. USA mostly backed away from that approach by 2014, as it prepared a shift away from its previous "blue sky" direction for its drama slate.
Outside the United States
In some countries, cable television channels are subject to the rules and regulations set forth by each country's communications bureau and must be licensed accordingly.
Canada
In Canada, specialty television channels were initially subject to conditions of license requiring them to operate within quotas of specific categories of programs. This system was designed primarily to ensure the integrity of channels that were licensed with the expectation of a specific format, and to prevent undue competition with established channels–a practice referred to as the "genre protection" rules.
For example, the presence of MuchMusic as an established music channel in Canada led to applications of these rules impacting the later launch of MTV-branded channels in Canada; Craig Media's MTV Canada was licensed as a channel featuring entertainment and informal education programming targeting youth and young adults, and could not devote more than 10% of its weekly programming to "music video clips" in order to protect MuchMusic. However, following complaints by its owner CHUM Limited (who also accused Craig of having used the pretense of a youth-based service to contravene the genre protection rule by, ultimately, offering a music-based service), the CRTC ruled that MTV Canada violated this quota due to music video content contained within programs such as Making the Video and MTV Select—even though the program categories distinguish music-related programs and music videos. Contrarily, sister channel MTV2 Canada was able to devote its lineup to music video programming, as it was licensed as part of "Music 5"—a specialty service consisting of channels devoted to specific genres of music.
A second incarnation of MTV Canada launched by CTVglobemedia in 2005 was also restricted in its airing of music content, but this time as the result of drift from its original format as TalkTV.
Outside of North America
The South African Broadcasting Corporation originally had its 3 main channels dedicated to specific ethnic groups and their home languages. SABC 1 primarily broadcasts shows that target the Bantu-speakers, while SABC 2 focused on Afrikaans programming and SABC 3 aimed at the English-speaking South Africans. Anti-apartheid propaganda and prejudice against Afrikaners caused SABC2's Afrikaans programming to be gradually replaced with English despite its high viewership. The lack of Afrikaans programming, along with the launch of DStv's rival Afrikaans-channel KykNET, caused the once-popular SABC2's viewership to decline. The SABC has been met with strong criticism over its treatment of Afrikaans programming on SABC2.
In September 2020, GMA News TV began its gradual transition from its original news format to general entertainment and sports, since the acquisition of rights to NCAA and additional entertainment programs due to the increase of its commercial load. This changes was targeted by mounting viewers' criticism where entertainment programs should be pre-emptied for the news coverage, notably when the Philippines was hit by Typhoon Goni (Rolly) which later re-branded as GTV in February 2021.
Radio format drift
To a certain extent, channel drift can also occur in radio, especially music radio: see, for instance, the transition from oldies to classic hits, beautiful music to smooth jazz, and MOR to adult contemporary. In these cases, channel drift occurs when a format's older music becomes less popular or profitable (often due to the fans of that music dying, retiring, and leaving the area, or aging out of advertising demographics) and newer music is inserted into the playlist to draw younger listeners.
See also
Key demographic
References
Further reading
External links
Top 5 Networks That Have Sold Their Souls
Demographic Downfall: Television Executives Missing the Point
Television terminology
Cable television
Change |
23575984 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neil%20Rollinson | Neil Rollinson | Neil Rollinson (born 1960 West Yorkshire) is a British poet.
Life
He has published four collections of poetry, all Poetry Book Society Recommendations (Jonathan Cape UK). His last collection Talking Dead was shortlisted for the Costa Poetry Award. He has published several pamphlets, the last of which, also titled Talking Dead was shotlisted for the Michael Marks award. He was writer in residence at Wordworth’s Dove Cottage for two years and has since been teaching creative writing at Bath Spa University.
He was 2007 writer-in-residence at Manchester's Centre For New Writing.
He tutors occasionally at the Arvon Centre. and works regularly with mentees on poetry projects.
Awards
1997 First Prize, UK National Poetry Competition
Royal Literary Fund Fellow
2005 Cholmondeley Award
2015 Shortlist: Costa Poetry Prize.
Works
"Constellations"; "Entropy", Nox Oculis
"The Ecstasy of St Saviours Avenue"
chapbook
References
External links
"Author's website"
"Interview: Neil Rollinson", Pomegranate, Issue 5
1960 births
Living people
Alumni of Newcastle University
British poets
People from West Yorkshire
British male poets
Writers from Yorkshire |
23575987 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irondequoit%20Creek | Irondequoit Creek | Irondequoit Creek is a stream in eastern Monroe County, New York that feeds Irondequoit Bay. It begins in rural West Bloomfield in Ontario County, flowing north into the town of Mendon in Monroe County. Accumulating a few small tributaries, it twists eastward back into the Ontario County town of Victor, then back north into Monroe County, where it flows through the towns of Perinton and Penfield on its way to the bay. It also skirts the edge of the combined town and village of East Rochester.
The creek is believed to lie in a valley carved out by a pre-glacial Genesee River, which at the time would have flowed into Lake Ontario where Irondequoit Bay does today. Glacial debris caused the river to be rerouted as the glaciers retreated, leaving only the comparatively small creek (Rogers 1893).
The first settlements in the town of Penfield sprang up along the creek, as its waters were well suited to mills. The Daisy Flour Mill, previously a restaurant, was the last of over a dozen mills that once used the creek's waters.
The creek's valley caused a problem for the engineers of the original Erie Canal, who ultimately had to build the Great Embankment aqueduct to bridge the valley near Bushnell's Basin (Fairchild 1896:134, Farley 2010, Schoff:505).
The creek is stocked annually with fish by the New York State Department of Environmental Conservation for year-round fishing.
References
Rivers of New York (state)
Rivers of Monroe County, New York
Rivers of Ontario County, New York |
20468585 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pseudomelatomidae | Pseudomelatomidae | Pseudomelatomidae is a family of predatory sea snails, marine gastropods included in the superfamily Conoidea (previously Conacea) and part of the Neogastropoda (Bouchet & Rocroi, 2005).
In 1995 Kantor elevated the subfamily Pseudomelatominae to the status of family Pseudomelatomidae.
In 2011 Bouchet, Kantor et al. moved the Crassispirinae and Zonulispirinae and numerous genera of snails loosely called turrid snails (which at that point had been placed in the family Conidae) and placed them in the family Pseudomelatomidae. This was based on a cladistical analysis of shell morphology, radular characteristics, anatomical characters, and a dataset of molecular sequences of three gene fragments.
Genera
Genera within the family Pseudomelatomidae include:
Abyssocomitas Sysoev & Kantor, 1986
Aguilaria Taylor & Wells, 1994
Anticomitas Powell, 1942
Antimelatoma Powell, 1942
Antiplanes Dall, 1902
Benthodaphne Oyama, 1962
† Boreocomitas Hickman, 1976
Brachytoma Swainson, 1840
Burchia Bartsch, 1944
Buridrillia Olsson, 1942
Calcatodrillia Kilburn, 1988
Carinodrillia Dall, 1919
Carinoturris Bartsch, 1944
Cheungbeia Taylor & Wells, 1994
† Clavatoma Powell, 1942
Cleospira McLean, 1971
Comitas Finlay, 1926
Compsodrillia Woodring, 1928
Conorbela Powell, 1951
Conticosta Laseron, 1954
Crassiclava McLean, 1971
Crassispira Swainson, 1840
Cretaspira Kuroda & Oyama, 1971
Dallspira Bartsch, 1950
Doxospira McLean, 1971
Funa Kilburn, 1988
Gibbaspira McLean, 1971
Glossispira McLean, 1971
Hindsiclava Hertlein & A.M. Strong, 1955
Hormospira Berry, 1958
Inquisitor Hedley, 1918
Knefastia Dall, 1919
Kurilohadalia Sysoev & Kantor, 1986
Kurodadrillia Azuma, 1975
Leucosyrinx Dall, 1889
Lioglyphostoma Woodring, 1928
Maesiella McLean, 1971
Mammillaedrillia Kuroda & Oyama, 1971
Megasurcula Casey, 1904
Meggittia Ray, 1977
Miraclathurella Woodring, 1928
Monilispira Bartsch & Rehder, 1939
Naudedrillia Kilburn, 1988
Nymphispira McLean, 1971
Otitoma Jousseaume, 1898
Paracomitas Powell, 1942
Pilsbryspira Bartsch, 1950
Plicisyrinx Sysoev & Kantor, 1986
Pseudomelatoma Dall, 1918
Pseudotaranis McLean, 1995
Ptychobela Thiele, 1925
Pyrgospira McLean, 1971
Rhodopetoma Bartsch, 1944
Sediliopsis Petuch, 1988
Shutonia van der Bijl, 1993
Strictispira McLean, 1971
Striospira Bartsch, 1950
Thelecythara Woodring, 1928
Tiariturris Berry, 1958
Viridrillia Bartsch, 1943
Zonulispira Bartsch, 1950
Genera brought into synonymy
Epidirona Iredale, 1931: synonym of Epideira Hedley, 1918
Lioglyphostomella Shuto, 1970: synonym of Otitoma Jousseaume, 1898
Macrosinus Beu, 1970: synonym of Paracomitas Powell, 1942
Rectiplanes Bartsch, 1944: synonym of Antiplanes Dall, 1902
Rectisulcus Habe, 1958: synonym of Antiplanes Dall, 1902
Schepmania Shuto, 1970: synonym of Shutonia van der Bijl, 1993
Thelecytharella Shuto, 1969: synonym of Otitoma Jousseaume, 1898
Turrigemma Berry, 1958: synonym of Hindsiclava Hertlein & A.M. Strong, 1955
Viridrillina Bartsch, 1943: synonym of Viridrillia Bartsch, 1943
Genera moved to another family
Austrocarina Laseron, 1954 has been moved to the family Horaiclavidae.
References
(Pseudomelatominae) The American Malacological Union. Annual Reports for 1965: 2
External links
Worldwide Mollusc Species Data Base: Pseudomelatomidae
James Mc Lean, A revised classification of the family Turridae , with the proposal of new subfamilies, genera, and subgenera from the Eastern Pacific - General description of the subfamily Zonulispirinae, now recognized as the family Pseudomelatomidae; The Veliger v. 14 (1971-1972)
Gastropod families |
20468592 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bill%20Berry%20%28footballer%2C%20born%201882%29 | Bill Berry (footballer, born 1882) | William Alexander Berry (July 1882 – 1 March 1943) was an English footballer who played as a forward. Born in Sunderland, he played for Sunderland, Tottenham Hotspur, Manchester United and Stockport County.
References
External links
MUFCInfo.com profile
1882 births
1943 deaths
English footballers
Association football forwards
Sunderland Rovers F.C. players
Sunderland A.F.C. players
Manchester United F.C. players
Tottenham Hotspur F.C. players
Stockport County F.C. players
English Football League players |
20468594 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kyoli%20language | Kyoli language | The Kyoli or Cori (Chori) language is a Plateau language spoken in Southern Kaduna State, Nigeria.
Overview
It is spoken in the northeast of Nok in Jaba Local Government Area (LGA), Kaduna State. The speakers prefer to spell the name of their language as Kyoli, which is pronounced [kjoli] or [çjoli]. The ethnic group is referred to as Kwoli.
There are about 7,000-8,000 Kyoli speakers living in the two village clusters of Hal-Kyoli and Bobang. Bobang is the cultural center of the Kyoli-speaking area. Bobang village cluster consists of the five hamlets of Bobang, Fadek, Akoli, Hagong, and Nyamten. Hal-Kyoli village is situated by itself. All of the Kwoli villages surround the foot of Egu-Kyoli Hill, which rises more than 240 meters above the villages.
Tone
Cori is known for having six distinct levels of tone, too many to transcribe using the International Phonetic Alphabet, which allows five. However, there are only three underlying tones: 1 (), 4 (), and 6 (), which are all that need to be written for literacy. Most cases of Tone 2 () are a result of tone sandhi, with 4 becoming 2 before 1. Tones 3 () and 5 () can be analysed as contour tones, with underlying realised as and realised as .
In order to transcribe the surface tones without numerals (which are ambiguous), an extra diacritic is needed, as is common for four-level languages in Central America:
1 ()
2 ()
3 ()
4 ()
5 ()
6 ()
Numerals
Kyoli numerals in different dialects:
References
Further reading
A Sociolinguistic Profile of the Kyoli (Cori) [cry] Language of Kaduna State, Nigeria
Dihoff, Ivan (1976). Aspects of the tonal structure of Chori. Doctoral dissertation, University of Wisconsin.
Languages of Nigeria
Central Plateau languages
Tonal languages |
20468597 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pseudomelatoma%20torosa | Pseudomelatoma torosa | Pseudomelatoma torosa is a species of predatory sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Pseudomelatomidae.
Subspecies
Pseudomelatoma torosa aurantia Carpenter, 1864
Description
The whorls show an angulated shoulder bearing nodulous terminations of about ten short oblique ribs. There is no spiral sculpture. The color of the shell is burnt-brown, under an olivaceous epidermis. The nodules are whitish. The aperture is brown.
The shell of the subspecies P. t. aurantia is orange-colored, sometimes spirally striate.
Distribution
This marine species occurs off southern California, USA.
References
Carpenter, Journ. de Conchyl., ser. 3, vol. 12, p. 146, April, 1865.
Turgeon, D.; Quinn, J.F.; Bogan, A.E.; Coan, E.V.; Hochberg, F.G.; Lyons, W.G.; Mikkelsen, P.M.; Neves, R.J.; Roper, C.F.E.; Rosenberg, G.; Roth, B.; Scheltema, A.; Thompson, F.G.; Vecchione, M.; Williams, J.D. (1998). Common and scientific names of aquatic invertebrates from the United States and Canada: mollusks. 2nd ed. American Fisheries Society Special Publication, 26. American Fisheries Society: Bethesda, MD (USA). . IX, 526 + cd-rom pp. (look up in IMIS)
page(s): 103
External links
torosa
Gastropods described in 1864
Taxa named by Philip Pearsall Carpenter |
23575988 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2009%20Honda%20Indy%20Toronto | 2009 Honda Indy Toronto | The 2009 Honda Indy Toronto was the tenth round of the 2009 IndyCar Series season and took place on July 12, 2009 at the Exhibition Place temporary street circuit in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Dario Franchitti won the race, to join Chip Ganassi Racing teammate Scott Dixon as the only three-time winners in the 2009 season. Franchitti also regained the points lead from Dixon, leading the championship by two points as the championship heads to Edmonton. Ryan Briscoe finished second for the fifth time in the last six races, with Penske Racing teammate Will Power third on his return to the series.
The 2009 race was a resumption of the Toronto Grand Prix after a one-year hiatus due to the unification of the Champ Car World Series into IndyCar during the 2008 season, during which a Toronto Grand Prix was not held due to scheduling conflicts.
Grid
Race
Standings after the race
Drivers' Championship standings
References
Honda Indy Toronto
Indy Toronto
Honda Indy Toronto
Honda Indy Toronto
Honda Indy Toronto |
20468646 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cliff%20Birkett | Cliff Birkett | Clifford Birkett (17 September 1933 – 11 January 1997) was an English footballer who played in the Football League as a forward for Manchester United and Southport. He was a schoolboy international. He also played non-league football for Cromptons Recreation, Wigan Rovers and Macclesfield Town.
Birkett was born in Haydock, Lancashire, in 1933 and died there in 1997 at the age of 63. Two brothers, Ronnie and Wilf, were also professional footballers.
References
External links
MUFCInfo.com profile
1933 births
1997 deaths
People from Haydock
English footballers
England schools international footballers
Association football forwards
Manchester United F.C. players
Southport F.C. players
Wigan Rovers F.C. players
Macclesfield Town F.C. players
English Football League players |
20468649 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stan%20Fansler | Stan Fansler | Stanley Robert Fansler (born February 12, 1965) is an American former professional baseball pitcher.
Early life and amateur career
Fansler was born in 1965 to Elkins, West Virginia to Lonnis and Carol Anne Fansler. His father served in the United States Air Force and for thirty years in the United States Forest Service. Fansler was one of three brothers.
Fansler attended Elkins High School in Elkins where he played baseball and was named to the ABCA/Rawlings High School All-America Third Team in 1983.
Professional career
Fansler was selected by the Pittsburgh Pirates in the second round of the 1983 Major League Baseball draft and became the first player selected from West Virginia in the second or first round of the main phase of the draft. He began his professional career in the New York–Penn League with the Watertown Pirates, accumulating an earned run average (ERA) of 8.05 in his age-18 season. In the following season in Watertown, however, he lowered that number by more than three quarters; his 2.01 ERA and 78 strikeouts both led the Pirates. Fansler moved relatively quickly through the minors. By the time he reached Triple-A with the Hawaii Islanders for the first time in 1985, he was 5.7 years younger than the average player in the Pacific Coast League.
On or about August 29, 1986, the Pittsburgh Pirates promoted Fansler to the Major Leagues for the first time in his career alongside Sammy Khalifa, Bob Patterson and Mike Brown. He made his Major League debut on September 6, 1986. He was the starting pitcher that night for the Pirates against the Atlanta Braves at Atlanta-Fulton County Stadium and surrendered four earned runs in just four innings pitched. His best start of the season according to game score came on September 18 against the Expos in Montreal; he went six innings for the first time in his career and allowed only one run. On October 4, Fansler recorded the only hit in his Major League career, a third-inning single off of Bob Ojeda of the eventual World Series champion New York Mets. It would turn out to be the final game of his Major League career.
Fansler underwent multiple surgeries on his rotator cuff after his brief MLB stint, with the first coming in 1987. In 1990, he suffered an ankle injury mid-season and also pitched through bursitis in his shoulder. His final season as a player came in the minors in 1994, after which he coached in the Montreal Expos and Texas Rangers farm systems.
Personal life
Fansler left baseball after having children with his wife, who he had married in 1991.
In 2006, Fansler was living in Beckley, West Virginia and working making mining equipment with his father-in-law. In 2020, Fansler's son, Hunter, played college baseball for Marshall University.
References
External links
, or Retrosheet, or SABR Biography Project, or Pura Pelota (Venezuelan Winter League)
1965 births
Living people
American expatriate baseball players in Canada
Baseball players from West Virginia
Buffalo Bisons (minor league) players
Carolina Mudcats players
Gulf Coast Rangers players
Harrisburg Senators players
Hawaii Islanders players
Major League Baseball pitchers
Nashua Pirates players
Navegantes del Magallanes players
American expatriate baseball players in Venezuela
People from Elkins, West Virginia
Pittsburgh Pirates players
Salem Buccaneers players
Tiburones de La Guaira players
Vancouver Canadians players
Watertown Pirates players |
20468654 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paddy%20Kennedy%20%28Kerry%20Gaelic%20footballer%29 | Paddy Kennedy (Kerry Gaelic footballer) | Paddy Kennedy (1916-1979) was a Gaelic footballer from Kerry, active in the 1930s and 1940s. He was a member of the Garda Síochána for a time, but later became a sales representative for a mineral water company and managed the Crystal Ballroom in Dublin.
Paddy Kennedy Memorial Park
The Annascaul GAA club's home ground, opened in 1984, is named Paddy Kennedy Memorial Park after him. Regarded by many as one of the all-time greats of Kerry football, he was captain of the 1946 All-Ireland winning team. The pitch was opened in 1984; the first game played there was between Kerry and Dublin. Since then, there have been many West Kerry League championship games and finals played there by all age groups as well as many County League championships. In 2003, the Munster Ladies Minor Football Championship final between Kerry and Cork was played there. In 2008, a round of the Ladies National League was played here between Kerry and Mayo.
Playing career
Inter-county
Kennedy was Kerry captain in 1946 when Kerry defeated Roscommon in the final. He also played in the Polo Grounds final in New York in 1947 when Kerry lost to Cavan.
During his playing days he won 5 Senior All Irelands, 1 Minor All Ireland, 1 Munster Minor, 10 Munster Senior Championship and 2 Railway Cups.
Kennedy played 45 games for Kerry between 1936 and 1947, 44 as a starter and 1 as a substitute, and scored 5–23 in the Championship matches. He played in 12 Munster Finals, winning 11 and losing 1.
He also played in 8 All-Ireland finals, losing 3 and winning 5.
1936 Championship
Munster Quarter Final, 24 May: Kerry 7–7 Limerick 1–4. Kennedy played Left Half Forward, but did not score.
Munster Semi-final, 12 July: Kerry 1–5 Tipperary 0–5. Kennedy played Left Half Forward, but did not score.
Munster Final, 26 July: Kerry 1–11 Clare 2–2. Kennedy played Left Half Forward, and scored 0–3.
All-Ireland Semi-final, 9 August: Mayo 1–5 Kerry 0–6. Kennedy played midfield, but did not score.
1937 Championship
Munster Quarter Final, 13 June: Kerry 6–7 Cork 0–4. Kennedy played midfield, and scored 0–2.
Munster Semi-final, 11 July: Kerry 2–11 Tipperary 0–4. Kennedy played midfield, and scored 0–2.
Munster Final, 18 July: Kerry 4–9 Clare 1–1. Kennedy played Midfield, but did not score.
Kennedy did not play in the All-Ireland Semi-final against Laois, played on 15 August 1937 in Cork and which finished in a 2–3 to 2–3 draw, and also did not play in the Semi-final replay, played 22 August in Mullingar and which finished 2–2 to 1–4.
All-Ireland Final, 26 September: Kerry 2–5 Cavan 2–5. Kennedy played midfield, but did not score. Kennedy did not play in the replay, which was played in Croke Park on 17 October 1937, and won by Kerry 4–4 to 1–7. The Radio Athlone commentator mistakenly announced Cavan as the winners of the first game; Packie Boylan's late point had actually been disallowed. Kerry won the replay by six points, with goals by Timmy O'Leary (2), Miko Doyle and John Joe Landers. It was the fourth of five All-Ireland football titles won by Kerry in the 1930s.
1938 Championship
Munster Semi-final, 29 May: Kerry 2–6 Clare 0–2. Kennedy played midfield, but did not score.
Munster Final, 7 August: Kerry 4–14 Cork 0–6. Kennedy played Left Half Forward, and scored 1–1.
All-Ireland Semi-final, 21 August: Kerry 2–6 Laois 2–4. Kennedy played Right Half Forward, and scored 0–1.
All-Ireland Final, 25 September: Kerry 2–6 Galway 2–6. Kennedy played Left Half Forward, and scored 0–1.
All-Ireland Final Replay, 23 October: Kerry 0–7 Galway 2–4. Kennedy played Left Half Forward, but did not score.
1939 Championship
Munster Final, 23 July: Kerry 2–11 Tipperary 0–4. Kennedy played midfield, but did not score.
All-Ireland Semi-final, 13 August: Kerry 0–4 Mayo 0–4. Kennedy played Right Half Forward, but did not score.
All-Ireland Semi-final Replay, 10 September: Kerry 3–8 Mayo 1–4. Kennedy played midfield, and scored 0–1.
All-Ireland Final, 24 September: Kerry 2–5 Meath 2–3. Kennedy played Midfield, but did not score.
The 1939 All-Ireland Senior Football Championship Final was the 52nd All-Ireland Final and the deciding match of the 1939 All-Ireland Senior Football Championship, an inter-county Gaelic football tournament for the top teams in Ireland. Dan Spring (later TD and father of Tánaiste Dick Spring) scored both Kerry goals. Meath rued their missed chances – they shot 11 wides. It was the fifth of five All-Ireland football titles won by Kerry in the 1930s.
1940 Championship
Munster Semi-final, 30 June: Kerry 4–8 Tipperary 1–5. Kennedy played midfield, but did not score.
Munster Final, 21 July: Kerry 1–10 Waterford 0–6. Kennedy played midfield, but did not score.
All-Ireland Semi-final, 18 August: Kerry 3–4 Cavan 0–8. Kennedy played midfield, but did not score.
All-Ireland Final, 22 September: Kerry 0–7 Galway 1–3. Kennedy played Right Half Forward, but did not score.
The 1940 All-Ireland Senior Football Championship Final was the 53rd All-Ireland Final and the deciding match of the 1940 All-Ireland Senior Football Championship, an inter-county Gaelic football tournament for the top teams in Ireland. Jimmy Duggan scored a goal for Galway just before half-time, but Kerry hit four points in the second half to secure a narrow victory. The game was plagued by fouls, sixty-two frees being awarded in all. It was the first of three All-Ireland football titles won by Kerry in the 1940s. It was also the first of three consecutive All-Ireland football finals lost by Galway.
1941 Championship
Munster Final, 20 June: Kerry 2–9 Clare 0–6. Kennedy played midfield, but did not score.
All-Ireland Semi-final, 10 August: Kerry 0–4 Dublin 0–4. Kennedy played midfield, but did not score.
All-Ireland Semi-final Replay, 17 August: Kerry 2–9 Dublin 0–3. Kennedy played midfield, but did not score.
All-Ireland Final, 7 September: Kerry 1–8 Galway 0–7. Kennedy played Right Half Forward, but did not score.
The 1941 All-Ireland Senior Football Championship Final was the 54th All-Ireland Final and the deciding match of the 1941 All-Ireland Senior Football Championship. Kerry completed a three-in-a-row with a goal by Tom "Gega" O'Connor. The attendance was affected by restrictions under "The Emergency", with a thousand fans travelling by peat-fueled train, and two Kerrymen cycling a tandem bicycle from Killarney to Dublin. It was the second of three All-Ireland football titles won by Kerry in the 1940s. It was also the second of three consecutive All-Ireland football finals lost by Galway.
1942 Championship
Club
Kennedy won a Kerry County Championship with Kerins O'Rahillys in 1939 and 4 Dublin County Championships: three with Geraldines and one with the Garda club he joined in the late 1930s.
Honours
Inter-county
All-Ireland Senior Football Championship 5: 1937, 1939, 1940, 1941, 1946
All-Ireland Senior Football Championship Winning Captain 1946
All-Ireland Minor Football Championship 1: 1933
Munster Senior Football Championship 10: 1936, 1937, 1938, 1939, 1940, 1941, 1942, 1944, 1946, 1947
Munster Minor Football Championship 1: 1933
Inter-provincial
Railway Cup 2: 1941, 1946
Club
Kerry Senior Championship 1: 1939
Dublin Senior Football Championship 4: 1935 (Garda) 1940,1941,1942 (Geraldines)
References
1916 births
1979 deaths
Garda Síochána officers
All-Ireland-winning captains (football)
Kerins O'Rahilly's Gaelic footballers
Garda Gaelic footballers
Geraldines Gaelic footballers
Kerry inter-county Gaelic footballers
Munster inter-provincial Gaelic footballers
Winners of five All-Ireland medals (Gaelic football) |
20468663 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USS%20Magothy%20%28AVP-45%29 | USS Magothy (AVP-45) | USS Magothy (AVP-45) was a proposed United States Navy seaplane tender that was never laid down.
Construction and commissioning
Magothy was to have been one of 41 Barnegat-class small seaplane tenders the U.S. Navy planned to commission during the early 1940s, and was to have been built at Houghton, Washington, by the Lake Washington Shipyard. However, by the spring of 1943 the Navy deemed that number of seaplane tenders excess to requirements, and decided to complete four of them as motor torpedo boat tenders and one as a catapult training ship. In addition, the Navy also decided to cancel six of the Barnegat-class ships prior to their construction, freeing up the diesel engines that would have powered them for use in escort vessels and amphibious landing craft.
Magothy was assigned her name on 23 August 1942, but became one of the first four ships to be cancelled when the Navy cancelled its contract with Lake Washington Shipyard for her construction on 22 April 1943.
References
NavSource Online: Service Ship Photo Archive Small Seaplane Tender (AVP) Index
Cancelled ships of the United States Navy
Barnegat-class seaplane tenders
Ships built at Lake Washington Shipyard |
20468694 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reg%20Chester | Reg Chester | Reginald Alfred Chester (21 November 1904 – 24 April 1977) was an English footballer who played as a forward. Born in Long Eaton, Derbyshire, he played in the Football League for Aston Villa, Manchester United, Huddersfield Town and Darlington.
References
Profile at MUFCInfo.com
1904 births
1977 deaths
People from Long Eaton
English footballers
Association football forwards
Aston Villa F.C. players
Manchester United F.C. players
Huddersfield Town A.F.C. players
Darlington F.C. players
English Football League players |
20468699 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpha%20Fire%20Company | Alpha Fire Company | The Alpha Fire Company provides fire and rescue services for the Borough of State College, College Township, Ferguson Township, Patton Township, and The Pennsylvania State University.
The company was formed in 1899 as the Union Fire Company and changed its name to Alpha Fire Company in 1900.
Mission and community service
The Mission Statement of Alpha Fire is: "To protect the lives and property of the members of the Borough of State College and surrounding communities." Volunteers who serve with the company are each required to undergo various training modules, the first of which amounts to approximately 80 hours over the members' first 12 weeks with the company. All members are required to obtain their national Firefighter I Certification within 24 months of joining.
In addition to the protection of property and lives, members of the fire department also engage in activities which foster positive working relations between the department and members of the community. In the past such activities have included transporting Santa Clause through the borough during State College's annual Christmas Eve celebration.
Apparatus
Alpha Fire Company operates a fleet of 26 vehicles.
Command 5 - Incident command post rotated among the line officers
Car 5 - Fire Chief's car, additional command post
Car 55 - Fire Director's car, additional command post
Traffic 5-1 - 2021 Ford F-350 Fire police traffic unit
Traffic 5-2 - 2021 Ford F-350 Fire police traffic unit
Special Unit 5 - Modified 2005 Chevrolet Silverado Crew Cab
Utility 5-1 - 2005 Chevrolet 2500
Utility 5-2 - 2012 Chevrolet 2500
Utility 5-3 - 2013 Chevrolet Tahoe
Utility 5-4 - 2013 Ford Interceptor
Utility 5-5 - 2012 Ford Explorer
Fire Marshal 55 - 2013 Ford Interceptor
UTV 5 - Kubota RTV
Drop-Deck 5 - 2019 JLG Utility Trailer
Service 55 - 2018 Ford F-350 with a Reading Body
Heavy Lift 5 - 1988 Nissan N6000 Fork Lift
Foam Trailer 5 - 2005 Tandem Axel Class-B Foam Trailer
Decon Trailer 5 - 2014 Mobile Decon Trailer
Hazmat 55 - 1997 Seagrave Walk-In HazMat Unit
Engine Companies
Engine 5-1 - 2005 Pierce Dash
Engine 5-2 - 2002 Pierce Dash Custom Engine
Engine 5-3 - 2002 Pierce Dash Custom Engine
Engine 5-4 - 2017 Pierce Velocity PUC
Tanker 5-1 - 2013 Pierce/Kenworth Custom Tanker
Tanker 5-2 - 2021 Pierce/Kenworth Custom Tanker
Truck Companies
Truck 5-1 - 2016 95 Foot Pierce Velocity ladder Truck
Truck 5-2 - 2009 75 Foot Pierce Aerial Scope tower ladder Truck
Quint 5 - 2010 75 Foot Aerial PUC Quint on a Pierce Arrow XT Chassis.
Rescue Company
Rescue 5 - 2000 Saulsbury Cougar Series Rescue on a Spartan Gladiator Long four-door Chassis
Stations
Alpha Fire operates out of three stations:
Main Station
The Main Station at 400 West Beaver Avenue opened in 1974. The Main Station has a Meeting Room, Maintenance Shop, Lounge, Watch Office, Kitchen, Administration Office, Gym, and Bunk room. The bunk room houses 6 live-ins and has room for 17 total bunks. The station houses 5 pieces of apparatus, Engine 5-2, Engine 5-3, Truck 5-1, Rescue 5, Tanker 5-1. Traffic units 5-1 and 5-2, Utility 5-1, Utility 5-4, Service 55, Special Unit 5, and Command 5 are also housed here.
College Township Station
The College Township station is a sub-station housed in the basement of the College Township Building at 1481 East College Avenue. This station has a Watchroom, Office, Lounge, Bunkroom, Live-in rooms for 4 live-ins, and a Kitchen. Engine 5-1, Quint 5, Utility 55, and Fire Marshal 55 are housed here.
Patton Township Station
The Patton Township Sub-Station facility at 2598 Green Tech Drive opened in 2001. It has rooms for four live-in members and a bunkroom for additional firefighters. The station houses Truck 5-2, Engine 5-4, Tanker 5-2, Utility 5-2, and Utility 5-3.
See also
Centre County, Pennsylvania
Borough of State College
College Township
Ferguson Township
Patton Township
The Pennsylvania State University.
References
External links
Alpha Fire Company
Centre County, Pennsylvania
State College, Pennsylvania |
20468721 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thylacodes%20squamigerus | Thylacodes squamigerus | Thylacodes squamigerus, common name the scaled wormsnail, is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Vermetidae, the worm snails. This species was previously known as Serpulorbis squamigerus.
This worm snail lives in the Eastern Pacific Ocean.
This species is often cemented into colonies. It has no operculum.
References
Vermetidae
Gastropods described in 1856
Taxa named by Philip Pearsall Carpenter |
23575993 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rosemary%20Clooney%20discography | Rosemary Clooney discography | Singer Rosemary Clooney (May 23, 1928 – June 29, 2002) is known for many songs, including "Come On-a My House", "Botch-a-Me", "Mambo Italiano", "Tenderly", "Half as Much", "Hey There" and "This Ole House". This is a partial discography.
Singles discography
Albums
1952: Hollywood's Best (with Harry James) (10" Lp)
1954: Red Garters (with Guy Mitchell and Joanne Gilbert) (10" Lp)
1954: While We're Young (10" Lp)
1954: Irving Berlin's White Christmas (10" Lp)
1955: Tenderly (10" Lp)
1955: Children's Favorites (10" Lp)
1955: Hollywood's Best (with Harry James) (12" Lp)
1956: Blue Rose (with Duke Ellington)
1956: Date with the King (with Benny Goodman) (10" LP)
1956: My Fair Lady (10" LP)
1956: On Stage (live at the London Palladium) (10" LP)
1957: Ring Around Rosie (with The Hi-Lo's)
1957: Clooney Tunes
1958: The Ferrers (with José Ferrer)
1958: The Ferrers at Home (with José Ferrer)
1958: Swing Around Rosie (with the Buddy Cole trio)
1958: Fancy Meeting You Here (with Bing Crosby)
1958: In High Fidelity
1958: Oh, Captain!
1959: Hymns From the Heart
1959: A Touch of Tabasco (with Perez Prado)
1959: Hollywood Hits
1959: Mixed Emotions
1960: How the West Was Won (with Bing Crosby)
1960: Rosie Swings Softly
1960: Clap Hands! Here Comes Rosie!
1961: Rosie Solves the Swingin' Riddle! (with Nelson Riddle)
1961: Rosemary Clooney Sings for Children
1963: Rosemary Clooney Sings Country Hits from the Heart
1963: Love (recorded 1961)
1964: Thanks for Nothing
1965: That Travelin' Two Beat - Bing Crosby and Rosemary Clooney (with Bing Crosby)
1976: Look My Way
1977: Nice to Be Around
1977: A Tribute to Duke
1977: Everything's Coming Up Rosie
1978: Christmas with Rosemary Clooney (recorded 1976)
1978: Rosie Sings Bing
1979: Here's to My Lady
1979: Rosemary Clooney Sings the Lyrics of Ira Gershwin
1981: With Love
1982: Rosemary Clooney Sings the Music of Cole Porter
1983: Rosemary Clooney With Les Brown and his Band of Renown
1983: Rosemary Clooney Sings the Music of Harold Arlen
1983: My Buddy (with Woody Herman)
1984: Rosemary Clooney Sings the Music of Irving Berlin
1985: Rosemary Clooney Sings Ballads
1986: Rosemary Clooney Sings the Music of Jimmy Van Heusen
1987: Rosemary Clooney Sings the Lyrics of Johnny Mercer
1989: Show Tunes
1989: 16 Most Requested Songs
1990: Rosemary Clooney Sings Rodgers, Hart & Hammerstein
1991: For the Duration
1992: Girl Singer
1993: Do You Miss New York?
1994: Still on the Road
1995: Demi-Centennial
1996: Dedicated to Nelson
1996: White Christmas
1997: Mothers & Daughters
1998: At Long Last (with the Count Basie Orchestra)
2000: Out of This World
2000: Brazil (with John Pizzarelli)
2001: Sentimental Journey: The Girl Singer and Her New Big Band
2001: A Very Special Christmas with Rosemary Clooney
2002: The Last Concert (live)
References
Vocal jazz discographies |
23576009 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gordon%20McCracken | Gordon McCracken | William Clifford Gordon McCracken, (22 March 1898 – 27 January 1964) was an Australian Commonwealth Note and Stamp Printer and an Australian rules footballer who played with Fitzroy in the Victorian Football League (VFL) during the 1920s.
Football
McCracken, who contested nine finals from 1922 to 1924, was Fitzroy's ruckman in the 1922 premiership side. He was again a follower in the 1923 Grand Final but was off the ground injured for much of the encounter and Fitzroy lost by 17 points. In the same year, McCracken represented the VFL at interstate football. Before arriving at Fitzroy, he played for Essendon Association in the Victorian Football Association.
Note and Stamp Printing
McCracken joined the Commonwealth Bank on 1 August 1936, as Works Manager, and was appointed as the Australian Note and Stamp Printer on 21 April 1940. During this period he was responsible for introducing new equipment, the photogravure printing process, and (reportedly) the elimination of personal monograms and imprints in favour of 'By Authority' impersonal marks in 1942. He retired in March 1963, the same year he was appointed as an Officer of the Order of the British Empire.
Notes
References
Gordon McCracken's playing statistics from The VFA Project
1898 births
1964 deaths
Fitzroy Football Club players
Fitzroy Football Club Premiership players
Essendon Association Football Club players
Australian rules footballers from Victoria (Australia)
Officers of the Order of the British Empire
One-time VFL/AFL Premiership players |
23576011 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special%20memorandum%20account | Special memorandum account | Special memorandum account (SMA) is a margin credit account used for calculating US Regulation T requirements on brokerage accounts. In addition to Initial Margin and Maintenance Margin requirements, the SMA ledger is used to lock in unrealized gains that augment the client's buying power.
According to Regulation T, Section 220.5:
(b) The SMA may contain the following entries:
Dividend and interest payments;
Cash not required by this part, including cash deposited to meet a maintenance margin call or to meet any requirement of a self-regulatory organization that is not imposed by this part;
Proceeds of a sale of securities or cash no longer required on any expired or liquidated security position that may be withdrawn under section 220.4(e) of this part; and
Margin excess transferred from the margin account under section 220.4(e)(2) of this part.
Regulation T allows transfers from the SMA to be used as margin for new purchases in their margin account. However, exchange rules do not allow these transfers to be used for maintenance margin calls. The SMA balance represents credits that are used only for meeting margin requirements and are not actual funds that could be withdrawn by the client.
Buying Power is always twice the SMA balance.
Example
A customer purchases 1,000 shares of stock 'ABC' on margin at $50 per share. If ABC is currently trading at $70 per share, what is the excess equity or SMA?
A purchase of $50,000 worth of securities (1,000 shares × $50 per share) requires depositing the Regulation T amount (50 percent) of the purchase. Thus, the customer equity (EQ) is originally $25,000 (50% × $50,000) and $25,000 was borrowed on margin. The long market value (LMV) has now increased to $70,000 ($70 × 1,000 shares), but the margin amount ($25,000) remains the same. Thus the EQ ($70,000 - $25,000) has increased to $45,000 and the new Reg T margin requirement would be $35,000 ($70,000 × 50%).
We calculate SMA as follows:
Current Margin requirement = 50% × $70,000
SMA = EQ – Current Margin Requirement
SMA = $45,000 – $35,000 = $10,000
References
Financial markets
Margin policy |
23576015 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koko%C4%8Dak | Kokočak | Kokočak is a village in north-eastern Slavonia, situated in municipality town of Orahovica, Virovitica-Podravina county, Croatia.
Population
References
CD-rom: "Naselja i stanovništvo RH od 1857-2001. godine", Izdanje Državnog zavoda za statistiku Republike Hrvatske, Zagreb, 2005.
Populated places in Virovitica-Podravina County |
23576028 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trichocentrum%20bicallosum | Trichocentrum bicallosum | Trichocentrum bicallosum is a species of orchid found from Mexico (Oaxaca, Chiapas) to Central America.
References
External links
bicallosum
Orchids of Central America
Orchids of Chiapas
Flora of Oaxaca |
23576061 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trichocentrum%20carthagenense | Trichocentrum carthagenense | Trichocentrum carthagenense is a species of orchid found from the Caribbean and Mexico, Central America and down to northern Brazil.
References
External links
carthagenense
Orchids of Central America
Orchids of Belize
Orchids of Brazil
Orchids of Mexico
Flora of the Caribbean
Flora without expected TNC conservation status |
6901066 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/I%20Don%27t%20Know%20How%20to%20Love%20Him | I Don't Know How to Love Him | "I Don't Know How to Love Him" is a song from the 1970 album and 1971 rock opera Jesus Christ Superstar written by Andrew Lloyd Webber (music) and Tim Rice (lyrics), a torch ballad sung by the character of Mary Magdalene. In the opera she is presented as bearing an unrequited love for the title character. The song has been much recorded, with "I Don't Know How to Love Him" being one of the rare songs to have had two concurrent recordings reach the top 40 of the Hot 100 chart in Billboard magazine, specifically those by Helen Reddy and Yvonne Elliman, since the 1950s when multi-version chartings were common.
Composition/original recording (Yvonne Elliman)
"I Don't Know How to Love Him" had originally been published with different lyrics in the autumn of 1967, the original title being "Kansas Morning". The melody's main theme has come under some scrutiny for being non-original, being compared to a theme from Mendelssohn's Violin Concerto in E Minor. In December 1969 and January 1970, when Andrew Lloyd Webber and Tim Rice completed Jesus Christ Superstar, Rice wrote new lyrics to the tune of "Kansas Morning" to provide the solo number for the character of Mary Magdalene (Rice and Webber's agent David Land would purchase the rights to "Kansas Morning" back from Southern Music for £50).
Now entitled "I Don't Know How to Love Him", the song was recorded by Yvonne Elliman and completed between March and July 1970. When first presented with "I Don't Know How to Love Him", Elliman had been puzzled by the romantic nature of the lyrics, as she had been under the impression that the Mary she'd been recruited to portray was Jesus's mother.
Recorded in one take at Olympic Studios in June 1970, "I Don't Know How to Love Him" has been universally acclaimed as the high point of the Jesus Christ Superstar soundtrack since the album's September 1970 release; in 2003 The Rough Guide to Cult Pop would assess Elliman's performance: "It's rare to hear a singer combine such power and purity of tone in one song, and none of the famous singers who have covered this ballad since have come close."
The choice for the first single release went, however, to the track "Superstar" by Murray Head. When a cover of "I Don't Know How to Love Him" by Helen Reddy began moving up the charts in the spring of 1971 the original track by Yvonne Elliman was issued as a single to reach No. 28, although Reddy's version was more successful at No. 13. Both versions did moderately well on the Adult Contemporary chart, with Reddy's at No. 12 and Elliman's at No. 15 Despite the difference in chart success,Cash Box considered Elliman's version to be the stronger version of the song. In early 1972, Elliman's "I Don't Know How to Love Him" was issued in the UK on a double A-side single with Murray Head's "Superstar"; with this release Elliman faced competition with a cover of "I Don't Know How to Love Him" by Petula Clark, but neither version became a major hit, Elliman's reaching No. 47 and Clark's No. 47. Tim Rice produced several additional tracks for Elliman to complete her debut album.
Elliman performed "I Don't Know How to Love Him" when she played the Mary Magdalene role first in the Broadway production of Jesus Christ Superstar, which opened at the Mark Hellinger Theatre 12 October 1971, and then in the movie version, her respective renderings being featured on both the Broadway cast album and the soundtrack album for the film. Her version of "I Don't Know How to Love Him" from the movie soundtrack gave Elliman a hit in Italy (#21) in 1974. Elliman has also performed "I Don't Know How to Love Him" when revisiting her Mary Magdalene role, first at a Jesus Christ Superstar concert by the University of Texas at El Paso Dinner Theatre staged 14 April 2003, and then for a live-in-concert one-night only performance of Jesus Christ Superstar on 13 August 2006 at the Ricardo Montalban Theater in Los Angeles.
Chart history
Subsequent show tune renditions in English
Melanie C version
Onstage
English singer Melanie C performed "I Don't Know How to Love Him" in the role of Mary Magdalene during the Jesus Christ Superstar Live Arena Tour which had its initial UK run in September - October 2012 also playing the O2 Dublin 12 October 2012, followed first by an Australian tour in May - June 2013 and then an encore UK run in October 2012. Melanie C had debuted her performance of "I Don't Know How to Love Him" on 25 July 2012 when she sang the song to Andrew Lloyd Webber's piano accompaniment on the final of the reality-TV talent show Superstar broadcast by ITV. The Adelaide Now review of the ...Live Arena Tours 4 June 2012 performance at the Adelaide Entertainment Centre stated: "Melanie C absolutely blitzes her big number 'I Don't Know How To Love Him' bringing a more raw rock edge to the bridge before hitting the final big notes right out of the arena."
Recording
Melanie C made a studio recording of "I Don't Know How to Love Him" for her 9 September 2012 album Stages, a show tune album produced by the singer's longtime collaborator Peter-John Vettese from which "I Don't Know How to Love Him" had been issued in digital download format as a preview to rank after its first week of release at #20 on the UK Independent Singles Chart.
Track listings
Digital download "Don't Know How To Love Him" – 5:18
Charts
Credits and personnel
Credits for the album version of "I Don't Know How To Love Him".
Andrew Lloyd Webber – songwriter
Tim Rice – songwriter
Peter-John Vettese – producer
Mark 'Tufty' Evans – engineer
Tony Cousins – mastering
Ian Ross – art designer
Tim Bret-Day – photographer
Release history
Other renditions as a show tune in English
Other singers who have performed "I Don't Know How to Love Him" in the role of Mary Magdalene onstage in productions of Jesus Christ Superstar (referred to as JCS), and/or as a show tune, include:1970s/ 1980s onstage in JCS:
Linda Nichols in the first US national tour which played the Hollywood Bowl in August 1971; Nichols reprised the role in a four-city tour (Atlanta/ Dallas/ Sacramento/ St. Louis) in 1985
Michele Fawdon who originated the role in Australia in 1972
Marta Heflin in the Broadway production at the Mark Hellinger Theater from 17 April 1972
Heather MacRae in the second US national tour which played the Universal Studios Amphitheatre in July 1972
Dana Gillespie in the original London production at the Palace Theatre which opened 9 August 1972, and on the subsequent UK tour
Emma Angeline Butler in the Gaiety Theatre, Dublin, production which opened March 1973
Marcia Hines, who in the summer of 1973 took over from Fawdon as Mary Magdalene in Australia, reprising the role in 1975 and 1978
Judy Kaye at the Oakdale Theater, Wallingford CT, in 1972, at the Music Circus, Sacramento, in June 1975, and at the Paper Mill Playhouse in 1977
Barbara Niles in the first Broadway revival which opened at the Longacre Theater 23 November 1977
Siobhan McCarthy at the Palace Theater (West End) from 1979
Beth Leavel in the UNCG Summer Theater Repertory production in June 1979
Nicolette Larson at the Starlight Theater, Kansas City, MO, in August 1984
Kim Criswell at the Paper Mill Playhouse in 1988
The renditions of "I Don't Know How to Love Him" by Michele Fawdon and Dana Gillespie were respectively featured on the Australian and London cast albums of JCS, both released in 1972. Marcia Hines' version appears on her 1978 Live Across Australia album.1990s onstage in JCS:
LaChanze at the Walnut Street Theater, Philadelphia, over the Christmas season of 1991
Kate Ceberano in the 1992 Australian national tour
Janika Sillamaa in 1992 at the Linnahall, Tallinn
Irene Cara in the first months of Landmark Entertainment Group US national tour 1992-93
Margaret Urlich in a New Zealand concert production in 1993
Emily Saliers in the Jesus Christ Superstar: a Resurrection production which played Atlanta, Austin and Seattle in 1994
Syreeta Wright in the Landmark Entertainment Group US national tour as of October 1993
Joanna Ampil in the London revival at the Lyceum Theatre which opened 19 November 1996
Golda Rosheuval in a seven-city UK tour 1998-99
The renditions of "I Don't Know How to Love Him" by Kate Ceberano (1992), Margaret Urlich (1993), Emily Saliers (1994), and Joanna Ampil (1996) all appear on the cast albums of their respective productions, with the cast album tracks by Kate Ceberano and Margaret Urlich released as singles in, respectively, Australia and New Zealand charting at respectively No. 38 and No. 44. In 1992 Claire Moore sang "I Don't Know How to Love Him" on a 20th Anniversary re-recording of the JCS soundtrack.
Frances Ruffelle sang "I Don't Know How to Love Him" when she performed as Mary Magdalene in a studio cast album of JCS broadcast on BBC Radio 2 on 19 October 1996. Also in 1996 Issy Van Randwyck performed "I Don't Know How to Love Him" on a recording of JCS produced for Jay Records. Janika Sillamaa recorded "I Don't Know How to Love Him" for her 1993 album Lootus; the rendition recorded by Kim Criswell for her 1999 album Back to Before is included on the 2002 compilation album The Essential Songs of Andrew Lloyd-Webber.
In 1999 JCS was filmed by Andrew Lloyd Webber's RUG company with Renee Castle singing "I Don't Know How to Love Him" as Mary Magdalene; released in the UK 16 October 2000 and internationally over the next six months, the RUG production of JCS had its cast album given a parallel release with the video and DVD editions of the film in March 2001, with the film being broadcast by PBS as a Great Performances segment over Eastertide of 2001.2000s onstage in JCS:
Maya Days in the 2000 Broadway revival which opened at the Ford Center for the Performing Arts that 16 April
Amii Stewart at the Teatro Olimpico, Rome, over the Easter season of 2000 in the concluding engagement of a seven-city Italian tour
Olivia Cinquemani (it) in the final performance of the Eastertide 2000 engagement at the Teatro Olimpico and subsequently at the Teatro Nazionale, Milan, in that autumn; Bituin Escalante in the GSIS Theater, Manila, production which opened 23 March 2000
Sonja Richter in the Østre Gasværk, Østerbro, production which opened 23 February 2002
Arlene Wilkes (no) in the Agder Teater, Kristiansand, production which opened 13 July 2002
Natalie Toro in the 2004 US national tour;
Liisi Koikson (et) at the Vanemuine, Tartu, in June 2004
Kerry Ellis in a concert production at Portchester Castle in Fareham 11 July 2004
Candida Mosoma in the South African production which opened 12 April 2006 at Theater on the Bay, Cape Town, with Mosoma reprising her role when the production played the Badminton Theater, Athens, over Eastertide 2007.
In the 2 September 2006 episode of How Do You Solve a Problem like Maria?, potential eliminees Helena Blackman and Leanne Dobinson sang a joint version of "I Don't Know How to Love Him" for Andrew Lloyd Webber, who elected to "save" Blackman.2010 -''' onstage in JCS:
Naomi Price in the Harvest Rain Theatre Company production of August 2010 and in its August 2011 reprise
Nádine in the South African production which opened 12 May 2011 at the Artscape Opera House, Cape Town
Jennifer Paz in the Village Theatre, Seattle, revival which opened 11 May 2011
Chilina Kennedy in the Stratford Festival revival which opened 16 May 2011 and, after an interim La Jolla Playhouse run, opened at the Neil Simon Theatre on Broadway 22 March 2012
Ivana Vaňková (cs) in the Brno City Theatre production at the Mediterranean Conference Centre, Valletta, in April 2014
Mari Haugen Smistad (no) in the Lørenskog Hus, Akershus, production which opened 10 October 2014
Patricia Meeden (de) in the Theater Bonn Operhaus production which opened 13 October 2014 (at some performances the song was sung by Mary Magdalene alternate Dionne Wudu)
Julia Deans in the Auckland Theatre Company production which opened 1 November 2014 at the Rangatira auditorium in the Q Theater
Rachel Adedeji in the tour of the British Isles from 21 January 2015
Nadine Beiler in a concert staging at the Raimund Theater, Mariahilf, from 27 March 2015
Maria Ylipää can be heard singing "I Don't Know How to Love Him" on the recording made of the concert production of JCS which had a three-night run 25–27 August 2011 at Sibelius Hall in Lahti, Finland, Ylipää playing the role of Mary Magdalene in that production made under the auspices of the Lahti Symphony Orchestra. Saara Aalto sang "I Don't Know How to Love Him" when she assumed the role of Mary Magdalene in a reprise of the Lahti Symphony Orchestra's concert production of JCS, which had a three-night run 22–24 August 2012.
Renée van Wegberg (nl) sang "I Don't Know How to Love Him" in the role of Mary Magdalene in a concert version of JCS presented 25 March 2013 at the Beatrix Theater in Utrecht, and again in a concert production at the DeLaMar (Amsterdam) 17 March 2015. On 16 March 2015 the DeLaMar had presented a concert version of JCS featuring Willemijn Verkaik singing "I Don't Know How to Love Him" in the role of Mary Magdalene.
Other singers with theatrical associations who have recorded "I Don't Know How to Love Him" include (with parent album) Elaine Paige (Stages – 1983; also Elaine Paige Live – 2009), Barbara Dickson (Ovation: Best of Andrew Lloyd Webber – 1985), Stephanie Lawrence (The Love Songs of Andrew Lloyd Webber – 1988), Titti Sjöblom (Special -1989), Marti Webb (The Magic From the Musicals – 1991), Fiona Hendley (The Andrew Lloyd Webber Collection – 1991), Sarah Brightman (Sarah Brightman Sings the Music of Andrew Lloyd Webber – 1992), Julia McKenzie (The Musicals Album – 1992), Lea Salonga (The Broadway Concert – 1992), Twiggy (London Pride: songs from the London stage - 1996), and Ruthie Henshall (non-album cut - 2011). Also Helena Vondráčková, who had recorded the Czech rendering "Já, Máří Magdaléna" for her 1993 showtune album Broadway, recorded "I Don't know How to Love Him", for that album's 1994 English-language edition: The Broadway Album. Sandy Lam performed the song in the Andrew Lloyd Webber: Masterpiece: Live From the Great Hall of the People, Beijing televised concert in 2001; her rendering is featured on the soundtrack album. Gemma Arterton performed "I Don't Know How to Love Him" 8 July 2014 at the Tim Rice: a life in song gala at the Royal Festival Hall which was filmed for broadcast by BBC Two on Christmas Day 2014. Sonia, who performed "I Don't Know How to Love Him" in the 1997 UK tour of the What a Feeling nostalgiac revue, recorded her version for the show's soundtrack album. Also Bonnie Tyler was recruited to record "I Don't Know How to Love Him" for the 2007 album Over the Rainbow – Show Tunes in Aid of the Association of Children's Hospices. Sara Bareilles performed "I Don't Know How to Love Him" during the live musical television special, Jesus Christ Superstar Live in Concert, on NBC on 1 April 2018.
Show tune renditions – non-English languages
Czech "Co na tom je tak zlého?/What's so bad about that?" (lyricist Michael Prostějovský) was introduced by Bára Basiková in the Spiral Theatre (Prague Exhibition Ground) production which opened 22 July 1994: the production's four-year run featured several alternate Mary Magdalenes including Leona Machálková. Basikova reprised the role in the Musical Theatre Karlín revival which opened 11 November 2010 and in which Dasha (cs) was alternate Mary Magdalene. Besides being recorded by Basikova for the 1994 cast album of the Spiral Theatre production, "Co na tom je tak zlého?" has been recorded by Monika Absolonová for her 2010 showtune album Muzikálové, while the alternate Czech rendering: "Já, Máří Magdaléna/Me, Mary Magdalene", was recorded by Helena Vondráčková for her 1993 showtune album Broadway.
Danish "Jeg vil så gerne nå ham/I so want to reach him" (lyricist Johannes Møllehave) was introduced in the 1972 production which opened at the Falkoner Center (Frederiksberg) in which Mary Magdalene was performed alternately by Kirsten Johansen or Ann Liza, with Ann Liza recording the song for the cast album release of 1972. An alternate Danish rendering: "Jeg ønsker - jeg ku' glemme/I wish - I could forget" (lyricist Bente Frithioff Nørgaard), was recorded by Kirsten Siggaard (da) for her 1987 showtune album Musicals.
Dutch "Hoe Moet ik van Hem Houden?/How Should I Love Him?" (lyricist Daniël Cohen) was introduced by Casey Francisco (nl) in the touring production which opened 3 November 2005 at the Stadsschouwburg Utrecht: during the show's Penny Vos alternated with Francisco as Mary Magdalene: it was Francisco who recorded "Hoe Moet ik van Hem Houden?" for the cast album released in 2006. The song was nominated for a 2006 Flemish Musical Prize (nl), its parent production having played at the Stadsschouwburg Antwerp/Antwerpen, but the award was conferred on "De winnaar heeft de macht/The winner has the power" from the Dutch edition of "Mamma Mia!". Maike Boerdom ( nl) recorded "Hoe Moet ik van Hem Houden?" for her 2010 showtune album Dichtbij Broadway.
French "La Chanson de Marie-Madeleine (Dites-moi comment faire)/The Song of Mary Magdalene (Tell me how to do it)" (lyricist Pierre Delanoë) was introduced by Anne-Marie David in the Paris production of JCS which opened at the Théâtre de Chaillo in April 1972. Her rendering of "La Chanson de Marie-Madeleine" taken from the cast recording reached No. 29 on the French charts. "La Chanson de Marie-Madeleine" was also recorded by Nicoletta for an unofficial JCS soundtrack album released on Barclay Records to coincide with the April 1972 opening of the Paris production.
German "Wie soll ich ihn nur lieben?/How am I supposed to love him?" (lyricist Anja Hauptmann de) premiered with the production 18 February 1972 at Halle Münsterland, with Paula Roy recording the song for the 1973 cast album of the German tour. An earlier German rendering of "I Don't Know How to Love Him": "Einmal werde ich ihn sehen/I will see him once", had been recorded by musical actress Olivia Molina being as single release from her 1971 self-titled album: Molina would play Mary Magdalene in the Theater Oberhausen 1985 production of JCS. Anna Montanaro, who played Mary Magdalene at Bad Hersfelder Festspiele over the summers of 2002–04, recorded "Wie soll ich ihn nur lieben?" for that production's 2003 soundtrack album. "Wie soll ich ihn nur lieben?" has also been performed onstage by Ann Christin Elverum (de) in the Theater des Westens 2004 concert staging; by Petra Madita Pape (de) at DomStufen-Festspiele in 2005; by Eva Rodekirchen (de) at Stadttheater Ingolstadt in 2007; Caroline Vasicek in the 2011 Easter Concert staging at the Ronacher (de) Theater; and Femke Soetenga (de) at Thunerseespiele in 2010.
Hungarian "Nem Tudom, Hogyan Szeressem/I don't know how to love" (lyricist Miklós Tibor hu): introduced onstage by Magdi Bódy (hu) in an oratorio production at the Budapest University of Technology and Economics on 18 January 1972, the song was performed from May 1986 in the cathedral square in Szeged production by Kriszta Kováts (hu) alternating with Anikó Nagy. "Nem tudom, hogy szeressen" has since been sung onstage by Nelly Fésűs (hu) in the Miscolk National Theatre production which opened 9 November 2001, and by Lilla Polyák (hu) in the Szigligeti Theatre (Szolnok) production which opened 15 April 2011. Operatic soprano Sylvia Sass recorded "Nem Tudom, Hogyan Szeressem" for her 1985 album Nézz Körül.
Italian "Non so chiamarlo amore/I don't know how to call it love" was introduced in the Compagnia della Rancia Tolentino production November 2006: Valentina Gullace, who performed onstage at Compagnia della Rancia, may be heard singing "Non so chiamarlo amore" on the cast album released in 2007.
Japanese "Watashi Wa Iesu Ga Wakaranai/I don't understand Jesus" was introduced by Hideko Kuno (ja) onstage in the premiere Shiki Theatre production of JCS in 1973: Kuno's recording of the song is featured on the cast album released in 1976. The Shiki Theatre has since staged revivals of JCS many times: Ryoko Nomura (ja) has performed "Watashi Wa Iesu Ga Wakaranai" onstage in the Shiki revivals of 1987, 1991 and 1994.
Norwegian "Eg veit ikkje/I do not know" (lyricist Bjørn Endreson) was introduced onstage by Aina Oldeide in the premiere det Norske Teatret production of JCS which opened 29 March 1990. The Norsek Teatre revival of JCS which opened 3 September 2009 featured a new rendering of "I Don't Know How to Love Him" by lyricist Ola E. Bø: entitled "Eg vil gi han min kjærleik/I want to give him my love", the song was introduced onstage by Charlotte Frogner.
Polish "Jak mam go pokochać/How am I supposed to love him" (lyricist Wojciech Młynarski) was introduced by Małgorzata Ostrowska in the Teatr Muzyczny (Gdynia) production which premiered 17 April 1987 at the : during this production Irena Pająkówna alternated with Ostrowska. In the revival of JCS which ran at Teatr Muzyczny (Gdynia) from 11 November 2000 the role of mary Magdalene was performed onstage alternately by Izabela Bujniewicz (po) or Dorota Kowalewska.
Portuguese "Eu não sei como amá-lo/I don't know how to love him" (lyricist Vinicius de Moraes) was introduced by Maria Célia Camargo (pt) in the Teatro Aquarius (São Paulo) production which opened in March 1972, with Camargo's rendition heard on the cast album released the same year. The song has since been performed onstage by Negra Li in the revival of JCS which opened at the Teatro do Complexo Ohtake Cultural (Pinheiros) on 14 March 2014. The 2007 Portuguese revision of JCS introduced a rendering of "I Don't Know How to Love Him" entitled "Eu Não Sei Como O Amar/I don't know how to love him": during the show's run, which after a premiere engagement at Rivoli Theater (Porto) from 14 June 2007 transferred to the Teatro Politeama in Lisbon on 27 November 2007, the role of Mary Madgalene was performed alternately by Laura Rodrigues or Sara Lima, then from May 2008 the role alternated between Laura Rodrigues and Anabela.
Russian "Kak ego lyubit'/How to love him" (lyricist Iaroslav Kesler) was introduced in the Mossovet Theatre production which premiered in 1990 and has been constantly revived, marking its 1000 performance in December 2015. Among the singer/ actresses who have performed onstage as Mary Magdalene for Mossovet are Yekaterina Guseva, Irina Klimova (ru) (2008), Lada Maris (ru) (1999, 2005, 2006, 2007), and Anastasija Makiejewa (ru) (2012). An alternate Russian rendering: "Kak dolžen byt' ljubim on/How he should be loved" (lyricist Vyacheslav Ptitsyn), was recorded by Tatiana Antsiferova (ru) for the 1992 studio cast album of JCS, while the St. Petersburg Rock Opera Theatre (ru) production, which premiered February 1990 introduced a rendering of "I Don't Know How to Love Him" entitled "Arija Marii Magdaliny/Aria of Mary Magdalene" (lyricist Grigorii Kruzhkov ru and/ or Marina Boroditskaya): the singer/ actresses who performed onstage as Mary Magdalene in the Rock Opera production included Natalia Uleskaya who recorded "Arija Marii Magdaliny" for the cast album release of 1994.
Slovak "Nie, neviem ako ľúbiť/No, I don't know how to love": The premiere Slovak-language production of JCS opened 10 April 2015 for a projected year-long run at the Heineken Tower Stage (sk) (Ružinov) with Katarína Hasprová performing onstage in the premiere: during the show's run Hasprová is alternating onstage in the role of Mary Magdalene with Nela Pocisková.
Spanish In 1975 two distinct Spanish-language renderings of "I Don't Know How to Love Him" were introduced onstage: firstly Julissa introduced "Yo no sé cómo amarlo/I don't know how to love him" (lyricist Marcos Lizama) in the Teatro Ferrocarrilero Gudelio Morales (Cuauhtémoc) of JCS, while Angela Carrasco introduced "Es más que amor/It's more than love" (lyricist Jaime Azpilicueta) in the Nuevo Teatro Alcalá (Madrid) production which opened 6 November 1975, with both Julissa and Carrasco heard with their respective renderings on their respective cast album releases: Julissa in 1974, Carrasco in 1977. Cast albums from subsequent Madrid productions featured Estíbaliz singing "Es más que amor" (1984) and Lorena Calero singing a new Spanish-language rendering "No sé cómo quererle/I don't know how to love him" (2007), while Laura Flores is featured singing "Yo no sé cómo amarlo" on the cast album from the 1984 Televiteatros revival. Rocío Banquells, who sang "Yo no sé cómo amarlo" onstage in the Teatro Lírico de México 1983 revival of JCS, recorded the song for her 1999 album Ellas Cantan Así. Paloma San Basilio recorded "Es más que amor" for her 2002 showtune album Eternamente: Grandes éxitos de grandes musicales .
Swedish "Vart Ska Min Kärlek Föra/Where Will My Love Lead" (lyricist Britt G. Hallqvist) was sung onstage by Agnetha Fältskog when she originated the role of Mary Magdalene in the Swedish production of JCS which premiered 18 February 1972 at the Scandinavium in Gothenburg for a two-week run followed by a national tour: Fältskog had previously played the role in a mounting of JCS – evidently in English – which premiered in Copenhagen on 26 December 1971. During the play's Scandinavium tenure, Fältskog alternated the Mary Magdalene role with Titti Sjöblom: Fältskog played the role in the evening performances with Sjöblom onstage for the matinées. Besides recording "Vart Ska Min Kärlek Föra" for the cast album of the Scandinavium production of JCS, recorded in 1971, Fältskog made a recording of the song for release as a single: the session for the single version of "Vart Ska Min Kärlek Föra" was recorded at a session at Metronome Studios in Stockholm produced by Björn Ulvaeus on 4 February 1972 while Fältskog was in rehearsals for her stage role. Both the Swedish cast album and Fältskog's single version of "Vart Ska Min Kärlek Föra" were released March 1972 with the single reaching No. 2 on the Swedish hit parade. Titti Sjöblom would fully assume the Mary Magdalene role onstage for the Swedish touring company of JCS. "Vart Ska Min Kärlek Föra" has also been recorded by Anna-Lotta Larsson for her 2004 album of show tunes entitled Tidlöst. "Hur visar jag min kärlek?/How do I show my love?" (lyricist Ola Salo) was introduced onstage by in the Malmö Opera's revival of JCS which ran 31 October 2008 – 8 March 2009: Fang was featured singing the song on that production's cast recording. This production was revived at the Göta Lejon Theatre in Stockholm with an 8 April – Easter Sunday – 2012 premiere with Anna-Maria Hallgarn onstage as Mary Magdalene for the first six months of the tour, with Gunilla Backman appearing onstage in the role as of 13 September 2012 – by Gunilla Backman, with Anna Sahlene announced to assume the role onstage from 27 December 2012. Gunilla Backman had recorded "I Don't Know How to Love Him" for her 2010 album showtune album entitled Gunilla Backman sings Webber.
Non-theatrical versions
Helen Reddy version
Upon the release of the original Jesus Christ Superstar album Capitol Records executive Artie Mogull heard the potential for a smash hit in the track "I Don't Know How to Love Him" and had pitched the song to Linda Ronstadt, then on the Capitol roster; after Ronstadt advised Mogull: "she hated the song, [saying] it was terrible" Mogull invited the then-unknown Helen Reddy to record "I Don't Know How to Love Him" as part of a one-off single deal with Capitol. Reddy herself did not care for "I Don't Know How to Love Him" agreeing to cut the song to serve as B-side for the track she wished to record: the Mac Davis composition; "I Believe in Music" (later a hit for Gallery).
Background and recording
In her autobiography The Woman I Am, Helen Reddy states that Mogull invited her to record a single after seeing her perform on a Tonight Show episode (the guest host Flip Wilson had invited Reddy to appear; Wilson knew Reddy from the club circuit). Mogull himself attributed his interest in Reddy to the solicitations on her behalf by her then-husband and manager Jeff Wald who called Mogull three times a day for five months asking him to let Reddy cut a song. Larry Marks produced Reddy's recording of "I Don't Know How to Love Him" and "I Believe in Music" at A&M's recording studios. According to Reddy, her extreme anxiety – "I had waited years for this shot and I didn't think there would be another one" – manifested in her vocals making "I Believe in Music" ineffectual but "I Don't Know How to Love Him" convincingly plaintive, clinching the decision to make the latter the A-side of the single, released in January 1971. In a 1974 Billboard tribute to Helen Reddy, writer Cynthia Spector states "I Don't Know How to Love Him" became a hit due to the efforts of Jeff Wald "who stayed on the phone morning to night, cajoling, bullying, wheedling airplay from disk jockeys. Using $4,000 of his own money, his own telephone credit card and his American Express card to wine and dine anyone who would listen to his wife, he made the record happen."
Release
Reddy attributes the eventual success of her recording of "I Don't Know How to Love Him" to the positive listener response the track received at the first station where it was played, WDRC (AM) in Hartford, Conn. A number of the "local requests" for "I Don't Know How to Love Him" originated in Los Angeles, made by Reddy's visiting nephew—a teenage Australian actor with a penchant for different voices—and also a number of Reddy's friends, with Reddy admitting: "I may have made a call or two myself."
In April 1971 WDRC program director Charles R. Parker would relate how Reddy and Wald had visited WDRC to thank the station for its initial support of Reddy's "I Don't Know How to Love Him," with Reddy and Wald expressing how they "were more than delighted and surprised to see [the track] break on Top 40 at WDRC."
Chart impact
Reddy's recording of "I Don't Know How to Love Him" entered the national charts in March 1971 – showing in the Top Ten in Dallas and Denver that month – but its momentum was so gradual as to not effect Top 40 entry until that May; by then MCA Records had issued the original Yvonne Elliman track as a single and from 15 May 1971 to 26 June 1971 both versions were in the Top 40 with Reddy's version maintaining the upper hand peaking at No. 13 while Elliman's version peaked at No. 28. "I Don't Know How to Love Him" became Reddy's first major hit single in her native Australia, peaking at No. 2 on the Go-Set Top 40 chart for two weeks in August 1971 with an eventual ranking as the No. 8 hit for the year 1971. On Australia's Kent Music Report, the song also reached No. 2, but stayed at that position for eight consecutive weeks. The track also afforded Reddy a hit in Europe with a March 1972 peak of No. 14 in Sweden—the Swedish production of Jesus Christ Superstar had begun a record-setting run in February 1972—and an April 1972 peak of No. 23 in the Netherlands.
The success of "I Don't Know How to Love Him" led to Reddy's being signed to a long-term contract by Capitol who released her I Don't Know How to Love Him album in August 1971. The track issued as a follow-up single: a version of Van Morrison's "Crazy Love" stalled short of the Top 40 at No. 51, while the album charted with a moderate No. 100 peak; Reddy's subsequent success, however, garnered her debut album sufficient interest for it be certified as a Gold record in 1974. Also of note, the I Don't Know How to Love Him album included an initial arrangement of Reddy's signature song, "I Am Woman" which via a 1972 re-recording with a new arrangement would prove to be the vehicle to consolidate Reddy's stardom, reaching No. 1 on the Billboard Hot 100 dated 9 December 1972.
Weekly charts
Year-end charts
Other non-theatrical versions
The earliest single version of "I Don't Know How to Love Him" was that cut by Karen Wyman an artist on the roster of MCA/Decca Records the label of release for the original Jesus Christ Superstar album: Wyman's single, produced by Ken Greengrass and Peter Matz, was released in November 1970 in the US and was also released in 1970 in the UK. Introduced on her May 1971 album release One Together, Wyman's "I Don't Know How to Love Him" had reached #101 in Record World's "The Singles Chart 101–150" during a December 1970 - January 1971 eight-week tenure.
A version of "I Don't Know How to Love Him" done in medley with "Everything's Alright", also from Jesus Christ Superstar, was recorded on the Happy Tiger label by a group credited as the Kimberlys; released in January 1971 the same week as the Helen Reddy version, the Kimberleys' track received enough regional attention to reach No. 99 on the Billboard Hot 100 that March.
Dutch vocalist Bojoura had a 1971 single release of "I Don't Know How to Love Him" with the song relegated to B-side status, the single's A-side being "Everything's Alright".
The appearance of Helen Reddy's version on the Billboard Hot 100 also drew the single release of the version of "I Don't Know How to Love Him" by Petula Clark which single – produced by Johnny Harris – would be Clark's last released on Warner Brothers.
In the British Isles "I Don't Know How to Love Him" first became a hit in the Republic of Ireland where Tina & Real McCoy took it to No. 1 in December 1971. In January 1972 the version by Petula Clark was released in the UK to chart at No. 47 marking Clark's final appearance on the UK Singles chart except for the 1988 remix of her 1964 hit "Downtown". Clark's "I Don't Know How to Love Him" was to be her final single release on Pye Records. Concurrent with Clark's version, the original Yvonne Elliman track was issued as a single on a double A-side with "Superstar" by Murray Head; this single peaked at UK No. 47. Tony Hatch, who had produced Petula Clark's hit singles of the 1960s, had produced a version of "I Don't Know How to Love Him" by his then-wife Jackie Trent, which was issued as a single 5 November 1971: Hatch would later produce a rendition of the song by Julie Budd for her 1972 self-titled album. A 1972 version by Sylvie McNeill on a UK 45, United Artists UA UP35415, was released (11 August) timed for the first UK stage musical of Jesus Christ Superstar; she had actually performed it on The Benny Hill Show (original air date: 23 February 1972).
Petula Clark also recorded "I Don't Know How to Love Him" in French as "La Chanson de Marie-Madeleine" which served as the title cut for a 1972 French language album which also featured Clark's version of "I Don't Know How to Love Him". "La Chanson de Marie-Madeleine" became a chart item (#66) for Clark in Quebec in March 1972 despite being bested in France by the Anne-Marie David version from the Paris cast recording which reached No. 29.
In 1972, Cilla Black recorded the song for Day by Day with Cilla – her seventh and final studio album to be produced by George Martin. Black revealed in her 2003 autobiography What's It All About how she had worked so hard to produce the song which she loved but as her record label EMI Records were having industrial action the album was delayed a year. The singer went on to explain "Disappointed though I was, there was at least a crumb of comfort for me when Tim Rice hailed my recording as 'the definitive version'." Also in 2003, Andrew Lloyd Webber wrote for the booklet of Black's compilation album The Best of 1963–78 "Her version of 'I Don't Know How To Love Him' in my opinion stands up alongside her other great songs...". Black's original vocal was remixed for her 2009 club remixes album Cilla All Mixed Up.
Shirley Bassey recorded "I Don't Know How to Love Him" for her 1972 album release And I Love You So with the track having a single release as the B-side of the title track. Johnny Harris, who'd produced Petula Clark's version of "I Don't How to Love Him", was the producer of Bassey's And I Love You So album (Noel Rogers was credited as executive producer) and on that album's "I Don't Know How to Love Him" track Harris acted as arranger/conductor.
The earliest rendering of "I Don't Know How to Love Him" in Swedish was "Vad Gör Jag Med Min Kärlek?" introduced on the album Frida by Anni-Frid Lyngstad which was recorded from September 1970 to January 1971: the complete album track was entitled "Allting Skall Bli Bra"/"Vad Gör Jag Med Min Kärlek?" the first element referring to the Swedish rendering of the abbreviated version of "Everything's Alright" which serves as the lead-in to "Vad Gör Jag Med Min Kärlek?" ("I Don't Know How to Love Him" is performed in the stage musical Jesus Christ Superstar with an abbreviated "Everything's Alright" as prelude). "Allting Skall Bli Bra"/"Vad Gör Jag Med Min Kärlek?" had a belated single release in the spring of 1972 as follow-up to Lyngstad's hit "Min egen Stad": the single release of "Allting Skall Bli Bra"/"Vad Gör Jag Med Min Kärlek?" put Lyngstad in competition with her future ABBA co-member Agnetha Fältskog, the latter's concurrent single release "Vart Ska Min Karlek Fora" being the Swedish rendering of "I Don't Know How to Love Him" featured in the Swedish production of Jesus Christ Superstar and Faltskog having the cachet of performing as Mary Magdalena in that stage production it was her single which became the hit, besting Lyngstad's "Allting Skall Bli Bra"/"Vad Gör Jag Med Min Kärlek?" and also a cover version of "Vad Gör Jag Med Min Kärlek?" by .
"I Don't Know How to Love Him" has also been recorded (with parent album) by Madeline Bell (on multi-artist album Musical Cocktail – 1995), Debra Byrne (credited as Debbie [no surname] on multi-artist album Young Talent Time by Young Talent Team – 1973), Mary Byrne (...with Love – 2011), Chelsia Chan (Dark Side of Your Mind – 1975), Judy Collins (Amazing Grace – 1985), Dana (Everything is Beautiful - 1980), Kjerstin Dellert (entitled "Vad Gör Jag Med Min Kärlek") (Primadonna – 1977), Johnny Dorelli & Catherine Spaak (entitled "Non So Più Come Amarlo") (B-side of No. 6 Italian chart hit "Una Serata Insieme a Te" – 1973), Katja Ebstein (entitled "Wie soll ich ihn nur lieben") (Liebe – 1977), Peggy Lee (Where Did They Go? – 1971), Suzanne Lynch (Walk a Little Closer - 1973; credited as Suzanne [no surname]), Gloria Lynne (I Don't Know How to Love Him – 1976), Ginette Reno (entitled "La Chanson De Marie Madeleine") (Spécialement Pour Vous - 1976), Jeane Manson (Jeane Manson – 1993), Manuela (Songs of Love – 1971), Catherine McKinnon (Catherine McKinnon - 1976 or '77 compilation album of CBC Radio performances), (Anita Meyer (Premiere – 1987), Gitte Hænning (entitled "Jeg vil så gerne nå ham") (Gitte Hænning – 1971), (entitled "Wie soll ich ihn nur lieben") (Meisterstücke – 2001), Sinéad O'Connor (Theology – 2007), Marion Rung (entitled "Maria Magdalena" recorded 1974) (Marion, olkaa hyvä - kaikki singlet 1971-1986 – 2005), Irene Ryder (Irene - 1971), Seija Simola (entitled "Maria Magdalena") (Seija – 1972), Nancy Sinatra (Shifting Gears - 2013), Ornella Vanoni (entitled "Non So Più Come Amarlo") (single from Quei Giorni Insieme A Te – 1974), and Frances Yip (Frances Yip's Greatest Hits - 1972). Kelly Marie, who at sixteen had won four times on Opportunity Knocks singing "I Don't Know How to Love Him", recorded a disco version of the song which appears on the 2003 album Applause.
Nell Carter performed "I Don't Know How to Love Him" in an episode of the NBC-TV sitcom Gimme a Break! entitled Flashback which was broadcast 26 January 1984.
Mulgrew Miller recorded an instrumental version of the song on his 1995 album Getting to Know You.
Alicja Janosz, winner of the first edition of Polish Idol, performed the song during World Idol competition in 2003.
In the "Sadie Hawkins" episode of the TV series Glee aired 24 January 2013 "I Don't Know How to Love Him" was performed by Jenna Ushkowitz in the role of Tina.
An apparently unique gender-adjusted version of the song: "I Don't Know How to Love Her", was recorded by Jerry Vale as the title cut of his 1971 album release.
References
External links
, Yvonne Elliman in Jesus Christ Superstar''
1970s ballads
1970 songs
1971 debut singles
English folk songs
Songs from Jesus Christ Superstar
Songs with music by Andrew Lloyd Webber
1992 singles
Yvonne Elliman songs
Helen Reddy songs
Torch songs
Decca Records singles
MCA Records singles
Capitol Records singles
Songs with lyrics by Tim Rice
Folk ballads
Sara Bareilles songs
Songs about Jesus
Cultural depictions of Mary Magdalene
Song recordings produced by Peter-John Vettese |
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