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17338278 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brunswick%20Town%20Historic%20District | Brunswick Town Historic District | The Brunswick Town Historic District encompasses the ruins of colonial Brunswick Town, North Carolina, the Civil War-era Fort Anderson, St. Philip's Church Ruins, and the remains of Russellborough, the home of two colonial governors. The district is located in the Smithville Township of Brunswick County, between Wilmington and Southport. In September 1978, the Brunswick Town Historic District was added to the U.S. National Register of Historic Places.
See also
National Register of Historic Places listings in Brunswick County, North Carolina
References
Further reading
External links
Brunswick Town/Fort Anderson at North Carolina Historic Sites (nchistoricsites.org)
Brunswick Town at NCpedia (ncpedia.org)
Archaeological sites on the National Register of Historic Places in North Carolina
Geography of Brunswick County, North Carolina
Historic American Engineering Record in North Carolina
Historic districts on the National Register of Historic Places in North Carolina
National Register of Historic Places in Brunswick County, North Carolina
Protected areas established in 1978
Protected areas of Brunswick County, North Carolina |
20478772 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zdzis%C5%82aw%20Stycze%C5%84 | Zdzisław Styczeń | Zdzisław Styczeń (16 October 1894, in Przemyśl – 20 December 1978, in Kraków) was a footballer from Poland (midfielder) who played for such clubs as Cracovia and Wisła Kraków. He played in the first game of the Poland national football team. Styczeń was also a part of the Poland national football team that participated in the 1924 Summer Olympics.
References
External links
Player profile on pkol.pl
1894 births
1978 deaths
Polish footballers
Poland international footballers
MKS Cracovia (football) players
Wisła Kraków players
Olympic footballers of Poland
Footballers at the 1924 Summer Olympics
People from Przemyśl
Sportspeople from Podkarpackie Voivodeship
Polish Austro-Hungarians
People from the Kingdom of Galicia and Lodomeria
Association football midfielders |
6905643 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prickett%27s%20Fort%20State%20Park | Prickett's Fort State Park | Prickett's Fort State Park is a West Virginia state park north of Fairmont, near the confluence of Prickett's Creek and the Monongahela River. The park features a reconstructed refuge fort and commemorates life on the Virginia frontier during the late 18th century.
Historic fort
Historic Prickett’s Fort was built to defend early European settlers of what today is West Virginia from raids by hostile Native Americans, a portion of whose territory the settlers appropriated after the Treaty of Fort Stanwix (1768). After a band of settlers led by Daniel Greathouse perpetrated the Yellow Creek massacre in 1774, initiating Lord Dunmore's War, all settlers in the Ohio River Valley were in peril from Native American attack.
Because there was safety in numbers, the settlers built a number of refuge forts, including one on the homestead of Jacob Prickett. Fairly simple in design, Prickett’s Fort was little more than a hundred-foot-square log palisade built around Prickett’s house. Native Americans tended to avoid such strong points, preferring to ambush small work parties.
When the frontiersmen believed they were in danger of Native American attack, families gathered at such a fortified area, a procedure called “forting up.” In 1774, there were at least a hundred such palisades, blockhouses, and “stations” in the Monongahela Valley, many within a thirty-mile radius of Prickett’s Fort. Perhaps as many as eighty families—several hundred people—gathered at Prickett’s Fort during crisis periods, where they stayed for days or even weeks. Prickett’s Fort was never attacked, although militiamen from the confluence area were killed by Native Americans elsewhere.
Reconstruction
The last written mention of Prickett’s Fort occurred in 1780. In 1916, the Sons of the American Revolution dedicated a monument in honor of settlers who built the fort. When, in 1973, the traditional site of the fort was threatened by a Department of Natural Resources parking lot, the Marion County Historical Society created the Prickett’s Fort Memorial Foundation and announced plans to reconstruct the historic structure. Discovering that the original fort site had probably been destroyed by the building of a railroad bridge in 1905, the Foundation decided to put the reconstruction on a small hill overlooking the river. Many old buildings donated to the project were torn down to provide timbers for the reconstruction. A Reconstruction Details Committee decided to design the fort reconstruction on the basis of a description by Stephen Morgan, the son of an early settler. The current reconstruction is 110 feet square with two-story blockhouses at each corner, fourteen small cabins lining internal walls, and a meeting house and store house in the common area. Unfortunately, the Morgan account was an inaccurate, perhaps even fraudulent, guide. The Prickett’s Fort Memorial Foundation describes the 1974 reconstruction as “much more elaborate” than the original but claims that every feature in the reconstruction might have been found at some refuge fort in the region.
Features
In the reconstructed fort, the Foundation presents third-person interpretation of such 18th-century crafts as carpentry, blacksmithing, and spinning. A visitor center—managed by the Foundation under long-term contract with the state—includes a research library, a gift shop, and a gallery with an orientation exhibit and video.
Immediately south of the fort reconstruction, the Job Prickett House, built in 1859 by a great-grandson of Jacob Prickett, displays original furnishings and tools. This typical 19th-century farmhouse is listed on the National Register of Historic Places.
Recreational facilities at Pricketts Fort include a 400-seat outdoor amphitheater, picnic areas, nature trails, and a boat launch. The outdoor amphitheater is used by the Fairmont State University theatre department each summer for musicals and dramatic productions. Prickett’s Fort State Park provides access to both the MCPARC trail to Fairmont and the Mon River Trail to Morgantown. An accessibility study by West Virginia University determined that most park features were accessible to persons with disabilities.
See also
Jacob Prickett, Jr. Log House
List of West Virginia state parks
State park
References
External links
Colonial forts in West Virginia
Forts in West Virginia
Living museums in West Virginia
Museums in Marion County, West Virginia
Protected areas established in 1975
Protected areas of Marion County, West Virginia
State parks of West Virginia
National Register of Historic Places in Marion County, West Virginia
Military and war museums in West Virginia
Forts on the National Register of Historic Places in West Virginia
Rebuilt buildings and structures in West Virginia
IUCN Category III |
17338292 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AMG-1 | AMG-1 | AMG-1 (part of the AM cannabinoid series) is an analgesic drug which is a cannabinoid agonist. It is a derivative of Δ8-THC with a rigidified and extended 3-position side chain. AMG-1 is a potent agonist at both CB1 and CB2 with moderate selectivity for CB1, with a Ki of 0.6 nM at CB1 vs 3.1 nM at CB2.
See also
O-823
AMG-41
References
Cannabinoids
Benzochromenes
Phenols
Alkyne derivatives |
20478773 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germinal%20Peiro | Germinal Peiro | Germinal Peiro (born September 15, 1953 in Lézignan-Corbières, Aude) Is a French politician who was a member of the National Assembly of France. He represented Dordogne's 4th constituency from 1997 to 2017 as a member of the Socialiste, radical, citoyen et divers gauche.
He was Mayor of Castelnaud-la-Chapelle from 14 March 1983 to 4 April 2014.
References
1953 births
Living people
People from Aude
Socialist Party (France) politicians
Mayors of places in Nouvelle-Aquitaine
Deputies of the 12th National Assembly of the French Fifth Republic
Deputies of the 13th National Assembly of the French Fifth Republic
Deputies of the 14th National Assembly of the French Fifth Republic |
17338295 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Launggyaung | Launggyaung | Launggyaung is a village in Chipwi Township in Myitkyina District in the Kachin State of north-eastern Burma.
References
External links
Satellite map at Maplandia.com
Populated places in Kachin State
Chipwi Township |
20478774 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Next%20Movement | The Next Movement | "The Next Movement" is a single by The Roots from their fourth album Things Fall Apart (1999). The track features scratching from DJ Jazzy Jeff and background vocals from R&B duo Jazzyfatnastees. Randall Roberts of the Riverfront Times called it "one of the best singles of the '90s". Charles Stone III directed the song's music video.
Track listing
"The Next Movement" (radio version) – 3:45
"You Got Me (The Q-Cru Radio Mix)" (featuring Erykah Badu) – 3:45
"Without a Doubt" (radio version) – 3:08
"The Next Movement" (instrumental) – 4:30
References
External links
"The Next Movement" music video at YouTube
"The Next Movement" at Sessions@AOL
1999 singles
The Roots songs
1999 songs
MCA Records singles |
20478777 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gilbert%20Le%20Bris | Gilbert Le Bris | Gilbert Le Bris (born March 3, 1949 in Concarneau) is a former member of the National Assembly of France. He represented the 8th constituency of the Finistère department from 2002 to 2017, and was a member of the Socialiste, radical, citoyen et divers gauche group.
References
1949 births
Living people
People from Concarneau
Socialist Party (France) politicians
Deputies of the 12th National Assembly of the French Fifth Republic
Deputies of the 13th National Assembly of the French Fifth Republic
Deputies of the 14th National Assembly of the French Fifth Republic |
17338299 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Famulus | Famulus | Famulus (possibly Fabulus, Fabullus, or Amulius) was a fresco painter famous for his work in the Domus Aurea, Rome, that was commissioned by Nero.
Because he was mentioned by Pliny the Elder, he is one of the earliest artists in Europe for which a contemporary biography survives.
Biography
Famulus and assistants from his studio covered a large amount of the Domus Aurea wall with frescoes. Pliny, in his Natural History, recounts how Famulus went for only a few hours each day to the Golden House, to work while the light was right. Pliny the Elder presents him as one of the principal painters of the domus aurea:
More recently, lived Amulius, a grave and serious personage, but a painter in the florid style. By this artist there was a Minerva, which had the appearance of always looking at the spectators, from whatever point it was viewed. He only painted a few hours each day, and then with the greatest gravity, for he always kept the toga on, even when in the midst of his implements. The Golden Palace of Nero was the prison-house of this artist's productions, and hence it is that there are so few of them to be seen elsewhere."
The Domus Aurea frescoes' effect on Renaissance artists was profound; it can be seen most obviously in Raphael's decoration for the loggias in the Vatican. The white walls, delicate swags, and bands of frieze — framed reserves containing figures or landscapes — have returned at intervals ever since, notably in late 18th century Neoclassicism, making Famulus one of the most influential painters in the history of art.
Art historian Nunzio Giustozzi writes that Famulus painted in Style IV, impressionist-like coloring with deep blue, green, indigo, purple, and cinnabar red, including motion and animation in the artwork. Famulus is credited with large mythological scenes, now lost, much like the large panel Achilles at Skyros.
References
Artists from Rome |
20478782 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gilbert%20Mathon | Gilbert Mathon | Gilbert Mathon (born May 7, 1941 in Vitry-en-Artois) is a member of the National Assembly of France. He represents the Somme department, and is a member of the Socialiste, radical, citoyen et divers gauche.
References
1941 births
Living people
People from Pas-de-Calais
Politicians from Hauts-de-France
Socialist Party (France) politicians
Deputies of the 13th National Assembly of the French Fifth Republic |
17338301 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Launghpam | Launghpam | Launghpam is a village in Chipwi Township in Myitkyina District in the Kachin State of north-eastern Burma.
References
External links
Satellite map at Maplandia.com
Populated places in Kachin State
Chipwi Township |
17338304 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laungkaw | Laungkaw | Laungkaw is a village in Chipwi Township in Myitkyina District in the Kachin State of north-eastern Burma.
References
External links
Satellite map at Maplandia.com
Populated places in Kachin State
Chipwi Township |
17338308 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lawngkyaw | Lawngkyaw | Lawngkyaw is a village in Chipwi Township in Myitkyina District in the Kachin State of north-eastern Burma.
References
External links
Satellite map at Maplandia.com
Populated places in Kachin State
Chipwi Township |
20478786 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gilles%20Bourdouleix | Gilles Bourdouleix | Gilles Bourdouleix (born 15 April 1960 in Angers, Maine-et-Loire) is a French politician and former member of the National Assembly of France. He was the deputy for Maine-et-Loire's 5th constituency from 2002 to 2017. He is also the former spokesman of the National Centre of Independents and Peasants, of which he has been the president since 24 October 2009. Bourdouleix was a founding member of the Union of Democrats and Independents, a party from which he resigned on 24 July 2013.
Political life
Gilles Bourdouleix was elected mayor of Cholet the first time on 19 June 1995 with a lead of 148 votes. He succeeded Maurice Ligot who was his chief of staff. He was elected mayor again in the second round of voting in March 2001 with 61.69% of the votes. He was again reelected in 2008.
In 2002, Bourdouleix was elected a member of the National Assembly of France as a member of the UMP. He has continued to serve in the office since then, though switching parties to Union of Democrats and Independents for his third election in 2012 and then leaving parties all together in August 2013. Bourdouleix represents the department of Maine-et-Loire.
Controversy
In July 2013, French blogger Benjamin Charles-Lemaire revealed that Bourdouleix said Adolf Hitler had not killed enough Romani people. Bourdouleix, who had been faced with Nazi salutes and accusations of racism, is said to have stated about a group of Romani people in exasperation, "It's almost as if Hitler didn't kill enough [of them]." On 22 July these remarks were reported in the French newspaper Le Courrier de l'Ouest which led to a significant political outcry against Bourdouleix. Bourdouleix went on to defend himself saying, "You all call me Hitler, and you think that's okay, no?" He then went on to clarify, "[I said that] if I were Hitler, these people here would be killed. There, that's basically what I said."
After Bourdouleix refuted comments published by Lemaire, Le Courrier de l'Ouest published audio recording in order to verify their claims, and a forensic analysis of the recording certified it as authentic. This, along with the initial accusations, led to an investigation of Bourdouleix by the Criminal Court of Angers which charged him with condoning crimes against humanity and defamation of the newspaper Le Courrier de l'Ouest. On 23 January 2014 Bourdouleix was found guilty of the charge and was fined 3,000 euros, though his fine was suspended. On 12 August 2014 Bourdouleix's conviction was upheld by the Court of Appeal. On 15 December 2015 the Court of Appeal cancelled the sentence.
References
1960 births
Living people
People from Angers
National Centre of Independents and Peasants politicians
Mayors of places in Pays de la Loire
People from Cholet
Union for a Popular Movement politicians
Deputies of the 12th National Assembly of the French Fifth Republic
Deputies of the 13th National Assembly of the French Fifth Republic
Deputies of the 14th National Assembly of the French Fifth Republic
Union of Democrats and Independents politicians |
17338309 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hiku | Hiku | Hiku (, also Romanized as Hīkū; also known as Hī Kūh and Hīkūh) is a village in Chashm Rural District, Shahmirzad District, Mehdishahr County, Semnan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 62, in 29 families.
References
Populated places in Mehdishahr County |
6905651 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Castlewood%20State%20Park | Castlewood State Park | Castlewood State Park is a public recreation area and Missouri state park occupying which straddle the Meramec River in St. Louis County, Missouri. The most visited section of the state park lies on the north side of the Meramec; the park acreage on the south side of the river is accessed from Lone Elk County Park and includes the World Bird Sanctuary.
History
Lincoln Beach
In the early 20th century, the area of the park was a developed resort town, Lincoln Beach.
Lincoln Beach existed from about 1915 into the 1940s, with its highest popularity in the 1920s. The Missouri Pacific Railroad ran regular service from St Louis to Lincoln Beach, and the resort hosted around 10,000 visitors on summer weekends.
Venues included the popular Lincoln Lodge and the Lone Wolf Club, a private speakeasy serving liquor illegally (prohibition was in effect from 1920 to 1933).
After World War II, visitor numbers steadily declined, due to factors including the advent of air conditioning and the switch to automobile transport (which allowed people to choose spots alternative to the railroad-served Lincoln Beach.
By the 21st century, few traces remained of Lincoln Beach. All the buildings were destroyed over time, and the man-made beach itself was entirely washed away by regular flooding. A few foundations and ruins survive in the woods, and the concrete grand staircase which runs from the bottomlands up into the bluff remains in use by hikers, as does another, wooden, staircase.
State park
Castlewood State Park was established as a state park in 1974.
The park has a history of fatalities due to the Meramac River. Since June 30, 2004, there has been a total of 16 deaths along the river within the park. Of the 12 drowning deaths, only one was the result of intoxication. The most deadly incident occurred on July 9, 2006. Five children died in a mishap along the river during a church outing. Joseph Miller, 16, lost his footing on one of the river's unexpected dropoffs and was swept away by an undertow. Damon Johnson, 17, attempted to rescue Miller, but was also swept away. Damon's siblings, Dana Johnson (13), Ryan Mason (14) and Bryant Barnes (10), tried to rescue him. Deandre Sherman (16) also waded in to try to save their friends. All of the children, with the exception of Joseph Miller, drowned.
A comprehensive list of fatalities as of 2021 includes: 19-year-old unnamed male (2004), 13 year old Dana Johnson (2006), 10 year old Bryant James (2006), 16 year old Joseph Miller (2006), 14 year old Ryan Mason (2006), 16 year old Deandre Sherman (2006), 15-year-old Isaiah Green (2007), 18-year-old Luis Baez Gonzales (2011), 20 year old Salvatore Jasso (2011), 21 year old Philip Schwalm (2012), 18 year old Henry Manu (2016), 17 year old Samuel Neal (2016), 12 year old Deniya Johnson (2018), 35 year old Rose Shaw (2018), 16 year old Kara Wrice (2021), 19 year old Juan Sajbin (2022)
A retired hydrologist for the Army Corps Of Engineers, Gary Dyhouse, remarked that the slope of the Meramac River is steeper than all other rivers in the area. According to Metro West Fire Chief Mike Krause, these sudden dropoffs, combined with the river's swift currents, are what cause swimmers to drown.
Activities and amenities
The park offers fishing and boating on the Meramec River and more than 26 miles of trails for hiking, mountain biking and equestrian use.
References
External links
Castlewood State Park Missouri Department of Natural Resources
Castlewood State Park Map Missouri Department of Natural Resources
State parks of Missouri
Protected areas established in 1974
Protected areas of St. Louis County, Missouri
1974 establishments in Missouri
Tourist attractions in St. Louis |
20478792 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gilles%20Carrez | Gilles Carrez | Gilles Carrez (born 29 August 1948 in Paris) is a French politician of the Republicans who serves as a member of the National Assembly of France, representing the Val-de-Marne's 5th constituency.
He is not standing for re-election in the 2022 French legislative election.
Political positions
Carrez is the author of the 1996 Carrez law which obliges the vendor of a property lot (or fraction of a lot) in a condominium to specifically mention the surface area in all documents relating to the property sold.
In response to a 2019 law authorizing the sale of the government's controlling stake in Groupe ADP, Carrez supported a cross-party initiative which called for a referendum to overturn the legislation, citing concerns over the loss of government revenue and influence.
Controversy
In October 2014, Carrez was found to have avoided paying the French solidarity tax on wealth (ISF) for three years by applying a 30 percent tax allowance on one of his homes. However, he had previously converted the home into an SCI, a private, limited company to be used for rental purposes. The 30 percent allowance does not apply to SCI holdings. Once this was revealed, Carrez declared, "if the tax authorities think that I should pay the wealth tax, I won't argue." At the time, Carrez was one of more than 60 French parliamentarians battling with the tax offices over 'dodgy' asset declarations.
References
1948 births
Living people
HEC Paris alumni
École nationale d'administration alumni
Politicians from Paris
Rally for the Republic politicians
Union for a Popular Movement politicians
The Republicans (France) politicians
Mayors of places in Île-de-France
Deputies of the 12th National Assembly of the French Fifth Republic
Deputies of the 13th National Assembly of the French Fifth Republic
Deputies of the 14th National Assembly of the French Fifth Republic
Deputies of the 15th National Assembly of the French Fifth Republic |
6905655 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gastric%20plexuses | Gastric plexuses | The superior gastric plexus (gastric or coronary plexus) accompanies the left gastric artery along the lesser curvature of the stomach, and joins with branches from the left vagus nerve.
The term "inferior gastric plexus" is sometimes used to describe a continuation of the hepatic plexus.
Additional images
References
External links
Nerve plexus
Nerves of the torso |
20478796 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gilles%20Cocquempot | Gilles Cocquempot | Gilles Cocquempot (born 22 October 1952 in Éperlecques) is a member of the National Assembly of France. He represented the Pas-de-Calais department, as a member of the Socialiste, radical, citoyen et divers gauche.
References
1952 births
Living people
People from Pas-de-Calais
Politicians from Hauts-de-France
Socialist Party (France) politicians
Deputies of the 11th National Assembly of the French Fifth Republic
Deputies of the 12th National Assembly of the French Fifth Republic
Deputies of the 13th National Assembly of the French Fifth Republic |
6905697 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lilhac | Lilhac | Lilhac () is a commune in the Haute Garonne department in southwestern France.
Population
Local inhabitants are called Lilhacais.
Geography
Lilhac lies roughly 65 km southwest from Toulouse. Its altitude at the highest point is 380 metres, and covers an area of 730ha or 7.3 km².
The river Touch has its source in the commune.
History
Lilhac was registered as a commune in 1668. The local church, Eglise St-Quitterie, dedicated to Saint Quiteria, dates to before the 18th century.
See also
Communes of the Haute-Garonne department
References
Communes of Haute-Garonne
1668 establishments in France |
20478802 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gilles%20d%27Ettore | Gilles d'Ettore | Gilles d'Ettore (born 23 May 1968 in Agde, Hérault) was a member of the National Assembly of France. He represented Hérault's 7th constituency from 2007 to 2012 as a member of the Union for a Popular Movement.
References
1968 births
Living people
People from Agde
The Republicans (France) politicians
Union for a Popular Movement politicians
The Popular Right
Mayors of places in Occitania (administrative region)
Deputies of the 13th National Assembly of the French Fifth Republic
French people of Italian descent |
23577473 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oaky%20River | Oaky River | Oaky River, a perennial stream of the Macleay River catchment, is located in the Northern Tablelands district of New South Wales, Australia.
Course and features
Oaky River rises on the southern slopes of Round Mountain, the highest peak of the Snowy Range, a spur of the Great Dividing Range south southwest of Ebor, and flows generally southwest, joined by one minor tributary before reaching its confluence with the Chandler River, southwest of Jeogla. The river descends over its course; rapidly descending into a deep gorge where it meets the Chandler River.
The upper reaches of Oaky River are transversed by the Waterfall Way between Wollomombi and Ebor.
Oaky River and its tributaries are trout streams and platypus may be sighted in the waters.
Reservoir & Hydroelectric Power Station
The river is impounded by Oaky River Dam, located approximately from Armidale. At capacity, the dam covers around and holds of water. A hydroelectric power station is located at the dam and the flow of water is used to generate electricity. The power station has five turbines that generate . Zihni Buzo, an Albanian migrant and Harvard-educated civil engineer was the leading engineer on the construction of the dam and hydroelectric scheme. This dam burst in February 2013 and is no longer viable.
See also
List of rivers of Australia
Rivers of New South Wales
References
External links
Rivers of New South Wales
Northern Tablelands |
20478807 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gis%C3%A8le%20Bi%C3%A9mouret | Gisèle Biémouret | Gisèle Biémouret (born 16 June 1952) is a member of the National Assembly of France and has represented Gers's 2nd constituency since 2007. She is a member of the SRC parliamentary group.
She is not standing for re-election in the 2022 French legislative election.
References
External links
Gisèle Biémouret blog
1952 births
Living people
People from Gers
21st-century French women politicians
Women members of the National Assembly (France)
Deputies of the 13th National Assembly of the French Fifth Republic
Deputies of the 14th National Assembly of the French Fifth Republic
Deputies of the 15th National Assembly of the French Fifth Republic
Socialist Party (France) politicians |
6905703 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arkansas%20Highway%20348 | Arkansas Highway 348 | Highway 348 (AR 348, Ark. 348, and Hwy. 348) is a designation for two east–west state highways in Crawford County. One segment of runs from Highway 59 at Figure Five east to Arkansas Highway 60 near Rudy. A second segment of runs from US Route 71 (US 71) at Cain east to National Forest Route 1007.
Route description
Figure Five to Rudy
AR 348 begins at US 71 at the unincorporated community of Cain south of Mountainburg. The route runs northeast, entering the Ozark National Forest and terminating at an intersection with National Forest Route 1007 and Hickory Street. The road is two–lane undivided for its entire length.
Cain to Ozark National Forest
The route begins at Highway 59 at the Figure Five community and runs east as a rural two-lane route. Winding through forested mountains, Highway 348 terminates at Highway 60 near Rudy.
History
Highway 348 was created by the Arkansas State Highway Commission on November 23, 1966. The second segment between Cain and the National Forest was designated on June 28, 1973 pursuant to Act 9 of 1973 by the Arkansas General Assembly. The act directed county judges and legislators to designate up to of county roads as state highways in each county.
Major intersections
See also
References
348
Transportation in Crawford County, Arkansas |
23577476 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oban%20River | Oban River | Oban River, a watercourse that is part of the Clarence River catchment, is located in the New England and Northern Tablelands districts of New South Wales, Australia.
Course and features
Oban River rises below Mount Duncan, Great Dividing Range on the slopes of the Great Dividing Range, within Little Llangothlin Lake, north of Guyra, and flows generally north-east towards its confluence with the Sara River, within Guy Fawkes River National Park and Chaelundi National Park. The river descends over its course.
See also
Rivers of New South Wales
References
Northern Tablelands
New England (New South Wales)
Rivers of New South Wales
Armidale Regional Council |
23577479 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Royal%20Gardens | Royal Gardens | Royal Gardens may refer to:
Royal Gardens, Edmonton, a residential neighbourhood in Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
Royal Botanic Gardens (disambiguation), several places
Royal Gardens, a former residential subdivision of Kalapana, Hawaii, U.S.
Royal Gardens, a fictional location in A Series of Unfortunate Events
See also
King's Garden (disambiguation)
Royal Garden, a building in Maringá, Paraná, Brazil
Royal Garden Hotel, London
Royal Garden Plaza, a shopping mall in Pattaya, Thailand
:Category:Botanical gardens by country |
20478811 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guillaume%20Garot | Guillaume Garot | Guillaume Garot (born 29 May 1966) is a French politician of the Socialist Party (PS) who has served as a member of the National Assembly from 2007 until 2012 and since 2014, representing the Mayenne department. From 2012 until 2014, he was Junior Minister for the Food Industry under minister Stéphane Le Foll in the government of Prime Minister Jean-Marc Ayrault.
Political career
Garot became a member of the National Assembly in the 2007 French legislative election. During his first term in parliament, he served on the Committee on Economic Affairs (2007-2009) and the Defence Committee (2009-2012) before his appointment to the government. In addition to his activities in national politics, he was the mayor of Laval from 2008 until 2012.
At the Socialist Party's Reims Congress in 2008, Garot supported Ségolène Royal's candidacy as party leader; she eventually lost against Martine Aubry. From 2011, he also worked as spokesperson for Royal's campaign to become the party's candidate for the 2012 French presidential election.
While in government, Garot oversaw the French government's response to the 2013 horse meat scandal.
After leaving government in 2014, Garot was part of the Finance Committee (2014-2015) and the Committee on Legal Affairs (2014-2017). Since 2017, he has been serving on the Committee on Sustainable Development and Regional Planning. In 2015, he was the parliament's rapporteur on legislation obliging supermarkets to hand over unused food to charity and not destroy leftover products.
In addition to his committee assignments, Garot is part of the French-Japanese Parliamentary Friendship Group and the French-Tunisian Parliamentary Friendship Group.
Other activities
National Council on Food (CNA), Chairman (2016-2019)
Political positions
In July 2019, Garot voted against the French ratification of the European Union’s Comprehensive Economic and Trade Agreement (CETA) with Canada.
References
External links
Le blog d'information de Guillaume Garot
1966 births
Living people
People from Laval, Mayenne
Mayors of places in Pays de la Loire
Socialist Party (France) politicians
Pantheon-Sorbonne University alumni
Sciences Po alumni
Deputies of the 13th National Assembly of the French Fifth Republic
Deputies of the 14th National Assembly of the French Fifth Republic
Deputies of the 15th National Assembly of the French Fifth Republic |
20478815 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guy%20Chambefort | Guy Chambefort | Guy Chambefort (born 19 October 1944 in Saint-Étienne) was a member of the National Assembly of France. He represented the first constituency of the Allier department, from 2007 to 2017 and sat as a member of the Socialist, Radical, Citizen and Miscellaneous Left group in the Assembly.
References
1944 births
Living people
People from Saint-Étienne
Socialist Party (France) politicians
Deputies of the 13th National Assembly of the French Fifth Republic
Deputies of the 14th National Assembly of the French Fifth Republic |
20478821 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guy%20Geoffroy | Guy Geoffroy | Guy Geoffroy (born 26 May 1949 in Paris) is a French member of the National Assembly of France. He represents the Seine-et-Marne department, and is a member of the Union for a Popular Movement.
References
1949 births
Living people
Politicians from Paris
The Republicans (France) politicians
United Republic politicians
Mayors of places in Île-de-France
Chevaliers of the Légion d'honneur
Knights of the National Order of Merit (France)
Deputies of the 12th National Assembly of the French Fifth Republic
Deputies of the 13th National Assembly of the French Fifth Republic
Deputies of the 14th National Assembly of the French Fifth Republic |
23577480 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxley%20River | Oxley River | Oxley River, a perennial river of the Tweed River catchment, is located in the Northern Rivers region of New South Wales, Australia.
Course and features
Formed by the confluence of the Hopping Dicks Creek and Tyalgum Creek, Oxley River rises below Mount Durigan on the southern slopes of the McPherson Range, near Tyalgum, and flows generally south by east, and then east, before reaching its confluence with the Tweed River near Murwillumbah. The river descends over its course.
In 2007, the federal government proposed damming the Rous River, Oxley River and Byrrill Creek. Local opposition to the plan was formed via the Save the Caldera Rivers Campaign, in an effort to stop the proposed dams from being built.
See also
List of rivers of Australia
References
External links
Rivers of New South Wales
Northern Rivers
Tweed Shire |
20478827 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guy%20Malherbe | Guy Malherbe | Guy Malherbe (born April 9, 1946) is a member of the National Assembly of France. He represents the Essonne department, and is a member of the Union for a Popular Movement.
References
1946 births
Living people
Politicians from Montpellier
Rally for the Republic politicians
Union for a Popular Movement politicians
The Republicans (France) politicians
Deputies of the 13th National Assembly of the French Fifth Republic
Mayors of places in Île-de-France |
17338329 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mara%20Carfagna | Mara Carfagna | Maria Rosaria "Mara" Carfagna (born 18 December 1975) is an Italian politician and former showgirl and model. After obtaining a degree in law, Carfagna worked for several years on Italian television shows and as a model. She later entered politics and was elected to the Chamber of Deputies for Forza Italia party in 2006. From 2008 to 2011 she served as Minister for Equal Opportunity in Berlusconi IV Cabinet. In 2018 she was elected vice president of the Chamber of Deputies. In 2021 she has become the Minister for the South and territorial cohesion in the cabinet presided by Mario Draghi.
Carfagna had been named "the most beautiful minister in the world", and was ranked number one on Maxim's "World's Hottest Politicians". She has been for a while the spokeswoman of the parliamentary group of Forza Italia at Chamber of Deputies.
Early life
Carfagna was born in Salerno, where she attended the Liceo scientifico Giovanni da Procida. In 2001 she graduated in law from the University of Salerno, with a thesis on information law and broadcasting systems.
Career as showgirl and model
After having studied dance and piano, she participated in the Miss Italy contest in 1997, finishing in sixth place. About the experience she later said: "That competition makes you as a woman, it matures you...all that stress, that desire to win, it makes you understand who you are."
Later she started working in television for the company Mediaset, controlled by the family of Silvio Berlusconi. From 2000 to 2006 she participated as a showgirl in the television program La domenica del villaggio ("Sunday in the Village") with Davide Mengacci. In 2006 she led the program Piazza grande ("Main Square") together with Giancarlo Magalli. Carfagna has also been part of the television programs I cervelloni, Vota la voce and Domenica in.
Carfagna has posed for Maxim.
Political career
2000s: Forza Italia and The People of Freedom
Carfagna entered politics in 2004, and became responsible for the women's movement in the political party Forza Italia. In the elections of 2006 she was elected into the Chamber of Deputies for Forza Italia, and in the 2008 elections – running as the third candidate from The People of Freedom in the district "Campania 2" – she was reelected. When she first entered parliament Berlusconi jokingly commented that Forza Italia practiced the law of primae noctis; the right of a feudal lord to take the virginity of his female subjects. As a deputy she was secretary of the Commission for Constitutional Affairs, and has been described as a diligent, hard-working parliamentarian. On 8 May 2008 she was appointed Minister for Equal Opportunity, in the fourth cabinet of Silvio Berlusconi, an appointment that was widely publicised internationally, with focus on her special background.
In September 2008, Carfagna introduced proposal for a new law making street prostitution a crime, with fines for both clients and prostitutes. The bill was her first major initiative as a minister. She said that at present in Italy, "as in the great majority of Western countries", brothels and the exploitation of prostitutes by pimps were illegal but prostitution as such was not. She described street prostitution as a "shameful phenomenon".
In 2009 she became the first political promoter of the law against stalking offence. This law was finally approved on 23 February 2009, introduced as a package of bills known as the Decreto Maroni. In the same year she signed a campaign against homophobia in Italy, with television spots, images on magazines and wall attachments on cities.
She has participated in many international conferences, met the UN Secretary General, has intervened four times to the General Assembly, where she promoted an international moratorium against FGM. She organized the first international conference on violence against women in the context of the G8, which was held in the city of L'Aquila, in Italy, in July 2009.
2010s: Forza Italia revival
In 2010 during political debate for the International Women's Day celebration Carfagna made a political gaffe, claiming that women gained the right to vote in Italy in 1960 (while they did in 1946) and that the law that rules intrahousehold relationship was reformed in 1970 (while it was in 1975). In the 2010 Campania regional election Carfagna had a record result of 55,695 preferences. In 2011, Carfagna proposed a law, which was passed, that provided quotas for women on the boards of companies, which has allowed to involve a larger number of women in the Italian economic system. It approved funding for childcare facilities and in support of motherhood and family that made it possible to increase by a few percentage points the availability of places for working mothers. That same year Carfagna also supported a bill against homophobia, in which homophobia was considered as an aggravating circumstance in bullying events. This bill was then rejected by the People of Freedom majority in the Parliament, causing Carfagna's disappointment.
In 2013, Silvio Berlusconi founded Forza Italia, an ideological revival of the eponymous party that existed in the 1994–2009 period. Carfagna joined the party, following Berlusconi. In the same year she began a relationship with ex–deputy Alessandro Ruben. In the 2016 Italian local elections, Carfagna was the most voted Forza Italia candidate in Naples, with more than 5,500 personal preferences.
In November 2018, on the occasion of the International Day for the Elimination of Violence against Women, Carfagna launched a campaign called "Non è normale che sia normale" ("It's not normal that it's normal") involving many parliamentarians of all political parties, VIPs and personalities of sport and entertainment.
In August 2019, the Codice Rosso ("Red Code") legislation, proposed by Carfagna, enters into force in Italy to combat violence against women with more efficient investigations and more severe penalties.
On 13 February 2021, Carfagna returned to a ministerial role in the cabinet of Mario Draghi, as Minister for the South.
Political views and controversies
Carfagna has been vocal on certain issues, such as the level of crime in her home town of Salerno, after having herself been the victim of burglary on three occasions.
In 2007 Carfagna opposed gay marriage, and said that matrimonial rights should be tied to reproduction. In May 2008 she refused to back a gay pride march, arguing that discrimination was no longer a problem for homosexuals in Italy because homophobia was just a thinking offence, a statement that was strongly criticized by gay rights groups. In May 2010, during the Quirinal Palace ceremony on the occasion of International Day Against Homophobia, Transphobia and Biphobia, Carfagna publicly apologized for the statements she made two years earlier, saying "she was helped in breaking through the wall of mistrust of which she was at the same time victim and unconscious responsible".
In January 2007, Carfagna was at the center of a controversy that received international attention. On the evening of the Telegatto award show, Berlusconi said about Carfagna: "If I was not already married I would have married her immediately". The comment caused Berlusconi's wife, Veronica Lario, to demand an apology through a national newspaper, something which she also received. Carfagna herself has later described the comment as "gallant and harmless," and said that she did not quite understand Lario's reaction.
On 2 July 2008 the Italian newspaper la Repubblica interviewed the former vice-minister of Foreign Affairs in the Berlusconi II Cabinet and socialist executive Margherita Boniver, who admitted the existence of some compromising private phone calls about Berlusconi. Few days later, the Argentine journal Clarín reported about telephone wiretap records authorized for an anti-corruption investigation. Reporter Julio Algañaraz wrote that Carfagna and Silvio Berlusconi engaged in a telephone conversation with explicit sexual allusions and regarding a meeting about sexual services.
In November 2008 Italian journalist Paolo Guzzanti wrote on his blog about Carfagna, saying: "Is it admissible or ineligible, in a hypothetical democracy, that the head of a government nominate a minister who has the one and only merit of having him personally served, excited and satisfied?", thus highlighting the words spoken by his daughter Sabina Guzzanti at "No Cav Day" anti-Berlusconi protest movement in July 2008. Carfagna sued la Repubblica for having reported Sabina Guzzanti's words that alluded to her sexual activity with Berlusconi.
In October 2012 the "Civil Court of Rome" condemned Sabina Guzzanti to compensation of €40,000 to Carfagna.
On 25 June 2020, Carfagna, as vice president of the Chamber of Deputies, ordered the forced expulsion of Vittorio Sgarbi who, pronouncing himself on the decree amending the law containing urgent measures concerning criminally relevant wiretapping, pronounced the following: "If a criminal commits a crime is normal, but if a Judge does it, it's an institutional earthquake. After the declarations without precedents against you coming from a Judge of Superior Council, after the unprecedented statements of Palamara against Mr. Salvini, we must open a commission of inquiry against the crime of magistrates who do the opposite of their work, worse than criminals".
Personal life
She has been engaged since 2013 with Alessandro Ruben, a former deputy of Future and Freedom. On 26 October 2020, her first daughter, Vittoria, was born.
Notes
References
External links
Ministry biography
Personal blog
Mara Carfagna – slideshow and video by The Huffington Post
1975 births
21st-century Italian politicians
21st-century Italian women politicians
Draghi Cabinet
Government ministers of Italy
Italian female models
Italian Roman Catholics
Living people
Forza Italia politicians
Forza Italia (2013) politicians
People from Salerno
The People of Freedom politicians
University of Salerno alumni
Women government ministers of Italy
Vice presidents of the Chamber of Deputies (Italy) |
23577481 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paddys%20River%20%28Southern%20Highlands%2C%20New%20South%20Wales%29 | Paddys River (Southern Highlands, New South Wales) | The Paddys River, a perennial river that is part of the Hawkesbury-Nepean catchment, is located in the Southern Highlands region of New South Wales, Australia.
Course and features
Formed by the confluence of Reedy Creek and Munros Gully, the Paddys River rises west of Bundanoon, and flows generally west northwest, before reaching its confluence with the Wollondilly River west of the locality of Cayonleigh. The course of the river is .
The Hume Freeway crosses the river near the locality of Paddys River.
See also
List of rivers of New South Wales (L-Z)
List of rivers of Australia
Rivers of New South Wales
References
External links
Rivers of New South Wales
Southern Highlands (New South Wales)
Hume Highway |
20478833 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guy%20Teissier | Guy Teissier | Guy Teissier (born 4 April 1945) is a French politician who has served as the member of the National Assembly for the 6th constituency of the Bouches-du-Rhône department since 1993, previously briefly holding the position in 1988. He has been a member of The Republicans (LR) since the party was established in 2015 as the successor to the Union for a Popular Movement (UMP). Teissier previously held the mayorship of the 5th sector of Marseille (9th and 10th arrondissements) from 1983 to 1989 and again from 1995 until 2014.
The Government of Azerbaijan has blacklisted Teissier who visited Artsakh in 2011 without Baku's permission.
He is not running for re-election in the 2022 French legislative election.
Early life and career
Born in the Saint-Antoine quarter of Marseille (15th arrondissement), he became a notary clerk and then a property administrator.
Political career
At the outset of his political career, Teissier was a member of the "extreme right-wing group” of the Nationalist Union. He then joined the New Forces Party, becoming a member of its Central Committee in 1976.
In 1978, he joined the Republican Party, then switched to the Liberal Democracy Party, run by his friend Alain Madelin. In the latter party he served as Deputy Secretary General and was in charge of security and defense issues. Still later, he joined the Union for a Popular Movement, and sat on its nomination committee. In 2015, the UMP changed its name to the Republican Party.
Departmental council for Bouches-du-Rhône
In 1982, Teissier ran successfully against Jean-Victor Cordonnier for a seat on the departmental council. He was re-elected in 1985, 1992, and 1998. During that period, he was president of the opposition in the council. In March 2004, running again two other candidates, he was re-elected to the post of councilor general in the canton of Sainte-Marguerite with 46.7% of the votes; he resigned from this post in November of that year to devote himself fully to his other political responsibilities.
Mayor of a sector of Marseille
Since 1983, Teissier has been a member of the Marseille city council. He was elected mayor of the 5th sector (9th and 10th arrondissements) in 1983, and re-elected to that chair in 1995, 2001, and 2008.
In the municipal elections of March 2014, Guy Teissier once again was at the top of the list in the 9th and 10th arrondissements. In the second round of votes, Teissier's list won a three-way contest with more than 51.4% of the votes, while Jean-Claude Gaudin, his local party leader, was re-elected mayor of Marseille. After the election, Teissier gave his seat to one of his relatives, Lionel Royer-Perreaut.
Deputy from Bouches-du-Rhône
Teissier campaigned in 1988 to represent the 6th constituency of Bouches-du-Rhône. In the June elections he defeated businessman Bernard Tapie, but the election was nullified in November by the Constitutional Council.
In 1993, he was again elected to represent the 6th constituency. During the ensuing period, he held the position of Secretary of National Defense and Armed Forces in the National Assembly. He went on to write several parliamentary information reports. He was re-elected in 1997 and became Secretary of the National Assembly, a post he held until 1999. He served on the Committee of Defense and the Armed Forces and on the Supreme Council of the Military Reserve.
He was re-elected in 2002 with 76% of the votes cast, the highest percentage received in that year's election by any candidate for the National Assembly. His colleagues selected him to be president of the Committee of Defense and the Armed Forces. In this capacity, he chaired the Defense Procurement Control Mission of the Department of Defense, and wrote a new report on the Military Reserves. In 2003, he met with all the major figures in French and European defense under the auspices of the Summer Universities of Defense in Pau.
Re-elected yet again in June 2007, with 55.30% of the votes in the first round, Teissier was reappointed to the presidency of the Defense Committee. In January 2008, he was appointed President of the Parliamentary Intelligence Delegation, responsible for oversight of all French intelligence services.
In June 2012, he was re-elected with 42.45% of the vote in a three-way contest. He remained on the Foreign Affairs Committee, served as president of the Espace study group, and was a member of several others, in addition to serving as vice-president of the friendship groups with Armenia, Israel, and Latvia.
He was re-elected again in June 2017.
Urban community of the Marseille Provence conurbation (MPM)
He was elected community councilor in 2001, and re-elected to this post in 2008 and 2014.
On April 7, 2014, he was elected president of the MPM with 90 votes, out of a total of 137, succeeding Eugène Caselli (PS) in this post. Teissier promised to seek to revitalize MPM (a conurbation of 18 municipalities with a total of one million inhabitants) in the run-up to its 2016 expansion into the Aix-Marseille Provence conurbation, which includes 93 municipalities with a total of 1.8 million inhabitants.
In 2008, Guy Teissier was elected Chairman of the Board of Directors of the Euro-Mediterranean Public Planning Institution, a large urban-renewal project in central Marseille. He left this position at the end of 2013.
Additional positions and activities
From 1999 to 2012, he chaired the Public Interest Group of the Calanques of Marseille and Cassis, from 1999 to 2012. He was instrumental in establishing the Calanques National Park in 2012.
He was named a Knight of the National Order of Merit in 1983, is an honorary colonel, and has also won the René Cassin medal.
Personal life
He is married and is the father of two children.
On 15 March 2020, Teissier tested positive for COVID-19.
References
1945 births
Living people
French city councillors
20th-century French politicians
21st-century French politicians
Departmental councillors (France)
Mayors of places in Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur
Union for French Democracy politicians
Union for a Popular Movement politicians
The Republicans (France) politicians
Deputies of the 11th National Assembly of the French Fifth Republic
Deputies of the 12th National Assembly of the French Fifth Republic
Deputies of the 13th National Assembly of the French Fifth Republic
Deputies of the 14th National Assembly of the French Fifth Republic
Deputies of the 15th National Assembly of the French Fifth Republic
Members of Parliament for Bouches-du-Rhône |
23577482 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trichopilia%20laxa | Trichopilia laxa | Trichopilia laxa is a species of orchid found from western South America to Venezuela.
laxa |
20478840 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gu%C3%A9nha%C3%ABl%20Huet | Guénhaël Huet | Guénhaël Huet (born 30 July 1956) is a French politician. He was a member of the National Assembly of France from 2007 to 2017,
representing Manche's 2nd constituency. He was a member of the Union for a Popular Movement, then the Republicans.
References
1956 births
Living people
The Republicans (France) politicians
People from Manche
Mayors of places in Normandy
Deputies of the 13th National Assembly of the French Fifth Republic
Deputies of the 14th National Assembly of the French Fifth Republic
Paris 2 Panthéon-Assas University alumni |
20478846 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C3%A9rard%20Bapt | Gérard Bapt | Gérard Bapt (born 4 February 1946 in Saint-Étienne) is a French politician. He was the deputy for Haute-Garonne's 2nd constituency in the National Assembly of France. He was a member of the Socialist Party (Parti Socialiste) and worked in association with the SRC parliamentary group.
Bapt is a medical doctor and heart specialist. He was first elected in 1978 (to the first constituency) and kept his seat until 1993; he was then re-elected in 1997 and held his seat until 2017.
References
External links
Official website
1946 births
Living people
People from Saint-Étienne
Socialist Party (France) politicians
Deputies of the 12th National Assembly of the French Fifth Republic
Deputies of the 13th National Assembly of the French Fifth Republic
Deputies of the 14th National Assembly of the French Fifth Republic |
23577486 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pages%20River | Pages River | Pages River, a perennial river of the Hunter River catchment, is located in the Hunter region of New South Wales, Australia.
Course and features
The Pages River rises on the eastern slopes of the Great Dividing Range below Mount Gregson, southwest of Murrurundi, and flows generally east northeast, then southeast, and then south southwest before reaching its confluence with the Hunter River downstream of Glenbawn Dam. The river descends over its course.
See also
Rivers of New South Wales
List of rivers of Australia
List of rivers of New South Wales (L–Z)
References
External links
Muswellbrook Shire
Rivers of the Hunter Region
Hunter River (New South Wales) |
17338333 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle%20of%20the%20Beaufort%20%281982%29 | Battle of the Beaufort (1982) | The Battle of the Beaufort was fought between the Israel Defense Forces (IDF) and the Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO) on June 6, 1982 over Beaufort Castle, Lebanon. It was one of the first clashes of the 1982 Lebanon War, and resulted in the IDF capturing the castle.
Background
Located 717 meters above sea level, Beaufort Castle (Arabic: قلعة الشقيف, Qal'at ash-Shaqif) commands great parts of the Upper Galilee and South Lebanon. It could be used to direct artillery, and even Syria had sent artillery spotters there. Israel shelled the fortress repeatedly, but could never actually enter it - the massive basalt rocks of the Medieval construction proving an effective defense even in face of modern artillery and aerial bombardments. For Israel, it had become a symbol of the Palestinian power over the region. For the Palestinians, it served as a memento of Saladin's victory over the Crusaders in 1192 and of their own endurance against Israel, and the PLO used it as the colophon on leaflets.
Two weeks before the war started, Yasser Arafat visited the castle, sat down with its defenders and assured them that in thirty-six hours of fighting, the PLO could get a ceasefire. The sector commander protested, insisting that there was no way they could withstand an Israeli attack for so long.
Preparations for the attack
The IDF Northern Command had been planning to capture the Beaufort for a long time before the war, assigning the mission to the commando unit of the Golani Brigade. The unit had studied the castle for years and trained for tactics to conquer it.
In August 1980 the IDF launched an operation attempting to conquer the Beaufort castle. Israeli air force and artillery attacked the castle itself, al-Khardali Bridge, north-east, just below the fortress, as well as the nearby villages of Arnoun and Kafr Tibnit. An infantry unit belonging to the Golani brigade attempted to occupy the castle but was beaten back. Three IDF soldiers were killed while the Palestinians suffered 29 casualties. The high casualties prompted the Palestinians to reinforce their positions at Beaufort, building a network of covered trenches and reinforced shelters dug into the hillsides.
However, the way the invasion progressed in 1982, made the capture of the Beaufort unnecessary. Capture would have been necessary had the IDF decided to cross the Litani River via the al-Khardali bridge, as they had in 1980- But since the IDF instead decided to use the Qa'qa'iya Bridge, located much further to the west, the Israelis could have proceeded to Nabatiye unaffected by the Beaufort. Since the PLO troops stationed in and around the castle were not firing at Israeli settlements when the war began, there was no urgent need to neutralize them. The General Staff issued a command to postpone the operation, but the command failed to reach the Golani commando unit.
The former commander of the Golani commandos, Giora (Guni) Harnik, had been discharged from the IDF just a week earlier, but was suddenly called back. Since the unit commander, Moshe Kaplinsky, was gravely wounded while on the road, Harnik was sent as replacement. He drove there so fast that his APC flipped over, although he and the other passengers were uninjured. His surprise return was a morale boost for the men of the unit. His deputy was Mordechai (Moti) Goldman.
The battle
21 fighters from the elite Student battalion (later known as the al-Jarmaq Battalion) of the Fatah movement were deployed inside the castle, under the command of Ya'qoub Abdel-Hafiz Sumour (nom de guerre "Rasim"). The fighters were divided into three squads of seven members each. The squads were deployed left, right and centre in the lower sections of the castle. Fatah also had bases in and around the nearby villages of Kafr Tibnit and Arnoun. A unit of the Democratic Front for the Liberation of Palestine (DFLP) was deployed between the castle and the village of Arnoun. The positions at the castle were well dug in with covered trenches and concrete firing positions.
The battle started with a heavy Israeli artillery and aircraft bombardment. Heavy use was made of cluster bombs. Since the Palestinians were well dug in, no fighter was injured during this phase. But since the ground became covered with unexploded ordnance, exploding on touch like mines, access to the armoury and other supplies became risky and difficult. Two fighters were lightly wounded when trying to clear cluster bombs.
In the afternoon the Palestinian forces succeeded in shooting down an Israeli A-4 Skyhawk fighter-bomber flying over the Beaufort castle, with a Strela 2 (SA-7) handheld surface-to-air missile. The pilot, Cpt. Aharon Achiaz, parachuted and was taken prisoner by Palestinian forces. He was brought to Beirut and later released during the evacuation of PLO forces in August 1982.
The main IDF force in the central sector advanced from the border over Taibe and Qantara and crossed the Litani river at the Qa'qa'iya bridge. Well over the bridge the force split into three parts, with one continued to the coast over Doueir and Zifta, the second surrounded the town of Nabatiye and the third proceeded to the Beaufort castle.
The force heading for Beaufort consisted of 65 men from the Golani engineering company and 23 men from the Golani commando unit. They were travelling in 20 APCs, accompanied by a platoon of tanks. The attack had originally been planned as a daylight attack. But due to congested roads in south Lebanon at the time and repeated brake-downs of the tanks, the force did not arrive in highlands west of the Beaufort until 4 PM. None of the tanks managed to arrive at the location. The plans had to be changed to a night attack, without any support from the tanks.
The engineering company, under Lt.Col. Barkai, was to take the southern outpost with its bunkers while the Golani commandos, under Moshe Kaplinsky, were to take the northern outpost and its trenches.
It was decided that the Golani engineers would take the lead and the commandos would follow. The engineers charged up the hill of the fortress and managed to slip through without casualties. They attacked the Palestinian positions and managed to conquer the antenna position. One soldier was killed and several were wounded.
The commandos, however, were cut down by heavy machine gun fire on their way to the top. Of the originally 21 fighters only seven or eight managed to reach their destination. Two soldiers were killed and four wounded. The rest were taking cover halfway. Led by Mordechai Goldman the force began a second assault, killing several Palestinians. They were later joined by Harnik and two of his soldiers.
They were facing the main bunker, where a Palestinian fighter, entrenched in a concrete position, was firing his machine gun. The Palestinian managed to kill Harnik with a bullet to the chest before Goldman threw an explosive charge at his position, killing the Palestinian fighter and destroying the position. Most of the remaining Palestinians were killed as Israeli troops secured the mountain.
Because of both weather conditions and continued firing nearby, medical evacuation of the wounded was delayed until shortly before daybreak. Only then, did the death toll - six men, including the unit commander - become apparent. After it, the soldiers spread out and climbed to take the roof of the fortress, which turned out to be deserted. By 6:30 AM, Israeli control over the castle was secured.
The Israeli soldiers discovered a rope ladder hanging down from the heights of the fortress, suggesting that some of the Palestinian fighters escaped during the night.
According to Mu'in at-Tahir, the commander of the Fatah Students' battalion (who personally did not take part in the battle inside the castle), some of the fighters managed to escape from the castle. At ten in the evening, units from the Students’ battalion, positioned outside the castle, attacked IDF tanks stationed to the west of the castle with rockets. In the turmoil, a handful of fighters managed to sneak out. Some of them were killed in other battles during the Lebanon war, but three of the Fatah fighters from the battle of the Beaufort castle survived the war.
Aftermath
During the day, the (Chief of Staff), Rafael Eitan, visited the troops and was astounded to learn of the death toll. Later that day, Prime Minister Menachem Begin and Minister of Defense Ariel Sharon arrived, accompanied by newsmen and photographers. They did not know about the losses, as Sharon did not inquire before declaring that the battle was won without casualties on the Israeli side.
Showing interest in the Palestinian resistance, Begin asked "Did they have machine guns?", a question which later became a symbol of how uninformed the Israeli leadership was of the events on the front throughout the war.
Harnik was posthumously given the division commander citation. Mordechai Goldman was awarded the Medal of Courage for his actions, and later medically discharged from the army after being wounded by Syrian artillery outside Beirut. The commander of the Golani Brigade later confessed that in retrospect, he would not have attacked the Beaufort. An investigation was held after the war as to why the order to postpone the operation failed to reach its destination, but produced inconclusive results.
There were also persistent reports of "friendly fire" incidents in the battle. One officer was apparently wounded under such circumstances. There is also a question mark hanging over one of the IDF fatalities, which was never officially clarified.
Most of the Fatah fighters in the castle fell in the battle. That includes the commander of the castle, Ya'coub Sumour, and his deputy Abdul Karim al-Kahalani. After the battle, the IDF handed over 30 bodies for burial to the villagers of nearby Yohmur. The bodies had been collected in the castle itself and in and around the villages of Arnoun and Kafr Tibnit. Among those buried was the local DFLP commander, Khalid al-Asmar.
According to Israeli accounts, between 15 and 24 Palestinian bodies were collected after the battle.
For fear of mines and unexploded cluster bombs, the IDF closed off the lower section of the castle, where the Palestinians had been dug in. Therefore, the body of the Palestinian commander, Ya'qoub Sumour, was only found in 2004, several years after the Israeli withdrawal from south Lebanon, together with Mohammad Abu Saleh, a Fatah fighter of Yemenite origin. Both were buried with full military honours in the Palestinian Ain al-Hilweh refugee camp.
References
External links
30 שנה למלחמה: תיעוד מלבנון כמו שלא ראיתם Pictures and maps from Beaufort battle (Hebrew)
Bibliography
1982 Lebanon War
Battles of the Lebanese Civil War |
23577492 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pambula%20River | Pambula River | Pambula River is an open semi-mature wave dominated barrier estuary or perennial river located in the South Coast region of New South Wales, Australia.
Course and features
Pambula River rises in timbered highlands near the locality of Lochiel and flows generally east, flowing through Pambula Lake, before reaching its mouth into the Tasman Sea of the South Pacific Ocean near the locality of Pambula Beach. The river descends over its course.
The catchment area of the river is with a volume of over a surface area of , at an average depth of .
South of Pambula, the Princes Highway crosses the river.
See also
Rivers of New South Wales
List of rivers of New South Wales (L-Z)
List of rivers of Australia
References
External links
Rivers of New South Wales
South Coast (New South Wales) |
23577494 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pappinbarra%20River | Pappinbarra River | The Pappinbarra River, a perennial stream of the Hastings River catchment, is located in the Mid North Coast region of New South Wales, Australia.
Course and features
The Pappinbarra River rises below Mount Boss on the slopes of the Gibraltar Range within the Werrikimbe National Park, northwest of Pappinbarra Junction, New South Wales, and flows generally southeast before reaching its confluence with the Hastings River, near Beechwood. The river descends over its course.
See also
List of rivers of Australia
References
External links
Rivers of New South Wales
Mid North Coast
Port Macquarie-Hastings Council |
23577497 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parma%20Creek | Parma Creek | Parma Creek is a river of the state of New South Wales in Australia.
See also
List of rivers of Australia
References
Rivers of New South Wales |
20478853 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alier%20Ashurmamadov | Alier Ashurmamadov | Alijor Aşurmamadov (; born on 20 August 1970) is a former Tajikistani footballer who played for FC Lokomotiv Moscow, FC Anzhi Makhachkala, and FC Irtysh. He was a member of the Tajikistan national football team.
Career
Managerial
On 23 January 2018, Panjshir appointed Ashurmamadov as their manager.
Career statistics
International
International goals
Honours
Pamir Dushanbe
Tajik League (1): 1992
Tajik Cup (1): 1992
Varzob Dushanbe
Tajik League (2): 1999, 2000
Tajik Cup (1): 1999
References
External links
1970 births
People from Khatlon Region
Living people
Soviet footballers
Tajikistani footballers
Tajikistani expatriate footballers
Tajikistan international footballers
CSKA Pamir Dushanbe players
FC Lokomotiv Moscow players
FC Anzhi Makhachkala players
Expatriate footballers in Kazakhstan
Tajikistani expatriate sportspeople in Kazakhstan
Expatriate footballers in Russia
Soviet Top League players
Russian Premier League players
Vakhsh Qurghonteppa players
Association football forwards
Tajikistan Higher League players
CSKA Pamir Dushanbe managers
Tajikistani football managers |
17338336 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shire%20of%20Glengallan | Shire of Glengallan | The Shire of Glengallan was a local government area south and east of the regional centre of Warwick in the Darling Downs region of Queensland. The shire, administered from Warwick, covered an area of , and existed as a local government entity from 1879 until 1994, when it was dissolved and amalgamated with City of Warwick, Shire of Rosenthal and Shire of Allora to form the Shire of Warwick.
History
On 11 November 1879, the Glengallan Division was created as one of 74 divisions within Queensland under the Divisional Boards Act 1879 with a population of 2608.
With the passage of the Local Authorities Act 1902, it became a Shire on 31 March 1903. Its offices were located at Yangan Road, Warwick.
On 19 March 1992, the Electoral and Administrative Review Commission, created two years earlier, produced its report External Boundaries of Local Authorities, and recommended that local government boundaries in the Warwick area be rationalised into 3 new local government areas. That recommendation was not implemented, but the outcome was that the Shire of Glengallan was merged with the Shires of Allora and Rosenthal and the City of Warwick to form a new Shire of Warwick. The Local Government (Allora, Glengallan, Rosenthal and Warwick) Regulation 1994 was gazetted on 20 May 1994. On 25 June, an election was held for the new council, and on 1 July 1994, the Shire of Glengallan was abolished.
Towns and localities
The Shire of Glengallan included the following settlements:
Killarney
Canningvale
Elbow Valley
Emu Vale
Freestone
Gladfield
Glengallan
Junabee
Maryvale
Morgan Park
Mount Colliery
Mount Sturt
Mount Tabor
Sladevale
Swanfels
Tannymorel
The Falls
Tregony
Wiyarra
Womina
Yangan
Chairmen
1880: Mr. J. Affleck
1894: Thomas McGahan
1927: T. J. Howell
Population
References
External links
Former local government areas of Queensland
1879 establishments in Australia
1994 disestablishments in Australia |
20478855 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C3%A9rard%20Charasse | Gérard Charasse | Gérard Charasse (born 26 March 1944 in Le Vernet, Allier) was a member of the National Assembly of France. He represented Allier's 4th constituency (from 1997 to 2012). Then major boundary changes in 2011 reduced Allier's parliamentary entitlement from 4 constituencies down to 3 - the old 3rd constituency was in effect abolished, its name and substantially its place being taken over by the pre-2012 4th constituency. Charasse then successfully took the 3rd constituency (from 2012 to 2017). He was a member of the Radical Party of the Left; he lost his seat in the 2017 Parliamentary Elections.
References
1944 births
Living people
People from Allier
Politicians from Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes
Radical Party of the Left politicians
Deputies of the 11th National Assembly of the French Fifth Republic
Deputies of the 12th National Assembly of the French Fifth Republic
Deputies of the 13th National Assembly of the French Fifth Republic
Deputies of the 14th National Assembly of the French Fifth Republic |
20478860 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C3%A9rard%20Cherpion | Gérard Cherpion | Gérard Cherpion (born 15 March 1948 in Dombasle-sur-Meurthe, Meurthe-et-Moselle) is a member of the National Assembly of France. He represents Vosges's 2nd constituency, and is a member of the Republicans.
On 24 February 2022, he announced he would stand down at the 2022 French legislative election.
References
1948 births
Living people
People from Meurthe-et-Moselle
Rally for the Republic politicians
Union for a Popular Movement politicians
The Republicans (France) politicians
The Social Right
Deputies of the 12th National Assembly of the French Fifth Republic
Deputies of the 13th National Assembly of the French Fifth Republic
Deputies of the 14th National Assembly of the French Fifth Republic
Deputies of the 15th National Assembly of the French Fifth Republic
Regional councillors of Grand Est |
6905716 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mitra%20Bir | Mitra Bir | Mitra Bir was a freedom fighter and educationist from Goa, who was sentenced to twelve years in jail at the age of 22 when the region was a Portuguese colony. She later opened schools for girls at Margao, Verem, Kakora and other locations in Goa, as well as centres for adult and vocational education for women. She was married to the late Madhav R. Bir, a former member of the Goa assembly and Gandhian.
She died in 1978.
References
1978 deaths
Women educators from Goa
Goa liberation activists
Year of birth missing
Women Indian independence activists
20th-century Indian women politicians
Indian human rights activists
Educators from Goa
20th-century Indian politicians
Indian women educational theorists
20th-century Indian educational theorists
20th-century women educators |
17338337 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roman%20Catholic%20Deanery%20of%20Sumy | Roman Catholic Deanery of Sumy | The Roman Catholic Deanery of Sumy is a part of Kharkiv-Zaporizhian Diocese of the Roman-Catholic Church in Ukraine. It includes four North-East Ukrainian towns Sumy, Romny, Konotop and Shostka.
The center of the Deanery takes its place on picturesque high right bank of Psel River (Dnieper's left tributary) in one of old districts in heart of ancient Ukrainian capital Sumy. In Middle Ages this town had been joined to the possessions of Sophron's Wilderness monastery (near Putivl). To the word that unique cave-priory, founded by first Grecian missionaries, come to Kiev Rus from Byzantine, had been razed almost to the ground in 1960s by communists. In Sumy is situated the Blessed Virgin Mary Annunciation parish, known as the main deanery's temple.
To the number of other significant regional Roman Catholic places belong the Immaculate Conception of Virgin Mary in Romny, the Our Lady of Fatima parish in Konotop and St. Joseph parish in Shostka
Sumy
The history of comparatively new Roman Catholic parish in town Sumy is dramatic. Ordeals had fallen to its lot while Ukraine's stay in the body of Soviet Union. At the end of the 19th century Sumian Roman Catholics had decided to build their own temple and received permission in 1900 with the aid of famous Sumian Maecenas Paul Kharitonenko (1853–1914), at whose sugar-refineries, the largest in Europe and Russia worked many specialists from Europe, chiefly Roman Catholics from Poland and the Czech Republic. The Blessed Virgin Mary Annunciation Church, performed in Gothic style, had been founded in 1901. "Unfortunately all attempts to find information about the building process as well as its interior have been unsuccessful" yet. Consecrated in 1911, by Jan Tsepliak, bishop of Mogilev, the Blessed Virgin Mary Annunciation Church had been closed down by the authorities in two decades, and was used for improper purpose. It's enough to say, that after the World War II during 50 years there were situated first a museum, then a gym. Only after the disintegration of USSR the temple had been retrieved to regenerate Roman Catholic parish and in spring 1998 had been solemnly reconsecrated.
The first masses (1911–1915) at the temple were led by parish priest Fr. Theodor Ryllo. He also gave lessons in religion in Alexander High School, 1st and 2nd High Schools, technical educational institution and Military College in Sumy and in High School in Lebedin.
His successor (1916–1919) on the post had become chaplain Fr. A. Krzhivitsky, whose assistants during festivities were Fr. Florian Garaburda and Fr. Jozef Varpekhovsky.
The last registration thereat had been on 1919 November 20. Archive documents witness that 1926, February 21 believers had met to create parish council and commission for inspections. The last Mass, before the temple had been closed down, had been held in 1932 by Fr. Vagonis. Some Masses conducted during the World War II.
Reformation, proclaimed by Mikhail Gorbachev, had enabled believers to begin struggle for reviving in the town Roman Catholic parish. And soon, after Ukraine had found independence, at the end of 1991 parish had begun its activity.
At the beginning parishioners gathered on services, once in two weeks (1991-August 1992) conducted by parish priest of the Blessed Virgin Mary Assumption Church in Kharkiv Fr. George Zyminsky, directly on the temple's stairs. Already after returning the temple to the parish, ill-wishers, it happened, turned out the light while service.
The first priest (September 1992-February 1995) of new parish had been appointed priest from Zhytomirian Diocese Fr. Vitaly Skomarovsky. While his cadence in May 1994 the temple had been retrieved.
Next two parish priests had become Fr. Gennadius Bilinsky (March 1995-September 1997) and Fr. Felix Svintsitsky (September 1997-August 1999). During service of the latter the temple had been reconsecrated by the Zhytomyrian bishop Jan Purvinsky in 1998, March 25.
Fourth parish priest (September 1999-June 2006) had been Fr. Stanislav Tanatarov.
For the celebration of the 2000th anniversary of Christmas, in the temple's courtyard, from its left hand, had been erected the Jesus Sacred Heart Chapel (about 4 metres high). Bronze statue of Blessed Virgin Mary with Infant in Her Arms, bathing in vivid verdure of peaceful and cozy square, from the left side of temple and edifice behind it, where the residence of parish priest and Roman Catholic religious mission are accommodated, attracts every eye. Standing on red brick pedestal with quadrilateral base of black stone, surrounded by flowers, grass and trees, thoroughly polished figure always reminds all of the Sacramental.
From 2002 the canteen at the temple functions by efforts of members of the Secular Franciscan Order, filial of which functions at the parish since spring of 1999.
His successors had become parish priest Fr. Arthur Surovsky (since 2006) and present parish priest Fr. Voicheck Stasevich (since August 2008) (both of them you can see on the photo at left).
Now at the temple are successfully developing Sunday School (with the aid of pious nuns), library, theatre, museum, spiritual music band, diverse sections and circles (including spiritual culture circles).
To help those who haven't been lucky in life, the Blessed Virgin Mary Annunciation parish had founded a Roman Catholic mission "Caritas Spes Sumy", that acts at the temple as branch of All-Ukrainian Roman Catholic religious mission "Caritas Spes Ukraina".
On February 6, 2008, and April 15, 2008, had been created web-sites of mission and parish under titles "Caritas Spes Sumy" and "Ave Maria" to elucidate their activities in religious spheres. To support this aim parish publicates bulletin, named "Ave!", informing about Church's history and life of the parish.
Unfortunately, on September 29, 2008, web-sites of mission and parish "Caritas Spes Sumy" and "Ave Maria" had been closed by decision of new parish administration.
A little later parish had opened its new web-site To the Glory of Jesus Christ
On January 15, 2009, author of former web-sites of mission and parish "Caritas Spes Sumy" and "Ave Maria" had created site of the Sumian Historical Web-Society under the title "Ave Maria" to elucidate different historical subjects, including the history of religion and church.
Romny
The tragic history of the Blessed Virgin Mary Annunciation temple in Sumy in no case was just a regrettable exception, but shows a striking example of widespread disastrous practice of persecuting Roman Catholic Church in Soviet Union. Like a long-suffering Sumian parish, had stood a severe test temple of Immaculate Conception of Virgin Mary in Romny.
In a short period after the Russian civil war of 1917-20s, this one, made in Roman architectural style, had been confiscated. Chapel, built from the left side, had been subjected to the total destruction. About its existence nothing reminds, but a strait stripe of wrecked wall, in the past joined chapel with the temple. The latter for decades in the known way also wasn't used for proper purpose (Ministry of Education had turned over it at disposal of polytechnic secondary school, that housed inside received premises workshops).
Restored Roman Catholic parish could be contented with very little, because open-air divine services were conducted across the street in the courtyard, belonged to a married couple, who'd become parishioners, by priest, come from Sumy at the appointed time. Very difficult task to return temple to the lawful owner, The Holy See, Fr. Stanislav Tanatarov, appointed to Sumy in September 1999, didn't ever consider impossible and at once on a special conference, convened in Romny, had proclaimed his aspiration to reconsecrate the temple. He'd succeeded in getting free the first floor in church, then Fr. Stanislav had liberated ground floor, minister's house and other edifices.
Konotop
The Our Lady of Fatima parish, third in Sumian Roman Catholic deanery, had passed through a long way while in 2005 in Konotop had appeared and been consecrated a new Roman Catholic temple, built in modern style.
The place, called by local inhabitants as "seven winds", now is one of town sights owing to Jeff Woolthy, a young member of the Holy Apostles parish from Colorado Springs (which continually renders its Sumian coreligionists help). He'd made the rich donation to the Our Lady of Fatima parish in memory of his prematurely deceased wife. The present parish priest in Konotop is Fr. Zbignev.
Shostka
The center of the fourth parish, chapel, named in honour of St. Joseph, now is situated in the private house in Shostka. The present parish priest there is Fr. Thomas.
References/printed sources
External links
The Holy See
The Roman Catholic Church in Ukraine (the Latin rite)
To the Glory of Jesus Christ
The Sumian Historical Web-Society
RISU (Religious Information Service of Ukraine)
Catholic Church in Ukraine
Sumy |
20478864 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C3%A9rard%20Gaudron | Gérard Gaudron | Gérard Gaudron (born May 26, 1949 in Évans, Jura) is a member of the National Assembly of France. He represents the Seine-Saint-Denis department, and is a member of the Union for a Popular Movement.
References
1949 births
Living people
People from Jura (department)
Politicians from Bourgogne-Franche-Comté
Rally for the Republic politicians
Union for a Popular Movement politicians
Deputies of the 13th National Assembly of the French Fifth Republic |
20478867 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C3%A9rard%20Hamel | Gérard Hamel | Gérard Hamel (born February 21, 1945 in Sourdun, Seine-et-Marne) was a member of the National Assembly of France. He represented Eure-et-Loir's 2nd constituency from 1993 to 2012 as a member of the Union for a Popular Movement.
References
1945 births
Living people
People from Seine-et-Marne
Politicians from Île-de-France
Rally for the Republic politicians
Union for a Popular Movement politicians
Debout la France politicians
Deputies of the 10th National Assembly of the French Fifth Republic
Deputies of the 11th National Assembly of the French Fifth Republic
Deputies of the 12th National Assembly of the French Fifth Republic
Deputies of the 13th National Assembly of the French Fifth Republic
Mayors of places in Centre-Val de Loire |
6905718 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electoral%20district%20of%20Cleveland | Electoral district of Cleveland | Cleveland was an electoral district of the Legislative Assembly in the Australian state of Queensland from 1992 to 2017.
Based in the northern part of Redland City Council, the district included the suburbs of Wellington Point, Ormiston, Cleveland and Thornlands. It also covers the entirety of North Stradbroke Island.
In the 2017 electoral redistribution, the Electoral Commission of Queensland changed the name of the electorate to Oodgeroo.
Members for Cleveland
Election results
References
External links
Electorate Profile (Antony Green, ABC)
Former electoral districts of Queensland
Constituencies established in 1992
Constituencies disestablished in 2017
1992 establishments in Australia
2017 disestablishments in Australia |
17338358 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chris%20Hook | Chris Hook | Christopher Wayne Hook (born August 4, 1968) is an American former professional baseball relief pitcher and current coach. He is the pitching coach for the Milwaukee Brewers of Major League Baseball (MLB). He played in MLB for the San Francisco Giants.
Major league career
Chris Hook made his major league debut on April 30, 1995, against the Florida Marlins. He pitched one and two thirds of an inning, giving up one hit and one run. Overall, for the 1995 season, he had a 5–1 record with a 5.50 earned run average (ERA). In 1996, he made 10 appearances, which resulted in one loss and a 7.43 ERA.
Coaching career
From 2004 to 2007, he was the pitching coach, as well as manager of baseball operations for the Florence Freedom of the independent Frontier League. In February 2008, Hook announced he was leaving the Freedom to become pitching coach for the Double-A affiliate of the Milwaukee Brewers, the Huntsville Stars. Through the 2009 and 2011 seasons, Hook became the pitching coach for the Single-A affiliate of the Milwaukee Brewers, the Wisconsin Timber Rattlers. During the 2011-2012 offseason, it was announced Hook would return to Double-A Huntsville once more as pitching coach. He served as the Brewers' Double-A pitching coach through 2017, then as the Brewers' roving minor league pitching coordinator in 2018.
Hook was hired as the Milwaukee Brewers' pitching coach on November 19, 2018.
References
External links
, or Retrosheet, or Baseball Reference (Minor and Independent leagues), or Pura Pelota (Venezuelan Winter League)
1968 births
Living people
Baseball coaches from California
Baseball players from San Diego
Cedar Rapids Reds players
Charleston Wheelers players
Chattanooga Lookouts players
Gulf Coast Reds players
Jackson Generals (Texas League) players
Las Vegas Stars (baseball) players
Lehigh Valley Black Diamonds players
Major League Baseball pitchers
Major League Baseball pitching coaches
Midland Angels players
Milwaukee Brewers coaches
Minor league baseball coaches
Northern Kentucky Norse baseball players
Northern Kentucky University alumni
Phoenix Firebirds players
San Francisco Giants players
Shreveport Captains players
Somerset Patriots players
Tiburones de La Guaira players
American expatriate baseball players in Venezuela |
20478874 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C3%A9rard%20Lorgeoux | Gérard Lorgeoux | Gérard Lorgeoux (born August 21, 1943 in Plumelin) was a member of the National Assembly of France. He represented Morbihan's 3rd constituency from 2002 to 2012
as a member of the Union for a Popular Movement.
References
1943 births
Living people
People from Morbihan
Politicians from Brittany
Union for a Popular Movement politicians
Deputies of the 12th National Assembly of the French Fifth Republic
Deputies of the 13th National Assembly of the French Fifth Republic |
23577498 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daren%20Brown | Daren Brown | Daren Dwayne Brown (born June 13, 1967) is an American professional baseball manager, who spent much of the 2013 season as the third base coach of the Seattle Mariners of Major League Baseball (MLB).
The son of big leaguer Paul Brown and nephew of Jackie Brown, Daren Brown was a pitcher in the Toronto Blue Jays minor league system from 1989 to 1993, and with the Amarillo Dillas of the independent Texas–Louisiana League from 1994 to 1999. He worked as a player-coach and player-manager during his time with the Dillas. Since 2000, Brown has been a manager in the Mariners minor league system, and managed the Tacoma Rainiers since 2007 except for a brief stint as interim manager of the Mariners during the 2010 season, along with serving as interim third-base coach of the Mariners in 2013 after Jeff Datz announced that he was diagnosed with cancer.
Professional career
Playing career
Brown pitched for Southeastern Oklahoma State University wrapping up his playing career with the Savages in 1989.
The son of big leaguer Paul Brown and nephew of Jackie Brown, Brown was drafted as a pitcher in the 29th round of the 1989 amateur draft by the Toronto Blue Jays and pitched in their chain for four years. From 1995 to 1999 he pitched for the independent league Amarillo Dillas. He was the Texas–Louisiana League Pitcher of the Year in 1995, 1997, and 1998, and made the league's all-star team from 1995 to 1998.
Coaching career
During Brown's time in Amarillo he also served as the team's pitching coach from 1994 to 1997 and was the club's manager from 1998 to 2000, compiling a 203–77 (.725) record which included winning the Texas–Louisiana League Championship in 1999. He was named the Texas–Louisiana League Manager of the Year in 1999.
Since 2001, Brown has worked in the Seattle Mariners organization. His first job with the Mariners was manager of the club's single-A affiliate, the San Bernardino Stampede. He helped San Bernardino reach the postseason in 2001 with a 43–27 second-half record, tops in the South Division, but fell in the first round of the playoffs. Brown led club to 77–63 overall record in 2002 and first-place finish in the first half of the season. In 2003 Brown led the Mariners' Class A affiliate, the Wisconsin Timber Rattlers to a 69–66 record in 2003. Wisconsin earned a playoff berth with a 38–28 first half and finished second in the division. The Timber Rattlers lost in the first round of the post-season. He spent 2004–2005 as manager of the Inland Empire 66ers. Led them to a 77–63 record and was the only team in Mariners organization to play in the postseason in 2004. In 2006 Brown managed the San Antonio Missions.
Since 2007, Brown has managed the Seattle Mariners Triple-A club, the Tacoma Rainiers. The Holdenville, Oklahoma native became the all-time leader in managerial wins in Tacoma franchise history last season when he notched his 376th victory with the Rainiers on May 28 vs. Tucson. He led the Rainiers to back-to-back divisional titles in 2009 and 2010, including winning the PCL Championship in 2010.
Brown was named the interim manager of the Seattle Mariners on August 9, 2010, after the team fired manager Don Wakamatsu, and by bringing in many players from Tacoma achieved a remarkable initial turnaround. In May 2013, Brown rejoined the Mariners wearing uniform (#52) as extra coach and to fill in as a third base coach when needed while Jeff Datz underwent cancer treatment.
Brown returned to Tacoma for the 2019 season, after serving in other capacities within Seattle's farm system. After managing the 2019 Rainiers to 61 wins, he is the all-time winningest manager in team history.
Managerial record
Personal
The name of Brown's wife is Cindy, and the couple have a home in Amarillo, Texas.
References
External links
Daren Brown at MiLB.com
1967 births
Living people
People from Holdenville, Oklahoma
Seattle Mariners managers
St. Catharines Blue Jays players
Myrtle Beach Blue Jays players
Dunedin Blue Jays players
Knoxville Blue Jays players
Knoxville Smokies players
Amarillo Dillas players
San Antonio Missions managers
Southeastern Oklahoma State Savage Storm baseball players
Seattle Mariners coaches |
20478878 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C3%A9rard%20Millet | Gérard Millet | Gérard Millet (born January 20, 1939 in Melun, Seine-et-Marne) is a member of the National Assembly of France. He represents the Seine-et-Marne department, and is a member of the Union for a Popular Movement.
References
1939 births
Living people
People from Melun
Politicians from Île-de-France
Union for a Popular Movement politicians
Deputies of the 13th National Assembly of the French Fifth Republic
Knights of the National Order of Merit (France) |
20478884 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C3%A9rard%20Voisin | Gérard Voisin | Gérard Voisin (born August 18, 1945 in Mâcon, Saône-et-Loire) is a member of the National Assembly of France. He represents the Saône-et-Loire department, and is a member of the Union for a Popular Movement.
References
1945 births
Living people
People from Mâcon
Politicians from Bourgogne-Franche-Comté
Union for French Democracy politicians
Union for a Popular Movement politicians
Deputies of the 10th National Assembly of the French Fifth Republic
Deputies of the 11th National Assembly of the French Fifth Republic
Deputies of the 12th National Assembly of the French Fifth Republic
Deputies of the 13th National Assembly of the French Fifth Republic |
6905724 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tatiana%20Doronina | Tatiana Doronina | Tatiana (Tatyana) Vasilyevna Doronina (; born 12 September 1933) is a popular Soviet/Russian actress who has performed in movies and the theater. She is generally regarded as one of the most talented actresses of her generation and was named a People's Artist of the USSR in 1981.
Biography
Doronina was born in Leningrad, USSR (now present-day St. Petersburg Russia) After graduating the MKhAT school in Moscow, she returned to Leningrad and joined the Bolshoi Drama Theatre directed by Georgy Tovstonogov.
After moving to Moscow, Doronina worked at the Mayakovsky Theater and then at MKhAT. Her major roles were Arkadina in The Seagull by Chekhov, Dulcinea del Toboso in a play by , Queen Elizabeth of England and Mary Stuart in Vivat Regina.
The films she starred in, though few, are now considered Soviet classics. Many directors at the time believed she was too theatrical for film and refused to hire her. Georgy Natanson reversed that judgment by giving her the lead parts in Older Sister and Once More About Love. Both films had a significant success and made Doronina a noteworthy film star. Young women in the Soviet Union imitated her bouffant hair-do and her manner of speaking, and fans queued up for hours to get tickets. For her role for Once More about Love in which she played a flight attendant, she earned the Best Soviet Actress title in 1968 from the Soviet Screen. "Doronina's profoundly romantic heroines could sacrifice everything for love. She rendered the love theme the way no actress did. In almost every of her films she would sing a song, which in her presentation turned into a small drama", says Russian Cultural Navigator. In Three Poplars in Plyushcikha she plays a plain country woman who, although married, has never experienced love and puts the anguish tormenting her heart into a song called "Tenderness”.
At present Doronina is artistic director of the , a job she accepted when MKhAT split into two independent troupes.
Her former husbands include Edvard Radzinsky, a popular Russian writer and historian, and actors Oleg Basilashvili and Boris Khimichev.
Selected filmography
The First Echelon (1955)
Older Sister (1966)
Three Poplars in Plyushcikha (1968)
Once More About Love (1968)
The Blue Bird (1970)Stepmom'' (1973)
Honours and awards
Order of Merit for the Fatherland;
1st class (29 April 2019)
2nd class (13 September 2013)
3rd class (11 June 2003) - for outstanding contribution to the development of theatrical art
4th class (23 October 1998) - for many years of fruitful work in the field of theatrical art, and in connection with the 100th anniversary of the Moscow Art Theatre
Order of Honour (8 September 2008) - for outstanding contribution to the development of domestic theatrical and cinematic arts, many years of creative activity
Order of Friendship of Peoples (20 June 1994) - for great achievements in the field of theatrical arts
Tsarskoselskaya Art Prize (18 October 2011 - "For the grace and inspiration of the images in the theatre and film"
People's Artist of USSR
People's Artist of the RSFSR
Merited Artist of the RSFSR
References
External links
Tatyana Doronina
1933 births
Living people
Soviet film actresses
Soviet stage actresses
Russian film actresses
Russian stage actresses
Actresses from Saint Petersburg
Russian and Soviet theatre directors
People's Artists of the USSR
Full Cavaliers of the Order "For Merit to the Fatherland"
Recipients of the Order of Honour (Russia)
Recipients of the Order of Friendship of Peoples
People's Artists of the RSFSR
Honored Artists of the RSFSR
Moscow Art Theatre School alumni |
23577499 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2000%20Libyan%20Premier%20League | 2000 Libyan Premier League | Statistics of Libyan Premier League in season 2000.
Overview
It was contested by 15 teams, and Al-Ahly (Tripoli) won the championship.
Group stage
Group A
Group B
Final
Al-Ahly (Tripoli) 1-0 Al-Hilal (Benghazi)
References
Libya - List of final tables (RSSSF)
Libyan Premier League seasons
1
Libya
Libya |
20478887 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henri%20Cuq | Henri Cuq | Henri Cuq (12 March 1942 – 11 June 2010) was a member of the National Assembly of France. He represented the Yvelines department, and was a member of the Union for a Popular Movement.
References
1942 births
2010 deaths
Politicians from Toulouse
Rally for the Republic politicians
Union for a Popular Movement politicians
Government ministers of France
Deputies of the 12th National Assembly of the French Fifth Republic
Deputies of the 13th National Assembly of the French Fifth Republic
Deaths from cancer in France |
20478892 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henri%20Nayrou | Henri Nayrou | Henri Nayrou (born 21 November 1944 at Suc-et-Sentenac, Ariège) is a French journalist and politician who has been president of the departmental council of Ariège since November 2014. A member of the French Socialist Party, he represented the 2nd constituency of Ariège in the National Assembly from 1997 to 2012.
References
1944 births
Deputies of the 11th National Assembly of the French Fifth Republic
Deputies of the 12th National Assembly of the French Fifth Republic
Deputies of the 13th National Assembly of the French Fifth Republic
Living people
Socialist Party (France) politicians |
6905730 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeannette%20Vermeersch | Jeannette Vermeersch | Jeannette Vermeersch (born Julie Marie Vermeersch; 26 November 1910 – 5 November 2001) was a French politician.
She is principally known for having been the companion (1932–1947) and then the wife (1947–1964) of Maurice Thorez, general secretary of the French Communist Party (PCF), with whom she had three children, born before their union was made official.
Biography
Born in La Madeleine, Nord as the seventh of nine children in a family of workers, Jeannette Vermeersch joined the workforce at the age of ten, despite the fact that at the time, children under the age of 13 were legally prohibited from working. Her first job was as a servant at a wine merchant's, then in a bourgeois family, before she entered a textile factory as a worker in 1921, all the while continuing to do chores after her hours of work at the factory.
Vermeersch began activity as a union activist in 1927. Through connections she formed in the union, she came to discover communism, whose growth as a movement was then in full swing in France, several years after the Tours Congress, and she founded a section of Young Communists. Her communist activity led her, in 1929, to be designated to take part in a delegation of textile workers who travelled to explore the Soviet Union. While her comrades returned to France, Jeannette Vermeersch chose to prolong her stay, remaining in Moscow for several months and working "for the cause". It is on this occasion that she would have heard the name of Maurice Thorez spoken for the first time in her presence, a little while before meeting him at the 16th Congress of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union in 1930.
Their relationship only became intimate in 1932. During the following seven years, Jeannette Vermeersch focused on Party missions; as an agent, she was zealous but a little withdrawn. For example, under the guidance of Jacques Duclos, she organised an extraordinary congress of Communist Youth in 1933, retaking control of a movement suspected of drifting in an "avant-gardist" direction. She was also one of the pivotal members of a new organisation that the Party had asked to be formed, the Union of Young French Women. After the Spanish Civil War began in 1936, she also focused very clearly on getting together a network of people in solidarity with the Second Spanish Republic, in addition to her other responsibilities. She headed the operation that sent food and various materials to the Republicans and organised the welcome of political refugees on French soil by the Communist networks present in small French towns.
On 2 October 1939, shortly after World War II began, she accompanied Mounette Dutilleul, who had come to Chauny to bring Maurice Thorez orders to desert, issued by the Third International. Escorted by Alphonse Pelayo, they left together toward the Nord , but crossed the Belgian border separately. Jeannette Vermeersch and her two young sons joined Maurice Thorez in Moscow. They remained in the USSR until November 1944. Jeannette gave birth to a third son in a clinic near Moscow.
In 1945, after her return to France, Jeannette Vermeersch was elected a deputy to the constituent assembly that met from 21 October 1945 to 5 May 1946, until the first proposal for a new French constitution was rejected by referendum. She was then elected, without interruption, to every sitting of the National Assembly until 1958, then moving up to the Senate, where she sat until 1968.
On 17 September 1947, Maurice Thorez and Jeannette Vermeersch made their union official at the city hall of Choisy-le-Roi (today in Val-de-Marne département). In 1950, when Maurice Thorez was stricken with hemiplegia and left to seek treatment in the USSR, Jeannette Vermeersch entered the Politburo of the French Communist Party, of which she was a member until 1968.
In 1956, Jeannette Vermeersch, speaking as vice president of the Union of French Women, took a stance against birth control: "Birth control, voluntary motherhood, is a bait for the great masses, but it is a weapon in the hands of the bourgeoisie against social laws". This position went against that of numerous activists, notably in the medical field. Thorez took Jeannette's side in condemning neo-Malthusian conjectures.
After Thorez died in 1964, she was often very critical of the new direction taken by general secretary Waldeck Rochet, and decided to resign from the Politburo in 1968 after Rochet expressed disapproval for the intervention of Warsaw Pact troops in Czechoslovakia to put an end to the Prague Spring. On the same occasion she ended her political career, nevertheless remaining an activist of the base, renewing her Communist Party membership until her death.
After her death and cremation, her ashes were transferred to Paris, to the Père Lachaise Cemetery, into the tomb of Maurice Thorez.
On the occasion of her death, the heads of the party, Robert Hue (party president) and Marie-George Buffet (national secretary and Minister of Youth Affairs and Sports) underlined that, although they disagreed with the deceased on a number of points, they still saluted the unflappability of her convictions and the permanence of her involvement.
After 1950, Jeannette Vermeersch also used the name Jeannette Thorez-Vermeersch, but she is usually known by her historical pseudonym, notably within the Communist Party. She never used the name Jeannette Thorez.
She died in Callian, Var.
Union and party functions
1930–1931: member of the secretariat of Young Communists of the Nord
1931–1932: member of the national committee of young union members of the Unitary General Confederation of Labour
1932–1934: member of the national bureau of Young Communists
1934–1935: co-director of the Union of Young French Women
1945–1974: vice president of the Union of French Women
1950–1968: member of the Politburo of the French Communist Party
Elected political positions
1945–1946: deputy for Seine (first constituent assembly)
1946–1947: deputy for Seine (second constituent assembly)
1947–1951: deputy for Seine
1951–1956: deputy for Seine
1956–1958: deputy for Seine
1959–1964: senator for Seine
1964–1968: senator for Val-de-Marne
Works
Jeannette Thorez-Vermeersch, Vers quels lendemains ? : de l'internationalisme à l'eurocommunisme (Toward What Futures? From Internationalism to Eurocommunism), Hachette, « Hachette-Essais » collection, Paris, 1979. 204 p. .
Jeannette Thorez-Vermeersch, la Vie en rouge : mémoires (My Life in Red: Memoirs), Belfond, Paris, February 1998. 242 p. .
References
Philippe Robrieux, Histoire intérieure du parti communiste, Tome 4 (Internal History of the Communist Party, v. 4), Fayard, 1984
External links
Background on Thorez and Vermeersch, put online by the municipal archives of Ivry, 2006
1910 births
2001 deaths
People from La Madeleine, Nord
French Communist Party politicians
Textile workers
Burials at Père Lachaise Cemetery
French expatriates in the Soviet Union
People granted political asylum in the Soviet Union
20th-century French women politicians |
20478900 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henri%20Plagnol | Henri Plagnol | Henri Plagnol (born February 11, 1961 in Paris) is a French politician who has served on the National Assembly. He represented the Val-de-Marne department, from 1997 to 2002, and again from 2007 to 2012. Throughout his legislature tenure, Plagnol has been affiliated with the Union for French Democracy, the Union for a Popular Movement and the Union of Democrats and Independents.
Plagnol served as deputy mayor of Saint-Maur-des-Fossés from 1997, and contested the office in 2008, after Jean-Louis Beaumont chose not to run for reelection. Plagnol remained mayor until 2014, when he lost reelection to Sylvain Berrios.
References
1961 births
Living people
Politicians from Paris
Union for French Democracy politicians
Union for a Popular Movement politicians
Union of Democrats and Independents politicians
Deputies of the 11th National Assembly of the French Fifth Republic
Deputies of the 12th National Assembly of the French Fifth Republic
Deputies of the 13th National Assembly of the French Fifth Republic
Deputies of the 14th National Assembly of the French Fifth Republic |
23577500 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peak%20River | Peak River | The Peak River, a perennial stream that is part of the Murrumbidgee catchment within the Murray–Darling basin, is located in the Snowy Mountains region of New South Wales, Australia.
Course and features
The Peak River rises below Bogong Peaks, on the northeastern slopes of Mount Bogong within the Bongong Range, part of the Snowy Mountains, contained within the Kosciuszko National Park. The river flows generally north before reaching its confluence with the Goobarragandra River near Macks Crossing. The river descends over its course.
See also
List of rivers of New South Wales (L-Z)
List of rivers of Australia
Rivers of New South Wales
References
External links
Rivers of New South Wales
Murray-Darling basin
Snowy Mountains
Snowy Valleys Council |
6905751 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ovarian%20plexus | Ovarian plexus | The ovarian plexus arises from the renal plexus, and is distributed to the ovary, and fundus of the uterus.
It is carried in the suspensory ligament of the ovary.
References
External links
Nerve plexus
Nerves of the torso |
23577502 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ius%20Latium | Ius Latium | ius Latium, in Roman law, was a rule of law applicable to magistrates in Latium. It was either majus Latium or minus Latium,—the majus Latium raising to the dignity of Roman citizen not only the magistrate himself, but also his wife and children; the minus Latium raising to that dignity only the magistrate himself.
See also
Ius
Ius Latii
Ius Quiritium
References
Black's Law Dictionary (Second Edition 1910) (public domain)
Latin legal terminology |
20478906 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henriette%20Martinez | Henriette Martinez | Henriette Martinez (born July 10, 1949 in Laragne-Montéglin, Hautes-Alpes) was a member of the National Assembly of France. She represented Hautes-Alpes' 1st constituency, as a member of the Rally for the Republic from 1993 to 1997 and again as a member of Union for a Popular Movement from 2002 to 2012.
References
1949 births
Living people
People from Hautes-Alpes
Rally for the Republic politicians
Union for a Popular Movement politicians
The Popular Right
Mayors of places in Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur
Women mayors of places in France
Deputies of the 12th National Assembly of the French Fifth Republic
Deputies of the 13th National Assembly of the French Fifth Republic
21st-century French women politicians
20th-century French women politicians |
6905753 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elmer%20Bowman | Elmer Bowman | Elmari Wilhelm Bowman (March 19, 1897 – December 17, 1985) was a Major League Baseball player for the Washington Senators in August 1920. The 23-year-old rookie made two pinch-hitting appearances for the Senators and did not play in the field, so his position is not known.
Both of Bowman's appearances took place on the road. His major league debut on August 3, 1920 was against the Cleveland Indians at League Park. His second and last appearance, six days later, was against the Chicago White Sox at Comiskey Park. Bowman was 0-for-1 with a walk in his two games, giving him an on-base percentage of .500. He also scored one run.
Bowman died in Los Angeles at the age of 88.
External links
Baseball Reference
Retrosheet
1897 births
1985 deaths
Washington Senators (1901–1960) players
Major League Baseball first basemen
Baseball players from Vermont
Jersey City Skeeters players
Toronto Maple Leafs (International League) players
Reading Marines players
Minneapolis Millers (baseball) players
Norfolk Tars players
Shreveport Gassers players
New Haven Indians players
New Haven Profs players
Seattle Indians players
Birmingham Barons players
Springfield Ponies players
Vermont Catamounts baseball players |
23577504 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phils%20River | Phils River | Phils River, a watercourse that is part of the Lachlan catchment within the Murray–Darling basin, is located in the central western region of New South Wales, Australia.
The river rises on the western slopes of the Great Dividing Range, near Thalaba, below Big Magpie Hill, and flows generally north–east, before reaching its confluence with the Bolong River, east of Blanket Flat.
See also
List of rivers of New South Wales (L–Z)
List of rivers of Australia
Rivers of New South Wales
References
Rivers of New South Wales
Murray-Darling basin |
20478909 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Livermore%20v.%20Waite | Livermore v. Waite | Livermore V. Waite is an 1894 California Supreme Court ruling that limits the power of the legislature in making amendments to the California Constitution by ruling that the power to change to the constitution cannot be delegated to any individual, as the sovereign power rests with the people
The decision was met with the full concurrence of the court, with the majority opinion authored by Justice Harrison and the concurring opinion authored by Justice Paterson.
Background
In the session of congress prior to this case, congress approved by a two-thirds majority in each house, an amendment to the constitution changing section 1 of article XX of the constitution to change the capital of California from Sacramento to San Jose pending a two-thirds approval by the electorate, a donation of ten acres in San Jose to the state, and one million dollars for the move. It also authorized the Governor, Secretary of State, and Attorney General to approve the site and upon approval and transferring the one million dollars into the state treasury, the legislature would provide for the erection of the building, and the removal of the capital at Sacramento.
As a taxpayer and citizen, Horatio Livermore brought action against the secretary of state to restrain from publishing in the statutes, and sending to the county clerks of the state, the proposed senate constitutional amendment because he felt that congress had out stepped its authority in making this amendment, and that it would be inoperative if approved by the people. This would result in an improper expenditure of public money.
The lower court ruled in the plaintiff Livermore's favor, to which the defendant Waite appealed and the Supreme Court affirmed the decision, finding the amendment to be unconstitutional.
Opinion
The constitution can be changed in two methods, a revision to the constitution by delegates in a convention with the purpose of revising the entire document, in which the limitations are set only by the United States Constitution.
The second is by adoption by the people of more limited amendments that have been passed two-thirds majority of the legislature.
The court provided a definition under Article XVIII of an amendment and a revision:
The very term "constitution" implies an instrument of a permanent and abiding nature, and the provisions contained therein for its revision indicate the will of the people that the underlying principles upon which it rests, as well as the substantial entirety of the instrument, shall be of a like permanent and abiding nature. On the other hand, the significance of the term "amendment" implies such an addition or change within the lines of the original instrument as will effect an improvement, or better carry out the purpose for which it was framed.
The court decided that by making the amendment conditional pending the approval was of the new location of the capital by the Governor, Secretary of State, and Attorney General, their votes superseded the vote of the people, and that in effect, the vote of the people would was simply a manner in which to send it to a higher power for approval. This amendment would not become operational on popular approval, but on conditions not specified there. This meant that the proposition was not passed in accordance with either method in the Constitution for amendment or revision, therefore rendering it unconstitutional.
Significance
In August 1999, the Alaska Supreme Court used the ruling in Livermore v. Waite in the case Bess v. Ulmer noting "it is helpful to look to the law of California, a state which has considered the issue carefully over a period of nearly one hundred years. A line of California Supreme Court cases, beginning with Livermore v. Waite, has outlined the parameters of the procedures for constitutional change in that state."
Notes
1894 in California
1894 in United States case law
California state case law
U.S. state separation of powers case law |
6905757 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Generative%20systems | Generative systems | Generative systems are technologies with the overall capacity to produce unprompted change driven by large, varied, and uncoordinated audiences. When generative systems provide a common platform, changes may occur at varying layers (physical, network, application, content) and provide a means through which different firms and individuals may cooperate indirectly and contribute to innovation.
Depending on the rules, the patterns can be extremely varied and unpredictable. One of the better-known examples is Conway's Game of Life, a cellular automaton. Other examples include Boids and Wikipedia. More examples can be found in generative music, generative art, and, more recently, in video games such as Spore.
Theory
Jonathan Zittrain
In 2006, Jonathan Zittrain published The Generative Internet in Volume 119 of the Harvard Law Review. In this paper, Zittrain describes a technology's degree of generativity as being the function of four characteristics:
Capacity for leverage – the extent to which an object enables something to be accomplished that would not have otherwise be possible or worthwhile.
Adaptability – how widely a technology can be used without it needing to be modified.
Ease of mastery – how much effort and skill is required for people to take advantage of the technology's leverage.
Accessibility – how easily people are able to start using a technology.
See also
References
External links
A talk on generative systems by Will Wright and Brian Eno for the Long Now Foundation
The Future of the Internet and How to Stop it; Yale University Press (2008)
Early generative computer graphics by Herber W. Franke
Generative Systeme by Benedikt Groß and Julia Laub
Bugworld - a generative vermin installation by Philipp Sackl, Markus Jaritz & Thomas Gläser
Complex systems theory |
20478920 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National%20Institute%20of%20Technology%20and%20Evaluation | National Institute of Technology and Evaluation | The , or NITE is an Independent Administrative Institution, established by Japanese government, aiming to contribute to the "safety and security of life" supported by reliable technology and information.
History
The predecessors of NITE were five Inspection Institutes of the Japanese government, such as the Export Silk Fabrics Inspection Institute established in 1928, Machinery and Tools Inspection Institute in 1948. After several reorganization steps, they were integrated into the International Trade and Industry Inspection Institute in 1984. It was reorganized into the National Institute of Technology and Evaluation in 1995 and established as an incorporated administrative agency in 2001 remaining under the Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry.
Missions
To establish intellectual foundations for the development of the economy as well as for the safety and security of society.
NITE works toward the mission by technical evaluation of industrial products, and preservation and distribution of products’ information, in the following four fields.
1. Biotechnology field
The Department of Biotechnology (DOB) manages NITE Biological Resource Center (NBRC), which works as a national culture collection in Japan. It is dedicated to the acquisition, characterization, identification, and preservation of microorganisms, such as bacteria, archaea, fungi and microalgae, and distribution of those microbes together with their genetic information to the universities, research institutions and industries. It also manages a patent depositary for biological material under the Budapest Treaty. Based on the principles of the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD), DOB has been conducting collaborative research with a number of Asian countries in conservation and sustainable use of microbial resources. It also works for biosafety following by the guidelines of Cartagena Protocol.
2. Chemical management field
The Chemical Management Center of NITE undertakes a central role in the comprehensive chemical management. The three main aspects of the center's activities are 1) Support for the enforcement of laws and regulations related to the risk management of chemical substances, 2) Arrangement and provision of comprehensive information, by developing databases, to provide knowledge required for implementing chemical management system, 3) Development and management of risk assessment of chemical substances.
3. Accreditation field
The International Accreditation Japan (IAJapan) is an accreditation body that was established following a comprehensive review of accreditation programs for testing and calibration laboratories operated at NITE. The establishment of IAJapan is based on the perception that it is the duty of the government accreditation body to respond to requests from industries, academies, and the government administrations. Accreditation programs currently operated in IAJapan include MLAP (Specified Measurement Laboratory Accreditation Program), JCSS (Japan Calibration Service System), JNLA (Japan National Laboratory Accreditation System) and ASNITE (Accreditation System of NITE).
4. Consumer products safety field
The Products Safety Technology Center of NITE collects accidents information on consumer products, investigates their causes and makes the results available to the public. It also conducts product tests to identify the safety and quality performances, and on-site inspections to confirm businesses’ compliance with the laws and regulations on product safety. The results are periodically stored in an accident information database, which is made available to the public on the website. The Center also contributes to the development of standards in the area related to the consumer safety, in collaboration with universities and research institutes.
References
External links
NITE Official Web site
Economy of Japan
2001 establishments in Japan |
23577505 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter%20Falconer%20%28footballer%29 | Peter Falconer (footballer) | Peter Falconer (born 28 November 1937) is a former Australian rules footballer who played for Geelong and Carlton in the Victorian Football League (VFL).
Falconer was a Geelong Amateur before making his senior VFL debut in 1958, replacing club vice-captain Neil Trezise. He had a strong first season and despite missing four games, was Geelong's leading vote getter at the Brownlow Medal. A rover, Falconer was one of the smallest players of his era and also had a good debut season at Carlton. His 30 goals was the second most by a Carlton player that year and he again polled well on Brownlow Medal night, sharing the equal most Carlton votes with Bruce McMaster-Smith. He also appeared in all 20 games that year, including the 1962 VFL Grand Final loss.
References
External links
Holmesby, Russell and Main, Jim (2007). The Encyclopedia of AFL Footballers. 7th ed. Melbourne: Bas Publishing.
1937 births
Living people
Geelong Football Club players
Carlton Football Club players
Australian rules footballers from Victoria (Australia)
People educated at Geelong College |
20478929 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Downtown%20Woodland%20Historic%20District | Downtown Woodland Historic District | The Downtown Woodland Historic District is a historic district in Woodland, California. The district encompasses roughly and 59 contributing buildings. It is a California Historical Landmark and is listed as a historic district on the National Register of Historic Places.
Contributing properties
Historic district contributing properties include:
Hotel Woodland
Porter Building
Woodland Opera House
Woodland Public Library
The Jackson Building
See also
California Historical Landmarks in Yolo County, California
National Register of Historic Places listings in Yolo County, California
Index: Historic districts in California
References
Woodland, California
Historic districts on the National Register of Historic Places in California
History of Yolo County, California
Geography of Yolo County, California
National Register of Historic Places in Yolo County, California |
23577506 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pigna%20Barney%20River | Pigna Barney River | Pigna Barney River, a partly perennial river of the Manning River catchment, is located in the Upper Hunter district of New South Wales, Australia.
Course and features
Pigna Barney River rises on the eastern slopes of Mount Royal Range, south of the locale of Glenrock, and flows generally east by south before reaching its confluence with the Manning River, south of Mount Myra. The river descends over its course.
See also
Rivers of New South Wales
List of rivers in New South Wales (L-Z)
List of rivers of Australia
References
External links
Rivers of New South Wales
Rivers of the Hunter Region
Upper Hunter Shire |
20478989 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mingo%20%28footballer%29 | Mingo (footballer) | Carles Domingo Pladevall (born 10 June 1977), known as Mingo, is a Spanish former professional footballer who played as a left back.
A FC Barcelona youth product, he appeared in 279 Segunda División matches over 11 seasons, mainly with Gimnàstic (five years) and Barcelona B (three). He added in 134 and one goal in La Liga, where he represented the former club and also Sporting de Gijón, Rayo Vallecano, Betis and Albacete.
Club career
Born in Hostalric, Girona, Catalonia, Mingo began his football career in FC Barcelona's youth system. Playing alongside Albert Celades and Iván de la Peña, he won the 1994 División de Honor and the Copa del Rey Juvenil; already a senior, he spent three seasons with the club's B-team.
Mingo was released in the summer of 1997, moving to Sporting de Gijón and making his La Liga debut that season as the Asturias side were finally relegated. After two seasons he returned to the top flight with Rayo Vallecano, where his good performances attracted attention from Real Betis, with a good first campaign being followed by two subpar ones (in his last year, however, he scored his first goal in the top level, a 2–1 away win against RCD Espanyol on 25 January 2004).
In 2004, Mingo moved to Albacete Balompié, playing one season each in the first and second divisions – in his second year, he was sent off three times. In 2006–07 he returned to his region of birth, signing with Gimnàstic de Tarragona and appearing in 16 league games in a season that ended in top-tier relegation.
Veteran Mingo was regularly used by Nàstic in the following four second division campaigns, featuring in a minimum of 21 and a maximum of 29 league matches. He was released at the end of 2011–12, with the club suffering relegation.
Honours
Spain U18
UEFA European Under-18 Championship: 1995
References
External links
1977 births
Living people
People from Selva
Spanish footballers
Footballers from Catalonia
Association football defenders
La Liga players
Segunda División players
Tercera División players
FC Barcelona C players
FC Barcelona B players
Sporting de Gijón players
Rayo Vallecano players
Real Betis players
Albacete Balompié players
Gimnàstic de Tarragona footballers
Spain youth international footballers
Spain under-23 international footballers |
6905758 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kunhiraman%20Palat%20Candeth | Kunhiraman Palat Candeth | Lieutenant General Kunhiraman Palat Candeth, PVSM (Hindi: के पी कंडेथ; 23 October 1916 – 19 May 2003) was a senior army officer in the Indian Army who played a commanding role in Liberation of Goa from Portuguese control in 1961, and briefly tenured as the Military Governor of Goa, Daman and Diu.
He later served as the Deputy Chief of Army Staff based on GHQ in New Delhi at the midst of the second war in 1965, and later effectively commanded the Western Command during the third war with Pakistan in 1971.
Early life
He was born in Ottapalam, Malabar District (now Kerala) in British India (now India) to MA Candeth, being the grandson of the landlord and writer Vengayil Kunhiraman Nayanar. His maternal grandfather was Sir C. Sankaran Nair, who was the President of the Indian National Congress.
Military career
Pre-independence
Commissioned into the Royal Artillery in 1936, Candeth saw action in West Asia during the Second World War. And, shortly before India's independence from colonial rule, he was deployed in the North West Frontier Province, bordering Afghanistan, to quell local tribes. The mountainous terrain gave Candeth the experience for his later operations against Nagaland separatists in the North East. He attended the Military Services Staff College at Quetta, capital of Baluchistan in 1945.
Kashmir 1947
After Independence, Candeth was commanding an artillery regiment that was deployed to Jammu and Kashmir after Pakistan-backed tribesmen attacked and captured a third of the province before being forced back by the Indian Army. Thereafter, Candeth held a series of senior appointments, including that of Director General of Artillery at Army Headquarters in Delhi, to which he was appointed on 8 September 1959, with the acting rank of major-general (substantive colonel).
North East
After relinquishing charge as Goa's Military Governor in 1963, Candeth was appointed GOC, Nagaland on 23 August 1963. He took command of the newly raised 8 Mountain Division in the North-East on 15 November 1963, where he battled, although with little success, the highly organised Naga insurgents. The insurgency in the North East has not been quelled completely to this day. On 7 May 1965, he was appointed Deputy Chief of the Army Staff (DCOAS) with the acting rank of lieutenant-general. He was promoted to lieutenant-general on 17 January 1966, and was appointed GOC-in-C, Western Command on 27 September 1969.
Awards and later life
Lt. Gen. Kunhiraman Palat Candeth was awarded the Param Vishisht Seva Medal and also the Padma Bhushan by the Government of India. Retiring from the army on 21 October 1972, he joined the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) in the 1990s and was appointed a member of the Party's Executive Committee.
Dates of rank
See also
Operation Vijay
World War II
Vengayil Kunhiraman Nayanar
Notes
References
External links
https://web.archive.org/web/20060714020422/http://www.goavidhansabha.gov.in/pastgov.php
Candeth, K.P.
Candeth, K.P.
Indian generals
Generals of the Indo-Pakistani War of 1971
People from Ottapalam
History of Goa
Candeth, KP
Rashtriya Indian Military College alumni
Malayali people
Recipients of the Padma Bhushan in civil service |
44503813 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2014%E2%80%932016%20CEV%20Beach%20Volleyball%20Continental%20Cup | 2014–2016 CEV Beach Volleyball Continental Cup | The 2015 2014–2016 CEV Beach Volleyball Continental Cup were a beach volleyball double-gender event. Teams were split into groups of four, where an elimination bracket determined the 3 teams to advance to the next stage from the sub-zones. The winners of the event qualified for the 2016 Summer Olympics.
Men
Round 1
Pool A
Pool A was contested in Matosinhos, Portugal.
Second place match 2–0
Semifinals
4th place
2nd place
Final
and qualified to round 3.
Pool B
Pool B was contested in Portoroz, Slovenia.
Round1 Scotland 2–0
and qualified to round 3.
Pool C
Pool C was contested in Umag, Croatia.
Second place match 2–0
and qualified to round 3.
Pool D
Pool D was contested in Bournemouth, England.
Second place match 2–0
and qualified to round 3.
Pool E
Pool E was contested in Marathon, Greece.
Second place match 2–0
and qualified to round 3.
Pool F
Pool F was contested in Vilnius, Lithuania.
Round1 1–2
and qualified to round 3.
Pool G
Pool G was contested in Kardzhali, Bulgaria.
Second place match 2–0
and qualified to round 3.
Pool H
Pool H was contested in Baku, Azerbaijan.
Second place match 1–2
and qualified to round 3.
Round 2
Pool A
Pool A was contested in Odense, Denmark.
Round 1 2–0
and qualified to round 3.
Pool B
Pool B was contested in Edinburgh, Scotland.
Second place match 1–2
and qualified to round 3.
Pool C
Pool C was contested in Mellieha, Malta.
Round 1 2–0
and qualified to round 3.
Pool D
Pool D was contested in Belgrade, Serbia.
Second place match 0–2
and qualified to round 3.
Round 3
Pool A
Pool A was contested in Baden, Austria.
Second place match 2–1
qualified to semifinals.
qualified to round 4.
Pool B
Pool B was contested in Baden, Austria.
Second place match 2–0
qualified to semifinals.
qualified to round 4.
Pool C
Pool C was contested in Lorca, Spain.
Second place match 2–0
qualified to the semifinals.
qualified to round 4.
Pool D
Pool D was contested in Montpellier, France.
Second place match 2–0
qualified to the semifinals.
qualified to round 4.
Pool E
Pool E was contested in Thessaloniki, Greece.
Second place match 1–2
qualified to the semifinals.
qualified to round 4.
Pool F
Pool F was contested in Vilnius, Lithuania.
Second place match 2–1
qualified to the semifinals.
qualified to round 4.
Pool G
Pool G was contested in Paralimni, Cyprus.
Second place match 2–0
qualified to the semifinals.
qualified to round 4.
Pool H
Pool H was contested in Fethiye, Turkey.
Second place match 2–0
qualified to the semifinals.
qualified to round 4.
Round 4
Pool A
Pool A was contested in Vilnius, Lithuania.
Second place match 2–1
and qualified to the final phase.
Pool B
Pool B was contested in Sochi, Russia.
Second place match 2–1
and qualified to the final phase.
Pool C
Pool C was contested in Thessaloniki, Greece.
Second place match 2–1
and qualified to the final phase.
Pool D
Pool D was contested in Tel Aviv, Israel.
Second place match 1–2
and qualified to the final phase.
Final round
The final round was played in Stavanger, Norway 22 to 26 June 2016.
Women
Ranking
The top 8 in CEV Country Ranking as of 31 December 2013 qualified to round 3.
, , , , , , and
Round 1
Pool A
Pool A was contested in Matosinhos, Portugal.
Second place match 2–0
and qualified to round 3.
and continued in round 2.
Pool B
Pool B was contested in Portoroz, Slovenia.
Round1: Northern Ireland 0–2
Round2: Norway 2–0
Round2: 2–0
5 place: 0–2
Round 1
Round 2
5 place ranked
Semifinals
Final
and qualified to round 3.
, and continued in round 2.
Pool C
Pool C was contested in Umag, Croatia.
Second place match 0–2
and qualified to round 3.
and continued in round 2.
Pool D
Pool D was contested in Bournemouth, England.
Semifinals
Second place match England 0–2
and qualified to round 3.
and continued in round 2.
Pool E
Pool E was contested in Marathon, Greece.
Semifinals
Final
Second place match 2–0
and qualified to round 3.
and continued in round 2.
Pool F
Pool F was contested in Vilnius, Lithuania.
Round1 0–2
and qualified to round 3.
, and continued in round 2.
Pool G
Pool G was contested in Kardzhali, Bulgaria.
Second place match 2–0
and qualified to round 3.
and continued in round 2.
Pool H
Pool H was contested in Baku, Azerbaijan.
Second place match 2–1
and qualified to round 3.
and continued in round 2.
Round 2
Pool A
Pool A was contested in Odense, Denmark.
Round 1 0–2
and qualified to round 3.
, and eliminated.
Pool B
Pool B was contested in Edinburgh, Scotland.
Second place match Scotland 2–1
and qualified to round 3.
and eliminated.
Pool C
Pool C was contested in Mellieha, Malta.
Round 1 2–0
and qualified to round 3.
, and eliminated.
Pool D
Pool D was contested in Belgrade, Serbia.
Second place match 2–0
and qualified to round 3.
and eliminated.
Round 3
Pool A
Pool A was contested in Baden, Austria.
Second place match 2–1
qualified to the final round.
and qualified to round 4.
eliminated.
Pool B
Pool B was contested in Baden, Austria.
Second place match 2–0
qualified to the final round.
and qualified to round 4.
eliminated.
Pool C
Pool C was contested in Lorca, Spain.
Second place match 2–0
qualified to the final round.
and qualified to round 4.
eliminated.
Pool D
Pool D was contested in Montpellier, France.
Second place match 2–0
qualified to the final round.
and qualified to round 4.
eliminated.
Pool E
Pool E was contested in Thessaloniki, Greece.
Second place match 2–0
qualified to the final round.
and qualified to round 4.
eliminated.
Pool F
Pool F was contested in Vilnius, Lithuania.
Second place match 1–2
qualified to the final round.
and qualified to round 4.
eliminated.
Pool G
Pool G was contested in Cyprus, Paralimni.
Second place match 2–0
qualified to the final round.
and qualified to round 4.
eliminated.
Pool H
Pool H was contested in Fethiye, Turkey.
Second place match 2–1
qualified to the final round.
and qualified to round 4.
eliminated.
Round 4
Pool A
Pool A was contested in Vilnius, Lithuania.
Second place match 2–1
and qualified to the final round.
and eliminated.
Pool B
Pool B was contested in Sochi, Russia.
Second place match 2–0
and qualified to the final round.
and eliminated.
Pool C
Pool B was contested in Greece.
and qualified to the final round.
eliminated.
did not participate.
Pool D
Pool B was contested in Israel.
and qualified to the final round.
and eliminated.
Final round
The final round was played in Stavanger, Norway 22 to 26 June 2016.
As and already had qualified to the Olympics with the maximum number of two teams per country through the FIVB Beach Volleyball Olympic Ranking, they were replaced by and .
qualified to the 2016 Summer Olympics
, and qualified to the World Continental Cup
References
External links
Official website
Continental Beach Volleyball Cup
2014 in beach volleyball
2015 in beach volleyball
2016 in beach volleyball |
23577508 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adonism | Adonism | Adonism is a Neopagan religion founded in 1925 by the German esotericist Franz Sättler (1884 – c.1942), who often went by the pseudonym of Dr. Musalam. Although Sättler claimed that it was the continuation of an ancient pagan religion, it has been recognised by academics as being "instead the single-handed creation of a highly gifted and educated man", this figure being Sättler himself. Adonism is a polytheistic religion, revolving around a belief that there are five principal gods: Belus, Biltis, Adonis, Dido and Molchos. Adonis is the most prominent of these in the group's theology, being a benevolent figure that Sättler equated with the Christian figure of Satan. In contrast to Adonis, Molchos is believed by Adonists to be malevolent, and to be responsible for the enslavement of humanity through monotheistic religions such as Judaism, Christianity and Islam: the religion therefore has "a pronounced anti-Christian bias".
Born into the Bohemian region of the Austro-Hungarian Empire, Franz Sättler proved himself to be a talented linguist, gaining a doctorate in the subject and publishing the world's first Persian-German dictionary. Subsequently travelling across much of Europe, he was imprisoned by the French during the First World War, where he first came across Theosophy and the occult, topics which greatly interested him. Briefly becoming an intelligence agent for the Czechoslovak government, he was again arrested and imprisoned, this time in Germany, and whilst imprisoned here he began formulating some of his esoteric ideas and writing books on the subject. Released in the mid-1920s, he went on to begin propagating Adonism through the foundation of his Adonistic Society. Sättler would face legal trouble and a public scandal due to his beliefs in the 1930s, leading to him renaming the Society the Alliance of Orion, before it was eventually shut down by the Nazi government in 1939. Sättler himself disappeared in the early years of the following decade, with some believing that he was executed by the Nazi authorities.
Scholar Hans Thomas Hakl stated that "The influence of Adonism... on the German magical scene is substantial. It definitely influenced the German magus Friedrich Wilhelm Quintscher (1893–1945)... and also the Fraternitas Saturni, the most interesting occult fraternity in modern Germany". Many of the group's adherents have also claimed that Adonism was an influence on the German magician Franz Bardon (1909–1958), although this remains debatable as Bardon's magical beliefs differed to "a noticeable degree". Hakl would also compare Sättler with two of his contemporaries in the European occult movement of the early twentieth century, the Englishman Aleister Crowley and the Armenian George Gurdjieff, but noted that he never received the posthumous fame that these two experienced.
Beliefs and practices
Sättler erroneously claimed that Adonism was an ancient religion which had been followed by the Chaldeans, Phoenicians, Persians, Egyptians and Greeks. He also made the claim that it survived in part amongst the Yezidis of the Middle East, and also among the people of Nuristan (a fictional place he considered to be separate to the actual Nuristan in Afghanistan). It was in this latter city that he claimed that there was a large temple, the "Bit Nur" (House of Light), where he claimed the original ancient Adonist scriptures were kept. Other than Sättler’s claims however, there is no evidence that Nuristan or the Bit Nur have ever existed. Sättler claimed that it was in this temple that he first learned about Adonism, and where he was given the name of Dr Mussalam.
Adonism is a polytheistic religion, believing in a number of different gods, of which there are five principal deities. Adonists believe that the first two of these were the primordial god Belus and his consort Biltis, and that they emerged from Chaos. According to Adonistic beliefs, Belus and Biltis had a child, Molchos, who was a malevolent deity and who created a world populated with deformed monsters; because of the horror of it, Belus and Biltis destroyed this world, before going on to give birth to two more children, a benevolent son named Adonis and a daughter called Dido. Adonis then created our world, basing humanity upon the likeness of both himself and his sister, however Molchos then killed Adonis out of jealousy, taking control of the world. Being resurrected by Dido, Adonis then went on to try to protect humanity from Molchos' machinations, for instance telling one human, a man called Noah, to build a wooden ark to save him and the other animal species from the Great Flood.
Molchos, however, was not finished in his attempts to harm humanity. Aside from attacking them with plagues and sickness, he also sent false prophets such as Moses, Zarathustra, Jesus and Muhammad to convert people to his monotheistic worship under such names as Jehovah, Ormuzd and Allah. Within these religions that venerate Molchos, such as Zoroastrianism, Judaism, Christianity and Islam, Adonists believe that Adonis, the creator and benefactor of humanity was demonised as such figures as Satan, Ahriman and Iblis. Through the domination of these monotheistic religions, Adonists believe that Molchos maintained control of the world, but that in 2000 CE, Adonis will face Molchos in a final battle, defeating him and bringing about a Golden Age, which will last until the universe is once more subsumed under Chaos.
The primary way in which Adonis and Dido are celebrated in Adonistic religious practice is by the sensual enjoyment of sexual intercourse, both of the heterosexual and homosexual varieties. Indeed, Sättler summarised his faith by remarking that "Adonism is worship of the Devil [i.e. Adonis] with an erotic background." He was therefore a prominent proponent of sexual reform in early twentieth-century Germany, holding to beliefs that would later be legally accepted in the last decades of that century. Adonism also holds to a great belief in tolerance for other human beings, with Sättler stating that "The most important virtue of the Adonist is tolerance and the area in which he can practice it is boundless", and also holding to a personal maxim: "To understand everything means to pardon everything."
History
Sättler's early life: 1884–1925
Sättler was born on 7 March 1884 as the son of a police constable in Most, a city in northern Bohemia, a Czech region which was then a part of the Austro-Hungarian Empire. There he attended elementary and then grammar school, where he excelled in languages, learning Greek, Hebrew, Arabic, Ancient Greek and Latin by the time that he left. He had also begun writing for a local newspaper. He began attending the Charles University of Prague, where he initially studied philology, but becoming bored of this, switched to Oriental studies. At the university, he became a favourite student of Professor Max Grünert, who gave Sättler the notes for a Persian-German dictionary that had been left unfinished by Dr Jakob Polak. Sättler completed the task, producing the first ever dictionary between the two languages. In 1905 he travelled to Montenegro and Albania, being paid to do so by the Austrian Institute of Military Geography, who employed him to check the accuracy of their maps. The following year, he travelled to Dresden in Germany, where he met his literary idol, Karl May, whose German-language adventure novels had inspired him as a child. In the latter part of 1906 and much of 1907, he again went travelling, this time visiting Albania, Lebanon and Syria (which he used as inspiration for several novels that he would later write), and in 1908 he then travelled to the north of Europe, visiting Finland.
In 1909 he began studying for a doctorate, earning it by writing a dissertation on the Arabian dialect of Hadramaut, while in the same year marrying Anastasia Goldschmidt. Gaining employment at a private school for foreign languages in Prague, he co-wrote two books on how to study the German language with the owner of the school. Using what he described as the "direct learning method", he attempted to teach people the language using the methods developed by Jan Amos Comenius. He then worked as a private tutor both in the house of Count Khevenhüller in Beirut and the consular school in Salonika. It was while he was here that the First World War broke out across Europe, and he began travelling across the Ottoman Empire (which was on the side of the Austro-Hungarian Empire).
The French army subsequently invaded and occupied Saloniki at a time when he was staying there, and being a citizen of the Austro-Hungarian Empire, he and his wife were taken prisoner and deported to an internment camp near Lourdes in France, where he was held until 1919. It was here that he befriended the camp's chief officer, M. Parizot, who was actively involved in the esoteric movement of Theosophy. Following their many discussions on the subject, Parizot transferred his library of occult books to the camp in order that Sättler could read them. These texts included the works of such figures as Helena Blavatsky, Annie Besant, Charles Leadbeater, Camille Flammarion and Maurice Maeterlinck, and these texts "formed the intellectual basis of his later occult career."
In 1919, following the end of the war, Sättler was released from his imprisonment, and travelled to Austria, and then on to Germany, where he was apparently involved in intelligence work on behalf of the newly formed nation-state of Czechoslovakia, using the pseudonym of Dr. Erich Bauer. In 1922 he was captured by the German authorities and sentenced to a four-year imprisonment in Brandenburg an der Havel. Here, he was once more allowed the use of the prison library, writing several books, including Buch der orientalischen Geheimnisse (Book of Oriental Secrets) and Zauberbibel (Magical Bible), the latter of which was divided into seven sections, each of which looked at a different occult practice: cartomancy, astrology, the interpretation of dreams, chiromancy, magic, alchemy and necromancy. Meanwhile, Sättler divorced his wife, probably due to his affairs with other women.
Sättler and the Adonistic Society: 1926–1931
Being released from the German prison, Sättler returned to Austria in 1926, settling down in the city of Vienna. It was here that he first began propagating Adonism through the foundation of his Adonistic Society (known as the Adonistische Gesellschaft in his native German language), and "According to its published constitution and bylaws, this group was founded on 1 May 1925 - in other words, one year before Sättler actually came back to Vienna." "By 1927 Sättler had developed the whole doctrine of Adonism and written all the major treatises on it", declaring in the Society's constitution that the main group was also accompanied by the Adonistic Publishing House, the Master Lodge Hekate in Vienna, and various study lodges scattered across the German-speaking part of Europe. Whether these genuinely existed or not is unknown, although it is quite possible that they didn't, as his Adonistic Society was relatively small, not even being a registered organisation and the Austrian authorities in fact suspected him of being guilty of criminal fraud. He also claimed that the Adonistic Society was a sister organisation to an international group known as Nizâm-el Khâf, which he claimed had branches in Bombay, Constantinople, Tehran and other major Asian cities; according to scholar Hans Thomas Hakl, this organisation was "almost certainly fictitious".
In order to entice interested individuals to join, Sättler described his Adonistic Society as a "large spiritual community" where "magical energies are continuously circulating, the inexhaustible source of which is the Master Lodge Hekate", so named after the ancient Greek goddess of witchcraft. Membership applications and payment were to be sent directly to Sättler, and new members had to wait two years before they were permitted to learn the "deeper secrets" of Adonism, before they would be allowed to subscribe to a twelve-lesson course ending in an exam, successful completion of which would allow them to attain the third degree of a Châkim Kabâlit, or a master of magic.
Sättler likely began an affair with his assistant in the Hekate Lodge, Justine Schnattinger, who herself worked under the pseudonym of "Madame Ariela" as a clairvoyant, spirit medium and astrological councillor. Sättler was also a friend of the occultist Friedrich Wilhelm Quintscher, who had joined the Society, but in 1929 their friendship broke up, possibly due to jealousy over Schnattinger. Quintscher remained devoted to the Adonist religion, continuing to propagate "its doctrine, cosmology, and principles even after he had broken with Sättler" and founding an Adonistic group called the Ateschga-Taganosyn. One of the members of this group was Brother Silias, also known as Josef Anton Schuster (1896–1968), who wrote a magical diary that became famous among the German occult movement.
The decline and death of Sättler: 1932–1942
Although he had published a wide variety of books, both occult-based and otherwise (including a joke book), and had become entirely financially reliant on his publisher, Bartels of Berlin, he was finding it very hard to make a living. In 1929 he began selling magical cures and other items which included talismans, love potions and even powder that allegedly belonged to the Dalai Lama to supplement this income, as well as founding a stock company called Olbia-Gold, through which he defrauded stock holders by telling them that he had discovered a gold treasure at the foot of Mount Olympus in Greece. With all these money-making activities that he was involved with, he became embroiled in a financial scandal in 1932, after which various journals began accusing him of being a fraud and a criminal. Facing criminal charges for defrauding customers of the Olbia-Gold company, he fled to Greece, where he was arrested in a case of mistaken identity by police who suspected him of being "a much more important Czech swindler."
Investigating his papers in Vienna, police came upon a list of the eighty German members of the Adonistic Society, causing yet another scandal in the press, who felt it shocking that so many members of "high society" were involved with such a secretive occult group that they accused of committing sexual orgies. With Sättler out of reach, police instead began investigating Quintscher and his alternate Adonist group, but he denied a continuing connection to his former friend. Meanwhile, Sättler continued with the Society, this time based in Greece, finding a new publisher, Biosophischer Verlag, who began printing his new monthly magazine, entitled Lucifer. Finding it hard to get new members (who would bring with them the membership fees and donations that he needed to survive), Sättler dissolved the Hekate Lodge and renamed the Society the Alliance of Orion (Orion Bund in German). Nonetheless, the group was having significant problems within Germany itself as it faced opposition from the Nazi Party who had recently taken control of the government, with some figures in the regime declaring the group to be a part of a Jewish-Masonic conspiracy.
In 1935, Sättler had apparently left Greece and moved to Petržalka in Slovakia, from where he offered courses in nature healing and magic. Meanwhile, in Germany, the Nazi government banned all quasi-Masonic organisations in July 1937, and while initially the Alliance of Orion was unusually exempt, they too were illegalised in June 1939. In the early 1940s, the Nazis ordered the invasion of much of the rest of Europe, leading to the Second World War, and it was in this period that all historical trace of Sättler vanishes. It is unknown how he died, although it has been claimed that it was either in a Vienna prison or in Mauthausen concentration camp, although neither of these remain proven.
Adonism after Sättler: 1943–present
The first attempt to recreate the Adonist Society occurred in the 1950s by "an otherwise unknown" individual known as Walter Koblizek. He lived in Rosenheim near Munich in West Germany, and published a brochure announcing the re-creation of the group, but nothing more appeared of it, and Koblizek died in 1967.
Professor Adolf Hemberger (1929–1991), the holder of the Chair for Scientific Theory and Methodology of Research at the University of Gießen, collected Sättler's rare works, making copies of them through mimeographing or photocopying them and distributing them among his friends and members of his magical study groups, C 72. In the 1970s, Hemberger had plans of reviving the Adonist Society, but these never came to fruition.
Another German academic, Professor Helmut Möller of the University of Göttingen, published a German language essay on Sättler in a 1990 festschrift in honour of Ellic Howe, an academic who had specialised in the study of ceremonial magical groups like the Hermetic Order of the Golden Dawn and the Ordo Templi Orientis. His work was expanded upon by Hans Thomas Hakl, an Austrian independent scholar, who also made an examination of Sättler in the German language, which he followed by publishing an edited version in the English language, appearing in The Pomegranate: The International Journal of Pagan Studies (2010).
See also
Semitic neopaganism
Demiurge
References
Footnotes
Bibliography
Further reading
Primary literature
Franz Sättler:
Adonismus oder die uralte Geheimlehre, wie sie uns von d. Chaldaern, Phöniziern, Persern, Ägyptern u. Griechen überliefert, noch heutigentags im Orient bei d. Nasairiern oder "Lichtauslöschern", d. Jezîdi-Kurden od. "Teufelsanbetern" u. a. erhalten ist u. durch e. eigenen Orden, den "Nizâm el-Khâf" neuerdings wieder verbreitet wird. Ohne Ortsangabe, 1926
Macht und Erfolg. Berlin: Adonistischer Verlag, 1927
Jugend und Schönheit. Berlin: Adonistischer Verlag, 1927
Hes oder: Die Flamme des Lebens. Berlin-Weissensee, 1927
Der Adept. Die zwölf Stufen des magischen Einweihungsweges. Archiv für Altes Gedankengut und Wissen, Sinzheim 2004, . Mit einer Einleitung von Hans Thomas Hakl und Bibliographie.
Secondary literature
Marco Frenschkowski: Die Adonistische Gesellschaft. In: Die Geheimbünde. Marix Verlag, Wiesbaden 2007, . S. 172–176
Hans-Jürgen Glowka: Deutsche Okkultgruppen 1875–1937. Hiram-Edition, München 1981, , S. 81–91
Adolf Hemberger: Der Adonismus als Baalskult. In: Organisationsformen, Rituale, Lehren und magische Thematik der freimaurerischen- und freimaurerartigen Bünde im Deutschen Sprachraum Mitteleuropas. Bd. 2: Pansophie und Rosenkreuz. Gießen 1974.
Horst E. Miers: Lexikon des Geheimwissens. Freiburg 1979. S. 86.
Helmut Möller: Licht aus dem Osten. Franz Sättlers wundersame Reise nach Nuristân. In: Albrecht Götz von Olenhusen (Hrsg.): Wege und Abwege. Beiträge zur europäischen Geistesgeschichte der Neuzeit. Festschrift für Ellic Howe zum 20. September 1990. Freiburg 1993, . S. 199–230
Esotericism
Modern Pagan traditions
Polytheism
Modern Paganism in Germany
Religious organizations established in 1925
Modern Pagan organizations established in the 1920s |
6905786 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lawrence%20Denny%20Lindsley | Lawrence Denny Lindsley | Lawrence Denny Lindsley (March 18, 1878 – January 3, 1975) was an American scenic photographer and also worked as a miner, hunter, and guide. Lindsley was a grandson of Seattle pioneer David Thomas Denny (1832–1903), a member of the Denny Party.
Personal life
He was born Lawrence Denny Lindsley in a cabin at the south end of Lake Union in Seattle, Washington. His father, Edward L. Lindsley (1853–1933) came to Seattle via Panama in 1873. His mother, Abbie Lena Denny (August 29, 1858 – October 6, 1915) was born in her family’s log cabin home in Seattle. His parents married on May 4, 1876. Lindsley had five siblings: Mabel Madge Lindsley (September 24, 1879 – December 26, 1919), Sarah Winola Lindsley (July 16, 1881 – ?), Annie Irene Lindsley (December 1, 1882 – ?), Norman David Lindsley (January 2, 1884 – ?), and Harold Denny Lindsley (1887–1887). His parents built a home at 25 Mile Creek on Lake Chelan in Washington.
Lindsley married his first wife, Pearl A. Miller, on September 20, 1918. They had one child, Abbie Lindsley, who was born and died in June 1920. Pearl also died in June 1920.
Lindsley married his second wife, Sarah Sonju, a color artist, on December 14, 1944. They worked out of a studio in their home until Sonju died in 1960. Lindsley continued to photograph into his 90s. He died in 1975 and is interred at Evergreen Washelli Memorial Park.
Working life
In the spring of 1889, at the age of 11, Lindsley helped with the construction of his father's log cabin, known as the Denny Cabin. This cabin was built at the foot of Queen Anne Hill at the intersection of Temperance (renamed to Queen Anne Avenue North) and Republican Streets, and later relocated to the city of Federal Way. On June 6, 1889, just five weeks after this cabin was completed, he stood with one of his sisters on a hill overlooking Seattle and watched the city burn in the Great Fire.
In 1895, Lindsley went to work at the Esther Mines, near Gold Creek, Kittitas County and later worked on the first road along Lake Keechelus.
In 1903, he went to work as a photo processor and photographer for the W. P. Romans Photographic Company in Seattle. Lindsley owned part interest in the studio when it was bought by Asahel Curtis in 1910. This association led him to work for Edward S. Curtis, where Lindsley developed some of the color negatives (orotones), known as the "gold tones", for Curtis’ famous "Indians of North America" series.
As an early-day explorer of the North Cascades, Lindsley became a charter member of the Mountaineers club in 1907. He was honored in the June 1974 issue of the club’s newsletter, The Mountaineer, in the article "The Club Salutes Lawrence Denny Lindsley".
In about 1907, Lindsley moved to Lake Chelan and lived at his parents' ranch. During this time, he was employed by the Great Northern Railway to photograph Glacier National Park for the railroad’s tourist literature. In September 1916, Lindsley was hired by the Great Northern Railway as a guide for the party of author Mary Roberts Rinehart through the North Cascades. Lindsley figured prominently as "Silent Lawrie," a character in her account of the expedition, in a Cosmopolitan magazine article entitled, "A Pack Train in the Cascades," and later in her 1918 novel, Tenting To-Night.
When Lindsley returned to Seattle in 1916 he resumed working at the Asahel Curtis Studio. As he worked at the Curtis Studio, he continued his own landscape and nature photography throughout the 1920s, perfecting his technique of lantern slide photography.
Notes and references
Bibliography
Lindsley, Lawrence Denny Papers 1870-1973, University of Washington Libraries.
External links
University of Washington Libraries Digital Collections – Lawrence Denny Lindsley Photographs Over 400 images representing the landscape and nature photography of Lawrence Denny Lindsley, including photographs of scenes around Mount Rainier and the Cascade Mountains, the Pacific Ocean beaches on the Olympic Peninsula, Eastern Washington and the Grand Coulee region.
Artists from Seattle
People from Federal Way, Washington
1879 births
1974 deaths |
6905804 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pancreatic%20plexus | Pancreatic plexus | In human neuroanatomy, the pancreatic plexus is a division of the celiac plexus (coeliac plexus) in the abdomen.
External links
Nerve plexus
Nerves of the torso |
23577509 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pinch%20River | Pinch River | The Pinch River, a perennial river of the Snowy River catchment, is located in the Snowy Mountains region of New South Wales, Australia.
Course and features
The Pinch River rises west of Paradise Hill in remote alpine country within The Snowy Mountains Range, part of the Great Dividing Range, contained within the Kosciuszko National Park. The river flows generally south southeast, then west, then west southwest, and then southeast, before reaching its confluence with the Snowy River below the Charcoal Range. The river descends over its course.
See also
List of rivers of New South Wales (L-Z)
List of rivers of Australia
Rivers of New South Wales
References
Rivers of New South Wales
Snowy Mountains |
6905838 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ja%27Warren%20Hooker | Ja'Warren Hooker | Ja'Warren Hooker (born September 24, 1978) is a track and field sprinter and former University of Washington football player. His high school career was shortened due to taking a hard hit against Sunnyside football player Anthony Smith.
Hooker is one of seven children and has not seen his biological father since he was little. Hooker's step father is a chemist for the Washington State Agriculture Department. He played halfback for Ellensburg High School He ended with 57 touchdowns and 5,100 yards. Hooker went from there to play football at the University of Washington. Hooker also played basketball for his high school, where he shot 40% from 3 point range.
When Hooker decided to go to the University of Washington, he was escorted around by the girls soccer star Marisa Lyons. He developed a relationship with her, and on July 7, a night where he had just been discussing the future with her, she died in his arms of cardiac arrhythmia. When attending her funeral Ja'Warren held her teddy bear and said "I've never been defeated in a race, but Marisa beat me to heaven, I wish it had been a tie."
Career highlights
Hooker made the 2000 Olympic relay team as a back-up member, but he did not get to compete. Before this Hooker was the 1997 USA Junior Champion in the 100 meters.
High school career
In 1995 Hooker won the 100 meters race in 10.71 s as a Sophomore in high school to win his first appearance at the Pasco Invitational. The Pasco Invitational features top high school athletes and teams from primarily Washington state with teams also competing from Oregon and other states. This track meet features more competition than the WIAA State Track and Field Championships. This is because, at State, the best from each classification compete only against others in their classification. In the Pasco Invitational, all athletes compete against each other regardless of their school's classification/size; the competition is also deeper due to the additional out-of-state athletes who come to the Invite.
The following year Hooker returned to the Pasco Invitational to win the sprint double in the 100 m (10.68 s) and 200 m (21.82 s). His final chance to compete at the Pasco Invitational was not wasted as he performed another sprint double in record fashion. Hooker won the 100 meters in 10.44 s to set a meet record and the 200 meters in 21.40 s also for a meet record. Hooker competed in 5 events over those 3 years running at the Pasco Invitational and won all 5 times. Hooker has the Washington State Record for the 100 meters set at 10.27 s.
References
External links
Seattle Times: 2000 Summer Olympics - Ja'Warren Hooker
Northwest Runner, April 2001 - Speak Softly and Run Like the Wind - Washington's Fastest Human, Ja'Warren Hooker, Takes On the Wind
Columns, University of Washington Alumni Magazine, December 2005: Ja’Warren Hooker, ’01
Washington Huskies: Player Profile: Ja’Warren Hooker
USA Track & Field: Ja'Warren Hooker
1978 births
Living people
American male sprinters
Athletes (track and field) at the 2003 Pan American Games
University of Washington alumni
Pan American Games silver medalists for the United States
Pan American Games medalists in athletics (track and field)
People from Ellensburg, Washington
Medalists at the 2003 Pan American Games |
44503817 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steven%20Pruzansky | Steven Pruzansky | Rabbi Steven Pruzansky (born in the Bronx, N.Y. April 28, 1958) is an American Orthodox rabbi, an author and leader in the Orthodox Jewish community.
Pruzansky is best known for quarter century of spiritual leadership at Congregation Bnai Yeshurun in Teaneck, New Jersey. He has also authored several books on religious topics, been an executive at the Rabbinical Council of America, and a spokesman for the International Rabbinic Coalition for Israel.
Some of his opinions have generated controversy and criticism, including comments about college campus rape culture.
Early life and education
Pruzansky grew up in Monsey, N.Y. He received his B.A. Degree from Columbia University in 1978 and in 1981 he received his Juris Doctor degree from Benjamin N. Cardozo School of Law of Yeshiva University.
Career
Following graduation from law school, Pruzansky worked as an attorney and litigator for 13 years. He then began his career as a religious leader after being ordained at Yeshiva Bnei Torah of Far Rockaway, New York. In 1993 he became rabbi of Congregation Bnai Yeshurun, one of the largest Orthodox congregations in the United States with several thousand members. He retired in 2020 and was succeeded by Rabbi Elliot Schrier in 2021.
For seven years, Pruzansky led the RCA's conversion court or beit din for Bergen County, where his congregation is located. However, after Rabbi Barry Freundel of the RCA was arrested on charges of voyeurism for spying on women at a mikva and was accused of abusing potential converts, the RCA appointed a committee that will include women to review the conversion process and safeguards. Pruzansky resigned from the Bergen County beit din in protest. He said he blamed the action on the left wing of the Orthodox movement for creating "quasi-rabbinical functions for women."
Publications
Pruzansky is author of several books, including "The Jewish Ethic of Personal Responsibility Volume 1: Breisheet and Shemot," "Prophet for Today: Contemporary Lessons of the Book of Yehoshua," and "Judges for Our Time: Contemporary Lessons from the Book of Shoftim." He also maintains a blog.
Controversies
Abraham Foxman, the national director of the Anti-Defamation League, who had been a longtime member of Pruzansky's congregation, left in protest against political statements Pruzansky had made about Israeli Prime Minister Rabin, including calling him the "Rabin Judenrat." Foxman complained that the rabbi ""spews hate and vitriol toward the elected leaders of Israel."
Following the election of U.S. President Barack Obama, members of Pruzansky's community organized a petition to protest a blog post he wrote insulting the president. He wrote that the president won by "pandering to liberal women, Hispanics, blacks, unions, etc."
In November 2014 Pruzansky likened The New York Jewish Week to Der Stürmer, a Nazi publication, following a story it published about him.
Pruzansky also posted a blog that month entitled "Dealing with Savages," which many considered to be racist and anti-Arab. In it, he proposed using live ammunition on Arab stone-throwers and suggests that any village that is home to more than two terrorists should be razed and its inhabitants deported. Abe Foxman denounced the blog as "outright racism and bigotry," and lamented the congregation's support of Pruzansky. On November 25, 2014, the Orthodox Union issued a public statement distancing itself from Pruzansky's remarks, noting that it could not support a response to terror that includes wholesale demonization of Arabs, collective punishment of Arabs or destruction or dismantling of Muslim holy sites. The OU called on the community to reject the attitude promoted in Pruzansky's essay: "Such rhetoric is wrong and must be repudiated, whether it is voiced by lay leaders, community leaders or rabbis.” Pruzansky's synagogue announced in a letter to the congregation that Pruzansky agreed to have his future blogs reviewed by editors and that the board would periodically review the process. The board has also acted to ensure security for the synagogue is tightened. Pruzansky wrote his own letter to the congregation expressing regret for having written in a way that "many have deemed harsh."
On March 31, 2016, Pruzansky published a blog post titled "A Novel Idea," wherein he dismissed the idea of rape culture on college campuses, blamed a promiscuous culture for many rapes reported in college, and proposed marriage as a solution to the overall issue. The post prompted many angry responses, in which Pruzansky was accused of blaming victims of rape, of not taking rape seriously, and of not acknowledging or understanding that marital rape exists. After Pruzansky followed the March 31 blog post with another, on April 13, 2016, entitled "Culture Wars – Update," in which he defended his position and reiterated his arguments and position, the Jewish Orthodox Feminist Alliance responded, demanding that the rabbi be removed from the speaking roster of a one-day conference scheduled to be held at Bnai Yeshurun. The organization's demands were met, and Pruzansky was dropped from the conference. In April 2016, the Rabbinical Council of America decried Pruzansky position, noting that "while Rabbi Pruzansky raises some important points regarding sexual behavior on college campuses, the RCA rejects the tone and much of the substance of his recent comments regarding rape."
On Nov 9, 2020, Pruzansky published a blog post titled, "The Way Forward," in which he spread unsubstantiated rumors and multiple debunked lies about election fraud without citing a single source for his claims. The debunked claims included, (a) that election officials filled in blank ballots; (b) that poll watchers were denied access to watching polls, despite court orders; (c) that voters were told to use a writing implement that would disqualify their ballots; (d) that election officials illegally covered the windows of their facilities so they could not be observed; (e) that statistically-impossible numbers of Biden “voters by mail” – in some cases, 100% of vote batches went for Biden; and (f) that computer “glitches” switched thousands of Trump votes to Biden votes.
Personal
Pruzansky is married to the former Karen Hausdorff, who is a speech language pathologist, and has four children, three of whom live in Israel. He made aliyah, or moved to Israel, in 2020 and is now Rabbi Emeritus of Bnai Yeshurun.
References
1958 births
Living people
American Orthodox rabbis
American Jewish theologians
Jewish American writers
Columbia University alumni
20th-century American rabbis
21st-century American rabbis |
44503825 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James%20Ford%20%28American%20football%29 | James Ford (American football) | James Leon Ford (born September 11, 1949) is a former American football running back in the National Football League for the New Orleans Saints. He also was a member of the New York Stars and Charlotte Hornets in the World Football League. He played college football at Texas Southern University.
Early years
Ford attended Stanton College Preparatory School in Jacksonville, Florida, where he practiced football, basketball, track and swimming.
He accepted a football scholarship from Texas Southern University, where he developed until late in his college career. As a senior in 1970, he registered 62 carries for 295 yards and 2 touchdowns.
Professional career
Ford was selected by the Dallas Cowboys in the thirteenth round (337th overall) of the 1971 NFL Draft. He was waived on September 13.
On September 14, 1971, he was claimed off waivers by the New Orleans Saints. He was named the starter at running back in the third game. He ranked third on the team in rushing with 379 yards, while playing in 9 games (7 starts) during the season, even though he suffered a season-ending knee injury in the ninth game.
In 1972, he rejoined the team in the ninth game of season because of the recovery of a follow-up knee surgery. He played in 5 games (1 start), mainly on special teams and had 28 rushing yards in the season finale against the Green Bay Packers.
On August 1, 1973, he was traded to the Houston Oilers in exchange for a sixth (#131-Jay Washington) and a tenth round draft choice (#235-Frosty Anderson). He was released on September 11.
Ford was also a member of the New York Stars/Charlotte Hornets of the World Football League from 1974 to 1975.
References
External links
Just Sports Stats
Living people
1949 births
Stanton College Preparatory School alumni
Players of American football from Jacksonville, Florida
American football running backs
Texas Southern Tigers football players
New Orleans Saints players
New York Stars players
Charlotte Hornets (WFL) players |
23577510 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giorgi%20Abashvili | Giorgi Abashvili | Georgy Abashvili (; , Georgiy Semyonovich Abashvili) (8 January 1910 – 26 September 1982) was a Soviet naval commander and vice-admiral (1955).
An ethnic Georgian, Abashvili was born in Tbilisi, Georgia, then part of the Russian Empire. He graduated from the Leningrad Naval College in 1931 and joined the Soviet Baltic Fleet with which he served through the Finnish campaign and World War II. In 1944, he was deputy chief of staff of the Baltic Fleet and also commanded a division of destroyers which played a vital role in relieving the blockade of Leningrad. In 1953 he was senior officer with the Soviet vessels visiting Poland and in 1954 with those called in Finland. During the Cuban Missile Crisis in 1962, Abashvili was deputy commander-in-chief to Issa Pliyev and naval commander in the proposed Group of Soviet forces in Cuba (Operation Anadyr). According to one account, he was against the immediate use of force during the crisis days. He is said to have delayed the Soviet missile launch order during the height of tensions and became one of the people who contributed in preventing a nuclear war. He retired the same year and died of stroke in Leningrad in 1982.
References
1910 births
1982 deaths
Military personnel from Tbilisi
People from Tiflis Governorate
Soviet admirals
Soviet Georgian admirals
Soviet military personnel of the Winter War
Soviet military personnel of World War II
People of World War II from Georgia (country)
Recipients of the Order of Lenin
Recipients of the Order of Nakhimov, 2nd class
Recipients of the Order of the Red Banner
Recipients of the Order of the Red Banner of Labour
Recipients of the Order of the Red Star
Stroke-related deaths in the Soviet Union
Burials at Serafimovskoe Cemetery |
23577516 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2000%E2%80%9301%20Libyan%20Premier%20League | 2000–01 Libyan Premier League | Following are the statistics of the Libyan Premier League for the 2000–01 season. The Libyan Premier League () is the highest division of Libyan football championship, organised by Libyan Football Federation. It was founded in 1963 and features mostly professional players.
Overview
It was contested by 14 teams, and Al Madina Tripoli won the championship.
Final
Al Madina Tripoli 1-1 Al Tahaddy Benghazi
Al Madina Tripoli won on PK
References
Libya - List of final tables (RSSSF)
Libyan Premier League seasons
1
Libyan Premier League |
6905869 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ronald%20Orr | Ronald Orr | Ronald Guinness Orr Gunion, known as Ronald Orr (6 August 1876 – 21 March 1924) was a Scottish footballer, who played for Newcastle United and Liverpool amongst others in the early 20th century. He played twice for Scotland in 1902 and 1904, scoring one goal.
Club career
Born in Bartonholm (by Kilwinning), Ayrshire, Orr was an inside forward who played for Kilwinning Eglinton, Glossop North End and St Mirren before Newcastle United signed him in May 1901. He spent seven seasons on Tyneside helping the Magpies to the League title in both 1904–05 and 1906–07. He also appeared for the club in the 1906 FA Cup Final, where they succumbed to a 1–0 defeat by Everton.
Orr joined Liverpool in April 1908, when manager Tom Watson paid £350 for his transfer. He made his debut in a Football League Division One match at Villa Park against Aston Villa on 4 April 1908, bagging his first goal in the same match. Unfortunately for Orr and Liverpool, it was a consolation goal in a 5–1 defeat. This wasn't to be his only strike of the season, however, as he managed a more than respectable four goals in the final five matches of that season.
Orr kept up his goalscoring exploits the following season, finishing up as the Reds' top scorer with 20 goals from his 33 starts an average of a goal every 1.65 games. The next season proved to be a tougher challenge where goals were concerned, and Orr only scored 5 times in his 31 appearances. By the 1910-11 season, he was struggling to hold down a regular starting role at Anfield, and he eventually lost his place completely at the beginning of the 1911-12 campaign. Orr left for Raith Rovers in January 1912, after making a total of 112 appearances for Liverpool, during which he scored 39 times. He also played for South Shields, before he retired. During the First World War, he turned out for Fulham as a wartime guest in several friendly matches.
International career
Having scored in a Home Scots v Anglo-Scots international trial match, Orr was selected to make his Scotland debut on 3 May 1902 in a British Home Championship match against England, and he scored to put his side two goals up in an eventual 2–2 draw; like his debut goal for Liverpool, it was at Villa Park (this match was replayed from the original fixture at Ibrox Park, where a stand collapsed, killing 25 spectators and injuring hundreds). His second and last cap was also against England two years later, this time a 1–0 defeat.
Honours
Newcastle United
Football League First Division: 1904–05, 1906–07
FA Cup: runner-up 1906
References
External links
Player profile at LFChistory.net
1876 births
1924 deaths
St Mirren F.C. players
Newcastle United F.C. players
Glossop North End A.F.C. players
Liverpool F.C. players
Raith Rovers F.C. players
South Shields F.C. (1889) players
Scottish footballers
Scotland international footballers
Association football inside forwards
Scottish Junior Football Association players
Scottish Football League players
English Football League players
Fulham F.C. wartime guest players
Footballers from North Ayrshire
FA Cup Final players
People from Kilwinning |
6905885 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phrenic%20plexus | Phrenic plexus | The phrenic plexus accompanies the inferior phrenic artery to the diaphragm, some filaments passing to the suprarenal gland.
It arises from the upper part of the celiac ganglion, and is larger on the right than on the left side.
It receives one or two branches from the phrenic nerve.
At the point of junction of the right phrenic plexus with the phrenic nerve is a small ganglion (ganglion phrenicum).
This plexus distributes branches to the inferior vena cava, and to the suprarenal and hepatic plexuses.
References
External links
Nerve plexus |
23577523 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Huzhou%20metro%20station | Huzhou metro station | The Taipei Metro Huzhou station is located in the Neihu District in Taipei, Taiwan. It is a station on Wenhu line.
Station overview
This three-level, elevated station features two side platforms, two exits, and platform elevators located on the east and west sides of the concourse level.
The station is located at the intersection of Chenggong Road, Sec. 5 and Kangning Road, Sec. 3. It is 83 meters long and 21.5 meters wide, while the platform is 93.5 meters long.
The area around the station has many high-rise residential buildings and television stations. Because of its proximity to residential buildings along the Brown Line, it is the only station to have 3.6 meter double-curved walls to reduce noise levels. The station is also designed to fit in with the casual environment of local businesses.
Design
The theme for this station is "Dancing", with decorative art walls in the station.
History
22 February 2009: Huzhou station construction is completed.
4 July 2009: Begins service with the opening of Brown Line.
Station layout
Nearby places
Kang-Ning Jr. College of Medical Care and Management
Kanghu Park
PTS Foundation Building
Hakka TV
Taiwan Indigenous Television
Minghu Junior High School
Minhu Elementary School
Lihu Elementary School
Kang-Ning General Hospital
Financial Information Service Co., Ltd.
City Lake Hotel
References
Wenhu line stations
Railway stations opened in 2009 |
6905897 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Legislative%20districts%20of%20Valenzuela | Legislative districts of Valenzuela | The legislative districts of Valenzuela are the representations of the highly urbanized city of Valenzuela in the various national legislatures of the Philippines. The city is currently represented in the lower house of the Congress of the Philippines through its first and second districts.
History
It was represented as part of the second district of Bulacan from 1907 to 1972, and of Region IV from 1978 to 1984. Valenzuela was grouped together with Navotas and Malabon as the Legislative district of Malabon–Navotas–Valenzuela for representation in the Regular Batasang Pambansa from 1984 to 1986. It was granted its own representation in the restored House of Representatives in 1987, and was divided into two districts after its city charter (Republic Act No. 8526) was approved on February 14, 1998, and ratified on December 30, 1998.
1st District
Barangays: Arkong Bato, Balangkas, Bignay, Bisig, Canumay East, Canumay West, Coloong, Dalandanan, Isla, Lawang Bato, Lingunan, Mabolo, Malanday, Malinta, Palasan, Pariancillo Villa, Pasolo, Poblacion, Pulo, Punturin, Rincon, Tagalag, Veinte Reales, Wawang Pulo
Area: 25.82 km²
Population (2015): 300,525
2nd District
Barangays: Bagbaguin, Karuhatan, General T. De Leon, Mapulang Lupa, Marulas, Maysan, Parada, Paso de Blas, Ugong
Area: 18.69 km²
Population (2015): 319,897
Lone District (defunct)
See also
Legislative districts of Bulacan
Legislative district of Malabon–Navotas–Valenzuela
References
Valenzuela
Valenzuela
Politics of Valenzuela, Metro Manila |
23577535 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/School%20of%20our%20Fathers | School of our Fathers | "School of our Fathers" is the school song of Royal College Colombo. It is sung at the start of every school day except for Monday, when the National Anthem is sung, and on other important occasions. The words of the song were written by Major H. L. Reed, a principal of the school in the third term of 1927. The music was later revised by S. Schmid.
It was first performed on 13 July 1928, the same year Royal College Colombo won the Meaden Shield in the schools singing competition for the eighth year in succession. "School of our Fathers" was presented at the competition.
A Sinhala version of the college song was composed in 1968 on the request of the principal, W. A. Wickramasena and S. J. F. Dissanayake, who were masters of the school and had been part of the combination which composed the first song.
See also
Royal College Colombo
References
External links
The College Song Royal College Colombo
Institutional songs
1927 songs
Royal College, Colombo |
6905909 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John%20Thurtell | John Thurtell | John Thurtell (21 December 1794 – 9 January 1824) was an English sports promoter, amateur boxer, Royal Marine officer and convicted murderer.
Early life
Thurtell was the eldest son of Thomas Thurtell, who later served as Mayor of Norwich in 1824 and from 1828 to 1829. His father wanted him to work in the family business, but John left to join the Royal Marines, serving in the Napoleonic Wars on the HMS Bellona from 1812 to 1814. He then set up a business in Norwich manufacturing bombazine, but this failed, and Thurtell moved to London, setting up a tavern in Long Acre in 1822.
Boxing
Thurtell achieved fame as a boxing promoter. He organised the fight between Ned Painter and Tom Oliver in 1814.
George Borrow describes how when he was 14 (in c.1817) he saw Thurtell:
The terrible Thurtell was present, lord of the concourse; for wherever he moved he was master, and whenever he spoke, even when in chains, every other voice was silent. He stood on the mead, grim and pale as usual, with his bruisers around.
In 1822, William Hazlitt wrote an essay for The New Monthly Magazine called "The Fight"; in it he described Thurtell under the name "Tom Turtle".
Murder of William Weare
Thurtell became a notorious gambler. He owed William Weare, a solicitor of Lyon's Inn, a gambling debt of £300, which he believed Weare had gained by cheating at Blind Hookey. When Weare demanded the money, Thurtell decided to murder him rather than pay up. Thurtell invited Weare to join him and his friends – Joseph Hunt and William Probert – for a weekend of gambling in Radlett, Hertfordshire. On 24 October 1823, as they journeyed from London in Thurtell's horse-drawn gig, Thurtell shot Weare in the face with a flintlock muff pistol. This failed to kill him, so Thurtell slit his throat with a knife before driving the pistol into his head with such force that his brains were dashed over the ground. The trial attracted great publicity. Thurtell was found guilty and hanged on 9 January 1824.
Legacy
A waxwork of Thurtell's body was displayed in Madame Tussauds for 150 years. Thomas De Quincey's satirical 1827 essay "On Murder Considered as one of the Fine Arts" also discusses Thurtell.
References
1794 births
1823 deaths
English gamblers
British boxing promoters
English male boxers
English people convicted of murder
Executed English people
19th-century executions by England and Wales
People executed for murder
People executed by the United Kingdom by hanging
Royal Navy personnel of the Napoleonic Wars
Royal Marines officers |
6905987 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haematophilia | Haematophilia | Haematophilia or hematophilia may refer to:
Haemophilia, a mostly inherited genetic disorder that impairs the body's ability to make blood clots, a process needed to stop bleeding
Vampire lifestyle, an alternative lifestyle and subculture based around the mythology of and popular culture based on vampires |
17338359 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jay%20Acovone | Jay Acovone | Jay Acovone (born August 20, 1955) is an American actor.
Personal life
Acovone was born in New York City. His family later moved to Mahopac, New York where his parents owned a dry-cleaning business.
Career
Acovone has over 100 credits to his name spanning four decades of work in film and television. His television appearances include Search for Tomorrow as Brian Emerson; Beauty and the Beast where he played D.A. Joe Maxwell over the show's three season run; and Hollywood Beat. In a connection to his Beauty and the Beast co-star Linda Hamilton, he can be seen playing the officer pulling over the TX Terminator in Terminator 3.
In 2016, he acted in the motion capture video game Mafia III (2K Games), playing the role of an Italian Mafia boss, Sal Marcano.
Filmography
Movies
Television
Video Games
References
External links
"Jay Acovone" - profile on Industry Central
1955 births
American people of Italian descent
American male film actors
American male television actors
Male actors from New York (state)
People from Mahopac, New York
Living people
20th-century American male actors |
44503836 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Denuvo | Denuvo | Denuvo Anti-Tamper is an anti-tamper technology and digital rights management (DRM) scheme developed by Austrian software company Denuvo Software Solutions GmbH, a subsidiary of Irdeto. The company also developed an anti-cheat counterpart.
History
Denuvo is developed by Denuvo Software Solutions GmbH, a software company based in Salzburg, Austria. The company was formed through a management buyout of DigitalWorks, the arm of the Sony Digital Audio Disc Corporation that developed the SecuROM DRM technology. It originally employed 45 people. In January 2018, the company was acquired by larger software company Irdeto. Development of the Denuvo software started in 2014. FIFA 15, released in September 2014, was the first game to use Denuvo.
3DM, a Chinese warez group, first claimed to have breached Denuvo's technology in a blog post published on 1 December 2014, wherein they announced that they would release cracked versions of Denuvo-protected games FIFA 15, Dragon Age: Inquisition and Lords of the Fallen. Following onto this, 3DM released the version of Dragon Age: Inquisition about two weeks after that game had shipped. The overall cracking progress took about a month, an unusually long time in the game cracking scene. When asked about this development, Denuvo Software Solutions acknowledged that "every protected game eventually gets cracked". However, technology website Ars Technica noted that most sales for major games happen within 30 days of release, and so publishers may consider Denuvo a success if it meant a game took significantly longer to be cracked. In January 2016, 3DM's founder, Bird Sister, revealed that they were to give up on trying to break the Denuvo implementation for Just Cause 3, and warned that, due to the ongoing trend for the implementation, there would be "no free games to play in the world" in the near future. Subsequently, 3DM opted to not crack any games for one year to examine whether such a move would have any influence on game sales.
By October 2017, crackers were able to bypass Denuvo's protection within hours of a game's release, with notable examples being South Park: The Fractured but Whole, Middle-earth: Shadow of War, Total War: Warhammer 2 and FIFA 18, all being cracked on their release dates. In another notable case, Assassin's Creed Origins, which wrapped Denuvo within security tool VMProtect as well as Ubisoft's proprietary DRM used for their Uplay distribution software, had its security features bypassed by Italian collective CPY in February 2018, three months after the game's release. In December 2018, Hitman 2 protection was bypassed three days before its official release date due to exclusive pre-order access, drawing comparisons to Final Fantasy XV, which had its protection removed four days before release.
By 2019, several products like Devil May Cry 5, Metro Exodus, Resident Evil 2, Far Cry New Dawn, Football Manager 2019 and Soul Calibur 6, were cracked within their first week of release, with Ace Combat 7 taking thirteen days. In the case of Rage 2, which was released on Steam as well as Bethesda Softworks' own Bethesda Launcher, the Steam version was protected by Denuvo, whereas the Bethesda Launcher version was not, leading to the game being cracked immediately, and Denuvo being removed from the Steam release two days later.
A sister product, Denuvo Anti-Cheat, was announced in March 2019, and first used with Doom Eternal following a patch on 14 May 2020. However, less than a week later Doom developer id Software announced they would be removing it from the game following negative response from players.
Technology
Games protected by Denuvo require an online activation. The software uses a "64-bit encryption machine". Denuvo's marketing director, Thomas Goebl, stated that some console-exclusive games get PC releases due to this technology.
Criticism
Denuvo has been criticised for high central processing unit (CPU) usage and excessive writing operations on storage components, the latter causing significant life-span reductions for solid-state drives (SSDs). Denuvo Software Solutions has denied both claims. In the case of Tekken 7 and Sonic Mania Plus, Denuvo caused a significant decrease in performance in several parts of these games. Sam Machkovech of Ars Technica reviewed in-depth how Denuvo was causing performance penalties, releasing an article on the matter in December 2018. In December 2018, Joel Hruska of ExtremeTech compared the performance of multiple games with Denuvo enabled and disabled, and found that the games tested had significantly higher frame rates and lower loading times when Denuvo was not used. Richard Leadbetter of Digital Foundry compared the performance of a pirated version of Resident Evil Village which had stripped out Denuvo and Capcom's additional copy protection against the release version for Windows, and found that the DRM-stripped version performed far better than the released game. It has been confirmed that the stuttering was caused by CAPCOM's DRM and not by Denuvo.
In July 2018, Denuvo Software Solutions filed a lawsuit against Voksi, a 21-year-old Bulgarian hacker who had cracked several Denuvo-protected games. Voksi was arrested by Bulgarian authorities, and his website, Revolt, was taken offline.
In May 2020, Kaspersky Anti-Virus detected the now removed Denuvo implementation in Doom Eternal as malware, possibly due to its kernel-level access.
In November 2021, outrage occurred when many recent games were rendered unplayable due to a Denuvo owned domain name expiring. The same month it was discovered that many Denuvo games would not work with Intel 12th Gen Alder Lake CPUs in either Windows 10 or Windows 11. However, as of January 12 2022, the Alder Lake incompatibility issue has been addressed, bringing the list of 90 incompatible titles down to zero.
References
External links
2014 software
Digital rights management for Windows
Proprietary software
Video game controversies |
17338385 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joe%20Rosselli | Joe Rosselli | Joseph Donald Rosselli (born May 28, 1972) is a former Major League Baseball pitcher for the San Francisco Giants. His record was 2-1 with an 8.70 ERA in nine appearances, five of them starts. He walked 20 batters while striking out just seven.
References
External links
1972 births
Living people
Sportspeople from Burbank, California
Baseball players from California
Major League Baseball pitchers
San Francisco Giants players
Clinton Giants players
Everett Giants players
Phoenix Firebirds players
San Jose Giants players
Shreveport Giants players
Vancouver Canadians players
American expatriate baseball players in Canada |
6906025 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Legislative%20districts%20of%20Para%C3%B1aque | Legislative districts of Parañaque | The legislative districts of Parañaque are the representations of the highly urbanized city of Parañaque in the Congress of the Philippines. The city is currently represented in the lower house of the Congress through its first and second congressional districts.
History
From 1907 to 1972, it was represented as part of the first district of Rizal, and was part of the representation of Region IV in the Interim Batasang Pambansa from 1978 to 1984. Parañaque was grouped with Las Piñas in the Regular Batasang Pambansa from 1984 to 1986, as the Legislative district of Las Piñas–Parañaque. It was granted its own representation in the restored House of Representatives in 1987, and was divided into two districts after its city charter (Republic Act No. 8507) was amended by Republic Act No. 9229, approved on December 17, 2003.
1st District
Barangay: Baclaran, Don Galo, La Huerta, San Dionisio, San Isidro, Santo Niño, Tambo, Vitalez
Area: 17.06 km²
Population (2020): 265,839
2nd District
Barangay: B.F. Homes, Don Bosco, Marcelo Green, Merville, Moonwalk, San Antonio, San Martin de Porres, Sun Valley
Area: 27.99 km²
Population (2020): 424,153
Lone District (defunct)
See also
Legislative districts of Rizal
Legislative district of Las Piñas–Parañaque
References
Parañque
Parañaque
Politics of Parañaque |
17338406 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carlo%20Scorza | Carlo Scorza | Carlo Scorza (15 June 1897 – 23 December 1988) was a prominent member of the National Fascist Party of Italy during World War II. He built his reputation in the Italian Fascist paramilitary group known as the Blackshirts, and later rose to the position of party secretary, second only to Benito Mussolini in authority over Fascist Italy. His brief and rocky tenure began in the spring of 1943 and ended with the party's collapse and abolition at the end of July.
Life
Born in the town of Paola, Scorza participated in World War I in the Bersaglieri corps where he reached the rank of Tenente (lieutenant). After the war he joined Benito Mussolini's National Fascist Party and participated in acts of violence against communists and socialists in the area around Lucca. After participating in the March on Rome, he worked for a brief time as a journalist, then he was named Federale (chief provincial party officer) of the Province of Lucca.
In 1930, Scorza was appointed to direct the key Party youth organization, Gruppo Universitario Fascista. The following year he was named as a member of the Direttorio (a high national body) of the National Fascist Party. He strongly opposed the Azione Cattolica and his behavior forced Mussolini to dismiss him from the Direttorio. He participated in the Second Italo-Abyssinian War and the Spanish Civil War. In 1940 he came back to national political activities.
Secretary of PNF
In April 1943, Scorza was named Secretary of the National Fascist Party, replacing the ineffectual Aldo Vidussoni. He remained fully dedicated to Mussolini and he assumed his office with an uncompromising demand – "Everybody and everything for the war."
Despite his enthusiasm, Scorza failed in his efforts to revitalize the party. On 25 July 1943, the President of the Italian wartime Parliament, Dino Grandi, put forth to the Fascist Grand Council a motion to remove Mussolini from office. Scorza, who also held the position of Secretary of the Grand Council, voted against it, but the motion carried and Mussolini was arrested by the Carabinieri. After the Italian armistice, Scorza was arrested in the Nazi-controlled Italian Social Republic. He was charged with treason for failing to counter the anti-Fascist coup d'état, but he was acquitted by a special tribunal in April 1944.
Later life
At the end of World War II, Scorza fled to Argentina. He was tried in absentia by the Allies and sentenced to thirty years imprisonment. He was later granted amnesty and he returned to Italy in 1955. Scorza died in Florence on 23 December 1988.
References
Further reading
Montanelli, Indro, (2003). Storia d'Italia. Milan: Corriere della Sera. OCLC 443967091.
Rastrelli, Carlo, (2010). Carlo Scorza, l'ultimo gerarca. Milan: Mursia. .
External links
1897 births
1988 deaths
People from Paola, Calabria
Italian fascists
World War II political leaders |
6906030 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swarm%20%281998%20video%20game%29 | Swarm (1998 video game) | Swarm is a 1998 Shoot 'em up PC game developed and published by Reflexive Entertainment. The action is viewed from a top-down perspective in outer space and features pre-rendered 3D graphics. In the game, the player controls an assault craft that battles against alien creatures in order to obtain special minerals called EZT nodules. The player is able to upgrade their ship with power-ups.
In 2008, Reflexive released an updated version of the game entitled Swarm Gold.
Plot
Swarm is set in the Praulac Nebula, which is inhabited by a strange insectoid race called the Clagnor. Negotiations between humans and the Clagnor have failed, leading to an all-out war between the two races. The story follows Rawl Masteson, a prison convict given the task of fighting the Clagnor for a year. After this, if by any chance he survives, his name will be cleared unless he takes an offer for another year on the job for twice the pay.
Gameplay
Each sector or level consists of a finite wrap-around space area, in which Clagnor enemies, asteroids, weapon power-ups, and EZT nodules (a fictional substance [Endron Zymithium Trisistaline] described as a fuel source) are placed randomly. The player enters and exits each level via a jumpgate that disappears after the level is started and reappears once it is completed.
There are three types of levels in Swarm: "get all the EZT", "kill them all", and bonus levels. The majority of these are "get all the EZT" levels, in which the player's primary mission is to collect all the EZT found in the level while fighting against the Clagnor and avoiding obstacles (e.g. asteroids and space junk). In the "kill them all" levels, which are mostly every 10 levels or so, there are no EZT crystals and the player's goal is to destroy all the Clagnor drones in the level. In the bonus levels, which are usually every 5 or 10 levels, there are neither Clagnor nor EZT in the area, and so the player can freely travel around and collect weapons, ammunition, and shield bonuses for a limited time. Because the level's goal is chosen at random, it means the player can potentially get 3 bonus levels in a row.
Reception
Next Generation reviewed the PC version of the game, rating it two stars out of five, and stated that "For gamers after some good old-fashioned, arcade-style action, Swarm delivers. Just don't go in expecting bleeding-edge graphics or an enthralling story because they're nowhere to be found here."
Reviews
Electric Games (1998)
Gaming Entertainment Monthly (1998)
See also
Escape Velocity, a role-playing game set in space from Ambrosia Software
Starscape, a 2D space combat game from Moonpod
References
1998 video games
Multidirectional shooters
Video games developed in the United States
Video games set in outer space
Windows games
Windows-only games
Reflexive Entertainment games |
44503855 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surameryx | Surameryx | Surameryx is an extinct genus of herbivorous even-toed ungulates originally described as belonging to the extinct family Palaeomerycidae. A single species, S. acrensis, was described from the Late Miocene (between the Mayoan and Huayquerian SALMA, between 11.6 to 5.3 million years ago) of the Madre de Dios Formation, South America. It was originally interpreted as one of the few northern mammals that entered South America before the Pliocene. However, both its identification as a member of the family Palaeomerycidae and claims about its Miocene age were subsequently challenged.
Description
Surameryx is known from the left half of the nearly complete lower jaw, reminiscent of the North American palaeomerycids, which are known from numerous fossils.
The jaw of Surameryx is similar to that of Barbouromeryx in having a premolar row without reduction compared to the molar row; additionally it showed the characteristic "Palaeomeryx fold", a typical molar crest present in various types of primitive ruminants, and a vertical groove on the back or inner surface of the fourth premolar. Surameryx still differs from its relatives in the much wider shape of the molars and premolars, and in its shorter, upward recurved coronoid process; the stylids were also higher than in other related genera.
Taxonomy
Surameryx acrensis was first named and described in 2014, based on the fossil jaw discovered in the Madre de Dios Formation extending along the Acre River in the area between Cobija, Bolivia and Assis Brasil. Surameryx is a representative of the palaeomerycids, an extinct family of Miocene artiodactyls related to cervids and giraffids. More specifically, Surameryx was a member of the dromomerycines, a group of palaeomerycids endemic to North America; within these, it seems to have a close relationship with Barbouromeryx trigonocorneus, a primitive dromomerycine of the middle Miocene (20–16 million years ago). The name Surameryx is derived from the Spanish word sur ("south") and the Greek meryx ("ruminant"); the species name acrensis refers to the Acre River.
Relevance
If confirmed, the discovery of a dromomerycine in South America would be exceptional; until 2014 there were only sporadic findings of placental mammals other than xenarthrans or meridiungulates in South America in layers earlier than the Pliocene epoch. While the Great American Biotic Interchange is traditionally regarded as an event of the late Pliocene (about 3 million years ago), it actually started much earlier, going back at least to the late Miocene, about 10 million years ago. The presence of Surameryx in the Amazon basin is evidence of this exchange in the Miocene, which had already been suggested by the presence of contemporary specimens of gomphotheriids (Amahuacatherium), peccaries (Sylvochoerus and Waldochoerus) and tapirs and presence around the same time of ground sloths in North America (Thinobadistes and Pliometanastes). It seems that the paleomerycids were unable to successfully colonize South America, while other groups fared better there. Proboscideans survived until the arrival of humans) and peccaries and tapirs currently live in South America. However, the dating of the putative Miocene fossil beds in western Amazonia and the identification of the gomphothere remains as Amahuacatherium have been challenged.
Gasparini et al. (2021) reevaluated the fossil material of S. acrensis, and argued that dental characters used to assign this species to Dromomerycinae by Prothero et al. (2014) are not diagnostic, and can be also found in other groups of even-toed ungulates, including South American deers. The authors also noted that the teeth of the holotype specimen of S. acrensis are very worn and the heavy wear has played a part in confounding and obscuring some of the dental features. In addition, Gasparini et al. considered the provenance and age of known fossil material of S. acrensis to be dubious. The authors believed that the original interpretation of the holotype specimen of S. acrensis as a dromomerycine was heavily influenced by its supposed Miocene age. According to Gasparini et al., if the preserved morphology of the holotype specimen of S. acrensis is the only information considered, it is best interpreted as fossil material of a deer of uncertain specific identity, likely an old individual with a dental age greater than seven years. The authors considered it more likely that this specimen was of Quaternary rather than Miocene age.
References
Palaeomerycidae
Prehistoric even-toed ungulate genera
Miocene mammals of South America
Huayquerian
Chasicoan
Mayoan
Neogene Brazil
Fossils of Brazil
Fossil taxa described in 2014 |
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