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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cold%20War%20%281985%E2%80%931991%29
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Cold War (1985–1991)
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The Cold War period of 1985–1991 began with the rise of Mikhail Gorbachev as General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union. Gorbachev was a revolutionary leader for the USSR, as he was the first to promote liberalization of the political landscape (Glasnost) and the economy (Perestroika); prior to this, the USSR had been strictly prohibiting liberal reform and maintained a command economy. The USSR, despite facing massive economic difficulties, was involved in a costly arms race with the United States under President Ronald Reagan. Regardless, the USSR began to crumble as liberal reforms proved difficult to handle and capitalist changes to the economy were badly instituted and caused major problems. The Cold War came to an end when the last war of Soviet occupation ended in Afghanistan, the Berlin Wall came down in Germany, a series of mostly peaceful revolutions swept the Soviet Bloc states of eastern Europe in 1989, and the Soviet Union collapsed and formally dissolved itself from existence in 1991.
Thaw in relations
After the deaths of three successive elderly Soviet leaders since 1982, the Soviet Politburo elected Gorbachev Communist Party General Secretary in March 1985, marking the rise of a new generation of leadership. Under Gorbachev, relatively young reform-oriented technocrats, who had begun their careers in the heyday of "de-Stalinization" under reformist leader Nikita Khrushchev, rapidly consolidated power, providing new momentum for political and economic liberalization, and the impetus for cultivating warmer relations and trade with the West.
On the Western front, President Reagan's administration had taken a hard line against the Soviet Union. Under the Reagan Doctrine, the Reagan administration began providing military support to anti-communist armed movements in Afghanistan, Angola, Nicaragua and elsewhere.
A major breakthrough came in 1985–87, with the successful negotiation of the Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces Treaty (INF). The INF Treaty of December 1987, signed by Reagan and Gorbachev, eliminated all nuclear and conventional missiles, as well as their launchers, with ranges of (short-range) and (intermediate-range). The treaty did not cover sea-launched missiles. By May 1991, after on-site investigations by both sides, 2,700 missiles had been destroyed.
The Reagan administration also persuaded the Saudi Arabian oil companies to increase oil production. This led to a three-times drop in the prices of oil, and oil was the main source of Soviet export revenues. Following the USSR's previous large military buildup, President Reagan ordered an enormous peacetime defense buildup of the United States Armed Forces; the Soviets did not respond to this by building up their military because the military expenses, in combination with collectivized agriculture in the nation, and inefficient planned manufacturing, would cause a heavy burden for the Soviet economy. It was already stagnant and in a poor state prior to the tenure of Mikhail Gorbachev who, despite significant attempts at reform, was unable to revitalise the economy. In 1985, Reagan and Gorbachev held their first of four "summit" meetings, this one in Geneva, Switzerland. After discussing policy, facts, etc., Reagan invited Gorbachev to go with him to a small house near the beach. The two leaders spoke in that house well over their time limit, but came out with the news that they had planned two more (soon three more) summits.
The second summit took place the following year, in 1986 on October 11, in Reykjavík, Iceland. The meeting was held to pursue discussions about scaling back their intermediate-range ballistic missile arsenals in Europe. The talks came close to achieving an overall breakthrough on nuclear arms control, but ended in failure due to Reagan's proposed Strategic Defense Initiative and Gorbachev's proposed cancellation of it. Nonetheless, cooperation continued to increase and, where it failed, Gorbachev reduced some strategic arms unilaterally.
Fundamental to the dissolution of the Soviet Union, the Gorbachev policy initiatives of Restructuring (Perestroika) and Openness (Glasnost) had ripple effects throughout the Soviet world, including eventually making it impossible to reassert central control over Warsaw Pact member states without resorting to military force.
On June 12, 1987, Reagan challenged Gorbachev to go further with his reforms and democratization by tearing down the Berlin Wall. In a speech at the Brandenburg Gate next to the wall, Reagan stated:
While the aging communist European leaders kept their states in the grip of "normalization", Gorbachev's reformist policies in the Soviet Union exposed how a once revolutionary Communist Party of the Soviet Union had become moribund at the very center of the system. Facing declining revenues due to declining oil prices and rising expenditures related to the arms race and the command economy, the Soviet Union was forced during the 1980s to take on significant amounts of debt from the Western banking sector. The growing public disapproval of the Soviet–Afghan War, and the socio-political effects of the Chernobyl accident in Ukraine increased public support for these policies. By the spring of 1989, the USSR had not only experienced lively media debate, but had also held its first multi-candidate elections. For the first time in recent history, the force of liberalization was spreading from West to East.
Revolt spreads through Communist Europe
Grassroots organizations, such as Poland's Solidarity movement, rapidly gained ground with strong popular bases. In February 1989 the Polish People's Republic opened talks with opposition, known as the Polish Round Table Agreement, which allowed elections with participation of anti-Communist parties in June 1989.
The initially inconspicuous opening of a border gate of the Iron Curtain between Austria and Hungary in August 1989 then triggered a chain reaction, at the end of which the German Democratic Republic no longer existed and the Eastern Bloc had disintegrated. The idea for the Pan-European Picnic came from Otto von Habsburg and was intended as a test of whether the Soviet Union would react when the iron curtain was opened. The Pan-European Union Austria then advertised with leaflets in Hungary to make East Germans aware of the possibility of escape. The result of the greatest mass exodus since the building of the Berlin Wall and the non-reaction of the Eastern bloc states showed the oppressed population that their governments had lost absolute power. Subsequently, large numbers of East German refugees attempted to flee through Hungary and the weak reactions showed that the communist leaders lost even more power.
Also in 1989 the Communist government in Hungary started to negotiate organizing of competitive elections which took place in 1990. In Czechoslovakia and East Germany, mass protests unseated entrenched Communist leaders. The Communist regimes in Bulgaria and Romania also crumbled, in the latter case as the result of a violent uprising. Attitudes had changed enough that US Secretary of State James Baker suggested that the American government would not be opposed to Soviet intervention in Romania, on behalf of the opposition, to prevent bloodshed. The tidal wave of change culminated with the fall of the Berlin Wall in November 1989, which symbolized the collapse of European Communist governments and graphically ended the Iron Curtain divide of Europe.
The collapse of the Eastern European governments with Gorbachev's tacit consent inadvertently encouraged several Soviet republics to seek greater independence from Moscow's rule. Agitation for independence in the Baltic states led to first Lithuania, and then Estonia and Latvia, declaring their independence. Disaffection in the other republics was met by promises of greater decentralization. More open elections led to the election of candidates opposed to Communist Party rule.
In an attempt to halt the rapid changes to the system, a group of Soviet hard-liners represented by Vice-president Gennady Yanayev launched a coup overthrowing Gorbachev in August 1991. Russian President Boris Yeltsin rallied the people and much of the army against the coup and the effort collapsed. Although restored to power, Gorbachev's authority had been irreparably undermined. In September, the Baltic states were granted independence. On December 1, Ukraine withdrew from the USSR. On December 26, 1991, the USSR officially dissolved, breaking up into fifteen separate nations.
End of the Cold War
After the end of the Revolutions of 1989, Gorbachev and President Bush Sr. met on the neutral island of Malta to discuss the events of the year, the withdrawal of the Soviet military from Eastern Europe, and the future course of their relationship. After their discussions, the two leaders publicly announced they would work together for German reunification, the normalization of relations, the resolution of Third World conflicts, and the promotion of peace and democracy (referred to by President Bush as a "New World Order".)
Between the Malta Summit and the Dissolution of the Soviet Union negotiations on several arms control agreements began, resulting in agreements such as START I and the Chemical Weapons Convention. Additionally, the United States, still believing the Soviet Union would continue to exist in the long term, began to take steps to create a positive long-term relationship.
This new relationship was demonstrated by the joint American-Soviet opposition to Iraq's invasion of Kuwait. The Soviet Union voted in the United Nations Security Council in favor of Resolution 678 authorizing the use of military force against its former Middle Eastern ally.
Several conflicts in third world nations (i.e. Cambodia, Angola, Nicaragua) related to the Cold War would come to an end during this era of cooperation, with both the Soviet Union and the United States working together to pressure their respective proxies to make peace with one another. Overall, this détente which accompanied the final twilight of the Cold War would help bring about a relatively more peaceful world.
As a consequence of the Revolutions of 1989 and the adoption of a foreign policy based on non-interference by the Soviet Union, the Warsaw Pact was dissolved and Soviet troops began withdrawing back to the Soviet Union, completing their withdrawal by the mid-1990s.
The United States had established a complex global presence by the 1990s and policymakers felt that some structure to explain the "threats, interests and priories" that guide foreign policy was needed, but there was no agreement how to proceed. Anthony Lake has said that attempts at doctrine making during this period risked introducing "neo-know-nothing" isolationism or what he termed "irrational" ideas. The goal then of Bush Sr. and Clinton during their terms in office was to develop foreign policy objectives that would support consensus rather than accelerate fragmentation inside America's sphere of influence.
Causes
Scholars have pointed to materialist and ideational reasons for the end of the Cold War. Materialists emphasize Soviet economic difficulties (such as economic stagnation and sovereign debt), whereas ideationalists argue that the worldviews and personas of Gorbachev and Reagan mattered. Ideationalists point to a Gorbachev and Reagan's mutual desire to abolish nuclear weapons, as well as Gorbachev's perceptions of the legitimate ends and means of foreign policy.
Legacy
Countries such as the Czech Republic, Estonia, Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, and Slovakia experienced economic reconstruction, growth and fast integration with EU and NATO while some of their eastern neighbors created hybrids of free market oligarchy system, post-communist corrupted administration and dictatorship.
Russia and some other Soviet successor states faced a chaotic and harsh transition from a command economy to free market capitalism following the dissolution of the Soviet Union. A large percentage of the population lived in poverty, GDP growth declined, and life expectancy dropped sharply. Living conditions also declined in some other parts of the former Eastern bloc.
The post–Cold War era saw a period of unprecedented prosperity in the West, especially in the United States, and a wave of democratization throughout Latin America, Africa, and Central, South-East and Eastern Europe.
Sociologist Immanuel Wallerstein expresses a less triumphalist view, arguing that the end of the Cold War is a prelude to the breakdown of Pax Americana. In his essay "Pax Americana is Over," Wallerstein argues, “The collapse of communism in effect signified the collapse of liberalism, removing the only ideological justification behind US hegemony, a justification tacitly supported by liberalism’s ostensible ideological opponent.”
Space exploration has petered out in both the United States and Russia without the competitive pressure of the space race. Military decorations have become more common, as they were created, and bestowed, by the major powers during the near 50 years of undeclared hostilities.
Timeline of related events
1985
January 20, 1985 – Ronald Reagan is sworn in for a second term as President of the United States
March 10, 1985 – General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union Konstantin Chernenko dies
March 11, 1985 – Soviet Politburo member Mikhail Gorbachev becomes the General Secretary of the Communist Party
March 24, 1985 – Major Arthur D. Nicholson, a US Army Military Intelligence officer is shot to death by a Soviet sentry in East Germany. He is listed as the last US casualty in the Cold War.
1986
February 22–25, 1986 - People Power Revolution successfully overthrows Ferdinand Marcos in the Philippines
April 26, 1986 - The Chernobyl Disaster
1987
January 1987 – Gorbachev introduces the policy of demokratizatsiya in the Soviet Union
January 27, 1987 – The United States recognizes the independence of Mongolia and establishes diplomatic relations.
March 4, 1987 – In a televised address, Reagan takes full responsibility for the Iran–Contra affair.
June 12, 1987 – "Tear down this wall" speech by Reagan in West Berlin
June 29, 1987 – June Struggle in South Korea
July 15, 1987 – The Republic of China ends 38 years of martial law
November 15, 1987 – Brașov rebellion in Romania
December 8, 1987 – The Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces Treaty is signed in Washington, D.C.
1988
February 12, 1988 – Hostile rendezvous off coast of Crimea in Black Sea when the Soviet frigate Bezzavetnyy rammed the American missile cruiser USS Yorktown
February 20, 1988 – The regional soviet of Nagorno-Karabakh in Azerbaijan decides to be part of Armenia, but the Kremlin refuses to do it. The subsequent First Nagorno-Karabakh War would be the first of the internal conflicts in the Soviet Union that would become the post-Soviet separatist conflicts.
August 8, 1988 – 8888 Uprising in Burma
August 17, 1988 – Pakistani president Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq dies
August 20, 1988 – End of Iran–Iraq War
September 17, 1988 – Summer Olympics in Seoul, South Korea; first time since 1976 that both Soviet Union and the United States participate; it is also the last Olympic Games for the Soviet Union and its satellite states
October 5, 1988 – Chilean dictator Augusto Pinochet is defeated in a nationwide referendum
December 21, 1988 - Pan Am Flight 103 bombing
1989
January 7, 1989 - Japanese Emperor Hirohito dies, he was succeeded by his son Akihito.
January 20, 1989 – George H. W. Bush becomes president of the United States
February 1989 – End of Soviet–Afghan War; continuation of internal conflict without Soviet troops
June 3, 1989 – Iranian leader Ayatollah Khomeini dies
June 4, 1989 – Tiananmen Square protests of 1989 in Beijing, People's Republic of China
June 4, 1989 – Solidarity's decisive victory in the first partially free parliamentary elections in post-war Poland sparks off a succession of anti-communist Revolutions of 1989 across Central, later South-East and Eastern Europe
August 14, 1989 – South African president Pieter Willem Botha resigns in reaction to the implementation of Tripartite Accord
August 19, 1989 – The opening of the border gate between Austria and Hungary at the Pan-European Picnic set in motion a chain reaction, at the end of which there was no longer a GDR and the Eastern Bloc had disintegrated
August 23, 1989 – Soviet Politburo member Alexander Yakovlev denounces the secret protocols of the Hitler-Stalin Pact
August 24, 1989 – Tadeusz Mazowiecki becomes the Prime Minister of Poland forming the first non-communist government in the Communist bloc
October 23, 1989 – End of Communism in Hungary
November 9, 1989 – Fall of the Berlin Wall
November 24, 1989 – Communist Party of Czechoslovakia leaders resign during the Velvet Revolution, effectively ending one-party rule in that country
December 2–3, 1989 – Malta Summit between Bush and Gorbachev, who said, "I assured the President of the United States that I will never start a hot war against the USA."
December 10, 1989 – Czechoslovak President Gustáv Husák's resignation amounted to the fall of the Communist regime in Czechoslovakia, leaving Ceaușescu's Romania as the only remaining hard-line Communist regime in the Warsaw Pact.
December 25, 1989 – Execution of Nicolae Ceauşescu during the Romanian Revolution against Communist Party rule
December 29, 1989 – Václav Havel assumes the presidency of Czechoslovakia at the conclusion of Velvet Revolution
December 30, 1989 – The Securitate, the secret police of Romania, is dissolved.
1990
January 13, 1990 – The Stasi, the secret police of East Germany, is dissolved.
January 22, 1990 - the League of Communists of Yugoslavia, the ruling party of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, is dissolved during its congress, ending the one party system in the country.
February 1, 1990 – StB, the secret police of Czechoslovakia is dissolved.
March 15, 1990 – Inauguration of Gorbachev as the first President of the Soviet Union
April 12, 1990 - The Socialist Republic of Slovenia within Yugoslavia holds its first multi-party elections
April 22–23 and May 6–7, 1990 - the Socialist Republic of Croatia within Yugoslavia holds its first multi-party elections
April 25, 1990 – Violeta Chamorro is sworn in as president of Nicaragua, ending the Sandinista rule and the Contras insurgency
May 22, 1990 – South and North Yemens are unified
June 8. 1990- the Message from Turnberry, described as the "first official recognition of the end of the Cold War", is issued
July 5–6, 1990 – NATO holds its 11th summit in London.
July 13, 1990 – The 28th Congress of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union announces the end of its monopoly of power
August 2, 1990 – Beginning of Gulf War
September 9, 1990 – Helsinki Summit between Bush and Gorbachev
September 12, 1990 – The Treaty on the Final Settlement with Respect to Germany is signed in Moscow
October 3, 1990 – Official reunification of Germany
November 6, 1990 – Hungary become the first Soviet Bloc country to join the Council of Europe
November 11, 1990 - The Socialist Republic of Macedonia within Yugoslavia holds its first multi-party elections
November 18, 1990 - The Socialist Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina within Yugoslavia holds its first multiparty elections
November 19, 1990 – NATO and Warsaw Pact sign the Treaty on Conventional Armed Forces in Europe
November 28, 1990 – Margaret Thatcher falls from power as UK Prime Minister; John Major takes office
December 9, 1990 - The Socialist Republic of Montenegro within Yugoslavia holds its first multi-party elections
December 9–23, 1990 - The Socialist Republic of Serbia within Yugoslavia holds its first multi-party elections
December 22, 1990 – Lech Wałęsa becomes president of Poland; Polish government-in-exile ends
December 23, 1990 - Slovenia holds an independence referendum resulting in a majority of Slovenians voting in favour of Slovenia seeking independence from Yugoslavia
1991
January 1991 – Money transfers from the Czech Republic budget to the Slovak Republic are stopped, beginning the process that would lead to Velvet Divorce
February 28, 1991 – End of Gulf War
March 3, 1991 – Estonia and Latvia hold an independence referendum with a majority voting to restore independence.
March 31, 1991 – Georgia holds an independence referendum resulting in a majority of Georgians voting in favour of Georgia becoming independent from the Soviet Union.
May 1, 1991 – The Republic of China abolishes the Temporary Provisions against the Communist Rebellion which was in place during the Chinese Civil War
May 19, 1991 - Croatia holds an independence referendum resulting in a majority of Croatians voting in favour of Croatia seeking independence from Yugoslavia
May 29, 1991 – End of Eritrean War of Independence in Ethiopia
June 27, 1991 – Beginning of the Yugoslav Wars in Slovenia
June 28, 1991 – Comecon is dissolved.
July 1, 1991 – The Warsaw Pact is dissolved.
July 10, 1991 – Boris Yeltsin becomes president of Russia
July 31, 1991 – Ratification of START I treaty between United States and the Soviet Union
August 19, 1991 – Start of the Soviet Union coup d'état attempt
August 21, 1991 – The Soviet Union coup d'état is dissolved.
August 24, 1991 – Gorbachev resigns from the post of General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union
September 6, 1991 – The Soviet Union recognizes the independence of the Baltic States
September 8, 1991 - The Republic of Macedonia holds an independence referendum resulting in a majority of Macedonians voting in favour of Macedonia seeking independence from Yugoslavia
September 21, 1991 – Armenia holds an independence referendum resulting in a majority of Armenians voting in favour of Armenia becoming independent from the Soviet Union.
October 26, 1991 – Turkmenistan holds an independence referendum resulting in a majority of voting in favour of Turkmenistan becoming independent of the Soviet Union.
November 6, 1991 – The Communist Party of the Soviet Union and the Soviet KGB are dissolved.
November 7–8, 1991 – NATO holds its 12th summit in Rome.
December 8, 1991 – The Belavezha Accords are signed by the leaders of Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic, Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic and Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic, sealing the dissolution of the Soviet Union and the creation of CIS
December 25, 1991 – Gorbachev resigns as President of the Soviet Union and the post is abolished; the red Soviet flag is lowered from the Moscow Kremlin, and in its place the flag of the Russian Federation is raised.
December 26, 1991 – The Supreme Soviet dissolves the Soviet Union.
See also
History of the Soviet Union (1982–1991)
History of the United States (1980–1991)
Post-Communism
Reagan Doctrine
Solidarity
Timeline of events in the Cold War
Footnotes
Further reading
Ball, S. J. The Cold War: An International History, 1947–1991 (1998). British perspective
Beschloss, Michael, and Strobe Talbott. At the Highest Levels:The Inside Story of the End of the Cold War (1993)
Braithwaite, Rodric et al. "Could the Soviet Union Have Survived? We ask four historians whether the demise of one of the 20th century's superpowers was as inevitable as it now seems." History Today (Oct 2020) 70#10 pp 8–10 [online].
Brooks, Stephen G., and William C. Wohlforth. "Power, globalization, and the end of the Cold War: Reevaluating a landmark case for ideas." International Security 25.3 (2001): 5-53. [online]
Engel, Jeffrey A. When the World Seemed New: George H. W. Bush and the End of the Cold War (2017)
Gaddis, John Lewis. The Cold War: A New History (2005) online
Gaddis, John Lewis. The United States and the End of the Cold War: Implications, Reconsiderations, Provocations (1992) online
Garthoff, Raymond. The Great Transition: American-Soviet Relations and the End of the Cold War (1994) online
Goertz, Gary and Jack S. Levy, eds. Causal explanations, necessary conditions, and case studies: World War I and the End of the Cold War (2005), 10 essays from political scientists; online
Hogan, Michael, ed. The End of the Cold War. Its Meaning and Implications (1992) articles from Diplomatic History
Kalinovsky, Artemy M. "New Histories of the End of the Cold War and the Late Twentieth Century." Contemporary European History 27.1 (2018): 149–161. online
Kegley Jr, Charles W. "How did the cold war die? Principles for an autopsy." Mershon International Studies Review 38.Supplement_1 (1994): 11–41. online
Kenney, Padraic. 1989: Democratic Revolutions at the Cold War's End: A Brief History with Documents (2009) covers Poland, the Philippines, Chile, South Africa, Ukraine, and China
Leffler, Melvyn P. For the Soul of Mankind: The United States, the Soviet Union, and the Cold War (2007) pp 338–450.
Mann, James. The Rebellion of Ronald Reagan: A History of the End of the Cold War (2010). popular
Matlock, Jack F. Autopsy on an Empire (1995) online by US ambassador to Moscow
Matlock, Jack F. Reagan and Gorbachev : how the Cold War ended (2004) online
Powaski, Ronald E. The Cold War: The United States and the Soviet Union, 1917–1991 (1998)
Romero, Federico. "Cold War historiography at the crossroads." Cold War History 14.4 (2014): 685–703. online
Shultz, George P. Turmoil and Triumph: My Years as Secretary of State (1993), a primary source
Westad, Odd Arne. The Cold War: A World History (2017) pp 527–629
Wilson, James Graham. The Triumph of Improvisation: Gorbachev's Adaptability, Reagan's Engagement, and the End of the Cold War (2014)
Wohlforth, William C. "Realism and the End of the Cold War." International Security 19.3 (1994): 91–129. online
Zubok, Vladislav M. "Gorbachev and the End of the Cold War: Perspectives on History and Personality," Cold War History (2002) 2:2, 61–100, DOI: 10.1080/713999954
Zubok, Vladislav M. A failed empire: the Soviet Union in the Cold War from Stalin to Gorbachev (2009). online
External links
Cold War International History Project: The End of the Cold War
Cold War Files: The End of the Cold War
Jeffrey W. Knopf "Did Reagan Win the Cold War?"
Cold War Air Museum: Aircraft from this period of the Cold War
Cold War by period
1985 in international relations
1986 in international relations
1987 in international relations
1988 in international relations
1989 in international relations
1990 in international relations
1991 in international relations
Articles containing video clips
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Structure%20from%20motion
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Structure from motion
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Structure from motion (SfM) is a photogrammetric range imaging technique for estimating three-dimensional structures from two-dimensional image sequences that may be coupled with local motion signals. It is studied in the fields of computer vision and visual perception. In biological vision, SfM refers to the phenomenon by which humans (and other living creatures) can recover 3D structure from the projected 2D (retinal) motion field of a moving object or scene.
Principle
Humans perceive a great deal of information about the three-dimensional structure in their environment by moving around it. When the observer moves, objects around them move different amounts depending on their distance from the observer. This is known as motion parallax, and from this depth information can be used to generate an accurate 3D representation of the world around them.
Finding structure from motion presents a similar problem to finding structure from stereo vision. In both instances, the correspondence between images and the reconstruction of 3D object needs to be found.
To find correspondence between images, features such as corner points (edges with gradients in multiple directions) are tracked from one image to the next. One of the most widely used feature detectors is the scale-invariant feature transform (SIFT). It uses the maxima from a difference-of-Gaussians (DOG) pyramid as features. The first step in SIFT is finding a dominant gradient direction. To make it rotation-invariant, the descriptor is rotated to fit this orientation. Another common feature detector is the SURF (speeded-up robust features). In SURF, the DOG is replaced with a Hessian matrix-based blob detector. Also, instead of evaluating the gradient histograms, SURF computes for the sums of gradient components and the sums of their absolute values. Its usage of integral images allows the features to be detected extremely quickly with high detection rate. Therefore, comparing to SIFT, SURF is a faster feature detector with drawback of less accuracy in feature positions.
Another type of feature recently made practical for structure from motion are general curves (e.g., locally an edge with gradients in one direction), part of a technology known as pointless SfM, useful when point features are insufficient, common in man-made environments.
The features detected from all the images will then be matched. One of the matching algorithms that track features from one image to another is the Lucas–Kanade tracker.
Sometimes some of the matched features are incorrectly matched. This is why the matches should also be filtered. RANSAC (random sample consensus) is the algorithm that is usually used to remove the outlier correspondences. In the paper of Fischler and Bolles, RANSAC is used to solve the location determination problem (LDP), where the objective is to determine the points in space that project onto an image into a set of landmarks with known locations.
The feature trajectories over time are then used to reconstruct their 3D positions and the camera's motion.
An alternative is given by so-called direct approaches, where geometric information (3D structure and camera motion) is directly estimated from the images, without intermediate abstraction to features or corners.
There are several approaches to structure from motion. In incremental SFM, camera poses are solved for and added one by one to the collection. In global SFM, the poses of all cameras are solved for at the same time. A somewhat intermediate approach is out-of-core SFM, where several partial reconstructions are computed that are then integrated into a global solution.
Applications
Geosciences
Structure-from-motion photogrammetry with multi-view stereo provides hyperscale landform models using images acquired from a range of digital cameras and optionally a network of ground control points. The technique is not limited in temporal frequency and can provide point cloud data comparable in density and accuracy to those generated by terrestrial and airborne laser scanning at a fraction of the cost. Structure from motion is also useful in remote or rugged environments where terrestrial laser scanning is limited by equipment portability and airborne laser scanning is limited by terrain roughness causing loss of data and image foreshortening. The technique has been applied in many settings such as rivers, badlands, sandy coastlines, fault zones, landslides, and coral reef settings. SfM has been also successfully applied for the assessment of large wood accumulation volume and porosity in fluvial systems, as well as for the characterization of rock masses through the determination of some properties as the orientation, persistence, etc. of discontinuities. A full range of digital cameras can be utilized, including digital SLR's, compact digital cameras and even smart phones. Generally though, higher accuracy data will be achieved with more expensive cameras, which include lenses of higher optical quality. The technique therefore offers exciting opportunities to characterize surface topography in unprecedented detail and, with multi-temporal data, to detect elevation, position and volumetric changes that are symptomatic of earth surface processes. Structure from motion can be placed in the context of other digital surveying methods.
Cultural heritage
Cultural heritage is present everywhere. Its structural control, documentation and conservation is one of humanity's main duties (UNESCO). Under this point of view, SfM is used in order to properly estimate situations as well as planning and maintenance efforts and costs, control and restoration. Because serious constraints often exist connected to the accessibility of the site and impossibility to install invasive surveying pillars that did not permit the use of traditional surveying routines (like total stations), SfM provides a non-invasive approach for the structure, without the direct interaction between the structure and any operator. The use is accurate as only qualitative considerations are needed. It is fast enough to respond to the monument’s immediate management needs.
The first operational phase is an accurate preparation of the photogrammetric surveying where is established the relation between best distance from the object, focal length, the ground sampling distance (GSD) and the sensor’s resolution. With this information the programmed photographic acquisitions must be made using vertical overlapping of at least 60% (figure 02).
Furthermore, structure-from-motion photogrammetry represents a non-invasive, highly flexible and low-cost methodology to digitalize historical documents.
See also
3D reconstruction from multiple images
Bundle adjustment
Comparison of photogrammetry software
Computer stereo vision
Epipolar geometry
Kinetic depth effect
Match moving
Motion field
Motion parallax
Semi-global matching
Simultaneous localization and mapping
Stereophotogrammetry
Tomasi–Kanade factorization
2D to 3D conversion
Further reading
Jonathan L. Carrivick, Mark W. Smith, Duncan J. Quincey (2016). Structure from Motion in the Geosciences. Wiley-Blackwell. 208 pages.
References
Geometry in computer vision
Emerging technologies
3D imaging
Photogrammetry
Motion in computer vision
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epiblast
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Epiblast
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In amniote embryonic development, the epiblast (also known as the primitive ectoderm) is one of two distinct cell layers arising from the inner cell mass in the mammalian blastocyst, or from the blastula in reptiles and birds. It derives the embryo proper through its differentiation into the three primary germ layers, ectoderm, mesoderm and endoderm, during gastrulation. The amnionic ectoderm and extraembryonic mesoderm also originate from the epiblast.
The other layer of the inner cell mass, the hypoblast, gives rise to the yolk sac, which in turn gives rise to the chorion.
Discovery of the epiblast
The epiblast was first discovered by Christian Heinrich Pander (1794-1865), a Baltic German biologist and embryologist. With the help of anatomist Ignaz Döllinger (1770–1841) and draftsman Eduard Joseph d'Alton (1772-1840), Pander observed thousands of chicken eggs under a microscope, and ultimately discovered and described the chicken blastoderm and its structures, including the epiblast. He published these findings in Beiträge zur Entwickelungsgeschichte des Hühnchens im Eye. Other early embryologists that studied the epiblast and blastoderm include Karl Ernst von Baer (1792-1876) and Wilhelm His (1831-1904).
Mammals
In mammalian embryogenesis, differentiation and segregation of cells composing the inner cell mass of the blastocyst yields two distinct layers—the epiblast ("primitive ectoderm") and the hypoblast ("primitive endoderm"). While the cuboidal hypoblast cells delaminate ventrally, away from the embryonic pole, to line the blastocoele, the remaining cells of the inner cell mass, situated between the hypoblast and the polar trophoblast, become the epiblast and comprise columnar cells.
In the mouse, primordial germ cells are specified from epiblast cells. This specification is accompanied by extensive epigenetic reprogramming that involves global DNA demethylation, chromatin reorganization and imprint erasure leading to totipotency. The DNA base excision repair pathway has a central role in the process of genome-wide demethylation.
Upon commencement of gastrulation, the primitive streak, a visible, morphological linear band of cells, appears on the posterior epiblast and orients along the anterior-posterior embryo axis. Initiated by signals from the underlying hypoblast, formation of the primitive streak is predicated on epiblast cell migration, mediated by Nodal, from the lateral-posterior regions of the epiblast to the center midline. The primitive node is situated at the anterior end of the primitive streak and serves as the organizer for gastrulation, determining epiblast cell fate by inducing the differentiation of migrating epiblast cells during gastrulation.
During gastrulation, migrating epiblast cells undergo epithelial-mesenchymal transition in order to lose cell-cell adhesion (E-cadherin), delaminate from the epiblast layer and migrate over the dorsal surface of the epiblast then down through the primitive streak. The first wave of epiblast cells to invaginate through the primitive streak invades and displaces the hypoblast to become the embryonic endoderm. The mesoderm layer is established next as migrating epiblast cells move through the primitive streak then spread out within the space between the endoderm and remaining epiblast, which once the mesoderm layer has formed ultimately becomes the definitive ectoderm. The process of gastrulation results in a trilaminar germ disc, consisting of the ectoderm, mesoderm and endoderm layers.
Epiblast diversity
Epiblasts exhibit diverse structure across species as a result of early embryo morphogenesis. The human epiblast assumes a disc shape, conforming to the embryonic disc morphology; whereas, the mouse epiblast develops in a cup shape within the cylindrical embryo.
During implantation of the blastocyst, both the human and mouse epiblasts form a rosette shape in a process called polarization. Polarization results from the interaction between the mammalian blastocyst and β1-integrin from the extracellular matrix, produced from the extra-embryonic tissues. At this stage, both human and mouse epiblasts consist of a pseudostratified columnar epithelium. Shortly after, the human epiblast will assume a disc shape while the amniotic cavity forms. The epiblast cells adjacent to the trophoblast are specified to become amnion cells. The mouse epiblast transitions from a rosette structure to a cup. A pro-amniotic cavity forms, surrounded by the epiblast cup fused to extraembryonic ectoderm. Mouse epiblast cells are not specified to amnion cell fate.
Birds
Gastrulation occurs in the epiblast of avian embryos. A local thickening of the epiblast, known as Koller's sickle, is key in inducing the primitive streak, the structure through which gastrulation occurs.
Studies on chick embryos have shown that mediolateral cell intercalation occurs before gastrulation. The intercalation event is guided by fibroblast growth factors from the hypoblast. It is suggested that the evolution of the amniote primitive streak from the blastopore was due to the acquisition of the mediolateral intercalation event, which positions the primitive streak and acts independently of mesendoderm formation.
Reptiles
Ancestors of Amniotes (mammals, birds, reptiles) underwent gastrulation primarily by an infolding of the epiblast layer (involution). Mammals and birds have evolved to rely on ingression during gastrulation where epiblast cells converge at the midline and ingress at the primitive streak. Reptile gastrulation differs slightly from birds and mammals. Reptiles exhibit bi-modal gastrulation during embryogenesis and lack a primitive streak. Bi-modal gastrulation is characterized by involution of the cells in the anterior and lateral regions of the blastopore and ingression of the cells of the blastopore plate in the posterior region. Analogies between the blastopore plate and primitive streak suggest the blastopore plate was a precursor to the mammalian and avian primitive streak.
See also
Embryogenesis
Human embryogenesis
Hypoblast
References
Embryology
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3993691
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/61st%20World%20Science%20Fiction%20Convention
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61st World Science Fiction Convention
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The 61st World Science Fiction Convention (Worldcon), also known as Torcon 3, was held on 28 August–1 September 2003 at the Metro Toronto Convention Centre and the Fairmont Royal York and Crowne Plaza (now the InterContinental Toronto Centre) hotels in Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
This convention was also the 2003 Canvention, and therefore presented the Prix Aurora Awards.
Participants
Guests of Honour
George R. R. Martin (pro)
Frank Kelly Freas (artist), unable to attend due to illness
Mike Glyer (fan)
Spider Robinson (toastmaster)
Robert Bloch (GoHst of honor)
Other notable programme participants
Awards
2003 Hugo Awards
This was the first time that the 'Best Dramatic Presentation, Long Form' and 'Best Dramatic Presentation, Short Form' awards were presented as separate categories.
Best Novel: Hominids by Robert J. Sawyer
Best Novella: Coraline by Neil Gaiman
Best Novelette: "Slow Life" by Michael Swanwick
Best Short Story: "Falling Onto Mars" by Geoffrey A. Landis
Best Related Book: Better to Have Loved: The Life of Judith Merril by Judith Merril and Emily Pohl-Weary
Best Dramatic Presentation, Long Form: The Lord of the Rings: The Two Towers
Best Dramatic Presentation, Short Form: "Conversations with Dead People", Buffy the Vampire Slayer
Best Professional Editor: Gardner Dozois
Best Professional Artist: Bob Eggleton
Best Semiprozine: Locus
Best Fanzine: Mimosa
Best Fan Writer: David Langford
Best Fan Artist: Sue Mason
Prix Aurora Awards
This Worldcon being also the 2003 Canvention, it awarded the Prix Aurora Awards. They are given out annually for the best Canadian science fiction and fantasy literary works, artworks, and fan activities from that year, and are awarded in both English and French.
Best Long-Form Work in English: Permanence by Karl Schroeder
Best Long-Form Work in French: Le Revenant de Fomalhaut by Jean-Louis Trudel
Best Short-Form Work in English: "Ineluctable" by Robert J. Sawyer
Best Short-Form Work in French: "La Guerre sans temps", Sylvie Bérard
Best Work in English (other): Be VERY Afraid! by Edo van Belkom
Artistic Achievement: Mel Vavaroutsos
Fan Achievement (publication): Made in Canada Newsletter, webzine, edited by Don Bassie
Fan Achievement (organizational): Georgina Miles (Toronto Trek 16)
Fan Achievement (other): Jason Taniguchi, one-man SF parody shows
Other awards
John W. Campbell Award for Best New Writer: Wen Spencer
Future site selection
Two site selection votes were held at Torcon 3.
Los Angeles, California won the vote for the 64th World Science Fiction Convention in 2006.
Seattle, Washington won the vote for the 8th North American Science Fiction Convention in 2005.
Committee
Chair: Peter Jarvis
Vice-chair: Ken Smookler
Division heads
Programming: Terry Fong
Finance/Legal: Larry Hancock, Ken Smookler
Facilities: Murray Moore
Operations: Robbie Bourget
Events: Kathryn Grimbly-Bethke
Exhibits: Elaine Brennan
Communications: Michelle Boyce
Administration: Kent Bloom
Member Services: Lance Sibley
Board of directors
President: Ken Smookler
Directors: Peter Jarvis, Larry Hancock, Murray Moore, Jody Dix, Linda Ross-Mansfield, Hope Leibowitz
Bid
Bid Chair: Larry Hancock
See also
Hugo Award
Science fiction
Speculative fiction
World Science Fiction Society
Worldcon
References
External links
Official website
2003 conferences
2003 in Toronto
Science fiction conventions in Canada
Worldcon
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5386704
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lampson%20Field
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Lampson Field
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Lampson Field is a public airport located three miles (4.8 km) south of the town of Lakeport, in Lake County, California, United States.
Features of the airport include 4.0 degree precision approach path indicator (PAPI) lights on runway 28, pilot controlled lighting, and an automated weather observing system (AWOS).
The airport covers and has one double sided runway.
See also
List of airports in California
References
Airport Master Record (FAA Form 5010), also available as a printable form (PDF)
County of Lake - Public Works - Airport
External links
Lake County Airmen's Association
Airports in California
Buildings and structures in Lake County, California
Transportation in Lake County, California
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3993697
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MP3%20SX
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MP3 SX
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mp3 SX (Stereo eXtended) is a program that allows users to upgrade mp3 stereo files to MP3 Surround files.
mp3 SX analyzes the existing natural ambience of the stereo material and plays it back through the rear channels. The sound sources remain in the front channels, but are played back through the left, center, and right channel, providing a stable front image even for off-sweet-spot listening.
The mp3 SX program preserves the original stereo sound stage, creating additional surround envelopment, with only 15 kB/s additional information.
Using this program, Radio Classique, a French classical music station has been streaming its programming using 5.1 surround sound on the web.
References
External links
Alive and Kicking – mp3 Software, Patents and Licenses, May 18, 2017
MP3
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3993706
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Sacred%20Armour%20of%20Antiriad
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The Sacred Armour of Antiriad
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The Sacred Armour of Antiriad is an action-adventure game published by Palace Software in 1986 for Amstrad CPC, Commodore 64, IBM PC compatibles, TRS-80, and ZX Spectrum. In North America, the game was published by Epyx as Rad Warrior. The original game came with a 16-page comic book created by graphic artist Daniel Malone. The game is an early example of the Metroidvania genre, being developed without knowledge of and concurrently with Metroid.
Plot
In 2086, civilization destroys itself in a nuclear Armageddon, as two factions who both develop an anti-radiation battlesuit completely immune to conventional weapons go to war against each other when diplomatic peace talks break down. In the following millennia, the survivors develop into a hardy but peaceful race, living a quiet agricultural existence.
One day, mysterious alien forces emerge from an old volcano containing a pre-war military base and attack, quickly conquering and enslaving the new breed of humans, and forcing the populace to work in mines. Many rebel against the mysterious overlords and one of these rebels, Tal, is instructed by his elders to seek out a legendary armoured suit - the Sacred Armour of Antiriad (the last word being a corruption of "anti-radiation"), which is in fact one of the pre-war battlesuits whose development originally instigated the diplomatic crisis that started the nuclear war. This armour is rumoured to render the wearer impervious to attack and, with its help, Tal hopes to defeat and overthrow the alien rulers of Earth.
However, the armour requires other equipment to be added to it in order to make it function fully. These include anti-gravity boots, a particle negator, a pulsar beam, and an implosion mine. The last add-on is the most important as it is the one needed to destroy the volcano the enemy uses as its base.
Gameplay
The Sacred Armour of Antiriad is a mixture of a platform and maze game. The player controls Tal who, at the start, is simply a man dressed in a loincloth with thrown rocks as his only weapon. Later, he can find the legendary "Antiriad" armour and wear it to activate his status panel at the bottom of the screen which shows both Tal and the suit's strength, his remaining lives and in-game messages among other things.
The game environment contains dangerous creatures and the minions of the overlords. Tal can defend himself from these hostile beings by throwing rocks at them when out of the suit and by using the suit's beam-weapon capabilities once he has located and installed the necessary equipment to the Antiriad armour.
Tal also needs to find and collect additions to the armour in order to allow it to fly, shoot etc. Tal can use the suit to explore the game area but will occasionally need to leave it to collect power rechargers for the suit, should it come under too much attack (the suit cannot be destroyed but its power can be depleted).
References
External links
Images of Commodore 64 box and manual at C64Sets.com
Crash magazine review from 1986
1986 video games
Action-adventure games
Amstrad CPC games
Apple II games
Commodore 64 games
DOS games
MSX games
Post-apocalyptic video games
Single-player video games
TRS-80 Color Computer games
Video games scored by Richard Joseph
Video games developed in the United Kingdom
ZX Spectrum games
Metroidvania games
Video games set in the 2080s
Epyx games
Alien invasions in video games
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3993712
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ALPAC
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ALPAC
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ALPAC (Automatic Language Processing Advisory Committee) was a committee of seven scientists led by John R. Pierce, established in 1964 by the United States government in order to evaluate the progress in computational linguistics in general and machine translation in particular. Its report, issued in 1966, gained notoriety for being very skeptical of research done in machine translation so far, and emphasizing the need for basic research in computational linguistics; this eventually caused the U.S. government to reduce its funding of the topic dramatically.
The ALPAC was set up in April 1964 with John R. Pierce as the chairman.
The committee consisted of:
John R. Pierce, who at the time worked for Bell Telephone Laboratories
John B. Carroll, a psychologist from Harvard University
Eric P. Hamp, a linguist from the University of Chicago
David G. Hays, a Machine Translation researcher from RAND Corporation
Charles F. Hockett, a linguist from Cornell University
Anthony G. Oettinger, a Machine Translation researcher from Harvard University
Alan Perlis, an Artificial Intelligence researcher from Carnegie Institute of Technology
Testimony was heard from:
Paul Garvin of Bunker-Ramo Corporation
Gilbert King of Itek Corporation and previously from IBM
Winfred P. Lehmann from University of Texas
Jules Mersel of Bunker-Ramo Corporation
ALPAC's final recommendations (p. 34) were, therefore, that research should be supported on:
practical methods for evaluation of translations;
means for speeding up the human translation process;
evaluation of quality and cost of various sources of translations;
investigation of the utilization of translations, to guard against production of translations that are never read;
study of delays in the over-all translation process, and means for eliminating them, both in journals and in individual items;
evaluation of the relative speed and cost of various sorts of machine-aided translation;
adaptation of existing mechanized editing and production processes in translation;
the over-all translation process; and
production of adequate reference works for the translator, including the adaptation of glossaries that now exist primarily for automatic dictionary look-up in machine translation
See also
Georgetown-IBM experiment
AN/GSQ-16 ("Automatic Language Translator", system introduced 1959)
History of artificial intelligence
History of machine translation
AI winter
Lighthill Report
References
John R. Pierce, John B. Carroll, et al., Language and Machines — Computers in Translation and Linguistics. ALPAC report, National Academy of Sciences, National Research Council, Washington, DC, 1966.
ALPAC Report , Language and Machines — Computers in Translation and Linguistics. A Report by the Automatic Language Processing Advisory Committee, Washington, DC, 1966
External links
The report accessible on-line
ALPAC: the (in)famous report — summary of the report (PDF)
Computational linguistics
Machine translation
History of artificial intelligence
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3993713
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Garmin%20iQue
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Garmin iQue
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iQue was a line of Garmin devices which combined personal digital assistants (PDA) with integrated Global Positioning System (GPS) receivers. It was discontinued by mid-2008.
Description
The Garmin iQue 3600 was among the first devices to integrate GPS technology into PDA devices. The line included devices running Palm OS and Windows Mobile operating systems. As of June 2008, all iQue products have been discontinued by Garmin and are no longer being supported or repaired by the company.
Integration of address book and date book with GPS location provides convenient ways for turn-by-turn voice guided navigation.
All devices include the Que software, including map display, auto-routing, search for points of interest and addresses in the map database, etc.
All devices have Wide Area Augmentation System (WAAS) and European Geostationary Navigation Overlay Service (EGNOS) abilities.
Popular accessories include external GPS antennas, vehicle mounts, power adaptors and external speakers.
Que software
The Que software provides integration (with address and datebook), navigation and mapping.
QueMap - map display
QueFind - search by various criteria through the database: address, points of interests, cities, services, facilities, etc.
QueGPS - satellite signal display
QueTracks - collects and manages GPS tracks
QueRoutes - routing and voice guidance preferences
QueTurns - turn by turn route guidance, used with automatic routing
QueTrip - statistics
List of products
Palm OS devices
iQue 3600 - Palm OS 5, 480x320 pixel display, voice recorder
iQue 3600a - Similar to an iQue 3600 but designed for aviation use
iQue 3200 - Palm OS 5, 320x320 pixel display, SDIO capable
iQue 3000 - Palm OS 5, 320x320 pixel display, with included 128 MB microSD card
Pocket PC devices
iQue M5 - Windows Mobile 2003 SE, 240x320 pixel display, SDIO/MMC compatible, Bluetooth
iQue M3 - Windows Mobile 2003 SE, 240x320 pixel display, SDIO compatible, 3D mapping
iQue M4 - Windows Mobile 2003 SE, 240x320 pixel display, SDIO compatible, preloaded maps, 3D mapping
Related products
cfQue 1620 - CompactFlash extension for Windows Mobile OS PDAs; discontinued in 2006.
GPS 10 (10R) - Bluetooth GPS receiver, compatible with both Palm PDAs and Pocket PCs, and personal computers running Windows OS.
Garmin Mobile 10 (10X) - Bluetooth GPS receiver that works together with some smartphones including Windows Mobile based, Palm based, BlackBerry and Symbian. This device is about the size of a pager and can be worn on the belt using the belt clip that is provided.
Garmin Mobile 20 (20SM) - Bluetooth GPS receiver that functions as a cradle that a compatible smartphone can sit in. This device requires 12v for power and can only be used in a vehicle with a 12v system. The 20SM comes with various types of power adapters that can charge various types of phones and PDAs.
Competitors
MiTAC
TomTom
Magellan
Lowrance
Sony
External links
Global Positioning System
Palm OS devices
Windows Mobile Classic devices
Personal digital assistant software
Garmin
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3993722
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Network%20Computer%20Reference%20Profile
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Network Computer Reference Profile
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Network Computer Reference Profile (NC reference profile, NCRP) was a specification for a network computer put forward by Oracle Corporation, endorsed by Sun Microsystems, IBM, Apple Computer, and Netscape, and finalized in 1996.
NC1
The first version of this specification was known as the NC1 Reference Profile.
NCRP specified minimum hardware requirements and software protocols. Among the software requirements were support of IP-based protocols (TCP/IP, FTP, etc.), www standards (HTTP, HTML, Java), email protocols, multimedia file formats, security standards. Operating systems used were NCOS or JavaOS.
The minimum hardware requirements were:
minimum screen resolution of 640 x 480 (VGA) or equivalent
pointing device
text input ability
audio output
Although this initial NC standard was intended to promote the diskless workstation model of computing, it did not preclude computers with additional features, such as the ability to operate either as a diskless workstation or a conventional fat client. Thus, an ordinary personal computer (PC) having all the required features, could technically be classified as a Network Computer; indeed, Sun noted that contemporary PCs did indeed meet the NC reference requirements.
StrongARM
The reference profile was subsequently revised to use the StrongARM processor.
Intel
After a trip by Ellison to Acer Group headquarters in 1996, he realised the importance to industry of having products based on Intel (x86-compatible) processors. NCI president Jerry Baker noted that "nobody [corporate users] had ever heard of the ARM chip".
Options
Many NCs operated via protocols such as BOOTP, DHCP, RARP and NFS.
Both for ISP-bound and LAN-based reference implementation NCs, a smartcard option was available. This allowed user authentication to be performed in a secure manner, with SSL providing transport security. The smartcard also provided minimal local storage for ISP dialup configuration settings. This configuration data was not required for LAN-based NCs.
See also
Network Computer, the brand, created by Oracle, for which the NCRP was the specification
References
Network computer (brand)
Networking standards
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3993726
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Hazzards
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The Hazzards
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The Hazzards, formerly known as The Ukes of Hazzard, is an American ukulele-based band, best known for their cult hit single, "Gay Boyfriend".
Founded by Sydney Maresca and Anne Harris after they met at a party in 2000, The Hazzards started out as a ukulele/Casio SK-1/glockenspiel/tambourine duo.
In 2005 three further musicians joined the band, and consists of:
Sydney Maresca
Anne Harris
Will Carlough (drums)
Andrew Dickerson (bass)
Paul Thureen (harp)
The band's biggest hit, "Gay Boyfriend", had an unconventional novelty music video, created for a small internet site, which gained international airplay on MTV and most other music networks, especially in the United Kingdom. It became an internet cult hit with over two million downloads. In November 2003, the Europop remix debuted at #67 on the UK Singles Chart, but left after a week.
The Hazzards also appeared on multiple episodes of the U.S. television program Rad Girls on Fuse.
See also
List of ukulele musicians
References
External links
The Ryantown Gay Boyfriend website
Gay Boyfriend lyrics
The Hazzards' Myspace
The Hazzards' official website
American pop music groups
Ukulele players
Vassar College alumni
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5386715
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mongolian%20Americans
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Mongolian Americans
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Mongolian Americans are American citizens who are of full or partial Mongolian ancestry. The term Mongol American is also used to include ethnic Mongol immigrants from groups outside of Mongolia as well, such as Kalmyks, Buryats, and people from the Inner Mongolia autonomous region of China. Some immigrants came from Mongolia to the United States as early as 1949, spurred by religious persecution in their homeland. However, Mongolian American communities today are composed largely of migrants who arrived in the 1990s and 2000s, as the Socialist Mongolia gradually collapsed and restrictions on emigration were lifted.
Migration history and distribution
The Denver metropolitan area was one of the early focal points for the new wave of Mongolian immigrants. Other communities formed by recent Mongolian immigrants include ones in Chicago, San Francisco, and Washington, D.C. The largest Mongolian-American community in the United States is located in Los Angeles, California.
Colorado
The Mongolian community in Denver originated in 1989, when Djab Burchinow, a Kalmyk American engineer, arranged for three junior engineers from Mongolia to study at the Colorado School of Mines. They were followed by four more students the following year; in 1991, Burchinow also began to urge the Economics Institute at the University of Colorado to admit Mongolian international students. By 1996, the Denver campus of the University of Colorado had set up a program specifically aimed at bringing Mongolian students to the state. The rising number of students coincided with an economic boom and labor shortage in and around Denver, influencing many Mongolian students to stay in Colorado after their graduation, though a significant number did return to Mongolia—and in 2003 formed a Mongolian association of former Coloradan students (their influence may be seen in the name of the street on which the United States embassy in Ulaanbaatar stands: "Denver Street"). , Colorado's Mongolian population was believed to be about 2,000 people, according to the director of a community-run Mongolian language school established by parents worried about the increasing Americanization of their children.
California
Five thousand people of Mongolian origin live in the state of California. As many as 3,000 of these live in the San Francisco Bay Area's East Bay cities of Oakland and San Leandro; they began settling in the area only after 2002, and thus their presence was not noted in the 2000 Census. Many live in predominantly Chinese American and Vietnamese American neighborhoods; tensions arose between these recent immigrants and the older immigrant communities, with occasional violence between Mongolian and other Asian American youths. In one major incident, a Mongolian immigrant girl was shot dead in a confrontation between Southeast Asian and Mongolian youths in an Alameda park on Halloween night in 2007. Four members of the former group were convicted of first-degree murder: three of the boys were tried in juvenile court and sentenced to seven years in prison in 2008, while the shooter was tried as an adult and sentenced to 50 years to life in state prison in 2010.
The Mongolian immigrant population in Los Angeles is estimated at 2,000 people , according to local community leader Batbold Galsansanjaa (1964 - 2012). Batbold Galsansanjaa He had immigrated to America in 1999, with his wife and two children. In 2000, Galsansanjaa established the first Los Angeles Mongolian Community, a nonprofit organization, and later guided over 2,000 Mongolian immigrants with advice on obtaining Social Security numbers, driver's licenses, housing, and other concerns.
These Mongolians have close ties to the Korean American community in Los Angeles. Most of the Mongolian immigrants live and work in "Koreatown". A Korean who had been a missionary in Mongolia established Los Angeles's only Mongolian-speaking church in Koreatown. And a Mongolian Buddhist congregation gathers for worship at the nearby Korean Buddhist Kwan-Um Temple.
Virginia
The Mongolian embassy to the United States estimated the Mongolian population in nearby Arlington, Virginia, at 2,600 ; reportedly, they were attracted to the area by the high quality of public education—resulting in Mongolian becoming the school system's third-most spoken language, after English and Spanish; 219 students of Mongolian background are enrolled in the local school system, making up 1.2% of all students, but often forming a majority in ESL classes. Members of the first generation largely come from university-educated backgrounds in Mongolia, but work at jobs below such qualifications after moving to the United States. Community institutions include an annual children's festival and a weekly newspaper.
Illinois
The Chicago metropolitan area's Mongolian American community is estimated at between 3,000 and 4,000 people by local leaders; they are geographically dispersed but possess well-organized mutual support networks. Some have established small businesses, while others work in trades and services, including construction, cleaning, housekeeping, and food service. In 2004, Lama Tsedendamba Chilkhaasuren, an expatriate from Mongolia, came to the Chicago area for a planned stay of one year in an effort to build a temple for the area's Mongolian Buddhist community. As of 2010, nearly 200 Mongolians lived in Skokie, Illinois.
Demographics
60% of Mongolians residing in the United States entered the country on student visas, 34% on tourist visas, and only 3% on working visas. 47% live with their family members. The majority are believed to be staying in the country illegally. The Mongolian Embassy estimates that, up to 2007, only 300 babies have been born to Mongolian parents in the United States. Interest in migration to the United States remains high due to unemployment and low income levels in Mongolia; every day, fifty to seventy Mongolians attend visa interviews at the United States embassy in Ulaanbaatar. From 1991 to 2011, 5,034 people born in Mongolia became permanent residents of the United States, the vast majority in the mid-to-late-2000s; the annual number peaked at 831 in 2009.
The Mongolian population has increased from roughly 6,000 in the year 2000 to 18,000 in 2010 and 21,000 in 2015.
In Clark County, Indiana (particularly Jeffersonville) Mongolians are the 5th largest Asian American population according to the 2020 census and possibly number in the hundreds.
As of 2013, there were 1361 international students of Mongolian origin studying in the United States.
Culture and community
A number of Mongol cultural associations exist across the United States, including but not limited to the Mongolia Society; Mongolian Cultural Association at the University of Michigan.
The Mongol-American Cultural Association (MACA) was created to preserve and promote Mongol culture in the United States. MACA understands the term Mongol to be inclusive of the people and cultures of all regions where Mongol groups have traditionally lived; in addition to Mongolia, it includes the people and cultures of Kalmykia, Buryatia, Tuva and the Mongol regions of China. MACA was founded in 1987 by the late Professor Gombojab Hangin, Indiana University, and Tsorj Lama, former Abbot of the Qorgho Monastery in Western Sunid, Southern Mongolia. Since the death of Professor Hangin in 1989, and of Tsorj Lama in 1991, their students have carried on the work they started. Current board members are Tsagaan Baatar, Chinggeltu Borjiged, Enghe Chimood, Tony Ettinger, Palgi Gyamcho and Sanj Altan. MACA was formally incorporated as a 501C3 non-profit organization in 1992.
MACA also pursues a humanitarian program. In 1994, MACA sent $10,000 worth of insulin to Mongolia. MACA was an early supporter of the Peace Corps programs in Mongolia with their English language instructional materials needs. In 1995, MACA established the Mongolian-Children's Aid and Development Fund (MCADF) which functioned as the fund raising and executive arm of the various humanitarian initiatives aimed at providing aid to Mongolian children. Former Secretary of State James A. Baker III serves as honorary chairman of the advisory board to the MCADF. The MCADF has provided nutritional aid and clothing to orphanages and provided small stipends to selected orphans. From 2004 to 2008, the MCADF sponsored the Night Clinic operated by the Christina Noble Foundation, which provides medical services to the street children of Ulaanbaatar. MACA is a primary sponsor of the Injannashi Fund, which provides small educational grants to students in Southern Mongolia. MACA also provides small grants from time to time to cultural and educational institutions to support cultural events related to the Mongolias. In 2011, the MCADF provided a grant to assist the Wildlife Conservation Fund with its 'Trunk' program in Mongolia, which aims to educate school age children on the importance of wildlife and environment.
MACA holds a Chinggis Qan ceremony annually, a continuation of the Chinggis Qan memorial held in the Ezen Qoroo region of Ordos. This ritual was started in the United States by teachers Gombojab Hangin and C'orj'i Lama in 1988, and is held annually in late fall. In 1999, to mark the 10th anniversary of the death of Professor Gombojab Hangin, a Chinggis Qan Symposium was held in his memory, which resulted in the publication of the proceedings with articles from scholars from Mongolia, Southern Mongolia, Buryatia and Kalmykia. In 2012 MACA celebrates 25 years of the ceremony in the United States.
MACA is open to all individuals who share a common belief in the importance of preserving Mongol culture in the United States.
Notable people
Avani Gregg
Diluwa Khutugtu Jamsrangjab
Oyuna Uranchimeg, wheelchair curler for Team USA at the 2022 Paralympics
Jamyangiin Urantögs
Buryat
Sergei Bodrov
Irina Pantaeva
See also
Mongolia–United States relations
Diluwa Khutugtu Jamsrangjab
References
Further reading
Tsend, Baatar. "Mongolian Americans." Gale Encyclopedia of Multicultural America, edited by Thomas Riggs, (3rd ed., vol. 3, Gale, 2014), pp. 219–230. online
External links
Mongolia Society
Mongol American Cultural Association
Kalmyk American Cultural Association
Mongolian Immigrant Tries to Find New Life, 1991 article in The New York Times about a homeless Mongolian immigrant in New York
United States
Mongolian culture
Asian-American society
East Asian American
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5386736
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angels%20in%20Disguise%20%28album%29
|
Angels in Disguise (album)
|
Angels in Disguise is the second album released by Interface and considered by many of its fans as its best to date. Clocking in at over 71 minutes, the album spans many different styles, from electro-industrial to trance to synthpop, with traces of trip hop and jungle for good measure. As with the debut album, it was almost entirely produced and performed by Eric Eldredge. It was released by Tinman Records on July 15, 2002.
Critics in magazines such as Industrial Nation, Side Line, and Outburn were highly taken with the album's overall positive imagery, which is uncommon in this genre. Part of the reason behind the vast improvements in the band's sound was the major upgrades Eldredge did to Interface's studio in the three-plus years between albums. The album produced several club ready tracks, such as "Wasted Time", "Ability", "Temperature", and the title track, all of which found their way onto playlists of many dance clubs, radio stations, webcasts, and podcasts.
Additional personnel on the album included live keyboardist Jon Billian and live guitarist/keyboardist Evan Eldredge (both of whom became official members in 2003) on various tracks. Mike Hoffman and Matt Clennan of fellow New York EBM band Final Project were guest vocalists on "You Will Learn", and Jaki Neko of New Jersey Gothic band Murder in the Dark sang lead vocals on "Labyrinth".
The album's cover was designed by graphic artist Michelle Lee.
In late 2005, Tinman went out of business, and freed Interface from its contract. When Nilaihah Records signed the group, they took over distribution of Interface's Tinman releases, including this album. Remixes of "Wasted Time" and "Clear Night" appear on the subsequent release Beyond Humanity.
Track listing
"Wasted Time" – 5:56
"You Will Learn" – 3:43
"Movement (In)" – 1:58
"Ability" – 3:59
"Inside" – 4:29
"Temperature" – 5:29
"Katja" – 5:19
"Maximum Formula" – 6:36
"Sublimated" – 1:36
"Colors" – 4:44
"Within Your Reach" – 3:10
"Angels in Disguise" – 4:33
"Labyrinth" – 4:30
"Movement (Out)" – 3:03
"Clear Night (with hidden track)" – 12:37
2002 albums
Interface (band) albums
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5386743
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kolintang
|
Kolintang
|
Kolintang is a traditional Minahasan percussion instrument from North Sulawesi, Indonesia, consisting of wooden blades arranged in a row and mounted on a wooden tub. Kolintang is usually played in ensemble music. Kolintang in the Minahasan community is used to accompany traditional ceremonies, dance, singing, and music. The wood used to make Kolintang blades is light but strong local wood such as Telur wood, Wenuang wood, Cempaka wood, Waru wood, and the like which have a fiber construction. parallel. Meanwhile, kulintang resonator crates are usually made of hardwood materials such as teak or mahogany.
In 2013, the kolintang musical instrument from the Minahasan, North Sulawesi was recognized as National Intangible Cultural Heritage of Indonesia by the Indonesian Ministry of Education and Culture.
Etymology
The word "kolintang" comes from the Minahasan language. The word comes from the sound "tong" for low notes, "ting" for high notes, and "tang" for middle notes. In the past, the Minahasa people used to invite people to play the instrument by saying "Let's play tong-ting-tang" or in the Minahasan local language "Maimo Kumolintang". Because of that habit emerged the term "kolintang".
History
Mythology
There is a Minahasan folklore about the origin of the discovery of the kolintang musical instrument. In a village in Minahasa region, there is a girl who is very beautiful and good at singing named Lintang. One day Lintang was proposed by Makasiga a young man and woodcarver. Lintang accepted Makasiga's proposal on one condition that Makasiga had to find a musical instrument that sounded more melodious than a gold flute. Makasiga with wood carving skills managed to find the musical instrument that is the forerunner of kolintang.
Origins
Initially, the kolintang musical instrument consisted of few pieces of wood placed in a row on top of the players' legs, who were sitting on the ground with both legs straight in front of them. From time to time, the use of player's feet is replaced with two banana sticks. The use of resonator boxes began to be used since the arrival of Prince Diponegoro and his followers who brought gamelan to Minahasa to undergo exile in 1830. The use of kolintang musical instruments is related to traditional beliefs of the Minahasa people, such as in ceremonies for worshiping ancestral spirits.
Along with the arrival of Christianity to the Minahasa land, rituals of worship of animism and dynamism began to be abandoned. Kolintang reappeared by a blind man named Nelwan Katuuk who composed kolintang notes according to diatonic scales and was introduced again in 1940. Kolintang only consists of one melody consisting of diatonic tones, with a distance of two octaves. As an accompaniment, stringed musical instruments such as guitar, ukulele, and bass are used.
Development
Kulintang develops continuously. In 1954, kolintang already has a pitch of two and a half octaves and still has a diatonic tone composition.
In 1960, it grew again until it reached three and a half octaves with notes of 1 sharp, naturel, and 1 mole. The basic tone is still limited to three keys (naturel, 1 mole, and 1 crus), the pitch has expanded to four and a half octaves from F to C. The development of the kolintang musical instrument is still ongoing, both in terms of the quality of the instrument, the expansion of the pitch range, and the shape of the resonator box.
Instruments
As a musical instrument, kolintang is developed. At first only melodic kolintang instruments. Currently complete kolintang has up to nine instruments:
melody 1 (ina esa)
melody 2 (ina rua)
melody 3 (ina taweng)
cello (cella)
bass (loway)
tenor 1 (karua)
tenor 2 (karua rua)
alto 1 (uner)
alto 2 (uner rua)
alto 3 (katelu).
Notations
The notations system used on the kolintang musical instrument is the diatonic scale. The diatonic scale is a scale consisting of 7 notes, the notes are Do, Re, Mi, Fa, Sol, La, Si, which have a distance of one and a half notes. This scale is divided into two groups, namely the major diatonic and minor diatonic scales. As for the kolintang musical instrument, the chord arrangement is the same as the chord system used on piano and guitar.
Association
National Kolintang Association of Indonesia (Persatuan Insan Kolintang Nasional (PINKAN) Indonesia) is a kulintang association in Indonesia that encourages the improvement of the quality of Kolintang Musical Ensemble artworks in line with the increasing public appreciation of the Kolintang art. PINKAN Indonesia organizes events both independently and in collaboration with the 4 main pillars, they are coaches, craftsmen, players, and kolintang conservationists.
Gallery
References
External links
Website
Kolintang - Indonesian intangible cultural heritage by Indonesian Ministry of Education and Culture.
Kolintang - A traditional musical instrument of Minahasan people by Galeri Indonesia Kaya.
National Kolintang Association by Persatuan Insan Kolintang Nasional (PINKAN) Indonesia.
Youtube
Kolintang - Introduction by The International Information and Networking Centre for Intangible Cultural Heritage in the Asia-Pacific Region under the auspices of UNESCO (ICHCAP).
Kolintang - Performance by Kolintang Nyong Noni Sulut.
Kolintang - The Sound of Harmony by Sanggar Bapontar dan Galeri Indonesia Kaya.
Kolintang and Angklung - Rayuan Pulau Kelapa song by Kolintang KEYTUJI and Angklung Cantare.
Indonesian musical instruments
Percussion instruments
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5386754
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jashanmal
|
Jashanmal
|
The Jashanmal Group is a wholesale distributor of consumer goods and services in the Persian Gulf region. The company, established in 1919 by Rao Sahib Jashanmal with its first store in Basra, Iraq as a general store selling many of the products that are still sold in the stores today. Expansion through the GCC followed the path of oil discovery, first into Kuwait in 1934, then Bahrain in 1935 and subsequently into UAE, with stores in Dubai in 1956 and Abu Dhabi in 1964. In the environment of fast expanding markets Jashanmal evolved from solely a retailer to also specializing in the wholesale and distribution of consumer products.
Today the Jashanmal Group is active across the Arab states of the Persian Gulf and India, headquartered in Dubai, United Arab Emirates, and operates over 100 stores and through an extensive distribution and wholesale business supplies over 1,000 retailers across segments from Duty Free to Mass Market to Mid-Market and High-end Retail.
They represent various global retail franchises represented in the region as well as operating a newspaper and periodicals division which oversees the marketing and distribution of leading books, magazines, and newspapers in the Persian Gulf through direct distribution and through retail chains including the Jashanmal Bookstores. Business partners include Levant, Higgs and Reed Aviation. The Jashanmal Group is also in a joint venture with Japan's Overseas Courier Services (OCS). The Jashanmal Group employs over 1,000 people in its various divisions and countries.
References
External links
Jashanmal corporate website
Jashanmal Official Online Store
Jashanmal Service Center
References
Companies of Kuwait
|
5386782
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean%20Beadle
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Jean Beadle
|
Jane (Jean) Beadle (1 January 1868 – 22 May 1942) was an Australian feminist, social worker and Labor party member.
Life
Beadle née Miller was born on 1 January 1868 in Clunes, Victoria, daughter of George Darlington Miller, miner and his wife Jane Spencer. She left school early to assist her widowed father. She worked in Melbourne's oppressive clothing factories until her marriage to Henry Beadle (a militant and an iron moulder) on 19 May 1888. She was involved in industrial action, working with striking miners and their families and organised a union of female factory workers. She joined the Women's Suffrage Alliance and, from 1898, was prominent in the Women's Political and Social Crusade.
In 1901 the Beadles moved to Western Australia; Jean founded the Labor women's organization in Fremantle in 1905, and when they moved to the goldfields in 1906 she formed the Eastern Goldfields Women's Labor League. After returning to Perth in 1911 she played an active role in the ALP and was a delegate at the first Labor Women's Conference at Perth in October 1912, and was appointed the chairperson, a position she held for 30 years. Through her involvement with the party she was a candidate for Senate pre-selection in 1931.
Beadle was associated with the Perth Children's Court since 1915 and was appointed special magistrate in 1919, and from 1920 was one of the first women to be a sworn magistrate in Perth.
Beadle died at home on 22 May 1942 and is buried in the Methodist section of Karrakatta Cemetery in Perth.
Jeanette Place, in the Canberra suburb of Gilmore, is named in her honour, "Jeanette" having been her pen-name.
See also
List of suffragists and suffragettes
References
Further reading
Birman,W and Wood, E. Beadle, Jane (Jean) (1868–1942), Australian Dictionary of Biography, Volume 7, Melbourne University Press, 1979, pp 223–224.
1868 births
1942 deaths
Australian suffragists
Australian trade unionists
Burials at Karrakatta Cemetery
People from Clunes, Victoria
19th-century Australian people
19th-century Australian women
20th-century Australian women
|
5386795
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FWX
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FWX
|
FWX is the tenth studio album by progressive metal band Fates Warning, released on October 5, 2004 through Metal Blade Records; their last album on the label until re-signing in 2019. It is also the band's last studio album to feature drummer Mark Zonder.
Track listing
Personnel
Ray Alder – vocals, production
Jim Matheos – guitar, keyboard, programming, production
Mark Zonder – drums
Joey Vera – bass
Phil Magnotti – engineering, mixing
Andy VanDette – mastering
References
External links
FWX at fateswarning.com
Fates Warning - 2004 - "FWX" at ProgressoR
Fates Warning albums
2004 albums
Metal Blade Records albums
|
5386812
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ghislaine%20Roquet
|
Ghislaine Roquet
|
Ghislaine Roquet, CC (1926 – May 31, 2016) was a philosophy professor and a nun with the Sœurs de Sainte-Croix community in Quebec. She was appointed a Companion of the Order of Canada in 1970 for her educational work.
She is a signatory to the Parent Report which has influenced education in Quebec since its release in 1963.
She died on May 31, 2016 in Montreal, Quebec.
References
External links
Harry Palmer Gallery: Ghislaine Roquet (1984 photo)
UQAM: 40th anniversary event for Parent Report
1926 births
2016 deaths
Academics in Quebec
Companions of the Order of Canada
20th-century Canadian nuns
21st-century Canadian nuns
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3993737
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daron%20Rahlves
|
Daron Rahlves
|
Daron Louis Rahlves (born June 12, 1973) is a former American World Cup alpine ski racer and freestyle skier.
Born in Walnut Creek, California, and raised in Northern California, Rahlves attended the Green Mountain Valley School in Vermont and currently resides in Truckee, California. He retired from racing at the end of the 2006 season with twelve World Cup victories and a world championship.
Rahlves earned three World Championships medals, a gold in 2001 in the Super-G and a silver and bronze (downhill and giant slalom) in 2005. His best year in the overall World Cup standings was 2006, when he finished fourth. Rahlves' best years in the downhill standings were 2003 and 2004, when he placed second. He was also the runner-up in the Super G standings in 2004.
Rahlves was named to the U.S. Olympic team as a freestyle skier for the 2010 Winter Olympics in Vancouver. He competed in the ski cross event at Cypress Mountain and placed 24th.
Personal life
Daron is married to Michelle and has twins: son Dreyson and daughter Miley (born in July 2007).
Movies
Rahlves has been featured in several movies as his racing career matured and after retirement. 2005 brought Rahlves' first appearance in Warren Miller's "Impact". In 2007, Rahlves was featured in Rage Films' movie "Enjoy" as well as Jalbert Productions' "The Thin Line: Examination of the Downhill" and in 2008 has segments in Warren Miller's "Children of Winter" and again in Rage Film's movie "Down Days". He has also been in Warren Miller's Dynasty and Matchstick Productions' "In Deep in 2009. In 2010 Rahlves starred in Teton Gravity Research's "Light The Wick" and in 2011 Warren Miller's "Like There's No Tomorrow". Rahlves was a featured in Teton Gravity Research's "The Dream Factory". Most recently, Rahlves rode a night scene in Alyeska in which the snow was backlit with array of projected LED colors for Sweetgrass Productions "Afterglow" in 2014.
Awards and titles
2001 World Championships in St. Anton, Austria: Gold Medal in Super-G.
2003 Hahnenkamm in Kitzbühel, Austria: 1st place in Downhill, the first American champion on the prestigious Streif course in 44 years (Buddy Werner in 1959).
2004 Hahnenkamm in Kitzbühel, Austria: 1st place in Super G, becoming the first American champion ever in that race.
2005 World Championships in Bormio, Italy: Silver Medal in Downhill behind Bode Miller, completing the first 1-2 finish for American men ever at the Worlds.
Bronze Medal in Giant slalom.
2006 Lauberhorn in Wengen, Switzerland: 1st place in Downhill (third American to win)
12 World Cup victories.
7 U.S. National Championships titles
World Cup results
Season standings
Race victories
12 wins – (9 DH, 3 SG)
28 podiums – (20 DH, 7 SG, 1 GS)
World Championship results
Olympic results
References
External links
(alpine)
Daron Rahlves World Cup standings at the International Ski Federation (alpine, 1995–2006)
(freestyle)
Daron Rahlves World Cup standings at the International Ski Federation (freestyle, 2008–2010)
1973 births
Alpine skiers at the 1998 Winter Olympics
Alpine skiers at the 2002 Winter Olympics
Alpine skiers at the 2006 Winter Olympics
American male alpine skiers
American male freestyle skiers
Freestyle skiers at the 2010 Winter Olympics
Living people
Olympic alpine skiers of the United States
Olympic freestyle skiers of the United States
Sportspeople from Walnut Creek, California
X Games athletes
People from California
|
5386831
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John%20Gale%20%28theologian%29
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John Gale (theologian)
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John Gale (1680–1721) was a British Baptist theologian. He was not widely known until the controversy over William Wall's work on infant baptism appeared.
He studied at Leiden University and received a Master of Arts degree and Ph.D. in 1699. After studying at Leiden, Gale went to Amsterdam, where he met Le Clerc. Leiden offered him a doctor of divinity if he agreed to Puritan doctrine. He would not, on principle.
His work against infant baptism was composed in 1705–1706 as a series of letters to Wall. These were collected and published in 1711 as Reflections on Mr. Wall's History of Infant Baptism. Gale was a superb scholar of Hebrew, Greek and Latin, and he combatted Wall's patristic readings by arguing that the antiquity of infant baptism is not certain. He also accused Wall of doing what Wall said he most sought to avoid: elevating a minor doctrinal point into a matter of schism. William Wotton praised Gale's work.
Gale began preaching at Paul's Alley Barbican, but he was never ordained and would not accept a regular position. Instead, he traveled from one Baptist congregation to another, speaking. He also joined the "Society for Promoting Primitive Christianity." He was introduced to Benjamin Hoadly and the Lord Chancellor Peter King. In 1721, when he was just forty-one years old, he caught a fever and died. He left little money for his widow, and congregationalists collected a subscription to enable her to open a coffee shop in Finch Lane, London.
References
External links
1680 births
1721 deaths
British theologians
Baptist theologians
British Baptists
Leiden University alumni
18th-century British theologians
18th-century Baptists
18th-century Protestant theologians
|
3993750
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sports%20Page
|
Sports Page
|
Sports Page was a Canadian sports highlights television program that aired on CKVU-TV Vancouver from September 5, 1977 until August 31, 2001, and later on CHEK-TV Victoria, British Columbia, from September 2, 2001 until September 2, 2005. It was known for its personality-driven, irreverent approach (including the humorous annual Christmas Eve special, Yulin' with the Page), and for helping to launch the careers of several broadcasters, many of whom later worked for sports television outlets such as Rogers Sportsnet, TSN, and Vancouver radio station The Team 1040.
Sports Page aired Monday to Friday at 11:00 pm in its early years, with a Sunday edition from September to January, during the NFL season, before expanding to six nights a week (Sunday to Friday) year-round in later years. Switching channels from CKVU-TV to CHEK-TV. There were also a couple of special Saturday editions in June 1994 on days where the Vancouver Canucks played games in the Stanley Cup Finals.
Sports Page covered the National Hockey League, Canadian Football League, National Football League, National Basketball Association, Major League Baseball and top golf, tennis, curling and auto racing events, with expanded coverage of the Canucks, BC Lions and Vancouver Grizzlies, including post-game interviews following home games. They also covered the Western Lacrosse Association other local sports teams such as baseball's Vancouver Canadians, soccer's Vancouver 86ers and inline hockey's Vancouver Voodoo, with highlights of their home games (and away games, if available). Sports Page also covered BC university and high-school athletics – with emphasis on UBC Thunderbirds and Simon Fraser Clan football and basketball and Victoria Vikings basketball, and the provincial high-school football and boys and girls basketball championships – and junior hockey. They would also have special features on local athletes or high-profile athletes with a strong B.C. connection when they were in the Vancouver area for a sporting event.
Sports Page hosts over the years
Paul Carson (1980–99)
Jay Durant (?–2005)
Dan Elliott (?–2005)
Shane Foxman (?–?)
Robb Glazier (1977–79)
John Good (1977–79)
Chris Hebb (1984–90)
Barry Houlihan (1978–83)
Barry Macdonald (1988–89, 1995–2004)
Sean McCormick (1998–2005)
Craig MacEwen (1993–2000)
Dan Murphy (1995–1999)
Blake Price (1999–2001)
Dave Randorf (1990–95)
Scott Rintoul (?–?)
Squire Barnes (?-?)
Gord Robson (1978–80)
Richard Saxton (1977–82)
John Shorthouse (1993–98)
Don Taylor (1985–2000)
References
Global Television Network original programming
1977 Canadian television series debuts
2005 Canadian television series endings
1970s Canadian sports television series
1980s Canadian sports television series
1990s Canadian sports television series
2000s Canadian sports television series
Television shows filmed in Vancouver
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5386876
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fort%20Frances%20Borderland%20Thunder
|
Fort Frances Borderland Thunder
|
The Borderland Thunder are a defunct Junior "A" ice hockey team from Fort Frances, Ontario, Canada. They were a part of the Superior International Junior Hockey League.
History
Despite four successful season in the SIJHL and a league title, the Thunder have opted to sit on the sidelines of Canadian Junior hockey. Although they still had an open door to re-enter the Thunder Bay-based league, they have applied the past three seasons for entry into the Manitoba Junior Hockey League .
A return to the SIJHL is unlikely for the Borderland Thunder, as their place in the SIJHL has since been succeeded by the Fort Frances Jr. Sabres as of the 2007-08 season.
Season-by-season results
Playoffs
2002 Lost Final
Fort Frances Borderland Thunder defeated Thunder Bay Bulldogs 4-games-to-3
Dryden Ice Dogs defeated Fort Frances Borderland Thunder 4-games-to-none
2003 Won League, Lost Dudley Hewitt Cup semi-final
Fort Frances Borderland Thunder defeated Dryden Ice Dogs 4-games-to-none
Fort Frances Borderland Thunder defeated Thunder Bay Bulldogs 4-games-to-1 SIJHL CHAMPIONS
Third in Dudley Hewitt Cup round robin (1-2)
Wellington Dukes (OPJHL) defeated Fort Frances Borderland Thunder 3-2 in semi-final
2004 Lost Semi-final
Dryden Ice Dogs defeated Fort Frances Borderland Thunder 4-games-to-3
2005 Lost Final
Fort Frances Borderland Thunder defeated Dryden Ice Dogs 4-games-to-none
Fort William North Stars defeated Fort Frances Borderland Thunder 4-games-to-none
External links
SIJHL Website
2001 establishments in Ontario
2005 disestablishments in Ontario
Defunct Superior International Junior Hockey League teams
Sport in Northern Ontario
Fort Frances
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3993759
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hideko%20Takamine
|
Hideko Takamine
|
was a Japanese actress who began as a child actress and maintained her fame in a career that spanned 50 years. She is particularly known for her collaborations with directors Mikio Naruse and Keisuke Kinoshita, with Twenty-Four Eyes (1954) and Floating Clouds (1955) being among her most noted films.
Biography
Takamine was born in Hakodate, Hokkaidō, in 1924. At the age of four, following the death of her mother, she was placed in the care of her aunt in Tokyo. Her first role was in the Shochiku studio's 1929 film Mother (Haha), which brought her tremendous popularity as a child actor. Many of the films of her early career were imitations of Shirley Temple films.
After moving to the Toho studio in 1937, her dramatic roles in Kajirō Yamamoto's Tsuzurikata kyōshitsu (1938) and Horse (1941) brought her added fame as a girl star. She toured as a singer to entertain Japanese troops and, after the war, sang for American occupation troops in Tokyo. After initially appearing in a pro-union film, Those Who Make Tomorrow (1946), she became appalled by the rigid practices of the union's leaders and members and, during the post-war strikes at Toho, first joined a new union before moving to the new Shintoho studios in 1947.
In 1950, she left Shintoho and became a freelance actress. Her films with directors Keisuke Kinoshita and Mikio Naruse during the 1950s made her Japan's top star. Notable films of this decade include Kinoshita's satirical comedy Carmen Comes Home (1951), Japan's first feature length colour film, and the antiwar drama Twenty-Four Eyes (1954), and Naruse's Floating Clouds (1955) and When a Woman Ascends the Stairs (1960).
She was especially favoured as leading actress by Naruse, appearing in 17 of his films between 1941 and 1966, which are considered "some of her finest performances" (Jasper Sharp), with her "sensitive yet resourceful persona" proving ideal for "Naruse's suffering, persevering heroines" (Alexander Jacoby). Film historian Donald Richie described the characters she portrayed as follows: "Like so many Japanese women then, they wanted more out of life, but couldn’t get it. The war may have been over, women found, but they weren’t better off. They were still fairly unhappy. So the kind of roles Takamine played fit the zeitgeist, may have even made that zeitgeist." Comparing Naruse and Kinoshita, Takamine explained: "Though different in style, they shared a common aversion to things that were not natural. What I tried to do was to be as natural as women we see in the news, but adding a touch of drama so that I would be even more real."
She married writer-director Zenzo Matsuyama in 1955, but set a precedent by choosing not to give up her acting career, stating that she wanted to "create a new style of wife who has a job". After retiring as an actress in 1979, she published her autobiography and several essay collections. She died of lung cancer on 28 December 2010 at the age of 86.
Selected Filmography
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! Year
! Title
! Role
! Director(s)
! Notes
|-
| 1929
| Mother
|
| Hōtei Nomura
| Film debut
|-
| 1931
| Tokyo Chorus
|
| Yasujirō Ozu
|
|-
| 1938
| Tsuzurikata kyōshitsu
|
| Kajirō Yamamoto
|
|-
| rowspan=2|1941
| Hideko the Bus Conductor
| Okoma
| Mikio Naruse
| First film with Naruse
|-
| Horse
|
| Kajirō Yamamoto
|
|-
| 1943
| Ahen senso
|
| Masahiro Makino
|
|-
| rowspan=2|1946
| Those Who Make Tomorrow
| Takamine
| Akira KurosawaHideo SekigawaKajirō Yamamoto
|
|-
| Aru yo no tonosama
|
| Teinosuke Kinugasa
|
|-
| 1949
| Ginza kankan musume
|
| Koji Shima
|
|-
| 1950
| The Munekata Sisters
|
| Yasujirō Ozu
|
|-
| 1951
| Carmen Comes Home
| Okin alias Lily Carmen
| Keisuke Kinoshita
| First film with Kinoshita
|-
| rowspan="2" | 1952
| Lightning
|
| Mikio Naruse
|
|-
|Carmen's Pure Love
|Carmen
|Keisuke Kinoshita
|
|-
| rowspan=2|1953
| Where Chimneys Are Seen
|
| Heinosuke Gosho
|
|-
| [[The Wild Geese (1953 film)|The Wild Geese]]| Otama
| Shirō Toyoda
|
|-
| rowspan=3|1954
| The Garden of Women| Yoshie Izushi
| Keisuke Kinoshita
|
|-
| Twenty-Four Eyes| Hisako Ōishi
| Keisuke Kinoshita
|
|-
| Somewhere Beneath the Wide Sky|
| Masaki Kobayashi
|
|-
| 1955
| Floating Clouds|
| Mikio Naruse
|
|-
| rowspan=2|1956
| Nagareru|
| Mikio Naruse
|
|-
| A Wife's Heart|
| Mikio Naruse
|
|-
| rowspan=2|1957
| Untamed|
| Mikio Naruse
|
|-
| Times of Joy and Sorrow| Kiyoko Arisawa
| Keisuke Kinoshita
|
|-
| 1958
| Rickshaw Man| Yoshiko Yoshioka
| Hiroshi Inagaki
|
|-
| rowspan=3|1960
| When a Woman Ascends the Stairs| Keiko Yashiro
| Mikio Naruse
|
|-
| Daughters, Wives and a Mother|
| Mikio Naruse
|
|-
| The River Fuefuki| Okei
| Keisuke Kinoshita
|
|-
| rowspan=4|1961
| As a Wife, As a Woman| Miho Nishigaki
| Mikio Naruse
|
|-
| Happiness of Us Alone| Akiko Katayama
| Zenzo Matsuyama
|
|-
| The Human Condition: A Soldier's Prayer|
| Masaki Kobayashi
|
|-
| Immortal Love|
| Keisuke Kinoshita
|
|-
| rowspan=2|1962
| Burari bura-bura monogatari|
| Zenzo Matsuyama
|
|-
| A Wanderer's Notebook|
| Mikio Naruse
|
|-
| 1963
| A Woman's Story|
| Mikio Naruse
|
|-
| 1964
| Yearning| Reiko Morita
| Mikio Naruse
|
|-
| 1967
| The Doctor's Wife|
| Yasuzo Masumura
|
|-
| 1973
|The Twilight Years|
| Shirō Toyoda
|
|-
| 1979
| Oh, My Son!|
| Keisuke Kinoshita
| Final film
|-
|}
Awards
Japan Academy Film Prize
1996 Lifetime Achievement Award
Mainichi Film Concours for Best Actress
1955 Twenty-Four Eyes, Garden of Women, Somewhere Beneath the Wide Sky1956 Floating Clouds1958 Times of Joy and Sorrow, Untamed1962 Immortal Love, Happiness of Us AloneBlue Ribbon Award for Best Actress
1955 Twenty-Four Eyes, Garden of Women, Somewhere Beneath the Wide SkyKinema Junpo Award for Best Actress
1956 Floating Clouds''
References
External links
1924 births
2010 deaths
People from Hakodate
Deaths from lung cancer
Deaths from cancer in Japan
20th-century Japanese actresses
Japanese child actresses
Japanese film actresses
Japanese autobiographers
Women autobiographers
|
5386897
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gordon%20Griffith
|
Gordon Griffith
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Gordon S. Griffith (July 4, 1907 – October 12, 1958) was an American assistant director, film producer, and one of the first child actors in the American movie industry. Griffith worked in the film industry for five decades, acting in over 60 films, and surviving the transition from silent films to talkies—films with sound. During his acting career, he worked with Charlie Chaplin, and was the first actor to portray Tarzan on film.
Silent film
Griffith was born on July 4, 1907 in Chicago, Illinois, to actors Harry Sutherland Griffith and Katherine Kiernan Griffith. He had two siblings, an older sister Gertrude, and a younger brother Graham—also an actor. Griffith was already an experienced actor when, at age seven, he got his first acting role as a regular character in the Little Billy series of films. Mack Sennett of Keystone Studios cast Griffith in many of his slapstick features, where he eventually earned supporting roles in Charlie Chaplin films, including Tillie's Punctured Romance, in which he portrayed a paperboy, a role that Milton Berle frequently claimed to have played.
His big break came with the role of young Tarzan, in the 1918 film Tarzan of the Apes. He was required to do his own stunts, such as climbing trees, swinging from vines, and interacting closely with a chimpanzee. Griffith also has several nude scenes in the first half of the film. Griffith appears before the actor portraying the adult Tarzan—Elmo Lincoln—making him the first actor to portray Tarzan in film. After seeing the movie, a critic described Griffith as "a youthful actor of uncommon gifts."
Griffith received the role of Tom Sawyer in Huckleberry Finn. Later he was again cast in the first Tarzan serial as Tarzan's son, Korak, a role that has been described as "anticipating John Sheffield's 'Boy' roles [in later Tarzan films]." He continued to act in silent films well into his teen years, including a role as Mary Pickford's older brother in Little Annie Rooney (1925).
Both of Griffth's parents died in the 1920s—his mother in 1921 and his father in 1926. At the time of the 1930 census, he and his brother were living with his sister and her family in Pasadena, California.
Sound era
Although his career survived the transition from silent films to sound, Griffith received smaller and smaller roles—occasionally not even being credited for his performances. As his acting career cooled, Griffith moved into other areas of the film industry. At the age of twenty-three he got his first job as an assistant director. His final acting credit came six years later in 1936's Outlaws of the Range. Griffith continued to work in the film industry until his death. Between 1931 and 1940, he worked as an assistant director in over 20 films, including those at Monogram Pictures.
Between 1941 and 1953 he was an associate producer or producer on four films. He was an associate producer under Robert E. Sherwood, and for Gregory Ratoff Productions. In 1941, Griffith became a production manager at Columbia Pictures, and later served as an associate producer for RKO.
In 1958, Griffith died of a heart attack in Hollywood at the age of 51. He was survived by his sister.
Selected filmography as actor
A Bath House Beauty (1914)
Little Billy's Triumph (1914)
Little Billy's Strategy (1914)
Little Billy's City Cousin (1914)
Chicken Chaser (1914)
Those Country Kids (1914)
Tillie's Punctured Romance (1914) as Paperboy (uncredited)
Kid Auto Races at Venice (1914)
Little Sunset (1915)
Billy's Cupidity (1915)
If My Country Should Call (1916)
Naked Hearts (1916)
Two Mothers (1916)
Tarzan of the Apes (1918)
The Romance of Tarzan (1918)
Hitting the High Spots (1918)
Cupid Forecloses (1919)
The Son of Tarzan (1920)
Huckleberry Finn (1920)
The Kentucky Colonel (1920)
The Adventures of Tarzan (1921)
Cameron of the Royal Mounted (1921)
Penrod (1922)
More to Be Pitied Than Scorned (1922)
The Village Blacksmith (1922)
Main Street (1923)
The Street of Tears (1924)
Little Annie Rooney (1925)
The Cat's Pajamas (1926)
The Branded Man (1928)
Danger Ahead (1935)
Bars of Hate (1935)
Gun Play (1935)
Speed Limited (1935)
Hot Off the Press (1935)
Gun Play (1935)
Blazing Justice (1936)
Outlaws of the Range (1936)
References
Bibliography
Holmstrom, John. The Moving Picture Boy: An International Encyclopaedia from 1895 to 1995, Norwich, Michael Russell, 1996, pp. 30–32.
External links
Picture of Gordon Griffith without heavy makeup in the Young Hollywood Hall of Fame
1907 births
1958 deaths
Male actors from Chicago
American male child actors
American male film actors
Film producers from Illinois
American male silent film actors
20th-century American male actors
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5386918
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salaries%20tax
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Salaries tax
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Salaries tax is a type of income tax that is levied in Hong Kong, chargeable on income from any office, employment and pension for a year of assessment arising in or derived from the territory. For purposes of calculating liability, the period of assessment is from April 1 to March 31 of the following year.
Salaries tax is also charged on the unrealized capital gain of shares or options granted as part of an employee share scheme that are subject to a vesting period. Events that trigger tax are when the vesting period ends or when the employee leaves Hong Kong.
Chargeable scope
Salaries tax is imposed on any office, employment and pension sourced in Hong Kong.
Office basically refers to the holding of office as a director or company secretary of the company resident in Hong Kong. Director's fee is fully taxable in Hong Kong irrespective where the director rendered services in Hong Kong or not.
Income derived from employment sourced in Hong Kong is taxable in Hong Kong. The source of employment is laid down in the Goepfert Rules and Departmental Interpretation and Practice Note No.10. However, those individuals who visit Hong Kong for periods not exceeding 60 days will be exempt from paying Salaries Tax. This provision is known as the "sixty-day rule".<ref>Inland Revenue Ordinance Cap 112, s.8(1B)</ref> Employment sourced in Hong Kong will be fully chargeable to Salaries Tax whereas offshore employment will be chargeable on a "time-in-time-out" basis, the taxable income of which will be apportioned by reference to the days present in Hong Kong. Employment of a government civil servant is considered sourced in Hong Kong and therefore its income is always fully taxable in Hong Kong.
The above-mentioned "sixty-day rule" shall not be applied to seamen and aircrew. Instead, they are bound by stricter conditions for exemption. To be exempt from liability to Salaries tax, they shall be present in Hong Kong not more than 60 days in the year and not more than 120 days in the two consecutive years, one of them being the current tax year.
A pension will be considered to be sourced in Hong Kong if it is managed and controlled in Hong Kong.
Liability to tax
Employers must report details relating to new hires to the Inland Revenue Department within three months of the commencement of employment, which will enable to IRD to send out tax returns for the year of assessment. If the employee does not receive a return, he is required to send the Department a notification of chargeability by 31 July following the year of assessment.
The tax is payable directly by the taxpayer, who is also obliged to remit provisional salaries tax by instalments based on the previous year's liability.
Income subject to tax
Liability for salaries tax arises from two separate sources:
employment income and pensions arising or derived from Hong Kong, and
income derived from services rendered in Hong Kong (other than from visits totalling 60 days or less in any given year), except for:
income earned from services rendered wholly outside Hong Kong in connection with employment (except for those who work for the Government, or on board ships or aircraft), or
income earned in any territory on which tax similar to salaries tax has been paid.
Under Commissioner of Inland Revenue v George Andrew Goepfert'', the following factors must be taken into account to determine where the source of income arises for an employment (whether inside or outside the territory):
where the contract of employment was negotiated, entered into and is enforceable;
where the employer is resident; and
where the employee's remuneration is paid to him.
Employment income is deemed to include the following:
wages, salaries and other compensation (other than severance payment or long service payment on termination of employment) whether from the employer or another person,
amounts received from a pension or provident fund connected with the employment,
amounts received from a recognized occupational retirement scheme,
the rental value of any place of residence provided rent-free (or any discount from the rental value from any rent paid) by the employer or an associated corporation, and
any gain realized by the exercise of, or by the assignment or release of, a stock option.
Calculation of liability
Salaries tax is chargeable on the lower of:
net chargeable income (total income less deductions and allowances)
net total income (total income less deductions)
Deductions include expenses necessary for earning such income (such as professional membership dues for one association), expenses for self-education (subject to a ceiling of $80,000), charitable donations (subject to minimum and maximum limits), contributions to the Mandatory Provident Fund or other occupational retirement schemes, home loan interest (subject to a lifetime limit of 15 years) and elderly residential care expenses (subject to a ceiling of $76,000). Allowances are available for married persons, single parents and various dependents.
Personal assessment is also available where a taxpayer is also subject to property tax and/or profit tax. Married couples may opt for joint assessment of their liability.
See also
Inland Revenue Department (Hong Kong)
Tax treaty
Share options
Rental value
Profit tax
References
External links
Taxation in Hong Kong
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3993775
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mother%20and%20Child%20Reunion
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Mother and Child Reunion
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"Mother and Child Reunion" is a song by the American singer-songwriter Paul Simon. It was the lead single from his second studio album, Paul Simon (1972), released on Columbia Records.
Background
It was at the time one of the few songs by a non-Jamaican musician to use prominent elements of reggae. Simon was a fan of reggae music, and he listened to artists such as Jimmy Cliff, Desmond Dekker, and Byron Lee; he wanted to go to Kingston, Jamaica to record the song, as that was where Cliff had recorded his antiwar song "Vietnam" in 1970.
The title has its origin in a chicken-and-egg dish called "Mother and Child Reunion" that Simon saw on a Chinese restaurant's menu. The song's lyrics were inspired by a pet dog that was run over and killed. It was the first death Simon personally experienced, and he began to wonder how he would react if the same happened to his wife, Peggy Harper. "Somehow there was a connection between this death and Peggy and it was like Heaven, I don't know what the connection was," Simon told Rolling Stone in 1972.
Production
The song was recorded at Dynamic Sounds Studios at Torrington Bridge in Kingston, Jamaica, with Jimmy Cliff's backing group. Guitarist Huks ("Hux") Brown and bass guitarist Jackie Jackson were also long-time members of Toots & the Maytals. Cissy Houston sang background vocals on the recording. The song was recorded before writing lyrics, which was unusual for Simon. He had previously hoped to make "Why Don't You Write Me" - a song recorded with Art Garfunkel on Bridge over Troubled Water - sound like a Jamaican song, but felt it ended up sounding like a "bad imitation." Simon was instructed by the musicians on the differences among reggae, ska, and bluebeat. He felt awkward at first because he was "the only white guy there and I was American." Simon later overdubbed piano and vocals to the track back in New York.
Personnel
Paul Simon – lead vocals
Hux Brown – lead guitar
Wallace Wilson – rhythm guitar
Jackie Jackson – bass guitar
Larry Knechtel – piano
Neville Hinds – organ
Winston Grennan – drums
Denzil Laing – percussion
Cissy Houston, Von Eva Sims, Renelle Stafford, Deirdre Tuck – backing vocals
Chart history
"Mother and Child Reunion" was released as a single on February 5, 1972, reaching No. 1 in South Africa, No. 4 on the US Billboard Hot 100 chart, and No. 5 on the UK Singles Chart. Billboard ranked it as the No. 57 song for 1972.
Weekly charts
Year-end charts
Other renditions by Simon
Simon performed the song on his 1974 live album Paul Simon in Concert: Live Rhymin'.
Covers
Euro-Caribbean vocal group Boney M. recorded a cover of "Mother and Child Reunion" for their 1984 album Christmas with Boney M. However, the album was released only in South Africa. Boney M. producer and vocalist Frank Farian decided to add in other notable musicians to the song, and re-released it in 1985 as a charity single for aid to Ethiopia, in the spirit of earlier charity singles "Do They Know It's Christmas?" and "We Are the World". This single reached the top 10 in several European countries. The song was credited to Frank Farian Corporation, a group that would go on to release albums as the supergroup Far Corporation. The single was also included as a bonus track on the 2007 re-release of Boney M.'s 1985 album Eye Dance.
Johnny Rivers covered the song on his 1972 album L.A. Reggae.
Another cover was featured in the second season of Green Eggs and Ham.
Notes
References
Sources
Further reading
Lacitis, Erik (October 7, 1986). "Dig It: 254 Nonstop Hits! (This Offer is Not Available in Many Stores)," The Seattle Times.
Paul Simon songs
1972 singles
Songs written by Paul Simon
Song recordings produced by Roy Halee
Song recordings produced by Paul Simon
Columbia Records singles
Songs inspired by deaths
1972 songs
Number-one singles in South Africa
American reggae songs
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3993782
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Off%20the%20record
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Off the record
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Off the record may refer to:
Off the record (journalism), a communication that may not be publicly disclosed
Arts, entertainment, and media
Books
Off the Record: The Private Papers of Harry S. Truman, a 1980 book edited by historian Robert Hugh Ferrell
Off the Record: Picking Up the Pieces After Losing My Dream Job at the White House, a 2020 book by Madeleine Westerhout
Music
Albums
Off the Record (Karl Bartos album), 2013
Off the Record (EP), a 2011 EP by American rapper Torae
Off the Record (Kevin Federline album), released as Playing with Fire in 2006
Off the Record (Neil Innes album), 1982
Off the Record (Jesse McCartney album), 2005
Off the Record (Sweet album), 1977
Songs
"Off the Record" (My Morning Jacket song), 2005
"Off the Record" (Tinchy Stryder song), 2011
"Off the Record", a song written by George M. Cohan, appearing in the 1942 film Yankee Doodle Dandy
"Off the Record", a song by Hieroglyphics from the album 3rd Eye Vision
Television
Off the Record (TV series), a 1948 TV series starring Zero Mostel that lasted just 2 episodes on the DuMont network
Girls Aloud: Off the Record, a 2006 reality television series starring pop group Girls Aloud
Off the Record with Michael Landsberg, also known as Off the Record or OTR, a Canadian sports talk television show that aired on TSN
Other uses in arts, entertainment, and media
Off the Record (film), a 1939 American film
Off the Record (play), a 1947 comedy by Ian Hay
Dead Rising 2: Off the Record, a 2011 video game
Other uses
Off the Record (charity), a mental health charity in Bristol, England
Off-the-Record Messaging, an instant messaging encryption system
See also
For the Record (disambiguation)
On Record (disambiguation)
On the Record (disambiguation)
Record (disambiguation)
Sub rosa
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3993784
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Waitemata%20City
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Waitemata City
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Waitemata City was a New Zealand city in the greater Auckland area. It was formed in 1974 from the western part of the old Waitemata County, with both the County and City taking their names from Waitemata Harbour. In 1989, when New Zealand local government bodies underwent a major re-organisation, Waitemata City joined with its southern neighbours, the boroughs of Henderson, Glen Eden, and New Lynn, to form the modern city of Waitakere.
Mayors of Waitemata City were:
References
History of Auckland
Former subdivisions of the Auckland Region
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3993788
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/San%20Felasco%20Hammock%20Preserve%20State%20Park
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San Felasco Hammock Preserve State Park
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San Felasco Hammock Preserve State Park is a Florida State Park in Alachua County, Florida. It is located northwest of Gainesville, Florida on CR 232 (Millhopper Road), just south of the town of Alachua.
Fauna
Among the wildlife of the park are feral pigs, bobcats, white-tailed deer, gray foxes, wild turkeys, and many species of songbirds.
Flora
Many species of hardwood trees, the sandhill, hydric hammock and swamp plant communities, including rare plants.
History
The park includes 56 archaeological sites, representing various eras from the Paleo-Indian period (10,000 to 12,000 years ago) up to the 20th century. The site of the Spanish-era Mission San Francisco de Potano, on the U.S. National Register of Historic Places, is in the park. ("San Felasco" derives from the Seminole pronunciation of "San Francisco".) Spain began granting land to individuals in Florida after 1790, including a grant of to S. D. Fernandez and another grant to a Sanchez in the present-day park. Four of the archaeological sites in the park are possibly associated with those land grants, and/or with the settlement of Spring Grove, which existed in the 1830s and 1840s. The Battle of San Felasco Hammock, part of the Second Seminole War, was fought in the hammock in 1836, but the site of the battle has not been identified. Sites in the park from the 20th century include remains of moonshine stills, a dairy farm, tung oil operations, and a commune.
Recreational activities
Activities include hiking, biking, horseback riding, and nature viewing.
Amenities include of single-track bike, horse, and nature trails.
Hours
Florida state parks are open between 8 a.m. and sundown every day of the year.
See also
Florida State Parks in Alachua County
Mission San Francisco de Potano
References
External links
San Felasco Hammock Preserve State Park at Florida State Parks
San Felasco Hammock State Preserve at Absolutely Florida
San Felasco Hammock State Preserve at Wildernet
Parks in Alachua County, Florida
State parks of Florida
National Natural Landmarks in Florida
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3993790
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tupac%20Amaru%20Shakur%20Center%20for%20the%20Arts
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Tupac Amaru Shakur Center for the Arts
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The Tupac Amaru Shakur Center for the Arts, based in Stone Mountain, Georgia, was a performing arts center supported through the Shakur Family Foundation. The Shakur Center's mission was to provide opportunities for young people through the arts, and offered programs such as drama, dance, and creative writing classes. The organization also ran a Performing Arts Day Camp for youth ages twelve to eighteen.
The center, located off Memorial Drive, was named in honor of the late American hip hop artist Tupac Amaru Shakur, and was founded by his mother Afeni Shakur.
History
The center was founded in 1997 by Tupac Shakur's mother Afeni Shakur in the interest of preserving her son's legacy. It was designed to bring quality arts training to young people including some students who face many social-economic issues such as poverty. Many students have enriched their artistic abilities through this center and some have even received part-time jobs.
In July 1999, the foundation began its first annual summer session of PA camps with twenty campers. The camp continued to grow throughout the years. On June 11, 2005, The Tupac Amaru Shakur Center for the Arts Peace Garden and visitor center was opened. The peace garden was designed as a tribute to Tupac Shakur as well as others who have died. In 2006, the music video for the single Pac's Life, from Tupac's eponymous album was shot on location. Tupac's mother Afeni Shakur also went to Africa in 2006 and fostered a relationship between the Center and the Nelson Mandela Foundation.
After 2006, the foundation showed signs of growth as many additional programs were created such as after-school programs, dance classes, and cultural exchange programs. Fees for these program resembled prices for joining local sports leagues. The foundation also held Tupac birthday concert celebrations since 2009.
Programs
The foundation offered acting, after-school, and dancing classes. In addition, they offered yearly leadership and arts programs. They had also set up cross-cultural exchanges with Japan and South Africa.
Closure of the Center and death of Afeni Shakur
In August 2015, Afeni Shakur sold the property upon which the Tupac Amaru Shakur Center for the Arts stood, for $1.2 million. On May 2 of the following year, Tupac's mother died of a suspected heart attack.
References
External links
The official website of 2Pac
Arts foundations based in the United States
Organizations based in Georgia (U.S. state)
Tupac Shakur
Buildings and structures in DeKalb County, Georgia
Education in DeKalb County, Georgia
Tourist attractions in DeKalb County, Georgia
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3993795
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Waitemata
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Waitemata
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Waitemata or Waitematā may refer to:
Waitemata Harbour, the primary harbour of Auckland, New Zealand
Waitematā (local board area), a local government area in Auckland, New Zealand
Waitematā Local Board, a local board of Auckland Council, formed in 2010
Waitematā and Gulf Ward, a Ward of Auckland Council including the above local board
Waitemata (ship), a Union Steam ship cargo boat used as a troop ship in World War One
Waitemata City, a historical local government area, merged into Waitakere City in 1989
Waitemata (New Zealand electorate), a historical electorate from 1871 to 1946, and from 1954 to 1978
Waitemata AFC, a football club based in Waitemata City
Waitemata Dolphins, a basketball team based in Auckland
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3993799
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Victoria%20Park%2C%20Dingwall
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Victoria Park, Dingwall
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Victoria Park, also known as the Global Energy Stadium for sponsorship reasons, is an all-seater football stadium in the town of Dingwall, Highland, Scotland. It is the home ground of Ross County, who currently play in the Scottish Premiership.
History
Victoria Park has a greater capacity than the population of Dingwall, which was 5,491 at the 2011 census. However the County of Ross and Cromarty from which the club draws much of its support has a population of over 60,000. The largest crowd ever to watch a match at Victoria Park was reported as 8,000, for the Scottish Cup match between Ross County and Rangers in February 1966. The revenue from this match helped to fund construction of the Jail End terrace.
Ross County played in the Highland League until 1994, when they were admitted to the Scottish Football League Third Division alongside Inverness Caledonian Thistle. Victoria Park then became the most northerly ground in the senior section of the Scottish football league system, until Elgin City were admitted in 2000.
Ross County gained promotion to the Scottish Premier League (SPL) by winning the 2011–12 Scottish First Division. The stadium was renovated in the spring and summer of 2012 to meet SPL criteria. This involved installing seats in the Jail End, constructing a new North Stand, installing undersoil heating and providing more car parking. Victoria Park was renamed the Global Energy Stadium, after the company founded by Ross County chairman Roy MacGregor, when the renovation was completed in July 2012.
Structure and facilities
There are four all-seated stands: the West (Main Stand) and the East are on either side of the pitch, while the North Stand (Academy End) and the South Stand (Jail End) are behind each goal. The Jail End is so called because the old County Jail and Sheriff Court were behind it. The jails have since been converted to housing, but the Sheriff Court is still used. Away fans are housed in the Academy End. Home fans occupy all other sections of the stadium. There are corporate hospitality facilities and executive boxes in both the East and West Stands. The Sheriff Court is now closed.
The Dingwall campus of the Highland Football Academy is situated behind the Academy End. It has a three-quarter size 3G astroturf pitch under cover and a full-size Astroturf pitch adjacent to the East Stand, which has markings for football, 5-a-side football and field hockey. The Academy also has three full-size grass pitches, plus additional grassed training and warm-up areas.
Gallery
References
Sources
Football venues in Scotland
Ross County F.C.
Sports venues in Highland (council area)
Scottish Premier League venues
Scottish Football League venues
Scottish Professional Football League venues
Sports venues completed in 1929
Dingwall
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3993800
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Associated%20British%20Picture%20Corporation
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Associated British Picture Corporation
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Associated British Picture Corporation (ABPC), originally British International Pictures (BIP), was a British film production, distribution and exhibition company active from 1927 until 1970 when it was absorbed into EMI. ABPC also owned approximately 500 cinemas in Britain by 1943, as well as a station on the ITV television network. The studio was partly owned by Warner Bros. from about 1940 until 1969; the American company also owned a stake in ABPC's distribution arm, Warner-Pathé, from 1958. It formed one half of a vertically integrated film industry duopoly in Britain with the Rank Organisation.
History
From 1927 to 1945
The company was founded during 1927 by Scottish solicitor John Maxwell after he had purchased British National Pictures Studios and its Elstree Studios complex and merged it with his ABC Cinemas circuit, renaming the company British International Pictures. The Wardour Film Company, with Maxwell as chairman, was the distributor of BIP films. He appointed Joseph Grossman, formerly manager of the Stoll Studios, his Studio Manager.
During its early years the company's most prominent work was that directed by Alfred Hitchcock, including the film Blackmail (1929), usually regarded as the first British all-talkie. Hitchcock worked on a total of twelve pictures for the company before leaving in 1933 to work for the rival British Gaumont, due to his dissatisfaction with the projects he was assigned at British International.
Under Maxwell's paternalistic management the company prospered and during 1933 it acquired British Pathé, which as Associated British-Pathé now functioned as the distribution division. The company was renamed Associated British Picture Corporation in 1933 and was now in a position to vertically integrate production, distribution and exhibition of films.
After Maxwell's death in October 1940, his widow Catherine sold a large number of shares to Warner Bros., who, although the Maxwell family remained the largest shareholders, were able to exercise a measure of control. The studio at Elstree was taken over by the government for the duration of the war. Film production was restricted to B-Pictures made at the company's smaller studio in Welwyn Garden City, which closed in 1950.
After the Second World War
Much of the output of the studio was routine, which restricted its success outside the UK, but after World War II, the company contracted with Warner (by now the largest shareholder, owning 40% of the studio) for the distribution of its films in the United States.
Robert Clark was head of production for the company between 1949 and 1958, and insisted on tight budgeting and the use of pre-existing properties such as books or plays as these already had a demonstrated "public value". Of the 21 films made by ABPC during the 1950s, only two were derived from original screenplays. German-born Frederick Gotfurt was Clark's scenario editor in this period, but his command of English was imperfect and the contracted actor Richard Todd doubted Gotfurt's ability to access the quality of the dialogue in a script. "It was a dreadful place", said Richard Attenborough when remembering ABPC's Elstree facility. "It created nothing in terms of a feeling of commitment." During this period though, the company produced its best remembered titles such as The Dam Busters (Michael Anderson, 1954), and Ice Cold in Alex (1958), whose director J. Lee Thompson was ABPC's most productive during the 1950s.
In 1958, Associated Talking Pictures, the parent company of Ealing Films, was acquired.
Expansion into television
In 1955, the Independent Television Authority (ITA) awarded one of the four initial contracts for commercial television in the UK to ABPC (after original awardee Kemsley-Winnick Television collapsed). The contract was to provide programming on the new ITV network in the Midlands and northern England on Saturdays and Sundays. The board of ABPC had been unconvinced by the merits of entering the television market, but were eventually convinced by the ITA who believed they were the only acceptable option to take the contract. Former head of British Pathé Howard Thomas was appointed as the station's managing director.
Under the name ABC Television, the company came on the air in stages between February and November 1956. Among many television series ABC produced were Opportunity Knocks, The Avengers, Redcap, and the long-running Armchair Theatre drama anthology series.
Following a reallocation of the ITV franchises, ABC Television ceased to exist in 1968; however, unwilling to eject ABPC from the system, the ITA awarded the contract for weekdays in London to a new company that would be joint-owned by ABPC and British Electric Traction (parent company of outgoing franchisee Rediffusion), with ABPC holding a 51% controlling stake. Both companies were initially reluctant to this "shotgun merger", but eventually the new station, christened Thames Television, took to the air in July 1968 (two days after ABC's last broadcast). The 51% controlling stake passed to EMI upon its acquisition of ABPC the following year.
From 1958 onwards
Policies changed after Clark left in January 1958. New projects from the company were limited to those using contracted television comedy performers, and investment in independent productions. The use of Elstree for television production increased. Later successful features from ABPC itself included several films built around the pop singer Cliff Richard, such as The Young Ones (1961) and Summer Holiday (1963).
In 1962, the company acquired 50% of the shares of Anglo-Amalgamated, and made an arrangement with the Grade Organisation to support the production of films by independent producers. During the 1960s, however, the fortunes of the company declined, and in 1967 Seven Arts, the new owners of Warner, decided to dispose of its holdings in ABPC which was purchased in 1968 by EMI, who acquired the remaining stock the following year. (For the subsequent history, see EMI Films.) The entire ABPC library is now owned by StudioCanal.
Subsidiaries of Associated British Picture Corporation
Wholly owned
Associated British Productions Ltd. – Associated British Studios
Associated British Cinemas Ltd. – ABC Cinemas
Associated British-Pathé Ltd. – 1933
Associated British Film Distributors Ltd. – usually only known by its initials ABFD
British and Overseas Film Sales Ltd.
Pathé Laboratories Ltd.
Associated British Cinemas (Television) Ltd. – 1955 – ABC Weekend TV
A.B.C. Television Ltd. – – ABC Weekend TV
A.B.C. Television Films Ltd. – 1966 – Associated British Corporation
Jointly owned
Warner-Pathé Distributors Ltd. (50%) – from 1958
Anglo-Amalgamated Film Distributors (50%) – from 1962
Thames Television Ltd. (51%) – from 1968
References
External links
Associated British Picture Corporation
Defunct film and television production companies of the United Kingdom
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3993813
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ABPC
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ABPC
|
ABPC may refer to:
Associated British Picture Corporation, a British film production, distribution and exhibition company active 1927–1970
Provincial Court of Alberta
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3993825
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arthur%20Butz
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Arthur Butz
|
Arthur R. Butz is an associate professor of electrical engineering at Northwestern University and a Holocaust denier, best known as the author of The Hoax of the Twentieth Century. He achieved tenure in 1974 and currently teaches classes in control system theory and digital signal processing.
Education and career
Butz attended the Massachusetts Institute of Technology from which he received both his Bachelor of Science and, in 1956, his Master of Science degrees. In 1965, he received his PhD from the University of Minnesota. His doctoral dissertation considered a problem in control engineering.
Butz invented the algorithm which bears his name and was published in 1969. It provided a means for computing Hilbert's space-filling curve. This algorithm advanced certain computer search techniques and has certain other applications. Butz is the author of numerous technical papers.
Holocaust denial
In 1976, Butz published The Hoax of the Twentieth Century: The Case Against the Presumed Extermination of European Jewry, which argues that the Holocaust was a propaganda hoax. From 1980 to 2001, Butz was on the editorial board of the Journal of Historical Review, a publication of the Institute for Historical Review, a Holocaust-denying organisation.
Faculty reaction
Butz's Holocaust denial sparked an outrage among the Northwestern University's faculty and community, after the existence of the book was disclosed by The Daily Northwestern in 1977. His views were also criticized by Robert H. Strotz, Northwestern University's then-president at the time of the book's publication. In 1997, Butz drew further criticism after using the university's Internet domain to publish his views.
In 2006, sixty of Butz's colleagues from the Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science faculty signed a censure describing Butz's Holocaust denial as "an affront to our humanity and our standards as scholars". The letter also called for Butz to "leave our Department and our University and stop trading on our reputation for academic excellence."
University President Henry Bienen issued a statement condemning Butz' Holocaust denial, but noted that tenure and academic freedom protected Butz from dismissal as he had kept his denialism separate from his work as an instructor.
Debunking
According to the Anti-Defamation League, "some Holocaust deniers argue that Butz's book has never been refuted by mainstream scholars, but in fact many of his arguments were thoroughly debunked" in books by Deborah Lipstadt (Denying the Holocaust, 1993), John C. Zimmerman (Holocaust Denial: Demographics, Testimonies and Ideologies, 2000) and online web sites such as Nizkor Project and www.anti-rev.org.
Removal from Amazon
In 2017, Amazon.com removed the book along with other Holocaust-denying books from its US and UK sites. The ban of the books was requested by the director of the Yad Vashem library, Robert Rozett, who sent an email to Amazon CEO Jeff Bezos directly.
See also
Criticism of Holocaust denial
Historical revisionism
Historical negationism
References
External links
1933 births
Living people
Academic scandals
American Holocaust deniers
Engineers from New York City
Northwestern University faculty
Massachusetts Institute of Technology alumni
University of Minnesota College of Science and Engineering alumni
Writers from New York City
Activists from New York City
Control theorists
American electrical engineers
Electrical engineering academics
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3993858
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scotty%20Doesn%27t%20Know
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Scotty Doesn't Know
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"Scotty Doesn't Know" is a song written and performed by the American rock band Lustra. Originally written for the 2004 film EuroTrip, the song contains numerous lewd and humorous references to how Scotty's girlfriend, Fiona, has been cheating on him with other partners for an extended period of time. Ironically, despite Fiona’s seemingly obvious affairs, Scotty remains oblivious. Lyrically the song is inspired by the real-life story of the band's high school friend Sheridon, whose middle name was Scotty and is written from the perspective of the person with whom she is having the affair. The song was eventually released on Lustra's 2006 album Left for Dead. The song peaked at #53 on the U.S. Billboard Pop chart, #39 on the Digital Songs chart and at #75 on the Hot 100, mainly due to the high amount of digital downloads.
In 2018, the song received widespread attention in Australia after featuring in the hijacking of the official website of Scott Morrison, the country's Prime Minister.
EuroTrip
In the film EuroTrip, Scotty (Scott Mechlowicz) is dumped by his girlfriend Fiona (Kristin Kreuk) for a band's lead singer (Matt Damon). The band performs the song at a party Scotty is attending and the song is praised by many characters in the film (including Scotty's parents and eventually Scotty himself) as being "catchy". The song becomes something of a popular phenomenon, appearing on the radio and across the world; in Bratislava, the song has been remixed and is playing in a popular nightclub. By the end of the film, it has become so widespread and popular that Scotty's best friend Cooper is able to use it as his cell phone ring tone.
Political significance
On October 18, 2018, the Prime Minister of Australia, Scott Morrison, had his personal website taken over as a prank after his ownership of it was apparently allowed to lapse. Instead of displaying information about the Prime Minister and his policies, the page displayed an image of Morrison with the song "Scotty Doesn't Know" playing on repeat.
The man behind the website claimed to have paid for the domain name.
Chart positions
Certifications
References
2003 songs
2006 singles
Lustra (band) songs
Internet memes introduced in 2018
Music memes
Political Internet memes
Practical jokes
Scott Morrison
Songs about fictional male characters
Songs about infidelity
Songs written for films
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3993864
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William%20Watts%20%28East%20India%20Company%20official%29
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William Watts (East India Company official)
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William Watts (c. 1722 – 4 August 1764) was a British official with the East India Company. He was involved in the overthrow of the last independent ruler of Bengal, leading directly to the consolidation of Company rule in India and his own personal enrichment. Through his wife Begum Johnson, he had notable descendants, including a Prime Minister of the United Kingdom.
Early life and marriage
Watts was born about 1722, a son of William Watts of London, an academy master (teacher), and his first wife Mary Hills.
On 24 March 1749 in Calcutta, William married Frances Altham, née Croke (10 April [1725] 1728 – 3 February 1812), a well-connected widow. She is known to history as Begum Johnson and lived most of her remarkably long life in Calcutta, which in 1772 became the de facto capital of British India. This connected William Watts to the Governors of Fort St. David and of Calcutta.
Career
Watts was proficient in Bengali, Hindustani and Persian languages.
He was chief of the Kasimbazar (or Cossimbazar) factory (trading post) of the East India Company. Robert Clive made Watts the company's representative to the Nawab's court at Murshidabad. Clive engaged Watts to work out a secret plan for the final overthrow of Siraj Ud Daulah and to install a favourable ruler instead. Watts thus set up contact with the dissident emirs (nobles, commanders) of the Murshidabad durbar (court), including Mir Jafar, Rai Durlabh and Yar Lutuf Khan. Watts played a role in forging the grand conspiracy against Siraj Ud Daulah which led to the Battle of Plassey. On 5 June 1757 he visited Mir Jafar and obtained his oath of allegiance.
In recognition of his services, Watts was given £114,000 from the Nawab's treasury and made the governor of Fort William on 22 June 1758, in place of Roger Drake, who had deserted the fort when it was attacked and captured earlier that month. This had been the location of the Black Hole of Calcutta on 20 June 1756. Four days later Watts resigned in favour of Robert Clive to return to England.
Later life and death
On his return to England he built the South Hill Park mansion, which lies to the south of Bracknell, Berkshire; the building is now an arts centre. In June 1764, he was in the process of buying Hanslope Park, in Buckinghamshire, but died that August. The sale was completed for his son Edward, who became Lord of the Manor.
Watts died in August 1764 and is buried in the Watts vault in Hanslope parish church. His Memoirs of the Revolution in Bengal was published in the year of his death.
Family
He had three surviving children (one child, William, died in infancy). These were also the only surviving children of Frances. All had notable descendants in politics and empire-building.
Their daughter Amelia married George III's close adviser Charles Jenkinson, later the first Earl of Liverpool. An early portrait by Joshua Reynolds is thought to have been of her. She died aged 19, shortly after giving birth to Robert, who grew up to be Prime Minister of the United Kingdom.
Their daughter Sophia married George Poyntz Ricketts of Midgham, Jamaica (named after Midgham, Berkshire, the family seat of the Poyntz) and Grove Place in Nursling, Hampshire. He became governor of Tobago in 1793 and of Barbados the following year, a post he held till his death in 1800. Their son Charles Milner Ricketts (1776–1867) (presumed to be named after Sir William Milner, 2nd Baronet) spent most of his working life in India as a respected administrator, married a sister of Michael Prendergast (MP), and on his retirement became an MP himself.
Their son Edward stayed in Hanslope Park. On 26 March 1778 he married Florentia, daughter of Alexander Wynch, sometime Governor of Madras, who had retired to Harley Street, London.
References
External links
Hanslope and District Historical Society
History of Bengal
1722 births
1764 deaths
People of the British Empire
People of British India
18th-century British businesspeople
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5386921
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20Latin%20Americans
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List of Latin Americans
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This is a list of notable Latin American people, in alphabetical order within categories.
Actors
Norma Aleandro (born 1936)
Héctor Alterio (born 1929)
Rafael Amaya (born 1977)
Imperio Argentina (1906–2003)
Pedro Armendáriz (1912–1963)
Carla Baratta (born 1990)
Adrian Bellani (born 1982)
Diego Bertie (born 1967)
Rubén Blades (born 1948)
Marcela Bovio (born 1979)
Sônia Braga (born 1950)
Richard Cabral (born 1984)
Cantinflas (1911–1993)
Barbara Carrera (born 1951)
Grecia Colmenares (born 1962)
Ricardo Darín (born 1957)
Colman Domingo (born 1969)
Dolores del Río (1904–1983)
Lali Espósito (born 1991)
Jade Esteban Estrada (born 1975)
María Félix (1914–2002)
Andrés García (born 1941)
Andy García (born 1956)
Danay García (born 1984)
Gael García Bernal (born 1978)
Diane Guerrero (born 1986)
Darío Grandinetti (born 1959)
Maribel Guardia (born 1959)
Salma Hayek (born 1966)
Pedro Infante (1917–1957)
Oscar Isaac (born 1979)
Raul Julia (1940–1994)
Katy Jurado (1924–2002)
Libertad Lamarque (1908–2000)
John Leguizamo (born 1964)
Federico Luppi (1936–2017)
Santiago Magill (born 1977)
Christian Meier (born 1970)
Carmen Miranda (1909–1955)
Ricardo Montalbán (1920–2009)
Maria Montez (1912–1951)
Rita Moreno (born 1931)
Jorge Negrete (1911–1953)
Gianella Neyra (born 1977)
Miguel A. Núñez Jr. (born 1964)
Edward James Olmos (born 1947)
Natalia Oreiro (born 1977)
J.D. Pardo (born 1980)
Manny Pérez (born 1969)
Silvia Pinal (born 1931)
Danny Pino (born 1974)
Anthony Quinn (1915–2001)
Dania Ramirez (born 1980)
Emilio Rivera (born 1961)
Zoe Saldana (born 1978)
Catalina Sandino Moreno (born 1981)
Christian Serratos (born 1990)
Benicio del Toro (born 1967)
Christy Turlington (born 1969)
Lupe Vélez (1908–1944)
Sofía Vergara (born 1972)
China Zorrilla (1922–2014)
Gina Rodriguez (born 1984)
Isabela Moner (born 2001)
Artists and designers
See also List of Latin American artists.
Julio Abril (1911–1979), sculptor
Tarsila do Amaral (1886–1973), painter
Fernando Botero (born 1932), painter and sculptor
Luis Camnitzer (born 1937), conceptual artist
José Campeche (1751–1809), painter
Lygia Clark (1920–1988), painter and sculptor
Marcela Donoso (born 1961), painter
Pancho Fierro (1810–1879), illustrator
Gego (1912–1994), geometric-abstract sculptor
José Guadalupe Posada (1852–1913), illustrator and cartoonist, printmaker
Alfredo Jaar (born 1956), installation artist
Frida Kahlo (1907–1954), realist and symbolist painter
Guillermo Kuitca (born 1961), painter
Wifredo Lam (1902–1982), painter
Roberto Matta (1911–2002), painter
Ana Mendieta (1948–1985), performance artist
Lola Mora (1866–1936), sculptor
Hélio Oiticica (1937–1980), painter and sculptor
Francisco Oller (1833–1917), impressionist painter
José Clemente Orozco (1883–1949), mural painter and lithographer
Candido Portinari (1903–1962), painter
Benito Quinquela Martín (1890–1977), painter
Diego Quispe Tito (1611–1681), Cuzco School painter
Armando Reverón (1889–1954), painter
Diego Rivera (1886–1957), muralist
Emilio Hector Rodriguez (born 1950), painter and photographer
José Sabogal (1888–1956), indigenist painter
David Alfaro Siqueiros (1896–1974), social realist painter and muralist
Jesús Rafael Soto (1923–2005), kinetic and op artist
Rufino Tamayo (1899–1991), painter
Joaquín Torres-García (1874–1949), constructivist painter
Remedios Varo (1908–1963), surrealist painter
Fashion
Oscar de la Renta (1932–2014), fashion designer
Nina García (born 1965), fashion editor
Gabriela Hearst (born 1976), fashion designer
Alexandre Herchcovitch (born 1971), fashion designer
Carolina Herrera (born 1939), fashion designer
Mario Testino (born 1954), fashion photographer
Film directors
Alejandro Amenábar (born 1972)
Alfonso Arau (born 1932)
Adolfo Aristarain (born 1943)
Héctor Babenco (born 1946)
Luis Buñuel (1900–1983)
Juan José Campanella (born 1959)
Román Chalbaud (born 1931)
Alfonso Cuarón (born 1961)
Juan Downey (1940–1993)
Guillermo Fantástico González (1945–2020)
Alejandro González Iñárritu (born 1963)
Alejandro Jodorowsky (born 1929)
León Klimovsky (1906–1996)
Fernando Meirelles (born 1955)
Franco de Peña (born 1966)
Arturo Ripstein (born 1943)
Raúl Ruiz (director) (1941–2011)
Walter Salles (born 1956)
Amy Serrano (born 1966)
Guillermo del Toro (born 1964)
Leaders and politicians
José Mujica (born 1935), President of Uruguay
Ali Lenin Aguilera (born 1967), politician
Leandro N. Alem (1841–1896), politician
Nayib Bukele (born 1981), President of El Salvador
Óscar Arias (born 1940), statesman, Nobel Peace Prize
Francisco de Miranda (1750–1813), Supreme Chief of First Republic of Venezuela
Antonio Saca (born 1965), President of El Salvador
Rómulo Betancourt (1908–1981), President of Venezuela
Simón Bolívar (1783–1830), Libertador in Spanish American wars of independence
Anastasio Bustamante (1780–1853), President of Mexico
Plutarco Elías Calles (1877–1945), President of Mexico
Fidel Castro (1926–2016), Prime Minister, later President of Cuba
Alfonso García Robles (1911–1991), diplomat and politician, Nobel Peace Prize
José Gaspar Rodríguez de Francia (1766–1840), Supreme Dictator of Paraguay
Che Guevara (1928–1967), Marxist revolutionary
Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla (1753–1811), Chief instigator of Mexican War of Independence
Benito Juárez (1806–1872), President of Mexico
Juscelino Kubitschek (1902–1976), President of Brazil
Alberto Lleras Camargo (1906–1990), President of Colombia
Leopoldo López (born 1971), Mayor of Chacao, Venezuela
José Martí (1853–1895), leader of Cuban Independence movement
Rigoberta Menchú (born 1959), activist, Nobel Peace Prize
Chico Mendes (1944–1988), trade union leader and environmentalist
Antonio Nariño (1765–1824), political and military leader
Javier Pérez de Cuéllar (1920–2020), United Nations Secretary-General
Adolfo Pérez Esquivel (born 1931), activist, Nobel Peace Prize
Juan Perón (1895–1974), President of Argentina
Carlos Saavedra Lamas (1878–1959), academic and politician, Nobel Peace Prize
José de San Martín (1778–1850), Libertador in Spanish American wars of independence
Augusto César Sandino (1985–1934), guerilla leader and revolutionary
Pancho Villa (1878–1923), guerrilla leader of the Mexican Revolution
Emiliano Zapata (1879–1919), guerrilla leader of the Mexican Revolution
Lula da Silva (born 1945), President of Brazil
Pedro Albizu Campos (1891–1965), president of the Puerto Rican Nationalist Party
Monarchs
Agustin I (1783–1824), independence leader, Emperor of Mexico
Pope Francis (born 1936), Sovereign of Vatican City State
Pedro I (1798–1834), independence leader, Emperor of Brazil
Pedro II (1825–1891), Emperor of Brazil
Imperial/royal consorts
Ana María Huarte (1786–1861), Empress consort of Mexico
Amélie of Leuchtenberg (1812–1834), Empress consort of Brazil
Carlota of Mexico (1840–1927), Empress consort of Mexico
Maria Leopoldina of Austria (1797–1826), Empress consort of Brazil
Maria Teresa, Grand Duchess of Luxembourg (born 1956), Grand Duchess consort of Luxembourg
Máxima of the Netherlands (born 1971), Queen consort of the Netherlands
Teresa Cristina of the Two Sicilies (1843–1889), Empress consort of Brazil
Musicians
Miguel del Águila (born 1957), composer
Michel Camilo (born 1954), pianist and composer
Simón Díaz (1928–2014), composer, actor and singer
Gilberto Gil (born 1942), singer and composer, founder of Tropicália
Chabuca Granda (1920–1983), singer and composer
Rafael Hernández Marín (1892–1965), composer
Antônio Carlos Jobim (1927–1994), pianist, singer and composer
Agustín Lara (1900–1970), composer
Ernesto Lecuona (1896–1963), composer, pianist and conductor
Vinicius de Moraes (1913–1980), singer and composer
Ástor Piazzolla (1921–1992), tango composer
Tito Puente (1923–2000), Latin jazz and mambo musician
Omar Rodríguez-López (born 1975), guitarist
Carlos Santana (born 1947), composer, songwriter and guitarist
Lalo Schifrin (born 1932), composer and pianist
Pedro Suárez-Vértiz (born 1966), pianist, singer and composer
Caetano Veloso (born 1942), singer and composer, founder of Tropicália
Lito Vitale (born 1961), composer and performer
Atahualpa Yupanqui (1908–1992), folk musician
Rosa Antonelli, pianist
Classical
José Antonio Abreu (born 1939), pianist, conductor and composer
Miguel del Águila (born 1957), composer
Claudio Arrau (1903–1991), pianist
Daniel Barenboim (born 1942), pianist and conductor
Agustín Barrios (1885–1944), guitarist and composer
Teresa Carreño (1853–1917), pianist, conductor and composer
Reynaldo Hahn (1874–1947), music, critic, conductor and composer
Eduardo Marturet (born 1953), conductor and composer
Eduardo Mata (1942–1995), conductor and composer
Juan Orrego Salas (1919–2019, composer
Heitor Villa-Lobos (1887–1959), composer
Opera singers
Luigi Alva (born 1927), tenor
Fabiana Bravo (born 1969), soprano
Eduardo Brito (1906–1946), baritone
José Cura (born 1962), tenor
Juan Diego Flórez (born 1973), tenor
Singers
Christina Aguilera (born 1980), pop/R&B singer-songwriter and actress
Álvaro Torres (born 1954), singer-songwriter
Anitta (born 1993), singer-songwriter, actress, and dancer
Desi Arnaz (1917–1986), salsa singer
Rubén Blades (born 1948), salsa singer
Roberto Carlos (singer) (born 1941), singer-songwriter
Cazuza (1958–1990), singer-songwriter
Gustavo Cerati (1959–2014), alternative rock singer-songwriter
Celia Cruz (1925–2003), salsa singer
Kat DeLuna (born 1987), singer
Lali Espósito (born 1991), pop singer-songwriter
Gloria Estefan (born 1957), singer-songwriter
José Feliciano (born 1945), singer-songwriter
Juan Gabriel (1950–2016), ranchera and ballad singer-songwriter
Charly García (born 1951), rock musician
Juan Luis Guerra (born 1957), singer-songwriter
Pedro Infante (1917–1957), singer and actor
Víctor Jara (1932–1973), singer-songwriter
Juanes (born 1972), singer-songwriter
Jennifer Lopez (born 1969), singer-songwriter, dancer, actress, producer
Jorge Negrete (1911–1953), singer-songwriter
Fito Páez (born 1961), singer-songwriter, producer and film director
Prince Royce (born 1989), singer-songwriter
Santaye, singer-songwriter
Ivete Sangalo (born 1972), singer-songwriter
Raul Seixas (1945–1989), composer, singer-songwriter and producer
Shakira (born 1977), Latin pop singer-songwriter
Luis Alberto Spinetta (1950–2012), singer-songwriter
Lynda Thomas (born 1981), alternative rock and eurodance singer-songwriter
Carlos Vives (born 1961), vallenato singer and composer
Bad Bunny (born 1994), reggaeton and latin trap singer-songwriter
Camila Cabello (born 1997), actor, singer-songwriter
Philosophers and humanists
Juan Bautista Alberdi (1810–1884), political theorist
Andrés Bello (1781–1865), humanist, philosopher, educator and philologist
Leonardo Boff (born 1938), early Liberation theologians
Mario Bunge (1919–2020), philosopher
Miguel Antonio Caro (1843–1909), humanist, linguist and politician
Rufino José Cuervo (1844–1911), philologist and linguist
Manuel DeLanda (born 1952), philosopher, professor
José Ingenieros (1877–1925), philosopher and sociologist
Enrique Krauze (born 1947), historian, political and social essayist
Humberto Maturana (1928–2021), proponent of embodied philosophy
Ernesto Mayz Vallenilla (1925–2015), humanist, philosopher and educator
Edmundo O'Gorman (1906–1995), philosopher
Francisco Varela (1946–2001), proponent of embodied philosophy
José Vasconcelos (1882–1959), thinker, educator and essayist
Science and technology
Manuel de Abreu (1894–1962), physician, scientist, inventor of abreugraphy
Francisco Rubio (astronaut) (born 1975), NASA astronaut
Joseph M. Acaba (born 1967), NASA astronaut
Luis Agote (1868–1954), physician and researcher
Ricardo Alegría (1921–2011), physical anthropologist
José Antonio Balseiro (1919–1962), nuclear physicist
Gregorio Baro (1928–2012), radiochemist
Baruj Benacerraf (1920–2011), immunologist, Nobel Prize Medicine
Martha E. Bernal (1931–2001), psychologist
Francisco José de Caldas (1768–1818), naturalist, mathematician, geographer and inventor
Fernando Caldeiro (born 1958), NASA astronaut
Víctor A. Carreño (1911–1967), NASA aerospace engineer
Nabor Carrillo Flores (1911–1967), nuclear physicist
Carlos Chagas (1879–1934), physician and scientist
Franklin Chang Díaz (born 1950), NASA astronaut
Nitza Margarita Cintrón (born 1950), NASA Chief of Space and Health Care Systems
Jacinto Convit (1913–2014), medical scientist, discoverer of vaccines
Oswaldo Cruz (1872–1917), physician, bacteriologist, epidemiologist
René Favaloro (1923–2000), cardiologist, created the technique for coronary bypass
Humberto Fernández-Morán (1924–1999), medical research scientist
Orlando Figueroa (born 1955), NASA Director for Mars Exploration and for Solar System Division
Carlos Finlay (1833–1915), medical scientist, researcher
Julio Garavito Armero (1865–1920), astronomer
Guillermo González Camarena (1917–1965), inventor of an early color television system
Juan Gundlach (1810–1896), naturalist, taxonomist
Salomón Hakim (1922–2011), physician and scientist
Guillermo Haro (1913–1988), astrophysicist, specialist in observational astronomy
Bernardo Houssay (1887–1971), physiologist, Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
Miguel de Icaza (born 1972), free software programmer
Luis Federico Leloir (1906–1987), biochemist, Nobel Prize in Chemistry
Domingo Liotta (born 1924), cardiologist, created first artificial heart
Adolfo Lutz (1855–1940), physician, scientist, infectious disease specialist
Humberto Maturana (1928–2021), biologist, co-author of the theory of autopoiesis
César Milstein (1927–2002), biochemist, Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
Luis E. Miramontes (1925–2004), chemist, co-inventor of the oral contraceptive
Mario J. Molina (born 1943), chemist, Nobel Prize in Chemistry
Salvador Moncada (born 1944), pharmacologist
Rodolfo Neri Vela (born 1952), Ph.D, NASA astronaut
Carlos I. Noriega (born 1959), NASA astronaut
Antonia Novello (born 1944), 14th Surgeon General of the United States
Manuel Elkin Patarroyo (born 1947), pathologist, vaccines specialist
Feniosky Peña-Mora (born 1966), engineer and educator
Felipe Poey (1799–1891), zoologist, specialist in ichthyology
Eduardo H. Rapoport (1927–2017), ecologist, biogeographer
L. Rafael Reif (born 1950), engineer, president of MIT
Andrés Manuel del Río (1764–1849), geologist, chemist
Helen Rodríguez Trías (1929–2001), pediatrician, early advocate for women's reproductive rights
Wilfredo Santa-Gómez (born 1949), psychiatrist
José Santana (economist) (born 1962), specialist in technology and development
Sarah Stewart (cancer researcher) (1905–1976), microbiologist, discovered Polyomavirus
Arnaldo Tamayo Méndez (born 1942), USSR Space Program cosmonaut
Francisco Varela (1946–2001), biologist, co-author of the theory of autopoiesis
Lydia Villa-Komaroff (born 1947), biologist, early Mexican American PhD in the sciences
Klaus von Storch (born 1962), aerospace engineer
Alberto Santos-Dumont (1873–1932), early aviation inventor
Marcos Pontes (born 1963), first AEB/NASA astronaut
César Lattes (1924–2005), experimental physicist
Social scientists
Eugenio María de Hostos (1839–1903), sociologist and educator
Miguel León-Portilla (1926–2019), cultural anthropologist and historian
Milton Santos (1926–2001), human geographer and writer
Hernando de Soto Polar (born 1941), economist
Julio C. Tello (1880–1947), archeologist
Sports
Athletics to Cycling
Athletics
Daniel Bautista (born 1952), Olympic race walk gold medalist
Thiago Braz (born 1993), Olympic pole vault gold medalist
Delfo Cabrera (1919–1981), Olympic marathon gold medalist
Ernesto Canto (born 1959), race walk Olympic gold medalist and World Champion
Joaquim Cruz (born 1963), Olympic 800m gold medalist
Adhemar da Silva (1927–2001), Olympic 2x triple jump gold medalist
Anier García (born 1976), Olympic 110 m hurdles gold medalist
Raúl González (racewalker) (born 1952), Olympic gold medalist
Alberto Juantorena (born 1950), Olympic 2x track gold medalist
Iván Pedroso (born 1972), Olympic long jump gold medalist and 4x World Champion
Jefferson Pérez (born 1974), Olympic 2x race walk gold medalist and 4x World Champion
Dayron Robles (born 1986), Olympic 110 m hurdles gold medalist
Irving Saladino (born 1983), Olympic gold medalist and World Champion
Félix Sánchez (born 1977), Olympic 400m hurdles gold medalist and 2x World Champion
Javier Sotomayor (born 1967), Olympic high jump gold medalist and World Record holder
Juan Carlos Zabala (1911–1983), Olympic marathon gold medalist
Baseball
Luis Aparicio (born 1934), Major League Baseball (MLB) shortstop, Baseball Hall of Fame
Miguel Cabrera (born 1983), MLB first baseman
Roberto Clemente (1934–1972), MLB right fielder, Baseball Hall of Fame
Juan Marichal (born 1937), MLB pitcher, Baseball Hall of Fame
Dennis Martínez (born 1955), MLB pitcher, first Latino to pitch a perfect game
Pedro Martínez (born 1971), MLB pitcher, 3x Cy Young Award winner
Sammy Sosa (born 1968), MLB right fielder, first Latino to hit 500 home runs
José Reyes (infielder) (born 1983), MLB player
Fernando Valenzuela (born 1960), MLB pitcher
Basketball
Carlos Arroyo (born 1979), National Basketbal Association (NBA) point guard
Leandro Barbosa (born 1982), NBA Champion
J. J. Barea (born 1984), NBA Champion
Manu Ginóbili (born 1977), Olympic gold medalist, NBA 2x Champion
Al Horford (born 1986), NBA
Horacio Llamas (born 1973), NBA
Eduardo Nájera (born 1976), NBA
Butch Lee (born 1956), NBA Champion
Boxing
Rosendo Álvarez (born 1970), World Champion
Alexis Argüello (born 1952), World Champion, International Boxing Hall of Fame
Wilfred Benítez (born 1958), World Champion in 3x weight divisions, International Boxing Hall of Fame
Jorge Castro (boxer) (born 1967), World Champion
Julio César Chávez (born 1962), World Champion in 3x weight divisions
Juan Martin Coggi (born 1961), World Champion
Carlos Cruz (boxer) (1937–1970), World Champion
Oscar De La Hoya (born 1972), World Champion in 6x weight divisions
Carlos De León (1959–2020), World Champion
Roberto Durán (born 1951), World Champion in 4x weight divisions
Víctor Galíndez (1948–1980), World Champion
Wilfredo Gómez (born 1956), World Champion
Éder Jofre (born 1936), World Champion
Santos Laciar (born 1959), World Champion
Raúl Macías (1934–2009), World Champion
Kina Malpartida (born 1980), World Champion
Ricardo Mayorga (born 1973), World Champion
Carlos Monzón (1942–1995), World Champion
José Luis Ramírez (born 1958), World Champion
John Ruiz (born 1972), World Champion
José Torres (1936–2009), World Champion
Félix Trinidad (born 1973), World Champion
Chess
Esteban Canal (1896–1981), International Master, honorary International Grandmaster
José Raúl Capablanca (1888–1942), World Champion, International Grandmaster
Cycling
Santiago Botero (born 1972), World Time-Trial Champion
Football to Tennis
Football (soccer)
Alfredo Di Stéfano (1926–2014), chosen one of Spain's Golden Anniversary Players
Diego Maradona (born 1960), co-winner FIFA Player of the 20th Century
Lionel Messi (born 1987), 6x World Footballer of the Year
Pelé (born 1940), co-winner FIFA Player of the 20th Century
Golf
Chi-Chi Rodríguez (born 1935), World Golf Hall of Famer
Horse racing
Javier Castellano (born 1977), jockey, 3x U.S. Eclipse Award for Outstanding Jockey
Ramon Domínguez (born 1976), jockey, 3x U.S. Eclipse Award for Outstanding Jockey
Motor sports
Johnny Cecotto (born 1956), 2x Motorcycle World Champion
Juan Manuel Fangio (1911–1995), 5x Formula One World Champion
Emerson Fittipaldi (born 1946), 2x Formula One World Champion
Carlos Lavado (born 1956), 2x Motorcycle World Champion
Juan Zanelli (1906–1944), Le Mans and European Hill Climb and Formula One race winner
Juan Pablo Montoya (born 1975), 1x CART Champion, 2x Indianapolis 500 winner, Formula One and NASCAR race winner
Nelson Piquet (born 1952), 3x Formula One World Champion
Ayrton Senna (1960–1994), 3x Formula One World Champion
Surfing
Sofía Mulánovich (born 1983), 3x World Champion, Surfing Hall of Fame
Phil Rajzman (born 1982), 2x World Champion
Tennis
Maria Bueno (1939–2018), 19x Champion of Grand Slam events, International Tennis Hall of Fame
Rosemary Casals (born 1948), 12x Champion of Grand Slam events
Gigi Fernández (born 1964), 1x Champion of Grand Slam event
Mary Joe Fernández (born 1971), 2x Champion of Grand Slam events, 2 Olympic gold medals
Gastón Gaudio (born 1978), 1x Champion of Grand Slam event
Andrés Gómez (born 1960), 1x Champion of Grand Slam event
Fernando González (born 1980), 2x Olympic medalist
Gustavo Kuerten (born 1976), 1x Champion of Grand Slam event
Anita Lizana (1915–1994), 1x Champion of Grand Slam event, first Latin American to be ranked World Number One
Nicolás Massú (born 1979), 2x Olympic gold medals
David Nalbandian (born 1982), Tennis Masters Champion
Alex Olmedo (1936–2020), 3x Champion of Grand Slam events
Rafael Osuna (1938–1969), 4x Champion of Grand Slam events
Monica Puig (born 1993), Olympic gold medalist
Marcelo Ríos (born 1975), first Latín Américan man ranked World Number One in the ATP
Gabriela Sabatini (born 1970), 2x Champion of Grand Slam events
Pancho Segura (1921–2017), International Tennis Hall of Fame
Paola Suárez (born 1976), 1x Champion of Grand Slam event
Guillermo Vilas (born 1952), 1x Champion of Grand Slam event
Writers
See also List of Latin American writers (by country).
A-L
Juan Ruiz de Alarcón (c. 1581–1639), dramatist
Isabel Allende (born 1942), best selling novelist
Arambilet (born 1957), created first Latin American story using computerized linetext/ASCII art
Julia Alvarez (born 1950), poet, novelist and essayist
Jorge Amado (1912–2001), modernist writer
Mário de Andrade (1893–1945), poet, novelist, musicologist, art historian and critic
José María Arguedas (1911–1969), novelist
Roberto Arlt (1900–1942), short-story writer, novelist, and playwright
Miguel Ángel Asturias (1899–1974), Nobel Prize in Literature
Mario Benedetti (1920–2009), novelist and poet
Adolfo Bioy Casares (1914–1999), novelist, Cervantes Prize
Roberto Bolaño (1953–2003), novelist, Rómulo Gallegos Prize
Jorge Luis Borges (1899–1986), Cervantes Prize
Giannina Braschi (born 1953), poet, novelist, and essayist
Alfredo Bryce (born 1939), novelist and short story writer
Guillermo Cabrera Infante (1929–2005), novelist and essayist, Cervantes Prize
Alejo Carpentier (1904–1980), novelist and essayist, Cervantes Prize
Carlos Castaneda (1925–1998), New Age and Shamanism author
Julio Cortázar (1914–1984), novelist and short story writer
Juana Inés de la Cruz (1648/1651–1695), poet and dramatist
Rubén Darío (1867–1916), modernist poet
Virgilio Dávila (1869–1943), poet
Julia de Burgos (1914–1953), poet
Jorge Edwards (born 1931), Cervantes Prize
Laura Esquivel (born 1950), novelist
Rosario Ferré (1938–2016), poet, novelist, and essayist
Carlos Fuentes (1928–2012), novelist and essayist, Rómulo Gallegos Prize, Cervantes Prize and Prince of Asturias Award
Rómulo Gallegos (1884–1969), novelist
Gabriel García Márquez (1928–2014), novelist and journalist, Nobel Prize Laureate
Nicolás Guillén (1902–1989), poet
José Hernández (writer) (1834–1886), poet and journalist
Vicente Huidobro (1893–1948), poet, initiator of Creacionismo movement
José Lezama Lima (1910–1976), novelist
Amelia Denis de Icaza (1836–1911) romantic poet
Clarice Lispector (1925–1977), novelist
Luis Lloréns Torres (1878–1944), poet
Luis López Nieves (born 1950), best-selling novelist and tale writer
Dulce María Loynaz (1902–1997), poet, Cervantes Prize Laureate
Leopoldo Lugones (1874–1938), poet
M-Z
Machado de Assis (1839–1908), realist novelist, poet and short-story writer
Monteiro Lobato (1882–1948), novelist and short story writer
Jorge Majfud (born 1970), novelist and essayist
José Martí (1853–1895), poet and essayist
Gregório de Matos (1636–1696), baroque poet
Leopoldo Minaya (born 1963), Cervantes Cultural Association Award
Pedro Mir (1913–2000), poet and writer, Poet Laureate of Dominican Republic
Gabriela Mistral (1889–1957), poet, Nobel Prize
Augusto Monterroso (1921–2003), short story writer, Prince of Asturias Award
Manuel Mujica Láinez (1910–1984), novelist, essayist, journalist and short story writer
Álvaro Mutis (1923–2013), poet, novelist, and essayist, Cervantes Prize, Prince of Asturias Award
Pablo Neruda (1904–1973), poet, Nobel Prize
Amado Nervo (1870–1919), modernist poet
Juan Carlos Onetti (1909–1994), novelist and short-story writer, Cervantes Prize
Nicanor Parra (1914–2018), anti-poet
Fernando del Paso (1935–2018), novelist, essayist and poet, Rómulo Gallegos Prize
Octavio Paz (1914–1998), Cervantes Prize and Nobel Prize
Sergio Pitol (1933–2018), novelist, short story writer and translator, Cervantes Prize
Elena Poniatowska (born 1932), novelist
Manuel Puig (1932–1990), novelist
Horacio Quiroga (1878–1937), short story writer
José Eustasio Rivera (1888–1928), poet and novelist
Augusto Roa Bastos (1917–2005), novelist, Cervantes Prize
Gonzalo Rojas (born 1917), poet, Cervantes Prize
Juan Rulfo (1917–1986), novelist, Prince of Asturias Award
Ernesto Sabato (1911–2011), novelist and essayist, Cervantes Prize
Jaime Sabines (1926–1999), poet
Alfonsina Storni (1892–1938), postmodernist poet
Lygia Fagundes Telles (1923–2022), novelist and short-story writer, Camoens Prize
Arturo Uslar Pietri (1906–2001), novelist, Prince of Asturias Award
César Vallejo (1892–1938), poet
Fernando Vallejo (born 1942), novelist, Rómulo Gallegos Prize
Mario Vargas Llosa (born 1936), novelist and essayist, Cervantes Prize, Nobel Prize
Inca Garcilaso de la Vega (1539–1616), first mestizo author in Spanish language
Xavier Villaurrutia (1903–1950), poet
Others
Ali Lenin Aguilera (born 1967), businessman
José Antonio Bowen (born 1952), jazz musician and college president
Enrique Gratas (1944–2015), television journalist
María Julia Mantilla (born 1983), Miss World 2004
Denise Quiñones (born 1980), Miss Universe 2001
Geraldo Rivera (born 1943), television journalist
Ricardo Salinas Pliego (born 1956), businessman
Carlos Slim (born 1940), businessman, 4x Forbes richest person in world
Lists by nationality
Argentines
Brazilians
Chileans
Colombians
Costa Ricans
Cubans
Dominicans
Ecuadorians
Guatemalans
Haitians
Hondurans
Mexicans
Nicaraguans
Panamanians
Paraguayans
Peruvians
Puerto Ricans
Salvadorans
Uruguayans
Venezuelans
List of people by nationality
See also
List of Hispanic and Latin American Britons
List of Eastern Caribbean people
List of Latin American Jews
Notable U.S.A. Hispanics
Lists of people by ethnicity
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3993870
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John%20Arnup
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John Arnup
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John Douglas Arnup, (May 24, 1911 – October 5, 2005) was a Canadian judge on the Court of Appeal for Ontario, who is best known for having pioneered universal legal aid in Ontario.
Early life and education
Born in Toronto, Ontario, the son of Jesse H. Arnup (1881–1965), a Methodist minister who was Moderator of the United Church of Canada from 1945 to 1946, and Ella Maud Leeson (1883–1966).
He attended Oakwood Collegiate Institute in Toronto, and then received a Bachelor of Arts degree from Victoria College in the University of Toronto in 1932. He received a Bachelor of Laws degree from Osgoode Hall Law School in 1935. He was called to the Ontario bar in 1935.
Career
Arnup was named a King's Counsel in 1950 and practiced law with Mason, Foulds, Davidson, Carter & Kellock (now WeirFoulds LLP). He became one of the leading litigators in Ontario courts, and was named a King's Counsel in 1950. In 1968 he won a notable victory over another noted litigator, John Robinette, in the four-year-long Texas Gulf Sulphur case, at the time the longest civil trial in Canadian legal history. Bertha Wilson, later a judge of the Supreme Court of Canada, described it as "Ontario's two most outstanding counsel facing off against each other under the keen and critical eye of its most outstanding judge," George "Bill" Gale.
In 1949 Arnup played a role in the reorganization of legal education in Ontario in 1949, and he was a bencher (board member) of the Law Society of Upper Canada from 1951 to 1970. As treasurer (president) of the law society 1964-66, he guided the development of Ontario's first program of paid legal aid and facilitated the move of Osgoode Hall Law School from the Law Society to York University.
In 1970 Justice Gale, by then Chief Justice of Ontario, was seeking to strengthen the Court of Appeal for Ontario by recruiting top advocates, beginning with Arnup. "If I can get you, I can get anybody," Gale told Arnup, and Arnup accepted the appointment. Until his retirement in 1985, he was part of what grew into one of Canada's most respected appellate courts.
In 1988, his book Middleton: The Beloved Judge, a biography of former justice of the Supreme Court of Ontario William Middleton, was published.
In 1989, he was made an Officer of the Order of Canada "for his contributions to his Church, to legal education in the Province of Ontario and for his work in the development of Osgoode Hall Law School".
Death
Arnup died on October 5, 2005, In Toronto Canada. He had a illness since October 1. He was 94.
References
1911 births
2005 deaths
Lawyers in Ontario
Judges in Ontario
Officers of the Order of Canada
People from Toronto
Members of the United Church of Canada
Treasurers of the Law Society of Upper Canada
University of Toronto alumni
Osgoode Hall Law School alumni
Canadian Queen's Counsel
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5386923
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry%2C%20Duke%20of%20Lower%20Lorraine
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Henry, Duke of Lower Lorraine
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Henry I ( – c. 1119) was the count of Limburg and Arlon from 1082 to his death and duke of Lower Lorraine between 1101 and 1106. His mother was Jutta, daughter of Frederick, Duke of Lower Lorraine, and his father is uncertain, but possibly named Count Udon.
He opposed Egilbert, Archbishop of Trier, and took back some property which the former Countess Adela had given to the church. Egilbert summoned him to return them, but he refused and was excommunicated. Egilbert took up arms and seriously defeated him.
As superior advocate of the abbey of Sint-Truiden, a title he had inherited from his grandfather Duke Frederick, he intervened in the internal affairs of the abbey. The abbot Herman, named by Poppo, Bishop of Metz, and supported by Godfrey of Bouillon and Henry, fell out with the Emperor Henry IV. Arnold, Count of Loon forced Henry and Godfrey to withdraw from the monastery.
After many local nobles left on the First Crusade, among them Godfrey, Henry's power in the region of Lower Lotharingia (or Lorraine) was greatly increased and he abused it, especially against the monasteries. The emperor intervened and took Limburg in July 1101. Henry was now forced to make submission and he was granted the duchy of Lower Lorraine, which Godfrey had abandoned on Crusade.
As duke, he fell into competition with Godfrey I of Louvain. He demonstrated little in the way of loyalty to the emperor either. He joined Henry V against his father the emperor, but then turned back to the emperor's side. This was unfortunate for the duke, for the emperor died in 1106 and the partisans of Henry V attacked those of his father. The fields were devastated, Limburg was taken, and Henry was imprisoned in Hildesheim. The duchy was transferred to Godfrey of Louvain.
Henry later escaped and tried to retake Limburg and Lower Lorraine. He failed and made peace with the new emperor and duke. He continued nevertheless to employ the ducal title as "Duke of Limburg," the first of a long line. He also readily joined revolts against Henry V, fighting at the side of Lothair, Duke of Saxony at the victories of Andernach in 1114 and Welphesholt on 11 February 1115. He was succeeded by his son Waleran Paganus.
He married Adelaide of Pottenstein (1061–1106), a daughter of Botho of Pottenstein (or Potenstein) and Judith, the daughter of Otto III, Duke of Swabia and Immilla of Turin. They had the aforementioned Waleran and three daughters. One daughter, Adelaide, married Conrad I, Duke of Merania. Henry may also have been the father of Simon, Constable of Jerusalem after the First Crusade.
References
Sources
People excommunicated by the Catholic Church
Dukes of Lower Lorraine
Dukes of Limburg
Margraves of Antwerp
1050s births
1110s deaths
Year of birth uncertain
Year of death uncertain
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5386927
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patsy%20Clark%20Mansion
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Patsy Clark Mansion
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The Patsy Clark Mansion is a Spokane, Washington, United States, residence that was designed by architect Kirtland Cutter in 1897 for mining millionaire Patsy Clark. It is located at 2208 West Second Avenue in the city's historic Browne's Addition. The mansion had long been used as a restaurant. In 2002, a law firm purchased the mansion for $1.03 million in order to rescue the landmark from further deterioration. The mansion now houses a law firm, while still remaining open for private rentals for small events.
It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places as Clark Mansion in 1975. It is included also as a contributing property in Browne's Addition Historic District.
References
External links
Sunset at the Patsy Clark Mansion, Spokane, Washington
Information and Event Reservations Patsy Clark Mansion
HauntedHouses.com
Spokane City-County Historic Preservation Department Patsy Clark Mansion
Henry C Matthews, Kirtland Cutter: Architect in the Land of Promise, University of Washington Press 1998
Buildings and structures in Spokane, Washington
Houses completed in 1898
Houses in Spokane County, Washington
Houses on the National Register of Historic Places in Washington (state)
Kirtland Cutter buildings
Clark Mansion
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3993871
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William%20Alfred%20Buckingham
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William Alfred Buckingham
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William Alfred Buckingham (May 28, 1804 – February 5, 1875) was a Republican who served as the Governor of Connecticut during the Civil War and then as a United States Senator.
Biography
Born in Lebanon, Connecticut, the son of Samuel Buckingham (1770–1850) and Joanna (Matson) Buckingham (1777–1846), Buckingham attended the common schools and Bacon Academy in Colchester, Connecticut but never attended college. He was married on September 30, 1830, to Eliza Ripley, daughter of Dwight and Eliza (Coit) Ripley of Norwich. The couple had two children. William Ripley Buckingham was born October 27, 1836, and died in early childhood on December 12, 1838. Eliza Coit Buckingham was born December 7, 1838, and married William A. Aiken on August 28, 1862.
Career
Buckingham entered into a career in the mercantile industry, and in 1848 helped to organize the Hayward Rubber Company, a business that developed into a successful enterprise.
Buckingham served as the mayor of Norwich, Connecticut from 1849 to 1850, and again from 1856 to 1857. He also served as Norwich's town treasurer and a member of the city council.
Winning the 1858 Republican gubernatorial nomination, Buckingham was elected in 1858 and served as the 41st Governor of Connecticut. He was reelected to the governorship each of the next seven years, in 1859, 1860, 1861, 1862, 1863, 1864 and 1865, serving from May 5, 1858, until May 2, 1866. During his tenure, he dealt successfully with the effects of an economic panic that occurred in the state and with the outbreak of the Civil war. Buckingham arranged for troops, with 54 companies enlisting instead of 10. Before the General Assembly appropriated $2 million for military expenses, Buckingham had begun borrowing money in his own name to finance Connecticut's war efforts.
The outbreak of the Civil War was the major reason for Buckingham's long tenure as Connecticut's governor. A strong supporter of Abraham Lincoln, he hosted Lincoln when Lincoln campaigned in Connecticut, and a personal friendship formed between them. When the President called on the Northern governors to assist him in prosecuting the war, Buckingham worked seven days a week, twelve hours a day. The state's major correspondent with the Federal government, he read and answered letters from troops in the field and visited troops at war as well as at home. Concerned for the welfare of Connecticut troops, he oversaw much of the procurement of men and materials for the war, and he is quoted as saying to an official in Washington: "Don't let any Connecticut man suffer for want of anything that can be done for him. If it costs money, draw on me for it." It is estimated that Connecticut sent 54,882 soldiers to fight in the Civil War.(3) In 1862, the United States Congress passed an act allowing for the enlistment of colored soldiers, and in November 1863, Buckingham persuaded the Connecticut General Assembly to authorize a state regiment of black soldiers, the first of which was to be the Twenty-Ninth. Buckingham is known as a "War Governor" for his work.
Buckingham declined renomination in 1866, and after leaving office, was elected to the U.S. Senate on March 4, 1869, and served until his death on February 5, 1875. While in the Senate, Buckingham served as chairman of the U.S. Senate Committee on Engrossed Bills, the U.S. Senate Committee on Investigation and Retrenchment, and the U.S. Senate Committee on Indian Affairs.
Death and legacy
Buckingham died in Norwich on February 5, 1875. He is interred at Yantic Cemetery, Norwich, Connecticut.
The ship USS Governor Buckingham (1863) is named after him. Buckingham was a benefactor of Yale College and served as president of the Board of Trustees of Norwich Free Academy and as president of the Connecticut State Temperance Union. His house in Norwich is owned by the city and is listed on the National Register of Historical Places. A street and school are named in his honor in Norwich, and a statue of him is inside the State Capitol Building in Hartford.
Buckingham's house in Norwich is listed on the National Register of Historic Places.
See also
List of United States Congress members who died in office (1790–1899)
References
External links
The Political Graveyard
National Governors Association
Govtrack US Congress
Connecticut State Library
American National Biography
Dictionary of American Biography
Buckingham, Samuel G. The Life of William A. Buckingham. Springfield: W.F. Adams Co., 1894
U.S. Congress. Memorial Addresses. 43rd Cong., 2nd sess. from 1874 to 1875. Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, 1875.
1804 births
1875 deaths
People from Lebanon, Connecticut
American people of English descent
Republican Party United States senators from Connecticut
Governors of Connecticut
Republican Party state governors of the United States
Union state governors
Mayors of Norwich, Connecticut
Connecticut city council members
19th-century American politicians
People of Connecticut in the American Civil War
Connecticut Republicans
Bacon Academy alumni
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3993872
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Darcy%20Frey
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Darcy Frey
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Darcy Frey is an American writer and educator from New York. His 1994 book The Last Shot: City Streets, Basketball Dreams won awards and inspired a movie. Frey has published articles in New England Monthly, Rolling Stone, Harper's, and The New York Times Magazine.
He was a contributing editor at Harper's and The New York Times Magazine. Frey won the National Magazine Award and the Livingston Award for "The Last Shot", a 1993 article published in Harper's that Frey developed into his first book. The article was included in The Best American Essays 1994.
Education
Frey graduated from Oberlin College in 1983.
Career
Frey refers to his writing as "narrative non-fiction". Meticulous research and crisp prose bolster the cornerstone of his work: his eye for intriguing, sometimes obscure, subjects. For example, he observed Long Island air traffic controllers for five months to write "Something's Got to Give", a piece published in The New York Times Magazine. The article inspired the film Pushing Tin.
Frey has also written about environmental topics, such as global warming. He profiled George Divoky, a research scientist in the Arctic, for "George Divoky's Planet," which appeared in The New York Times Magazine in 2002. The article inspired the National Theatre of Great Britain's production of "Greenland" and was included in "The Best American Science Writing 2002."
Frey has taught literary nonfiction writing at the University of Chicago, Columbia University's Graduate Writing Program and Harvard University.
The Last Shot
Frey published a single book entitled The Last Shot, about basketball and the game's effect on urban youth. Beginning in the summer of 1991, Frey spent nine months with members of the Abraham Lincoln High School basketball team. The school, located in Coney Island, is well known for its basketball program. One of the players Frey followed, Stephon Marbury, went on to play for the NBA's Minnesota Timberwolves, New York Knicks, and Boston Celtics, before playing in China.
Others weren't so lucky. One player, Darryl Flicking (whose name is changed to "Russell Thomas" in the book), lost his scholarship to Temple University because he couldn't surpass the 700 SAT score required to be NCAA eligible. He became homeless and an Amtrak train hit and killed him in 1999. Another player, Tchaka Shipp, works manual labor for $8.50 an hour, according to "Betrayed by the Game", a follow-up published in The New York Times Magazine in 2004.
The Last Shot reveals the demeaning aspects of urban athletics—children are tempted by the multi-millionaire lifestyle of NBA stars and become convinced of their heroic prowess, usually at the expense of their education; most don't end up with a basketball career. It also documents the harsh effects of Proposition 48, the rule that requires at least a 700 on the SAT for NCAA eligibility.
References
External links
Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
American essayists
American male journalists
Journalists from New York City
Sportswriters from New York (state)
Oberlin College alumni
Ethical Culture Fieldston School alumni
American male essayists
Livingston Award winners for National Reporting
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5386934
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amvrosiivka%20Raion
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Amvrosiivka Raion
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Amvrosiivka Raion (, translit.: Amvrosiivs'kyi raion; , translit.: Amvrosievskiy raion) was a raion (district) within the eastern part of Donetsk Oblast in Eastern Ukraine. The raion was abolished on 18 July 2020 as part of the administrative reform of Ukraine, which reduced the number of raions of Donetsk Oblast to eight. However, since 2014 the raion was not under control of Ukrainian government and has been part of the Donetsk People's Republic which continues using it as an administrative unit. The administrative center of the raion is the town of Amvrosiivka.
The last estimate of the raion population, reported by the Ukrainian government, was .
Geography
The raion has an international border with the Russian Federation (Rostov Oblast) to its east and south, Starobesheve Raion to its southwest, cities of Donetsk and Makiivka to the west, and Shakhtarsk Raion to its north. The border with Russia stretches here for . The raion was established on 7 March 1923 as a part of Taganrog Uyezd (county), Donetsk Governorate initially, a month later it was included into the Stalino Okruha (Yuzivka, at first). Eventually the raion became a part of the Donetsk Oblast.
The raion is located in the southern portion of the Donetsk Ridge and its territory belongs to a steppe zone of Ukraine. On the territory of the raion are located following natural landmarks:
Gultch Horka - here can be found eremurus of the Ice Age
Regional landscape park "Donetsk Ridge"
Berdyanka tract, a part of the Berdyansk State Reserve
Pristenske tract, a local reserve
Gultch Kazenna, an archaeological landmark of Paleolithic period
Within the Amvrosiivka Raion there is: one city (Amvrosiivka), 3 urban-type settlements (Kuteynykove, Novoamvrosiivs'ke, and Voykovskyi), 30 selsoviets, and 43 settlements. Also included within the raion are: 14 industrial organizations, 4 construction and transport organizations, 12 kolhozy, 11 sovhozy, 2 pizza companies, 10 hospitals, 35 schools, 24 clubs, 38 libraries and music schools.
An architectural monument in the raion is the Ioanno-Bohoslovska Church (1905-selo Vasyl'evka). Before 1917 the raion was part of the Don Host Oblast in the Russian Empire.
Settlements
Voikovskyi (; formerly: since the 19th century-1940 Kapany) is an urban-type settlements (townlet) with a population of 1,476. A brick factory by the name of Voikova lies within the city, formerly known as Metallist, as well as 2 libraries.
Kuteinykove (; since 1878) is an urban-type settlement (townlet) with a population of 2,156. The town comprises the Bondaryevskoe, Zaliznichnoe, Zerkalnoe, Klenovka, Merzhki, Metallist, Petrenki, Pobeda and Svobodnoe settlements.
Novoamvrosiivske (; since the 19th century) is an urban-type settlements (townlet) with a population of 2,582. A hospital, and 2 libraries are located within the city.
Blahodatne (; in 1801-1926 Amvrosiivka) is a selo (village) with a population of 3,648. Blahodatne is a former kolkhoz, Kalinina. A hospital, and 2 libraries are located within the city. The city comprises the Velikoe Mishkove, Zhukova Balka, Kotovskogo, Mala Shishovka, Novoklinovka, Novopetrovka, Podniki, Svistuny and Seyatel' settlements.
Demographics
As of the Ukrainian Census of 2001:
Ethnicity
Ukrainians: 71.0%
Russians: 26.2%
Belarusians: 0.6%
Armenians: 0.5%
Language
Russian: 55.8%
Ukrainian: 43.5%
See also
Administrative divisions of Donetsk Oblast
References
External links
Verkhovna Rada website - Administrative divisions of the Amvrosiivka Raion
Former raions of Donetsk Oblast
1923 establishments in Ukraine
Ukrainian raions abolished during the 2020 administrative reform
Donetsk People's Republic
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3993887
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Goizueta%2C%20Navarre
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Goizueta, Navarre
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Goizueta is a town and municipality located in the province and autonomous community of Navarre, northern Spain.
History
The Spanish conquest of Iberian Navarre started in 1512 with a Guipuzkoan militia capturing it on 10 July 1512.
References
Bustillo Kastrexana, Joxerra (2012). Guía de la conquista de Navarra en 12 escenarios. Donostia: Txertoa Argitaletxea.
External links
GOIZUETA in the Bernardo Estornés Lasa - Auñamendi Encyclopedia (Euskomedia Fundazioa)
Municipalities in Navarre
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3993896
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enclosure%20Services%20Interface
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Enclosure Services Interface
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The Enclosure Services Interface (ESI) is a computer protocol used in SCSI enclosures. This is part of a chain of connections that allows a host computer to communicate with the enclosure to access its power, cooling, and other non-data characteristics. This overall approach is called SCSI attached enclosure services:
The host computer communicates with the disks in the enclosure via a Serial SCSI interface (which may be either FC-AL or SAS). One of the disk devices located in the enclosure is set up to allow SCSI Enclosure Services (SES) communication through a LUN. The disk-drive then communicates with the SES processor in the enclosure via ESI. The data sent over the ESI interface is simply the contents of a SCSI command and the response to that command.
In fault-tolerant enclosures, more than one disk-drive slot has ESI enabled to allow SES communications to continue even after the failure of any of the disk-drives.
ESI electrical interface
The ESI interface was designed to make use of the seven existing "SEL_n" address signals which are used at power-on time for establishing the address (ALPA) of a disk-drive. An extra eighth signal called "-PARALLEL ESI" is used to switch the function of the SEL_n signals.
ESI command sequence
A SCSI Send Diagnostic command or Receive Diagnostic Results command is sent from the host computer to the disk-drive to initiate an SES transfer. The Disk-drive then asserts "-PARALLEL ESI" to begin this sequence of ESI bus phases:
Finally, the disk-drive deasserts "-PARALLEL ESI".
The above sequence is just a simple implementation of a 4-bit wide parallel interface which is used to execute a SCSI transaction. If the CDB is for a Send Diagnostic command then the data is sent to a SCSI diagnostic page in the enclosure. If the CDB is for a SCSI Receive Diagnostic Results command then the data is received from a SCSI diagnostic page. No other CDB types are allowed.
Alternatives to ESI
There are two common alternatives ESI:
Standalone Enclosure Services uses a direct connection which does not require ESI
SSA enclosures use an interface called DSI which is similar to ESI
Specifications
The definition of the ESI protocols is owned by an ANSI committee and defined in their specifications ANSI SFF-8067 and ANSI SFF-8045.
SCSI
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5386935
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bell%20Town%2C%20Tennessee
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Bell Town, Tennessee
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Bell Town, Tennessee (also known as Belltown) is an unincorporated rural community located in southern Cheatham County along U.S. Highway 70.
Bell Town has traditionally been an African American community. Folk history has it that the traditional residents are descendants of the slaves of Middle Tennessee ironmaster Montgomery Bell; as Bell was widely reputed to have had several slave mistresses, many inhabitants claim descent from Bell via these women. A primary school was located here until it was closed by racial integration in the 1960s; the renovated building now serves as an office for a religious ministry.
In the last two decades there has been considerable growth in the area, including, as racial attitudes have softened, a considerable influx of whites.
Apparently Bell Town has never had a United States Post Office; the community's address is Kingston Springs, Tennessee. As neither Kingston Springs nor the nearby community of White Bluff have traditionally had an appreciable black population, Bell Town has served the purpose of providing these two towns with a black-oriented residential area, a purpose the community still functions in to some degree.
As Bell Town is neither an incorporated town nor a census-designated place, any estimate of its population is of necessarily limited accuracy due to the absence of any well-defined boundaries, but is generally regarded to be less than 200 persons.
Cemetery
The Bell Town Cemetery is a historic cemetery that has been used by African Americans for generations. In 2017, the cemetery was an area of conflict when neighboring white landowners denied family members of the buried persons access to the graves.
References
Unincorporated communities in Cheatham County, Tennessee
Unincorporated communities in Tennessee
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5386941
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osmotic%20shock
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Osmotic shock
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Osmotic shock or osmotic stress is physiologic dysfunction caused by a sudden change in the solute concentration around a cell, which causes a rapid change in the movement of water across its cell membrane. Under hypertonic conditions - conditions of high concentrations of either salts, substrates or any solute in the supernatant - water is drawn out of the cells through osmosis. This also inhibits the transport of substrates and cofactors into the cell thus “shocking” the cell. Alternatively, under hypotonic conditions - when concentrations of solutes are low - water enters the cell in large amounts, causing it to swell and either burst or undergo apoptosis.
All organisms have mechanisms to respond to osmotic shock, with sensors and signal transduction networks providing information to the cell about the osmolarity of its surroundings; these signals activate responses to deal with extreme conditions. Cells that have a cell wall tend to be more resistant to osmotic shock because their cell wall enables them to maintain their shape. Although single-celled organisms are more vulnerable to osmotic shock, since they are directly exposed to their environment, cells in large animals such as mammals still suffer these stresses under some conditions. Current research also suggests that osmotic stress in cells and tissues may significantly contribute to many human diseases.
In eukaryotes, calcium acts as one of the primary regulators of osmotic stress. Intracellular calcium levels rise during hypo-osmotic and hyper-osmotic stresses.
Recovery and tolerance mechanisms
For hyper-osmotic stress
Calcium plays a large role in the recovery and tolerance for both hyper and hypo-osmotic stress situations. Under hyper-osmotic stress conditions, increased levels of intracellular calcium are exhibited. This may play a crucial role in the activation of second messenger pathways.
One example of a calcium activated second messenger molecule is MAP Kinase Hog-1. It is activated under hyper-osmotic stress conditions and is responsible for an increase in the production of glycerol within the cell succeeding osmotic stress. More specifically, it works by sending signals to the nucleus that activate genes responsible for glycerol production and uptake.
For hypo-osmotic stress
Hypo-osmotic stress recovery is largely mediated by the influx and efflux of several ions and molecules. Cell recovery after hypo-osmotic stress has shown to be consistent with an influx of extracellular Calcium. This influx of calcium may alter the cell's permeability.
Additionally, some organisms have been shown to use phenothiazines to regulate and prevent the efflux of amino acids. Changes in the cell's permeability allows the efflux of amino acids during recovery.
Hypo-osmotic stress is correlated with extracellular ATP release. ATP is used to activate purinergic receptors. These receptors regulate sodium and potassium levels on either side of the cell membrane.
Osmotic damage in humans
See also
Osmolyte
Myo-Inositol
Taurine and Taurine-transporting ATPase
Creatine
Betaines
Trimethylglycine – A Betaine and metabolite of Choline
Sorbitol
Glycerophosphocholine
References
Cell biology
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3993898
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morecambe%20Bay%20cockling%20disaster
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Morecambe Bay cockling disaster
|
The Morecambe Bay cockling disaster occurred on the evening of 5 February 2004 at Morecambe Bay in North West England, when at least 21 Chinese illegal immigrant labourers were drowned by an incoming tide after picking cockles off the Lancashire coast.
Disaster
David Anthony Eden, Sr., and David Anthony Eden, Jr., a father and son from England, had allegedly arranged to pay a group of Chinese workers £5 per 25 kg (9p per lb) of cockles. The workers had been trafficked via containers into Liverpool, and were hired out through local criminal agents of international Chinese Triads. The cockles to be collected are best found at low tide on sand flats at Warton Sands, near Hest Bank. Some 30 cockle pickers set out at 4pm. The favoured area for cockle picking is close to the low tide line near the confluence of the Keer Channel and the Kent Channel, approximately north of Morecambe. The Chinese workers were unfamiliar with local geography, language, and custom. They were cut off by the incoming tide in the bay around 9:30 p.m.
The emergency services were alerted by a mobile phone call made by one of the workers, who spoke little English and was only able to say "sinking water" before the call was cut off. An extensive search and rescue operation was launched. Twenty-one bodies, of men and women between the ages of 18 and 45, were recovered from the bay after the incident. Two of the victims were women; the vast majority were young men in their 20s and 30s, with only two being over 40 and only one, a male, under 20. Most of the victims were previously employed as farmers, and two were fishermen. All the bodies were found between the cockling area and shore, indicating that most had attempted to swim but had been overcome by hypothermia. Four of the victims died after the truck they used to reach the cockling area became overwhelmed by water. A further two cocklers were believed to have been with those drowned, with remains of one being found in 2010.
At the subsequent hearing, British cocklers returning to shore on the same evening were reported to have attempted to warn the Chinese group by tapping their watches and trying to speak with them. A survivor testified that the leader of the group had made a mistake about the time of the tides. Fourteen other members of the group are reported to have made it safely to the shore, making 15 survivors in total. The workers were all illegal immigrants, mainly from the Fujian province of China, and have been described as being untrained and inexperienced.
Prosecutions
David Anthony Eden, Sr., and David Anthony Eden, Jr., from Prenton, Merseyside, who bought cockles from the work gang, were cleared of helping the workers break immigration law.
Gangmaster Lin Liang Ren was found guilty of the manslaughter of at least 21 people (two further cocklers were thought to have been killed, but their bodies were never found). Ren, his girlfriend Zhao Xiao Qing and his cousin Lin Mu Yong were also convicted of breaking immigration laws. Ren was sentenced to 12 years for manslaughter, 6 years for facilitating illegal immigration (to be served concurrently with the manslaughter sentence), and 2 years for conspiracy to pervert the course of justice (to be served subsequent to the manslaughter sentence). Lin Mu Yong was sentenced to four years and nine months. Zhao Xiao Qing was sentenced to 2 years and 9 months for facilitation of illegal immigration and perverting the course of justice.
Media
The 2006 film Ghosts, directed by Nick Broomfield, is a dramatisation of the events leading up to the disaster.
A 2006 documentary Death in the Bay: The Cocklepickers' Story, was commissioned by Channel 4 as part of The Other Side from local filmmaker Loren Slater, who was one of the first people on the scene.
In 2009, Ed Pien's work Memento, commissioned by the Chinese Arts Centre, was developed in response to the plight of illegal immigrants, especially those who died at Morecambe Bay.
In 2010, artist Isaac Julien released his film Ten Thousand Waves about the disaster.
The 2007 folk song "On Morecambe Bay" by folk artist Kevin Littlewood tells the story of the events. This song was later covered by folk musician Christy Moore.
See also
Gangmasters and Labour Abuse Authority
References
External links
BBC report, February 2004
BBC report on inquest
BBC report on the distress call
BBC report on trial, January 2006
BBC report, Lin Liang Ren found guilty
BBC report, Cockler gangmaster gets 14 years
Cockler survivor hates gangmaster
Charity for the survivors
movie website
Ghosts on More4
2004 crimes in the United Kingdom
2004 disasters in the United Kingdom
2004 in England
2000s in Cumbria
2000s in Lancashire
2000s trials
Chinese community in the United Kingdom
Crime in Cumbria
Crime in Lancashire
Deaths by drowning
Disasters in Cumbria
Disasters in Lancashire
February 2004 crimes
February 2004 events in the United Kingdom
Fishing disasters
Illegal immigration to the United Kingdom
Manslaughter in England
Manslaughter trials
Migrant disasters in the United Kingdom
Cockling disaster
Trials in England
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3993908
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/E-epidemiology
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E-epidemiology
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E-epidemiology (also known as Digital Epidemiology) is the science underlying the acquisition, maintenance and application of epidemiological knowledge and information using digital media such as the internet, mobile phones, digital paper, digital TV. E-epidemiology also refers to the large-scale epidemiological studies that are increasingly conducted through distributed global collaborations enabled by the Internet.
The traditional approach in performing epidemiological trials by using paper questionnaires is both costly and time-consuming. The questionnaires have to be transformed to analyzable data and a large number of personnel are needed throughout the procedure.
Modern communication tools, such as the web, cell phones and other current and future communication devices, allow rapidly and cost-efficient assembly of data on determinants for lifestyle and health for broad segments of the population. Modern IT technology provides means for storage, organization and retrieval of large amounts of biological and lifestyle data, which will ensure more data and more reliable statistical results. Efficient number crunching computing, using modern analytical tools and simulation based inference procedures allow knowledge to be extracted from the resulting large and complex data-structures.
Web portals directly connected to the studies enables instant feedback and information to the participants. It also allows animations and other web based tools linked to the questionnaires, which can increase the interactivity and facilitates flow of information between the study participant and the study centre. The web portal will also generate a possibility for the Universities to carry out the third assignment, which is to spread the knowledge generated at the University to the public.
Important aspects of e-epidemiology include the development of security and confidentiality preserving solutions to protect individual integrity and research data ownership. But entering an epidemiological trial via the Internet is probably safer than traditional manners. Accurate security programmes and firewalls are a critical condition for handling personal records over the Internet.
See also
Epidemiology
Mathematical modelling of infectious disease
World Community Grid
HealthMap
References
External links
MEB.ki.se - Professor Jan-Eric Litton (faculty homepage), Karolinska Institutet (Swedish website)
https://web.archive.org/web/20060722224532/http://www.phi.man.ac.uk/Presentations/e-epidemiology.pdf
Epidemiology
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3993923
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brainchild
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Brainchild
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Brainchild may refer to:
Brainchild (band), a local supergroup from Youngstown, Ohio, 1969–1972
Brainchild (Society of Soul album), 1996
Brainchild (Circle of Dust album), 1994
Fictional comic characters in the Marvel Universe:
Brainchild (comics)
Brain-Child,
Brainchild, a project related to the industrial band Circle of Dust
Brainchild, a 1981 novel by Andrew Neiderman
Brainchild (TV series)
See also
Idea, colloquially referred to as a "brainchild"
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5386942
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timewyrm%3A%20Exodus
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Timewyrm: Exodus
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Timewyrm: Exodus is an original Doctor Who novel, published by Virgin Publishing in their New Adventures range of Doctor Who novels. It is a sequel to author Terrance Dicks' 1969 Second Doctor story The War Games as well as the second part of the ongoing four novel Timewyrm narrative.
Synopsis
The Doctor and Ace arrive in London 1951, but discover that somehow the Nazis have won the war. They must travel back into the history of Adolf Hitler and the Nazi party to ensure that history is restored to its proper course.
Plot
After escaping from a trap devised by the Doctor, the Timewyrm sets about plotting her revenge. She decides to use the Earth against the Doctor, and travels forward in history until she finds a moment where human technology reached the point where global devastation was possible. She also needed a living vessel to execute her plans, and soon finds a bitter, neurotic madman filled with hate and resentment. But as soon as the Timewyrm enters the chosen mind, she became trapped within it.
The TARDIS follows the Timewyrm's course through time, and arrives in 1951 London, at the Festival of Britain. The Doctor and Ace set out to find the Timewyrm, but quickly notice that something is different – the Nazis have won World War II. Overheard by a local Nazi informant, the Doctor and Ace are arrested by the British Free Corps for making seditious, anti-Nazi statements. They are put under the charge of Lieutenant Hemmings.
The Doctor decides that they must return to the TARDIS and track down the source of the changes to history. After calmly enduring some Nazi psychological interrogation techniques, the Doctor tricks Hemmings into allowing them to escape, but the TARDIS was gone, taken by the British Free Corps. The Doctor decided to impersonate a high-ranking Nazi official (previously murdered by the British resistance, and found by the Doctor and Ace) to ingratiate himself with the Nazis. He and Ace walk into the office of Nazi General Strasser and convince him that the Doctor was conducting a secret investigation into Nazi security.
The Doctor uses his freedom and influence to visit the war archives, housed in the former British Museum, hoping to pinpoint where history diverged. While there, he comes into brief psychic contact with the Timewyrm. However, the Doctor wasn’t sure that she was really behind the revised timeline, as it seems too subtle and precise for her. Meanwhile, Ace makes contact with the British resistance to find out more about what happened during World War II. She learns of rumours of a Black Coven, a cult of mystics who were using supernatural powers to assist the Reich.
Though their cover is eventually exposed, the Doctor and Ace manage to evade Hemmings and get back to the TARDIS. Before they leave 1951, Ace catches a glimpse of Hemmings entering something that looked like the Doctor's TARDIS, which disappeared with the same familiar TARDIS sound.
The TARDIS arrives in 1923, where the Doctor and Ace witness a failed demonstration by the young and disorganised Nazi Party on the War Office in Berlin. The police break up the demonstration, injuring a young Adolf Hitler. The Doctor rushes to Hitler's aid, resets his dislocated shoulder, and tells him that one day he will rule Germany. The Doctor asks that Hitler remember him when that day comes. As they are returning to the TARDIS, a shadowy figure in dark clothes approaches the Doctor, clearly recognising him, and attempts to kill him with some sort of laser gun. Thanks to a bit more nitro-nine-a, Ace helps the Doctor escape from his would-be assassin.
Travelling forward to 1939, the Doctor and Ace witness another Nazi rally, this time in Nuremberg, which is far, far larger. Hitler is now ruling Germany, as the Doctor promised. As Ace listens to Hitler's speech, she realised that his words are having a hypnotic effect even on her. The Doctor suspects that his speech was being boosted somehow, using technology that shouldn’t exist in 1939. The Doctor and Ace ingratiate themselves once again with Hitler, and are treated as honoured guests. Later that night, Hitler and the Doctor discuss the impending war, when Hitler suddenly bursts into an uncontrollable rage. He threatens not only to destroy his enemies throughout Europe, but also to destroy the entire planet, the galaxy, and the universe itself. Later, the Doctor tells Ace that he believes the Timewyrm is trapped within Hitler's mind, providing him with knowledge but unable to exercise any real control.
The following day, the invasion of Poland begins. The Doctor is with Hitler and his inner circle, waiting to receive the United Kingdom's official response to the invasion. Hitler is confident that the British will stop short of declaring war, but the Doctor advises him otherwise. When the Doctor turns out to be correct, Hitler goes into another rage, from which the Doctor manages to calm him. Meanwhile, Ace receives a letter intended for the Doctor asking him to meet with a Dr. Kriegslieter of the Aryan Research Bureau. Thinking this meeting might reveal information useful to the Doctor, Ace goes in his place.
While the Doctor has clandestine meetings first with Goering, then with Himmler, both involving the state of Hitler's mental health, Ace walks into a trap set for the Doctor. Ace is transported somehow to a castle in Drachensburg and held in a dungeon. When the Doctor extricates himself from the political intrigue surrounding Hitler, he finds a note left by Ace. Fearing the worst, he follows her path to the Berlin office of the Aryan Research Bureau, where he finds a crystal ball that showing an image of Ace being shackled to a dungeon wall and threatened menacingly with a knife. The Doctor finds a transport device linking the offices in Berlin with the castle in Drachensberg, using the device to go after Ace.
In Drachensberg, the Doctor is introduced to the mysterious Dr. Kriegslieter, a hideously misshapen man. Kriegslieter turns out to be the War Chief, a renegade Time Lord the Doctor had faced long ago (see The War Games), the deformities being a result of a botched regeneration. Once again, the War Chief was working with the War Lords to develop a superior race of soldiers from Earth's history. They had been amplifying Hitler's natural leadership abilities to manipulate World War II. They would make sure Hitler avoided his major mistakes (such as the delay at Dunkirk and the opening of the second front against the Soviet Union), and with the aid of a nuclear reactor in the basement, see to it that Nazi Germany takes over the world, and eventually, beyond. Ace would be sacrificed according to ancient mystical rites invented by the War Chief to amuse the gullible Himmler, whose SS were loyal to the War Chief.
When Himmler arrives for the ceremony, the Doctor attempts to expose the War Chief as a traitor to the Reich, but to no avail. As the ritual sacrifice proceeds, the Doctor appeals to Himmler to allow him to perform the sacrifice personally, arguing that the ritual would have more meaning if he were to personally sacrifice this young woman whom Himmler believed was his niece. The Doctor uses the sacrificial knife to cut Ace's bonds, and uses Ace's last nitro-nine-a capsule to give escape to the top of the castle's tower. Outside, Goering has arrived with a panzer division, advancing against Drachensberg. The Doctor explains that he had told Goering that treachery against Hitler was taking place at the castle. The War Chief's zombified soldiers are unable to repel Goering. As the battle concludes, Hitler arrives by aeroplane. The Doctor explains to Hitler that Kriegslieter was behind everything, while also convincing him that both Himmler and Goering are loyal heroes of the Reich. Hitler thanks the Doctor again for his service, then states that, with the Doctor's assistance, he has learned to tame the Timewyrm within him and draw on her immense power as his own. The Doctor realises with horror that he had given Hitler the emotional control necessary to win the war.
After Hitler and the others leave, the War Chief rises from the battlefield. At his command, all of the apparently dead SS soldiers rise as well. The Doctor and Ace run back into the castle and bolt the door. While Ace holds the zombies off with grenades, the Doctor runs to basement to set the nuclear reactor to overload. The Doctor and Ace then return to the top of the tower, where the Doctor produces a small device that brings the TARDIS to them, and they make their escape. The reactor explodes, triggering the War Chief's regeneration, but destroying his zombie soldiers.
Back in the TARDIS, the Doctor devises a plan to deal with Hitler and the Timewyrm. Consulting a World War II almanac, the Doctor picks the precise time, May 1940. and place, codenamed Felsennest, for their confrontation. There, armed only with a lantern, the Doctor confronts Hitler. He tells Hitler that Hitler alone is in charge, and that the Timewyrm was nothing compared to his greatness. This has the desired effect, luring the Timewyrm out into the open. The Doctor offers to allow the Timewyrm to take over his mind if she releases Hitler. The Timewyrm accepts, but the Doctor's lantern was really an extension of the TARDIS forcefield which he uses to repel the Timewyrm. Hitler becomes confused, suddenly robbed of his power and confidence. The Doctor persuades him to halt the advance on Dunkirk and delay the invasion of Britain, and the historical course of the war is maintained.
Back in the TARDIS, Ace celebrates their success, but the Doctor blames himself for freeing the Timewyrm from the mortal trap of Hitler's mind, but instead she is free to roam the universe. To console him, Ace suggests that they return to 1951 to see the real Festival of Britain. When they arrive, everything is back to normal.
Somewhere in the universe of time and space, the Timewyrm congratulates Lieutenant Hemmings on his progress, and promises him that he will soon have his revenge upon Ace and the Doctor.
See also
Hypothetical Axis victory in World War II This page includes an extensive list of other Wikipedia articles regarding works of Nazi Germany/Axis/World War II alternate history.
References
External links
The Cloister Library – Timewyrm: Exodus
Virgin New Adventures
1991 British novels
1991 science fiction novels
Novels by Terrance Dicks
Alternate Nazi Germany novels
Cultural depictions of Adolf Hitler
Cultural depictions of Heinrich Himmler
Cultural depictions of Hermann Göring
Seventh Doctor novels
Novels about time travel
Novels set during World War II
Fiction set in 1923
Fiction set in 1939
Fiction set in 1951
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5386961
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kermani
|
Kermani
|
Kermani () may refer to:
Kermani (surname)
Kermani, Kerman, a village in Kerman Province, Iran
Kermani, Yazd, a village in Yazd Province, Iran
See also
Kamani (disambiguation)
Kirmani
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5386969
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kirmani
|
Kirmani
|
Kirmani or Kermani () is a locational surname of Persian origin, which originally meant a person from the city of Kerman, Iran. Notable people with the surname include:
Abu al-Hakam al-Kirmani (died 1066), Andalus philosopher
Afdhal al-Din abu Hamid Kermani (1136–1218), Persian writer
Ali Movahedi-Kermani (born 1931), Iranian politician
Asif Kirmani, Pakistani senator
Auhaduddin Kermani (died 1298), Persian poet
Burhan-ud-din Kermani (died 1449), Persian physician
Faris Kermani (born 1952), Pakistani film director
Hamid al-Din al-Kirmani (died 1021), Persian theologian
Daud Bandagi Kirmani (born 1513), Sufi Saint of Qadria Order (modern day Pakistan)
Houshang Moradi Kermani (born 1944), Iranian writer
Karim Khan Kermani (1810-1873), Persian scholar
Kazem Sami Kermani (1935–1988), Iranian politician
Khwaju Kermani (1280–1352), Persian poet
Mehdi Sadegh Taghavi Kermani (born 1987), Iranian wrestler
Milad Kermani (born 1992), Iranian football player
Mirza Aqa Khan Kermani (1854–1897), Iranian literary critic
Morteza Kermani-Moghaddam (born 1965), Iranian football player
Muhammad Aqa-Kermani (fl. 1747), Persian physician
Navid Kermani (born 1967), German writer
Sadiq Kirmani (born 1989), Indian cricketer
Sayed Jaffar (field hockey) (born 1911), Indian Olympian (1932 & 1936 Olympics)
Shams-ud-Din Kermani (died 1384), Persian scholar
Syed Kirmani (born 1949), Indian cricketer
Zaheer Abbas (born 1947), Pakistani Cricketer & President of International Cricket Council
See also
Kermani (disambiguation)
Kerman
List of people from Kerman
Persian-language surnames
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5386979
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timewyrm%3A%20Apocalypse
|
Timewyrm: Apocalypse
|
Timewyrm: Apocalypse is an original Doctor Who novel, published by Virgin Publishing in their New Adventures range of Doctor Who novels, and is the third volume in the Timewyrm quartet. It features the Seventh Doctor and Ace, as well as brief flashbacks and a telepathic message of the Second Doctor.
Synopsis
The Doctor and Ace follow the Timewyrm to the planet Kirith in the far, far future. There they find a peaceful, happy society that hides a dark secret.
Plot
The Doctor and Ace track the Timewyrm to the planet Kirith in the far distant future. When they arrive, they rescue a young Kirithon man named Raphael, who has fallen into the sea. At first, Kirith seems to be a pleasant enough place filled with kind, friendly, and strikingly beautiful people. The Doctor quickly becomes suspicious.
In Kirith town, the Doctor meets a librarian named Miríl, who explains much of Kirith’s background. The Kirithons were once a backward and savage species, until benevolent aliens known as the Panjistri arrived. They shared their knowledge and technology with the Kirithons, and in exchange were given an island known as Kandasi, where they could pursue their studies in private isolation. The Panjistri also provide an endless supply of nourishing food known as zavát. Miríl reveals that, despite all they have learned from the Panjistri, the Kirithons are unable to leave their planet and explore the stars. Certain areas of study were forbidden to the Kirithons by the Panjistri, space flight being one of them. The Doctor studies first the library records and then a nearby ruin before concluding that the Panjistri are lying to the Kirithons to prevent them from developing technologies that could be dangerous to the Panjistri.
Ace, meanwhile, is finding it difficult to spend time with Raphael. Revna, another Kirithon, is very possessive of Raphael and jealous of Ace. Lord Procurator Huldah, the liaison between the Panjistri and Kirithons, warns Raphael to keep away from the strangers. Nevertheless, Ace’s persistence pays off. Raphael tells her he had a friend named Darien who years ago had been accepted into the Brotherhood of the Panjistri due to his amazing musical talent. No one has seen him since, and more strangely, no one except Raphael remembers him. Ace decides they should investigate Kandasi to find out what happened. Reluctantly, Raphael agrees, and they sneak aboard a ship that travels between Kandasi and the mainland. Exploring a base used by the Panjistri reveals strange biological experiments, and a huge, hideous Homunculus which is being grown in a laboratory. The Panjistri discover the intruders, and sends their vicious slaves, known as Companions, to apprehend them. Forced to split up, Raphael returns to Kirith town with Ace’s backpack, while Ace takes refuge in the Darkfell, a creepy-looking forest where the Kirithons were forbidden to venture.
Ace discovers a small group of hideously disfigured people living in the Darkfell known as the Unlike. Their leader, Arun, explains to Ace that they are victims of advanced genetic experimentation who have escaped from the Panjistri. Arun reveals to Ace the secret of zavát: not only does this ubiquitous food source make the Kirithons pliable and easy to control, but it is made from the processed remains of dead Kirithons. Back in Kirith town, Raphael finds the Doctor and Miríl in the library and tells them what he and Ace had discovered. Lord Huldah arrives with four Companions to arrest the Doctor and Miríl. They try to escape, aided by Raphael, but to no avail. Deep in the heart of Kandasi, the Grand Matriarch of the Panjistri and her Companion Fetch observe the capture of the Doctor with interest. But it is really Ace that they needed…
The Unlike tell Ace that their spies had witnessed the Doctor’s capture and saw him taken to the Harbours. Ace makes a bargain with them: if they will help her rescue the Doctor, the Doctor will help cure them of the radiation poisoning inflicted on them by the Panjistri. In the Harbours, the Doctor, Raphael, and Miríl are put in a prison cell with no hope of escape. Reptu, a Panjistri, arrives and informs them that the Doctor will be taken to Kandasi to see the Grand Matriarch. As Reptu leads the Doctor out of the cell, the Doctor bombards him with questions. Beyond the hearing of Raphael and Miríl, Reptu admits that the Panjistri have lied about Kirith’s history and are manipulating the development of the Kirithons. They board a hovercraft for the journey across the water to Kandasi. When they arrive, Reptu’s Companion knocks out the Doctor.
Raphael and Miríl remained trapped in the prison cell, until Raphael realizes that he still had Ace’s backpack. He finds four canisters of Nitro-9 and sets them all off against the door of the cell, blowing it off its hinges. The explosion attracts the attention of Ace and the Unlike, who are just about to enter the Harbours in search of the Doctor. At the insistence of the Unlike, who had previously worked as genetic scientists for the Panjistri, they seek out the Homunculus. Arun insists that the creature be destroyed, but Raphael protests, arguing that the creature is a living being and should be helped. Arun and Raphael argue, with Ace in the middle, and argument awakens the Homunculus, which bursts free of its tank. As the creature rages about the room, it briefly turns toward Ace and prepares to attack her. Unthinkingly, Raphael grabs a nearby gun and kills the creature.
Ace, Raphael, Arun, and Miríl set out to reach Kandasi. They steal a boat and set out across the water to reach the mysterious island. Along the way, they are attacked by a horrible sea creature, and Miríl is killed. Meanwhile, the Doctor has a half-real, half-imagined conversation with his former self. The Second Doctor informs him that, after his first regeneration, he had briefly met and befriended a young girl named Lilith. That young girl, five thousand years later, became the Grand Matriarch of the Panjistri. When Ace and the others reach Kandasi and find the Doctor, they don’t find any Panjistri. The Doctor discovers a matter transmitter tuned to preset coordinates. Using the transmat, the Doctor and company find themselves on a space station 300,000 miles above the surface of Kirith. This is Kandasi. The Doctor explains that Kirith is simply one massive genetic experiment.
The group explore Kandasi for a short time before they are met by Reptu, who explains what the Panjistri are really up to. In order to extend the life of the universe past its natural point of collapse, which is rapidly approaching, the Panjistri plan to create a single organism which has within it the sum total of all life in the universe. The one attribute their God Machine lacked was aggression, the one attribute that the Kirithons could never develop. That is why the Panjistri are developing the Homunculus. With that experiment destroyed, Ace is the next best thing. She is taken to join the Panjistri, as so many Kirithons had been over the centuries. The Doctor suddenly realizes the truth: the God Machine is a trick. The Grand Matriarch is in fact the Timewyrm, who used her control over time to hide in the Doctor’s own past. She had possessed the little girl Lilith five thousand years before, and is planning to use Ace to complete her God Machine, whereby she will achieve supreme power over the universe itself. The Doctor convinces Reptu that the Grand Matriarch must be stopped.
Raphael hears the phantom sound of his old friend Darien’s music, and is drawn down into the God Machine. Eager to save Ace’s life, Raphael offers himself to the God Machine. Exposed as he had been to Ace’s aggression, this is enough to complete it, and Raphael uses his new powers to challenge the Timewyrm herself. The Timewyrm is defeated by her own creation. Defeated, but not destroyed.
References
External links
The Cloister Library - Timewyrm: Apocalypse
1991 British novels
1991 science fiction novels
Virgin New Adventures
Novels by Nigel Robinson
Seventh Doctor novels
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5386990
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Political%20criticism
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Political criticism
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Political criticism (also referred to as political commentary or political discussion) is criticism that is specific of or relevant to politics, including policies, politicians, political parties, and types of government.
See also
Bad Subjects
Political communication
Political satire
Criticism
Criticism
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3993931
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oswald%20Birley
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Oswald Birley
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Sir Oswald Hornby Joseph Birley (31 March 1880 – 6 May 1952) was an English portrait painter and royal portraitist in the early part of the 20th century.
Early life and family
Birley was born in New Zealand to Hugh Francis Birley (1855–1916) while his parents were on a world tour. He was born into an old Lancashire family. Upon returning to England, he was educated at Harrow School, London and Trinity College, Cambridge.
He was the great-grandson of Hugh Hornby Birley (1778–1845), who led the troops at the Peterloo massacre.
Career
Military service
He served in France in World War I, first with the Royal Fusiliers, later transferring to the Intelligence Corps, obtaining the rank of captain and being awarded the Military Cross in 1919. During World War II he served with the rank of major in the Home Guard.
Painting career
A favourite of the Royal Family, he was well known for his portraits of King George V, Queen Mary, King George VI, Queen Elizabeth, the Queen Mother and the present monarch Queen Elizabeth II.
He painted several highly regarded portraits of his friend Sir Winston Churchill (to whom he also gave lessons), and also a life-size portrait of Mahatma Gandhi which was the first to be hung in the Lok Sabha shortly after Indian Independence on 28 August 1947.
Other subjects were many war-time leaders such as Generals Eisenhower and Montgomery, as well as Admiral Mountbatten and Air Marshal Trenchard. He also painted the wealthy American financiers Andrew Mellon and J. P. Morgan, the psychiatrist Sir James Crichton-Browne, and Welsh architect Sir Clough Williams-Ellis.
Birley painted the portrait of Leeds Lord Mayor Sir Charles Lupton (1855–1935).
He was knighted in 1949.
A major retrospective exhibition of Birley's work was held at the Philip Mould & Company gallery on Pall Mall in 2007.
Personal life
In 1921, the 41-year-old Birley married the 21-year-old "Irish beauty" Rhoda Vava Mary Lecky Pike (1900–1981). They bought and refurbished Charleston Manor in East Sussex. Rhoda later founded the Charleston Manor Festival there. The couple had two children:
Maxime Birley (1922–2009), a model and actress who married Count Alain Le Bailly de La Falaise (1905–1977) They divorced in 1950, following a series of her infidelities, including an affair with British ambassador Duff Cooper (1890–1954). She later married John McKendry, the curator of prints and photographs at the Metropolitan Museum of Art.
Mark Birley (1930–2007), an entrepreneur and founder of Annabel's in London, who married Lady Annabel Vane-Tempest-Stewart (born 1934). They divorced in 1975 after her affair with Birley's friend Sir James Goldsmith (1933–1997).
Birley died at his home in London on 6 May 1952, a week after returning from six-week trip to the United States where he received medical assistance.
Descendants
Birley's descendants include Robin Birley (born 1958), who married Lucy Ferry (1960–2018), and India Jane Birley (born 1961). Other descendants include the fashion designer and muse Loulou de la Falaise (1948–2011), who was married to Desmond FitzGerald, 29th Knight of Glin (1937–2011), and later to Thadée Klossowski de Rola, a French writer who is the younger son of the painter Balthus (1908–2001). Loulou de la Falaise's niece is the fashion model Lucie de la Falaise (born 1973).
References
External links
Churchill by Oswald Birley - UK Parliament Living Heritage
Charleston Manor
Entry on Birley family genealogy
Works by Oswald Birley (public domain in Canada)
1880 births
1952 deaths
19th-century English painters
20th-century English painters
Alumni of Trinity College, Cambridge
Oswald Birley
British Army personnel of World War I
British Home Guard officers
British people of English descent
English male painters
English portrait painters
Intelligence Corps officers
Knights Bachelor
New Zealand emigrants to the United Kingdom
New Zealand knights
People educated at Harrow School
Royal Fusiliers officers
Members of the Royal Institute of Oil Painters
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5386994
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eye%20of%20the%20Beholder%20II%3A%20The%20Legend%20of%20Darkmoon
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Eye of the Beholder II: The Legend of Darkmoon
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Eye of the Beholder II: The Legend of Darkmoon is a 1991 role-playing video game and the sequel to the first Eye of the Beholder. It used a modified version of the first game's engine, added outdoor areas and greatly increased the amount of interaction the player had with their environment, along with substantially more role-playing aspects to the game. A sequel, Eye of the Beholder III: Assault on Myth Drannor, was released in 1993.
Plot
After the adventures of the first game, the heroes head to a local inn to rest and enjoy their newfound fame but a note gets slipped to them from Khelben "Blackstaff" Arunsun, Archmage of Waterdeep, who says that he sent a scout to investigate reports of evil brewing in a temple known as Darkmoon but she has not returned. Khelben then transports the heroes to the temple to find Amber and continue the investigation. While battling their way through the temple's clerics and other inhabitants, the players discover that the high priest, Dran Draggore, is assembling legions of skeletal warriors to attack Waterdeep. The players need to pass an acolytes' test to gain access to the inner parts of the temple. In the final confrontation, Draggore turns out to be a red dragon.
Gameplay
Much of the game remains within the confines of the temple, where the player is allowed to roam freely between locations once inside. The game itself features the catacombs beneath the Temple Darkmoon, the upper levels of the temple, and its three towers; silver, azure and crimson. Like the first game in the series, Eye of the Beholder II was also ported to the Amiga computer.
Music
The game's music was composed by Frank Klepacki, and was one of the first games he worked on. To write the music, Klepacki used Visual Composer by AdLib for the AdLib YM3812 sound chip. Paul Mudra, who composed the music to the first game, did not have any involvement with the music, and worked only on sound effects along with Dwight Okahara. The PC-98 version contains all the songs from the DOS version with the inclusion of new in-game songs for each main part of the game.
Reception
SSI sold 73,109 copies of Eye of the Beholder II. The Eye of the Beholder series overall, including Eye of the Beholder II, reached combined global sales above 350,000 units by 1996. The Lessers (Hartley, Patricia, and Kirk) reviewed the game in 1992 in Dragon #179, giving the game 5 out of 5 stars. Scorpia of Computer Gaming World in 1992 again criticized the sequel's user interface, noting that monsters attacked in real time while the player searched through spell books, but stated that the game had a "fancy ending". She concluded that it was "a more substantial game" than its predecessor, with "more to do, a bigger variety of critters to fight and a larger area to explore". That year the magazine named it as one of the year's top role-playing games, stating that it followed in "the strong graphic and solid play-balance tradition of the original". In 1993 Scorpia reiterated her criticism but stated that the game was "a definite must for all EOB fans". GameSpy stated that Eye of the Beholder II "sported a completely original ending, something that was badly needed, considering the game's biggest flaw -- the almost insane level of difficulty".
The One gave the Amiga version of Eye of the Beholder II an overall score of 87%, calling the graphics "beautifully-drawn" and animation "excellent". The One praises Eye of the Beholder II's sound effects and music, expressing that "the sampled sound effects are suitably spooky and the music is appropriately atmospheric", and calls the UI "a tried and true one which is easy to pick up". The One criticises Eye of the Beholder II as "unoriginal", comparing it to similar RPGs such as Dungeon Master, and expressing a desire for more innovation.
References
External links
1991 video games
Amiga 1200 games
DOS games
First-person party-based dungeon crawler video games
FM Towns games
Forgotten Realms video games
NEC PC-9801 games
Role-playing video games
ScummVM-supported games
Strategic Simulations games
Video games developed in the United States
Video games featuring protagonists of selectable gender
Video games scored by Frank Klepacki
Westwood Studios games
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5386999
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eye%20of%20the%20Beholder%20III%3A%20Assault%20on%20Myth%20Drannor
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Eye of the Beholder III: Assault on Myth Drannor
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Eye of the Beholder III: Assault on Myth Drannor is a 1993 role-playing video game and the sequel to Eye of the Beholder and Eye of the Beholder II: The Legend of Darkmoon.
Plot
After defeating Dran the heroes tell the patrons of a local tavern about their success over Dran Draggore and how it saved the town. After that, a mysterious man enters the tavern and asks the heroes to save the ruined city, Myth Drannor, which is ruled by a Lich named Acwellan. The man then tells the heroes that they need to save Myth Drannor by getting an ancient artifact from the Lich known as the Codex. After the heroes accept the quest, the mysterious man teleports the heroes just outside Myth Drannor.
The explorable areas include the forest around the city, the mausoleum, and finally the city ruins including a mage guild and a temple.
Gameplay
Despite employing an updated version of the engine, interesting and oft-unique NPC selection and welcome gameplay tweaks such as an 'All Attack' button and the ability to use polearms from second rank, it was not well received.
Development
Eye of the Beholder III: Assault on Myth Drannor was not developed by Westwood, the developer of Eye of the Beholder and The Legend of Darkmoon, but rather in-house by the publisher SSI. Westwood had been acquired by Virgin Interactive in 1992 and they created the Lands of Lore series instead.
The game uses the AESOP engine which later used in Dungeon Hack. Both games share the same enemy sprites, graphics, and sound effects.
Reception
SSI sold 50,664 copies of Eye of the Beholder III. The Eye of the Beholder series overall, including the game's two predecessors, reached combined global sales above 350,000 units by 1996. GameSpy commented that "Eye of the Beholder III was a classic example of a company churning out a quick sequel to a good game and simply not giving it the love and care it really deserves". Computer Gaming Worlds Scorpia wrote that since the game "is the closeout of the EOB series, one would expect it to be on the spectacular side. Unfortunately, for several reasons, that isn't the case". She stated that the graphics were inferior to the previous games', that "Aurally, the game is a nightmare", and that the "big fight at the end is a letdown". Scorpia concluded that "Assault on Myth Drannor is a disappointment ... [it] just doesn't stack up against the previous two games. What started as a series with great promise has, alas, ended on a mediocre note". She later called the game "dreary" with a "letdown" of an ending, and "only for the hard-core EOB player. (Note: Westwood had nothing to do with it.)"
Reviews
ASM (Aktueller Software Markt) - Jun, 1993
PC Player (Germany) - Jul, 1993
PC Games - Jun, 1993
PC Format - Dec, 1994
References
External links
Eye of the Beholder III: Assault on Myth Drannor at MobyGames
1993 video games
DOS games
FM Towns games
First-person party-based dungeon crawler video games
Forgotten Realms video games
NEC PC-9801 games
Role-playing video games
Single-player video games
Strategic Simulations games
Video games developed in the United States
Video games featuring protagonists of selectable gender
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3993937
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Culture%20of%20Bangalore
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Culture of Bangalore
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Bangalore is the capital and largest city of the Indian state of Karnataka. It is famous for traffic 24/7. With a population of over 15 million (as of January 2016), Bangalore is the third largest city in India and 27th largest city in the world. Bangalore is one of the most ethnically diverse cities in the country, with over 51% of the city's population being migrants from other parts of India. Historically a multicultural city, Bangalore has experienced a dramatic social and cultural change with the advent of the liberalization and expansion of the information technology and business process outsourcing industries in India. IT companies in Bangalore employ over 35% of India's pool of 1 million IT professionals.
Garden City
Bangalore was known as the Garden City of India and has two nationally recognized botanical gardens – Lal Bagh and Cubbon Park, which attract a lot of visitors through the year. The city was the recipient of the Indira Priyadarshini Vruksha Mitra award in the late 1980s, in recognition of its extensive green cover. Bannerghatta Zoo is also filled with green landscape with a wide variety of animals and birds.
Religion
The people of Bangalore are called Bangalorean and the definition permeates class, religion and language. One of the major religions of Bangalore is Hinduism. The city celebrates what is known to be Bangalore's oldest festival called "Karaga Shaktyotsava" or Bangalore Karaga. Deepavali, the "Festival of Lights", transcends demographic and religious lines and is celebrated with great vigour. Dasara, a traditional celebratory hallmark of the old Kingdom of Mysuru is another important festival. Other traditional Indian festivals such as Ganesh Chaturthi, Ugadi, Sankranthi, Diwali, Eid ul-Fitr, Eid ul-Azha and Christmas are also celebrated.
Entertainment
Bangalore is home to the Kannada film industry which churns out about 100 movies each year and is the fifth largest movie industry in India, in terms of revenue. The Kannada Movie Industry has spawned a different colloquial type variety altogether, commonly referred to as Bangalore Kannada.
Bangalore is also known as the Ham Radio Capital of India because of the number of Amateur (Ham) Radio licence holders and their activities. Bangalore has nearly twenty Amateur (Ham) Radio Clubs and four VHF Repeaters. Bangalore Amateur Radio Club VU2ARC started in the year 1959 celebrating its Golden Jubilee – 50th Year. Lions Clubs International Amateur (Ham) Radio Club VU2LCI has its base here.
Cuisine
The diversity of the cuisine available is reflective of the social and economic diversity of Bangalore. Roadside vendors, tea stalls, South Indian, North Indian, Arabic food, Chinese and Western fast food are all very popular in the city. Udupi restaurants, are very popular and serve predominantly vegetarian cuisine. The Chinese food and the Thai food served in most of the restaurants can be customised to cater to the tastes of the Indian population. Bangalore can also be called a foodie's paradise because of its vast variety of foods and edibles with a touch of Bangalore's uniqueness and tradition
Some of the renowned traditional Bangalore's vegetarian restaurants are MTR (Mavalli Tiffin Room), Vidyarthi Bhavan, Udupi Krishna Bhavan, Ramakrishna Lunch Home, Hotel Sharavathi in Yelahanka, New Krishna Bhavan, Janatha Hotel, Central Tiffin Room, Restaurants at Janardhana Hotel and Chalukya Hotel and Ullas to name a few. The masala dose – rice pancake smeared with red chilli chutney and stuffed with potato curry, 'set dose' – 3 medium-sized doses, 'benne masalae' – thick rice pancake prepared with butter – are some of the local favourites and few stake the origin of these dishes from Bangalore. Bisi bele bath, Rava idli, Pongal, the spicy Uppittu – served as Khara Bath in most of the restaurants are some of the other local favourites. The Udipis or the South Indian restaurant/cafes are known for their Filter Coffee. One of the popular places in South Bangalore is Brahmin's Coffee Bar, where people go at 6:00 am for their fresh cuppa after their morning walks.
The Muslim cuisine of Bangalore is unique as it delivers an interesting blend of Mughlai cuisine, Hyderabadi Muslim or Nawabi cuisine, as it is called, with a distinct Bangalorean flavour. The MM Road in Fraser Town is renowned for its unique collection of around 5 to 6 Muslim restaurants, 3 to 4 Mughlai takeaways, a Chinese restaurant, a salad bar and 2 Arabian themed restaurants. Empire Restaurant of Shivajinagar is very famous and has its own chain of restaurants throughout Bangalore. The Chandni Chowk area of Shivajinagar also has a concentration of tightly packed restaurants and tea shops, where business booms behind closed shutters until the wee hours of daylight. The most favourite sought-after delicacies include the Tandoori Chicken, Bangalore Biriyani, Gundu Palav, Sheek kebabs, Sheek Rolls, Chicken kebabs, Rumali Rotis and lots more. Roadside stalls are abundant, giving a more dynamic and some would argue more risky option for sustenance, with typical dishes such as barbecued beef sheek kebab and a local Bangalore recipe Phaal, beef cubes in spicy green masala, served with hot Rice Sevian (Plain steamed Vermicelli). Fried Mutton Brains is also a really tasty choice for daring food-a-holics.
Arabian cuisine is also slowly on the rise with Shawarma and Falafel gathering some popularity although these hotels are usually frequented by Arab students and Indians who have lived in the Middle East.
Some of the bakeries in Bangalore are also quite popular for a quick snack. There are many fruit juice stalls and shoppers often visit them.
Bangalore also houses many sweet eateries too. Bhagathram sweets has Bangalore's best gulaab jamoons. other notable sweets shops are Anand sweets, kanti sweets and asha sweets which house a good variety of sweets and savouries too.
Bangalore also has some fine dining and specialised restaurants that cover various cuisines of the world. For good Mangalore and Konkan style seafood, there's Kudla, Mangalore Pearl and Sa-na-dige. The city also is known to have really good Italian and new-age continental food in places like Sunny's on Lavelle Road and Olive Beach. The various restaurants in the five-star hotels in the city also offer some very authentic and delicious meals. Some of these include Blue Ginger (Thai/ Vietnamese, Taj West End), Raj Pavilion (Colonial Indian Cuisine, Sheraton Windsor Manor), Zen (Japanese / Korean, Leela Palace), and the many 24-hour cafes these hotels run.
Music
Bangalore is marked by many musical bards who have contributed significantly to both forms of Indian classical music, the Carnatic and Hindustani traditions. A home to many outstanding musicians, veterans and upcoming, Karnataka prides itself of renowned musical personalities like Purandara Dasa (the father of Carnatic music), Tyagraja, Kalakkad Subbiah Ramanarayanan Iyer, Dr Nithyasree Mahadevan, Gingger Shankar, Basavaraj Rajguru, and Gangubai Hangal.
The newfangled musicians of Karnataka have adapted a modernistic approach towards music and have flawlessly conflated different various genres to create progressive music, yet retaining the ethnic appeal. Some of the names worth mentioning are Lucky Ali, Jim Ankan Deka, Bapu Padmanabha, Pravin Godkhindi, Shimoga Subbanna, Mysore Ananthaswamy, P. Kalinga Rao, Bangalore Latha, G. V. Atri, C. Ashwath and Balappa Hukkeri. Internationally reputed Musicians who reside in Bangalore today are Raghu Dixit, Praveen D Rao, Vijay Prakash, Sagar S, Ricky Kej and others.
The Bangalore music scene consists of a far cry of different genres, from international music to traditional folk songs. Janapadhas are the traditional folk songs in the historic culture of Karnataka. The vast number of different people living in Bangalore hailing from different places developed a distinct style of music. Kannada film music is heard playing in auto rickshaws, shops, and the streets. The party and the nightlife scenario experiences a different type of music, most popular international numbers varying in genres from Trance, Pop, Indi-pop, and Hip-Hop, Bollywood music is less dominant.
Though Bangalore is a hub for both classical and contemporary music, the dominant music genre in urban Bangalore is rock music. All sub-genres of rock, varying from classic rock n' roll to extreme metal can be heard in Bangalore. The underground scenario in Bangalore is often acclaimed and hence lead to the city being called Rock/Metal capital of India. Rock 'n India, Freedom Jam is the pioneer made in Bangalore 'Woodstock' style annual festival offering different genres of live music regularly at various venues all over the city. The 22nd edition of this 'Free Music Festival' was held during the Independence weekend this August 2017. Sunday Jams, the monthly smaller versions, on the first Sunday of every month, have been going on too.[www.freedomjam.in & FB page.] Great Indian Rock, Deccan Rock and Summer Storm Festival are the primitive (?) rock festivals in India. GIR primarily a Delhi event organised by RSJ magazine is not heard of now while DR and SS are defunct. In early 2012, the Bangalore Open Air metal festival (powered by Wacken Open Air festival), to be headlined by Iced Earth and Kreator, and to be held on 16 June was announced. NH7, which ran for a few years seems to have abandoned the city.
Bangalore was also the first city in India where internationally popular rock groups Metallica, Iron Maiden, The Rolling Stones, Bryan Adams, Scorpions, Sting, Aerosmith, Elton John, Deep Purple among various other heavy metal groups performed live for the first time in India.
However, after the Santana concert about seven years ago, there has hardly been any big international rock acts performing in the city. A few extreme metal or cult alternative acts have occasionally catered to a niche audience. In fact, EDM acts rule Bangalore's high priced concert scene while Bollywood music performed live is as popular as ever.
List of international musicians who performed or will perform live in Bangalore :
Scorpions in 2001
Bryan Adams in 1994, 2001, 2004, 2006 and 2011
Deep Purple in 2001
Elton John in 2002
Roger Waters in 2002
The Rolling Stones in 2003
Mark Knopfler in 2005
Joe Satriani in 2005
Sting in 2005
Uriah Heep in 2006
Jethro Tull in 2006 and 2008
Iron Maiden in 2007 and 2009
Aerosmith in 2007
The Black Eyed Peas in 2007
Sepultura in 2007
Megadeth in 2008
Machine Head in 2008
Satyricon in 2008
Amon Amarth in 2009
Lauren Harris in 2009
Textures in 2009
Lamb of God in 2010 and 2012
Nervecell in 2010
Lacuna Coil in 2010
De Profundis in 2010
Flo Rida in 2010 and 2011
Meshuggah in 2010
Purified in Blood in 2010
Saving Abel in 2010
Backstreet Boys in 2010
Richard Marx in 2010
Prime Circle in 2010
Jayce Lewis in 2010
Sean Kingston in 2010
Akcent in 2010
Tesseract in 2010
Enslaved in 2010
The Prodigy in 2011
Akon in 2011
Jay Sean in 2011
Ludacris in 2011
Cradle of Filth in 2011
Metallica in 2011
Biffy Clyro in 2011
Poets of the Fall in 2011 and 2012 and 2015
Opeth in 2012
David Guetta in 2012
Fatboy Slim in 2012
Suidakra in 2012
Kreator in 2012
Korn in 2012
Slayer in 2012
Carlos Santana in 2012
Guns N' Roses in 2012
Sean Paul in 2012
Children of Bodom in 2012
Wolf in 2012
Behemoth in 2012
Swedish House Mafia in 2013
Tiësto in 2013
Hardwell in 2013
Avicii in 2012 & 2013
Above & Beyond in 2010, 2012 & 2013
Steve Aoki in 2013
Martin Garrix in 2016
Beth Hart in 2017
Music schools in Bangalore
The recent past has also seen a significant growth in the number of music institutes providing training for vocal and various instruments including guitar, piano, keyboard, veena, sitar, tabla, sitar, organ etc. in Carnatic, Hindustani classical and Western music, especially in Bangalore city. The Bangalore School of Music in RT Nagar, Eastern Fare Music Foundation in Koramangala, Sumadhura Education and Cultural Trust in Vijaynagara, Shreepada Sangeeta Kala Kendra in Bannerghatta Road and World Music Centre in Malleswaram are some of the institutes who have successfully endorsed Music as a serious business or career option as opposed to its familiar perception as a pastime or hobby. Apart from the formal training, these institutes offer courses that enable learners to appear for many recognized certificate and diploma examinations.
Sport
Cricket is the most popular sport in Bangalore(it has its own IPL team RCB or Royal Challengers Bangalore and has a huge fan following) though it has lost some of its popularity in a small amount of time to football, basketball and tennis. English football clubs Manchester United, Liverpool F.C. and Arsenal FC have a large number of supporters in the city. Bengaluru FC is a football club based in Bangalore and was formed in 2013. The club, which originally participated in the I-League, now plays in the Indian Super League.
Significant numbers of India's national cricket team have come from Bangalore, including Gundappa Viswanath, Rahul Dravid, Venkatesh Prasad, Anil Kumble, Erapalli Prasanna, Robin Uthappa, B.S. Chandrashekar, Syed Kirmani, Brijesh Patel, Roger Binny, Sadanand Vishwanath, K. L. Rahul, Karun Nair and Vinay Kumar. Many of the city's children play Gully cricket and football on the roads and in the city's many public fields. Bangalore's main international cricket stadium is the M. Chinnaswamy Stadium, which hosted its first match in 1974 and was the venue for the India-Pakistan cricket quarter-final during World Cup 1996. International cricket was played at the Central College grounds before moving to the current venue.
Other famous sportspersons from Bangalore include badminton player and former All England Badminton Championship winner Prakash Padukone, tennis player and 10-time Grand Slam winner Mahesh Bhupathi, cueist Pankaj Advani and athlete Ashwini Nachappa.
Education
Bangalore is home to some of the top colonial-era schools in India including Bishop Cottons Boys' and Girls' School, Baldwin's High School and St. Josephs. Some of the top international schools are also located in Bangalore including Mallya Aditi International School (otherwise known as Aditi), Indus International School, National Centre for Excellence and Stonehill Academy.
Bangalore is well known for the quality of education provided by various eminent institutes, every year it attracts aspiring candidate to this city. Few of the well known institutes are the Indian Institute of Science (IISc), National Law School of India University(NLSIU), Indian Institute of Management Bangalore (IIMB), National Institute of Design, R & D Campus (NID), National Institute of Fashion Technology (NIFT ), National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS), Srishti Institute of Art design and technology, Christ University and Jain University.RV college of Architecture
Social and Night life
Bangalore has an active night culture and is home to over 800 clubs and bars. The city is also referred to by many as the "Pub Capital of India". Popular nightspots in Bangalore include Pecos, TGIF, TOIT, Sly Granny, Windmill Craftworks, Beer Club, Bootlegger, big brewsky, Agent Jacks are a few. Bangalore has a number of elite clubs, like the Bangalore Golf Club, Bowring Institute Century Club, Karnataka Golf Association, the Karnataka State Cricket Club and the Bangalore Club.
Since the recent explosion of software companies in Bangalore, it has seen a rise in the number of western-style Malls, such as Phoenix MarketCity, Orion Mall, The Forum, Bangalore Central and The Garuda. These malls are evolving as the current "hang-outs" for the old, with trendy stores, restaurants and the latest crop of clubs (such as The Hint, at Bangalore Central). Another change has been the gradual decline of single-screen cinemas and the increase of multiplex theatres, hosted by the same burgeoning malls. The BPO and IT boom have contributed to a lot of disposable income among the younger generation.
Eating out is another passion for Bangaloreans. The variety in terms of cuisines, types and themes that Bangalore restaurants offer is diverse and caters to every taste. Bangalorean's enjoy eating out so much that an actual event circling around restaurants called the Bangalore Restaurant Week was held between 12 and 21 November 2010.
See also
Bangalore
Bangalore Ganesh Utsava
Bangalore Kannada
Bangalori Urdu
Kannada
Karnataka
References
Culture of Karnataka
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3993956
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Overbury%27s%20Folly
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Overbury's Folly
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Overbury's Folly is a seaside park with a watch tower. It is located less than a kilometer from Thalassery, a commercial town on the Malabar Coast in the Kannur district, Kerala, India. It is named after its builder, E.N. Overbury, who served as a local judge at Thalassery in the 1870s.
In 1879, Overbury wanted to construct a picnic area at the cliff. He couldn't complete it, but the spot later earned the name "Overbury's Folly". It commands sweeping views of the Arabian Sea.
Today, Overbury's Folly has been renovated and redecorated as a tourist attraction. It is frequented by local people in the evenings as a place to relax and watch the sun set. A seaside open-air coffee shop has also been opened there.
See also
Thalassery Fort
Thalassery Pier
Thalassery Stadium
References
"Overbury's Folly." Native Planet.
Forts in Kerala
Tourist attractions in Kannur district
Thalassery
1879 establishments in India
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5387022
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timewyrm%3A%20Revelation
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Timewyrm: Revelation
|
Timewyrm: Revelation is an original Doctor Who novel, published by Virgin Publishing in their New Adventures range of Doctor Who novels. It features the Seventh Doctor and Ace, as well as cameo appearances by the Doctor's mental representations of his first, third, fourth and fifth incarnations.
This is the first novel to feature a personification of Death, who turns out to be one of the Eternals, and sets the scene for future New Adventures in which the Doctor becomes Time's Champion. Death has also crossed over into the Big Finish Productions audio dramas; in Master, the Master is described as Death's Champion. The novel is also the final part of the Timewyrm quartet. It has been described as the point at which "the books entered adult terrain".
Synopsis
The battle to defeat the Timewyrm having taken the Seventh Doctor and Ace to Ancient Mesopotamia, 1950s Britain and the edge of the universe at the end of time finally ends within the Doctor's own mind with only his past incarnations to help him after Ace is killed by a playground bully.
Plot
Having lost track of the Timewyrm, the Doctor chooses the TARDIS's next destination apparently at random. The TARDIS arrives in the village of Cheldon Bonniface in the late 19th century. While the Doctor is playing chess with an old friend, Ace is attacked by a child-sized astronaut. Ace evades her attacker, but as she flees the village, she suddenly discovers that they're actually on the surface of the Moon. Away from the protective environment of the faux-village, Ace dies. The astronaut, an eight-year-old boy named Chad Boyle, uses a small device to extract Ace's memories and transmit them elsewhere.
The Doctor discovers the illusion, but is surprised to see that his old friend is in fact Lieutenant Hemmings of the British Free Corps (from Timewyrm: Exodus). The Doctor makes his way back to the TARDIS, where he discovers that he is really on the moon in December 1992. The Timewyrm killed Chad Boyle and Hemmings and sent their minds after Ace's. She took possession of Boyle's body and waited for the Doctor to confront her.
Ace wakes up on a pier overlooking a beach. She comes across a receptionist, who informs her that she died as the result of the Doctor finally losing one of his games. Ace is taken to the afterlife to be judged. She found herself in a library where she meets a kindly old Librarian. After exploring for a while, she decides that she must be dreaming. She concentrates on the village of Cheldon Bonniface.
In Cheldon Bonniface in 1992, the Reverend Ernest Trelaw is conducting the usual Sunday service, the last before Christmas. Present in his church are two newcomers, Peter and Emily Hutchings. Also present is the self-aware non-corporeal intelligence that has existed on the site of the church since long before the church existed. The Rev. Trelaw knows this intelligence as Saul, and both of them are shocked to see their old friend the Doctor run into the church in the middle of the service and deliver a baby into the arms of Emily Hutchings, before running out again. Later in the same service, Saul receives a psychic warning and shouts for all the congregants to leave. Hearing a disembodied voice speak, the congregants exit, except for Emily and Peter. Suddenly, and with a tremendous explosion that devastates the surrounding countryside, the entire church is transported to the surface of the moon. Elsewhere, Ace suddenly gets the feeling that she has done something terribly wrong.
The church materializes around the Doctor and Ace's body. The Doctor retrieves an amulet that he had hidden in the church the last time he had been there, and gives it to Peter and Emily, telling them to find a use for it. The Doctor leaves the church to confront the Timewyrm. After a brief conversation, the Doctor dances with the personification of Death that the Timewyrm had conjured, and dies. The Timewyrm extracts the Doctor's memories and sends them after Ace's, animates the Doctor's body, and marches it into the church where it collapses.
In Hell, Ace is being subjected to excruciating torment by her childhood nemesis, Chad Boyle. She is once again eight-years-old and helpless to defend herself as Boyle imposes his bigoted eight-year-old worldview on the school. The Doctor arrives and rescues Ace, returning her to adulthood. She responds by punching him in the face, her way of saying "Thanks for getting me killed." They meet the Librarian in a splendid rose garden. The Librarian gives Ace her bomber jacket, rucksack, and ghetto blaster, and then speaks with the Doctor. The Timewyrm is trying to take control of the garden, but the Librarian is opposing her. Ace hears Boyle's laugh in the distance, and goes to find him. The Doctor follows. Ace finds Boyle in the center of a maze, covering his eyes and counting, armed with a sub-machine gun and many grenades. As she creeps up behind him, she thinks about blasting him with a Nitro-9 canister, but decided that murder was still murder, even in Hell.
The Doctor meditates. Back at the church on the moon, Saul begins chanting a peculiar rhyme. The others try to puzzle out what it might mean. They eventually figure out that it is a message from the Doctor. On the Doctor's instructions, they find Hemmings's disembodied head on the moon's surface, and Saul telekinetically returns it to the church.
Following a battle against Boyle involving grenades and Nitro-9, the Doctor rejoins Ace and explains that they aren’t literally in Hell, but in some alternative dimension to their own. They are soon joined by the Timewyrm, who is trying to drive a wedge between the Doctor and Ace. To that end, she summons a wave of beings: intelligent reptilian people, soldiers in UNIT uniforms, and three individuals named Katarina, Sara Kingdom, and Adric, who all blame the Doctor for their deaths. The Doctor is tormented by their accusations. The Timewyrm leaves them to continue their hopeless journey to The Pit, the center of this strange world.
Meanwhile, Hemmings has been given another area of this world to control, and has imprisoned the previous occupant, a tall, elegantly dressed man with a shock of wild white hair. When the Doctor and Ace arrive, they are arrested by Nazis and placed in a cell with the tall man. While Ace is taken away to be tortured, the Doctor and the Prisoner manage to escape. Back at the church, Saul, Emily, and Peter try to find a way to communicate with the head, over Ernest's religious objections. They succeed, but only for a moment, after which Hemmings finally dies. The zone Hemmings created begins to fall apart. The Doctor and the Prisoner escape while the zone collapses. The Doctor tells the Prisoner he is making for the Pit, and to that end, they made their way to a river which divides the various zones, and are met by a Ferryman wearing a floppy brown hat and long multi-colored scarf.
Ace wakes up again, this time in a world where she grew up in a happy and uncomplicated life. She never became a rebellious youth, but merely went along with the prevailing fashions of the time. At the back of her mind, she knows this is wrong. Eventually, she realizes the truth and escapes the trap. She finds the Doctor facing off with Chad Boyle, who stabs him with a sword. Ace helps the Doctor as they continue their journey toward the Pit. The Timewyrm appears again and explains to Ace that they are within the Doctor's mind.
At the Church, Ernest can see the Doctor's body is faring poorly. The medallion suddenly began to pulse with energy and grows before their eyes. The runes written on it coalesce into another message from the Doctor, this time telling them to open a dimensional portal. Saul's psychic powers provide the energies while Peter's mathematical abilities establish and stabilize the conduit. Emily travels along it to find the Doctor and Ace. She finds them immediately upon arrival and tries to get them back through the medallion portal, but they are being chased by the horde of the Doctor's demons. Emily manages to get herself and the Doctor away, but Ace is left behind.
Once freed from his own mind, the Doctor knows he can destroy the Timewyrm forever, but not without sacrificing Ace. Meanwhile, Ace decides to continue down into the Pit, where she finds the Doctor's conscience, a fair-haired man in light-colored clothes being perpetually tortured. Ace sets him free, and as his wounds heal before her eyes, Ace sees that he is dressed like a cricketer. The Doctor pilots the TARDIS to the intersection between reality and the fiction of his own imagination and rescues Ace. He also spares the Timewyrm, taking her consciousness and depositing it into the body of the baby he had given to Emily. The Hutchings agree to raise the child as their own, and at the Doctor's behest, name her Ishtar. The battle with the Timewyrm is over.
Development
Cornell originally wrote the story with the Fifth Doctor and his companions and it was serialised in the fanzine Queen Bat. He then substantially re-worked it for Virgin.
References
External links
The Cloister Library - Timewyrm: Revelation
1991 British novels
1991 science fiction novels
Virgin New Adventures
Novels by Paul Cornell
Novels set in Norfolk
Seventh Doctor novels
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5387023
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David%20Dillon%20%28businessman%29
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David Dillon (businessman)
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David B. Dillon (born March 30, 1951) was the chief executive officer (CEO) of Kroger in Cincinnati, Ohio.
Early life
Born in 1951 in Hutchinson, Kansas, Dillon graduated from Hutchinson High School in 1969. Dillon is an Eagle Scout and was a senior patrol leader in Boy Scout Troop 301, of which his father was Scoutmaster.
J.S. Dillon, Dillon's great-grandfather, a Presbyterian pastor, started a self-service grocery store in Sterling, Kansas. His sons, including David's grandfather, continued growing the enterprise into a chain of stores. David's father, Paul, along with two cousins, guided the corporation in the next generation when Dillon Stores became a public corporation. It was headquartered in Hutchinson, 20 miles from Sterling.
Education
Dillon attended the University of Kansas, where he was student body president and initiated into Sigma Chi. Dillon also attended Southern Methodist University in Dallas, Texas.
Career
Dillon worked for Dillons Stores with various leadership roles in the company. In 1982, Kroger bought out Dillon Stores.
In 1990, Dillon was named the Vice President of Kroger. In 2003, Dillon became the CEO of Kroger.
Dillon succeeded its previous CEO Joe Pichler.
It was announced on September 20, 2013 that Dillon would be retiring as CEO of Kroger effective January 1, 2014. Dillon was succeeded as CEO by Rodney McMullen, a COO of Kroger. Dillon remained on as Chairman of the Board through the end of 2014.
Dillon sits on the Board of Directors of the Consumer Goods Forum.
References
1951 births
American retail chief executives
Kroger
Living people
People from Hutchinson, Kansas
Southern Methodist University alumni
University of Kansas alumni
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3993963
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bill%20Randle
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Bill Randle
|
Bill Randle (March 14, 1923 – July 9, 2004) was an American disc jockey, lawyer and university professor.
Randle was born William McKinley Randle Jr. in Detroit, Michigan. In Detroit, he hosted a popular show on WJLB-AM radio (now WDTK) called The Interracial Goodwill Hour, featuring rhythm and blues music and hot jazz. As a pioneering disc jockey at radio station WERE in Cleveland, Ohio, he helped change the face of American music. In the 1950s, Time magazine called Randle the top DJ in America. His popularity and huge listening audience allowed him to bolster the careers of a number of young musicians, including the Four Lads, Bobby Darin, and Fats Domino. Nicknamed "The Pied Piper of Cleveland", a 1955 musical documentary film was made about him titled The Pied Piper of Cleveland: A Day in the Life of a Famous Disc Jockey. The film includes a Cleveland concert at Brooklyn High School on October 20, 1955, featuring Pat Boone and Bill Haley & His Comets with Elvis Presley as the opening act. It is the first commercial film footage of a Presley performance but has never been released.
Curiously enough, Randle almost did not survive early radio. One Thanksgiving, he played an unusual version of "Silent Night" sung by gospel and blues artist Sister Rosetta Tharpe. Many persons called in to complain and the station manager, longtime radio and television fixture Sidney Andorn fired Randle. The next morning, WERE owner Ray T. Miller, the chairman of the Cuyahoga County Democratic Party, rehired Randle after he learned he had so many listeners to Randle's program, and fired Andorn instead.
While working in Cleveland, Randle would travel back to Detroit for some radio programs. In the late 1950s, Randle would fly back and forth from Cleveland to New York where he produced radio shows in both markets (at WERE and WCBS-AM, respectively). He sat alongside other top DJs of the era including Carl Reese, Phil McLean and Howie Lund.
In spring of 1955 Randle told listeners to his WERE radio show that while in New York City he had received a recording of a hot new talent from the singer's manager, Colonel Tom Parker. He decided to premiere it in Cleveland (understanding the crossover appeal there of a young Elvis Presley). Randle championed Elvis' early recordings on Sun Records and those following his signing by RCA Victor that fall. On January 28, 1956, Bill Randle introduced Elvis on TV to America on the Dorsey Brothers' Stage Show.
Many songs that Randle championed on-air ended up as commercial hits, the most successful of which was an edited 45 rpm single of the Mormon Tabernacle Choir's "Battle Hymn of the Republic". That version, which Randle suggested to and arranged with Columbia Records (then owned by CBS and a sister property to WCBS-AM) was an unlikely hit in 1959; it ended up on the Billboard charts for 11 weeks and reached as high as #13 on Billboard "Hot 100" that autumn. In addition, the album The Lord's Prayer hit No. 1 and stayed on the charts for 80 weeks, and the choir won the 1960 Grammy Award for Best Performance by a Vocal Group or Chorus.
A wealthy Bill Randle left Cleveland radio in the 1960s to enhance his education. During the 1960s, Randle appeared on the local CBS affiliates in New York City interviewing celebrities. He obtained an undergraduate degree from Wayne State University and a law degree from Oklahoma City University. He went on to earn a doctorate in American studies, a master's degree in sociology from Western Reserve University, a master's degree in journalism from Kent State University and a master's degree in education from Cleveland State University. He also has an honorary doctorate from Bowling Green State University. Randle also studied history at Columbia University under Richard Hofstadter. While away from radio, Randle taught popular music at Case Western Reserve University assisted by Roger Lee Hall. Randle also taught communications at Kent State University and the University of Cincinnati.
At age 64, he passed the Ohio State Bar exams and opened a law office in Lakewood, Ohio, where he practiced bankruptcy and estate planning law for sixteen years. He also was knowledgeable in energy and zoning law. In addition, Randle became an educator, and taught sociology and mass communication classes at several universities.
During the 1970s and 1980s, Randle resurfaced on several different Cleveland radio stations, even hosting a talk show on WBBG 1260-AM in 1977. In the 1990s, Randle joined the airstaff of the now-defunct WRMR 850-AM, anchoring the Big Show on Sunday afternoons and a late-afternoon program. His success in afternoon drive time prompted station management to move him to morning drive time in April 1998. While the station's format was adult standards similar to the Music of Your Life satellite network, Randle's shows bucked the mold, featuring a unique combination of big band standards, early rock and roll, and new artists such as Norah Jones, Michael Buble, *N Sync, Jewel, Sarah Vaughn, Dido and the Backstreet Boys. Following an ownership, format and frequency swap in 2001, Randle retired from full-time on-air duties at WRMR. However, he would rejoin the rechristened WCLV 1420-AM a year later with a Saturday night music show, which would ultimately move back to Sunday afternoons as the Big Show. (WCLV would revert to the WRMR call letters in 2003.)
Dr. Randle died of cancer in Cleveland on July 9, 2004. In a sad irony, WRMR was sold off the day before, and signed off two days later with Randle's final broadcast, which had been prerecorded via voice-tracking.
His wife of 51 years, Annalee, with whom he had a daughter, Patricia, predeceased him in 2000.
References
External links
The Bill Randle Chronicles
Elvis Presley and the Cleveland disc jockey
1923 births
2004 deaths
American radio personalities
20th-century American educators
Ohio lawyers
Lawyers from Cleveland
Kent State University alumni
Cleveland State University alumni
Wayne State University alumni
Kent State University faculty
University of Cincinnati faculty
Case Western Reserve University alumni
Columbia University alumni
Oklahoma City University alumni
Deaths from cancer in Ohio
Music of Cleveland
Bowling Green State University alumni
20th-century American lawyers
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5387040
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chlamydiaceae
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Chlamydiaceae
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The Chlamydiaceae are a family of gram-negative bacteria that belongs to the phylum Chlamydiota, order Chlamydiales. Chlamydiaceae species express the family-specific lipopolysaccharide epitope αKdo-(2→8)-αKdo-(2→4)-αKdo (previously called the genus-specific epitope). Chlamydiaceae ribosomal RNA genes all have at least 90% DNA sequence identity. Chlamydiaceae species have varying inclusion morphology, varying extrachromosomal plasmid content, and varying sulfadiazine resistance.
The family Chlamydiaceae currently includes one genus and one candidate genus: Chlamydia and candidatus Clavochlamydia.
Chlamydia
Three species belong to Chlamydia: C. trachomatis, C. muridarum, and C. suis. C. trachomatis has been found only in humans, C. muridarum in hamsters and mice (family Muridae), and C. suis in swine. Chlamydia species produce a small amount of detectable glycogen and have two ribosomal operons.
Chlamydia trachomatis is the cause of an infection commonly transmitted sexually (often referred as just "Chlamydia") and also is the cause of trachoma, an infectious eye disease, spread by eye, nose, and throat secretions.
References
Chlamydiota
Bacteria families
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3993979
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erik%20Pema%20Kunsang
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Erik Pema Kunsang
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Erik Pema Kunsang (born Erik Hein Schmidt) is a Danish translator and was, along with Marcia Binder Schmidt, director of Rangjung Yeshe Translations and Publications in Kathmandu. He has translated over fifty volumes of Tibetan texts and oral teachings. His other projects include the Rangjung Yeshe Wiki, an ongoing electronic publication that is compiling an extensive glossary of Buddhist terminology to bridge the Tibetan and English languages.
Erik has been the assistant and translator for Tulku Urgyen Rinpoche and his sons since the late 1970s. He was active in facilitating masters of the Practice Lineages to teach in the West. He lives in Denmark.
References
Interview on Lotsawa School
External links
Publications website
Shedrub Development Mandala
Gomde Denmark
Gomde USA
This article uses GFDL-licensed material from the Rangjung Yeshe Wiki article Erik Pema Kunsang.
Tibetan Buddhists from Denmark
Buddhist translators
Living people
Nyingma Buddhists
Kagyu Buddhists
Year of birth missing (living people)
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5387058
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pops
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Pops
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Pops may refer to:
Name or nickname
Pops, an informal term of address for a father or elder
Pops (nickname), a list of people
Pops (Muppet), a Muppets character
Pops (Johnny Bravo), a character from the Cartoon Network animated television series Johnny Bravo
Pops Maellard, a fictional character in the Cartoon Network animated series Regular Show
Pops Mensah-Bonsu, a British basketball executive and former player
Other uses
Sirius XM Pops, a Sirius XM Satellite Radio station
Pops CB, a baseball club in Spain in the 1950s and '60s
Pops (restaurant), a themed roadside attraction in Arcadia, Oklahoma
Privately owned public space (POPS), a physical space that, though privately owned, is open to the public
Persistent organic pollutants (POPs), organic compounds that are resistant to environmental degradation
See also
Pops orchestra, an orchestra that plays popular music (generally traditional pop) and show tunes as well as well-known classical works, including:
Boston Pops Orchestra, a subsection of the Boston Symphony Orchestra
Philly Pops
Corn Pops (also termed Pops), a Kellogg's breakfast cereal
Pop (disambiguation)
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5387075
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Divi-Dead
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Divi-Dead
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Divi-Dead is a Japanese 2D adult game released by C's Ware in 1998. The game's theme falls into the category of adult horror, as it deals with supernatural and sexual topics. Certain images from the game are brutally violent and strange, while others are lighthearted and erotic. It is a visual novel that involves a supernatural mystery which the player solves in order to complete the game. The player makes certain decisions throughout the story, which may lead to different endings for the game. An English translation was released by Himeya Soft.
The game has been ported to the Dreamcast and PSP by homebrew community "Tales Translations", the group that's also behind the Spanish translation and fixing/replacing the Japanese map notations. German, Italian, French and Portuguese translations also exist, as well as a Flash version.
Plot
Life has been rough for Ranmaru Hibikiya. Bedridden as a child with a mysterious illness, he's had to spend most of his time alone, drugged, wondering if he would live to adulthood. Now, however, things are getting better for him. His health has improved; he only experiences the occasional
seizure. Also, he's been enrolled in his uncle's distinguished institution, the Asao Private School.
Of course, this fortuitous turn isn't without a catch. His uncle, a rather mysterious man, installed Ranmaru at Asao to serve as his spy. Ranmaru begins an innocuous investigation, not really expecting to find anything important. Soon, however, he finds himself immersed in horrifying, supernatural events that could claim his life at any moment.
References
Official English product listing (Archived from the original on October 11, 2004)
Screen shots and reviews in English
1998 video games
Bishōjo games
Eroge
Video games developed in Japan
Visual novels
Windows games
Windows-only games
Mystery video games
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5387080
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Egbert%20Hayessen
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Egbert Hayessen
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Egbert Hayessen (28 December 1913 – 15 August 1944) was a German resistance fighter in the struggle against Adolf Hitler, and a major in the army.
Born in Eisleben, Hayessen grew up on the Hessian state domain of Mittelhof near Felsberg-Gensungen. In 1924, he went to Roßleben. There, in 1933 at the Roßleben Monastery School he did his Abitur. After his Abitur, Hayessen completed military training at Artillery Regiment no. 12 in Schwerin as a career officer and rose to major on the General Staff with General Friedrich Fromm, Commander-in-chief of the Reserve Army. Hayessen first learnt of the plot against Hitler and Operation Valkyrie on 15 July 1944 from Robert Bernardis. He turned away from National Socialism and took part in the attempt to assassinate Hitler at the Wolf's Lair in East Prussia on 20 July 1944, taking on the foreseen logistical connections between City Commandant Paul von Hase and Police President Wolf-Heinrich Graf von Helldorf. On the day of the attack, Egbert Hayessen brought Paul von Hase the news of General Fromm's arrest at headquarters on Bendlerstraße in Berlin. At the City Commandant's office, Hayessen then took part in the preparations to occupy the radio building in Berlin and to arrest Propaganda Minister Joseph Goebbels.
On 15 August 1944, Hayessen was sentenced to death by hanging at the Volksgerichtshof, and the sentence was carried out the same day at Plötzensee Prison in Berlin.
Egbert Hayessen is memorialized at the Plötzensee Memorial Centre. Furthermore, a plaque in memory of his act of conscience may be seen outside the Mittelhof near Gensungen.
Literature
Plötzensee Memorial Centre Archive
References
External links
Biography at Gedenkstätte Deutscher Widerstand
Article about Hayessen on his school's website
1913 births
1944 deaths
People from Eisleben
People from Saxony-Anhalt executed at Plötzensee Prison
Executed members of the 20 July plot
German Army personnel of World War II
People from the Province of Saxony
People condemned by Nazi courts
People executed by hanging at Plötzensee Prison
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5387081
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Backus%20Mill%20Heritage%20and%20Conservation%20Centre
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Backus Mill Heritage and Conservation Centre
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The Backus Heritage Conservation Area is located in Norfolk County, Ontario, Canada.
Summary
The area contains the Backhouse Mill (known in French as Moulin-à-Farine Backhouse and containing the alternate name of Backhouse Grist Mill), a gristmill that was built in 1798. It was one of the few mills to not be burned during the War of 1812. The mill stayed in operation until 1957 and is now a national historic site.
The conservation area has facilities for both short-term and seasonal camping. This area is full of local history found in the Backhouse Homestead. In September, the area becomes the site of a reenactment of a battle during the War of 1812.
The Backus Mill Conservation Education Centre features exhibits about the area's natural history and traditions of waterfowl hunting.
The Heritage Village is an open-air museum that includes restored or reconstructed buildings and structures, including the 19th century Backhouse Homestead, Backhouse Mill, church, carriage shop, barn with agriculture equipment, drive shed with buggies and wagons, two log houses, schoolhouse, saw mill and farm and 19th century industrial equipment. The Museum building includes exhibits about the Long Point Area, 19th century period business displays, and an exhibit about the shipwrecks of Lake Erie at Long Point.
It also features a fully lifeguarded pool.
References
External links
Backus Mill Heritage and Conservation Centre - official site
Backus Heritage Conservation Area at Ontariotravel.net
Long Point Region Conservation Authority
1798 establishments in Canada
Mill museums in Canada
Museums in Norfolk County, Ontario
National Historic Sites in Ontario
Nature centres in Ontario
Open-air museums in Canada
Protected areas of Norfolk County, Ontario
Grinding mills in Canada
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3993984
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carlo%20Mazzone
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Carlo Mazzone
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Carlo "Carletto" Mazzone (born 19 March 1937 in Rome) is an Italian retired professional association footballer and manager, who played as a centre-back.
Playing career
Mazzone played several seasons for A.S. Roma, as well as for SPAL and Ascoli. He spent nine seasons with Ascoli, retiring during the 1968–69 season to become the club's manager, in Serie C, helping the team to win the Serie C title in 1972.
Managerial career
Already popular with the Ascoli fans because of his history as a former player for the club, Mazzone gained even more popularity by leading the team for twelve years, up to their historic first ever Serie A appearance. Successively, Mazzone coached several Serie A and Serie B teams, such as Fiorentina, achieving his personal best result in Serie A, a third-place finish during the 1976–77 Serie A season, also winning the Anglo-Italian League Cup in 1975. He subsequently coached Catanzaro, Bologna F.C. 1909, Lecce, Pescara, and Cagliari (1991–93), leading the team to its first appearance in a European competition since the times of Gigi Riva.
After his successes at Cagliari, Mazzone fulfilled his dream, being called to manage his hometown club A.S. Roma for the 1993–94 Serie A season, where he coached a young Francesco Totti. He remained at the helm of A.S. Roma for three seasons, without being able to obtain any notable triumph, however.
Mazzone returned to Cagliari in 1996, and later also briefly coached Napoli (1997–98) the following season, before being sacked. He took charge of Bologna again in 1998, winning the 1998 UEFA Intertoto Cup, and reaching the semi-final of both the 1998–99 UEFA Cup and the 1998–99 Coppa Italia, also qualifying for the 1999–2000 UEFA Cup. He spent the following season with Perugia (1999–2000).
In 2000, he took charge of Serie A newcomers Brescia in 2000, where he had the opportunity to coach Roberto Baggio, and subsequently also Andrea Pirlo, Luca Toni, and Pep Guardiola. During his first season with the club, he helped the club to avoid relegation for the first time in 40 years, leading them to their best ever Serie A finish to qualify for the 2001 UEFA Intertoto Cup, where they reached the final. At Brescia, Mazzone is also remembered for making a ground-breaking decision, becoming the first coach to deploy Pirlo in a deeper creative role, as a deep-lying playmaker, rather than as an offensive midfielder (the role which Baggio occupied; Pirlo particularly excelled in this new role, due to his technique, vision, and long passing ability, and went on to have a highly successful career, earning a reputation as one of the best ever players in his position. The following season, Mazzone was at the centre of controversy, however, when, on 30 September 2001, during a league match against rivals Atalanta, he ran for about 70 meters and screamed towards the Atalanta supporters, guilty of having offended him for the entire match long with personal insults, after his team tied the score in the final minutes. That season, Brescia once again managed to avoid relegation, and also reached the semi-finals of the Coppa Italia, their best ever result in the competition. In 2002, Mazzone was awarded the Panchina d'Oro award, in honour of his career.
After helping the team avoid relegation for the third consecutive season, Mazzone left Brescia in 2003 in order to coach Bologna for the third time in his long career. However, his adventure lasted only two seasons, as the team was surprisingly relegated to Serie B at the end of the 2004–05 Serie A season. It was the first relegation ever in Mazzone's career, and it convinced him to take a break from coaching for a while.
However, on 7 February 2006, at the age of 68 years and 11 months, Mazzone accepted an offer of Livorno, filling the coaching position which had been left vacant by Roberto Donadoni, who resigned the day before; he resigned at the end of the season.
Trivia
Mazzone is the most experienced coach in the Italian football panorama, having coached more than 1,000 professional matches. On 18 March 2006, Mazzone became the Italian manager with the most Serie A matches coached ever, equalling and then overcoming the past record held by Nereo Rocco. His record currently stands at 792 Serie A appearances (excluding five appearances in play-off matches)
Roberto Baggio often defined several times Mazzone as one of the best coaches he met in his playing career. Baggio himself, in a radio interview on 18 February 2006, declared that Mazzone asked him to join him in a playing football comeback in Livorno; however, Baggio claimed that, even if he would have given him an affirmative answer because of his gratitude for what Mazzone did for him, he was forced to refuse because of his physical troubles.
Pep Guardiola said that he learnt a lot from Mazzone during his Brescia years.
He is often nicknamed Sor Carletto because of his Roman origins, and the strong accent typical of the inhabitants of the Italian capital city.
Despite having coached around the whole country for 35 years and more, Mazzone has always held his residence in Ascoli Piceno, home of Ascoli Calcio, the team in which he started his long managing career.
Honours
Ascoli
Serie C (Girone B): 1971–72
Torneo di Capodanno: 1981
Fiorentina
Anglo-Italian League Cup: 1975
Lecce
Serie B (Promotion to Serie A): 1987–88
Bologna
UEFA Intertoto Cup: 1998
Individual
Panchina d'Oro (Career Award): 2002
Italian Football Hall of Fame: 2019
References
1937 births
Living people
Footballers from Rome
Italian footballers
Association football defenders
Serie A players
A.S. Roma players
Latina Calcio 1932 players
S.P.A.L. players
A.C.N. Siena 1904 players
Ascoli Calcio 1898 F.C. players
Italian football managers
Serie A managers
Serie B managers
Serie C managers
Ascoli Calcio 1898 F.C. managers
ACF Fiorentina managers
U.S. Catanzaro 1929 managers
Bologna F.C. 1909 managers
U.S. Lecce managers
Delfino Pescara 1936 managers
Cagliari Calcio managers
A.S. Roma managers
S.S.C. Napoli managers
A.C. Perugia Calcio managers
Brescia Calcio managers
U.S. Livorno 1915 managers
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3994002
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dracula%20Piller
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Dracula Piller
|
Dracula Piller (English: Dracula Pills) are a brand of salmiakki confectionery. They are very popular in Denmark and Finland.
Dracula Piller are hard, roughly disc-shaped candies, with a salmiakki flavour. Unlike Turkish Pepper, Dracula Piller do not contain powder filling. The candies taste the strongest on the outside, biting into a Dracula Pille weakens its taste.
They were originally manufactured by NCI Nordisk Chokolade Import A/S in Denmark, and later by the Danish company which took over NCI in 2011: Scan Choco A/S.
The Dracula Piller bag features a picture of the famous fictional vampire Dracula, with his name written in big, red, blood-dripping letters.
The Danish bag no longer features the term "Dracula Piller", but they are still referred to as such in advertisements, on receipts, and in cultural consciousness.
"Dracula Piller" is plural; one piece of this candy is called a "Dracula Pille".
Related products from NCI and/or Scan Choco include Dracula Mega (a larger variety), Dracula Soft, Dracula Blod, Ghost (for the German market), Dracula powder and Dracula lollipops.
The book Salmiakki (2001) by Finnish author Jukka Annala describes Dracula Piller as a "classic hard salty liquorice candy". Dracula Piller were awarded the Salmiakki-Finlandia prize by the Finnish Salty Liquorice Association in 2002.
References
External links
Official homepage
Finnish confectionery
Danish confectionery
Liquorice (confectionery)
Brand name confectionery
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5387082
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quentin%20Young
|
Quentin Young
|
Quentin David Young (September 5, 1923 – March 7, 2016) was an American physician who was recognized for his efforts in advocating for single-payer health care in the United States. An activist who opposed the Vietnam War and worked on the Civil Rights Movement, Young was best known for speaking out about social justice in the realm of health policy.
Education and career
Young was born in Chicago, Illinois, the son of Sarah Wolf and Abraham Young, a real estate salesman. His parents were Jewish immigrants from Eastern Europe. He attended Hyde Park High School, the University of Chicago, and Northwestern University Medical School. He interned at Cook County Hospital in 1947 and did his residency there.
He was a founder and served as National Chairman of the Medical Committee for Human Rights, which was formed in June 1964 to provide medical care for civil rights workers, community activists, and summer volunteers working in Mississippi during Freedom Summer. Quentin Young and MCHR also volunteered and helped set up Black Panthers and Young Lords health clinics and provided emergency medical care to protesters at the 1968 Democratic National Convention in Chicago. In October 1968 he was called to testify before the House Un-American Activities Committee about his knowledge of the DNC protests.
Young was Chairman of Medicine at Cook County Hospital in Chicago from 1972 to 1981.
Young founded Health and Medicine Policy Research Group in 1980, and for many years was Chairman of the Board of that organization.
Young was President of American Public Health Association in 1988.
In April 2008, Young retired from his private practice in Hyde Park, Chicago, which he co-ran with fellow activist David Scheiner. For many years was the national coordinator for Physicians for a National Health Program (PNHP).
April 17. 2009, Appointed by Illinois Governor Pat Quinn to Chair the Illinois Health Facilities Planning Board. From 1967-2008 he was senior physician of Michael Reese Hospital and Medical Center.
He died on March 7, 2016 in California. Dr. Young was survived by five children: Nancy, Polly, Ethan, Barbara and Michael.
Positions of note
Clinical Professor of Preventive Medicine and Community Health, University of Illinois Medical Center
Senior Attending Physician, Michael Reese Hospital
Member, American Medical Association (since 1952))
National Coordinator, Physicians for a National Health Program
Chairman, American College of Physicians' Subcommittee on Human Rights and Medical Practice
Member, Humana-Michael Reese Medical Board
Member, American College of Physicians Health and Public Policy Committee
Personal physician to Martin Luther King Jr. during his stay in Chicago, and also to Chicago Mayor Harold Washington, author Studs Terkel, Illinois Governor Pat Quinn and personal physician to Chemist, the late Samuel Shore. President Barack Obama was the patient of Dr. Young's practice partner, Dr. David Scheiner, for twenty years before becoming president.
Personal physician to the Reverend Jesse Jackson.
Featured (and documented) in the book "The Enemies Within" by Trevor Loudon
The public's physician
Young appeared regularly at public health events and was considered the de facto authority on public health in Chicago. He was a frequent guest on Chicago Public Radio, especially the weekday news magazine program Eight Forty-Eight. The medical Students for Human Rights worked with him to set up several free neighborhood clinics in Chicago including the Black Panthers and Young Lords. clinics.
Efforts for single-payer healthcare
According to Young, "national health insurance is no longer the best solution, it's the only solution: All other alternatives have been proven disastrous failures."
Young has worked with Physicians for a National Health Program (PNHP) since 1987, a Chicago-based not-for-profit organization. He was the National Coordinator for PNHP.
Activism during the Bush administration
NSA domestic surveillance
In May 2006, Young signed on as a plaintiff in a suit filed by the American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU) against AT&T, alleging that the telecommunications company provided its customers' phone records to the United States government without a court-issued warrant. Young joined historian and author Studs Terkel who was also a plaintiff in the case. This suit was part of the NSA warrantless surveillance controversy, during which it was reported that the National Security Agency was maintaining a database of phone calls placed domestically in the United States.
Medical savings accounts
Young is an outspoken opponent of medical savings account (MSAs), a public health policy promoted by President George W. Bush. Young calls them a "scam on American patients and taxpayers," and "based on the incorrect assumption that Americans are addicts for health care and that if there isn’t a dollar barrier, they’ll overconsume. In fact, Americans get fewer doctors’ visits than people in countries with universal health care."
Illinois Sports Facilities Authority Scandal
In November, 2012 at age of 89, Young was the last-minute appointment of his long-time political associate Illinois Governor Patrick Quinn, to displace the Latino incumbent. Young agreed to the appointment for the sole purpose of voting to install a young white aide of the governor to the directorship of the state sports authority. The governor's candidate, a former television reporter, won the position with Young's support in a contentious vote of the authority's board despite her demonstrated history of financial mismanagement including filing for personal bankruptcy due to excessive credit card expenditures to luxury retailers such as Bloomingdales. Mayor Rahm Emanuel and his appointees had sought to appoint the African American former CFO of Sara Lee Corp, a Yale graduate and criticized the move to install an individual whose incompetence could subject Illinois' taxpayers to significant financial liability Young stayed on the board until 2015.
References
Footnotes
Bibliography
External links
Young Lords in Lincoln Park
1923 births
2016 deaths
American health activists
Physicians from Illinois
Feinberg School of Medicine alumni
People from Chicago
20th-century American physicians
21st-century American physicians
Young Lords
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3994011
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arnaldo%20Faustini
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Arnaldo Faustini
|
Arnaldo Faustini (1872–1944) was an Italian polar geographer, writer, and cartographer. He is considered by some to be the first East European polar specialist. Born in Rome, he received his doctorate at the University of Rome at the age of 19. Faustini worked at a newspaper based in Rome as scientific editor. He had a special interest in polar subjects, and published 19 books on polar subjects in his native Italian. He also wrote numerous articles.
Among the polar explorers Faustini knew personally were Roald Amundsen, Ernest Shackleton, Robert F. Scott, and Adrien de Gerlache, of the Belgian Antarctic Expedition. Faustini translated into Italian De Gerlache's French language account of his voyage. Faustini also drew the map of the area explored by the Belgians. In gratitude, De Gerlache gave him the flag from the expedition's ship, the SS Belgica.
The polar explorer Augustus Greely invited Faustini to the United States in 1915 for a lecture tour. While lecturing at Columbia University, Faustini met Amelia Del Colle, who later became his wife.
Faustini's interests were wide-ranging. In an unpublished 1918 manuscript entitled Catalogo Descrittivo di Ponti ed Archi Naturali ("Descriptive Catalog of Natural Bridges and Arches”), Faustini wrote: "Completed under every standpoint, for a future, eventual publication – text, topographical sketches, illustrations, contents, indexes, etc., that I think to be my greatest work of physical geography." He was fluent in French, English, Spanish and Russian and understood Greek.
The crater Faustini on the Moon is named after him. His papers on the Arctic and Antarctic are held in the Archives of the Istituto Geografico Polare "Silvio Zavatti" (Zavatti Polar Institute) in Fermo.
Notes
Sources
Arnaldo Faustini: Arch Pioneer, by David Brandt-Erichsen
20th-century Italian cartographers
1872 births
1944 deaths
Scientists from Rome
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5387097
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richer%2C%20Count%20in%20Luihgau%20and%20Hainaut
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Richer, Count in Luihgau and Hainaut
|
Count Richar (or Richer, sometimes equated to the similar name "Richard") (died 16 October 972) was a 10th-century Lotharingian count. He had a well-attested county in the Luihgau, a territory between Liège and Aachen, and he is generally considered to have held comital status in the County of Hainaut, possibly in the area of Mons.
Life
After the death of Duke Godfrey, count of Hainaut and Duke of Lower Lotharingia in 964 in Italy, it has been proposed that the Emperor Otto I gave Count Richar at least part of the county of Hainault.
Count Richar appears in a charter of 2 June 965 making a grant of land at St Villers St Ghislain in memory of Duke Godfrey.
In 966 Count Richar was described in a royal charter, as the count holding a county in Liuhgow which included Voeren (Furon), and Cortils in Blegny (Curcella). They were described as being in pago Liuhgouui in comitatu Richarii.
In 972 Richer was killed in an attack upon his apparent uncle, Wigfried, Bishop of Verdun, by a certain Count Sigebert in "Wandersalis". This was described in the chronicle of the bishops of Verdun.
In a grant of 973 to St Pauls in Verdun, Bishop Wigfried, granted land at Lockweiler arranged between him and his two relatives (sobrini), Count Luithard and his brother Count Richwin, for the soul of his nephew (nepos) Count Richer.
15 March 973, the emperor Otto I granted Eckfeld in the Eifel to the Abbey of Echternach, which Count Richar had previously held.
Richer was memorialized in both St Paul in Verdun and St Gereon in Cologne on 16 October.
In 973, after the death of Richer, a Count "Richizo", appears in a Hainaut grant concerning Crespin Abbey. Although this Richizo has sometimes been equated to Richer, Hlawitschka argued in 1969 that above-mentioned apparent brother of Richer, Count Richwin.
After Richer died there was a battle near Mons where Reginar IV and Lambert I attempted to take it over. It was defended by two brothers, Count Werner and Renaud, who were both killed. Hlawitschka believes they may have been brothers of Richer, or in any case close relatives.
Legacy
It has been proposed, for example by Leon Vanderkindere, that he had at least one child, mentioned by Alpertus of Metz as a son of a "Richizo":
Godizo of Aspel Heimbach (d. 1011–1015)
However, it is argued by Hlawitschka that Richizo is a short form name for Richwin, and that Richwin was a different count, probably closely related to Richer. This Richizo, thought to be Richwin, appears in a Hainaut record in 973, after the death of Richar.
Footnotes
Bibliography
972 deaths
Year of birth unknown
Dukes of Lower Lorraine
Counts of Mons
Medieval Belgium
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3994012
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John%20Pendleton%20King
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John Pendleton King
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John Pendleton King (April 3, 1799March 19, 1888) was an attorney, planter and politician, serving as United States Senator from Georgia. He resigned in 1837 before the end of his term to devote himself to his plantation and business, serving for nearly 40 years as president of the Georgia Railroad and Banking Company and becoming a cotton manufacturer. He acquired large plantation holdings and by 1860 owned 69 slaves to work the cotton fields and related trades.
Early life and education
Born in Glasgow, Kentucky, King moved in infancy with his parents to Bedford County, Tennessee, and then to Augusta, Georgia, in 1815. He graduated from the Academy of Richmond County in Augusta, and studied law. He was admitted to the bar in 1819 and practiced in Augusta.
Marriage and family
After beginning his practice, King married Mary Louise Woodward, daughter of John Woodward and wife Harriet Bixby. They had at least two daughters and a son together. Grace Sterling King married John McPherson Berrien Connelly and they had children. Mary Livingstone King married Henry Paget, 4th Marquess of Anglesey (1835–1898).
Studies and politics
King studied in Europe from 1822 to 1824. He returned and continued the practice of law in Augusta until 1829. He was a member of the State constitutional conventions in 1830 and 1833. He was appointed judge of the Court of Common Pleas in 1831. He was elected in 1833 as a Jacksonian (later Democrat) to the United States Senate to fill the vacancy caused by the resignation of George M. Troup. He was reelected in 1834 and served from November 21, 1833, until November 1, 1837, when he resigned.
Business and plantation
After his time in politics, King became president of the Georgia Railroad and Banking Company, serving from 1841 to 1878. He worked as a railroad promoter and cotton manufacturer. In 1865 he was a member of the State constitutional convention in 1865.
During this period he also continued as a planter and expanded his landholdings considerably, amassing a large estate. From 1830, he more than tripled the number of slaves he owned, in order to work those properties. In 1830, he owned 22 slaves in Augusta, Georgia. In 1840, he owned 55 slaves. In 1850, he owned 57 slaves. In 1860, he owned 68 slaves. King died in Summerville, Georgia and was interred in St. Paul's Churchyard, Augusta.
Honors and legacy
King is the namesake of the city of Kingston, Georgia. Pendleton King Park in Augusta, Georgia is named for his grandson, John Pendleton King II, who died at age 29 of a brain aneurysm. Kings Mill was also named after him.
References
Dictionary of American Biography
Mellichamp, Josephine. "John King." In Senators From Georgia. pp. 107–10. Huntsville, Ala.: Strode Publishers, 1976.
1799 births
1888 deaths
United States senators from Georgia (U.S. state)
Georgia (U.S. state) state court judges
Georgia (U.S. state) lawyers
People from Augusta, Georgia
Georgia (U.S. state) Democrats
Georgia (U.S. state) Jacksonians
Democratic Party United States senators
Academy of Richmond County alumni
People from Bedford County, Tennessee
People from Glasgow, Kentucky
People from Summerville, Georgia
Politicians from Augusta, Georgia
American slave owners
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5387105
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catherine%20Merriman
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Catherine Merriman
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Catherine A. Merriman (born in London) is an English novelist and short story writer who has lived in South East Wales since 1973. Her work often addresses the experiences of women.
Writings
Merriman has published five novels and three short story collections. Her first novel, Leaving the Light On, won the Ruth Hadden Memorial Award in 1992. Her collection of stories, Silly Mothers, was shortlisted for 1992 Wales Book of the Year, and she has twice won a Rhys Davies short story award, in 1991 and 1998. Many of her short stories have been broadcast on BBC Radio 4.
She also edited Laughing, Not Laughing: Women Writing on 'My Experience of Sex''', an anthology of Welsh women writing frankly about their sexual experiences, which won the publications category of the 2004 Erotic Awards.
Her writing often addresses women's experiences. State of Desire addresses reawakening sexuality after bereavement. Merriman states that two of her novels (Leaving The Light On and Fatal Observations), about domestic power and domestic violence, have their foundations in her eleven years' experience as a volunteer for the charity Women's Aid.
Merriman taught writing for ten years at the University of South Wales, the erstwhile University of Glamorgan. She is a fellow of the Welsh Academy and until recently was co-chair of their members' committee.Academi: Members Committee (accessed 18 February 2009) For several years she was fiction editor for the New Welsh Review, and she has judged numerous short story competitions.
Publications
NovelsLeaving the Light On (1992)Fatal Observations (1993)State of Desire (1996)Broken Glass (1998)Brotherhood (2003)
Short story collectionsSilly Mothers (1991)Of Sons and Stars (1997)Getting a Life (2001)
EditorLaughing, Not Laughing: Women Writing on 'My Experience of Sex''' (Honno; 2004)
References
External links
Academi: biography
University of Glamorgan: biography
University of Glamorgan: MPhil tutors
'Mammary orgasmic potential -- a case study' & 'Learning to speak Klingon' (two short stories available online)
20th-century English novelists
21st-century English novelists
English short story writers
Academics of the University of Glamorgan
Living people
Year of birth missing (living people)
20th-century British short story writers
21st-century British short story writers
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5387123
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Korean%20horror
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Korean horror
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Korean horror films have been around since the early years of Korean cinema, however, it was not until the late 1990s that the genre began to experience a renewal. Many of the Korean horror films tend to focus on the suffering and the anguish of characters rather than focus on the explicit "blood and guts" aspect of horror. Korean horror features many of the same motifs, themes, and imagery as Japanese horror.
Modern South Korean horror films are typically distinguished by stylish directing, themes of social commentary, and genre blending. The horror and thriller genres are cited as gaining international attention to South Korean Cinema.
Several Korean horror films have been adapted into English-language Hollywood films such as Oldboy (2003), Into the Mirror (2003), and A Tale of Two Sisters (2003). Train to Busan (2016) and The Wailing (2016) are rumored to currently have remakes in talks for production.
The female ghost
The expression, "When a woman is full of resentment, she will bring frost in May and June" may offer some explanation for the popularity of the female ghost that is often featured in Korean horror films. Her deep feeling of resentment is cold enough to freeze the hot air that occurs during those months. The woman's vengeance is a thing to be feared, thus becoming the object of horror. In the past women have been oppressed and ignored for so long that the horrific rage and vengeance we see in the films have been brought upon by the many years of repression. Another belief is that when a woman dies before she gets to enjoy the pleasures of marriage and having children, she will not be able to move on to the "other side". Instead she becomes trapped between the two worlds and causes horrific phenomena. The hierarchical domestic status a man's mother has and the often strained relationship with her daughter-in-laws in Korea is also used as a means of creating female villains in media. Films such as A Devilish Homicide (1965) and The Hole (1997 film) cast a murderous or cruel mother-in-law against the protagonist.
Revenge
South Korean cinema is known for violent thrillers with themes of revenge like Bedevilled, I Saw the Devil (2010), and The Vengeance Trilogy. Recent revenge films also tend to follow the characters seeking revenge rather than the protagonist being a victim of a vengeful ghost or person. The desire to create and see films about revenge is often explained as a result of social anger built up in a populace by South Korea's turbulent history. Park Chan-wook director of The Vengeance Trilogy has said that his revenge motivated movies serve as a reaction to Korean culture's traditional value of peace making and Forgiveness.
2010 Korean Horror Film Festival
The 2010 Korean Horror Film Festival was held in Mandaluyong in the Philippines at the Shangri-La Plaza Mall from October 27–31 and through November 2–4. It worked together with the Embassy of the Republic of Korea, The Korean-Philippine Foundation, Inc. and Shangri-La Plaza. With free admission attendees were treated to some of the best and highly successful Korean horror films. Films such as Arang, The Red Shoes, M, Hansel and Gretel, Ghost, Paradise Murdered, and Epitaph were among the films showcased.
Influential Korean horror films
The Housemaid (1960) has been described in Koreanfilm.org as a "consensus pick as one of the top three Korean films of all time".
Whispering Corridors (1998) is seen as the film to have sparked the explosion of the Korean horror genre. It centers on the theme of school girls and the mysterious "other side", but also offered criticism of the Korean school system. Four more distinct horror films set in all-girls schools were made as part of Whispering Corridors (film series).
A Tale of Two Sisters (2003) is the highest-grossing Korean horror film so far and the first to be screened in America. It was remade in America in 2009 as The Uninvited. Based on a folk tale titled Janghwa Hongryeon jeon, it tells the story of two sisters dealing with a controlling stepmother and a passive father.
Save the Green Planet! (2003) demonstrates Korean cinema's ability to blend genre in non-traditional ways. The film follows an unstable man who kidnaps and tortures an executive he believes to be an alien. It combines slapstick comedy, psychological thriller, and sci-fi horror.
Someone Behind You (2007) is an extremely violent supernatural thriller based on the 2005 comic novel "Two Will Come" by Kang-Kyung-Ok. It focuses on an increasingly escalating unprecedented family murders or the issue of family annihilation and a young woman after witnessing the shocking killings around her area she too is followed by an unexplainable-yet brutal and bloody curse fearing that her family and friends are out to put her to death in their murderous hands.
A strange menacing student warns her not to trust her family, friends, even not herself.
In 2009 the film was released in America under the title "Voices" it premiered at the defunct film festival After Dark Horrorfest.
Train to Busan (2016) is an action horror take on the Zombie apocalypse. A man and his young daughter journey to see the girl's mother when a zombie outbreak occurs, forcing the passengers to attempt to survive till they can reach a safe zone in Busan. The film is one of the most internationally successful films from South Korea and broke domestic box office records.
Films such as Gonjiam: Haunted Asylum (2018) have brought Korean horror films even more international attention.
List of notable films
0.0 MHz
301, 302
4 Horror Tales (Series)
February 29
Forbidden Floor
Roommates
Dark Forest
Acacia
Alive
Antarctic Journal
APT
Arang
Bloody Beach
Black House
Bunshinsaba
The Cat
Cello
Cinderella
The Closet
The Cursed: Dead Man's Prey
Death Bell (Series)
Death Bell 1: The Movie
Death Bell 2: Bloody Camp
Dead Friend
The Divine Fury
Doll Master
Don't Click
Epitaph
Evil Twin
Face
A Ghost Story of Joseon Dynasty
Ghost House
Gonjiam: Haunted Asylum
Guimoon: The Lightless Door
Hansel and Gretel
The Haunted House: The Secret of the Cave
Horror Stories (Series)
Horror Stories
Horror Stories 2
Horror Stories 3
I Saw the Devil
Into the Mirror
The Isle
Killer Toon
Lingering
Loner
Manhole
Metamorphosis
The Medium
The Mimic
Mourning Grave
Muoi: The Legend of a Portrait
Oh! My Ghost
Paradise Murdered
Phone
The Puppet
The Quiet Family
R-Point
The Record
Red Eye
The Red Shoes
The Ring Virus
Say Yes
Show Me the Ghost
Someone Behind You
Sorum
Spider Forest
Suddenly at Midnight
Svaha: The Sixth Finger
A Tale of Two Sisters
Tell Me Something
Thirst
Three (Series)
Three... The Movie
Three... Extremes
To Sir, with Love
Train to Busan (Series)
Train to Busan
Peninsula
Unborn But Forgotten
The Uninvited
The Wailing
Warning: Do Not Play
Whispering Corridors (Series)
Whispering Corridors 1: The Movie
Whispering Corridors 2: Memento Mori
Whispering Corridors 3: Wishing Stairs
Whispering Corridors 4: Voice
Whispering Corridors 5: A Blood Pledge
Whispering Corridors 6: The Humming
White: Melody of Death
The Wig
The Wrath
Yoga
Korean horror directors
Ahn Byeong-ki – director of the horror films Nightmare, Phone, Bunshinsaba, and APT
Bong Joon-ho – director of the horror film The Host and writer of Antarctic Journal
Kim Dong-bin – director of the horror films The Ring Virus and Red Eye
Kim Jee-woon – director of the horror films A Tale of Two Sisters, Three (the segment "Memories"), and The Quiet Family
Kong Su-chang – director of the horror films Tell Me Something, R-Point, and Death Bell
Park Ki-hyung – director of the horror films Whispering Corridors and Acacia
Yu Seon-dong – director of the film Death Bell 2: Bloody Camp
References
External links
2010 Korean Horror Film Festival at Shangri-la Cineplex
KoreanFilm.org
Asian horror fiction
Horror films by country
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3994013
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arthur%20Ashe%20Kids%27%20Day
|
Arthur Ashe Kids' Day
|
Arthur Ashe Kids' Day is an annual tennis/children's event that takes place in the end of August at the United States Tennis Association at Arthur Ashe Stadium. (USTA) Center in Flushing Meadows, Queens, New York. It is sponsored by IBM and the USTA. This event also begins the U.S. Open, which officially starts one day later. This event was also televised on CBS the following day, until 2014 when it lost U.S. Open broadcast rights to ESPN. Beginning in 2015, the event airs on ESPN2. It is a celebration of the memory of Arthur Ashe, who died of AIDS in 1993, and of his efforts to help young people through tennis. Kids’ Day began in 1993, the year that Ashe died.
At the 2005 event, the United States Postal Service unveiled and issued the Arthur Ashe Commemorative Postal Stamp in the presence of the Ashe family. The 2011 event originally scheduled for August 27, 2011 was cancelled in the wake of the forthcoming Hurricane Irene. This marked the first time the event was cancelled in advance.
Participants at the Arthur Ashe Kids Day have an opportunity to play and/or watch numerous tennis matches before and after the main event at Arthur Ashe Stadium at the USTA Center. The main event at the stadium consists of a concert and tennis matches. As people enter the stadium, they are handed hats to commemorate the event.
Tennis greats that have appeared annually at Arthur Ashe Kids Day include Venus and Serena Williams, Roger Federer, Rafael Nadal, Andre Agassi, Andy Roddick, Novak Djokovic, Kim Clijsters, and Anna Kournikova, who play to entertain the children and families and to raise money for charity. Kids Day has been hosted by MTV VJ Quddus and sportscaster and ‘’Figure It Out’’ host Summer Sanders. Many popular singers have also performed at Kids Day, including Britney Spears, Jessica Simpson, 98 Degrees, Bow Wow, Ne-Yo, Jesse McCartney, Justin Bieber, Rihanna, O Town, JoJo, Monica, Jonas Brothers, Ariana Grande, and many others. During the day many tennis stars sign autographs and take pictures with the children.
Events
Notes
References
External links
Official website
The USTA
The U.S. Open
US Open (tennis)
Recurring events established in 1993
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5387128
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Millencolin%20and%20the%20Hi-8%20Adventures
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Millencolin and the Hi-8 Adventures
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Millencolin and the Hi-8 Adventures is a video by Swedish punk rock band Millencolin, released on 23 November 1999 in VHS format by Burning Heart Records. The 74-minute home video was created by guitarist Erik Ohlsson during the course of the band's international tours.
It includes footage of the band on tour, both performing and amusing themselves on the road via activities such as skateboarding, bowling, visiting a zoo, and driving go-karts. It also includes a history of the band told by the members covering their career from 1992 to 1995, a number of live performances, and the music videos for the singles "Da Strike", "The Story of My Life", "Move Your Car", and "Lozin' Must". A soundtrack album to the film was also released in a limited run of 3,000 copies: 1,000 in Europe, 1,000 in the United States, and 1,000 in Australia. Millencolin and the Hi-8 Adventures was re-released in DVD format in 2003. The DVD added the music video for "Kemp" as well as a trailer for an upcoming sequel to the film.
Live performances
The video features a number of the band's songs performed live at various locations during their international tours:
Soundtrack album
The soundtrack to the film was released as an EP in limited quantities. Burning Heart Records produced 1,000 copies for the European market, while Epitaph Records released 1,000 copies in the United States and Shock Records released another 1,000 in Australia. The soundtrack includes the extended version of "Buzzer" which appeared in the film, as well as audio tracks of several of the film's live performances.
Track listing
"Buzzer" (extended version)
"Random I Am" (live)
"Puzzle" (live)
"Dance Craze" (live)
"Move Your Car" (live)
"Killercrush" (live)
"Bullion" (live)
"Twenty Two" (live)
Personnel
Millencolin
Nikola Sarcevic - lead vocals, bass
Erik Ohlsson - guitar
Mathias Färm - guitar
Fredrik Larzon - drums
References
Millencolin video albums
Film soundtracks
1999 video albums
Music video compilation albums
Documentary films about punk music and musicians
Live video albums
1999 compilation albums
1999 EPs
1999 soundtrack albums
Burning Heart Records video albums
Burning Heart Records soundtracks
Burning Heart Records compilation albums
Epitaph Records soundtracks
Shock Records soundtracks
1999 live albums
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3994017
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Waqo%20Gutu
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Waqo Gutu
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General Waqo Gutu Usu (1924 – February 3, 2006) was an Ethiopian rebel and leader of one of the earlier Oromo resistance fighter movements; the Bale Revolt, which in the 1960s had fought against the feudalistic system in place in the Ethiopian Imperial. He was elected chairman of the United Liberation Forces of Oromia in 2000. In 2006, Gutu died in a Nairobi hospital, survived by 20 sons and 17 daughters.
Life
Little is known about his early schooling or ideological basis for his rebellion against Emperor Haile Selassie and the regimes that followed the monarch’s ouster and murder. Assessments of Waqo Gutu vary greatly over his role as "founder" of Oromo separatism. However, according to historians, Waqo Gutu was ideologically and militarily trained by Somalis to initiate the Oromo separatism movement.
His role in starting the Bale Revolt was almost accidental, according to one source. When a conflict over grazing rights between two groups of Oromo was ignored by the central government, after waiting in vain for three months Waqo Gutu "went to Somalia and brought back 42 rifles and two Thompson submachine guns." Waqo's journey took place early in 1965; the revolt itself had been raging since June 1963 when Kahin Abdi openly defied the government in Afder. An ill-timed attempt by the government to collect unpaid taxes from local peasants fanned the flames. At the end of 1966, about three-fifths of Bale Province was in turmoil. This peasant revolt ran from 1964 to 1970, stemming from issues involving land, taxation, class, and religion. Waqo Gutu surrendered to the Ethiopian government 27 March 1970. The cost of the rebellion was minimal to him; he was given a villa in Addis Ababa and treated well by the Emperor. The local Oromo peasants lost tens of thousands of hectares, which was redistributed to Orthodox Christian settlers who moved down from the north and had fought against the rebels.
With the eruption of the Ethiopian revolution, Waqo Gutu visited several countries, including Somalia to raise funds with which to arm and galvanise the struggle.
In 1989 he established the United Oromo People Liberation Front (UOPLF) to join the struggle against the dictator Mengistu Haile Mariam. He joined the victorious Tigrayan People's Liberation Front (TPLF) of Meles Zenawi which had ousted Mengistu, but Waqo left the transitional government talks in 1992, claiming he had been betrayed by the TPLF.
In 2000 he formed the ULFO to unite the disparate armed and political groups fighting for the right to self-determination of the Oromo, and led as chairman from 2002 until he was taken ill and flown to Nairobi where he died after three months' hospitalisation. He was buried 11 February in his birthplace in the Bale Zone.
References
2006 deaths
Ethiopian military personnel
Oromo people
1924 births
People of the Ethiopian Civil War
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5387130
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roger%20Rousseau
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Roger Rousseau
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Charles Odilon Roger Rousseau, CC (6 February 1921 – 26 September 1986) was a Canadian ambassador, administrator and soldier. He was head of the Montreal Olympic Organizing Committee (COJO) for the 1976 Summer Olympics in Montreal.
He served in the Royal Canadian Air Force during World War II, but became a prisoner of war in 1942 until the war's end.
He was born in Trois-Pistoles, Quebec and died of cancer in Ottawa, Ontario.
Diplomatic posts
1969–1972: Ambassador to the Central African Republic
1970–1972: Ambassador to Chad, Gabon, and Cameroon
1977–1981: Ambassador to the Dominican Republic and Venezuela
1981–1985: High Commissioner to New Zealand, Fiji, Kiribati, Tonga, Tuvalu, and Western Samoa
References
1921 births
1986 deaths
Companions of the Order of Canada
People from Trois-Pistoles, Quebec
Royal Canadian Air Force personnel of World War II
Canadian prisoners of war in World War II
Ambassadors of Canada to the Central African Republic
Deaths from cancer in Ontario
Ambassadors of Canada to Gabon
Ambassadors of Canada to Cameroon
Ambassadors of Canada to Chad
High Commissioners of Canada to New Zealand
High Commissioners of Canada to Fiji
High Commissioners of Canada to Kiribati
High Commissioners of Canada to Tonga
High Commissioners of Canada to Samoa
High Commissioners of Canada to Tuvalu
French Quebecers
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3994039
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S.%20Jay%20Olshansky
|
S. Jay Olshansky
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Stuart Jay Olshansky (born February 22, 1954) is a professor in the School of Public Health at the University of Illinois at Chicago concentrating on biodemography and gerontology and is co-founder and Chief Scientist at Lapetus Solutions, Inc.
He is also a research associate at the Center on Aging (University of Chicago) and at the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine. Olshansky is an associate editor of the Journal of Gerontology: Biological Sciences and Biogerontology and is a member of the editorial boards of several other scientific journals. Olshansky has been working with colleagues in the biological sciences to develop the modern "biodemographic paradigm" of mortality – an effort to understand the biological nature of the survival and dying out processes of living organisms. The focus of his research has been on estimates of the upper limits to human longevity, exploring the health and public policy implications associated with individual and population aging, forecasts of the size, survival, and age structure of the population, pursuit of the scientific means to slow aging in people (The Longevity Dividend), and global implications of the re-emergence of infectious and parasitic diseases, and insurance linked securities.
Biography
Olshansky was born on February 22, 1954. He attended Michigan State University and was awarded a B.S. in 1975. He then attended the University of Chicago and was awarded a M.S. in 1982. He received his Ph.D. in sociology at the University of Chicago in 1984.
His work on biodemography has been funded by a Special Emphasis Research Career Award and an Independent Scientist Award from the National Institute on Aging and a research grant from the U.S. Social Security Administration starting in 1991.
In 2011 he published an article on the longevity of United States presidents in the Journal of the American Medical Association.
Olshansky was the recipient of a 2005/2006 Senior Fulbright Award to lecture in France. In 2010 he was made fellow of the Gerontological Society of America; and in 2016 he received the Irving S. Wright Award from the American Federation for Aging Research and the Kent Award from the Gerontological Society of America.
Olshansky has been a vocal supporter of scientific attempts to increase the human healthspan. He is an advocate for prolonging the healthy life-span compared to increasing the overall length of life as such. In an interview he advocated for further study of calorie restriction, genetic study of humans centenarians, and for further study on life extension and senescence. He is co-author with Bruce A Carnes of The Quest for Immortality: Science at the Frontiers of Aging (Norton, 2001) and with Jim Kirkland and George Martin he co-edited "Aging: The Longevity Dividend", published in 2015.
Lifespan Bet
On Sept. 15, 2000 after American biologist Steven Austad was quoted in Scientific American as saying "The first 150-year old person is probably alive right now", he and Olshansky made their famous Lifespan Bet, putting $150 each into an investment fund, with the money and interest to go to the winner, or his descendants on Jan. 1, 2150 if someone born before the year 2000 is living and is of sound mind. They later staked another $150 each.
References
1954 births
American sociologists
Biogerontologists
American demographers
Life extensionists
Living people
University of Illinois Chicago faculty
University of Illinois Chicago alumni
Michigan State University alumni
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3994064
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Task%20Force%2088
|
Task Force 88
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Task Force 88 may refer to:
Operation Argus: 1950s nuclear weapons test program
Task Force 88 (special operations unit): c.2007 onwards U.S. Joint Special Operations Command high-value target strike unit, Iraq/Afghanistan/Somali etc.
Task Force 88 (Operation Dragoon): Escort carrier force that participated in Operation Dragoon
Task Force 88 (United States Navy)
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5387132
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Episcopal%20Diocese%20of%20Chicago
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Episcopal Diocese of Chicago
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The Episcopal Diocese of Chicago is the official organization of the Episcopal Church in Chicago and Northern Illinois, US. The diocese was most recently served by Jeffrey Lee, who served as bishop until December 31, 2020. A standing committee currently leads the diocese until the consecration of the next bishop, Paula Clark. Former Maine Bishop Chilton Knudsen meanwhile has been appointed assisting Bishop until Clark can assume office. The mother church of the diocese is St. James Cathedral, which is the oldest Episcopal congregation in the city of Chicago.
The Diocese of Chicago covers 22 counties located in the northern third of the state of Illinois, stretching from the shores of Lake Michigan on the east, to the banks of the Mississippi River on the west. Its northern boundary is the state of Wisconsin; the southernmost city is Watseka, Illinois.
History
The diocese was founded in 1835 as the Episcopal Diocese of Illinois. Philander Chase, the retired bishop of Ohio, was the first bishop. He was succeeded in 1852 by Henry John Whitehouse, a priest previously from New York. Edward McLaren, elected bishop in 1875, saw the Diocese of Illinois divided into three parts in 1877. The newly formed dioceses of Quincy and Springfield elected their own bishops, while McClaren's diocese was renamed the Episcopal Diocese of Chicago.
Present day
The Diocese of Chicago ranks among the 12 largest Episcopal dioceses in the United States, with 137 congregations, of which 36 are missions. However, in parallel with declining national memberships, the diocese has seen a decline in membership: 47,171 baptized members in 1994, but only 42,667 in 1996. As of 2011 the diocese website said it had 40,000 members.
The diocese is far more ethnically diverse than the Episcopal Church at large. There are four Hispanic congregations, one of which is located in the near western suburbs of Chicago. In addition, four congregations outside Chicago provide Spanish language services, and two others share their facilities with congregations of the Philippine Independent Church. There is one Korean American congregation, and the diocese also serves eight African-American congregations. Minority outreach, like the kind found at the Cathedral Shelter of Chicago continues to this day.
The 25th Presiding Bishop of the Episcopal Church, Frank Griswold, was bishop of Chicago when he was elected in 1997.
Bishop Jeffrey Lee assumed office in 2008. On February 14, 2019, Lee announced his intention to retire in August 2020. Paula Clark was elected as the thirteenth bishop on December 12, 2020, to assume office in 2021. Clark experienced health issues in April 2021 which has required postponement of her assuming office until her health improves.
Reunification
In 2008, a majority of laity and clergy in the neighboring Episcopal Diocese of Quincy left to form a diocese in the more conservative Anglican Church in North America. The remaining Episcopalians in Quincy reformed their diocese, electing John Buchanan, retired Bishop of West Missouri as their provisional bishop. In 2012 Quincy officials approached Lee and the leadership of the Chicago diocese about the possibility of reunification with Chicago, since it was determined that a remnant diocese would be too small in membership and too geographically dispersed to be viable in the long term.
In November 2012 the Chicago diocese's convention agreed that reunification with the Quincy diocese should be pursued. On June 8, 2013, both diocesan conventions voted unanimously to reunify. The reunification was ratified by a majority of bishops and the standing committees of the Episcopal Church, and on September 1, 2013, the Diocese of Quincy merged into the Diocese of Chicago as the Peoria Deanery.
Diocesan Bishops of Illinois and of Chicago
Other bishops of the diocese
List of deaneries
Aurora Deanery
Chicago-North Deanery
Chicago-South Deanery
Chicago-West Deanery
Elgin Deanery
Evanston Deanery
Joliet Deanery
Kankakee Deanery
Oak Park Deanery
Peoria Deanery
Rockford Deanery
Waukegan Deanery
See also
Episcopal Diocese of Springfield
Episcopal Diocese of Quincy
List of Episcopal bishops
References
External links
Official website
Journal of the Annual Convention of the Protestant Episcopal Church in the Diocese of Illinois at the Online Books Page.
Journal of the Annual Convention of the Protestant Episcopal Church in the Diocese of Chicago at the Online Books Page.
Chicago
Chicago
Bishops in the Episcopal Diocese of Chicago
Bishops
Chicago
Christianity in Chicago
Diocese of Chicago
Religious organizations established in 1877
Anglican dioceses established in the 19th century
1877 establishments in Illinois
Province 5 of the Episcopal Church (United States)
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5387152
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stefanos%20Manos
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Stefanos Manos
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Stefanos Manos (; born 1939) is a Greek politician, former member of the Hellenic Parliament, and a former government minister.
Career
His political career started in the New Democracy party, for which he became a Member of Parliament in 1977. During the 1980s he would be the unpopular forerunner of Greek privatization. In April 1999, he formed his own party, The Liberals, but following its unsuccessful performance in the elections held in June for the European parliament (1,62%), he returned to the Hellenic Parliament firstly in 2000 as MP in co-operation with the major party of New Democracy, and again in the 2004 elections as independent by the statewide list but surprisingly on a rival PASOK ticket.
After he suspended his Liberals' operation in 2002, he established in 2009 his new own party, Drassi, which he continues to lead. Heading Drassi, he took part in the 2009 European parliament election (0,76%). In May 2012, Drassi merged with the newly formed party Recreate Greece for the 2012 elections.
Manos is a notable critic of profligate government spending and waste. He is famous for saying in 1992, while he was Greek finance minister, that "it would be cheaper for Greece to send every rail passenger to their destination by taxi", a quote which was used by Michael Lewis in his book Boomerang: Travels in the New Third World.
References
|-
|-
1939 births
Finance ministers of Greece
Greek MPs 1977–1981
Greek MPs 1981–1985
Greek MPs 1985–1989
Greek MPs 1989 (June–November)
Greek MPs 1990–1993
Greek MPs 2004–2007
Harvard University alumni
Independent politicians in Greece
Living people
New Democracy (Greece) politicians
Politicians from Athens
ETH Zurich alumni
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3994070
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2005%20Paris%E2%80%93Nice
|
2005 Paris–Nice
|
These are the results for the 2005 edition of the Paris–Nice bicycle race, won by Bobby Julich.
Stages
06-03-2005: Issy-les-Moulineaux, 4 km. (ITT)
07-03-2005: Étampes – Chabris, 186 km.
08-03-2005: Aigueperse – Thiers, 46.5 km.
09-03-2005: Thiers – Craponne-sur-Arzon, 118 km.
10-03-2005: Saint-Péray – Montélimar, 101 km
11-03-2005: Rognes – Mont Faron, 172 km.
12-03-2005: La Crau – Cannes, 184 km.
13-03-2005: Nice, 135 km.
General Standings
Mountains Classification
Points Classification
Best Young Rider
Best Team
References
cyclingnews 63rd Paris-Nice - ProTour, France, March 6-13, 2005, Armstrong heads strong lineup for Paris-Nice 2005
2005
Paris–Nice
2005 in French sport
March 2005 sports events in Europe
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3994073
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carolina%20Speed
|
Carolina Speed
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The Carolina Speed were a professional indoor football team that operated from 2007 to 2011 in Concord and Charlotte, North Carolina, at Bojangles' Coliseum in 2009 and 2011. From 2007 to 2009, the Speed were members of the American Indoor Football Association (AIFA). For the 2011 season, the Speed joined the Southern Indoor Football League (SIFL) and the team ceased operations after the season. The owner was Eddie Littlefield.
History
The Speed began in the American Indoor Football Association (AIFA) and first played the 2007 and 2008 seasons in Concord, North Carolina, at Cabarrus Arena. In 2009, they moved home games to Bojangles' Coliseum in Charlotte. The team had decided not to participate in the 2010 AIFA season, but announced its intentions to return to the league in 2011. The team had also announced that it would play its future games at the Cabarrus Arena & Events Center in Concord, North Carolina, marking a return to the facility where the Speed began in 2007.
Due to the merger of the AIFA and Southern Indoor Football League (SIFL), the Speed returned in 2011 play in the SIFL. In addition, the Speed's website stated that they were not returning to Cabarrus and announced their 2011 season would once again have home games at Bojangles' Coliseum.
The franchise was to return in 2013 as the Charlotte Speed and play in the Professional Indoor Football League, after originally deciding to play in the Indoor Football League. However, their charter was revoked prior to the season opener and they have not been heard from since 2012.
Logos
The name "Carolina Speed" comes from the winning name of a contest held at the Cabarrus County fair, as well as paying tribute to North Carolina's NASCAR heritage.
Final roster
Season-by-season
|-
| colspan="6" align="center" | Carolina Speed (AIFA)
|-
|2007 || 7 || 7 || 0 || 4th Southern || Lost SC Week 1 (Lakeland)
|-
|2008 || 6 || 8 || 0 || 3rd EC Eastern || --
|-
|2009 || 7 || 7 || 0 || 4th Southern || --
|-
|2010 || rowspan="1" colspan="5" align="center" valign="middle" |Did not play
|-
| colspan="6" align="center" | Carolina Speed (SIFL)
|-
|2011 || 3 || 9 || 0 || 2nd EC Mid-Atlantic || --
|-
!Totals || 23 || 32 || 0
|colspan="2"| (including playoffs)
2007 season schedule
2008 season schedule
2009 season schedule
2011 season schedule
References
External links
Official website
Speed's 2007 stats
Speed's 2008 stats
Speed's 2009 stats
Speed's 2011 stats
American football teams in North Carolina
Speed
American Indoor Football Association teams
Defunct indoor American football teams
Professional Indoor Football League teams
Southern Indoor Football League teams
Sports teams in Charlotte, North Carolina
American football teams established in 2007
American football teams disestablished in 2011
2007 establishments in North Carolina
2011 disestablishments in North Carolina
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5387162
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greg%20Hawgood
|
Greg Hawgood
|
Gregory William Hawgood (born August 10, 1968) is a Canadian former professional ice hockey defenceman who played in the National Hockey League (NHL) with the Boston Bruins, Edmonton Oilers, Philadelphia Flyers, Florida Panthers, Pittsburgh Penguins, San Jose Sharks, Vancouver Canucks and Dallas Stars. Hawgood was born in Edmonton, Alberta.
Playing career
Hawgood spent his junior career with the Kamloops Blazers of the WHL, and made such an impression that the Blazers retired his #4 sweater. He represented Canada twice at the World Junior Championships, including the infamous Punch-up in Piestany at the 1987 tournament. (Hawgood emerged from the brawl with a broken nose, thanks to a head butt from Vladimir Konstantinov.) Hawgood was named to the all-star team at the following year's WJC in Moscow, leading Canada to the gold medal.
Hawgood would spend two decades in pro hockey, starting with the Boston Bruins (who selected him in the tenth round of the 1986 NHL Draft); he would wind up donning the sweaters of seven other NHL clubs, as well as several minor league and European teams, before finally retiring as a player in 2006.
Coaching career
On November 8, 2007, Hawgood was named head coach of the Blazers. Hawgood then moved to the position of Coach and finally Assistant Coach with the Kamloops Storm of the KIJHL. He started the 2009-2010 season as Head Coach, but lost that position due to the continued poor performance of the team. It was announced prior to the start of the 2010-2011 season that he would not be continuing with the team in any capacity.
Awards
WHL West First All-Star Team – 1986, 1987, & 1988
1988 World Junior Ice Hockey Championships - tournament all-star team
Eddie Shore Award - 1991–92
Governor's Trophy - 1995–96
Larry D. Gordon Trophy - 1998–99
Career statistics
Regular season and playoffs
International
External links
1968 births
Living people
Asiago Hockey 1935 players
Boston Bruins draft picks
Boston Bruins players
Canadian expatriate ice hockey players in Finland
Canadian expatriate ice hockey players in Italy
Canadian ice hockey defencemen
Cape Breton Oilers players
Chicago Blackhawks scouts
Chicago Wolves players
Cleveland Lumberjacks players
Dallas Stars players
Edmonton Oilers players
Florida Panthers players
HC TPS players
Houston Aeros (1994–2013) players
Ice hockey people from Alberta
Kamloops Blazers players
Kamloops Junior Oilers players
Kansas City Blades players
Kölner Haie players
Las Vegas Thunder players
Philadelphia Flyers players
Pittsburgh Penguins players
St. Albert Saints players
San Jose Sharks players
Sportspeople from Edmonton
Tappara players
Utah Grizzlies (AHL) players
Vancouver Canucks players
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3994081
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moygashel
|
Moygashel
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Moygashel () is a small village and townland in County Tyrone, Northern Ireland. It is near the southern edge of Dungannon. Although the village's name is pronounced , the trademark of the Irish linen named after it is pronounced .
People
One of the bombers killed in the Miami Showband massacre, Wesley Somerville—who was an Ulster Volunteer Force (UVF) and Ulster Defence Regiment (UDR) member—was from Moygashel. He is commemorated by a plaque and banner in the village.
References
Villages in County Tyrone
Townlands of County Tyrone
Civil parish of Clonfeacle
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3994089
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kevin%20Yow%20Yeh
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Kevin Yow Yeh
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Kevin Yow Yeh (1941– 27 June 1975) was an Australian rugby league player for the Balmain Tigers in the New South Wales Rugby League premiership competition, his position of choice was on the . His great-nephew is retired Brisbane Broncos player Jharal Yow Yeh.
Queensland career
Yow Yeh began his career in Gladstone, and played for the Redcliffe Dolphins. In 1964 Yow Yeh was named the Redcliffe club's player of the year and in 1965 Redcliffe defeated Valleys at Lang Park to win the Brisbane Rugby League grand final.
Sydney career
He was then sold to the Balmain Tigers along with fellow Redcliffe player Arthur Beetson for a fee of about 1,500 pounds each. According to Beetson in his autobiography Yow Yeh was of Aboriginal and South Sea Islander descent. His nickname was "Rab" or "Rabbie".
His highlight for Balmain came in his debut season when he appeared for them at centre in the 1966 NSWRFL season's grand final against the St. George Dragons, a game which they eventually lost. Kevin only played two seasons for the club and because he could never fully adjust to city life he left Balmain at the end of the 1967 NSWRFL season to return home. He will be remembered for being involved in a great covering tackle by Canterbury fullback Les Johns at the Sydney Sports Ground also in 1966.
Later life and death
Arthur Beetson wrote of Yow Yeh: "he couldn't live with the white man, a hatred inspired by the attitudes of some. It virtually killed him". Yow Yeh's suffering manifested as alcoholism. He died in the watchhouse at Mackay Jail on 27 June 1975, supposedly of a heart attack. Beetson has "always been suspicious" about the circumstances and considers it "another Aboriginal death in custody" where the true real story will never be revealed.
A book titled "inquest " was written and published in 2013 by Ipswich author Lyle F Reed. the book reveals the truth of his demise from a heart attack in the Mackay watch-house on the 27 June 1975 it also includes his childhood and how he rose to rugby league stardom and his hatred of the white man Reed has unlocked the mystery of an indigenous Rugby League legend
References
Arthur Beetson. Big Artie: the autobiography. ABC Books, 2004
1941 births
1975 deaths
Australian people of Vanuatuan descent
Australian people who died in prison custody
Australian rugby league players
Balmain Tigers players
Indigenous Australian rugby league players
Prisoners who died in Queensland detention
Redcliffe Dolphins players
Rugby league players from Queensland
Rugby league wingers
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3994090
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/May%202003%20Montenegrin%20presidential%20election
|
May 2003 Montenegrin presidential election
|
Presidential elections were held in Montenegro on 11 May 2003. They were the third such elections in six months, as those held in December 2002 and February 2003 had been declared invalid due to voter turnouts of less than 50%. For the May election, the turnout rule was abolished. The result was a victory for Filip Vujanović, who was nominated by the Democratic Party of Socialists of Montenegro and Social Democratic Party of Montenegro, who received 64.2% of the vote. Vujanović had also won both previous votes by a large margin. The elections were boycotted by the opposition Together for Change coalition.
Results
Although Dragan Hajduković was a member of the Greens of Montenegro, he ran as an independent.
References
2003 05
Montenegro
President 2
2003 05
Montenegro
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5387164
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New%20York%20State%20Route%20297
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New York State Route 297
|
New York State Route 297 (NY 297) is a state highway in the western suburbs of Syracuse, New York, in the United States. It is signed as north–south; however, it follows more of a southwest–northeast alignment for through the towns of Camillus and Geddes. The southern terminus of the route is at an intersection with NY 173 in a section of Camillus known as Fairmount. Its northern terminus is at a junction with State Fair Boulevard in Geddes, where NY 297 connects to Interstate 690 (I-690) exit 7. NY 297 passes through the northern portion of the village of Solvay and runs adjacent to the New York State Fairgrounds north of Solvay. The route was assigned in the late 1950s.
Route description
NY 297 begins at an intersection with NY 173 in Fairmount, a neighborhood within the town of Camillus. It heads to the northeast as the two-lane Milton Avenue, running alongside the main line of the Finger Lakes Railway and serving several commercial buildings in an otherwise residential area. After , the route passes under NY 5, here a limited-access highway. There is no connection between NY 297 and NY 5; however, NY 297 does connect to nearby NY 695 by way of Horan Road, a local street just north of the NY 5 overpasses. The route continues northeastward into the town of Geddes and the village of Solvay, where it passes by a mixture of homes and businesses as it slowly turns to the east. The highway continues to follow Milton Avenue along the northern fringe of the village to a junction with Bridge Street.
At this point, the route turns to the north, following Bridge Street as it begins to slowly head downhill from the village. NY 297 immediately crosses the Finger Lakes Railway at-grade before leveling off as it leaves the village limits. The road soon rises again, however, climbing in elevation to cross the CSX Transportation-owned Mohawk Subdivision by way of a long, high bridge that curves to the northeast while crossing the tracks. On the other side of the structure, the route descends one final time, heading generally northeastward along the eastern edge of the New York State Fairgrounds and the western edge of a pair of large industrial plants. NY 297 crosses CSX's Fairgrounds Subdivision line at-grade in its final few yards before ending at an intersection with State Fair Boulevard (NY 931B) at the northeastern tip of the fairgrounds in Geddes. The right-of-way of the route continues on for a short distance, connecting NY 297 to I-690 eastbound by way of exit 7. Access to I-690 westbound by way of State Fair Boulevard (NY 931B) west to I-690 exit 6.
Maintenance of NY 297 is split between Onondaga County, the village of Solvay, and the New York State Department of Transportation (NYSDOT). From NY 173 to the Solvay village line, NY 297 is co-designated, but not signed, as part of County Route 63. The section of the route in Solvay between the village line and Bridge Street is locally maintained, while the remainder of NY 297 is maintained by the state.
History
The portion of Bridge Street between Milton Avenue in Solvay and State Fair Boulevard in Geddes had been a state highway since 1917; however, it was not assigned a signed designation for roughly 40 years. In the late 1950s, Bridge Street became part of the new NY 297, a highway beginning at NY 173 in Fairmount and ending at State Fair Boulevard (then part of NY 48). The bridge carrying NY 297 (Bridge Street) over the CSX Transportation-owned Mohawk Subdivision in Geddes was replaced in 1977. Portions of the bridge deck and abutments were rehabilitated by NYSDOT in 2006. Only one lane was open to traffic during the summer-long project; however, two-way traffic was maintained through the use of temporary traffic signals.
Major intersections
See also
References
External links
297
Transportation in Onondaga County, New York
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5387218
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Introduction%20to%20Mathematical%20Philosophy
|
Introduction to Mathematical Philosophy
|
Introduction to Mathematical Philosophy is a book by philosopher Bertrand Russell, in which the author seeks to create an accessible introduction to various topics within the foundations of mathematics. According to the preface, the book is intended for those with only limited knowledge of mathematics and no prior experience with the mathematical logic it deals with. Accordingly, it is often used in introductory philosophy of mathematics courses at institutions of higher education.
Background
Introduction to Mathematical Philosophy was written while Russell was serving time in Brixton Prison due to his anti-war activities.
Contents
The book deals with a wide variety of topics within the philosophy of mathematics and mathematical logic including the logical basis and definition of natural numbers, real and complex numbers, limits and continuity, and classes.
Editions
Russell, Bertrand (1919), Introduction to Mathematical Philosophy, George Allen & Unwin. (Reprinted: Routledge, 1993.)
Russell, Bertrand (1920), Introduction to Mathematical Philosophy, London: George Allen & Unwin / NY: Macmillan, Second Edition, reprintings 1920, 1924, 1930.
See also
Principia Mathematica
The Principles of Mathematics
Logicism
Footnotes
Logic books
Philosophy of mathematics literature
Books by Bertrand Russell
1919 non-fiction books
Allen & Unwin books
Prison writings
Philosophy textbooks
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5387220
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simon%2C%20Constable%20of%20Jerusalem
|
Simon, Constable of Jerusalem
|
Simon was the first known constable of Jerusalem. Maybe he was from the House of Limburg, son of Henry, Duke of Lower Lorraine and Count of Limburg, and Adelaide, daughter of Botho of Pottenstein.
He is cited in two royal charters, the first in 1108 and the second in 1115 as Symon ducis filius. He may be identified with the Simontos, mentioned by Anna Comnena as an envoy of Baldwin I of Jerusalem to Tripoli in order to receive Greek ambassadors in 1108. She calls him a cousin of the king. Together these imply that he was likely a son of Henry, Duke of Lower Lorraine, a great-grandson of Eustace I of Boulogne by his maternal grandmother.
Christians of the Crusades
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5387225
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gibbs%20Quadski
|
Gibbs Quadski
|
The Gibbs Quadski is an amphibious quad bike/ATV, launched in October 2012 by Gibbs Sports Amphibians.
The Quadski is a 4-stroke, amphiquad that converts to a personal watercraft. It features a top speed of on both land and water, a proprietary marine jet propulsion system, and wheel retraction. The Quadski can transition between land and water in about five seconds. The Quadski uses Gibbs' High Speed Amphibian (HSA) technology, which includes more than 300 patents and patents pending worldwide.
Developed and manufactured by a Detroit-based team, the Quadski shares a number of features with the Gibbs Aquada. When entering the water, by pressing a button the driver can retract the wheels into the wheel wells within the vehicle’s body and detach them from the drive train.
The Quadski uses a marinised version of BMW Motorrad's 1.3-liter engine from the K1300S. In the K1300S, the engine produces , but Gibbs advertises for the Quadski. Power is further curtailed to about when in land mode. On water, the Quadski uses a stoneguard-protected intake, which draws in water before directing it through the engine-driven impeller, which, with the stator blades and nozzle, propels the Quadski at high speed. The steering nozzle at the Quadski’s rear directs the vehicle via the handlebars.
The Quadski allows for over two hours travel time on the water. Its range on land is up to around .
Approximately 1000 Quadski were produced in Michigan, USA, from 2012 to 2016 when production ended. These were sold all around the world. Quadski is no longer manufactured, either by Gibbs or under official license. Because of this rarity, used Quadski are in demand.
An unlicensed copy of Quadski has been attempted by Chinese company Hison. However an actual Quadski is used in much of the marketing material, and there is no strong evidence that the imitation vehicle functions as an amphibian, as one user reported it is a poorly made copy of original Gibbs, lacking many features, safety and quality.
Official Quadski parts & technical support are supplied by Gibbs Amphibians in New Zealand.
See also
Amphicar (1961)
Gibbs Aquada (2004)
Gibbs Humdinga (2012)
Iguana Yachts (2012)
WaterCar
All-terrain vehicle (ATV)
Amphibious ATV (AATV)
References
External links
Wheeled amphibious vehicles
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3994095
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Garces%20Memorial%20High%20School
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Garces Memorial High School
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Garces Memorial High School, commonly shortened to Garces High School, is a Catholic high school in Bakersfield, California.
The school offers college prep, honors, and Advanced Placement (AP) courses in many subjects. As a Catholic institution, the high school requires theology classes for all four years. Electives include art, yearbook, intro to broadcasting and many others to choose from.
Garces has one of the most successful sports programs in the history of the CIF-Central Section. The Garces sports teams, nicknamed the "Rams," compete in CIF Central Section. Most of the teams are placed in either Division 1 or Division 2. However, some of the sport teams are placed in lower divisions for playoffs. The school has won 120 valley championships, ranking it fourth all-time in the Central Section. On a particular note, the football team has won ten valley titles: 1953, 1971, 1985, 1986, 1987, 1988, 1996, 2002, 2006 and 2012. They were runners-up in 1968, 1969, 1991, 1995, 1999, 2011 and 2013.
Clubs and activities include mock trial, the theater company, Key Club, Ag Club and CLC.
Formal and casual galas make up a major part of Garces's fundraising efforts. With help from the students, parents, alumni and the Garces community, numerous items are donated and auctioned off at these events.
History
Founded in 1947, the school is named after Father Francisco Garcés, a Spanish Franciscan friar and missionary who explored much of the southwestern part of North America, including what is now the Bakersfield region. The school is located near the terminus of the Panorama (aka China Grade) Bluffs, on the exact site that Garces wrote would make a perfect place for a mission for the local Indian populace in his exploration of the Rio Bravo de San Felipe, now known as the Kern River. This site overlooks central Bakersfield atop a bluff that was once the delta of the Kern River.
In the early years, the Dominican Sisters' Congregation of St. Thomas Aquinas taught the girls and handled the school's administration and the Brothers of the Christian Schools (Christian Brothers) taught the boys. The Christian Brothers, due to financial issues within their order, withdrew from the school in 1971 and the school became fully co-educational. In 1978 the administration of the school was taken over by the laity and is currently overseen by the Fresno Diocesan Office of Education, who also oversees Garces' main rival, San Joaquin Memorial High School of Fresno.
In 2007, Garces celebrated its 60th anniversary.
On June 14, 2008, Principal Robert Garcia died from pneumonia at age 58, three years into his tenure.
In the fall of that year, Garces became the first high school in Bakersfield to have a boys and girls water polo team.
In 2011, Garces built a swimming pool on campus, making it the only high school in Bakersfield to have such a facility. It is used by the water polo and swim/dive teams. Tennis courts were later constructed.
In 2013, Garces High School became the first Kern County school to implement a 1:1 iPad program.
Garces underwent many changes in the 2014–2015 school year. They added a girls and boys wrestling team, which came as a result of much support from the Garces community. They moved into the challenging Southwest Yosemite League. This was a testament to the hard work and dedication which student-athletes have demonstrated as well as the success of the sports teams.
New facilities on campus include the music/band building and a wing of the campus transformed for use by the wrestling team and dance classes. Recent upgrades to existing facilities include the weight room and football field.
Notable alumni
Mike Ariey, former Green Bay Packers lineman
Frank Bidart, poet
Gerald Haslam, author
Joe Hernandez, former Washington Redskins & Edmonton Eskimos pro-football player
Patrick Lencioni, author
Bob McCaffrey, former Green Bay Packers center
Justin Meyer, winemaker (Silver Oak Cellars)
Mary Margaret Revell, valedictorian of the Class of 1955 and noted ocean swimmer; first woman to swim the Strait of Messina
Greg Robinson, former defensive coordinator, Michigan; former head coach, Syracuse; former two-time Super Bowl-winning defensive coordinator of Denver Broncos
Ken Ruettgers, former Green Bay Packers lineman
Robert Swift, former Seattle SuperSonics & Oklahoma City Thunder pro-basketball player
References
External links
Garces Memorial High School website
Catholic secondary schools in California
Educational institutions established in 1947
High schools in Bakersfield, California
1947 establishments in California
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5387235
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ghost%20Mountain
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Ghost Mountain
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Ghost Mountain is the name given by U.S. Army servicemen in 1942 to Mount Obree, a mountain in the Owen Stanley Range in the southeast of Papua New Guinea. Known locally as "Suwemalla," Ghost Mountain rises to a height of .
In October 1942, the U.S. Army's first intended offensive operation in the Pacific Campaign of the Second World War was across the Kapa Kapa Trail. Members of the 2nd Battalion, 126th Regiment, 32nd Red Arrow Division were ordered to flank the Japanese in a march on foot across the Owen Stanley Range, including crossing near Ghost Mountain, considerably east of the more well-known Kokoda Track.
The Kapa Kapa Trail across the Owen Stanley divide was a 'dank and eerie place, rougher and more precipitous' than the Kokoda Track on which the Australians and Japanese were then fighting.
Ghost Mountain earned its name from the eerie phosphorescent glow given off at night by moss-covered trees in the forests on its slopes. The mountain also claimed the lives of a number of U.S. 5th Air Force air crews during the conflict, and a civilian aircraft since then.
See also
Kokoda Track Campaign
32nd Infantry Division
Further reading
plus Author Interview at the Pritzker Military Library on January 10, 2008
References
Mountains of Papua New Guinea
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5387247
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harvey%27s%20Resort%20Hotel%20bombing
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Harvey's Resort Hotel bombing
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The Harvey's Resort Hotel bombing took place on August 26–27, 1980, when several men masquerading as photocopier deliverers planted an elaborately booby trapped bomb containing of dynamite at Harvey's Resort Hotel (now "Harveys") in Stateline, Nevada, United States. After an attempt to disarm the bomb, it exploded, causing extensive damage to the hotel but no injuries or deaths. The total cost of the damage was estimated to be around $18 million. John Birges Sr. was convicted of having made the bomb with a goal of extorting money from the casino after having lost $750,000 there. He died in prison in 1996, at the age of 74.
Background
John Birges Sr. was a Hungarian immigrant to Clovis, California. He flew for the German Luftwaffe during World War II. He was captured and sentenced to 25 years of hard labor in the Soviet gulag. Eight years into his sentence in the gulag, he was released during a period of mass repatriation of POWs held in the Soviet Union to their home countries and returned to Hungary. From there, he emigrated to the United States. He built a successful landscaping business, but his addiction to gambling led to him losing a large amount of money and prompted the bomb plot. His gambling debt and experience with explosives were primary pieces of evidence linking him to the bombing.
Bombing
As the mastermind behind the bomb, now-former millionaire Birges was attempting to extort $3 million ($ million in ) from the casino, claiming he had lost $750,000 ($ million in ) gambling there.
The FBI went to the spot that they believed to be the ransom drop, but Birges was waiting at a different location due to vague directions. No money was paid to Birges.
The bomb was cleverly built and virtually tamper-proof. The ransom note stated that the bomb could not be disarmed even by the bomb builder, but if paid $3 million, he would give instructions on which combination of switches would allow the bomb to be moved and remotely detonated. The FBI determined that it would take four men to move it, and there was no way to know if the bomb was truly disarmed or safe to move. The FBI decided that the bomb would have to be disarmed in the hotel. All guests and staff were evacuated from the hotel and the gas main was shut off.
After studying the bomb for more than a day through x-rays, bomb technicians decided that, although there were warnings from the bomb maker that a shock would trigger the device, the best hope of disarming it was by separating the detonators from the dynamite. The technicians thought this could be accomplished using a shaped charge of C-4. The attempt to disarm the bomb failed as the technicians did not know that dynamite had also been placed in the top box containing the detonation circuit; the shaped charge detonated the top box explosives, which caused the rest of the bomb to detonate. The bomb destroyed much of the hotel, although no one was injured. The explosion damaged Harrah's Casino (connected to Harvey's Resort via a tunnel), breaking many of the casino's windows.
The bomb, one of the largest the FBI had ever seen, was loaded with an estimated of dynamite stolen from a construction site in Fresno, California. According to FBI experts, the Harvey's bomb remains the most complex improvised explosive device they have examined, and a replica of "the machine", as the extortionists called it, was still used in FBI training .
Investigation
On the day the bomb was delivered to the casino's second floor by two men posing as technicians, witnesses spotted a white van marked with "IBM" on the side. Birges was investigated as a possible suspect due to his white van being identified as being in South Tahoe at the time of the bombing. Birges was eventually arrested based on a tip. One of his sons had revealed to his then-girlfriend that his father had placed a bomb in Harvey's. After the two broke up, she was on a date with another man when they heard about a reward for information, and she informed her new boyfriend about Birges. This man then called the FBI.
John Birges' two sons both entered pleas of guilty in 1981 for their roles in the bombing, serving no prison time in exchange for testifying against their father. Birges was convicted in 1982 and sentenced to life in prison without parole.
Birges' two accomplices who delivered the bomb to Harvey's were subsequently sentenced: Terry Lee Hall, in 1982, of conspiracy and interstate transport of explosives; and Hall's father-in-law Willis Brown, who entered a plea of guilty in exchange for a reduced sentence.
In 1983, the final defendant, Ella Joan Williams, named by prosecutors as the typist of the extortion letter, was convicted of attempted extortion, conspiracy, and interstate travel in aid of extortion.
In 1996, at the age of 74, Birges died of liver cancer at the Southern Nevada Correctional Center, 16 years and a day after the bombing.
References
Further reading
Attacks in the United States in 1980
1980 in Nevada
Attacks on hotels in North America
August 1980 events in the United States
Building bombings in the United States
Crime in Nevada
Improvised explosive device bombings in 1980
Extortion
History of Douglas County, Nevada
Hotel bombings
Stateline, Nevada
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3994101
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2005%20Tirreno%E2%80%93Adriatico
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2005 Tirreno–Adriatico
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These are the results for the 2005 edition of the Tirreno–Adriatico race, a sprinter showdown won by then World Champion Óscar Freire.
Stages
09-03-2005: Civitavecchia, 160 km
10-03-2005: Civitavecchia-Tivoli, 181 km
11-03-2005: Tivoli-Torricella, 228 km
12-03-2005: Teramo-Servigliano, 160 km
13-03-2005: Saltara, 170.4 km
14-03-2005: Civitanova Marche, 164 km
15-03-2005: San Benedetto del Tronto, 164 km
General standings
Danilo Hondo was later disqualified for failing a doping test.
KOM classification
Points classification
Best team
External links
Race website
2005
2005 UCI ProTour
2006 in Italian sport
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