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44503901 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eugene%20Satterwhite%20Blease | Eugene Satterwhite Blease | Eugene Satterwhite Blease was the chief justice of the South Carolina Supreme Court from 1931 to 1934.
Blease graduated from Newberry College in Newberry, South Carolina and then worked as a teacher. In 1899, he was admitted to the South Carolina bar. Blease practiced law in Saluda and was a member of the South Carolina House of Representatives from Saluda county in 1901 and 1902. He was Saluda County's state senator in 1905 and 1906. In September 1905, Blease shot and killed his brother-in-law, and was imprisoned until his acquittal on April 11, 1906.
After moving to Newberry, he was the mayor of Newberry in 1920 and 1921 and then served in the House from 1922 until 1924. In 1926 he was elected as an associate justice of the South Carolina Supreme Court and was elevated to Chief Justice in 1931. Because of his health, he issued a letter of resignation on March 28, 1934, as effective October 8, 1934. In 1942, he returned to politics but lost in a close election for the United States Senate to Burnet R. Maybank. He is buried at the Rosemont Cemetery in Newberry, South Carolina.
References
Justices of the South Carolina Supreme Court
Chief Justices of the South Carolina Supreme Court
1877 births
1963 deaths |
20479488 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/See%20You%20at%20the%20Pillar | See You at the Pillar | See You at the Pillar is a 1967 British short documentary film about Dublin combining contemporary footage, folk music and quotations from past residents such as George Bernard Shaw, Oscar Wilde and Brendan Behan. The film is narrated via a "conversation" between Anthony Quayle and Norman Rodway. Produced by Robert Fitchet, it was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Documentary Short.
References
External links
See You at the Pillar on YouTube, uploaded by British Pathé
See You at the Pillar at British Pathé
1967 films
English-language films
British short documentary films
1960s short documentary films
1967 documentary films
Films set in Dublin (city)
Documentary films about cities |
6906291 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New%20Tricks%20%28album%29 | New Tricks (album) | New Tricks was Bing Crosby's eighth long-playing album and sixth vinyl LP for Decca Records, originally released in 1957 as number DL-8575.
New Tricks featured twelve standards recorded between August 1955 and August 1956 for Crosby's daily CBS radio show with a trio led by Crosby's regular pianist Buddy Cole. They were mastered for LP release in March 1957.
Crosby's earlier Decca LP Some Fine Old Chestnuts (1954) similarly features songs recorded for radio accompanied by Cole.
The album was first issued on CD in 1990 by Decca in Japan No. 25P2 2833. In 1998 it was included in a twofer CD called "Some Fine Old Chestnuts & New Tricks" issued by MCA Records No. MCLD19377. Another CD issue took place in 2017 with the Universal Music release of New Tricks - 60th Anniversary Deluxe Edition catalog No. B0027587-02. This contained 12 bonus tracks, all of which were culled from Crosby's radio shows.
Reception
Record producer, Ken Barnes, wrote: "While Bing broke no new ground with this album of oldies—accompanied by Buddy Cole’s trio—it was clearly something he enjoyed doing. The songs are all good—‘When I Take My Sugar to Tea’, ‘Avalon’, ‘Chicago’ and an outstanding ‘On the Alamo’ to name but four, and Bing puts it all across with great style. Cole plays his customary tasteful piano—his occasional excursions on to organ, however, only serve to point out how much better electronic organs sound today. This is a pity, because Cole had a considerable technique. Not a classic Crosby album by any means but a pleasant one, certainly.
The jazz historian Will Friedwald describes New Tricks as "swingingly successful," adding that "its cover - a very Bingish basset bearing a Crosby-style pipe, hat, and even eyes - had won listeners over even before they dug into the disc."
Personnel
Buddy Cole (musician) (piano); Vince Terri (guitar); Don Whitaker (bass); Nick Fatool (drums)
Track listing
Bonus tracks on New Tricks - 60th Anniversary Deluxe Edition
Rain (Carey Morgan / Arthur Swanstrom / Eugene Ford)
Church Bells (Paul Sanders)
I'll Remember Today
My How the Time Goes By (Cy Coleman / Carolyn Leigh)
Chee Chee-Oo Chee (Sang the Little Bird)
Surprise (Jay Livingston / Ray Evans)
All the Time (Jay Livingston / Ray Evans)
Gigi
Tammy
Big D (with Lindsay Crosby)
Allegheny Moon (with Lindsay Crosby)
More Than You Know
References
Bing Crosby albums
1957 albums
Decca Records albums |
6906292 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Songlines%20%28Alphaville%20video%29 | Songlines (Alphaville video) | Songlines is a video released by the German band Alphaville in 1989, created during the production of Alphaville's 1989 album The Breathtaking Blue.
Background
Nine acclaimed directors (or directing teams) from 7 countries were given a different track from The Breathtaking Blue and asked to make a short movie inspired by the song. 'Songlines' are a reference to the Australian aboriginal belief that "the gods created the world and everything in it by wandering through the desert and calling creation into life through their singing. Till this day, Aborigines follow these songlines, guided by totems which the gods left behind for them". The video collection was re-released in May 2021, as part of the re-release of the album The Breathtaking Blue. Band member Bernhard Lloyd said of the project, "The crazy endeavor to turn the entire album into the film 'Songlines' actually worked out in a wondrous way. A separate short film for each song, from directors all across the world – a project ahead of its time almost 35 years ago. The treasure of original 35mm film tapes have been recovered, the tapes meticulously restored and digitalized. Now, these films can finally be enjoyed in all of their beauty. It’s a completely new experience."
Awards
Christoph & Wolfgang Lauenstein's video for "Middle of the Riddle" was later
retitled Balance and won in 1990 the Academy Award for Best Animated Short Film (albeit with different music).
Track listing
"For a Million" - 9:21 (directed by Alexander Kaidanovsky, U.S.S.R.)
"Romeos" - 4:58 (directed by Ian Pringle, Australia)
"Middle of the Riddle" - 5:00 (directed by Christoph & Wolfgang Lauenstein, F.R.G.)
"Heaven or Hell" - 3:38 (directed by Slobodan Pesic, Yugoslavia)
"Ariana" - 3:49 (directed by Ricky Echolette & Olaf Bessenbacher, West Berlin)
"She Fades Away" - 5:02 (directed by Mao Kawaguchi, Japan)
"Summer Rain" - 4:14 (directed by Susanne Bier, Denmark)
"Mysteries of Love" - 5:02 (directed by Alex Proyas, Australia)
"Patricia's Park" - 4:19 (directed by Godfrey Reggio, U.S.A.)
"Anyway" - 2:56
References
1989 short films
Alphaville (band) video albums
1989 video albums
Music video compilation albums
1989 compilation albums |
23577724 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donghu%20metro%20station | Donghu metro station | The Taipei Metro Donghu station is located in the Neihu District in Taipei, Taiwan. It is a station on Wenhu line.
Station overview
This three-level, elevated station features two side platforms, three exits, and a platform elevator located on the north side of the concourse level. It is located on Kangning Road, Sec. 3.
The station is 83 meters long and 21.5 meters wide, while the platform is 93.5 meters long. Because of the station needed to go over the Wufen Road footbridge, the station height is 20 meters (the equivalent of a six-story building). It has thus been called the "Zenith Station" and is the highest station on the Taipei Metro.
Design
The station design theme is "Music". Surface designs in the station square represent a dancing musical staff. Silk fabric is printed on enamel slab art walls at the concourse level to represent romantic urban music.
Located next to the entrance, public art for the station is titled "The Rippling Lake". Porcelain and celadon are used to create ripples on the art piece.
History
December 2007: Station structure reaches completion.
22 February 2009: Donghu station construction is completed.
4 July 2009: Begins service with the opening of Brown Line.
The station is a planned transfer for the Minsheng–Xizhi line.
Station layout
Around the station
Ankang Park
Nanhu Senior High School
Minghu Junior High School
Nanhu Elementary School
Minghu Elementary School
Donghu Elementary School
Taipei Public Library, Donghu Branch
Donghu Police Station
Donghu Fire Department
Halar Cinemas
References
Wenhu line stations
Railway stations opened in 2009 |
20479513 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antonio%20Pinilla | Antonio Pinilla | Antonio Pinilla Miranda (born 25 February 1971) is a Spanish retired professional footballer who played mainly as a forward.
Best known for his stints with Tenerife and Gimnàstic – he began playing professionally for Barcelona, but had virtually no impact for its first team – he also served as general manager at the latter club, playing in more than 500 official matches for seven different clubs in exactly 20 years, 242 of those in La Liga over the course of 11 seasons (40 goals scored).
Club career
Barcelona
Born in Badalona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Pinilla was formed in the youth ranks of FC Barcelona. During the 1989–90 season, a week before turning 19, Johan Cruyff gave him the chance to make his La Liga debut, on 18 February 1990 in a match against Rayo Vallecano: he appeared 25 minutes in the 4–1 away win, having come on as a substitute for Julio Salinas.
The following campaign, Barcelona won the league and Pinilla appeared in seven matches, scoring a decisive goal against Valencia CF. He also played in the final of the UEFA Cup Winners' Cup, subbing in for veteran José Ramón Alexanko in a 1–2 loss against Manchester United.
However, strong competition in the emerging Dream Team meant Pinilla had to leave Barça on loan, and he joined RCD Mallorca, scoring four goals in a season which ended in top flight relegation. The following campaign he signed with top level newcomer Albacete Balompié, only missing two games as the Castile-La Mancha club retained its league status.
Tenerife and Nàstic
Pinilla was finally released in the summer of 1993, signing for CD Tenerife where he remained seven seasons, helping the Canary Islands team to the semi-finals of the 1996–97 UEFA Cup. He previously entered the club's history books when scoring its first goal ever in European competition, against AJ Auxerre on 15 September 1993; 1998–99 brought with it relegation, and the player followed the side into the second division.
After one season with UD Salamanca, also in the second level, Pinilla joined Catalonia's Gimnàstic de Tarragona, freshly promoted into that tier. His seven goals, however, proved insufficient to prevent the team from being immediately relegated; in addition, a serious knee injury in the final months of the campaign forced him into the operating room which led two a six-month period of inactivity, in turn prompting his release.
After recovering on his own, Pinilla was re-taken by Gimnàstic in the 2003 winter transfer window. Although he barely managed to make the team while they were in division three, he became a basic element in their return to the second level, adding five goals in the last ten days of 2005–06 in an historic return to the top flight.
Pinilla served as captain during Gimnàstic's short-lived spell in the top division, netting twice from 28 appearances for the last-ranked team, against RCD Espanyol (4–0 at home) and against Athletic Bilbao (2–0, away). On 11 September 2007, the club was proclaimed champion of the Catalonia Cup for the first time after a 2–1 defeat of Barcelona – the player, who started the final, netted one of the Grana.
At the end of the 2007–08 season, after helping Nàstic retain its second tier status, Pinilla announced his retirement after having competed in 200 games overall with the club, promptly being named its general manager and leaving the post in early February 2010.
International career
Pinilla never earned one full cap for Spain, but did represent the nation in various youth levels. Additionally, he was a member of the squad that won the gold medal at the 1992 Summer Olympics, appearing in two of six games.
Pinilla also played seven matches with the unofficial Catalonia national team.
Honours
Barcelona
La Liga: 1990–91
Supercopa de España: 1991
UEFA Cup Winners' Cup: runner-up 1990–91
Gimnàstic
Copa Catalunya: 2007
Spain U23
Summer Olympic Games: 1992
References
External links
Gimnàstic profile
1971 births
Living people
People from Badalona
Spanish footballers
Footballers from Catalonia
Association football forwards
La Liga players
Segunda División players
Segunda División B players
FC Barcelona C players
FC Barcelona B players
FC Barcelona players
RCD Mallorca players
Albacete Balompié players
CD Tenerife players
UD Salamanca players
Gimnàstic de Tarragona footballers
Spain youth international footballers
Spain under-21 international footballers
Spain under-23 international footballers
Olympic footballers of Spain
Footballers at the 1992 Summer Olympics
Olympic medalists in football
Medalists at the 1992 Summer Olympics
Olympic gold medalists for Spain |
23577734 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frank%20Monk | Frank Monk | Frank Vivian Monk (1886 – 15 November 1962) was an English amateur footballer who had a brief career with several professional clubs around 1910.
Early career
Monk was born in Salisbury, Wiltshire and was educated at Queens Road School, Wimbledon and St Marks College, Chelsea where he trained to be a teacher. He was an outstanding all-round amateur sportsman who gained honours at swimming, cricket and athletics (turning out for St Martins Harriers) and was the 1909 Salisbury marathon champion.
Football career
He joined Southampton of the Southern League on amateur terms in the summer of 1910. His teaching commitments prevented him from playing regularly for the "Saints" and he made his debut after seven games of the 1910–11 season, when he took the place of Sam Jepp at centre-half against Crystal Palace on 22 October 1910. When he played, "he used his athleticism to good effect" and was a sure tackler. He managed 19 league appearances, with either Jepp or Billy Beaumont taking his place when he was unavailable. On 11 February 1911, he played as an emergency centre-forward at Swindon Town.
His form attracted the attention of the England amateur selectors and, after a successful trial in January 1911, he won four amateur international caps.
In September 1911, Monk made two appearances for Glossop in the Football League Second Division, followed by brief spells with Fulham and one match back at The Dell (a 2–1 defeat against West Ham United on 6 January 1912).
Later career
In the summer of 1912, his teaching career took him away from Southampton, which brought his brief excursion into professional football to an end.
References
1886 births
1962 deaths
Sportspeople from Salisbury
English footballers
England amateur international footballers
Association football defenders
Salisbury City F.C. players
Southampton F.C. players
Glossop North End A.F.C. players
Fulham F.C. players
Southern Football League players
English Football League players |
23577742 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wadsworth%20Theatre | Wadsworth Theatre | The historic Wadsworth Theatre is a live theatre in the Sawtelle community of West Los Angeles, in Los Angeles, California.
It is located on the historic Sawtelle Veterans Home campus, the present day West Los Angeles Department of Veterans Affairs complex. It is off Wilshire Boulevard and San Vicente Boulevard, on the east side of Brentwood.
History
The theater was built in 1939 in the Spanish Colonial Revival style. It underwent an extensive restoration in 2002.
The Wadsworth Theater is used to present various Broadway shows, musical concerts, film premieres, and live theatrical productions. It has also hosted the annual Streamy Awards, since they were first held there in 2009.
See also
References
Theatres in Los Angeles
Sawtelle, Los Angeles
West Los Angeles
Wilshire Boulevard
Event venues established in 1939
1939 establishments in California
1930s architecture in the United States
Spanish Colonial Revival architecture in California |
20479525 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/While%20I%20Run%20This%20Race | While I Run This Race | While I Run This Race is a 1967 American short documentary film about poverty in the United States directed by Edmond Levy. It was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Documentary Short.
See also
Charlton Heston filmography
References
External links
, posted by the Lyndon Baines Johnson Library and Museum
While I Run This Race at the National Archives and Records Administration
1967 films
1967 documentary films
American short documentary films
American independent films
English-language films
1960s short documentary films
Documentary films about poverty in the United States
1967 independent films |
44503925 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eesti%20tippmodell%20%28season%203%29 | Eesti tippmodell (season 3) | Eesti tippmodell, season 3 is the third installment of the Estonian adaptation of America's Next Top Model founded by Tyra Banks. The judges for this season are Urmas Väljaots, Thomas Volkmann, and Liisi Eesmaa, who also serves as the show's host. This was the first season of the show to feature males within the final cast. The season began to air on December 4, 2014.
The winner of the competition was 16-year-old Aule Õun from Karksi-Nuia. As her prizes she received an all expenses paid trip to France to meet with Major model management in Paris. She was also signed with a model school managed by Paolo Moglia. Furthermore, she won the chance of being featured in the April issue of Redbook Magazine as well as making an appearance on the cover of Cosmopolitan.
Episode summaries
Episode 1
Original Air Date: 4 December 2014
Casting episode.
Featured photographer: Oliver Moosus
Episode 2
Original Air Date: 11 December 2014
First call-out: Liise Hanni
Bottom two: Hanna-Maria Sell & Kristina Trees
Eliminated: Hanna-Maria Sell
Featured photographer: James Holm
Episode 3
Original Air Date: 18 December 2014
First call-out: Mona Kattel
Bottom two: Kristina Trees & Stefani Kask
Eliminated: Kristina Trees
Featured photographer: Kristiin Kõosalu
Episode 4
Original Air Date: 8 January 2015
First call-out: Hendrik Adler
Bottom two: Mona Kattel & Sandro Pullakbutu
Eliminated: Mona Kattel
Featured photographer: Kristjan Lepp
Episode 5
Original Air Date: 15 January 2015
First call-out: Jekaterina Bulgarina
Bottom two: Hristina Parimskaja & Kevin Sarapuu
Eliminated: Hristina Parimskaja
Featured photographer: Krõõt Tarkmeel
Episode 6
Original Air Date: 22 January 2015
First call-out: Jekaterina Bulgarina
Bottom two: Aule Õun & Gerili Narusing
Eliminated: None
Featured photographer: Erik Riikoja
Episode 7
Original Air Date: 29 January 2015
First call-out: Hendrik Adler
Bottom two: Liise Hanni & Stefani Kask
Eliminated: Stefani Kask
Featured photographer: Kirill Gvozdev
Episode 8
Original Air Date: 5 February 2015
First call-out: Liise Hanni
Bottom two: Hendrik Adler & Kevin Sarapuu
Eliminated: Kevin Sarapuu
Featured photographer: Kalle Veesaar
Episode 9
Original Air Date: 12 February 2015
First call-out: Jekaterina Bulgarina
Bottom two: Liise Hanni & Sandro Pullakbutu
Eliminated: None
Featured photographer: Toomas Volkmann
Episode 10
Original Air Date: 19 February 2015
First call-out: None
Bottom two: None
Eliminated: None
Featured photographer: Alessio Migliardi
Episode 11
Original Air Date: 26 February 2015
First call-out: Gerili Narusing
Bottom two: Aule Õun & Sandro Pullakbutu
Eliminated: Sandro Pullakbutu
Featured photographers: Anu Hammer & Aivo Kallas
Episode 12
Original Air Date: 5 March 2015
First call-out: Jekaterina Bulgarina
Bottom two: Gerili Narusing & Liise Hanni
Eliminated: Gerili Narusing
Featured photographers: Egert Kamenik & Oliver Moosus
Episode 13
Original Air Date: 5 March 2015
Recap episode.
Episode 14
Original Air Date: 12 March 2015
Final four: Aule Õun, Hendrik Adler, Jekaterina Bulgarina & Liise Hanni
Estonia's Next Top Model: Aule Õun
Contestants
(ages are stated at start of contest)
Summaries
Call-out order
The contestant was eliminated
The contestant was in a non-elimination bottom two
The contestant won the competition
Episode 1 was the casting episode.
Episode 6 featured a non-elimination bottom two.
In episode 9, Liise and Sandro landed in the bottom two. The judges chose not to eliminate them. Instead, they missed out on the trip overseas the following episode as a punishment.
In episode 10, no panel was held. Only the Milan fashion show and Magnum shoot took place that week.
Episode 13 was the recap episode.
Photo shoot guide
Episode 1 photo shoot: Grouped with dogs in B&W (casting)
Episode 2 photo shoot: Posing with an Opel race car
Episode 3 photo shoot: Modeling with toddlers
Episode 4 photo shoot: 60s fashion with a vintage mustang
Episode 5 photo shoot: Christmas Eve in pairs
Episode 6 photo shoot: Selling shoes on an iceberg
Episode 7 photo shoot: Twofold optical illusion
Episode 8 photo shoot: Roccoco renaissance fashion
Episode 9 photo shoot: Fashion accessories in B&W
Episode 10 photo shoot: Magnum ice cream campaign
Episode 11 photo shoots: Geishas & Taikomochi covered in milk; Cosmopolitan editorial
Episode 12 photo shoots: Underwater fabric; portraying celebrities
Episode 14 photo shoot: Cosmopolitan covers
References
External links
Official Show Website
Eesti tippmodell
2014 Estonian television seasons
2015 Estonian television seasons |
44503954 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ron%20Devion | Ron Devion | Ron Devion is a Canadian television executive who worked for the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation.
A native of Winnipeg, Devion began his career at the CBC in 1955 in the accounts department. In 1977 he became program director for CBLT in Toronto.
Devion then served as head of television sports. In this role he was in charge of the CBC's Olympic broadcasts, the CFL on CBC, and Hockey Night in Canada. In 1980, Devion had a number of guest commentators provide analysis during the intermissions of Hockey Night in Canada. He would go to a bar near the CBC's Toronto studios to see how the patrons reacted to the guest. He noticed that Don Cherry received the most attention from the patrons and decided to hire him full-time for $50 an appearance.
In 1982, Devion was named director of television in British Columbia. During his tenure in B.C., Devion used co-funding (working with independent producers, Telefilm Canada, and others to co-produce programs) as a way to minimize the damage of budget cutbacks. CBC British Columbia produced a number of programs that were picked up by the national network, including Good Rockin' Tonite, The Best Years, and The Canadian Gardener. Another program produced by CBC British Columbia, Switchback, was adapted for local broadcast by other affiliates.
In April 1988, Devion was appointed to the newly created position of Director of Co-Funding for the English television network. In this role, he was responsible for finding private sector and government financing for television programs (outside of news and documentary programming) and obtaining programs from local affiliates to broadcast nationally. One of the local programs Devion picked up for national broadcast was On the Road Again. In 1990 he was offered the position of deputy national head of entertainment, but instead chose to retire.
In 1994, Devion came out of retirement to lead CBC's host broadcaster unit at the 1994 Commonwealth Games in Victoria, British Columbia. Under Devion's leadership the CBC, which expected to lose $11 million on the games, made a $5 million profit. Due to the success of the '94 games, Devion was offered positions with Atlanta Olympic Broadcasting '96, the in-house broadcasting unit of the 1996 Summer Olympics, and Radio Televisyen Malaysia, the host broadcaster of the 1998 Commonwealth Games. However, he chose to remain retired.
Devion currently resides in Brentwood Bay, British Columbia. He had written and published two books; From Stardust and From Stardust, Book II: Personal Memoir.
References
Canadian television executives
People from the Capital Regional District
People from Winnipeg
Living people
Canadian memoirists
Year of birth missing (living people) |
44503964 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/House%20of%20Prayer%20%28denomination%29 | House of Prayer (denomination) | House of Prayer is a Christian denomination aligned with the conservative holiness movement. It has roots in Christian communalism, restorationism, and the Wesleyan-Holiness movement.
Background
House of Prayer founder Edward Wayne Runyan (1864–1945) followed the example of the "Holy Jumpers" of the Metropolitan Church Association, a Holiness Methodist denomination that taught that Christians should live communally in accordance with the teachings in , the teaching referred to as "All Things Common"
In 1917, several converts were made among the Churches of Christ in Christian Union (CCCU), including one of the denomination's founders, Henry C. Leeth (died 1967). Leeth started a Christian commune with Runyan. The commune consisted of a farm and a store near Urbana, Ohio.
The CCCU expelled Leeth and 13 other ministers in 1918 for holding to Runyan's teachings, which denominational leaders found to be too humanistic. At first inclined to participate in Runyan's plan for a fully integrated church community, once the leadership became fully aware of the implications of the teaching—the scrapping of tithing, along with the complete community pooling of all members' income—the annual council of the CCCU speedily resolved that those promoting the "All Things Common" movement have their recognition as CCCU ministers revoked. Leeth became the House of Prayer's first bishop (or elder) in 1919. The movement and churches went by many names over the years in addition to House of Prayer (HP for short): All Things Common, God's Non-Sectarian Tabernacle, and simply "The Church."
Though the commune failed, the House of Prayer set up many churches and an annual camp meeting which at its peak attracted a thousand visitors per year. It published the periodicals the Herald of Perfect Christianity and Repairer of the Breach, of which no copies are extant or locatable. Its headquarters were in Washington Court House, Ohio—where a church still met .
In 1999, the denomination reported two churches and around 200 members, as well as the annual camp meeting.
House of Prayer pastors and congregants have attended the Interchurch Holiness Convention (IHC).
See also
Holiness movement
Communitarianism
References
External links
Clip of congregational singing
Local church web site
Christian denominations established in the 20th century
Evangelical denominations in North America
Holiness denominations |
23577743 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2002%20Molson%20Indy%20Toronto | 2002 Molson Indy Toronto | The 2002 Molson Indy Toronto was the eighth round of the 2002 CART FedEx Champ Car World Series season, held on July 7, 2002 on the streets of Exhibition Place in Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
Qualifying results
Race
* Townsend Bell was excluded from the race after making contact with Bruno Junqueira on lap 93. He was fined $10,000 and placed on probation.
Caution flags
Notes
New Race Record Cristiano da Matta 2:06:19.372
Average Speed 93.361 mph
External links
Friday Qualifying Results
Saturday Qualifying Results
Race Results
Townsend Bell gets fine, probation after Toronto
Toronto
Indy Toronto
Toronto
2002 in Toronto |
44504010 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dear%20Mother%20and%20All | Dear Mother and All | Dear Mother and All is a play written by American playwright Sandra Perlman. It is based on letters between 18-year-old American Charles Vernon Brown, his family, friends, and other members of his hometown of Massillon, Ohio, dating from his enlistment in the United States Marine Corps in March 1918 during World War I to the return of his body from France in 1921. The play was produced through a grant from the Ohio Arts Council/Ohio Humanities Council Joint Program in 1988 through a commission from the Massillon Museum and was first performed at the Lincoln Theater in Massillon in 1989.
Synopsis
The play takes place between March 1918 and January 1921 and is based on actual letters written by 18-year old Charles Vernon Brown, members of the immediate and extended Brown family, and other friends and acquaintances from the Northeast Ohio city of Massillon. When US President Woodrow Wilson declared war on Germany in 1918 during World War I, Charles Vernon Brown was an 18-year-old high school graduate. He and his friend Chester Potts joined the United States Marine Corps on April 21, 1918 and, after completing training at Marine Corps Recruit Depot Parris Island and Marine Corps Base Quantico, were assigned to France.
The family and friends he left behind wrote to him throughout his brief military life. The title of the play comes from how he would address each of his letters home: "Dear Mother and all". Charles Vernon's mother Lena Brown was the chief correspondent for the letters, which was typical for many families. Charles's father, also named Charles, never wrote his son and appeared to never fully recover from his departure. The Brown family also had three daughters: Dorothy, Ethel, and Helen.
Charles Vernon saw action in the Battle of Saint-Mihiel in mid September 1918. He was wounded October 4, 1918 in the Forest of Argonne during the Meuse-Argonne Offensive. He died from his wounds on October 24. Because of the length of time it took to send and receive letters, Lena Brown received the letter from her son letting her know he was wounded but alive around the date he actually died. She became increasingly anxious as time passed on without any update on his condition, and did not receive the telegram of his death until November 19, eight days after the Armistice. Charles was initially buried in France.
Lena held out hope that their son had, in fact, not been killed when a photo of the grave in France showed the name of "Charles B. Brown" instead of "Charles V. Brown". Three months later, however, uncle Mortimer Duffield, a doctor with the American Expeditionary Forces, was able to confirm that the grave was that of Charles V. Brown when the Browns' home address was listed as the address for dead soldier in question. Charles's body was returned to Massillon on January 12, 1921 and his funeral was held in his home and at the Wesley Methodist Church on January 13.
Publication and performances
Dear Mother and All was commissioned by the Massillon Museum in 1988 and is based on their collection of letters related to Charles Vernon Brown. The collection includes over 200 letters written by over 60 people covering a period of approximately three years. The play was funded by a $9,000 grant from the Ohio Arts Council and Ohio Humanities Council and written by Sandra Perlman of Kent, Ohio. Dear Mother and All debuted in Massillon July 28–30, 1989 at the Lions Lincoln Theater. It was selected as a second-place entry in the first Playwright's Forum at Youngstown State University in 1993 and performed at the university's Spotlight Theater. A monologue from the play was published by Meriwether Publishing in 2001 as part of their Audition Monologs for Student Actors II collection. In December 2013, it was performed in a staged reading at the Erdmann–Zucchero (EZ) Black Box Theatre at Kent State University.
The show is divided into two acts with 31 total scenes and a performance time of approximately 120 minutes. Action takes place at the Brown home in Massillon and wherever Charles Vernon is writing from at the time. The cast has 22 roles, 11 male and 11 female. While it is not a musical, period background music is suggested as an element, and the script is written to accommodate music.
References
External links
Official website
Plays about World War I
American plays
1989 plays |
23577762 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaitlin%20Vilasuso | Kaitlin Vilasuso | Kaitlin Ann Vilasuso (née Riley; born July 17, 1986) is an American actress and podcast host. She is best known for her roles in films From Justin to Kelly (2003), Monster (2003) and Watercolor Postcards (2013).
Early life
Kaitlin Ann Riley was born on July 17, 1986, in Fort Lauderdale, Florida. She is one of seven children and her younger sister, Bailee Madison, is also an actress. Her mother is Patricia Riley.
Career
She has appeared in films Catherine's Grove (1997), In the Shadows (2001), From Justin to Kelly (2003), Monster (2003), Scavengers (2013) and Watercolor Postcards (2013). She portrayed Lexy in American television sitcom Kickin' It in the episode "Wedding Crashers".
Since November 2018, she has co-hosted the podcast Just Between Us with her sister Bailee Madison.
Personal life
She began dating actor Jordi Vilasuso in 2010. On May 21, 2012, Kaitlin's sister, Bailee Madison, announced on The Tonight Show with Jay Leno that Kaitlin was pregnant with the couple's first child. The couple announced their engagement in May 2012 and were married on August 25, 2012, in Islamorada, Florida. The couple's first daughter, was born on November 26, 2012. Their second daughter was born on July 15, 2016. They experienced a miscarriage in 2020.
Filmography
References
External links
1986 births
American child actresses
Living people
Actresses from Fort Lauderdale, Florida
American film actresses
American television actresses
American women podcasters
American podcasters
American bloggers
21st-century American actresses |
44504016 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vida%20Lahey | Vida Lahey | Frances Vida Lahey MBE (1882—1968) was a prominent artist in Queensland, Australia. She exhibited widely from 1902 until 1965.
Early life
Frances Vida Lahey was born on 26 August 1882 at Pimpama, Queensland, the daughter of David Lahey and his wife, Jane Jemima, (née Walmsley). She had eleven siblings including conservationist Romeo Lahey. She attended Goytelea School at Southport. She studied painting at the Brisbane Central Technical College under Godfrey Rivers. Her uncle financed a trip to New Zealand in 1902 which inspired some of her earliest exhibited works, as well as helping to set her up to study in Melbourne. She studied at the National Gallery School, Melbourne under Bernard Hall and Frederick McCubbin in 1905 and again in 1909.
During World War I, she travelled to London to be in proximity to her brothers and cousins who were serving with the AIF, as well as to study art when she could. She assisted with the volunteer war effort. Following the War, she studied with Frances Hodgkins, in the Colarossi in Paris and in Italy before returning to Australia in 1921.
Career
Vida Lahey was one of the first female artists in Queensland and Australia, who regarded themselves as professionals and who sought to earn a living from practising their art. Vida pioneered art classes for both children and adults in Queensland; and she and Daphne Mayo were responsible for the foundation of the Queensland Art Fund in 1929, which helped to establish an art library and acquire works of art for the state. She travelled to Europe in 1927 for further opportunities to study art. Vida was awarded the Society of Artists (NSW) Medal in 1945, in appreciation of good services for the advancement of Australian art, the Coronation Medal in 1953 and in 1958 honoured with an MBE for services to art.
Later life
Vida Lahey's house Wonga Wallen was originally built for her brother Romeo Lahey in Canungra, on a spur of the Darlington Range and was completed in 1920. Later the house was moved from the outskirts to the Canungra township on the hill above the present Catholic Church and occupied by her parents David and Jane Jemima Lahey, and then moved again by Vida and her sister Jayne Lahey in 1946 to its present block in Sir Fred Schonell Drive, St Lucia in Brisbane.
Vida remained at the house Wonga Wallen at St Lucia until her death on 29 August 1968 and was cremated. Wonga Wallen was transferred to the sole ownership of her sister Jayne who remained there until a few years before her death in 1982 during which time another sister, Mavis Denholm née Lahey lived in the house. The house was listed on the Queensland Heritage Register on 21 October 1992.
Works
Vida is known to have painted at least two paintings of the heritage-listed Lahey house, Wonga Wallen, Canungra in the late 1930s and Wonga Wallen Loggia at Canungra in the 1940s both in the collection of Ms Shirley Lahey. Another painting, Bedroom at St Lucia with Dobell portrait, c.1961, was painted by Vida in her St Lucia bedroom.
Collections
Vida Lahey is represented in major Australian art galleries, including the National Gallery of Australia. Her painting, Monday Morning is part of the Queensland Art Gallery | Gallery of Modern Art Collection.
Exhibitions
'Songs of Colour: The Art of Vida Lahey', Queensland Art Gallery, Brisbane, 1989.
References
Attribution
1882 births
1968 deaths
People from the Gold Coast, Queensland
Members of the Order of the British Empire
Articles incorporating text from the Queensland Heritage Register
20th-century Australian women artists
20th-century Australian artists
19th-century Australian women artists |
23577764 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Children%20of%20the%20Light%20%28album%29 | Children of the Light (album) | Children of the Light is a compilation album released in 1993 featuring the music of the Jackson 5. It is one of the three compilations of the group's music not produced by Motown or CBS Records.
Track listing
"The Love You Save" (from ABC)
"Ain't Nothing Like the Real Thing"
"Lookin' Through the Windows"
"Don't Let Your Baby Catch You"
"I Can Only Give You Love"
"Little Bitty Pretty One"
"Zip A Dee Doo Dah" (from Diana Ross Presents The Jackson 5)
"Ready or Not Here I Come (Can't Hide from Love)" (from Third Album)
"E-Ne-Me-Ne-Mi-Ne-Moe (The Choice is Yours to Pull)"
"If I Have to Move a Mountain"
"Don't Want to See Tomorrow"
"Children of the Light"
"Doctor My Eyes"
"My Cherie Amour" (from Diana Ross Presents The Jackson 5)
Ten of these songs were previously available on the album Lookin' Through the Windows (ie that whole album with the exception of "To Know").
In 2001, the album was rereleased in a box set with Early Classics and Music & Me
1993 compilation albums
The Jackson 5 compilation albums |
23577765 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2005%20Mercedes-Benz%20Cup | 2005 Mercedes-Benz Cup | The 2005 Mercedes-Benz Cup was a men's tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts at the Los Angeles Tennis Center in Los Angeles, California in the United States and was part of the International Series of the 2005 ATP Tour. It was the 79th edition of the Los Angeles Open and the tournament ran from July 25 through July 31, 2003. First-seeded Andre Agassi won his fourth singles title at the tournament and overall last title of his career.
Finals
Singles
Andre Agassi defeated Gilles Müller 6–4, 7–5
Doubles
Rick Leach / Brian MacPhie defeated Jonathan Erlich / Andy Ram 6–3, 6–4
References
Mercedes-Benz Cup
Los Angeles Open (tennis)
Mercedes-Benz Cup
Mercedes-Benz Cup
Mercedes-Benz Cup
Mercedes-Benz Cup |
20479540 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History%20of%20Pomerania%20%281945%E2%80%93present%29 | History of Pomerania (1945–present) | History of Pomerania (1945–present) covers the history of Pomerania during World War II aftermath, the Communist and since 1989 Democratic era.
After the post-war border changes, the German population that had not yet fled was expelled. The area east of the Oder, known as Farther Pomerania (), and the Szczecin (Stettin) area were resettled primarily with Poles. Some of the German cultural heritage was removed and some reconstructed. Most of Western Pomerania remained in East Germany and was later merged into Mecklenburg.
With the consolidation of Communism in East Germany and People's Republic of Poland, Pomerania became part of the communist Eastern Bloc. In the 1980s, the Solidarność movement in Poland that started in the city of Gdańsk and the Wende movement in East Germany forced the Communists out of power and led to the establishment of democracy in both the Polish and German parts of Pomerania.
The name Pomerania comes from Slavic po more, which means "land by the sea".
Post World War II
Soviet occupation
Soviet occupation of Pomerania had started just after the East Pomeranian Offensive, at the time of the northern campaigns of the Battle of Berlin by the Red Army and First Polish Army, in March and April 1945.
The Soviet's administrative installation basically followed the existing previous German administrative structures. Every-day life, however, was dictated according to Soviet decrees. Outside of civilian administration, this newly assembled local Soviet administration aimed to secure the hinterland regions, just beyond the frontline. In so doing, German property was referred to as "post-German". Items that could be carried were transported to the Soviet Union. This included largely domestic household furniture, instruments such as pianos, and textiles such as carpets. In some instances, the livestock and some machinery were sent to Russia as well. Most significantly, the industrial and manufacturing buildings and their shipyards were literally all deconstructed. Likewise, they too were simply transported to the Soviet Union.
Vast areas of Farther Pomerania were vacated as the ethnic German population had fled the advancing Red Army. This was primarily the case with the areas around the Netze (Noteć) and Oder rivers. For example, in the town of Arnswalde (now Choszczno) with a previous population of 14,000 only a few dozen German civilians remained. In other areas, a heterogeneous population remained, consisting of Pomeranians as well as stranded refugees from areas further east and evacuees from the industrial centers. For example, there were 330,000 Germans in the counties of Stolp, Schlawe, Köslin, and Belgard.
The ethnic German population was ordered to participate in the acquisition and transportation of Soviet war loot, and to live in assigned to them neighbourhoods of the towns. Some were also employed by the Soviet authorities in industry or its deconstruction, in agriculture, and in the clean-up of the wartime destruction, and were paid a low salary.
There were numerous examples of mistreatment of the ethnic German populations by the occupying Soviets including: manhunts, arrests and deportations for slave labor, holdups, forays, and often rapes.
Formation of Polish communist administration in Farther Pomerania
First Polish communist officials arrived in Farther Pomerania in April 1945. The provisional government of Poland on March 14 had created the Polish administrative district of Pomerania, which included Farther Pomerania and the northern Neumark. This was based on a decision of the Soviet state council for defense in February to place some eastern territories of Germany under Polish administration, and a subsequent order of the military council of the First Belorussian Front in early March requiring a solely Polish civilian administration in the territories that were handed over and also required the Soviet military to assist in the Polish administration's establishment.
The Polish plenipotentiary for the new Pomeranian district since April 11 was colonel Leonard Borkowicz. Subordinate to Borkowicz were forty county assignees (starosts). Borkowicz and the starosts had a very limited knowledge of the area they were to govern, and were sent in only with an official attestation of their position, sketches of the counties, 500 Zloty, and alcohol to use as valuta. Their primary objective was the preparation of the area for Polish settlement.
The Polish officials were regarded no more than auxiliary personnel by the Soviet military administration, which was in charge of most of industry, bakeries, most of the farmland, and fishery. The Polish administrators concentrated on reinstating electricity, gas, and water supply and on stockpiling groceries for the expected Polish settlers. Conflicts arose when they tried to charge the Soviets for power, gas, or water. Also they failed to have the Soviet authorities inhibit the forays of Red Army soldiers and officers. Overall Soviet attitude toward the Polish administrators ranged from providing aid to neglect.
Deportations of Germans before the Potsdam Agreement
In two weeks of June 1945, the Polish Army under the Soviet command deported 110,000 ethnic Germans from the areas adjacent to the eastern bank of the Oder river, and the counties of Stargard, Labes, Pyritz (Pyrzyce), and Arnswalde (now Choszczno), all in Farther Pomerania.
Many German civilians were deported to labor camps like Vorkuta in the Soviet Union, where a large number of them perished or were later reported missing.
Border shift and consequences
In the Potsdam Agreement, the allies decided to move the Polish-German border west to the Oder-Neisse line, pending a final peace conference with Germany. Since a peace conference never took place, the provisions of the Agreement effectively defined the new border. Most of the remaining German population was expelled. In case of Pomerania, the Free City of Danzig and most of the pre-war German province of Pomerania, including the city of Swinemünde (Swinoujscie), became Polish. In addition, a strip of land 20 km west of Stettin/Szczecin, and a small part of the Usedom island also became part of Poland in order to facilitate the growth of these cities. The remainder of Pomerania west of Stettin/Szczecin and the Oder River was joined with Mecklenburg and formed Mecklenburg-Vorpommern.
In Potsdam, the border was defined as leaving the Oder river at a bridge some three kilometers west of Greifenhagen and from that point running north as a straight line to the church of Ahlbeck. On September 21, 1945, the Polish plenipotentiary Borkowicz and the Polish president of Szczecin, Piotr Zaremba, adjusted the border in the Treaty of Schwerin. The border now started at a point in the Bay of Pomerania 3 miles (5,5 kilometers) off the shore, from which it ran south through the Szczecin Lagoon and left Camminke on the East German and Papart on the Polish side.
In January 1951, the border was again adjusted. The potable water reservoir of Swinoujscie, which was on the German side since the Treaty of Schwerin, and the islands of the Oder River were assigned to Poland, and a small part of Usedom to East Germany. Also, the border within the Pomeranian Bay was extended to 6 miles.
Polish part of Pomerania - Szczecin Voivodship
The Soviet Army kept proving grounds and naval bases in Pomerania; the areas were excluded from Polish jurisdiction until 1992. Russia used the area to store nuclear warheads.
In the summer of 1945, the Soviets started to dissolve their administrative institutions in Pomerania. In 14 towns, the civilian administration was handed over to Polish officials.
In October, the counties of Stettin and Swinemünde were handed over to Polish administration. The areas on the Oder's left bank (Pölitz area) stayed under Soviet control until 1946. There, a provisional Soviet county was set up on order of marshal Zhukov, where 25,000 Germans had to completely deconstruct an industrial facility used to produce synthetic fuels. Also the Stettin port stayed directly under Soviet control, and was only handed over to Poland from February 1946 to September 1947, officially only in May 1954. The Oder waterway was handed over to Poland in September 1946. Farmland and estates were handed over until 1949 - in February 1946, half of the farmland was still Soviet property.
The Red Army started to increase the withdrawal of troops from the Polish part of Pomerania in the fall of 1945.
Polonization
With its eastern territories (the Kresy) annexed by the Soviet Union, Poland was effectively moved westwards and its area reduced by almost 20% (from 389,000 km² to 312,000 km²). With the establishment of the People's Republic of Poland followed sweeping changes in population, a "repatriation" of millions that resulted in what Geoffrey Hosking describes as "the biggest population exchange in European history." Germans, Ukrainians and others who were not perceived as Polish were shuffled out of the new boundaries, while the Poles east of the Curzon line were shuffled in. The picture of the new western and northern territories being recovered Piast territory was used to forge Polish settlers and "repatriates" arriving there into a coherent community loyal to the new regime.
Largely excepted from the expulsions of Germans were the "autochthons", close to three million ethnically Slavic inhabitants of Pomerania, the Kashubians and Slovincians, of whom however many did not identify with Polish nationality. The Polish government aimed to retain as many "autochthons" as possible for propaganda purposes, as their presence on former German soil was used to indicate the intrinsic "Polishness" of the area and justify its incorporation into the Polish state as "recovered" territories. "Verification" and "national rehabilitation" processes were set up to reveal a "dormant Polishness" and to determine which were redeemable as Polish citizens; few were actually expelled The "autochthons" not only disliked the subjective and often arbitrary verification process, but they also faced discrimination even after completing it, such as the Polonization of their names.
Treatment and expulsion of Germans after the Potsdam Agreement
The remaining Germans were to be expelled from the now Polish areas of Pomerania. The major staging area from which the Germans were deployed to post-war Germany was the Stettin-Scheune railway station. The station became notorious due to the frequent raids by armed gangs, composed of German, Polish and Russian deserters, who raped and looted those who were leaving. Germans were either transported by ship from Stettin to Lübeck or sent in trains to the British occupation zone.
In one month-long period, lasting from November 20 to December 21, 1945, 290,000 Germans were expelled; a subsequent, lengthier movement from February 1946 to October 1947 saw the expulsion of 760,000 more. Germans deported in the latter period, which has been named "Jaskolka" (swallow), were prioritized in five groups according to the risks they were perceived to represent or the value they offered, with those termed "obstructive" the first to go.
According to Piskorski, expellees were often not even allowed to carry household articles with them, and the few items they managed to take along were often robbed on the way. Piskorski notes that the Germans who were not yet expelled were legally "considered troublesome foreigners, temporarily residing in Poland" and were both disallowed communication devices like telephones or radios and restricted in their movements.
According to Werner Buchholz, during the Soviet capture of Farther Pomerania and the subsequent expulsions of Germans until 1950, 498,000 people from the part of the province east of the Oder-Neisse line died, making up for 26,4% of the former population. Of the 498,000 dead, 375,000 were civilians, and 123,000 were Wehrmacht soldiers. Low estimates give a million expellees from the then Polish part of the province in 1945 and the following years. Only 7,100 km2 remained with East Germany, about a fourth of the province's size before 1938 and a fifth of the size thereafter.
In 1949, the refugees from West Prussia and the Province of Pomerania established the non-profit Landsmannschaft Westpreußen and Landsmannschaft Pommern, respectively, to represent West Prussians and Pomeranians in the Federal Republic of Germany.
Removal of German population and heritage
The Recovered Territories after the assignment to Poland still hosted a substantial ethnic German population. This had to be changed quickly, as the territories' legal status was uncertain at the end of the war, and left room for different interpretations even after the Potsdam Agreement. The Polish administration set up a "Ministry for the Recovered Territories", headed by communist prime minister Władysław Gomułka. A "Bureau for Repatriation" was to supervise and organize the expulsions and resettlements.
The expulsion of the remaining Germans in the first post-war years presaged a broader campaign to remove the footprints of centuries of German history and culture. All German place names were replaced with Polish or Polonized medieval Slavic ones. If no Slavic name existed, then either the German name was translated or Polish assigned. The German language was banned, and many German monuments, graveyards, buildings etc. were demolished. Objects of art were moved to other parts of the country. Since Poles were predominantly Roman Catholic most Protestant churches were converted into Catholic ones. Official communist propaganda spread all-round anti-German sentiment, which was shared by many of the opposition as well as many in the Catholic Church.
A Polish law of May 1945 declared German property "abandoned". Only a decision of March 1946 declared it "state property" and prohibited further removal by the public. Many institutions in Central Poland ordered art, furniture, machines, bureau equipment, cars and construction material from the regional authorities. Over years, bricks were sent to Warsaw.
Resettlement
People from all over Poland moved in to replace the former German population in a process parallel to the expulsions. The settlers can be grouped according to their background:
settlers from Central Poland moving voluntarily (the majority) more than half a million in 1950.
Poles that had been freed from forced labor in Nazi Germany and Poles from other European countries, about 47,000 people.
so-called "repatriants": Poles expelled from the areas east of the new Polish-Soviet border were preferably settled in the new western territories, where they made up 26% of the population (up to two million)
non-Poles forcibly resettled during Operation Vistula in 1947. Large numbers of Ukrainians were forced to move from south-eastern Poland under a 1947 Polish government operation aimed at dispersing, and therefore assimilating, those Ukrainians who had not been expelled eastward already, throughout the newly acquired territories. Belarusians living around the area around Białystok were also pressured into relocating to the formerly German areas for the same reasons. This scattering of members of non-Polish ethnic groups throughout the country was an attempt by the Polish authorities to dissolve the unique ethnic identity of groups like the Ukrainians, Belarusians and Lemkos, and broke the proximity and communication necessary for strong communities to form. 53,000 people were forced to settle in the Szczecin Voivodship in 1947.
Jewish Holocaust-survivors, most of them "repatriates" from the East, creating Jewish cooperatives and institutions – the largest community was founded in Szczecin (Stettin). About 30,000 Jews from the Soviet Union settled in the Szczecin Voivodship, but most emigrated soon after. Most had left Poland by 1968 due to communist governmental antisemitic campaign, with the first mass flight of Jews from Poland taking place as a consequence of postwar anti-Jewish violence culminating in the Kielce pogrom in 1946.
since the 1950s, Greeks, Macedonians, and Romani people settled in the Szczecin Voivodship, with the Romani first sticking to their nomadic way of life.
Polish and Soviet newspapers and officials encouraged Poles to relocate to the west – "the land of opportunity". These new territories were described as a place where opulent villas abandoned by fleeing Germans. In fact, the areas were devastated by the war, most of the infrastructure largely destroyed, suffering high crime rates and looting by criminal gangs. It took years for civil order to be established.
The newly created society, first binational and multi-cultural, quickly became subject to homogenisation decreed by the state. This new Pomeranian society was tied to the Polish one, and failed to develop a local or regional identity.
Demography
In the fall of 1945, 230,000 Poles had settled in the Szczecin Voivodship, and more than 400,000 Germans remained.
In the spring of 1946, Polish and German population were about equal in number.
By the end of 1947, 900,000 Poles and 59,000 Germans lived in the Szczecin Voivodship.
German part of Pomerania
In May 1945, the armies of the Soviet Union and the western allies met east of Schwerin. Following the Potsdam Agreement, the western allies handed over the western part of Mecklenburg to the Soviets. Mecklenburg-Vorpommern was established on July 9, 1945, per order Nr. 5 of Red Army marshal Zhukov, head of the Soviet administration (SMAD), as the Province of Mecklenburg and West Pomerania (sapadnoi Pomeranii).
The post-war period was characterized by the extreme difficulties arising from the need of housing and feeding the occupation forces as well as the refugees, while simultaneously state and private property was carried to the Soviet Union.
Furthermore, many of the towns had suffered severe war damages.
Demographic changes
During and after the war, the make-up of Mecklenburg and Vorpommern's population changed due to wartime losses and the influx of evacuees (mainly from the Berlin and Hamburg metropolitan areas that were subject to air raids) and people who fled and were expelled from the former eastern territories of Germany east of the Oder-Neisse line, which became the eastern border of Mecklenburg Vorpommern. After the war, the population had doubled with more than 40% of the population being refugees.
Before the war, Mecklenburg and Western Pomerania had a population of 1,278,700, of whom many perished during the war and another share moved west in the course of the Red Army's advance. In October 1945, the authorities counted 820,000 refugees in Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, of whom a number of 30,000 and 40,000 moved about without destination.
Before the war, the about 7,100 km² of Vorpommern that would remain German were inhabited by about half a million people. After the war, 85,000 of these were either dead, had fled or were imprisoned. In 1946, the influx of 305,000 refugees raised the population to 719,000.
In 1946, the refugees in Vorpommern made up for 42,4% of the population. In the Stralsund and Grimmen counties, half of the population were refugees. The towns of Stralsund and Greifswald had the lowest rates of refugees.
More than half of the refugees in Vorpommern were expellees from the former eastern parts of the Province of Pomerania, the other ones were from any other former eastern territory.
In 1947, some 1,426,000 refugees were counted in Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, 1 million of which was from post-war Poland. Most of them were settled in rural communities, but also the towns' population increased, most notably in Schwerin from 65,000 (1939) to 99,518 (January 1947), in Wismar from 29,463 to 44,173, and in Greifswald from 29,488 to 43,897.
In 1949, out of Mecklenburg-Vorpommern's population of 2,126,000, refugees accounted for 922,088. Yet, many people - both refugees and pre-war locals - moved towards the western allies' occupation zones, causing the number of inhabitants to decrease within the following decades.
Land reform
Following the land reform of 1945/46, all farms larger than 100 ha were seized by the administration. Two thirds of the seized farms, making up for 54% of the overall seized farmland, were distributed among the refugees, who had become the majority in many rural communities. The remaining large farms not distributed among the population were run by the administration as so-called "People-owned farm" (Volkseigenes Gut, VEG).
After the reform, one out of two refugees was assigned to an own small farm.
The new partitions of land were usually of a size of five hectares.
Administration
On June 5, 1946, a law enacted by the Soviets led to the constitution of a provisional German administration (Beratende Versammlung) under Soviet supervision on June 29, 1946. After the unfree elections of October 20, 1946, a Landtag replaced the Beratende Versammlung and worked out the constitution of January 16, 1947, for the Land Mecklenburg-Vorpommern.
On March 1, 1947, the state's name was shortened to Land Mecklenburg following a Soviet order. Earlier attempts by local politicians like Otto Kortüm, mayor of Stralsund, to have the Pomeranian part of the new state organized in a separate administrative subdivision such as "Regierungsbezirk Stralsund, or to have a representative of the state's administration in Greifswald had all failed."
Parties
In April 1946,the social-democratic party (SPD) party was forced by the communists and the SMAD (Soviet administration) to merge with the communist party (KPD), resulting in the creation of the SED, which in the following years would act on Moscow's behalf.
Communist era
Polish part of Pomerania
The situation changed for the worse in 1948, when all countries of the Eastern Bloc had to adopt Soviet economic principles. Private shops were banned and most farmers were forced to join agricultural cooperatives, managed by local communists.
In 1953 Poland was forced to accept the end of war reparations, which previously were solely placed on East Germany, while West Germany enjoyed the benefits of the Marshall Plan. In 1956 Poland was on the verge of a Soviet invasion, but the crisis was solved and the Polish government's communism developed a more human face with Władysław Gomułka as the head of politburo. Poland developed the ports of Pomerania and restored the destroyed shipyards of Gdańsk, Gdynia and Szczecin.
These were organised as two harbour complexes: one of Szczecin port with Swinoujscie avanport and the other was Gdańsk-Gdynia set of ports. Gdańsk and Gdynia, along with the spa of Sopot located between them, became one metropolitan area called Tricity and populated by more than 1,000,000 inhabitants.
In 1970, after putting an end to the uncertain border issue with West Germany under Willy Brandt, the massive unrest in the coastal cities marked the end of Władysław Gomułka's rule. The new leader, Edward Gierek, wanted to modernize the country by the wide use of western credits. Although the policy failed, Poland became one of the main world players in the shipyard industry. Polish open sea fishing scientists discovered new species of fish for the fishing industry. Unfortunately, countries with direct access to the open seas declared 200 mile (370 km) economic zones that finally put the end to the Polish fishing industry. Shipyards also came under growing pressure from the subsidized Japanese and Korean enterprises.
During 1970, Poland built also the Northern Harbour in rebuilt Gdańsk, which allowed the country independent access to oil from OPEC countries. The new oil refinery had been built in Gdańsk, and an oil pipeline connected both with main Polish pipeline in Płock.
The West Pomeranian Voivodeship's rural countryside from 1945 until 1989 remained underdeveloped and often neglected, as the pre-1945 German structures of Prussian-style nobility leading and steering agricultural cultivation had been destroyed by expulsion and communism.
Reorganisation of Catholic Church in Polish Pomerania
According to the Prussian Concordat of 1929 Pope Pius XI assigned all of then German Pomerania either to the new Catholic Diocese of Berlin (est. on 13 August 1930) or to the new Territorial Prelature of Schneidemühl (), also comprising the Pomeranian districts of Bütow and Lauenburg in Pommern. Diocese and prelature became part of the new East German Ecclesiastical Province as suffragans of the prior exempt Diocese of Breslau simultaneously elevated to archdiocese.
After World War II Berlin's diocesan territory east of the Oder-Neiße line (East Brandenburg and central and Farther Pomerania) - with 33 parishes and chapels of ease - came under Polish control. Most of the Catholic parishioners and priests there had either fled the invading Soviet Red Army or were subsequently expelled by Polish authorities.
Cardinal August Hlond demanded the diocesan territory east of the new border for the creation of new Catholic dioceses, he appointed a diocesan administrator for Berlin's eastern diocesan territory seated in Gorzów Wielkopolski (Landsberg an der Warthe). Pope Pius XII refused to acknowledge these claims. But most of the churches and ecclesiastical premises of the Pomerania ecclesiastical province of the Evangelical Church of the old-Prussian Union within now Polish Pomerania were taken by newly established Catholic congregations, since the Poles who had been transferred to the area via the Soviet demands of the Potsdam Agreement were predominantly Roman Catholic.
In 1951, when the Holy See - similar to West Germany - still asserted that Farther Pomerania would be returned to Germany at a near date, the Pope appointed Teodor Bensch (1903–1958), titular bishop of Tabuda, as auxiliary bishop responsible for the Polish part of the diocese of Berlin and the Prelature of Schneidemühl. His office was titled Apostolic Administration of Cammin, Lebus and the Prelature of Schneidemühl (). This name referred to the prelature and Catholic bishoprics such as Cammin and Lebus, which existed prior the Protestant Reformation.
On 27 June 1972, however, - in response to West Germany's change in Ostpolitik and the Treaty of Warsaw - Pope Paul VI redrew the diocesan boundaries along the post-war political borders. The Apostolic constitution Episcoporum Poloniae coetus disentangled the Polish Pomeranian diocesan area of Berlin, becoming the new westerly Diocese of Szczecin-Kamień and the easterly Diocese of Koszalin-Kołobrzeg).
East German part of Pomerania
The part of Pomerania west of the Oder Neisse line was attached to Mecklenburg by a SMAD order of 1946 to form the Land of Mecklenburg-Vorpommern. This Land was renamed Mecklenburg in 1947, became a constituent state of the German Democratic Republic (East Germany) in 1949 and was dissolved by the GDR government in 1952, when the East Berlin government abandoned "states" in favour of districts (German: Bezirke). The area of Western Pomerania was split into the eastern Kreis districts of the newly established Bezirk administrative GDR subdivisions Bezirk Rostock and Bezirk Neubrandenburg, Gartz (Oder) joined Bezirk Frankfurt (Oder). The administrative changes also made the historical border between Mecklenburg and Pomerania vanish from the maps.
The Pomeranian counties had already undergone changes in 1950: Randow county, recreated in 1945, was dissolved, the southern parts with Gartz (Oder) joined Brandenburg. Thus, Western Pomerania lost the last link with the Oder river, the historical eastern border. Ueckermünde county was renamed Pasewalk county and 22 Brandenburgian communities were merged in. The Pomeranian town Damgarten was fused with the Mecklenburgian town Ribnitz to Ribnitz-Damgarten, thus Western Pomerania's historical western border (Recknitz river, flowing between Ribnitz and Damgarten) vanished from the administrative maps.
In 1952, another county reform made other parts of the historical Mecklenburgian and Pomeranian frontier vanish from the maps. The name "Pomerania" was now only used by the Pomeranian Evangelical Church, which had to change this name in "Evangelical Church Greifswald" in 1968.
Throughout the 1950s, small farms including those created in the previous land reform were forced to group to Socialist-style LPG units. In 1986, 90 LPGs ran close to 90% of the farmland, in addition there were the state estates (VEG, "Volkseigenes Gut"). An LPG had an average size of 4,700, a VEG 5,000 hectares. Agriculture was characterized by huge fields up to a hundred hectares, the use of large machines and an industrial way to work. Fertilizer was in many cases applied by planes.
In Aktion Rose, private property of housing was turned over to the state. From this stock, various state organizations ran the GDR's seaside resort, serving 75% of the East German Baltic coast tourists.
The East German policy of industrialization led to the establishment of a nuclear power plant in Lubmin near Greifswald, the Stralsund Volkswerft shipyard, and the Sassnitz ferry terminal directly linking Western Pomerania to the Soviet Union via Klaipeda. The Volkswerft was the main industry of Western Pomerania with 8,000 employees. One third of the Soviet fish trawlers were built in Stralsund. Another shipyard set up during the Communist era was the Peenewerft in Wolgast, where East German navy ships were built. In Greifswald, industry constructing electronic supplies for the shipyards was settled, employing 4,000 people.
Democratic era
Polish part of Pomerania
In 1980, Polish Pomeranian coastal cities, notably Gdańsk, became the place of birth for the anticommunist movement, Solidarity. Gdańsk become the capital for the Solidarity trade union. In 1989 it was found that the border treaty with the Communist German Democratic Republic had one mistake, concerning the naval border. Subsequently, a new treaty was signed.
German part of Pomerania
In October 1990, after the GDR regime was overthrown by the peaceful Wende revolution of 1989, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern was reconstituted and joined the Federal Republic of Germany, with Vorpommern being a constituent region of the Bundesland with a special status, but not an administrative one. Since then, the region suffers from a population drain as mostly young people migrate to the West due to high unemployment rates.
Pomerania euroregion
The Pomerania euroregion was set up in 1995 as one of the euroregions, thought to connect regions divided between states of the European Union. The name EUROREGION POMERANIA is taken from the region of Pomerania, yet the euroregion is of a different shape than the historical region. It comprises German Western Pomerania and Uckermark, Polish Zachodniopomorskie, and Scania in Sweden.
Sources
Werner Buchholz et al., Pommern, Siedler, 1999/2002, , 576 pages; this book is part of the Deutsche Geschichte im Osten Europas series and primarily covers the history of the Duchy of Pomerania and Province of Pomerania from the 12th century to 1945, and Western Pomerania after 1945.
Jan Maria Piskorski et al. (Werner Buchholz, Jörg Hackmann, Alina Hutnikiewicz, Norbert Kersken, Hans-Werner Rautenberg, Wlodzimierz Stepinski, Zygmunt Szultka, Bogdan Wachowiak, Edward Wlodarczyk), Pommern im Wandel der Zeiten, Zamek Ksiazat Pomorskich, 1999, . This book is a co-edition of several German and Polish experts on Pomeranian history and covers the history of Pomerania, except for Pomerelia, from the earliest appearance of humans in the area until the end of the second millennium. It is also available in a Polish version, .
References
9
Polish People's Republic
History of Poland (1989–present)
de:Geschichte Pommerns |
20479551 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ommanney%20Bay | Ommanney Bay | Ommanney Bay is an Arctic waterway in Qikiqtaaluk Region, Nunavut, Canada. It is located in Parry Channel and is a large inlet on the west side of Prince of Wales Island. It was named after the Victorian Arctic explorer and Royal Navy officer Sir Erasmus Ommanney.
Geography
Smith Bay and Scott Bay are eastern arms of Ommanney Bay.
Bays of Qikiqtaaluk Region |
44504023 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sand%20Castles%20%28film%29 | Sand Castles (film) | Sand Castles is a 2014 American drama film directed by Clenét Verdi-Rose and starring Jordon Hodges and Anne Winters. It co-stars Randy Spence, Saxon Trainor, Daniella Grace, Scott Jemison, and Clint Howard.
Filming took place in Goshen, Indiana and St. Joseph, Michigan in October 2012. The film had its world premiere on March 21, 2014 at the Gasparilla Film Festival, where it won the Grand Jury Prize in the festival's New Visions Competition. The film had its North America release by MarVista Entertainment on February 16, 2016.
Premise
In rural Indiana, Noah Daly (Jordon Hodges) and his impoverished family wrestle with the mysterious return of his now mute sister Lauren (Anne Winters), who was kidnapped and held captive for over a decade.
Cast
Jordon Hodges as Noah Daly
Anne Winters as Lauren Daly
Randy Spence as Tommy Daly
Saxon Trainor as Marie Daly
Daniella Grace as Alison Paige
Scott Jemison as Detective Cloud
Clint Howard as Todd Carlson
Joe Cipriano as Young Noah Daly
Reception
Sand Castles received widespread critical acclaim while playing on the film festival circuit. Critic David Appleford of Valley Screen and Stage gave the film a glowing review, writing: "Backed by an outstanding, atmospheric score from musician Todd Maki and solid performances from Hodges, Trainor and Spence, plus an effective appearance from Clint Howard whose somewhat creepy presence only adds to the overall mystery of Lauren's kidnapper, director Clenét Verdi-Rose has delivered a feature that needs to venture further than the confines of the festival circuit."
Views on Film gave a "thumbs up" rating the film 3 out of 4 stars and calling it "powerful" while singling out praise for the performances of Jordon Hodges, Randy Spence and Clint Howard. The review site placed Sand Castles on its "Top Ten Movie Picks for 2014". Film Pulse gave an overall good review of the film saying "the film has been well-received at numerous festivals including the winning of several awards, and I admit that I can understand why." The Reading Eagle gave a mixed review for Sand Castles, criticizing it for its "gratuitous, insufficiently established romance" while also writing that the film "deserves credit for sustaining its empathy for ordinary people blindsided by fate" and praising the performances of Saxon Trainor and Clint Howard. rCritic Herbert Paine of BroadwayWorld.com gave a completely positive review for Sand Castles, labeling it a "haunting and powerful film", while calling the performance of Anne Winters "stunning". Bradley Smith of Red Carpet Crash says, "Sand Castles is an interesting, emotional roller coaster."
Awards
Feature Film Award of Merit at the Catalina Film Festival (2014, won)
Best Feature Film at the Cincinnati Film Festival (2014, won)
Best Feature Film at the Gasparilla International Film Festival (2014, won)
Best Feature at the Grand Rapids Film Festival (2014, won)
Leonardo's Horse for Best Ensemble Cast at the Milano International Film Festival Awards (2014, won)
Best Actor at the Myrtle Beach International Film Festival (2014, won – Randy Spence)
Best Feature Film at the Myrtle Beach International Film Festival (2014, won)
Domani Vision Award for Best Lead Actor at the New York Visionfest (2014, won – Jordon Hodges)
Abe Schrager Cinematography Award at the New York Visionfest (2014, won – Chris Faulisi)
Best Feature Film at the Rainier Independent Film Festival (2014, won)
Audience Choice at the River Bend Film Festival (2014, won)
Best Feature at the River Bend Film Festival (2014, won)
Best Narrative Feature at the Hoosierdance International Film Festival (2015, won)
References
External links
Review at Valley Screen and Stage
Review at Broadway World
Review at Film Pulse
Clenet Verdi-Rose Emerges As A Film Director at IO Cape Cod
2014 drama films
2014 films
2014 independent films
American drama films
English-language films
American independent films
Films shot in Indiana
Films shot in Michigan
Films set in Indiana |
23577786 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sky%20Krimi | Sky Krimi | Sky Krimi is a German television channel dedicated to crime series. It mostly features original German language productions.
It started out as "Krimi & Co" on the DF1 satellite platform when it launched. DF1 had several channels dedicated to television series, including soap channel Herz & Co and comedy channel Comedy & Co. When DF1 became Premiere World in October 1999, the sister channels were rebranded.
In May 2002, Krimi & Co was renamed "Premiere Krimi". On 4 July 2009, the channel became "Sky Krimi" and was moved back to the entertainment package from the film package.
On 1 April 2021, Sky Deutschland will launch a local version of crime factual channel Sky Crime; this will coexist with the fiction-led Sky Krimi, in the same way that the British version of Sky Crime exists alongside fiction-led Sky Witness.
Programming
100 Code (2015)
Bella Block (2004–present)
Blochin (2016–present)
Bordertown (2017)
Cologne P.D. (2004–present)
Dengler (2017–present)
Der Bulle von Tölz (1999–2006, 2015–present)
Der Kapitän (2004–2006, 2008–present)
Der letzte Bulle (2017–present)
Der letzte Zeuge (2001–present)
Dicte (2016–present)
Die Brücke
Die Kumpel (2016–present)
Die Rosenheim-Cops
Dresden Mord (2017–present)
Edel & Starck (2016–2017)
Ein Fall für Zwei
Ein Mord für Quandt (1998, 2001–2004, 2016–present)
Ein starkes Team
Flemming (2011–present)
Friesland (2016–present)
Helen Dorn (2017–present)
HeliCops – Einsatz über Berlin (2001–2004, 2016–present)
Ihr Auftrag, Pater Castell (2011–present)
Inspektor Rolle (2017–present)
Jake und McCabe
KDD – Kriminaldauerdienst
Kommissar Marthaler (2017–present)
Küstenwache (2001–present)
Leipzig Homicide (2002–present)
Letzte Spur Berlin (2013–present)
Kommissar Beck
Matlock (2009–2010)
Notruf Hafenkante (2012–present)
The Old Fox
R. I. S. – Die Sprache der Toten (2016–present)
Siska (2001–present)
SK Kölsch (2001–2006, 2015–present)
SOKO 5113
SOKO Rhein-Main (2008–present)
SOKO Wismar (2005–present)
The Fall (The Fall – Tod in Belfast) (2016–present)
Tod eines Mädchens (2016–present)
Wolffs Revier (1997–2006, 2016–present)
See also
Sky Crime, a shorter running crime-themed British television channel equivalent also operated by Sky plc as a part of UK portfolio.
References
See also
Sky Witness (TV channel), a crime-themed British television channel operated by Sky plc as a part of its UK and Ireland portfolio, relaunched from Sky Living on 6 August 2018.
Sky Crime, another crime-themed British television channel operated by Sky plc, that launched on 1 October 2019.
External links
Sky Krimi on sky.de
Sky Deutschland
Sky television channels
Television channels and stations established in 1996
Television stations in Germany
Television stations in Austria
German-language television stations |
44504044 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tajamika%20Paxton | Tajamika Paxton | Tajamika Paxton or Taj Paxton is an American writer, director and producer. Her credits include writing, directing and producing A Fat Girl's Guide to Yoga, written and developed from her interest in yoga and a winner of NBCUniversal's Second Annual “Comedy Short Cuts” Diverse City Festival in 2007. She produced the films Green Dragon—which starred Forest Whitaker and Patrick Swayze and won a Humanitas Award—and Chasing Papi, with Sofía Vergara. She sat on Outfest's board of directors and served as GLAAD's liaison to Hollywood.
Early life
Paxton was born in Los Angeles, California. Paxton's mother is Mablean Ephriam, who is known for the reality courtroom series Justice with Mablean Ephriam and who was a judge on Divorce Court.
Education
Paxton is a graduate of Georgetown University's school of business.
Career
Paxton appeared with her mother on TV One's Life After. She served as vice president of production of Forest Whitaker's Spirit Dance Entertainment production company and as an MTV Films creative executive and was on the development team for Election, 200 Cigarettes, Varsity Blues and The Wood.
She was a board member of the Outfest L.A. Gay and Lesbian Film Festival and was director of programming for Outfest Fusion as well as GLAAD's director of entertainment media. She is an advocate of yoga and serves on the board of the International Association of Black Yoga Teachers.
References
External links
20th-century American businesspeople
20th-century American writers
20th-century American women writers
21st-century American businesspeople
21st-century American writers
21st-century American women writers
African-American film directors
African-American film producers
African-American screenwriters
Screenwriters from California
Film producers from California
Living people
American media executives
Businesspeople from Los Angeles
Georgetown University alumni
American women television writers
Writers from Los Angeles
Film directors from Los Angeles
American television writers
20th-century American businesswomen
21st-century American businesswomen
20th-century African-American women
20th-century African-American writers
21st-century African-American women
21st-century African-American writers
1972 births
African-American women writers |
23577790 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International%20Academy%20of%20Web%20Television | International Academy of Web Television | The International Academy of Web Television (IAWTV) was founded in 2008 and is devoted to the advancement of the arts and sciences of streaming television and web series production.
Since 2011, the academy has hosted an annual awards ceremony called the IAWTV Awards, which honors web series creators and talent in over a dozen categories, voted on by the IAWTV membership.
Background
In the past, IAWTV membership was by invitation only, however, membership is now open to a range of digital professionals through an online application form. Members represent a full cross-section of roles and specialties in web television creation, production and distribution.
In 2017, the IAWTV became a division of The Caucus, an organization that began in the 1970s to elevate television programming for producers, writers and directors. Members of The Caucus include an elite group of talent, including J. J. Abrams, Vin Di Bona, Norman Lear, Tom Hanks, Dick Wolf, Gale Anne Hurd, and many more.
Governance
The IAWTV is a membership-based organization. Members of the current board are:
Tina Cesa Ward, Chairman of the Board and Executive Committee Member of The Caucus
Sandra Payne, Vice Chairman
IAWTV Awards
In 2010, the IAWTV hosted the 2nd annual Streamy Awards. The poor reception of the event, and the surrounding controversy, resulted in a two-year hiatus for the Streamy Awards, and the subsequent creation of the IAWTV Awards. The two awards ceremonies are both still running annually, though as completely separate entities.
Since its inception in 2011, the IAWTV has held award ceremonies every year (with the exception of 2016), presenting awards to web series creators and talent in over a dozen categories, covering several genres. Notable IAWTV winners include Felicia Day, Julia Stiles and Milo Ventimiglia, as well as the critically acclaimed web series The Guild, Blue, Anyone But Me, Husbands, and Whatever, Linda.
Between 2012 and 2015, the IAWTV Awards were held in Las Vegas. The 2017 ceremony took place in Los Angeles.
See also
Streamy Awards
Academy of Television Arts & Sciences
References
External links
Official IAWTV website
Official Caucus website
Streamy Awards
Arts organizations based in California
Television organizations in the United States
Organizations based in Los Angeles
New media
Digital media organizations
Organizations established in 2008
2008 establishments in the United States |
44504048 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blom%C3%B8yna | Blomøyna | Blomøyna, or Blomøy, is an island in the municipality of Øygarden in Vestland county, Norway. The island is the second largest island in the municipality. The island lies north of the island of Rongøyna and south of the island of Ona. The southern part of the island is split into two parts by the Blomvågen fjord which cuts northward for into the island. The village of Blomvåg surrounds the inner part of the Blomvågen fjord. Nearly all of the island's residents live in Blomvåg. Blomvåg Church is located in the village, serving the whole southern part of the municipality.
See also
List of islands of Norway
References
Islands of Vestland
Øygarden |
44504065 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David%20Gordon%20Baker | David Gordon Baker | David Gordon Baker was an associate justice and chief justice on the South Carolina Supreme Court.
He served on the Florence City Council from 1910 to 1912 and in the South Carolina Senate from 1919 to 1922. From 1923 to 1931, he was the county attorney for Florence County, South Carolina.
Baker died on March 24, 1958, and is buried in Florence, South Carolina at the Mount Hope Cemetery.
References
Chief Justices of the South Carolina Supreme Court
Justices of the South Carolina Supreme Court
1884 births
People from Florence, South Carolina
1958 deaths
Place of death missing
20th-century American judges |
6906293 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arabs%20in%20Turkey | Arabs in Turkey | Arabs in Turkey (, ) refers to the 1.5-2 million citizens and residents of Turkey who are ethnically of Arab descent. They are the third-largest minority in the country after the Kurds and the Circassians and are concentrated in a few provinces in Southeastern Anatolia. Since the beginning of the Syrian civil war in 2011, millions of Arab Syrian refugees have sought refuge in Turkey.
Background
Besides the large communities of both foreign and Turkish Arabs in Istanbul and other large cities, most live in the south and southeast.
Turkish Arabs are mostly Muslims living along the southeastern border with Syria and Iraq but also in Mediterranean coastal regions in the following provinces: Batman, Bitlis, Gaziantep, Hatay, Mardin, Muş, Siirt, Şırnak, Şanlıurfa, Mersin and Adana. Many Bedouin tribes, in addition to other Arabs who settled there, arrived before Turkic tribes came to Anatolia from Central Asia in the 11th century. Many of these Arabs have ties to Arabs in Syria and Saudi Arabia, especially in the city of Raqqa. Arab society in Turkey has been subject to Turkification, yet some speak Arabic in addition to Turkish. The Treaty of Lausanne ceded to Turkey large areas that had been part of Ottoman Syria, especially in Aleppo Vilayet.
Besides a significant Shafi'i Sunni population, about 300,000 to 350,000 are Alawites (distinct from Alevism). About 18,000 Arab Christians belong mostly to the Greek Orthodox Church of Antioch. There are also few Arab Jews in Hatay and other Turkish parts of the former Aleppo Vilayet, but this community has shrank considerably since the late 1940s, mostly due to migration to Israel and other parts of Turkey.
History
Pre-Islamic period
Arabs presence in what used to be called Asia Minor, dates back to the Hellenistic period. The Arab dynasty of the Abgarids were rulers of the Kingdom of Osroene, with its capital in the ancient city of Edessa (Modern day city of Urfa). According to Retsö, The Arabs presence in Edessa dates back to AD 49. In addition, the Roman author Pliny the Elder refers to the natives of Osroene as Arabs and the region as Arabia. In the nearby Tektek Mountains, Arabs seem to have made it the seat of the governors of 'Arab. An early Arab figure who flourished in Anatolia is the 2nd century grammarian Phrynichus Arabius, specifically in the Roman province of Bithynia. Another example, is the 4th century Roman politician Domitius Modestus who was appointed by Emperor Julian to the position of Praefectus urbi of Constantinople (Modern day Istanbul). And under Emperor Valens, he became Praetorian Prefect of the East whose seat was also in Constantinople. In the 6th century, The famous Arab poet Imru' al-Qais journeyed to Constantinople in the time of Byzantine Emperor Justinian I. On his way back, it is said that he died and was buried at Ancyra (Modern day Ankara) in the Central Anatolia Region.
The age of Islam
In the early Islamic conquests, the Rashidun Caliphate successful campaigns in the Levant lead to the fall of the Ghassanids. The last Ghassanid king Jabalah ibn al-Aiham with as many as 30,000 Arab followers managed to avoid the punishment of the Caliph Umar by escaping to the domains of the Byzantine Empire. King Jabalah ibn al-Aiham established a government-in-exile in Constantinople and lived in Anatolia until his death in 645. Following the early Muslim conquests, Asia Minor became the main ground for the Arab-Byzantine wars. Among those Arabs who were killed in the wars was Abu Ayyub al-Ansari, a companion of the Islamic prophet Muhammad. Abu Ayyub was buried at the walls of Constantinople. Centuries later, after the Ottomans conquest of the city, a tomb above Abu Ayyub's grave was constructed and a mosque built by the name of Eyüp Sultan Mosque. From that point on, the area became known as the locality of Eyup by the Ottoman officials. Another instance of Arab presence in what is nowadays Turkey, is the settlement of Arab tribes in the 7th century in the region of Al-Jazira (Upper Mesopotamia), that partially encompasses Southeastern Turkey. Among those tribes are the Banu Bakr, Mudar, Rabi'ah ibn Nizar and Banu Taghlib.
Demographics
According to a Turkish study based on a large survey in 2006, 0.7% of the total population in Turkey were ethnically Arab. The population of Arabs in Turkey varies according to different sources. A 1995 American estimate put the numbers between 800,000 and 1 million. According to Ethnologue, in 1992 there were 500,000 people with Arabic as their mother tongue in Turkey. Another Turkish study estimated the Arab population to be between 1.1 and 2.4%.
In a 2020 interview with Al Jazeera, the prominent Turkish politician Yasin Aktay estimated the number of Arabs in Turkey at nine million (or 10% of Turkey's population), half of them from other countries.
Notable people
Emine Erdoğan, wife of President Recep Tayyip Erdoğan, whose family is from Siirt.
Yasin Aktay, aide to President Erdoğan.
Hüseyin Çelik, politician (Arab father).
Murat Yıldırım, actor, (Arab mother).
Murathan Mungan, author, (Arab father).
Nicholas Kadi, actor of (Iraqi descent).
Mihrac Ural, militant and leader of the Syrian Resistance.
Selin Sayek Böke, politician.
Sertab Erener, singer, songwriter and composer.
Pınar Deniz, actress.
Selin Şekerci, actress (Arab father).
İbrahim Tatlıses, actor and singer, (Arab father).
Nur Yerlitaş, fashion designer, (Arab mother).
Ahmet Düverioğlu, basketball player.
Mert Fırat, actor and screenwriter.
Jehan Barbur, singer and songwriter.
Atiye, pop singer of Arab descent.
Selami Şahin, singer and songwriter.
See also
Turks in the Arab world
Alawites in Turkey
Hatay Province
Arab diaspora
Iraqis in Turkey
Syrians in Turkey
Refugees of the Syrian Civil War in Turkey
References
Further reading
Arab diaspora in Europe
Arab diaspora in Asia
Arab world articles needing expert attention
Cultural assimilation
Demographics of Turkey
Ethnic groups in Turkey
Turkish Arab people
Ethnic groups in the Middle East
Arab diaspora |
20479571 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rudolf%20Koppitz | Rudolf Koppitz | {{Infobox person
| name=Rudolf Koppitz
| image=KOPPITZ R.jpg
| caption=Rudolf Koppitz, self portrait, In the Bosom of Nature c. 1923.
| birth_date=
| birth_place=Skrbovice, Austrian Silesia
| death_date=
| death_place=Perchtoldsdorf, Austria
|}}
Rudolf Koppitz (4 January 1884 in Skrbovice – 8 July 1936 in Perchtoldsdorf) was an Austrian photographer. He moved to Vienna and was a Photo-Secessionist whose work includes straight photography and modernist images. He was one of the leading representatives of art photography in Vienna between the world wars. Koppitz is best known for his works of the human figure including his iconic Bewegungsstudie, "Motion Study" and his use of the nude in natural settings.
Biography
Rudolf Koppitz was born into a rural Protestant family in Schreiberseifen, in the Duchy of Upper and Lower Silesia (in what is today Skrbovice, part of Široká Niva near Bruntál in the Czech Republic).
Koppitz began training for his career as a photographer in 1897 under Robert Rotter from Bruntál. Koppitz later continued his work in small commercial studios as a contract photographer but in 1912, he left professional life to go back to school to continue his studies at the Graphische Lehr- und Versuchsanstalt, "Institute for Teaching and Research in Graphic Arts" in Vienna, Austria. Rudolf had been appointed assistant there by 1913.
His time at the Institute was interrupted by the First World War in which Koppitz his talents were put to use as a field and aerial reconnaissance photographer. The bulk of the body of work he produced during this time consisted of landscapes captured during his aerial reconnaissance work, his favorite of which was the study of water from the air and the geometric elements of flying machines that carried him into war. When Koppitz was not photographing for the Army he spent his time documenting the lives of soldiers and the communities of people he came into contact with. Photographs from this period are laden with dramatic sentiments due to Koppitz's use of light, the sun, clouds and mist to express the emotions of the people and the time.
Returning to the institute, Koppitz met Anna Arbeitlang who studied photography there. She had become an assistant in 1917, like Koppitz, in the year she was admitted to the Vienna Photographic Society. She went on to become assistant lecturer, and Rudolf a professor in 1919, a role in which he remained for twenty years. In 1920, Arbeitlang founded a studio in the fifth district of Vienna where from 1921 Rudolf Koppitz was a partner. They married in the summer of 1923 and the studio thenceforth traded under his name. They worked together on their artistic commissions, publications and projects. She was also Rudolf's assistant on his artistic work, his photo retoucher and collaborated with him in making his first nude studies, some of his 'self-portraits,' and was often his model. Both Rudolf and Anna produced Kunstphotographie (as Pictorialism was called in Austria) in the aesthetics of the Vienna Secession, Jugendstijl, and the Wiener Werkstätte.
In the year they married, Rudolf made, probably in collaboration with Anna, the nude self-portrait, In the Bosom of Nature, in which he is framed by tree trunks, rocks, snowy mountains. It is posed to convey a dreamlike harmony reminiscent of a symbolist painting and graphic art. In c.1925 Koppitz created his masterpiece, Bewegungsstudie, "Motion Study" in which he photographed dancers from the Vienna State Opera; the nude dancer, credited to be the Russian Claudia Issatschenko but is more likely, her daughter, ballet dancer and choreographer, Tatyana Issatschenko Gsovsky, with her head thrown dramatically back and flanked by three dark-robed women, lends Bewegungsstudie to the highly decorative and symbolist tradition of the Viennese Jugendstil.
Also in 1925 the couple had their only child, daughter Liselotte, portrayed with her mother in Rudolf's Madonna and Child image of that year. Julia Secklehner identifies it, and Koppitz's 'self-portrait' nude In the Bosom of Nature as adhering to the Körperkult ('cult of the body') and the naturist heimat sentiment in its alpine setting and heroic low-angle viewpoint.
In the 1930s their style shifted toward the Neue Sachlichkeit, anti-expressionist objectivity then predominant in photography of Central Europe. The FiFo ("Internationale Ausstellung des Deutschen Werkbundes – Film und Foto") came to Vienna after being shown in Stuttgart and decisively influenced the Koppitz couple's artistic development. The Neues Sehen (New Vision) led them to a more factual and documentary oriented photography of themes from rustic life; ethnographic records of the peasant archetype, eulogised as the archaic essence of Germanic peoples, at first mystical and quasi-theosophical, but progressively more chauvinist and nationalistic under the Austrian chancellor dictatorship initiated by Engelbert Dollfuss of 1933.
In 1936, the most comprehensive exhibition of Rudolf's work, a survey of 500 works of rustic subjects took place, entitled "Country and People", at the Museum of Art and Industry. Rudolf died that same year.
Anna continued operation of their studio and produced Nazi propaganda imagery for Minister of Agriculture R. Walther Darré. Whether Rudolf's sympathies accorded with the National Socialists is not known, however völkisch ideologies, those embedded in the couple's imagery, were instrumental to Nazism.
Work
Koppitz's work emphasises form, line, and the surface play of light and shadow. Early in his career, Koppitz was known for staging groups of subjects in the stylised, bas-relief style of the Vienna Secession, the most well known example of this being his Bewegungsstudie, "Motion Study".Bewegungsstudie's languid nude, elaborately robed women and sensuality, in the context of its rigorous and artistic composition, evokes the sexual morbidity of Viennese artists like Gustav Klimt and Alphonse Mucha, as well as the Swiss symbolist painter Ferdinand Hodler and has made it notable It has become Koppitz's signature image and also his best-seller. Prints were purchased by, among others, the Toledo Museum of Art; the New York Camera Club notably Joseph Bing, head of that club's print committee; and the Englishman Stephen Tyng, who published it in a small portfolio of works from his collection.
His earliest works show evidence of influence by Gustav Klimt, Japanese art, Art Nouveau and Constructivism. Koppitz's work came of age during the inter-war period when most of Austria's photographers were supporters of art photography. Photographs from that time are full of symbolic meanings often capturing nude and clothed dancers as well as liberal use of the both male, many of which were of Koppitz himself, and female nudes placed in elements of nature and posed to give the impression of a Greek or Roman statue.
Although he did not possess a consistent style, Koppitz was a virtuoso of the dark room, seemingly determined to make the photograph as much of an art object as possible. His beautifully grainy, subtly tinted images align him with American Pictorialists like Edward Steichen and Clarence Smith. Koppitz's work, much of it using the gum bichromate process, reflected his links with modern artists such as Gustav Klimt and Egon Schiele, and their involvement with the 'life reform' movement including; nudism, sun culture, and expressive dance popular in Central Europe from the early 1900s as well as agrarian romanticism. Koppitz's mastery of pictorial processes—pigment, carbon, gum, and bromoil process of transfer printing—gained the respect of his colleagues throughout the world and garnered mention in the Encyclopædia Britannica of 1929.
{{quote|Koppitz's photographs were shown in no less than fourteen juried or invitational exhibitions in the United States from 1926 through 1930, most importantly the Pittsburgh Salons of 1926, 1927, and 1928. This highly regarded annual exhibition at the Carnegie Museum of Art featured not only prominent American photographers, but also the Europeans including; Koppitz, Josef Sudek, Jaromir Funke, Frantisek Drtikol, and Madame D'Ora. Both Koppitz and Thorek were elected associate members of this prestigious salon, where Bewegungsstudie, along with many other Koppitz works, were exhibited. In addition to their exposure in salons, Koppitz's photographs were featured in such American camera magazines as American Photography, Photo-Era, and Camera Craft.
Koppitz's later photographs took a documentary turn and became more simple and direct in their subject matter and composition more in accord with New Objectivity, but remained emotionally affected. Over the course of 30 years of work, Koppitz's photography came full circle returning in his later years to where he started, working with a renewed focus on nature and documenting the lives and condition of rural peasants. Koppitz is perceived by some as a progressive modern artist while on the other hand he was one of the more conservative photographers in his time, belatedly adopting the prevailing Neues Sehen of the 1930s, but holding true to a number of traditions and always telling a story with his photographs.
See also
Iconography
References
Further reading
Baatz, W. (1997). Photography: An Illustrated Historical Overview. Hauppage: Baron's
Croni, E. (2015). Heimat Photography in Austria: A Politicized Vision of Peasants and Skiers. Salzburg: Fotohof
Hirsch, R. (2000). Seizing the Light: A History of Photography. New York: McGraw Hill
Newhall, B. (1982). The History of Photography. New York: The Museum of Modern Art
Richter, P. (1998). Nude Photography: Masterpieces from the Past 150 Years.'' New York: Prestel
External links
Rudolf Koppitz critique and biography
Photography Encyclopedia Rudolf Koppitz
Rudolf Koppitz: Viennese `Master of the Camera'
New York Times: Art in Review
Czech photographers
Austrian photographers
Austrian people of Czech descent
People from Austrian Silesia
People from Bruntál District
Artists from Vienna
1884 births
1936 deaths
Dance photographers
Pictorialists
Nude photography |
17338813 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2004%E2%80%9305%20Fulham%20F.C.%20season | 2004–05 Fulham F.C. season | The 2004–05 season was Fulham F.C.'s fourth consecutive season in the top flight of English football, the Premier League. They were managed by former player, Chris Coleman, who managed to guide them into a mid-table position of 13th.
Despite not being involved in a relegation dogfight at the end of the season, they still had a big say in deciding who went down as they beat Norwich City 6–0 on the last day to relegate the East Anglians and save West Bromwich Albion.
In other competitions, they reached the quarter finals of the League Cup, where they lost to Chelsea, and also reached the fifth round of the FA Cup.
Players
First-team squad
Squad at end of season
Reserve squad
Statistics
Appearances and goals
As of 31 June 2005
|-
! colspan=14 style=background:#dcdcdc; text-align:center| Goalkeepers
|-
! colspan=14 style=background:#dcdcdc; text-align:center| Defenders
|-
! colspan=14 style=background:#dcdcdc; text-align:center| Midfielders
|-
! colspan=14 style=background:#dcdcdc; text-align:center| Forwards
|}
Starting 11
Considering starts in all competitions
GK: #1, Edwin van der Sar, 39
RB: #2, Moritz Volz, 36
CB: #6, Zat Knight, 42
CB: #21, Zesh Rehman, 21 (#37, Liam Rosenior, also has 21 starts)
LB: #3, Carlos Bocanegra, 33
CM: #4, Steed Malbranque, 27
CM: #14, Papa Bouba Diop, 35
CM: #7, Mark Pembridge, 31
RF: #11, Luís Boa Morte, 37
CF: #9, Andy Cole, 37
LF: #17, Tomasz Radzinski, 31
Transfers
In
Out
Competitions
Overall
Premier League: 13th
League Cup: Quarter-finals
FA Cup: Fifth round
Premier League
Premier League table
Results summary
Results by round
Results
Premier League
League Cup
FA Cup
References
Notes
External links
Official Fulham website
Statistics from Soccerbase
Fulham F.C. seasons
Fulham |
6906305 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joey%20Saputo | Joey Saputo | Giuseppe "Joey" Saputo (born September 25, 1964) is a Canadian businessman and the president of CF Montréal soccer team he founded in 1992, and Saputo Stadium, named after his family's dairy products company Saputo Inc. He is also the chairman of the Italian football club Bologna FC 1909.
Family
Saputo is the son of Emanuele "Lino" Saputo, the founder, former chairman & CEO, and majority shareholder of Saputo Inc., a Canadian dairy products company that also markets a range of other items including spaghetti sauce. Saputo previously owned Vachon Inc., the snack company responsible for the Jos. Louis dessert. Joey Saputo has four sons.
Career
Saputo Inc.
In 1985 Saputo began working for the family business, Saputo Inc., a dairy processing company founded by his father Lino Saputo in 1954. In 1990, he was promoted to president and chief operating officer of the Dairy Products Division for the United States. After occupying various positions within the organization, he was named Senior Vice President of Commercial and Business Development in January 2004.
Club de Foot Montréal
When Saputo was the founding president of Montreal Impact in 1992, the Saputo Group was the team's sole owner; however, under his leadership, in 1999, the club was sold to a group of shareholders. In 2002, the team was incorporated as a non-profit organization, and he played a "pivotal role in the re-launch of the club and returned as President. He then spearheaded the construction of Saputo Stadium, the team's new home, inaugurated at Olympic Park, Montreal, on May 19, 2008.
By 2007, he had left the Saputo Group in order to focus on the Impact. In 2012, he led the club's entry into Major League Soccer and oversaw the Saputo Stadium's expansion. Under his leadership, "professional soccer's popularity has soared to unprecedented heights in Quebec", with the Impact having won three championships, two Canadian championships, and reached the finals of the CONCACAF Champions League. In 2021, the Impact were renamed as Club de Foot Montréal.
Bologna F.C.
Saputo is the majority shareholder in a consortium (BFC 1909 Lux SPV SA) that bought the Italian football team Bologna F.C. 1909 on October 15, 2014. He was nominated as the next chairman of the club in an extraordinary general meeting on November 17, 2014, replacing Joe Tacopina, who retained the position until annual general meeting on December 22, 2014.
Other activities
In addition to his work at the Saputo Group and CF Montreal, Saputo has also been involved in managing his family's assets, consolidated under Jolina Capital ("the Saputo family company"), an asset management company where he was president from March 2001 to January 2004. Jolina Capital is a shareholder—and frequently a majority shareholder—in companies spanning sectors as diverse as food, transportation, softwood lumber, and real estate.
Saputo is currently on the board of directors of TransForce, a publicly traded Canadian transport and logistics company, where he has been an independent director since 1996.
Philanthropy
Saputo is involved in the Montreal community and serves on the boards of the Sainte-Justine University Hospital Centre Foundation, PROCURE, an organization that seeks to prevent and cure prostate cancer, the Italian-Canadian Community Foundation (his father immigrated from Montelepre, Sicily, in the 1950s).
References
1964 births
Living people
Anglophone Quebec people
Businesspeople from Montreal
Canadian food industry businesspeople
Canadian soccer chairmen and investors
Canadian people of Sicilian descent
CF Montréal
Bologna F.C. 1909
North American Soccer League executives
Chief operating officers |
17338819 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blue%20cow | Blue cow | Blue Cow may refer to:
Blue Cow (cartoon), a cartoon cow who appears in the UK television programme The Story Makers
Blue Cow, New South Wales, a village in NSW, Australia
The Blue Cow, one of the "blue" public houses and inns in Grantham
Belgian Blue, a breed of cattle
Nilgai, an Indian Antelope whose name translates to "Blue Cow" |
6906309 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FRK | FRK | FRK may refer to:
Federation of Russian Canadians
Finnish Red Cross (Swedish: )
Frankish language
Frégate Island Airport, in the Seychelles
Fructokinase
Funmilayo Ransome-Kuti
Fyn-related kinase
Martin Frk (born 1993), Czech ice hockey player |
6906338 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WRY | WRY | WRY, or wry, may refer to:
Arts and entertainment
Gordon Wry (1910–1985), a Canadian tenor and conductor
Scotch and Wry, a Scottish television comedy sketch show
Wry, the battle cry made by Dio Brando in the JoJo's Bizarre Adventure series
Medicine
Wry neck, a medical condition with an abnormal, asymmetrical head or neck position
Wry nose, a medical condition with a deviation of the upper jaw and nose
Places
WRY, the Chapman code for the West Riding of Yorkshire, UK
WRY, the IATA code for Westray Airport on Orkney, Scotland, UK
WRY, the National Rail code for Wraysbury railway station in Berkshire, UK
See also
Work (disambiguation) |
17338822 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mum%2C%20Chipwi | Mum, Chipwi | Mum is a village in Chipwi Township in Myitkyina District in the Kachin State of north-eastern Burma.
References
External links
Satellite map at Maplandia.com
Populated places in Kachin State
Chipwi Township |
6906343 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pierre%20Bachand | Pierre Bachand | Pierre Bachand (22 March 1835 – 3 November 1878) was a lawyer and politician from Lower Canada who studied law with Louis-Victor Sicotte in Saint-Hyacinthe. He was, at various times, deputy protonotary of the Superior Court and assistant clerk of the Circuit Court in his area.
In 1862, he went into partnership and built up a large practice throughout the area. It was a time of rapid economic growth and, through his influence, they founded a Chamber of Commerce in the Saint-Hyacinthe district.
More important to the area was the start of the Banque de Saint-Hyacinthe which Bachand helped found. He was the president until his death.
He was active in politics and ran successfully for the Liberals in the Legislative Assembly of the province of Quebec in 1867 and was unopposed in 1871 and 1875. Although he was an MLA, he was active in important matters on the federal scene. He worked with Honoré Mercier during the time of the “Pacific Scandal” and helped organize the Parti National in 1871.
References
Biography at the Dictionary of Canadian Biography Online
1835 births
1878 deaths
Lawyers in Quebec
Quebec Liberal Party MNAs
People from Verchères, Quebec |
20479578 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert%20Sherrod | Robert Sherrod | Robert Lee Sherrod (February 8, 1909 – February 13, 1994) was an American journalist, editor and writer. He was a war correspondent for Time and Life magazines, covering combat from World War II to the Vietnam War. During World War II, embedded with the United States Marine Corps, he covered the battles at Attu (with the U.S. Army), Tarawa, Saipan, Iwo Jima, and Okinawa. He also authored five books on World War II, including Tarawa: The Story of a Battle (1944) and the definitive History of Marine Corps Aviation in World War II (1952). He was an editor of Time during World War II and later editor of The Saturday Evening Post, then vice-president of Curtis Publishing Company.
Early years and family
Robert Lee Sherrod was born on February 8, 1909 in Thomas County, Georgia. He graduated from The University of Georgia in 1929. He was married three times — to Elizabeth Hudson from 1936 until her death in 1958; to Margaret Carson, the prominent American publicist, from 1961 until 1972; and to Mary Gay Labrot Leonhardt from 1972 until her death in 1978. He had two sons, John and Robert L. Jr.
Journalism career
After Sherrod's college graduation, he worked for newspapers in the South until 1935, when he joined Time, Inc. In 1940, William Saroyan lists him among "contributing editors" at Time in the play, Love's Old Sweet Song.
During World War II, Sherrod covered the Pacific War for TIME and LIFE magazines — accompanying the Marines into battle at Attu (with the U.S. Army), Tarawa, Saipan, Iwo Jima, and Okinawa. After witnessing the carnage at Tarawa, Sherrod was instrumental in advising President Roosevelt to air the controversial documentary With the Marines at Tarawa. Sherrod was one of only a few who were at Tarawa that the President knew personally and could trust to advise him on this matter from the point of view of the Marines on the ground.
In 1943, the Tarawa atoll of the Gilbert Islands was occupied by the Japanese. Sherrod accompanied the U.S. Marines from their landing on the shores until the battle was over. His book on the battle, Tarawa: The Story of a Battle, was published 1944, at which time he was an associate editor of TIME.
Sherrod was also with the Marines during the invasion of Iwo Jima. He wrote,"at the end of a fortnight's bloody fighting there is no longer any doubt that Iwo is the most difficult amphibious operation in U.S. history."
He later wrote the book On to Westward: The Battles of Saipan and Iwo Jima about his experiences on Saipan and Iwo Jima. Unfortunately, Sherrod also admitted to being responsible for spreading the rumor that Joe Rosenthal's famous photograph of the Marines' second flag raising on Mount Suribachi was "staged"; he later confessed that he was wrong and apologized.
He was later a war correspondent in Korea and in Vietnam.
Sherrod was the managing editor for the Saturday Evening Post from 1955 to 1962, then editor from 1962 to 1965. He was vice president of the Posts parent company, Curtis Publishing Company, from 1965 to 1966.
Death
Sherrod died in his home in Washington, D.C. from emphysema on February 13, 1994.
Works
In addition to his work as a war correspondent and editor, Sherrod authored five books on the military, including:
He also worked with NASA on a book about the Apollo missions:
See also
Richard Tregaskis, American war correspondent for the International News Service, with the Marines on Battle of Guadalcanal, author of Guadalcanal Diary.
WWII in HD: Lost Films, ( Voice by Rob Lowe) is a documentary to show World War II as it really was, in original, immersive colour.
Ray E. Boomhower's book Dispatches from the Pacific: The World War II Reporting of Robert L. Sherrod, will be published in August 2017 by Indiana University Press.
ReferencesNotesBibliography'
External links
Includes articles submitted by Sherrod as a war correspondent.
1909 births
1994 deaths
American editors
Deaths from emphysema
American war correspondents of World War II
University of Georgia alumni
Time (magazine) people
20th-century American writers
20th-century American male writers |
20479580 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buenaventura%20Marc%C3%B3%20del%20Pont | Buenaventura Marcó del Pont | Buenaventura Marcó del Pont y Bory (1738–1818) was a Spanish businessman, and founder of the family of the same name.
He was born in Calella de Palafrugell, Gerona in Catalonia. Early in his life, he relocated to Vigo, in Galicia, where he lived since at least 1750, and where he soon became one of its most important businessmen by building a new salting installation for the processing and distribution of fish to his native land. The good result of his business attracted some other Catalan families to the area, such as the Buch, the Curbera, the Escofet or the Fábregas.
As one of the most important ship-owners in Spain, he obtained from King Charles III of Spain in 1773, the first concessions to allow trading between the port of Vigo and the new world. In 1779 he obtained permission to attack the British naval commerce and that of its allies such as portugueses, during the American Revolutionary War. The good fortune of his ships made him a fortune in such articles as salt, oil, leather and cloth among others. In 1817, as a regidor of Vigo, he ordered the reconstruction of the Concatedral de Santa María de Vigo, which had been destroyed during the Peninsular War. He personally donated the statue of the Cristo de la Victoria, which is still the most important religious icon of the city.
Marcó del Pont married Juana Ángel Díaz y Méndez, with whom he had four sons. Two of them became very famous during their lifetime: Francisco Casimiro was the last Royal Governor of Chile and Buenaventura Miguel represented his father's company in Buenos Aires, and his family became one of the most important and wealthy of the Argentine republic.
References
1728 births
1817 deaths
18th-century Spanish businesspeople
19th-century Spanish businesspeople |
20479601 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20House%20That%20Ananda%20Built | The House That Ananda Built | The House That Ananda Built is a 1968 Indian short documentary film directed by Fali Bilimoria. It was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Documentary Short.
References
External links
Watch The House That Ananda Built on YouTube, posted by Films Division of India
1968 films
1968 documentary films
1968 short films
1960s short documentary films
English-language films
Indian short documentary films |
6906354 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mona%20Lisa%20%28singer%29 | Mona Lisa (singer) | Kimberly Leadbetter (born November 20, 1979), better known by her professional stage name Mona Lisa, is an American pop and R&B singer-songwriter, actress, model and record producer. She is best known for her debut single "Can't Be Wasting My Time" featuring the hip hop group Lost Boyz, which was featured on the Don't Be a Menace to South Central While Drinking Your Juice in the Hood soundtrack, as well as her debut album 11-20-79.
In 2011, her collaboration with labelmate DL, "First Klass (That Lyfe)" was released as a digital single. It's the lead single for the King of Paper Chasin''' soundtrack. Her song, "Once Upon a Time" (written by Dennis Cooper) appeared in the film, The Heart Specialist which was released in 2012.
Discography
Albums
1996: 11-20-79''
Singles
1996 – "Can't Be Wasting My Time" (featuring Lost Boyz)
1996 – "You Said"
1996 – "Our Time to Shine" (with Lil' Kim ("Don't Be a Menace..." soundtrack)
1997 – "Just Wanna Please U" (featuring The LOX)
1998 – "Peach"
2004 – "Girls" (with Cam'Ron)
2007 – "Get At Me" (with Sonja Blade)
2011 – "First Klass (That Lyfe)" (with DL) ("King of Paper Chasin'" soundtrack)
Other appearances
1996 – "Our Time To Shine (Remix)" (with Lil' Kim) "Don't Be A Menace..." Soundtrack (chorus/background)
1996 – "Music Makes Me High" (Lost Boyz "Legal Drug Money" album (chorus/background, uncredited)
1996 – "Renee" Lost Boyz ("Renee" alternate side Ep Single, chorus/background uncredited)
1997 – "Silent Night" ("A Special Gift" compilation)
1997 – "Somehow" (with Voices of Theory & Kurupt)
1998 – "Get'n It On" ("Woo" soundtrack)
2001 – "Fever" (DJ Famous mixtape 15: R&B is Needed)
2009 – "Thug Love" (Head Crack "Handle My Business" album)
2012 – "Once Upon a Time" ("The Heart Specialist" soundtrack)
Videography
References
External links
Official Twitter
Official facebook
Official MySpace
Ontourage Entertainment's Official Site
Triplebeam World Official Site
1979 births
Living people
Actresses from New York (state)
African-American actresses
African-American women singer-songwriters
American women pop singers
American hip hop musicians
People from Union, South Carolina
People from Yonkers, New York
Singer-songwriters from New York (state)
21st-century African-American women singers
20th-century African-American women singers
Singer-songwriters from South Carolina |
6906356 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypogastric%20plexus | Hypogastric plexus | Hypogastric plexus may refer to:
Superior hypogastric plexus
Inferior hypogastric plexus |
20479616 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert%20Caux | Robert Caux | Robert Caux is a musician, composer, sound designer and sound engineer based in Quebec City.
After studying baroque organ at Laval University, he became very well known on Quebec City's theatre scene by composing the soundtrack of an impressive number of plays.
He was closely associated with Robert Lepage for many years, as he composed the music from his plays Needles and Opium, The Dragons' Trilogy and Elsinore, for which he won 1995's Masque (Quebec's equivalent of a Tony Award) for original music.
He also composed the music of Lepage's second feature film, Le Polygraphe.
He's currently the head sound technician at Le Grand Théâtre de Québec, Quebec City.
References
Living people
Canadian composers
Canadian male composers
Université Laval alumni
Year of birth missing (living people) |
20479640 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hartbach | Hartbach | The Hartbach (also called Reichersberger Bach) is a river of Upper Austria, a small tributary of the Inn.
The Hartbach originates in the Senftenbach area. It flows from South to North to the Inn and merges with it east of Obernberg am Inn.
References
Rivers of Upper Austria
Rivers of Austria |
20479642 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Revolving%20Door | The Revolving Door | The Revolving Door is a 1968 American short documentary film directed by Lee R. Bobker and produced by Vision Associates. The 28.5 minute film was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Documentary Short.
See also
Psychiatric Nursing
The Odds Against
References
External links
1968 films
1968 documentary films
1960s short documentary films
American short documentary films
English-language films
Documentary films about incarceration in the United States
Films directed by Lee R. Bobker |
17338823 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eric%20Kennington | Eric Kennington | Eric Henri Kennington (12 March 1888 – 13 April 1960) was an English sculptor, artist and illustrator, and an official war artist in both World Wars.
As a war artist, Kennington specialised in depictions of the daily hardships endured by soldiers and airmen. In the inter-war years he worked mostly on portraits and a number of book illustrations. The most notable of his book illustrations were for T. E. Lawrence's Seven Pillars of Wisdom. Kennington was also a gifted sculptor, best known for his 24th East Surrey Division War Memorial in Battersea Park, for his work on the Shakespeare Memorial Theatre in Stratford-upon-Avon and for the effigy of Lawrence at Wareham in Dorset.
Biography
Early life
Kennington was born in Chelsea, London, the second son of the genre and portrait painter, Thomas Benjamin Kennington (1856–1916), a founder member of the New English Art Club. He was educated at St Paul's School and the Lambeth School of Art. Kennington first exhibited at the Royal Academy in 1908. At the International Society in April 1914 Kennington exhibited a series of paintings and drawings of costermongers which sold well and allowed him to set up a studio off Kensington High Street in London.
First World War
At the start of World War I, Kennington enlisted with the 13th (Kensington) Battalion London Regiment on 6 August 1914. He fought on the Western Front, but was wounded in January 1915 and evacuated back to England. Kennington was injured while attempting to clear a friend's jammed rifle and he lost one toe and was fortunate not to lose a foot due to infection. He spent four months in hospital before being discharged as unfit in June 1915. During his convalescence, he spent six months painting The Kensingtons at Laventie, a group portrait of his own infantry platoon, Platoon No 7, 'C' Company. Kennington himself is the figure third from the left, wearing a balaclava. When exhibited in the spring of 1916, its portrayal of exhausted soldiers caused a sensation. Painted in reverse on glass, the painting is now in the Imperial War Museum and was widely praised for its technical virtuosity, iconic colour scheme, and its "stately presentation of human endurance, of the quiet heroism of the rank and file".
Kennington visited the Somme in December 1916 as a semi-official artist visitor before, back in London, producing six lithographs under the title Making Soldiers for the Ministry of Information's Britain's Efforts and Ideals portfolio of images which were exhibited in Britain and abroad and were also sold as prints to raise money for the war effort. In May 1917 he accepted an official war artist commission from the Department of Information. Kennington was commissioned to spend a month on the Western Front but he applied for numerous extensions and eventually spent seven and a half months in France. Kennington was originally based at the Third Army Headquarters and would spend time at the front lines near Villers-Faucon. Later during this tour, his friend William Rothenstein was also appointed as a war artist and they worked together at Montigny Farm and at Devise on the Somme, where they often came under shell-fire. Kennington spent most of his time painting portraits, which he was happy to do, but became increasingly concerned about his lack of access to the front line and that the official censor was removing the names of his portrait subjects. Although Kennington was among the first of the official war artists Britain sent to France, he was not afforded anything like the status and facilities that the others, in particular William Orpen and Muirhead Bone enjoyed. Whereas Kennington was working for neither salary nor expenses and had no official car or staff, Orpen was given the rank of major, had his own military aide, a car and driver, plus, at his own expense, a batman and assistant to accompany him. Kennington could be aggressive and irritable and at times complained bitterly about his situation, claiming he must have been the cheapest artist employed by the Government and that "Bone had a commission and Orpen had a damned good time".
During his time in France, Kennington produced 170 charcoal, pastel and watercolours before returning to London in March 1918. Whilst in France in 1918, Kennington was admitted to a Casualty Clearing Station at Tincourt-Boucly to be treated for trench fever. There he made a number of sketches and drawings of men injured during the bombardment that preceded the German 1918 Spring Offensive. Some of these drawings became the basis of the completed painting Gassed and Wounded.
Throughout June and July 1918 an exhibition of Kennington's work, "The British Soldier", was held in London and received great reviews and some public acclaim. Despite this, Kennington was unhappy in his dealings with Department of Information, mainly concerning the censoring of his paintings, and he resigned his war artist commission with the British. In November 1918 Kennington was commissioned by the Canadian War Memorials Scheme to depict Canadian troops in Europe. That month he returned to France as a temporary first lieutenant attached to the 16th Battalion (Canadian Scottish), CEF. The eight months Kennington spent in Germany, Belgium and France, working for the Canadians, resulted in some seventy drawings.
1920s
At an exhibition of his war art in London, Kennington met T. E. Lawrence who became a great influence on him. Kennington spent the first half of 1921 travelling through Egypt, Jordan, Syria, Lebanon and Palestine drawing portraits of Arab subjects. These were displayed at an exhibition in October 1921 and some of the drawings were used as illustrations for Lawrence's The Seven Pillars of Wisdom, for which Kennington worked as the art editor. Years later, in 1935, Kennington was to serve as one of the six pallbearers at Lawrence's funeral.
In 1922 Kennington began to experiment with stone carving and soon undertook his first public commission, the War Memorial to the 24th Division in Battersea Park which was unveiled in October 1924. The same month he held his first exhibition which focused on sculpture rather than his paintings and drawings, although he continued to accept portrait commissions and other work. These included the original dust jacket design for George Bernard Shaw's book The Intelligent Woman's Guide to Socialism and Capitalism.
During the 1920s, Kennington worked on a frieze for the London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine intended to be situated above the School's Keppel Street entrance. The stone panel depicts a mother and child being protected from a fanged serpent by a nude, bearded, knife-wielding father. However, due to the prominent display of male genitalia, the trustees of the School would not allow it to be placed above the School's entrance unless Kennington added a well placed loin cloth. He refused and the work was placed above the entrance of the library where it remains. In 1966, when the library's mezzanine floor was constructed, a large crack formed and was subsequently painted to disguise the damage.
In 1922, Kennington married Edith Cecil, daughter of Lord Francis Horace Pierrepont Cecil (who was second son of William Cecil, 3rd Marquess of Exeter), with whom he had a son and a daughter. Edith, who was already married to William Hanbury-Tracy (5th Baron Sudeley), fell in love with Kennington while he was painting her husband's picture. They both remained good friends with Edith's ex-husband.
1930s
Throughout the late 1920s and the 1930s, Kennington produced a number of notable public sculptures,
September 1926; a bronze bust of T. E. Lawrence which in 1936 was unveiled in the crypt of St Paul's Cathedral
July 1929; three nine foot high stone figures of British soldiers for the Imperial War Graves Commission Memorial to the Missing, the Soissons Memorial
1931; statue of Thomas Hardy which was unveiled in Dorchester by J. M. Barrie on 2 September that year
September 1931; a series of five allegorical reliefs, entitled Love, Jollity, Treachery, War and Life & Death, on the Shakespeare Memorial Theatre building in Stratford on Avon.
December 1936; the Comet Inn pillar, Hatfield, Hertfordshire
1937-1939; a life-sized effigy, in Portland stone, of T. E. Lawrence for St Martin's Church, Wareham, Dorset.
Second World War
By November 1938 Kennington was certain that another World War was inevitable and he approached the Home Office with a proposal to establish a group to design camouflage schemes for large public buildings. Alongside Richard Carline, Leon Underwood and others he worked in a section attached to the Air Raid Precautions Department of the Home Office until war broke out.
At the start of the Second World War, Kennington produced a number of pastel portraits of Royal Navy officers for the War Artists' Advisory Committee (WAAC), on short-term contracts. These portraits were among the highlights of the first WAAC exhibition at the National Gallery in the summer of 1940. Kennington also painted a portrait of Admiral of the Fleet Sir Dudley Pound. Pound was seriously ill when Kennington sketched him and although the Admiralty were pleased with the image they refused permission for it to be displayed until after Pound died in October 1943. Kennington next painted several younger seamen, several of whom had survived shipwrecks. By May 1940 Kennington was frustrated by WAAC's lack of urgency in putting forward subjects for him to paint and resigned his contract. He joined the newly formed Home Guard and was given command of a six-man section at Ipsden.
In August 1940 the WAAC Committee offered him a full-time salaried contract to work for the Air Ministry, which he accepted. Among Kennington's first RAF portraits was one of Squadron Leader Roderick Learoyd VC. The sitting took place on the afternoon of 7 September 1940 at the Air Ministry building in London and was interrupted by an air-raid siren which, after Learoyd had looked outside to see where the German planes were heading, the two men ignored. By March 1941 Kennington was based at RAF Wittering, a Night Fighter base. Here, as well as portraits Kennington produced some more imaginative works, including In the Flare Path and Stevens' Rocket. Kennington next spent some time at Bomber Command bases in Norfolk before moving to RAF Ringway near Manchester where the Parachute Regiment were training. Although over-age, Kennington undertook at least one parachute jump at Ringwood. In September 1941 he self-published an illustrated booklet, Pilots, Workers, Machines to great acclaim.
Kennington continued to travel around Britain to produce hundreds of portraits of Allied flight crew and other service personnel until September 1942 when he resigned his commission because he felt that WAAC were failing to capitalise on the propaganda value of his work in their publications and posters. Some 52 of Kennington's RAF portraits were published in a 1942 WAAC book, Drawing the RAF. This was followed in 1943 with Tanks and Tank Folk, illustrations from Kennington's time with the 11th Armoured Division near Ripon in Yorkshire. In 1945 Kennington supplied the illustrations for Britain's Home Guard by John Brophy. Darracott and Loftus describe how in both wars "his drawings and letters show him to be an admirer of the heroism of ordinary men and women", an admiration which is particularly notable in the poster series "Seeing it Through", with poems by A. P. Herbert, a personal friend of his.
Post-war career
By the time the war ended over forty of the RAF pilots and aircrew whose portraits Kennington had painted had been killed in action. Kennington resolved to create a suitable memorial for them and over the next ten years, whilst also working on sculpture and portrait commissions, he patiently carved 1940, a column with the head of an RAF pilot topped by the Archangel Michael with a lance slaying a dragon. In 1946 Kennington was appointed as the official portrait painter to the Worshipful Company of Skinners. Over the next five years he produced nine pastel portraits for the company, which were highly praised when shown at the Royal Academy. In 1951 Kennington became an associate member of the Academy and was elected a full academician in 1959. His last work, which was completed on his death by his assistant Eric Stanford, was a stone relief panel that decorates the James Watt South Building in the University of Glasgow.
Kennington is buried in the churchyard in Checkendon, Oxfordshire, where he was churchwarden, and is commemorated on a memorial in Brompton Cemetery, London.
References
External links
1888 births
1960 deaths
Military personnel from London
20th-century British sculptors
20th-century English male artists
20th-century English painters
Alumni of the Lambeth School of Art
Artists from London
British Army personnel of World War I
British Home Guard soldiers
British war artists
Camoufleurs
English illustrators
English male painters
English portrait painters
English male sculptors
London Regiment soldiers
People educated at St Paul's School, London
People from Chelsea, London
Royal Academicians
World War I artists
World War II artists |
20479662 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A%20Space%20to%20Grow | A Space to Grow | A Space to Grow is a 1968 American short documentary film produced by Thomas P. Kelly Jr. about Upward Bound programs in Chicago. It was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Documentary Short.
See also
List of American films of 1968
References
External links
Watch A Space to Grow at the Chicago Film Archives
A Space to Grow at the National Archives and Records Administration
1968 films
1968 short films
1968 documentary films
English-language films
American short documentary films
1960s short documentary films
Documentary films about education in the United States
Documentary films about Chicago
American short films |
17338832 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Myauknaw | Myauknaw | Myauknaw is a village in Chipwi Township in Myitkyina District in the Kachin State of north-eastern Burma.
References
External links
Satellite map at Maplandia.com
Populated places in Kachin State
Chipwi Township |
17338835 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%20%26%20J | J & J | J & J or J and J may refer to:
Johnson & Johnson, an American multinational medical devices, pharmaceutical and consumer packaged goods manufacturer
J & J Snack Foods, an American food and beverage manufacturing and marketing conglomerate
J & J Ultralights, an American ultralight aircraft manufacturer
Jaffa–Jerusalem railway, a railroad that connected Jaffa and Jerusalem
Jamie Noble and Joey Mercury, an American wrestling tag team known as J&J Security
See also
JJ (disambiguation)
Jack and Jill (disambiguation) |
20479678 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tony%20Caso | Tony Caso | Tony Caso (Anthony Caso) is an American 1980s pop/dance music recording artist and, later, actor.
Career
Tony Caso began recording in the early 1980s, as Tony Caso and Salvation. His first single, "I Want To Dance With You" (1981), was issued on Lam Records. A second single, 'Hot Blooded Woman', was also issued in 1981.
Tony joined the Bobby O label in New York, recording in One Two Three and Waterfont Home. He had a number of singles throughout the 1980s:
All The Love In My Heart - 1983 (O Records)
Take A Chance (On Me) - 1984 (O Records)
Dancing in Heaven - 1985 (Memo Records)
Motorcycle Madness - 1986 (Eurobeat Records)
Desperate & Dangerous - 1987 (Eurobeat Records)
Love Attack - 1987 (Eurobeat Records)
Run To Me - 1987 (Eurobeat Records)
In the mid 1980s Caso began moving from recording to acting. He has appeared in numerous commercials, television shows and movies including the Sopranos and Goodfellas.
References
Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
American male pop singers |
6906424 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Academic%20library | Academic library | An academic library is a library that is attached to a higher education institution and serves two complementary purposes: to support the curriculum and the research of the university faculty and students. It is unknown how many academic libraries there are worldwide. An academic and research portal maintained by UNESCO links to 3,785 libraries. According to the National Center for Education Statistics, there are an estimated 3,700 academic libraries in the United States. In the past, the material for class readings, intended to supplement lectures as prescribed by the instructor, has been called reserves. In the period before electronic resources became available, the reserves were supplied as actual books or as photocopies of appropriate journal articles. Modern academic libraries generally also provide access to electronic resources.
Academic libraries must determine a focus for collection development since comprehensive collections are not feasible. Librarians do this by identifying the needs of the faculty and student body and the mission and academic programs of the college or university. When there are particular areas of specialization in academic libraries, these are often referred to as niche collections. These collections are often the basis of a special collection department and may include original papers, artwork, and artifacts written or created by a single author or about a specific subject.
There is a great deal of variation among academic libraries based on their size, resources, collections, and services. The Harvard University Library is considered to be the largest strict academic library in the world, although the Danish Royal Library—a combined national and academic library—has a larger collection. Another notable example is the University of the South Pacific which has academic libraries distributed throughout its twelve member countries. The University of California operates the largest academic library system in the world, managing more than 34 million items in 100 libraries on ten campuses.
History
United States
The first colleges in the United States were intended to train members of the clergy. The libraries associated with these institutions largely consisted of donated books on the subjects of theology and the classics. In 1766, Yale had approximately 4,000 volumes, second only to Harvard. Access to these libraries was restricted to faculty members and a few students: the only staff was a part-time faculty member or the president of the college. The priority of the library was to protect the books, not to allow patrons to use them. In 1849, Yale was open 30 hours a week, the University of Virginia was open nine hours a week, Columbia University four, and Bowdoin College only three. Students instead created literary societies and assessed entrance fees in order to build a small collection of usable volumes, often in excess of what the university library held.
Around the turn of the century, this approach began to change. The American Library Association (ALA) was formed in 1876, with members including Melvil Dewey and Charles Ammi Cutter. Libraries re-prioritized in favor of improving access to materials and found funding increasing as a result of increased demand for said materials.
Academic libraries today vary in regard to the extent to which they accommodate those who are not affiliated with their parent universities. Some offer reading and borrowing privileges to members of the public on payment of an annual fee; such fees can vary greatly. The privileges so obtained usually do not extend to such services as computer usage, other than to search the catalog, or Internet access. Alumni and students of cooperating local universities may be given discounts or other considerations when arranging for borrowing privileges. On the other hand, access to the libraries of some universities is absolutely restricted to students, faculty, and staff. Even in this case, they may make it possible for others to borrow materials through inter-library loan programs.
Libraries of land-grant universities generally are more accessible to the public. In some cases, they are official government document repositories and so are required to be open to the public. Still, members of the public are generally charged fees for borrowing privileges, and usually are not allowed to access everything they would be able to as students.
Canada
Academic libraries in Canada are a relatively recent development in relation to other countries. The very first academic library in Canada was opened in 1789 in Windsor, Nova Scotia. Academic libraries were significantly small during the 19th century and up until the 1950s when Canadian academic libraries began to grow steadily as a result of greater importance being placed on education and research. The growth of libraries throughout the 1960s was a direct result of many overwhelming factors including, inflated student enrollments, increased graduate programs, higher budget allowance, and general advocacy of the importance of these libraries. As a result of this growth and the Ontario New Universities Library Project that occurred during the early 1960s, five new universities were established in Ontario that all included fully catalogued collections. The establishment of libraries was widespread throughout Canada and was furthered by grants provided by the Canada Council and the Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council, which sought to enhance library collections. Since many academic libraries were constructed after World War Two, a majority of the Canadian academic libraries that were built before 1940 that have not been updated to modern lighting, air conditioning, etc., are either no longer in use or are on the verge of decline. The total number of college and university libraries increased from 31 in 1959–1960 to 105 in 1969–1970.
Following the growth of academic libraries in Canada during the 1960s, there was a brief period of sedation, which was a primary result of some major budgetary issues. These academic libraries were faced with cost issues relating to the recently developed service of interlibrary lending and the high costs of periodicals on acquisition budgets, which affected overall acquisition budgeting and, ultimately general collections. Canadian academic libraries faced consistent problems relating to insufficient collections and an overall lack of coordination among collections.
Academic libraries within Canada might not have flourished or continued to be strengthened without the help of outside organizations. The Ontario Council of University Libraries (OCUL) was established in 1967 to promote unity among Canadian academic libraries. The Ontario College and University Library Association (OCULA) is attached to the Ontario Library Association (OLA) and is concerned with representing academic librarians regarding issues shared in the academic library setting.
India
Modern academic libraries
Academic libraries have transformed in the 21st century to focus less on physical collection development and more on information access and digital resources. Today's academic libraries typically provide access to subscription-based online resources, including research databases and ebook collections, in addition to physical books and journals. Academic libraries also offer space for students to work and study, in groups or individually, on "silent floors" and reference and research help services, sometimes including virtual reference services. Some academic libraries lend out technology such as video cameras, iPads, and calculators. To reflect this changing focus, many academic libraries have remodeled as Learning Commons. Academic libraries and learning commons often house tutoring and writing centers and other academic services.
A major focus of modern academic libraries is information literacy instruction, with most American academic libraries employing a person or department of people dedicated primarily to instruction. Many academic institutions offer faculty status to librarians, and librarians are often expected to publish research in their field. Academic librarian positions in the United States usually require an MLIS degree from an ALA-accredited institution. The Association of College and Research Libraries is the largest academic library organization in the United States.
See also
Academic journal
Google Scholar and academic libraries
Internet search engines and libraries
Shadow library
Research library
Research Libraries Group
Research Libraries UK
Library assessment
Trends in library usage
Notes and references
Further reading
Bazillion, Richard J. & Braun, Connie (1995) Academic Libraries as High-tech Gateways: a guide to design and space decisions. Chicago: American Library Association
--do.-- --do.-- 2nd ed. --do.-- 2001
Jürgen Beyer, « Comparer les bibliothèques universitaires », Arbido newsletter 2012:8
Ellsworth, Ralph E. (1973) Academic library buildings: a guide to architectural issues and solutions 530 pp. Boulder: Associated University Press
Giustini, Dean (2011, 3 May) Canadian academic libraries' use of social media, 2011 update [Web log post]. Retrieved from https://web.archive.org/web/20110512080605/http://blogs.ubc.ca/dean/2011/05/canadian-academic-libraries-use-of-social-media-2011-update/
Hamlin, Arthur T. (1981). The University Library in the United States: Its Origins and Development. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press.
Hunt, C. J. (1993) "Academic library planning in the United Kingdom", in: British Journal of Academic Librarianship; vol. 8 (1993), pp. 3–16
Shiflett, Orvin Lee (1981). Origins of American Academic Librarianship. Norwood, N.J.: Ablex Pub. Corp.
Taylor, Sue, ed. (1995) Building libraries for the information age: based on the proceedings of a symposium on The Future of Higher Educational Libraries at the King's Manor, York 11–12 April 1994. York: Institute of Advanced Architectural Studies, University of York
Types of library |
17338836 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Myukhpyaw | Myukhpyaw | Myukhpyaw is a village in Chipwi Township in Myitkyina District in the Kachin State of north-eastern Burma.
References
External links
Satellite map at Maplandia.com
Populated places in Kachin State
Chipwi Township |
20479680 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soviet%E2%80%93Albanian%20Friendship%20Society | Soviet–Albanian Friendship Society | The Soviet–Albanian Friendship Society (Albanian: Shoqëria e miqësisë Shqipëri-Bashkimi Sovjetik, Russian: Общество советско-албанской дружбы) was an organization established in 1945 to facilitate cultural cooperation between the Soviet Union and Albania. From its founding until the Soviet-Yugoslav split in 1948 it had only limited influence in the country due to Yugoslavia's control over Albania's foreign policy. After the split the Society played an important role in promoting Soviet culture and norms in Albania through establishing courses for teaching Albanians the Russian language, introducing Soviet methods of work in industry and other fields, providing lectures, artistic performances and the distribution of Soviet materials and books in the Albanian language.
In August 1950 it had a membership of 50,000, which was raised to 154,000 by the next year. Tuk Jakova was President of the Society, succeeded by Bedri Spahiu in June 1951 who was in turn succeeded by Hysni Kapo on August 15, 1955. The Society became inactive on the Albanian side as a result of the Soviet–Albanian split, but in the Soviet Union itself it was gradually made more active in the 1980s as the Soviet Government sought to reestablish diplomatic relations with Albania, which was achieved in 1990.
References
Albania friendship associations
Soviet state institutions
Soviet Union friendship associations
Albania–Soviet Union relations |
20479691 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NH%2077 | NH 77 | NH 77 may refer to:
National Highway 77 (India)
New Hampshire Route 77, United States |
17338845 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nahpaung | Nahpaung | Nahpaung is a village in Chipwi Township in Myitkyina District in the Kachin State of north-eastern Burma.
References
External links
Satellite map at Maplandia.com
Populated places in Kachin State
Chipwi Township |
20479694 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A%20Way%20Out%20of%20the%20Wilderness | A Way Out of the Wilderness | A Way Out of the Wilderness is a 1968 American short documentary film produced by Dan E. Weisburd. It was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Documentary Short. The film was preserved by the Academy Film Archive in 2011.
See also
List of American films of 1968
References
External links
Watch A Way Out of the Wilderness at the United States National Library of Medicine
1968 films
1960s short documentary films
1968 short films
1968 documentary films
English-language films
American short documentary films |
17338850 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nakyam | Nakyam | Nakyam is a village in Chipwi Township in Myitkyina District in the Kachin State of north-eastern Burma.
References
External links
Satellite map at Maplandia.com
Populated places in Kachin State
Chipwi Township |
20479715 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle%20of%20Vyborg%20Bay | Battle of Vyborg Bay | Battle of Vyborg Bay can refer to three battles:
Battle of Vyborg Bay (1790), between Russia and Sweden during the Russo-Swedish War (1788–90)
Battle of Vyborg (1918), when Vyborg was captured by the Whites from the Reds during the Finnish Civil War
Battle of Vyborg Bay (1944), between the Soviet Union and Finland during World War II |
17338871 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ramblewood%2C%20Baltimore | Ramblewood, Baltimore | Ramblewood is a small community located in northeast Baltimore, Maryland, United States. Ramblewood is located south of Northern Parkway with The Alameda serving as its western boundary and Loch Raven Blvd. as its eastern boundary and north of Belvedere Ave. The Ramblewood Community Association has had residential parking permits issued to its members as the result of the proliferation of students from Morgan parking in the neighborhood.
Demographics
According to the 2000 US Census, 2020 people live in Ramblewood with 86.9% African-American and 9.7% White. The median household income is $51,103. 92.7% of the houses are occupied and 75.8 are occupied by the home's owner.
See also
List of Baltimore neighborhoods
Notes
Neighborhoods in Baltimore
Northeast Baltimore |
20479730 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norwegian%20Institute%20for%20Social%20Research | Norwegian Institute for Social Research | The Norwegian Institute for Social Research (, ISF) is a private social science research institute based in Oslo, Norway.
It was founded in 1950 by Vilhelm Aubert, Arne Næss, Eirik Rinde, and Stein Rokkan. It publishes the journal Tidsskrift for samfunnsforskning.
The institute is divided into five research fields, each with its own research director. They are Bernt Aardal (Political institutions, voting and public opinion), Erling Barth (Employment and working conditions), Mari Teigen (Gender and society), Bernard Enjolras (Civil society in transition) and Hilde Lidén (International migration, integration and ethnic relations). In total, the institute has 52 employees.
References
Official website
Research institutes in Norway
Education in Oslo
Independent research institutes
Social science institutes |
17338875 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ray%20of%20light%20%28disambiguation%29 | Ray of light (disambiguation) | Ray of light is an abstract model of light used in optics.
Ray of light may also refer to:
Light beam, a narrow beam of light
Crepuscular rays, rays of sunlight
Music
Ray of Light, a 1998 album by Madonna
"Ray of Light" (song)
Ray of Light (Michael Wong album) (2002)
"Rays of Light" (Broiler song) (2014)
Other uses
A Ray of Light, a 1960 Spanish musical film starring Marisol
The Ray of Light, painting in the Louvre, Paris
Ray of Light (sculpture), a public artwork in Redwood City, California
Ray of Light Theatre
See also
Sunray (disambiguation) |
20479761 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jon%20Hustad | Jon Hustad | Jon Ottar Hustad (born 25 March 1968) is a Norwegian journalist, writer and lector in history.
Hustad was born in Bondalen, Ørsta. He currently (2009) works in Dag og Tid. He worked for Klassekampen from 2002 to 2003 and 2004 to 2007, and Morgenbladet from 2003 to 2004. His non-fiction books include Skolen som forsvann (2002), Hjørundfjorden (2005) and Varsleren (2006). He has a cand.philol. degree from 1997.
Bibliography
Hustad has written several non-fiction books:
Skolen som forsvann (2002)
14 menn og ei kvinne (2004)
Hjørundfjorden (2005)
Varsleren (2006)
Gjeldsslaven Europa (2012)
References
1968 births
Living people
Norwegian journalists
Norwegian non-fiction writers |
17338878 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%A9l%C3%A9%20Match | Télé Match | Télé Match was one of the first gameshows on French television. It was created in 1954 by André Gillois, Pierre Bellemare and Jacques Antoine, broadcast on TF1, at that time the sole television channel of RTF, and presented by Pierre Bellemare.
References
1954 French television series debuts
1961 French television series endings
French game shows
1950s French television series
1960s French television series |
20479765 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National%20Highway%2077%20%28India%2C%20old%20numbering%29 | National Highway 77 (India, old numbering) | National Highway 77 is a National Highway of India entirely within the state of Bihar that links Hajipur to Sonbarsa near India-Nepal border, and is long.
See also
National Highway
List of National Highways
National Highways Development Project
The National Highway has very important from commercial Point view as it connects North Bihar with South Bihar. It also important because it directly connects south Bihar with the International Border of Nepal.
References
77
National highways in India (old numbering) |
17338916 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bungal%20Bugti | Bungal Bugti | Bungal Bugti () was a Baloch politician from Sim Shah, Dera Bugti District, Balochistan, Pakistan. Bungal Bugti was former ally of Nawab Akbar Shahbaz Khan Bugti. Bungal Bugti was killed on May 9, 2008 when his car blew up. It has been reported that the militants of Balochistan Liberation Army carried out the attack.
See also
Bungan Bugti
Year of birth missing
2008 deaths
People from Dera Bugti District
Assassinated Pakistani politicians
Baloch people
People murdered in Balochistan, Pakistan |
6906443 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Froggy%20%28brand%29 | Froggy (brand) | Froggy is a brand name radio format used for a variety of radio stations in the United States, most of which broadcast a country music format, with a few playing adult contemporary. (There was, however, an oldies-themed "Froggy" in Erie, Pennsylvania: the former WFGO; that station has since changed format and calls in 2007. Another oldies-based Froggy station, KFGI in Austin, Texas, changed formats in 1994.) Although the frog logo is shared among these stations, most of them are not associated with one another. The "Froggy" branding is particularly common among country stations currently or formerly owned by Forever Broadcasting or Forever Communications and Keymarketradio LLC.
Origin
The Froggy format was conceived by Kirby Confer in 1988. Previously, Confer created a variety of country radio station brands such as "Kissin'" (KSSN in Little Rock, Arkansas) and "Beaver" (WBVR-FM in Bowling Green, Kentucky). "Froggy" was first installed on WFRG-FM in Utica, New York on February 1, 1988 with the branding "96 Frog". (The format and call letters have since switched frequencies and the station is now known as "Big Frog 104".) Other Froggy stations soon followed, including KFRG in Riverside-San Bernardino, California and WFGY in Altoona, Pennsylvania. For his work in developing the Froggy format, Confer was inducted into the Pennsylvania Radio Broadcasters Hall of Fame in 2003 and the Country Radio Hall of Fame in 2016.
General theme
The Froggy branded radio station uses jargon saturated with frog-related puns. Station disc jockey pseudonyms and program elements bear names making reference to things such as where the frog lives (in a pond), how a frog moves (hops), what noise a frog makes (cricket or ribbit), and other words that are related to frogs.
Examples of the "Froggy" theme use words like the following:
"Hop-Line", "Frogcast", "Froggy Fotos", "Local Hoppenings", "Hoppy Birthday", "Froggy Fun Fones", "Froggyland", "in the swamp".
Some of the stations incorporate the lingo into their coverage area. For example, WFGE in State College, Pennsylvania refers to Happy Valley, the area in and around State College, as "Hoppy Valley". Most also call their coverage area "Froggyland".
An occasional "ribbit" between songs is used sometimes as a sweeper or in lieu of a jingle or dry segue.
Listeners are encouraged to contact the station: "give us a ribbit on the hoplines".
WFRG-FM in Utica, New York used to close out its weather "frogcast" with a jingle that sang "you sing 10 songs in a row and you're such a good friend of mine", to the tune of Three Dog Night's "Joy To The World", whose first line was "Jeremiah was a bullfrog".
A few Froggy stations in Pennsylvania used a parody of "Mercury Blues": "Hey now Froggy/You sound so fine/Ridin' 'round in my Merc'y 49/Crazy 'bout my Froggy/I'm crazy 'bout my Froggy/Gonna turn up my Froggy, cruisin' up and down the road, uh-huh". These are called "Froggy Songs" that most stations play periodically throughout the day. WFGS in Murray, Kentucky previously offered some of the Froggy songs as free ringtones.
Logo
For the most part, the logo of a "Froggy" branded radio station is a smiling green frog. The font, color, position and angles can vary, however, the frog is generally green with a red tongue. The variations on the logo include the radio station's frequency as well as whether it is referred to as "Frog", "Big Frog", or "Froggyland".
DJ monikers
Many DJs at Froggy-branded stations (known as "frog jocks") use pseudonyms that reflect the branding:
KVOX-FM in Fargo, North Dakota: Hopalong Cassidy, Anne Phibian, Hoppy Gilmore, Lilly Pad, Pete Moss, Jeremiah Bullfrog
WFGY in Altoona, Pennsylvania: Frogman, Kellie Green, Tad Pole, Polly Wogg, Pete Moss, James Pond
WFGE in State College, Pennsylvania: Boss Frog, Ann Phibian, Skeeter, Hopper, Sally Mander, Swampy
WFGS in Murray, Kentucky: Marty McFlies, Gracie Hopper, Heather McRibbits, Kenny Lake
WFRG-FM in Utica, New York: Annie Croakley, David Hopperfield, Joey Buttafroggo, Bean Pole, I. B. Green, Elvis Frogsley, Catfish Crawford
WFRY-FM in Watertown, New York: James Pond & Cricket, Webb Foote, Bud Green, Jumpin' Jay, Pete Moss, Croakin' O Brian, Annie Croakley, Swim Mcgraw
WOGY in Jackson, Tennessee: Tad Pole, Al Gee, Cricket
Many of the Froggy stations that have the country format use the syndicated evening program Lia, often putting "Leapin'" in front of her name to "frogify" her.
List of "Froggy" stations
In other media
The "Froggy" moniker is regularly lampooned on the Glenn Beck Program; Beck's alter ego, "Flap Jackson", is the morning jock at the fictional "109.9 The Big Frog".
On the US television series The Office, there is a Froggy 101 bumper sticker on the wall behind the reception desk and file cabinet, next to the desk of Dwight Schrute. The Office is set in Scranton, Pennsylvania, where WGGY uses the moniker "Froggy 101".
See also
KISS-FM, a top 40 radio brand owned by iHeartMedia
Jack FM, an adult hits radio brand
Bob FM, an adult hits radio brand
WEBN, a rock station in Cincinnati that had a frog mascot named Tree B. Frog
WIVK-FM, a country station in Knoxville, Tennessee that uses a frog as its logo, but a different "Froggy" package from other stations
References
External links
American radio networks
Franchised radio formats |
17338919 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nalaw | Nalaw | Nalaw is a village in Chipwi Township in Myitkyina District in the Kachin State of north-eastern Burma.
References
External links
Satellite map at Maplandia.com
Populated places in Kachin State
Chipwi Township |
20479767 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/An%20Impression%20of%20John%20Steinbeck%3A%20Writer | An Impression of John Steinbeck: Writer | An Impression of John Steinbeck: Writer is a 1969 American short documentary film directed by Donald Wrye, about John Steinbeck. It was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Documentary Short.
See also
Henry Fonda filmography
References
External links
An Impression of John Steinbeck: Writer at the National Archives and Records Administration
1969 films
1960s short documentary films
1969 independent films
American short documentary films
American independent films
Documentary films about writers
English-language films
Films directed by Donald Wrye
John Steinbeck |
17338927 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nang-u | Nang-u | Nang-u is a village in Chipwi Township in Myitkyina District in the Kachin State of north-eastern Burma.
References
External links
Satellite map at Maplandia.com
Populated places in Kachin State
Chipwi Township |
6906469 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erythrophleum%20chlorostachys | Erythrophleum chlorostachys | Erythrophleum chlorostachys is a species of leguminous tree endemic to northern Australia, from northeastern Queensland to the Kimberley region of Western Australia. Commonly known as Cooktown ironwood, the species is found in wide range of environments from arid savanna to tropical rainforest. The species is a beautiful source of timber, which is exceptionally hard and dense as well as being highly termite resistant. The eastern dragon shaped heartwood skeletons of the Cooktown Ironwood resisting natural degradation add wonder to their landscapes.
Ironwood is semi-deciduous, dropping much of its foliage in response to the prolonged winter dry periods which are the norm within its native range. The foliage of the tree contains toxic levels of alkaloids and has been responsible for numerous deaths of both cattle and horses.
Virtually all culturally modified trees in Eucalyptus tetrodonta woodland on Cape York Peninsula are Cooktown ironwoods. Most of these are 'sugar bag scars' where Aboriginal people have cut through the cambium into the heartwood of the tree to remove honey from native bees. Scars have been made using both stone axes (in pre-contact times) and steel axes (post-contact). These have particular significance to Aboriginal people as the tangible representation of past cultural practices. The large number of hollows found in Cooktown ironwoods at Kakadu National Park are also likely to be culturally modified trees (e.g. Taylor 2002 Figure 6.8).
References
Boland, D.J., Brooker M.I.H, Chippendale, G.M., Hall, N., Hyland, B.P.M., Johnstone, R.D., Kleinig, D.A., Turner, J.D. (1984). "Forest trees of Australia." CSIRO. Melbourne.
Dunlop, C.R., Leach, G.J. and Cowie, I.D. (1995). "Flora of the Darwin region. 2." Conservation Commission of the Northern Territory. Darwin.
Morrison, M., McNaughton, D. and Shiner, J. (2010). "Mission-Based Indigenous Production at the Weipa Presbyterian Mission, Western Cape York Peninsula (1932-66)". International Journal of Historical Archaeology 14:86-111.
Taylor, R. (2002). "Ironwood Erythrophleum chlorostachys in the Northern Territory: aspects of its ecology in relation to timber harvesting". Report to Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry, Australia.
chlorostachys
Fabales of Australia
Flora of Queensland
Flora of the Northern Territory
Rosids of Western Australia
Trees of Australia
Drought-tolerant trees
Taxa named by Ferdinand von Mueller |
17338956 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oslo%20Package%203 | Oslo Package 3 | Oslo Package 3 is a political agreement and plan for investments of in Oslo and Akershus, Norway. It involves financing for road and public transport infrastructure, as well as operating subsidies to public transport in the period 2008–27. It will be part of the National Transport Plan 2010–19. In addition to state grant, the main financing will be through toll ring around Oslo. The plan is a follow-up on its predecessors, the Oslo Package 1 and Oslo Package 2.
Public transport projects
Upgrade of the Common Tunnel of the Oslo Metro
New Homansbyen Station on the metro
Building of Hasle Line and Løren Station on the metro
189 new MX3000 electric multiple units for the metro
Extension of the Furuset Line to Akershus University Hospital
Extension of the Ekeberg Line to Hauketo
Highway projects
Norwegian National Road 168 Røa Tunnel
Norwegian National Road 4 Bjørvika–Økern
Norwegian National Road 4, Fossum Diagonal
Norwegian National Road 150 Nydal Junction
European Route E18, Asker–Skøyen
European Route E6, Manglerud Tunnel
European Route E18, Mossevei Tunnel
Environmental impact
Although Oslo Package 3 has been presented as an environmental project that will save the public transport in the Oslo area, doubt has been raised as to the actual impact of the project. In a report ordered by the Norwegian Society of Chartered Scientific and Academic Professionals by the consulting company Civitas that the emission of greenhouse gases will increase with 50% in the period 1991–2025 with Oslo Package 3, despite the Oslo City Council having voted to reduce emissions with 50% from 1990-level by 2030.
References
External links
Oslo Package 3 in NTP
Aftenposten Aften on Oslo Package 3
Norwegian Public Roads Administration page on Oslo Package 3
Norwegian Public Roads Administration main report on Oslo Package 3, October 2006
Transport in Oslo
Transport in Akershus |
6906486 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Time%20for%20Yesterday | Time for Yesterday | Time For Yesterday is a science fiction novel by American writer A. C. Crispin set in the fictional Star Trek Universe. It is a sequel to Crispin's earlier novel, Yesterday's Son, and describes a second encounter between the crew of the USS Enterprise and Spock's son, Zar.
The two books followed the original series episode "All Our Yesterdays", and Time For Yesterday is subtitled The Yesterday Saga, Book 2.
Plot summary
The Guardian of Forever has malfunctioned and is emitting waves of accelerated time that are causing premature star deaths throughout the galaxy. After Spock recalls that his son Zar was once able to communicate telepathically with the Guardian, the Enterprise is placed under the temporary command of Admiral Kirk and detailed to transport a powerful telepath to the Guardian. The telepath manages to partially restore the Guardian's time travel functions but collapses in a comatose state. Using the Guardian, Kirk, Spock, and Dr. McCoy travel into the past of the planet Sarpeidon to find Zar, hoping that his powerful telepathy combined with Vulcan shield training will allow him to successfully restore the Guardian to its normal state.
They find Zar in charge of a small, technologically advanced settlement that is about to engage in a battle with an alliance of less advanced but more numerous enemy clans. His death in the coming battle has been foretold by the priestess Wynn, the daughter of one of the enemy clan chiefs, who declares that the alliance will be denied victory only if "he who is halt walks healed" and "he who is death-struck in battle rises whole." "He who is halt" clearly refers to Zar, who walks with a painful limp because of a leg injury he suffered many years before. In order to increase his city's odds of survival, Zar has Wynn kidnapped and betrothed, forcing her father to change sides. The Enterprise men manage to convince him to come back with them and deal with the Guardian, although he insists that he will return afterward to fight in the battle despite the prophecy.
Zar successfully melds with the Guardian and returns its consciousness to its physical structure, along with a burst of energy that turns out to be several beings of pure energy. The Guardian explains that it abandoned its duties to search for its Creators, who long ago evolved into beings of pure energy and entered another dimension. Its fundamental programming required it to answer their summons and bring them home, and the resource drain connected to the search resulted in its apparent malfunction. The Creators are immensely old and senile, and wish to find their home system to die there; but they have forgotten where it is. The Creators assume the form of people drawn from the memories of the Enterprise men in order to converse with them. While some of the beings act in a benevolent manner, a few seem capricious and cruel, and even completely deranged. Eventually, Kirk and the others manage to convince them that their search would endanger intelligent life throughout the galaxy, and they re-enter another dimension via the Guardian. The Guardian, with the assistance of Zar and Spock, is able to force the remaining, less rational Creators to comply.
McCoy convinces Zar to undergo treatment and physical therapy aboard the Enterprise, healing his limp and giving him a greater chance of survival in the coming battle. Zar achieves peak physical condition and is able to walk normally again, fulfilling the first half of Wynn's prophecy. When he returns to Sarpeidon's past, Spock follows him, intending to help save him in the battle. Spock is unable to prevent the death-blow from landing, although he deflects it slightly, and Zar is unconscious but still alive. In order to fulfill the second half of the prophecy, Spock puts on Zar's armor and shows himself to the army, leading them to believe their leader has risen whole from being "death-struck".
Upon seeing this, most of the remaining clans surrender and Zar's army wins the battle. After ensuring that Zar will survive the blow and leaving him to Wynn's care, Spock returns to the present.
Characters
Mr. Spock
Zar
Captain James T. Kirk
Dr. Leonard McCoy
Wynn
Guardian of Forever
Audio version
The book is available in an audiobook adaptation read by James Doohan and Leonard Nimoy.
Release details
1988, USA, Pocket Books , April 1988, Softcover
Background
Crispin said that of the four Star Trek novels she wrote, Time for Yesterday was the one of which she was most proud, "because it was a prequel to Wrath of Khan, my favorite Trek film. Also, it was fun to write a love story for Zar."
Reception
Ellen Cheeseman-Meyer of Tor.com described the "Yesterday Saga" as "both precious and hilarious."
References
External links
Time For Yesterday at Memory Alpha, the Star Trek wiki
1988 American novels
Novels based on Star Trek: The Original Series
Novels by Ann C. Crispin |
17338962 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles%20Gwynn | Charles Gwynn | Major General Sir Charles William Gwynn, KCB, CMG, DSO, FRGS (4 February 1870 – 12 February 1963) was an Irish born British Army officer, geographer, explorer and author of works on military history and theory.
Birth and education
Charles William Gwynn was the fourth son of John Gwynn (1827–1917), Regius Professor of Divinity at Trinity College, Dublin, and his wife, Lucy Josephine (1840–1907) daughter of the Irish nationalist William Smith O'Brien. He was born at Ramelton, County Donegal, while his father was rector of the local church. He was educated at St. Columba's College, Dublin and at the Royal Military Academy, Woolwich.
Military career
Gwynn was commissioned a second lieutenant in the Royal Engineers on 15 February 1889.
Promoted to lieutenant on 15 February 1892, he saw active service in West Africa 1893–94 in operations against the Sofas, and in 1897 joined the geographical section of the Intelligence Branch of the War Office. Following the reconquest of Sudan from the Mahdi, Gwynn undertook survey work there, remaining until 1904. He was promoted to captain on 15 February 1900, received a brevet promotion to major on the following day, and was appointed a Companion of the Order of St Michael and St George (CMG) for his survey work determining the Ethiopia-Sudan controversial border. He attended the Staff College, Camberley from 1905 to 1906.
In June 1911, he was detailed to Australia as an instructor at the Royal Military College, Duntroon, where he served as the director of military art, instructing cadets in tactics, strategy and military history, with the local rank of lieutenant colonel. During much of his time there he acted as Commandant while the head of the College, Brigadier General W.T. Bridges, was away on tour. With the outbreak of World War I, he returned to England, where he unsuccessfully sought a posting to France. In July 1915, he was sent to the Middle East and was appointed General staff Officer Grade 1 (GSO1) of the Australian 2nd Division at Gallipoli. He was eventually posted to serve as the Chief of Staff of the II Anzac Corps, a position he held until the end of the war. He was present at the battle of Messines in June 1917. His brother, Stephen, and Stephen's son, Dennis, also served in the Great War.
Gwynn was appointed a Companion of the Order of the Bath in 1918. During the Great War he was mentioned in dispatches six times, received the brevet ranks of lieutenant-colonel and colonel, and was awarded the Belgian Croix de Guerre and the French Légion d'honneur.
After World War I, he served in a variety of staff assignments, culminating in May 1926 when he was made Commandant of the Staff College, Camberley. Upon his retirement in 1931, he was appointed a Knight Commander of the Order of the Bath.
Later life
After his retirement, in 1934, Major General Gwynn wrote Imperial Policing, now regarded as a classic in the field of low intensity conflict and small wars.
Family
In 1904 Gwynn married Mary ("Molly") Armstrong, widow of Lieutenant Lowry Armstrong of the Royal Navy. Molly Gwynn had a daughter by her first husband, named Margery Armstrong. Charles Gwynn had no children. Molly Gwynn died in 1951. Charles Gwynn spent his final years in Dublin, where he died in 1963 at the age of 93.
Personal characteristics
Gwynn was of medium height and wiry in build. He had a slight stammer.
Publications by Charles Gwynn
The Frontiers of Abyssinia: a retrospect Journal of the Royal African Society, Vol. 36, No. 143 (Apr. 1937), pp. 150–161
Imperial Policing London: Macmillan, 1934
The Second Great War: A Standard History (9 volumes, The Waverley Book Company Ltd in association with The Amalgamated Press, 1939-1946, edited by Sir John Hammerton), as Military Editor.
Photographs
References
External links
British Army Officers 1939−1945
Imperial Policing
1870 births
1963 deaths
British Army major generals
Knights Commander of the Order of the Bath
Companions of the Order of St Michael and St George
Companions of the Distinguished Service Order
Fellows of the Royal Geographical Society
English explorers
Explorers of Africa
Irish people of World War I
British Army personnel of World War I
People from County Down
Royal Engineers officers
Graduates of the Staff College, Camberley
Graduates of the Royal Military Academy, Woolwich
Commandants of the Staff College, Camberley |
6906505 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South%20Puget%20Sound%20Community%20College | South Puget Sound Community College | South Puget Sound Community College is a public community college in southwest Olympia, Washington. The college contains and is serving about 5,300 full and part-time students as of the fall 2020 quarter.
The school offers transfer associate degree programs, transition studies program, professional technical programs, and corporate and continuing education programs. As of fall 2020, SPSCC offers 78 degrees and certificates in 30 areas. It also offers short-term study abroad program designed by the Washington State Community College Consortium for Study Abroad (WCCCSA).
In 2021, SPSCC was named among the nations' 150 best community colleges by the Aspen Institute, which is determined by student outcomes in learning, completion rates, employments rates and incomes, and equity.
History
South Puget Sound Community College was established in 1962 as Olympia Vocational Technical Institute (OVTI) located at the old Montgomery Ward Building in downtown Olympia. The Olympia school board had been working since 1957 to widen education opportunity in the Olympia area for adults, originally via classes offered at Olympia High School. By 1966, technical training expanded to 14 fields in respect to Olympia citizens' requests. The Community College Act of 1967 gave the Olympia Vocational Institute the option to either remain with Olympia School District or to merge into the community college system. The school decided to join the community college system, merging into district 12 under the control of Centralia Community College, becoming Olympia Technical Community College (OTCC) in 1976.
By 1982, a few hundred students were first awarded Associate of Arts Degree and more programs were added at the school. In 1984, college was renamed South Puget Sound Community College to reflect its progressive record.
Academics
Transfer Degrees
Many SPSCC students transfer to a 4-year university or college as a college junior after earning an Associate’s Degree with 90 credits at SPSCC. Under the direct transfer agreement (DTA), many Washington State colleges, out-of-state colleges accept DTA degree. In the year 2017-2018, 77% of DTA graduates have transferred to public institutions in Washington states, 11% transferred to out-of-state public institutions, and 10% transferred to other private institutions. Direct transfer degree includes Associate in Arts, Associate in Biology, Associate in Business, Associate in Computer Science, Associate in Music, Associate in Nursing, and Associate in Pre Nursing. In addition to those direct transfer degrees, an Associate in Science degree is also offered.
Transition Studies Program
Transition Studies Program courses includes Adult Basic Education (ABE), Integrated Basic Education and Skills Training program (I-BEST), HS+ (High School+), GED preparation classes, and the English as a Second Language (ESL) program.
Professional Technical Program
The Professional Technical Program offers 20 programs designed for gaining technical skills for future careers or to prepare for a new career. After the completion of the program, students can earn Associate in Applied Science degree or a certification.
Corporate and Continuing Education
The Corporate and Continuing Education program offers classes that are dedicated to specific skills such as consulting, personal training, and start-up training for students to learn and acquire in accordance with their interests.
Student media
A student-led magazine, The Sounds, is provided approximately once a month, throughout the school. The change from newspaper to magazine happened in 2019. The Sounds provides news related to Campus life, Community, Arts & Entertainment, and Op-ed.
Hawks Prairie Campus (Lacey Campus)
A satellite campus (referred to as the Hawks Prairie Campus) was located in the neighboring city of Lacey at the Hawks Prairie center until spring of 2015. It has since been replaced by the new Lacey Campus. As well as the programs offered at the Olympia campus, it also offers for-credit courses, and courses that are oriented to varying quarterly and real-life themes. In addition, Center for Business and Innovation (CB&I), dedicated to promoting Business innovation and growth is located in the Lacey campus.
Athletics
South Puget Sound Community College competes in the Northwest Athletic Conference (NWAC) as the Clippers, fielding a men's and women's soccer team, a women's volleyball team and men's and women's teams for basketball.
In 2021, women's soccer team was introduced to SPSCC by the Clipper Athletics Program.
In 2021, students from Women's Volleyball and Men's Soccer were selected for the Northwest Athletic Conference (NWAC) West Region All-Star Teams.
References
External links
Official website
Community colleges in Washington (state)
Universities and colleges in Olympia, Washington |
6906510 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raid%20%28band%29 | Raid (band) | Raid were a Tennessee based straight edge hardcore punk band that formed after the break-up of the hardcore band One Way. Raid were a part of the Hardline subculture, which combined the tenets of straight edge (a no drugs, no alcohol lifestyle) with militant veganism and environmentalism.
History
Along with the Californian band Vegan Reich and the English band, Statement, Raid helped pioneer the vegan straight edge movement and the hardline lifestyle and ideology.
Their lyrics strongly expressed of their stance against drugs, alcohol, abortion, sexism and racism, and for animal liberation and radical ecology. Their output started as fairly conventional hardcore punk, which gradually evolved to incorporate elements of heavy metal and they effectively became spokesmen for the Hardline movement.
In 1989, they self-released a demo tape and this led to a seven-inch EP called Words of War a year later through Vegan Reich's own label, Hardline Records. The band split as they moved away from the straight edge lifestyle, but not before recording one last session. The recordings were released by Hardline Records as the posthumous Above The Law LP and CD in 1994. This was later re-released in 1995 by Victory Records as the Hands Off the Animals CD.
Members
Steve Lovett – vocals
Jason VanAuken – guitars
Chad Cathy – guitars
Mark Whitlock – bass
Steve Capehart – drums
Discography
Albums
Above the Law (1992)
EPs
Demo (1989)
Words of War (1989)
Hands off the Animals (1995)
See also
Hardline (subculture)
Animal rights and punk subculture
References
External links
Interview at Scribd
Hardcore punk groups from Tennessee
American metalcore musical groups
Straight edge groups
Victory Records artists |
17338969 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pierre%20Bellemare | Pierre Bellemare | Pierre Bellemare (21 October 1929 – 26 May 2018) was a French writer, novelist, radio personality, television presenter, TV producer, director, and actor.
Television
J'ai un Secret : (26 September 1982 – 18 December 1983)
Les Grosses Têtes : (February 1990 – March 1996)
Le Bigdil : (2 February 1998 – 23 July 2004) – Anthony, the bison
Drôle de jeu : (March 1998 – June 1999) – Anthony, the bison
Crésus : (4 July 2005 – 1 September 2006) – mister Ghost
En toutes lettres : (September 2009 – June 2011) – the animator with Julien Courbet.
Bibliography
DAVID, Jean-Marie. "Bellemare, Pierre". In Dictionnaire des littératures policières (vol. 1, A-I), under the direction of Claude Mesplède. Nantes : Joseph K., nov. 2007, p. 197. (Temps noir).
Filmography
Radio
Since 2013 : Les pieds dans le plat on Europe 1
References
External links
Official site
Biography
1929 births
2018 deaths
People from Boulogne-Billancourt
Burials at Père Lachaise Cemetery
20th-century French male actors
French radio personalities
French television presenters
French television producers
French male television actors
French crime fiction writers
Writers from Île-de-France
20th-century French non-fiction writers
20th-century French male writers
21st-century French non-fiction writers
21st-century French male actors
French male film actors
French male novelists |
6906525 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toula%2C%20Zgharta | Toula, Zgharta | Toula () is a small village in North Lebanon in Zgharta District (or Quadaa). It is above sea level and is primarily a recreational village. Descendants of the original full-time residents of Toula do not reside in Toula during the winter months. Heavy snow fall typically makes Toula's mountainous roads inaccessible. However, Toula's original families occupied the village on a year-round basis. Settling families and early residents developed a climatic tolerance and adapted to Toula's harsh winter months.
Demographics
Toula has an estimated approximate population of 1,000. The last national census was conducted in 1932.
At the beginning of the 20th century, similar to other Lebanese towns and cities, these village residents emigrated to different locations around the world. Significant numbers have emigrated to the United States of America, Canada, Australia, Argentina, Brazil and other countries. A distinctive percentage of current village residents have achieved secondary education and professional school levels. [cite pending] Census reports indicated that a high proportion of these residents hold professional degrees in medicine, law, engineering and education. Additionally, numerous business entrepreneurs are village residents.
Economy
Toula's topography has earned the village a country-wide reputation for its productive fertile soil. Fertile soil and climatic conditions together, produce high quality agricultural products. Representative products are tomatoes, cucumbers, apples, pears, apricots, and grapes. Residents also produce an alcoholic beverage made from high grade varieties of grapes and anise. The alcoholic distilled beverage Arak is produced primarily for use by residents. The aniseed-flavored Arak is the national, cultural drink of Lebanon.
Religion
The village population consists almost exclusively of Lebanese Maronite Catholics, who staunchly preserve their Maronite heritage founded under St. Charbel of Lebanon.
The patron saint of Toula is known as Saint Assia (مار أسيا) . Toulanians build a church in its honor in the middle of the village.
The village is popular for its Saint Assia annual summer festival, held the last Sunday of September. The Saint Assia summer festival is celebrated with an outdoor party, where Arak, Lebanese cultural dancing, tolling the St. Assia Church bell and cultural cuisine, Hrissi, are a part of the festivities.
See also
Arbet Kozhaya
External links
Toula - Aslout, Localiban
Toula Museum of Australia Inc.
Toula Blog
on Zgharta.com
Photos of Toula
Ehden Family Tree
Zgharta District
Populated places in the North Governorate
Maronite Christian communities in Lebanon |
17338974 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bungan%20Bugti | Bungan Bugti | Bungan Bugti () was a Baloch politician from Sui, Dera Bugti District, Balochistan, Pakistan. Bungan Bugti was former ally of Nawab Akbar Shahbaz Khan Bugti. Bungan Bugti was killed on 2007 by a bomb blast. It has been reported that the militants of Balochistan Liberation Army carried out the attack.
See also
Bungal Bugti
People from Dera Bugti District
Assassinated Pakistani politicians
Baloch people
People murdered in Balochistan, Pakistan
2007 deaths
Year of birth missing |
17338989 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Napok | Napok | Napok is a village in Chipwi Township in Myitkyina District in the Kachin State of north-eastern Burma.
References
External links
Satellite map at Maplandia.com
Populated places in Kachin State
Chipwi Township |
17338995 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nasup | Nasup | Nasup is a village in Chipwi Township in Myitkyina District in the Kachin State of north-eastern Burma.
References
External links
Satellite map at Maplandia.com
Populated places in Kachin State
Chipwi Township |
17338998 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nayang%2C%20Myanmar | Nayang, Myanmar | Nayang is a village in Chipwi Township in Myitkyina District in the Kachin State of north-eastern Burma.
References
External links
Satellite map at Maplandia.com
Populated places in Kachin State
Chipwi Township |
17339008 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ngamaw | Ngamaw | Ngamaw is a village in Chipwi Township in Myitkyina District in the Kachin State of north-eastern Burma.
References
External links
Satellite map at Maplandia.com
Populated places in Kachin State
Chipwi Township |
6906542 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abi%20Ofarim | Abi Ofarim | Abi Ofarim, born Avraham Reichstadt (; October 5, 1937 – May 4, 2018) was an Israeli musician and dancer. He is better known for his work in the 1960s as half of the duo Esther & Abi Ofarim with his then-wife Esther Ofarim.
Life and career
Early life
Abi Ofarim was born Avraham Reichstadt in Safed, Galilee, in what was then the British mandate of Palestine on October 5, 1937. Upon Israel's independence in 1948, he attended ballet school and made his stage debut in Haifa in 1952. By the age of 17, he was arranging his own choreography, and by 18 had his own dance studio. He was then recruited to serve in the Israeli army during the Suez crisis and the Sinai war.
Esther & Abi Ofarim
In December 1958, Reichstadt married Esther Zaied. He achieved international fame performing with her as a musical duo Esther & Abi Ofarim in the 1960s, playing the guitar and singing backing vocals. The couple relocated to Geneva, then eventually to Germany. In 1966, they had their first hit in Germany with "Noch einen Tanz". Their greatest success in Germany came the next year with "Morning of my Life", written by the Bee Gees. In 1968, "Cinderella Rockefella" hit the top of the charts in a number of countries including the UK. The duo played live concerts in New York City and London, and they toured Europe before separating in 1969.
Solo career
Abi Ofarim continued performing and recording in Europe. He also worked as a manager, composer, and arranger. In 1970, Ofarim launched his own record production and music publishing company Prom Music. He also worked with Liberty/United Artists Records in Munich. In 1972, he released an album with British singer Tom Winter. In 1975, Ofarim left Prom, selling his interest to ex-partner Yehuda Zwick.
His book, Der Preis der wilden Jahre ("The Price of the Wild Years") was first published in 1982. That year, Ofarim released the album Much Too Much on RCA Records in Germany. He released an album, Too Much Of Something, in 2009.
Beginning in April 2014, Ofarim ran a "Jugendzentrum für Senioren" ("Youth Center for Elderly People") in Munich, a social project against poverty and solitude of the elderly, together with his organization "Kinder von Gestern e. V." ("Children of Yesterday").
Personal life
Relationships and children
Ofarim married Esther Ofarim (née Zaied) on December 11, 1958. After their divorce in 1970, he accused her of "egotism and snobbery." He dated German singer Susan Avilés and actress Iris Berben, before remarrying twice. His third marriage was to Sandra (Sandy) Reichstadt, who he divorced in 2004. Their sons, Gil Ofarim and Tal Ofarim, are also musicians. Gil Ofarim is the front man of the band Zoo Army.
Drug addiction and legal issues
After his divorce from Esther Ofarim, Abi Ofarim developed a cocaine and alcohol addiction. In 1979, he was arrested for possession of narcotics and tax evasion. He spent a month in prison and a year on probation.
Health issues and death
In 2017, Abi Ofarim developed pneumonia. He made a recovery and was able to return to his home in Munich to celebrate his 80th birthday in October 2017.
Ofarim died aged 80 in Munich after a long illness on May 4, 2018.
Discography
Albums
1972: Ofarim & Winter – Ofarim & Winter (CBS)
1982: Much Too Much (RCA)
2009: Too Much Of Something (Sony Music Entertainment Germany)
Singles
1964: "Shake, Shake (Wenn Ich Dich Nicht Hätte)" (Philips)
1971: "Zeit Ist Geld" (Warner Bros. Records)
1973: Ofarim & Winter – "Slow Motion Man" (CBS)
1973: Ofarim And Winter – "Take Me Up To Heaven" (CBS)
1973: Ofarim & Winter – "Speak To Me" (CBS)
1973: Ofarim & Winter – "Why Red" (CBS)
1982: "Mama, O Mama" (RCA)
1982: "Heartaches" (RCA)
1989: Abi Ofarim & Sima – "In The Morning Of My Life" (Polydor)
2007: "Mama, Oh Mama" (White Records)
Esther & Abi Ofarim
References
External links
1937 births
2018 deaths
Mandatory Palestine people
20th-century Israeli male singers
German-language singers
Israeli male dancers
Israeli expatriates in Germany
Israeli military personnel
Israeli guitarists
RCA Records artists
Sony Music artists
Philips Records artists
Warner Records artists
Polydor Records artists
CBS Records artists
People from Safed |
6906550 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/KSFT | KSFT | KSFT may refer to:
KSFT-FM, a radio station (107.1 FM) licensed to South Sioux City, Nebraska, United States
KESJ, a radio station (1550 AM) licensed to St. Joseph, Missouri, United States, which held the call sign KSFT from March 1989 to August 2009 |
6906551 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First%20Celtiberian%20War | First Celtiberian War | The First Celtiberian (181–179 BC) was the first of three major rebellions by the Celtiberians against the Roman presence in Hispania. The other two were the Second Celtiberian War (154–151 BC) and the Numantine War (143–133 BC). Hispania was the name the Romans gave to the Iberian Peninsula. The peninsula was inhabited by various ethnic groups and numerous tribes. The Celtiberians were a confederation of five tribes, which lived in a large area of east central Hispania, to the west of Hispania Citerior. The eastern part of their territory shared a stretch of the border of this Roman province. The Celtiberian tribes were the Pellendones, the Arevaci, the Lusones, the Titti and the Belli.
The Romans took over the territories of the Carthaginians in southern Hispania when they defeated them at the Battle of Ilipa in 206 BC during the Second Punic War (218–201 BC). After the war they remained and in 197 BC they established two Roman colonies: Hispania Citerior (Nearer Spain) along most of the east coast, an area roughly corresponding to the modern autonomous communities of Aragon, Catalonia and Valencia, and Hispania Ulterior (Further Spain) in the south, roughly corresponding to modern Andalusia. There were numerous rebellions by many tribes of Hispania, including tribes both inside and outside Roman territory, in most years for a period of 98 years, until the end of the First Celtiberian War in 179 BC. For details of these rebellions see the Roman conquest of Hispania article.
The First Celtiberian War (181–179 BC)
The siege of Aebura (Carpetania) (181 BC)
The praetors Publius Manlius and Quintus Fulvius Flaccus were given military command for Hispania Ulterior and Citerior respectively in 182 BC and this was extended to 181 BC. They received reinforcements of 3,000 Roman and 6,000 allied infantry and 200 Roman and 300 allied cavalry. The Celtiberians gathered 35,000 men. Livy wrote: ‘hardly ever before had they raised so large a force’. Quintus Fulvius Flaccus drew as many auxiliary troops from the friendly tribes as he could, but his numbers were inferior. He went to Carpetania (in south central Hispania, to the south Celtiberia) and encamped near Aebura (Talavera de la Reina, in western part of the modern province of Toledo; it was at the edge of the territory of the Vettones). He sent a small detachment to occupy the town. A few days later the Celtiberians encamped at the foot of a hill two miles from the Romans. The praetor sent his brother, Marcus Fulvius, with two squadrons of native cavalry for reconnaissance with instructions to get as close to the enemy rampart as possible to get an idea of the size of the camp. If enemy's cavalry spotted him he was to withdraw. For a few days nothing happened. Then the Celtiberian army drew up midway between the two camps, but the Romans did not respond. For four days, this continued. After this both sides withdrew to their camps. Both cavalries went out on patrol and collected wood at the rear of their camps without interfering with each other.
When the praetor thought that the enemy would not expect action, he sent Lucius Acilius to go around the hill behind the enemy camp with a contingent of troops of Latin allies and 6,000 native auxiliaries with orders to assault the camp. They marched at night to elude detection. At dawn Lucius Acilius sent Gaius Scribonius, the commander of the allies, to the enemy rampart with his cavalry. When the Celtiberians saw them they sent out their cavalry and signaled their infantry to advance. Gaius Scribonius turned round and made for the Roman camp as per instructions. When Quintus Fulvius Flaccus thought that the Celtiberians were sufficiently drawn away from their camp he advanced with his army, which had been drawn up in three separate corps behind the rampart. Meanwhile, the cavalry on the hill charged down, as instructed, on the enemy camp, which had no more than 5,000 guarding it. The camp was taken with little resistance. Acilius set fire to that part of it which could be seen from the battlefield. Word spread through the Celtiberian line that the camp was lost, throwing them into indecision. They then resumed the fight, as it was their only hope. The Celtiberian centre was hard pressed by the Fifth Legion. However, they advanced against the Roman left flank, which had native auxiliaries, and would have overrun it had the Seventh Legion not come to its aid. The troops which were at Aebura turned up and, as Acilius was at the enemy's rear, the Celtiberians were sandwiched and cut to pieces; 23,000 died and 4,700 were captured. On the other side, 200 Romans, 800 allies and 2,400 native auxiliaries fell. Aebura was seized.
Flaccus campaigns in Celtiberia (180–179 BC)
Quintus Fulvius Flaccus then marched across Carpetania and went to Contrebia. The townsfolk sent for Celtiberian assistance, but it did not come and they surrendered. The Celtiberians had been delayed by incessant winter rain which caused floods and made the roads impassable and the rivers difficult to cross. Heavy storms forced Flaccus to move his army into the city. When the rain stopped the Celtiberians went on the march without knowing about the city's surrender. They saw no Roman camp and thought that it had been moved elsewhere or that the Romans had withdrawn. They approached the city without taking precautions and without proper formation. The Romans made a sortie from the two city gates. Caught by surprise the Celtiberians were routed. Not being in formation made resistance impossible, but it helped the majority to escape. Still, 12,000 men died and 5,000 men and 400 horses were captured. The fugitives bumped into another body of Celtiberians on its way to Contrebia which, on being told about the defeat, dispersed. Quintus Fulvius marched through Celtiberian territory, ravaged the countryside and stormed many forts until the Celtiberians surrendered.
In 180 BC the praetor Tiberius Sempronius Gracchus was assigned the command of Hispania Citerior and the conduct of the war with the Celtiberians. Around this time, messengers arrived in Rome, bringing news of the Celtiberian surrender. They then told the senate that there was no need to send subsidies for the army, as Hispania Citerior was now able to sustain itself, and requested that Flaccus be allowed to bring back his army. Livy wrote that this was a must because the soldiers were determined to go back home and it seemed impossible to keep them in Hispania any longer, to the point where they might mutiny if not withdrawn. Tiberius Gracchus objected to this because he did not want to lose the veterans. A compromise was reached: Gracchus was ordered to levy two legions (5,200 infantry but only 400 cavalry instead of the usual 600) and an additional 1,000 infantry and 50 cavalry plus 7,000 Latin infantry and 300 cavalry (a total of 13,200 infantry and 750 cavalry); meanwhile, Flaccus was allowed to bring back home veterans who had been sent to Hispania before 186 BC, while those who arrived after that date were to remain. He could bring back any excess over Gracchus' assigned force of 14,000 infantry and 600 cavalry.
Since his successor was late, Flaccus started a third campaign against the Celtiberians who had not surrendered, ravaging the more distant parts of Celtiberia. The Celtiberians responded by secretly gathering an army to strike at the Manlian Pass, through which the Romans would have needed to pass. However, Gracchus told his colleague, Lucius Postumius, to inform Flaccus that he had nearly arrived from Rome, and that Flaccus was to bring his army to Tarraco (Tarragona), where Gracchus would disband the old army and incorporate the new troops. In the wake of this news, Flaccus abandoned his campaign and withdrew from Celtiberia. The Celtiberians thought that Flaccus was fleeing because he had become aware of their rebellion and continued to prepare their trap at the Manlian Pass. When the Romans entered the pass they were attacked on both sides. Quintus Fulvius ordered his men to hold their ground. The pack animals and the baggage were piled up in one place. The battle was desperate. The native auxiliaries could not hold their ground against men who were armed in the same way but were a better class of soldiers. Seeing that their regular order of battle was no match for the Roman legions, the Celtiberians bore down on them in wedge formation and almost broke their line. Flaccus ordered the Legion's cavalry to close ranks and charge the enemy wedge with loose reins, breaking the wedge and throwing the enemy into disarray. The apparent success of the tactic inspired the native auxiliary cavalry to also let their horses loose on the enemy. The enemy, now routed, scattered through the whole defile. The Celtiberians lost 17,000 men; 4,000 men and 600 horses were captured; 472 Romans, 1,019 Latin allies and 3,000 native auxiliaries died. The Romans encamped outside the pass and marched to Tarraco the next day. Tiberius Sempronius Gracchus had landed two days earlier. The two commanders selected the soldiers who were to be discharged and those who were to remain. Flaccus returned to Rome with his veterans and Gracchus went to Celtiberia.
In his account of this war, Appian wrote that the rebellion was by the tribes which lived along the River Iberus (the Greek name for the Ebro), including the Lusones (a small Celtiberian tribe in the north of Celtiberia, in the high Tajuña River valley, northeast of Guadalajara). He held that the rebellion was caused by the tribes having insufficient land. Whether this was the actual cause of the war is uncertain. He wrote that Quintus Fulvius defeated these tribes. Most of them scattered but those which were destitute and nomadic fled to Complega, a newly built and fortified city which had grown rapidly. They sent messengers who demanded that Flaccus compensate them with a sagos (a Celtic word for cloak), a horse and a sword for every man who was killed in the battle and that the Romans leave Hispania or suffer the consequences. Flaccus said that he would give them plenty of cloaks, followed the messengers and encamped in front of the city. The inhabitants, feeling intimidated, fled and plundered the fields of the neighbouring tribes along their way.
Gracchus and Albinus campaigns in the Celtiberia (179 BC)
In 179 BC, Gracchus and Lucius Postumius Albinus, who was in charge of the other Roman province (Hispania Ulterior), had their commands extended. They were reinforced with 3,000 Roman and 5,000 Latin infantry and 300 Roman and 400 Latin cavalry. They planned a joint operation. Albinus, whose province had been quiet, was to march against the Vaccaei (a people who lived to the east of Celtiberia) via eastern Lusitania and return to Celtiberia if there was a greater war there, while Gracchus was to head into the furthest part of Celtiberia. He first took the city of Munda by storm with an unexpected attack at night. He took hostages, left a garrison and burned the countryside until he reached the powerful town which the Celtiberians called Certima. A delegation from the town arrived while he was preparing the siege machines. They did not disguise the fact that they would fight to the end if they had the strength, as they asked to be allowed to go to the Celtiberian camp at Alce to ask for help. If this was rejected they would consult among themselves. Gracchus gave them permission. After a few days they returned with ten other envoys. They asked for something to drink. Then they asked for a second cup. Livy wrote that this caused 'laughter at such uncultured ignorance of all etiquette’. Then the oldest man said that they had been sent to enquire what the Romans relied on to attack them. Gracchus replied that he relied on an excellent army and invited them to see it for themselves. He ordered the entire army to march in review under arms. The envoys left and discouraged their people from sending aid to the besieged city. The townsfolk surrendered. An indemnity was imposed on them and they had to give forty young nobles to serve in the Roman army as a pledge of loyalty.
After Certima, Tiberius Gracchus went to Alce, where the Celtiberian camp the envoys had come from was. For a few days he just harassed the enemy by sending larger and larger contingents of skirmishers against their outposts, hoping to draw the enemy out. When the enemy responded he ordered the native auxiliaries to offer only slight resistance and then retreat hastily to the camp, pretending that they had been overwhelmed. He placed his men behind the gates of the rampant of the camp. When the enemy pursued the retreating units in a disorderly manner and came to close range, the Romans came out from all the gates. Caught by surprise, the enemy was routed and lost 9,000 men and 320 men and 112 horses where captured; 109 Romans fell. Gracchus then marched further into Celtiberia, which he plundered. The tribes submitted. In a few days 103 towns surrendered. He then returned to Alce and begun to besiege the city. The townsfolk resisted the first assaults, but when the siege engines were deployed they withdrew to the citadel and then sent envoys to offer their surrender. Many nobles were taken, including the two sons and the daughter of Thurru, a Celtiberian chief. According to Livy he was by far the most powerful man in Hispania. Thurru asked for safe conduct to visit Tiberius Gracchus. He asked him whether he and his family would be allowed to live. When Gracchus replied affirmatively he asked if he was allowed to serve with the Romans. Gracchus granted this. From then on Thurru followed and helped the Romans in many places.
Ergavica, another powerful Celtiberian city, was alarmed about the defeats of its neighbours and opened its gates to the Romans. Livy noted that some of his sources held that these surrenders were in bad faith because whenever Gracchus left hostilities resumed and there was also a major battle near Mons Chaunus (probably Moncayo Massif), which lasted from dawn to midday with many casualties on both sides. His sources also claimed that three days later there was a bigger battle which cost the defeated Celtiberians 22,000 casualties and the capture of 300 men and 300 horses, a decisive defeat which ended the war in earnest. Livy also noted that according to these sources Lucius Postumius Albinus won a great battle against the Vaccaei, killing 35,000. Livy thought that ‘it would be nearer the truth to say that he arrived in his province too late in the summer to undertake a campaign’. Livy did not give any explanation for his doubts about this information about Lucius Postumius Albinus. He did not write anything about his campaigns on his own authority either. However, in an earlier passage, Livy wrote that he arrived in Hispania before Tiberius Gracchus, who gave him a message with instructions for his predecessor, Quintus Fulvius Flaccus.
Appian wrote about two more episodes about the campaign of Tiberius Gracchus. He wrote that the city of Caravis (Magallon, in north-western Aragon), an ally of Rome, was besieged by 20,000 Celtiberians. Gracchus was informed that it would fall soon. He hurried there, but he could not alert them that he was nearby. The commander of the cavalry, Cominius, had the idea of wearing a Hispanic sagum (a military cloak), mingling in the enemy camp and making his way to the town. He informed the townsfolk that Gracchus was nearby and told them to hold out a bit longer. Three days later Gracchus attacked the besiegers, who fled. At about the same time, the people of the town of Complega (location unknown) which, had 20,000 inhabitants, went to Gracchus’ camp pretending to be peace negotiators. They attacked unexpectedly, throwing the Romans into disarray. Gracchus quickly abandoned the camp in a feigned retreat, and then turned on them while they were plundering the camp, killing most of them. He went on to seize Complega. He then allocated land to the poor and made carefully defined treaties with the surrounding tribes and the surrounding country, binding them to be friends of Rome.
Gracchus founded the colony (settlement) of Gracchurris (Alfaro, in La Rioja, northern Hispania) in the Upper Ebro Valley. This marked the beginning of Roman influence in northern Hispania. It was thought that this was the only colony he founded. However, in the 1950s an inscription was found near Mangibar, on the banks of the River Baetis (Guadalquivir) which attests that he founded another one. It was Iliturgi, a mining town and a frontier outpost. Gracchus therefore established a colony outside his province as it was in Hispania Ulterior.
Aftermath
Appian wrote that Gracchus' ‘treaties were longed for in subsequent wars’. Unlike previous praetors he spent time negotiating and cultivating personal relations with tribal leaders. This was reminiscent of the friendly relations established by Scipio Africanus during the Second Punic War. Gracchus imposed the vicensima, the requisition of 5% of the grain harvest, a form of tax which was more efficient and less vulnerable to abuse than the usual Roman practice of delegating tax collection to private ‘tax farmers.’ Silva notes this is the first reference to a regulatory collection of revenue. His treaties stipulated that the allies were to provide the Romans with auxiliary troops. They also established that the natives could fortify existing cities, but not found new ones. There is some evidence that he introduced civilian administrative measures, such as the issuing of rights for mining to mint coins and the construction of roads. Gracchus is remembered for his administrative arrangements which ensured peace in the conquered territory for the next quarter of a century.
Apart from a few minor episodes, Hispania remained quiet until the outbreak of the Lusitanian War (155–150 BC) and the Second Celtiberian War (154–151 BC).
Notes
References
Primary sources
Appian, Roman History, The Foreign Wars, Book 6, The Wars in Spain, Loeb Classical Library, Vol I, Books 1-8.1., Loeb, 1989;
Livy, History of Rome from Its Foundation: Rome and the Mediterranean (Books 31–45), Penguin Classics, Reprint edition, 1976;
Secondary sources in English
Curchin, L.A. Romans Spain:Conquest and Assimilation, Routledge, 1991; 978-0415023658
Richardson, J.S., Hispaniae, Spain and the Development of Roman Imperialism,218-82 BC, Cambridge University Press, 2008;
Richardson, J.S., The Romans in Spain, John Wiley & Sons; Reprint edition, 1998;
Silva, L., Viriathus and the Lusitanian Resistance to Rome, Pen & Sword Military, Barnsley, 2013;
Wars involving Spain
180s BC conflicts
170s BC conflicts
2nd century BC in the Roman Republic
Roman conquest of the Iberian Peninsula
181 BC
180 BC
179 BC
2nd century BC in Hispania |
6906564 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael%20Harrison | Michael Harrison | Michael, Mike or Mick Harrison may refer to:
Michael Harrison (musician), American composer, pianist and creator of the “harmonic piano,” an extensively modified seven-foot grand piano
Mike Harrison (musician) (1945–2018), English musician, singer with Spooky Tooth
Mike Harrison (album), 1971
Michael A. Harrison, American computer scientist, pioneer in formal languages
Michael Allen Harrison, American New Age musician, songwriter and pianist
Michael Harrison (politician) (born 1958), member of the Tennessee House of Representatives
M. John Harrison (born 1945), British author of science fiction, fantasy and literary fiction
Michael R. Harrison (born 1943), director of pediatric surgery at UCSF
Michael Harrison (writer) (1907–1991), English detective fiction and fantasy author
Michael Harrison, early pseudonym for Sunset Carson, American actor
Mike Harrison (footballer, born 1940) (1940–2019), English footballer
Mike Harrison (footballer, born 1952), English footballer
Mike Harrison (rugby union) (born 1956), English rugby union player
Mick Harrison (rugby league), English rugby league footballer who played in the 1960s and 1970s
Michael Harrison (cricketer) (born 1978), English cricketer
Michael Harrison (lawyer) (1823–1895), Irish lawyer and judge, Solicitor-General for Ireland
Mick Harrison (comic books), pseudonym of Randy Stradley
J. Michael Harrison (born 1944), American researcher in operations research
Mike Harrison (bishop) (born 1963), Church of England bishop
Michael Harrison (announcer), soldier and BBC radio presenter
Michael S. Harrison, American police officer |
6906571 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fyodorovskaya%20Church | Fyodorovskaya Church | The Fyodorovskaya Church (Фёдоровская церковь) is a penticupolar parish Russian Orthodox church built by ordinary parishioners on the right bank of the Kotorosl River in Yaroslavl between 1682 and 1687. It is dedicated to Theotokos Feodorovskaya, a miraculous icon from nearby Kostroma.
The building is notable as the first church in the region to be returned by the Soviets to the Russian Orthodox Church (in 1987). It served as the cathedral church of the ancient Yaroslavl-Rostov eparchy until the restored Dormition Cathedral was consecrated in 2010. During this period the relics of St. Theodore the Black and other local saints were kept there.
History
A parish chronicle from the 18th century survives. It indicates that it was the Mother of God who appeared to a paralyzed parishioner, Ivan, and commanded the building of a church in Her name. Ivan was instructed to sail down the Volga to Kostroma and ask Guriy Nikitin, a famous icon painter, to make a replica of the miraculous icon of the Theotokos. This new image eventually helped cure Ivan, among many others.
The parishioners decided to model the new church on that of the Ascension of Christ. Its exterior ornamentation is basic but proportions are graceful. The elongated drums and domes are considerably higher than the cuboid structure of the church that supports them. An enclosed gallery and a porch were added to the main cube in the first third of the 18th century.
The interior is of traditional design. It has four piers and is entirely covered in frescoes dating from 1716. The intricately carved icon screen was made in 1705. Some of the icons are noted for their complex calendar and cosmological codes.
The church compound is fenced and has a smaller church with a belfry on the north side. This single-dome Penskaya church is dedicated to St. Nicholas, a patron saint of merchants. There is also a baptistery of recent construction on the grounds.
References
Russian Orthodox churches in Yaroslavl
Russian Orthodox cathedrals
Shrines to the Virgin Mary
Religious buildings and structures completed in 1687
Eastern Orthodox church buildings dedicated to Theotokos
1687 establishments in Russia
Cultural heritage monuments in Yaroslavl Oblast |
17339014 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nightmare%20Creatures%20II | Nightmare Creatures II | Nightmare Creatures II is a survival horror video game developed by Kalisto Entertainment and published by Konami for the PlayStation and Dreamcast. It is the sequel to Nightmare Creatures.
Plot
In 1934, Adam Crowley, an occultist, and antagonist from the previous game has created a vast race of mutant creatures, which he is using to wipe out a group of monster hunters called the Circle. Meanwhile, Herbert Wallace, a patient at Crowley's genetics hospital, escapes from captivity, armed with an axe. He arrives in London, where he discovers evidence of a picture of Ignatius Blackward, who in the previous game with Nadia Franciscus, had defeated Crowley. In a fire, Wallace is rescued from it by Rachel, the only surviving member of the Circle. They head their separate ways, with Wallace venturing to Crowley's castle, only to discover that Crowley himself is not there, but he is in Paris.
He then falls down a chute, which leads to a biplane that he flies to France. Wallace enters a cinema, where he finds a note from Rachel informing him that she knows of Crowley's plans. He then proceeds onwards to a museum to meet up with Rachel, but unknown to Wallace, Rachel is captured by zombies. Wallace then enters the museum, where he finds a detailed blueprint of the Eiffel Tower, along with some of Crowley's plans. In a crypt that Wallace enters, he is attacked by zombies, escapes in a car, and crashes in an elaborate graveyard after getting assaulted by a zombie that hid in the back, where he finds a part of Rachel's shirt snagged on a tree.
Wallace departs from the graveyard and falls into a sewer, which in turn takes him to the Paris underground, where he finds evidence of documents of ancient cults and a passage that leads to the Eiffel Tower. He then climbs to the top of the structure, where he finds a grotesque monstrosity. Using dynamite, he explodes the creature, only for the explosion to throw him off the top of the spire. However, his fall is cushioned, and he is reunited with Rachel, whereupon they walk away together. Whether Crowley is plotting his next scheme or gone forever is completely unknown.
Gameplay
The gameplay is similar to the previous installment, seeing the adrenaline bar abandoned and the addition of fatality moves to execute weakened enemies. Unlike the previous game though, Herbert is the only playable character and the unlockable ability to play as a monster is absent.
Music
The game features licensed music from Rob Zombie in the cutscenes while the in-game music was composed by the Nightmare Creatures composer, Frédéric Motte.
Reception
The PlayStation version of Nightmare Creatures II received "mixed" reviews, while the Dreamcast version received "unfavorable" reviews, according to the review aggregation website GameRankings. Greg Orlando of NextGen quoted a song by Carly Simon, "You're So Vain", in saying of the latter console version, "Konami's 'dream' turns out to be nothing but 'clouds in our coffee.'"
References
External links
Official Website Archive
2000 video games
Dreamcast games
Horror video games
Konami games
PlayStation (console) games
Survival video games
Video game sequels
Video games developed in France
Video games scored by Frédéric Motte
Video games set in London
Video games set in Paris
Video games set in 1934
Single-player video games |
17339018 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pyramus%20%28disambiguation%29 | Pyramus (disambiguation) | Pyramus is a character in Greek mythology.
Pyramus may also refer to:
14871 Pyramus, an asteroid
Poecilmitis pyramus, a species of butterfly
Pyramus (river), one of the great rivers of ancient Asia Minor
HMS Pyramus, any one of several ships of the Royal Navy |
17339025 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ngawagyalaw | Ngawagyalaw | Ngawagyalaw is a village in Chipwi Township in Myitkyina District in the Kachin State of north-eastern Burma.
References
External links
Satellite map at Maplandia.com
Populated places in Kachin State
Chipwi Township |
44504101 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sleepy%20Hollow%20%28season%201%29 | Sleepy Hollow (season 1) | The first season of the Fox television series Sleepy Hollow premiered on September 16, 2013, and concluded January 20, 2014, consisting of 13 episodes.
Cast and characters
Main cast
Tom Mison as Ichabod Crane
Nicole Beharie as Lt. Abigail "Abbie" Mills
Orlando Jones as Captain Frank Irving
Katia Winter as Katrina Crane
Recurring cast
Lyndie Greenwood as Jennifer "Jenny" Mills
Nicholas Gonzalez as Detective Luke Morales
John Cho as Officer Andy Brooks
Richard Cetrone, Jeremy Owens, Craig Branham and Neil Jackson as the Headless Horseman / Abraham Van Brunt
D. J. Mifflin, George Ketsios, and Derek Mears as Moloch
Clancy Brown as Sheriff August Corbin
John Noble as Henry Parrish / Jeremy Crane
Jill Marie Jones as Cynthia Irving
Amandla Stenberg as Macey Irving
Jahnee Wallace as Young Abigail Mills
Guest cast
Michael Roark as Detective Devon Jones
Patrick Gorman as Reverend Alfred Knapp
David Fonteno as Reverend Boland
Onira Tares as Grace Dixon
Craig Trow as Lachlan Fredericks
India Scandrick as Young Jenny Mills
Braden Fitzgerald as Young Jeremy Crane
Judd Lormand and Karen Beyer as Ancitif
Laura Spencer as Caroline
Episodes
Ratings
References
2013 American television seasons
2014 American television seasons |
17339028 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Never%20Apart | Never Apart | 不會分離 (Pinyin: Bú Huì Fēn Lí; lit. never apart) is Michael Wong's fifth solo album released on 9 November 2007. It consists of a CD and a DVD. The CD is a collection of new songs (except for Track 7 which was previously released as an online single for download). The DVD consists of the MV of Track 2 of the CD and bonus features.
CD Track list
煙火 (yān huǒ; Fireworks) – 4:13
不會分離 (bù huì fēn lí; Never Apart) – 5:53
I Miss You – 4:36
女孩別哭 (nǚ hái bié kū; Girl, Don't Cry) – 4:20
風雨同路 (fēng yǔ tóng lù; Stand Together) – 4:23
愛可以點亮整個世界 (ài kě yǐ diǎn liàng zhěng gè shì jiè; Love Brightens The World) – 4:16
I Am Who I Am (我就是我) (wǒ jiù shì wǒ) – 3:56
雙子星 (shuāng zi xīng; Gemini) – 4:05
住在遙遠的星球 (zhù zài yáo yuǎn de xīng qiú; Living on a Faraway Planet) – 4:49
驚嘆號 (jīng tàn hào; Exclamation Mark) – 3:46
References
External links
Michael Wong Never Apart Album Lyrics
Michael Wong (singer) albums
2007 albums
Mandopop albums |
44504102 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apagomerella | Apagomerella | Apagomerella is a genus of longhorn beetles of the subfamily Lamiinae, containing the following species:
Apagomerella dissimilis Galileo & Martins, 2005
Apagomerella versicolor (Boheman, 1859)
References
Hemilophini |
17339032 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ngawapaka | Ngawapaka | Ngawapaka is a village in Chipwi Township in Myitkyina District in the Kachin State of north-eastern Burma.
References
External links
Satellite map at Maplandia.com
Populated places in Kachin State
Chipwi Township |
17339035 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ngawlawngtam | Ngawlawngtam | Ngawlawngtam is an Enland village in Chipwi Township in Myitkyina District in the Kachin State of north-eastern Burma.
References
External links
Satellite map at Maplandia.com
Populated places in Kachin State
Chipwi Township |
44504114 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apagomerina | Apagomerina | Apagomerina is a genus of longhorn beetles of the subfamily Lamiinae, containing the following species:
Apagomerina apicalis Galileo & Martins, 2001
Apagomerina azurescens (Bates, 1881)
Apagomerina diadela Martins & Galileo, 1996
Apagomerina erythronota (Lane, 1970)
Apagomerina faceta Martins & Galileo, 2007
Apagomerina flava Galileo & Martins, 1989
Apagomerina gigas Martins & Galileo, 2007
Apagomerina ignea Martins & Galileo, 1996
Apagomerina jucunda Martins & Galileo, 1984
Apagomerina lampyroides Martins & Galileo, 2007
Apagomerina lepida Martins & Galileo, 1996
Apagomerina odettae Martins & Galileo, 2007
Apagomerina rubricollis Galileo & Martins, 1992
Apagomerina subtilis Martins & Galileo, 1996
Apagomerina unica Martins & Galileo, 1996
Apagomerina utiariti Galileo & Martins, 1989
References
Hemilophini |
17339041 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paingmaw | Paingmaw | Paingmaw is a village in Chipwi Township in Myitkyina District in the Kachin State of north-eastern Burma.
References
External links
Satellite map at Maplandia.com
Populated places in Kachin State
Chipwi Township |
17339058 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thisbe%20%28disambiguation%29 | Thisbe (disambiguation) | Thisbe is a character in Greek mythology.
Thisbe may also refer to:
Thisbe (Boeotia), a town of ancient Boeotia
Thisvi, a Greek town called Thisbe in ancient times
88 Thisbe, one of the largest main belt asteroids
Thisbe Nissen (born 1972), American author
Tishbe, the birthplace of the prophet Elijah
HMS Thisbe, the name of four Royal Navy warships
Thisbe (butterfly), a genus of metalmark butterflies in the tribe Nymphidiini, subtribe Lemoniadina |
17339063 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pammyaw | Pammyaw | Pammyaw is a village in Chipwi Township in Myitkyina District in the Kachin State of north-eastern Burma.
References
External links
Satellite map at Maplandia.com
Populated places in Kachin State
Chipwi Township |
44504121 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foul%20Rift%2C%20New%20Jersey | Foul Rift, New Jersey | Foul Rift is an unincorporated community and one-time ghost town located within White Township, in Warren County, New Jersey, United States. Foul Rift had been a cottage community located on the east bank of the Delaware River, south of Belvidere.
History
Foul Rift was named after the rapids along that stretch of the Delaware River. The community began as camp sites, and grew to include summer cottages and year-round rental cottages.
A tract of was surveyed to William Penn, "extending from the foot of Foul Rift to Hutchison's". Early settlers to Foul Rift purchased land from Penn's heirs in 1740. The Rifton Mills were built there in 1814 in order to harness the fast flowing water at Foul Rift. In 1856, the mills were destroyed by fire.
Between 2004 and 2006, a series of floods destroyed 24 cottages in Foul Rift. The remaining four cottages, owned by Pennsylvania Power and Light, were removed in 2008.
Notable people
John Insley Blair, entrepreneur, railroad magnate, philanthropist and one of the 19th century's wealthiest men.
References
White Township, New Jersey
Washington Township, Warren County, New Jersey
Ghost towns in New Jersey
Unincorporated communities in Warren County, New Jersey
Unincorporated communities in New Jersey |
44504146 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apeba | Apeba | Apeba is a genus of longhorn beetles of the subfamily Lamiinae, containing the following species:
Apeba antiqua (Waterhouse, 1880)
Apeba barauna Martins & Galileo, 1991
Apeba isabellina (Bates, 1885)
Apeba togata (Klug, 1825)
References
Hemilophini |
6906579 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Knights%20of%20the%20Fish | The Knights of the Fish | The Knights of the Fish (Spanish: "Los Caballeros del Pez") is a Spanish fairy tale collected by Fernán Caballero in Cuentos. Oraciones y Adivinas. Andrew Lang included it in The Brown Fairy Book. A translation was published in Golden Rod Fairy Book. Another version of the tale appears in A Book of Enchantments and Curses by Ruth Manning-Sanders.
It is classified in the Aarne–Thompson–Uther Index as type 303 ("The Twins or Blood Brothers"). Most tales of the sort begin with the father catching a talking fish thrice and, in the third time, the animal asks to be sacrificed and fed to the fisherman's wife and horses, and for his remains to be buried underneath a tree. By doing so, twins are born to him and his wife, as well as two foals and two trees.
It is also classified as ATU 300 ("The Dragon-Slayer"), a widespread tale.
Synopsis
An industrious but poor cobbler tried to fish until he was so hungry that he thought he would hang himself if he caught nothing. He caught a beautiful fish. It told him to cook it and then give two pieces to his wife, and bury two more in the garden. He did this. His wife gave birth to twin boys, and two plants sprang up, bearing shields, in the garden.
When the boys were grown, they decided to travel. At a crossroad, they parted ways. One found a city grieving, because every year a maiden had to be offered up to a dragon, and this year the lot had fallen on the princess. He went to see where the princess was, and then left her to fetch a mirror. He told her to cover it with her veil and hide behind it; when the dragon approached, she was to tear the veil off. She did, and the dragon stared at his rival, identical to him. He threatened it until he finally smashed it to pieces, but as every fragment reflected him, he thought he too had been smashed. While it was still baffled, the knight killed it. The king married him to his daughter.
The princess then showed him all over the country. He saw a castle of black marble, and was warned that whoever went to it never returned. He set out the next day. When he blew his horn and struck the gate, a woman finally opened the door. Echoes warned him off. He lifted his helmet, and the woman, who was an evil witch, let him in because he was so handsome. She told him that she would marry him, but he refused. The witch showed him over the castle and suddenly killed him by dropping him through a trapdoor.
His brother came to the city, and was taken for him. He kept quiet, so he could help his brother, and told the princess that he had to go back to the castle. He demanded to know what happened to his brother, and the echoes told him. With this knowledge, as soon as he met the witch, he stabbed her with his sword. The dying witch then pled to him to save her life with magical plants from the garden. He found the bodies of his brother and her previous victims, and restored them to life. He also found a cave full of maidens who had been killed by the dragon, reviving them too. After they all left, the witch died and the castle collapsed.
Motifs
The motif of the demand for sacrifice of youngsters of either sex happens in the Greek myth of Theseus and the Minotaur. However, a specific variant, where the dragon or serpent demands the sacrifice of young maidens or princesses is shared by many tales or legends all over the world: Japanese tale of Susanoo-no-Mikoto and the eight-headed serpent Orochi; Chinese folktale of Li Ji Slays the Great Serpent, attested in Soushen Ji, a 4th century compilation of stories, by Gan Bao.
The myth of Perseus and Andromeda is an archaic reflex of the princess and dragon theme: for disrespecting the Nereids, sea god Poseidon demands in sacrifice the life of the Ethiopian princess Andromeda to the sea monster Cetus. She is thus chained to a rock afloat in the sea, but is rescued by semi-divine hero Perseus. A similar event happens in the story of Trojan princess Hesione.
The many-headed serpent enemy shares similarities with Greek mythic creature Hydra, defeated by Heracles as part of his Twelve Labors. An episode of a battle with the dragon also occurs in several fairy tales: The Three Dogs, The Two Brothers, The Merchant (fairy tale), The Bold Knight, the Apples of Youth, and the Water of Life, The Three Princes and their Beasts, The Thirteenth Son of the King of Erin, Georgic and Merlin, the epic feats of Dobrynya Nikitich, the Polish legend of the Wawel Dragon.
The motif of the birth of twin boys by eating a magical fish shares similarities with a practice involving flower petals, as seen in the ATU 711, "The Beautiful and the Ugly Twin" (Tatterhood).
Variants
Origins
Greek folklorist Georgios A. Megas listed several conflicting theories that different scholars have proposed for the origins of the tale type (ATU 303): some see a possible connection with the Ancient Egyptian story Tale of Two Brothers; suggested a origin in the Byzantine period (300-1500 CE); Wolfgang Hierse indicated the Eastern Mediterranean, during the Hellenistic period.
According to scholar Christine Goldberg, studies on both tale types ATU 300 and ATU 303 using the historic-geographic method concluded that type 300 has "old elements", but the "modern form" originated in medieval times, while type 303 is more recent because it included type 300 within its narrative. Kurt Ranke, for example, supposed that type 303 originated in Western Europe, in France, during medieval times.
Distribution
German scholar Kurt Ranke, who authored one of the definitive studies on the tale type ATU 303, analysed some 770 variants. As researcher Richard M. Dorson put it, the tale type "is well distributed throughout Europe and densely reported from Finland, Ireland, Germany, France, and Hungary.".
Variants are also found in Africa, such as The Twin Brothers from French Congo; Rombao, from Quelimane.
On a more global scale, Daniel J. Crowley, comparing tale indexes of Indonesia, Africa, Madagascar, British Islands, France, Spain and the Muslim Near East, concluded that the tale type appears "among the most popular and widespread tales on earth".
The birth of the twins (triplets)
Ingestion of fish or aquatic animal
The usual tale involves the birth of twins from the ingestion of the flesh of the fish - a motif that opens the tale type and, according to scholar Patrice Lajoye, with considerable antiquity. French historian François Delpech (fr) noted that the twins or triplets born of the fish show celestial birthmarks on the head - a similar appearance shared by the foals and hounds that are also born through the fish. From the remains of the fish a pair of swords and a bush sprout (which serve as their token of life).
Very rarely, there are born triplets, such as in a variant from Brittany, France, collected by folklorist Adolphe Orain: in Les chevaliers de la belle étoile, instead of the usual twins, three sons are born when their mother is given the flesh of the enchanted eel (which replaces the fish). Each of the brothers is born with a star on the forehead.
Other similar variant is , collected from Bélesta, Ariège, where there are also three sons born from the magical fish.
In Czech fairy tale The Twin Brothers, the enchanted fish is described as a princess cursed into piscian form. When a woman catches her (as fish) to eat, the princess says she will be delivered from her curse "as soon as [her] body has rotted".
The fish is also replaced by three eels in Serbian fairy tale Три јегуље ("Three Eels"), by Vuk Karadzic.
In a Valencian tale collected by Enric Valor i Vives, La Mare dels Peixos ("The Mother of Fishes"), when the fisherman is sailing in the sea, he captures an eel-like, aquatic being with three heads that introduces itself at the "Mother of the Fishes". She tells the fisherman to kill it, and to give one of its heads to his wife, his dogs and his horses.
In an Asturian tale collected by Aurelio de Llano Roza de Ampudia, El pescador y la serena ("The Fisherman and the Mermaid"), the titular fisherman captures a mermaid who tells him to cut her apart in eight parts and give two to his wife. Thus, she will bear twins.
Ingestion of fruit
The aquatic animal is replaced altogether for a fruit in other variants, such as an apple in the Slavonic tale The Brothers; or a mango, which appears in the Indic form of the tale type (according to researcher Mary Brockington).
According to Armenian scholarship, the motif of the apple also appears in Armenian variants: a passing dervish gives the apple to the king's wife so that she may bear twins, but the dervish asks for one of the twins in payment. One of the boys is given to the dervish. After some time, he dips his hair in a magic golden pool, escapes from him with a horse and wears a disguise to work as a king's gardener (tale type ATU 314, "The Goldener", wherein a youth gains golden hair by magic and later works in a menial position). After the boy is petrified by a witch, his twin comes to his rescue (type ATU 303).
In a tale from Dagestan translated into Hungarian with the title Aranyhajú Arszlan ("Golden-Haired Arszlan"), a childless man is given a pair of beans as remedy for his plight by an old hermit, who asks for one of the twins in return. The beans work, and a pair of twins is born, named Arszlan and Batir. Arszlan is given to the hermit, who is in reality an evil creature. The youth escapes with a horse, dips his body in a river of a golden colour and works as gardener in another kingdom (tale type ATU 314).
In an Iranian tale collected by Emily Lorimer and David Lockhart Robertson Lorimer from Bakhtiari with the title The Gazelle Maiden and the Golden Brothers, a childless king with seven wives, named Malik Ahmad, receives a pomegranate from a dervish to give to his wife. She bears twins, and the elder twin, called Malik Mahmad, opts to accompany the dervish as part of his father's deal. On the way to a golden fountain, an old greybeard warns the youth that the dervish will kill him, so he should escape from him with his horse. He follows the man's instructions, bathes in the golden fountain and kills the dervish. He finds work in another kingdom, marries a girl and follows a gazelle to a cave. He enters the cave and sees a beautiful maiden, who reveals she is the gazelle. She challenges the golden twin to a physical battle. He loses and is put away with other prisoners. Far away, his younger twin, Sultan Mahmad, sees the brother's ring turn black and senses his twin is in danger. Sultan Mahmad meets his sister-in-law and puts a sword between them in bed. Later, Sultan Mahmad defeats the strong lady, marries her and releases his twin brother and the prisoners.
Imbibing of water
In an Afro-American variant from Antigua, Black Jack and White Jack, a White lady and a Black lady move to a strange land and walk about with a bottle of water. During three walks, as soon as their bottles are empty, they return home. On the fourth time, they see two ponds, one white and the other black. The White lady drinks from the white pond and gives birth to a White boy, and the Black lady from the black pond, and gives birth to a Black boy.
Birth of lookalike individuals
The ATU 303 type usually involves the birth of twins (or triplets), but in variants there are born two similar-looking individuals from a rich mother (queen, lady) and a poor one (maid, servant), who both ate the magical item that, according to some in-story superstition, is said to have pregnancy-inducing properties, such as a fruit or herb. Despite their different origins, both youths hold great affection and loyalty towards each other. One example is the Swedish folktale Silfver-hvit och Lill-vacker (English: "Silverwhite and Lillwacker").
In a Romanian fairy tale, Der Morgenstern und der Abendstern ("The Morning-Star and the Evening-Star"), a king and a queen have tried to conceive a child, but no such luck. One night, the empress dreams that God told her the method: the king must catch a fish, cook it and give it to the queen, who gives birth to a boy. A maid also tastes the queen's plate and gives birth to another boy. The prince is named Busujok and the maid's son Siminok.
In the Moravian tale Zkamenělí lidé ("The Petrified People"), a princess and her friend, a burgermeister's daughter, drink seawater and become pregnant at the same time. Seven years later, the king suspects foul play and plans execution of the maidens and their incredibly similar children, Petr and Karl. The king prepares a trial by ordeal: both boys should walk on water. Both pass the trial, since they did not sink in the sea.
In a Russian fairy tale, when the fisherman gives the fish for his wife to eat, she shares the food with the mare and the cow. Later, three individuals are born: three half-brothers, one of the human woman, the second of the mare and the third, Cow's Son, of the cow. The cow's son is the strongest and the hero of the tale.
In an Irish tale published by poet W. B. Yeats from an "old man" in Galway, Jack and Bill, the king's wife and a female cook eat a fish and give birth to identical individuals. They become very close friends, but depart to have their own adventures. Jack kills dragons and rescues a princess. He is later killed by a witch in the woods, but Bill saves him soon after. This tale was also published in Yeats's The Celtic Twilight with the name Dreams that have no Moral and in Lady Gregory's The Kiltartan Wonder Book, wherein the heroes are named Seamus and Shawneen.
The names of the heroes
If the characters are named in the tale, both brothers may have water-related names. For instance, in Swedish variant Wattuman und Wattusin (Wassermann und Wasserjunge), in the Brothers Grimm tale Johann Wassersprung und Kaspar Wassersprung ("Johannes Waterspring and Casper Waterspring"), in another German variant Wasserpaul and Wasserpeter, or in a Hungarian variant Vízi Péter és Vízi Pál (vízi means "water" in Hungarian).
In another German variant, The Two Foundlings of the Spring, or, The Story of Brunnenhold and Brunnenstark, an exiled princess finds two babies near a spring and decided that "they shall both take their names from the water": Brunnenhold, with "blue eyes and hair", and Brunnenstark, because he is stronger than his brother. The tale of brothers Brunnenhold and Brunnenstark was also given a somewhat abridged format by 19th century theologue Johann Andreas Christian Löhr, with the name Die Söhne der Quelle.
In a Russian-language Siberian variant titled "Федор Водович и Иван Водович" ("Fyodor Vodovich and Ivan Vodovich", or "Fyodor, Son of the Water, and Ivan, Son of the Water"), a queen gives birth to a daughter, much to her husband's chagrin. The king decides to lock her up in a dungeon with a companion, to protect her from the world. One day, she is allowed to leave the dungeon, and drinks a bit of water from a well. Nine months later, she gives birth to two boys, later baptized as Ivan Vodovich and Fyodor Vodovich (vodo/a means water in Russian).
The adventures of the twins (triplets)
The general narrative of the tale type separates the twins: one defeats the dragon and, after he marries the princess, goes to an illuminated castle (or tower) in the distance, where a witch resides. In Iberian variants, this castle is known as "Castle of No Return" (Spanish: Castillo de Irás y No Volverás) or "Tower of the Ill-Hour" (Portuguese: Torre da Má Hora). Later, his twin (or younger triplet) defeats the witch and rescues the older brother. Before the younger brother goes to rescue his sibling, he meets his sister-in-law, who mistakes him for her husband. To avoid any future complications, the brother lays down a sword between them in the royal bed. This motif is known as "The Sword of Chastity" and scholarship argues that it is "an integral part" of this tale type.
Some versions preserve the motif of the helping animals, attested in the pure form of ATU 300, "The Dragonslayer", where the sole hero is helped by four different animals or by three powerful dogs. One example of the latter type is the Romanian variant Măr și Păr: the prince Măr names his dogs "Florian, Cioban and Frunză de megheran", and the servant's son Păr gives his hounds the names of "Bujor, Rozor and Cetina brazilor".
The dragon of the tale, in Scandinavian variants, is sometimes replaced by a troll that lives in the sea.
In a tale collected from Wallonia, Le Garçon avec Ses Trois Chiens, triplets are born from the ingestion of the fish's flesh. This variant is peculiar in that it inverts the usual narrative: the brothers' petrification by the witch occurs before the episode of the dragon-slaying. The youngest triplet rescues his older brothers and later the princess demanded by the dragon.
A similar inversion of the twins' adventures occurs in Cossack (Ukrainian) tale The Two Princes: the younger twin rescues his older brother from the pagan witch that petrified him and his dog, and later the dragon-slaying episode happens.
In another tale, Die zwei Brüder ("The Two Brothers"), the heroes are born after the ingestion of the fish, one stays home and the other goes around the world. In this story, the episode of the petrification in the castle of the witch happens after the killing of the dragon, but before the revelation of the false hero.
In an unsourced tale published by Andrew Lang in his The Grey Fairy Book, The Twin Brothers, an old woman reveals that the infertility of a fisherman's wife can be cured by ingesting the flesh of a gold-fish, and after some should be given to her she-dogs and mares. Male twins are born, two foals and two puppies - each brother getting a hound and a horse. When the older twin leaves home, he arrives in a kingdom and tries to woo the princess Fairest in the Land, by performing her father's three tasks. Later, he arrives in another kingdom, where a giant has blocked the flow of waters and only releases it once a year when he is given a maiden to devour. A similar version was collected by scholar Giorgos A. Megas in his book Folktales of Greece. This tale was originally collected in German by Austrian consul Johann Georg von Hahn from Negades, with the title Die Zwillingsbrüder.
Some variants skip the birth implement altogether and begin with the twin (triplet) princes going their separates ways at the crossroads, after they gather their animal retinues.
Adaptations
The tale type was adapted into the story Los hermanos gemelos ("The Twin Brothers"), by Spanish writer Romualdo Nogués, with a moral at the end. A second adaptation was published in Spanish newspaper El Imparcial, in 1923, titled El pez y los tres rosales ("The Fish and the Three Rosebushes").
A Hungarian variant of the tale was adapted into an episode of the Hungarian television series Magyar népmesék ("Hungarian Folk Tales") (hu), with the title A kõvé vált királyfi ("The Prince who turned into Stone"). This version replaces the sacrifice of a maiden to a dragon for a fight against an invincible warrior of the enemy army.
See also
The Two Brothers (Grimm fairy tale)
The Gold-Children (Grimm fairy tale)
The Merchant (fairy tale)
The Enchanted Doe
The Twins (Albanian tale)
The Three Dogs
The Sea-Maiden
The Seven-headed Serpent
Princess and dragon and other tales of dragon- or serpent-slaying by a hero (ATU Index type 300, "The Dragonslayer")
Dragonslayer (a heroic archetype in fiction, fantasy and mythology)
Minotaur
References
Bibliography
Amores, Monstserrat. Catalogo de cuentos folcloricos reelaborados por escritores del siglo XIX. Madrid: CONSEJO SUPERIOR DE INVESTIGACIONES CIENTÍFICAS, DEPARTAMENTO DE ANTROPOLOGÍA DE ESPAÑA Y AMÉRICA. 1997. pp. 69-71.
Boggs, Ralph Steele. Index of Spanish folktales, classified according to Antti Aarne's "Types of the folktale". Chicago: University of Chicago. 1930. pp. 40-41.
Further reading
Brockington, Mary (1999). "The relationship of the Râmâyaòa to the Indic form of “The Two Brothers” and to the Stepmother redaction". In: The Epic: oral and written. Ed. by Lauri Honko, John Miles Foley and Jawaharlal Handoo. Central Institute of Indian Languages: Mysore, 1999. pp. 139–150. .
Marc, Claudine. Le Fils du Roi des Poissons. Etude comparative du conte AT 303 et de récits médiévaux. Université de Grenoble, janvier 2000. Doctoral thesis (unpublished).
Ranke, Kurt. Die zwei Brüder: Eine Studie zur vergleichenden Märchenforschung. Helsinki: 1934 (Folklore Fellows Communications, 114).
Rubow, Mette. "Un essai d'interprétation du conte-type AaTh 303: Le roi des poissons ou La bête à sept têtes". Fabula 25, 1-2 (1984): 18-34. doi: https://doi.org/10.1515/fabl.1984.25.1-2.18
External links
The Knights of the Fish
Reconstruction of the original form of ATU type 303, "The Blood Brothers" by D. L. Ashliman, based on various sources
Knights of the Fish
Knights of the Fish
Knights of the Fish
Knights of the Fish
ATU 300-399 |
Subsets and Splits
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