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SQuAD
Some agriculturalists also regularly hunt and gather (e.g., farming during the frost-free season and hunting during the winter). Still others in developed countries go hunting, primarily for leisure. In the Brazilian rainforest, those groups that recently did, or even continue to, rely on hunting and gathering techniques seem to have adopted this lifestyle, abandoning most agriculture, as a way to escape colonial control and as a result of the introduction of European diseases reducing their populations to levels where agriculture became difficult.[citation needed][dubious – discuss]
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29e7455913214f85b5c4056d2eecd2e2
What do they sometimes do for entertainment?
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[ "go hunting" ]
SQuAD
Some agriculturalists also regularly hunt and gather (e.g., farming during the frost-free season and hunting during the winter). Still others in developed countries go hunting, primarily for leisure. In the Brazilian rainforest, those groups that recently did, or even continue to, rely on hunting and gathering techniques seem to have adopted this lifestyle, abandoning most agriculture, as a way to escape colonial control and as a result of the introduction of European diseases reducing their populations to levels where agriculture became difficult.[citation needed][dubious – discuss]
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35c3e0e9a007452fa463dd80c73633c0
Why would they leave agricultural lifestyle?
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{ "text": [ "to escape colonial control" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 398 ], "end": [ 423 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 72 ], "end": [ 75 ] } ] }
[ "to escape colonial control" ]
SQuAD
In America, nonprofit organizations like Friends of UNFPA (formerly Americans for UNFPA) worked to compensate for the loss of United States federal funding by raising private donations.
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8706c995c7454de0b8c2e21efd65e6bc
What is one country in which nonprofit organizations try to make up for the loss of United States funding for the UNFPA?
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[ "America" ]
SQuAD
In America, nonprofit organizations like Friends of UNFPA (formerly Americans for UNFPA) worked to compensate for the loss of United States federal funding by raising private donations.
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fb0920474f9c49dcae9e78bec2f8e2b6
What kind of organization is Friends of UNFPA?
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{ "text": [ "nonprofit" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 12 ], "end": [ 20 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 3 ], "end": [ 3 ] } ] }
[ "nonprofit" ]
SQuAD
In America, nonprofit organizations like Friends of UNFPA (formerly Americans for UNFPA) worked to compensate for the loss of United States federal funding by raising private donations.
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004e23f9ca7146acab80b39db00a8b03
What was Friends of UNFPA's previous name?
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{ "text": [ "Americans for UNFPA" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 68 ], "end": [ 86 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 11 ], "end": [ 13 ] } ] }
[ "Americans for UNFPA" ]
SQuAD
In America, nonprofit organizations like Friends of UNFPA (formerly Americans for UNFPA) worked to compensate for the loss of United States federal funding by raising private donations.
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987a51e9c00d4258864623836f51e34e
What type of United States funding does Friends of UNFPA try to replace?
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{ "text": [ "federal funding" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 140 ], "end": [ 154 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 24 ], "end": [ 25 ] } ] }
[ "federal funding" ]
SQuAD
In America, nonprofit organizations like Friends of UNFPA (formerly Americans for UNFPA) worked to compensate for the loss of United States federal funding by raising private donations.
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7ed44570e1424b35973ee4d415b1bbf0
Through what sort of donations does Friends of UNFPA raise money?
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[ "private donations" ]
SQuAD
The Fund raises awareness of and supports efforts to meet these needs in developing countries, advocates close attention to population concerns, and helps developing nations formulate policies and strategies in support of sustainable development. Dr. Osotimehin assumed leadership in January 2011. The Fund is also represented by UNFPA Goodwill Ambassadors and a Patron.
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ce116c1d9e65491bbcc90c0b3c166197
Where does The Fund work to raise awareness and provide support?
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{ "text": [ "developing countries" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 73 ], "end": [ 92 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 13 ], "end": [ 14 ] } ] }
[ "developing countries" ]
SQuAD
The Fund raises awareness of and supports efforts to meet these needs in developing countries, advocates close attention to population concerns, and helps developing nations formulate policies and strategies in support of sustainable development. Dr. Osotimehin assumed leadership in January 2011. The Fund is also represented by UNFPA Goodwill Ambassadors and a Patron.
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a160f2382cc0482980c0cdf8a76e92ee
To what does The Fund advocate that close attention be paid?
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{ "text": [ "population concerns" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 124 ], "end": [ 142 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 20 ], "end": [ 21 ] } ] }
[ "population concerns" ]
SQuAD
The Fund raises awareness of and supports efforts to meet these needs in developing countries, advocates close attention to population concerns, and helps developing nations formulate policies and strategies in support of sustainable development. Dr. Osotimehin assumed leadership in January 2011. The Fund is also represented by UNFPA Goodwill Ambassadors and a Patron.
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8fb9814e171e485ab755a600571cc524
What two things does The Fund help developing nations formulate to support sustainable development?
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{ "text": [ "policies and strategies" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 184 ], "end": [ 206 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 28 ], "end": [ 30 ] } ] }
[ "policies and strategies" ]
SQuAD
The Fund raises awareness of and supports efforts to meet these needs in developing countries, advocates close attention to population concerns, and helps developing nations formulate policies and strategies in support of sustainable development. Dr. Osotimehin assumed leadership in January 2011. The Fund is also represented by UNFPA Goodwill Ambassadors and a Patron.
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b416a81565b54028a73a06a695bf300c
Who took up leadership of The Fund in January 2011?
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[ "Dr. Osotimehin" ]
SQuAD
The Fund raises awareness of and supports efforts to meet these needs in developing countries, advocates close attention to population concerns, and helps developing nations formulate policies and strategies in support of sustainable development. Dr. Osotimehin assumed leadership in January 2011. The Fund is also represented by UNFPA Goodwill Ambassadors and a Patron.
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53344fe672e04e4693fbd847f255891b
The Fund is represented by a Patron and who else?
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SQuAD
It is easy for Western-educated scholars to fall into the trap of viewing hunter-gatherer social and sexual arrangements in the light of Western values.[editorializing] One common arrangement is the sexual division of labour, with women doing most of the gathering, while men concentrate on big game hunting. It might be imagined that this arrangement oppresses women, keeping them in the domestic sphere. However, according to some observers, hunter-gatherer women would not understand this interpretation. Since childcare is collective, with every baby having multiple mothers and male carers, the domestic sphere is not atomised or privatised but an empowering place to be.[citation needed] In all hunter-gatherer societies, women appreciate the meat brought back to camp by men. An illustrative account is Megan Biesele's study of the southern African Ju/'hoan, 'Women Like Meat'. Recent archaeological research suggests that the sexual division of labor was the fundamental organisational innovation that gave Homo sapiens the edge over the Neanderthals, allowing our ancestors to migrate from Africa and spread across the globe.
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106fad5fb2ed408696c08da383134ba4
Who does most of the gathering in a hunter-gatherer society?
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{ "text": [ "women" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 231 ], "end": [ 235 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 40 ], "end": [ 40 ] } ] }
[ "women" ]
SQuAD
It is easy for Western-educated scholars to fall into the trap of viewing hunter-gatherer social and sexual arrangements in the light of Western values.[editorializing] One common arrangement is the sexual division of labour, with women doing most of the gathering, while men concentrate on big game hunting. It might be imagined that this arrangement oppresses women, keeping them in the domestic sphere. However, according to some observers, hunter-gatherer women would not understand this interpretation. Since childcare is collective, with every baby having multiple mothers and male carers, the domestic sphere is not atomised or privatised but an empowering place to be.[citation needed] In all hunter-gatherer societies, women appreciate the meat brought back to camp by men. An illustrative account is Megan Biesele's study of the southern African Ju/'hoan, 'Women Like Meat'. Recent archaeological research suggests that the sexual division of labor was the fundamental organisational innovation that gave Homo sapiens the edge over the Neanderthals, allowing our ancestors to migrate from Africa and spread across the globe.
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What does the argument over women as gathers said to produce ?
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[ "arrangement oppresses women" ]
SQuAD
It is easy for Western-educated scholars to fall into the trap of viewing hunter-gatherer social and sexual arrangements in the light of Western values.[editorializing] One common arrangement is the sexual division of labour, with women doing most of the gathering, while men concentrate on big game hunting. It might be imagined that this arrangement oppresses women, keeping them in the domestic sphere. However, according to some observers, hunter-gatherer women would not understand this interpretation. Since childcare is collective, with every baby having multiple mothers and male carers, the domestic sphere is not atomised or privatised but an empowering place to be.[citation needed] In all hunter-gatherer societies, women appreciate the meat brought back to camp by men. An illustrative account is Megan Biesele's study of the southern African Ju/'hoan, 'Women Like Meat'. Recent archaeological research suggests that the sexual division of labor was the fundamental organisational innovation that gave Homo sapiens the edge over the Neanderthals, allowing our ancestors to migrate from Africa and spread across the globe.
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How is childcare viewed in a hunter-gatherer society?
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{ "text": [ "childcare is collective" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 514 ], "end": [ 536 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 90 ], "end": [ 92 ] } ] }
[ "childcare is collective" ]
SQuAD
On December 25, 1991, following the collapse of the Soviet Union, the republic was renamed the Russian Federation, which it remains to this day. This name and "Russia" were specified as the official state names in the April 21, 1992 amendment to the existing constitution and were retained as such in the 1993 Constitution of Russia.
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When did the Soviet Union break up?
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{ "text": [ "December 25, 1991" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 3 ], "end": [ 19 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 1 ], "end": [ 4 ] } ] }
[ "December 25, 1991" ]
SQuAD
On December 25, 1991, following the collapse of the Soviet Union, the republic was renamed the Russian Federation, which it remains to this day. This name and "Russia" were specified as the official state names in the April 21, 1992 amendment to the existing constitution and were retained as such in the 1993 Constitution of Russia.
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cceddb5d57614112a08de7b0864822cd
Which name did Russia take after the fall of the Soviet Union?
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{ "text": [ "the Russian Federation" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 91 ], "end": [ 112 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 18 ], "end": [ 20 ] } ] }
[ "the Russian Federation" ]
SQuAD
On December 25, 1991, following the collapse of the Soviet Union, the republic was renamed the Russian Federation, which it remains to this day. This name and "Russia" were specified as the official state names in the April 21, 1992 amendment to the existing constitution and were retained as such in the 1993 Constitution of Russia.
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What is the current official name of Russia?
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[ "the Russian Federation" ]
SQuAD
On December 25, 1991, following the collapse of the Soviet Union, the republic was renamed the Russian Federation, which it remains to this day. This name and "Russia" were specified as the official state names in the April 21, 1992 amendment to the existing constitution and were retained as such in the 1993 Constitution of Russia.
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When was the current name for Russia added to the Russian constitution?
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{ "text": [ "April 21, 1992" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 218 ], "end": [ 231 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 44 ], "end": [ 47 ] } ] }
[ "April 21, 1992" ]
SQuAD
On December 25, 1991, following the collapse of the Soviet Union, the republic was renamed the Russian Federation, which it remains to this day. This name and "Russia" were specified as the official state names in the April 21, 1992 amendment to the existing constitution and were retained as such in the 1993 Constitution of Russia.
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6cefcfb6579146289c21b0d7d25d861e
When was Russia renamed the Russian Federation?
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{ "text": [ "December 25, 1991" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 3 ], "end": [ 19 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 1 ], "end": [ 4 ] } ] }
[ "December 25, 1991" ]
SQuAD
On December 25, 1991, following the collapse of the Soviet Union, the republic was renamed the Russian Federation, which it remains to this day. This name and "Russia" were specified as the official state names in the April 21, 1992 amendment to the existing constitution and were retained as such in the 1993 Constitution of Russia.
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f375e198a7664db5be1f761ae93d7205
What event led to Russia being renamed the Russian Federation?
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{ "text": [ "the collapse of the Soviet Union" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 32 ], "end": [ 63 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 7 ], "end": [ 12 ] } ] }
[ "the collapse of the Soviet Union" ]
SQuAD
On December 25, 1991, following the collapse of the Soviet Union, the republic was renamed the Russian Federation, which it remains to this day. This name and "Russia" were specified as the official state names in the April 21, 1992 amendment to the existing constitution and were retained as such in the 1993 Constitution of Russia.
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d9cdccd5e2db4cab8d2cb6eeeef4a648
When was Russia made an official state name of the Russian Federation?
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{ "text": [ "April 21, 1992" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 218 ], "end": [ 231 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 44 ], "end": [ 47 ] } ] }
[ "April 21, 1992" ]
SQuAD
On December 25, 1991, following the collapse of the Soviet Union, the republic was renamed the Russian Federation, which it remains to this day. This name and "Russia" were specified as the official state names in the April 21, 1992 amendment to the existing constitution and were retained as such in the 1993 Constitution of Russia.
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7912831d994f4c39973e32487425d0db
What 1993 document confirmed Russia as an official state name of the Russian Federation?
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[ "1993 Constitution of Russia" ]
SQuAD
At the same conference, Marshall Sahlins presented a paper entitled, "Notes on the Original Affluent Society", in which he challenged the popular view of hunter-gatherers lives as "solitary, poor, nasty, brutish and short," as Thomas Hobbes had put it in 1651. According to Sahlins, ethnographic data indicated that hunter-gatherers worked far fewer hours and enjoyed more leisure than typical members of industrial society, and they still ate well. Their "affluence" came from the idea that they were satisfied with very little in the material sense. Later, in 1996, Ross Sackett performed two distinct meta-analyses to empirically test Sahlin's view. The first of these studies looked at 102 time-allocation studies, and the second one analyzed 207 energy-expenditure studies. Sackett found that adults in foraging and horticultural societies work, on average, about 6.5 hours a day, where as people in agricultural and industrial societies work on average 8.8 hours a day.
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adc92827d5104861b86222d904dfe8db
Who called hunter-gathers the original affluent society?
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[ "Marshall Sahlins" ]
SQuAD
At the same conference, Marshall Sahlins presented a paper entitled, "Notes on the Original Affluent Society", in which he challenged the popular view of hunter-gatherers lives as "solitary, poor, nasty, brutish and short," as Thomas Hobbes had put it in 1651. According to Sahlins, ethnographic data indicated that hunter-gatherers worked far fewer hours and enjoyed more leisure than typical members of industrial society, and they still ate well. Their "affluence" came from the idea that they were satisfied with very little in the material sense. Later, in 1996, Ross Sackett performed two distinct meta-analyses to empirically test Sahlin's view. The first of these studies looked at 102 time-allocation studies, and the second one analyzed 207 energy-expenditure studies. Sackett found that adults in foraging and horticultural societies work, on average, about 6.5 hours a day, where as people in agricultural and industrial societies work on average 8.8 hours a day.
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243b723feb75453b92331618ebaacd7f
When did Ross Sackett study time and energy for hunter-gartherer groups?
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[ "1996" ]
SQuAD
At the same conference, Marshall Sahlins presented a paper entitled, "Notes on the Original Affluent Society", in which he challenged the popular view of hunter-gatherers lives as "solitary, poor, nasty, brutish and short," as Thomas Hobbes had put it in 1651. According to Sahlins, ethnographic data indicated that hunter-gatherers worked far fewer hours and enjoyed more leisure than typical members of industrial society, and they still ate well. Their "affluence" came from the idea that they were satisfied with very little in the material sense. Later, in 1996, Ross Sackett performed two distinct meta-analyses to empirically test Sahlin's view. The first of these studies looked at 102 time-allocation studies, and the second one analyzed 207 energy-expenditure studies. Sackett found that adults in foraging and horticultural societies work, on average, about 6.5 hours a day, where as people in agricultural and industrial societies work on average 8.8 hours a day.
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c505444dffc843e3ba2bde815bc97b7e
How long a day do people in other societies work?
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[ "8.8 hours a day" ]
SQuAD
UNFPA provided aid to Peru's reproductive health program in the mid-to-late '90s. When it was discovered a Peruvian program had been engaged in carrying out coercive sterilizations, UNFPA called for reforms and protocols to protect the rights of women seeking assistance. UNFPA was not involved in the scandal, but continued work with the country after the abuses had become public to help end the abuses and reform laws and practices.
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3d79c4a107264d17b5e26e4e79e34627
During what period did UNFPA aid Peru's reproductive health program?
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{ "text": [ "the mid-to-late '90s" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 60 ], "end": [ 79 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 10 ], "end": [ 17 ] } ] }
[ "the mid-to-late '90s" ]
SQuAD
UNFPA provided aid to Peru's reproductive health program in the mid-to-late '90s. When it was discovered a Peruvian program had been engaged in carrying out coercive sterilizations, UNFPA called for reforms and protocols to protect the rights of women seeking assistance. UNFPA was not involved in the scandal, but continued work with the country after the abuses had become public to help end the abuses and reform laws and practices.
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d7a215e801b945e8afe4322fb3c59294
Peru was found to have been coercing what?
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{ "text": [ "sterilizations" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 166 ], "end": [ 179 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 33 ], "end": [ 33 ] } ] }
[ "sterilizations" ]
SQuAD
UNFPA provided aid to Peru's reproductive health program in the mid-to-late '90s. When it was discovered a Peruvian program had been engaged in carrying out coercive sterilizations, UNFPA called for reforms and protocols to protect the rights of women seeking assistance. UNFPA was not involved in the scandal, but continued work with the country after the abuses had become public to help end the abuses and reform laws and practices.
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7fb214f07a294e449b1f56ceadb72a37
UNFPA responded to Peruvian abuses by calling for what?
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{ "text": [ "reforms and protocols" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 199 ], "end": [ 219 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 38 ], "end": [ 40 ] } ] }
[ "reforms and protocols" ]
SQuAD
UNFPA provided aid to Peru's reproductive health program in the mid-to-late '90s. When it was discovered a Peruvian program had been engaged in carrying out coercive sterilizations, UNFPA called for reforms and protocols to protect the rights of women seeking assistance. UNFPA was not involved in the scandal, but continued work with the country after the abuses had become public to help end the abuses and reform laws and practices.
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4716fafad1604d61bbc09008307edd3f
UNFPA's goal in Peru was to protect whose rights?
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{ "text": [ "women seeking assistance" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 246 ], "end": [ 269 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 46 ], "end": [ 48 ] } ] }
[ "women seeking assistance" ]
SQuAD
UNFPA provided aid to Peru's reproductive health program in the mid-to-late '90s. When it was discovered a Peruvian program had been engaged in carrying out coercive sterilizations, UNFPA called for reforms and protocols to protect the rights of women seeking assistance. UNFPA was not involved in the scandal, but continued work with the country after the abuses had become public to help end the abuses and reform laws and practices.
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e4457bb489b743f08be1665a6211f18a
After the scandal became public, what did UNFPA work to reform in Peru?
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{ "text": [ "laws and practices" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 416 ], "end": [ 433 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 77 ], "end": [ 79 ] } ] }
[ "laws and practices" ]
SQuAD
However, according to then-Secretary of State Colin Powell, the UNFPA contributed vehicles and computers to the Chinese to carry out their population control policies. However, both the Washington Post and the Washington Times reported that Powell simply fell in line, signing a brief written by someone else.
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2ed3a4851b814619a96220fa9b10067a
What policies did a State Department official accuse UNFPA of helping China carry out?
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[ "population control policies" ]
SQuAD
However, according to then-Secretary of State Colin Powell, the UNFPA contributed vehicles and computers to the Chinese to carry out their population control policies. However, both the Washington Post and the Washington Times reported that Powell simply fell in line, signing a brief written by someone else.
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8e1f06d6cf204e2da219446e8f01cf2b
What was this official's position at the time?
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[ "Secretary of State" ]
SQuAD
However, according to then-Secretary of State Colin Powell, the UNFPA contributed vehicles and computers to the Chinese to carry out their population control policies. However, both the Washington Post and the Washington Times reported that Powell simply fell in line, signing a brief written by someone else.
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82bc3118ddc046f581532abe60bb814d
Who was the official that accused UNFPA?
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[ "Colin Powell" ]
SQuAD
However, according to then-Secretary of State Colin Powell, the UNFPA contributed vehicles and computers to the Chinese to carry out their population control policies. However, both the Washington Post and the Washington Times reported that Powell simply fell in line, signing a brief written by someone else.
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f2a2000fb48740a7933d1f42cf446af4
What was UNFPA accused of contributing to the Chinese program?
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{ "text": [ "vehicles and computers" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 82 ], "end": [ 103 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 15 ], "end": [ 17 ] } ] }
[ "vehicles and computers" ]
SQuAD
However, according to then-Secretary of State Colin Powell, the UNFPA contributed vehicles and computers to the Chinese to carry out their population control policies. However, both the Washington Post and the Washington Times reported that Powell simply fell in line, signing a brief written by someone else.
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d7bd54a9fae649f3b996b8e42673ee6d
What papers reported on this incident?
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{ "text": [ "the Washington Post and the Washington Times" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 182 ], "end": [ 225 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 32 ], "end": [ 38 ] } ] }
[ "the Washington Post and the Washington Times" ]
SQuAD
The United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA), formerly the United Nations Fund for Population Activities, is a UN organization. The UNFPA says it "is the lead UN agency for delivering a world where every pregnancy is wanted, every childbirth is safe and every young person's potential is fulfilled." Their work involves the improvement of reproductive health; including creation of national strategies and protocols, and providing supplies and services. The organization has recently been known for its worldwide campaign against obstetric fistula and female genital mutilation.
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143d0ef4ed394687ad4960aabef8c613
What is the current name of the United Nations Fund for Population Activities?
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{ "text": [ "United Nations Population Fund" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 4 ], "end": [ 33 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 1 ], "end": [ 4 ] } ] }
[ "United Nations Population Fund" ]
SQuAD
The United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA), formerly the United Nations Fund for Population Activities, is a UN organization. The UNFPA says it "is the lead UN agency for delivering a world where every pregnancy is wanted, every childbirth is safe and every young person's potential is fulfilled." Their work involves the improvement of reproductive health; including creation of national strategies and protocols, and providing supplies and services. The organization has recently been known for its worldwide campaign against obstetric fistula and female genital mutilation.
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04ae696d570d4521b39005a147ea63d4
UNFPA's work concerns what general area?
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{ "text": [ "reproductive health" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 338 ], "end": [ 356 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 63 ], "end": [ 64 ] } ] }
[ "reproductive health" ]
SQuAD
The United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA), formerly the United Nations Fund for Population Activities, is a UN organization. The UNFPA says it "is the lead UN agency for delivering a world where every pregnancy is wanted, every childbirth is safe and every young person's potential is fulfilled." Their work involves the improvement of reproductive health; including creation of national strategies and protocols, and providing supplies and services. The organization has recently been known for its worldwide campaign against obstetric fistula and female genital mutilation.
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fc135855c8b34831a44dd8d6132915d4
One of UNFPA's goals is to make all pregnancies what?
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{ "text": [ "wanted" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 215 ], "end": [ 220 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 41 ], "end": [ 41 ] } ] }
[ "wanted" ]
SQuAD
The United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA), formerly the United Nations Fund for Population Activities, is a UN organization. The UNFPA says it "is the lead UN agency for delivering a world where every pregnancy is wanted, every childbirth is safe and every young person's potential is fulfilled." Their work involves the improvement of reproductive health; including creation of national strategies and protocols, and providing supplies and services. The organization has recently been known for its worldwide campaign against obstetric fistula and female genital mutilation.
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7e43005fb59544eaa243b8632927afa2
Another of UNFPA's goals is to make all childbirths what?
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{ "text": [ "safe" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 243 ], "end": [ 246 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 46 ], "end": [ 46 ] } ] }
[ "safe" ]
SQuAD
The United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA), formerly the United Nations Fund for Population Activities, is a UN organization. The UNFPA says it "is the lead UN agency for delivering a world where every pregnancy is wanted, every childbirth is safe and every young person's potential is fulfilled." Their work involves the improvement of reproductive health; including creation of national strategies and protocols, and providing supplies and services. The organization has recently been known for its worldwide campaign against obstetric fistula and female genital mutilation.
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dc31f2b7b808456d9add1fb6ded2b4c1
What, in addition to its work against obstetric fistula, is UNFPA campaigning against?
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[ "female genital mutilation" ]
SQuAD
For most of the Soviet Union's existence, it was commonly referred to as "Russia," even though technically "Russia" was only one republic within the larger union—albeit by far the largest, most powerful and most highly developed.
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fc37d8788d4d4b8990e852ef29f121df
What was the common name of the Soviet Union?
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{ "text": [ "Russia" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 74 ], "end": [ 79 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 16 ], "end": [ 16 ] } ] }
[ "Russia" ]
SQuAD
For most of the Soviet Union's existence, it was commonly referred to as "Russia," even though technically "Russia" was only one republic within the larger union—albeit by far the largest, most powerful and most highly developed.
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3e180498c888404a869df78bdce4b158
Technically, what type of state was Russia?
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{ "text": [ "republic" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 129 ], "end": [ 136 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 28 ], "end": [ 28 ] } ] }
[ "republic" ]
SQuAD
For most of the Soviet Union's existence, it was commonly referred to as "Russia," even though technically "Russia" was only one republic within the larger union—albeit by far the largest, most powerful and most highly developed.
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3e9fcc67dd2f4b6e95900cf742bd11aa
What was the largest republic in the Soviet Union?
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[ "Russia" ]
SQuAD
In the early 1980s, a small but vocal segment of anthropologists and archaeologists attempted to demonstrate that contemporary groups usually identified as hunter-gatherers do not, in most cases, have a continuous history of hunting and gathering, and that in many cases their ancestors were agriculturalists and/or pastoralists[citation needed] who were pushed into marginal areas as a result of migrations, economic exploitation, and/or violent conflict (see, for example, the Kalahari Debate). The result of their effort has been the general acknowledgement that there has been complex interaction between hunter-gatherers and non-hunter-gatherers for millennia.[citation needed]
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If they're not purely hunter-gatherers, then what do they have a history of being?
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[ "agriculturalists" ]
SQuAD
In the early 1980s, a small but vocal segment of anthropologists and archaeologists attempted to demonstrate that contemporary groups usually identified as hunter-gatherers do not, in most cases, have a continuous history of hunting and gathering, and that in many cases their ancestors were agriculturalists and/or pastoralists[citation needed] who were pushed into marginal areas as a result of migrations, economic exploitation, and/or violent conflict (see, for example, the Kalahari Debate). The result of their effort has been the general acknowledgement that there has been complex interaction between hunter-gatherers and non-hunter-gatherers for millennia.[citation needed]
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What caused these one-time agriculturalists to become foragers??
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{ "text": [ "pushed into marginal areas" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 355 ], "end": [ 380 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 57 ], "end": [ 60 ] } ] }
[ "pushed into marginal areas" ]
SQuAD
In the early 1980s, a small but vocal segment of anthropologists and archaeologists attempted to demonstrate that contemporary groups usually identified as hunter-gatherers do not, in most cases, have a continuous history of hunting and gathering, and that in many cases their ancestors were agriculturalists and/or pastoralists[citation needed] who were pushed into marginal areas as a result of migrations, economic exploitation, and/or violent conflict (see, for example, the Kalahari Debate). The result of their effort has been the general acknowledgement that there has been complex interaction between hunter-gatherers and non-hunter-gatherers for millennia.[citation needed]
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What kind of upset could force agriculturalists into being foragers?
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[ "migrations" ]
SQuAD
In the early 1980s, a small but vocal segment of anthropologists and archaeologists attempted to demonstrate that contemporary groups usually identified as hunter-gatherers do not, in most cases, have a continuous history of hunting and gathering, and that in many cases their ancestors were agriculturalists and/or pastoralists[citation needed] who were pushed into marginal areas as a result of migrations, economic exploitation, and/or violent conflict (see, for example, the Kalahari Debate). The result of their effort has been the general acknowledgement that there has been complex interaction between hunter-gatherers and non-hunter-gatherers for millennia.[citation needed]
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Besides economic troubles, what else could push a people into foraging?
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[ "violent conflict" ]
SQuAD
The RSFSR was established on November 7, 1917 (October Revolution) as a sovereign state. The first Constitution was adopted in 1918. In 1922 the Russian SFSR signed the Treaty on the Creation of the USSR.
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On what date was the RSFSR established?
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[ "November 7, 1917" ]
SQuAD
The RSFSR was established on November 7, 1917 (October Revolution) as a sovereign state. The first Constitution was adopted in 1918. In 1922 the Russian SFSR signed the Treaty on the Creation of the USSR.
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What event led to the establishment of the RSFSR?
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{ "text": [ "October Revolution" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 47 ], "end": [ 64 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 10 ], "end": [ 11 ] } ] }
[ "October Revolution" ]
SQuAD
The RSFSR was established on November 7, 1917 (October Revolution) as a sovereign state. The first Constitution was adopted in 1918. In 1922 the Russian SFSR signed the Treaty on the Creation of the USSR.
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8ac2e0c9209b4125a1a7d470480e6f09
In what year was the Constitution adopted?
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{ "text": [ "1918" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 127 ], "end": [ 130 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 24 ], "end": [ 24 ] } ] }
[ "1918" ]
SQuAD
The RSFSR was established on November 7, 1917 (October Revolution) as a sovereign state. The first Constitution was adopted in 1918. In 1922 the Russian SFSR signed the Treaty on the Creation of the USSR.
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The Treaty on the Creation of the USSR was signed in what year?
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[ "1922" ]
SQuAD
Many hunter-gatherers consciously manipulate the landscape through cutting or burning undesirable plants while encouraging desirable ones, some even going to the extent of slash-and-burn to create habitat for game animals. These activities are on an entirely different scale to those associated with agriculture, but they are nevertheless domestication on some level. Today, almost all hunter-gatherers depend to some extent upon domesticated food sources either produced part-time or traded for products acquired in the wild.
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What do hunter-gathers intentionally manipulate?
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[ "the landscape" ]
SQuAD
Many hunter-gatherers consciously manipulate the landscape through cutting or burning undesirable plants while encouraging desirable ones, some even going to the extent of slash-and-burn to create habitat for game animals. These activities are on an entirely different scale to those associated with agriculture, but they are nevertheless domestication on some level. Today, almost all hunter-gatherers depend to some extent upon domesticated food sources either produced part-time or traded for products acquired in the wild.
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How do they manage the landscape?
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{ "text": [ "cutting or burning undesirable plants" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 67 ], "end": [ 103 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 9 ], "end": [ 13 ] } ] }
[ "cutting or burning undesirable plants" ]
SQuAD
Many hunter-gatherers consciously manipulate the landscape through cutting or burning undesirable plants while encouraging desirable ones, some even going to the extent of slash-and-burn to create habitat for game animals. These activities are on an entirely different scale to those associated with agriculture, but they are nevertheless domestication on some level. Today, almost all hunter-gatherers depend to some extent upon domesticated food sources either produced part-time or traded for products acquired in the wild.
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What technique do they use to make animal habitats?
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{ "text": [ "slash-and-burn" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 172 ], "end": [ 185 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 26 ], "end": [ 30 ] } ] }
[ "slash-and-burn" ]
SQuAD
Many hunter-gatherers consciously manipulate the landscape through cutting or burning undesirable plants while encouraging desirable ones, some even going to the extent of slash-and-burn to create habitat for game animals. These activities are on an entirely different scale to those associated with agriculture, but they are nevertheless domestication on some level. Today, almost all hunter-gatherers depend to some extent upon domesticated food sources either produced part-time or traded for products acquired in the wild.
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2fa35bd897c747b7b32003d77d8059d1
What is the manipulation of the landscape associated with?
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[ "agriculture" ]
SQuAD
Many hunter-gatherers consciously manipulate the landscape through cutting or burning undesirable plants while encouraging desirable ones, some even going to the extent of slash-and-burn to create habitat for game animals. These activities are on an entirely different scale to those associated with agriculture, but they are nevertheless domestication on some level. Today, almost all hunter-gatherers depend to some extent upon domesticated food sources either produced part-time or traded for products acquired in the wild.
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c638d2158df442618404004293dfb84e
What do modern hunter-gatherers depend on at least somewhat?
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[ "domesticated food" ]
SQuAD
Hunter-gatherers would eventually flourish all over the Americas, primarily based in the Great Plains of the United States and Canada, with offshoots as far east as the Gaspé Peninsula on the Atlantic coast, and as far south as Chile, Monte Verde.[citation needed] American hunter-gatherers were spread over a wide geographical area, thus there were regional variations in lifestyles. However, all the individual groups shared a common style of stone tool production, making knapping styles and progress identifiable. This early Paleo-Indian period lithic reduction tool adaptations have been found across the Americas, utilized by highly mobile bands consisting of approximately 25 to 50 members of an extended family.
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b11e6c3642c546b3b3b8128570c3c2c3
Where did the North American hunter-gathers mostly live?
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{ "text": [ "Great Plains" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 89 ], "end": [ 100 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 15 ], "end": [ 16 ] } ] }
[ "Great Plains" ]
SQuAD
Hunter-gatherers would eventually flourish all over the Americas, primarily based in the Great Plains of the United States and Canada, with offshoots as far east as the Gaspé Peninsula on the Atlantic coast, and as far south as Chile, Monte Verde.[citation needed] American hunter-gatherers were spread over a wide geographical area, thus there were regional variations in lifestyles. However, all the individual groups shared a common style of stone tool production, making knapping styles and progress identifiable. This early Paleo-Indian period lithic reduction tool adaptations have been found across the Americas, utilized by highly mobile bands consisting of approximately 25 to 50 members of an extended family.
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39bba7de09a5425a9ab12c38ece17afd
What basic trait do all hunter-gatherers share?
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{ "text": [ "stone tool production" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 445 ], "end": [ 465 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 80 ], "end": [ 82 ] } ] }
[ "stone tool production" ]
SQuAD
Hunter-gatherers would eventually flourish all over the Americas, primarily based in the Great Plains of the United States and Canada, with offshoots as far east as the Gaspé Peninsula on the Atlantic coast, and as far south as Chile, Monte Verde.[citation needed] American hunter-gatherers were spread over a wide geographical area, thus there were regional variations in lifestyles. However, all the individual groups shared a common style of stone tool production, making knapping styles and progress identifiable. This early Paleo-Indian period lithic reduction tool adaptations have been found across the Americas, utilized by highly mobile bands consisting of approximately 25 to 50 members of an extended family.
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77bd94ad6c4145c09ccfdee1d1cac6f0
What is it about the tool styles that is remarkable?
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{ "text": [ "common style" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 429 ], "end": [ 440 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 77 ], "end": [ 78 ] } ] }
[ "common style" ]
SQuAD
Hunter-gatherers would eventually flourish all over the Americas, primarily based in the Great Plains of the United States and Canada, with offshoots as far east as the Gaspé Peninsula on the Atlantic coast, and as far south as Chile, Monte Verde.[citation needed] American hunter-gatherers were spread over a wide geographical area, thus there were regional variations in lifestyles. However, all the individual groups shared a common style of stone tool production, making knapping styles and progress identifiable. This early Paleo-Indian period lithic reduction tool adaptations have been found across the Americas, utilized by highly mobile bands consisting of approximately 25 to 50 members of an extended family.
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335a5825880d4eceb3f5dcd81313fb65
Where have early Paleo -Indian tools been found?
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{ "text": [ "across the Americas" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 599 ], "end": [ 617 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 104 ], "end": [ 106 ] } ] }
[ "across the Americas" ]
SQuAD
Hunter-gatherers would eventually flourish all over the Americas, primarily based in the Great Plains of the United States and Canada, with offshoots as far east as the Gaspé Peninsula on the Atlantic coast, and as far south as Chile, Monte Verde.[citation needed] American hunter-gatherers were spread over a wide geographical area, thus there were regional variations in lifestyles. However, all the individual groups shared a common style of stone tool production, making knapping styles and progress identifiable. This early Paleo-Indian period lithic reduction tool adaptations have been found across the Americas, utilized by highly mobile bands consisting of approximately 25 to 50 members of an extended family.
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6f62d238b6ae44d6a216ce2932eb7000
How many members did the mobile tool-making hunters often have?
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{ "text": [ "25 to 50 members" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 680 ], "end": [ 695 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 116 ], "end": [ 119 ] } ] }
[ "25 to 50 members" ]
SQuAD
UNFPA works in partnership with governments, along with other United Nations agencies, communities, NGOs, foundations and the private sector, to raise awareness and mobilize the support and resources needed to achieve its mission to promote the rights and health of women and young people.
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be73b2a2390c464bbf58f66efc4bd6ad
UNFPA's mission is to promote the rights and health of whom?
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[ "women and young people" ]
SQuAD
UNFPA works in partnership with governments, along with other United Nations agencies, communities, NGOs, foundations and the private sector, to raise awareness and mobilize the support and resources needed to achieve its mission to promote the rights and health of women and young people.
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718d0fc870534c52b37e6d28225b3e10
With whom does UNFPA work in partnership?
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{ "text": [ "governments" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 32 ], "end": [ 42 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 5 ], "end": [ 5 ] } ] }
[ "governments" ]
SQuAD
UNFPA works in partnership with governments, along with other United Nations agencies, communities, NGOs, foundations and the private sector, to raise awareness and mobilize the support and resources needed to achieve its mission to promote the rights and health of women and young people.
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7df903a41d1740518402ac14243a0219
With what sort of agencies does UNFPA work?
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{ "text": [ "United Nations agencies" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 62 ], "end": [ 84 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 10 ], "end": [ 12 ] } ] }
[ "United Nations agencies" ]
SQuAD
UNFPA works in partnership with governments, along with other United Nations agencies, communities, NGOs, foundations and the private sector, to raise awareness and mobilize the support and resources needed to achieve its mission to promote the rights and health of women and young people.
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b7231f4918a541f0b0c59cc9335d047c
In addition to mobilizing support and resources, what does UNFPA do with its partners?
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{ "text": [ "raise awareness" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 145 ], "end": [ 159 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 25 ], "end": [ 26 ] } ] }
[ "raise awareness" ]
SQuAD
UNFPA works in partnership with governments, along with other United Nations agencies, communities, NGOs, foundations and the private sector, to raise awareness and mobilize the support and resources needed to achieve its mission to promote the rights and health of women and young people.
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305cbd7cf76349589e6a652a34e9a665
Who does UNFPA work with in addition to government and U.N. agencies?
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{ "text": [ "communities, NGOs, foundations and the private sector" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 87 ], "end": [ 139 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 14 ], "end": [ 22 ] } ] }
[ "communities, NGOs, foundations and the private sector" ]
SQuAD
The Soviet regime first came to power on November 7, 1917, immediately after the Russian Provisional Government, which governed the Russian Republic, was overthrown in the October Revolution. The state it governed, which did not have an official name, would be unrecognized by neighboring countries for another five months.
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8f7744cb46844ee8bbafbe6c8a699c70
When did the Soviet regime first become powerful?
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{ "text": [ "November 7, 1917" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 41 ], "end": [ 56 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 8 ], "end": [ 11 ] } ] }
[ "November 7, 1917" ]
SQuAD
The Soviet regime first came to power on November 7, 1917, immediately after the Russian Provisional Government, which governed the Russian Republic, was overthrown in the October Revolution. The state it governed, which did not have an official name, would be unrecognized by neighboring countries for another five months.
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7aba2fa388fa4dff8ad1ad52af8b1452
Which government was in power before the Soviet regime?
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{ "text": [ "the Russian Provisional Government" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 77 ], "end": [ 110 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 15 ], "end": [ 18 ] } ] }
[ "the Russian Provisional Government" ]
SQuAD
The Soviet regime first came to power on November 7, 1917, immediately after the Russian Provisional Government, which governed the Russian Republic, was overthrown in the October Revolution. The state it governed, which did not have an official name, would be unrecognized by neighboring countries for another five months.
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447119a9dab34f8f951596d99b21ac3e
Which revolution led to the Soviet regime's rise to power?
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{ "text": [ "the October Revolution" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 168 ], "end": [ 189 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 29 ], "end": [ 31 ] } ] }
[ "the October Revolution" ]
SQuAD
The Soviet regime first came to power on November 7, 1917, immediately after the Russian Provisional Government, which governed the Russian Republic, was overthrown in the October Revolution. The state it governed, which did not have an official name, would be unrecognized by neighboring countries for another five months.
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bb9860b3c0ef4ba49773f695b8efaa4f
How long was the state of the Soviet regime unrecognized by other countries?
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{ "text": [ "five months" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 311 ], "end": [ 321 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 54 ], "end": [ 55 ] } ] }
[ "five months" ]
SQuAD
The Soviet regime first came to power on November 7, 1917, immediately after the Russian Provisional Government, which governed the Russian Republic, was overthrown in the October Revolution. The state it governed, which did not have an official name, would be unrecognized by neighboring countries for another five months.
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What was the name of the republic the Russian Provisional Goverment ruled?
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{ "text": [ "the Russian Republic" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 128 ], "end": [ 147 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 22 ], "end": [ 24 ] } ] }
[ "the Russian Republic" ]
SQuAD
The Soviet regime first came to power on November 7, 1917, immediately after the Russian Provisional Government, which governed the Russian Republic, was overthrown in the October Revolution. The state it governed, which did not have an official name, would be unrecognized by neighboring countries for another five months.
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24b9d2d6a6a74fbb825d0dac7d0a8b3c
When did the Soviet government assume power?
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[ "November 7, 1917" ]
SQuAD
The Soviet regime first came to power on November 7, 1917, immediately after the Russian Provisional Government, which governed the Russian Republic, was overthrown in the October Revolution. The state it governed, which did not have an official name, would be unrecognized by neighboring countries for another five months.
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What event led to the assumption of power by the Soviet government?
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{ "text": [ "the October Revolution" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 168 ], "end": [ 189 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 29 ], "end": [ 31 ] } ] }
[ "the October Revolution" ]
SQuAD
The Soviet regime first came to power on November 7, 1917, immediately after the Russian Provisional Government, which governed the Russian Republic, was overthrown in the October Revolution. The state it governed, which did not have an official name, would be unrecognized by neighboring countries for another five months.
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5bad52b7cf4642da9dadb5de131e114e
What body governed Russia prior to the Soviet government?
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{ "text": [ "the Russian Provisional Government" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 77 ], "end": [ 110 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 15 ], "end": [ 18 ] } ] }
[ "the Russian Provisional Government" ]
SQuAD
The Soviet regime first came to power on November 7, 1917, immediately after the Russian Provisional Government, which governed the Russian Republic, was overthrown in the October Revolution. The state it governed, which did not have an official name, would be unrecognized by neighboring countries for another five months.
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9b2db9ba98a449b7924aa587df02b0a8
In months, for how long was the new Soviet state unrecognized?
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{ "text": [ "five" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 311 ], "end": [ 314 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 54 ], "end": [ 54 ] } ] }
[ "five" ]
SQuAD
Internationally, in 1920, the RSFSR was recognized as an independent state only by Estonia, Finland, Latvia and Lithuania in the Treaty of Tartu and by the short-lived Irish Republic.
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8f6b353da04a4f8ab63a20bb6803dbd7
What treaty resulted in the recognition of the RSFSR by Latvia and other states?
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{ "text": [ "Treaty of Tartu" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 129 ], "end": [ 143 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 24 ], "end": [ 26 ] } ] }
[ "Treaty of Tartu" ]
SQuAD
Internationally, in 1920, the RSFSR was recognized as an independent state only by Estonia, Finland, Latvia and Lithuania in the Treaty of Tartu and by the short-lived Irish Republic.
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9197b85dbea344fa94335a0501303c2e
Along with Estonia, Latvia, Finland and Lithuania, what state recognized the RSFSR in 1920?
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{ "text": [ "Irish Republic" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 168 ], "end": [ 181 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 33 ], "end": [ 34 ] } ] }
[ "Irish Republic" ]
SQuAD
In January 2009 President Barack Obama restored US funding to UNFPA, saying in a public statement that he would "look forward to working with Congress to restore US financial support for the UN Population Fund. By resuming funding to UNFPA, the US will be joining 180 other donor nations working collaboratively to reduce poverty, improve the health of women and children, prevent HIV/AIDS and provide family planning assistance to women in 154 countries."
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Which president began funding UNFPA again?
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{ "text": [ "Barack Obama" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 26 ], "end": [ 37 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 4 ], "end": [ 5 ] } ] }
[ "Barack Obama" ]
SQuAD
In January 2009 President Barack Obama restored US funding to UNFPA, saying in a public statement that he would "look forward to working with Congress to restore US financial support for the UN Population Fund. By resuming funding to UNFPA, the US will be joining 180 other donor nations working collaboratively to reduce poverty, improve the health of women and children, prevent HIV/AIDS and provide family planning assistance to women in 154 countries."
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244d1f87b9f340909cbc005cfc6869b5
In what year did U.S. funding of UNFPA resume?
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[ "2009" ]
SQuAD
In January 2009 President Barack Obama restored US funding to UNFPA, saying in a public statement that he would "look forward to working with Congress to restore US financial support for the UN Population Fund. By resuming funding to UNFPA, the US will be joining 180 other donor nations working collaboratively to reduce poverty, improve the health of women and children, prevent HIV/AIDS and provide family planning assistance to women in 154 countries."
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In what month did U.S. funding of UNFPA resume?
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{ "text": [ "January" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 3 ], "end": [ 9 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 1 ], "end": [ 1 ] } ] }
[ "January" ]
SQuAD
In January 2009 President Barack Obama restored US funding to UNFPA, saying in a public statement that he would "look forward to working with Congress to restore US financial support for the UN Population Fund. By resuming funding to UNFPA, the US will be joining 180 other donor nations working collaboratively to reduce poverty, improve the health of women and children, prevent HIV/AIDS and provide family planning assistance to women in 154 countries."
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fdf3ba1db910402d998e99d9507d93c4
The president said the U.S. would be joining how many donor nations?
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{ "text": [ "180" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 264 ], "end": [ 266 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 49 ], "end": [ 49 ] } ] }
[ "180" ]
SQuAD
In January 2009 President Barack Obama restored US funding to UNFPA, saying in a public statement that he would "look forward to working with Congress to restore US financial support for the UN Population Fund. By resuming funding to UNFPA, the US will be joining 180 other donor nations working collaboratively to reduce poverty, improve the health of women and children, prevent HIV/AIDS and provide family planning assistance to women in 154 countries."
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e998469c9abc4ea98e79db9674586a39
The president said funding the U.N. Population Fund would help in how many countries?
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{ "text": [ "154" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 441 ], "end": [ 443 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 79 ], "end": [ 79 ] } ] }
[ "154" ]
SQuAD
The transition from hunting and gathering to agriculture is not necessarily a one way process. It has been argued that hunting and gathering represents an adaptive strategy, which may still be exploited, if necessary, when environmental change causes extreme food stress for agriculturalists. In fact, it is sometimes difficult to draw a clear line between agricultural and hunter-gatherer societies, especially since the widespread adoption of agriculture and resulting cultural diffusion that has occurred in the last 10,000 years.[citation needed] This anthropological view has remained unchanged since the 1960s.[clarification needed][citation needed]
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d3411a5389e648beb02927501024d93b
What is hunting and gathering argued to be?
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{ "text": [ "adaptive strategy" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 155 ], "end": [ 171 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 26 ], "end": [ 27 ] } ] }
[ "adaptive strategy" ]
SQuAD
The transition from hunting and gathering to agriculture is not necessarily a one way process. It has been argued that hunting and gathering represents an adaptive strategy, which may still be exploited, if necessary, when environmental change causes extreme food stress for agriculturalists. In fact, it is sometimes difficult to draw a clear line between agricultural and hunter-gatherer societies, especially since the widespread adoption of agriculture and resulting cultural diffusion that has occurred in the last 10,000 years.[citation needed] This anthropological view has remained unchanged since the 1960s.[clarification needed][citation needed]
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0e04bd375f4c4311a65b2f65abdcb70b
What situation can cause food stresses that make hunting-gathering necessary?
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{ "text": [ "environmental change" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 223 ], "end": [ 242 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 39 ], "end": [ 40 ] } ] }
[ "environmental change" ]
SQuAD
The transition from hunting and gathering to agriculture is not necessarily a one way process. It has been argued that hunting and gathering represents an adaptive strategy, which may still be exploited, if necessary, when environmental change causes extreme food stress for agriculturalists. In fact, it is sometimes difficult to draw a clear line between agricultural and hunter-gatherer societies, especially since the widespread adoption of agriculture and resulting cultural diffusion that has occurred in the last 10,000 years.[citation needed] This anthropological view has remained unchanged since the 1960s.[clarification needed][citation needed]
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f5a58c0ea9194bb2ba90f74e46a282ae
What change from hunting and gathering to agriculture is not easy to mark?
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{ "text": [ "transition" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 4 ], "end": [ 13 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 1 ], "end": [ 1 ] } ] }
[ "transition" ]
SQuAD
The transition from hunting and gathering to agriculture is not necessarily a one way process. It has been argued that hunting and gathering represents an adaptive strategy, which may still be exploited, if necessary, when environmental change causes extreme food stress for agriculturalists. In fact, it is sometimes difficult to draw a clear line between agricultural and hunter-gatherer societies, especially since the widespread adoption of agriculture and resulting cultural diffusion that has occurred in the last 10,000 years.[citation needed] This anthropological view has remained unchanged since the 1960s.[clarification needed][citation needed]
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5695bfc5ed034f139ed22cf7810de54e
Besides the use of agriculture, what other factor clouds the issue of the transition from hunting and gathering to agriculture?
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{ "text": [ "cultural diffusion" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 471 ], "end": [ 488 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 77 ], "end": [ 78 ] } ] }
[ "cultural diffusion" ]
SQuAD
UNFPA has been falsely accused by anti-family planning groups of providing support for government programs which have promoted forced-abortions and coercive sterilizations. Controversies regarding these claims have resulted in a sometimes shaky relationship between the organization and three presidential administrations, that of Ronald Reagan, George H. W. Bush and George W. Bush, withholding funding from the UNFPA.
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7175f1895f9443baa541f4efcd33b579
UNFPA has been accused of supporting what type of abortion?
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{ "text": [ "forced-abortions" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 127 ], "end": [ 142 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 20 ], "end": [ 22 ] } ] }
[ "forced-abortions" ]
SQuAD
UNFPA has been falsely accused by anti-family planning groups of providing support for government programs which have promoted forced-abortions and coercive sterilizations. Controversies regarding these claims have resulted in a sometimes shaky relationship between the organization and three presidential administrations, that of Ronald Reagan, George H. W. Bush and George W. Bush, withholding funding from the UNFPA.
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027451a0997d45daaae4480ca7bfa778
UNFPA has been accused of supporting programs that coerce what?
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{ "text": [ "sterilizations" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 157 ], "end": [ 170 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 25 ], "end": [ 25 ] } ] }
[ "sterilizations" ]
SQuAD
UNFPA has been falsely accused by anti-family planning groups of providing support for government programs which have promoted forced-abortions and coercive sterilizations. Controversies regarding these claims have resulted in a sometimes shaky relationship between the organization and three presidential administrations, that of Ronald Reagan, George H. W. Bush and George W. Bush, withholding funding from the UNFPA.
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932ec239ca6c4dedbe8e62c7e12661b6
What groups have made these accusations against UNFPA?
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{ "text": [ "anti-family planning groups" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 34 ], "end": [ 60 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 6 ], "end": [ 10 ] } ] }
[ "anti-family planning groups" ]
SQuAD
UNFPA has been falsely accused by anti-family planning groups of providing support for government programs which have promoted forced-abortions and coercive sterilizations. Controversies regarding these claims have resulted in a sometimes shaky relationship between the organization and three presidential administrations, that of Ronald Reagan, George H. W. Bush and George W. Bush, withholding funding from the UNFPA.
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Controversy regarding these accusations has caused conflict with how many presidential administrations?
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[ "three" ]
SQuAD
On January 9, 1957, Karachay Autonomous Oblast and Chechen-Ingush Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic were restored by Khrushchev and they were transferred from the Georgian SSR back to the Russian SFSR.
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When was the Chechen-Ingush Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic transferred from the Georgian SSR?
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{ "text": [ "January 9, 1957" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 3 ], "end": [ 17 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 1 ], "end": [ 4 ] } ] }
[ "January 9, 1957" ]
SQuAD
On January 9, 1957, Karachay Autonomous Oblast and Chechen-Ingush Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic were restored by Khrushchev and they were transferred from the Georgian SSR back to the Russian SFSR.
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What territory was transferred along with the Chechen-Ingush Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic?
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{ "text": [ "Karachay Autonomous Oblast" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 20 ], "end": [ 45 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 6 ], "end": [ 8 ] } ] }
[ "Karachay Autonomous Oblast" ]
SQuAD
On January 9, 1957, Karachay Autonomous Oblast and Chechen-Ingush Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic were restored by Khrushchev and they were transferred from the Georgian SSR back to the Russian SFSR.
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Who transferred the Chechen-Ingush Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic in 1957?
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{ "text": [ "Khrushchev" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 120 ], "end": [ 129 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 20 ], "end": [ 20 ] } ] }
[ "Khrushchev" ]
SQuAD
On January 9, 1957, Karachay Autonomous Oblast and Chechen-Ingush Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic were restored by Khrushchev and they were transferred from the Georgian SSR back to the Russian SFSR.
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To what republic was the Karachay Autonomous Oblast transferred in 1957?
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{ "text": [ "the Russian SFSR" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 187 ], "end": [ 202 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 31 ], "end": [ 33 ] } ] }
[ "the Russian SFSR" ]
SQuAD
On January 9, 1957, Karachay Autonomous Oblast and Chechen-Ingush Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic were restored by Khrushchev and they were transferred from the Georgian SSR back to the Russian SFSR.
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What republic had the Karachay Autonomous Oblast previously been a part of?
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{ "text": [ "the Georgian SSR" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 162 ], "end": [ 177 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 26 ], "end": [ 28 ] } ] }
[ "the Georgian SSR" ]
SQuAD
Rep. Christopher H. Smith (R-NJ), criticized the State Department investigation, saying the investigators were shown "Potemkin Villages" where residents had been intimidated into lying about the family-planning program. Dr. Nafis Sadik, former director of UNFPA said her agency had been pivotal in reversing China's coercive population control methods, but a 2005 report by Amnesty International and a separate report by the United States State Department found that coercive techniques were still regularly employed by the Chinese, casting doubt upon Sadik's statements.
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Which representative criticized the the State Department investigation?
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{ "text": [ "Christopher H. Smith" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 5 ], "end": [ 24 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 1 ], "end": [ 3 ] } ] }
[ "Christopher H. Smith" ]
SQuAD
Rep. Christopher H. Smith (R-NJ), criticized the State Department investigation, saying the investigators were shown "Potemkin Villages" where residents had been intimidated into lying about the family-planning program. Dr. Nafis Sadik, former director of UNFPA said her agency had been pivotal in reversing China's coercive population control methods, but a 2005 report by Amnesty International and a separate report by the United States State Department found that coercive techniques were still regularly employed by the Chinese, casting doubt upon Sadik's statements.
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The representative said that inspectors had been show what sort of villages?
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{ "text": [ "Potemkin Villages" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 118 ], "end": [ 134 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 22 ], "end": [ 23 ] } ] }
[ "Potemkin Villages" ]
SQuAD
Rep. Christopher H. Smith (R-NJ), criticized the State Department investigation, saying the investigators were shown "Potemkin Villages" where residents had been intimidated into lying about the family-planning program. Dr. Nafis Sadik, former director of UNFPA said her agency had been pivotal in reversing China's coercive population control methods, but a 2005 report by Amnesty International and a separate report by the United States State Department found that coercive techniques were still regularly employed by the Chinese, casting doubt upon Sadik's statements.
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Which former director defended UNFPA?
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{ "text": [ "Dr. Nafis Sadik" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 220 ], "end": [ 234 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 39 ], "end": [ 41 ] } ] }
[ "Dr. Nafis Sadik" ]
SQuAD
Rep. Christopher H. Smith (R-NJ), criticized the State Department investigation, saying the investigators were shown "Potemkin Villages" where residents had been intimidated into lying about the family-planning program. Dr. Nafis Sadik, former director of UNFPA said her agency had been pivotal in reversing China's coercive population control methods, but a 2005 report by Amnesty International and a separate report by the United States State Department found that coercive techniques were still regularly employed by the Chinese, casting doubt upon Sadik's statements.
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Which NGO investigated the Chinese program in 2005?
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{ "text": [ "Amnesty International" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 374 ], "end": [ 394 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 67 ], "end": [ 68 ] } ] }
[ "Amnesty International" ]