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SQuAD
Rep. Christopher H. Smith (R-NJ), criticized the State Department investigation, saying the investigators were shown "Potemkin Villages" where residents had been intimidated into lying about the family-planning program. Dr. Nafis Sadik, former director of UNFPA said her agency had been pivotal in reversing China's coercive population control methods, but a 2005 report by Amnesty International and a separate report by the United States State Department found that coercive techniques were still regularly employed by the Chinese, casting doubt upon Sadik's statements.
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56ce60330bed4a9183f91956e07911d0
What sort of techniques did the State Department conclude were still being employed by China?
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{ "text": [ "coercive techniques" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 467 ], "end": [ 485 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 81 ], "end": [ 82 ] } ] }
[ "coercive techniques" ]
SQuAD
In response, the EU decided to fill the gap left behind by the US under the Sandbaek report. According to its Annual Report for 2008, the UNFPA received its funding mainly from European Governments: Of the total income of M845.3 M, $118 was donated by the Netherlands, $67 M by Sweden, $62 M by Norway, $54 M by Denmark, $53 M by the UK, $52 M by Spain, $19 M by Luxembourg. The European Commission donated further $36 M. The most important non-European donor State was Japan ($36 M). The number of donors exceeded 180 in one year.
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19051734ed644920b29295ecc1c450da
Which European government contributed the most to the UNFPA in 2008?
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{ "text": [ "the Netherlands" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 252 ], "end": [ 266 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 51 ], "end": [ 52 ] } ] }
[ "the Netherlands" ]
SQuAD
In response, the EU decided to fill the gap left behind by the US under the Sandbaek report. According to its Annual Report for 2008, the UNFPA received its funding mainly from European Governments: Of the total income of M845.3 M, $118 was donated by the Netherlands, $67 M by Sweden, $62 M by Norway, $54 M by Denmark, $53 M by the UK, $52 M by Spain, $19 M by Luxembourg. The European Commission donated further $36 M. The most important non-European donor State was Japan ($36 M). The number of donors exceeded 180 in one year.
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a7e792506020415183528df0a36e6db7
Which European government contributed the least to the UNFPA in 2008?
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{ "text": [ "Luxembourg" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 363 ], "end": [ 372 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 89 ], "end": [ 89 ] } ] }
[ "Luxembourg" ]
SQuAD
In response, the EU decided to fill the gap left behind by the US under the Sandbaek report. According to its Annual Report for 2008, the UNFPA received its funding mainly from European Governments: Of the total income of M845.3 M, $118 was donated by the Netherlands, $67 M by Sweden, $62 M by Norway, $54 M by Denmark, $53 M by the UK, $52 M by Spain, $19 M by Luxembourg. The European Commission donated further $36 M. The most important non-European donor State was Japan ($36 M). The number of donors exceeded 180 in one year.
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Which non-European donor was most important to the UNFPA in 2008?
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{ "text": [ "Japan" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 470 ], "end": [ 474 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 108 ], "end": [ 108 ] } ] }
[ "Japan" ]
SQuAD
In response, the EU decided to fill the gap left behind by the US under the Sandbaek report. According to its Annual Report for 2008, the UNFPA received its funding mainly from European Governments: Of the total income of M845.3 M, $118 was donated by the Netherlands, $67 M by Sweden, $62 M by Norway, $54 M by Denmark, $53 M by the UK, $52 M by Spain, $19 M by Luxembourg. The European Commission donated further $36 M. The most important non-European donor State was Japan ($36 M). The number of donors exceeded 180 in one year.
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7cc71617f6f747ec885940680c02fd53
In 2008, over how many countries contributed to the UNFPA?
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{ "text": [ "180" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 515 ], "end": [ 517 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 120 ], "end": [ 120 ] } ] }
[ "180" ]
SQuAD
From 2002 through 2008, the Bush Administration denied funding to UNFPA that had already been allocated by the US Congress, partly on the refuted claims that the UNFPA supported Chinese government programs which include forced abortions and coercive sterilizations. In a letter from the Undersecretary of State for Political Affairs Nicholas Burns to Congress, the administration said it had determined that UNFPA’s support for China’s population program “facilitates (its) government’s coercive abortion program”, thus violating the Kemp-Kasten Amendment, which bans the use of United States aid to finance organizations that support or take part in managing a program of coercive abortion of sterilization.
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Which 21st century administration denied funding to UNFPA?
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{ "text": [ "the Bush Administration" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 24 ], "end": [ 46 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 5 ], "end": [ 7 ] } ] }
[ "the Bush Administration" ]
SQuAD
From 2002 through 2008, the Bush Administration denied funding to UNFPA that had already been allocated by the US Congress, partly on the refuted claims that the UNFPA supported Chinese government programs which include forced abortions and coercive sterilizations. In a letter from the Undersecretary of State for Political Affairs Nicholas Burns to Congress, the administration said it had determined that UNFPA’s support for China’s population program “facilitates (its) government’s coercive abortion program”, thus violating the Kemp-Kasten Amendment, which bans the use of United States aid to finance organizations that support or take part in managing a program of coercive abortion of sterilization.
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During what period did the administration deny funding?
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{ "text": [ "From 2002 through 2008" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 0 ], "end": [ 21 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 0 ], "end": [ 3 ] } ] }
[ "From 2002 through 2008" ]
SQuAD
From 2002 through 2008, the Bush Administration denied funding to UNFPA that had already been allocated by the US Congress, partly on the refuted claims that the UNFPA supported Chinese government programs which include forced abortions and coercive sterilizations. In a letter from the Undersecretary of State for Political Affairs Nicholas Burns to Congress, the administration said it had determined that UNFPA’s support for China’s population program “facilitates (its) government’s coercive abortion program”, thus violating the Kemp-Kasten Amendment, which bans the use of United States aid to finance organizations that support or take part in managing a program of coercive abortion of sterilization.
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edadeb1ec1ab445ea9f291a8c92b2cba
Who allocates UNFPA funding in the U.S.?
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{ "text": [ "the US Congress" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 107 ], "end": [ 121 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 18 ], "end": [ 20 ] } ] }
[ "the US Congress" ]
SQuAD
From 2002 through 2008, the Bush Administration denied funding to UNFPA that had already been allocated by the US Congress, partly on the refuted claims that the UNFPA supported Chinese government programs which include forced abortions and coercive sterilizations. In a letter from the Undersecretary of State for Political Affairs Nicholas Burns to Congress, the administration said it had determined that UNFPA’s support for China’s population program “facilitates (its) government’s coercive abortion program”, thus violating the Kemp-Kasten Amendment, which bans the use of United States aid to finance organizations that support or take part in managing a program of coercive abortion of sterilization.
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What in the Chinese program caused trouble for UNFPA?
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[ "forced abortions and coercive sterilizations" ]
SQuAD
From 2002 through 2008, the Bush Administration denied funding to UNFPA that had already been allocated by the US Congress, partly on the refuted claims that the UNFPA supported Chinese government programs which include forced abortions and coercive sterilizations. In a letter from the Undersecretary of State for Political Affairs Nicholas Burns to Congress, the administration said it had determined that UNFPA’s support for China’s population program “facilitates (its) government’s coercive abortion program”, thus violating the Kemp-Kasten Amendment, which bans the use of United States aid to finance organizations that support or take part in managing a program of coercive abortion of sterilization.
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What amendment did the administration believe the UNFPA funding violated?
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{ "text": [ "the Kemp-Kasten Amendment" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 530 ], "end": [ 554 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 87 ], "end": [ 91 ] } ] }
[ "the Kemp-Kasten Amendment" ]
SQuAD
Many regions in Russia were affected by the Soviet famine of 1932–1933: Volga; Central Black Soil Region; North Caucasus; the Urals; the Crimea; part of Western Siberia; and the Kazak ASSR. With the adoption of the 1936 Soviet Constitution on December 5, 1936, the size of the RSFSR was significantly reduced. The Kazakh ASSR and Kirghiz ASSR were transformed into the Kazakh and Kirghiz Soviet Socialist Republics. The Karakalpak Autonomous Socialist Soviet Republic was transferred to the Uzbek SSR.
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During what span was there a famine in the Soviet Union?
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{ "text": [ "1932–1933" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 61 ], "end": [ 69 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 11 ], "end": [ 11 ] } ] }
[ "1932–1933" ]
SQuAD
Many regions in Russia were affected by the Soviet famine of 1932–1933: Volga; Central Black Soil Region; North Caucasus; the Urals; the Crimea; part of Western Siberia; and the Kazak ASSR. With the adoption of the 1936 Soviet Constitution on December 5, 1936, the size of the RSFSR was significantly reduced. The Kazakh ASSR and Kirghiz ASSR were transformed into the Kazakh and Kirghiz Soviet Socialist Republics. The Karakalpak Autonomous Socialist Soviet Republic was transferred to the Uzbek SSR.
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What document was ratified on December 5, 1936?
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{ "text": [ "the 1936 Soviet Constitution" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 211 ], "end": [ 238 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 43 ], "end": [ 46 ] } ] }
[ "the 1936 Soviet Constitution" ]
SQuAD
Many regions in Russia were affected by the Soviet famine of 1932–1933: Volga; Central Black Soil Region; North Caucasus; the Urals; the Crimea; part of Western Siberia; and the Kazak ASSR. With the adoption of the 1936 Soviet Constitution on December 5, 1936, the size of the RSFSR was significantly reduced. The Kazakh ASSR and Kirghiz ASSR were transformed into the Kazakh and Kirghiz Soviet Socialist Republics. The Karakalpak Autonomous Socialist Soviet Republic was transferred to the Uzbek SSR.
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What were the Kazakh ASSR and Kirghiz ASSR renamed per the 1936 Soviet Constitution?
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{ "text": [ "the Kazakh and Kirghiz Soviet Socialist Republics" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 365 ], "end": [ 413 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 71 ], "end": [ 77 ] } ] }
[ "the Kazakh and Kirghiz Soviet Socialist Republics" ]
SQuAD
Many regions in Russia were affected by the Soviet famine of 1932–1933: Volga; Central Black Soil Region; North Caucasus; the Urals; the Crimea; part of Western Siberia; and the Kazak ASSR. With the adoption of the 1936 Soviet Constitution on December 5, 1936, the size of the RSFSR was significantly reduced. The Kazakh ASSR and Kirghiz ASSR were transformed into the Kazakh and Kirghiz Soviet Socialist Republics. The Karakalpak Autonomous Socialist Soviet Republic was transferred to the Uzbek SSR.
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What republic did the Karakalpak Autonomous Socialist Soviet Republic become a part of?
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{ "text": [ "the Uzbek SSR" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 487 ], "end": [ 499 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 88 ], "end": [ 90 ] } ] }
[ "the Uzbek SSR" ]
SQuAD
Many regions in Russia were affected by the Soviet famine of 1932–1933: Volga; Central Black Soil Region; North Caucasus; the Urals; the Crimea; part of Western Siberia; and the Kazak ASSR. With the adoption of the 1936 Soviet Constitution on December 5, 1936, the size of the RSFSR was significantly reduced. The Kazakh ASSR and Kirghiz ASSR were transformed into the Kazakh and Kirghiz Soviet Socialist Republics. The Karakalpak Autonomous Socialist Soviet Republic was transferred to the Uzbek SSR.
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What effect did the 1936 Soviet Constitution have on the size of the Russia?
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{ "text": [ "reduced" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 301 ], "end": [ 307 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 60 ], "end": [ 60 ] } ] }
[ "reduced" ]
SQuAD
In 1943, Karachay Autonomous Oblast was dissolved by Joseph Stalin, when the Karachays were exiled to Central Asia for their alleged collaboration with the Germans and territory was incorporated into the Georgian SSR.
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Which oblast was broken up in 1943?
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{ "text": [ "Karachay Autonomous Oblast" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 9 ], "end": [ 34 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 3 ], "end": [ 5 ] } ] }
[ "Karachay Autonomous Oblast" ]
SQuAD
In 1943, Karachay Autonomous Oblast was dissolved by Joseph Stalin, when the Karachays were exiled to Central Asia for their alleged collaboration with the Germans and territory was incorporated into the Georgian SSR.
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Where were the Karachays sent after their oblast was broken up?
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{ "text": [ "Central Asia" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 102 ], "end": [ 113 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 18 ], "end": [ 19 ] } ] }
[ "Central Asia" ]
SQuAD
In 1943, Karachay Autonomous Oblast was dissolved by Joseph Stalin, when the Karachays were exiled to Central Asia for their alleged collaboration with the Germans and territory was incorporated into the Georgian SSR.
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Which SSR received the land of the Karachays' oblast?
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{ "text": [ "the Georgian SSR" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 200 ], "end": [ 215 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 32 ], "end": [ 34 ] } ] }
[ "the Georgian SSR" ]
SQuAD
In 1943, Karachay Autonomous Oblast was dissolved by Joseph Stalin, when the Karachays were exiled to Central Asia for their alleged collaboration with the Germans and territory was incorporated into the Georgian SSR.
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Who broke up the Karachays' oblast?
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{ "text": [ "Joseph Stalin" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 53 ], "end": [ 65 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 9 ], "end": [ 10 ] } ] }
[ "Joseph Stalin" ]
SQuAD
In 1943, Karachay Autonomous Oblast was dissolved by Joseph Stalin, when the Karachays were exiled to Central Asia for their alleged collaboration with the Germans and territory was incorporated into the Georgian SSR.
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Who eliminated the Karachay Autonomous Oblast?
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{ "text": [ "Joseph Stalin" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 53 ], "end": [ 65 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 9 ], "end": [ 10 ] } ] }
[ "Joseph Stalin" ]
SQuAD
In 1943, Karachay Autonomous Oblast was dissolved by Joseph Stalin, when the Karachays were exiled to Central Asia for their alleged collaboration with the Germans and territory was incorporated into the Georgian SSR.
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10f94593ce9e495d90f68f8b042512ee
When was the Karachay Autonomous Oblast ended?
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{ "text": [ "1943" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 3 ], "end": [ 6 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 1 ], "end": [ 1 ] } ] }
[ "1943" ]
SQuAD
In 1943, Karachay Autonomous Oblast was dissolved by Joseph Stalin, when the Karachays were exiled to Central Asia for their alleged collaboration with the Germans and territory was incorporated into the Georgian SSR.
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e22e504d1b504838b76b69abd743d517
To where were the Karachays exiled?
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{ "text": [ "Central Asia" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 102 ], "end": [ 113 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 18 ], "end": [ 19 ] } ] }
[ "Central Asia" ]
SQuAD
In 1943, Karachay Autonomous Oblast was dissolved by Joseph Stalin, when the Karachays were exiled to Central Asia for their alleged collaboration with the Germans and territory was incorporated into the Georgian SSR.
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Why were the Karachays exiled?
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{ "text": [ "alleged collaboration with the Germans" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 125 ], "end": [ 162 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 22 ], "end": [ 26 ] } ] }
[ "alleged collaboration with the Germans" ]
SQuAD
In 1943, Karachay Autonomous Oblast was dissolved by Joseph Stalin, when the Karachays were exiled to Central Asia for their alleged collaboration with the Germans and territory was incorporated into the Georgian SSR.
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c7b82482c32649afaab31db9b7979029
What republic was the territory of the Karachay Autonomous Oblast transferred to?
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{ "text": [ "Georgian SSR" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 204 ], "end": [ 215 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 33 ], "end": [ 34 ] } ] }
[ "Georgian SSR" ]
SQuAD
On December 30, 1922, with the creation of the Soviet Union, Russia became one of six republics within the federation of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. The final Soviet name for the republic, the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic, was adopted in the Soviet Constitution of 1936. By that time, Soviet Russia had gained roughly the same borders of the old Tsardom of Russia before the Great Northern War of 1700.
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c8624517070d45ceb97ad010013b1ce5
When was the Soviet Union created?
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{ "text": [ "December 30, 1922" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 3 ], "end": [ 19 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 1 ], "end": [ 4 ] } ] }
[ "December 30, 1922" ]
SQuAD
On December 30, 1922, with the creation of the Soviet Union, Russia became one of six republics within the federation of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. The final Soviet name for the republic, the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic, was adopted in the Soviet Constitution of 1936. By that time, Soviet Russia had gained roughly the same borders of the old Tsardom of Russia before the Great Northern War of 1700.
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How many republics were in the USSR?
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{ "text": [ "six" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 82 ], "end": [ 84 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 18 ], "end": [ 18 ] } ] }
[ "six" ]
SQuAD
On December 30, 1922, with the creation of the Soviet Union, Russia became one of six republics within the federation of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. The final Soviet name for the republic, the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic, was adopted in the Soviet Constitution of 1936. By that time, Soviet Russia had gained roughly the same borders of the old Tsardom of Russia before the Great Northern War of 1700.
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4c5ea3ac7fe24edb9846a550931d8086
What name for Russia was listed in the Soviet Constitution?
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{ "text": [ "the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 202 ], "end": [ 249 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 39 ], "end": [ 44 ] } ] }
[ "the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic" ]
SQuAD
On December 30, 1922, with the creation of the Soviet Union, Russia became one of six republics within the federation of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. The final Soviet name for the republic, the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic, was adopted in the Soviet Constitution of 1936. By that time, Soviet Russia had gained roughly the same borders of the old Tsardom of Russia before the Great Northern War of 1700.
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When did the Soviet Union include the final Russian name for its republic in the Constitution?
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{ "text": [ "1936" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 294 ], "end": [ 297 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 53 ], "end": [ 53 ] } ] }
[ "1936" ]
SQuAD
On December 30, 1922, with the creation of the Soviet Union, Russia became one of six republics within the federation of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. The final Soviet name for the republic, the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic, was adopted in the Soviet Constitution of 1936. By that time, Soviet Russia had gained roughly the same borders of the old Tsardom of Russia before the Great Northern War of 1700.
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In which war was Russia involved in 1700?
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{ "text": [ "the Great Northern War" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 400 ], "end": [ 421 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 74 ], "end": [ 77 ] } ] }
[ "the Great Northern War" ]
SQuAD
On December 30, 1922, with the creation of the Soviet Union, Russia became one of six republics within the federation of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. The final Soviet name for the republic, the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic, was adopted in the Soviet Constitution of 1936. By that time, Soviet Russia had gained roughly the same borders of the old Tsardom of Russia before the Great Northern War of 1700.
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54e8fca8e9d3415e8f5404a49a1c3ed6
On what date was the Soviet Union created?
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{ "text": [ "December 30, 1922" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 3 ], "end": [ 19 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 1 ], "end": [ 4 ] } ] }
[ "December 30, 1922" ]
SQuAD
On December 30, 1922, with the creation of the Soviet Union, Russia became one of six republics within the federation of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. The final Soviet name for the republic, the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic, was adopted in the Soviet Constitution of 1936. By that time, Soviet Russia had gained roughly the same borders of the old Tsardom of Russia before the Great Northern War of 1700.
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dc3ddefccfc545ea99a388eeb136128b
How many republics made up the USSR by the end of 1922?
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{ "text": [ "six" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 82 ], "end": [ 84 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 18 ], "end": [ 18 ] } ] }
[ "six" ]
SQuAD
On December 30, 1922, with the creation of the Soviet Union, Russia became one of six republics within the federation of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. The final Soviet name for the republic, the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic, was adopted in the Soviet Constitution of 1936. By that time, Soviet Russia had gained roughly the same borders of the old Tsardom of Russia before the Great Northern War of 1700.
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In what year was the name Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic adopted?
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{ "text": [ "1936" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 294 ], "end": [ 297 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 53 ], "end": [ 53 ] } ] }
[ "1936" ]
SQuAD
On December 30, 1922, with the creation of the Soviet Union, Russia became one of six republics within the federation of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. The final Soviet name for the republic, the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic, was adopted in the Soviet Constitution of 1936. By that time, Soviet Russia had gained roughly the same borders of the old Tsardom of Russia before the Great Northern War of 1700.
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aa482f2f118f4d4fb5d1dfb79508cdea
What document renamed the country the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic?
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{ "text": [ "Soviet Constitution of 1936" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 271 ], "end": [ 297 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 50 ], "end": [ 53 ] } ] }
[ "Soviet Constitution of 1936" ]
SQuAD
On December 30, 1922, with the creation of the Soviet Union, Russia became one of six republics within the federation of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. The final Soviet name for the republic, the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic, was adopted in the Soviet Constitution of 1936. By that time, Soviet Russia had gained roughly the same borders of the old Tsardom of Russia before the Great Northern War of 1700.
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In what year was the Great Northern War fought?
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{ "text": [ "1700" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 426 ], "end": [ 429 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 79 ], "end": [ 79 ] } ] }
[ "1700" ]
SQuAD
On February 8, 1955, Malenkov was officially demoted to deputy Prime Minister. As First Secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party, Nikita Khrushchev's authority was significantly enhanced by Malenkov's demotion.
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Who was demoted on February 8, 1955?
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{ "text": [ "Malenkov" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 21 ], "end": [ 28 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 6 ], "end": [ 6 ] } ] }
[ "Malenkov" ]
SQuAD
On February 8, 1955, Malenkov was officially demoted to deputy Prime Minister. As First Secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party, Nikita Khrushchev's authority was significantly enhanced by Malenkov's demotion.
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48461330b1214239bc39187c9b8df514
To what position was Malenkov demoted?
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{ "text": [ "deputy Prime Minister" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 56 ], "end": [ 76 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 11 ], "end": [ 13 ] } ] }
[ "deputy Prime Minister" ]
SQuAD
On February 8, 1955, Malenkov was officially demoted to deputy Prime Minister. As First Secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party, Nikita Khrushchev's authority was significantly enhanced by Malenkov's demotion.
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What position was held by Nikita Khrushchev?
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{ "text": [ "First Secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 82 ], "end": [ 144 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 16 ], "end": [ 25 ] } ] }
[ "First Secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party" ]
SQuAD
On February 8, 1955, Malenkov was officially demoted to deputy Prime Minister. As First Secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party, Nikita Khrushchev's authority was significantly enhanced by Malenkov's demotion.
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Who benefited from the demotion of Malenkov?
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{ "text": [ "Nikita Khrushchev" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 147 ], "end": [ 163 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 27 ], "end": [ 28 ] } ] }
[ "Nikita Khrushchev" ]
SQuAD
Under the leadership of Vladimir Lenin, the Bolsheviks established the Soviet state on 7 November [O.S. 25 October] 1917, immediately after the Russian Provisional Government, which governed the Russian Republic, was overthrown during the October Revolution. Initially, the state did not have an official name and wasn't recognized by neighboring countries for five months. Meanwhile, anti-Bolsheviks coined the mocking label "Sovdepia" for the nascent state of the "Soviets of Workers' and Peasants' Deputies".
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Which group originally created the Soviet state?
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{ "text": [ "the Bolsheviks" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 40 ], "end": [ 53 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 7 ], "end": [ 8 ] } ] }
[ "the Bolsheviks" ]
SQuAD
Under the leadership of Vladimir Lenin, the Bolsheviks established the Soviet state on 7 November [O.S. 25 October] 1917, immediately after the Russian Provisional Government, which governed the Russian Republic, was overthrown during the October Revolution. Initially, the state did not have an official name and wasn't recognized by neighboring countries for five months. Meanwhile, anti-Bolsheviks coined the mocking label "Sovdepia" for the nascent state of the "Soviets of Workers' and Peasants' Deputies".
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1e33c2bf6e6842b7b347e05ed9374e44
Who led the group which created the Soviet state?
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{ "text": [ "Vladimir Lenin" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 24 ], "end": [ 37 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 4 ], "end": [ 5 ] } ] }
[ "Vladimir Lenin" ]
SQuAD
Under the leadership of Vladimir Lenin, the Bolsheviks established the Soviet state on 7 November [O.S. 25 October] 1917, immediately after the Russian Provisional Government, which governed the Russian Republic, was overthrown during the October Revolution. Initially, the state did not have an official name and wasn't recognized by neighboring countries for five months. Meanwhile, anti-Bolsheviks coined the mocking label "Sovdepia" for the nascent state of the "Soviets of Workers' and Peasants' Deputies".
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Which government was overthrown during the October Revolution?
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{ "text": [ "the Russian Provisional Government" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 140 ], "end": [ 173 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 25 ], "end": [ 28 ] } ] }
[ "the Russian Provisional Government" ]
SQuAD
Under the leadership of Vladimir Lenin, the Bolsheviks established the Soviet state on 7 November [O.S. 25 October] 1917, immediately after the Russian Provisional Government, which governed the Russian Republic, was overthrown during the October Revolution. Initially, the state did not have an official name and wasn't recognized by neighboring countries for five months. Meanwhile, anti-Bolsheviks coined the mocking label "Sovdepia" for the nascent state of the "Soviets of Workers' and Peasants' Deputies".
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How long did the new Russian Soviet state go unrecognized by other countries?
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{ "text": [ "five months" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 361 ], "end": [ 371 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 61 ], "end": [ 62 ] } ] }
[ "five months" ]
SQuAD
Under the leadership of Vladimir Lenin, the Bolsheviks established the Soviet state on 7 November [O.S. 25 October] 1917, immediately after the Russian Provisional Government, which governed the Russian Republic, was overthrown during the October Revolution. Initially, the state did not have an official name and wasn't recognized by neighboring countries for five months. Meanwhile, anti-Bolsheviks coined the mocking label "Sovdepia" for the nascent state of the "Soviets of Workers' and Peasants' Deputies".
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5b1fdbbac8de4871aa0c0a16e73c4480
What name did people opposed to the Bolsheviks use for the Soviet state?
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{ "text": [ "Sovdepia" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 427 ], "end": [ 434 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 74 ], "end": [ 74 ] } ] }
[ "Sovdepia" ]
SQuAD
Under the leadership of Vladimir Lenin, the Bolsheviks established the Soviet state on 7 November [O.S. 25 October] 1917, immediately after the Russian Provisional Government, which governed the Russian Republic, was overthrown during the October Revolution. Initially, the state did not have an official name and wasn't recognized by neighboring countries for five months. Meanwhile, anti-Bolsheviks coined the mocking label "Sovdepia" for the nascent state of the "Soviets of Workers' and Peasants' Deputies".
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Who was the leader of the Bolsheviks in 1917?
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{ "text": [ "Vladimir Lenin" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 24 ], "end": [ 37 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 4 ], "end": [ 5 ] } ] }
[ "Vladimir Lenin" ]
SQuAD
Under the leadership of Vladimir Lenin, the Bolsheviks established the Soviet state on 7 November [O.S. 25 October] 1917, immediately after the Russian Provisional Government, which governed the Russian Republic, was overthrown during the October Revolution. Initially, the state did not have an official name and wasn't recognized by neighboring countries for five months. Meanwhile, anti-Bolsheviks coined the mocking label "Sovdepia" for the nascent state of the "Soviets of Workers' and Peasants' Deputies".
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8fd7f55597bc4c11b82398a9c67a15c7
What body was overthrown by the October Revolution?
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{ "text": [ "Russian Provisional Government" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 144 ], "end": [ 173 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 26 ], "end": [ 28 ] } ] }
[ "Russian Provisional Government" ]
SQuAD
Under the leadership of Vladimir Lenin, the Bolsheviks established the Soviet state on 7 November [O.S. 25 October] 1917, immediately after the Russian Provisional Government, which governed the Russian Republic, was overthrown during the October Revolution. Initially, the state did not have an official name and wasn't recognized by neighboring countries for five months. Meanwhile, anti-Bolsheviks coined the mocking label "Sovdepia" for the nascent state of the "Soviets of Workers' and Peasants' Deputies".
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4558fb12a5ef480f9412c8cf4e039d7c
For how long did the Soviet Union go unrecognized?
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{ "text": [ "five months" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 361 ], "end": [ 371 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 61 ], "end": [ 62 ] } ] }
[ "five months" ]
SQuAD
Under the leadership of Vladimir Lenin, the Bolsheviks established the Soviet state on 7 November [O.S. 25 October] 1917, immediately after the Russian Provisional Government, which governed the Russian Republic, was overthrown during the October Revolution. Initially, the state did not have an official name and wasn't recognized by neighboring countries for five months. Meanwhile, anti-Bolsheviks coined the mocking label "Sovdepia" for the nascent state of the "Soviets of Workers' and Peasants' Deputies".
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903818a400cd4032b73cc9d245c1ba71
What derisive label was given to the USSR by the enemies of the Bolsheviks?
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{ "text": [ "Sovdepia" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 427 ], "end": [ 434 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 74 ], "end": [ 74 ] } ] }
[ "Sovdepia" ]
SQuAD
On August 23, after the failure of GKChP, in the presence of Gorbachev, Yeltsin signed a decree suspending all activity by the Communist Party of the Russian SFSR in the territory of Russia. On November 6, he went further, banning the Communist Parties of the USSR and the RSFSR from the territory of the RSFSR.
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7ce481b3891d4a379154b62fbec8e008
On what date was the Communist Party of the Russian SFSR suspended?
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{ "text": [ "August 23" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 3 ], "end": [ 11 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 1 ], "end": [ 2 ] } ] }
[ "August 23" ]
SQuAD
On August 23, after the failure of GKChP, in the presence of Gorbachev, Yeltsin signed a decree suspending all activity by the Communist Party of the Russian SFSR in the territory of Russia. On November 6, he went further, banning the Communist Parties of the USSR and the RSFSR from the territory of the RSFSR.
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beb698c4e05041c1a22afb3e7a443c41
Who signed the decree suspending the Communist Party of the Russian SFSR?
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{ "text": [ "Yeltsin" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 72 ], "end": [ 78 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 16 ], "end": [ 16 ] } ] }
[ "Yeltsin" ]
SQuAD
On August 23, after the failure of GKChP, in the presence of Gorbachev, Yeltsin signed a decree suspending all activity by the Communist Party of the Russian SFSR in the territory of Russia. On November 6, he went further, banning the Communist Parties of the USSR and the RSFSR from the territory of the RSFSR.
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0a26999fcf914103b16973da7d731316
On what date was the Communist Parties of the USSR banned from operating in the RSFSR?
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{ "text": [ "November 6" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 194 ], "end": [ 203 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 38 ], "end": [ 39 ] } ] }
[ "November 6" ]
SQuAD
On August 23, after the failure of GKChP, in the presence of Gorbachev, Yeltsin signed a decree suspending all activity by the Communist Party of the Russian SFSR in the territory of Russia. On November 6, he went further, banning the Communist Parties of the USSR and the RSFSR from the territory of the RSFSR.
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ebe1914994294f1e9fc3bd7286082809
Aside from Yeltsin, what notable figure was present at the signing of the August 23 decree?
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{ "text": [ "Gorbachev" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 61 ], "end": [ 69 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 14 ], "end": [ 14 ] } ] }
[ "Gorbachev" ]
SQuAD
On March 3, 1944, on the orders of Stalin, the Chechen-Ingush ASSR was disbanded and its population forcibly deported upon the accusations of collaboration with the invaders and separatism. The territory of the ASSR was divided between other administrative unit of Russian SFSR and the Georgian SSR.
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b8cbbabef32d4ad7b3ffc9b3ad54c47a
What state was dissolved on March 3, 1944?
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{ "text": [ "the Chechen-Ingush ASSR" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 43 ], "end": [ 65 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 12 ], "end": [ 16 ] } ] }
[ "the Chechen-Ingush ASSR" ]
SQuAD
On March 3, 1944, on the orders of Stalin, the Chechen-Ingush ASSR was disbanded and its population forcibly deported upon the accusations of collaboration with the invaders and separatism. The territory of the ASSR was divided between other administrative unit of Russian SFSR and the Georgian SSR.
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075a8e38fc754aa184b7d9401ae6fa12
Who ordered the deportation of the residents of the Chechen-Ingush ASSR?
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{ "text": [ "Stalin" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 35 ], "end": [ 40 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 10 ], "end": [ 10 ] } ] }
[ "Stalin" ]
SQuAD
On March 3, 1944, on the orders of Stalin, the Chechen-Ingush ASSR was disbanded and its population forcibly deported upon the accusations of collaboration with the invaders and separatism. The territory of the ASSR was divided between other administrative unit of Russian SFSR and the Georgian SSR.
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9cb9c06452b549299f06295b862a0d22
Why were the residents of the Chechen-Ingush ASSR deported?
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{ "text": [ "accusations of collaboration with the invaders and separatism" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 127 ], "end": [ 187 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 26 ], "end": [ 33 ] } ] }
[ "accusations of collaboration with the invaders and separatism" ]
SQuAD
On March 3, 1944, on the orders of Stalin, the Chechen-Ingush ASSR was disbanded and its population forcibly deported upon the accusations of collaboration with the invaders and separatism. The territory of the ASSR was divided between other administrative unit of Russian SFSR and the Georgian SSR.
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8b92820db7be445f8d623d42b0709b66
Along with the RSFSR, what republic received territory from the former Chechen-Ingush ASSR?
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{ "text": [ "Georgian SSR" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 286 ], "end": [ 297 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 51 ], "end": [ 52 ] } ] }
[ "Georgian SSR" ]
SQuAD
Roughly 70% of the area in the RSFSR consisted of broad plains, with mountainous tundra regions mainly concentrated in the east. The area is rich in mineral resources, including petroleum, natural gas, and iron ore.
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fe6644d0099145718f37a9d5d0051644
What percentage of the RSFSR was made up of plains?
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{ "text": [ "70%" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 8 ], "end": [ 10 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 1 ], "end": [ 2 ] } ] }
[ "70%" ]
SQuAD
Roughly 70% of the area in the RSFSR consisted of broad plains, with mountainous tundra regions mainly concentrated in the east. The area is rich in mineral resources, including petroleum, natural gas, and iron ore.
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27beb2b8b21b44d99ff7057025efce52
In what part of the RSFSR did tundra mainly exist?
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{ "text": [ "the east" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 119 ], "end": [ 126 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 21 ], "end": [ 22 ] } ] }
[ "the east" ]
SQuAD
Roughly 70% of the area in the RSFSR consisted of broad plains, with mountainous tundra regions mainly concentrated in the east. The area is rich in mineral resources, including petroleum, natural gas, and iron ore.
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a0ce6ca8eb9d4678a0fe3aabe8d3bae4
Along with petroleum and iron ore, what resource was abundant in the RSFSR?
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{ "text": [ "natural gas" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 189 ], "end": [ 199 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 35 ], "end": [ 36 ] } ] }
[ "natural gas" ]
SQuAD
The Russian SFSR was controlled by the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, until the abortive 1991 August coup, which prompted President Yeltsin to suspend the recently created Communist Party of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic.
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283f6b4a88ef4b3bab8b24153ed0016d
What political organization controlled the RSFSR up to 1991?
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{ "text": [ "the Communist Party of the Soviet Union" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 35 ], "end": [ 73 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 6 ], "end": [ 12 ] } ] }
[ "the Communist Party of the Soviet Union" ]
SQuAD
The Russian SFSR was controlled by the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, until the abortive 1991 August coup, which prompted President Yeltsin to suspend the recently created Communist Party of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic.
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What event prompted the end to the control of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union in the RSFSR?
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{ "text": [ "the abortive 1991 August coup" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 82 ], "end": [ 110 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 15 ], "end": [ 19 ] } ] }
[ "the abortive 1991 August coup" ]
SQuAD
The Russian SFSR was controlled by the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, until the abortive 1991 August coup, which prompted President Yeltsin to suspend the recently created Communist Party of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic.
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Who suspended the Communist Party of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic?
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{ "text": [ "Yeltsin" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 138 ], "end": [ 144 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 24 ], "end": [ 24 ] } ] }
[ "Yeltsin" ]
SQuAD
At the end of World War II Soviet troops occupied southern Sakhalin Island and the Kuril Islands, making them part of the RSFSR. The status of the southernmost Kurils remains in dispute with Japan.
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Along with Sakhalin Island, what islands were occupied by the Soviets after the Second World War?
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{ "text": [ "Kuril Islands" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 83 ], "end": [ 95 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 15 ], "end": [ 16 ] } ] }
[ "Kuril Islands" ]
SQuAD
At the end of World War II Soviet troops occupied southern Sakhalin Island and the Kuril Islands, making them part of the RSFSR. The status of the southernmost Kurils remains in dispute with Japan.
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What administrative division did Sakhalin Island become a part of?
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{ "text": [ "the RSFSR" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 118 ], "end": [ 126 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 22 ], "end": [ 23 ] } ] }
[ "the RSFSR" ]
SQuAD
At the end of World War II Soviet troops occupied southern Sakhalin Island and the Kuril Islands, making them part of the RSFSR. The status of the southernmost Kurils remains in dispute with Japan.
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The ownership of what islands are disputed with Japan?
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{ "text": [ "the southernmost Kurils" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 143 ], "end": [ 165 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 28 ], "end": [ 30 ] } ] }
[ "the southernmost Kurils" ]
SQuAD
The final name for the republic during the Soviet era was adopted by the Russian Constitution of 1937, which renamed it the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic.
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What was Soviet Russia called as of 1937?
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{ "text": [ "the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 120 ], "end": [ 167 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 22 ], "end": [ 27 ] } ] }
[ "the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic" ]
SQuAD
The final name for the republic during the Soviet era was adopted by the Russian Constitution of 1937, which renamed it the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic.
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What document changed the name of Russia in 1937?
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{ "text": [ "the Russian Constitution of 1937" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 69 ], "end": [ 100 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 13 ], "end": [ 17 ] } ] }
[ "the Russian Constitution of 1937" ]
SQuAD
On June 12, 1990, the Congress of People's Deputies adopted the Declaration of State Sovereignty. On June 12, 1991, Boris Yeltsin was elected the first President. On December 8, 1991, heads of Russia, Ukraine and Belarus signed the Belavezha Accords. The agreement declared dissolution of the USSR by its founder states (i.e. denunciation of 1922 Treaty on the Creation of the USSR) and established the CIS. On December 12, the agreement was ratified by the Russian Parliament, therefore Russian SFSR denounced the Treaty on the Creation of the USSR and de facto declared Russia's independence from the USSR.
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On what date was the Declaration of State Sovereignty adopted?
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{ "text": [ "June 12, 1990" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 3 ], "end": [ 15 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 1 ], "end": [ 4 ] } ] }
[ "June 12, 1990" ]
SQuAD
On June 12, 1990, the Congress of People's Deputies adopted the Declaration of State Sovereignty. On June 12, 1991, Boris Yeltsin was elected the first President. On December 8, 1991, heads of Russia, Ukraine and Belarus signed the Belavezha Accords. The agreement declared dissolution of the USSR by its founder states (i.e. denunciation of 1922 Treaty on the Creation of the USSR) and established the CIS. On December 12, the agreement was ratified by the Russian Parliament, therefore Russian SFSR denounced the Treaty on the Creation of the USSR and de facto declared Russia's independence from the USSR.
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Who became president on June 12, 1991?
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{ "text": [ "Boris Yeltsin" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 116 ], "end": [ 128 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 25 ], "end": [ 26 ] } ] }
[ "Boris Yeltsin" ]
SQuAD
On June 12, 1990, the Congress of People's Deputies adopted the Declaration of State Sovereignty. On June 12, 1991, Boris Yeltsin was elected the first President. On December 8, 1991, heads of Russia, Ukraine and Belarus signed the Belavezha Accords. The agreement declared dissolution of the USSR by its founder states (i.e. denunciation of 1922 Treaty on the Creation of the USSR) and established the CIS. On December 12, the agreement was ratified by the Russian Parliament, therefore Russian SFSR denounced the Treaty on the Creation of the USSR and de facto declared Russia's independence from the USSR.
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On what date were the Belavezha Accords signed?
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{ "text": [ "December 8, 1991" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 166 ], "end": [ 181 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 34 ], "end": [ 37 ] } ] }
[ "December 8, 1991" ]
SQuAD
On June 12, 1990, the Congress of People's Deputies adopted the Declaration of State Sovereignty. On June 12, 1991, Boris Yeltsin was elected the first President. On December 8, 1991, heads of Russia, Ukraine and Belarus signed the Belavezha Accords. The agreement declared dissolution of the USSR by its founder states (i.e. denunciation of 1922 Treaty on the Creation of the USSR) and established the CIS. On December 12, the agreement was ratified by the Russian Parliament, therefore Russian SFSR denounced the Treaty on the Creation of the USSR and de facto declared Russia's independence from the USSR.
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When did the Russian Parliament ratify the Belavezha Accords?
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{ "text": [ "December 12" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 411 ], "end": [ 421 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 81 ], "end": [ 82 ] } ] }
[ "December 12" ]
SQuAD
On June 12, 1990, the Congress of People's Deputies adopted the Declaration of State Sovereignty. On June 12, 1991, Boris Yeltsin was elected the first President. On December 8, 1991, heads of Russia, Ukraine and Belarus signed the Belavezha Accords. The agreement declared dissolution of the USSR by its founder states (i.e. denunciation of 1922 Treaty on the Creation of the USSR) and established the CIS. On December 12, the agreement was ratified by the Russian Parliament, therefore Russian SFSR denounced the Treaty on the Creation of the USSR and de facto declared Russia's independence from the USSR.
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What agreement did the Belavezha Accords supersede?
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{ "text": [ "1922 Treaty on the Creation of the USSR" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 342 ], "end": [ 380 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 66 ], "end": [ 73 ] } ] }
[ "1922 Treaty on the Creation of the USSR" ]
SQuAD
On December 25, 1991, the Russian SFSR was renamed the Russian Federation. On December 26, 1991, the USSR was self-dissolved by the Soviet of Nationalities, which by that time was the only functioning house of the Supreme Soviet (the other house, Soviet of the Union, had already lost the quorum after recall of its members by the union republics). After dissolution of the USSR, Russia declared that it assumed the rights and obligations of the dissolved central Soviet government, including UN membership.
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de7af70643ed4ac6b2e8d79bee5356f3
What was the new name given to the RSFSR on December 25, 1991?
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{ "text": [ "Russian Federation" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 55 ], "end": [ 72 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 12 ], "end": [ 13 ] } ] }
[ "Russian Federation" ]
SQuAD
On December 25, 1991, the Russian SFSR was renamed the Russian Federation. On December 26, 1991, the USSR was self-dissolved by the Soviet of Nationalities, which by that time was the only functioning house of the Supreme Soviet (the other house, Soviet of the Union, had already lost the quorum after recall of its members by the union republics). After dissolution of the USSR, Russia declared that it assumed the rights and obligations of the dissolved central Soviet government, including UN membership.
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fb2f9808cb9e4da3821bc1bad7e4886d
On what date was the USSR dissolved?
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{ "text": [ "December 26, 1991" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 78 ], "end": [ 94 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 16 ], "end": [ 19 ] } ] }
[ "December 26, 1991" ]
SQuAD
On December 25, 1991, the Russian SFSR was renamed the Russian Federation. On December 26, 1991, the USSR was self-dissolved by the Soviet of Nationalities, which by that time was the only functioning house of the Supreme Soviet (the other house, Soviet of the Union, had already lost the quorum after recall of its members by the union republics). After dissolution of the USSR, Russia declared that it assumed the rights and obligations of the dissolved central Soviet government, including UN membership.
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206bd4d222e04fb1bee0ada3899e1425
What body was responsible for the dissolution of the USSR?
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{ "text": [ "Soviet of Nationalities" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 132 ], "end": [ 154 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 29 ], "end": [ 31 ] } ] }
[ "Soviet of Nationalities" ]
SQuAD
On December 25, 1991, the Russian SFSR was renamed the Russian Federation. On December 26, 1991, the USSR was self-dissolved by the Soviet of Nationalities, which by that time was the only functioning house of the Supreme Soviet (the other house, Soviet of the Union, had already lost the quorum after recall of its members by the union republics). After dissolution of the USSR, Russia declared that it assumed the rights and obligations of the dissolved central Soviet government, including UN membership.
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1f97de4e3c3248dcb63feecb956e5b46
What house of the Supreme Soviet was not functioning as of December 26, 1991?
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{ "text": [ "Soviet of the Union" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 247 ], "end": [ 265 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 51 ], "end": [ 54 ] } ] }
[ "Soviet of the Union" ]
SQuAD
On December 25, 1991, the Russian SFSR was renamed the Russian Federation. On December 26, 1991, the USSR was self-dissolved by the Soviet of Nationalities, which by that time was the only functioning house of the Supreme Soviet (the other house, Soviet of the Union, had already lost the quorum after recall of its members by the union republics). After dissolution of the USSR, Russia declared that it assumed the rights and obligations of the dissolved central Soviet government, including UN membership.
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867add7b24cd4f0fab467e9ccdd30110
What was one right of the Soviet government that the government of Russia assumed?
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{ "text": [ "UN membership" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 493 ], "end": [ 505 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 95 ], "end": [ 96 ] } ] }
[ "UN membership" ]
SQuAD
After reconquering Estonia and Latvia in 1944, the Russian SFSR annexed their easternmost territories around Ivangorod and within the modern Pechorsky and Pytalovsky Districts in 1944-1945.
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69ff55dee23344f29a3d9ce87f5dd18c
Along with Estonia, what country was taken over by the Russian SFSR in 1944?
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{ "text": [ "Latvia" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 31 ], "end": [ 36 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 4 ], "end": [ 4 ] } ] }
[ "Latvia" ]
SQuAD
After reconquering Estonia and Latvia in 1944, the Russian SFSR annexed their easternmost territories around Ivangorod and within the modern Pechorsky and Pytalovsky Districts in 1944-1945.
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5863596bb1b741bb9a8f7209ca6bf542
What modern districts of Estonia and Latvia were annexed by the RSFSR in 1944?
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{ "text": [ "Pechorsky and Pytalovsky Districts" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 141 ], "end": [ 174 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 21 ], "end": [ 24 ] } ] }
[ "Pechorsky and Pytalovsky Districts" ]
SQuAD
After reconquering Estonia and Latvia in 1944, the Russian SFSR annexed their easternmost territories around Ivangorod and within the modern Pechorsky and Pytalovsky Districts in 1944-1945.
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86040377b5b74ebfaaeb2ead01c93b81
Near what town did the RSFSR annex territory in 1944?
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{ "text": [ "Ivangorod" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 109 ], "end": [ 117 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 16 ], "end": [ 16 ] } ] }
[ "Ivangorod" ]
SQuAD
On June 12, 1990, the Congress of People's Deputies of the Republic adopted the Declaration of State Sovereignty of the Russian SFSR, which was the beginning of the "War of Laws", pitting the Soviet Union against the Russian Federation and other constituent republics.
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bfc28b923cd54ff9b8d0fd7cca15a440
On what date was the Declaration of State Sovereignty of the Russian SFSR adopted?
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{ "text": [ "June 12, 1990" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 3 ], "end": [ 15 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 1 ], "end": [ 4 ] } ] }
[ "June 12, 1990" ]
SQuAD
On June 12, 1990, the Congress of People's Deputies of the Republic adopted the Declaration of State Sovereignty of the Russian SFSR, which was the beginning of the "War of Laws", pitting the Soviet Union against the Russian Federation and other constituent republics.
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4e55c0b7790e4f318497fe5cbb2f61ed
What body passed the Declaration of State Sovereignty of the Russian SFSR?
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{ "text": [ "the Congress of People's Deputies of the Republic" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 18 ], "end": [ 66 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 6 ], "end": [ 14 ] } ] }
[ "the Congress of People's Deputies of the Republic" ]
SQuAD
On June 12, 1990, the Congress of People's Deputies of the Republic adopted the Declaration of State Sovereignty of the Russian SFSR, which was the beginning of the "War of Laws", pitting the Soviet Union against the Russian Federation and other constituent republics.
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0f8df789f0354e14bca8a99e78e28aff
What was the name of the period inaugurated by the passage of the Declaration of State Sovereignty of the Russian SFSR?
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{ "text": [ "the \"War of Laws\"" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 161 ], "end": [ 177 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 31 ], "end": [ 36 ] } ] }
[ "the \"War of Laws\"" ]
SQuAD
On June 12, 1990, the Congress of People's Deputies of the Republic adopted the Declaration of State Sovereignty of the Russian SFSR, which was the beginning of the "War of Laws", pitting the Soviet Union against the Russian Federation and other constituent republics.
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9237e99dc120490dabcf8795fc024660
What government was the Russian Federation fighting against during this period?
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{ "text": [ "the Soviet Union" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 188 ], "end": [ 203 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 39 ], "end": [ 41 ] } ] }
[ "the Soviet Union" ]
SQuAD
In 1964, Nikita Khrushchev was removed from his position of power and replaced with Leonid Brezhnev. Under his rule, the Russian SFSR and the rest of the Soviet Union went through an era of stagnation. Even after he died in 1982, the era didn’t end until Mikhail Gorbachev took power and introduced liberal reforms in Soviet society.
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Who lost power in 1964?
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{ "text": [ "Nikita Khrushchev" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 9 ], "end": [ 25 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 3 ], "end": [ 4 ] } ] }
[ "Nikita Khrushchev" ]
SQuAD
In 1964, Nikita Khrushchev was removed from his position of power and replaced with Leonid Brezhnev. Under his rule, the Russian SFSR and the rest of the Soviet Union went through an era of stagnation. Even after he died in 1982, the era didn’t end until Mikhail Gorbachev took power and introduced liberal reforms in Soviet society.
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Who assumed a position of power in 1964?
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[ "Leonid Brezhnev" ]
SQuAD
In 1964, Nikita Khrushchev was removed from his position of power and replaced with Leonid Brezhnev. Under his rule, the Russian SFSR and the rest of the Soviet Union went through an era of stagnation. Even after he died in 1982, the era didn’t end until Mikhail Gorbachev took power and introduced liberal reforms in Soviet society.
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When did Leonid Brezhnev die?
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[ "1982" ]
SQuAD
In 1964, Nikita Khrushchev was removed from his position of power and replaced with Leonid Brezhnev. Under his rule, the Russian SFSR and the rest of the Soviet Union went through an era of stagnation. Even after he died in 1982, the era didn’t end until Mikhail Gorbachev took power and introduced liberal reforms in Soviet society.
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Whose assumption of power ended the era of stagnation?
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{ "text": [ "Mikhail Gorbachev" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 255 ], "end": [ 271 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 52 ], "end": [ 53 ] } ] }
[ "Mikhail Gorbachev" ]
SQuAD
In 1964, Nikita Khrushchev was removed from his position of power and replaced with Leonid Brezhnev. Under his rule, the Russian SFSR and the rest of the Soviet Union went through an era of stagnation. Even after he died in 1982, the era didn’t end until Mikhail Gorbachev took power and introduced liberal reforms in Soviet society.
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How did Mikhail Gorbachev end the era of stagnation?
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{ "text": [ "introduced liberal reforms in Soviet society" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 288 ], "end": [ 331 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 57 ], "end": [ 62 ] } ] }
[ "introduced liberal reforms in Soviet society" ]
SQuAD
On October 11, 1944, the Tuvan People's Republic joined the Russian SFSR as the Tuvan Autonomous Oblast, in 1961 becoming an Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic.
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What was the Tuvan People's Republic renamed when it joined the RSFSR?
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{ "text": [ "Tuvan Autonomous Oblast" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 80 ], "end": [ 102 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 17 ], "end": [ 19 ] } ] }
[ "Tuvan Autonomous Oblast" ]
SQuAD
On October 11, 1944, the Tuvan People's Republic joined the Russian SFSR as the Tuvan Autonomous Oblast, in 1961 becoming an Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic.
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On what date did the Tuvan People's Republic join the Russian SFSR?
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{ "text": [ "October 11, 1944" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 3 ], "end": [ 18 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 1 ], "end": [ 4 ] } ] }
[ "October 11, 1944" ]
SQuAD
On October 11, 1944, the Tuvan People's Republic joined the Russian SFSR as the Tuvan Autonomous Oblast, in 1961 becoming an Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic.
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What did the former Tuvan People's Republic become in 1961?
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{ "text": [ "an Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 122 ], "end": [ 160 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 24 ], "end": [ 28 ] } ] }
[ "an Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic" ]
SQuAD
In the early years, Universal had a "clean picture" policy. However, by April 1927, Carl Laemmle considered this to be a mistake as "unclean pictures" from other studios were generating more profit while Universal was losing money.
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what was the policy that Universal followed in its early years?
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{ "text": [ "\"clean picture\"" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 36 ], "end": [ 50 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 8 ], "end": [ 11 ] } ] }
[ "\"clean picture\"" ]
SQuAD
In the early years, Universal had a "clean picture" policy. However, by April 1927, Carl Laemmle considered this to be a mistake as "unclean pictures" from other studios were generating more profit while Universal was losing money.
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By what month and year did Laemmle change his opinion on "unclean pictures"?
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{ "text": [ "April 1927" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 72 ], "end": [ 81 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 17 ], "end": [ 18 ] } ] }
[ "April 1927" ]
SQuAD
In the early years, Universal had a "clean picture" policy. However, by April 1927, Carl Laemmle considered this to be a mistake as "unclean pictures" from other studios were generating more profit while Universal was losing money.
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Why did Laemmle change his position on "unclean pictures"?
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{ "text": [ "Universal was losing money" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 204 ], "end": [ 229 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 41 ], "end": [ 44 ] } ] }
[ "Universal was losing money" ]
SQuAD
The Government was known officially as the Council of People's Commissars (1917–1946), Council of Ministers (1946–1978) and Council of Ministers–Government (1978–1991). The first government was headed by Vladimir Lenin as "Chairman of the Council of People's Commissars of the Russian SFSR" and the last by Boris Yeltsin as both head of government and head of state under the title "President".
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What was the government of the RSFSR called up to 1946?
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{ "text": [ "the Council of People's Commissars" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 39 ], "end": [ 72 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 6 ], "end": [ 11 ] } ] }
[ "the Council of People's Commissars" ]
SQuAD
The Government was known officially as the Council of People's Commissars (1917–1946), Council of Ministers (1946–1978) and Council of Ministers–Government (1978–1991). The first government was headed by Vladimir Lenin as "Chairman of the Council of People's Commissars of the Russian SFSR" and the last by Boris Yeltsin as both head of government and head of state under the title "President".
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What was the RSFSR government called starting in 1946?
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{ "text": [ "Council of Ministers" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 87 ], "end": [ 106 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 16 ], "end": [ 18 ] } ] }
[ "Council of Ministers" ]
SQuAD
The Government was known officially as the Council of People's Commissars (1917–1946), Council of Ministers (1946–1978) and Council of Ministers–Government (1978–1991). The first government was headed by Vladimir Lenin as "Chairman of the Council of People's Commissars of the Russian SFSR" and the last by Boris Yeltsin as both head of government and head of state under the title "President".
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When the Soviet Union ended in 1991, what was the RSFSR government called?
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{ "text": [ "Council of Ministers–Government" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 124 ], "end": [ 154 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 23 ], "end": [ 27 ] } ] }
[ "Council of Ministers–Government" ]
SQuAD
The Government was known officially as the Council of People's Commissars (1917–1946), Council of Ministers (1946–1978) and Council of Ministers–Government (1978–1991). The first government was headed by Vladimir Lenin as "Chairman of the Council of People's Commissars of the Russian SFSR" and the last by Boris Yeltsin as both head of government and head of state under the title "President".
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Who led the first government of the RSFSR?
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{ "text": [ "Vladimir Lenin" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 204 ], "end": [ 217 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 38 ], "end": [ 39 ] } ] }
[ "Vladimir Lenin" ]
SQuAD
The Government was known officially as the Council of People's Commissars (1917–1946), Council of Ministers (1946–1978) and Council of Ministers–Government (1978–1991). The first government was headed by Vladimir Lenin as "Chairman of the Council of People's Commissars of the Russian SFSR" and the last by Boris Yeltsin as both head of government and head of state under the title "President".
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Who led the final government of the RSFSR?
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{ "text": [ "Boris Yeltsin" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 307 ], "end": [ 319 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 59 ], "end": [ 60 ] } ] }
[ "Boris Yeltsin" ]
SQuAD
The international borders of the RSFSR touched Poland on the west; Norway and Finland on the northwest; and to its southeast were the Democratic People's Republic of Korea, Mongolian People's Republic, and the People's Republic of China. Within the Soviet Union, the RSFSR bordered the Ukrainian, Belarusian, Estonian, Latvian and Lithuanian SSRs to its west and Azerbaijan, Georgian and Kazakh SSRs to the south.
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Which country did the RSFSR border on the west?
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{ "text": [ "Poland" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 47 ], "end": [ 52 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 7 ], "end": [ 7 ] } ] }
[ "Poland" ]