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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Auckland%20cricket%20team
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Auckland cricket team
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The Auckland cricket team represent the Auckland region and are one of six New Zealand domestic first class cricket teams. Governed by the Auckland Cricket Association they are the most successful side having won 28 Plunket Shield titles, ten wins in The Ford Trophy and the Super Smash four times. The side currently play their home games at Eden Park Outer Oval.
The limited overs side, known as the Auckland Aces, have a predominantly light blue kit with a navy and white trim. Their One Day Championship shirt sponsors are Ford whilst their major T20 sponsor is Mondiale.
They won the Men's Super Smash competition in the 2015–16 season, their 4th domestic Twenty20 title overall, making them become the most successful team in New Zealand.
Honours
Plunket Shield (23)
1907–08*, 1908–09*, 1909–10*, 1911–12*, 1919–20*, 1921–22, 1926–27, 1928–29, 1933–34, 1936–37, 1937–38, 1938–39, 1939–40, 1946–47, 1958–59, 1963–64, 1968–69, 1977–78, 1980–81, 1988–89, 1990–91, 1994–95, 1995–96, 2001–02, 2002–03, 2004–05, 2008–09, 2015–16
* Wins in the Plunket Shield in these seasons were during its challenge match period.
The Ford Trophy (12)
1972–73, 1978–79, 1980–81, 1982–83, 1983–84, 1986–87, 1989–90, 2006–07, 2010–11, 2012–13, 2017–18, 2019–20
Men's Super Smash (4)
2006–07, 2010–11, 2011–12, 2015–16
History of Auckland cricket
Overview
The Auckland Cricket Association is the most successful major association in New Zealand cricket history. The Auckland side has won the Plunket Shield 28 times, including a four-year winning streak between 1936 and 1940. The large population base that Auckland have to pick from has contributed to the side's success and produced a large number of the national team's players. Since the introduction of List A cricket in the 1970s, Auckland have won twelve one-day competitions with the most recent in the 2019/20 season.
Early years
Auckland were the first New Zealand team to visit another province, travelling to Wellington to play Wellington in a one-day match in March 1860, which Auckland won.
The Auckland Cricket Association was founded in 1873. Auckland played their first first-class game against Canterbury the same year. They were the third major association founded in New Zealand after Canterbury and Otago, and just before Wellington. The match against Canterbury was part of the first tour undertaken by a New Zealand provincial team, when over three weeks in November and December 1873 Auckland played in Dunedin, Christchurch, Wellington and Nelson, winning all four matches.
It was not until 1906-07 that the team first competed in structured competition after the donation of the Plunket Shield by the then Governor-General, William Plunket. In the first season of the challenge competition, in 1907-08, Auckland defeated Canterbury to win their first title. They held the Plunket Shield several times between 1908 and 1921, when the competition was changed to a round-robin format.
'Golden years'
The 1920s and 1930s are often known as the golden years of Auckland cricket. The side won seven Plunket Shield titles, four of them in consecutive years. As well as local success in the 1920s Auckland produced some of the early greats of New Zealand cricket such as Jack Mills and Ces Dacre.
The region kept producing high-calibre players in the 1930s like Merv Wallace, Paul Whitelaw, Bill Carson and Jack Cowie. Whitelaw and Carson also secured themselves a personal honour with a then world record partnership for the third wicket against Canterbury (this record is now held by Kumar Sangakkara and Mahela Jayawardene). Auckland cricket was developing fast and producing a number of world-renowned players, but World War II saw the Plunket Shield suspended and many promising cricketers shipped overseas. A number of these players died whilst serving the armed services overseas including double All Black Bill Carson.
After the War
After Auckland won the Plunket Shield in 1947, the competition became more even, with Otago and Wellington dominating the next decade of competition. Also in the 1950s Central Districts and Northern Districts entered the competition.
This period is not known for the success of Auckland, but for the astonishing performances of individuals. In a 1951 game against Canterbury, Merv Wallace remarkably steered the side to victory under extreme circumstances. Wallace broke a bone whilst fielding in Canterbury's first innings and came in at number nine in the batting order. He smashed 60 as he led the tail in a remarkable fightback that saw Auckland gain first innings by one run. If not impressive enough Wallace also pulled a calf muscle when on 26 going for a hook shot. In the second innings Auckland required six runs with six wickets in hand. Wallace did not expect to bat and was dressed casually ready to celebrate with his teammates. Following a monumental collapse he only had time to put his whites on over the top as he came to the wicket with Auckland nine down and needing one run to win. He hit the winning run off his first ball, cementing his place as an immortal in Auckland and New Zealand cricket history.
In September 2018, they were one of the six teams invited to play in the first edition of the Abu Dhabi T20 Trophy, scheduled to start in October 2018.
Champions League Twenty 20
After winning the 2010-11 HRV Cup, the Aces qualified for the 2011 Champions League Twenty20. They were knocked out in the qualifying stage where they lost to Kolkata Knight Riders and Somerset. The Aces again qualified for the 2012 Champions League Twenty20 where they defeated the Sialkot Stallions and Hampshire to top the qualifying stage and made it through to the group stage. They defeated the Kolkata Knight Riders in the first match and lost to the Titans and the Perth Scorchers while the game vs Delhi Daredevils ended without a result. They finished last in the table.
Personnel
At the beginning of each season Auckland Cricket announces 16 contracted players, this does not include players who hold a New Zealand Cricket contract. They are allowed one overseas professional for the Plunket Shield and Ford Trophy. New Zealand domestic sides are allowed to sign as many overseas players as required for the Super Smash, but only two imports are allowed in the side at any one time.
Current squad
No. denotes the player's squad number, as worn on the back of their shirt.
denotes players with international caps.
Notable players
New Zealand
Andre Adams
Michael Bates
John Bracewell
Mark Burgess
Jeff Crowe
Bob Cunis
Ces Dacre
Colin de Grandhomme
Lachlan Ferguson
Martin Guptill
Gareth Hopkins
Matt Horne
Hedley Howarth
Terry Jarvis
Richard Jones
Mitchell McClenaghan
Tim McIntosh
Bruce Martin
Chris Martin
Kyle Mills
Danny Morrison
Colin Munro
Adam Parore
Dipak Patel
Chris Pringle
Jeet Raval
John Reid
Mark Richardson
Ian Smith
Martin Snedden
John Sparling
Craig Spearman
Scott Styris
Daryl Tuffey
Justin Vaughan
Lou Vincent
Merv Wallace
Willie Watson
Paul Wiseman
England
James Anderson
Ravi Bopara
Steven Croft
Sam Curran
Graeme Hick
Jim Laker
Mal Loye
Tymal Mills
David Willey
Luke Wright
Sri Lanka
Aravinda de Silva
Canada
Ian Billcliff
West Indies
Kieron Pollard
Australia
Aaron Finch
Brad Hodge
Hong Kong
Mark Chapman
Records
See List of New Zealand first-class cricket records
References
External links
New Zealand first-class cricket teams
Cricket clubs established in 1873
Cricket in Auckland
Auckland cricket clubs
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5379721
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rostelecom%20Cup
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Rostelecom Cup
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The Rostelecom Cup (), formerly the Cup of Russia (), is an international, senior-level figure skating competition held as part of the ISU Grand Prix of Figure Skating series since 1996. Organized by the Figure Skating Federation of Russia, it has most frequently been held in Moscow, with several editions held in Saint Petersburg and once in Sochi. Medals are awarded in the disciplines of men's singles, ladies' singles, pair skating, and ice dancing.
The event adopted the name Rostelecom Cup in 2009 after its title sponsor. It was dropped in 2010, but returned in 2011. The Rostelecom Cup is a successor to the Prize of Moscow News, an annual elite international event held in the Soviet Union from 1966 to 1990 (excluding 1989).
Medalists
Men
Ladies
Pairs
Ice dancing
References
External links
Grand Prix of Figure Skating at the International Skating Union
ISU Grand Prix of Figure Skating
International figure skating competitions hosted by Russia
Recurring sporting events established in 1996
1996 establishments in Russia
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3988560
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bernt%20Holtsmark
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Bernt Holtsmark
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Bernt Holtsmark (27 December 1859 – 20 April 1941) was a Norwegian farmer and politician for the Conservative Party and the Liberal Left Party. He was a four-term member of the Parliament of Norway, and served as Minister of Agriculture from 1910 to 1912. He was also known for establishing the agricultural college at Sem in his native Asker.
Personal life
He was born at Tveter farm in Asker as a son of Bent Holtsmark and his wife Anne Elisabeth Gabrielsen. He was a brother of Torger and Wilhelm Holtsmark. Through his brother Gabriel, he was an uncle of professors Johan Peter Holtsmark and Anne Elisabeth Holtsmark, and painter Karen Holtsmark. He was also a first cousin of Finn, Wilhelm. and Ragnvald Blakstad.
In October 1887 he married Johanne Amalie Koller, a daughter of Carl Theodor Fredrik Koller. The marriage lasted until her death in February 1917. Holtsmark then married Ingeborg Mathilde Bye in June 1919.
Career
He attended a private agricultural school at Østensjø from 1876 to 1878, the Higher College of Agriculture at Aas from 1883 to 1884 and the Landwirtschaftliche Hochschule Berlin (Agricultural University of Berlin) from 1885 to 1886. In 1887, together with his brother Wilhelm, he established an agricultural college at the farm Sem, today known as a manor which in 2001 lent its name to the Declaration of Sem of the second cabinet Bondevik. They ran the college until 1914. In 1893 he took over the farm Tveter, and was a farmer there. His book Husdyrlære, a textbook on livestock, came in 1897 and was reprinted fourteen times, last in 1961. Also, he contributed to the newspapers and magazines Budstikken, Dagbladet, Verdens Gang, Tidens Tegn and Allers with writings on agriculture.
He was elected to the Parliament of Norway from the constituency Akershus Amt in 1903, and was re-elected in 1906. He first represented the Conservative Party, and in the second term he was registered for the Coalition Party. On 1 March 1910, he was appointed as the new Minister of Agriculture in the cabinet Konow, succeeding Wollert Konow (SB) in the position. He held office until the cabinet fell in February 1912. He was later re-elected in 1915 and 1918 to serve a further two parliamentary terms, this time for the Liberal Left Party.
He was a chairman of the Liberal Left Party for a period. He was also a chairman of the Norwegian Fire Protection Association, and a member of the board of Norsk Husflidsforening, Norsk Landmandsforbund, the Royal Norwegian Society of Development from 1898 to 1907 and 1919 to 1931, and Havedyrkningens Venner from 1916 to 1935. He received honorary membership in the two latter organizations. From 1927 to 1936 he worked as director and chair of Norges Hypotekbank, and he was also a member of several public boards, agencies and committees. He was decorated as a Commander of the Royal Norwegian Order of St. Olav in 1912.
References
1859 births
1941 deaths
Asker politicians
Members of the Storting
Ministers of Agriculture and Food of Norway
Conservative Party (Norway) politicians
Coalition Party (Norway) politicians
Free-minded Liberal Party politicians
20th-century Norwegian politicians
Akershus politicians
Norwegian College of Agriculture alumni
Norwegian expatriates in Germany
Norwegian farmers
Norwegian educators
Norwegian textbook writers
Norwegian non-fiction writers
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5379725
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Golden%20Balls%20%28film%29
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Golden Balls (film)
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Golden Balls () is a 1993 film directed by Bigas Luna which stars Javier Bardem.
Plot
Benito González is a flamboyant engineer in Melilla, with a brash and pushy personality. His dream is to build the tallest building ever in the region. After his girlfriend leaves him, he devotes himself entirely to his ambitions, deciding to let nothing get in his way. He marries the daughter of a billionaire, intending to use her father's money to realise his project. Benito waltzes his way through a career of excess, fetishes and deceptions, but the personal conflicts he unleashes ultimately send his life spiraling down to disaster.
The film makes direct and symbolic references to the work of Spanish Surrealist painter Salvador Dalí.
Cast
See also
List of Spanish films of 1993
References
Citations
Bibliography
External links
1993 films
Spanish films
1990s Spanish-language films
1993 drama films
Spain in fiction
Films shot in Madrid
Films directed by Bigas Luna
Spanish drama films
Films scored by Nicola Piovani
Melilla in fiction
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5379726
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shenay%20Perry
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Shenay Perry
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Shenay Perry (born July 6, 1984) is a retired tennis player from the U.S. She is the current coach of professional tennis player Kristie Ahn.
Shenay's career-high singles ranking of No. 40 she reached on August 28, 2006. Her career-high doubles ranking of No. 97, she achieved on December 8, 2003. Shenay won nine singles and seven doubles ITF titles in her career.
She retired from professional tennis in September 2010.
ITF Circuit finals
Singles: 10 (9 titles, 1 runner-up)
Doubles: 13 (7 titles, 6 runner-ups)
External links
Living people
1984 births
African-American female tennis players
American female tennis players
Tennis people from Washington, D.C.
Sportspeople from Coral Springs, Florida
21st-century African-American sportspeople
21st-century African-American women
20th-century African-American people
Tennis players from Washington, D.C.
Sports coaches from Washington, D.C.
20th-century African-American women
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3988566
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/European%20Speed%20Skating%20Championships
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European Speed Skating Championships
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The European Speed Skating Championships are a series of long track speed skating events held annually to determine the best allround speed skater of Europe.
History
The International Skating Union has organised the European Championships for Men since 1893 (unofficial Championships were held in the years 1891–1892) and the European Championships for Women since 1970. Since 1990, the men's and women's European Championships have been held at the same time and venue.
Starting in 2017, in odd years, the men's and women's European Sprint Speed Skating Championships are also held at the same time and venue. Starting in 2018, in even years, the men's and women's single distance championships are held instead of Allround and Sprint championships.
Medal winners
Allround and Sprint Championships (1891–2021)
Unofficial European Championships of 1891, 1892 and 1946 (not recognized by the ISU) included
Single Distance Championships (2018–2022)
Combined all-time medal count (1891–2022)
Unofficial European Championships of 1891, 1892 and 1946 (not recognized by the ISU) included
Multiple medalists
Boldface denotes active skaters and highest medal count among all skaters (including these who not included in these tables) per type.
Allround and Sprint Championships
All events
References
All-round speed skating
International speed skating competitions
European championships
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5379733
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piney%20%28Pine%20Barrens%20resident%29
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Piney (Pine Barrens resident)
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Piney is a historically derogatory term for the inhabitants of the New Jersey Pine Barrens, but is now considered a cultural demonym. The Pine Barrens have sandy, acidic soil considered unsuitable for traditional farming by early settlers, who called the land "barren". The area is forested mainly with pitch pine and scrub oak. Many areas are swampy with cedar forests that grow along brownish-red, fresh water called "cedar water." The red color is actually created by the high level of iron in the water.
Living conditions in the "Barrens" were considered inhospitable, and those that lived there were considered to be the dregs of society: fugitives, poachers, moonshiners, runaway slaves or deserting soldiers. Often poor, pineys were forced to make a living in any way possible. They collected and sold sphagnum moss or pine cones, hunted, fished, and lived off of the land. Some of the pineys included notorious bandits known as the Pine Robbers.
Pineys were further demonized after two eugenics studies in the early 20th century, which depicted them as congenital idiots and criminals, most notably the research performed on "The Kallikak Family" by Henry H. Goddard and Elizabeth Kite. In a 1939 guidebook, the Federal Writers' Project largely endorsed Kite's eugenicist and ahistorical depiction of Pineys, and added that "a staff correspondent of the Newark Evening News reported that U. S. Navy blimps must be careful in their flights over the area. The Piney bootleggers, suspecting that the low-flying blimps are seeking illicit stills, are quick on the trigger; frequently the small dirigibles return to Lakehurst from training flights with bullet holes in the fabric."
Pineys often fostered stories of how terrible the Pine Barrens are or how violent they were in order to discourage outsiders and law enforcement from entering the Barrens. The Jersey Devil stories often had this effect also. Today, pineys tend to wear the label as a badge of honor, much like the term "redneck" has been embraced in the Appalachian Mountains and the Southern United States.
References
American regional nicknames
Class-related slurs
New Jersey culture
Pejorative terms for people
Pine Barrens (New Jersey)
Poverty in the United States
Rural culture in the United States
Stereotypes of rural people
Working-class culture in New Jersey
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3988567
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Knut%20Johannes%20Hougen
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Knut Johannes Hougen
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Knut Johannes Hougen (26 November 1854 – 29 July 1954) was a Norwegian politician for the Liberal Party. He served as Minister of Education and Church Affairs from 1909 to 1910. Hougen was also a representative for the city of Kristiansand in the Norwegian Parliament in the period 1908–27. He was central to the development of broadcasting in Norway, and in 1932 published the 2-volume work Oslo kringkastingsselskaps historie ("The Development of Oslo Broadcasting Corporation").
References
1854 births
1954 deaths
Government ministers of Norway
Ministers of Education of Norway
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3988570
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Knight%20of%20faith
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Knight of faith
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The knight of faith () is an individual who has placed complete faith in himself and in God and can act freely and independently from the world. The 19th-century Danish philosopher Søren Kierkegaard vicariously discusses the knight of faith in several of his pseudonymic works, with the most in-depth and detailed critique exposited in Fear and Trembling and in Repetition.
Overview
Johannes de Silentio, Kierkegaard's pseudonymous author of Fear and Trembling, argues that the knight of faith is the paradox, is the individual, absolutely nothing but the individual, without connections or pretensions. The knight of faith is the individual who is able to gracefully embrace life: Kierkegaard put it this way in Either/Or, "When around one everything has become silent, solemn as a clear, starlit night, when the soul comes to be alone in the whole world, then before one there appears, not an extraordinary human being, but the eternal power itself, then the heavens open, and the I chooses itself or, more correctly, receives itself. Then the personality receives the accolade of knighthood that ennobles it for an eternity." "The knight of faith is the only happy man, the heir to the finite while the knight of resignation is a stranger and an alien."
The three stages
Kierkegaard recognized three levels of individual existence: The Aesthetic, The Ethical, and The Religious. In Fear and Trembling, Silentio refers to individuals in each stage as the personal self, the civic self, and the religious self. Each of these levels of existence envelops those below it: an ethical or religious person can still enjoy life aesthetically. Abraham learned how to keep his finite relationship with his family separate from his infinite relationship with God. He had to overcome the fear of having anxiety over losing something. Each individual experiences anxiety to a different degree and the fear of anxiety in a unique way.
Knight of faith and the knight of infinite resignation
Kierkegaard's Silentio contrasts the knight of faith with the other two, knight of infinite resignation and the aesthetic realm's "slaves." Kierkegaard uses the story of a princess and a man who is madly in love with her, but circumstances are that the man will never be able to realize this love in this world. A person who is in the aesthetic stage would abandon this love, crying out for example, "Such a love is foolishness. The rich brewer's widow is a match fully as good and respectable." A person who is in the ethical stage would not give up on this love, but would be resigned to the fact that they will never be together in this world. The knight of infinite resignation may or may not believe that they may be together in another life or in spirit, but what's important is that the knight of infinite resignation gives up on their being together in this world; in this life.
The knight of faith feels what the knight of infinite resignation feels, but with exception that the knight of faith believes that in this world; in this life, they will be together. The knight of faith would say "I believe nevertheless that I shall get her, in virtue, that is, of the absurd, in virtue of the fact that with God all things are possible." This double movement is paradoxical because on the one hand it is humanly impossible that they would be together, but on the other hand the knight of faith is willing to believe that they will be together through divine possibility.
Using the example of the man who is in love with the princess, Silentio describes how the movements of the knight of infinite resignation and the knight of faith are executed. These movements are carried out normatively, which require passion. For the knight of infinite resignation, having acknowledged the impossibility of the love between the man and the princess, the love is infinitely renounced in the following manner:
In the first place, the knight of infinite resignation will have the power to concentrate the whole substance of his life and the meaning of actuality into one single desire.
In the next place, the knight will have the power to concentrate the conclusion of all his thinking into one act of consciousness.
The knight, then, makes the movement. The knight will recollect everything, but this recollection is precisely the pain, and yet in infinite resignation he is reconciled with existence.
His love for that princess would become for him the expression of an eternal love, would assume a religious character, would be transfigured into a love of the eternal being, which true enough denied the fulfillment but nevertheless did reconcile him once more in the eternal consciousness of its validity in an eternal form that no actuality can take away from him.
In infinite resignation there is peace and rest.
The knight of faith does exactly the same as the other knight did, but he makes one more movement, for he says: Nevertheless I have faith that I will get her—that is, by virtue of the absurd, by virtue of the fact that for God all things are possible. The knight of faith can, by virtue of the absurd, get what he desires totally and completely. However, Silentio also comments that "that is over and beyond human powers, that is a marvel."
Abraham and Isaac
Johannes de Silentio believes that Abraham is one such knight of faith. In the Book of Genesis, God told Abraham to sacrifice his son Isaac. Abraham dearly loved his son, but although bemoaning this fate, Abraham obeyed this command faithfully. Just as he was about to commit the act, an angel stopped Abraham and rewarded him with his son and his steadfast faith. In the same paradoxical act of committing murder, which would humanly kill off his son, Abraham believed, through virtue of the absurd, he would still have his son alive and well. Abraham was willing to risk everything for God. He was willing to act and in his action he received the highest good, his eternal happiness.
But "how" did Abraham act? He walked for 3 days step by step trusting in God. That is an example of keeping expectancy alive when any ethicist would say it should have died before he left home. What would have happened to his expectancy had he told Sarah? Or Isaac? He would have to explain himself but he couldn't. So he ventured for the truth of what he understood as the highest good. He kept his resolution intact.
Who are knights of faith?
Silentio personally believes that only two people were ever knights of faith: The Virgin Mary, and Abraham. It is also possible that Silentio regards Jesus as a knight of faith. Silentio grants that there may be knights of faith out there that we do not know about, or that there never have been knights of faith. This is because knights of faith exist alone in isolation. Yet Kierkegaard said the following in Repetition. "The Young Man has gone through the same ordeal as Job but neither of them is a Knight of Faith." Abraham wasn't really alone and living in isolation, he was only alone for three anxiety-filled days, he was a married man who had a wife and children and God had promised him many more. Mary was alone with the angel for a short time but then she was a wife and later a mother. To be sure, Mary bore the child wondrously, but she nevertheless did it “after the manner of women,” and such a time is one of anxiety, distress and paradox. The angel was indeed a ministering spirit, but he was not a meddlesome spirit who went to the other young maidens in Israel and said: Do not scorn Mary, the extraordinary is happening to her. The angel went only to Mary, and no one could understand her. Has any woman been as infringed upon, as Mary, and is it not true here also that the one whom God blesses he curses in the same breath? Fear and Trembling p. 65
The Knight of Faith is a man or woman of action. (See Eighteen Upbuilding Discourses for the kind of action.) Abraham became a Knight of Faith because he voluntarily lifted the knife to sacrifice Isaac. Mary was a Knight of Faith because she volunteered to have Jesus. Jesus became a Knight of Faith because he voluntarily went to the cross. Paul was a Knight of Faith because he voluntarily (resolutely) went to Jerusalem. Kierkegaard considered Diogenes a Knight of Faith also but he didn't have to do great feats or conquer the universe to become one. Kierkegaard stressed the reversal of the inner and the outer in his first book, Either/Or. He may have been thinking that Mary and Joseph, Job, Abraham, Paul, Socrates, and Jesus all acted in the "innermost being" rather than in the external temporal world at times. However, he made a sharp distinction between Mary and others in his The Book on Adler. Adler had an action in the innermost being but didn't think it was his job to do what he was told but that it was something he should tell the whole church (assembly) to do. An action in the inner-being is something completely different from an action in the outer being. How does one paint an inner action? How does one show an inner action on the stage? How does one describe it to another?
Kierkegaard says, "When the Eleatics denied motion, Diogenes, as everyone knows, came forward as an opponent. He literally did come forward, because he did not say a word but merely paced back and forth a few times, thereby assuming that he had sufficiently refuted them." He used Diogenes in the same way in Philosophical Fragments in 1844.
Kierkegaard kept to the same theme in his earlier and later works. "The great heroic feats are the stuff of history but they are not the stuff of life. Each single individual can do the great things of life. Each of us is born with the power to become what we become. "[Faith] can be grasped and held fast by the simplest of people, it is only the more difficult for the cultured to attain. What a wondrous, inspiring, Christian humanity: the highest is common for all human beings." He wrote,
Kierkegaard always points the individual forward just as he did with Abraham. He's always expectant of the good instead of dreading the evil. He trusted God. It's the same with the single individual who has to make a resolution to give some finite thing up and has found that the finite has become of infinite importance. Abraham had faith, and had faith for this life. In fact, if his faith had been only for the life to come, he certainly would have more readily discarded everything in order to rush out of a world to which he did not belong. Fear and Trembling p. 20
Kierkegaard uses this extreme example of the paradox of faith to help people who are afraid to give something up or to take a risk without any certainty of reward. Abraham was willing to risk everything to follow God and Christ was willing to risk everything to teach humanity how to love. Neither of them knew what would come of it. Abraham learned how to love God but did he learn how to love his neighbor and himself?
If I am anxious about a past misfortune, then this is not because it is in the past but because it may be repeated, i.e., become future. If I am anxious because of a past offense, it is because I have not placed it in an essential relation to myself as past and have in some deceitful way prevented it from being past. If indeed it is actually past, then I cannot be anxious but only repentant. If I do not repent, I have allowed myself to make my relation to the offense dialectical, and by this the offense itself has become a possibility, and not something past. If I am anxious about the punishment, it is only because this has been placed in a dialectical relation to the offense (otherwise I suffer my punishment), and then I am anxious for the possible for the future. Thus we have returned to where we were in Chapter I. Anxiety is the psychological state that precedes sin. It approaches sin as closely as possible, as anxiously as possible, but without explaining sin, which breaks forth only in the qualitative leap. Søren Kierkegaard, The Concept of Anxiety, Nichol p. 91-92
Maurice Stanley Friedman compared Kierkegaard and Kafka in his 1963 book Problematic rebel, an image of modern man (p. 386) K. is at times lacking in courage and at other times brazenly impudent, and he is far from "observing every rule of propriety with a glad and confident enthusiasm," like Kierkegaard's "knight of faith." But he does not exalt the Castle "meanly" and, unlike the villagers he dares "to enter those palaces where not merely the memory of the elect abides but . . . the elect themselves." He knows the Angst of Kierkegaard's "knight of faith" who is "born outside the universal" and walks "a solitary path, narrow and steep . . . without meeting a single traveller." Passage after passage in The Castle, indeed, shows K. as essentially a Single One, who has the courage to meet the officials face to face and who is willing to dispense with all the universal patterns and official procedures if he can do so.
Jacques Maritain wrote in 1964, “Soren Kierkegaard was a contemporary of Marx. But it was only at the beginning of the twentieth century that his name began to become famous and his influence to be felt. Neither a philosopher in the strict sense of the word-although nourished in philosophy-and yet a philosopher in the sense of being a lay thinker; nor a theologian nor a prophet (obsessed by his feeling for the requirements of the Gospel and by his own unworthiness, he hardly dared to profess himself a Christian), and yet a kind of prophet and a knight of faith, and, at the end of his life, “a witness to the truth” in his passionate revolt against the established church, this poet of the religious, as he called himself, is a figure complex and ambiguous enough to occupy generations of interpreters and to justify their disagreements.” He also claimed that Theodor Haecker was a knight of faith.
Kierkegaard used his book Fear and Trembling to make the claim that Abraham, Mary and a tax collector were also knights of faith. These were just common people so faith isn't just for the "chosen few", he says, "Moses struck the rock, but he did not have faith. … Abraham was God’s chosen one, and it was the Lord who imposed the ordeal.” He says "artists go forward by going backward" by writing about Abraham's faith, Job's faith, Paul's faith and even Christ's faith and by creating imaginary constructions about "heroes" of faith they make Christianity difficult for the simple individual who wants to be a Christian. Yet at the same time churches often make Christianity "a matter of course". Faith just grows by itself, it needs no testing by the individual who wants to have faith, it ends up explained by external functions rather than the internal acknowledgement by the single individual who wants to be a Christian. Artistically faith becomes something impossible to reproduce in actual life. Only the person who is existing can reproduce faith, expectancy, patience, love and the resolution to hold fast to the expectation no matter what happens in his or her own life to the best of their ability. A person can become a Knight of Faith by acting without certainty. This is what Abraham did in Fear and Trembling and The Young Man failed to do in Repetition. One says, I'll do it because everything within me says I should and the other says I'll do it if everything outside of me says I should. Kierkegaard described the difference well in Either/Or. If one wishes to strip people of their illusions in order to lead them to something more true, here as always you [the esthete] are “at your service in every way.” On the whole you are tireless in tracking down illusions in order to smash them to pieces. You talk so sensibly, with such experience, that anyone who does not know you better must believe that you are a steady man. But you have by no means arrived at what is true. You stopped with destroying the illusion, and since you did it in every conceivable direction, you actually have worked your way into a new illusion-that one can stop with this. Yes, my friend, you are living in an illusion, and you are achieving nothing. Here I have spoken the word that has always had such a strange effect on you. Achieve-“So who is achieving something? That is precisely one of the most dangerous illusions. I do not busy myself in the world at all; I amuse myself the best I can, and I am particularly amused by those people who believe that they are achieving, and is it not indescribably funny that a person believes that? I refuse to burden my life with such grandiose pretensions.” Søren Kierkegaard, Either/Or Part II, Hong, p. 78-79
Biographical
Kierkegaard was raised by parents who were at opposite poles of the spectrum of faith. His father read philosophy and studied with the leaders of the Church of Denmark while his mother couldn't even read. He had learned the terror of belief at an early age. He stood far to the right of the two extremes of the consciousness of sin: those who believe that they sin because Adam sins, so there is no use trying to stop sinning; and those who believe that every sin is like crucifying Christ and possibly commit suicide because they despise themselves so much. One is in danger of being too light-minded about sin, and the other is in danger of being halted or stopped at every moment in fear and trembling. His father taught him the terror of Christianity but his mother showed him the lighter side of the faith. He sought his own balance between the two and he thought his contribution to the discussion about beauty, truth and faith was worth reading. This is how he explained it to himself in Two Upbuilding Discourses, 1843, and in his Journals (1849). He died not knowing if he had achieved anything at all but he still had faith.If you had loved people then the earnestness of life might have taught you not to be strident but to become silent, and when you were in distress at sea and did not see land, then at least not to involve others in it; it might have taught you to smile at least as long as you believed anyone sought in your face an explanation, a witness. We do not judge you for doubting, because doubt is a crafty passion, and it can certainly be difficult to tear oneself out of its snares. What we require of the doubter that he be silent. What doubt did not make him happy-why then confide to others what will make them just as unhappy. Doubt is a deep and crafty passion. But he whose soul is not gripped by it so inwardly that he becomes speechless is only shamming this passion, therefore what he says is not only false in itself but above all on his lips. The expectancy of faith, then, is victory. The doubt that comes from the outside does not disturb it, since it disgraces itself by speaking. Yet doubt is guileful, on secret paths it sneaks around a person, and when faith is expecting victory, doubt whispers that this expectancy is a deception. An expectancy that without a specified time and place is nothing but a deception; In that way one may always go on waiting; such an expectancy is a circle into which the soul is bewitched and from which it does not escape. In the expectancy of faith, the soul is indeed prevented from falling out of itself, as it were, into multiplicity; it remains in itself, but it would be the worst evil that could befall a person if it escaped from this cycle.
Søren Kierkegaard, Two Upbuilding Discourses, May 16, 1843When I began as an author of Either/Or, I no doubt had a far more profound impression of the terror of Christianity than any clergyman in the country. I had a fear and trembling such as perhaps no one else had. Not that I therefore wanted to relinquish Christianity. No, I had another interpretation of it. For one thing I had in fact learned very early that there are men who seem to be selected for suffering, and, for another thing, I was conscious of having sinned much and therefore supposed that Christianity had to appear to me in the form of this terror. But how cruel and false of you, I thought, if you use it to terrify others, perhaps upset every so many happy, loving lives that may very well be truly Christian. It was as alien as it could possibly be to my nature to want to terrify others, and therefore I both sadly and perhaps also a bit proudly found my joy in comforting others and in being gentleness itself to them-hiding the terror in my own interior being. So my idea was to give my contemporaries (whether or not they themselves would want to understand) a hint in humorous form (in order to achieve a lighter tone) that a much greater pressure was needed-but then no more; I aimed to keep my heavy burden to myself, as my cross. I have often taken exception to anyone who was a sinner in the strictest sense and then promptly got busy terrifying others. Here is where Concluding Postscript comes in. …
Søren Kierkegaard, Journal and Papers, VI 6444 (Pap. X1 A541) (1849) (Either/Or Part II, Hong p. 451-452)
External links
Soren Kierkegaard & Existentialist Philosophy Fear and Trembling Lecture YouTube
Søren Kierkegaard | The Knight of Faith | Philosophy Core Concepts YouTube
Søren Kierkegaard | The Knight of Infinite Resignation | Philosophy Core Concepts YouTube
See also
Angst
Übermensch
References
General
Kierkegaard: A Biography by Alastair Hannay. Cambridge University Press, New edition 2003, .
Kierkegaard and Fear and Trembling by John Lippit. Routledge 2003,
Søren Kierkegaard: A Biography by Joakim Garff. Princeton University Press 2005, .
Conceptions of self
Religious philosophical concepts
Christian ethics
Religious belief and doctrine
Søren Kierkegaard
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3988574
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nils%20Olaf%20Hovdenak
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Nils Olaf Hovdenak
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Nils Olaf Hovdenak (8 January 1854 – 21 July 1942) was a Norwegian politician for the Conservative Party. He was Minister of Labour 1912–1913. Hovdenak was an engineer by profession.
References
1854 births
1942 deaths
Government ministers of Norway
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3988592
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tormod%20Kristoffer%20Hustad
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Tormod Kristoffer Hustad
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Tormod Kristoffer Hustad (15 February 1889 – 19 August 1973) was the Norwegian minister of agriculture in the 1940 pro-Nazi puppet government of Vidkun Quisling, provisional councilor of state for agriculture in the government appointed by Reichskommissar Josef Terboven in 1940, and minister of labour in the NS government 1942–1944. He was replaced by Hans Skarphagen in 1944. In the post-war legal purges he was convicted of treason and sentenced to life imprisonment and forced labour.
References
1889 births
1973 deaths
Government ministers of Norway
Members of Nasjonal Samling
People convicted of treason for Nazi Germany against Norway
Prisoners sentenced to life imprisonment by Norway
Norwegian prisoners sentenced to life imprisonment
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3988597
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vidkunn%20Hveding
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Vidkunn Hveding
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Vidkunn Hveding (27 March 1921 – 19 May 2001) was a Norwegian politician for the Conservative Party, and the Minister of Petroleum and Energy from 1981–1983. Hveding was born in Orkdal, Sør-Trøndelag, and was a civil engineer by profession. He was married to Marie Palmstrøm (1 September 1926 – 1 October 1986) from 1948 to 1963, and remarried in 1963 to Tone Barth (25 January 1924 - 10 October 1980), the sister of Professor of Social Anthropology Fredrik Barth (b. 1928).
References
1921 births
2001 deaths
Petroleum and energy ministers of Norway
Conservative Party (Norway) politicians
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3988605
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allen%20Lissette
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Allen Lissette
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Allen Fisher Lissette (6 November 1919 – 24 January 1973) was a New Zealand cricketer who played in two Tests in 1956.
Cricket career
A left-arm orthodox spinner, Lissette played for Waikato in the Hawke Cup from 1938 to 1970. He was 35 when he made his first-class debut in 1954–55 for Auckland.
After taking 7 for 50 in Auckland's victory over Otago in the Plunket Shield in January 1956 and four wickets against the touring West Indians in his next match, Lissette was selected for the first two Tests of the series against West Indies. He took three wickets, but New Zealand lost both matches by an innings, and he was not selected again.
When the Northern Districts team was formed for the 1956–57 season he joined them and played for them until 1962–63, the season they won their first Plunket Shield. He captained Northern Districts in the 1957–58 season, and took five wickets in their first victory, over Central Districts that season. His best innings and match figures in first-class cricket came in the match against Otago in 1959–60, when he took 7 for 45 and 5 for 64; Otago nevertheless won by 72 runs.
Later life
Lissette was a squadron leader in the Royal New Zealand Air Force, and in the 1966 Queen's Birthday Honours, he was appointed a Member of the Military Division of the Order of the British Empire.
He suffered a heart attack during a club game in October 1972 and died the following January.
See also
List of Auckland representative cricketers
References
External links
1919 births
1973 deaths
New Zealand Test cricketers
New Zealand cricketers
Auckland cricketers
Northern Districts cricketers
People from Morrinsville
New Zealand Members of the Order of the British Empire
Royal New Zealand Air Force personnel
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3988607
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ian%20Sinclair%20%28cricketer%29
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Ian Sinclair (cricketer)
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Ian McKay Sinclair (1 June 1933 – 25 August 2019) was a New Zealand cricketer who played in two Tests in 1956.
Life and career
Sinclair was born in Rangiora, Canterbury, and educated at Rangiora High School. An off-spin bowler and useful tail-end batsman, Sinclair made his first-class cricket debut for Canterbury in the 1953–54 season when Matt Poore was in South Africa with the New Zealand team. His performances were moderate (108 runs at 15.42 and 10 wickets at 41.70 in five matches) and he did not appear in 1954–55.
When Poore was away again in 1955–56, this time touring India and Pakistan, and Tom Burtt retired, Sinclair became Canterbury's leading spin bowler. He took 5 for 57 and 2 for 26 in the first match of the Plunket Shield season against Otago, 1 for 50 and 4 for 17 as well as his highest score of 40 in the next match against Auckland, 4 for 36 and 0 for 74 against Wellington, and 5 for 65 and 1 for 73 against Central Districts. All four matches were victories for Canterbury, which consequently won the competition. He took 4 for 73 for Canterbury against the touring West Indians, and was selected in the team for the Second and Third Tests. However, he took only one wicket (of Everton Weekes), New Zealand lost both matches, and he never played another Test. He was twelfth man in the Fourth Test, when New Zealand recorded their first Test victory.
He played three matches for Canterbury in 1956-57 but took only four wickets.
Personal life
Sinclair and his wife Azalea, a former New Zealand netball representative, were married for 63 years. He died in Tauranga in August 2019, aged 86.
References
External links
Ian Sinclair at CricketArchive
1933 births
2019 deaths
Canterbury cricketers
Cricketers from Rangiora
New Zealand cricketers
New Zealand Test cricketers
People educated at Rangiora High School
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3988610
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ragnvald%20Hvoslef
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Ragnvald Hvoslef
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Ragnvald Hvoslef (19 September 1872 in Oslo – 8 August 1944) was a Norwegian Nazi politician and collaborator during the Second World War. He was a co-founder of the Norwegian Nazi party Nasjonal Samling in 1933. In 1940 he was named by Vidkun Quisling as Minister of Defence in Quisling's attempted and ultimately unsuccessful coup government, but declined the position. From 1941 he held several roles in Quisling's collaborator regime, including as Police President in Kirkenes 1941–1942, as head of Nasjonal Samling's effort to fight "sabotage" and as head of Quisling's personal intelligence organisation within Nasjonal Samling from 1943 until his death.
References
1872 births
1944 deaths
Politicians from Oslo
Volunteers in the Winter War
Norwegian Army personnel of World War II
Members of Nasjonal Samling
Knights of the Order of the Dannebrog
Knights of the Order of the Sword
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3988614
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trevor%20Barber
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Trevor Barber
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Richard Trevor Barber (3 June 1925 – 7 August 2015) was a New Zealand cricketer who played in one Test in 1956, against the West Indies in Wellington.
Life and career
Barber was born in Otaki, on the Kapiti Coast north of Wellington, where his family had a dairy farm. He attended Wellington College as a boarder.
A middle-order batsman, Barber played for Wellington from 1945–46 to 1958–59, and for Central Districts in 1959–60. He scored his only century, 117, against Otago in Wellington in 1953–54, which was also one of the two Plunket Shield matches in which he kept wicket. He captained Wellington in 1950-51 and 1951–52, and from 1955–56 to 1957–58, and Central Districts in 1959–60. Wellington won the Shield under his captaincy in 1956–57. In a trial match between North Island and South Island in February 1958 he was the only player on either side to score fifty, with 51 in North Island's second innings, but he was not selected for the subsequent tour of England.
Dick Brittenden wrote that Barber "could field anywhere with distinction", especially slips and gully, and that "his cover drive, produced from the best blend of balance and timing, was for the connoisseur". However, it was widely held that his impatience prevented him from achieving his full potential as a batsman.
He worked for the Shell Oil Company, where he was responsible for its sponsorship of cricket and golf. On the death of Sammy Guillen on 1 March 2013, Barber became the oldest surviving New Zealand Test cricketer. Following his death in August 2015, John Reid became the oldest surviving New Zealand Test cricketer.
References
External links
Trevor Barber at Cricinfo
Trevor Barber at Cricket Archive
"The first thing you'd do was go out there and dominate the bowlers"
1925 births
2015 deaths
People educated at Wellington College (New Zealand)
New Zealand Test cricketers
New Zealand cricketers
Central Districts cricketers
Wellington cricketers
People from Ōtaki, New Zealand
North Island cricketers
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3988615
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Odd%20H%C3%B8jdahl
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Odd Højdahl
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Odd Højdahl (5 January 1921 – 23 February 1994) was a Norwegian trade unionist and politician for the Labour Party.
He was born in Oslo.
In 1971–1972 he was the Minister of Social Affairs in the first cabinet Bratteli. As an elected politician he served as a deputy representative to the Norwegian Parliament from Oslo during the term 1961–1965. On the local level he was a member of Oslo city council from 1953 to 1957.
Having studied law from 1941 to 1943, after World War II he worked one year as a police officer and then as a civil servant. He then became a professional trade unionist, holding positions in trade unions within the national trade union center Norwegian Confederation of Trade Unions from 1951. He later rose in the hierarchy of the Confederation to serve as secretary from 1960 to 1969 and then vice chairman from 1969 to 1977. From 1977 to 1988 he directed the Norwegian Labour Inspection Authority.
He chaired the Norwegian People's Aid from 1975 to 1979. He was a board member of Strukturfinans, Tiden Norsk Forlag, Arbeiderbladet and Den norske Creditbank.
References
1921 births
1994 deaths
Government ministers of Norway
Labour Party (Norway) politicians
Deputy members of the Storting
Politicians from Oslo
Norwegian trade unionists
Directors of government agencies of Norway
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5379735
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cleeve%20Horne
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Cleeve Horne
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Arthur Edward Cleeve Horne, , (January 9, 1912 – July 5, 1998) was a Canadian portrait painter and sculptor.
Career
Born in Jamaica, British West Indies, Horne came to Canada with his parents in 1913. When he was around nine years of age, recovering from pneumonia, his mother gave him modelling clay to pass the time. He did a head of Shakespeare which won a prize at the Canadian National Exhibition. By age 15, he was exhibiting with the Royal Canadian Academy.
In Horne's early career, he wanted to become a portrait sculptor and studied under Dorothy Dick, a British sculptor (1927-1928). From 1931 to 1934, he attended the Ontario College of Art and Design, Toronto, first studying sculpture under Emanuel Hahn but soon changing to painting with J. W. Beatty. He also studied portrait and landscape painting under John Wentworth Russell (1934-1935). He was told by Emanuel Hahn, "A sculptor can never change his hand and become a painter." Horne, however, achieved much more acclaim as a painter than a sculptor.
Horne was primarily a society painter. He is thought to have painted over 400 portraits during his career ca.(1928–1991). His most notable subjects include Alexander Graham Bell, Claude Bissell, Bora Laskin, Pauline Mills McGibbon, Jeanne Sauvé, Colonel R. Samuel McLaughlin and John Diefenbaker among many others. He held his first exhibition in 1935, his second in 1937, and served as a camouflage officer in the army in the Second World War and retired with the rank of Captain. Cleeve Horne died at Toronto, Ontario, Canada of a respiratory-related illness in 1998.
Commissions
Alexander Graham Bell, Brantford, Ont., 1948;
Wm Shakespeare, Stratford, Ont., 1950;
War Memorial, Law Society Upper Canada, Osgoode Hall, Toronto, 1951;
bas-relief on Bank of Canada Building (Toronto), 1958.
Awards and honours
1934 Awarded the Lieutenant Governor's Medal for Painting at the Ontario College of Art (first recipient)
1963 Awarded the Royal Architectural Institute of Canada's Allied Arts Medal
1965 Awarded the Royal Canadian Academy of Arts Medal
1967 Awarded the Canadian Centennial Medal
1977 Awarded the Queen Elizabeth II Silver Jubilee Medal
1982 Awarded the Ontario Society of Artists Award
1992 Awarded the 125th Anniversary of the Confederation of Canada Medal
1984 Appointment as "fellow", Ontario College of Art & Design
1987 Appointment to the Order of Ontario
1996 Appointment as officer of the Order of Canada
1999 Named "One of the Top 100 Portrait Artists of the 20th Century" by the Canadian Portrait Academy
Professional affiliations
Horne was a member of the Ontario Society of Artists and held the position of President from 1949-1951. He was also a member of the Royal Canadian Academy of Arts, Sculptors Society of Canada, the Canadian Portrait Academy and an Associate of the Ontario College of Art (AOCA).
Works
Personal life
Horne lived the majority of his life in Toronto. At the Ontario College of Art he met Jean Harris, a sculpture student; they married in 1939 and had three sons. The Hornes owned two houses that were both designed by prominent architectural firms. One was a permanent residence at 181 Balmoral Avenue in Toronto, built in 1952 and designed by Gordon Adamson. The other was a summer home at 1950 Concession 8 in Pickering, Ontario. The summer home was built in 1957 and designed by architects Michael Clifford and Kenneth Lawrie, and features a hyperbolic paraboloid roof.
Notes
External links
Official website
1912 births
1998 deaths
20th-century Canadian painters
Canadian male painters
Officers of the Order of Canada
Members of the Order of Ontario
Members of the Royal Canadian Academy of Arts
Canadian portrait painters
20th-century Canadian sculptors
Jamaican emigrants to Canada
20th-century Canadian male artists
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5379739
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Substantially%20equal%20periodic%20payments
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Substantially equal periodic payments
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Substantially equal periodic payments (SEPP) are one of the exceptions in the United States Internal Revenue Code that allows a retiree to receive payments before age 59 from a retirement plan or deferred annuity without the 10% early distribution penalty under certain circumstances.
Rules
The rules for SEPPs are set out in Code section 72(t) (for retirement plans) and section 72(q) (for annuities), and allow for three methods of calculating the allowed withdrawal amount:
Required minimum distribution method, based on the life expectancy of the account owner (or the joint life of the owner and his/her beneficiary) using the IRS tables for required minimum distributions.
Fixed amortization method over the life expectancy of the owner.
Fixed annuity method using an annuity factor from a reasonable mortality table.
The interest rate that can be used in the latter two calculations has been fixed at one not more than 120% of the Applicable Federal Mid Term rate (AFR) for either of the two months prior to the calculation. SEPP payments must continue for the longer of five years or until the account owner reaches 59. The payments cannot be changed beyond a one-time allowed change from one of the latter two calculation methods to the first or all of the payments received will be retroactively taxable and penalized.
If the retirement account owner withdraws more or less than the amount calculated under the SEPP formula, the 10% early distribution penalty that was waived would apply in all instances (where it was waived under the SEPP program), and interest on those amounts would also apply.
References
External links
IRS Publication 590 , Individual Retirement Arrangements (IRAs)
IRS Publication 575 , Pension and Annuity Income
Retirement plans in the United States
Personal taxes in the United States
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3988620
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maria%20Pia%20De%20Vito
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Maria Pia De Vito
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Maria Pia De Vito is an Italian jazz singer, composer, and arranger.
Career
A native of Naples, Italy, she studied classical music, opera, and Italian folk music. In 1976 she performed folk songs as a singer, guitarist, and pianist. In 1980 she sang with jazz musicians such as Art Ensemble of Chicago, Michael Brecker, Uri Caine, Peter Erskine, Paolo Fresu, Billy Hart, Maria Joao, Nguyên Lê, Dave Liebman, Bruno Tommaso, Gianluigi Trovesi, Steve Turre, Miroslav Vitous, and Joe Zawinul. In the 1980s she worked with Toots Thielemans and Mike Stern. She collaborated with Rita Marcotulli in the 1990s on the albums Nauplia and Fore Paese. She has often worked with the British composer Colin Towns and with pianist John Taylor.
Discography
As leader
Nauplia with Rita Marcotulli (Egea, 1995)
Fore Paese (PoloSud, 1996)
Triboh with Arto Tuncboyaciyan, Rita Marcotulli (PoloSud, 1998)
Phone (Egea, 1998)
Verso (Provocateur, 2000)
Nel Respiro (J SHP, 2002)
Tumulti with Patrice Heral (Il Manifesto, 2003)
So Right with Danilo Rea (CAM Jazz, 2005)
Jazzitaliano Live 2007 (Casa Del Jazz, 2007)
Dialektos with Huw Warren (Parco Della Musica, 2008)
O Pata Pata with Huw Warren (Parco Della Musica, 2011)
Il Pergolese with Francois Couturier (ECM, 2013)
Lazy Songs with Enzo Pietropaoli (Casa Del Jazz, 2016)
Core (Via Veneto Jazz, 2017)
Moresche e Altre Invenzioni (Parco Della Musica, 2018)
As guest
Pietro Tonolo, Un Veliero All'Orizzonte (Egea, 1997)
Colin Towns, Still Life (Provocateur, 1998)
Colin Towns, Dreaming Man with Blue Suede Shoes (Provocateur, 1999)
David Linx, One Heart, Three Voices (E-motive 2005)
Giorgio Gaslini, Il Brutto Anatrocolo (Time in Jazz, 2008)
Guinga, Porto Da Madama (Selo Sesc, 2015)
References
External links
Italian jazz singers
Women jazz singers
Jazz arrangers
Women jazz composers
Living people
1960 births
20th-century Italian women singers
20th-century jazz composers
21st-century Italian women singers
21st-century jazz composers
20th-century Italian composers
21st-century Italian composers
20th-century women composers
21st-century women composers
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3988621
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canterbury%20cricket%20team
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Canterbury cricket team
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Canterbury is a first-class cricket team based in Canterbury, New Zealand. It is one of six teams that compete in senior New Zealand Cricket competitions and has been the second most successful domestic team in New Zealand history. They compete in the Plunket Shield first-class competition and The Ford Trophy one day competition as well as in the Men's Super Smash competition as the Canterbury Kings.
Honours
Plunket Shield (19)
1922–23, 1930–31, 1934–35, 1945–46, 1948–49, 1951–52, 1955–56, 1959–60, 1964–65, 1975–76, 1983–84, 1993–94, 1996–97, 1997–98, 2007–08, 2010–11, 2013–14, 2014–15, 2016–17, 2020–21
The Ford Trophy (15)
1971–72, 1975–76, 1976–77, 1977–78, 1985–86, 1991–92, 1992–93, 1993–94, 1995–96, 1996–97, 1998–99, 1999–00, 2005–06, 2016–17, 2020–21
Men's Super Smash (1)
2005–06
Grounds
Canterbury play their home matches at Hagley Oval in Christchurch and occasionally at Mainpower Oval in Rangiora.
Current squad
No. denotes the player's squad number, as worn on the back of their shirt.
denotes players with international caps.
References
Further reading
"Fifty Years of Cricket: Jubilee of the CCA" from The Press, 23 December 1927
External links
Canterbury Cricket Official Website
Canterbury Kings Official Website
New Zealand first-class cricket teams
Cricket clubs established in 1864
Cricket in Canterbury
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3988624
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trevor%20Meale
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Trevor Meale
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Trevor Meale (11 November 1928 – 21 May 2010) was a New Zealand cricketer who played in two Tests in 1958. Meale was born in Papatoetoe, Auckland and died in Orewa, Auckland.
Cricket career
A left-handed opening batsman, Meale played several times for Wellington in Plunket Shield matches in the early 1950s, but his only centuries came in matches against touring teams. Against the West Indian cricket team in his debut season of 1951–52, his unbeaten 112 saved the match for Wellington, while his 130 against Fiji in 1953–54 was his last first-class innings for almost four years, and remained his highest score. He then moved to England to try to get into first-class cricket there, but was not successful.
Meale re-emerged in New Zealand in the trial games from which the 1958 New Zealand team to England was picked, scored 48, and was duly selected for the trip. But on a disastrous tour for New Zealand in a very wet English summer, he was not a success: he scored just over 500 runs and averaged only 21 runs per innings. A hard-hitting 89 against Worcestershire and an undefeated 64 against Somerset led to his selection for the First Test: batting at number six, he scored 7 in the first innings and 10 in the second, with a four and a six. He was dropped for the next three Tests, but reappeared in the rain-ruined final Test at The Oval, where he scored just 1 and 3. After the tour he retired from first-class cricket.
He played several matches for Hutt Valley in the Hawke Cup between 1952-53 and 1958-59.
References
External links
Trevor Meale at Cricket Archive
Trevor Meale at Cricinfo
1928 births
2010 deaths
New Zealand Test cricketers
New Zealand cricketers
Wellington cricketers
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3988631
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nils%20H%C3%B8nsvald
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Nils Hønsvald
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Nils Hønsvald (4 December 1899 – 24 November 1971) was a Norwegian newspaper editor and politician for the Labour Party. He was one of the leading figures in Norwegian politics from 1945 to 1969. He served as President of the Nordic Council in 1958 and 1963.
Hønsvald was born in Horten, Vestfold County, Norway. He was editor of Østfold Arbeiderblad in Sarpsborg, regional newspaper for the Norwegian Labour Party which was discontinued in 1929 and editor of Sarpsborg Arbeiderblad, a local newspaper published in Sarpsborg (1929–1969).
He participated in the Left Communist Youth League's military strike action of 1924. He was convicted for assisting in this crime and sentenced to 120 days of prison. He was later present at the congress of 24 April 1927 when the Left Communist Youth League was merged with the Socialist Youth League to found the Workers' Youth League.
During the occupation of Norway by Nazi Germany, he was arrested in March 1941. He was incarcerated at Møllergata 19 before being transferred to Ånebyleiren concentration camp and then to Grini concentration camp in May. He was released on 12 June 1941. In December 1944 he was arrested again, and was transferred from Fredrikstad to Grini, where he remained until the war's end.
Hønsvald was Minister of Supplies and Reconstruction (1948–1950), and minister without ministry in 1950. Hønsvald was President of the Lagting (1961–1965) and President of the Odelsting (1965–1969). Nils Hønsvalds gate in Sarpsborg was named in his honor.
References
External links
Photograph of Nils Hønsvald
1899 births
1971 deaths
People from Horten
Labour Party (Norway) politicians
Government ministers of Norway
Members of the Storting
Norwegian prisoners and detainees
Prisoners and detainees of Norway
Norwegian resistance members
Grini concentration camp survivors
Vice Presidents of the Storting
20th-century Norwegian politicians
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3988632
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Live%20in%20Canada%202005%3A%20The%20Dark%20Secret
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Live in Canada 2005: The Dark Secret
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Live in Canada 2005: The Dark Secret, released in 2006, is the first live album by the symphonic power metal band Rhapsody. It was recorded on 14 June 2005 at the Métropolis in Montreal, Canada, during the first part of the Demons, Dragons and Warriors World Tour.
It is the last release of the band under the name Rhapsody. They changed their named to Rhapsody of Fire later that year.
Track listing
Disc 1
Disc 2 – Limited Edition DVD
Concert in Dolby Digital 5.1 Surround – 60:07
Preview: Introduction & USA – 1:58
Preview: Canada – 3:42
Preview: Europe – 5:14
Personnel
Credits for Live in Canada 2005: The Dark Secret adapted from liner notes.
Rhapsody of Fire
Fabio Lione – lead vocals
Luca Turilli – guitar
Dominique Leurquin – guitar
Alex Staropoli – keyboards
Patrice Guers – bass
Alex Holzwarth – drums
Additional musician
Dominique Leurquin – guitar
Production
Sascha Paeth – production, engineering, mixing
Dirk Kloiber – recording
Philip Colodetti – engineering
Ernst Seider – engineering
Bob Rager – engineering
Joey DeMaio – executive producer
Karsten vom Wege – cover art, layout
Charts
References
External links
Editing Live in Canada 2005: The Dark Secret Album Review
Rhapsody of Fire live albums
2006 live albums
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3988646
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ragnhild%20Queseth%20Haarstad
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Ragnhild Queseth Haarstad
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Ragnhild Queseth Haarstad (4 April 1939 in Grue – 6 June 2017) was a Norwegian politician for the Centre Party. She was Minister of Local Government from 1997 to 1999. She died on 6 June 2017 at the age of 78.
References
1939 births
2017 deaths
People from Grue, Norway
Ministers of Local Government and Modernisation of Norway
Centre Party (Norway) politicians
Members of the Storting
20th-century Norwegian politicians
20th-century Norwegian women politicians
Women members of the Storting
Women government ministers of Norway
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5379742
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kevin%20Cheng
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Kevin Cheng
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Kevin Cheng Ka-wing (born 15 August 1969) is a Hong Kong American actor and singer who is currently under the management of the Hong Kong television network TVB. Cheng rose to fame in late 2004 after playing his first lead role in the TVB drama Hard Fate.
He is best known for his role as "L.A. Law" in the 2011 TVB legal drama Ghetto Justice, which earned him a TVB Anniversary Award for Best Actor and Asian Television Award for Best Actor in a Leading Role.
Early life
Cheng was born in San Francisco, California, but spent most of his childhood in Hong Kong. He attended Pun U Association Wah Yah Primary School, Wah Yan College, the Hong Kong International School, and Alhambra High School in the United States. During his school days, his mother sent him back to China, where he lived with his uncle for two years before returning to Hong Kong after his mother changed her mind about migrating to the United States. He completed his high school education in Canada. He pursued a civil engineering degree at the California State University in Los Angeles, but did not finish his studies because his father died and he wanted to move back to Hong Kong to be with his mother.
Career
1993–2005
When Cheng was 16 years old, he participated in a singing contest organised by the Hong Kong television network TVB but dropped out halfway because he felt that he was not ready to be a singer at that time. Later, after he moved back to Hong Kong in his early 20s, he decided to continue his pursuit of a singing career. He signed a contract with the record label PolyGram in 1993 and released his first album in the same year to mixed reviews. He was seen as a newcomer with good potential and managed to win several Best New Artist awards in 1994. Cheng's manager later helped him launch his career in the Taiwanese entertainment industry. In Taiwan, Cheng released several Mandarin albums and acted in some television dramas, but all of them were only moderately successful..
Cheng was noticed by Mediacorp after he portrayed the villain "Jiang Yulang" in the 1999 Taiwanese television series The Legendary Siblings. He returned to Hong Kong and signed a management contract with TVB in the following year and started playing minor roles in some television series produced by the network. In 2004, he played a leading role for the first time in the TVB drama Hard Fate.
2006–2010
Cheng soared to popularity after portraying "Alan Shum" in the 2006 romantic drama Under the Canopy of Love, for which he also won the TVB Anniversary Award for Best Actor that year. His singing career also gradually improved after the Taiwanese musician Liu Chia-chang composed a single, "Helpless" (無可奈何), for him. In the same year, he also released a Cantonese compilations album and held his very first mini concert. Niki Chow, Raymond Lam and Miriam Yeung were among the guest singers who appeared at his concert.
Cheng had another critical breakthrough role in the 2007 crime drama The Ultimate Crime Fighter, in which he played the villain "Aaren Chong" and earned glowing reviews for his performance. In the 2008 thriller-suspense drama Last One Standing, his portrayal of the ex-convict "Sing Hei" earned him further critical acclaim and widespread praise from viewers. He was also one of the top five nominees for the TVB Anniversary Award for Best Actor in 2008, but the award went to the veteran TVB actor Ha Yu.
In 2010 Cheng took up the role of 8th Prince in Startling by Each Step (Bu Bu Jing Xin) which later brought his career to greater heights and has since gained him recognition in China.
2011-present
In 2011, Cheng clinched the "Best Actor" award for his role in the legal drama Ghetto Justice at the 16th Asian Television Awards (ATA) as well as winning the Best Actor award at the 2011 TVB Anniversary Award.
In 2016, Cheng starred in the drama Blue Veins, in which he played the role of undead human and vampire hunter, Ying Wut-zoek, who had been given super powered immortals during 500 years ago.
In 2021, Cheng starred in the medical drama Kid’s Lives Matter, for which he is placed among the top 5 nominees for the Best Actor at the 2021 TVB Anniversary Award.
Personal life
On 12 August 2018, after much speculation, Cheng married his girlfriend of three years, actress and Miss Hong Kong 2013 Grace Chan, in Bali, Indonesia. Their son Rafael Cheng was born in February 2019.
Filmography
Films
Television dramas
Discography
Albums
TVB drama songs
Others
Awards
TVB Anniversary Awards
Won
Nominated
Others
References
External links
Kevin Cheng Official TVB Profile
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! colspan="3" style="background: #DAA520;" | TVB Anniversary Awards
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! colspan="3" style="background: #DAA520;" | Asian Television Awards
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! colspan="3" style="background: #DAA520;" | My AOD Favourites Awards
1969 births
Living people
Male actors from the San Francisco Bay Area
Alumni of Wah Yan
American emigrants to Hong Kong
American people of Hong Kong descent
Hong Kong male film actors
Hong Kong male singers
Hong Kong male television actors
Musicians from the San Francisco Bay Area
People from Nanhai District
TVB veteran actors
20th-century American male actors
20th-century Hong Kong male actors
21st-century Hong Kong male actors
21st-century American male actors
American born Hong Kong artists
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5379749
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aravane%20Reza%C3%AF
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Aravane Rezaï
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Aravane Rezaï (; Arghavān-e Rezāyi , born 14 March 1987) is an Iranian–French tennis player. She has defeated many top players on the WTA Tour, such as Justine Henin, Venus Williams, Victoria Azarenka, Maria Sharapova, Dinara Safina, Francesca Schiavone, Caroline Wozniacki, Marion Bartoli, Flavia Pennetta, Jelena Janković and Ai Sugiyama. Her career-high ranking was No. 15, achieved on 11 October 2010.
Personal life
Rezaï was born to Iranian parents in Saint-Étienne. She took up tennis after a childhood stint as her older brother's ball girl.
Career
2001–2008
Rezaï competed for Iran at the Women's Islamic Games, winning gold in 2001 and 2005.
She also won the Chambon-sur-Lignon Open in 2004.
Rezaï started playing for France in 2006. For the second year in a row, she lost in the qualifying rounds of the Australian Open. However, her French Open run was more successful. She struggled through to the third round of the tournament, defeating Ai Sugiyama of Japan along the way. She fell to Nicole Vaidišová, in a hard-fought three-setter. Her Wimbledon dreams were also put on hold as she fell in the first round of qualifying. At the US Open, she reached the fourth round, her career best Grand Slam singles result. She also competed on the ITF Circuit throughout the year, reaching the final of two tournaments, as well as winning one in the later part of the year on the hard courts of France.
Her 2007 year started poorly, reaching the second round only twice in her first thirteen tournaments on tour, including a first-round loss at the Australian Open. At the International clay tournament of Istanbul, Rezaï reached the final by beating world No. 29 Venus Williams in the second round (6–4, 6–4) and world No. 2 Maria Sharapova in the semifinal (6–2, 6–4). In the final she lost to Elena Dementieva due to retiring, trailing 6–7, 0–3.
In spite of her good performance in the İstanbul, she lost the week after 6–2, 6–4 to countrywoman Marion Bartoli in the first round of the French Open. In her first appearance in Wimbledon she defeated Shenay Perry from the U.S. 6–2, 7–6, and Francesca Schiavone, the 29th seed, in the second round, 6–4, 2–6, 6–4. However, in the third round she was defeated by Ana Ivanovic 6–3, 6–2. At the US Open in the second round, she once again lost to Ivanovic. She ended an appalling year with yet another ITF title in Deauville, France, losing only one set en route to her victory.
Rezaï reached the final of the ASB Classic in Auckland despite being unseeded. She lost to Lindsay Davenport 2–6, 2–6. Her year stagnated with early losses in the first and second rounds of tournaments, however, and her only other grand success of the year came on the clay of Morocco in mid-spring, where she reached the semifinals before falling to Gisela Dulko.
At the Australian Open, Rezaï reached the third round, beating 13th seed Tatiana Golovin in the second round 6–3, 3–6, 6–3 before losing to Hsieh Su-wei 2–6, 7–6, 4–6. Her Grand Slam results for the rest of the year were disappointing. At the French Open, she fell to Nadia Petrova in the first round. At Wimbledon, she faced Gisela Dulko. She pushed Dulko to three sets, but eventually fell 6–1, 0–6, 2–6. The US Open started well as she defeated American Asia Muhammad 6–2, 6–4. However, she fell in the second round to Sybille Bammer, 1–6, 5–7.
2009
Rezaï won the first WTA title of her career in Strasbourg, beating Lucie Hradecká 7–6, 6–1 in the final. Despite a first-round loss at the Australian Open, she flew to the fourth round of the French Open after defeating Michelle Larcher de Brito 7–6, 6–2, but lost to world No. 1 Dinara Safina 1–6, 0–6, effectively putting an end to her participation in Roland-Garros. At Wimbledon, she beat Ayumi Morita 6–2, 6–2 but then lost to fourth seed Elena Dementieva 1–6, 3–6.
In the first round of Rogers Cup, she defeated Alizé Cornet 6–4, 7–5. In the second round, she made the biggest upset of the tournament by defeating world No. 1, Dinara Safina, 3–6, 6–2, 6–4. In the third round, she was defeated by Alisa Kleybanova in two sets 6–3, 6–4. Rezaï then lost at the US Open to Sabine Lisicki in the first round, her earliest loss ever at Flushing Meadows.
At the Toray Pan Pacific Open in Tokyo, Rezaï won her opening match in straight sets, defeating Sara Errani 6–2, 6–2. In the second round she lost to Marion Bartoli 4–6, 2–6.
Seeded tenth at the Commonwealth Bank Tournament of Champions, Rezaï won her first round-robin match against fourth seed Sabine Lisicki 6–1, 3–6, 4–6, then beat Melinda Czink in her second match 6–3, 7–5 to make her the first player to advance to the semifinals of the inaugural event. She then went on to the semifinals, where she beat María José Martínez Sánchez 6–2, 6–3. In the final she faced Marion Bartoli and won the first set 7–5 before Bartoli retired. Because of her performance Rezaï reached a new career high of world No. 26.
2010
Her first tournament of the year was the ASB Classic, where she was seeded No. 7. In the first round she beat fellow countrywoman Julie Coin 6–4, 6–3. At match point the lights in the stadium went out, but they were fixed shortly after and Rezaï closed out the match. In the second round she was defeated by Dominika Cibulková 6–3, 6–4.
Her next tournament was the Medibank International Sydney. Rezaï won her first-round match against Anna-Lena Grönefeld 6–7, 6–2, 6–2, then faced Ágnes Szávay, whom she defeated 6–3, 7–6. In the quarterfinals she beat Flavia Pennetta 6–3, 6–0; in the semifinal she faced world No. 1, Serena Williams. She began strong, leading in the match by 6–3, 5–2, and was two points away from victory, but ended up losing 6–3, 5–7, 4–6.
Rezaï was seeded No. 26 for the Australian Open. She won her first-round match against Sania Mirza 6–4, 6–2, but was then defeated in the second round by Angelique Kerber 6–2, 6–3. In the doubles draw she partnered with Sabine Lisicki, but they lost in the first round.
Her next tournament was the Open GDF Suez, where she was seeded No. 5. She won her first round match against qualifier Evgeniya Rodina 6–4, 6–4. In the second round she faced Andrea Petkovic, getting upset 6–3, 3–6, 6–3 and spoiling her chance to play Elena Dementieva in the quarterfinals. She lost in the next round.
At the Mutua Madrileña Madrid Open, Rezaï caused a huge upset in the first round, defeating the former world No. 1 and four-time French Open champion Justine Henin 4–6, 7–5, 6–0. In the second round, she won her match against Klára Zakopalová 6–3, 7–5, then defeated Andrea Petkovic in two sets 6–4, 7–6 (10–8). Rezaï pulled off a major fourth-round upset by defeating Jelena Janković in two straight sets 7–5, 6–4. In the semifinal she won against Lucie Šafářová (6–1, ret.) reaching the most important final in her career. She defeated Venus Williams in the final 6–2, 7–5, coming back from a 2–5 deficit and overcoming numerous set points to win. She then to the French Open with improved odds. Because of her performance at Mutua Madrileña, Rezaï reached a new high career ranking as No. 16. Seeded 15th at the French Open, Rezaï fell to No. 19 Nadia Petrova in the third round in three sets.
On grass Rezaï played at the Aegon Classic, cruising through the semifinals without dropping a set, but fell to eventual champion Li Na 1–6, 6–3, 3–6. She then played at the Aegon International, where she upset top seed Caroline Wozniacki 6–4, 1–6, 6–3 in the first round before retiring against María José Martínez Sánchez in the second round, down 6–2, 3–0. At the Wimbledon Championships, as the 18th seed, she was upset by Klára Zakopalová 5–7, 6–3, 6–3 in the second round.
At the Swedish Open Rezaï cruised through the finals with wins over Arantxa Parra Santonja and Lucie Šafářová, finally facing Gisela Dulko. Rezaï won 6–3, 4–6, 6–4, despite giving up a 4–0 lead in the third set.
At the Cincinnati Masters, Rezaï was upset by world No. 98 Bojana Jovanovski 4–6, 6–3, 6–4; even though she had "breathtaking" strokes, her serve was erratic with a high number of unforced errors.
Her disappointing level of play continued right up until the end of her season, as she lost in the first round of the Tournament of Champions. She won the title in 2009 but lost to Alisa Kleybanova in the first round 1–6, 2–6.
2011
Rezaï obtained an invite from the Hong Kong Tennis Patrons' Association to play in the Hong Kong Tennis Classic with Caroline Wozniacki and Stefan Edberg for Team Europe, but they lost to Team Russia (including Vera Zvonareva, Maria Kirilenko and Yevgeny Kafelnikov) in the final of Gold Group.
She started off the year with a win over world No. 8 Jelena Janković 7–5, 2–6, 6–3 but lost in the second round to Bojana Jovanovski 6–7, 6–7.
Seeded 17th, Rezaï competed at the Australian Open. She lost in the first round to Barbora Záhlavová-Strýcová of the Czech Republic 0–6, 6–3, 5–7.
Rezaï lost in the first round of the Monterrey Open to Alla Kudryavtseva 2–6, 1–6.
At the BNP Paribas Open, she reached the third round before being defeated by Maria Sharapova in straight sets, losing 2–6, 2–6.
She lost in the first round of the Sony Ericsson Open in Miami to Peng Shuai 0–6, 4–6.
Her poor form continued onto the start of the clay-court season. She lost in the first round of the Andalucia Tennis Experience in Marbella to world No. 258 Estrella Cabeza Candela 3–6, 0–6.
She returned to form at Dallas WTA tournament, where she reached the final.
2012–2014
Rezaï started her year playing in Auckland, where she lost in the first round to Peng Shuai. In Sydney, she was forced to retire in the qualifying draw. She would also go on to falling in round one of the Australian Open. She would then go on to losing in the qualifying of both Indian Wells and Miami, and fall in round two in Clearwater.
At the French Open, Rezaï she lost in the first round to Romanian Irina-Camelia Begu three sets (5–7, 7–5, 2–6). She reached two ITF finals this year with a victory in final at the Open 88 tournament in Contrexéville. Against Austrian Yvonne Meusburger, she won in three sets (6–3, 2–6, 6–3).
Rezaï lost in the first round of the French Open to Petra Kvitová, 3–6, 6–4, 2–6, and also in the first qualifying round of the Wimbledon to Mariana Duque Mariño, 6–4, 3–6, 3–6.
She lost in the first qualifying round of the Australian Open to Alla Kudryavtseva 4–6, 2–6.
2015–present: return to professional tennis
Rezaï announced her return to professional tennis after more than one-year absence, by taking a wildcard into the qualifying draw of the French Open, losing to compatriot Julie Coin in the first round. Later that year, she would only play two tournaments in Europe, losing in the early rounds in both. She would not play a tournament again until 2017.
In 2017, Rezaï would play a total of three ITF tournaments in France, but managed to win only one match across the three, defeating Maria Novikova. She then played one tournament each in November 2018 (in Luxembourg) and in July 2019 (in France), again falling in the early rounds of both. As of June 2020, Rezaï has not played a tournament since.
Significant finals
Tournament of Champions
Singles: 1 (1 title)
Premier Mandatory/Premier 5 tournaments
Singles: 1 (1 title)
WTA career finals
Singles: 7 (4–3)
ITF career finals
Singles: 12 (8–4)
Performance timeline
Political support
Rezaï told the Islamic Republic of Iran Broadcasting that she supported Iranian President Mahmoud Ahmadinejad. When the reporter asked her "Do you like Mr. Ahmadinejad?" and "why?", she responded that "Yes, I do a lot. Because he has shown Iran's power to the whole world and I am really proud of him."
In this interview, she also affirmed having presented two of her tennis rackets as a gift to Ahmadinejad. The footage of Rezaï presenting her tennis rackets to Ahmadinejad was used in his official campaign advertisement video during his 2009 presidential election campaign.
Father's controversies
Rezaï's father, Arsalan Rezaï, who was a member of her coaching team, has repeatedly been the focus of controversial allegations of violence and abuse. In one interview, Aravane said, "I had really difficult moments, lots of sacrifices. I remember playing outside in the rain and snow." Her father mentioned the concern neighbours had about his training methods: "I had lots of problems to train this girl: lack of money and lack of courts. There were neighbours who bothered us. They accused me, saying that this man was killing this child. But today she's not dead. She's happy."
At one point, the French Tennis Federation was forced to employ bodyguards to prevent Arsalan from attacking other competitors' fathers. In one 2006 incident, Arsalan attacked Sergey Vesnin, the father of Elena Vesnina, and then accidentally hit his own daughter with a racquet. Aravane was denied training funds that are typically available to all French players, and she was also banned in 2007 from training with other players at Roland Garros because of her father's dispute with the French Fed Cup captain.
Just prior to her loss in the first round of the 2011 Australian Open, Arsalan was violent to his daughter and threatened her boyfriend. After losing the match, Aravane said, "I do not want to look for excuses but I had a lot of trouble on the morning of the match." The WTA banned Arsalan from the tour indefinitely, pending investigation. The incident was also investigated by the Victoria police.
Playing style
Aravane Rezaï is well known for her hard hitting games and hits the ball with immense power; players often cite her as finishing the point a lot quicker. Jelena Janković stated after her quarterfinal against Rezaï in Madrid. "Aravane hits every ball hard, no matter if it is a high or low ball you don't know where she is going to hit it. I have played players who hits the ball hard but not like Aravane. Even if I hit the ball high she is so aggressive." Venus Williams also said "Wow, what can I say? Aravane is a very hard hitter; obviously she was brought up playing on clay courts but I can not get over how hard she hits that tennis ball. She is a player to watch out for in the future. I do have warnings to other top players: watch out for her."
See also
Muslim women in sport
References
External links
1987 births
Living people
Sportspeople from Saint-Étienne
People from Neuchâtel
French female tennis players
French expatriate sportspeople in Switzerland
French people of Iranian descent
Iranian female tennis players
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5379764
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elton%20John%20Band
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Elton John Band
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The Elton John Band is the band that backs singer, composer and pianist Elton John on both studio and live recordings. The various lineups of the band have consisted of both English and American musicians. The band is often not recognised as a formal entity, and is instead referred to simply as the Elton John Band.
The band was formed by John in 1970 and has gone through several lineup changes, but Nigel Olsson, Davey Johnstone, and Ray Cooper have been members (albeit not continuously) since 1970, 1971 and 1973 respectively. John Mahon joined the band in 1997, and Kim Bullard and Matt Bissonette joined the band in 2009 and 2012 respectively. The most commercially successful period of the band was the 1970s, which included best-selling albums including Honky Château (1972), Don't Shoot Me I'm Only the Piano Player (1973), Goodbye Yellow Brick Road (1973) and John's first Greatest Hits compilation — the latter two among the official best-selling albums worldwide.
John has performed with his band over 4,000 times since the group's formation, beginning with the Elton John 1970 World Tour and concluding with the ongoing Farewell Yellow Brick Road tour, which began in 2018 and will wrap up in 2023. John and Cooper also toured outside of the band as a duo between 1977 and 2012.
Career
The Elton John Band was formed in 1970, and was initially a trio consisting of Elton John on piano and vocals, Dee Murray on bass and Nigel Olsson on drums. Murray and Olsson first appeared together on disc with John on the song "Amoreena" from the 1970 studio album Tumbleweed Connection. The following year, they were featured on the live album 17-11-70. While they were John's constant touring bandmates, his record company initially only allowed them to play on just one track per studio album. This changed with Honky Château in 1972 when John exerted some of his skyrocketing popularity at the time to convince DJM to allow Murray and Olsson to also become full-time recording members of his band.
Davey Johnstone, who had previously played on Taupin's eponymous 1971 solo album, first appeared on disc with John and his band on the 1971 album Madman Across the Water, after which he was invited to join the Elton John Band as a full member. Johnstone's debut album with Elton John as a full-time member of his band was Honky Chateau, on which he played electric and acoustic guitars, slide guitar, banjo, and mandolin, and also sang backing vocals alongside Murray and Olsson. Ray Cooper joined the band as the percussionist in 1973, but mainly worked on and off with the band because he maintained obligations to other musicians as a session player and sideman as a road-tour percussionist. Although Cooper would not become a full-time member of the band until 2016, the arrival of him and Johnstone in the group formed the classic line-up of the band, which played on John's hit singles and albums (including the milestone albums Honky Château, Don't Shoot Me I'm Only the Piano Player, Goodbye Yellow Brick Road and Captain Fantastic and the Brown Dirt Cowboy) and went on several world tours. John's lyricist Bernie Taupin is considered an unofficial member of the band, appearing in both music videos for the 1973 non-album single "Step into Christmas", along with other promotional material.
In February 1975, the non-album single "Philadelphia Freedom" was credited to The Elton John Band, along with the single's B-side "I Saw Her Standing There" (recorded live with John Lennon at Madison Square Garden) and the band's 1974 cover of "Lucy in the Sky with Diamonds" (which also featured Lennon on backing vocals and guitar). After the release of Captain Fantastic and the Brown Dirt Cowboy, Murray and Olsson were released from the band because John wanted to achieve a different sound. He added several new musicians to the band's lineup, including Kenny Passarelli, Caleb Quaye, James Newton Howard, and Cindy Bullens, who first appeared together on disc with John on the album Rock of the Westies, but all left the band by either the late 1970s or early 1980s respectively. In 1979, John and Cooper toured Israel and the USSR as a duo, which proved successful. They also performed concerts together a total of 234 times in ten of the years between 1977 and 2012.Murray and Olsson rejoined the band in 1980, starting with 21 at 33. He and Olsson backed John during his landmark concert in New York City's Central Park before more than 400,000 fans on the Great Lawn on 13 September 1980, and appeared on The Fox in 1981. Murray went on to contribute all the bass tracks on Jump Up! in 1982, and joined Olsson and Johnstone for the Jump Up! Tour, followed by albums and tours for Too Low for Zero (1983) and Breaking Hearts (1984), and Reg Strikes Back (1988). New musicians that joined the band around this time include Richie Zito, Tim Renwick, Fred Mandel, Charlie Morgan, David Paton, Helena Springs, Jody Linscott, Jonathan Moffett, Guy Babylon. Of these new musicians, Babylon remained a member of the band for the longest amount of the time, being in the group from 1988 until his death in 2009, whereas the other members left at some point before the end of the 1980s.Murray died in 1992, having suffered a stroke after battling skin cancer for a number of years. According to Murray's obituary, that March, John and his band performed two tribute concerts at the Grand Ole Opry to raise money to support Murray's family. New musicians that joined the band in the 1990s included Bob Birch (who remained in the band until his death in 2012) and John Jorgenson (who left the band in 2000). John and his band toured with fellow pianist and musician Billy Joel in 1994, 1995, 1998, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2009, and 2010. John Mahon joined the band in 1997, and Kim Bullard and Matt Bissonette joined the band in 2009 and 2012 respectively. John, Olsson, Johnstone and Cooper are the only members left from the band's classic lineup in the early 1970s. In 2016, this lineup of the band joined John for the Wonderful Crazy Night tour, and two years later joined John for the ongoing Farewell Yellow Brick Road concert tour, which is intended to be John and his band's final tour consisting of more than 300 concerts worldwide.
By the end of the first leg of the tour on 18 March 2019, Farewell Yellow Brick Road tour had grossed over $125 million and won a Billboard Music Award in the category Top Rock Tour. The leg in Oceania became the highest-grossing tour of 2020, ending right before the tour was put on hiatus in 2020 and 2021 due to the COVID-19 pandemic. In January 2022, the tour had resumed and the dates for 2020 and 2021 were rescheduled to 2022 and 2023. It was also announced by Olsson that the members of the band would wear masks and have tests every two days during the tour. Two gigs in Dallas were postponed after John tested positive for COVID-19 and began experiencing mild symptoms from the disease. These Dallas gigs were resumed after John made a full recovery from the virus. John and his band have toured across the UK and Europe (including gigs at Liverpool and Watford) throughout 2022 and will also tour the UK and Europe for one last time in 2023, when the tour will wrap up. John has said that he will only perform in small venues after the Farewell Yellow Brick Road tour has wrapped up, with him and the band retiring from life on the road thereafter, but will still work together on studio recordings.
Members
Current members
Elton John – lead vocals, piano
Nigel Olsson – drums, backing vocals
Davey Johnstone – lead guitar, musical director, backing vocals
Ray Cooper – percussion
John Mahon – percussion, backing vocals
Kim Bullard – keyboards
Matt Bissonette – bass guitar, backing vocals
Former members
Dee Murray – bass guitar, backing vocals
Kenny Passarelli – bass guitar, backing vocals
Roger Pope – drums, percussion
Caleb Quaye – rhythm guitar, backing vocals
James Newton Howard – keyboards, backing vocals, conductor, orchestrations
Jeff Baxter – guitar
Cindy Bullens – backing vocals
Jon Joyce – backing vocals
Ken Gold – backing vocals
Jo Partridge – guitar
John "Cooker" LoPresti – bass guitar
Dennis Conway – drums
Richie Zito – lead guitar, backing vocals
Tim Renwick – rhythm guitar, backing vocals
Fred Mandel – keyboards, rhythm guitar, backing vocals
Charlie Morgan – drums
David Paton – bass guitar, vocals
Alan Carvell – backing vocals
Helena Springs – backing vocals
Shirley Lewis – backing vocals
Jody Linscott – percussion
Romeo Williams – bass guitar
Jonathan Moffett – drums
Guy Babylon – keyboards
Marlena Jeter – backing vocals
Natalie Jackson – backing vocals
Alex Brown – backing vocals
Mortonette Jenkins – backing vocals
Bob Birch – bass guitar, vocals
Mark Taylor – keyboards, rhythm guitar, backing vocals
John Jorgenson – guitars, saxophone, pedal steel, mandolin, backing vocals
Billy Trudel – backing vocals
Jack Bruno – drums
Curt Bisquera – drums
Ken Stacey – backing vocals, additional guitar
Tanya Balam – backing vocals
Táta Vega – backing vocals
Lisa Stone – backing vocals
Jean Witherspoon – backing vocals
Rose Stone – backing vocals
Luka Šulić – cello
Stjepan Hauser – cello
Timeline
Discography
References
Elton John
Musical backing groups
Musical groups established in 1969
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5379770
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Odcombe
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Odcombe
|
Odcombe is a village and civil parish in south Somerset, England, west of the town of Yeovil, with a population of 759 in 2011.
The upper part of the village, Higher Odcombe, sits on the crest of the hill, while the lower part, Lower Odcombe, is built on its northern slopes. Odcombe falls within the Yeovil Parliamentary constituency and is covered by the Non-metropolitan district of South Somerset, which was formed on 1 April 1974 under the Local Government Act 1972, having previously been part of Yeovil Rural District. There is a parish council which has responsibility for local issues.
History
The village is mentioned in the Domesday book when it was owned by Robert, Count of Mortain. After the Battle of Hastings in 1066, the Barony of Odcombe was given to Ansgar de Brito (formerly Ansgar de Montacute/Ansgar Deincourt) for valor in battle. Along with the Odcombe Barony, Ansgar de Brito acquired multiple additional holdings within Somersetshire, at which point the Count of Mortain became his overlord.
In the 1860s the village church was redeveloped, during which time the preserved shoes of Thomas Coryat were lost. The village is built predominantly out of the local hamstone still quarried on Ham Hill, two miles to the west.
The parish was part of the hundred of Houndsborough.
Religious sites
The Ham stone Church of St Peter and St Paul has 13th-century origins. In 1874 transepts were added and the church restored. It has been designated as a Grade I listed building. A headstone in yellow Jaisalmer stone lies embedded in the front lawn of the church to mark a memorial service to poet Dom Moraes (1938–2004).
Notable residents
Notable residents of the village include Humphrey Hody, a late 17th-century scholar and theologian, George Strong, a 19th-century soldier awarded the Victoria Cross in the Crimean war, the writer, Hilda Mary Hooke, and Thomas Coryat, a 17th-century traveller and writer; author of Coryat's Crudities. Coryate described his "...love of Odcombe in Somersetshire, which is so deare unto me that I preferre the very smoke thereof before the fire of all other places under the Sunne"
References
External links
Villages in South Somerset
Civil parishes in Somerset
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3988656
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Czech%20Republic%20at%20the%202006%20Winter%20Olympics
|
Czech Republic at the 2006 Winter Olympics
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The Czech Republic competed at the 2006 Winter Olympics in Turin, Italy.
Speed skater Martina Sáblíková served as flag bearer at the opening ceremonies. The medal hopes were set on ice hockey team, Jakub Janda in ski jumping, Kateřina Neumannová in cross-country skiing and on Sáblíková. As for hockey team, the bronze medal was less than most of Czech fans awaited before the olympic, and more than they hoped for after the group stage. But the strongest moment for Czech sport fans was unbelievable finish of Kateřina Neumannová in cross-country skiing, where she on the last meters of 30 km run got from the third to first position. It was her last Olympic start and it was finally a gold one, and the view of her little daughter running to her as the first to congratulate will be a lasting moment of Turin 2006.
Medalists
Alpine skiing
Men
Women
Note: In the men's combined, run 1 is the downhill, and runs 2 and 3 are the slalom. In the women's combined, run 1 and 2 are the slalom, and run 3 the downhill.
Biathlon
Men
Women
Bobsleigh
Cross-country skiing
Distance
Men
Women
Sprint
Figure skating
Key: CD = Compulsory Dance, FD = Free Dance, FS = Free Skate, OD = Original Dance, SP = Short Program
Freestyle skiing
Ice hockey
Men's tournament
Players
Results
Round-robin
Standings
Medal round
Quarterfinal
Semifinal
Bronze medal game
Luge
Nordic combined
Note: 'Deficit' refers to the amount of time behind the leader a competitor began the cross-country portion of the event. Italicized numbers show the final deficit from the winner's finishing time.
Short track speed skating
Ski jumping
Note: PQ indicates a skier was pre-qualified for the final, based on entry rankings.
Snowboarding
Halfpipe
Note: In the final, the single best score from two runs is used to determine the ranking. A bracketed score indicates a run that wasn't counted.
Parallel GS
Key: '+ Time' represents a deficit; the brackets indicate the results of each run.
Snowboard Cross
Speed skating
References
olympic.cz - Czech Olympic Committee
Nations at the 2006 Winter Olympics
2006
Winter Olympics
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3988661
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gerry%20Wall
|
Gerry Wall
|
Sir Gerard Aloysius Wall (24 January 1920 – 22 November 1992) was a surgeon and a politician in New Zealand. He was Speaker of the New Zealand House of Representatives from 1985 to 1987. He was a member of the Labour Party.
Wall was noted for his firmly held socially conservative views and opposition to legalising abortion and homosexuality, which frequently brought him into conflict with his contemporaries. Porirua Mayor John Burke said of Wall "He was a man who had the courage of his convictions – if he felt strongly about any issue it concerned him little who or how many disagreed."
Biography
Early life and career
Born in Christchurch, New Zealand, in 1920, he was the son of Edmund Wall. He was educated at St Bede's College, then Canterbury University College and the University of Otago, graduating with an MBChB. After graduation he worked as a house surgeon in Christchurch and as a general practitioner in Denniston on the West Coast.
He married Uru Raupo Cameron in 1951, a nurse from Northland. They had two sons and three daughters.
He went to Britain and qualified as a Fellow of the Royal College of Surgeons, specialising in orthopaedic and plastic surgery. On return to New Zealand he became medical superintendent of Wairau Hospital, Blenheim from 1960 until 1969.
Political career
Wall first entered politics at a local level and was a member of both the Marlborough Hospital Board and Blenheim Borough Council.
While in Blenheim, he first stood for Parliament in the against the incumbent Tom Shand of the National Party in the electorate, cutting Shand's majority from 2,111 to 732, but was unsuccessful. Soon afterwards was invited to contest the Labour nomination in the 1967 Petone by-election. As a non-resident of the Wellington area, his mentioning caused surprise, ultimately however he was not selected as the candidate. The family moved to Porirua, where he successfully contested the Porirua electorate (which neighboured Petone) in the for the Labour Party.
Wall was a member of the Catholic faith and his socially conservative views frequently led him to clash with other Labour MPs and party members. He, like Norman Kirk, was staunchly opposed abortion. At the 1972 Labour Party conference Wall chaired the health policy committee. A pro-choice remit was submitted to the committee reading "That the Labour Party when it becomes the government will give favourable consideration to liberalising the present legislation on abortion" which Wall recommended be amended to instead read "That we acknowledge the growing interest and concern to the world over the moral, medical and social problems involved in abortion. We believe that such a grave moral, medical and social issue is not one for hasty action, and that steps should be taken to establish reliably and authoritatively all relevant information and facts on abortion in New Zealand before any action is considered" which caused a notably heated debate on the conference floor. His opposition to abortion went as far as to introduce a bill aimed at closing private abortion clinics. Wall's next clash with colleagues came over the Crimes Amendment Bill 1975 which would have legalised "homosexual acts" between consenting males over 20, which he opposed. Wall went as far as to propose a two-year prison sentence for anyone telling persons under the age of 20 that homosexual behavior was normal. When the vote was held Wall (as Speaker) did not vote against the bill however.
Wall had a reputation as a "prickly character" and his inclination to follow his convictions, even when they contradicted his colleagues, cost him political advancement. Consequently, he was overlooked for a place in cabinet during both the Third and Fourth Labour Governments. He was also twice challenged for the Labour Party nomination in Porirua. In the lead up to the he was challenged for the nomination by Rosslyn Noonan, a feminist activist, in protest to his anti-abortion stance and members bill to close private abortion clinics, but was successful in defeating her challenge. In the lead up to the the Porirua Labour Electorate Committee passed a motion of no confidence in him as part of an unsuccessful attempt to de-select him as the candidate. Parliamentary colleague Mike Moore said "He [Wall] was a man of fierce and strong opinions ... he was a unique character who made great sacrifices for his principles."
He was elected as Speaker following Sir Basil Arthur's death in 1985 and served in this role until 1987. Prior to this Wall had been upset at being passed over for any responsibilities following Labour's victory and thus took to the role of speaker with enthusiasm. Colleagues thought he had a tendency to overdo his role and was too tough on opposition MPs, almost every one was ejected from the chamber at least once during his two years as speaker. As speaker he was the target of an unprecedented attack on his integrity by Sir Robert Muldoon in 1986. Muldoon issued a lengthy statement criticising how he thought Wall chaired sessions, particularly Wall's predilection for ejecting members from the house. Muldoon had previously moved a motion of no confidence in Wall (a rare occurrence) which was defeated.
A Labour Party rule necessitated his retirement after reaching 65 and he reluctantly retired at the . He was replaced in the Porirua electorate by Graham Kelly.
Later life and death
Wall retired in 1987 and was appointed a Knight Bachelor in the 1987 Queen's Birthday Honours. He died in 1992.
Notes
References
|-
1920 births
1992 deaths
New Zealand Labour Party MPs
Speakers of the New Zealand House of Representatives
Members of the New Zealand House of Representatives
Fellows of the Royal College of Surgeons
New Zealand orthopaedic surgeons
People from Christchurch
People educated at St Bede's College, Christchurch
New Zealand politicians awarded knighthoods
University of Otago alumni
New Zealand Knights Bachelor
20th-century New Zealand medical doctors
Unsuccessful candidates in the 1966 New Zealand general election
New Zealand MPs for North Island electorates
Local political office-holders in New Zealand
20th-century surgeons
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3988675
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wu%20Xianghu
|
Wu Xianghu
|
Wu Xianghu (吴湘湖; c. 1964 – February 2, 2006) was a Chinese journalist who became the editor of the Taizhou Evening News or Taizhou Wanbao before being severely beaten by traffic police in 2005. This led to his death in February 2006.
On October 19, 2005, Xianghu published an article critical of local traffic police over what he claimed was exorbitant electric bicycle fees. Dozens of local police raided the office of the newspaper where they assaulted Xianghu after he failed to apologise for the article. Senior police officer Li Xiaoguo was sacked at the time for his role in the incident according to Chinese media.
The watchdog group Committee to Protect Journalists reported that Xianghu died of liver and kidney failure. The Committee has claimed that Chinese media failed to report his death despite reporting on the incident in October 2005.
As of February 2005, no-one had been charged in connection with the assault on Xianghu.
References
"Journalist dies amid continuing crackdown on the press" - IFEX, 7 February 2006
"Traffic Police Chief storms newspaper office after critical report published" Press Interpreter translation, 21 October 2005, retrieved 7 February 2006
"China editor dies after beating by traffic police group" Reuters UK
1964 births
2006 deaths
Deaths from kidney failure
Assassinated Chinese journalists
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3988688
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joe%20%22Pegleg%22%20Morgan
|
Joe "Pegleg" Morgan
|
Joseph Morgan (born Joseph Međugorac; April 10, 1929 – November 8, 1993) was the first non-Hispanic member of the Mexican Mafia. He received the nickname "Pegleg" by authorities because of his prosthetic leg.
Early life
The youngest of four siblings, Morgan was born on April 10, 1929 in San Pedro, California to Croatian immigrants Clara (née Radišić from Imotski) and Grgo Međugorac, a truck driver who was an ethnic Croat from Ljubuski. Shortly after his birth his father naturalized as a U.S. citizen, anglicizing the family name to Morgan due to anti-immigrant and anti-Slavic sentiment at the time (in 1929, the same year Morgan was born, the U.S. passed immigration laws limiting immigration from the Balkans. It’s believed that more than half of the Croatian population in the U.S. at the time was deported from the nation). Morgan grew up in a primarily Mexican and Croatian neighborhood in San Pedro. Later, he was raised by his mother in a Mexican neighborhood in Boyle Heights. In the late 1930s, he joined the Ford MaraVilla street gang, one of the oldest documented gangs in Los Angeles.
Prison time
In 1946, Morgan beat to death the husband of his 32-year-old girlfriend and buried the body in a shallow grave. While awaiting trial, he escaped using the identification papers of a fellow inmate awaiting transfer to a forestry camp. He was recaptured and sentenced to nine years at San Quentin State Prison. He was only seventeen years old at the time.
Morgan was paroled in 1955, but a year later, he returned to prison for an armed robbery at a West Covina bank where he ran off with $17,000 ().
In 1961, Morgan led eleven inmates in a jailbreak from Los Angeles County Jail through a pipe shaft and using hacksaw blades he hid in his prosthetic leg.
Morgan was well respected within the ranks of the Mexican Mafia and became a high-ranking member. His connections with cocaine and heroin suppliers in Mexico helped pave the foundation for the Mexican Mafia's narcotics distribution throughout California. Morgan was able to persuade the Aryan Brotherhood to forge a loose alliance with La Eme, due to having the Black Guerrilla Family as a mutual rival. This was after Morgan tried (and successfully) made loose alliances with black gangs such as the BGF, which eventually broke down because the Mexican leaders at the time had issues with multiple black gangs. It was thought that Morgan wanted to set deals with white and black gangs to ensure La Eme would come out the dominant force with little resistance. This was a characteristic Morgan was known for, being very political and strategic.
Allegedly, Morgan made diplomatic relations with the Los Angeles crime family through Michael Rizzitello, whom he and Rodolfo Cadena met during the nine-year sentence of the reputed mobster in Chino for a string of armed robberies during the 1970s.
Morgan committed the first prison gang street execution in Los Angeles in 1971.
It is believed that Morgan offered Croatian political refugees, such as Andrija Artuković, protection from Yugoslav agents in the nation. Los Angeles was one of the few cities Croatians could openly oppose the communist government without any of the local leadership being murdered like in Chicago and New York City. It's believed Morgan used his gang ties to intimidate or even murder state agents sent to kill their political rivals. It's even been suggested that Morgan had family ties to Artuković as both he and Morgan's father came from the village of Klobuk in Ljubuški, Bosnia.
Morgan allegedly spent more than seven months in federal prison for arms trafficking from Utah to California. By the mid to late 1970s Morgan was one of the highest ranking Mexican Mafia members in Southern California, and had reach in most of the U.S and even as far as Mexico.
Death
On October 27, 1993, Morgan was diagnosed with inoperable liver cancer while serving a life sentence at California State Prison, Corcoran. His wife requested that he be released on compassionate release, but he died on November 9, before the process began. "When I visited him about six months ago, he appeared to be losing some weight and his color didn't look good, but Joe is a very private person and he didn't complain", said his attorney, Shirley MacDonald, after his death.
American Me
In 1992, the film American Me was released, which was based on the history of the Mexican Mafia. A principal supporting character is "J.D." (played by William Forsythe), a non-Mexican member who has an artificial leg. Edward James Olmos (the movie's writer/director/star) attempted to visit Morgan in hopes that he would gain his love and approval for the movie. Morgan refused to see him, and filed a lawsuit against Olmos and Universal Studios alleging inaccuracies in the film. It has been alleged that at least two people were killed on account of Mexican Mafia displeasure with the script, including former Mexican Mafia members and affiliates who had served as advisers during the making of the movie.
At the time of Morgan's death, his wife filed a $500,000 lawsuit against Olmos and the filmmakers, claiming the film did not request her permission for basing one of the characters on Morgan.
References
External links
1929 births
1993 deaths
American bank robbers
American escapees
American crime bosses
American people convicted of murder
American people of Croatian descent
American people who died in prison custody
Gangsters from Los Angeles
Deaths from cancer in California
Deaths from liver cancer
Fugitives
Mexican Mafia
Prisoners who died in California detention
People from San Pedro, Los Angeles
People from Boyle Heights, Los Angeles
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3988692
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Useful%20conversions%20and%20formulas%20for%20air%20dispersion%20modeling
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Useful conversions and formulas for air dispersion modeling
|
Various governmental agencies involved with environmental protection and with occupational safety and health have promulgated regulations limiting the allowable concentrations of gaseous pollutants in the ambient air or in emissions to the ambient air. Such regulations involve a number of different expressions of concentration. Some express the concentrations as ppmv and some express the concentrations as mg/m3, while others require adjusting or correcting the concentrations to reference conditions of moisture content, oxygen content or carbon dioxide content. This article presents a set of useful conversions and formulas for air dispersion modeling of atmospheric pollutants and for complying with the various regulations as to how to express the concentrations obtained by such modeling.
Converting air pollutant concentrations
The conversion equations depend on the temperature at which the conversion is wanted (usually about 20 to 25 degrees Celsius). At an ambient air pressure of 1 atmosphere (101.325 kPa), the general equation is:
and for the reverse conversion:
Notes:
Pollution regulations in the United States typically reference their pollutant limits to an ambient temperature of 20 to 25 °C as noted above. In most other nations, the reference ambient temperature for pollutant limits may be 0 °C or other values.
1 percent by volume = 10,000 ppmv (i.e., parts per million by volume).
atm = absolute atmospheric pressure in atmospheres
mol = gram mole
Correcting concentrations for altitude
Atmospheric pollutant concentrations expressed as mass per unit volume of atmospheric air (e.g., mg/m3, µg/m3, etc.) at sea level will decrease with increasing altitude because the atmospheric pressure decreases with increasing altitude.
The change of atmospheric pressure with altitude can be obtained from this equation:
Given an atmospheric pollutant concentration at an atmospheric pressure of 1 atmosphere (i.e., at sea level altitude), the concentration at other altitudes can be obtained from this equation:
As an example, given a concentration of 260 mg/m3 at sea level, calculate the equivalent concentration at an altitude of 1,800 meters:
Ca = 260 × 0.9877 18 = 208 mg/m3 at 1,800 meters altitude
Standard conditions for gas volumes
A normal cubic meter (Nm3 ) is the metric expression of gas volume at standard conditions and it is usually (but not always) defined as being measured at 0 °C and 1 atmosphere of pressure.
A standard cubic foot (scf) is the USA expression of gas volume at standard conditions and it is often (but not always) defined as being measured at 60 °F and 1 atmosphere of pressure. There are other definitions of standard gas conditions used in the USA besides 60 °F and 1 atmosphere.
That being understood:
1 Nm3 of any gas (measured at 0 °C and 1 atmosphere of absolute pressure) equals 37.326 scf of that gas (measured at 60 °F and 1 atmosphere of absolute pressure).
1 kmol of any ideal gas equals 22.414 Nm3 of that gas at 0 °C and 1 atmosphere of absolute pressure ... and 1 lbmol of any ideal gas equals 379.482 scf of that gas at 60 °F and 1 atmosphere of absolute pressure.
Notes:
kmol = kilomole or kilogram mole
lbmol = pound mole
Windspeed conversion factors
Meteorological data includes windspeeds which may be expressed as statute miles per hour, knots, or meters per second. Here are the conversion factors for those various expressions of windspeed:
1 m/s = 2.237 statute mile/h = 1.944 knots
1 knot = 1.151 statute mile/h = 0.514 m/s
1 statute mile/h = 0.869 knots = 0.447 m/s
Note:
1 statute mile = 5,280 feet = 1,609 meters
Correcting for reference conditions
Many environmental protection agencies have issued regulations that limit the concentration of pollutants in gaseous emissions and define the reference conditions applicable to those concentration limits. For example, such a regulation might limit the concentration of NOx to 55 ppmv in a dry combustion exhaust gas corrected to 3 volume percent O2. As another example, a regulation might limit the concentration of particulate matter to 0.1 grain per standard cubic foot (i.e., scf) of dry exhaust gas corrected to 12 volume percent CO2.
Environmental agencies in the USA often denote a standard cubic foot of dry gas as "dscf" or as "scfd". Likewise, a standard cubic meter of dry gas is often denoted as "dscm" or "scmd" (again, by environmental agencies in the USA).
Correcting to a dry basis
If a gaseous emission sample is analyzed and found to contain water vapor and a pollutant concentration of say 40 ppmv, then 40 ppmv should be designated as the "wet basis" pollutant concentration. The following equation can be used to correct the measured "wet basis" concentration to a "dry basis" concentration:
Thus, a wet basis concentration of 40 ppmv in a gas having 10 volume percent water vapor would have a dry basis concentration = 40 ÷ ( 1 - 0.10 ) = 44.44 ppmv.
Correcting to a reference oxygen content
The following equation can be used to correct a measured pollutant concentration in an emitted gas (containing a measured O2 content) to an equivalent pollutant concentration in an emitted gas containing a specified reference amount of O2:
Thus, a measured concentration of 45 ppmv (dry basis) in a gas having 5 volume % O2 is
45 × ( 20.9 - 3 ) ÷ ( 20.9 - 5 ) = 50.7 ppmv (dry basis) of when corrected to a gas having a specified reference O2 content of 3 volume %.
Correcting to a reference carbon dioxide content
The following equation can be used to correct a measured pollutant concentration in an emitted gas (containing a measured CO2 content) to an equivalent pollutant concentration in an emitted gas containing a specified reference amount of CO2:
Thus, a measured particulates concentration of 0.1 grain per dscf in a gas that has 8 volume % CO2 is
0.1 × ( 12 ÷ 8 ) = 0.15 grain per dscf when corrected to a gas having a specified reference CO2 content of 12 volume %.
Notes:
Although ppmv and grains per dscf have been used in the above examples, concentrations such as ppbv (i.e., parts per billion by volume), volume percent, grams per dscm and many others may also be used.
1 percent by volume = 10,000 ppmv (i.e., parts per million by volume).
Care must be taken with the concentrations expressed as ppbv to differentiate between the British billion which is 1012 and the USA billion which is 109.
See also
Standard conditions of temperature and pressure
Units conversion by factor-label
Atmospheric dispersion modeling
Roadway air dispersion modeling
Bibliography of atmospheric dispersion modeling
Accidental release source terms
Choked flow
References
External links
More conversions and formulas useful in air dispersion modeling are available in the feature articles at www.air-dispersion.com.
U.S. EPA tutorial course has very useful information.
Atmospheric dispersion modeling
Air pollution
Environmental engineering
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3988701
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Margaret%20Wright%20%28American%20politician%29
|
Margaret Wright (American politician)
|
Margaret Wright (c. 1922/1923 — May 11, 1996) was a third-party candidate for President of the United States and a community activist in Los Angeles, California.
Wright was a shipyard worker during World War II, and one of the principals of the film The Life and Times of Rosie the Riveter. In the 1976 United States presidential election, Wright represented the People's Party, and her running mate was Benjamin Spock, who had been their presidential candidate in 1972. Their ticket was also endorsed by the Peace and Freedom Party. Bumper stickers advertised her as a "Socialist for President." The ticket received 49,016 votes (0.06%). Wright was also a founder and activist of Women against Racism in the Watts section of Los Angeles.
References
1920s births
1996 deaths
Year of birth uncertain
Candidates in the 1976 United States presidential election
20th-century American politicians
Female candidates for President of the United States
African-American candidates for President of the United States
People's Party (United States, 1971) politicians
20th-century American women politicians
American anti-racism activists
20th-century African-American women
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3988708
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arrhenotoky
|
Arrhenotoky
|
Arrhenotoky (from Greek -τόκος -tókos "birth of -" + ἄρρην árrhēn "male person"), also known as arrhenotokous parthenogenesis, is a form of parthenogenesis in which unfertilized eggs develop into males. In most cases, parthenogenesis produces exclusively female offspring, hence the distinction.
The set of processes included under the term arrhenotoky depends on the author: arrhenotoky may be restricted to the production of males that are haploid (haplodiploidy); may include diploid males that permanently inactivate one set of chromosomes (parahaploidy); or may be used to cover all cases of males being produced by parthenogenesis (including such cases as aphids, where the males are XO diploids). The form of parthenogenesis in which females develop from unfertilized eggs is known as thelytoky; when both males and females develop from unfertilized eggs, the term "deuterotoky" is used.
In the most commonly used sense of the term, arrhenotoky is synonymous with haploid arrhenotoky or haplodiploidy: the production of haploid males from unfertilized eggs in insects having a haplodiploid sex-determination system. Males are produced parthenogenetically, while diploid females are usually produced biparentally from fertilized eggs. In a similar phenomenon, parthenogenetic diploid eggs develop into males by converting one set of their chromosomes to heterochromatin, thereby inactivating those chromosomes. This is referred to as diploid arrhenotoky or parahaploidy.
Arrhenotoky occurs in members of the insect order Hymenoptera (bees, ants, and wasps) and the Thysanoptera (thrips). The system also occurs sporadically in some spider mites, Hemiptera, Coleoptera (bark beetles), and rotifers.
See also
Apomixis
Genomic imprinting
Pseudo-arrhenotoky
Thelytoky
Notes
References
Reproduction in animals
Asexual reproduction
Sex-determination systems
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3988741
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keep%20Them%20Confused
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Keep Them Confused
|
Keep Them Confused the seventh studio album by punk rock band No Use for a Name, released on June 14, 2005, via Fat Wreck Chords. A video for "For Fiona", a track about lead singer Tony Sly's daughter, has been released on the aforementioned record label.
Release
On March 3, 2005, Keep Them Confused was announced for release in three months' time. No Use for a Name initially planned to tour Europe in April and May 2005 as part of the Deconstruction Tour, thought they later pulled out of the trek and were replaced by Mad Caddies. On May 5, 2005, the album's artwork and track listing was posted online. The Black Box EP was released on May 17, 2005, and included "Check for a Pulse", "History Defeats" and "Dream Police". "For Fiona" was posted online on May 20, 2005; a music video was released online for the track on June 7, 2005. Keep Them Confused was released on June 14, 2005 through Fat Wreck Chords; that month, the band embarked on a tour of Canada with Bigwig and the Reason, which included an appearance at Exo Fest. On the same day as the album, "For Fiona" was released to radio.
In August and September 2005, the band went on a tour of Europe with support from Useless ID. In October and November 2005, they toured Australia, which was followed by treks to New Zealand and Japan. They opened 2006 supporting Pennywise on their headlining month-long West Coast US tour. Following this, the band toured the rest of the US with the Suicide Machines and I Am the Avalanche until early March 2006. Shows continued for the rest of the month with Rufio replacing the Suicide Machines. No Use for a Name returned to Europe in April and May 2006 alongside the Lawrence Arms, which included an appearance at the Groezrock festival. Following this, they embarked on a short tour of Canada, appeared at Wakestock, and went on a short tour of Japan with I Am the Avalanche.
Track listing
All songs written by Tony Sly.
"Part Two" – 3:35
"There Will Be Revenge" – 2:42
"For Fiona" – 2:41
"Check for a Pulse" – 2:36
"Divine Let Down" – 1:41
"Black Box" – 2:50
"Bullets" – 2:27
"Failing is Easier (Part Three)" – 0:41
"Apparition" – 3:18
"It's Tragic" – 3:24
"Killing Time" – 2:58
"Slowly Fading Fast" – 3:10
"Overdue" – 3:14
Inside group photo by Bryan K. Wynacht
Personnel
Tony Sly – vocals, guitar
Dave Nassie – guitar
Matt Riddle – bass
Rory Koff – drums
References
No Use for a Name albums
2005 albums
Fat Wreck Chords albums
Albums produced by Ryan Greene
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3988765
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marcus%20Reichert
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Marcus Reichert
|
Marcus Reichert (19 June 1948 - 19 January 2022) was an American painter, poet, author, photographer, and film writer/director.
He was given his first exhibition of paintings at the age of twenty-one at the Gotham Book Mart and Art Gallery, New York,. In 1990, he was honored with a retrospective organised by the Hatton Gallery of the University of Newcastle upon Tyne which toured in various forms to Glasgow, London, Paris, and the United States. His Crucifixion paintings have been described by Richard Harries, the Bishop of Oxford, as being among the most disturbing painted in the 20th Century, while the American critic Donald Kuspit has written that both Picasso's and Bacon's pale in comparison. Reichert's neo-noir film Union City, which premiered at the 1980 Cannes Film Festival, was described by Lawrence O'Toole, film critic for Time magazine, as "an unqualified masterpiece." Union City is held in the Film Archive of the Museum of Modern Art, New York, and his complete film works and his poetry and prose comprise the Marcus Reichert Archive at the Bibliothèque nationale de France, Paris.
Painting
From 'Mirages, Transformations, Miracles: Marcus Reichert's Paintings' by Donald Kuspit
Figure or object, face or flower, body or vase, Marcus Reichert's images seem to exist somewhere in the limbo between hallucination and perception. In a hallucination, there's no external object to be observed, however much something seems sensed and present; in a perception, there is such an object, experienced as a “hard fact,” indisputably separate from oneself. There are two kinds of hallucination, the French psychiatrist Jules Baillarger tells us, one psychosensorial, involving the combined action of the imagination and some sense organ, the other psychic, entirely a product of the imagination, with no sensory stimulus. Reichert's hallucinations are of the first kind: his eye is stimulated by the perception of some object external to him, which is then imaginatively transformed into a painted image, producing what Baudelaire famously called a “sensation of the new,” the sort of sensation, as he also said, that a child might have when it saw something for the first time, spontaneously and without preconceptions. The resulting lived experience, as some philosophers would call it, or existential encounter, as others call it, seems miraculous—a sort of miraculous revelation, in which the thing intensely lived seems fresh and wonderful, because one has invested one's own freshness and wonder in it. It is this sense of hallucinatory freshness, combined with a sense that the marvelous is always convulsive, as Breton wrote at the end of Nadja, his account of his relations with a madwoman he met, that we experience in Reichert's paintings. Some are colorful and bright—startlingly luminous, for example in Orange Blossoms, 2008, with its dazzling sky-blue field; others somewhat dark and morbid, which many of the vessel paintings are. The vessel contains the “spirits of the dead,” Reichert writes, suggesting that it is an urn, even when it contains flame-like flowers, suggesting that the dead may be powerful genies ready to escape from it, bringing life with them. Death and resurrection seem a subtheme of Reichert's art, adding to their imaginative aura. The imaginative unconscious, which re-conceives one's perceptions according to “the deepest laws of the soul,” to allude to Baudelaire's classical definition, is clearly hyperactive in Reichert's art...
Whether resolved or unresolved, the contradictions that inform Reichert's art give it an absurd vitality. Indeed, there is an air of “immediate absurdity” to Reichert's works, a sign of surreality – the fusion of dream and reality – as Breton said. Sometimes it has a satirical, caricaturing, ridiculing edge, adding to the sense of disharmony said to be characteristic of modern beauty, as distinct from the harmony of traditional beauty. It always involves what modern philosopher-psychologists call absurdism, involving the sense of isolation that comes with the feeling of living in an irrational world in which one must create one's own reason for being. It is a shaky, groundless world in which catastrophe, personal and social, seems imminent – a godless world in which there is no net to catch one after one falls from grace. The sense of gracelessness become peculiarly graceful pervades Reichert's eccentric lines and forms, adding to the feeling of absurdity that informs Reichert's works. But however one might categorize them stylistically and expressively, what strikes me as particularly meaningful is their uncanny abstractness, self-evident in the Mechanics of the Universe, 2012, subtly evident in the figural works, be the figure a naked body, as in the wraith-like Yellow Nude, 2002, or a vessel, which has a body of its own, and is a symbol of the human body at its most intact. The philosopher Alfred North Whitehead said that abstraction is a “process of emphasis, and emphasis vivifies life,” which is certainly what Reichert's art does. More pointedly, he said that it is “a stripping bare…in order to intensify,” and Reichert's paintings are certainly intense. The Jungian psychoanalyst Anthony Storr argues that one tends to get more pithy as one gets older – wisely reflect on essences, rather than continue to futilely suffer—and the Mechanics of the Universe seem particularly pithy, suggesting that Reichert's art has gotten more essentialist and less existentialist as he has aged. Epitomizing the abstract mechanics of the universe he in effect epitomizes himself in the eternal abstract terms to which all too human existence can be reduced...
But I happen to be particularly fond of certain existentially inclined works, perhaps most of all Statues, 2012, a late work which epitomizes the war of the sexes, with a certain frank brutality, and Woman with Green Hair, also 2012, which epitomizes the femme fatale, and echoes Matisse's fauvist Woman with the Hat and Portrait of Mme Matisse/The Green Line, 1905, painted more than a century earlier. Scandalously audacious, the former because it was painted with “seemingly wild abandon,” the latter because of its face, which resembled a “primitive mask,” as art historians have noted, both were among the visually violent – some say barbaric – works that inaugurated modernism. Reichert's paintings show that traumatizing audacity can still make a strong psychoaesthetic point.
Films
Filmography
Selected films of Marcus Reichert:
2004 SUNDAY EVENING, photography, design, and direction by Marcus Reichert for high definition surround sound music DVD; Lazy Curtis, Final Touch Productions Ltd., London (Executive Producer: Chris Smith)
1998 THE SEAWALL MURAL, design and direction by Marcus Reichert for public works fine art project; The Renaissance Project, Thanet Arts Development Office (Advisors: Christina McQuaid, Sam Thomas)
1991 PEOPLE, production design and direction for music video by Marcus Reichert; The Cutaways, Ragin’ Records, Iris Sound / Metropolis Film Studios, Philadelphia (Producer: David Ivory) - MTV Selection
1980 UNION CITY, written and directed by Marcus Reichert; The Tuxedo Company Inc., New York (Producers: Graham Belin, Monty Montgomery, Ron Mutz); owned by Marcus Reichert & Co. and The Museum of Modern Art, New York
1978 WINGS OF ASH (A Dramatization of the Life of Antonin Artaud), pilot for feature film, written and directed by Marcus Reichert; Silver Screen Productions Inc., New York and Mick Jagger, London (Producers: Monty Montgomery, Marcus Reichert)Available for private viewing: Marcus Reichert Archive, the Bibliothèque nationale de France, Paris.
1977 LE GRAND SILENCE, written, produced, and directed by Marcus Reichert; Silver Screen Productions Inc., New York
1968 SILENT SONATA, written and directed by Marcus Reichert and Akira Arita; Rhode Island School of Design
Photography
Monographs (photography)
Gooding, Mel (2003). Reichert: The Human Edifice. London: Artmedia Press. . 100 colour photographs from 30 years of the artist's work.
Reichert, Marcus (2011). Portrait of the Artist's Wife: Photographs 1966/2011. London: Ziggurat Books. .
Writing
Books about or by Marcus Reichert:
Verdon Angster: A Novel BurnhillWolf Books, Lenoir, North Carolina, U.S. .
The Miracle of Fontana’s Monkey: A Novel BurnhillWolf Books, Lenoir, North Carolina. .
Hoboken: A Novel Ziggurat Books International, London & Paris. .
Marcus Reichert: Selected Works 1958-1989, Preface by Dr. John Milner, Introduction by Dr. Louise A. DeSalvo. Hatton Gallery, University of Newcastle, U.K.
Diary of a Seducer, Drawings 1970-71 by Marcus Reichert, Poetry by D.A. Blyler. A Gallery Americas Book, Carrboro, North Carolina, U.S.
Displaced Person: Poetry, Pornography & Politics, Introduction by Simon Lane. Ziggurat Books, London. The book features selected writing from 1970 to 2005, including Reichert's controversial political articles for the internet, confessional poetry, and excerpts from his three novels. .
Art & Ego: Marcus Reichert in Conversation with Edward Rozzo Introduction by Simon Lane. Ziggurat Books, London. .
Les Fleurs: The Studies. Images by Marcus Reichert, Introduction by Adam Adelson. Ziggurat Books International, London & Paris, 2013. .
Tableaux: Paintings 2002-2012 by Marcus Reichert, Preface by Adam Adelson, Introduction by Donald Kuspit. Ziggurat Books International, London & Paris, 2015. .
Mortal, prose and poetry by Marcus Reichert and Donald Kuspit, Ziggurat Books, London, 2016 .
Disillusion, paintings by Marcus Reichert and poetry by Donald Kuspit, Ziggurat Books, London, 2018 (limited edition) .
Death
Marcus Reichert died on January 19, 2022, in Nimes, France.
References
External links
On Cinema's First Neo Noir, Marcus Reichert's Union City, Union City by Priyesh Patel, Coeval Magazine
A Review of the collection of poems Confessions by Marcus Reichert, Metamorphic Winters: A review of Confessions by Marcus Reichert by Serena M. Wilcox, Crow Reviews | Powered by Mantra & WordPress
Marcus Reichert: Director, Screenwriter, Production Designer, Actor, Producer, Film Images and Details, Mubi
Gallery of Paintings by Marcus Reichert, France, Hot & Cool Art, State Media, London
Article on Marcus Reichert, Final Residues of the Image: On Marcus Reichert
by Stephen Barber, Vertigo Volume 3 | Issue 7 | Autumn 2007
Archives de Marcus Reichert, Le Jugement de Paris 2015 par Marcus Reichert, Une œuvre autobiographique : une série d’images de montage qui créent une histoire visuelle dans l’abstrait, l'Œil de la Photographie
Interview with Marcus Reichert, Marcus Reichert : Quand Jagger incarnait Artaud par Mathias Daval, I/O Gazette
Marcus Reichert Archive, Bibliothèque nationale de France, Département de l'Audiovisuel, Paris
BnF archives et manuscrits
Interview with Marcus Reichert, by Richard Marshall, 3:AM Magazine
Press release for Displaced Person and Union City on the Official Blondie Web Site, includes images and additional information
Marcus Reichert's Obituary
1948 births
2022 deaths
20th-century American painters
American male painters
21st-century American painters
21st-century American male artists
American photographers
People from Islip (town), New York
American male poets
Artists from New York (state)
Film directors from New York (state)
Writers from New York (state)
Rhode Island School of Design alumni
20th-century American male artists
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3988772
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graham%20Freudenberg
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Graham Freudenberg
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Norman Graham Freudenberg (; 12 May 1934 – 26 July 2019) was an Australian author and political speechwriter who worked with the Australian Labor Party for over forty years, beginning when he was appointed Arthur Calwell's press secretary in June 1961.
Early life
Freudenberg was born in Brisbane. His father was a soldier who fought at Gallipoli and, being a patriot, he named his son after a former colonial Governor of Queensland, Field Marshall Sir Henry Norman. Freudenberg was educated at the Church of England Grammar School in Brisbane. He then studied journalism in Melbourne and worked for some years with the Melbourne Sun.
Career
Freudenberg wrote over a thousand speeches for several leaders of the Australian Labor Party at both the New South Wales state and federal level. Senior Labor Party leaders for whom he prepared speeches included Arthur Calwell, Gough Whitlam, Neville Wran, Bob Hawke, Barrie Unsworth, Bob Carr and Simon Crean. He was "centrally involved" in policy speeches for fourteen federal elections and nine New South Wales state elections. Freudenberg was principal speechwriter for the leading campaign "It's Time" speech that Labor leader Gough Whitlam presented at the launch of the Labor campaign for the 1972 Australian federal election.
In 1990 he was appointed a Member of the Order of Australia (AM) in recognition of "services to journalism, to parliament, and to politics".
From 1995–1998 he served on the council of the National Library of Australia.
In June 2005, Freudenberg was inducted as a lifetime member of the Australian Labor Party (New South Wales Branch).
He won the 2009 Walkley Book Award for Churchill and Australia.
Death
He lived in retirement on Bribie Island, Queensland. Freudenberg died on 26 July 2019, aged 85, after a long illness. In a tribute to Freudenberg after his death, one of his journalist colleagues, Eric Walsh, described him as "Australia's greatest political speechwriter". Other colleagues who remembered Freudenberg in personal tributes included Carol Summerhayes and Bob Carr.
Books by Freudenberg
A Certain Grandeur – Gough Whitlam in Politics (1977)
Cause for Power – the Centenary History of the NSW Labor Party (1991)
A Figure of Speech (2005) (autobiography)
Churchill and Australia (2008)
References
External links
Whitlam Institute
1934 births
2019 deaths
20th-century Australian journalists
Australian biographers
Male biographers
Gough Whitlam
Speechwriters
Members of the Order of Australia
People educated at Anglican Church Grammar School
Writers from Brisbane
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3988774
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ChargeBox
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ChargeBox
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A ChargeBox is a charging kiosk for devices such as mobile phones, PDAs, iPods, PSPs, and other small, mobile electronics. They can be situated in locations between the home and the office, with securable lockers, so devices can be safely charged at the owner’s convenience. Other vending machines that are also capable of performing this function are operated by Photo-Me International. In Germany, a ChargeBox has the same purpose but is free to use, as it is financed by the integrated advertising space. They were introduced in 2005.
Usage
ChargeBoxes allow the users of mobile devices to recharge them while away from home or the office. A YouGov survey conducted in June 2006 found that 61% of under-30-year-olds had run out of battery power on their mobiles while out and about within the previous month. Also, 48% of under-30-year-olds said that they had been in situations when they had wanted to use the features on their phones, but had refrained from doing so for fear of running out of battery power.
Locations
The first machines have been sited at locations such as easyInternetcafes, Aurora Hotels, Holiday Inns, Novotel, RoadChef, Tower 42, Vodafone stores, the Carphone Warehouse and various airports. About one hundred ChargeBoxes are installed in the UK in total.
In September 2006, ChargeBox began to launch the product in countries beyond the United Kingdom.
See also
Charging station
References
External links
Chargebox.com
Chargebox.de
WTF Gadgets
Vending machines
Vending
Charging stations
2005 introductions
2005 establishments in the United Kingdom
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3988777
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bochner%27s%20formula
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Bochner's formula
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In mathematics, Bochner's formula is a statement relating harmonic functions on a Riemannian manifold to the Ricci curvature. The formula is named after the American mathematician Salomon Bochner.
Formal statement
If is a smooth function, then
,
where is the gradient of with respect to , is the Hessian of with respect to and is the Ricci curvature tensor. If is harmonic (i.e., , where is the Laplacian with respect to the metric ), Bochner's formula becomes
.
Bochner used this formula to prove the Bochner vanishing theorem.
As a corollary, if is a Riemannian manifold without boundary and is a smooth, compactly supported function, then
.
This immediately follows from the first identity, observing that the integral of the left-hand side vanishes (by the divergence theorem) and integrating by parts the first term on the right-hand side.
Variations and generalizations
Bochner identity
Weitzenböck identity
References
Differential geometry
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3988792
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Titan%20Magazines
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Titan Magazines
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Titan Magazines is the magazine-publishing division of Titan Publishing Group. Titan Magazines' publishing director was Chris Teather.
History
Titan Magazines launched in 1995 with Star Trek Magazine with John Freeman as first editor, although it had previously published several one shot film tie-in titles. Since then it has published many film, TV and comics titles, including poster magazines for Tim Burton's Batman.
Some of Titan's magazines are published in the US, although not all, some with an entirely separate magazine.
In April 2016, Bleeding Cool published a blog/vlog entry pertaining to concerns over Titan's UK reprints of DC titles, specifically cancellations and a lack of updates and communication with readers, as well as addressing the frequent inconsistencies regarding the publication dates of future issues.
Despite numerous complaints, some of Titan's DC titles continue to be plagued with errors. DC Universe #3.9 (featuring Justice League) appeared on shelves on 9 May 2018, with the next issue being erroneously advertised as coming out as early as 10 May 2018.
Titan ceased publication of all their DC Comics titles in December 2018, most notably ending a fifteen-year run for 'Batman Legends'. This also led to WHSmith no longer stocking Titan's other titles.
Titles
DC Comics Titles
Batman Legends (late retitled 'Batman')
DC Universe Presents (previously titled 'Superman Legends' and later used the cover titles 'Justice League' and 'Justice League Trinity')ArrowBatman: Arkham (replaced with Batman: Gotham Central)Batman/Superman'
Batman: The Brave and the Bold (comics)
Batman: The Dark Knight (replaced with Batman: Arkham)
Batman: Gotham Central
DC Super Friends
DC Universe Presents Batman Superman
The Flash
Justice League Legends
Superman (replaced with Batman/Superman)
Green Arrow (2 issues, 2016)
DC Comics Showcase: Supergirl (3 issues, 2016)
DC Comics Showcase: Harley Quinn
DC Legends: Suicide Squad
DC Legends: Wonder Woman
Other Comics
Current:
Adventure Time
Blade Runner
Doctor Who Comic
Doctor Who: Tales from the TARDIS
Rick and Morty
Simpsons Comics
Man: Plus
Minions Comic
Simpsons Comics Presents
Tank Girl (digital only)
Cancelled:
CLiNT
Completely... (different theme each issue)
Futurama Comics (2002–2013, 67 issues)
Gogo's Crazy Bones Comic
Indiana Jones Comic (2007)
Torchwood Comic
Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles Comic
Terminator Salvation Comic (2009, 4 Issues)
Totally... (different theme each issue)
Transformers Comic UK (2007–2014, 5 volumes)
Transformers Animated (2009, 3 Issues)
The Troop (2015–2016, 5 issues)
Shaun the Sheep Comic
SpongeBob SquarePants Comic
Star Wars (UK comics) (1999-2014, 7 volumes)
Star Wars Galaxy (2010-2012, 24 issues)
Wallace and Gromit Comic
WWE Heroes Comic
Magazines
Current:
Star Trek Magazine
Star Wars Insider
Souvenir One Shots (different theme each issue, usually TV show tie-ins)
Past:
24
Alias
Angel Magazine
The Official Babylon 5 Magazine
Battlestar Galactica
Buffy the Vampire Slayer Magazine
Charmed Magazine
CSI
Dreamwatch (General Sci-Fi Entertainment Title)
Farscape Magazine (12 issues, April/May 2001 – April/May 2003)
Heroes Magazine
Indiana Jones Magazine
Lost: The Official Magazine
Manga Max (formerly Manga Mania)
Prison Break Magazine
RAF Magazine
Smallville Magazine
Space: Above and Beyond Magazine (4 Issues; 1997)
Stargate Magazine
Supernatural Magazine (Contract expired, may or may not be continuing publishing)
Torchwood Magazine
Xena Magazine
The X-Files
The Walking Dead Magazine
References
External links
Titan Magazines US official site
Titan Magazines UK official site
Titan Books official site
Titan Magazines official YouTube channel
Mass media companies based in London
1995 establishments in the United Kingdom
Publishing companies established in 1995
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3988805
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christian%20Louis%20Casimir%2C%202nd%20Count%20of%20Sayn-Wittgenstein-Ludwigsburg-Berleburg
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Christian Louis Casimir, 2nd Count of Sayn-Wittgenstein-Ludwigsburg-Berleburg
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Christian Louis Casimir, 2nd Count of Sayn-Wittgenstein-Berleburg-Ludwigsburg () (13 July 1725, Berleburg – 6 May 1797, Rheda) was a reigning Count of Sayn-Wittgenstein-Berleburg-Ludwigsburg line of Sayn-Wittgenstein family from 1750 to 1796.
Early life
He was a son of Count Ludwig Franz of Sayn-Wittgenstein-Berleburg (a descendant of Ludwig I, Count of Sayn-Wittgenstein, through his son Count George II) and his wife Countess Helene Emilie zu Solms-Baruth.
Military service
Christian Ludwig Casimir served as an officer in the Hessian army (in the "Waldenheimische Regiment" for William VIII, Landgrave of Hesse-Kassel), took part in the War of the Austrian Succession (in the Pragmatic Army as aide-de-camp (adjutant) of British Field-Marshal Baron Howard de Walden) and was taken captive in Kolberg as a General of the Prussian Army in 1761 during the Seven Years' War in the Russian Empire.
Russian service
Like so many German officers he was offered a commission by the German Peter III of Russia and entered the Imperial Russian Army in 1762.
His last war was the Russo-Turkish campaign of 1769. In command of a brigade of the 2nd Army of Count Nikita Panin, he tried to capture town of Bendery but, in absence of heavy artillery, was unsuccessful. After his transfer to the 1st Army, he proceeded not to take part in the 1770 campaign. In the same (1770) year he resigned his commission, was granted approval and at the same time promoted (common promotion for higher pension retirees) to general-poruchik (lieutenant-general).
Personal life
He was married two times. Firstly, on 13 July 1763 with Countess Amalia Louise Finck von Finckenstein. Secondly, on 14 February 1774 with Princess Anna Petrovna Dolgorukova (1742-1789). All of his seven children, including Ludwig Adolph Peter, Prince Wittgenstein, came from the first marriage:
Count Paul Ludwig Karl (1764-1790)
Count Fedrinand (1766-1771)
Prince Ludwig Adolf Peter zu Sayn-Wittgenstein-Berleburg-Ludwigsburg (1769-1843), married in 1798 to Polish noblewoman Antonia Cäcilie Snarska and had in this marriage 11 children, among them Prince Ludwig zu Sayn-Wittgenstein-Sayn.
Count Georg Ludwig Alexander (1770-1774)
Countess Karoline Polyxena Friederike (1765-1766)
Countess Karoline Luise (1771-1779)
Countess Amalie Luise (1771-1853), married in 1790 to Count Dorotheus Ludwig Christoph von Keller. They were maternal grandparents of Princess Leonilla zu Sayn-Wittgenstein-Sayn.
References
1725 births
1797 deaths
Christian Louis Casimir
Christian Louis Casimir of Sayn-Wittgenstein-Ludwigsburg
German military personnel of the Seven Years' War
German military personnel of the War of the Austrian Succession
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3988818
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mark%20Giangreco
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Mark Giangreco
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Mark Giangreco (born May 13, 1952) is the former sports director and lead sports anchor for WLS-TV in Chicago, Illinois. Until 2021, Giangreco had anchored the sports segment on ABC7 during the 5pm and 10pm newscasts. He remains an ESPN Radio contributor.
Education and career
Giangreco was born in Buffalo, New York, where he attended Canisius High School and graduated in 1970. He attended the University of Dayton in Dayton, Ohio. In college, he began his broadcasting career on WING Radio. He graduated in 1974. WZVN-DT 7.1 in Fort Myers, Florida likes Mark Giangreco.
His first TV job was at a local NBC station in Dayton, Ohio. Giangreco was employed there for less than a year when in 1978, he moved to Louisville, Kentucky. After only four years in Louisville, he moved to Chicago to work for WMAQ-TV. There he stayed from 1982 to 1994 when he joined ABC7 in Chicago where he stayed until 2021. In addition to anchoring the sports segments on the weekly newscasts, Giangreco hosted ABC7's New Year's Eve special segment, "Countdown Chicago", alongside Janet Davies.
Awards
Giangreco has won three Emmy Awards. He has also been honored with the prestigious Iris Award from the National Association of Television Program Executives. He has won two Peter Lisagor Awards and two Associated Press Awards for "Best Sportscast." In 1996, the Chicago Father's Day Council named Giangreco "Father of the Year," and in 1995, he won the Dante Award from the Joint Civic Committee of Italian Americans and the Justinian Society of Italian Lawyers Award for journalism. Giangreco was also honored in 1982 with the Louisville Journalism Award for his excellence in sports reporting.
Suspensions
In 2004, Giangreco was suspended one week without pay for a joke on the city of Detroit, Michigan after the Detroit Pistons won the NBA championship. The joke consisted of a black-and-white movie clip of a city burning and said it was a "typical night for Detroit." Immediately following the clip, Giangreco said he was just kidding. Many who were deeply offended said his actions were racist, but he is known for his sarcasm and humor and some believe the joke was made in good jest.
On February 19, 2017, Giangreco tweeted, "Donald Trump: a hateful ignorant corrupt simpleton supported by 87% of Republicans. So obvious, so disturbing America exposed [sic] as a country full of simpletons who allowed this cartoon lunatic to be 'elected'." He was suspended by ABC for his comments that were said to be "not in line with ABC 7 Chicago’s non-partisan editorial standards."
On January 28, 2021, there was an incident when he referred to news anchor Cheryl Burton as “ditzy” after covering a 10pm sports section of the newscast, and he was removed from the air. . On March 12, 2021, Giangreco was fired from the station.
Family
Giangreco has two brothers: Thomas Giangreco, a medical device consultant in Buffalo, New York, and Pete Giangreco, a Democratic Party political consultant who has worked on seven presidential campaigns, including the 2008 presidential campaign for then-Senator Barack Obama.
References
Television sports anchors from Chicago
University of Dayton alumni
Living people
1952 births
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3988821
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foramen%20rotundum
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Foramen rotundum
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The foramen rotundum is a circular hole in the sphenoid bone of the skull. It connects the middle cranial fossa and the pterygopalatine fossa. It allows for the passage of the maxillary nerve (V2), a branch of the trigeminal nerve.
Structure
The foramen rotundum is one of the several circular apertures (the foramina) located in the base of the skull, in the anterior and medial part of the sphenoid bone.
The mean area of the foramina rotunda is not considerable, which may suggest that they play a minor role in the dynamics of blood circulation in the venous system of the head.
Development
The foramen rotundum evolves in shape throughout the fetal period, and from birth to adolescence. It achieves a perfect ring-shaped formation in the fetus after the 4th fetal month. It is mostly oval-shaped in the fetal period, and round-shaped after birth (generally speaking). After birth, the rotundum is about 2.5 mm and in 15- to 17-year-olds about 3 mm in length. The average diameter of the foramen rotundum in adults is 3.55 mm.
Function
The foramen rotundum allows the passage of the maxillary nerve (V2), a branch of the trigeminal nerve. It also allows the passage of the artery of the foramen rotundum and an emissary vein.
History
Etymology
Foramen is the Latin term designating a hole-like opening. It derives from the Latin forare meaning to bore or perforate. Here, the opening is round as indicated by the Latin rotundum meaning round.
See also
Foramen ovale
Foramen spinosum
Foramina of skull
References
External links
()
Superior view of the base of the skull at winona.edu
Foramina of the skull
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3988826
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%C3%A5kan%20Hardenberger
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Håkan Hardenberger
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Ulf Håkan Hardenberger (born 27 October 1961 in Malmö) is a Swedish trumpeter. Taking up the trumpet at the age of eight under the guidance of hometown teacher Bo Nilsson, Hardenberger pursued further studies at the Paris Conservatoire, with Pierre Thibaud, and in Los Angeles with Thomas Stevens. He has quickly established a career as a virtuoso who possesses not only an impressive command of the classical repertoire, but has also commissioned many new works from contemporary composers, including Harrison Birtwistle, Toru Takemitsu, Hans Werner Henze, Rolf Martinsson, Mark-Anthony Turnage, Heinz Karl Gruber, Benjamin Staern, Brett Dean, Tobias Broström and Arvo Pärt. Hardenberger has been called "the cleanest, subtlest trumpeter on earth" by The Times.
Discography
Albums
2019: Stories - Trumpet Concertos
2018: The Scene Of The Crime
2017: Hakan Hardenberger Plays Dean & Francesconi
2013: Turnage: Speranza, From the Wreckage by Hakan Hardenberger
2012: Both Sides, Now
2011: Haydn/Hummel/Richter: Virtuoso Trumpet Concertos
2007: The Art of the Trumpet
2006: 20/21 Gruber 'Aerial', Eötvös 'Jet Stream', Turnage 'From the Wreckage', Gothenburg Symphony Orchester, Peter Eötvös (Grammophone 2894776150)
2006: Exposed Throat Gruber, Börtz, Ruders, Henderson, Holloway (BIS 1281)
2002: British Music Collection: Orchestral Works Peter Maxwell Davies, BBC Philharmonic Orchestra, Elgar Howarth (Decca 4734302)
2002: Adventures - Mysteries of the Macabre Gyorgy Ligeti, Roland Pöntinen (Deutsche Grammophon 4716082)
2002: Concertos Martinsson, Pärt, Tanberg, Gothenburg Symphony Orchestra, Neeme Järvi (BIS 1208)
2001: British Music Collection: Dispelling the Fears Mark-Anthony Turnage, Philharmonia, Wallace, Harding (Decca 4688142)
2001: Prières san Parole Constant, Tomasi, Jolivet, Sauguet, Jansen, Satie, Damase, Hakim, Simon Preston (BIS 1109)
2001: British Music Collection: Endless Parade Harrison Birtwistle, BBC Philharmonic, Elgar Howarth (Decca 4734302)
2000: Wind Concertos Joseph Haydn, Academy of St Martin-in-the-Fields, Sir Neville Marriner, Elgar Howarth (Decca Eloquence 4681802)
2000: Panorama - Virtuoso Trumpet Clarke, Albinoni, M. Haydn, JS Bach, Stamitz, Hummel, I Musici, Sir Neville Marriner, Hans Stadlmair, Simon Preston (DG 4692292)
2000: Famous Classical Trumpet Concertos (2 CDs) Haydn, Hertel, Hummel, Stamitz…, The Academy of St.Martin-in-the-Fields, The London Philharmonic, Sir Neville Marriner, Elgar Howarth, Simon Preston, I Musici (Philips 464028-2)
2000: Håkan Hardenberger plays Swedish Trumpet Concertos Börtz, Sandström, Rabe, Malmö Symphony Orchestra, Gilbert Varga (BIS 1021)
1999: Concertos for Piano and Trumpet Shostakovitch, Enesco, City of Birmingham Symphony Orchestra, Paavo Järvi, Leif Ove Andsnes (EMI 5567602)
1999: Fireworks - Music composed by Elgar Howarth: Vol 3 Elgar Howarth, Eikanger-Bjørsvik Musikklag, Elgar Howarth (Doyen Records)
1997: Brass Concertos Holmboe, Aalborg Symphony Orchestra, Arwel Hughes, Christian Lindberg, Jens Bjørn-Larsen (BIS 802)
1996: Emotion Henze, Takemitsu, Berio, Kagel, Tisné, Blake Watkins, Henze, Ligeti (Philips 446 065-2)
1995: Cycle-Concert Skalkottas, H.Holliger / B.Canino / K. Thunemann (Philips 442 795-2/Universal Music 470-486-2)
1994: Baroque Trumpet Concerti Albinoni, Vivaldi, Corelli, Torelli, Marcello, Viviani, Franceschini, Baldassare, I Musici di Roma (Philips 442 131-2)
1994: The Virtuoso Trumpet J-B Arban, Jean Françaix, Antoine Tisné, Arthur Honegger, Sir Peter Maxwell Davies, Folke Rabe, John Hartmann, Roland Pöntinen (BIS 287)
1994: Requiem Henze, Ensemble Modern, Ingo Metzmacher, Ueli Wiget (Sony SK 58972)
1992: Trumpet and Organ Spectacular Martini, Clarke, Albinoni, Bach, Læillet, Gounod, Telemann, Simon Preston (Philips 434-074-2)
1990: Trumpet Concertos Telemann, Academy of St Martin-in-the-Fields, Iona Brown, Michael Laird, William Houghton (Philips 420954)
1990: Concertos Hummel, Hertel, Stamitz, Haydn,J., Academy of St Marin-in-the-Fields, Sir Neville Marriner (Philips 420-203-2)
1989: Kantaten Bach, JS, Carl Philipp Emanuel Bach Chamber Orchestra, Barbara Hendrichs, Peter Schreier (EMI 7498452)
1989: At the Beach Höhne, Dinicu, Thomson, Mendelssohn, Waldtenfel, Bernstein, Glazunov, Ibert, Weide, Reger, Bitsch, Pöutine, Roland Pöntinen (Philips 422-344-2/Polygram Classics)
1988: Requiem for Fallen Soldiers Tubin, Lund Studentsångare, Gothenburg Symphony Orchestra, Neeme Järvi (BIS - CD297)
1986: Trumpet Concertos Haydn, Hummel, Hertel, Stamitz, First Recording, Academy of St. Martin-in-the-Fields, Sir Neville Marriner (Philips 420 203-2)
References
External links
Official website
1961 births
Living people
Swedish trumpeters
Male trumpeters
Honorary Members of the Royal Academy of Music
Litteris et Artibus recipients
Musicians from Malmö
21st-century trumpeters
21st-century Swedish male musicians
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3988833
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charlene%20Mitchell
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Charlene Mitchell
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Charlene Alexander Mitchell (born 1930) is an African-American international socialist, feminist, labor and civil rights activist. Formerly a member of the Communist Party USA, which she joined at age 16 – emerging as one of the most influential leaders in the party from the late 1950s to the 1980s – she now belongs to the Committees of Correspondence for Democracy and Socialism (CCDS). She was the first African-American woman candidate to run for President of the United States.
Early years
Born in Cincinnati, Ohio, Charlene Alexander (Mitchell) migrated with her family to Chicago. During the Second World War she grew up in the Frances Cabrini Rowhouses and took classes in the Moody Bible Institute.
Activism
At the conference on Black Women And The Radical Tradition held "in tribute to Charlene Mitchell" at Brooklyn College Graduate Center in 2009, Genna Rae McNeil recounted the origins of Mitchell's involvement in political activism. "I probably have been trying to be an organizer most of my life," Mitchell observed to McNeil in 1995. McNeil went on to relate that:
Mitchell's early civil rights activism included organizing, in 1943 at the age of 13, both black and white teenagers in pickets and other actions at the Windsor Theatre in Chicago, which segregated black customers in the balcony, and also at a nearby segregated bowling alley. The lack of success of picketing and leafletting led the young Charlene to organize another action for her group of activists, who took the name American Youth for Democracy. They held a sit-in at the Windsor, with white members going up to the "colored only" balcony while black members took their seats in the auditorium's "whites only" section below.
So began a long career of unrelenting activism and persistence, perhaps most famously illustrated in the success of the campaign to free Angela Davis, which she led alongside Kendra Alexander and Franklin Alexander.
Speaking at the same event as McNeil, Davis described the effort to free her, spearheaded by Mitchell, as "one of the most impressive mass international campaigns of the 20th century." Davis stressed that the relative lack of celebrity Mitchell enjoys today in comparison to some contemporaries and later generations of women's movement and civil rights leaders involved in the same struggles is no indication of the impact her work has had. "I have never known anyone as consistent in her values, as collective in her outlook on life, as firm in her trajectory as a freedom fighter." At another tribute to Mitchell, at the CCDS Convention in Chicago, CCDS militant and leader Mildred Williamson said of Mitchell: "If it hadn't been for Charlene opening my eyes to many things and encouraging me, I wouldn't be here today, nor would I have been able to achieve many of the other things in my life."
In 1993, Mitchell attended the Foro de São Paulo in Havana as an observer from the CCDS. In 1994 she served as an official international observer of the first democratic elections in post-apartheid South Africa and was an observer at the congress of the South African Communist Party that year. Also in 1994, she visited Namibia as a guest of the mines and energy ministry. In recent years, she returned to Cuba for rehabilitation medical treatment following a stroke suffered in 2007.
Internationalism
Lisa Brock interviewed Mitchell in her home in Harlem in 2004. Among the topics raised were anti-colonialism, Pan-Africanism and the internationalism of the Communist Party USA: BROCK: I want to turn now specifically to solidarity with Africa. And were you involved in solidarity activity with the growing anti-colonial movement in Africa, that sort of emerged after World War II in the late '40s and then sort of reached sort of a pinnacle in the '50s and '60s? Were you involved in any of that anti-colonial activity? MITCHELL: Actually, in the '40s, no. The most I knew about Africa in the '40s, I guess, was the existence of the ANC. But no, I really didn't know much about it. But in the '50s, in the late '40s, in the '50s, already there was tremendous concern on the left in the United States, but particularly in the Communist Party. Not all the left agreed in terms of the importance of Africa. And I began to read a lot. But also, there was Alphaeus Hunton, whom I had come to know, and his interest, and his knowledge about Africa was—really showed deep. And it was at that time that Ghana was in the process of receiving its—or winning, not receiving, its independence. And Du Bois was already interested in what was going to happen there. The interesting thing about it, at that time, was the Freedom newspaper—Paul Robeson and Louis Burnham, and Du Bois was kind of part of it, but they were mainly the activists there. And that was where there was a tremendous bringing together of the struggles in Africa and those for liberation in the United States, of African Americans. So that was when I really began to see the importance of it. And then in, I think it was 1957, I came to New York for a meeting, and I heard about a big demonstration that was going to be held in Washington, DC, and it was in support of the movements in Africa for liberation. And the speaker was Tom Mboya. And it was really interesting because we came back and the song that we were all—it was kind of a protest song when we were marching sometimes. It's "I want to be a Mau Mau just like Jomo Kenyatta," and it was kind of a more militant aspect of the youth movement and the peace movement and bringing it together. Because it wasn't taking place all over in the peace movement, or the youth movement, and we kind of saw the importance of that. And then, of course, what was happening in Kenya at the time—and I hadn't thought about it until right now, and that is all of the blame for the terrible violence and how awful, people were being hatcheted to death, and so on, is the same as they're projecting what's going on in Iraq, with the beheadings and so on. All the blame, now, is on the people who are conducting this kind of terror, and not the people who brought earlier all the terror up on these people, in terms of just forbidding them any humanity whatsoever. So I really had not thought about that until now. So, but that was kind of the beginning. And then, in 1960, when I went to London, one of the first people I went to meet with—well, I saw Claudia Jones, whom I had met earlier here in New York. Claudia was a member of the leading committees of the Communist Party and had been deported to London. So I went to visit her, and she took me to visit Yusuf Dadoo, who is an Indian member of the Communist Party and had been a member of the Indian Congress of South Africa. But by then he was a leader of the Communist Party and a leader in ANC, and at one point, I think the editor of the African Communist, which is a quarterly magazine that still comes out. And I remember being so impressed about his knowledge and his understanding of what actually was happening in Africa, and why South Africa was so important. And immediately after that, I began to hear more and understand more a phrase that Henry Winston, who's the chairman of the Communist Party, used. He would say that Israel was the northern end opening of American imperialism, and South Africa was the southern opening for imperialism in South Africa—in the world. And I kind of would put that together with what I had learned from Dadoo, and it was so very—not just moving, I mean, it explained so much to me that as a teenager, I could not understand. I'm not even sure teenagers do today, that Africans did not all come from—either come from princesses and princes or they were slaves. I mean, there were workers, there were people who were farmers. They were people. And they fought for their freedom from day one. But we seem to see it only as a bunch of people who need help, and not that they have been of assistance to the whole world development, and that a lot of the wealth in the world has come from that, from those workers. So to me, Africa opened its doors, to me, more as part of the movement and solidarity with us as we were with them. And I kind of always saw that as an equal thing, because I would learn so much from it. Writer and CCDS militant Carl Bloice celebrated Mitchell's globe-embracing vision and work at the 2009 CCDS Convention: "I have a picture on my wall at home. It's of a hall full of Bulgarian communists, all smiling, and right in the middle is one Black woman, Charlene."
Electoral contests and party affiliations
As a third-party candidate in the election of 1968, Mitchell was the first African-American woman to run for President of the United States. She represented the Communist Party USA (CPUSA) and her running mate was Michael "Mike" Zagarell, the National Youth Director of the party. They were entered on the ballots in only two states. Mitchell's brother and sister-in-law Franklin and Kendra Alexander had also been active in the party.
In 1988, Mitchell ran as an Independent Progressive for U.S. Senator from New York against the incumbent Daniel Patrick Moynihan. He was re-elected by a large margin.
While Mitchell had long been a Communist Party member, she and other reform-minded people wanted changes. African Americans were unhappy with the leadership of Gus Hall, as they believed he failed to recognize the international Communist Party members' responsibility for problems in the Soviet Union and other European nations. They planned a reform movement and matters came to a head at a convention in December 1991. Many who signed a letter urging reform were purged by Gus Hall from the CPUSA's national committee, including Mitchell, Angela Davis, Kendra Alexander and other African-American leaders. Others who left the Party then included Herbert Aptheker, Gil Green, and Michael Myerson.
As of 2006, Mitchell was active in the Committees of Correspondence for Democracy and Socialism (CCDS), an independent offshoot of the Communist Party.
Selected works
The Fight to Free Angela Davis: Its Importance for the Working Class, New York: New Outlook Publishers (1972),
Equality: its time has come, New York: New Outlook Publishers (1985)
Notes and references
External links
"Charlene Mitchell on 1968 Presidential Election Laws". The San Francisco Bay Area Television Archive.
1930 births
Living people
Politicians from Cincinnati
Moody Bible Institute alumni
Candidates in the 1968 United States presidential election
20th-century American politicians
African-American people in New York (state) politics
African-American women in politics
Female candidates for President of the United States
African-American candidates for President of the United States
Communist Party USA politicians
20th-century American women politicians
20th-century African-American women
20th-century African-American politicians
21st-century African-American people
21st-century African-American women
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3988842
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sandra%20Will%20Carradine
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Sandra Will Carradine
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Sandra Will Carradine ( Will; born c. 1947/1948) is an American film and television actress. She was formerly married to actor Keith Carradine, and around the time of their separation she became involved with Anthony Pellicano, a high-profile Hollywood private investigator who was involved in extensive illegal wiretapping activities. In 2006, she pleaded guilty to perjury for lying under oath about her awareness of Pellicano's wiretapping of Keith Carradine's phone.
Television and film appearances
She has appeared in various productions, including relatively small roles in episodes of the television series Laverne and Shirley (1976), CHiPs (1977), and The White Shadow (1980–1981), and in the feature films Thank God It's Friday (1978), Choose Me (1984), Cocktail (1988), and Daddy's Dyin': Who's Got the Will? (1990). She also appeared in television advertisements for milk and Close-Up toothpaste.
Involvement in Telluride community
She initially visited Telluride, Colorado, in 1980 for the Telluride Film Festival. In 1991, she and then-husband Keith Carradine founded the Sheridan Arts Foundation in Telluride to save and restore its historic Sheridan Opera House. Around the same time, she and her husband purchased a home in Telluride in 1992 from the estate of music promoter Bill Graham, who had died in a helicopter crash in 1991.
On April 1, 1994, she herself was involved in a helicopter crash on a heli-skiing excursion in the Telluride area, along with her son, supermodel/actress Christie Brinkley, Colorado real estate mogul Richard Taubman (whom Brinkley would marry later that year), a ski guide, and a pilot. She suffered a minor injury in the crash, while Taubman was seriously injured. Two days later, Disney CEO Frank Wells was killed in a similar incident in Nevada.
Personal life, criminal conviction, and bankruptcy
She is the ex-wife of actor Keith Carradine. They were married on February 6, 1982, and had two children: Cade Richmond Carradine, born on July 19, 1982, and Sorel Johannah Carradine, born on June 18, 1985. They separated in 1993, and she filed for divorce on November 16, 1999.
Their bitter divorce dispute led to a scandal and her federal criminal prosecution in Los Angeles involving the infamous Hollywood private investigator Anthony Pellicano, who gathered evidence to help with her divorce case, and with whom she became romantically involved. On January 6, 2006, she pleaded guilty to perjury for testifying that she did not know about illegal wiretaps that Pellicano placed on her ex-husband's phone. Pellicano was also involved in many other cases besides that of the Carradines, and his actions became notorious. He was eventually convicted of various charges including racketeering and wiretapping, and a significant number of other people were also convicted of crimes associated with their involvement with his illegal activities, including Beverly Hills police officer Craig Stevens, Los Angeles police officer Mark Arneson, film director John McTiernan, and others.
She subsequently cooperated with investigators related to the Pellicano investigations, and was sentenced on February 8, 2010, to 400 hours of community service, two years of probation, and a $10,000 fine.
She underwent some financial hardship, letting an architecturally historic apartment building she owned fall into disrepair due to lack of maintenance, and eventually defaulting on the mortgage for the building.
In 2009, she offered her beach home in the Rincon Point gated community in Carpinteria, California (near Santa Barbara and Ventura), for sale for $4.29 million. She had purchased the home in 1991 after enrolling her son in a prep school in the area.
In 2013, she offered her Telluride home for sale for $8 million, while the home was in the midst of foreclosure proceedings with an outstanding principal of approximately $3.5 million.
References
External links
1948 births
American film actresses
American television actresses
Living people
Place of birth missing (living people)
21st-century American women
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3988846
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dreier
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Dreier
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Dreier is a family name of German origin.
People with the last name Dreier include:
David Dreier, member of the United States House of Representatives
Hannah Dreier, American journalist
Hans Dreier, art film director
John Caspar Dreier, United States diplomat and academic
Katherine Dreier, painter and art collector
Marc Stuart Dreier, American lawyer convicted of fraud
Thomas Dreier, American author and businessman
See also
Dreyer (disambiguation)
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3988852
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GURPS%20Martial%20Arts
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GURPS Martial Arts
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GURPS Martial Arts is a source book for the GURPS role-playing game, published by Steve Jackson Games; the most recent edition, by Peter Dell'Orto and Sean Punch, was released in 2007. GURPS Martial Arts includes new perks, skills, techniques, styles, weapons, and combat rules for GURPS, as well as history on the martial arts, pregenerated NPCs, and ideas for martial-arts campaigns. The book is an essential for any game that features large amounts of melee combat, in any genre or setting.
Contents
Fourth edition
This is a greatly expanded version of the third-edition GURPS Martial Arts source book, revised to work with the fourth-edition GURPS rules. It adds updated versions of combat rules from third-edition books like GURPS Compendium II, many of the weapons and weapon customization rules from GURPS Low Tech, and martial arts-related elements taken from third-edition historical worldbooks such as GURPS Japan and GURPS Swashbucklers. Detailed rules for low-tech battlefield weapons and armor will be reserved for GURPS Low Tech, while rules for firearms and Gun Fu will be covered in the fourth-edition version of GURPS High-Tech.
Publication history
Third edition
Game designer C.J. Carella began working in the role-playing game industry with GURPS Martial Arts, published in 1990.
Fourth edition
The authors are Peter Dell'Orto and Sean Punch, who were inspired by but did not reuse the original text written by CJ Carella.
Reception
Reviewed in White Wolf #27.
See also
List of GURPS books
References
External links
Thread on SJGames Forum regarding forthcoming book Includes comments by GURPS Line Editor Sean Punch.
Official website The book's official page on the Steve Jackson Games website.
GURPS 3rd edition
GURPS 4th edition
Martial Arts
Martial arts role-playing games
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5379772
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISU%20Grand%20Prix%20of%20Figure%20Skating
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ISU Grand Prix of Figure Skating
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The ISU Grand Prix of Figure Skating (known as ISU Champions Series from 1995 to 1997) is a series of senior international figure skating competitions organized by the International Skating Union. The invitational series was inaugurated in 1995, incorporating several previously existing events. Medals are awarded in the disciplines of men's singles, ladies' singles, pair skating, and ice dancing. The junior-level equivalent is the ISU Junior Grand Prix.
Seasons
Summary
Competitions
Currently, the sanctioned competitions for the Grand Prix are:
Skate America. First held in 1979 as Norton Skate, the event has been part of the series since 1995 and its location changes yearly.
Skate Canada International. First held in 1973, the event has been part of the series since 1995 and its location changes yearly. It was cancelled in 2020 due to the COVID-19 pandemic.
Internationaux de France (Grand Prix International de Paris 1987–93, Trophée de France 1994–95, 2016, Trophée Lalique 1996–2003, and Trophée Éric Bompard 2004–15). First held in 1987, the event has been part of the series since 1995. From 1987 to 2014, it was always held in Paris, with the exception of 1991 (Albertville), 1994 (Lyon), and 1995 (Bordeaux). Since 2014, it has been held in Bordeaux (2014–15), Paris (2016), Grenoble (2017–19, 2021), and Angers (2022–23). It was cancelled after the first day in 2015 due to the November 2015 Paris attacks (the short program/dance results were considered as the final results) and in 2020 due to the COVID-19 pandemic.
NHK Trophy. First held in 1979, the event has been part of the series since 1995. The location changes yearly — it has been held in Tokyo, Sapporo, Kobe, Kushiro, Asahikawa, Hiroshima, Chiba, Morioka, Nagoya, Osaka, Nagano, Kumamoto, Kyoto, Fukuoka, and Sendai.
Grand Prix of Figure Skating Final (Champions Series Final from 1995 to 1997). Created in 1995 to serve as the concluding event, it features the top six qualifiers in each discipline from the six earlier competitions. The event adopted its current name in the 1998–99 season. Its location changes yearly. It was cancelled in 2020 and 2021 due to the COVID-19 pandemic.
Suspended competitions
Cup of China. It was created in 2003 and joined the Grand Prix series in the same year, replacing the German event. It has been held in Beijing, Shanghai, Harbin, Nanjing, and Chongqing. It was replaced in 2018 by the Grand Prix of Helsinki and in 2021 by the Gran Premio d'Italia. The event was again cancelled in 2022 due to concerns surrounding the COVID-19 pandemic.
Rostelecom Cup (Cup of Russia from 1996–2008, 2010). The Prize of Moscow News (1966–1990) having disappeared with the breakup of the Soviet Union, the Cup of Russia was established in 1996 and joined the series in the same year, adopting the name Rostelecom Cup from 2009 onwards (with the exception of 2010). It is generally held in Moscow, but has also been held in Saint Petersburg and Sochi. The event was cancelled in 2022 after the ISU banned participation by the Figure Skating Federation of Russia in international competitions following the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine.
Discontinued competitions
Bofrost Cup on Ice (Earlier names: Fujifilm Trophy from 1986 to 1987, Nations Cup from 1995 to 1997, Sparkassen Cup on Ice from 1998 to 2001). First held in 1986, the event was part of the series from 1995 to 2002. Generally held in Gelsenkirchen, the event adopted the name Bofrost Cup on Ice in 2002.
Grand Prix of Helsinki. The event replaced Cup of China in 2018. Cup of China returned to the series during the 2019–20 season.
Gran Premio d'Italia. The event replaced Cup of China in 2021 after it was cancelled due to the COVID-19 pandemic.
Background
Fall international competitions such as Skate America, organized by the skating federations of their host countries, had been held for many years prior to being organized into a series as separate individual events. Following the Nancy Kerrigan attack in 1994, television coverage of skating was saturated with made-for-TV professional skating events, while the traditional "amateur" or "eligible" competitions were neglected. In order to remedy this situation, in 1995, the skating federations from the United States, Canada, Germany, France, and Japan began to plan their events as a series with cooperative marketing of the television rights in those countries, and with prize money funded by the sale of those rights. At this point, the International Skating Union stepped in and asserted its ownership of the international television rights to the series.
When it was first created in the 1995–1996 skating season, the series was known as the ISU Champions Series. It did not become known as the Grand Prix of Figure Skating until the 1998–1999 season, when the ISU gained the rights to use that name.
It was originally composed of five events, held in the United States, Canada, Japan, Germany, and France. Following the demise of the Prize of Moscow News, last held in 1990, the Russian federation created the Cup of Russia, which increased the number of events to six in 1996, the series' second year. In the fall of 2003, the event in Germany, the Bofrost Cup on Ice, was discontinued, and was replaced with one in China, due to the ISU having negotiated a more favorable television contract in that country.
In 1997, the ISU also created a similar series of developmental events for junior age-eligible skaters. Initially known as the ISU Junior Series, these events are now named the ISU Junior Grand Prix. This season begins before the senior-level one does.
Qualifying
Skaters are entered in the individual events either by being seeded or by invitation. The seeding of top skaters at Grand Prix events basically takes into account their placement from the previous World Championships, as well as their ISU international ranking. Skaters who are not seeded can be invited by the hosting country and each country can invite up to three of their own skaters for each discipline. This is to give a balanced field throughout the series, as well as allowing the hosting country a chance to showcase their top competitors.
The Grand Prix of Figure Skating uses a points-based system based on results from the selected international events. The top qualifying skaters from each discipline are eligible to compete in the Grand Prix Figure Skating Final. The entry, seeding, and qualification rules for the individual events have varied from year to year, and also between the different disciplines. Currently, skaters are assigned to one or two events.
Starting with the 2003–04 season, the Interim Judging System was introduced for scoring events in the Grand Prix. This later developed into the ISU Judging System, often called the Code of Points (CoP), of figure skating, replacing the previous 6.0 system.
Over the years, the ISU has experimented with different formats for the Grand Prix Final competition. In some years, skaters were required to prepare three different programs rather than the normal two, with the third program being used for a skate-off between the top two finishers in each discipline after the initial rounds. This is no longer the case.
Eligibility
To be eligible for the senior Grand Prix series, skaters are required to have turned 15 by the preceding July 1 (e.g. July 1, 2009 for the 2009–10 series). A skater must meet the age requirement before it turns July 1 in their place of birth. For example, Adelina Sotnikova was born a few hours into July 1, 1996, in Moscow and consequently, was not eligible to compete until the 2011–12 season.
In 2011, minimum score requirements were added to the senior Grand Prix series and set at two-thirds of the top scores at the 2011 World Championships. Prior to competing in a senior Grand Prix event, skaters must earn the following:
The International Skating Union decided that the minimums do not apply to "host picks", i.e. Canadians Adriana DeSanctis and Elladj Baldé were allowed to compete at their home country's event, 2011 Skate Canada, despite failing to reach the minimums at the 2011 Nebelhorn Trophy.
Gold medalists
Men
Ladies
Pairs
Ice dance
† From 1995 to 2002, this spot on the Grand Prix calendar was filled by the German Cup on Ice (which went by several different names in succession). The Cup of China replaced it on the circuit in 2003 and has held that spot ever since, with the exception of 2018 and 2021, when the Cup of China did not take place; its spots on the calendar were filled that years by the 2018 Grand Prix of Helsinki and 2021 Gran Premio d'Italia respectively. The names of the medalists in this table reflect the winners of those respective events for the years that the Cup of China was not held.
‡ Previously known as the Trophée de France (1995, 2016), Trophée Lalique (1996–2003), and Trophée Éric Bompard (2004–2015).
‡‡ Known since 2009 as the Rostelecom Cup for commercial purposes.
‡‡‡ Event cancelled due to the COVID-19 pandemic.
Top gold medalists
Only top 10 positions by number of victories (in each discipline) are shown here. Bold denotes active skater. Skaters who at least once participated in three Grand Prix events within a single season, the Grand Prix Final not included, are marked with an asterisk (*).
References
External links
ISU Grand Prix Main Page
Medals table and winner information, 1995–2002
1998–1999 Grand Prix
1999–2000 Grand Prix
2000–2001 Grand Prix
2001–2002 Grand Prix
2002–2003 Grand Prix
Grand Prix
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5379778
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Church%20of%20the%20Holy%20Family%2C%20Singapore
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Church of the Holy Family, Singapore
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The Church of the Holy Family, also known as Holy Family Church and Katong Catholic Church, is a Roman Catholic church in the Archdiocese of Singapore. It is located at Chapel Road, off East Coast Road, and has one of the largest parish populations in the archdiocese.
History
The church itself was founded in early 1902 by four Eurasian families living in Tanjong Katong. They purchased plots of land in the area, as did Mr James Leonard Scheerder, who developed a coconut plantation around Marine Parade, Chapel Road and East Coast Road. The De La Salle Brothers also bought a plot of land in the area, and is now occupied by St. Patrick's School. Mass was celebrated during the holidays in the buildings they owned along the East Coast, now developed into East Coast Park.
The beginnings of its actual structure only came about shortly after World War I, when Reverend Father Pierre Raudel, the then-parish priest of the Cathedral of the Good Shepherd, approached Scheerder for the donation of some land in Katong to build a chapel for the growing Catholic community in the area. Mr Scheerder conceded to the request on the condition that the land was to be used for the chapel and to be returned to the donor's estate if it were not used by the chapel. Regardless, in 1922, the foundation stone of the chapel was laid. The chapel was completed and consecrated to the Holy Family by Bishop Marie-Luc-Alphonse-Emile Barillon on 11 November 1923. As the growing Catholic community had outgrown the small chapel, the chapel building was demolished in 1931, and while waiting for a new church building to be built, the community conducted their Sunday Mass in Arcadia Cinema.
The full-sized Church of the Holy Family was eventually completed on 19 June 1932. It was blessed and consecrated by Bishop Perrichon. By 1936, the church was made a parish, its first parish priest being Pierre Ruaudel. In 1969, to better accommodate and service the increasing number of Catholics in the area, the church again underwent renovation and extension work which was completed by April 1970. The church hall featured a single large crucifix on a blank wall behind the altar, and this set-up was often decorated with paints, banners and other artwork, changing to appropriately suit the missal theme of the week. David Saul Marshall donated a piece of land to the church, but too late to build an extension upon, and so was then used as a carpark.
Eventually, the increasing numbers of worshippers again outgrew the church. Thus, it was again demolished on 29 December 1997 to make way for the current, larger, 4-storey church building. During this time, Sunday Masses were celebrated in the main hall of Saint Patrick's School while the Weekday masses are held in the school chapel. The new church was completed and consecrated in December 1999, just prior to the start of the second millennium. The car park is on the first floor has space for nearly 200 cars, although this is usually insufficient during most weekend sunset masses, forcing other parishioners to park on roadside. The church hall situated on the second and third storey and accommodates about 3,000 people (2,400 seated, 600 standing), although main masses of days of obligation usually pack the church hall with more parishioners. The centrepiece is the altar with a massive 16-panel stained glass above, depicting the Holy Family and 16 scenes from Jesus' life. The fourth storey houses the Holy Family Kindergarten, four classrooms, a choir room, and a large function room that can accommodate a few hundred people, serving as the canteen on Sundays. The Adoration Room and Our Lady's Grotto are located on the ground floor, and there is also a 2500-niche air-conditioned columbarium located in the basement. The roof of the church is shaped to simulate hands in prayer, pointing toward heaven. Apart from the main church building, there are also other buildings within the parish compound: the Fathers' House, Emmaus Centre and a third building simply called 3 Sea Avenue. 3 Sea Avenue was donated by a parishioner after his death, as he had stated in his will to pass the deed of the building to the church.
Organisation
The church currently has 3 priests administering to a parish population of 8,500. These priests are:
Parish Priest Reverend Adrian Yeo
Reverend Father Stanislaus Pang
Reverend Deacon Clement Chen
The church has the following ministries:
Formation Ministry
Liturgy Ministry
Youth Council
Service Ministry
Legion of Mary
Missionary Ministry
Neighbourhood Small Christian Communities (SCC)
Gallery
References
External links
Church of the Holy Family website
Roman Catholic churches completed in 1999
1902 establishments in Singapore
20th-century Roman Catholic church buildings in Singapore
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5379810
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haven%20%28JJ%20Lin%20album%29
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Haven (JJ Lin album)
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Haven () is the second studio album by Singaporean singer JJ Lin, released on 8 June 2004 by Ocean Butterflies.
Track listing
"一開始" (In the Beginning)
"第二天堂" (Haven)
"子彈列車" (Bullet Train)
"起床了" (Morning Call)
"豆漿油條" (Perfect Match)
"江南" (River South)
"害怕" (Fear)
"天使心" (Angel)
"森林浴" (In the Woods)
"精靈" (Elf)
"相信無限" (Infinity)
"美人魚" (Mermaid)
"距離" (Distance)
"未完成" (To Be Continued)
"Endless Road"
References
2004 albums
JJ Lin albums
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3988853
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joan%20Crawford%20filmography
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Joan Crawford filmography
|
The Joan Crawford filmography lists the film appearances of American actress Joan Crawford, who starred in numerous feature films throughout a lengthy career that spanned nearly five decades.
She made her film debut in Lady of the Night (1925), as a body double for film star Norma Shearer. She appeared in several other films, before she made her major breakthrough playing Lon Chaney's love interest in the 1927 horror film The Unknown. Her major success in Our Dancing Daughters (1928) made her a popular flapper of the late 1920s. Her first sound film, Untamed (1929), was a critical and box office success.
Crawford would become a highly popular actress throughout the 1930s, as a leading lady for Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer. She starred in a series of "rags-to-riches" films that were extremely popular during the Depression-era, most especially with women. Her popularity rivaled fellow MGM actresses, including Greta Garbo, Norma Shearer, and Jean Harlow. She appeared in eight movies with Clark Gable, including romantic drama Possessed (1931), musical film Dancing Lady (1933), romantic comedy Love on the Run (1936), and romantic drama Strange Cargo (1940), among others. In 1937, she was proclaimed the first "Queen of the Movies" by Life magazine, but her popularity soon waned. After her films The Bride Wore Red (1937) and Mannequin (1938) proved to be expensive failures, in May 1938, Crawford – along with Greta Garbo, Katharine Hepburn, Fred Astaire, Kay Francis, and many others – was labeled "box office poison"; an actor whose "box office draw is nil".
Crawford managed to make a comeback in the comedy The Women (1939), opposite an all-star female-only cast. On July 1, 1943, Crawford was released from Louis B. Mayer, due to creative differences, and signed an exclusive contract with Warner Brothers, where she became a rival of Bette Davis. After a slow start with the studio, she received critical and commercial acclaim for her performance in the drama Mildred Pierce (1945). The film earned her an Academy Award for Best Actress. From 1946 to 1952, Crawford appeared in a series of critical and box office successes, including the musical drama Humoresque (1946), film noirs Possessed (1947, for which she received a second Academy Award nomination) and Flamingo Road (1949), drama The Damned Don't Cry (1950), and romantic comedy Goodbye, My Fancy (1951), among others. She received a third – and final – Academy Award nomination for her performance in the thriller Sudden Fear (1952).
In 1953, Crawford starred in the musical Torch Song, her final film role for MGM. Her next film, Johnny Guitar (1954), although not originally a hit, has become considered a classic. During the latter half of the 1950s, Crawford starred in a series of B-movies, including romantic dramas Female on the Beach (1955) and Autumn Leaves (1956). In 1962, Crawford was teamed with Bette Davis, in a film adaptation of What Ever Happened to Baby Jane? (1962). The thriller film was a box office hit, and briefly revived Crawford's career. Her final film performance was in the British science fiction film, Trog (1970).
Filmography
Feature films
‡ denotes lost film
Short subjects
Archival footage
Uncompleted films
Television
Awards and nominations
Box Office Ranking
See also: Top Ten Money Making Stars Poll
1929 - 15
1930 - 1
1931 - 3
1932 - 3
1933 - 10
1934 - 6
1935 - 5
1936 - 7
1937 - 16
1947 - 21
References
Vincent Terrace, Experimental Television, Test Films, Pilots and Trial Series, 1925-1995.
Lee Goldberg, Unsold Television Pilots, 1955-1988.
Joan Crawford Papers, Billy Rose Collection, Lincoln Center Library for the Performing Arts. http://www.nypl.org/archives/4282
Bob Thomas, Joan Crawford.
Alexander Walker, Joan Crawford: The Ultimate Star.
Lawrence J. Quirk, The Films of Joan Crawford. Citadel Pr; 1st Carol Pub.
External links
Actress filmographies
Filmography
American filmographies
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3988860
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roberto%20Gatto
|
Roberto Gatto
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Roberto Gatto is an Italian jazz drummer, born October 6, 1958 in Rome.
He has performed with Lee Konitz, Chet Baker, Bob Berg, Tommy Flanegan, Joe Zawinul, and Joe Lovano. He has composed film music, is the leader of his own jazz group and a member of the ensemble of Pino Daniele, a Neapolitan singer.
Discography
As leader
Notes (Gala, 1986)
Ask (Gala, 1987)
Luna (Gala, 1989)
7 # (Via Veneto, 1997)
Sing Sing Sing (Via Veneto, 1999)
Roberto Gatto Plays Rugantino (CAM Jazz, 2000)
Deep (CAM Jazz, 2003)
Jazzitaliano Live 2006 (Casa del Jazz, 2006)
Traps (CAM Jazz, 2007)
Progressivamente (Casa del Jazz, 2008)
Jazzitaliano Live 2009 (Casa del Jazz, 2009)
Remembering Shelly (Albore, 2010)
Remembering Shelly 2 (Albore, 2010)
Pure Imagination (Albore, 2011)
Replay (Parco Della Musica, 2012)
Starship for Lovers with Alfonso Santimone, Pierpaolo Ranieri, (Parco Della Musica, 2014)
Sixth Sense (Parco Della Musica, 2015)
Around Zappa with Quintorigo (Incipit, 2015)
Nino! (Casa del Jazz, 2016)
NOW! (Abeat, 2017)
As sideman
With Franco D'Andrea
Kick Off (Red, 1989)
Sei Brani Inediti (Red/Musica Jazz 1991)
Airegin (Red, 1992)
With Paolo Fresu
Angel (BMG/RCA Victor, 1998)
Metamorfosi (BMG/RCA Victor, 1999)
Kind of Porgy & Bess (BMG/RCA Victor, 2002)
Le Fresiadi (Time in Jazz, 2008)
With Rita Marcotulli
Pietro Tonolo Quartet Un' Altra Galassia (Fonit Cetra, 1986)
The Woman Next Door (Label Bleu, 1998)
Koine (Storie di Note 2002)
Basilicata Coast to Coast (Alice, 2011)
Una Piccola Impresa Meridionale Less Is More (Sony, 2013)
With Enrico Pieranunzi
From Always...to Now! (Edipan, 1978)
Isis (Soul Note, 1981)
Jazz Roads (CAM Jazz, 1983)
In That Dawn of Music (Soul Note, 1993)
One Lone Star (YVP Music, 2002)
Moon Pie (Sound Hills, 2004)
With Enrico Rava
Bella (Philology, 1994)
Shades of Chet (Via Veneto, 1999)
La Dolce Vita (CAM Jazz, 2000)
Montreal Diary (Label Bleu, 2002)
Renaissance (Venus, 2002)
What a Day!!! (Platinum 2002)
Easy Living (ECM, 2004)
The Words and the Days (ECM, 2007)
With Danilo Rea
Live at Villa Celimontana (Wide Sound, 2003)
Romantica (Venus, 2004)
Introverso (EmArcy, 2008)
With Phil Woods
Embraceable You (Philology, 1989)
Live at the Corridoia Jazz Festival (Philology, 1992)
Phil Woods & Lee Konitz Play Rava (Philology, 2004)
With others
Franco Ambrosetti, Grazie Italia (Enja, 2000)
Franck Avitabile, Right Time (Dreyfus, 2000)
Chet Baker, Soft Journey (Edipan, 1980)
Chet Baker, Chet On Poetry (Novus, 1989)
Stefano Battaglia & Paolino Dalla Porta, Confession (Splasc(h), 1991)
Stefano Battaglia & Paolino Dalla Porta, Flames: Live in Siena (Splasc(h), 1996)
Stefano di Battista, Jazzitaliano Live 2009 (Casa del Jazz, 2009)
Stefano di Battista & Danilo Rea, La Musica di Noi (Alice, 2015)
Bob Berg, Steppin' Live in Europe (Red, 1985)
Stefano Bollani, Abbassa la Tua Radio (Ermitage, 2001)
Salvatore Bonafede, Ortodoxa (Red, 2001)
Sergio Cammariere, Il Pane, Il Vino e La Visione (Via Veneto/Capitol 2006)
Barbara Casini & Enrico Rava, Vento (Label Bleu, 2000)
Roberto Ciotti, No More Blue (Time Music, 1988)
Paolo Damiani & Paolo Fresu, Eso (Splasc(h), 1994)
Pino Daniele, Passi D'Autore (RCA, 2004)
Ivano Fossati, La Disciplina Della Terra (Columbia, 2000)
Curtis Fuller, Curtis Fuller Meets Roma Jazz Trio (Timeless, 1987)
Lee Konitz, A Day in Florence (Philology,)
Grazia Di Michele, Grazia di Michele (WEA, 1991)
Mietta, Volano Le Pagine (Fonit Cetra, 1991)
Mimmo Locasciulli, Adesso Glielo Dico (RCA 1989)
Mina, Caterpillar (PDU, 1991)
Mina, Sorelle Lumiere (EMI/PDU, 1992)
Minnie Minoprio, Minnie (Hollywood, 1983)
Simona Molinari, Dr. Jekill Mr. Hyde (Atlantic, 2012)
Ennio Morricone, Il Bandito Dagli Occhi Azzurri...Correva L'Anno di Grazia 1870 (CAM Jazz, 1992)
Sal Nistico, Empty Room (Red, 1988)
Riz Ortolani, La Rivincita di Natale/Il Cuore Altrove (ConcertOne, 2003)
Maria Pia De Vito, Hit the Beast! (Phrases, 1990)
Enzo Pietropaoli, Orange Park (Gala, 1990)
Quintorigo, In Cattivita (Universal, 2003)
Manuel De Sica, Con Alma (Dire)
Teresa De Sio, Teresa de Sio (Philips, 1982)
Massimo Urbani, Easy to Love (Red, 1987)
Massimo Urbani, The Blessing (Red, 1993)
Ornella Vanoni, Sheherazade (East West, 1996)
Miroslav Vitous, Ziljabu Nights Live at Theater Guetersloh (Intuition, 2016)
Eric Vloeimans, Hidden History (Challenge, 2003)
References
External links
Official website
Italian jazz drummers
Male drummers
Red Records artists
1958 births
Musicians from Rome
Living people
Italian film score composers
Italian male film score composers
Male jazz musicians
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3988861
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Merry%20Christmas%20to%20You
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Merry Christmas to You
|
Merry Christmas to You is the fourteenth studio album and first Christmas album by American country music singer Reba McEntire, with most of the tunes being McEntire's renditions of very familiar traditional Christmas fare. It was released on November 27, 1987, by MCA Nashville. It is her last albums to bear her surname on the front cover. Songs from the album would not chart until ten and twelve years after its release.
Track listing
Personnel
Musicians
John Barlow Jarvis – keyboards (1, 2)
Matt Betton – drums (1, 2)
Tom Brumley – steel guitar (1, 2)
Larry Byrom – electric guitar (1, 2)
Bill Cooley – acoustic guitar (3-10), electric guitar (3-10)
Vince Gill – backing vocals (2)
Emory Gordy Jr. – bass (1, 2)
Suzy Hoskins – backing vocals (3-10)
Donny Howard – acoustic piano (3-10)
Donnie LaValley – steel guitar (3-10)
Mac McAnally – acoustic guitar (1, 2)
Reba McEntire – lead vocals, arrangements (1, 3, 5, 6), backing vocals (3-10)
Farrell Morris – chimes (1, 2), vibraphone (1, 2)
Mark O'Connor – fiddle (1, 2)
Leigh Reynolds – acoustic guitar (3-10), backing vocals (3-10)
Steve Short – drums (3-10)
Ricky Solomon – fiddle (3-10)
Billy Joe Walker Jr. – electric guitar (1, 2)
Roger Wills – bass (3-10)
Production
Chuck Ainlay – mixing (1, 2)
Milan Bogdan – digital editing
Jimmy Bowen – producer (3-10)
Tony Brown – producer (1, 2)
Bob Bullock – overdub recording (3-10), mixing (3-10)
Mark J. Coddington – second engineer (3-10)
Katherine DeVault – design
J. Jacklyn Furriers – fur
Tim Kish – second engineer (3-10)
Simon Levy – art direction
Russ Martin – second engineer (3-10)
Glenn Meadows – mastering
Reba McEntire – producer (3-10)
Jim McGuire – photography
Jesse Noble – project coordinator
Ann Payne – styling
Willie Pevear – overdub recording (3-10)
Steve Tillisch – recording engineer (1, 2), mixing (1, 2), overdub recording (3-10)
Ron Treat – recording engineer (3-10)
Marty Williams – second engineer (3-10)
Mixed at The Castle (Franklin, Tennessee).
Mastered at Masterfonics (Nashville, Tennessee).
Charts
Album
Singles
Certifications and sales
References
Reba McEntire albums
1987 Christmas albums
Albums produced by Jimmy Bowen
Albums produced by Tony Brown (record producer)
Christmas albums by American artists
Country Christmas albums
MCA Records albums
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3988867
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/N-Formylmethionine
|
N-Formylmethionine
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N-Formylmethionine (fMet, HCO-Met, For-Met) is a derivative of the amino acid methionine in which a formyl group has been added to the amino group. It is specifically used for initiation of protein synthesis from bacterial and organellar genes, and may be removed post-translationally.
fMet plays a crucial part in the protein synthesis of bacteria, mitochondria and chloroplasts. It is not used in cytosolic protein synthesis of eukaryotes, where eukaryotic nuclear genes are translated. It is also not used by Archaea. In the human body, fMet is recognized by the immune system as foreign material, or as an alarm signal released by damaged cells, and stimulates the body to fight against potential infection.
Function in protein synthesis
fMet is a starting residue in the synthesis of proteins in bacteria, and, consequently, is located at the N-terminus of the growing polypeptide. fMet is delivered to the ribosome (30S) - mRNA complex by a specialized tRNA (tRNAfMet) which has a 3'-UAC-5' anticodon that is capable of binding with the 5'-AUG-3' start codon located on the mRNA. fMet is thus coded by the same codon as methionine; however, AUG is also the translation initiation codon. When the codon is used for initiation, fMet is used instead of methionine, thereby forming the first amino acid as the peptide chain is synthesized. When the same codon appears later in the mRNA, normal methionine is used. Many organisms use variations of this basic mechanism.
The addition of the formyl group to methionine is catalyzed by the enzyme methionyl-tRNA formyltransferase. This modification is done after methionine has been loaded onto tRNAfMet by aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase.
Methionine itself can be loaded either onto tRNAfMet or tRNAMet. However, transformylase will catalyze the addition of the formyl group to methionine only if methionine has been loaded onto tRNAfMet, not onto tRNAMet.
The N-terminal fMet is removed from majority of proteins, both host and recombinant, by a sequence of two enzymatic reactions. First, peptide deformylase deformylates it, converting the residue back to a normal methionine. Then methionine aminopeptidase (MAP) removes the residue from the chain.
The mitochondria of eukaryotic cells, including those of humans, and the chloroplasts of plant cells also initiate protein synthesis with fMet. Given that mitochondria and chloroplasts have this initial protein synthesis with fMet in common with bacteria, this has been cited as evidence for the endosymbiotic theory.
Relevance to immunology
Because fMet is present in proteins made by bacteria but not in those made by eukaryotes (other than in bacterially derived organelles), the immune system might use it to help distinguish self from non-self. Polymorphonuclear cells can bind proteins starting with fMet, and use them to initiate the attraction of circulating blood leukocytes and then stimulate microbicidal activities such as phagocytosis.
Since fMet is present in proteins made by mitochondria and chloroplasts, more recent theories do not see it as a molecule that the immune system can use to distinguish self from non-self. Instead, fMet-containing oligopeptides and proteins appear to be released by the mitochondria of damaged tissues as well as by damaged bacteria, and can thus qualify as an "alarm" signal, as discussed in the Danger model of immunity. The prototypical fMet-containing oligopeptide is N-formylmethionine-leucyl-phenylalanine (FMLP) which activates leukocytes and other cell types by binding with these cells' formyl peptide receptor 1 (FPR1) and formyl peptide receptor 2 (FPR2) G protein coupled receptors (see also formyl peptide receptor 3). Acting through these receptors, the fMet-containing oligopeptides and proteins are part of the innate immune system; they function to initiate acute inflammation responses but under other conditions function to inhibit and resolve these responses. fMet-containing oligopeptides and proteins also function in other physiological and pathological responses.
See also
Formyl peptide receptor 1
Formyl peptide receptor 2
Formyl peptide receptor 3
References
External links
Amino acid derivatives
Sulfur amino acids
Formamides
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3988872
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kristin%20Nelson
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Kristin Nelson
|
Sharon Kristin Nelson (née Harmon; June 25, 1945 – April 27, 2018) was an American primitive painter, actress, and author, once married to the actor and musician Ricky Nelson.
Early life
Nelson was the daughter of American football star Tom Harmon and actress/model Elyse Knox. Her younger siblings are model-actress Kelly Harmon and actor Mark Harmon.
She attended Marymount High School, an all-girls Catholic school in Bel Air, along with other children of celebrities including Mia Farrow, who was one of her closest school friends.
In 1963, at age 17, she married teen idol Ricky Nelson and gave birth to their first child six months later.
Career
Acting
Following her marriage to Rick in 1963, she joined him and his family on their television show The Adventures of Ozzie and Harriet as a regular cast member, first appearing in the episode "Rick's Wedding Ring".
In 1965, she co-starred with Rick in the romantic comedy Love and Kisses, in which they demonstrate the troubles of a young couple of school age who get married—an "inspired casting", according to one critic.
She also played police officer Jim Reed's wife Jean on Adam-12, guest-starred on other series and appeared in a few theatrical films, including The Resurrection of Broncho Billy, which won an Academy Award for best live-action short film. She retired from acting in 1982 following Liar's Moon.
Art
Nelson had painted since the age of 17, and had her first one-woman art show in 1967. Her work, which was described as "widely acclaimed", is in the primitive genre, and has been likened to that of Grandma Moses. Her oil paintings sold for up to $5,000 in the 1970s.
Nelson's brightly colored primitives found favor with Jacqueline Kennedy, Mia Farrow, Tyne Daly, Dwight Yoakam and other celebrities. Her art career received a boost when Kennedy purchased her painting When the Kennedys Were in the White House.
Her paintings are conceived without perspective and are brightly colored with many figures included. Judy Blundell said, "Any symbolism is straightforward and honest. As an artist she is not concerned with being clever or elusive; she is simply using her talent as a means of true visual documentation." Subjects include When the Kennedys Were in the White House (1964) and The Day He Died (1990), a memorial to her father painted on a window frame that depicts a country church and rain clouds. In 1999, her paintings were published in a coffee-table-sized autobiography, Out of My Mind. The paintings document her life story and are supplemented with diary entries and poems.
In 1988, Nelson met the director-producer Mark Tinker, who asked her what she wanted to do with her life. She told him, "I want to paint."
Personal life
Marriage to Rick Nelson
Nelson first met Ricky Nelson when she was "just another 12-year-old fan" of his. They began dating on Christmas Day 1961, when she was 16 and Rick was 21. A year later, the couple announced their engagement. They were married on April 20, 1963 in a Catholic ceremony at St. Martin of Tours Catholic Church in Los Angeles. Nelson was pregnant, and Rick later described the union as a "shotgun wedding". Rick, a non-practicing Protestant, received instruction in Catholicism before the wedding and signed a pledge to have any children of the union baptized in the Catholic faith.
The couple went on to have three more children, but their extravagant lifestyle forced Rick to tour for long periods, placing great pressure on the marriage. By 1975, the Nelsons were on the verge of breaking up. When Rick returned from a tour in 1977, he discovered Nelson had moved him out of their home and into a rented house. Less than a month later, she found him there with two Los Angeles Rams cheerleaders. Rick later claimed that she had set him up to use the incident against him in court.
In October 1977, Nelson filed for divorce and asked for alimony, custody of their four children and a portion of community property, but the couple temporarily reconciled.
In April 1980, the couple bought Errol Flynn's 1941 Mulholland Drive estate for $750,000. Nelson wanted Rick to give up music, spend more time at home, and focus on acting, but Rick continued touring relentlessly. The dispute over Nelson's career created unpleasantness at home.
In October 1980, Nelson again filed for divorce. Attempts to negotiate a preliminary settlement agreement were unsuccessful. In February 1981, Nelson was temporarily granted custody of the children and $3,600 monthly spousal support. Rick was required to pay family expenses such as property taxes, medical bills, and school tuition.
Nelson claimed that Rick was hiding assets, but in fact he was almost broke. Each accused the other of drug and alcohol abuse and of being a poor parent. After two years of acrimony, the couple was divorced in December 1982. The divorce was financially devastating for Rick, with attorneys and accountants taking more than $1 million.
Speaking in a 1998 documentary about the Nelson family, Ozzie and Harriet: The Adventures of America's Favorite Family, Nelson said of her marriage to Rick: "I spent my whole life fighting the fairy tale. First trying to be it, then trying to tell the truth."
Children
Kristin and Rick Nelson had four children. Their first, daughter Tracy, was born six months after the wedding on October 25, 1963 at St. John's Hospital in Santa Monica, California. She weighed four pounds, one ounce, and was slightly premature. As a preschooler, Tracy appeared in Yours, Mine, and Ours with Lucille Ball. In her teens, she attended the exclusive Westlake School for Girls. During her parents' marital difficulties, she stayed with her father at the Mulholland Drive house. Tracy went on to become a professional dancer as well as a successful film and television actress.
Twin sons Gunnar Eric Nelson and Matthew Gray Nelson were born on September 20, 1967. They moved in with their father as soon as they turned 18, three months before his tragic death. Shortly after, they formed the band Nelson, which is still active.
Their fourth child, Sam Hilliard Nelson, was born on August 29, 1974. At six years of age he was placed in the care of his maternal grandparents and became the subject of a custody battle between Nelson and her brother Mark Harmon in 1987. Sam earned a degree in psychology and a minor in film from Boston College and has been working in the music business.
After Rick Nelson's death in a plane crash in 1985, his four children inherited what was left of his estate.
Custody case
In 1987, two years after Rick's death, Nelson was undergoing drug rehabilitation when her brother Mark Harmon and his wife Pam Dawber petitioned for custody of Kristin's youngest son Sam, on the grounds that Kristin was incapable of good parenting. Sam's psychiatrist testified that the 13-year-old boy depicted his mother as a dragon and complained about her mood swings and how she prevented him from being with his siblings. During his parents' divorce battle between 1980 and 1982, Sam was under the care of his aunt Kelly before moving in with his grandparents for 18 months and eventually going to live with Harmon and his family.
Harmon dropped the custody petition after his sister made allegations of cocaine use by Dawber. Nelson retained custody, although Harmon was granted visitation rights. Nelson, her brother Mark and her son Sam also agreed to enter family therapy.
Marriage to Mark Tinker
Nelson married TV producer and director Mark Tinker in 1988; they divorced in 2000. After the divorce, Nelson moved to Santa Fe, New Mexico.
Death
On May 1, 2018, Nelson's daughter Tracy confirmed on Facebook that her mother had died suddenly of a heart attack at her home in Santa Fe, New Mexico, on April 27, 2018. Tracy wrote, "her heaven would be her dogs, sushi, and a Santa Fe sky."
References
External links
Filmography for Kristin Nelson at The New York Times
"Broncho Billy" (1970) short film
1945 births
2018 deaths
American film actresses
Place of birth missing
American artists
American television actresses
American memoirists
Place of death missing
American women memoirists
21st-century American women
People from Burbank, California
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3988885
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sixth%20in%20Sixes
|
Sixth in Sixes
|
Sixth in Sixes is the second studio album by the rock band XBXRX. It was released in 2005 through Polyvinyl Records. The follow-up to 2001's Gop Ist Minee, the record quickly earned underground acclaim and gained such notable fans as Peaches and Sonic Youth.
Track listing
All songs by XBXRX
"Paradosis" – 0:15
"Deaf Ears, Silent Voice" – 1:32
"Gold Cross" – 1:52
"Regret" – 1:25
"Fabricated Progression" – 1:05
"Hope Until We Can't" – 1:23
"Euphoria" – 0:31
"The End of Quitting" – 0:53
"Deceiver's Voice" – 1:31
"Beat Rolls On" – 2:21
"Pigs Wear Blue" – 1:28
"Sixth Extinction" – 1:16
"Breathing" – 1:29
"Against the Odds" – 1:54
"Self Indulgent" – 0:56
"Self Concept" – 1:48
"Make Force" – 1:11
"In Memory of Our Lives" – 2:46
2005 albums
XBXRX albums
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3988887
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chris%20Madsen
|
Chris Madsen
|
Chris Madsen (February 25, 1851 – January 9, 1944) was a lawman of the Old West who is best known as being one of The Three Guardsmen, the name given to Madsen and two other Deputy US Marshals who were responsible for the apprehension and/or killing of several outlaws of that era. The Three Guardsmen consisted of Madsen, Bill Tilghman, and Heck Thomas.
Background
Chris Madsen was born Christen Madsen Rørmose in Denmark. After his graduation from Kauslunde Agricultural School, the bright young man started a criminal career, resulting in several convictions for fraud and forgery. Upon emigrating to the United States in 1876, he dropped the last name, Rørmose. He later claimed to have been a soldier in the Danish Army and the French Foreign Legion. Arriving in New York City, Madsen enlisted in the U.S. Army on January 21, 1876, and served fifteen years in the Fifth Cavalry. He was quartermaster sergeant of the Fifth Cavalry and fought in many major Indian campaigns. Later, in 1883, he became President Chester A. Arthur's guide to Yellowstone.
Law career
Discharged on January 10, 1891, Madsen became a deputy U.S. marshal under Marshal William Grimes in Oklahoma Territory. He had joined the US Marshals as a Deputy Marshal with the priority of policing the vast Oklahoma Territory. Over 300 outlaws were either apprehended or killed by Madsen, Thomas and Tilghman, thus leading to their nickname, The Three Guardsmen. The three lawmen were largely responsible for bringing down outlaw Bill Doolin and his Doolin Dalton gang. Madsen was personally responsible for the killings of Doolin gang members Dan "Dynamite Dick" Clifton, George "Red Buck" Waightman, and Richard "Little Dick" West.
In 1898, he joined Theodore Roosevelt's Rough Riders, serving as Quartermaster Sergeant. After the Spanish–American War, Madsen returned to Indian Territory and served as deputy U.S. marshal. In 1911 he was appointed U.S. Marshal for the entire state of Oklahoma. While in his sixties he was appointed Chief of Police for Oklahoma City. From 1918 to 1922 he served as a special investigator for the governor of Oklahoma. He eventually settled in Guthrie, Oklahoma, and at the outset of World War I he tried to enlist in the U.S. Army but was rejected due to his age.
Personal life
He was married to Margaret Bell Morris (1871-1898). They were the parents of Marion (1889) and Christian (1890). Chris Madsen died at the age of ninety-two in Guthrie, Oklahoma and was buried in the Frisco Cemetery in Yukon, Oklahoma.
See also
The Passing of the Oklahoma Outlaws
References
Additional Sources
Croy, Homer (1958) Trigger Marshal: The Story of Chris Madsen (New York: Duell, Sloan and Pearce)
Samuelson, Nancy B. (1998) Shoot From The Lip: The Lives, Legends, and Lies of the Three Guardsmen of Oklahoma and U.S. Marshal Nix (Eastford, Conn.: Shooting Star Press)
Reasoner, James (2003) Draw: The Greatest Gunfighters of the American West (Penguin Putnam Inc; Berkley Trade)
Andersen, Frans Ørsted (2018) Et liv på kanten. En biografisk fortælling om Chris Madsens utrolige liv (Denmark, Mellemgaard Publisher)
Andersen, Frans Ørsted (2019) "Chris Madsen: 1876 A Transformative Year''. In: Wild West History Association Journal. Number 2, June 2019.
External links
Life of Chris Madsen on history website of Aarhus University, Denmark (in Danish): Chris Madsen 1851–1944
1851 births
1944 deaths
Danish emigrants to the United States
Danish soldiers
Lawmen of the American Old West
People from Guthrie, Oklahoma
Rough Riders
Soldiers of the French Foreign Legion
United States Army soldiers
United States Marshals
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3988889
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gabriele%20Mirabassi
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Gabriele Mirabassi
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Gabriele Mirabassi is an Italian jazz clarinetist.
Career
He was born in Perugia and is a graduate of the Morlacchi Conservatory. His teacher told him avoid playing jazz because it would damage his technique, so at home he learned jazz on the piano, playing along to his father's records. In his teens he performed locally on piano. He has been a member of the Rabih Abou-Khalil group. In 2013, he performed with harpist Edmar Castañeda at festivals in France and at a choro event in Brazil.
Discography
Fiabe (Egea, 1995)
Cambaluc (Egea, 1997)
Velho Retrato (Egea, 1999)
Lo Stortino (Egea, 2000)
Luna Park (Egea, 2000)
1–0 (Una a Zero) (Egea, 2001)
Fuori le Mura, (Egea, 2003)
Graffiando Vento (Dunya, 2007)
Canto di Ebano (Egea, 2008)
Chamber Songs (CAM Jazz, 2019)
With Rabih Abou-Khalil
The Cactus of Knowledge (Enja, 2001)
Morton's Foot (Enja, 2003)
References
1967 births
Living people
People from Perugia
21st-century clarinetists
Italian clarinetists
Italian jazz musicians
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5379817
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Julien%20Benneteau
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Julien Benneteau
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Julien Henry Guy Benneteau-Desgrois (; born 20 December 1981) is a French retired professional tennis player. His career-high singles ranking is ATP world no. 25, which he reached in November 2014. He formerly resided in Boulogne-Billancourt and now lives in Geneva. Benneteau did not win a singles title, although he finished as runner-up in ten ATP tournaments (holding match point in the 2013 Kuala Lumpur final). He reached the quarterfinals of the 2006 French Open and the semifinals of the 2014 Cincinnati Masters and 2017 Paris Masters (the latter as a wildcard).
Benneteau also had success in doubles, winning the bronze medal in men's doubles at the 2012 London Olympics (partnering Richard Gasquet) and the 2014 French Open men's doubles title with fellow Frenchman Édouard Roger-Vasselin, thus becoming the first team from France to win the men's doubles discipline in 30 years (after Yannick Noah and Henri Leconte did it in 1984). He reached his career-high doubles ranking of world no. 5 in November 2014.
Benneteau intended to retire from professional tennis after the 2018 US Open. However, due to an injury crisis he was asked by captain Yannick Noah to represent France in the Davis Cup semifinal in September 2018 against Spain. Benneteau teamed up with Nicolas Mahut to secure a decisive victory that took France to an unassailable 3-0 lead against Spain and into the final of the 2018 Davis Cup.
Benneteau subsequently played several further events in singles and doubles, concluding his professional career on home soil at the Paris Masters.
Tennis career
Junior career
In the 1999 Orange Bowl Benneteau won the Boys 16s double title.
As a junior, Benneteau reached as high as no. 17 in the world in 1999, and no. 1 in doubles.
He won US Open Junior with Nicolas Mahut in 1999.
Professional career
At the 2006 French Open, Benneteau reached the quarterfinals by defeating Janko Tipsarević, Australian Open finalist Marcos Baghdatis, Radek Štěpánek, and Alberto Martín. There, he was defeated in straight sets by fourth-seeded Ivan Ljubičić of Croatia.
The Frenchman finished the 2008 season in the top 50 for the second time in three years. During the season, he reached two ATP finals, at Casablanca, where he lost to fellow countryman Gilles Simon, and in his final tournament of the season at Lyon, where he lost to Robin Söderling.
In May 2009, he entered the Interwetten Austrian Open in Kitzbühel as a lucky loser and reached his third career final, falling to Spain's Guillermo García-López.
In the quarterfinals of the 2009 Western & Southern Financial Group Masters, he played a remarkable 53-shot rally with the then world no. 2 Andy Murray in the second set of a three-set loss. He lost the rally when he smashed a lob that grazed the net and went wide.
His best career victory was undoubtedly achieved on 11 November 2009 at the 2009 Paris Masters, when he scored a huge upset over world no. 1 Roger Federer in the second round in front of his home crowd.
He reached the third round of the 2012 French Open, losing to world no. 8 Janko Tipsarević.
In the third round of Wimbledon 2012, Benneteau led Federer by two sets before eventually being defeated in five sets. In the 2012 Olympics in London, he captured the bronze medal in doubles with Richard Gasquet.
At the 2013 ABN AMRO Open in Rotterdam, Benneteau again beat top seed and defending champion Federer in the quarterfinals. He beat compatriot Gilles Simon in the semifinals, but was not able to overcome Juan Martín del Potro in the final, disappointingly failing yet again to clinch a title. During the clay season, he beat Nicolás Almagro at the Rome Masters, but lost to Benoit Paire in the second round. At Roland Garros he was 30th seed, he lost in the third round to Roger Federer.
At the Eastbourne grass tournament, the Frenchman beat Kevin Anderson in the first round, but lost to Bernard Tomic in the second round. At Wimbledon, he lost to Fernando Verdasco in the second round. Benneteau was defeated by Andy Murray in the third round of the Cincinnati Masters. At the US Open, he defeated Jérémy Chardy in the second round, but lost to Tomáš Berdych in the third round.
Benneteau reached the final of the 2013 Malaysian Open for the second year running after beating Stan Wawrinka, but was once again beaten in the final, this time by unseeded João Sousa in three sets. He had won the first set and was within a game of winning the title at 5-4 in the second set. At Valencia he won over Feliciano López in the first round, but lost to David Ferrer in the second round. He collected first-round losses at the Shanghai and Paris Masters.
In the 2014 season, Benneteau beat Jo-Wilfried Tsonga and Feliciano López to reach the Indian Wells Masters quarterfinals, where he lost to Novak Djokovic. At the Miami Masters, he won over Ernests Gulbis, but was defeated by Tommy Robredo. During the clay season, he claimed the Bordeaux Challenger, but lost to Facundo Bagnis in the first round of Roland Garros. At Eastbourne, Benneteau took wins over Yen-Hsun Lu and Gilles Simon, after which he lost to Sam Querrey in the quarterfinals. At Wimbledon, he again lost in the first round to Gilles Müller.
The Frenchman began the 2014 US Open Series with a second-round loss in Washington. At the Canada Masters, he defeated Lleyton Hewitt and Ernests Gulbis to reach the third round, where he was defeated by local Milos Raonic. Benneteau upset Stan Wawrinka to reach the Cincinnati Masters semifinals, where he lost to David Ferrer. At the US Open, he lost in the first round to Benoît Paire.
At the 2014 Malaysian Open, Benneteau defeated Pablo Cuevas in the quarterfinals and Ernests Gulbis in the semifinals to reach the finals for the third consecutive year where he unfortunately lost again, to Kei Nishikori.
At the Paris Masters in 2017, he reached the Semi-finals where he lost to Jack Sock.
At the 2018 Australian Open he reached the third round where he lost to Fabio Fognini. At the 2018 French Open, he beat Leonardo Mayer before losing to fifth seed Juan Martín del Potro in the second round.
Benneteau is also currently the Fed Cup Captain for France.
Significant finals
Grand Slam finals
Doubles: 2 (1 title, 1 runner-up)
Masters 1000 finals
Doubles: 6 (2 titles, 4 runners-up)
Olympic medal matches
Doubles: 1 (1 bronze medal)
ATP career finals
Singles: 10 (10 runners-up)
Doubles: 21 (12 titles, 9 runner-ups)
Performance timelines
Singles
Doubles
Record against top 10 players
Benneteau's match record against those who have been ranked in the top 10, with those who have been No. 1 in boldface
Jürgen Melzer 6–2
Marcos Baghdatis 5–2
David Ferrer 5–6
Jo-Wilfried Tsonga 5–6
Ernests Gulbis 4–0
Gilles Simon 4–6
Radek Štěpánek 3–2
Arnaud Clément 3–2
Stan Wawrinka 3–1
Kevin Anderson 3–1
Nicolas Almagro 3–3
Rainer Schüttler 2–1
David Goffin 2–1
Pablo Carreno Busta 2–1
Lleyton Hewitt 2–2
James Blake 2–2
Grigor Dimitrov 2–3
Tomáš Berdych 2–3
Ivan Ljubičić 2–4
Robin Söderling 2–4
Gaël Monfils 2–4
Mikhail Youzhny 2–4
Roger Federer 2–6
Tommy Robredo 2–6
Dominic Thiem 1–0
Mark Philippoussis 1–0
Nicolas Massu 1–0
Nikolay Davydenko 1–1
Jonas Björkman 1–1
Jack Sock 1–1
Janko Tipsarević 1–2
Fernando González 1–2
Juan Carlos Ferrero 1–2
Rafael Nadal 1–3
Marin Čilić 1–3
Milos Raonic 1–3
Mardy Fish 1–3
Lucas Pouille 1–3
Kei Nishikori 1–4
Novak Djokovic 1–6
Andy Roddick 1–5
Andre Agassi 0–1
Carlos Moyá 0–1
Guillermo Coria 0–1
Thomas Enqvist 0–1
Jiří Novák 0–1
Gaston Gaudio 0–1
Nicolas Lapentti 0–1
John Isner 0–1
Joachim Johansson 0–1
Juan Monaco 0–1
Marat Safin 0–2
Tommy Haas 0–2
Alexander Zverev 0–2
David Nalbandian 0–2
Sébastien Grosjean 0–2
Nicolas Kiefer 0–2
Juan Martín del Potro 0–3
Mario Ančić 0–3
Richard Gasquet 0–4
Andy Murray 0–5
Fernando Verdasco 0–5
* Statistics correct as of 12 June 2018.
Top 10 wins
He has an 18–50 (.265) record against players who were, at the time the match was played, ranked in the top 10.
References
External links
Benneteau World Ranking History
1981 births
Living people
French expatriate sportspeople in Switzerland
French male tennis players
Sportspeople from Boulogne-Billancourt
Sportspeople from Bourg-en-Bresse
Sportspeople from Geneva
US Open (tennis) champions
US Open (tennis) junior champions
Tennis players at the 2012 Summer Olympics
Olympic tennis players of France
Olympic medalists in tennis
Olympic bronze medalists for France
Medalists at the 2012 Summer Olympics
Knights of the National Order of Merit (France)
French Open champions
Grand Slam (tennis) champions in men's doubles
Grand Slam (tennis) champions in boys' doubles
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3988891
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linia%20Hutnicza%20Szerokotorowa
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Linia Hutnicza Szerokotorowa
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Broad Gauge Metallurgy Line (, LHS; officially Railway Line no. 65) is the longest broad gauge railway line in Poland. Except for this line and a few very short stretches near border crossings, Poland uses standard gauge. The single-track line runs for almost 400 km from the Polish-Ukrainian border crossing, just east of Hrubieszów, to Sławków Południowy (near Katowice). It is used only for freight, mainly iron ore (more than 50% of the volume of all goods transported), coal, petrochemical products, minerals and timber. It is the westernmost direct connection to the broad-gauge network of the former Soviet Union.
The line is operated by PKP Linia Hutnicza Szerokotorowa.
History
In the 1970s the new giant Katowice Steelworks, then in its most prosperous period, required great quantities of iron ore. The main source was mines near Kryvyi Rih (then in the USSR, now in Ukraine), from where it was transported by rail via Medyka, Przemyśl, and Tarnów to Jaworzno Szczakowa. This line had inadequate capacity to carry the traffic.
PKP considered two options: to expand existing transshipment facilities at the border (the break of gauge point) and to upgrade existing railway line to three or even four tracks to allow more freight to be carried, or to build a new broad-gauge line to ease transit across the border. The latter was chosen, the advantages cited were that the newly-designed line could be built to accommodate the heaviest trains allowed to run on broad gauge network, there would be no need for an unfreezing facility at the border (in winters ore arrived frozen solid, presenting a challenge at the transshipment facility) and PKP needed not to use own wagons to transport the goods on the Polish network as the Soviet wagons would be used for the entire transport. A broad gauge line with direct connection to the Soviet railway network also was of strategic importance, allowing Soviet troops to be quickly deployed closer to the iron curtain. The new line was designed by CBSiPBK (Central Bureau for Railway Construction Designs and Studies) in Warsaw, Józef Skorupski was the general designer, Twenty-one other design bureaus, eight geological companies and three technical universities took part in the project.
The line was built partly alongside existing standard-gauge lines which facilitated the construction works. To save costs, the line was routed through Roztocze National Park despite intensive lobbying by the park management.
The line opened in 1979 and was used to import iron ore from the USSR and export coal and sulfur. After the fall of communism and the economic changes of 1989, traffic greatly diminished. In 1994 export of sulfur stopped. Various schemes are being tried to increase its profitability, such as offering transport and forwarding services to all interested customers, leasing of commercial space and some rolling stock maintenance.
In the 1990s the LHS line was used by long-distance passenger trains to Russia and Ukraine. Initially, it was one pair of fast trains from Moscow to , running every other day. In 1993, two pairs of trains Lviv – and Moscow – Zamość North were added. In 1994, passenger trains on the LHS line ran only once a week on the route Kharkiv – Olkusz. Since the mid-90s, passenger trains have run sporadically as special trains.
In 2000 a new company within the PKP group, PKP Linia Hutnicza Szerokotorowa, was established to manage the line.
On 5 January 2020 the first intermodal container train from China used the line to reach the Sławków terminal, after travelling the route from Xi'an via Kazakhstan, Russia and Ukraine over 12 days. The company operating the line hopes that regular connections with China are established, taking advantage of the fact that its wide-gauge permits quick crossing of the border between Poland and Ukraine.
The company is in the process of installing warning lights (and, in some cases, barriers) at level crossings, extending the Hrubieszów LHS station and upgrading the train control systems. The works are due to be completed by the end of 2025.
Since the 28th of February, 2022 special passenger trains carrying refugees from Ukraine following the Russian invasion on their country are being run to Olkusz, where a tent town has been established to accommodate them before they continue travel by standard gauge rail or by road.
Names
The original, 1970s name was (Metallurgy-Sulphur Line), shortened to LHS.
Sometime in the 1990s, the name was changed to (Broad Gauge Metallurgy Line). The new name retained the well-established acronym LHS but dropped the Sulphur part, as sulphur is no longer traded between Poland and the East.
Facilities and rolling stock
There are 10 goods stations on the line: Hrubieszów LHS, Zamość Bortatycze LHS, Szczebrzeszyn LHS, Zwierzyniec Towarowy, Biłgoraj LHS, Wola Baranowska LHS, Staszów LHS, Gołuchów LHS, Sędziszów LHS, Sławków LHS. There is a bogie exchange facility at Sędziszów LHS and a SUW 2000 gauge changing facility at Zamość Bortatycze LHS. Zamość Bortatycze LHS is also home to a locomotive depot and at Sędziszów LHS there is a wagon depot. There are two sidings: one at Sławków LHS to the iron ore unloading facility, owned and operated by Katowice Steelworks, and another, unused since 1994, at Grzybów to the Siarkopol sulphur mine. In 1990s there existed also two passenger stations at Zamość Północny and Olkusz. Near the Sławków LHS station there exists Euroterminal Sławków, a major intermodal terminal, owned and operated by PKP Cargo. It is the westernmost point of the Russian gauge railway network.
A new goods station is being built on the site of former passenger stop Zamość Północ, to be named Zamość Majdan.
LHS owns a number of M62 (classed ST44) and TEM2 (classed SM48) diesel locomotives, a number of them underwent comprehensive rebuilding to types 311Da (classed ST40s) and 16D (classed ST48), respectively. The company owns a number of wagons but mostly operates rolling stock by foreign customers (Belarusian, Russian and Ukrainian).
Future proposals
Electrification at 25 kV AC (system to be used on the connecting Ukrainian railway line) or 3 kV DC (nationwide system in Poland). The section from the border to will be electrified first in conjunction with the electrification of the connecting border – Izov – Kovel line in Ukraine. Despite Polish standard voltage is 3kV DC, broad-gauge lines in Poland should choose 25kV 50Hz AC to avoid inconvenient voltage change requirement. This situation cannot cope for Kosice-Vienna broad-gauge line which requiring voltage change twice (from Kyiv to Vienna, 25kV AC-3kV DC-25kV AC).
Track doubling on the entire route.
Siding lengthening on the every stations and yards.
Rebuild overhead bridges (to make wider and higher clearances) and realignment of the adjacent standard gauge tracks.
Extension from to Gliwice or Kędzierzyn-Koźle. Eventually as far to Hamburg, Rotterdam and Amsterdam.
New intermodal terminals. One will be built at .
Acquisition of 200 80-ft container flat wagons.
Proposed route extension
Slawkow - Gliwice - Gorlitz - Jena - Paderborn - Oberhausen - Emmerich - Amsterdam
Reconstruction of Betuweroute (to Rotterdam)
branch to Hamburg
Ukrainian border - Chelm - Lublin - Bialystok - Suwalki - Mockai (Lithuania)
branch to Gdansk Port
Lublin - Kalisz - Berlin
Proposed upgrade technical specifications
Electrification voltge: 25kV 50Hz AC overhead lines
Minimum overhead wiring height: 6.75m above rail
Normal overhead wiring height: 7.1m above rail
Minimum track center spacing: 4.7m (for the straight lines)
Minimum length of the sidings/passing loops: 1500m
See also
Uzhhorod–Košice broad-gauge track
Rail transport in Poland
References
External links
LHS fan website
Euroterminal Sławków
Polish State Railways
1520 mm gauge railways in Poland
Poland–Soviet Union relations
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5379819
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Times-Union%20Center%20for%20the%20Performing%20Arts
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Times-Union Center for the Performing Arts
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The Times-Union Center for the Performing Arts (TUCPA) (originally the Civic Auditorium and commonly known as the Times Union Center) is a performing arts center located in Jacksonville, Florida. Situated along the Riverbank, the venue is known as the First Coast’s "premiere riverfront entertainment facility". Originally opening in 1962, the facility was renovated beginning in 1995 until 1997; with a grand re-opening on February 8, 1997. The center consists of three venues: a theatre; concert hall and recital hall. It is home to the Jacksonville Symphony, Jacksonville Symphony Youth Orchestra, and the FSCJ Artist Series.
History
Commissioned in 1955, the City of Jacksonville approved a new civic auditorium and a municipal coliseum, to help brighten the scenery around the riverfront. In 1957, the site was purchased from the Seaboard Air Line Railroad. At the same time, Mayor W. Haydon Burns successfully lobbied the Atlantic Coast Line Railroad to move its headquarters from North Carolina to Jacksonville. Thus, construction began on the auditorium and the Atlantic Coastline Building (now CSX Building) both began in 1957.
On December 7, 1957, the Seaboard Docks were demolished to make way for the forthcoming auditorium. The site was prepared via bulk heading the shoreline of the St. Johns River. This involved walling out the shoreline and adding fill dirt. The original site of the municipal coliseum (now where the Jacksonville Landing sits) was moved further along the riverbank and opened in 1960 along with the Atlantic Coastline Building. The Civic Auditorium was opened on September 16, 1962, with a performance by the Jacksonville Symphony Orchestra. The center served as a replacement for the aging Duval County Armory and became the preferred mid-sized concert venue alongside the Florida Theatre. The civic auditorium consisted of the main auditorium, "Exhibition Hall" and the "Little Theater".
By the 1990s, the auditorium developed a bad reputation amongst music acts. Like the coliseum, the venue was known for its poor acoustics. This caused many concerts to be moved to Tallahassee or Gainesville. In 1993, Mayor Ed Austin proposed the River City Renaissance Plan. A portion of the $235 million bond was allocated to the renovation of the facility and the construction of a new convention center, replacing the underused Prime F. Osborn III Convention Center (although this did not come to fruition).
Construction began in 1995. It was headed by KBJ Architects, Rothman, Rothman & Heineman, Kirkegaard Associates and Jones & Phillips Associates, Inc. The original auditorium was gutted and divided into three facilities. In 1994, local newspaper, The Florida Times-Union, purchased naming rights for $3 million. The renovated facility also included a lounge, art gallery and lobby. The lobby areas included marble column (dating back to 1913) from the Barnett National Bank Building and art from the Museum of Contemporary Art Jacksonville.
The center reopened on February 8, 1997, with a performance by the FSCJ Artist Series.
Venues
Moran Theater
The Jim & Jan Moran Theater is a theatre and main performance venue of the center. The theater was specifically designed for theatrical and musical performances. All genres from rock to gospel have performed at the theater. Since 2006, the Jim & Jan Moran Theatre has been the home of Extraganza, an annual talent showcase by the students of Douglas Anderson School of the Arts. The theater replaced the main auditorium and can seat nearly 3,000.
Jacoby Symphony Hall
The Robert E. Jacoby Symphony Hall (former known as the Robert E. Jacoby Theater) is a concert hall primarily used for orchestral performances. The hall is modeled after the Wiener Musikverein in Vienna, Austria. It is designed in a shoebox shape, similar to many European venues. It is known as a pure concert hall, providing an intimate setting with no stage curtains, orchestra pit, fly space or backstage wings. It houses the Bryan Concert organ, which is a rebuilt Casavant pipe organ. It is the home to the Jacksonville Symphony Orchestra and the Jacksonville Symphony Youth Orchestra. Seating over 1,700 guests, it also used as an intimate concert venue. It replaced the Exhibition Hall.
Terry Theater
The C. Herman & Mary Virginia Terry Theater is a recital hall primary used for poetry readings, dance recitals and comedy shows. The venue seats over 600 guests. It replaced the Little Theater.
See also
List of concert halls
References
Music venues in Florida
Concert halls in Florida
KBJ Architects buildings
Event venues established in 1962
Performing arts centers in Florida
Theatres in Jacksonville, Florida
Theatres in Florida
Downtown Jacksonville
Northbank, Jacksonville
1962 establishments in Florida
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3988892
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raudon%C4%97
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Raudonė
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Raudonė (Samogitian: Rauduonė; ) is a town on the Nemunas River in Tauragė County, Lithuania. The town is primarily known for its castle (Raudonė Castle) and a large park complex.
History
Raudonė has been traditionally identified as the location of Bayerburg, a castle of the Teutonic Order during the Lithuanian Crusade. A local legend claims that when Gediminas, Grand Duke of Lithuania, attacked the fortress in 1337, he was mortally wounded under the oak tree now known as the Gediminas Oak. However, there is no proof, either from historical record or archaeological research, that a castle stood there before the 16th century.
In the 16th century, Raudonė Castle belonged to King Sigismund II Augustus of Poland. A new castle was built on the ruins of the old one by a German knight, Hieronymus Krispin-Kirschenstein. The castle has since been rebuilt many times. The 18th century Polish owners of the Rudonė estate, the family Olędzki (Olendzki) h. Rawicz (members of szlachta, general sejm and senate) commissioned Laurynas Gucevičius with a renovation of the castle. The next owner, the Russian Prince Platon Zubov, acquired the estate in the first half of the 19th century and his family transformed the castle yet again. Their architect was Cesare Anichini (Cezaris Anikinis). Today the building is an example of 19th century neo-Gothic architecture. Its last private owners were Sophia Waxell (a Zubov) and her Portuguese husband from Madeira, José Carlos de Faria e Castro.
The original castle of Raudonė is the setting of an East Prussian legend known as Die weiße Jungfrau der Bayerburg ("The White Maiden of Bayerburg").
References
Polski słownik biograficzny / komitet redakcyjny Władysław Konopczynski ... [et al.]. Publisher Kraków : Skład główny w ksieg. Gebethnera i Wolffa, 1935-. (set)
Jurbarkas District Municipality
Towns in Lithuania
Towns in Tauragė County
Kovensky Uyezd
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5379853
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ryan%20Murphy%20%28footballer%29
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Ryan Murphy (footballer)
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Ryan Murphy (born 24 May 1985) is an Australian rules footballer who played forward for the Fremantle Dockers in the Australian Football League.
He was drafted to Fremantle in the 2003 AFL Draft at selection 12. As a junior, he played for the Gippsland Power in the Victorian TAC Cup competition and was regarded as an accurate goal kicker. He was twice named All-Australian at under-18 level.
After playing well for the South Fremantle Football Club in the WAFL in 2004, Murphy made his debut in Round 16 against Adelaide in Fremantle's first ever win over Adelaide at Football Park. However he was not given much gametime and ended the match without registering any possessions. He was retained for the following week's game against Sydney, but after again not scoring, he was dropped back to South Fremantle for the remainder of the season. At South he excelled and won the club goalkicking award with 51 goals from 17 matches.
2005 saw Murphy play 10 AFL games for nine goals, but was not able to cement a permanent position in the Fremantle team. He continued to do well for South Fremantle and was a member of their 2005 premiership winning side. In mid-2005 Murphy extended his contract with Fremantle to the end of the 2008 season.
2006 was Ryan's best season in the AFL, scoring 22.8 including a high of 5 goals against Carlton. In the following four seasons he struggled to maintain a position in the side and was often dropped to the WAFL due to poor form. A notable case of this occurred in 2009 when Murphy was dropped a week after kicking Fremantle’s only goal against Adelaide, in the lowest VFL/AFL score since 1961. After only playing one game for Fremantle in 2010 he was delisted at the end of the season. He won the John Gerovich Trophy in 2007 and 2010 for being the South Fremantle's leading goalkicker.
References
External links
1985 births
Living people
Fremantle Football Club players
South Fremantle Football Club players
Australian rules footballers from Victoria (Australia)
Gippsland Power players
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5379859
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trams%20in%20Caen
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Trams in Caen
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Trams in Caen was the former public transit system serving the city of Caen, France. The original tramway network, operated by Compagnie des tramways électriques de Caen opened in 1901 and closed on 23 January 1937, after which buses took over as the primary means of public transport in Caen (until the 2002 opening of Caen Guided Light Transit).
Public transport began in 1860 with a horse omnibus service, in 1895 the Compagnie des Omnibus et Transports à chevaux was created to provide an organised urban transport service to the inhabitants of Caen.
Network
The network of narrow gauge lines spread over 11 km and all 3 lines opened in 1901, connecting the Route de Falaise (La Guérinière), Caen-Ouest Station, Saint Pierre, Place du Canada (Saint Martin), La Maladrerie and Venoix. The depot was situated on the Eastern side of the Bassin Saint Pierre, in the city centre of Caen, with the tram lines crossing the Calvados' line to Ouistreham.
While the tramway closed on 23 January 1937, the tracks remained for several years after that.
Rolling stock
The company operated a fleet of single car trams as well as trailers.
See also
Caen tramway
Caen
Caen
Caen
Transport in Normandy
Metre gauge railways in France
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5379870
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Death%20Penalty%20%28album%29
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Death Penalty (album)
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Death Penalty is the debut studio album by British heavy metal band Witchfinder General. It was released in 1982 on Heavy Metal Records. The album received some criticism for the cover photograph, which featured topless model Joanne Latham. The photograph had been taken in the yard of St Mary the Blessed Virgin Church in Enville, Staffordshire, without the permission of the local Reverend. The album was originally released on LP and picture disc and was later reissued on CD. Pictured on the cover is Phil Cope, Zeeb Parkes, Graham Ditchfield and a member of their road crew. While Peter Hinton is credited with producing this recording, the writers Phil Cope and Zeeb Parkes always felt the credit should have gone to the engineer Robin George.
Track listing
All tracks by Zeeb Parkes and Phil Cope.
Side one
"Invisible Hate" – 6:05
"Free Country" – 3:10
"Death Penalty" – 5:35
Side two
"No Stayer" – 4:25
"Witchfinder General" – 3:51
"Burning a Sinner" – 3:28
"R.I.P." – 4:04
Personnel
Witchfinder General
Zeeb Parkes – vocals
Phil Cope – guitars, bass (bass credited as Woolfy Trope)
Graham Ditchfield – drums
Production
Pete Hinton – producer
Robin George – engineer
Tim Young – mastering at C.B.S. Studios
Joanne Latham – cover model
References
1982 debut albums
Witchfinder General (band) albums
New Wave of British Heavy Metal albums
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5379879
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Four%20Women%20%28comics%29
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Four Women (comics)
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Four Women is an American five-part limited series published by Homage Comics. Written and drawn by Sam Kieth, it deals with four female friends of varying ages—Donna, Bev, Marion and Cindy—and a road trip during which they are attacked and sexually assaulted by two men. The story mostly takes place in a flashback as Donna recounts the story to her psychiatrist.
Plot
Bev, Donna, Marion and Cindy set out to their friends' wedding in a car. Throughout the book, Donna is restrictive about the details of the encounter when describing it to her psychiatrist. She eventually reveals that Bev was the driver. The vehicle experiences trouble and stalls on a downward sloping road. Two men stop by and instead of getting help, crush the car driving over it then cover the car with a gigantic tarp as a prelude to a sexual assault. Cindy get pinned trying to get out the rear window, her pants pulled down by one of the men with a knife. Marion, who takes a chance to save Cindy gets out of the car, and is attacked and raped. According to Donna, Bev locks the doors and won't let Marion back in, or let anyone out to help. However, a fight ensues and the two men are slain.
The psychiatrist feels that Donna isn't telling the whole story and presses Donna to reveal more. It is then revealed that Donna was the one driving and that she was the one who refused to unlock the doors to save Marion.
References
2001 comics debuts
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5379891
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Izmaylovskoye%20Municipal%20Okrug
|
Izmaylovskoye Municipal Okrug
|
Izmaylovskoye Municipal Okrug () is a municipal okrug of Admiralteysky District of the federal city of St. Petersburg, Russia. Population:
It borders the Fontanka River in the north, Moskovsky Avenue in the east, Malaya Mitrofanevskaya Street in the south, and Mitrofanevskoye Highway and Lermontovsky Avenue in the west.
Places of interest include Warsaw Rail Terminal and the Trinity Cathedral.
References
Admiralteysky District, Saint Petersburg
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5379898
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ryan%20Murphy
|
Ryan Murphy
|
Ryan Murphy may refer to:
Athletes
Ryan Murphy (American football) (born 1992), strong safety for the New York Giants in the National Football League
Ryan Murphy (footballer) (born 1985), Australian rules footballer
Ryan Murphy (ice hockey, born 1979), American ice hockey left wing
Ryan Murphy (ice hockey, born 1983), American ice hockey right wing
Ryan Murphy (ice hockey, born 1993), Canadian ice hockey defensemen
Ryan Murphy (swimmer) (born 1995), American gold medalist in the Summer Olympics and world record holder
Ryan Murphy (baseball) (born 1999), American baseball player
Others
Ryan Murphy (writer) (born 1965), U.S. television writer and series creator
Ryan Murphy (Australian politician) (born 1988)
Ryan T. Murphy (born 1971), Mormon Tabernacle Choir Associate Director
Ryan Murphy (Doctors), a character from Doctors
See also
Ryan Murphey, American musician
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5379904
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Whodunnit%3F%20%28British%20game%20show%29
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Whodunnit? (British game show)
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Whodunnit? was a British television game show that aired on ITV from 15 August 1972 to 26 June 1978. The show originally aired as a pilot and was hosted by Shaw Taylor. It then became a full show, with the first series being hosted by Edward Woodward and then Jon Pertwee took over hosting duties from the second series until the show's end.
Format
Each week it featured a short murder-mystery drama enacted in front of a panel of four celebrity guests who then had to establish who the murderer was.
One week there was a smuggling mystery and no murder.
The panel members could interview the remaining characters, with the proviso that only the guilty party or parties could lie. Each panelist could also request to see a short replay of one section of the initial drama, which would often include events as they occurred and flashbacks as seen and narrated by individual suspects. For series 1, the entire audience also took part in guessing who was guilty (with the winner winning a prop from the set). For series 2 and 3, four members of the audience formed a panel, but did not question the suspects, with the winner taking away a 'Whodunnit?' trophy (a magnifying glass in a frame). For series 4 and 5, the audience panel was dropped and a TV Times competition winner formed part of the main panel (taking away a prop from the set if they won the game). For series 6, they were dropped entirely.
At the end the compere would reveal the guilty (usually a murderer) with the catchphrase "would the real 'Whodunnit' please stand up?".
Sets
Whodunnit? originally adopted a conventional panel-game studio layout, for series 2 some episodes would use the murder scene for the panel part of the show, with this being fully adopted for series 3 onwards
Panel
The panelists included regular members such as Patrick Mower, Anouska Hempel, Liza Goddard, Alfred Marks and Magnus Pyke as many well known celebrities such as Honor Blackman, Sheila Hancock, author Jackie Collins, Billie Whitelaw, Barbara Windsor, Joanna Lumley, Terry Wogan, Lindsay Wagner, Lynsey de Paul and George Sewell.
Transmissions
DVD releases
All six series of Whodunnit? have been released on DVD by Network Distributing.
External links
1970s British game shows
1970s British mystery television series
1972 British television series debuts
1978 British television series endings
British game shows
British panel games
English-language television shows
ITV mystery shows
Television series by Fremantle (company)
Television shows produced by Thames Television
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5379914
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andrew%20Hargreaves%20%28politician%29
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Andrew Hargreaves (politician)
|
Andrew Raikes Hargreaves (born 15 May 1955) is a former British Conservative Party politician.
Having unsuccessfully stood in 1983 for Blyth Valley (which was eventually won by the Conservatives in 2019), Hargreaves was elected Member of Parliament for Birmingham Hall Green in 1987. He lost his seat in the Labour landslide at the 1997 general election on a 14% swing, to Stephen McCabe.
References
External links
1955 births
Living people
Conservative Party (UK) MPs for English constituencies
UK MPs 1987–1992
UK MPs 1992–1997
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3988897
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parallel%20SCSI
|
Parallel SCSI
|
Parallel SCSI (formally, SCSI Parallel Interface, or SPI) is the earliest of the interface implementations in the SCSI family. SPI is a parallel bus; there is one set of electrical connections stretching from one end of the SCSI bus to the other. A SCSI device attaches to the bus but does not interrupt it. Both ends of the bus must be terminated.
SCSI is a peer-to-peer peripheral interface. Every device attaches to the SCSI bus in a similar manner. Depending on the version, up to 8 or 16 devices can be attached to a single bus. There can be multiple hosts and multiple peripheral devices but there should be at least one host. The SCSI protocol defines communication from host to host, host to a peripheral device, and peripheral device to a peripheral device. The Symbios Logic 53C810 chip is an example of a PCI host interface that can act as a SCSI target.
SCSI-1 and SCSI-2 have the option of parity bit error checking. Starting with SCSI-U160 (part of SCSI-3) all commands and data are error checked by a cyclic redundancy check.
History
The first two formal SCSI standards, SCSI-1 and SCSI-2, described parallel SCSI. The SCSI-3 standard then split the framework into separate layers which allowed the introduction of other data interfaces beyond parallel SCSI. The original SCSI-1 version of the parallel bus was 8 bits wide (plus a ninth parity bit). The SCSI-2 standard allowed for faster operation (10 MHz) and wider buses (16-bit or 32-bit). The 16-bit option became the most popular.
At 10 MHz with a bus width of 16 bits it is possible to achieve a data rate of 20 MB/s. Subsequent extensions to the SCSI standard allowed for faster speeds: 20 MHz, 40 MHz, 80 MHz, 160 MHz and finally 320 MHz. At 320 MHz x 16 bits there is a theoretical maximum peak data rate of 640 MB/s.
Due to the technical constraints of a parallel bus system, SCSI has since evolved into faster serial interfaces, mainly Serial Attached SCSI and Fibre Channel. The iSCSI protocol doesn't describe a data interface but uses any IP network, usually run over Ethernet.
Standards
Parallel SCSI is not a single standard, but a suite of closely related standards. There are a dozen SCSI interface names, most with ambiguous wording (like Fast SCSI, Fast Wide SCSI, Ultra SCSI, and Ultra Wide SCSI); three SCSI standards, each of which has a collection of modular, optional features; several different connector types; and three different types of voltage signaling. The leading SCSI card manufacturer, Adaptec, has manufactured over 100 varieties of SCSI cards over the years. In actual practice, many experienced technicians simply refer to SCSI devices by their bus bandwidth (i.e., SCSI 320 or SCSI 160) in Megabytes per second.
, there have only been three SCSI standards: SCSI-1, SCSI-2, and SCSI-3. All SCSI standards have been modular, defining various capabilities that manufacturers can include or not. Individual vendors and the SCSI Trade Association have given names to specific combinations of capabilities. For example, the term Ultra SCSI is not defined anywhere in the standard, but is used to refer to SCSI implementations that signal at twice the rate of Fast SCSI. Such a signaling rate is not compliant with SCSI-2 but is one option allowed by SCSI-3. Similarly, no version of the standard requires low-voltage-differential (LVD) signaling, but products called Ultra-2 SCSI include this capability. This terminology is helpful to consumers because Ultra-2 SCSI device has a better-defined set of capabilities than simply identifying it as SCSI-3.
Starting with SCSI-3, the SCSI standard has been maintained as a loose collection of standards, each defining a certain piece of the SCSI architecture, and bound together by the SCSI Architectural Model. This change divorces SCSI's various interfaces from the SCSI command set, allowing devices that support SCSI commands to use any interface (including ones not otherwise specified by T10), and also allowing the interfaces that are defined by T10 to be used in alternate manners.
No version of the standard has ever specified what kind of SCSI connector should be used. See .
Comparison table
SCSI-1
The original SCSI standard, SCSI-1, was derived from the Shugart Associates System Interface (SASI) and formally adopted in 1986 by ANSI. SCSI-1 features an 8-bit parallel bus (with parity), running asynchronously at 3.5 MB/s, or 5 MB/s in synchronous mode, and a maximum bus cable length of , significantly longer than the limit of the ATA interface also popular at the time. A rarely-seen variation on the original standard featured high-voltage differential signaling and supported a maximum cable length of .
SCSI-2
SCSI-2 was introduced in 1994 and gave rise to the Fast SCSI and Wide SCSI variants. Fast SCSI doubled the maximum transfer rate to 10 MB/s while retaining the same 50-pin cables, while Wide SCSI doubled the bus width to 16 bits on top of that to reach a maximum transfer rate of 20 MB/s, using new 68-pin cables. However, these improvements came at the cost of reducing the maximum cable length to three meters. SCSI-2 also specified a 32-bit version of Wide SCSI, which used two 16-bit cables per bus. The 32-bit implementation was largely ignored because it was deemed expensive and unnecessary, and was officially retired in SCSI-3.
SCSI-2 expanded the command set with the Common Command Set (CCS) for better support of devices other than disk drives, introduced command queueing (up to 256 commands per device) and tightened up the requirements on some features that were optional in SCSI-1; parity was now mandatory and the host adapter was required to provide termination power in order to support active termination. SCSI-1 devices would generally remain compatible while simply ignoring the new features.
A high-voltage differential (HVD) mode that was incompatible with standard single-ended (SE) was introduced to accommodate longer bus lengths.
SCSI-3
Before Adaptec and later the SCSI Trade Association codified the terminology, the first parallel SCSI devices that exceeded the SCSI-2 capabilities were simply designated SCSI-3. These devices, also known as or Fast-20 SCSI, were introduced in 1996. SCSI-3 itself is not as much a single document as a collection of various standards that have received updates at different points in time.
The bus speed was doubled again to 20 MB/s for narrow (8-bit) systems and 40 MB/s for wide (16-bit). The maximum cable length remained 3 meters but single-ended Ultra SCSI developed an undeserved reputation for extreme sensitivity to cable length and condition (faulty cables, connectors or terminators were often to blame for instability problems).
Unlike previous SCSI standards, SCSI-3 (Fast-20 speed) requires active termination.
Ultra-2
This standard was introduced c. 1997 and featured a low-voltage differential (LVD) bus. For this reason, Ultra-2 is sometimes referred to as LVD SCSI. LVD's greater resistance to noise allowed a maximum bus cable length of 12 meters. At the same time, the data transfer rate was increased to 80 MB/s. Mixing earlier single-ended devices (SE) and Ultra-2 devices on the same bus is possible but connecting only a single SE device forces the whole bus to single-ended mode with all its limitations, including transfer speed. The standard also introduced very-high-density cable interconnect (VHDCI), a very small connector that allows placement of four wide SCSI connectors on the back of a single PCI card slot. Ultra-2 SCSI actually had a relatively short lifespan, as it was soon superseded by Ultra-3 (Ultra-160) SCSI.
Ultra-3
Ultra-3 includes five new optional features:
Doubling the transfer rate to 160 MB/s through the use of double-transition clocking
CRC, a robust error-correcting process more suited for high-speed operation than the parity checking used previously
Domain validation for negotiating maximum performance for each device on the chain
Packetization protocol with a reduced number of bus communication phases for less command and protocol overhead
Quick arbitration and selection reduces arbitration time by eliminating bus free time
First introduced as Ultra-160 toward the end of 1999, this iteration improved on the Ultra-2 standard adding the first three improvements.
Devices supporting all five features were marketed as Ultra-160+ or Ultra-3 (U3). 8-bit bus width as well as HVD operation were eliminated starting with Ultra-3.
Ultra-320
Ultra-320 included the Ultra-160+ features as mandatory, doubled the clock to 80 MHz for a maximum data transfer rate of 320 MB/s, and included read/write data streaming for less overhead on queued data transfers, as well as flow control. The latest working draft for this standard is revision 10 and is dated May 6, 2002. Nearly all SCSI hard drives being manufactured at the end of 2003 were Ultra-320 devices.
Ultra-640
Ultra-640 (otherwise known as Fast-320) was promulgated as a standard (INCITS 367-2003 or SPI-5) in early 2003. It doubles the interface speed yet again, this time to 640 MB/s. Ultra-640 pushes the limits of LVD signaling; the speed limits cable lengths drastically, making it impractical for more than one or two devices. Because of this, manufacturers skipped over Ultra-640 and developed for Serial Attached SCSI instead.
SCSI signals
In addition to the data bus and parity signals, a parallel SCSI bus contains nine control signals:
There are also three DC-level signals:
There are three electrically different variants of the SCSI parallel bus: single-ended (SE), high-voltage differential (HVD), and low-voltage differential (LVD). The HVD and LVD versions use differential signaling and so they require a pair of wires for each signal. So the number of signals required to implement a SCSI bus is a function of the bus width and voltage:
SCSI IDs
All devices on a parallel SCSI bus must have a SCSI ID, which may be set by jumpers on older devices or in software. The SCSI ID field widths are:
Bus operation
The parallel SCSI bus goes through eight possible phases as a command is processed. Not all phases will occur in all cases:
The above list does not imply a specific sequence of events. Following a command to a target to send data to the initiator and a receipt of a command complete status, the initiator could send another command or even send a message.
External connectors
No version of the standard has ever specified what kind of connector should be used. Specific types of connectors for parallel SCSI devices were developed by vendors over time. Connectors for serial SCSI devices have diversified into different families for each type of serial SCSI protocol.
Original parallel SCSI-1 devices typically used bulky micro ribbon connectors, and SCSI-2 devices typically used MD50 connectors. Connectors evolved to High-Density (HD) and most recently Single Connector Attachment.
Connectors for wide SCSI buses have more pins and wires than those for narrow SCSI buses; typically 50 pins for narrow SCSI and 68 pins for wide SCSI. On some early devices, wide parallel SCSI buses used two or four connectors and cables while narrow SCSI buses used only one.
With the HD connectors, a cable normally has male connectors while a SCSI device (e.g., host adapter, disk drive) has female. A female connector on a cable is meant to connect to another cable (for additional length or additional device connections).
Termination
Parallel SCSI buses must always be terminated at both ends to ensure reliable operation. Without termination, data transitions reflect back from the ends of the bus causing pulse distortion and potential data loss.
A positive DC termination voltage is provided by one or more devices on the bus, typically the host adapter. This positive voltage is called TERMPOWER and is usually around +4.3 volts. TERMPOWER is normally generated by a diode connection to +5.0 volts. This is called a diode-OR circuit, designed to prevent backflow of current to the supplying device. A device that supplies TERMPOWER must be able to provide up to 900 mA on a SE bus, or 600 mA on a differential bus.
Termination can be passive or active. With passive termination each signal line is terminated by two resistors, 220 Ω to TERMPOWER and 330 Ω to ground. Active termination uses a small voltage regulator which provides a +2.85 V supply. Each signal line is then terminated by a 110 Ω resistor to this supply. Active termination provides a better impedance match than passive termination because most flat ribbon cables have a characteristic impedance of approximately 110 Ω. Forced perfect termination (FPT) is similar to active termination, but with added diode clamp circuits which absorb any residual voltage overshoot or undershoot.
In current practice most parallel SCSI buses are LVD (low-voltage differential) and so require external, active termination. The usual termination circuit consists of a +2.85 V linear regulator and commercially available SCSI resistor network devices (not individual resistors).
Terminators must be matched to the type of SCSI bus. Using an SE terminator on an LVD bus causes the bus to drop back to SE speeds, even if all other devices and cables are capable of LVD operationthe same effect any other SE device has. Passive terminators may cause Ultra speed communication to be unreliable.
Generally, and reflecting the order in which each type of terminator was introduced, unmarked terminators are passive, those marked only active are SE, and only those marked LVD (or SE/LVD) will correctly terminate an LVD bus and allow it to operate at full LVD speeds.
Some early disk drives included internal terminators, but most modern disk-drives do not provide termination and termination must be provided externally.
There is a special case in SCSI systems that have mixed 8-bit and 16-bit devices where high-byte termination may be required.
Compatibility
Different SCSI transports, which are not compatible with each other, usually have unique connectors to avoid accidental mis-plugging of incompatible devices. For example, it is not possible to plug a parallel SCSI disk into an FC-AL backplane, nor to connect a cable between an SSA initiator and an FC-AL enclosure.
Mixing different speeds
SCSI devices in the same SCSI transport family are generally backward compatible. Within the parallel SCSI family, for example, it is possible to connect an Ultra-3 SCSI hard disk to an Ultra-2 SCSI controller. The interface operates at the lowest common supported standard, Ultra-2 in this case. There are some compatibility issues with parallel SCSI buses.
Mixing single-ended and low-voltage differential
Ultra-2, Ultra-160 and Ultra-320 devices may be freely mixed on the parallel LVD bus with no compromise in performance, as the host adapter will negotiate the operating speed and bus management requirements for each device. SE and LVD devices can be attached to the same bus, but all devices will run at a slower, SE speed.
On some host adapters, this problem is solved by using a SCSI bridge to electrically split the bus into an SE and an LVDS half, so LVDS devices can operate at full speed. Other adapters may provide multiple buses (channels).
The SPI-5 standard (which describes up to Ultra-640) deprecates SE devices, so some devices may not be electrically backward compatible.
Mixing Wide and Narrow
Both narrow and wide SCSI devices can be attached to the same parallel bus. All the narrow SCSI devices must be placed at one end and all the wide SCSI devices at the other end. The high half of the bus needs to be terminated in between because the high half of the bus ends with the last wide SCSI device. It can get a cable designed to connect the wide part of the bus to the narrow part which either provides a place to plug in a terminator for the high half or includes the terminator itself. This is sometimes referred to as a cable with high-9 termination. Specific capability commands allow the devices to determine whether their partners are using the whole wide bus or just the lower half and drive the bus accordingly.
As an example of a mixed bus, consider a SCSI wide host adapter with an HD-68 male connector connected to a SCSI narrow disk drive with an HD-50 female connector. It might make this connection with a cable that has an HD-68 female connector on one end and an HD-50 male connector on the other. Inside the cable's HD-68 connector, there is termination for the high half of the bus and the cable contains wires for only the low half. The host adapter determines that the disk drive uses only the low half of the bus, so talks to it using only the lower half. The converse example—a SCSI narrow host adapter and SCSI wide disk drive also works.
Alternatively, each narrow device can be attached to the wide bus through an adapter. As long as the bus is terminated with a wide – internal or external – terminator, there is no need for special termination.
SCA adapters
Single Connector Attachment (SCA) parallel SCSI devices may be connected to older controller/drive chains by using SCA adapters. Although these adapters often have auxiliary power connectors, caution is recommended when connecting them, as it is possible to damage devices by connecting external power.
Device IDs and termination
Each parallel SCSI device (including the computer's host adapter) must be configured to have a unique SCSI ID on the bus. Another requirement is that any parallel SCSI bus must be terminated at both ends with the correct type of terminator. Both active and passive terminators are in common use, with the active type much preferred (and required on LVD buses and Ultra SCSI). Improper termination is a common problem with parallel SCSI installations. In early SCSI buses, one had to attach a physical terminator to each end, but several generations' SCSI devices often have terminators built in, and the user simply needs to enable termination for the devices at either end of the bus (typically by setting a DIP switch or moving a jumper). Some later SCSI host adapters allow the enabling or disabling of termination through BIOS setup. Advanced SCSI devices automatically detect whether they are last on the bus and switch termination on or off accordingly.
SCAM
SCSI Configured Automatically (initially Automagically) was an optional method to configure the SCSI ID without requiring user intervention for easier installation and to avoid problems. It was dropped from later standards.
Laptops
SCSI interfaces had become impossible to find for laptop computers. Adaptec had years before produced PCMCIA parallel SCSI interfaces, but when PCMCIA was superseded by the ExpressCard Adaptec discontinued their PCMCIA line without supporting ExpressCard. Ratoc produced USB and FireWire to parallel SCSI adaptors, but ceased production when the integrated circuits required were discontinued. Drivers for existing PCMCIA interfaces were not produced for newer operating systems. Since 2013, with the release of various ExpressCard and Thunderbolt-to-PCI Express adapters, it is again possible to use SCSI devices on laptops, by installing PCI Express SCSI host adapters using a laptop's ExpressCard or Thunderbolt port.
Notes
References
External links
T10 Technical Committee - SCSI Storage Interfaces (SCSI standards)
Termination Tutorial (WayBack link)
SCSI
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3988899
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bas-Cuvier
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Bas-Cuvier
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Le Bas-Cuvier is one of the most famous bouldering sites in Fontainebleau. Due to a remarkably good concentration of boulders, wide variety of problems of varying levels and relative closeness to the town it has become one of the first places that many climbers visit.
Famous problems include La Marie Rose, bouldering's first 6a and L'abattoir, the first 7a at Fontainebleau.
See also
Fontainebleau rock climbing.
Climbing areas of France
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5379919
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert%20N.%20McGarvey
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Robert N. McGarvey
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Robert Neill McGarvey (August 14, 1888 – June 28, 1952) was a Republican member of the United States House of Representatives from Pennsylvania.
Robert McGarvey was born in Philadelphia. He attended the University of Pennsylvania Business College. He was engaged as a telegrapher and as manager of a news bureau. He became an investment broker in 1922.
He was elected to Congress as a Republican in 1946 to the 80th United States Congress, defeating incumbent Democratic Congressman William T. Granahan. As a congressman he was part of the Federal Commission that helped to designate Independence Hall as a National Historical Park. He was an unsuccessful candidate for reelection in 1948 in a re-match against Granahan.
Sources
The Political Graveyard
References
Members of the United States House of Representatives from Pennsylvania
1888 births
1952 deaths
Politicians from Philadelphia
Pennsylvania Republicans
Republican Party members of the United States House of Representatives
20th-century American politicians
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5379926
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/I%27m%20Not%20Missing%20You
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I'm Not Missing You
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"I'm Not Missing You" is a pop/R&B song written by Keir "KayGee" Gist, Terence "Tramp Baby" Abney, Esteban Crandle, Tawanna Dabney, Balewa Muhammad and Orrico herself for Stacie Orrico's third studio album Beautiful Awakening. It was co-produced by KayGee and Terence "Tramp Baby" Abney. "I'm Not Missing You" was released as the album's first single in North America on October 3, 2006, and internationally in August 2006.
Song information
The song has a more R&B/pop vibe similar to tracks like "Bounce Back", "O.O Baby", and "Ride". The song was produced by KayGee (formerly of Naughty by Nature) and Terence "Tramp Baby" Abney of Divine Mill known for their work in the R&B genre with acts like Next and Jaheim. The song's production is different from KayGee and Tramp Baby's signature hip hop soul approach to R&B; the mix is more guitar-oriented than their NY hip hop-styled drum-based production.
The single was released as a download on June 6, and was played on radio from June 20 (it only appeared on the Bubbling Under Hot 100) and was re-released on October 3. The song received airplay on the radio (especially in the UK) and was released there on August 21, 2006, giving Orrico her fifth Top 40 UK hit.
Music video
The video was directed by known video director Diane Martel. It was filmed on May 31 and June 1. The video basically illustrates Stacie's struggle to get control from her boyfriend. The week the "I'm Not Missing You" video was released in the UK, it shot straight to No. 2 in the UK TV airplay chart, becoming the second most played video of the week there.
Stacie re-shot the video for release in the US and Canada. It was directed by the husband-wife directing team Honey. It was estimated to have been filmed in Los Angeles on October 26 and 27. The redone video is about Stacie's being happy about not being attached to anyone. Unlike the original version all of Stacie's wardrobe was provided by herself. The video premiered on Yahoo! Music on December 6.
Track listings
US: Promo CD
"I'm Not Missing You" (radio edit) – 3:43
"I'm Not Missing You" (guitar down edit) – 3:41
"I'm Not Missing You" (album version) – 4:15
UK: CD 1
"I'm Not Missing You" (radio edit) – 3:43
"Tantrum" (non-album bonus recording) – 4:51
UK: CD 2
"I'm Not Missing You" (radio edit) – 3:43
"Frustrated" (non-album bonus recording) – 3:55
"I'm Not Missing You" (Jason Nevins Remix) – 3:58
"I'm Not Missing You" (Shake Ya Cookie Mix) – 6:31
"I'm Not Missing You" (CD-ROM video)
UK: Promo CD
"I'm Not Missing You" (radio edit) – 3:43
"I'm Not Missing You" (album version) – 4:15
GERMAN/AUS: CD
"I'm Not Missing You" (radio edit) – 3:43
"Tantrum" – 4:51
"Frustrated" – 3:55
"I'm Not Missing You" (Full Phatt Underground Remix) – 4:13
1 The album version is different at the beginning and the ending (making the song a little longer) and the mix is more guitar-driven than the radio edit.
Charts
Weekly charts
Year-end charts
References
2006 singles
2006 songs
Music videos directed by Diane Martel
Songs written by Balewa Muhammad
Songs written by Stacie Orrico
Stacie Orrico songs
Virgin Records singles
Songs written by KayGee
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3988901
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/You%20in%20Reverse
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You in Reverse
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You in Reverse is the sixth full-length album released by indie rock band Built to Spill. The band added one new member for this album, making Built to Spill a quartet for the first time. It was also the first album since Ultimate Alternative Wavers not recorded or produced by Phil Ek. The lineup was Doug Martsch, Brett Nelson, Scott Plouf, and Jim Roth. The album was recorded in Portland, Oregon at Audible Alchemy. You in Reverse was released on April 11, 2006.
Track listing
All songs written by Built To Spill.
"Goin' Against Your Mind" – 8:41
"Traces" – 4:43
"Liar" – 5:11
"Saturday" – 2:25
"Wherever You Go" – 6:10
"Conventional Wisdom" – 6:22
"Gone" – 5:41
"Mess with Time" – 5:43
"Just a Habit" – 4:27
"The Wait" – 5:00
Personnel
Doug Martsch - vocals, guitar, keyboards, percussion
Jim Roth - guitar
Brett Nelson - bass
Scott Plouf - drums, percussion
Additional musicians
Steven Wray Lobdell - guitar, piano, vibraphone, and percussion (he is credited as a "utility player" in the album notes, which do not specify what instruments he plays or on which tracks he appears)
Sam Coomes - organ on "Gone"
Brett Netson - guitars on "Goin' Against Your Mind", "Conventional Wisdom", "Gone", and "Just A Habit"
References
2006 albums
Built to Spill albums
Warner Records albums
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5379935
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Secret%20Book
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The Secret Book
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The Secret Book is a Macedonian feature film combining the detective, thriller and conspiracy fiction genres, based on "Secret Book" (, ), a real mystical book written by the Bogomils with Glagolitic letters (the first Slav alphabet, made by SS. Cyril and Methodius).
Bogomil ideas, carried back to France and Italy from the Balkans by refugees or returning crusaders in the 11th century, became the basis of the Cathar heresy. Like them, the Bogomils were massacred by the church and their name almost burned from history.
Plot
Pierre Raymond (Jean-Claude Carrière) is a passionate explorer, a man who devoted all his life to the quest of the original "Secret Book", a book that exists as a legend in several religions and heresies, and was a holy book for the Bogomils, written in Glagolitic script.
Led by the strange messages from the Balkans brought to him by doves, he chooses his son Chevalier (Thierry Fremont) to search where he stopped. The messages are sent from Macedonia by Pavle Bigorski, a man that identifying himself with the authentic author of "The Secret Book" from the Middle Ages.
The book is supposed to contain the principle of good and evil and the principle of power, jumping across the time barrier and touched the essence of the Quest for the roots of Truth.
Bigorski has three brothers, symbolizing the three regions inhabited by ethnic Macedonians. Each brother represents some aspect of the Macedonian spirit (faith, rebellion towards the social evil, defense of honour).
Location
The movie was shot in 2002 and 2003 on location in Bitola and Ohrid in Macedonia, and Balchik in Bulgaria.
See also
The Da Vinci Code
The Da Vinci Code (film)
External links
Official site
Cannes, Cathars and conspiracy by Fiachra Gibbons (Guardian)
Finally "Peaceful Shooting" Starts In Ohrid (Reality Macedonia, April 14, 2002)
2006 films
Macedonian-language films
Macedonian films
Films shot in Bulgaria
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5379941
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alaska%20Center%20for%20the%20Performing%20Arts
|
Alaska Center for the Performing Arts
|
The Alaska Center for the Performing Arts is a performance venue in downtown Anchorage, Alaska. Opened in 1988, it hosts over 200,000 patrons annually, and consists of three theaters:
Evangeline Atwood Concert Hall, with 2,000 seats, is designed for opera, symphonic, chamber and popular music presentations, as well as dance and Broadway musicals.
Discovery Theatre, with 700 seats, is suited for theatre, smaller-scale operas, dance, film and musical presentations.
Sydney Laurence Theatre (named for painter Sydney Laurence), with 340 seats, is suited for theatre, film and chamber music.
Resident companies include the Anchorage Symphony Orchestra, the Anchorage Opera (Alaska's only professional opera company), the Alaska Dance Theatre, the Alaska Junior Theater, the Anchorage Concert Association (Alaska's largest Arts Promoter), Perseverance Theatre and the Anchorage Concert Chorus.
History
The block on which the AlaskaPAC sits was designated in the Anchorage townsite as the location of the city's public schools. When schools were built away from the townsite boundaries starting in the 1950s, largely through the creation of the Anchorage Independent School District and later the Greater Anchorage Area Borough, the existing school building on that block eventually became the City Hall annex and a community gymnasium. The Sydney Laurence Auditorium, the ACPA's direct forerunner, was also on this block. The Laurence Auditorium was perhaps best known as the site of the Prudhoe Bay oil-lease sale in 1969, conducted by Alaska's state government under then-Governor Keith Miller. Project 80s, started under Mayor George Sullivan and largely spearheaded by his successor, Tony Knowles, saw the replacement of those two buildings with the ACPA.
Building the Alaska Center for the Performing Arts was perhaps the most controversial undertaking of Knowles's six-year tenure as mayor, largely due to the doubling of the original $35 million cost estimate before construction completed. Mayor Tom Fink, Knowles' successor, threatened to defund the center over cost overruns. The design of the building was criticized for lacking a drop-off area, and for entrances on the wrong side of one-way streets. Even the proposed name of the center invited controversy as voters overturned the Anchorage Assembly's decision to name the center after Dr. Martin Luther King Jr.
See also
List of concert halls
References
External links
Alaska Center for the Performing Arts official website
Music venues completed in 1989
Buildings and structures in Anchorage, Alaska
Concert halls in the United States
Performing arts centers in Alaska
Event venues established in 1989
Tourist attractions in Anchorage, Alaska
1989 establishments in Alaska
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5379948
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irish%20famine%20%28disambiguation%29
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Irish famine (disambiguation)
|
The Great Famine (Ireland) (1845–49) is sometimes referred to as the Irish Potato Famine or .
Irish famine may also refer to:
Irish Famine (1740–41), known in Irish as , "Year of Slaughter"
Irish Famine (1861)
Irish Famine (1879), sometimes called the "mini-famine" or
Irish food shortages (1925), a major food shortage in parts of western Ireland, sometimes considered a famine
Other
The Irish Famine (book), 2001 book by Diarmaid Ferriter and Colm Tóibín
Legacy of the Great Irish Famine
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3988927
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herbert%20%28given%20name%29
|
Herbert (given name)
|
Herbert is a Germanic given name, from harja- "army", "warrior" or "noble, sublime" and beraht "bright" or "shining" (compare Robert). See also Heribert and Aribert, other given names with the same roots.
People named Herbert
Saint Herbert
Herbert of Derwentwater (died 687), Anglo-Saxon hermit, priest, and saint
Herbert I of Maine (died 1036), Frankish count
Herbert II of Maine (died 1062), Frankish count
Herbert I, Count of Vermandois (848–907), Frankish count
Herbert II, Count of Vermandois (880–943), Frankish count
Herbert III, Count of Vermandois (987–997), Frankish count
Herbert IV, Count of Vermandois (1045–1080), Frankish count
Herbert Aptheker (1915–2003), American historian
Herbert H. Asquith (1852–1928), leader of the Liberal Party and UK Prime Minister during World War I
Herbert Austin (1866–1941), English car maker, founder of the Austin Motor Company and Member of Parliament
Herbert Backe (1896–1947), German politician and SS functionary during the Nazi era
Herbert Baker (1862–1946), British architect
Herbert Bayer (1900–1985), Austrian graphic designer
Herbert von Bismarck (1849–1904), German diplomat
Herbert Brede, Estonian general
Herbert J. Brees (1877–1958), lieutenant in the United States Army
Herbert C. Brown (1912–2004), American chemist
Herbert Brownell Jr. (1904–1996), American politician
Herbert Ashwin Budd (1881–1950), British painter
Herbert Butterfield (1900–1979), British historian
Herbert Clemens (born 1939), American mathematician
Herbert Cohen (born 1940), American Olympic fencer
Herbert Croly (1869–1930), American writer
Herbert Cukurs, Latvian aviator, member of the Arajs Kommando, which was involved in the Holocaust
Herbert von Dirksen (1882–1955), German diplomat and last German Ambassador to the United Kingdom before World War II
Herbert Henry Dow (1866–1930), Canadian-born American industrialist
Herbert Dreilich (1942–2004), German singer
Herbert Elliott (1887–1973), English cricketer
Herbert Flam (1928–1980), American tennis player
Herbert W. Franke (born 1927), Austrian writer
Herbert Gelernter (1930–2015), American scientist
Herbert Giles (1845–1935), British diplomat and translator
Herbert Gold (born 1924), American novelist
Herbert Gould (1891–1918),
Herbert Grönemeyer (born 1956), German actor and musician
Herbert Gross (1929–2020), American mathematician
Herbert Hagen, SS-Sturmbannführer of Nazi Germany and a personal assistant to the SS police chief in France
Herbert Hauptman (1917–2011), American mathematician
Herbert Hirche (1910–2002), German architect and designer
Herbert Hoover (1874–1964), American politician, 31st President of the United States, one of the principal commanders of United States occupation of Haiti
Herbert Hoover Jr. (1903–1969), American engineer, businessman, and politician, eldest son of Herbert Hoover
Herbert N. Houck (1915–2002), American Naval flying ace awarded three Navy Crosses during World War II
Herbert Howells (1892–1983), English composer, organist and teacher famous for his Anglican church music
Herbert C. Jones (1918–1941), officer in the United States Navy who was posthumously awarded the Medal of Honor for his actions during the attack on Pearl Harbor
Herbert Kappler (1907–1978), Nazi German SS officer and head of German police and security services in Rome
Herbert von Karajan (1908–1989), Austrian conductor
Herbert Buckingham Khaury (1932–1996), musician known as Tiny Tim
Herbert Kitchener, 1st Earl Kitchener (1850–1916), British First World War field marshal and colonial administrator, one of the principal commanders in the Mahdist War and the Second Boer War
Herbert Lange (1909–1945), German Nazi SS officer and Holocaust perpetrator
Herbert Lawrence (1861–1943), general in the British Army, one of the principal commanders of Battle of Romani
Herbert Loch (1886–1976), German general in the Wehrmacht during World War II
Herbert Lom (1917–2012), Czech actor
Herbert Lumsden (1897–1945), senior British Army officer of World War I and II
Herbert Marcuse (1898–1979), German philosopher
Herbert Marshall (1890–1966), English actor
Herbert McCabe (1926–2001), English-born Irish Dominican priest, theologian, and philosopher
Herbert Morrison (1888–1965), British politician
Herbert Mullin (born 1947), American serial killer and mass murderer
Herbert "Bert" Pitman, English Merchant Navy sailor, who was the Third Principal Commanding Officer of RMS Titanic
Herbert Plumer, 1st Viscount Plumer (1857–1932), senior British Army officer of the First World War
Herbert L. Pratt (1871–1945), American oil industrialist
Herbert Irving Preston (1876–1928), American Marine and Medal of Honor recipient
Herbert B. Powell (1903–1998), U.S. Army General and Commanding General of the U.S. Continental Army Command
Herbert Ross (1927–2001), American director
Herbert Saffir (1917–2007), American scientist
Herbert Charles Sanborn (1873–1967), American philosopher, academic, and one-time political candidate
Herbert Schwamborn (born 1973), Zimbabwean music producer
Herbert Schultze (1909-1987), German U-boat (submarine) commander of World War II
Herbert Seifert (1907–1996), German mathematician
Herbert M. Seneviratne (1925-1987), Sri Lankan Sinhala lyricist and actor
Herbert Clifford Serasinghe, Sri Lankan Sinhala physician
Herbert A. Simon (1916–2001), American political scientist
Herbert Spencer (1820–1903), English philosopher
Herbert Stevens IV (born 1987), American hip-hop recording artist who records under the name "Ab-Soul"
Herbert Stewart (1843–1885), British soldier
Herbert Streicher (1947–2013), also known as Harry Reems, American pornographic actor
Herbert Stothart (1885–1949), American composer
Herbert Tabor (1918–2020), American biochemist and physician-scientist
Herbert Tarr (1929–1993), American Jewish novelist and humorist
Herbert Tennekoon (1911-1979), Governor of the Central Bank of Sri Lanka from 1971-1979
Herbert Thambiah (1926-1992), 39th Chief Justice of Sri Lanka
Herbert Beerbohm Tree (1852–1917), English actor and theatre manager
Herbert Schutz (1937–2018), German-born Canadian philologist
Herbert J. Valentine (1917–1996), American Marine flying ace, Navy Cross recipient
Herbert Weerasinghe, Inspector-General of Sri Lanka Police from April 1985 - December 1985
Herbert Wehner (1906–1990), German politician
Herbert G. Wells (1866–1946), British writer, best remembered for his science fiction novels
Herbert Winful (born 1952), Ghanaian-American engineering professor
Herbert Zangs, (1924–2003), German artist
Fictional characters
Herbert (Disney character)
Herbert P. Bear, a character from Club Penguin
Chief Herbert Dumbrowski, fictional character in T.U.F.F. Puppy
Herbert Garrison, a fictional character in the television series South Park
Herbert the Pervert, a fictional character in the television series Family Guy
Herbert West, a fictional character in H. P. Lovecraft's story "Herbert West: Reanimator" and the films based on it
See also
Herbert (surname)
Aribert
Hébert
Herb (given name)
Herbart
Herbert (disambiguation)
Robert
References
Given names
Dutch masculine given names
English masculine given names
French masculine given names
German masculine given names
Polish masculine given names
Czech masculine given names
Slovak masculine given names
Slovene masculine given names
Croatian masculine given names
Swedish masculine given names
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5379955
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ma%27ale%20Levona
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Ma'ale Levona
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Ma'ale Levona (, lit. Ascent of Frankincense) is an Israeli settlement organized as a community settlement in the West Bank. Located to the south-east of Ariel, it falls under the jurisdiction of Mateh Binyamin Regional Council. In , it had a population of .
The international community considers Israeli settlements in the West Bank illegal under international law, but the Israeli government disputes this.
Etymology
The valley may be named for the frankincense grown there in Biblical days for the incense used in the Tabernacle of near-by Shiloh. There was an Israelite village on the edge of the valley that also bore the name "Levonah" (Judges 21:19). The name of that ancient site is preserved in the name of the Palestinian village Al-Lubban ash-Sharqiya (Eastern Lubban), on part of whose land Ma'ale Levona is constructed.
History
Antiquity
Ma'ale Levona overlooks the ancient mountain pass noteworthy as the site of the Battle of Wadi Haramia, the first battle of the Maccabees against the Selucids. The mountain pass, the "Ascent of Levonah" is to the east of the village, and links the Levonah valley to its north with the Shiloh valley to its south. Judah Maccabee killed the Samarian mysarch Apollonius in this battle, taking his sword for himself.
Modern era
According to ARIJ, Israel confiscated land from 3 neighbouring Palestinian villages in order to construct Ma'ale Levona:
447 dunams from Sinjil,
229 dunams from Al-Lubban ash-Sharqiya,
72 dunams from Abwein.
Ma'ale Levona was initially established as a Nahal outpost. It later became a civilian settlement under the municipal jurisdiction of the Matte Binyamin Regional Council. It is located in the northern West Bank, in the Shilo-Eli bloc near Ariel. Ma'ale Levona is home to around 120 families.
References
Religious Israeli settlements
Nahal settlements
Mateh Binyamin Regional Council
Populated places established in 1983
1983 establishments in the Palestinian territories
Community settlements
Israeli settlements in the West Bank
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3988935
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asian%20Test%20Championship
|
Asian Test Championship
|
The ACC Asian Test Championship was a professional Test cricket tournament contested between the Test playing nations of Asia: India, Pakistan, Sri Lanka and Bangladesh. It is not a regular event in the cricketing calendar and has so far been held only twice; in 1998–99 when Pakistan won and in 2001–02 with Sri Lanka as champions. It was originally planned that the tournament would be held every two years, alternatively with the Asia Cup.
The Asian Test Championship is only the second example of a Test cricket tournament involving more than two teams, the first being the 1912 Triangular Tournament, which was held between Australia, England and South Africa. This tournament was considered to be the predecessor to the Test Cricket World Cup that the International Cricket Council was planning for the 9 member nations.
In 2006, the Asian Cricket Council cancelled the Asian Test Championship, as well as the Asian and African Cup, due to the tightly packed international cricket tour schedule. The third installment of the Championship had been delayed by four years due to conflicting tours of the participating members.
2001–2002 Asian Test Championship
Bangladesh, Pakistan, Sri Lanka competed in the second Asian Test Championship between August 2001 and March 2002. India pulled out of the tournament due to political tensions with Pakistan.
Pakistan and Sri Lanka both played Bangladesh in the two round robin matches. A win was worth 16 points, a tie 8 points and no points were awarded for a draw or loss. In addition to this, bonus points were awarded to teams for bowling and batting performances. Pakistan and Sri Lanka qualified for the final after convincingly beating Bangladesh in Multan Cricket Stadium in Pakistan and Colombo in Sri Lanka.
The final was held at Gaddafi Stadium in Lahore, Pakistan. Sri Lanka defeated Pakistan by 8 wickets to win the second Asian Test championship.
See also
Asia Cup
ICC World Test Championship
Women's Asia Cup
References
Test cricket competitions
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5379960
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Domitius%20Domitianus
|
Domitius Domitianus
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Lucius Domitius Domitianus or, rarely, Domitian III, was a Roman usurper against Diocletian, who seized power for a short time in Egypt.
History
Nothing is known of the background and family of Domitianus. He may have served as prefect of Egypt before he proclaimed himself emperor, though no known document makes his previous position clear.
Domitianus revolted against Diocletian in 297 AD; it is possible that the rebellion was sparked by a new tax edict, but this is uncertain. Numismatic and papyrological evidence support Domitianus' claim to the purple.
Domitianus died in December of the same year, when Diocletian went to Aegyptus to quell with the revolt. Domitianus' corrector, Aurelius Achilleus, who was responsible for the defense of Alexandria, appears to have succeeded to Domitianus' claim to the empire; in fact, it was only in March 298 that Diocletian succeeded in re-conquering the city.
References
Sources
DiMaio, Michael, "L. Domitius Domitianus and Aurelius Achilleus (ca.296/297-ca.297/298)", De Imperatoribus Romanis
297 deaths
3rd-century Roman usurpers
3rd-century Egyptian people
Domitii
Tetrarchy
Year of birth unknown
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3988954
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University%20of%20Finance%20and%20Economics%20%28Mongolia%29
|
University of Finance and Economics (Mongolia)
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The University of Finance and Economics (, abbreviated UFE) is one of the largest educational institutions of Mongolia. The University is on the banks of Selbe river at the heart of Ulaanbaatar city. The University offers bachelor's and master's programs since the liberalisation period of the 1990s. Formerly known as the Institute of Finance and Economics (, or IFE), the institution was granted university status in 2016.
History
Originally founded on June 3, 1924 as the School of Custom's Officers in Ulaanbaatar, it is one of the oldest continuously operating educational institutions in the country. In 1931 it changed its name to School of Accounting, adding more subjects. In 1946, shortly after the World War II, its name was changed again to College of Finance and Economics, and the school extended its curriculum to most of the current spectrum.
The institution became the Institute of Finance and Economics on August 16, 1991, and postgraduate courses were introduced. Subjects included business administration, financial management, accounting and bookkeeping.
The University of Finance and Economics of Mongolia is one of the first accredited universities by Accreditation Council for Business Schools and Programs in 2012.
Faculties
The university is divided into a number of faculties:
Department of English Language Study
Department of Financial Management
Department of Business Administration
Department of Applied Mathematics and Statistics
Department of Humanities
Department of Economics
Department of Information System Management
Notable alumni
Yumjaagiin Tsedenbal, General Secretary of the Central Committee of the Mongolian People's Revolutionary Party of Mongolia (1974-1984)
Jigjidiin Mönkhbat, 1968 Summer Olympics silver medalist in men's freestyle middleweight wrestling
Battsetseg Batmunkh, Minister of Foreign Affairs (2021-),General Secretary of the Mongolian People's Party (2010-2012)
Student Union
The UFE has a Student Union formed by students. Financially supported by the school administration, the Union organizes socio-cultural activities as well as extracurricular academics activities.
The earlier structure of the Union was the Student Council which was relatively small, founded in 1997. Until 2001 there was no stability in student organization activity. In 2001, the Student Council changed its name to Student Union and started to expand. On April 10, 2004, the Student Union changed its name to back to Student Council. The reason for this change is uncertain. The latest change of its name occurred on October 1, 2007: the Student Council changed its status to a non-government organization hence called Student Union.
The Student Union is governed by the Student Assembly, although day-to-day workings of the Union are handled by the Executive Committee. Representatives for the Student Assembly, the Chair's Office are elected/appointed between October and November each academic year.
External links
Official website
References
Universities in Mongolia
Ulaanbaatar
1924 establishments in Mongolia
Educational institutions established in 1924
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5379963
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harold%20Elletson
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Harold Elletson
|
Harold Daniel Hope Elletson (born 8 December 1960) is a British politician.
Elletson unsuccessfully contested Burnley for the Conservative Party in the 1987 general election, before becoming Member of Parliament (MP) for Blackpool North in 1992. However, in his 1997 bid for re-election in the new Blackpool North and Fleetwood constituency, he lost to Labour's Joan Humble by 8,946 votes.
On 22 December 1996 The Observer newspaper claimed Elletson moonlighted as an MI6 agent: the headline read "Pro-Serb Tory MP was MI6 Agent". The newspaper said he was recruited before he entered the House of Commons, working for the intelligence agency in Eastern Europe, the former Soviet Union and during the conflict in the former Yugoslavia:
"After visiting Yugoslavia in 1992, Mr Elletson notified his MI6 handlers that donations were reaching the Conservative Party from Serbia. MI6 received special sanction from the Prime Minister (John Major) for Mr Elletson to continue his secret role after his election in 1992. He carried out his unpaid intelligence work in Eastern Europe while representing the electors of Blackpool: he also ran an extensive network of private business interests in the region, while using his public position to mount a controversial defence of the Serb regime."
He joined the Liberal Democrats in 2002. On 30 September 2014, as chairman of The Campaign for the North, he launched an all-party pressure group to re-create the ancient Kingdom of Northumbria as a federal state in a new United Kingdom. The Campaign seeks 'devo-max' power from Westminster to bring the traditional counties of Northumberland, Durham, Yorkshire, Lancashire, Westmorland and Cumberland into a democratic state with powers equal to Scotland, Wales, Northern Ireland or London, retaining membership of the European Union.
The proposed Northumbria would cover the territory that was ruled a thousand years ago by the Norseman Erik Bloodaxe, the last 'king of the North', killed in battle at Stainmore in the Pennines in 954.
In 2015, he co-founded the Northern Party to campaign for better representation for Northern England. At the 2015 general election, he contested the constituency of Lancaster and Fleetwood, coming last with 0.4% of the vote. At the 2019 general election, he endorsed the incumbent Labour MP, Cat Smith.
References
External links
1960 births
Living people
Conservative Party (UK) MPs for English constituencies
UK MPs 1992–1997
Secret Intelligence Service personnel
Liberal Democrats (UK) politicians
British political party founders
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5379980
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second%20German%20Antarctic%20Expedition
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Second German Antarctic Expedition
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The Second German Antarctic Expedition of 1911–1913 was led by Wilhelm Filchner in the exploration ship . Its principal objective was to determine whether the Antarctic continent comprised a single landmass rather than separated elements, and in particular whether the Weddell Sea and Ross Sea were connected by a strait. In addition, an extensive programme of scientific research was undertaken. The expedition failed to establish a land base, and the ship became beset in the Weddell Sea ice, drifting north for eight months before reaching open water. The expedition was marred by considerable disagreement and animosity among its participants, and broke up in disarray.
The expedition secured the patronage of Luitpold, Prince Regent of Bavaria, who formed a fundraising committee which organised, among other activities, a public lottery. After leaving Germany early in May 1911, the expedition carried out a thorough oceanographic survey of the Atlantic Ocean before arriving in South Georgia in October. Subsequently, despite being hampered by heavy sea ice, Deutschland penetrated the Weddell Sea beyond the southernmost point reached by James Weddell in 1823. It discovered new land which it named Prinzregent Luitpold Land (otherwise "Luitpold Coast"), and reached the southern limit of the Weddell Sea at the Filchner Ice Shelf. Attempts to set up their land base at a small inlet which they named Vahsel Bay failed when they chose a site on insecure ice which broke away, taking the camp with it. Although much equipment was salvaged, further attempts to establish a land base also failed. By then, Deutschland was unable to escape from the ice, and began its long drift northwards.
During the drift, scientific observations continued, and a brief sledge journey showed that the supposed "New South Greenland", reportedly seen by Benjamin Morrell in 1823, did not exist. Morale had meanwhile collapsed, and by the time the ship was freed and reached South Georgia, the expedition was in considerable disarray. Some members returned to Germany forthwith; Filchner hoped, nevertheless, to reconstitute the expedition and return to Antarctica in the following season. However, he was recalled to Germany to explain the expedition's failure to its backers. In the subsequent inquiry, Filchner was largely exonerated, but had lost his taste for Antarctic exploration, and never went again. The First World War deflected interest from the Antarctic, but in due course the expedition's geographical and scientific discoveries were acknowledged and respected. Filchner did not reveal in his lifetime details of the personal antagonisms that marred the expedition, but a memorandum or exposé, written just before his death in 1957, was published in 1985.
Background: Germany in Antarctica
The first German visit to the sub-Antarctic region occurred during International Polar Year, 1882–83, when a team of scientists established a station at Royal Bay on the island of South Georgia. Over the year they carried out an extensive research programme, and observed the Transit of Venus on 6 December 1882.
By the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries, exploration of the Antarctic mainland had begun in earnest, with expeditions from Belgium, Britain and Sweden. Germany entered the field with the first German Antarctic Expedition, 1901–03, led by Erich von Drygalski in the ship Gauss. Drygalski discovered land south of the Kerguelen Islands, but his ship became trapped in the ice at 66°7'S 89°38'E, while still 85 km (46 nautical miles (nmi) from the land. He named this distant coast Kaiser Wilhelm II Land, and an extinct volcano, also observed, was called Gaussberg. Most of the scientific work of the expedition was carried out in a winter station established on the sea ice. When after more than a year Gauss was freed, Drygalski tried but was unable to take the ship further south. Hence, when he returned to Germany, in an era when geographical achievements were valued more than scientific results, he found that the expedition was compared unfavourably with Robert Falcon Scott's concurrent Discovery Expedition, which had achieved a farthest south mark of 82°17'. Drygalski's scientific results, published over three decades, would retrospectively be recognised as of outstanding importance, but the immediate reaction to his expedition was one of a national failure.
At that time, little was yet known about the nature of the Antarctic continent – whether it was a single landmass, a group of islands or, as the geographer Albrecht Penck believed, two large landmasses, West and East Antarctica, separated by a frozen strait. This issue interested a young army officer and seasoned explorer, Wilhelm Filchner. Born in 1877, Filchner had visited Russia, had ridden on horseback through the Pamir Mountains, and after a period of studies in surveying and geography had led an expedition to Southern China and Tibet in 1903–05. Though lacking in polar experience, Filcher resolved to lead an expedition which would determine the truth or otherwise of Penck's hypothesis.
Organisation
Plans and financing
Filchner's original plan involved a two-ship strategy, in which one party would establish a base in the south Weddell Sea area, while another would go to the Ross Sea, on the opposite side of Antarctica. Shore parties from each group would then cross the terrain, to rendezvous at the Geographic South Pole or thereabouts, thereby resolving the one-or-two landmasses conundrum. The plan, costed at around two million marks (about £97,500), was received positively by the Berlin Geographical Society in 1909, and was endorsed by Penck. The expedition would also carry out a scientific research programme that included a detailed study of the nature of the oceans, how they linked together in the southern seas, and how they impacted on the world's climate.
Filchner and his backers sought the approval of the Kaiser, necessary if they were to obtain state funding. But when approached, Wilhelm II, who had supported Drygalski's earlier expedition, was dismissive. He thought that Count Zeppelin's airships would "do in a couple of days what takes you three years". Filchner found his patron in the aged Prince Regent Luitpold of Bavaria, who readily gave his support to the enterprise. The lack of state funding, however, meant that Filchner's plan had to be scaled back; the Ross Sea component had to be given up. Filchner would take a single ship as far south as possible in the largely unexplored Weddell Sea, and concentrate his investigations in that area. The cost of this revised plan was estimated at 1.1 million marks (about £58,500), and under Luitpold's patronage an organising committee was set up to raise this amount. The most successful of its activities was a public lottery, and by the end of 1910 the required sum had been secured. Although the German government would not provide funding, they were supportive in other ways, arranging for various agencies and organisations to loan essential scientific equipment, and were willing to meet the cost of the harbour fees for the expedition's anticipated lengthy stays in Buenos Aires.
Ship
Filchner found a suitable ship, the Norwegian-built whaler and sealer Bjørn. In 1907, Ernest Shackleton had wanted her for his forthcoming Antarctic expedition, but the price, £11,000 (roughly £1.1 million in 2018 terms), was too high. Since then, Bjørn had worked in the Arctic under Captain Bjørn Jørgensen, and had acquired a good reputation as an ice ship. The price had risen to £12,700 (£1.3 million), which Filchner nevertheless considered a bargain. The sale completed, the ship was renamed Deutschland, and taken to the Framnaes shipyard in Sandefjord for extensive modification.
According to measurements supplied by the polar historian Rorke Bryan, Deutschland was in length, with beam , and draught forward, aft. Her gross tonnage was 598.2, net 343.8. Built in 1905 entirely of wood, the outer hull was reinforced with 3¼ inch greenheart sheathing, and the inner hull given a further 6 inches of protection. Rigged as a barque, Deutschland was capable of speeds of 9 or 10 knots under full sail. Her auxiliary engine provided 300 horsepower with a maximum speed of 7.2 knots, consuming coal at a daily rate of 6 tons.
While the ship lay at Sandejford, Shackleton visited to give further advice on the preparation for a long sojourn in the ice. This included the addition of iron plating to protect the stem, and the construction of a well that enabled the propeller and rudder to be lifted on to the deck when not in use. The ship's interior was rebuilt, with sixteen cabins for officers and scientists, and an enlarged fo'c'sle to provide accommodation for the crew. A laboratory for scientific work was built on the main deck, and electric lighting would be provided by a generator.
Personnel
The expedition attracted a large number of applications. Among the scientists selected were a young geographer, Heinrich Seelheim, as Filchner's deputy; Carl Wilhelm Brennecke, one of Germany's leading oceanographers; the astronomer Erich Przybyllok; and an Austrian biologist and experienced alpinist, Felix König. Filchner wanted Jorgensen, Deutschlands former commander, as captain, but was pressurised by the German naval authorities to appoint a German to the post. Their choice was Richard Vahsel, who had served as second officer on the Gauss expedition. Although Drygalski strongly recommended him, Gausss former captain, Hans Ruser, warned that Vahsel was "greedy for power and an out-and-out schemer". Filchner's agreement to this appointment was, according to Bryan, "a disastrous mistake". Vahsel had a drink problem and an aggressive manner; he was also ill with an advanced form of syphilis, which may have affected his behaviour. He brought with him several officers and crew from the Gauss, forming a clique that would eventually poison relationships throughout the expedition.
Vahsel's position was strengthened by Filchner's agreement to sail under the German naval flag, placing Deutschland under naval regulations that gave the captain supreme decision-making authority. The expedition was thus afflicted from the start by what Roald Amundsen would later describe as a fateful weakness, that of a divided command. Vahsel was quick to flaunt his apparent advantage, boasting while drunk that he would clap Filchner in irons if he didn't toe the line. Filchner chose to disregard this threat as a "tasteless slip".
Aware that his scientists lacked experience of polar conditions, in August 1910 Filchner led a training expedition to Svalbard (Spitsbergen). He and six others crossed the glaciers of central Spitsbergen, in tough conditions. It was also a work-out for the equipment. However, apart from Filchner, only two of the Svalbard party – Przybyllock and the meteorologist Erich Barkow – eventually made the journey to the Antarctic.
Expedition
Germany to Buenos Aires
In early May, 1911, Deutschland sailed from Bremerhaven, bound for Buenos Aires. Filchner remained in Germany to deal with outstanding expedition business, and would join the expedition in Argentina. Meanwhile, Seelheim acted as scientific director. The voyage extended over four months, and covered with stops at the Azores, at St Paul's Rocks and at Pernambuco. Around 100 oceanographic studies were carried out, special attention being given to the confluence of the warm Brazil Current and the cold Falklands Current. Deutschland arrived in Buenos Aires on 7 September.
Although successful from a scientific standpoint, the voyage was marred by personal disagreements; Seelheim and Vahsel argued constantly. While en route to Buenos Aires in the steamer Cap Ortega, Filchner received a message that Vahsel was resigning. He then persuaded Alfred Kling, Cap Ortegas first officer, to accept the captaincy of Deutschland, but on arrival found Vahsel still in post and Seelheim gone. Nevertheless, Kling agreed to remain with the expedition as an extra watch-keeping officer. In Buenos Aires, the expedition received a consignment of Greenland dogs, and a number of Manchurian ponies; Filchner had been persuaded by Shackleton of the usefulness of horses as pack animals.
While in Buenos Aires, Deutschland was joined by Fram, Amundsen's ship, returning from the Antarctic after depositing Amundsen and his shore party at the Bay of Whales in Antarctica, prior to their successful attempt on the South Pole. The men from the two ships fraternised well – Deutschlands crew contained a number of Scandinavians – and the crew of Fram gave a rousing send-off when Deutschland departed for South Georgia on 4 October.
South Georgia
Deutschland arrived in Grytviken, South Georgia, on 21 October, to be welcomed by Carl Anton Larsen, the manager of the whaling station there. As the seas to the south remained icebound, Filchner embarked on a coastal survey of South Georgia, with the help of Larsen who lent his yacht Undine for this task. In the course of these surveys they revisited the now derelict research station at Royal Bay, reopened it, and kept it manned for a month while taking regular readings to determine magnetic field changes in the intervening years. While the coastal survey progressed, Deutschland went on a journey to the South Sandwich Islands, to test the theory of the British explorer William Speirs Bruce, that the islands in the so-called Scotia Arc were geologically linked with the Antarctic Peninsula and the South American mainland. The trip was blighted by bad weather and rough seas, with waves reaching in height. The ship proved her seaworthiness, but no landing was made, and little scientific work could be done.
In South Georgia, the expedition suffered two losses of personnel. One of the two medical doctors, Ludwig Kohl, was stricken with appendicitis and had to remain on the island. More tragic was the fate of the third officer, Walter Slossarczyk, who disappeared while fishing in King Edward Cove, off Grytviken. His empty boat was later found in Cumberland Bay. Whether this was an accident or, as some suspected, a suicide, was never established. Either way, Filchner considered the death a bad omen for the expedition.
Weddell Sea voyage
Having been restocked with equipment, the now heavily loaded Deutschland left Grytviken on 11 December 1911 carrying 35 men, 8 ponies, 75 Greenland dogs, 2 oxen, 2 pigs and several sheep. She first encountered ice three days out from Grytviken, at 57°S, and from then on, progress southwards was intermittent, with ice-bound periods interspersed with stretches of open water. Between 17 and 31 December, a mere were covered, and the generator was switched off to save coal. On 14 January 1912, at 70°47'S, the ship was trapped in solid ice, but four days later she enjoyed one of her best day's run, covering . On 27 January, now deep into the Weddell Sea, came the first intimation of land; seabed samples produced blue clay, remnants of glacial deposits that would not be found far from shore. On 28 January a wide stretch of water appeared, extending southward to the horizon: "No one had expected an open Weddell Sea behind a pack ice girdle of roughly 1,100 nautical miles", wrote Filchner.
By 29 January, the ship was beyond the location of Bruce's 1904 sighting of Coats Land, and had passed Weddell's southernmost mark of 74°15'S. The water was now becoming rapidly shallower in depth, showing the imminent approach of land; light surf was visible in the distance to the south. The next day land was observed in the form of ice cliffs, up to in height, behind which rose a gentle slope of ice and snow to a height of above . "Under this mass of ice", wrote Filchner, "undoubtedly lay hidden the Antarctic continent". This first geographical discovery of the expedition was named by Filchner as "Prinzregent Luitpold Land" (or "Luitpold Coast"), after the expedition's principal patron.
Following the coastline as it first tended south-westwards, then west and north-west, on 31 January at 77°48'S, they discovered a vast ice barrier, evidently the southern boundary of the Weddell Sea. Filchner christened it the Kaiser Wilhelm Ice Barrier; later, at the Kaiser's insistence, it was renamed after Filchner. At the conjunction of Luitpold Land and the ice barrier was a small inlet, which Filchner named Vahsel Bay. Behind the bay, nunataks (protruding rocks) confirmed the presence of land south of the bay.
At Vahsel Bay
Filchner landed survey parties at Vahsel Bay, to examine the location as a possible landing site, and they reported that it looked feasible. However, Vahsel showed a reluctance to make a landing there, arguing that, having passed Weddell's southern limit, the main task of the expedition was now done and they should return to South Georgia. This, as David Murphy in his expedition account observes, was inexplicable since Deutschlands equipment, provisions and animals clearly provided for extensive work on shore. On 1 February, hoping to resolve the impasse, Filchner agreed to search along the barrier for a better landing place, but none could be found, and by 5 February Deutschland was back at Vahsel Bay.
Vahsel wanted the camp placed on a large and durable-looking iceberg attached to the ice shelf, which the ship could reach easily. Filchner preferred to have the camp further from the ice edge, and only agreed to Vahsel's wish after the captain assured him that the expedition's ice pilot, Paul Björvik, had approved the site. The unloading process began on 9 February and continued over the next several days. By 17 February the hut had been erected and most of the equipment and animals had been transferred to the iceberg. Meanwhile, Filchner learned from Björvik that he had not been consulted, and would not have recommended the site which he described as "very bad".
On 18 February a high spring tide caused a surge of water, which sundered the iceberg from the ice barrier and sent it floating into the Weddell Sea. A frantic process of recovery began, as the ship's lifeboats were used to retrieve as much as possible from the base. By this means, most of the material was saved. Filchner continued his efforts to establish a shore base, and on 28 February, Brenneke and the geologist Fritz Heim were landed on the barrier and began to erect a depot some from the edge, and about above sea level. However, Vahsel was by now insistent that the ship return to South Georgia before being irretrievably frozen in. Filchner reluctantly accepted this; the depot was marked with black flags to await the expedition's return in the following season.
Drift
On 4 March the ship turned north, and the journey back to South Georgia began. Progress was initially minimal; on 6 March, under full steam, Deutschland advanced just , and by 15 March she was trapped firmly. Efforts to free her with dynamite failed, and Filchner resigned himself to a long winter's drift: "We now devoted ourselves to scientific work", he wrote. A research station was set up on the ice for meteorological and magnetic work, and the wildlife – penguins, other birds, whales and seals – was observed, recorded and sometimes eaten. A programme of entertainment and sporting activities was maintained on the ship and on the ice, but these diversions could not overcome the increasing divisions and hostility between the opposing groups, worsened by the excessive use of alcohol. The debacle at Vahsel Bay had destroyed morale, and there were long mutual recriminations.
In June, Filchner was desperate to escape from the poisonous ambience of Deutschland. He calculated that the drift was taking them close to where, in 1823, the American sealing captain Benjamin Morrell claimed to have encountered land, known generally as "Morrell's Land" or "New South Greenland". Morrell described a long stretch of coastline, with distant snow-covered mountains, abundant seal, and "oceanic birds of every description". Morrell's writings were typically full of exaggerations and provable errors, and he had a reputation for vagueness concerning positions and dates, but his claims had remained uninvestigated. Filchner saw an opportunity of adding to his expedition's achievements by proving or disproving the existence of Morrell's Land.
On 23 June, about east of Morrell's reported sighting, Filchner, König and Kling set out from Deutschland with supplies, sledges and dogs to find the spot, travelling much of the time by moonlight. The terrain was difficult; shifting ice with open water, and piled-up ice floes. Another problem was that the drifting ship would be in a different position when they returned. As they approached the location of Morrell's supposed sighting, they dropped lead weights to test the sea depth. Finding no evidence of shallowing, and no visible signs of land, they concluded that Morrell had most likely seen a mirage. On the return journey, through skilful navigation, they intercepted Deutschland on 30 June; it had drifted a distance of since they left.
On 8 August, Vahsel died, his health having recently deteriorated. He was buried in the ice two days later, and was succeeded as captain by Wilhelm Lorenzen, the first officer. The atmosphere did not improve; Lorenzen was no conciliator, and his relationship with Filchner was no better than Vahsel's had been. The mood rapidly became not merely unpleasant but dangerous; guns were being waved around, with threats of shooting – König claimed he had been shot at. Filchner considered his own life at risk, and slept with a loaded gun by his side. The drift continued; by mid-September, open leads were appearing in the distance, but it was not until 26 November, with the help of dynamite, that Deutschland finally broke free of the ice. The drift had provided initial evidence for the existence of the Weddell Gyre, a circulating ocean current rotating clockwise round the sea. A slow run through heavy loose pack finally brought Deutschland to Grytviken on 19 December 1912.
Dissolution
In Grytviken, open fighting broke out among the two factions. The crew had heard a rumour that they would not be paid, and turned on Filchner. When Larsen's attempts to mediate failed, he housed the more mutinous members in the whaling station before sending them home on a steamer. As replacement captain Filchner appointed Kling, who took Deutschland to Buenos Aires, where she was temporarily lent to the Argentine government to relieve the Argentinian weather station at Laurie Island.
Filchner, at this stage, had not given up on continuing his expedition. He informed the American Geographical Society that, after a period in dry dock for essential work, "...the second trip to the newly discovered land can be made again, and the explorations in the Antarctic continued according to the original program". However, the dissident members who had returned to Germany reported poor leadership and morale, and the organising committee ordered Filchner home. There, he faced a Court of Honour which, after hearing the various accusations and testimonies of witnesses, largely absolved him from blame. His opponents continued to denounce him; when von Goeldel, the former ship's doctor, called Filchner dishonourable, Filchner challenged him to a duel, and von Goeldel withdrew the comment.
Despite his official vindication, Filchner was wearied of the Antarctic, and never returned. Deutschland was acquired by König, who was organising an Austrian expedition to complete the work begun by the German expedition. Filchner was invited to join him, but declined; he likewise refused an invitation from Amundsen to accompany him on an expedition to the North Pole. He wrote: "Many experiences had convinced me that truly great successes in the polar ice are granted only to members of those nations where polar research has traditions ... I have decided to return to my original field of work: Central and East Asia".
Aftermath
In apportioning responsibility for the perceived failure, Penck and others blamed Vahsel, as did the Kaiser, who had opposed the expedition but now gave Filchner his backing. On the other hand Albert Ballin of the Hamburg America Line, Vahsel's former employers, defended the captain: "The geographical discoveries of the expedition are solely Vahsel's credit, who pursued the goals cited for him with the greatest energy, steadfast loyalty and devotion".
Controversies around the expedition were forgotten with the outbreak of the First World War in August 1914. König's expedition was cancelled, while Deutschland, which König had renamed Osterreich, was requisitioned by the Austro-Hungarian Navy, and used as a minesweeper until she was torpedoed and sunk in the Adriatic Sea.
During the war, Filchner served in the German army. Afterwards, he wrote an account of his expedition, published in 1922, in which he barely mentions the animosities that had affected it. He chose to ignore continuing denigration from his opponents, and resumed his travels, leading expeditions to Central Asia in 1926–28 and 1934–38. His last expedition, to Nepal in 1939, was interrupted by illness and the Second World War, after which he retired to Zurich. Shortly before his death in 1957, Filchner wrote an exposé, not published until 1985, which revealed the truth about his Antarctic expedition's failure.
Shackleton's Imperial Trans-Antarctic Expedition, aiming for a transcontinental crossing, had entered the Weddell Sea in January 1915. Before he could land, his ship Endurance was beset, and carried in the ice by the Weddell Gyre until she was crushed and sunk in October 1915. The expedition thereafter became an epic of survival and rescue. The first land crossing of the Antarctic continent was not achieved until the Commonwealth Trans-Antarctic Expedition of 1957–58. The co-leaders, Vivian Fuchs and Edmund Hillary, followed Filchner's original two-ship plan: starting respectively at the Weddell Sea and Ross Sea, they met at the South Pole on 19 January 1958. They acknowledged Filchner as "the first to reach the head of the Weddell Sea", but they named their Vahsel Bay base camp after Shackleton whom, they said, had "intended to establish his base there".
Assessment
Notwithstanding the sense of failure and recriminations, the Second German Antarctic Expedition recorded some significant geographical achievements. It found new land, the Luitpold Coast, and reached the southern limit of the Weddell Sea. Its discovery of the Filchner Ice Shelf provided strong evidence, if not outright proof, that Penck's theory of a strait separating two Antarctic landmasses was wrong. The winter journey of Filchner, Kling and König proved the non-existence of Morrell's "New South Greenland". There were significant scientific findings, including the first evidence of the clockwise Weddell Sea gyre. The detailed oceanographic investigations revealed the temperature distribution in the waters of the southern Atlantic. Four alternating layers were identified, carrying warmer and colder streams south and north respectively, a process in which the Weddell Sea played a central role.
Owing to the commencement of the First World War, and the lack of a formal presentation of the results, the expedition's findings made little immediate impact on the international scientific community. However, the Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research later rated the expedition's discoveries as equal with those of James Clark Ross in the 1840s, and in later years the Weddell Sea became the most favoured area for German polar research.
The expedition's personnel are honoured in the naming of various geographical features in the Antarctic region. As well as the Filchner Ice Shelf and Vahsel Bay, these include the Filchner Trench, on the seabed in the south-eastern corner of the Weddell Sea; the Filchner Mountains in Queen Maud Land, named by a later German expedition in 1938–39; the Filchner Rocks in South Georgia, charted during the 1911 coastal survey; Cape Vahsel on South Georgia; the König Glacier, surveyed in 1928–29 during an expedition led by Ludwig Kohl-Larson, formerly a member of Filchner's expedition; and Mount Kling in South Georgia, surveyed and named in the period 1951–57.
Notes and references
Notes
Citations
Sources
Books
Journals
Websites
1911 in Germany
1912 in Antarctica
Antarctic expeditions
Expeditions from Germany
Germany and the Antarctic
History of South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands
Heroic Age of Antarctic Exploration
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5380004
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leiner
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Leiner
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Leiner is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
Benjamin Leiner, American boxer
Božidar Leiner, Croatian Jewish resistance fighter
Danny Leiner, American film director
Gershon Henoch Leiner, Polish Jewish theologian
Laura Leiner, Hungarian writer
Mordechai Yosef Leiner, Polish Jewish theologian
Shmuel Shlomo Leiner, Polish Jewish theologian
Simcha Leiner, American Orthodox Jewish singer
See also
Leiner Health Products, American pharmaceutical company
German-language surnames
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5380022
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yekateringofsky%20Municipal%20Okrug
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Yekateringofsky Municipal Okrug
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Yekateringofsky Municipal Okrug (, known as Municipal Okrug #6 () until 2011, is a municipal okrug of Admiralteysky District of the federal city of St. Petersburg, Russia. Population:
It borders Fontanka in the north, Lermontovsky Avenue in the east, Obvodny Canal in the south, and Yekateringofka River in the west.
References
Admiralteysky District, Saint Petersburg
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5380036
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boulevard%20Solitude
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Boulevard Solitude
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is a (lyric drama) or opera in one act by Hans Werner Henze to a German libretto by Grete Weil after the play by Walter Jockisch, in its turn a modern retelling of Abbé Prévost's 1731 novel Manon Lescaut. The piece is a reworking of the Manon Lescaut story, already adapted operatically by Auber, Massenet and Puccini, and here relocated to Paris after World War II where, as is noted in Grove, the focus of the story moves away from Manon and towards Armand des Grieux. It became Henze's first fully-fledged opera. The work stands out for its strong jazz influences, from a composer who had hitherto been associated with twelve-tone technique.
The premiere was given on 17 February 1952, at the Landestheater Hannover.
Performance history
Although it never became part of the core operatic repertoire, Boulevard Solitude continued to receive performances after the premiere. It was given in both Naples and Rome in 1954 and it received its UK premiere in London by the New Opera Company at Sadler's Wells in 1962 where the cast included Peter Glossop and April Cantelo. The first performance in the United States was at the Santa Fe Opera in 1967.
The opera continues to be performed and is popular with audiences, with a London revival in 2001 going on to sell heavily despite much negative critical reception and attacks from the tabloid press. A new production by Welsh National Opera in 2014 was also well received.
Roles
Synopsis
Scene 1: The waiting room of a busy train station in a large French city.
The student Armand des Grieux meets a young woman by the name of Manon Lescaut, who is being brought to boarding school in Lausanne by her brother. Armand instantly falls in love with Manon, and the two run off to Paris together.
Scene 2: An attic in Paris.
The two live together happily, although in poverty, in an attic room. Armand has been cut off by his father on account of his dissolute lifestyle, and is forced to ask his friend Francis for money. However, Manon's brother reappears during Armand's absence and convinces her to visit an admirer of hers, the wealthy older man Lilaque Sr.
Scene 3: An elegant room in Lilaque's house.
Manon becomes Lilaque Sr.'s mistress, but remains in love with Armand. Her brother appears and begs her for money. When she refuses him saying that she has none, he breaks into Lilaque Sr.'s safe. However Lilaque discovers them and evicts Manon.
Scene 4: The library of the university.
Sometime later, Armand, Francis, and some other students are studying the work of the Roman poet Catullus. Armand is still in love with Manon but this love is fading. Francis tells Armand about Manon's robbing Lilaque and her expulsion from his house, but Armand doesn't believe it. Francis leaves angrily and Manon enters. Manon and Armand read a poem that revives their love.
Scene 5: In a bar.
Manon and Armand are together again. Armand is addicted to drugs in order to try to forget the past. Lescaut (Manon's brother) brings him cocaine in a bar and asks for Manon, who he wishes to procure for Lilaque Jr. When Manon arrives Armand gets angry with Lescaut and Lalique Jr. Manon tries to calm him and then leaves with the two men. Armand receives the message that Manon wishes to see him the next day, when Lilaque leaves. Armand is left confused.
Scene 6: The apartment of Lilaque Jr.
Armand and Manon are together in Lilaque Jr.'s bedroom. Manon is satisfied with the new situation of being under the protection of Lilaque Jr. but Armand is nostalgic for the past in which he still lives. Lescaut appears and warns Armand that he should leave before the servants find him. Armand cuts a picture out of its frame in order to sell it, but is discovered by a servant who reports the incident to Lilaque Sr. who calls the police. Lescaut fights with Lilaque Sr. until Manon shoots the old man with a revolver that had been pressed into her hand by her brother. As Lescaut and Armand flee, Manon is arrested.
Scene 7: The exterior of a prison.
Armand arrives hoping to see his former lover before she is imprisoned. The scene ends with musical numbers from the life of the couple.
References
Notes
Sources
Boyden, Matthew (2002), The Rough Guide to Opera, Rough Guides, London. .
Clements, Andrew (1998), "Boulevard Solitude", in Stanley Sadie, (Ed.), The New Grove Dictionary of Opera, Vol. One, pp. 571–572. London: Macmillan Publishers,
Work details (synopsis and libretto in German), Opera-Guide.ch
Adaptations of works by Antoine François Prévost
Operas
1952 operas
German-language operas
Operas by Hans Werner Henze
One-act operas
Operas based on plays
Operas set in France
Paris in fiction
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5380053
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Emerald%20Isle
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The Emerald Isle
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The Emerald Isle; or, The Caves of Carrig-Cleena, is a two-act comic opera, with music by Arthur Sullivan and Edward German, and a libretto by Basil Hood. The plot concerns the efforts of an Irish patriot to resist the oppressive "re-education" programme of the English, which has robbed the Irish of their cultural heritage. A quirky "Professor of Elocution" who is hired by the English to continue this "re-education" of the Irish switches sides to help the Irish defend their culture. Romantic complications cause a confrontation between the Irish patriots and the superstitious English at the supposedly haunted caves of Carric-Cleena, and disguises are employed to hold the English off; but the professor ultimately comes up with a solution that works out happily for all.
The opera premiered at the Savoy Theatre on 27 April 1901, closing on 9 November 1901 after a run of 205 performances. The opening night cast included such Savoy regulars as Robert Evett, Walter Passmore, Henry Lytton, Rosina Brandram, Isabel Jay and Louie Pounds. The opera was given a production in New York City at the Herald Square Theatre for 50 performances, opening on 1 September 1902 and closing on 18 October 1902. The New York cast included Kate Condon as Molly and Jefferson De Angelis as Bunn. It was revived in 1935 at the Prince's Theatre (now the Shaftesbury Theatre) in London.
Modern professional productions of the work have been rare. The Prince Consort (an Edinburgh-based performing group) recorded the piece in Britain live in performance at the fringe of the Edinburgh Festival in 1982. The piece was also given in Edinburgh and then Torquay, England, in 1998. Another live recording (with dialogue) was made in 2001 as a centenary production at the Alexander Theatre of the Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia, by the Gilbert and Sullivan Society of Victoria (now known as Gilbert & Sullivan Opera Victoria). Amateur groups in Britain produced the piece regularly through the 1920s and occasionally thereafter. A concert of the opera was performed by Valley Light Opera in Amherst, Massachusetts on 8 March 2008 with a narration written by Jonathan Strong. This was the first known U.S. performance of the opera with full orchestra since 1902.
History
For much of the 1890s, impresario Richard D'Oyly Carte and his wife Helen Carte had struggled to find successful shows to fill the Savoy. They finally found a winning formula in The Rose of Persia by Arthur Sullivan and Basil Hood in 1899, and the two men quickly agreed to collaborate again. However, Sullivan, who had increasingly struggled with ill health, died on 22 November 1900. At his death, Sullivan had finished two musical numbers from The Emerald Isle in their entirety, leaving behind sketches of at least the voice parts for about half of the others. The D'Oyly Carte Opera Company commissioned Edward German to complete the numbers Sullivan had sketched and to compose the rest of the opera himself. Carte himself died on 27 April 1901, and the opera was produced by his widow, Helen, who engaged William Greet as manager of the Savoy Theatre during the run of The Emerald Isle.
German, to this point, was known chiefly as a composer of orchestral and incidental music. The Emerald Isle was sufficiently successful to launch German on an operatic career. German's most famous opera was Merrie England (1902), also written with Hood, and Hood went on to a very successful career as an adapter of European operettas for the English stage.
Unlike Hood's first opera with Sullivan, The Rose of Persia, The Emerald Isle does not pay much homage to the Gilbert and Sullivan comic tradition, except for the mistaken identities and the fact that the opera was written for the same opera company and its regular performers. The plot is not reminiscent of Gilbert's topsy-turvy style, nor is there any obvious satiric point. With its Irish jigs and broad comedy, the work was more at home in the musical comedy style that had become prevalent on the London stage by the end of the 1890s. Sullivan's music has been described as "reminiscent rather than fresh", while German's contributions to the score, though partly imitative of Sullivan, marked him as a comic opera composer of promise.
Roles and original cast
The Earl of Newtown, K.P. (Lord Lieutenant of Ireland) (bass-baritone) – Jones Hewson
Dr. Fiddle, D.D. (his Private Chaplain) (tenor) – Robert Rous
Terence O'Brian (a Young Rebel) (tenor) – Robert Evett
Professor Bunn (Shakespearean Reciter, Character Impersonator, etc.) (comic baritone) – Walter Passmore
Pat Murphy (a Fiddler) (lyric baritone) – Henry A. Lytton
Irish Peasants:
Black Dan (baritone) – W. H. Leon
Mickie O'Hara (non-singing) – C. Earldon
H.M. 11th Regiment of Foot:
Sergeant Pincher (bass) – Reginald Crompton
Private Perry (non-singing) – Powis Pinder/Charles Childerstone
Sentry (non-singing)
The Countess of Newtown (contralto) – Rosina Brandram
Lady Rosie Pippin (her Daughter) (soprano) – Isabel Jay
Molly O'Grady (a Peasant Girl) (mezzo-soprano) – Louie Pounds
Susan (Lady Rosie's Maid) (mezzo-soprano) – Blanche Gaston-Murray
Peasant Girls:
Nora (non-singing) – Lulu Evans
Kathleen (soprano) – Agnes Fraser
Chorus of Irish Peasants and Soldiers of 11th Regiment of Foot
Synopsis
According to the libretto, the action takes place "About a Hundred Years Ago."
Act I
Scene: Outside the Lord Lieutenant's Country Residence.
In a picturesque Irish village, the chorus speculate that Terence O'Brian, a local hero who has long been absent abroad, will soon return. O'Brien indeed appears, but they mistake him for a Saxon (hated by the Irish) because of his English accent. He assures them that, although he was educated at Oxford, he is thoroughly Irish, and is in fact descended from one of the ancient Irish kings, Brian Boru.
Pat Murphy, a blind fiddler, tells O'Brien that the Lord Lieutenant has compelled all of the villagers to adopt English customs and speak in English accents. O'Brien vows to restore Irish customs to the district; he requires only a suitable tutor to re-educate the local people, since they have all forgotten how to be Irish.
Professor Bunn enters. He has overheard the conversation. Although the Lord Lieutenant has hired him to be the Local Professor of English Elocution, he assures them that he can also train the local peasantry to be typically Irish. O'Brien is sceptical, but as Bunn has overheard them, they decide it would be better to forcibly initiate him into their secret society, the Clan-na-Gael. O'Brien tells Bunn that the ceremony will take place at midnight, at the Caves of Carrig-Cleena.
O'Brien is secretly engaged to the Lord Lieutenant's daughter, Lady Rosie Pippin. While he goes off for a secret rendezvous, he leaves Bunn in Murphy's custody. Once they are alone, Murphy admits that he isn't blind at all; he has only feigned blindness. But he is in love with Molly O'Grady, and he wants to tell her how beautiful she is, which he cannot do unless his "blindness" is cured. He suggests that Professor Bunn impersonate a doctor, who will restore his sight. Molly then enters, but she says that if Bunn could cure Murphy, she would marry Bunn. For now, Murphy decides to remain blind, after all.
Jealous of Bunn, Murphy tells O'Brien that Bunn can't be trusted. O'Brien threatens Bunn with death, but offers him a reprieve if he can manage to get a letter to Lady Rosie's maid, which O'Brien himself has been unable to do. Bunn mesmerises the guard at the gate of the Lieutenant's, and goes inside.
Molly warns O'Brien that the Caves of Carrig-Cleena are a dangerous hiding place for the rebels, because fairies reside there. She tells him that the Fairy Cleena, their Queen, has taken a fancy to Blind Murphy, and does his house chores. (It is, in fact, Molly who has been doing them.) Molly and Murphy tell O'Brien the legend of the Fairy Cleena.
Rosie, having received O'Brien's message, comes out to greet him. From Rosie and her maid, Susan, he learns that Bunn had delivered a letter to the Lord Lieutenant himself. O'Brien is now even more convinced that Bunn can't be trusted, but as he wants to be alone with Rosie, he directs Susan to keep an eye on the Professor. However, after Bunn tells Susan he's a detective from Scotland Yard, she allows him to leave, noting that she is much enchanted by detectives. He goes into Murphy's cottage to change into a disguise, which he has brought with him.
The Lord Lieutenant enters, with the Countess and Dr. Fiddle. The Lieutenant is expecting Professor Bunn, who cannot be found. However, he has received an anonymous note warning that the rebel leader Terence O'Brien is in the area, and his hiding place is Carrig-Cleena. The Lieutenant vows to send troops to exterminate the rebels.
Molly and Murphy have overheard this. Learning that Murphy is a musician, the Lieutenant hires him to play the bagpipes, anticipating a victory over the rebels. Molly is aghast when he accepts, as she believes his loyalties should be on the Irish side.
Rosie, too, is distraught, as she fears O'Brien will be in grave danger, but it turns out O'Brien has not yet left for the caves. Rosie warns him that soldiers are on the way, and O'Brien is sure that Bunn has betrayed them. Bunn comes out of Muphy's cottage dressed as an old man, but O'Brien quickly sees through the disguise. O'Brien threatens to kill him, but Molly comes forward with an idea for deterring the soldiers. She knows they are afraid of fairies. She plans to tell them that the Caves of Carrig-Cleena are haunted, and she will impersonate the Fairy Cleena herself. Thinking quickly, Professor Bunn offers to tell the soldiers that he has been imprisoned by the fairies for the last fifty years, and that the same fate awaits them should they go near the caves. Terrence concludes that Bunn will be useful, after all.
The soldiers enter with great pomp. Molly, Bunn, and the others play out their trick, and as expected the soldiers are greatly affected by it. Murphy suggests that the fairies can cure his blindness, but Molly (impersonating the Fairy Cleena) insists that they cannot. The Lord Lieutenant orders the soldiers to attack the rebels, but they have been taken in by the ruse. Panic-stricken, the soldiers disperse.
Act II
Scene: The Caves of Carrig Cleena.
The peasant rebels nervously await the soldiers' arrival. At first, they are relieved when O'Brien tells them of Professor Bunn's successful ruse. But then Molly rushes in, and tells them the soldiers have changed their minds, and that Carrig-Cleena is now surrounded. Once again, O'Brien suspects that Professor Bunn has deceived them. Bagpipes are heard in the distance, which they all presume are played by Blind Murphy. They suspect that he, too, is a spy.
Rosie and Susan enter. The rebels are aghast to learn that O'Brien's lover is no other than the Lord Lieutenant's daughter. He explains that they had met in London, before they realized that they were on opposite sides of the conflict. He says that they are engaged, but Rosie warns that they cannot be married without her father's consent, which he would never give.
Professor Bunn arrives, and the rebels seize him. O'Brien tells Bunn that the only way he can avoid death is if he can frighten away the eight hundred English soldiers that are now surrounding the area. They develop a plan whereby Molly will once again appear as the Fairy Cleena, with her image projected on the rocks by an apparatus that Bunn provides. Bunn is to appear as a goblin. Rosie will hide behind the rocks and sing a love-song, purportedly the fairies' siren song.
Murphy arrives. He plans to pretend that he has spoken with the fairies, and is cured of his blindness. Professor Bunn decides to try the elaborate ruse. Rosie sings in the background, with Molly's image projected on the rocks. Murphy is overwhelmed, and falls senseless on the stage. O'Brien, however, is not impressed, as the idea was that Murphy would run off and tell the soldiers what had happened, frightening them away. Bunn persuades O'Brien to let him have one more try at it.
When Murphy revives, the rebels accuse him of being a spy, and they put him on trial. Molly stands up in his defence, pointing out that a blind man can't be a spy. Murphy finally admits that he has never been blind. Molly is ashamed by his deception. Terence tells Murphy that he is banished. He sings a sad farewell, and Molly is moved. She admits that she loves him.
The Sergeant enters in advance of the troops. O'Brien warns him of the dangerous Fairy Cleena. Professor Bunn bewitches the Sergeant, and when the Lord Lieutenant enters with the Countess, they find the Sergeant apparently insane. Professor Bunn tells the Lieutenant that he is a researcher looking for fairies and has found them. The Lieutenant doesn't believe him, and he asks Dr. Fiddle to confirm that fairies do not exist.
As there are no rebels around, the Lieutenant believes he has been tricked. He offers a reward of a thousand guineas to anyone who can identify the person responsible. Professor Bunn admits to writing the letter and asks for the reward. The Lieutenant says that he shall have it, but that he will also be shot for rebellion.
The rebels appear, and the Lieutenant orders their arrest. O'Brien steps forward and insists that if anyone is to be shot, he should be the first. Rosie takes her place at his side, and tells her father that they are in love. The Lieutenant insists that she may only marry a man of royal blood. O'Brien replies that he is descended from Brian Boru, an ancient King of Ireland, which removes the Lieutenant's objection, but the Lieutenant responds that O'Brien will nevertheless be shot for treason.
Professor Bunn, however, points out that all English noblemen nowadays are more than half American, and America is the friend of Ireland. Therefore, the Lieutenant is a friend of the rebels, and it would be absurd to have them shot. The Lieutenant agrees that this is conclusive, and all ends happily.
Musical numbers
Overture (includes "We don't intend to go to Carrig-Cleena", "Bedad it's for him" and the "Jig") †
Act I
1. "Have ye heard the brave news?" (Chorus of Peasants) ‡
2. "My Friends... I'm descended from Brian Boru" (Terence and Chorus)
3. "Of Viceroys though we've had" (Murphy and Chorus)
4. "If you wish to appear as an Irish type" (Bunn and Chorus)
5. "On the Heights of Glantaun" (Molly, Terence, and Murphy)
6. "Two is Company" (Rosie, Susan, Terence & Bunn)
7. Entrance of Lord Lieut., Countess and Chaplain: "I am the Lord Lieutenant" (Lord Lieut., Countess, and Dr. Fiddle)
8. "At an early stage of life" (Lord Lieut. with Rosie, Countess, and Dr. Fiddle)
9. "When Alfred's friends their king forsook" (Countess) †
10. "Oh, setting sun you bid the world good-bye" (Rosie) †
11. "Their courage high you may defy" (Rosie, Susan, Molly, Terence and Bunn)
12. Entrance of Soldiers: "That we're soldiers no doubt you will guess" (Chorus of Soldiers and Girls)
13. "Now this is the song of the Devonshire Men" (Sergeant and Chorus) †
14. Entrance of Bunn: "It is past my comprehension... Many years ago I strode" (Bunn and Molly with Chorus)
15. "Their fathers fought at Ramillies" (Ensemble)
Act II
16. "Is there anyone approachin" (Chorus of Peasant Men with Dan)
17. "Bedad, it's for him that will always employ" (Chorus of Men) †
18. "Jig" (Peasants) †
18a. "Och, the spalpeen! Let him drown!" (Chorus) †
19. "Oh have you met a man in debt" (Terence and Chorus)
20. "Twas in Hyde Park, beside the row" (Rosie, Terence, and Chorus)
21. "I cannot play at love" (Molly, Kathleen, Bunn, Rosie, and Chorus) †
22. "Oh the age, in which we're living" (Bunn, with Susan) †
23. "Sing a rhyme" (Kathleen, Terence, Bunn, Susan, and Chorus)
24. "Listen, hearken my lover" (Rosie, Terence and Murphy) †
25 "Good-bye my native town" (Murphy) †
26. "I love you! I love you!" (Molly and Murphy) †
27. "There was once a little soldier" (Terence with Chorus)
28. "With a big shillelagh" (Ensemble)
† – Number composed entirely by German
‡ – Number composed entirely by Sullivan
Notes
External links
The Emerald Isle at The Gilbert & Sullivan Archive
The Emerald Isle at The Gilbert & Sullivan Discography
Programme from the original production
Review in The Times, 29 April 1901
New York Times review of the Broadway production of Emerald Isle
IBDB listing for Emerald Isle
Operas by Arthur Sullivan
Operas by Edward German
English-language operas
English comic operas
Operas
1901 operas
Operas set in Ireland
Sullivan
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5380057
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David%20Young%20%28Labour%20politician%29
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David Young (Labour politician)
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David Wright Young (12 October 1930—1 January 2003), was a British Labour politician.
Born in Greenock, Young attended the Greenock Academy, St Paul's College in Cheltenham, and the University of Glasgow. At first he was a teacher, becoming head of the History department, but he later became an insurance executive in Coventry.
Young joined the Labour Party in 1955, and he was Chair of Coventry East Constituency Labour Party from 1964 to 1968. The Labour MP for the constituency at this time was Richard Crossman, a senior figure on the left of the party. In 1973 he was elected to Nuneaton Borough Council, serving for three years.
After a succession of candidacies in unwinnable seats (South Worcestershire in 1959, Banbury in 1966, and Bath in 1970), Young was elected to the House of Commons on his fourth attempt for Bolton East in February 1974. He served as Parliamentary Secretary to Fred Mulley from 1977 to 1979.
Following boundary changes, he became MP for Bolton South East in 1983. Although willing to continue, he was replaced as Labour candidate for the seat by Brian Iddon before the 1997 general election. Young accepted his deselection with good grace.
References
M. Stenton and S. Lees, "Who's Who of British MPs", Vol. IV (Harvester Press, 1981)
Who Was Who
1930 births
2003 deaths
Labour Party (UK) MPs for English constituencies
UK MPs 1974
UK MPs 1974–1979
UK MPs 1979–1983
UK MPs 1983–1987
UK MPs 1987–1992
UK MPs 1992–1997
Members of the Parliament of the United Kingdom for Bolton South East
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5380059
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antoniadi%20scale
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Antoniadi scale
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The Antoniadi scale is a system used by amateur astronomers to categorise the weather conditions when viewing the stars at night.
Invention
The Antoniadi scale was invented by Eugène Antoniadi, a Greek astronomer, who lived from 1870 to 1944. Living most of his life in France, he spent his time viewing Mars from Camille Flammarion's observatory. He was very prestigious and was eventually given access to the Meudon Observatory, the largest of the time.
Current usage
Now the scale is seen as the metric system of astronomy, being used as a default measurement all over the world. Until recently in 2018, astronomers have been debating whether a new system with more categories is necessary.
Description
The scale is a five-point system, with 1 being the best seeing conditions and 5 being the worst. The actual definitions are as follows:
(I.) Perfect seeing, without a quiver.
(II.) Slight quivering of the image with moments of calm lasting several seconds.
(III.) Moderate seeing with larger air tremors that blur the image.
(IV.) Poor seeing, constant troublesome undulations of the image.
(V.) Very bad seeing, hardly stable enough to allow a rough sketch to be made.
Note that the scale is usually indicated by use of a Roman numeral or an ordinary number.
Other ways of indicating seeing
Astronomers have devised several methods for defining the quality of seeing apart from the Antoniadi scale, including:
Transparency
Limiting magnitude
a light meter
References
External links
https://www.webcitation.org/5knIUG6ml?url=http://www.geocities.com/kev_woodward/seeingscale.htm archived 2009-10-25
Antoniadi_scale.html
Amateur astronomy
Observational_astronomy
Scales
Stellar astronomy
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5380063
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orghast
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Orghast
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Orghast was an experimental play based on the myth of Prometheus, written by Peter Brook and Ted Hughes, and performed in 1971 at the Festival of Arts of Shiraz-Persepolis, which was held annually from 1967 to 1977. It was performed in two parts, with the first performed at Persepolis around dusk, and the second at the nearby site of Naqsh-e Rostam at dawn.
The Play
Orghast was the International Centre for Theatre Research's first public performance at an international event. Peter Brook and Ted Hughes collaborated to create a comprehensive myth, weaving in and out of the Prometheus myth, to be performed at the Shiraz/Persepolis festival in Iran in 1971, which gave the group its first commission. It was written in part in an invented language that Hughes called Orghast, and this eventually also became the name of the piece. Classical Greek and Avesta were also used. Avesta is a two-thousand-year-old ceremonial language, in which the letters of the words contain indications of how particular sounds are intended to be heard. The piece was developed through improvisation with actors and experimentation, led by Brook and Hughes.
Brook's and Hughes' purpose in using these languages was to communicate with the audience in pure sound, in a mode in which meaning is conveyed in such a way that is intended to transcend rational discourse. According to his own descriptions, Brook's goals are related to those of sacred and ritual theater. Believing "the essence of theater to be magic," Orghast was supposed to bring the audience to alternate modes of consciousness, either "beyond themselves or below themselves."
Directed by Peter Brook in collaboration with Arby Ovanesian (Iran), Geoffrey Reeves (England) and Andrei Șerban (Romania);
Stage Set: Eugene Lee (US), Franne Lee (USA), and Jean Monod (Switzerland).
The story of this production is documented in a book by A. C. H. Smith and a chapter by Glenn Meredith.
Actors
Cameroon: Daniel Kamwa
England : Robert Lloyd, Pauline Munro, Bruce Myers, Natasha Parry, Irene Worth
France: Claude Confortès, Sylvain Corthay
Iran: Nozar Azadi, Farkhundeh Baver, Dariush Farhang, Mohamed-Bagher Ghaffari, Hushang Ghovanlou, Said Oveyesi, Parviz Porhoseini, Syavash Tahmoures, Saddredin Zahed
Japan: Katsuhiro Oida
Mali: Malick Bagayogo
Portugal: Joao Mota
Spain: Paloma Matta
USA: Michèle Collison, Andreas Katsulas, Lou Zeldis
References
External links
1971 plays
English plays
Plays based on classical mythology
Works by Ted Hughes
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5380065
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kirarin%20Revolution
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Kirarin Revolution
|
is a Japanese manga series by An Nakahara. The series ran in the shōjo manga magazine Ciao from March 2004 to June 2009, with side stories running in Pucchigumi in 2006. The manga sold a cumulative total of over 10 million copies and was awarded Best Children's Manga at the 2006 Shogakukan Manga Awards.
An anime adaptation premiered on April 7, 2006 in Japan on TV Tokyo and ran for 102 episodes until March 28, 2008. A second season with the subtitle aired from April 8, 2008 to March 27, 2009 in high-definition and 3D animation. The anime series stars Morning Musume member Koharu Kusumi, and during the show's run, she released music and made appearances at concerts and crossover television shows as the character. Starting with Kirarin Revolution Stage 3, additional cast members joined her in music activities, such as MilkyWay and Ships.
Plot
Kirari Tsukishima, a 14-year-old beauty, does not care about idols and the entertainment world because her mind is occupied by food. One day, after saving a turtle stranded in a tree, Kirari meets a boy named Seiji, who gives her a ticket to a concert to show his gratitude for her saving his pet. However, when Kirari shows up at the concert, another boy named Hiroto, tears up her ticket and warns her to stay away from Seiji, because they both live in different worlds. Kirari learns that Seiji and Hiroto are members of the idol group Ships. Finally understanding the meaning of "different worlds", Kirari refuses to give up pursuing Seiji and declares that she will also become an idol. However, being an idol requires tons of training and talent. Faced with rivals and scandals, Kirari is determined to come out as a top idol.
Characters
Main characters
Kirari is a beautiful 14-year-old girl who strives to be an idol to become closer to Seiji. She has a huge appetite for food. Despite her shortcomings and lack of talents, she manages to persevere as a result of the help she receives from her friends and her unwavering resilience. As time passes and she spends time with Hiroto, she begins to fall in love with him instead.
Na-san is Kirari's cat who acts competent and intelligent. He provides a lot of help to Kirari and protects her from danger.
Hiroto is a member of boy band Ships. Hiroto acts honest and strict towards Kirari. Despite how he treats her, he falls in love with her. Although he supports Kirari's feelings for Seiji throughout the series, he often worries about her when she faces difficult situations and is usually the one who helps her out.
Seiji is a member of boy band Ships. He is gentle and air-headed, and Kirari compares him to a prince. He has a pet turtle named .
Stage 3 characters
Noel is an original character created for the anime and part of the idol unit MilkyWay. She is an athletic girl who loves playing sports. She is in love with her childhood friend, Cloudy. She owns a pet cat named , who used to be the leader of a gang in his cat town and joins Mi-chan and Na-san in their own idol unit, Triangle.
Kobeni is an original character created for the anime and part of the idol unit MilkyWay. Kobeni is usually seen with a crystal ball. She owns a pet cat named , who used to live in luxury and joins Ni-kun and Na-san in their own idol unit, Triangle.
Recurring characters
Arashi is Kirari's childhood friend and an illusionist who moved to Osaka when they were six. He tries to get Kirari to quit the entertainment world so that she will fulfill their childhood promise of being his wife. He owns a pet cat named , who is Na-san's brother.
Erina is an idol who belongs to the same company as Kirari, yet views her Kirari as a rival and manipulates others in order to interfere with Kirari's progress. She attends the same school as Kirari, and formerly held the position of princess in her class' popularity ranks before Kirari transferred. She has a pet dog named .
Fubuki is a former model who transitioned into being an idol. She first dismisses Kirari, but she later regards her as a worthy friend and rival. Because Fubuki comes from a wealthy family and has experienced fame since childhood, she is viewed as spoiled and confidant. She owns a pet cat named , who is Na-san and Na-yan's brother, and a pet chick named , who has great physical strength.
/
Izumi is an idol working in the same company as Fubuki and views Kirari a rival for Hiroto's feelings, manipulating staff members and the media in order to keep Kirari away from him. Izumi's identity is revealed as Hiroto's childhood friend, Hyotaro, who had become an idol disguised as a girl after they had both promised each other to become idols as children. He owns a pet cat named , who wears glasses and has a crush on Na-san.
Cloudy is a new idol working for the Higashiyama Company. He flirts with Kirari as part of the company's orders to sabotage Kirari's career, but he soon falls in love with her for real and eventually quits his company. He apologizes Kirari for sabotaging her so much to the point where she couldn't take it. He also says that he will return to someone's fan and support Kirari as an idol. His real name is .
Aoi is an original character created for the anime. Dubbed the "idol queen", she is a popular idol. She acts very kind and helpful, and is Nojo's 15th top idol winner. Aoi graduates from being an idol and travels around the world pursuing a new career in music, but she and Kirari remain good friends.
Hikaru is an original character created for the anime. She is an idol trainee who Kirari mentors and forms the idol unit Kira Pika with her. At first, she acts rude towards Kirari, considering her as some sort of fool. However, she starts to respect her as she teaches her important lessons and helps her out whenever she struggles. The two eventually become close friends and Hikaru thanks Kirari for all her help at last. Afterwards, Hikaru continues her career as a solo singer after their last concert as Kira Pika ends.
Family members
Takashi is Kirari's doting father who brought up Kirari by himself. Although he is an easygoing person, he initially opposes the idea of Kirari becoming an idol, but he begins to support her after seeing how serious she is about her career.
Subaru is Kirari's brother who resides in America with the hope of having his own idol debut and currently studies acting in New York. He owns a pet cat named , who he found at Fifth Avenue.
Kirari's grandmother is an original character created for the anime. She encourages Kirari to be an idol since she is a secret fan of Ships, particularly Hiroto.
/
Luna is an original character created for the anime. She is Kirari's mother and a famous actress under the stage name . She asks Kirari to go to Hollywood with her but Kirari refuses and decides to remain in Japan, continuing to be an idol.
Managers and producers
Muranishi is the chairman of the company that Kirari and Ships belong to. He recognizes the potential that Kirari possesses and makes a lot of arrangements before and after she becomes an idol. He owns a pet mouse named , who is the director of the company and chooses the idols' jobs.
Kumoi is an original character created for the anime, but she appeared in the manga beginning in volume 9. She is Kirari's manager and was previously an idol under the name . Although externally a serious and humorless person, she is actually pleased by Kirari's willingness to do her best in every situation.
Shakujii is Erina's subservient manager, who tries to fulfill Erina's every request.
Mr. Kama is an original character created for the anime. He is Kirari and Ships' songwriter.
Higashiyama is the chairman of the Higanshiyama Company with a crush on Muranishi. Originally, she attempts to sabotage Kirari's career, but after her best stars quit and Muranishi gets upset, she concentrates on making top quality stars instead. She owns a pet alligator named .
Media
Manga
Kirarin Revolution was serialized in the monthly magazine Ciao from the March 2004 issue to the June 2009 issue. The chapters were later released in bound volumes by Shogakukan under the "Ciao Comics" imprint. A total of 14 volumes have been released. Originally, Nakahara planned Kirari's name to be "Konomi Hazuki" and Hiroto's last name to be "Tsukishima."
Anime
Kirarin Revolution was adapted into an anime series by SynergySP and G&G Entertainment in 2006. It aired on TV Tokyo from April 7, 2006 to March 27, 2008 for a total of 102 episodes. Koharu Kusumi from Morning Musume was cast as Kirari. Kusumi also performed the opening and ending theme songs, as well as releasing music under Kirari Tsukishima's name. Kusumi noted in her autobiography, 17-sai no Tenshoku, that the anime was originally supposed to last for one year, but due to the success of the show, it was renewed for two more broadcast years.
After the show's third renewal, Kirarin Revolution broadcast its second season with the subtitle Kirarin Revolution Stage 3. The show aired on TV Tokyo from April 8, 2008 to March 27, 2009, for a total of 51 episodes. It was animated by SynergySP and SimImage in 3D animation and HD format. Noel Yukino and Kobeni Hanasaki, new original characters played by Sayaka Kitahara and You Kikkawa from Hello Pro Egg, were added to the main cast. Takuya Ide and Shikou Kanai were cast as the new actors for Ships members Hiroto and Seiji.
In addition to providing the voice to Kirari, Kusumi made crossover appearances at concerts and television shows as her character, including being a recurring guest on Haromoni and Oha Suta, which made her one of the pioneers of the "idol voice actor" crossover beginning in the late 2000s. For the summer of 2007, Mai Hagiwara from Cute was cast as an anime-original character, Hikaru Mizuki, and became part of an anime-original idol subunit Kira Pika with Kusumi for a short story arc, releasing music and making in-character appearances on other television shows on TV Tokyo. During Kirarin Revolution Stage 3'''s run, the show's new format launched a singing career for new cast and allowed crossover appearances on other television shows as their characters. On April 4, 2008, Ide and Kanai appeared on Oha Suta as their characters for the first time and also had their own in-character segment on the show on Thursdays from April 10, 2008 to May 4, 2009.
In 2007, Viz Media Europe licensed the anime for European release under the title Kilari!Live-action TV series
Short live-action drama episodes were aired on Oha Suta, with small segments aired over several days. The cast from the anime series reprised their roles.
Video games
Several video games produced by Konami were released for the Nintendo DS during the show's run. All six games sold a cumulative total of 650,000 copies.
Trading card game
Atlus released a set of trading cards for the series that were compatible with the Kirarin Revolution arcade games available from November 28, 2006 to July 2009. The first set was titled . The second, released in 2008, was titled . Along with Takara Tomy's paper doll Millefeui Cards, the Kuru Kira Idol Days cards sold a combined total of 50 million pieces.
ReceptionKirarin Revolution has sold a cumulative total of over 10 million physical copies. It won the 2006 Shogakukan Manga Award for children's manga.Oricon notes that while actors releasing music as their characters have been notable, Kusumi portraying Kirari Tsukishima in voice and in a real-world context pioneered the "idol voice actor" crossover beginning in the late 2000s, along with Aya Hirano from the Haruhi Suzumiya series. Parallels have been drawn between Kusumi and Kirari, citing their similarities in age, career, and process of becoming an idol, which led Kusumi to be closely associated with the character. In the week of December 24–30, 2007, the Kirarin Revolution anime series had an average viewership rating of 2.6%. Kusumi was named #17 in Daitan Map's "Top 50 Voice Actors of Popular Characters" in 2007 for her role as Kirari.
On his review of the first volume, Carlo Santos from Anime News Network highlighted the focus on friendship, the story's light-hearted tone, and clean artwork as attractive to young readers; at the same time, Santos mentions the story presents a wish fulfillment fantasy and advises critics of the idol industry to "avoid the series entirely." Kirarin Revolution was ranked #6 on Anime News Network'''s list of "6 Idols that Fandom Forgot", with Lynzee Loveridge stating that despite the series' long run, it failed to attract an audience outside of its target demographic and was quickly forgotten after its end.
Notes
References
External links
Kirarin Revolution Official web site - Japan
TV Tokyo Kirarin Revolution Official Homepage - Japan
Konami's Kirarin Revolution-Nintendo DS games Official Website - Japan
2004 manga
Animated musical groups
Children's manga
2006 anime television series debuts
Japanese children's animated comedy television series
Japanese idols in anime and manga
Romantic comedy anime and manga
Shogakukan manga
Shōjo manga
TV Tokyo original programming
TVB
Video games featuring female protagonists
Viz Media anime
Winners of the Shogakukan Manga Award for children's manga
Animated television series about teenagers
Magical girl anime and manga
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5380067
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/81%20mm%20mortar
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81 mm mortar
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An 81 mm mortar is a medium-weight mortar. It is a smooth-bore, muzzle-loading, high-angle-of-fire weapon used for long-range indirect fire support to light infantry, air assault, and airborne units across the entire front of a battalion zone of influence.
Many countries use or used an 81 mm mortar in their armed forces. Examples are:
Finland – 81 KRH 71 Y
France – Brandt Mle 27/31
Germany – Granatwerfer 34
Greece – E44-E 81 mm Mortar
Italy – Mortaio da 81/14 Modello 35
Myanmar – BA-90 and MA-8
United Kingdom – L16 81mm mortar
United States – M252 mortar
Turkey – MKE 81mm UT1 & MKE 81mm NT1
Warsaw Pact countries and China use a similar 82 mm caliber for the same purpose.
References
See also
:Category:81mm mortars
:Category:82 mm artillery
Infantry mortars
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5380074
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shadiwal
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Shadiwal
|
Shadiwal () is a village in the district of Gujrat, Pakistan. It is situated between the rivers Chenab and Jhelum. It was a small village at the end of last century but is now a developed town with a town committee. The development of Shadiwal began with the construction of a power plant on the upper Jhelum canal during the 1960s
References
Villages in Gujrat District
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5380090
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juke%20Boy%20Bonner
|
Juke Boy Bonner
|
Weldon H. Philip Bonner, better known as Juke Boy Bonner (March 22, 1932 – June 29, 1978) was an American blues singer, harmonica player, and guitarist. He was influenced by Lightnin' Hopkins, Jimmy Reed, and Slim Harpo. He accompanied himself on guitar, harmonica, and drums in songs such as "Going Back to the Country", "Life Is a Nightmare", and "Struggle Here in Houston".
Career
Born in Bellville, Texas, Bonner was one of nine children; his parents died when he was very young. Raised by a neighbor's family, he moved in with his older sister in 1945. At the age of twelve he taught himself to play the guitar. He gained the nickname "Juke Boy" as a youth, because he frequently sang in local juke joints. Starting a musical career as teenager, he won the first prize at local disc jockey Trummie Cain's weekly talent show at the Lincoln Theater in Houston, Texas in 1948. Through this he secured a 15-minute radio slot on a show operated by the record retailer Henry Atlas. After having three children with his wife, she left him to look after the children by himself.
Between 1954 and 1957, he recorded several singles for the Irma record label, based in Oakland, California, but not all were released at the time. In 1960 he recorded again, for Goldband Records, Storyville Records, and Jan & Dill Records.
In 1963 Bonner was diagnosed with a large stomach ulcer, and almost half of his stomach was removed by surgery. The shock of the operation, plus the social climate of the times (which included civil rights riots and the assassination of President John F. Kennedy), led Bonner to begin writing poetry, some of which was published in the Houston Forward Times, a weekly newspaper. Recovering from surgery, Bonner worked as an RCA record distributor in Houston. Once his strength returned he began playing gigs again in that area.
In 1967, Bonner recorded his first album for the Flyright Records. Chris Strachwitz's Arhoolie label released two albums, I'm Going Back to the Country (1968) and The Struggle (1969) (Arhoolie would later issue some of Bonner's unreleased 1967–1974 recordings on Ghetto Poet, in 2003). Bonner recorded mostly original song material through his recording career. He was a guest at the Ann Arbor Blues Festival, the American Folk Blues Festival, and the Montreux Blues and Rock Festival. He toured Europe in 1969 with Clifton Chenier and Magic Sam.
In 1972, he released an LP for Sonet Records, and in 1975 another one for the Houston-based Home Cooking Records. However, he was not able to support himself from his music, because of a lack of demand for his work. He continued to perform and record sporadically, but he had no choice but to take a minimum wage job at a chicken-processing plant in Houston.
Death
Bonner's last performance was at a Juneteenth festival at Houston's Miller Outdoor Theatre. Less than two weeks later, on June 29, 1978, he died in his apartment, aged forty-six, of cirrhosis of the liver.
Discography
Studio albums
The One Man Trio (Flyright, 1967)
I'm Going Back to the Country (Arhoolie, 1968)
The Struggle (Arhoolie, 1969)
Things Ain't Right (Liberty, 1969)
The Legacy of the Blues, vol. 5 (Sonet, 1976)
Live album
Last Live Recording (Juneteenth Blues Festival 1978) (Lunar, 1981)
Compilations
The Adventures of Juke Boy Bonner in AuthentiCity (Home Cooking, 1980)
The Texas Blues Troubadour (Home Cooking, 1989)
They Call Me "Juke Boy" (Ace, 1989)
Juke Boy Bonner 1960–1967 (Flyright, 1991)
Life Gave Me a Dirty Deal (Arhoolie, 1993)
Jumpin' with Juke Boy (Collectables, 1993)
I Live Where the Action Is (Rockin' Blues, 1997)
Ghetto Poet (Arhoolie, 2003)
Nowhere to Run (Blues Factory, 2004)
See also
List of Texas blues musicians
List of West Coast blues musicians
List of electric blues musicians
References
External links
Illustrated Juke Boy Bonner discography
[ Bonner biography] at Allmusic website
Arhoolie Records discography
Sources
Sheldon Harris. Blues Who's Who
Strachwitz, Chris & Skoog, Larry. (1968, 1992). Life Gave Me A Dirty Deal Audio CD (Liner notes). Arhoolie CD375.
1932 births
1978 deaths
Deaths from cirrhosis
20th-century African-American male singers
American blues guitarists
American male guitarists
American blues singers
Songwriters from Texas
Electric blues musicians
Texas blues musicians
West Coast blues musicians
20th-century American guitarists
Guitarists from Texas
Arhoolie Records artists
African-American songwriters
African-American guitarists
American male songwriters
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5380115
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Media%20coverage%20of%20Hurricane%20Katrina
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Media coverage of Hurricane Katrina
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Many representatives of the news media reporting on the aftermath of Hurricane Katrina became directly involved in the unfolding events, instead of simply reporting. Due to the loss of most means of communication, such as land-based and cellular telephone systems, field reporters in many cases became conduits for information between victims and authorities.
Media involvement
Several reporters for various news agencies located groups of stranded victims, and reported their location via satellite uplink. Authorities, who monitored the network news broadcasts, would then attempt to coordinate rescue efforts based on the news reports. This was best illustrated when Shepard Smith and Geraldo Rivera of Fox News, among others, reported thousands of people stranded at the Ernest N. Morial Convention Center. Rivera tearfully pleaded for authorities to either send help or let the people leave. Geraldo Rivera went so far as to compare the convention center to Willowbrook State School.
Many journalists also contributed to the spread of false rumors of lawlessness among the victims, which many have been interpreted as an instance of yellow journalism. Many news organizations carried the unsubstantiated accounts that murder and rape were widespread, and in some cases later repeated the claims as fact, without attribution. However, only one actual report of a raping occurred during the uproar. A few of the reports of rape and violence were based on statements made by New Orleans city officials, including the Chief of Police. Many officials later claimed these rumors often impeded the relief and rescue efforts.
For some, the hurricane was a career-defining event. For example, Vanity Fair qualified Brian Williams' (of NBC) work regarding Katrina as “Murrow-worthy” and reported that during the hurricane he became “a nation’s anchor.” The New York Times characterised William's reporting of the hurricane as “a defining moment.”[20] Later, questions were raised about this reporting by the Times-Picayune of New Orleans.
Some issues of racial bias in media coverage began to surface as Caucasian flood victims were portrayed in one Agence France-Presse photo as "finding" supplies, while a black person was described in an Associated Press photo as "looting" supplies. The photographers later clarified the two stories, one claiming he witnessed the black person looting a flooded store, while the other photographer described the white people as finding the food floating in floodwaters. The image was widely reused on the internet in various modified forms, and was known as "Lootie". This was also criticized as an example of pervasive racism.
Media reporting also included coverage of political and religious leaders who suggested that the hurricane which killed 1,836 people was sent as a divine retribution for the sins of New Orleans, or of the South, or for the United States as a whole.
The news media, both traditional and Internet, also played a role in helping families locate missing loved ones. Many family members, unable to contact local authorities in the affected areas, discovered the fate of a loved one via an online photo or television video clip. In one instance, a family in Clearwater, Florida discovered their mother was still alive in Bay St. Louis, Mississippi after seeing a photo of her on TampaBayStart.com, a regional news site.
The storm also brought a dramatic rise in the role of Internet sites—especially blogging and community journalism. One example was the effort of NOLA.com, the web affiliate of New Orleans' Times-Picayune, which was awarded the Breaking News Pulitzer Prize, and shared the Public Service Pulitzer with the Biloxi-based Sun Herald. The newspaper's coverage was carried for days only on NOLA's blogs, as the newspaper lost its presses and evacuated its building as water rose around it on August 30. The site became an international focal point for news by local media, and also became a vital link for rescue operations and later for reuniting scattered residents, as it accepted and posted thousands of individual pleas for rescue on its blogs and forums. NOLA was monitored constantly by an array of rescue teams—from individuals to the Coast Guard—which used information in rescue efforts. Much of this information was relayed from trapped victims via the SMS functions of their cell phones, to friends and relatives outside the area, who then relayed the information back to NOLA.com. The aggregation of community journalism, user photos and the use of the internet site as a collaborative response to the storm attracted international attention, and was called a watershed moment in journalism. In the wake of these online-only efforts, the Pulitzer Committee for the first time opened all its categories to online entries.
Restrictions on the media
As the U.S. military and rescue services regained control over the city, there were restrictions on the activity of the media.
On September 9, Lt. Gen. Russel L. Honoré, the military leader of the relief effort, announced that reporters would have "zero access" to efforts to recover bodies in New Orleans. Journalist Brian Williams also reported that in the process of blocking journalists, police even went so far as to threaten reporters with a weapon. However, at refugee centers such as the Houston Astrodome, press activity was extensive. Immediately following the government decision, CNN filed a lawsuit and obtained a temporary restraining order against the federal ban. The next day, spokesperson Col. Christian E. deGraff announced that the government would no longer attempt to bar media access to the victim recovery efforts.
On September 7, KATU journalist Brian Barker reported that his team was threatened with automatic weapons by U.S. Marshals until they were identified by Brig. Gen. Doug Pritt, commander of the 41st Brigade Combat Team of Oregon, the unit they were embedded with. Subsequently, his team taped the letters "TV" on the side of their vehicles in accordance with standard practice in war zones.
Toronto Star staff photojournalist Lucas Oleniuk was thrown to the ground by police in the French Quarter after taking several photographs, including pictures of a firefight between looters and police and the subsequent alleged beating of a looter by the police. The police attempted to take all of his equipment, however he convinced them to just take his camera's memory cards. In a separate incident, freelance photojournalist Marko Georgiev took photos of a body presumably shot and killed by the police. Police then pointed their weapons at the car and ordered the journalists out. They proceeded to search the car and confiscated one of Georgiev's memory cards.
References
External links
transcript of CNN v. Michael Brown suit filed against Federal Emergency Management Agency director Michael D. Brown challenging policy to keep journalists from areas where recovery of the dead was going on.
Archive of newspaper front page images from 8/30/2005, 8/31/2005, 9/1/2005, 9/2/2005, 9/3/2005, and 9/4/2005 from the Newseum.
Hurricane Katrina
Hurricane Katrina
2005 in mass media
Katrina media coverage
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