Datasets:

subset
stringclasses
6 values
context
stringlengths
16
17.7k
context_tokens
sequence
qid
stringlengths
32
32
question
stringlengths
1
717
question_tokens
sequence
detected_answers
sequence
answers
sequencelengths
1
25
SQuAD
While the largest European-American population in Montana overall is German, pockets of significant Scandinavian ancestry are prevalent in some of the farming-dominated northern and eastern prairie regions, parallel to nearby regions of North Dakota and Minnesota. Farmers of Irish, Scots, and English roots also settled in Montana. The historically mining-oriented communities of western Montana such as Butte have a wider range of European-American ethnicity; Finns, Eastern Europeans and especially Irish settlers left an indelible mark on the area, as well as people originally from British mining regions such as Cornwall, Devon and Wales. The nearby city of Helena, also founded as a mining camp, had a similar mix in addition to a small Chinatown. Many of Montana's historic logging communities originally attracted people of Scottish, Scandinavian, Slavic, English and Scots-Irish descent.[citation needed]
{ "tokens": [ "While", "the", "largest", "European", "-", "American", "population", "in", "Montana", "overall", "is", "German", ",", "pockets", "of", "significant", "Scandinavian", "ancestry", "are", "prevalent", "in", "some", "of", "the", "farming", "-", "dominated", "northern", "and", "eastern", "prairie", "regions", ",", "parallel", "to", "nearby", "regions", "of", "North", "Dakota", "and", "Minnesota", ".", "Farmers", "of", "Irish", ",", "Scots", ",", "and", "English", "roots", "also", "settled", "in", "Montana", ".", "The", "historically", "mining", "-", "oriented", "communities", "of", "western", "Montana", "such", "as", "Butte", "have", "a", "wider", "range", "of", "European", "-", "American", "ethnicity", ";", "Finns", ",", "Eastern", "Europeans", "and", "especially", "Irish", "settlers", "left", "an", "indelible", "mark", "on", "the", "area", ",", "as", "well", "as", "people", "originally", "from", "British", "mining", "regions", "such", "as", "Cornwall", ",", "Devon", "and", "Wales", ".", "The", "nearby", "city", "of", "Helena", ",", "also", "founded", "as", "a", "mining", "camp", ",", "had", "a", "similar", "mix", "in", "addition", "to", "a", "small", "Chinatown", ".", "Many", "of", "Montana", "'s", "historic", "logging", "communities", "originally", "attracted", "people", "of", "Scottish", ",", "Scandinavian", ",", "Slavic", ",", "English", "and", "Scots", "-", "Irish", "descent.[citation", "needed", "]" ], "offsets": [ 0, 6, 10, 18, 26, 27, 36, 47, 50, 58, 66, 69, 75, 77, 85, 88, 100, 113, 122, 126, 136, 139, 144, 147, 151, 158, 159, 169, 178, 182, 190, 198, 205, 207, 216, 219, 226, 234, 237, 243, 250, 254, 263, 265, 273, 276, 281, 283, 288, 290, 294, 302, 308, 313, 321, 324, 331, 333, 337, 350, 356, 357, 366, 378, 381, 389, 397, 402, 405, 411, 416, 418, 424, 430, 433, 441, 442, 451, 460, 462, 467, 469, 477, 487, 491, 502, 508, 517, 522, 525, 535, 540, 543, 547, 551, 553, 556, 561, 564, 571, 582, 587, 595, 602, 610, 615, 618, 626, 628, 634, 638, 643, 645, 649, 656, 661, 664, 670, 672, 677, 685, 688, 690, 697, 701, 703, 707, 709, 717, 721, 724, 733, 736, 738, 744, 753, 755, 760, 763, 770, 773, 782, 790, 802, 813, 823, 830, 833, 841, 843, 855, 857, 863, 865, 873, 877, 882, 883, 889, 907, 913 ] }
971bd23907414bc4a5ea828bc7387b27
What is the largest European-American race in Montana?
{ "tokens": [ "What", "is", "the", "largest", "European", "-", "American", "race", "in", "Montana", "?" ], "offsets": [ 0, 5, 8, 12, 20, 28, 29, 38, 43, 46, 53 ] }
{ "text": [ "German" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 69 ], "end": [ 74 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 11 ], "end": [ 11 ] } ] }
[ "German" ]
SQuAD
While the largest European-American population in Montana overall is German, pockets of significant Scandinavian ancestry are prevalent in some of the farming-dominated northern and eastern prairie regions, parallel to nearby regions of North Dakota and Minnesota. Farmers of Irish, Scots, and English roots also settled in Montana. The historically mining-oriented communities of western Montana such as Butte have a wider range of European-American ethnicity; Finns, Eastern Europeans and especially Irish settlers left an indelible mark on the area, as well as people originally from British mining regions such as Cornwall, Devon and Wales. The nearby city of Helena, also founded as a mining camp, had a similar mix in addition to a small Chinatown. Many of Montana's historic logging communities originally attracted people of Scottish, Scandinavian, Slavic, English and Scots-Irish descent.[citation needed]
{ "tokens": [ "While", "the", "largest", "European", "-", "American", "population", "in", "Montana", "overall", "is", "German", ",", "pockets", "of", "significant", "Scandinavian", "ancestry", "are", "prevalent", "in", "some", "of", "the", "farming", "-", "dominated", "northern", "and", "eastern", "prairie", "regions", ",", "parallel", "to", "nearby", "regions", "of", "North", "Dakota", "and", "Minnesota", ".", "Farmers", "of", "Irish", ",", "Scots", ",", "and", "English", "roots", "also", "settled", "in", "Montana", ".", "The", "historically", "mining", "-", "oriented", "communities", "of", "western", "Montana", "such", "as", "Butte", "have", "a", "wider", "range", "of", "European", "-", "American", "ethnicity", ";", "Finns", ",", "Eastern", "Europeans", "and", "especially", "Irish", "settlers", "left", "an", "indelible", "mark", "on", "the", "area", ",", "as", "well", "as", "people", "originally", "from", "British", "mining", "regions", "such", "as", "Cornwall", ",", "Devon", "and", "Wales", ".", "The", "nearby", "city", "of", "Helena", ",", "also", "founded", "as", "a", "mining", "camp", ",", "had", "a", "similar", "mix", "in", "addition", "to", "a", "small", "Chinatown", ".", "Many", "of", "Montana", "'s", "historic", "logging", "communities", "originally", "attracted", "people", "of", "Scottish", ",", "Scandinavian", ",", "Slavic", ",", "English", "and", "Scots", "-", "Irish", "descent.[citation", "needed", "]" ], "offsets": [ 0, 6, 10, 18, 26, 27, 36, 47, 50, 58, 66, 69, 75, 77, 85, 88, 100, 113, 122, 126, 136, 139, 144, 147, 151, 158, 159, 169, 178, 182, 190, 198, 205, 207, 216, 219, 226, 234, 237, 243, 250, 254, 263, 265, 273, 276, 281, 283, 288, 290, 294, 302, 308, 313, 321, 324, 331, 333, 337, 350, 356, 357, 366, 378, 381, 389, 397, 402, 405, 411, 416, 418, 424, 430, 433, 441, 442, 451, 460, 462, 467, 469, 477, 487, 491, 502, 508, 517, 522, 525, 535, 540, 543, 547, 551, 553, 556, 561, 564, 571, 582, 587, 595, 602, 610, 615, 618, 626, 628, 634, 638, 643, 645, 649, 656, 661, 664, 670, 672, 677, 685, 688, 690, 697, 701, 703, 707, 709, 717, 721, 724, 733, 736, 738, 744, 753, 755, 760, 763, 770, 773, 782, 790, 802, 813, 823, 830, 833, 841, 843, 855, 857, 863, 865, 873, 877, 882, 883, 889, 907, 913 ] }
c2638d32f52e4be2a1cb26e560473d3d
What was Helena originally founded as?
{ "tokens": [ "What", "was", "Helena", "originally", "founded", "as", "?" ], "offsets": [ 0, 5, 9, 16, 27, 35, 37 ] }
{ "text": [ "a mining camp" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 688 ], "end": [ 700 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 121 ], "end": [ 123 ] } ] }
[ "a mining camp" ]
SQuAD
In 1940, Jeannette Rankin had once again been elected to Congress, and in 1941, as she did in 1917, she voted against the United States' declaration of war. This time she was the only vote against the war, and in the wake of public outcry over her vote, she required police protection for a time. Other pacifists tended to be those from "peace churches" who generally opposed war. Many individuals from throughout the U.S. who claimed conscientious objector status were sent to Montana during the war as smokejumpers and for other forest fire-fighting duties.
{ "tokens": [ "In", "1940", ",", "Jeannette", "Rankin", "had", "once", "again", "been", "elected", "to", "Congress", ",", "and", "in", "1941", ",", "as", "she", "did", "in", "1917", ",", "she", "voted", "against", "the", "United", "States", "'", "declaration", "of", "war", ".", "This", "time", "she", "was", "the", "only", "vote", "against", "the", "war", ",", "and", "in", "the", "wake", "of", "public", "outcry", "over", "her", "vote", ",", "she", "required", "police", "protection", "for", "a", "time", ".", "Other", "pacifists", "tended", "to", "be", "those", "from", "\"", "peace", "churches", "\"", "who", "generally", "opposed", "war", ".", "Many", "individuals", "from", "throughout", "the", "U.S.", "who", "claimed", "conscientious", "objector", "status", "were", "sent", "to", "Montana", "during", "the", "war", "as", "smokejumpers", "and", "for", "other", "forest", "fire", "-", "fighting", "duties", "." ], "offsets": [ 0, 3, 7, 9, 19, 26, 30, 35, 41, 46, 54, 57, 65, 67, 71, 74, 78, 80, 83, 87, 91, 94, 98, 100, 104, 110, 118, 122, 129, 135, 137, 149, 152, 155, 157, 162, 167, 171, 175, 179, 184, 189, 197, 201, 204, 206, 210, 213, 217, 222, 225, 232, 239, 244, 248, 252, 254, 258, 267, 274, 285, 289, 291, 295, 297, 303, 313, 320, 323, 326, 332, 337, 338, 344, 352, 354, 358, 368, 376, 379, 381, 386, 398, 403, 414, 418, 423, 427, 435, 449, 458, 465, 470, 475, 478, 486, 493, 497, 501, 504, 517, 521, 525, 531, 538, 542, 543, 552, 558 ] }
818925db8234446b970ad724781ce632
What year was Jeannette Rankin vote against war the first time?
{ "tokens": [ "What", "year", "was", "Jeannette", "Rankin", "vote", "against", "war", "the", "first", "time", "?" ], "offsets": [ 0, 5, 10, 14, 24, 31, 36, 44, 48, 52, 58, 62 ] }
{ "text": [ "1917" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 94 ], "end": [ 97 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 21 ], "end": [ 21 ] } ] }
[ "1917" ]
SQuAD
In 1940, Jeannette Rankin had once again been elected to Congress, and in 1941, as she did in 1917, she voted against the United States' declaration of war. This time she was the only vote against the war, and in the wake of public outcry over her vote, she required police protection for a time. Other pacifists tended to be those from "peace churches" who generally opposed war. Many individuals from throughout the U.S. who claimed conscientious objector status were sent to Montana during the war as smokejumpers and for other forest fire-fighting duties.
{ "tokens": [ "In", "1940", ",", "Jeannette", "Rankin", "had", "once", "again", "been", "elected", "to", "Congress", ",", "and", "in", "1941", ",", "as", "she", "did", "in", "1917", ",", "she", "voted", "against", "the", "United", "States", "'", "declaration", "of", "war", ".", "This", "time", "she", "was", "the", "only", "vote", "against", "the", "war", ",", "and", "in", "the", "wake", "of", "public", "outcry", "over", "her", "vote", ",", "she", "required", "police", "protection", "for", "a", "time", ".", "Other", "pacifists", "tended", "to", "be", "those", "from", "\"", "peace", "churches", "\"", "who", "generally", "opposed", "war", ".", "Many", "individuals", "from", "throughout", "the", "U.S.", "who", "claimed", "conscientious", "objector", "status", "were", "sent", "to", "Montana", "during", "the", "war", "as", "smokejumpers", "and", "for", "other", "forest", "fire", "-", "fighting", "duties", "." ], "offsets": [ 0, 3, 7, 9, 19, 26, 30, 35, 41, 46, 54, 57, 65, 67, 71, 74, 78, 80, 83, 87, 91, 94, 98, 100, 104, 110, 118, 122, 129, 135, 137, 149, 152, 155, 157, 162, 167, 171, 175, 179, 184, 189, 197, 201, 204, 206, 210, 213, 217, 222, 225, 232, 239, 244, 248, 252, 254, 258, 267, 274, 285, 289, 291, 295, 297, 303, 313, 320, 323, 326, 332, 337, 338, 344, 352, 354, 358, 368, 376, 379, 381, 386, 398, 403, 414, 418, 423, 427, 435, 449, 458, 465, 470, 475, 478, 486, 493, 497, 501, 504, 517, 521, 525, 531, 538, 542, 543, 552, 558 ] }
49499e52e6934c13bb5a68222cdb2790
When did she vote a second time against war?
{ "tokens": [ "When", "did", "she", "vote", "a", "second", "time", "against", "war", "?" ], "offsets": [ 0, 5, 9, 13, 18, 20, 27, 32, 40, 43 ] }
{ "text": [ "1941" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 74 ], "end": [ 77 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 15 ], "end": [ 15 ] } ] }
[ "1941" ]
SQuAD
In 1940, Jeannette Rankin had once again been elected to Congress, and in 1941, as she did in 1917, she voted against the United States' declaration of war. This time she was the only vote against the war, and in the wake of public outcry over her vote, she required police protection for a time. Other pacifists tended to be those from "peace churches" who generally opposed war. Many individuals from throughout the U.S. who claimed conscientious objector status were sent to Montana during the war as smokejumpers and for other forest fire-fighting duties.
{ "tokens": [ "In", "1940", ",", "Jeannette", "Rankin", "had", "once", "again", "been", "elected", "to", "Congress", ",", "and", "in", "1941", ",", "as", "she", "did", "in", "1917", ",", "she", "voted", "against", "the", "United", "States", "'", "declaration", "of", "war", ".", "This", "time", "she", "was", "the", "only", "vote", "against", "the", "war", ",", "and", "in", "the", "wake", "of", "public", "outcry", "over", "her", "vote", ",", "she", "required", "police", "protection", "for", "a", "time", ".", "Other", "pacifists", "tended", "to", "be", "those", "from", "\"", "peace", "churches", "\"", "who", "generally", "opposed", "war", ".", "Many", "individuals", "from", "throughout", "the", "U.S.", "who", "claimed", "conscientious", "objector", "status", "were", "sent", "to", "Montana", "during", "the", "war", "as", "smokejumpers", "and", "for", "other", "forest", "fire", "-", "fighting", "duties", "." ], "offsets": [ 0, 3, 7, 9, 19, 26, 30, 35, 41, 46, 54, 57, 65, 67, 71, 74, 78, 80, 83, 87, 91, 94, 98, 100, 104, 110, 118, 122, 129, 135, 137, 149, 152, 155, 157, 162, 167, 171, 175, 179, 184, 189, 197, 201, 204, 206, 210, 213, 217, 222, 225, 232, 239, 244, 248, 252, 254, 258, 267, 274, 285, 289, 291, 295, 297, 303, 313, 320, 323, 326, 332, 337, 338, 344, 352, 354, 358, 368, 376, 379, 381, 386, 398, 403, 414, 418, 423, 427, 435, 449, 458, 465, 470, 475, 478, 486, 493, 497, 501, 504, 517, 521, 525, 531, 538, 542, 543, 552, 558 ] }
87b557cf76d742b18d3533eb9b2bf811
What were conscientious objectors sent to Montana to do?
{ "tokens": [ "What", "were", "conscientious", "objectors", "sent", "to", "Montana", "to", "do", "?" ], "offsets": [ 0, 5, 10, 24, 34, 39, 42, 50, 53, 55 ] }
{ "text": [ "smokejumpers and for other forest fire-fighting duties." ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 504 ], "end": [ 558 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 99 ], "end": [ 108 ] } ] }
[ "smokejumpers and for other forest fire-fighting duties." ]
SQuAD
In December, Beyoncé along with a variety of other celebrities teamed up and produced a video campaign for "Demand A Plan", a bipartisan effort by a group of 950 US mayors and others designed to influence the federal government into rethinking its gun control laws, following the Sandy Hook Elementary School shooting. Beyoncé became an ambassador for the 2012 World Humanitarian Day campaign donating her song "I Was Here" and its music video, shot in the UN, to the campaign. In 2013, it was announced that Beyoncé would work with Salma Hayek and Frida Giannini on a Gucci "Chime for Change" campaign that aims to spread female empowerment. The campaign, which aired on February 28, was set to her new music. A concert for the cause took place on June 1, 2013 in London and included other acts like Ellie Goulding, Florence and the Machine, and Rita Ora. In advance of the concert, she appeared in a campaign video released on 15 May 2013, where she, along with Cameron Diaz, John Legend and Kylie Minogue, described inspiration from their mothers, while a number of other artists celebrated personal inspiration from other women, leading to a call for submission of photos of women of viewers' inspiration from which a selection was shown at the concert. Beyoncé said about her mother Tina Knowles that her gift was "finding the best qualities in every human being." With help of the crowdfunding platform Catapult, visitors of the concert could choose between several projects promoting education of women and girls. Beyoncé is also taking part in "Miss a Meal", a food-donation campaign, and supporting Goodwill charity through online charity auctions at Charitybuzz that support job creation throughout Europe and the U.S.
{ "tokens": [ "In", "December", ",", "Beyoncé", "along", "with", "a", "variety", "of", "other", "celebrities", "teamed", "up", "and", "produced", "a", "video", "campaign", "for", "\"", "Demand", "A", "Plan", "\"", ",", "a", "bipartisan", "effort", "by", "a", "group", "of", "950", "US", "mayors", "and", "others", "designed", "to", "influence", "the", "federal", "government", "into", "rethinking", "its", "gun", "control", "laws", ",", "following", "the", "Sandy", "Hook", "Elementary", "School", "shooting", ".", "Beyoncé", "became", "an", "ambassador", "for", "the", "2012", "World", "Humanitarian", "Day", "campaign", "donating", "her", "song", "\"", "I", "Was", "Here", "\"", "and", "its", "music", "video", ",", "shot", "in", "the", "UN", ",", "to", "the", "campaign", ".", "In", "2013", ",", "it", "was", "announced", "that", "Beyoncé", "would", "work", "with", "Salma", "Hayek", "and", "Frida", "Giannini", "on", "a", "Gucci", "\"", "Chime", "for", "Change", "\"", "campaign", "that", "aims", "to", "spread", "female", "empowerment", ".", "The", "campaign", ",", "which", "aired", "on", "February", "28", ",", "was", "set", "to", "her", "new", "music", ".", "A", "concert", "for", "the", "cause", "took", "place", "on", "June", "1", ",", "2013", "in", "London", "and", "included", "other", "acts", "like", "Ellie", "Goulding", ",", "Florence", "and", "the", "Machine", ",", "and", "Rita", "Ora", ".", "In", "advance", "of", "the", "concert", ",", "she", "appeared", "in", "a", "campaign", "video", "released", "on", "15", "May", "2013", ",", "where", "she", ",", "along", "with", "Cameron", "Diaz", ",", "John", "Legend", "and", "Kylie", "Minogue", ",", "described", "inspiration", "from", "their", "mothers", ",", "while", "a", "number", "of", "other", "artists", "celebrated", "personal", "inspiration", "from", "other", "women", ",", "leading", "to", "a", "call", "for", "submission", "of", "photos", "of", "women", "of", "viewers", "'", "inspiration", "from", "which", "a", "selection", "was", "shown", "at", "the", "concert", ".", "Beyoncé", "said", "about", "her", "mother", "Tina", "Knowles", "that", "her", "gift", "was", "\"", "finding", "the", "best", "qualities", "in", "every", "human", "being", ".", "\"", "With", "help", "of", "the", "crowdfunding", "platform", "Catapult", ",", "visitors", "of", "the", "concert", "could", "choose", "between", "several", "projects", "promoting", "education", "of", "women", "and", "girls", ".", "Beyoncé", "is", "also", "taking", "part", "in", "\"", "Miss", "a", "Meal", "\"", ",", "a", "food", "-", "donation", "campaign", ",", "and", "supporting", "Goodwill", "charity", "through", "online", "charity", "auctions", "at", "Charitybuzz", "that", "support", "job", "creation", "throughout", "Europe", "and", "the", "U.S." ], "offsets": [ 0, 3, 11, 13, 21, 27, 32, 34, 42, 45, 51, 63, 70, 73, 77, 86, 88, 94, 103, 107, 108, 115, 117, 121, 122, 124, 126, 137, 144, 147, 149, 155, 158, 162, 165, 172, 176, 183, 192, 195, 205, 209, 217, 228, 233, 244, 248, 252, 260, 264, 266, 276, 280, 286, 291, 302, 309, 317, 319, 327, 334, 337, 348, 352, 356, 361, 367, 380, 384, 393, 402, 406, 411, 412, 414, 418, 422, 424, 428, 432, 438, 443, 445, 450, 453, 457, 459, 461, 464, 468, 476, 478, 481, 485, 487, 490, 494, 504, 509, 517, 523, 528, 533, 539, 545, 549, 555, 564, 567, 569, 575, 576, 582, 586, 592, 594, 603, 608, 613, 616, 623, 630, 641, 643, 647, 655, 657, 663, 669, 672, 681, 683, 685, 689, 693, 696, 700, 704, 709, 711, 713, 721, 725, 729, 735, 740, 746, 749, 754, 755, 757, 762, 765, 772, 776, 785, 791, 796, 801, 807, 815, 817, 826, 830, 834, 841, 843, 847, 852, 855, 857, 860, 868, 871, 875, 882, 884, 888, 897, 900, 902, 911, 917, 926, 929, 932, 936, 940, 942, 948, 951, 953, 959, 964, 972, 976, 978, 983, 990, 994, 1000, 1007, 1009, 1019, 1031, 1036, 1042, 1049, 1051, 1057, 1059, 1066, 1069, 1075, 1083, 1094, 1103, 1115, 1120, 1126, 1131, 1133, 1141, 1144, 1146, 1151, 1155, 1166, 1169, 1176, 1179, 1185, 1188, 1195, 1197, 1209, 1214, 1220, 1222, 1232, 1236, 1242, 1245, 1249, 1256, 1258, 1266, 1271, 1277, 1281, 1288, 1293, 1301, 1306, 1310, 1315, 1319, 1320, 1328, 1332, 1337, 1347, 1350, 1356, 1362, 1367, 1368, 1370, 1375, 1380, 1383, 1387, 1400, 1409, 1417, 1419, 1428, 1431, 1435, 1443, 1449, 1456, 1464, 1472, 1481, 1491, 1501, 1504, 1510, 1514, 1519, 1521, 1529, 1532, 1537, 1544, 1549, 1552, 1553, 1558, 1560, 1564, 1565, 1567, 1569, 1573, 1574, 1583, 1591, 1593, 1597, 1608, 1617, 1625, 1633, 1640, 1648, 1657, 1660, 1672, 1677, 1685, 1689, 1698, 1709, 1716, 1720, 1724 ] }
deb3d0267303453f825b97bc2da774c1
Which national event caused Beyonce to produce "Demand a Plan?"
{ "tokens": [ "Which", "national", "event", "caused", "Beyonce", "to", "produce", "\"", "Demand", "a", "Plan", "?", "\"" ], "offsets": [ 0, 6, 15, 21, 28, 36, 39, 47, 48, 55, 57, 61, 62 ] }
{ "text": [ "Sandy Hook Elementary School shooting" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 280 ], "end": [ 316 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 52 ], "end": [ 56 ] } ] }
[ "Sandy Hook Elementary School shooting" ]
SQuAD
In December, Beyoncé along with a variety of other celebrities teamed up and produced a video campaign for "Demand A Plan", a bipartisan effort by a group of 950 US mayors and others designed to influence the federal government into rethinking its gun control laws, following the Sandy Hook Elementary School shooting. Beyoncé became an ambassador for the 2012 World Humanitarian Day campaign donating her song "I Was Here" and its music video, shot in the UN, to the campaign. In 2013, it was announced that Beyoncé would work with Salma Hayek and Frida Giannini on a Gucci "Chime for Change" campaign that aims to spread female empowerment. The campaign, which aired on February 28, was set to her new music. A concert for the cause took place on June 1, 2013 in London and included other acts like Ellie Goulding, Florence and the Machine, and Rita Ora. In advance of the concert, she appeared in a campaign video released on 15 May 2013, where she, along with Cameron Diaz, John Legend and Kylie Minogue, described inspiration from their mothers, while a number of other artists celebrated personal inspiration from other women, leading to a call for submission of photos of women of viewers' inspiration from which a selection was shown at the concert. Beyoncé said about her mother Tina Knowles that her gift was "finding the best qualities in every human being." With help of the crowdfunding platform Catapult, visitors of the concert could choose between several projects promoting education of women and girls. Beyoncé is also taking part in "Miss a Meal", a food-donation campaign, and supporting Goodwill charity through online charity auctions at Charitybuzz that support job creation throughout Europe and the U.S.
{ "tokens": [ "In", "December", ",", "Beyoncé", "along", "with", "a", "variety", "of", "other", "celebrities", "teamed", "up", "and", "produced", "a", "video", "campaign", "for", "\"", "Demand", "A", "Plan", "\"", ",", "a", "bipartisan", "effort", "by", "a", "group", "of", "950", "US", "mayors", "and", "others", "designed", "to", "influence", "the", "federal", "government", "into", "rethinking", "its", "gun", "control", "laws", ",", "following", "the", "Sandy", "Hook", "Elementary", "School", "shooting", ".", "Beyoncé", "became", "an", "ambassador", "for", "the", "2012", "World", "Humanitarian", "Day", "campaign", "donating", "her", "song", "\"", "I", "Was", "Here", "\"", "and", "its", "music", "video", ",", "shot", "in", "the", "UN", ",", "to", "the", "campaign", ".", "In", "2013", ",", "it", "was", "announced", "that", "Beyoncé", "would", "work", "with", "Salma", "Hayek", "and", "Frida", "Giannini", "on", "a", "Gucci", "\"", "Chime", "for", "Change", "\"", "campaign", "that", "aims", "to", "spread", "female", "empowerment", ".", "The", "campaign", ",", "which", "aired", "on", "February", "28", ",", "was", "set", "to", "her", "new", "music", ".", "A", "concert", "for", "the", "cause", "took", "place", "on", "June", "1", ",", "2013", "in", "London", "and", "included", "other", "acts", "like", "Ellie", "Goulding", ",", "Florence", "and", "the", "Machine", ",", "and", "Rita", "Ora", ".", "In", "advance", "of", "the", "concert", ",", "she", "appeared", "in", "a", "campaign", "video", "released", "on", "15", "May", "2013", ",", "where", "she", ",", "along", "with", "Cameron", "Diaz", ",", "John", "Legend", "and", "Kylie", "Minogue", ",", "described", "inspiration", "from", "their", "mothers", ",", "while", "a", "number", "of", "other", "artists", "celebrated", "personal", "inspiration", "from", "other", "women", ",", "leading", "to", "a", "call", "for", "submission", "of", "photos", "of", "women", "of", "viewers", "'", "inspiration", "from", "which", "a", "selection", "was", "shown", "at", "the", "concert", ".", "Beyoncé", "said", "about", "her", "mother", "Tina", "Knowles", "that", "her", "gift", "was", "\"", "finding", "the", "best", "qualities", "in", "every", "human", "being", ".", "\"", "With", "help", "of", "the", "crowdfunding", "platform", "Catapult", ",", "visitors", "of", "the", "concert", "could", "choose", "between", "several", "projects", "promoting", "education", "of", "women", "and", "girls", ".", "Beyoncé", "is", "also", "taking", "part", "in", "\"", "Miss", "a", "Meal", "\"", ",", "a", "food", "-", "donation", "campaign", ",", "and", "supporting", "Goodwill", "charity", "through", "online", "charity", "auctions", "at", "Charitybuzz", "that", "support", "job", "creation", "throughout", "Europe", "and", "the", "U.S." ], "offsets": [ 0, 3, 11, 13, 21, 27, 32, 34, 42, 45, 51, 63, 70, 73, 77, 86, 88, 94, 103, 107, 108, 115, 117, 121, 122, 124, 126, 137, 144, 147, 149, 155, 158, 162, 165, 172, 176, 183, 192, 195, 205, 209, 217, 228, 233, 244, 248, 252, 260, 264, 266, 276, 280, 286, 291, 302, 309, 317, 319, 327, 334, 337, 348, 352, 356, 361, 367, 380, 384, 393, 402, 406, 411, 412, 414, 418, 422, 424, 428, 432, 438, 443, 445, 450, 453, 457, 459, 461, 464, 468, 476, 478, 481, 485, 487, 490, 494, 504, 509, 517, 523, 528, 533, 539, 545, 549, 555, 564, 567, 569, 575, 576, 582, 586, 592, 594, 603, 608, 613, 616, 623, 630, 641, 643, 647, 655, 657, 663, 669, 672, 681, 683, 685, 689, 693, 696, 700, 704, 709, 711, 713, 721, 725, 729, 735, 740, 746, 749, 754, 755, 757, 762, 765, 772, 776, 785, 791, 796, 801, 807, 815, 817, 826, 830, 834, 841, 843, 847, 852, 855, 857, 860, 868, 871, 875, 882, 884, 888, 897, 900, 902, 911, 917, 926, 929, 932, 936, 940, 942, 948, 951, 953, 959, 964, 972, 976, 978, 983, 990, 994, 1000, 1007, 1009, 1019, 1031, 1036, 1042, 1049, 1051, 1057, 1059, 1066, 1069, 1075, 1083, 1094, 1103, 1115, 1120, 1126, 1131, 1133, 1141, 1144, 1146, 1151, 1155, 1166, 1169, 1176, 1179, 1185, 1188, 1195, 1197, 1209, 1214, 1220, 1222, 1232, 1236, 1242, 1245, 1249, 1256, 1258, 1266, 1271, 1277, 1281, 1288, 1293, 1301, 1306, 1310, 1315, 1319, 1320, 1328, 1332, 1337, 1347, 1350, 1356, 1362, 1367, 1368, 1370, 1375, 1380, 1383, 1387, 1400, 1409, 1417, 1419, 1428, 1431, 1435, 1443, 1449, 1456, 1464, 1472, 1481, 1491, 1501, 1504, 1510, 1514, 1519, 1521, 1529, 1532, 1537, 1544, 1549, 1552, 1553, 1558, 1560, 1564, 1565, 1567, 1569, 1573, 1574, 1583, 1591, 1593, 1597, 1608, 1617, 1625, 1633, 1640, 1648, 1657, 1660, 1672, 1677, 1685, 1689, 1698, 1709, 1716, 1720, 1724 ] }
16a3f51ad63b44c391f1c40c672bef9b
What song did Beyonce contribute to the campaign?
{ "tokens": [ "What", "song", "did", "Beyonce", "contribute", "to", "the", "campaign", "?" ], "offsets": [ 0, 5, 10, 14, 22, 33, 36, 40, 48 ] }
{ "text": [ "I Was Here" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 412 ], "end": [ 421 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 73 ], "end": [ 75 ] } ] }
[ "I Was Here" ]
SQuAD
In December, Beyoncé along with a variety of other celebrities teamed up and produced a video campaign for "Demand A Plan", a bipartisan effort by a group of 950 US mayors and others designed to influence the federal government into rethinking its gun control laws, following the Sandy Hook Elementary School shooting. Beyoncé became an ambassador for the 2012 World Humanitarian Day campaign donating her song "I Was Here" and its music video, shot in the UN, to the campaign. In 2013, it was announced that Beyoncé would work with Salma Hayek and Frida Giannini on a Gucci "Chime for Change" campaign that aims to spread female empowerment. The campaign, which aired on February 28, was set to her new music. A concert for the cause took place on June 1, 2013 in London and included other acts like Ellie Goulding, Florence and the Machine, and Rita Ora. In advance of the concert, she appeared in a campaign video released on 15 May 2013, where she, along with Cameron Diaz, John Legend and Kylie Minogue, described inspiration from their mothers, while a number of other artists celebrated personal inspiration from other women, leading to a call for submission of photos of women of viewers' inspiration from which a selection was shown at the concert. Beyoncé said about her mother Tina Knowles that her gift was "finding the best qualities in every human being." With help of the crowdfunding platform Catapult, visitors of the concert could choose between several projects promoting education of women and girls. Beyoncé is also taking part in "Miss a Meal", a food-donation campaign, and supporting Goodwill charity through online charity auctions at Charitybuzz that support job creation throughout Europe and the U.S.
{ "tokens": [ "In", "December", ",", "Beyoncé", "along", "with", "a", "variety", "of", "other", "celebrities", "teamed", "up", "and", "produced", "a", "video", "campaign", "for", "\"", "Demand", "A", "Plan", "\"", ",", "a", "bipartisan", "effort", "by", "a", "group", "of", "950", "US", "mayors", "and", "others", "designed", "to", "influence", "the", "federal", "government", "into", "rethinking", "its", "gun", "control", "laws", ",", "following", "the", "Sandy", "Hook", "Elementary", "School", "shooting", ".", "Beyoncé", "became", "an", "ambassador", "for", "the", "2012", "World", "Humanitarian", "Day", "campaign", "donating", "her", "song", "\"", "I", "Was", "Here", "\"", "and", "its", "music", "video", ",", "shot", "in", "the", "UN", ",", "to", "the", "campaign", ".", "In", "2013", ",", "it", "was", "announced", "that", "Beyoncé", "would", "work", "with", "Salma", "Hayek", "and", "Frida", "Giannini", "on", "a", "Gucci", "\"", "Chime", "for", "Change", "\"", "campaign", "that", "aims", "to", "spread", "female", "empowerment", ".", "The", "campaign", ",", "which", "aired", "on", "February", "28", ",", "was", "set", "to", "her", "new", "music", ".", "A", "concert", "for", "the", "cause", "took", "place", "on", "June", "1", ",", "2013", "in", "London", "and", "included", "other", "acts", "like", "Ellie", "Goulding", ",", "Florence", "and", "the", "Machine", ",", "and", "Rita", "Ora", ".", "In", "advance", "of", "the", "concert", ",", "she", "appeared", "in", "a", "campaign", "video", "released", "on", "15", "May", "2013", ",", "where", "she", ",", "along", "with", "Cameron", "Diaz", ",", "John", "Legend", "and", "Kylie", "Minogue", ",", "described", "inspiration", "from", "their", "mothers", ",", "while", "a", "number", "of", "other", "artists", "celebrated", "personal", "inspiration", "from", "other", "women", ",", "leading", "to", "a", "call", "for", "submission", "of", "photos", "of", "women", "of", "viewers", "'", "inspiration", "from", "which", "a", "selection", "was", "shown", "at", "the", "concert", ".", "Beyoncé", "said", "about", "her", "mother", "Tina", "Knowles", "that", "her", "gift", "was", "\"", "finding", "the", "best", "qualities", "in", "every", "human", "being", ".", "\"", "With", "help", "of", "the", "crowdfunding", "platform", "Catapult", ",", "visitors", "of", "the", "concert", "could", "choose", "between", "several", "projects", "promoting", "education", "of", "women", "and", "girls", ".", "Beyoncé", "is", "also", "taking", "part", "in", "\"", "Miss", "a", "Meal", "\"", ",", "a", "food", "-", "donation", "campaign", ",", "and", "supporting", "Goodwill", "charity", "through", "online", "charity", "auctions", "at", "Charitybuzz", "that", "support", "job", "creation", "throughout", "Europe", "and", "the", "U.S." ], "offsets": [ 0, 3, 11, 13, 21, 27, 32, 34, 42, 45, 51, 63, 70, 73, 77, 86, 88, 94, 103, 107, 108, 115, 117, 121, 122, 124, 126, 137, 144, 147, 149, 155, 158, 162, 165, 172, 176, 183, 192, 195, 205, 209, 217, 228, 233, 244, 248, 252, 260, 264, 266, 276, 280, 286, 291, 302, 309, 317, 319, 327, 334, 337, 348, 352, 356, 361, 367, 380, 384, 393, 402, 406, 411, 412, 414, 418, 422, 424, 428, 432, 438, 443, 445, 450, 453, 457, 459, 461, 464, 468, 476, 478, 481, 485, 487, 490, 494, 504, 509, 517, 523, 528, 533, 539, 545, 549, 555, 564, 567, 569, 575, 576, 582, 586, 592, 594, 603, 608, 613, 616, 623, 630, 641, 643, 647, 655, 657, 663, 669, 672, 681, 683, 685, 689, 693, 696, 700, 704, 709, 711, 713, 721, 725, 729, 735, 740, 746, 749, 754, 755, 757, 762, 765, 772, 776, 785, 791, 796, 801, 807, 815, 817, 826, 830, 834, 841, 843, 847, 852, 855, 857, 860, 868, 871, 875, 882, 884, 888, 897, 900, 902, 911, 917, 926, 929, 932, 936, 940, 942, 948, 951, 953, 959, 964, 972, 976, 978, 983, 990, 994, 1000, 1007, 1009, 1019, 1031, 1036, 1042, 1049, 1051, 1057, 1059, 1066, 1069, 1075, 1083, 1094, 1103, 1115, 1120, 1126, 1131, 1133, 1141, 1144, 1146, 1151, 1155, 1166, 1169, 1176, 1179, 1185, 1188, 1195, 1197, 1209, 1214, 1220, 1222, 1232, 1236, 1242, 1245, 1249, 1256, 1258, 1266, 1271, 1277, 1281, 1288, 1293, 1301, 1306, 1310, 1315, 1319, 1320, 1328, 1332, 1337, 1347, 1350, 1356, 1362, 1367, 1368, 1370, 1375, 1380, 1383, 1387, 1400, 1409, 1417, 1419, 1428, 1431, 1435, 1443, 1449, 1456, 1464, 1472, 1481, 1491, 1501, 1504, 1510, 1514, 1519, 1521, 1529, 1532, 1537, 1544, 1549, 1552, 1553, 1558, 1560, 1564, 1565, 1567, 1569, 1573, 1574, 1583, 1591, 1593, 1597, 1608, 1617, 1625, 1633, 1640, 1648, 1657, 1660, 1672, 1677, 1685, 1689, 1698, 1709, 1716, 1720, 1724 ] }
35cc2ac68c1c464c94734cf029636a96
Beyonce is contributing to which food-donation campaign?
{ "tokens": [ "Beyonce", "is", "contributing", "to", "which", "food", "-", "donation", "campaign", "?" ], "offsets": [ 0, 8, 11, 24, 27, 33, 37, 38, 47, 55 ] }
{ "text": [ "Miss a Meal" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 1553 ], "end": [ 1563 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 298 ], "end": [ 300 ] } ] }
[ "Miss a Meal" ]
SQuAD
In December, Beyoncé along with a variety of other celebrities teamed up and produced a video campaign for "Demand A Plan", a bipartisan effort by a group of 950 US mayors and others designed to influence the federal government into rethinking its gun control laws, following the Sandy Hook Elementary School shooting. Beyoncé became an ambassador for the 2012 World Humanitarian Day campaign donating her song "I Was Here" and its music video, shot in the UN, to the campaign. In 2013, it was announced that Beyoncé would work with Salma Hayek and Frida Giannini on a Gucci "Chime for Change" campaign that aims to spread female empowerment. The campaign, which aired on February 28, was set to her new music. A concert for the cause took place on June 1, 2013 in London and included other acts like Ellie Goulding, Florence and the Machine, and Rita Ora. In advance of the concert, she appeared in a campaign video released on 15 May 2013, where she, along with Cameron Diaz, John Legend and Kylie Minogue, described inspiration from their mothers, while a number of other artists celebrated personal inspiration from other women, leading to a call for submission of photos of women of viewers' inspiration from which a selection was shown at the concert. Beyoncé said about her mother Tina Knowles that her gift was "finding the best qualities in every human being." With help of the crowdfunding platform Catapult, visitors of the concert could choose between several projects promoting education of women and girls. Beyoncé is also taking part in "Miss a Meal", a food-donation campaign, and supporting Goodwill charity through online charity auctions at Charitybuzz that support job creation throughout Europe and the U.S.
{ "tokens": [ "In", "December", ",", "Beyoncé", "along", "with", "a", "variety", "of", "other", "celebrities", "teamed", "up", "and", "produced", "a", "video", "campaign", "for", "\"", "Demand", "A", "Plan", "\"", ",", "a", "bipartisan", "effort", "by", "a", "group", "of", "950", "US", "mayors", "and", "others", "designed", "to", "influence", "the", "federal", "government", "into", "rethinking", "its", "gun", "control", "laws", ",", "following", "the", "Sandy", "Hook", "Elementary", "School", "shooting", ".", "Beyoncé", "became", "an", "ambassador", "for", "the", "2012", "World", "Humanitarian", "Day", "campaign", "donating", "her", "song", "\"", "I", "Was", "Here", "\"", "and", "its", "music", "video", ",", "shot", "in", "the", "UN", ",", "to", "the", "campaign", ".", "In", "2013", ",", "it", "was", "announced", "that", "Beyoncé", "would", "work", "with", "Salma", "Hayek", "and", "Frida", "Giannini", "on", "a", "Gucci", "\"", "Chime", "for", "Change", "\"", "campaign", "that", "aims", "to", "spread", "female", "empowerment", ".", "The", "campaign", ",", "which", "aired", "on", "February", "28", ",", "was", "set", "to", "her", "new", "music", ".", "A", "concert", "for", "the", "cause", "took", "place", "on", "June", "1", ",", "2013", "in", "London", "and", "included", "other", "acts", "like", "Ellie", "Goulding", ",", "Florence", "and", "the", "Machine", ",", "and", "Rita", "Ora", ".", "In", "advance", "of", "the", "concert", ",", "she", "appeared", "in", "a", "campaign", "video", "released", "on", "15", "May", "2013", ",", "where", "she", ",", "along", "with", "Cameron", "Diaz", ",", "John", "Legend", "and", "Kylie", "Minogue", ",", "described", "inspiration", "from", "their", "mothers", ",", "while", "a", "number", "of", "other", "artists", "celebrated", "personal", "inspiration", "from", "other", "women", ",", "leading", "to", "a", "call", "for", "submission", "of", "photos", "of", "women", "of", "viewers", "'", "inspiration", "from", "which", "a", "selection", "was", "shown", "at", "the", "concert", ".", "Beyoncé", "said", "about", "her", "mother", "Tina", "Knowles", "that", "her", "gift", "was", "\"", "finding", "the", "best", "qualities", "in", "every", "human", "being", ".", "\"", "With", "help", "of", "the", "crowdfunding", "platform", "Catapult", ",", "visitors", "of", "the", "concert", "could", "choose", "between", "several", "projects", "promoting", "education", "of", "women", "and", "girls", ".", "Beyoncé", "is", "also", "taking", "part", "in", "\"", "Miss", "a", "Meal", "\"", ",", "a", "food", "-", "donation", "campaign", ",", "and", "supporting", "Goodwill", "charity", "through", "online", "charity", "auctions", "at", "Charitybuzz", "that", "support", "job", "creation", "throughout", "Europe", "and", "the", "U.S." ], "offsets": [ 0, 3, 11, 13, 21, 27, 32, 34, 42, 45, 51, 63, 70, 73, 77, 86, 88, 94, 103, 107, 108, 115, 117, 121, 122, 124, 126, 137, 144, 147, 149, 155, 158, 162, 165, 172, 176, 183, 192, 195, 205, 209, 217, 228, 233, 244, 248, 252, 260, 264, 266, 276, 280, 286, 291, 302, 309, 317, 319, 327, 334, 337, 348, 352, 356, 361, 367, 380, 384, 393, 402, 406, 411, 412, 414, 418, 422, 424, 428, 432, 438, 443, 445, 450, 453, 457, 459, 461, 464, 468, 476, 478, 481, 485, 487, 490, 494, 504, 509, 517, 523, 528, 533, 539, 545, 549, 555, 564, 567, 569, 575, 576, 582, 586, 592, 594, 603, 608, 613, 616, 623, 630, 641, 643, 647, 655, 657, 663, 669, 672, 681, 683, 685, 689, 693, 696, 700, 704, 709, 711, 713, 721, 725, 729, 735, 740, 746, 749, 754, 755, 757, 762, 765, 772, 776, 785, 791, 796, 801, 807, 815, 817, 826, 830, 834, 841, 843, 847, 852, 855, 857, 860, 868, 871, 875, 882, 884, 888, 897, 900, 902, 911, 917, 926, 929, 932, 936, 940, 942, 948, 951, 953, 959, 964, 972, 976, 978, 983, 990, 994, 1000, 1007, 1009, 1019, 1031, 1036, 1042, 1049, 1051, 1057, 1059, 1066, 1069, 1075, 1083, 1094, 1103, 1115, 1120, 1126, 1131, 1133, 1141, 1144, 1146, 1151, 1155, 1166, 1169, 1176, 1179, 1185, 1188, 1195, 1197, 1209, 1214, 1220, 1222, 1232, 1236, 1242, 1245, 1249, 1256, 1258, 1266, 1271, 1277, 1281, 1288, 1293, 1301, 1306, 1310, 1315, 1319, 1320, 1328, 1332, 1337, 1347, 1350, 1356, 1362, 1367, 1368, 1370, 1375, 1380, 1383, 1387, 1400, 1409, 1417, 1419, 1428, 1431, 1435, 1443, 1449, 1456, 1464, 1472, 1481, 1491, 1501, 1504, 1510, 1514, 1519, 1521, 1529, 1532, 1537, 1544, 1549, 1552, 1553, 1558, 1560, 1564, 1565, 1567, 1569, 1573, 1574, 1583, 1591, 1593, 1597, 1608, 1617, 1625, 1633, 1640, 1648, 1657, 1660, 1672, 1677, 1685, 1689, 1698, 1709, 1716, 1720, 1724 ] }
04ab650a27ac47b8b6fdfb28ea6baa19
On June 1 , 2013 where was the concert held for "a Chime for Change"?
{ "tokens": [ "On", "June", "1", ",", "2013", "where", "was", "the", "concert", "held", "for", "\"", "a", "Chime", "for", "Change", "\"", "?" ], "offsets": [ 0, 3, 8, 10, 12, 17, 23, 27, 31, 39, 44, 48, 49, 51, 57, 61, 67, 68 ] }
{ "text": [ "London" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 765 ], "end": [ 770 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 152 ], "end": [ 152 ] } ] }
[ "London" ]
SQuAD
In December, Beyoncé along with a variety of other celebrities teamed up and produced a video campaign for "Demand A Plan", a bipartisan effort by a group of 950 US mayors and others designed to influence the federal government into rethinking its gun control laws, following the Sandy Hook Elementary School shooting. Beyoncé became an ambassador for the 2012 World Humanitarian Day campaign donating her song "I Was Here" and its music video, shot in the UN, to the campaign. In 2013, it was announced that Beyoncé would work with Salma Hayek and Frida Giannini on a Gucci "Chime for Change" campaign that aims to spread female empowerment. The campaign, which aired on February 28, was set to her new music. A concert for the cause took place on June 1, 2013 in London and included other acts like Ellie Goulding, Florence and the Machine, and Rita Ora. In advance of the concert, she appeared in a campaign video released on 15 May 2013, where she, along with Cameron Diaz, John Legend and Kylie Minogue, described inspiration from their mothers, while a number of other artists celebrated personal inspiration from other women, leading to a call for submission of photos of women of viewers' inspiration from which a selection was shown at the concert. Beyoncé said about her mother Tina Knowles that her gift was "finding the best qualities in every human being." With help of the crowdfunding platform Catapult, visitors of the concert could choose between several projects promoting education of women and girls. Beyoncé is also taking part in "Miss a Meal", a food-donation campaign, and supporting Goodwill charity through online charity auctions at Charitybuzz that support job creation throughout Europe and the U.S.
{ "tokens": [ "In", "December", ",", "Beyoncé", "along", "with", "a", "variety", "of", "other", "celebrities", "teamed", "up", "and", "produced", "a", "video", "campaign", "for", "\"", "Demand", "A", "Plan", "\"", ",", "a", "bipartisan", "effort", "by", "a", "group", "of", "950", "US", "mayors", "and", "others", "designed", "to", "influence", "the", "federal", "government", "into", "rethinking", "its", "gun", "control", "laws", ",", "following", "the", "Sandy", "Hook", "Elementary", "School", "shooting", ".", "Beyoncé", "became", "an", "ambassador", "for", "the", "2012", "World", "Humanitarian", "Day", "campaign", "donating", "her", "song", "\"", "I", "Was", "Here", "\"", "and", "its", "music", "video", ",", "shot", "in", "the", "UN", ",", "to", "the", "campaign", ".", "In", "2013", ",", "it", "was", "announced", "that", "Beyoncé", "would", "work", "with", "Salma", "Hayek", "and", "Frida", "Giannini", "on", "a", "Gucci", "\"", "Chime", "for", "Change", "\"", "campaign", "that", "aims", "to", "spread", "female", "empowerment", ".", "The", "campaign", ",", "which", "aired", "on", "February", "28", ",", "was", "set", "to", "her", "new", "music", ".", "A", "concert", "for", "the", "cause", "took", "place", "on", "June", "1", ",", "2013", "in", "London", "and", "included", "other", "acts", "like", "Ellie", "Goulding", ",", "Florence", "and", "the", "Machine", ",", "and", "Rita", "Ora", ".", "In", "advance", "of", "the", "concert", ",", "she", "appeared", "in", "a", "campaign", "video", "released", "on", "15", "May", "2013", ",", "where", "she", ",", "along", "with", "Cameron", "Diaz", ",", "John", "Legend", "and", "Kylie", "Minogue", ",", "described", "inspiration", "from", "their", "mothers", ",", "while", "a", "number", "of", "other", "artists", "celebrated", "personal", "inspiration", "from", "other", "women", ",", "leading", "to", "a", "call", "for", "submission", "of", "photos", "of", "women", "of", "viewers", "'", "inspiration", "from", "which", "a", "selection", "was", "shown", "at", "the", "concert", ".", "Beyoncé", "said", "about", "her", "mother", "Tina", "Knowles", "that", "her", "gift", "was", "\"", "finding", "the", "best", "qualities", "in", "every", "human", "being", ".", "\"", "With", "help", "of", "the", "crowdfunding", "platform", "Catapult", ",", "visitors", "of", "the", "concert", "could", "choose", "between", "several", "projects", "promoting", "education", "of", "women", "and", "girls", ".", "Beyoncé", "is", "also", "taking", "part", "in", "\"", "Miss", "a", "Meal", "\"", ",", "a", "food", "-", "donation", "campaign", ",", "and", "supporting", "Goodwill", "charity", "through", "online", "charity", "auctions", "at", "Charitybuzz", "that", "support", "job", "creation", "throughout", "Europe", "and", "the", "U.S." ], "offsets": [ 0, 3, 11, 13, 21, 27, 32, 34, 42, 45, 51, 63, 70, 73, 77, 86, 88, 94, 103, 107, 108, 115, 117, 121, 122, 124, 126, 137, 144, 147, 149, 155, 158, 162, 165, 172, 176, 183, 192, 195, 205, 209, 217, 228, 233, 244, 248, 252, 260, 264, 266, 276, 280, 286, 291, 302, 309, 317, 319, 327, 334, 337, 348, 352, 356, 361, 367, 380, 384, 393, 402, 406, 411, 412, 414, 418, 422, 424, 428, 432, 438, 443, 445, 450, 453, 457, 459, 461, 464, 468, 476, 478, 481, 485, 487, 490, 494, 504, 509, 517, 523, 528, 533, 539, 545, 549, 555, 564, 567, 569, 575, 576, 582, 586, 592, 594, 603, 608, 613, 616, 623, 630, 641, 643, 647, 655, 657, 663, 669, 672, 681, 683, 685, 689, 693, 696, 700, 704, 709, 711, 713, 721, 725, 729, 735, 740, 746, 749, 754, 755, 757, 762, 765, 772, 776, 785, 791, 796, 801, 807, 815, 817, 826, 830, 834, 841, 843, 847, 852, 855, 857, 860, 868, 871, 875, 882, 884, 888, 897, 900, 902, 911, 917, 926, 929, 932, 936, 940, 942, 948, 951, 953, 959, 964, 972, 976, 978, 983, 990, 994, 1000, 1007, 1009, 1019, 1031, 1036, 1042, 1049, 1051, 1057, 1059, 1066, 1069, 1075, 1083, 1094, 1103, 1115, 1120, 1126, 1131, 1133, 1141, 1144, 1146, 1151, 1155, 1166, 1169, 1176, 1179, 1185, 1188, 1195, 1197, 1209, 1214, 1220, 1222, 1232, 1236, 1242, 1245, 1249, 1256, 1258, 1266, 1271, 1277, 1281, 1288, 1293, 1301, 1306, 1310, 1315, 1319, 1320, 1328, 1332, 1337, 1347, 1350, 1356, 1362, 1367, 1368, 1370, 1375, 1380, 1383, 1387, 1400, 1409, 1417, 1419, 1428, 1431, 1435, 1443, 1449, 1456, 1464, 1472, 1481, 1491, 1501, 1504, 1510, 1514, 1519, 1521, 1529, 1532, 1537, 1544, 1549, 1552, 1553, 1558, 1560, 1564, 1565, 1567, 1569, 1573, 1574, 1583, 1591, 1593, 1597, 1608, 1617, 1625, 1633, 1640, 1648, 1657, 1660, 1672, 1677, 1685, 1689, 1698, 1709, 1716, 1720, 1724 ] }
1d0542a6d9d9437ab9c34ef1e6bd750a
Beyonce was speaking about whom when she said her gift was "finding the best qualities in every human being."?
{ "tokens": [ "Beyonce", "was", "speaking", "about", "whom", "when", "she", "said", "her", "gift", "was", "\"", "finding", "the", "best", "qualities", "in", "every", "human", "being", ".", "\"", "?" ], "offsets": [ 0, 8, 12, 21, 27, 32, 37, 41, 46, 50, 55, 59, 60, 68, 72, 77, 87, 90, 96, 102, 107, 108, 109 ] }
{ "text": [ "her mother" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 1277 ], "end": [ 1286 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 248 ], "end": [ 249 ] } ] }
[ "her mother" ]
SQuAD
In December, Beyoncé along with a variety of other celebrities teamed up and produced a video campaign for "Demand A Plan", a bipartisan effort by a group of 950 US mayors and others designed to influence the federal government into rethinking its gun control laws, following the Sandy Hook Elementary School shooting. Beyoncé became an ambassador for the 2012 World Humanitarian Day campaign donating her song "I Was Here" and its music video, shot in the UN, to the campaign. In 2013, it was announced that Beyoncé would work with Salma Hayek and Frida Giannini on a Gucci "Chime for Change" campaign that aims to spread female empowerment. The campaign, which aired on February 28, was set to her new music. A concert for the cause took place on June 1, 2013 in London and included other acts like Ellie Goulding, Florence and the Machine, and Rita Ora. In advance of the concert, she appeared in a campaign video released on 15 May 2013, where she, along with Cameron Diaz, John Legend and Kylie Minogue, described inspiration from their mothers, while a number of other artists celebrated personal inspiration from other women, leading to a call for submission of photos of women of viewers' inspiration from which a selection was shown at the concert. Beyoncé said about her mother Tina Knowles that her gift was "finding the best qualities in every human being." With help of the crowdfunding platform Catapult, visitors of the concert could choose between several projects promoting education of women and girls. Beyoncé is also taking part in "Miss a Meal", a food-donation campaign, and supporting Goodwill charity through online charity auctions at Charitybuzz that support job creation throughout Europe and the U.S.
{ "tokens": [ "In", "December", ",", "Beyoncé", "along", "with", "a", "variety", "of", "other", "celebrities", "teamed", "up", "and", "produced", "a", "video", "campaign", "for", "\"", "Demand", "A", "Plan", "\"", ",", "a", "bipartisan", "effort", "by", "a", "group", "of", "950", "US", "mayors", "and", "others", "designed", "to", "influence", "the", "federal", "government", "into", "rethinking", "its", "gun", "control", "laws", ",", "following", "the", "Sandy", "Hook", "Elementary", "School", "shooting", ".", "Beyoncé", "became", "an", "ambassador", "for", "the", "2012", "World", "Humanitarian", "Day", "campaign", "donating", "her", "song", "\"", "I", "Was", "Here", "\"", "and", "its", "music", "video", ",", "shot", "in", "the", "UN", ",", "to", "the", "campaign", ".", "In", "2013", ",", "it", "was", "announced", "that", "Beyoncé", "would", "work", "with", "Salma", "Hayek", "and", "Frida", "Giannini", "on", "a", "Gucci", "\"", "Chime", "for", "Change", "\"", "campaign", "that", "aims", "to", "spread", "female", "empowerment", ".", "The", "campaign", ",", "which", "aired", "on", "February", "28", ",", "was", "set", "to", "her", "new", "music", ".", "A", "concert", "for", "the", "cause", "took", "place", "on", "June", "1", ",", "2013", "in", "London", "and", "included", "other", "acts", "like", "Ellie", "Goulding", ",", "Florence", "and", "the", "Machine", ",", "and", "Rita", "Ora", ".", "In", "advance", "of", "the", "concert", ",", "she", "appeared", "in", "a", "campaign", "video", "released", "on", "15", "May", "2013", ",", "where", "she", ",", "along", "with", "Cameron", "Diaz", ",", "John", "Legend", "and", "Kylie", "Minogue", ",", "described", "inspiration", "from", "their", "mothers", ",", "while", "a", "number", "of", "other", "artists", "celebrated", "personal", "inspiration", "from", "other", "women", ",", "leading", "to", "a", "call", "for", "submission", "of", "photos", "of", "women", "of", "viewers", "'", "inspiration", "from", "which", "a", "selection", "was", "shown", "at", "the", "concert", ".", "Beyoncé", "said", "about", "her", "mother", "Tina", "Knowles", "that", "her", "gift", "was", "\"", "finding", "the", "best", "qualities", "in", "every", "human", "being", ".", "\"", "With", "help", "of", "the", "crowdfunding", "platform", "Catapult", ",", "visitors", "of", "the", "concert", "could", "choose", "between", "several", "projects", "promoting", "education", "of", "women", "and", "girls", ".", "Beyoncé", "is", "also", "taking", "part", "in", "\"", "Miss", "a", "Meal", "\"", ",", "a", "food", "-", "donation", "campaign", ",", "and", "supporting", "Goodwill", "charity", "through", "online", "charity", "auctions", "at", "Charitybuzz", "that", "support", "job", "creation", "throughout", "Europe", "and", "the", "U.S." ], "offsets": [ 0, 3, 11, 13, 21, 27, 32, 34, 42, 45, 51, 63, 70, 73, 77, 86, 88, 94, 103, 107, 108, 115, 117, 121, 122, 124, 126, 137, 144, 147, 149, 155, 158, 162, 165, 172, 176, 183, 192, 195, 205, 209, 217, 228, 233, 244, 248, 252, 260, 264, 266, 276, 280, 286, 291, 302, 309, 317, 319, 327, 334, 337, 348, 352, 356, 361, 367, 380, 384, 393, 402, 406, 411, 412, 414, 418, 422, 424, 428, 432, 438, 443, 445, 450, 453, 457, 459, 461, 464, 468, 476, 478, 481, 485, 487, 490, 494, 504, 509, 517, 523, 528, 533, 539, 545, 549, 555, 564, 567, 569, 575, 576, 582, 586, 592, 594, 603, 608, 613, 616, 623, 630, 641, 643, 647, 655, 657, 663, 669, 672, 681, 683, 685, 689, 693, 696, 700, 704, 709, 711, 713, 721, 725, 729, 735, 740, 746, 749, 754, 755, 757, 762, 765, 772, 776, 785, 791, 796, 801, 807, 815, 817, 826, 830, 834, 841, 843, 847, 852, 855, 857, 860, 868, 871, 875, 882, 884, 888, 897, 900, 902, 911, 917, 926, 929, 932, 936, 940, 942, 948, 951, 953, 959, 964, 972, 976, 978, 983, 990, 994, 1000, 1007, 1009, 1019, 1031, 1036, 1042, 1049, 1051, 1057, 1059, 1066, 1069, 1075, 1083, 1094, 1103, 1115, 1120, 1126, 1131, 1133, 1141, 1144, 1146, 1151, 1155, 1166, 1169, 1176, 1179, 1185, 1188, 1195, 1197, 1209, 1214, 1220, 1222, 1232, 1236, 1242, 1245, 1249, 1256, 1258, 1266, 1271, 1277, 1281, 1288, 1293, 1301, 1306, 1310, 1315, 1319, 1320, 1328, 1332, 1337, 1347, 1350, 1356, 1362, 1367, 1368, 1370, 1375, 1380, 1383, 1387, 1400, 1409, 1417, 1419, 1428, 1431, 1435, 1443, 1449, 1456, 1464, 1472, 1481, 1491, 1501, 1504, 1510, 1514, 1519, 1521, 1529, 1532, 1537, 1544, 1549, 1552, 1553, 1558, 1560, 1564, 1565, 1567, 1569, 1573, 1574, 1583, 1591, 1593, 1597, 1608, 1617, 1625, 1633, 1640, 1648, 1657, 1660, 1672, 1677, 1685, 1689, 1698, 1709, 1716, 1720, 1724 ] }
ce368e932f8b436cb41ca237f71f1197
The Demand a Plan video campaign followed what tragic event?
{ "tokens": [ "The", "Demand", "a", "Plan", "video", "campaign", "followed", "what", "tragic", "event", "?" ], "offsets": [ 0, 4, 11, 13, 18, 24, 33, 42, 47, 54, 59 ] }
{ "text": [ "Sandy Hook Elementary School shooting." ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 280 ], "end": [ 317 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 52 ], "end": [ 57 ] } ] }
[ "Sandy Hook Elementary School shooting." ]
SQuAD
In December, Beyoncé along with a variety of other celebrities teamed up and produced a video campaign for "Demand A Plan", a bipartisan effort by a group of 950 US mayors and others designed to influence the federal government into rethinking its gun control laws, following the Sandy Hook Elementary School shooting. Beyoncé became an ambassador for the 2012 World Humanitarian Day campaign donating her song "I Was Here" and its music video, shot in the UN, to the campaign. In 2013, it was announced that Beyoncé would work with Salma Hayek and Frida Giannini on a Gucci "Chime for Change" campaign that aims to spread female empowerment. The campaign, which aired on February 28, was set to her new music. A concert for the cause took place on June 1, 2013 in London and included other acts like Ellie Goulding, Florence and the Machine, and Rita Ora. In advance of the concert, she appeared in a campaign video released on 15 May 2013, where she, along with Cameron Diaz, John Legend and Kylie Minogue, described inspiration from their mothers, while a number of other artists celebrated personal inspiration from other women, leading to a call for submission of photos of women of viewers' inspiration from which a selection was shown at the concert. Beyoncé said about her mother Tina Knowles that her gift was "finding the best qualities in every human being." With help of the crowdfunding platform Catapult, visitors of the concert could choose between several projects promoting education of women and girls. Beyoncé is also taking part in "Miss a Meal", a food-donation campaign, and supporting Goodwill charity through online charity auctions at Charitybuzz that support job creation throughout Europe and the U.S.
{ "tokens": [ "In", "December", ",", "Beyoncé", "along", "with", "a", "variety", "of", "other", "celebrities", "teamed", "up", "and", "produced", "a", "video", "campaign", "for", "\"", "Demand", "A", "Plan", "\"", ",", "a", "bipartisan", "effort", "by", "a", "group", "of", "950", "US", "mayors", "and", "others", "designed", "to", "influence", "the", "federal", "government", "into", "rethinking", "its", "gun", "control", "laws", ",", "following", "the", "Sandy", "Hook", "Elementary", "School", "shooting", ".", "Beyoncé", "became", "an", "ambassador", "for", "the", "2012", "World", "Humanitarian", "Day", "campaign", "donating", "her", "song", "\"", "I", "Was", "Here", "\"", "and", "its", "music", "video", ",", "shot", "in", "the", "UN", ",", "to", "the", "campaign", ".", "In", "2013", ",", "it", "was", "announced", "that", "Beyoncé", "would", "work", "with", "Salma", "Hayek", "and", "Frida", "Giannini", "on", "a", "Gucci", "\"", "Chime", "for", "Change", "\"", "campaign", "that", "aims", "to", "spread", "female", "empowerment", ".", "The", "campaign", ",", "which", "aired", "on", "February", "28", ",", "was", "set", "to", "her", "new", "music", ".", "A", "concert", "for", "the", "cause", "took", "place", "on", "June", "1", ",", "2013", "in", "London", "and", "included", "other", "acts", "like", "Ellie", "Goulding", ",", "Florence", "and", "the", "Machine", ",", "and", "Rita", "Ora", ".", "In", "advance", "of", "the", "concert", ",", "she", "appeared", "in", "a", "campaign", "video", "released", "on", "15", "May", "2013", ",", "where", "she", ",", "along", "with", "Cameron", "Diaz", ",", "John", "Legend", "and", "Kylie", "Minogue", ",", "described", "inspiration", "from", "their", "mothers", ",", "while", "a", "number", "of", "other", "artists", "celebrated", "personal", "inspiration", "from", "other", "women", ",", "leading", "to", "a", "call", "for", "submission", "of", "photos", "of", "women", "of", "viewers", "'", "inspiration", "from", "which", "a", "selection", "was", "shown", "at", "the", "concert", ".", "Beyoncé", "said", "about", "her", "mother", "Tina", "Knowles", "that", "her", "gift", "was", "\"", "finding", "the", "best", "qualities", "in", "every", "human", "being", ".", "\"", "With", "help", "of", "the", "crowdfunding", "platform", "Catapult", ",", "visitors", "of", "the", "concert", "could", "choose", "between", "several", "projects", "promoting", "education", "of", "women", "and", "girls", ".", "Beyoncé", "is", "also", "taking", "part", "in", "\"", "Miss", "a", "Meal", "\"", ",", "a", "food", "-", "donation", "campaign", ",", "and", "supporting", "Goodwill", "charity", "through", "online", "charity", "auctions", "at", "Charitybuzz", "that", "support", "job", "creation", "throughout", "Europe", "and", "the", "U.S." ], "offsets": [ 0, 3, 11, 13, 21, 27, 32, 34, 42, 45, 51, 63, 70, 73, 77, 86, 88, 94, 103, 107, 108, 115, 117, 121, 122, 124, 126, 137, 144, 147, 149, 155, 158, 162, 165, 172, 176, 183, 192, 195, 205, 209, 217, 228, 233, 244, 248, 252, 260, 264, 266, 276, 280, 286, 291, 302, 309, 317, 319, 327, 334, 337, 348, 352, 356, 361, 367, 380, 384, 393, 402, 406, 411, 412, 414, 418, 422, 424, 428, 432, 438, 443, 445, 450, 453, 457, 459, 461, 464, 468, 476, 478, 481, 485, 487, 490, 494, 504, 509, 517, 523, 528, 533, 539, 545, 549, 555, 564, 567, 569, 575, 576, 582, 586, 592, 594, 603, 608, 613, 616, 623, 630, 641, 643, 647, 655, 657, 663, 669, 672, 681, 683, 685, 689, 693, 696, 700, 704, 709, 711, 713, 721, 725, 729, 735, 740, 746, 749, 754, 755, 757, 762, 765, 772, 776, 785, 791, 796, 801, 807, 815, 817, 826, 830, 834, 841, 843, 847, 852, 855, 857, 860, 868, 871, 875, 882, 884, 888, 897, 900, 902, 911, 917, 926, 929, 932, 936, 940, 942, 948, 951, 953, 959, 964, 972, 976, 978, 983, 990, 994, 1000, 1007, 1009, 1019, 1031, 1036, 1042, 1049, 1051, 1057, 1059, 1066, 1069, 1075, 1083, 1094, 1103, 1115, 1120, 1126, 1131, 1133, 1141, 1144, 1146, 1151, 1155, 1166, 1169, 1176, 1179, 1185, 1188, 1195, 1197, 1209, 1214, 1220, 1222, 1232, 1236, 1242, 1245, 1249, 1256, 1258, 1266, 1271, 1277, 1281, 1288, 1293, 1301, 1306, 1310, 1315, 1319, 1320, 1328, 1332, 1337, 1347, 1350, 1356, 1362, 1367, 1368, 1370, 1375, 1380, 1383, 1387, 1400, 1409, 1417, 1419, 1428, 1431, 1435, 1443, 1449, 1456, 1464, 1472, 1481, 1491, 1501, 1504, 1510, 1514, 1519, 1521, 1529, 1532, 1537, 1544, 1549, 1552, 1553, 1558, 1560, 1564, 1565, 1567, 1569, 1573, 1574, 1583, 1591, 1593, 1597, 1608, 1617, 1625, 1633, 1640, 1648, 1657, 1660, 1672, 1677, 1685, 1689, 1698, 1709, 1716, 1720, 1724 ] }
e87e6d5f920148ea9686b60676c6e690
What was the focus of the Gucci Chime for Change campaign?
{ "tokens": [ "What", "was", "the", "focus", "of", "the", "Gucci", "Chime", "for", "Change", "campaign", "?" ], "offsets": [ 0, 5, 9, 13, 19, 22, 26, 32, 38, 42, 49, 57 ] }
{ "text": [ "spread female empowerment" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 616 ], "end": [ 640 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 119 ], "end": [ 121 ] } ] }
[ "spread female empowerment" ]
SQuAD
In December, Beyoncé along with a variety of other celebrities teamed up and produced a video campaign for "Demand A Plan", a bipartisan effort by a group of 950 US mayors and others designed to influence the federal government into rethinking its gun control laws, following the Sandy Hook Elementary School shooting. Beyoncé became an ambassador for the 2012 World Humanitarian Day campaign donating her song "I Was Here" and its music video, shot in the UN, to the campaign. In 2013, it was announced that Beyoncé would work with Salma Hayek and Frida Giannini on a Gucci "Chime for Change" campaign that aims to spread female empowerment. The campaign, which aired on February 28, was set to her new music. A concert for the cause took place on June 1, 2013 in London and included other acts like Ellie Goulding, Florence and the Machine, and Rita Ora. In advance of the concert, she appeared in a campaign video released on 15 May 2013, where she, along with Cameron Diaz, John Legend and Kylie Minogue, described inspiration from their mothers, while a number of other artists celebrated personal inspiration from other women, leading to a call for submission of photos of women of viewers' inspiration from which a selection was shown at the concert. Beyoncé said about her mother Tina Knowles that her gift was "finding the best qualities in every human being." With help of the crowdfunding platform Catapult, visitors of the concert could choose between several projects promoting education of women and girls. Beyoncé is also taking part in "Miss a Meal", a food-donation campaign, and supporting Goodwill charity through online charity auctions at Charitybuzz that support job creation throughout Europe and the U.S.
{ "tokens": [ "In", "December", ",", "Beyoncé", "along", "with", "a", "variety", "of", "other", "celebrities", "teamed", "up", "and", "produced", "a", "video", "campaign", "for", "\"", "Demand", "A", "Plan", "\"", ",", "a", "bipartisan", "effort", "by", "a", "group", "of", "950", "US", "mayors", "and", "others", "designed", "to", "influence", "the", "federal", "government", "into", "rethinking", "its", "gun", "control", "laws", ",", "following", "the", "Sandy", "Hook", "Elementary", "School", "shooting", ".", "Beyoncé", "became", "an", "ambassador", "for", "the", "2012", "World", "Humanitarian", "Day", "campaign", "donating", "her", "song", "\"", "I", "Was", "Here", "\"", "and", "its", "music", "video", ",", "shot", "in", "the", "UN", ",", "to", "the", "campaign", ".", "In", "2013", ",", "it", "was", "announced", "that", "Beyoncé", "would", "work", "with", "Salma", "Hayek", "and", "Frida", "Giannini", "on", "a", "Gucci", "\"", "Chime", "for", "Change", "\"", "campaign", "that", "aims", "to", "spread", "female", "empowerment", ".", "The", "campaign", ",", "which", "aired", "on", "February", "28", ",", "was", "set", "to", "her", "new", "music", ".", "A", "concert", "for", "the", "cause", "took", "place", "on", "June", "1", ",", "2013", "in", "London", "and", "included", "other", "acts", "like", "Ellie", "Goulding", ",", "Florence", "and", "the", "Machine", ",", "and", "Rita", "Ora", ".", "In", "advance", "of", "the", "concert", ",", "she", "appeared", "in", "a", "campaign", "video", "released", "on", "15", "May", "2013", ",", "where", "she", ",", "along", "with", "Cameron", "Diaz", ",", "John", "Legend", "and", "Kylie", "Minogue", ",", "described", "inspiration", "from", "their", "mothers", ",", "while", "a", "number", "of", "other", "artists", "celebrated", "personal", "inspiration", "from", "other", "women", ",", "leading", "to", "a", "call", "for", "submission", "of", "photos", "of", "women", "of", "viewers", "'", "inspiration", "from", "which", "a", "selection", "was", "shown", "at", "the", "concert", ".", "Beyoncé", "said", "about", "her", "mother", "Tina", "Knowles", "that", "her", "gift", "was", "\"", "finding", "the", "best", "qualities", "in", "every", "human", "being", ".", "\"", "With", "help", "of", "the", "crowdfunding", "platform", "Catapult", ",", "visitors", "of", "the", "concert", "could", "choose", "between", "several", "projects", "promoting", "education", "of", "women", "and", "girls", ".", "Beyoncé", "is", "also", "taking", "part", "in", "\"", "Miss", "a", "Meal", "\"", ",", "a", "food", "-", "donation", "campaign", ",", "and", "supporting", "Goodwill", "charity", "through", "online", "charity", "auctions", "at", "Charitybuzz", "that", "support", "job", "creation", "throughout", "Europe", "and", "the", "U.S." ], "offsets": [ 0, 3, 11, 13, 21, 27, 32, 34, 42, 45, 51, 63, 70, 73, 77, 86, 88, 94, 103, 107, 108, 115, 117, 121, 122, 124, 126, 137, 144, 147, 149, 155, 158, 162, 165, 172, 176, 183, 192, 195, 205, 209, 217, 228, 233, 244, 248, 252, 260, 264, 266, 276, 280, 286, 291, 302, 309, 317, 319, 327, 334, 337, 348, 352, 356, 361, 367, 380, 384, 393, 402, 406, 411, 412, 414, 418, 422, 424, 428, 432, 438, 443, 445, 450, 453, 457, 459, 461, 464, 468, 476, 478, 481, 485, 487, 490, 494, 504, 509, 517, 523, 528, 533, 539, 545, 549, 555, 564, 567, 569, 575, 576, 582, 586, 592, 594, 603, 608, 613, 616, 623, 630, 641, 643, 647, 655, 657, 663, 669, 672, 681, 683, 685, 689, 693, 696, 700, 704, 709, 711, 713, 721, 725, 729, 735, 740, 746, 749, 754, 755, 757, 762, 765, 772, 776, 785, 791, 796, 801, 807, 815, 817, 826, 830, 834, 841, 843, 847, 852, 855, 857, 860, 868, 871, 875, 882, 884, 888, 897, 900, 902, 911, 917, 926, 929, 932, 936, 940, 942, 948, 951, 953, 959, 964, 972, 976, 978, 983, 990, 994, 1000, 1007, 1009, 1019, 1031, 1036, 1042, 1049, 1051, 1057, 1059, 1066, 1069, 1075, 1083, 1094, 1103, 1115, 1120, 1126, 1131, 1133, 1141, 1144, 1146, 1151, 1155, 1166, 1169, 1176, 1179, 1185, 1188, 1195, 1197, 1209, 1214, 1220, 1222, 1232, 1236, 1242, 1245, 1249, 1256, 1258, 1266, 1271, 1277, 1281, 1288, 1293, 1301, 1306, 1310, 1315, 1319, 1320, 1328, 1332, 1337, 1347, 1350, 1356, 1362, 1367, 1368, 1370, 1375, 1380, 1383, 1387, 1400, 1409, 1417, 1419, 1428, 1431, 1435, 1443, 1449, 1456, 1464, 1472, 1481, 1491, 1501, 1504, 1510, 1514, 1519, 1521, 1529, 1532, 1537, 1544, 1549, 1552, 1553, 1558, 1560, 1564, 1565, 1567, 1569, 1573, 1574, 1583, 1591, 1593, 1597, 1608, 1617, 1625, 1633, 1640, 1648, 1657, 1660, 1672, 1677, 1685, 1689, 1698, 1709, 1716, 1720, 1724 ] }
912f4fdd1038447a956fee04997f6466
What crowdfunding platform was used in the concert?
{ "tokens": [ "What", "crowdfunding", "platform", "was", "used", "in", "the", "concert", "?" ], "offsets": [ 0, 5, 18, 27, 31, 36, 39, 43, 50 ] }
{ "text": [ "Catapult" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 1409 ], "end": [ 1416 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 273 ], "end": [ 273 ] } ] }
[ "Catapult" ]
SQuAD
In December, Beyoncé along with a variety of other celebrities teamed up and produced a video campaign for "Demand A Plan", a bipartisan effort by a group of 950 US mayors and others designed to influence the federal government into rethinking its gun control laws, following the Sandy Hook Elementary School shooting. Beyoncé became an ambassador for the 2012 World Humanitarian Day campaign donating her song "I Was Here" and its music video, shot in the UN, to the campaign. In 2013, it was announced that Beyoncé would work with Salma Hayek and Frida Giannini on a Gucci "Chime for Change" campaign that aims to spread female empowerment. The campaign, which aired on February 28, was set to her new music. A concert for the cause took place on June 1, 2013 in London and included other acts like Ellie Goulding, Florence and the Machine, and Rita Ora. In advance of the concert, she appeared in a campaign video released on 15 May 2013, where she, along with Cameron Diaz, John Legend and Kylie Minogue, described inspiration from their mothers, while a number of other artists celebrated personal inspiration from other women, leading to a call for submission of photos of women of viewers' inspiration from which a selection was shown at the concert. Beyoncé said about her mother Tina Knowles that her gift was "finding the best qualities in every human being." With help of the crowdfunding platform Catapult, visitors of the concert could choose between several projects promoting education of women and girls. Beyoncé is also taking part in "Miss a Meal", a food-donation campaign, and supporting Goodwill charity through online charity auctions at Charitybuzz that support job creation throughout Europe and the U.S.
{ "tokens": [ "In", "December", ",", "Beyoncé", "along", "with", "a", "variety", "of", "other", "celebrities", "teamed", "up", "and", "produced", "a", "video", "campaign", "for", "\"", "Demand", "A", "Plan", "\"", ",", "a", "bipartisan", "effort", "by", "a", "group", "of", "950", "US", "mayors", "and", "others", "designed", "to", "influence", "the", "federal", "government", "into", "rethinking", "its", "gun", "control", "laws", ",", "following", "the", "Sandy", "Hook", "Elementary", "School", "shooting", ".", "Beyoncé", "became", "an", "ambassador", "for", "the", "2012", "World", "Humanitarian", "Day", "campaign", "donating", "her", "song", "\"", "I", "Was", "Here", "\"", "and", "its", "music", "video", ",", "shot", "in", "the", "UN", ",", "to", "the", "campaign", ".", "In", "2013", ",", "it", "was", "announced", "that", "Beyoncé", "would", "work", "with", "Salma", "Hayek", "and", "Frida", "Giannini", "on", "a", "Gucci", "\"", "Chime", "for", "Change", "\"", "campaign", "that", "aims", "to", "spread", "female", "empowerment", ".", "The", "campaign", ",", "which", "aired", "on", "February", "28", ",", "was", "set", "to", "her", "new", "music", ".", "A", "concert", "for", "the", "cause", "took", "place", "on", "June", "1", ",", "2013", "in", "London", "and", "included", "other", "acts", "like", "Ellie", "Goulding", ",", "Florence", "and", "the", "Machine", ",", "and", "Rita", "Ora", ".", "In", "advance", "of", "the", "concert", ",", "she", "appeared", "in", "a", "campaign", "video", "released", "on", "15", "May", "2013", ",", "where", "she", ",", "along", "with", "Cameron", "Diaz", ",", "John", "Legend", "and", "Kylie", "Minogue", ",", "described", "inspiration", "from", "their", "mothers", ",", "while", "a", "number", "of", "other", "artists", "celebrated", "personal", "inspiration", "from", "other", "women", ",", "leading", "to", "a", "call", "for", "submission", "of", "photos", "of", "women", "of", "viewers", "'", "inspiration", "from", "which", "a", "selection", "was", "shown", "at", "the", "concert", ".", "Beyoncé", "said", "about", "her", "mother", "Tina", "Knowles", "that", "her", "gift", "was", "\"", "finding", "the", "best", "qualities", "in", "every", "human", "being", ".", "\"", "With", "help", "of", "the", "crowdfunding", "platform", "Catapult", ",", "visitors", "of", "the", "concert", "could", "choose", "between", "several", "projects", "promoting", "education", "of", "women", "and", "girls", ".", "Beyoncé", "is", "also", "taking", "part", "in", "\"", "Miss", "a", "Meal", "\"", ",", "a", "food", "-", "donation", "campaign", ",", "and", "supporting", "Goodwill", "charity", "through", "online", "charity", "auctions", "at", "Charitybuzz", "that", "support", "job", "creation", "throughout", "Europe", "and", "the", "U.S." ], "offsets": [ 0, 3, 11, 13, 21, 27, 32, 34, 42, 45, 51, 63, 70, 73, 77, 86, 88, 94, 103, 107, 108, 115, 117, 121, 122, 124, 126, 137, 144, 147, 149, 155, 158, 162, 165, 172, 176, 183, 192, 195, 205, 209, 217, 228, 233, 244, 248, 252, 260, 264, 266, 276, 280, 286, 291, 302, 309, 317, 319, 327, 334, 337, 348, 352, 356, 361, 367, 380, 384, 393, 402, 406, 411, 412, 414, 418, 422, 424, 428, 432, 438, 443, 445, 450, 453, 457, 459, 461, 464, 468, 476, 478, 481, 485, 487, 490, 494, 504, 509, 517, 523, 528, 533, 539, 545, 549, 555, 564, 567, 569, 575, 576, 582, 586, 592, 594, 603, 608, 613, 616, 623, 630, 641, 643, 647, 655, 657, 663, 669, 672, 681, 683, 685, 689, 693, 696, 700, 704, 709, 711, 713, 721, 725, 729, 735, 740, 746, 749, 754, 755, 757, 762, 765, 772, 776, 785, 791, 796, 801, 807, 815, 817, 826, 830, 834, 841, 843, 847, 852, 855, 857, 860, 868, 871, 875, 882, 884, 888, 897, 900, 902, 911, 917, 926, 929, 932, 936, 940, 942, 948, 951, 953, 959, 964, 972, 976, 978, 983, 990, 994, 1000, 1007, 1009, 1019, 1031, 1036, 1042, 1049, 1051, 1057, 1059, 1066, 1069, 1075, 1083, 1094, 1103, 1115, 1120, 1126, 1131, 1133, 1141, 1144, 1146, 1151, 1155, 1166, 1169, 1176, 1179, 1185, 1188, 1195, 1197, 1209, 1214, 1220, 1222, 1232, 1236, 1242, 1245, 1249, 1256, 1258, 1266, 1271, 1277, 1281, 1288, 1293, 1301, 1306, 1310, 1315, 1319, 1320, 1328, 1332, 1337, 1347, 1350, 1356, 1362, 1367, 1368, 1370, 1375, 1380, 1383, 1387, 1400, 1409, 1417, 1419, 1428, 1431, 1435, 1443, 1449, 1456, 1464, 1472, 1481, 1491, 1501, 1504, 1510, 1514, 1519, 1521, 1529, 1532, 1537, 1544, 1549, 1552, 1553, 1558, 1560, 1564, 1565, 1567, 1569, 1573, 1574, 1583, 1591, 1593, 1597, 1608, 1617, 1625, 1633, 1640, 1648, 1657, 1660, 1672, 1677, 1685, 1689, 1698, 1709, 1716, 1720, 1724 ] }
470f67252398481b9555aafbf0e8ee79
What is the name of the campaign that Beyoncé and others are involved in that deals with gun control?
{ "tokens": [ "What", "is", "the", "name", "of", "the", "campaign", "that", "Beyoncé", "and", "others", "are", "involved", "in", "that", "deals", "with", "gun", "control", "?" ], "offsets": [ 0, 5, 8, 12, 17, 20, 24, 33, 38, 46, 50, 57, 61, 70, 73, 78, 84, 89, 93, 100 ] }
{ "text": [ "Demand A Plan" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 108 ], "end": [ 120 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 20 ], "end": [ 22 ] } ] }
[ "Demand A Plan" ]
SQuAD
In December, Beyoncé along with a variety of other celebrities teamed up and produced a video campaign for "Demand A Plan", a bipartisan effort by a group of 950 US mayors and others designed to influence the federal government into rethinking its gun control laws, following the Sandy Hook Elementary School shooting. Beyoncé became an ambassador for the 2012 World Humanitarian Day campaign donating her song "I Was Here" and its music video, shot in the UN, to the campaign. In 2013, it was announced that Beyoncé would work with Salma Hayek and Frida Giannini on a Gucci "Chime for Change" campaign that aims to spread female empowerment. The campaign, which aired on February 28, was set to her new music. A concert for the cause took place on June 1, 2013 in London and included other acts like Ellie Goulding, Florence and the Machine, and Rita Ora. In advance of the concert, she appeared in a campaign video released on 15 May 2013, where she, along with Cameron Diaz, John Legend and Kylie Minogue, described inspiration from their mothers, while a number of other artists celebrated personal inspiration from other women, leading to a call for submission of photos of women of viewers' inspiration from which a selection was shown at the concert. Beyoncé said about her mother Tina Knowles that her gift was "finding the best qualities in every human being." With help of the crowdfunding platform Catapult, visitors of the concert could choose between several projects promoting education of women and girls. Beyoncé is also taking part in "Miss a Meal", a food-donation campaign, and supporting Goodwill charity through online charity auctions at Charitybuzz that support job creation throughout Europe and the U.S.
{ "tokens": [ "In", "December", ",", "Beyoncé", "along", "with", "a", "variety", "of", "other", "celebrities", "teamed", "up", "and", "produced", "a", "video", "campaign", "for", "\"", "Demand", "A", "Plan", "\"", ",", "a", "bipartisan", "effort", "by", "a", "group", "of", "950", "US", "mayors", "and", "others", "designed", "to", "influence", "the", "federal", "government", "into", "rethinking", "its", "gun", "control", "laws", ",", "following", "the", "Sandy", "Hook", "Elementary", "School", "shooting", ".", "Beyoncé", "became", "an", "ambassador", "for", "the", "2012", "World", "Humanitarian", "Day", "campaign", "donating", "her", "song", "\"", "I", "Was", "Here", "\"", "and", "its", "music", "video", ",", "shot", "in", "the", "UN", ",", "to", "the", "campaign", ".", "In", "2013", ",", "it", "was", "announced", "that", "Beyoncé", "would", "work", "with", "Salma", "Hayek", "and", "Frida", "Giannini", "on", "a", "Gucci", "\"", "Chime", "for", "Change", "\"", "campaign", "that", "aims", "to", "spread", "female", "empowerment", ".", "The", "campaign", ",", "which", "aired", "on", "February", "28", ",", "was", "set", "to", "her", "new", "music", ".", "A", "concert", "for", "the", "cause", "took", "place", "on", "June", "1", ",", "2013", "in", "London", "and", "included", "other", "acts", "like", "Ellie", "Goulding", ",", "Florence", "and", "the", "Machine", ",", "and", "Rita", "Ora", ".", "In", "advance", "of", "the", "concert", ",", "she", "appeared", "in", "a", "campaign", "video", "released", "on", "15", "May", "2013", ",", "where", "she", ",", "along", "with", "Cameron", "Diaz", ",", "John", "Legend", "and", "Kylie", "Minogue", ",", "described", "inspiration", "from", "their", "mothers", ",", "while", "a", "number", "of", "other", "artists", "celebrated", "personal", "inspiration", "from", "other", "women", ",", "leading", "to", "a", "call", "for", "submission", "of", "photos", "of", "women", "of", "viewers", "'", "inspiration", "from", "which", "a", "selection", "was", "shown", "at", "the", "concert", ".", "Beyoncé", "said", "about", "her", "mother", "Tina", "Knowles", "that", "her", "gift", "was", "\"", "finding", "the", "best", "qualities", "in", "every", "human", "being", ".", "\"", "With", "help", "of", "the", "crowdfunding", "platform", "Catapult", ",", "visitors", "of", "the", "concert", "could", "choose", "between", "several", "projects", "promoting", "education", "of", "women", "and", "girls", ".", "Beyoncé", "is", "also", "taking", "part", "in", "\"", "Miss", "a", "Meal", "\"", ",", "a", "food", "-", "donation", "campaign", ",", "and", "supporting", "Goodwill", "charity", "through", "online", "charity", "auctions", "at", "Charitybuzz", "that", "support", "job", "creation", "throughout", "Europe", "and", "the", "U.S." ], "offsets": [ 0, 3, 11, 13, 21, 27, 32, 34, 42, 45, 51, 63, 70, 73, 77, 86, 88, 94, 103, 107, 108, 115, 117, 121, 122, 124, 126, 137, 144, 147, 149, 155, 158, 162, 165, 172, 176, 183, 192, 195, 205, 209, 217, 228, 233, 244, 248, 252, 260, 264, 266, 276, 280, 286, 291, 302, 309, 317, 319, 327, 334, 337, 348, 352, 356, 361, 367, 380, 384, 393, 402, 406, 411, 412, 414, 418, 422, 424, 428, 432, 438, 443, 445, 450, 453, 457, 459, 461, 464, 468, 476, 478, 481, 485, 487, 490, 494, 504, 509, 517, 523, 528, 533, 539, 545, 549, 555, 564, 567, 569, 575, 576, 582, 586, 592, 594, 603, 608, 613, 616, 623, 630, 641, 643, 647, 655, 657, 663, 669, 672, 681, 683, 685, 689, 693, 696, 700, 704, 709, 711, 713, 721, 725, 729, 735, 740, 746, 749, 754, 755, 757, 762, 765, 772, 776, 785, 791, 796, 801, 807, 815, 817, 826, 830, 834, 841, 843, 847, 852, 855, 857, 860, 868, 871, 875, 882, 884, 888, 897, 900, 902, 911, 917, 926, 929, 932, 936, 940, 942, 948, 951, 953, 959, 964, 972, 976, 978, 983, 990, 994, 1000, 1007, 1009, 1019, 1031, 1036, 1042, 1049, 1051, 1057, 1059, 1066, 1069, 1075, 1083, 1094, 1103, 1115, 1120, 1126, 1131, 1133, 1141, 1144, 1146, 1151, 1155, 1166, 1169, 1176, 1179, 1185, 1188, 1195, 1197, 1209, 1214, 1220, 1222, 1232, 1236, 1242, 1245, 1249, 1256, 1258, 1266, 1271, 1277, 1281, 1288, 1293, 1301, 1306, 1310, 1315, 1319, 1320, 1328, 1332, 1337, 1347, 1350, 1356, 1362, 1367, 1368, 1370, 1375, 1380, 1383, 1387, 1400, 1409, 1417, 1419, 1428, 1431, 1435, 1443, 1449, 1456, 1464, 1472, 1481, 1491, 1501, 1504, 1510, 1514, 1519, 1521, 1529, 1532, 1537, 1544, 1549, 1552, 1553, 1558, 1560, 1564, 1565, 1567, 1569, 1573, 1574, 1583, 1591, 1593, 1597, 1608, 1617, 1625, 1633, 1640, 1648, 1657, 1660, 1672, 1677, 1685, 1689, 1698, 1709, 1716, 1720, 1724 ] }
9f3a32deddbf4872a53312bdd7e07db0
What school shooting prompted the creation of Demand A Plan?
{ "tokens": [ "What", "school", "shooting", "prompted", "the", "creation", "of", "Demand", "A", "Plan", "?" ], "offsets": [ 0, 5, 12, 21, 30, 34, 43, 46, 53, 55, 59 ] }
{ "text": [ "Sandy Hook Elementary School" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 280 ], "end": [ 307 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 52 ], "end": [ 55 ] } ] }
[ "Sandy Hook Elementary School" ]
SQuAD
In December, Beyoncé along with a variety of other celebrities teamed up and produced a video campaign for "Demand A Plan", a bipartisan effort by a group of 950 US mayors and others designed to influence the federal government into rethinking its gun control laws, following the Sandy Hook Elementary School shooting. Beyoncé became an ambassador for the 2012 World Humanitarian Day campaign donating her song "I Was Here" and its music video, shot in the UN, to the campaign. In 2013, it was announced that Beyoncé would work with Salma Hayek and Frida Giannini on a Gucci "Chime for Change" campaign that aims to spread female empowerment. The campaign, which aired on February 28, was set to her new music. A concert for the cause took place on June 1, 2013 in London and included other acts like Ellie Goulding, Florence and the Machine, and Rita Ora. In advance of the concert, she appeared in a campaign video released on 15 May 2013, where she, along with Cameron Diaz, John Legend and Kylie Minogue, described inspiration from their mothers, while a number of other artists celebrated personal inspiration from other women, leading to a call for submission of photos of women of viewers' inspiration from which a selection was shown at the concert. Beyoncé said about her mother Tina Knowles that her gift was "finding the best qualities in every human being." With help of the crowdfunding platform Catapult, visitors of the concert could choose between several projects promoting education of women and girls. Beyoncé is also taking part in "Miss a Meal", a food-donation campaign, and supporting Goodwill charity through online charity auctions at Charitybuzz that support job creation throughout Europe and the U.S.
{ "tokens": [ "In", "December", ",", "Beyoncé", "along", "with", "a", "variety", "of", "other", "celebrities", "teamed", "up", "and", "produced", "a", "video", "campaign", "for", "\"", "Demand", "A", "Plan", "\"", ",", "a", "bipartisan", "effort", "by", "a", "group", "of", "950", "US", "mayors", "and", "others", "designed", "to", "influence", "the", "federal", "government", "into", "rethinking", "its", "gun", "control", "laws", ",", "following", "the", "Sandy", "Hook", "Elementary", "School", "shooting", ".", "Beyoncé", "became", "an", "ambassador", "for", "the", "2012", "World", "Humanitarian", "Day", "campaign", "donating", "her", "song", "\"", "I", "Was", "Here", "\"", "and", "its", "music", "video", ",", "shot", "in", "the", "UN", ",", "to", "the", "campaign", ".", "In", "2013", ",", "it", "was", "announced", "that", "Beyoncé", "would", "work", "with", "Salma", "Hayek", "and", "Frida", "Giannini", "on", "a", "Gucci", "\"", "Chime", "for", "Change", "\"", "campaign", "that", "aims", "to", "spread", "female", "empowerment", ".", "The", "campaign", ",", "which", "aired", "on", "February", "28", ",", "was", "set", "to", "her", "new", "music", ".", "A", "concert", "for", "the", "cause", "took", "place", "on", "June", "1", ",", "2013", "in", "London", "and", "included", "other", "acts", "like", "Ellie", "Goulding", ",", "Florence", "and", "the", "Machine", ",", "and", "Rita", "Ora", ".", "In", "advance", "of", "the", "concert", ",", "she", "appeared", "in", "a", "campaign", "video", "released", "on", "15", "May", "2013", ",", "where", "she", ",", "along", "with", "Cameron", "Diaz", ",", "John", "Legend", "and", "Kylie", "Minogue", ",", "described", "inspiration", "from", "their", "mothers", ",", "while", "a", "number", "of", "other", "artists", "celebrated", "personal", "inspiration", "from", "other", "women", ",", "leading", "to", "a", "call", "for", "submission", "of", "photos", "of", "women", "of", "viewers", "'", "inspiration", "from", "which", "a", "selection", "was", "shown", "at", "the", "concert", ".", "Beyoncé", "said", "about", "her", "mother", "Tina", "Knowles", "that", "her", "gift", "was", "\"", "finding", "the", "best", "qualities", "in", "every", "human", "being", ".", "\"", "With", "help", "of", "the", "crowdfunding", "platform", "Catapult", ",", "visitors", "of", "the", "concert", "could", "choose", "between", "several", "projects", "promoting", "education", "of", "women", "and", "girls", ".", "Beyoncé", "is", "also", "taking", "part", "in", "\"", "Miss", "a", "Meal", "\"", ",", "a", "food", "-", "donation", "campaign", ",", "and", "supporting", "Goodwill", "charity", "through", "online", "charity", "auctions", "at", "Charitybuzz", "that", "support", "job", "creation", "throughout", "Europe", "and", "the", "U.S." ], "offsets": [ 0, 3, 11, 13, 21, 27, 32, 34, 42, 45, 51, 63, 70, 73, 77, 86, 88, 94, 103, 107, 108, 115, 117, 121, 122, 124, 126, 137, 144, 147, 149, 155, 158, 162, 165, 172, 176, 183, 192, 195, 205, 209, 217, 228, 233, 244, 248, 252, 260, 264, 266, 276, 280, 286, 291, 302, 309, 317, 319, 327, 334, 337, 348, 352, 356, 361, 367, 380, 384, 393, 402, 406, 411, 412, 414, 418, 422, 424, 428, 432, 438, 443, 445, 450, 453, 457, 459, 461, 464, 468, 476, 478, 481, 485, 487, 490, 494, 504, 509, 517, 523, 528, 533, 539, 545, 549, 555, 564, 567, 569, 575, 576, 582, 586, 592, 594, 603, 608, 613, 616, 623, 630, 641, 643, 647, 655, 657, 663, 669, 672, 681, 683, 685, 689, 693, 696, 700, 704, 709, 711, 713, 721, 725, 729, 735, 740, 746, 749, 754, 755, 757, 762, 765, 772, 776, 785, 791, 796, 801, 807, 815, 817, 826, 830, 834, 841, 843, 847, 852, 855, 857, 860, 868, 871, 875, 882, 884, 888, 897, 900, 902, 911, 917, 926, 929, 932, 936, 940, 942, 948, 951, 953, 959, 964, 972, 976, 978, 983, 990, 994, 1000, 1007, 1009, 1019, 1031, 1036, 1042, 1049, 1051, 1057, 1059, 1066, 1069, 1075, 1083, 1094, 1103, 1115, 1120, 1126, 1131, 1133, 1141, 1144, 1146, 1151, 1155, 1166, 1169, 1176, 1179, 1185, 1188, 1195, 1197, 1209, 1214, 1220, 1222, 1232, 1236, 1242, 1245, 1249, 1256, 1258, 1266, 1271, 1277, 1281, 1288, 1293, 1301, 1306, 1310, 1315, 1319, 1320, 1328, 1332, 1337, 1347, 1350, 1356, 1362, 1367, 1368, 1370, 1375, 1380, 1383, 1387, 1400, 1409, 1417, 1419, 1428, 1431, 1435, 1443, 1449, 1456, 1464, 1472, 1481, 1491, 1501, 1504, 1510, 1514, 1519, 1521, 1529, 1532, 1537, 1544, 1549, 1552, 1553, 1558, 1560, 1564, 1565, 1567, 1569, 1573, 1574, 1583, 1591, 1593, 1597, 1608, 1617, 1625, 1633, 1640, 1648, 1657, 1660, 1672, 1677, 1685, 1689, 1698, 1709, 1716, 1720, 1724 ] }
e0910ae3f717455ca276a9c2cee46aa3
What song did Beyoncé donate to the 2012 World Humanitarian Day campaign?
{ "tokens": [ "What", "song", "did", "Beyoncé", "donate", "to", "the", "2012", "World", "Humanitarian", "Day", "campaign", "?" ], "offsets": [ 0, 5, 10, 14, 22, 29, 32, 36, 41, 47, 60, 64, 72 ] }
{ "text": [ "I Was Here" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 412 ], "end": [ 421 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 73 ], "end": [ 75 ] } ] }
[ "I Was Here" ]
SQuAD
In December, Beyoncé along with a variety of other celebrities teamed up and produced a video campaign for "Demand A Plan", a bipartisan effort by a group of 950 US mayors and others designed to influence the federal government into rethinking its gun control laws, following the Sandy Hook Elementary School shooting. Beyoncé became an ambassador for the 2012 World Humanitarian Day campaign donating her song "I Was Here" and its music video, shot in the UN, to the campaign. In 2013, it was announced that Beyoncé would work with Salma Hayek and Frida Giannini on a Gucci "Chime for Change" campaign that aims to spread female empowerment. The campaign, which aired on February 28, was set to her new music. A concert for the cause took place on June 1, 2013 in London and included other acts like Ellie Goulding, Florence and the Machine, and Rita Ora. In advance of the concert, she appeared in a campaign video released on 15 May 2013, where she, along with Cameron Diaz, John Legend and Kylie Minogue, described inspiration from their mothers, while a number of other artists celebrated personal inspiration from other women, leading to a call for submission of photos of women of viewers' inspiration from which a selection was shown at the concert. Beyoncé said about her mother Tina Knowles that her gift was "finding the best qualities in every human being." With help of the crowdfunding platform Catapult, visitors of the concert could choose between several projects promoting education of women and girls. Beyoncé is also taking part in "Miss a Meal", a food-donation campaign, and supporting Goodwill charity through online charity auctions at Charitybuzz that support job creation throughout Europe and the U.S.
{ "tokens": [ "In", "December", ",", "Beyoncé", "along", "with", "a", "variety", "of", "other", "celebrities", "teamed", "up", "and", "produced", "a", "video", "campaign", "for", "\"", "Demand", "A", "Plan", "\"", ",", "a", "bipartisan", "effort", "by", "a", "group", "of", "950", "US", "mayors", "and", "others", "designed", "to", "influence", "the", "federal", "government", "into", "rethinking", "its", "gun", "control", "laws", ",", "following", "the", "Sandy", "Hook", "Elementary", "School", "shooting", ".", "Beyoncé", "became", "an", "ambassador", "for", "the", "2012", "World", "Humanitarian", "Day", "campaign", "donating", "her", "song", "\"", "I", "Was", "Here", "\"", "and", "its", "music", "video", ",", "shot", "in", "the", "UN", ",", "to", "the", "campaign", ".", "In", "2013", ",", "it", "was", "announced", "that", "Beyoncé", "would", "work", "with", "Salma", "Hayek", "and", "Frida", "Giannini", "on", "a", "Gucci", "\"", "Chime", "for", "Change", "\"", "campaign", "that", "aims", "to", "spread", "female", "empowerment", ".", "The", "campaign", ",", "which", "aired", "on", "February", "28", ",", "was", "set", "to", "her", "new", "music", ".", "A", "concert", "for", "the", "cause", "took", "place", "on", "June", "1", ",", "2013", "in", "London", "and", "included", "other", "acts", "like", "Ellie", "Goulding", ",", "Florence", "and", "the", "Machine", ",", "and", "Rita", "Ora", ".", "In", "advance", "of", "the", "concert", ",", "she", "appeared", "in", "a", "campaign", "video", "released", "on", "15", "May", "2013", ",", "where", "she", ",", "along", "with", "Cameron", "Diaz", ",", "John", "Legend", "and", "Kylie", "Minogue", ",", "described", "inspiration", "from", "their", "mothers", ",", "while", "a", "number", "of", "other", "artists", "celebrated", "personal", "inspiration", "from", "other", "women", ",", "leading", "to", "a", "call", "for", "submission", "of", "photos", "of", "women", "of", "viewers", "'", "inspiration", "from", "which", "a", "selection", "was", "shown", "at", "the", "concert", ".", "Beyoncé", "said", "about", "her", "mother", "Tina", "Knowles", "that", "her", "gift", "was", "\"", "finding", "the", "best", "qualities", "in", "every", "human", "being", ".", "\"", "With", "help", "of", "the", "crowdfunding", "platform", "Catapult", ",", "visitors", "of", "the", "concert", "could", "choose", "between", "several", "projects", "promoting", "education", "of", "women", "and", "girls", ".", "Beyoncé", "is", "also", "taking", "part", "in", "\"", "Miss", "a", "Meal", "\"", ",", "a", "food", "-", "donation", "campaign", ",", "and", "supporting", "Goodwill", "charity", "through", "online", "charity", "auctions", "at", "Charitybuzz", "that", "support", "job", "creation", "throughout", "Europe", "and", "the", "U.S." ], "offsets": [ 0, 3, 11, 13, 21, 27, 32, 34, 42, 45, 51, 63, 70, 73, 77, 86, 88, 94, 103, 107, 108, 115, 117, 121, 122, 124, 126, 137, 144, 147, 149, 155, 158, 162, 165, 172, 176, 183, 192, 195, 205, 209, 217, 228, 233, 244, 248, 252, 260, 264, 266, 276, 280, 286, 291, 302, 309, 317, 319, 327, 334, 337, 348, 352, 356, 361, 367, 380, 384, 393, 402, 406, 411, 412, 414, 418, 422, 424, 428, 432, 438, 443, 445, 450, 453, 457, 459, 461, 464, 468, 476, 478, 481, 485, 487, 490, 494, 504, 509, 517, 523, 528, 533, 539, 545, 549, 555, 564, 567, 569, 575, 576, 582, 586, 592, 594, 603, 608, 613, 616, 623, 630, 641, 643, 647, 655, 657, 663, 669, 672, 681, 683, 685, 689, 693, 696, 700, 704, 709, 711, 713, 721, 725, 729, 735, 740, 746, 749, 754, 755, 757, 762, 765, 772, 776, 785, 791, 796, 801, 807, 815, 817, 826, 830, 834, 841, 843, 847, 852, 855, 857, 860, 868, 871, 875, 882, 884, 888, 897, 900, 902, 911, 917, 926, 929, 932, 936, 940, 942, 948, 951, 953, 959, 964, 972, 976, 978, 983, 990, 994, 1000, 1007, 1009, 1019, 1031, 1036, 1042, 1049, 1051, 1057, 1059, 1066, 1069, 1075, 1083, 1094, 1103, 1115, 1120, 1126, 1131, 1133, 1141, 1144, 1146, 1151, 1155, 1166, 1169, 1176, 1179, 1185, 1188, 1195, 1197, 1209, 1214, 1220, 1222, 1232, 1236, 1242, 1245, 1249, 1256, 1258, 1266, 1271, 1277, 1281, 1288, 1293, 1301, 1306, 1310, 1315, 1319, 1320, 1328, 1332, 1337, 1347, 1350, 1356, 1362, 1367, 1368, 1370, 1375, 1380, 1383, 1387, 1400, 1409, 1417, 1419, 1428, 1431, 1435, 1443, 1449, 1456, 1464, 1472, 1481, 1491, 1501, 1504, 1510, 1514, 1519, 1521, 1529, 1532, 1537, 1544, 1549, 1552, 1553, 1558, 1560, 1564, 1565, 1567, 1569, 1573, 1574, 1583, 1591, 1593, 1597, 1608, 1617, 1625, 1633, 1640, 1648, 1657, 1660, 1672, 1677, 1685, 1689, 1698, 1709, 1716, 1720, 1724 ] }
04031434b7be416a98cc9af15158d772
Who did Beyoncé work with in 2013 on the Chime for Change campaign?
{ "tokens": [ "Who", "did", "Beyoncé", "work", "with", "in", "2013", "on", "the", "Chime", "for", "Change", "campaign", "?" ], "offsets": [ 0, 4, 8, 16, 21, 26, 29, 34, 37, 41, 47, 51, 58, 66 ] }
{ "text": [ "Salma Hayek and Frida Giannini" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 533 ], "end": [ 562 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 102 ], "end": [ 106 ] } ] }
[ "Salma Hayek and Frida Giannini" ]
SQuAD
Simultaneously with these conflicts, bison, a keystone species and the primary protein source that Native people had survived on for centuries were being destroyed. Some estimates say there were over 13 million bison in Montana in 1870. In 1875, General Philip Sheridan pleaded to a joint session of Congress to authorize the slaughtering of herds in order to deprive the Indians of their source of food. By 1884, commercial hunting had brought bison to the verge of extinction; only about 325 bison remained in the entire United States.
{ "tokens": [ "Simultaneously", "with", "these", "conflicts", ",", "bison", ",", "a", "keystone", "species", "and", "the", "primary", "protein", "source", "that", "Native", "people", "had", "survived", "on", "for", "centuries", "were", "being", "destroyed", ".", "Some", "estimates", "say", "there", "were", "over", "13", "million", "bison", "in", "Montana", "in", "1870", ".", "In", "1875", ",", "General", "Philip", "Sheridan", "pleaded", "to", "a", "joint", "session", "of", "Congress", "to", "authorize", "the", "slaughtering", "of", "herds", "in", "order", "to", "deprive", "the", "Indians", "of", "their", "source", "of", "food", ".", "By", "1884", ",", "commercial", "hunting", "had", "brought", "bison", "to", "the", "verge", "of", "extinction", ";", "only", "about", "325", "bison", "remained", "in", "the", "entire", "United", "States", "." ], "offsets": [ 0, 15, 20, 26, 35, 37, 42, 44, 46, 55, 63, 67, 71, 79, 87, 94, 99, 106, 113, 117, 126, 129, 133, 143, 148, 154, 163, 165, 170, 180, 184, 190, 195, 200, 203, 211, 217, 220, 228, 231, 235, 237, 240, 244, 246, 254, 261, 270, 278, 281, 283, 289, 297, 300, 309, 312, 322, 326, 339, 342, 348, 351, 357, 360, 368, 372, 380, 383, 389, 396, 399, 403, 405, 408, 412, 414, 425, 433, 437, 445, 451, 454, 458, 464, 467, 477, 479, 484, 490, 494, 500, 509, 512, 516, 523, 530, 536 ] }
4ec3e49c2f4648c78e2e1727f78bdc68
About how many bison were in Montana in 1870?
{ "tokens": [ "About", "how", "many", "bison", "were", "in", "Montana", "in", "1870", "?" ], "offsets": [ 0, 6, 10, 15, 21, 26, 29, 37, 40, 44 ] }
{ "text": [ "over 13 million" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 195 ], "end": [ 209 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 32 ], "end": [ 34 ] } ] }
[ "over 13 million" ]
SQuAD
Simultaneously with these conflicts, bison, a keystone species and the primary protein source that Native people had survived on for centuries were being destroyed. Some estimates say there were over 13 million bison in Montana in 1870. In 1875, General Philip Sheridan pleaded to a joint session of Congress to authorize the slaughtering of herds in order to deprive the Indians of their source of food. By 1884, commercial hunting had brought bison to the verge of extinction; only about 325 bison remained in the entire United States.
{ "tokens": [ "Simultaneously", "with", "these", "conflicts", ",", "bison", ",", "a", "keystone", "species", "and", "the", "primary", "protein", "source", "that", "Native", "people", "had", "survived", "on", "for", "centuries", "were", "being", "destroyed", ".", "Some", "estimates", "say", "there", "were", "over", "13", "million", "bison", "in", "Montana", "in", "1870", ".", "In", "1875", ",", "General", "Philip", "Sheridan", "pleaded", "to", "a", "joint", "session", "of", "Congress", "to", "authorize", "the", "slaughtering", "of", "herds", "in", "order", "to", "deprive", "the", "Indians", "of", "their", "source", "of", "food", ".", "By", "1884", ",", "commercial", "hunting", "had", "brought", "bison", "to", "the", "verge", "of", "extinction", ";", "only", "about", "325", "bison", "remained", "in", "the", "entire", "United", "States", "." ], "offsets": [ 0, 15, 20, 26, 35, 37, 42, 44, 46, 55, 63, 67, 71, 79, 87, 94, 99, 106, 113, 117, 126, 129, 133, 143, 148, 154, 163, 165, 170, 180, 184, 190, 195, 200, 203, 211, 217, 220, 228, 231, 235, 237, 240, 244, 246, 254, 261, 270, 278, 281, 283, 289, 297, 300, 309, 312, 322, 326, 339, 342, 348, 351, 357, 360, 368, 372, 380, 383, 389, 396, 399, 403, 405, 408, 412, 414, 425, 433, 437, 445, 451, 454, 458, 464, 467, 477, 479, 484, 490, 494, 500, 509, 512, 516, 523, 530, 536 ] }
9896efe5324943a6873f98a3fc0668c2
In 1884 about how many bison remained?
{ "tokens": [ "In", "1884", "about", "how", "many", "bison", "remained", "?" ], "offsets": [ 0, 3, 8, 14, 18, 23, 29, 37 ] }
{ "text": [ "about 325" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 484 ], "end": [ 492 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 87 ], "end": [ 88 ] } ] }
[ "about 325" ]
SQuAD
Simultaneously with these conflicts, bison, a keystone species and the primary protein source that Native people had survived on for centuries were being destroyed. Some estimates say there were over 13 million bison in Montana in 1870. In 1875, General Philip Sheridan pleaded to a joint session of Congress to authorize the slaughtering of herds in order to deprive the Indians of their source of food. By 1884, commercial hunting had brought bison to the verge of extinction; only about 325 bison remained in the entire United States.
{ "tokens": [ "Simultaneously", "with", "these", "conflicts", ",", "bison", ",", "a", "keystone", "species", "and", "the", "primary", "protein", "source", "that", "Native", "people", "had", "survived", "on", "for", "centuries", "were", "being", "destroyed", ".", "Some", "estimates", "say", "there", "were", "over", "13", "million", "bison", "in", "Montana", "in", "1870", ".", "In", "1875", ",", "General", "Philip", "Sheridan", "pleaded", "to", "a", "joint", "session", "of", "Congress", "to", "authorize", "the", "slaughtering", "of", "herds", "in", "order", "to", "deprive", "the", "Indians", "of", "their", "source", "of", "food", ".", "By", "1884", ",", "commercial", "hunting", "had", "brought", "bison", "to", "the", "verge", "of", "extinction", ";", "only", "about", "325", "bison", "remained", "in", "the", "entire", "United", "States", "." ], "offsets": [ 0, 15, 20, 26, 35, 37, 42, 44, 46, 55, 63, 67, 71, 79, 87, 94, 99, 106, 113, 117, 126, 129, 133, 143, 148, 154, 163, 165, 170, 180, 184, 190, 195, 200, 203, 211, 217, 220, 228, 231, 235, 237, 240, 244, 246, 254, 261, 270, 278, 281, 283, 289, 297, 300, 309, 312, 322, 326, 339, 342, 348, 351, 357, 360, 368, 372, 380, 383, 389, 396, 399, 403, 405, 408, 412, 414, 425, 433, 437, 445, 451, 454, 458, 464, 467, 477, 479, 484, 490, 494, 500, 509, 512, 516, 523, 530, 536 ] }
87274e65f9d64b6fb653b689b6a3cf84
Who pleaded to Congress for slaughtering bison?
{ "tokens": [ "Who", "pleaded", "to", "Congress", "for", "slaughtering", "bison", "?" ], "offsets": [ 0, 4, 12, 15, 24, 28, 41, 46 ] }
{ "text": [ "General Philip Sheridan" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 246 ], "end": [ 268 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 44 ], "end": [ 46 ] } ] }
[ "General Philip Sheridan" ]
SQuAD
Simultaneously with these conflicts, bison, a keystone species and the primary protein source that Native people had survived on for centuries were being destroyed. Some estimates say there were over 13 million bison in Montana in 1870. In 1875, General Philip Sheridan pleaded to a joint session of Congress to authorize the slaughtering of herds in order to deprive the Indians of their source of food. By 1884, commercial hunting had brought bison to the verge of extinction; only about 325 bison remained in the entire United States.
{ "tokens": [ "Simultaneously", "with", "these", "conflicts", ",", "bison", ",", "a", "keystone", "species", "and", "the", "primary", "protein", "source", "that", "Native", "people", "had", "survived", "on", "for", "centuries", "were", "being", "destroyed", ".", "Some", "estimates", "say", "there", "were", "over", "13", "million", "bison", "in", "Montana", "in", "1870", ".", "In", "1875", ",", "General", "Philip", "Sheridan", "pleaded", "to", "a", "joint", "session", "of", "Congress", "to", "authorize", "the", "slaughtering", "of", "herds", "in", "order", "to", "deprive", "the", "Indians", "of", "their", "source", "of", "food", ".", "By", "1884", ",", "commercial", "hunting", "had", "brought", "bison", "to", "the", "verge", "of", "extinction", ";", "only", "about", "325", "bison", "remained", "in", "the", "entire", "United", "States", "." ], "offsets": [ 0, 15, 20, 26, 35, 37, 42, 44, 46, 55, 63, 67, 71, 79, 87, 94, 99, 106, 113, 117, 126, 129, 133, 143, 148, 154, 163, 165, 170, 180, 184, 190, 195, 200, 203, 211, 217, 220, 228, 231, 235, 237, 240, 244, 246, 254, 261, 270, 278, 281, 283, 289, 297, 300, 309, 312, 322, 326, 339, 342, 348, 351, 357, 360, 368, 372, 380, 383, 389, 396, 399, 403, 405, 408, 412, 414, 425, 433, 437, 445, 451, 454, 458, 464, 467, 477, 479, 484, 490, 494, 500, 509, 512, 516, 523, 530, 536 ] }
4857ad2f1fc140c3b277bf10b8ea7f8a
What year did General Sheridan approach Congress about killing bison?
{ "tokens": [ "What", "year", "did", "General", "Sheridan", "approach", "Congress", "about", "killing", "bison", "?" ], "offsets": [ 0, 5, 10, 14, 22, 31, 40, 49, 55, 63, 68 ] }
{ "text": [ "1875" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 240 ], "end": [ 243 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 42 ], "end": [ 42 ] } ] }
[ "1875" ]
SQuAD
The first U.S. Army post established in Montana was Camp Cooke on the Missouri River in 1866 to protect steamboat traffic going to Fort Benton, Montana. More than a dozen additional military outposts were established in the state. Pressure over land ownership and control increased due to discoveries of gold in various parts of Montana and surrounding states. Major battles occurred in Montana during Red Cloud's War, the Great Sioux War of 1876, the Nez Perce War and in conflicts with Piegan Blackfeet. The most notable of these were the Marias Massacre (1870), Battle of the Little Bighorn (1876), Battle of the Big Hole (1877) and Battle of Bear Paw (1877). The last recorded conflict in Montana between the U.S. Army and Native Americans occurred in 1887 during the Battle of Crow Agency in the Big Horn country. Indian survivors who had signed treaties were generally required to move onto reservations.
{ "tokens": [ "The", "first", "U.S.", "Army", "post", "established", "in", "Montana", "was", "Camp", "Cooke", "on", "the", "Missouri", "River", "in", "1866", "to", "protect", "steamboat", "traffic", "going", "to", "Fort", "Benton", ",", "Montana", ".", "More", "than", "a", "dozen", "additional", "military", "outposts", "were", "established", "in", "the", "state", ".", "Pressure", "over", "land", "ownership", "and", "control", "increased", "due", "to", "discoveries", "of", "gold", "in", "various", "parts", "of", "Montana", "and", "surrounding", "states", ".", "Major", "battles", "occurred", "in", "Montana", "during", "Red", "Cloud", "'s", "War", ",", "the", "Great", "Sioux", "War", "of", "1876", ",", "the", "Nez", "Perce", "War", "and", "in", "conflicts", "with", "Piegan", "Blackfeet", ".", "The", "most", "notable", "of", "these", "were", "the", "Marias", "Massacre", "(", "1870", ")", ",", "Battle", "of", "the", "Little", "Bighorn", "(", "1876", ")", ",", "Battle", "of", "the", "Big", "Hole", "(", "1877", ")", "and", "Battle", "of", "Bear", "Paw", "(", "1877", ")", ".", "The", "last", "recorded", "conflict", "in", "Montana", "between", "the", "U.S.", "Army", "and", "Native", "Americans", "occurred", "in", "1887", "during", "the", "Battle", "of", "Crow", "Agency", "in", "the", "Big", "Horn", "country", ".", "Indian", "survivors", "who", "had", "signed", "treaties", "were", "generally", "required", "to", "move", "onto", "reservations", "." ], "offsets": [ 0, 4, 10, 15, 20, 25, 37, 40, 48, 52, 57, 63, 66, 70, 79, 85, 88, 93, 96, 104, 114, 122, 128, 131, 136, 142, 144, 151, 153, 158, 163, 165, 171, 182, 191, 200, 205, 217, 220, 224, 229, 231, 240, 245, 250, 260, 264, 272, 282, 286, 289, 301, 304, 309, 312, 320, 326, 329, 337, 341, 353, 359, 361, 367, 375, 384, 387, 395, 402, 406, 411, 414, 417, 419, 423, 429, 435, 439, 442, 446, 448, 452, 456, 462, 466, 470, 473, 483, 488, 495, 504, 506, 510, 515, 523, 526, 532, 537, 541, 548, 557, 558, 562, 563, 565, 572, 575, 579, 586, 594, 595, 599, 600, 602, 609, 612, 616, 620, 625, 626, 630, 632, 636, 643, 646, 651, 655, 656, 660, 661, 663, 667, 672, 681, 690, 693, 701, 709, 713, 718, 723, 727, 734, 744, 753, 756, 761, 768, 772, 779, 782, 787, 794, 797, 801, 805, 810, 817, 819, 826, 836, 840, 844, 851, 860, 865, 875, 884, 887, 892, 897, 909 ] }
1aa388f7514c4cab8b7f3a57adb8b520
What was the name of the first US Army post?
{ "tokens": [ "What", "was", "the", "name", "of", "the", "first", "US", "Army", "post", "?" ], "offsets": [ 0, 5, 9, 13, 18, 21, 25, 31, 34, 39, 43 ] }
{ "text": [ "Camp Cooke" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 52 ], "end": [ 61 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 9 ], "end": [ 10 ] } ] }
[ "Camp Cooke" ]
SQuAD
The first U.S. Army post established in Montana was Camp Cooke on the Missouri River in 1866 to protect steamboat traffic going to Fort Benton, Montana. More than a dozen additional military outposts were established in the state. Pressure over land ownership and control increased due to discoveries of gold in various parts of Montana and surrounding states. Major battles occurred in Montana during Red Cloud's War, the Great Sioux War of 1876, the Nez Perce War and in conflicts with Piegan Blackfeet. The most notable of these were the Marias Massacre (1870), Battle of the Little Bighorn (1876), Battle of the Big Hole (1877) and Battle of Bear Paw (1877). The last recorded conflict in Montana between the U.S. Army and Native Americans occurred in 1887 during the Battle of Crow Agency in the Big Horn country. Indian survivors who had signed treaties were generally required to move onto reservations.
{ "tokens": [ "The", "first", "U.S.", "Army", "post", "established", "in", "Montana", "was", "Camp", "Cooke", "on", "the", "Missouri", "River", "in", "1866", "to", "protect", "steamboat", "traffic", "going", "to", "Fort", "Benton", ",", "Montana", ".", "More", "than", "a", "dozen", "additional", "military", "outposts", "were", "established", "in", "the", "state", ".", "Pressure", "over", "land", "ownership", "and", "control", "increased", "due", "to", "discoveries", "of", "gold", "in", "various", "parts", "of", "Montana", "and", "surrounding", "states", ".", "Major", "battles", "occurred", "in", "Montana", "during", "Red", "Cloud", "'s", "War", ",", "the", "Great", "Sioux", "War", "of", "1876", ",", "the", "Nez", "Perce", "War", "and", "in", "conflicts", "with", "Piegan", "Blackfeet", ".", "The", "most", "notable", "of", "these", "were", "the", "Marias", "Massacre", "(", "1870", ")", ",", "Battle", "of", "the", "Little", "Bighorn", "(", "1876", ")", ",", "Battle", "of", "the", "Big", "Hole", "(", "1877", ")", "and", "Battle", "of", "Bear", "Paw", "(", "1877", ")", ".", "The", "last", "recorded", "conflict", "in", "Montana", "between", "the", "U.S.", "Army", "and", "Native", "Americans", "occurred", "in", "1887", "during", "the", "Battle", "of", "Crow", "Agency", "in", "the", "Big", "Horn", "country", ".", "Indian", "survivors", "who", "had", "signed", "treaties", "were", "generally", "required", "to", "move", "onto", "reservations", "." ], "offsets": [ 0, 4, 10, 15, 20, 25, 37, 40, 48, 52, 57, 63, 66, 70, 79, 85, 88, 93, 96, 104, 114, 122, 128, 131, 136, 142, 144, 151, 153, 158, 163, 165, 171, 182, 191, 200, 205, 217, 220, 224, 229, 231, 240, 245, 250, 260, 264, 272, 282, 286, 289, 301, 304, 309, 312, 320, 326, 329, 337, 341, 353, 359, 361, 367, 375, 384, 387, 395, 402, 406, 411, 414, 417, 419, 423, 429, 435, 439, 442, 446, 448, 452, 456, 462, 466, 470, 473, 483, 488, 495, 504, 506, 510, 515, 523, 526, 532, 537, 541, 548, 557, 558, 562, 563, 565, 572, 575, 579, 586, 594, 595, 599, 600, 602, 609, 612, 616, 620, 625, 626, 630, 632, 636, 643, 646, 651, 655, 656, 660, 661, 663, 667, 672, 681, 690, 693, 701, 709, 713, 718, 723, 727, 734, 744, 753, 756, 761, 768, 772, 779, 782, 787, 794, 797, 801, 805, 810, 817, 819, 826, 836, 840, 844, 851, 860, 865, 875, 884, 887, 892, 897, 909 ] }
62f491aa60074410af820e6d46adc76d
Where was Camp Cooke situated?
{ "tokens": [ "Where", "was", "Camp", "Cooke", "situated", "?" ], "offsets": [ 0, 6, 10, 15, 21, 29 ] }
{ "text": [ "on the Missouri River" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 63 ], "end": [ 83 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 11 ], "end": [ 14 ] } ] }
[ "on the Missouri River" ]
SQuAD
The first U.S. Army post established in Montana was Camp Cooke on the Missouri River in 1866 to protect steamboat traffic going to Fort Benton, Montana. More than a dozen additional military outposts were established in the state. Pressure over land ownership and control increased due to discoveries of gold in various parts of Montana and surrounding states. Major battles occurred in Montana during Red Cloud's War, the Great Sioux War of 1876, the Nez Perce War and in conflicts with Piegan Blackfeet. The most notable of these were the Marias Massacre (1870), Battle of the Little Bighorn (1876), Battle of the Big Hole (1877) and Battle of Bear Paw (1877). The last recorded conflict in Montana between the U.S. Army and Native Americans occurred in 1887 during the Battle of Crow Agency in the Big Horn country. Indian survivors who had signed treaties were generally required to move onto reservations.
{ "tokens": [ "The", "first", "U.S.", "Army", "post", "established", "in", "Montana", "was", "Camp", "Cooke", "on", "the", "Missouri", "River", "in", "1866", "to", "protect", "steamboat", "traffic", "going", "to", "Fort", "Benton", ",", "Montana", ".", "More", "than", "a", "dozen", "additional", "military", "outposts", "were", "established", "in", "the", "state", ".", "Pressure", "over", "land", "ownership", "and", "control", "increased", "due", "to", "discoveries", "of", "gold", "in", "various", "parts", "of", "Montana", "and", "surrounding", "states", ".", "Major", "battles", "occurred", "in", "Montana", "during", "Red", "Cloud", "'s", "War", ",", "the", "Great", "Sioux", "War", "of", "1876", ",", "the", "Nez", "Perce", "War", "and", "in", "conflicts", "with", "Piegan", "Blackfeet", ".", "The", "most", "notable", "of", "these", "were", "the", "Marias", "Massacre", "(", "1870", ")", ",", "Battle", "of", "the", "Little", "Bighorn", "(", "1876", ")", ",", "Battle", "of", "the", "Big", "Hole", "(", "1877", ")", "and", "Battle", "of", "Bear", "Paw", "(", "1877", ")", ".", "The", "last", "recorded", "conflict", "in", "Montana", "between", "the", "U.S.", "Army", "and", "Native", "Americans", "occurred", "in", "1887", "during", "the", "Battle", "of", "Crow", "Agency", "in", "the", "Big", "Horn", "country", ".", "Indian", "survivors", "who", "had", "signed", "treaties", "were", "generally", "required", "to", "move", "onto", "reservations", "." ], "offsets": [ 0, 4, 10, 15, 20, 25, 37, 40, 48, 52, 57, 63, 66, 70, 79, 85, 88, 93, 96, 104, 114, 122, 128, 131, 136, 142, 144, 151, 153, 158, 163, 165, 171, 182, 191, 200, 205, 217, 220, 224, 229, 231, 240, 245, 250, 260, 264, 272, 282, 286, 289, 301, 304, 309, 312, 320, 326, 329, 337, 341, 353, 359, 361, 367, 375, 384, 387, 395, 402, 406, 411, 414, 417, 419, 423, 429, 435, 439, 442, 446, 448, 452, 456, 462, 466, 470, 473, 483, 488, 495, 504, 506, 510, 515, 523, 526, 532, 537, 541, 548, 557, 558, 562, 563, 565, 572, 575, 579, 586, 594, 595, 599, 600, 602, 609, 612, 616, 620, 625, 626, 630, 632, 636, 643, 646, 651, 655, 656, 660, 661, 663, 667, 672, 681, 690, 693, 701, 709, 713, 718, 723, 727, 734, 744, 753, 756, 761, 768, 772, 779, 782, 787, 794, 797, 801, 805, 810, 817, 819, 826, 836, 840, 844, 851, 860, 865, 875, 884, 887, 892, 897, 909 ] }
b10ae702fc5d46dca647fa2574ab611a
What year was the Great Sioux War?
{ "tokens": [ "What", "year", "was", "the", "Great", "Sioux", "War", "?" ], "offsets": [ 0, 5, 10, 14, 18, 24, 30, 33 ] }
{ "text": [ "1876" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 442 ], "end": [ 445 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 78 ], "end": [ 78 ] } ] }
[ "1876" ]
SQuAD
The first U.S. Army post established in Montana was Camp Cooke on the Missouri River in 1866 to protect steamboat traffic going to Fort Benton, Montana. More than a dozen additional military outposts were established in the state. Pressure over land ownership and control increased due to discoveries of gold in various parts of Montana and surrounding states. Major battles occurred in Montana during Red Cloud's War, the Great Sioux War of 1876, the Nez Perce War and in conflicts with Piegan Blackfeet. The most notable of these were the Marias Massacre (1870), Battle of the Little Bighorn (1876), Battle of the Big Hole (1877) and Battle of Bear Paw (1877). The last recorded conflict in Montana between the U.S. Army and Native Americans occurred in 1887 during the Battle of Crow Agency in the Big Horn country. Indian survivors who had signed treaties were generally required to move onto reservations.
{ "tokens": [ "The", "first", "U.S.", "Army", "post", "established", "in", "Montana", "was", "Camp", "Cooke", "on", "the", "Missouri", "River", "in", "1866", "to", "protect", "steamboat", "traffic", "going", "to", "Fort", "Benton", ",", "Montana", ".", "More", "than", "a", "dozen", "additional", "military", "outposts", "were", "established", "in", "the", "state", ".", "Pressure", "over", "land", "ownership", "and", "control", "increased", "due", "to", "discoveries", "of", "gold", "in", "various", "parts", "of", "Montana", "and", "surrounding", "states", ".", "Major", "battles", "occurred", "in", "Montana", "during", "Red", "Cloud", "'s", "War", ",", "the", "Great", "Sioux", "War", "of", "1876", ",", "the", "Nez", "Perce", "War", "and", "in", "conflicts", "with", "Piegan", "Blackfeet", ".", "The", "most", "notable", "of", "these", "were", "the", "Marias", "Massacre", "(", "1870", ")", ",", "Battle", "of", "the", "Little", "Bighorn", "(", "1876", ")", ",", "Battle", "of", "the", "Big", "Hole", "(", "1877", ")", "and", "Battle", "of", "Bear", "Paw", "(", "1877", ")", ".", "The", "last", "recorded", "conflict", "in", "Montana", "between", "the", "U.S.", "Army", "and", "Native", "Americans", "occurred", "in", "1887", "during", "the", "Battle", "of", "Crow", "Agency", "in", "the", "Big", "Horn", "country", ".", "Indian", "survivors", "who", "had", "signed", "treaties", "were", "generally", "required", "to", "move", "onto", "reservations", "." ], "offsets": [ 0, 4, 10, 15, 20, 25, 37, 40, 48, 52, 57, 63, 66, 70, 79, 85, 88, 93, 96, 104, 114, 122, 128, 131, 136, 142, 144, 151, 153, 158, 163, 165, 171, 182, 191, 200, 205, 217, 220, 224, 229, 231, 240, 245, 250, 260, 264, 272, 282, 286, 289, 301, 304, 309, 312, 320, 326, 329, 337, 341, 353, 359, 361, 367, 375, 384, 387, 395, 402, 406, 411, 414, 417, 419, 423, 429, 435, 439, 442, 446, 448, 452, 456, 462, 466, 470, 473, 483, 488, 495, 504, 506, 510, 515, 523, 526, 532, 537, 541, 548, 557, 558, 562, 563, 565, 572, 575, 579, 586, 594, 595, 599, 600, 602, 609, 612, 616, 620, 625, 626, 630, 632, 636, 643, 646, 651, 655, 656, 660, 661, 663, 667, 672, 681, 690, 693, 701, 709, 713, 718, 723, 727, 734, 744, 753, 756, 761, 768, 772, 779, 782, 787, 794, 797, 801, 805, 810, 817, 819, 826, 836, 840, 844, 851, 860, 865, 875, 884, 887, 892, 897, 909 ] }
4cea9b545d9b41f694111377b781ee8b
What year did the Battle of Bear Paw happen?
{ "tokens": [ "What", "year", "did", "the", "Battle", "of", "Bear", "Paw", "happen", "?" ], "offsets": [ 0, 5, 10, 14, 18, 25, 28, 33, 37, 43 ] }
{ "text": [ "1877" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 656 ], "end": [ 659 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 127 ], "end": [ 127 ] } ] }
[ "1877" ]
SQuAD
The Montana Territory was formed on April 26, 1864, when the U.S. passed the Organic Act. Schools started forming in the area before it was officially a territory as families started settling into the area. The first schools were subscription schools that typically held in the teacher's home. The first formal school on record was at Fort Owen in Bitterroot valley in 1862. The students were Indian children and the children of Fort Owen employees. The first school term started in early winter and only lasted until February 28. Classes were taught by Mr. Robinson. Another early subscription school was started by Thomas Dimsdale in Virginia City in 1863. In this school students were charged $1.75 per week. The Montana Territorial Legislative Assembly had its inaugural meeting in 1864. The first legislature authorized counties to levy taxes for schools, which set the foundations for public schooling. Madison County was the first to take advantage of the newly authorized taxes and it formed fhe first public school in Virginia City in 1886. The first school year was scheduled to begin in January 1866, but severe weather postponed its opening until March. The first school year ran through the summer and didn't end until August 17. One of the first teachers at the school was Sarah Raymond. She was a 25-year-old woman who had traveled to Virginia City via wagon train in 1865. To become a certified teacher, Raymond took a test in her home and paid a $6 fee in gold dust to obtain a teaching certificate. With the help of an assistant teacher, Mrs. Farley, Raymond was responsible for teaching 50 to 60 students each day out of the 81 students enrolled at the school. Sarah Raymond was paid at a rate of $125 per month, and Mrs. Farley was paid $75 per month. There were no textbooks used in the school. In their place was an assortment of books brought in by various emigrants. Sarah quit teaching the following year, but would later become the Madison County superintendent of schools.
{ "tokens": [ "The", "Montana", "Territory", "was", "formed", "on", "April", "26", ",", "1864", ",", "when", "the", "U.S.", "passed", "the", "Organic", "Act", ".", "Schools", "started", "forming", "in", "the", "area", "before", "it", "was", "officially", "a", "territory", "as", "families", "started", "settling", "into", "the", "area", ".", "The", "first", "schools", "were", "subscription", "schools", "that", "typically", "held", "in", "the", "teacher", "'s", "home", ".", "The", "first", "formal", "school", "on", "record", "was", "at", "Fort", "Owen", "in", "Bitterroot", "valley", "in", "1862", ".", "The", "students", "were", "Indian", "children", "and", "the", "children", "of", "Fort", "Owen", "employees", ".", "The", "first", "school", "term", "started", "in", "early", "winter", "and", "only", "lasted", "until", "February", "28", ".", "Classes", "were", "taught", "by", "Mr.", "Robinson", ".", "Another", "early", "subscription", "school", "was", "started", "by", "Thomas", "Dimsdale", "in", "Virginia", "City", "in", "1863", ".", "In", "this", "school", "students", "were", "charged", "$", "1.75", "per", "week", ".", "The", "Montana", "Territorial", "Legislative", "Assembly", "had", "its", "inaugural", "meeting", "in", "1864", ".", "The", "first", "legislature", "authorized", "counties", "to", "levy", "taxes", "for", "schools", ",", "which", "set", "the", "foundations", "for", "public", "schooling", ".", "Madison", "County", "was", "the", "first", "to", "take", "advantage", "of", "the", "newly", "authorized", "taxes", "and", "it", "formed", "fhe", "first", "public", "school", "in", "Virginia", "City", "in", "1886", ".", "The", "first", "school", "year", "was", "scheduled", "to", "begin", "in", "January", "1866", ",", "but", "severe", "weather", "postponed", "its", "opening", "until", "March", ".", "The", "first", "school", "year", "ran", "through", "the", "summer", "and", "did", "n't", "end", "until", "August", "17", ".", "One", "of", "the", "first", "teachers", "at", "the", "school", "was", "Sarah", "Raymond", ".", "She", "was", "a", "25-year", "-", "old", "woman", "who", "had", "traveled", "to", "Virginia", "City", "via", "wagon", "train", "in", "1865", ".", "To", "become", "a", "certified", "teacher", ",", "Raymond", "took", "a", "test", "in", "her", "home", "and", "paid", "a", "$", "6", "fee", "in", "gold", "dust", "to", "obtain", "a", "teaching", "certificate", ".", "With", "the", "help", "of", "an", "assistant", "teacher", ",", "Mrs.", "Farley", ",", "Raymond", "was", "responsible", "for", "teaching", "50", "to", "60", "students", "each", "day", "out", "of", "the", "81", "students", "enrolled", "at", "the", "school", ".", "Sarah", "Raymond", "was", "paid", "at", "a", "rate", "of", "$", "125", "per", "month", ",", "and", "Mrs.", "Farley", "was", "paid", "$", "75", "per", "month", ".", "There", "were", "no", "textbooks", "used", "in", "the", "school", ".", "In", "their", "place", "was", "an", "assortment", "of", "books", "brought", "in", "by", "various", "emigrants", ".", "Sarah", "quit", "teaching", "the", "following", "year", ",", "but", "would", "later", "become", "the", "Madison", "County", "superintendent", "of", "schools", "." ], "offsets": [ 0, 4, 12, 22, 26, 33, 36, 42, 44, 46, 50, 52, 57, 61, 66, 73, 77, 85, 88, 90, 98, 106, 114, 117, 121, 126, 133, 136, 140, 151, 153, 163, 166, 175, 183, 192, 197, 201, 205, 207, 211, 217, 225, 230, 243, 251, 256, 266, 271, 274, 278, 285, 288, 292, 294, 298, 304, 311, 318, 321, 328, 332, 335, 340, 345, 348, 359, 366, 369, 373, 375, 379, 388, 393, 400, 409, 413, 417, 426, 429, 434, 439, 448, 450, 454, 460, 467, 472, 480, 483, 489, 496, 500, 505, 512, 518, 527, 529, 531, 539, 544, 551, 554, 558, 566, 568, 576, 582, 595, 602, 606, 614, 617, 624, 633, 636, 645, 650, 653, 657, 659, 662, 667, 674, 683, 688, 696, 697, 702, 706, 710, 712, 716, 724, 736, 748, 757, 761, 765, 775, 783, 786, 790, 792, 796, 802, 814, 825, 834, 837, 842, 848, 852, 859, 861, 867, 871, 875, 887, 891, 898, 907, 909, 917, 924, 928, 932, 938, 941, 946, 956, 959, 963, 969, 980, 986, 990, 993, 1000, 1004, 1010, 1017, 1024, 1027, 1036, 1041, 1044, 1048, 1050, 1054, 1060, 1067, 1072, 1076, 1086, 1089, 1095, 1098, 1106, 1110, 1112, 1116, 1123, 1131, 1141, 1145, 1153, 1159, 1164, 1166, 1170, 1176, 1183, 1188, 1192, 1200, 1204, 1211, 1215, 1218, 1222, 1226, 1232, 1239, 1241, 1243, 1247, 1250, 1254, 1260, 1269, 1272, 1276, 1283, 1287, 1293, 1300, 1302, 1306, 1310, 1312, 1319, 1320, 1324, 1330, 1334, 1338, 1347, 1350, 1359, 1364, 1368, 1374, 1380, 1383, 1387, 1389, 1392, 1399, 1401, 1411, 1418, 1420, 1428, 1433, 1435, 1440, 1443, 1447, 1452, 1456, 1461, 1463, 1464, 1466, 1470, 1473, 1478, 1483, 1486, 1493, 1495, 1504, 1515, 1517, 1522, 1526, 1531, 1534, 1537, 1547, 1554, 1556, 1561, 1567, 1569, 1577, 1581, 1593, 1597, 1606, 1609, 1612, 1615, 1624, 1629, 1633, 1637, 1640, 1644, 1647, 1656, 1665, 1668, 1672, 1678, 1680, 1686, 1694, 1698, 1703, 1706, 1708, 1713, 1716, 1717, 1721, 1725, 1730, 1732, 1736, 1741, 1748, 1752, 1757, 1758, 1761, 1765, 1770, 1772, 1778, 1783, 1786, 1796, 1801, 1804, 1808, 1814, 1816, 1819, 1825, 1831, 1835, 1838, 1849, 1852, 1858, 1866, 1869, 1872, 1880, 1889, 1891, 1897, 1902, 1911, 1915, 1925, 1929, 1931, 1935, 1941, 1947, 1954, 1958, 1966, 1973, 1988, 1991, 1998 ] }
a0322ffa4368489bae6db264cf1f3ceb
When was the Montana Territory formed?
{ "tokens": [ "When", "was", "the", "Montana", "Territory", "formed", "?" ], "offsets": [ 0, 5, 9, 13, 21, 31, 37 ] }
{ "text": [ "April 26, 1864" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 36 ], "end": [ 49 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 6 ], "end": [ 9 ] } ] }
[ "April 26, 1864" ]
SQuAD
The Montana Territory was formed on April 26, 1864, when the U.S. passed the Organic Act. Schools started forming in the area before it was officially a territory as families started settling into the area. The first schools were subscription schools that typically held in the teacher's home. The first formal school on record was at Fort Owen in Bitterroot valley in 1862. The students were Indian children and the children of Fort Owen employees. The first school term started in early winter and only lasted until February 28. Classes were taught by Mr. Robinson. Another early subscription school was started by Thomas Dimsdale in Virginia City in 1863. In this school students were charged $1.75 per week. The Montana Territorial Legislative Assembly had its inaugural meeting in 1864. The first legislature authorized counties to levy taxes for schools, which set the foundations for public schooling. Madison County was the first to take advantage of the newly authorized taxes and it formed fhe first public school in Virginia City in 1886. The first school year was scheduled to begin in January 1866, but severe weather postponed its opening until March. The first school year ran through the summer and didn't end until August 17. One of the first teachers at the school was Sarah Raymond. She was a 25-year-old woman who had traveled to Virginia City via wagon train in 1865. To become a certified teacher, Raymond took a test in her home and paid a $6 fee in gold dust to obtain a teaching certificate. With the help of an assistant teacher, Mrs. Farley, Raymond was responsible for teaching 50 to 60 students each day out of the 81 students enrolled at the school. Sarah Raymond was paid at a rate of $125 per month, and Mrs. Farley was paid $75 per month. There were no textbooks used in the school. In their place was an assortment of books brought in by various emigrants. Sarah quit teaching the following year, but would later become the Madison County superintendent of schools.
{ "tokens": [ "The", "Montana", "Territory", "was", "formed", "on", "April", "26", ",", "1864", ",", "when", "the", "U.S.", "passed", "the", "Organic", "Act", ".", "Schools", "started", "forming", "in", "the", "area", "before", "it", "was", "officially", "a", "territory", "as", "families", "started", "settling", "into", "the", "area", ".", "The", "first", "schools", "were", "subscription", "schools", "that", "typically", "held", "in", "the", "teacher", "'s", "home", ".", "The", "first", "formal", "school", "on", "record", "was", "at", "Fort", "Owen", "in", "Bitterroot", "valley", "in", "1862", ".", "The", "students", "were", "Indian", "children", "and", "the", "children", "of", "Fort", "Owen", "employees", ".", "The", "first", "school", "term", "started", "in", "early", "winter", "and", "only", "lasted", "until", "February", "28", ".", "Classes", "were", "taught", "by", "Mr.", "Robinson", ".", "Another", "early", "subscription", "school", "was", "started", "by", "Thomas", "Dimsdale", "in", "Virginia", "City", "in", "1863", ".", "In", "this", "school", "students", "were", "charged", "$", "1.75", "per", "week", ".", "The", "Montana", "Territorial", "Legislative", "Assembly", "had", "its", "inaugural", "meeting", "in", "1864", ".", "The", "first", "legislature", "authorized", "counties", "to", "levy", "taxes", "for", "schools", ",", "which", "set", "the", "foundations", "for", "public", "schooling", ".", "Madison", "County", "was", "the", "first", "to", "take", "advantage", "of", "the", "newly", "authorized", "taxes", "and", "it", "formed", "fhe", "first", "public", "school", "in", "Virginia", "City", "in", "1886", ".", "The", "first", "school", "year", "was", "scheduled", "to", "begin", "in", "January", "1866", ",", "but", "severe", "weather", "postponed", "its", "opening", "until", "March", ".", "The", "first", "school", "year", "ran", "through", "the", "summer", "and", "did", "n't", "end", "until", "August", "17", ".", "One", "of", "the", "first", "teachers", "at", "the", "school", "was", "Sarah", "Raymond", ".", "She", "was", "a", "25-year", "-", "old", "woman", "who", "had", "traveled", "to", "Virginia", "City", "via", "wagon", "train", "in", "1865", ".", "To", "become", "a", "certified", "teacher", ",", "Raymond", "took", "a", "test", "in", "her", "home", "and", "paid", "a", "$", "6", "fee", "in", "gold", "dust", "to", "obtain", "a", "teaching", "certificate", ".", "With", "the", "help", "of", "an", "assistant", "teacher", ",", "Mrs.", "Farley", ",", "Raymond", "was", "responsible", "for", "teaching", "50", "to", "60", "students", "each", "day", "out", "of", "the", "81", "students", "enrolled", "at", "the", "school", ".", "Sarah", "Raymond", "was", "paid", "at", "a", "rate", "of", "$", "125", "per", "month", ",", "and", "Mrs.", "Farley", "was", "paid", "$", "75", "per", "month", ".", "There", "were", "no", "textbooks", "used", "in", "the", "school", ".", "In", "their", "place", "was", "an", "assortment", "of", "books", "brought", "in", "by", "various", "emigrants", ".", "Sarah", "quit", "teaching", "the", "following", "year", ",", "but", "would", "later", "become", "the", "Madison", "County", "superintendent", "of", "schools", "." ], "offsets": [ 0, 4, 12, 22, 26, 33, 36, 42, 44, 46, 50, 52, 57, 61, 66, 73, 77, 85, 88, 90, 98, 106, 114, 117, 121, 126, 133, 136, 140, 151, 153, 163, 166, 175, 183, 192, 197, 201, 205, 207, 211, 217, 225, 230, 243, 251, 256, 266, 271, 274, 278, 285, 288, 292, 294, 298, 304, 311, 318, 321, 328, 332, 335, 340, 345, 348, 359, 366, 369, 373, 375, 379, 388, 393, 400, 409, 413, 417, 426, 429, 434, 439, 448, 450, 454, 460, 467, 472, 480, 483, 489, 496, 500, 505, 512, 518, 527, 529, 531, 539, 544, 551, 554, 558, 566, 568, 576, 582, 595, 602, 606, 614, 617, 624, 633, 636, 645, 650, 653, 657, 659, 662, 667, 674, 683, 688, 696, 697, 702, 706, 710, 712, 716, 724, 736, 748, 757, 761, 765, 775, 783, 786, 790, 792, 796, 802, 814, 825, 834, 837, 842, 848, 852, 859, 861, 867, 871, 875, 887, 891, 898, 907, 909, 917, 924, 928, 932, 938, 941, 946, 956, 959, 963, 969, 980, 986, 990, 993, 1000, 1004, 1010, 1017, 1024, 1027, 1036, 1041, 1044, 1048, 1050, 1054, 1060, 1067, 1072, 1076, 1086, 1089, 1095, 1098, 1106, 1110, 1112, 1116, 1123, 1131, 1141, 1145, 1153, 1159, 1164, 1166, 1170, 1176, 1183, 1188, 1192, 1200, 1204, 1211, 1215, 1218, 1222, 1226, 1232, 1239, 1241, 1243, 1247, 1250, 1254, 1260, 1269, 1272, 1276, 1283, 1287, 1293, 1300, 1302, 1306, 1310, 1312, 1319, 1320, 1324, 1330, 1334, 1338, 1347, 1350, 1359, 1364, 1368, 1374, 1380, 1383, 1387, 1389, 1392, 1399, 1401, 1411, 1418, 1420, 1428, 1433, 1435, 1440, 1443, 1447, 1452, 1456, 1461, 1463, 1464, 1466, 1470, 1473, 1478, 1483, 1486, 1493, 1495, 1504, 1515, 1517, 1522, 1526, 1531, 1534, 1537, 1547, 1554, 1556, 1561, 1567, 1569, 1577, 1581, 1593, 1597, 1606, 1609, 1612, 1615, 1624, 1629, 1633, 1637, 1640, 1644, 1647, 1656, 1665, 1668, 1672, 1678, 1680, 1686, 1694, 1698, 1703, 1706, 1708, 1713, 1716, 1717, 1721, 1725, 1730, 1732, 1736, 1741, 1748, 1752, 1757, 1758, 1761, 1765, 1770, 1772, 1778, 1783, 1786, 1796, 1801, 1804, 1808, 1814, 1816, 1819, 1825, 1831, 1835, 1838, 1849, 1852, 1858, 1866, 1869, 1872, 1880, 1889, 1891, 1897, 1902, 1911, 1915, 1925, 1929, 1931, 1935, 1941, 1947, 1954, 1958, 1966, 1973, 1988, 1991, 1998 ] }
114742496555444ebe0cd7e026236a24
When was the first formal school on record?
{ "tokens": [ "When", "was", "the", "first", "formal", "school", "on", "record", "?" ], "offsets": [ 0, 5, 9, 13, 19, 26, 33, 36, 42 ] }
{ "text": [ "1862" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 369 ], "end": [ 372 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 68 ], "end": [ 68 ] } ] }
[ "1862" ]
SQuAD
The Montana Territory was formed on April 26, 1864, when the U.S. passed the Organic Act. Schools started forming in the area before it was officially a territory as families started settling into the area. The first schools were subscription schools that typically held in the teacher's home. The first formal school on record was at Fort Owen in Bitterroot valley in 1862. The students were Indian children and the children of Fort Owen employees. The first school term started in early winter and only lasted until February 28. Classes were taught by Mr. Robinson. Another early subscription school was started by Thomas Dimsdale in Virginia City in 1863. In this school students were charged $1.75 per week. The Montana Territorial Legislative Assembly had its inaugural meeting in 1864. The first legislature authorized counties to levy taxes for schools, which set the foundations for public schooling. Madison County was the first to take advantage of the newly authorized taxes and it formed fhe first public school in Virginia City in 1886. The first school year was scheduled to begin in January 1866, but severe weather postponed its opening until March. The first school year ran through the summer and didn't end until August 17. One of the first teachers at the school was Sarah Raymond. She was a 25-year-old woman who had traveled to Virginia City via wagon train in 1865. To become a certified teacher, Raymond took a test in her home and paid a $6 fee in gold dust to obtain a teaching certificate. With the help of an assistant teacher, Mrs. Farley, Raymond was responsible for teaching 50 to 60 students each day out of the 81 students enrolled at the school. Sarah Raymond was paid at a rate of $125 per month, and Mrs. Farley was paid $75 per month. There were no textbooks used in the school. In their place was an assortment of books brought in by various emigrants. Sarah quit teaching the following year, but would later become the Madison County superintendent of schools.
{ "tokens": [ "The", "Montana", "Territory", "was", "formed", "on", "April", "26", ",", "1864", ",", "when", "the", "U.S.", "passed", "the", "Organic", "Act", ".", "Schools", "started", "forming", "in", "the", "area", "before", "it", "was", "officially", "a", "territory", "as", "families", "started", "settling", "into", "the", "area", ".", "The", "first", "schools", "were", "subscription", "schools", "that", "typically", "held", "in", "the", "teacher", "'s", "home", ".", "The", "first", "formal", "school", "on", "record", "was", "at", "Fort", "Owen", "in", "Bitterroot", "valley", "in", "1862", ".", "The", "students", "were", "Indian", "children", "and", "the", "children", "of", "Fort", "Owen", "employees", ".", "The", "first", "school", "term", "started", "in", "early", "winter", "and", "only", "lasted", "until", "February", "28", ".", "Classes", "were", "taught", "by", "Mr.", "Robinson", ".", "Another", "early", "subscription", "school", "was", "started", "by", "Thomas", "Dimsdale", "in", "Virginia", "City", "in", "1863", ".", "In", "this", "school", "students", "were", "charged", "$", "1.75", "per", "week", ".", "The", "Montana", "Territorial", "Legislative", "Assembly", "had", "its", "inaugural", "meeting", "in", "1864", ".", "The", "first", "legislature", "authorized", "counties", "to", "levy", "taxes", "for", "schools", ",", "which", "set", "the", "foundations", "for", "public", "schooling", ".", "Madison", "County", "was", "the", "first", "to", "take", "advantage", "of", "the", "newly", "authorized", "taxes", "and", "it", "formed", "fhe", "first", "public", "school", "in", "Virginia", "City", "in", "1886", ".", "The", "first", "school", "year", "was", "scheduled", "to", "begin", "in", "January", "1866", ",", "but", "severe", "weather", "postponed", "its", "opening", "until", "March", ".", "The", "first", "school", "year", "ran", "through", "the", "summer", "and", "did", "n't", "end", "until", "August", "17", ".", "One", "of", "the", "first", "teachers", "at", "the", "school", "was", "Sarah", "Raymond", ".", "She", "was", "a", "25-year", "-", "old", "woman", "who", "had", "traveled", "to", "Virginia", "City", "via", "wagon", "train", "in", "1865", ".", "To", "become", "a", "certified", "teacher", ",", "Raymond", "took", "a", "test", "in", "her", "home", "and", "paid", "a", "$", "6", "fee", "in", "gold", "dust", "to", "obtain", "a", "teaching", "certificate", ".", "With", "the", "help", "of", "an", "assistant", "teacher", ",", "Mrs.", "Farley", ",", "Raymond", "was", "responsible", "for", "teaching", "50", "to", "60", "students", "each", "day", "out", "of", "the", "81", "students", "enrolled", "at", "the", "school", ".", "Sarah", "Raymond", "was", "paid", "at", "a", "rate", "of", "$", "125", "per", "month", ",", "and", "Mrs.", "Farley", "was", "paid", "$", "75", "per", "month", ".", "There", "were", "no", "textbooks", "used", "in", "the", "school", ".", "In", "their", "place", "was", "an", "assortment", "of", "books", "brought", "in", "by", "various", "emigrants", ".", "Sarah", "quit", "teaching", "the", "following", "year", ",", "but", "would", "later", "become", "the", "Madison", "County", "superintendent", "of", "schools", "." ], "offsets": [ 0, 4, 12, 22, 26, 33, 36, 42, 44, 46, 50, 52, 57, 61, 66, 73, 77, 85, 88, 90, 98, 106, 114, 117, 121, 126, 133, 136, 140, 151, 153, 163, 166, 175, 183, 192, 197, 201, 205, 207, 211, 217, 225, 230, 243, 251, 256, 266, 271, 274, 278, 285, 288, 292, 294, 298, 304, 311, 318, 321, 328, 332, 335, 340, 345, 348, 359, 366, 369, 373, 375, 379, 388, 393, 400, 409, 413, 417, 426, 429, 434, 439, 448, 450, 454, 460, 467, 472, 480, 483, 489, 496, 500, 505, 512, 518, 527, 529, 531, 539, 544, 551, 554, 558, 566, 568, 576, 582, 595, 602, 606, 614, 617, 624, 633, 636, 645, 650, 653, 657, 659, 662, 667, 674, 683, 688, 696, 697, 702, 706, 710, 712, 716, 724, 736, 748, 757, 761, 765, 775, 783, 786, 790, 792, 796, 802, 814, 825, 834, 837, 842, 848, 852, 859, 861, 867, 871, 875, 887, 891, 898, 907, 909, 917, 924, 928, 932, 938, 941, 946, 956, 959, 963, 969, 980, 986, 990, 993, 1000, 1004, 1010, 1017, 1024, 1027, 1036, 1041, 1044, 1048, 1050, 1054, 1060, 1067, 1072, 1076, 1086, 1089, 1095, 1098, 1106, 1110, 1112, 1116, 1123, 1131, 1141, 1145, 1153, 1159, 1164, 1166, 1170, 1176, 1183, 1188, 1192, 1200, 1204, 1211, 1215, 1218, 1222, 1226, 1232, 1239, 1241, 1243, 1247, 1250, 1254, 1260, 1269, 1272, 1276, 1283, 1287, 1293, 1300, 1302, 1306, 1310, 1312, 1319, 1320, 1324, 1330, 1334, 1338, 1347, 1350, 1359, 1364, 1368, 1374, 1380, 1383, 1387, 1389, 1392, 1399, 1401, 1411, 1418, 1420, 1428, 1433, 1435, 1440, 1443, 1447, 1452, 1456, 1461, 1463, 1464, 1466, 1470, 1473, 1478, 1483, 1486, 1493, 1495, 1504, 1515, 1517, 1522, 1526, 1531, 1534, 1537, 1547, 1554, 1556, 1561, 1567, 1569, 1577, 1581, 1593, 1597, 1606, 1609, 1612, 1615, 1624, 1629, 1633, 1637, 1640, 1644, 1647, 1656, 1665, 1668, 1672, 1678, 1680, 1686, 1694, 1698, 1703, 1706, 1708, 1713, 1716, 1717, 1721, 1725, 1730, 1732, 1736, 1741, 1748, 1752, 1757, 1758, 1761, 1765, 1770, 1772, 1778, 1783, 1786, 1796, 1801, 1804, 1808, 1814, 1816, 1819, 1825, 1831, 1835, 1838, 1849, 1852, 1858, 1866, 1869, 1872, 1880, 1889, 1891, 1897, 1902, 1911, 1915, 1925, 1929, 1931, 1935, 1941, 1947, 1954, 1958, 1966, 1973, 1988, 1991, 1998 ] }
d037758878e048cabd4829ee572763d0
How much were students charged per week?
{ "tokens": [ "How", "much", "were", "students", "charged", "per", "week", "?" ], "offsets": [ 0, 4, 9, 14, 23, 31, 35, 39 ] }
{ "text": [ "$1.75" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 696 ], "end": [ 700 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 126 ], "end": [ 127 ] } ] }
[ "$1.75" ]
SQuAD
The Montana Territory was formed on April 26, 1864, when the U.S. passed the Organic Act. Schools started forming in the area before it was officially a territory as families started settling into the area. The first schools were subscription schools that typically held in the teacher's home. The first formal school on record was at Fort Owen in Bitterroot valley in 1862. The students were Indian children and the children of Fort Owen employees. The first school term started in early winter and only lasted until February 28. Classes were taught by Mr. Robinson. Another early subscription school was started by Thomas Dimsdale in Virginia City in 1863. In this school students were charged $1.75 per week. The Montana Territorial Legislative Assembly had its inaugural meeting in 1864. The first legislature authorized counties to levy taxes for schools, which set the foundations for public schooling. Madison County was the first to take advantage of the newly authorized taxes and it formed fhe first public school in Virginia City in 1886. The first school year was scheduled to begin in January 1866, but severe weather postponed its opening until March. The first school year ran through the summer and didn't end until August 17. One of the first teachers at the school was Sarah Raymond. She was a 25-year-old woman who had traveled to Virginia City via wagon train in 1865. To become a certified teacher, Raymond took a test in her home and paid a $6 fee in gold dust to obtain a teaching certificate. With the help of an assistant teacher, Mrs. Farley, Raymond was responsible for teaching 50 to 60 students each day out of the 81 students enrolled at the school. Sarah Raymond was paid at a rate of $125 per month, and Mrs. Farley was paid $75 per month. There were no textbooks used in the school. In their place was an assortment of books brought in by various emigrants. Sarah quit teaching the following year, but would later become the Madison County superintendent of schools.
{ "tokens": [ "The", "Montana", "Territory", "was", "formed", "on", "April", "26", ",", "1864", ",", "when", "the", "U.S.", "passed", "the", "Organic", "Act", ".", "Schools", "started", "forming", "in", "the", "area", "before", "it", "was", "officially", "a", "territory", "as", "families", "started", "settling", "into", "the", "area", ".", "The", "first", "schools", "were", "subscription", "schools", "that", "typically", "held", "in", "the", "teacher", "'s", "home", ".", "The", "first", "formal", "school", "on", "record", "was", "at", "Fort", "Owen", "in", "Bitterroot", "valley", "in", "1862", ".", "The", "students", "were", "Indian", "children", "and", "the", "children", "of", "Fort", "Owen", "employees", ".", "The", "first", "school", "term", "started", "in", "early", "winter", "and", "only", "lasted", "until", "February", "28", ".", "Classes", "were", "taught", "by", "Mr.", "Robinson", ".", "Another", "early", "subscription", "school", "was", "started", "by", "Thomas", "Dimsdale", "in", "Virginia", "City", "in", "1863", ".", "In", "this", "school", "students", "were", "charged", "$", "1.75", "per", "week", ".", "The", "Montana", "Territorial", "Legislative", "Assembly", "had", "its", "inaugural", "meeting", "in", "1864", ".", "The", "first", "legislature", "authorized", "counties", "to", "levy", "taxes", "for", "schools", ",", "which", "set", "the", "foundations", "for", "public", "schooling", ".", "Madison", "County", "was", "the", "first", "to", "take", "advantage", "of", "the", "newly", "authorized", "taxes", "and", "it", "formed", "fhe", "first", "public", "school", "in", "Virginia", "City", "in", "1886", ".", "The", "first", "school", "year", "was", "scheduled", "to", "begin", "in", "January", "1866", ",", "but", "severe", "weather", "postponed", "its", "opening", "until", "March", ".", "The", "first", "school", "year", "ran", "through", "the", "summer", "and", "did", "n't", "end", "until", "August", "17", ".", "One", "of", "the", "first", "teachers", "at", "the", "school", "was", "Sarah", "Raymond", ".", "She", "was", "a", "25-year", "-", "old", "woman", "who", "had", "traveled", "to", "Virginia", "City", "via", "wagon", "train", "in", "1865", ".", "To", "become", "a", "certified", "teacher", ",", "Raymond", "took", "a", "test", "in", "her", "home", "and", "paid", "a", "$", "6", "fee", "in", "gold", "dust", "to", "obtain", "a", "teaching", "certificate", ".", "With", "the", "help", "of", "an", "assistant", "teacher", ",", "Mrs.", "Farley", ",", "Raymond", "was", "responsible", "for", "teaching", "50", "to", "60", "students", "each", "day", "out", "of", "the", "81", "students", "enrolled", "at", "the", "school", ".", "Sarah", "Raymond", "was", "paid", "at", "a", "rate", "of", "$", "125", "per", "month", ",", "and", "Mrs.", "Farley", "was", "paid", "$", "75", "per", "month", ".", "There", "were", "no", "textbooks", "used", "in", "the", "school", ".", "In", "their", "place", "was", "an", "assortment", "of", "books", "brought", "in", "by", "various", "emigrants", ".", "Sarah", "quit", "teaching", "the", "following", "year", ",", "but", "would", "later", "become", "the", "Madison", "County", "superintendent", "of", "schools", "." ], "offsets": [ 0, 4, 12, 22, 26, 33, 36, 42, 44, 46, 50, 52, 57, 61, 66, 73, 77, 85, 88, 90, 98, 106, 114, 117, 121, 126, 133, 136, 140, 151, 153, 163, 166, 175, 183, 192, 197, 201, 205, 207, 211, 217, 225, 230, 243, 251, 256, 266, 271, 274, 278, 285, 288, 292, 294, 298, 304, 311, 318, 321, 328, 332, 335, 340, 345, 348, 359, 366, 369, 373, 375, 379, 388, 393, 400, 409, 413, 417, 426, 429, 434, 439, 448, 450, 454, 460, 467, 472, 480, 483, 489, 496, 500, 505, 512, 518, 527, 529, 531, 539, 544, 551, 554, 558, 566, 568, 576, 582, 595, 602, 606, 614, 617, 624, 633, 636, 645, 650, 653, 657, 659, 662, 667, 674, 683, 688, 696, 697, 702, 706, 710, 712, 716, 724, 736, 748, 757, 761, 765, 775, 783, 786, 790, 792, 796, 802, 814, 825, 834, 837, 842, 848, 852, 859, 861, 867, 871, 875, 887, 891, 898, 907, 909, 917, 924, 928, 932, 938, 941, 946, 956, 959, 963, 969, 980, 986, 990, 993, 1000, 1004, 1010, 1017, 1024, 1027, 1036, 1041, 1044, 1048, 1050, 1054, 1060, 1067, 1072, 1076, 1086, 1089, 1095, 1098, 1106, 1110, 1112, 1116, 1123, 1131, 1141, 1145, 1153, 1159, 1164, 1166, 1170, 1176, 1183, 1188, 1192, 1200, 1204, 1211, 1215, 1218, 1222, 1226, 1232, 1239, 1241, 1243, 1247, 1250, 1254, 1260, 1269, 1272, 1276, 1283, 1287, 1293, 1300, 1302, 1306, 1310, 1312, 1319, 1320, 1324, 1330, 1334, 1338, 1347, 1350, 1359, 1364, 1368, 1374, 1380, 1383, 1387, 1389, 1392, 1399, 1401, 1411, 1418, 1420, 1428, 1433, 1435, 1440, 1443, 1447, 1452, 1456, 1461, 1463, 1464, 1466, 1470, 1473, 1478, 1483, 1486, 1493, 1495, 1504, 1515, 1517, 1522, 1526, 1531, 1534, 1537, 1547, 1554, 1556, 1561, 1567, 1569, 1577, 1581, 1593, 1597, 1606, 1609, 1612, 1615, 1624, 1629, 1633, 1637, 1640, 1644, 1647, 1656, 1665, 1668, 1672, 1678, 1680, 1686, 1694, 1698, 1703, 1706, 1708, 1713, 1716, 1717, 1721, 1725, 1730, 1732, 1736, 1741, 1748, 1752, 1757, 1758, 1761, 1765, 1770, 1772, 1778, 1783, 1786, 1796, 1801, 1804, 1808, 1814, 1816, 1819, 1825, 1831, 1835, 1838, 1849, 1852, 1858, 1866, 1869, 1872, 1880, 1889, 1891, 1897, 1902, 1911, 1915, 1925, 1929, 1931, 1935, 1941, 1947, 1954, 1958, 1966, 1973, 1988, 1991, 1998 ] }
7cc4f71146cf4f138fe16e819736d0bc
When did the first public school in Virginia City formed?
{ "tokens": [ "When", "did", "the", "first", "public", "school", "in", "Virginia", "City", "formed", "?" ], "offsets": [ 0, 5, 9, 13, 19, 26, 33, 36, 45, 50, 56 ] }
{ "text": [ "1886" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 1044 ], "end": [ 1047 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 186 ], "end": [ 186 ] } ] }
[ "1886" ]
SQuAD
Montana has a larger Native American population numerically and percentage-wise than most U.S. states. Although the state ranked 45th in population (according to the 2010 U.S. Census), it ranked 19th in total native people population. Native people constituted 6.5 percent of the state's total population, the sixth highest percentage of all 50 states. Montana has three counties in which Native Americans are a majority: Big Horn, Glacier, and Roosevelt. Other counties with large Native American populations include Blaine, Cascade, Hill, Missoula, and Yellowstone counties. The state's Native American population grew by 27.9 percent between 1980 and 1990 (at a time when Montana's entire population rose just 1.6 percent), and by 18.5 percent between 2000 and 2010. As of 2009, almost two-thirds of Native Americans in the state live in urban areas. Of Montana's 20 largest cities, Polson (15.7 percent), Havre (13.0 percent), Great Falls (5.0 percent), Billings (4.4 percent), and Anaconda (3.1 percent) had the greatest percentage of Native American residents in 2010. Billings (4,619), Great Falls (2,942), Missoula (1,838), Havre (1,210), and Polson (706) have the most Native Americans living there. The state's seven reservations include more than twelve distinct Native American ethnolinguistic groups.
{ "tokens": [ "Montana", "has", "a", "larger", "Native", "American", "population", "numerically", "and", "percentage", "-", "wise", "than", "most", "U.S.", "states", ".", "Although", "the", "state", "ranked", "45th", "in", "population", "(", "according", "to", "the", "2010", "U.S.", "Census", ")", ",", "it", "ranked", "19th", "in", "total", "native", "people", "population", ".", "Native", "people", "constituted", "6.5", "percent", "of", "the", "state", "'s", "total", "population", ",", "the", "sixth", "highest", "percentage", "of", "all", "50", "states", ".", "Montana", "has", "three", "counties", "in", "which", "Native", "Americans", "are", "a", "majority", ":", "Big", "Horn", ",", "Glacier", ",", "and", "Roosevelt", ".", "Other", "counties", "with", "large", "Native", "American", "populations", "include", "Blaine", ",", "Cascade", ",", "Hill", ",", "Missoula", ",", "and", "Yellowstone", "counties", ".", "The", "state", "'s", "Native", "American", "population", "grew", "by", "27.9", "percent", "between", "1980", "and", "1990", "(", "at", "a", "time", "when", "Montana", "'s", "entire", "population", "rose", "just", "1.6", "percent", ")", ",", "and", "by", "18.5", "percent", "between", "2000", "and", "2010", ".", "As", "of", "2009", ",", "almost", "two", "-", "thirds", "of", "Native", "Americans", "in", "the", "state", "live", "in", "urban", "areas", ".", "Of", "Montana", "'s", "20", "largest", "cities", ",", "Polson", "(", "15.7", "percent", ")", ",", "Havre", "(", "13.0", "percent", ")", ",", "Great", "Falls", "(", "5.0", "percent", ")", ",", "Billings", "(", "4.4", "percent", ")", ",", "and", "Anaconda", "(", "3.1", "percent", ")", "had", "the", "greatest", "percentage", "of", "Native", "American", "residents", "in", "2010", ".", "Billings", "(", "4,619", ")", ",", "Great", "Falls", "(", "2,942", ")", ",", "Missoula", "(", "1,838", ")", ",", "Havre", "(", "1,210", ")", ",", "and", "Polson", "(", "706", ")", "have", "the", "most", "Native", "Americans", "living", "there", ".", "The", "state", "'s", "seven", "reservations", "include", "more", "than", "twelve", "distinct", "Native", "American", "ethnolinguistic", "groups", "." ], "offsets": [ 0, 8, 12, 14, 21, 28, 37, 48, 60, 64, 74, 75, 80, 85, 90, 95, 101, 103, 112, 116, 122, 129, 134, 137, 148, 149, 159, 162, 166, 171, 176, 182, 183, 185, 188, 195, 200, 203, 209, 216, 223, 233, 235, 242, 249, 261, 265, 273, 276, 280, 285, 288, 294, 304, 306, 310, 316, 324, 335, 338, 342, 345, 351, 353, 361, 365, 371, 380, 383, 389, 396, 406, 410, 412, 420, 422, 426, 430, 432, 439, 441, 445, 454, 456, 462, 471, 476, 482, 489, 498, 510, 518, 524, 526, 533, 535, 539, 541, 549, 551, 555, 567, 575, 577, 581, 586, 589, 596, 605, 616, 621, 624, 629, 637, 645, 650, 654, 659, 660, 663, 665, 670, 675, 682, 685, 692, 703, 708, 713, 717, 724, 725, 727, 731, 734, 739, 747, 755, 760, 764, 768, 770, 773, 776, 780, 782, 789, 792, 793, 800, 803, 810, 820, 823, 827, 833, 838, 841, 847, 852, 854, 857, 864, 867, 870, 878, 884, 886, 893, 894, 899, 906, 907, 909, 915, 916, 921, 928, 929, 931, 937, 943, 944, 948, 955, 956, 958, 967, 968, 972, 979, 980, 982, 986, 995, 996, 1000, 1007, 1009, 1013, 1017, 1026, 1037, 1040, 1047, 1056, 1066, 1069, 1073, 1075, 1084, 1085, 1090, 1091, 1093, 1099, 1105, 1106, 1111, 1112, 1114, 1123, 1124, 1129, 1130, 1132, 1138, 1139, 1144, 1145, 1147, 1151, 1158, 1159, 1162, 1164, 1169, 1173, 1178, 1185, 1195, 1202, 1207, 1209, 1213, 1218, 1221, 1227, 1240, 1248, 1253, 1258, 1265, 1274, 1281, 1290, 1306, 1312 ] }
5643b71f99d34a40a00c0c1d977b1db9
What percentage of the population in Montana are Native peoples?
{ "tokens": [ "What", "percentage", "of", "the", "population", "in", "Montana", "are", "Native", "peoples", "?" ], "offsets": [ 0, 5, 16, 19, 23, 34, 37, 45, 49, 56, 63 ] }
{ "text": [ "6.5 percent" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 261 ], "end": [ 271 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 45 ], "end": [ 46 ] } ] }
[ "6.5 percent" ]
SQuAD
Montana has a larger Native American population numerically and percentage-wise than most U.S. states. Although the state ranked 45th in population (according to the 2010 U.S. Census), it ranked 19th in total native people population. Native people constituted 6.5 percent of the state's total population, the sixth highest percentage of all 50 states. Montana has three counties in which Native Americans are a majority: Big Horn, Glacier, and Roosevelt. Other counties with large Native American populations include Blaine, Cascade, Hill, Missoula, and Yellowstone counties. The state's Native American population grew by 27.9 percent between 1980 and 1990 (at a time when Montana's entire population rose just 1.6 percent), and by 18.5 percent between 2000 and 2010. As of 2009, almost two-thirds of Native Americans in the state live in urban areas. Of Montana's 20 largest cities, Polson (15.7 percent), Havre (13.0 percent), Great Falls (5.0 percent), Billings (4.4 percent), and Anaconda (3.1 percent) had the greatest percentage of Native American residents in 2010. Billings (4,619), Great Falls (2,942), Missoula (1,838), Havre (1,210), and Polson (706) have the most Native Americans living there. The state's seven reservations include more than twelve distinct Native American ethnolinguistic groups.
{ "tokens": [ "Montana", "has", "a", "larger", "Native", "American", "population", "numerically", "and", "percentage", "-", "wise", "than", "most", "U.S.", "states", ".", "Although", "the", "state", "ranked", "45th", "in", "population", "(", "according", "to", "the", "2010", "U.S.", "Census", ")", ",", "it", "ranked", "19th", "in", "total", "native", "people", "population", ".", "Native", "people", "constituted", "6.5", "percent", "of", "the", "state", "'s", "total", "population", ",", "the", "sixth", "highest", "percentage", "of", "all", "50", "states", ".", "Montana", "has", "three", "counties", "in", "which", "Native", "Americans", "are", "a", "majority", ":", "Big", "Horn", ",", "Glacier", ",", "and", "Roosevelt", ".", "Other", "counties", "with", "large", "Native", "American", "populations", "include", "Blaine", ",", "Cascade", ",", "Hill", ",", "Missoula", ",", "and", "Yellowstone", "counties", ".", "The", "state", "'s", "Native", "American", "population", "grew", "by", "27.9", "percent", "between", "1980", "and", "1990", "(", "at", "a", "time", "when", "Montana", "'s", "entire", "population", "rose", "just", "1.6", "percent", ")", ",", "and", "by", "18.5", "percent", "between", "2000", "and", "2010", ".", "As", "of", "2009", ",", "almost", "two", "-", "thirds", "of", "Native", "Americans", "in", "the", "state", "live", "in", "urban", "areas", ".", "Of", "Montana", "'s", "20", "largest", "cities", ",", "Polson", "(", "15.7", "percent", ")", ",", "Havre", "(", "13.0", "percent", ")", ",", "Great", "Falls", "(", "5.0", "percent", ")", ",", "Billings", "(", "4.4", "percent", ")", ",", "and", "Anaconda", "(", "3.1", "percent", ")", "had", "the", "greatest", "percentage", "of", "Native", "American", "residents", "in", "2010", ".", "Billings", "(", "4,619", ")", ",", "Great", "Falls", "(", "2,942", ")", ",", "Missoula", "(", "1,838", ")", ",", "Havre", "(", "1,210", ")", ",", "and", "Polson", "(", "706", ")", "have", "the", "most", "Native", "Americans", "living", "there", ".", "The", "state", "'s", "seven", "reservations", "include", "more", "than", "twelve", "distinct", "Native", "American", "ethnolinguistic", "groups", "." ], "offsets": [ 0, 8, 12, 14, 21, 28, 37, 48, 60, 64, 74, 75, 80, 85, 90, 95, 101, 103, 112, 116, 122, 129, 134, 137, 148, 149, 159, 162, 166, 171, 176, 182, 183, 185, 188, 195, 200, 203, 209, 216, 223, 233, 235, 242, 249, 261, 265, 273, 276, 280, 285, 288, 294, 304, 306, 310, 316, 324, 335, 338, 342, 345, 351, 353, 361, 365, 371, 380, 383, 389, 396, 406, 410, 412, 420, 422, 426, 430, 432, 439, 441, 445, 454, 456, 462, 471, 476, 482, 489, 498, 510, 518, 524, 526, 533, 535, 539, 541, 549, 551, 555, 567, 575, 577, 581, 586, 589, 596, 605, 616, 621, 624, 629, 637, 645, 650, 654, 659, 660, 663, 665, 670, 675, 682, 685, 692, 703, 708, 713, 717, 724, 725, 727, 731, 734, 739, 747, 755, 760, 764, 768, 770, 773, 776, 780, 782, 789, 792, 793, 800, 803, 810, 820, 823, 827, 833, 838, 841, 847, 852, 854, 857, 864, 867, 870, 878, 884, 886, 893, 894, 899, 906, 907, 909, 915, 916, 921, 928, 929, 931, 937, 943, 944, 948, 955, 956, 958, 967, 968, 972, 979, 980, 982, 986, 995, 996, 1000, 1007, 1009, 1013, 1017, 1026, 1037, 1040, 1047, 1056, 1066, 1069, 1073, 1075, 1084, 1085, 1090, 1091, 1093, 1099, 1105, 1106, 1111, 1112, 1114, 1123, 1124, 1129, 1130, 1132, 1138, 1139, 1144, 1145, 1147, 1151, 1158, 1159, 1162, 1164, 1169, 1173, 1178, 1185, 1195, 1202, 1207, 1209, 1213, 1218, 1221, 1227, 1240, 1248, 1253, 1258, 1265, 1274, 1281, 1290, 1306, 1312 ] }
a53a2cfd9c52415ea0c23de8fcfcaa69
What three counties are Native Americans a majority?
{ "tokens": [ "What", "three", "counties", "are", "Native", "Americans", "a", "majority", "?" ], "offsets": [ 0, 5, 11, 20, 24, 31, 41, 43, 51 ] }
{ "text": [ "Big Horn, Glacier, and Roosevelt" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 422 ], "end": [ 453 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 75 ], "end": [ 81 ] } ] }
[ "Big Horn, Glacier, and Roosevelt" ]
SQuAD
Montana has a larger Native American population numerically and percentage-wise than most U.S. states. Although the state ranked 45th in population (according to the 2010 U.S. Census), it ranked 19th in total native people population. Native people constituted 6.5 percent of the state's total population, the sixth highest percentage of all 50 states. Montana has three counties in which Native Americans are a majority: Big Horn, Glacier, and Roosevelt. Other counties with large Native American populations include Blaine, Cascade, Hill, Missoula, and Yellowstone counties. The state's Native American population grew by 27.9 percent between 1980 and 1990 (at a time when Montana's entire population rose just 1.6 percent), and by 18.5 percent between 2000 and 2010. As of 2009, almost two-thirds of Native Americans in the state live in urban areas. Of Montana's 20 largest cities, Polson (15.7 percent), Havre (13.0 percent), Great Falls (5.0 percent), Billings (4.4 percent), and Anaconda (3.1 percent) had the greatest percentage of Native American residents in 2010. Billings (4,619), Great Falls (2,942), Missoula (1,838), Havre (1,210), and Polson (706) have the most Native Americans living there. The state's seven reservations include more than twelve distinct Native American ethnolinguistic groups.
{ "tokens": [ "Montana", "has", "a", "larger", "Native", "American", "population", "numerically", "and", "percentage", "-", "wise", "than", "most", "U.S.", "states", ".", "Although", "the", "state", "ranked", "45th", "in", "population", "(", "according", "to", "the", "2010", "U.S.", "Census", ")", ",", "it", "ranked", "19th", "in", "total", "native", "people", "population", ".", "Native", "people", "constituted", "6.5", "percent", "of", "the", "state", "'s", "total", "population", ",", "the", "sixth", "highest", "percentage", "of", "all", "50", "states", ".", "Montana", "has", "three", "counties", "in", "which", "Native", "Americans", "are", "a", "majority", ":", "Big", "Horn", ",", "Glacier", ",", "and", "Roosevelt", ".", "Other", "counties", "with", "large", "Native", "American", "populations", "include", "Blaine", ",", "Cascade", ",", "Hill", ",", "Missoula", ",", "and", "Yellowstone", "counties", ".", "The", "state", "'s", "Native", "American", "population", "grew", "by", "27.9", "percent", "between", "1980", "and", "1990", "(", "at", "a", "time", "when", "Montana", "'s", "entire", "population", "rose", "just", "1.6", "percent", ")", ",", "and", "by", "18.5", "percent", "between", "2000", "and", "2010", ".", "As", "of", "2009", ",", "almost", "two", "-", "thirds", "of", "Native", "Americans", "in", "the", "state", "live", "in", "urban", "areas", ".", "Of", "Montana", "'s", "20", "largest", "cities", ",", "Polson", "(", "15.7", "percent", ")", ",", "Havre", "(", "13.0", "percent", ")", ",", "Great", "Falls", "(", "5.0", "percent", ")", ",", "Billings", "(", "4.4", "percent", ")", ",", "and", "Anaconda", "(", "3.1", "percent", ")", "had", "the", "greatest", "percentage", "of", "Native", "American", "residents", "in", "2010", ".", "Billings", "(", "4,619", ")", ",", "Great", "Falls", "(", "2,942", ")", ",", "Missoula", "(", "1,838", ")", ",", "Havre", "(", "1,210", ")", ",", "and", "Polson", "(", "706", ")", "have", "the", "most", "Native", "Americans", "living", "there", ".", "The", "state", "'s", "seven", "reservations", "include", "more", "than", "twelve", "distinct", "Native", "American", "ethnolinguistic", "groups", "." ], "offsets": [ 0, 8, 12, 14, 21, 28, 37, 48, 60, 64, 74, 75, 80, 85, 90, 95, 101, 103, 112, 116, 122, 129, 134, 137, 148, 149, 159, 162, 166, 171, 176, 182, 183, 185, 188, 195, 200, 203, 209, 216, 223, 233, 235, 242, 249, 261, 265, 273, 276, 280, 285, 288, 294, 304, 306, 310, 316, 324, 335, 338, 342, 345, 351, 353, 361, 365, 371, 380, 383, 389, 396, 406, 410, 412, 420, 422, 426, 430, 432, 439, 441, 445, 454, 456, 462, 471, 476, 482, 489, 498, 510, 518, 524, 526, 533, 535, 539, 541, 549, 551, 555, 567, 575, 577, 581, 586, 589, 596, 605, 616, 621, 624, 629, 637, 645, 650, 654, 659, 660, 663, 665, 670, 675, 682, 685, 692, 703, 708, 713, 717, 724, 725, 727, 731, 734, 739, 747, 755, 760, 764, 768, 770, 773, 776, 780, 782, 789, 792, 793, 800, 803, 810, 820, 823, 827, 833, 838, 841, 847, 852, 854, 857, 864, 867, 870, 878, 884, 886, 893, 894, 899, 906, 907, 909, 915, 916, 921, 928, 929, 931, 937, 943, 944, 948, 955, 956, 958, 967, 968, 972, 979, 980, 982, 986, 995, 996, 1000, 1007, 1009, 1013, 1017, 1026, 1037, 1040, 1047, 1056, 1066, 1069, 1073, 1075, 1084, 1085, 1090, 1091, 1093, 1099, 1105, 1106, 1111, 1112, 1114, 1123, 1124, 1129, 1130, 1132, 1138, 1139, 1144, 1145, 1147, 1151, 1158, 1159, 1162, 1164, 1169, 1173, 1178, 1185, 1195, 1202, 1207, 1209, 1213, 1218, 1221, 1227, 1240, 1248, 1253, 1258, 1265, 1274, 1281, 1290, 1306, 1312 ] }
9c772f85473b4fe6bdfdff38bbca8a8f
Between what years did the Native population increase by 27.9%
{ "tokens": [ "Between", "what", "years", "did", "the", "Native", "population", "increase", "by", "27.9", "%" ], "offsets": [ 0, 8, 13, 19, 23, 27, 34, 45, 54, 57, 61 ] }
{ "text": [ "1980 and 1990" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 645 ], "end": [ 657 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 114 ], "end": [ 116 ] } ] }
[ "1980 and 1990" ]
SQuAD
English is the official language in the state of Montana, as it is in many U.S. states. English is also the language of the majority. According to the 2000 U.S. Census, 94.8 percent of the population aged 5 and older speak English at home. Spanish is the language most commonly spoken at home other than English. There were about 13,040 Spanish-language speakers in the state (1.4 percent of the population) in 2011. There were also 15,438 (1.7 percent of the state population) speakers of Indo-European languages other than English or Spanish, 10,154 (1.1 percent) speakers of a Native American language, and 4,052 (0.4 percent) speakers of an Asian or Pacific Islander language. Other languages spoken in Montana (as of 2013) include Assiniboine (about 150 speakers in the Montana and Canada), Blackfoot (about 100 speakers), Cheyenne (about 1,700 speakers), Plains Cree (about 100 speakers), Crow (about 3,000 speakers), Dakota (about 18,800 speakers in Minnesota, Montana, Nebraska, North Dakota, and South Dakota), German Hutterite (about 5,600 speakers), Gros Ventre (about 10 speakers), Kalispel-Pend d'Oreille (about 64 speakers), Kutenai (about 6 speakers), and Lakota (about 6,000 speakers in Minnesota, Montana, Nebraska, North Dakota, South Dakota). The United States Department of Education estimated in 2009 that 5,274 students in Montana spoke a language at home other than English. These included a Native American language (64 percent), German (4 percent), Spanish (3 percent), Russian (1 percent), and Chinese (less than 0.5 percent).
{ "tokens": [ "English", "is", "the", "official", "language", "in", "the", "state", "of", "Montana", ",", "as", "it", "is", "in", "many", "U.S.", "states", ".", "English", "is", "also", "the", "language", "of", "the", "majority", ".", "According", "to", "the", "2000", "U.S.", "Census", ",", "94.8", "percent", "of", "the", "population", "aged", "5", "and", "older", "speak", "English", "at", "home", ".", "Spanish", "is", "the", "language", "most", "commonly", "spoken", "at", "home", "other", "than", "English", ".", "There", "were", "about", "13,040", "Spanish", "-", "language", "speakers", "in", "the", "state", "(", "1.4", "percent", "of", "the", "population", ")", "in", "2011", ".", "There", "were", "also", "15,438", "(", "1.7", "percent", "of", "the", "state", "population", ")", "speakers", "of", "Indo", "-", "European", "languages", "other", "than", "English", "or", "Spanish", ",", "10,154", "(", "1.1", "percent", ")", "speakers", "of", "a", "Native", "American", "language", ",", "and", "4,052", "(", "0.4", "percent", ")", "speakers", "of", "an", "Asian", "or", "Pacific", "Islander", "language", ".", "Other", "languages", "spoken", "in", "Montana", "(", "as", "of", "2013", ")", "include", "Assiniboine", "(", "about", "150", "speakers", "in", "the", "Montana", "and", "Canada", ")", ",", "Blackfoot", "(", "about", "100", "speakers", ")", ",", "Cheyenne", "(", "about", "1,700", "speakers", ")", ",", "Plains", "Cree", "(", "about", "100", "speakers", ")", ",", "Crow", "(", "about", "3,000", "speakers", ")", ",", "Dakota", "(", "about", "18,800", "speakers", "in", "Minnesota", ",", "Montana", ",", "Nebraska", ",", "North", "Dakota", ",", "and", "South", "Dakota", ")", ",", "German", "Hutterite", "(", "about", "5,600", "speakers", ")", ",", "Gros", "Ventre", "(", "about", "10", "speakers", ")", ",", "Kalispel", "-", "Pend", "d'Oreille", "(", "about", "64", "speakers", ")", ",", "Kutenai", "(", "about", "6", "speakers", ")", ",", "and", "Lakota", "(", "about", "6,000", "speakers", "in", "Minnesota", ",", "Montana", ",", "Nebraska", ",", "North", "Dakota", ",", "South", "Dakota", ")", ".", "The", "United", "States", "Department", "of", "Education", "estimated", "in", "2009", "that", "5,274", "students", "in", "Montana", "spoke", "a", "language", "at", "home", "other", "than", "English", ".", "These", "included", "a", "Native", "American", "language", "(", "64", "percent", ")", ",", "German", "(", "4", "percent", ")", ",", "Spanish", "(", "3", "percent", ")", ",", "Russian", "(", "1", "percent", ")", ",", "and", "Chinese", "(", "less", "than", "0.5", "percent", ")", "." ], "offsets": [ 0, 8, 11, 15, 24, 33, 36, 40, 46, 49, 56, 58, 61, 64, 67, 70, 75, 80, 86, 88, 96, 99, 104, 108, 117, 120, 124, 132, 134, 144, 147, 151, 156, 161, 167, 169, 174, 182, 185, 189, 200, 205, 207, 211, 217, 223, 231, 234, 238, 240, 248, 251, 255, 264, 269, 278, 285, 288, 293, 299, 304, 311, 313, 319, 324, 330, 337, 344, 345, 354, 363, 366, 370, 376, 377, 381, 389, 392, 396, 406, 408, 411, 415, 417, 423, 428, 433, 440, 441, 445, 453, 456, 460, 466, 476, 478, 487, 490, 494, 495, 504, 514, 520, 525, 533, 536, 543, 545, 552, 553, 557, 564, 566, 575, 578, 580, 587, 596, 604, 606, 610, 616, 617, 621, 628, 630, 639, 642, 645, 651, 654, 662, 671, 679, 681, 687, 697, 704, 707, 715, 716, 719, 722, 726, 728, 736, 748, 749, 755, 759, 768, 771, 775, 783, 787, 793, 794, 796, 806, 807, 813, 817, 825, 826, 828, 837, 838, 844, 850, 858, 859, 861, 868, 873, 874, 880, 884, 892, 893, 895, 900, 901, 907, 913, 921, 922, 924, 931, 932, 938, 945, 954, 957, 966, 968, 975, 977, 985, 987, 993, 999, 1001, 1005, 1011, 1017, 1018, 1020, 1027, 1037, 1038, 1044, 1050, 1058, 1059, 1061, 1066, 1073, 1074, 1080, 1083, 1091, 1092, 1094, 1102, 1103, 1108, 1118, 1119, 1125, 1128, 1136, 1137, 1139, 1147, 1148, 1154, 1156, 1164, 1165, 1167, 1171, 1178, 1179, 1185, 1191, 1200, 1203, 1212, 1214, 1221, 1223, 1231, 1233, 1239, 1245, 1247, 1253, 1259, 1260, 1262, 1266, 1273, 1280, 1291, 1294, 1304, 1314, 1317, 1322, 1327, 1333, 1342, 1345, 1353, 1359, 1361, 1370, 1373, 1378, 1384, 1389, 1396, 1398, 1404, 1413, 1415, 1422, 1431, 1440, 1441, 1444, 1451, 1452, 1454, 1461, 1462, 1464, 1471, 1472, 1474, 1482, 1483, 1485, 1492, 1493, 1495, 1503, 1504, 1506, 1513, 1514, 1516, 1520, 1528, 1529, 1534, 1539, 1543, 1550, 1551 ] }
3da4f0b7be8046318fb3d2ae164e296c
What is the official language of Montana?
{ "tokens": [ "What", "is", "the", "official", "language", "of", "Montana", "?" ], "offsets": [ 0, 5, 8, 12, 21, 30, 33, 40 ] }
{ "text": [ "English" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 0, 223, 88, 304, 525, 1389 ], "end": [ 6, 229, 94, 310, 531, 1395 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 0, 45, 19, 60, 103, 280 ], "end": [ 0, 45, 19, 60, 103, 280 ] } ] }
[ "English" ]
SQuAD
English is the official language in the state of Montana, as it is in many U.S. states. English is also the language of the majority. According to the 2000 U.S. Census, 94.8 percent of the population aged 5 and older speak English at home. Spanish is the language most commonly spoken at home other than English. There were about 13,040 Spanish-language speakers in the state (1.4 percent of the population) in 2011. There were also 15,438 (1.7 percent of the state population) speakers of Indo-European languages other than English or Spanish, 10,154 (1.1 percent) speakers of a Native American language, and 4,052 (0.4 percent) speakers of an Asian or Pacific Islander language. Other languages spoken in Montana (as of 2013) include Assiniboine (about 150 speakers in the Montana and Canada), Blackfoot (about 100 speakers), Cheyenne (about 1,700 speakers), Plains Cree (about 100 speakers), Crow (about 3,000 speakers), Dakota (about 18,800 speakers in Minnesota, Montana, Nebraska, North Dakota, and South Dakota), German Hutterite (about 5,600 speakers), Gros Ventre (about 10 speakers), Kalispel-Pend d'Oreille (about 64 speakers), Kutenai (about 6 speakers), and Lakota (about 6,000 speakers in Minnesota, Montana, Nebraska, North Dakota, South Dakota). The United States Department of Education estimated in 2009 that 5,274 students in Montana spoke a language at home other than English. These included a Native American language (64 percent), German (4 percent), Spanish (3 percent), Russian (1 percent), and Chinese (less than 0.5 percent).
{ "tokens": [ "English", "is", "the", "official", "language", "in", "the", "state", "of", "Montana", ",", "as", "it", "is", "in", "many", "U.S.", "states", ".", "English", "is", "also", "the", "language", "of", "the", "majority", ".", "According", "to", "the", "2000", "U.S.", "Census", ",", "94.8", "percent", "of", "the", "population", "aged", "5", "and", "older", "speak", "English", "at", "home", ".", "Spanish", "is", "the", "language", "most", "commonly", "spoken", "at", "home", "other", "than", "English", ".", "There", "were", "about", "13,040", "Spanish", "-", "language", "speakers", "in", "the", "state", "(", "1.4", "percent", "of", "the", "population", ")", "in", "2011", ".", "There", "were", "also", "15,438", "(", "1.7", "percent", "of", "the", "state", "population", ")", "speakers", "of", "Indo", "-", "European", "languages", "other", "than", "English", "or", "Spanish", ",", "10,154", "(", "1.1", "percent", ")", "speakers", "of", "a", "Native", "American", "language", ",", "and", "4,052", "(", "0.4", "percent", ")", "speakers", "of", "an", "Asian", "or", "Pacific", "Islander", "language", ".", "Other", "languages", "spoken", "in", "Montana", "(", "as", "of", "2013", ")", "include", "Assiniboine", "(", "about", "150", "speakers", "in", "the", "Montana", "and", "Canada", ")", ",", "Blackfoot", "(", "about", "100", "speakers", ")", ",", "Cheyenne", "(", "about", "1,700", "speakers", ")", ",", "Plains", "Cree", "(", "about", "100", "speakers", ")", ",", "Crow", "(", "about", "3,000", "speakers", ")", ",", "Dakota", "(", "about", "18,800", "speakers", "in", "Minnesota", ",", "Montana", ",", "Nebraska", ",", "North", "Dakota", ",", "and", "South", "Dakota", ")", ",", "German", "Hutterite", "(", "about", "5,600", "speakers", ")", ",", "Gros", "Ventre", "(", "about", "10", "speakers", ")", ",", "Kalispel", "-", "Pend", "d'Oreille", "(", "about", "64", "speakers", ")", ",", "Kutenai", "(", "about", "6", "speakers", ")", ",", "and", "Lakota", "(", "about", "6,000", "speakers", "in", "Minnesota", ",", "Montana", ",", "Nebraska", ",", "North", "Dakota", ",", "South", "Dakota", ")", ".", "The", "United", "States", "Department", "of", "Education", "estimated", "in", "2009", "that", "5,274", "students", "in", "Montana", "spoke", "a", "language", "at", "home", "other", "than", "English", ".", "These", "included", "a", "Native", "American", "language", "(", "64", "percent", ")", ",", "German", "(", "4", "percent", ")", ",", "Spanish", "(", "3", "percent", ")", ",", "Russian", "(", "1", "percent", ")", ",", "and", "Chinese", "(", "less", "than", "0.5", "percent", ")", "." ], "offsets": [ 0, 8, 11, 15, 24, 33, 36, 40, 46, 49, 56, 58, 61, 64, 67, 70, 75, 80, 86, 88, 96, 99, 104, 108, 117, 120, 124, 132, 134, 144, 147, 151, 156, 161, 167, 169, 174, 182, 185, 189, 200, 205, 207, 211, 217, 223, 231, 234, 238, 240, 248, 251, 255, 264, 269, 278, 285, 288, 293, 299, 304, 311, 313, 319, 324, 330, 337, 344, 345, 354, 363, 366, 370, 376, 377, 381, 389, 392, 396, 406, 408, 411, 415, 417, 423, 428, 433, 440, 441, 445, 453, 456, 460, 466, 476, 478, 487, 490, 494, 495, 504, 514, 520, 525, 533, 536, 543, 545, 552, 553, 557, 564, 566, 575, 578, 580, 587, 596, 604, 606, 610, 616, 617, 621, 628, 630, 639, 642, 645, 651, 654, 662, 671, 679, 681, 687, 697, 704, 707, 715, 716, 719, 722, 726, 728, 736, 748, 749, 755, 759, 768, 771, 775, 783, 787, 793, 794, 796, 806, 807, 813, 817, 825, 826, 828, 837, 838, 844, 850, 858, 859, 861, 868, 873, 874, 880, 884, 892, 893, 895, 900, 901, 907, 913, 921, 922, 924, 931, 932, 938, 945, 954, 957, 966, 968, 975, 977, 985, 987, 993, 999, 1001, 1005, 1011, 1017, 1018, 1020, 1027, 1037, 1038, 1044, 1050, 1058, 1059, 1061, 1066, 1073, 1074, 1080, 1083, 1091, 1092, 1094, 1102, 1103, 1108, 1118, 1119, 1125, 1128, 1136, 1137, 1139, 1147, 1148, 1154, 1156, 1164, 1165, 1167, 1171, 1178, 1179, 1185, 1191, 1200, 1203, 1212, 1214, 1221, 1223, 1231, 1233, 1239, 1245, 1247, 1253, 1259, 1260, 1262, 1266, 1273, 1280, 1291, 1294, 1304, 1314, 1317, 1322, 1327, 1333, 1342, 1345, 1353, 1359, 1361, 1370, 1373, 1378, 1384, 1389, 1396, 1398, 1404, 1413, 1415, 1422, 1431, 1440, 1441, 1444, 1451, 1452, 1454, 1461, 1462, 1464, 1471, 1472, 1474, 1482, 1483, 1485, 1492, 1493, 1495, 1503, 1504, 1506, 1513, 1514, 1516, 1520, 1528, 1529, 1534, 1539, 1543, 1550, 1551 ] }
8553c49b40a6496d8354af1cb5e4adea
What percentage of the population in Montana speak English?
{ "tokens": [ "What", "percentage", "of", "the", "population", "in", "Montana", "speak", "English", "?" ], "offsets": [ 0, 5, 16, 19, 23, 34, 37, 45, 51, 58 ] }
{ "text": [ "94.8 percent" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 169 ], "end": [ 180 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 35 ], "end": [ 36 ] } ] }
[ "94.8 percent" ]
SQuAD
English is the official language in the state of Montana, as it is in many U.S. states. English is also the language of the majority. According to the 2000 U.S. Census, 94.8 percent of the population aged 5 and older speak English at home. Spanish is the language most commonly spoken at home other than English. There were about 13,040 Spanish-language speakers in the state (1.4 percent of the population) in 2011. There were also 15,438 (1.7 percent of the state population) speakers of Indo-European languages other than English or Spanish, 10,154 (1.1 percent) speakers of a Native American language, and 4,052 (0.4 percent) speakers of an Asian or Pacific Islander language. Other languages spoken in Montana (as of 2013) include Assiniboine (about 150 speakers in the Montana and Canada), Blackfoot (about 100 speakers), Cheyenne (about 1,700 speakers), Plains Cree (about 100 speakers), Crow (about 3,000 speakers), Dakota (about 18,800 speakers in Minnesota, Montana, Nebraska, North Dakota, and South Dakota), German Hutterite (about 5,600 speakers), Gros Ventre (about 10 speakers), Kalispel-Pend d'Oreille (about 64 speakers), Kutenai (about 6 speakers), and Lakota (about 6,000 speakers in Minnesota, Montana, Nebraska, North Dakota, South Dakota). The United States Department of Education estimated in 2009 that 5,274 students in Montana spoke a language at home other than English. These included a Native American language (64 percent), German (4 percent), Spanish (3 percent), Russian (1 percent), and Chinese (less than 0.5 percent).
{ "tokens": [ "English", "is", "the", "official", "language", "in", "the", "state", "of", "Montana", ",", "as", "it", "is", "in", "many", "U.S.", "states", ".", "English", "is", "also", "the", "language", "of", "the", "majority", ".", "According", "to", "the", "2000", "U.S.", "Census", ",", "94.8", "percent", "of", "the", "population", "aged", "5", "and", "older", "speak", "English", "at", "home", ".", "Spanish", "is", "the", "language", "most", "commonly", "spoken", "at", "home", "other", "than", "English", ".", "There", "were", "about", "13,040", "Spanish", "-", "language", "speakers", "in", "the", "state", "(", "1.4", "percent", "of", "the", "population", ")", "in", "2011", ".", "There", "were", "also", "15,438", "(", "1.7", "percent", "of", "the", "state", "population", ")", "speakers", "of", "Indo", "-", "European", "languages", "other", "than", "English", "or", "Spanish", ",", "10,154", "(", "1.1", "percent", ")", "speakers", "of", "a", "Native", "American", "language", ",", "and", "4,052", "(", "0.4", "percent", ")", "speakers", "of", "an", "Asian", "or", "Pacific", "Islander", "language", ".", "Other", "languages", "spoken", "in", "Montana", "(", "as", "of", "2013", ")", "include", "Assiniboine", "(", "about", "150", "speakers", "in", "the", "Montana", "and", "Canada", ")", ",", "Blackfoot", "(", "about", "100", "speakers", ")", ",", "Cheyenne", "(", "about", "1,700", "speakers", ")", ",", "Plains", "Cree", "(", "about", "100", "speakers", ")", ",", "Crow", "(", "about", "3,000", "speakers", ")", ",", "Dakota", "(", "about", "18,800", "speakers", "in", "Minnesota", ",", "Montana", ",", "Nebraska", ",", "North", "Dakota", ",", "and", "South", "Dakota", ")", ",", "German", "Hutterite", "(", "about", "5,600", "speakers", ")", ",", "Gros", "Ventre", "(", "about", "10", "speakers", ")", ",", "Kalispel", "-", "Pend", "d'Oreille", "(", "about", "64", "speakers", ")", ",", "Kutenai", "(", "about", "6", "speakers", ")", ",", "and", "Lakota", "(", "about", "6,000", "speakers", "in", "Minnesota", ",", "Montana", ",", "Nebraska", ",", "North", "Dakota", ",", "South", "Dakota", ")", ".", "The", "United", "States", "Department", "of", "Education", "estimated", "in", "2009", "that", "5,274", "students", "in", "Montana", "spoke", "a", "language", "at", "home", "other", "than", "English", ".", "These", "included", "a", "Native", "American", "language", "(", "64", "percent", ")", ",", "German", "(", "4", "percent", ")", ",", "Spanish", "(", "3", "percent", ")", ",", "Russian", "(", "1", "percent", ")", ",", "and", "Chinese", "(", "less", "than", "0.5", "percent", ")", "." ], "offsets": [ 0, 8, 11, 15, 24, 33, 36, 40, 46, 49, 56, 58, 61, 64, 67, 70, 75, 80, 86, 88, 96, 99, 104, 108, 117, 120, 124, 132, 134, 144, 147, 151, 156, 161, 167, 169, 174, 182, 185, 189, 200, 205, 207, 211, 217, 223, 231, 234, 238, 240, 248, 251, 255, 264, 269, 278, 285, 288, 293, 299, 304, 311, 313, 319, 324, 330, 337, 344, 345, 354, 363, 366, 370, 376, 377, 381, 389, 392, 396, 406, 408, 411, 415, 417, 423, 428, 433, 440, 441, 445, 453, 456, 460, 466, 476, 478, 487, 490, 494, 495, 504, 514, 520, 525, 533, 536, 543, 545, 552, 553, 557, 564, 566, 575, 578, 580, 587, 596, 604, 606, 610, 616, 617, 621, 628, 630, 639, 642, 645, 651, 654, 662, 671, 679, 681, 687, 697, 704, 707, 715, 716, 719, 722, 726, 728, 736, 748, 749, 755, 759, 768, 771, 775, 783, 787, 793, 794, 796, 806, 807, 813, 817, 825, 826, 828, 837, 838, 844, 850, 858, 859, 861, 868, 873, 874, 880, 884, 892, 893, 895, 900, 901, 907, 913, 921, 922, 924, 931, 932, 938, 945, 954, 957, 966, 968, 975, 977, 985, 987, 993, 999, 1001, 1005, 1011, 1017, 1018, 1020, 1027, 1037, 1038, 1044, 1050, 1058, 1059, 1061, 1066, 1073, 1074, 1080, 1083, 1091, 1092, 1094, 1102, 1103, 1108, 1118, 1119, 1125, 1128, 1136, 1137, 1139, 1147, 1148, 1154, 1156, 1164, 1165, 1167, 1171, 1178, 1179, 1185, 1191, 1200, 1203, 1212, 1214, 1221, 1223, 1231, 1233, 1239, 1245, 1247, 1253, 1259, 1260, 1262, 1266, 1273, 1280, 1291, 1294, 1304, 1314, 1317, 1322, 1327, 1333, 1342, 1345, 1353, 1359, 1361, 1370, 1373, 1378, 1384, 1389, 1396, 1398, 1404, 1413, 1415, 1422, 1431, 1440, 1441, 1444, 1451, 1452, 1454, 1461, 1462, 1464, 1471, 1472, 1474, 1482, 1483, 1485, 1492, 1493, 1495, 1503, 1504, 1506, 1513, 1514, 1516, 1520, 1528, 1529, 1534, 1539, 1543, 1550, 1551 ] }
200c8b0bdb794e2ba5cd271dc2bc6ec5
What is the second most common language spoken in Montana?
{ "tokens": [ "What", "is", "the", "second", "most", "common", "language", "spoken", "in", "Montana", "?" ], "offsets": [ 0, 5, 8, 12, 19, 24, 31, 40, 47, 50, 57 ] }
{ "text": [ "Spanish" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 240 ], "end": [ 246 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 49 ], "end": [ 49 ] } ] }
[ "Spanish" ]
SQuAD
English is the official language in the state of Montana, as it is in many U.S. states. English is also the language of the majority. According to the 2000 U.S. Census, 94.8 percent of the population aged 5 and older speak English at home. Spanish is the language most commonly spoken at home other than English. There were about 13,040 Spanish-language speakers in the state (1.4 percent of the population) in 2011. There were also 15,438 (1.7 percent of the state population) speakers of Indo-European languages other than English or Spanish, 10,154 (1.1 percent) speakers of a Native American language, and 4,052 (0.4 percent) speakers of an Asian or Pacific Islander language. Other languages spoken in Montana (as of 2013) include Assiniboine (about 150 speakers in the Montana and Canada), Blackfoot (about 100 speakers), Cheyenne (about 1,700 speakers), Plains Cree (about 100 speakers), Crow (about 3,000 speakers), Dakota (about 18,800 speakers in Minnesota, Montana, Nebraska, North Dakota, and South Dakota), German Hutterite (about 5,600 speakers), Gros Ventre (about 10 speakers), Kalispel-Pend d'Oreille (about 64 speakers), Kutenai (about 6 speakers), and Lakota (about 6,000 speakers in Minnesota, Montana, Nebraska, North Dakota, South Dakota). The United States Department of Education estimated in 2009 that 5,274 students in Montana spoke a language at home other than English. These included a Native American language (64 percent), German (4 percent), Spanish (3 percent), Russian (1 percent), and Chinese (less than 0.5 percent).
{ "tokens": [ "English", "is", "the", "official", "language", "in", "the", "state", "of", "Montana", ",", "as", "it", "is", "in", "many", "U.S.", "states", ".", "English", "is", "also", "the", "language", "of", "the", "majority", ".", "According", "to", "the", "2000", "U.S.", "Census", ",", "94.8", "percent", "of", "the", "population", "aged", "5", "and", "older", "speak", "English", "at", "home", ".", "Spanish", "is", "the", "language", "most", "commonly", "spoken", "at", "home", "other", "than", "English", ".", "There", "were", "about", "13,040", "Spanish", "-", "language", "speakers", "in", "the", "state", "(", "1.4", "percent", "of", "the", "population", ")", "in", "2011", ".", "There", "were", "also", "15,438", "(", "1.7", "percent", "of", "the", "state", "population", ")", "speakers", "of", "Indo", "-", "European", "languages", "other", "than", "English", "or", "Spanish", ",", "10,154", "(", "1.1", "percent", ")", "speakers", "of", "a", "Native", "American", "language", ",", "and", "4,052", "(", "0.4", "percent", ")", "speakers", "of", "an", "Asian", "or", "Pacific", "Islander", "language", ".", "Other", "languages", "spoken", "in", "Montana", "(", "as", "of", "2013", ")", "include", "Assiniboine", "(", "about", "150", "speakers", "in", "the", "Montana", "and", "Canada", ")", ",", "Blackfoot", "(", "about", "100", "speakers", ")", ",", "Cheyenne", "(", "about", "1,700", "speakers", ")", ",", "Plains", "Cree", "(", "about", "100", "speakers", ")", ",", "Crow", "(", "about", "3,000", "speakers", ")", ",", "Dakota", "(", "about", "18,800", "speakers", "in", "Minnesota", ",", "Montana", ",", "Nebraska", ",", "North", "Dakota", ",", "and", "South", "Dakota", ")", ",", "German", "Hutterite", "(", "about", "5,600", "speakers", ")", ",", "Gros", "Ventre", "(", "about", "10", "speakers", ")", ",", "Kalispel", "-", "Pend", "d'Oreille", "(", "about", "64", "speakers", ")", ",", "Kutenai", "(", "about", "6", "speakers", ")", ",", "and", "Lakota", "(", "about", "6,000", "speakers", "in", "Minnesota", ",", "Montana", ",", "Nebraska", ",", "North", "Dakota", ",", "South", "Dakota", ")", ".", "The", "United", "States", "Department", "of", "Education", "estimated", "in", "2009", "that", "5,274", "students", "in", "Montana", "spoke", "a", "language", "at", "home", "other", "than", "English", ".", "These", "included", "a", "Native", "American", "language", "(", "64", "percent", ")", ",", "German", "(", "4", "percent", ")", ",", "Spanish", "(", "3", "percent", ")", ",", "Russian", "(", "1", "percent", ")", ",", "and", "Chinese", "(", "less", "than", "0.5", "percent", ")", "." ], "offsets": [ 0, 8, 11, 15, 24, 33, 36, 40, 46, 49, 56, 58, 61, 64, 67, 70, 75, 80, 86, 88, 96, 99, 104, 108, 117, 120, 124, 132, 134, 144, 147, 151, 156, 161, 167, 169, 174, 182, 185, 189, 200, 205, 207, 211, 217, 223, 231, 234, 238, 240, 248, 251, 255, 264, 269, 278, 285, 288, 293, 299, 304, 311, 313, 319, 324, 330, 337, 344, 345, 354, 363, 366, 370, 376, 377, 381, 389, 392, 396, 406, 408, 411, 415, 417, 423, 428, 433, 440, 441, 445, 453, 456, 460, 466, 476, 478, 487, 490, 494, 495, 504, 514, 520, 525, 533, 536, 543, 545, 552, 553, 557, 564, 566, 575, 578, 580, 587, 596, 604, 606, 610, 616, 617, 621, 628, 630, 639, 642, 645, 651, 654, 662, 671, 679, 681, 687, 697, 704, 707, 715, 716, 719, 722, 726, 728, 736, 748, 749, 755, 759, 768, 771, 775, 783, 787, 793, 794, 796, 806, 807, 813, 817, 825, 826, 828, 837, 838, 844, 850, 858, 859, 861, 868, 873, 874, 880, 884, 892, 893, 895, 900, 901, 907, 913, 921, 922, 924, 931, 932, 938, 945, 954, 957, 966, 968, 975, 977, 985, 987, 993, 999, 1001, 1005, 1011, 1017, 1018, 1020, 1027, 1037, 1038, 1044, 1050, 1058, 1059, 1061, 1066, 1073, 1074, 1080, 1083, 1091, 1092, 1094, 1102, 1103, 1108, 1118, 1119, 1125, 1128, 1136, 1137, 1139, 1147, 1148, 1154, 1156, 1164, 1165, 1167, 1171, 1178, 1179, 1185, 1191, 1200, 1203, 1212, 1214, 1221, 1223, 1231, 1233, 1239, 1245, 1247, 1253, 1259, 1260, 1262, 1266, 1273, 1280, 1291, 1294, 1304, 1314, 1317, 1322, 1327, 1333, 1342, 1345, 1353, 1359, 1361, 1370, 1373, 1378, 1384, 1389, 1396, 1398, 1404, 1413, 1415, 1422, 1431, 1440, 1441, 1444, 1451, 1452, 1454, 1461, 1462, 1464, 1471, 1472, 1474, 1482, 1483, 1485, 1492, 1493, 1495, 1503, 1504, 1506, 1513, 1514, 1516, 1520, 1528, 1529, 1534, 1539, 1543, 1550, 1551 ] }
e09953b4e750449b9e59fe7af706f617
How about many Spanish speakers are there in the state?
{ "tokens": [ "How", "about", "many", "Spanish", "speakers", "are", "there", "in", "the", "state", "?" ], "offsets": [ 0, 4, 10, 15, 23, 32, 36, 42, 45, 49, 54 ] }
{ "text": [ "13,040" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 330 ], "end": [ 335 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 65 ], "end": [ 65 ] } ] }
[ "13,040" ]
SQuAD
English is the official language in the state of Montana, as it is in many U.S. states. English is also the language of the majority. According to the 2000 U.S. Census, 94.8 percent of the population aged 5 and older speak English at home. Spanish is the language most commonly spoken at home other than English. There were about 13,040 Spanish-language speakers in the state (1.4 percent of the population) in 2011. There were also 15,438 (1.7 percent of the state population) speakers of Indo-European languages other than English or Spanish, 10,154 (1.1 percent) speakers of a Native American language, and 4,052 (0.4 percent) speakers of an Asian or Pacific Islander language. Other languages spoken in Montana (as of 2013) include Assiniboine (about 150 speakers in the Montana and Canada), Blackfoot (about 100 speakers), Cheyenne (about 1,700 speakers), Plains Cree (about 100 speakers), Crow (about 3,000 speakers), Dakota (about 18,800 speakers in Minnesota, Montana, Nebraska, North Dakota, and South Dakota), German Hutterite (about 5,600 speakers), Gros Ventre (about 10 speakers), Kalispel-Pend d'Oreille (about 64 speakers), Kutenai (about 6 speakers), and Lakota (about 6,000 speakers in Minnesota, Montana, Nebraska, North Dakota, South Dakota). The United States Department of Education estimated in 2009 that 5,274 students in Montana spoke a language at home other than English. These included a Native American language (64 percent), German (4 percent), Spanish (3 percent), Russian (1 percent), and Chinese (less than 0.5 percent).
{ "tokens": [ "English", "is", "the", "official", "language", "in", "the", "state", "of", "Montana", ",", "as", "it", "is", "in", "many", "U.S.", "states", ".", "English", "is", "also", "the", "language", "of", "the", "majority", ".", "According", "to", "the", "2000", "U.S.", "Census", ",", "94.8", "percent", "of", "the", "population", "aged", "5", "and", "older", "speak", "English", "at", "home", ".", "Spanish", "is", "the", "language", "most", "commonly", "spoken", "at", "home", "other", "than", "English", ".", "There", "were", "about", "13,040", "Spanish", "-", "language", "speakers", "in", "the", "state", "(", "1.4", "percent", "of", "the", "population", ")", "in", "2011", ".", "There", "were", "also", "15,438", "(", "1.7", "percent", "of", "the", "state", "population", ")", "speakers", "of", "Indo", "-", "European", "languages", "other", "than", "English", "or", "Spanish", ",", "10,154", "(", "1.1", "percent", ")", "speakers", "of", "a", "Native", "American", "language", ",", "and", "4,052", "(", "0.4", "percent", ")", "speakers", "of", "an", "Asian", "or", "Pacific", "Islander", "language", ".", "Other", "languages", "spoken", "in", "Montana", "(", "as", "of", "2013", ")", "include", "Assiniboine", "(", "about", "150", "speakers", "in", "the", "Montana", "and", "Canada", ")", ",", "Blackfoot", "(", "about", "100", "speakers", ")", ",", "Cheyenne", "(", "about", "1,700", "speakers", ")", ",", "Plains", "Cree", "(", "about", "100", "speakers", ")", ",", "Crow", "(", "about", "3,000", "speakers", ")", ",", "Dakota", "(", "about", "18,800", "speakers", "in", "Minnesota", ",", "Montana", ",", "Nebraska", ",", "North", "Dakota", ",", "and", "South", "Dakota", ")", ",", "German", "Hutterite", "(", "about", "5,600", "speakers", ")", ",", "Gros", "Ventre", "(", "about", "10", "speakers", ")", ",", "Kalispel", "-", "Pend", "d'Oreille", "(", "about", "64", "speakers", ")", ",", "Kutenai", "(", "about", "6", "speakers", ")", ",", "and", "Lakota", "(", "about", "6,000", "speakers", "in", "Minnesota", ",", "Montana", ",", "Nebraska", ",", "North", "Dakota", ",", "South", "Dakota", ")", ".", "The", "United", "States", "Department", "of", "Education", "estimated", "in", "2009", "that", "5,274", "students", "in", "Montana", "spoke", "a", "language", "at", "home", "other", "than", "English", ".", "These", "included", "a", "Native", "American", "language", "(", "64", "percent", ")", ",", "German", "(", "4", "percent", ")", ",", "Spanish", "(", "3", "percent", ")", ",", "Russian", "(", "1", "percent", ")", ",", "and", "Chinese", "(", "less", "than", "0.5", "percent", ")", "." ], "offsets": [ 0, 8, 11, 15, 24, 33, 36, 40, 46, 49, 56, 58, 61, 64, 67, 70, 75, 80, 86, 88, 96, 99, 104, 108, 117, 120, 124, 132, 134, 144, 147, 151, 156, 161, 167, 169, 174, 182, 185, 189, 200, 205, 207, 211, 217, 223, 231, 234, 238, 240, 248, 251, 255, 264, 269, 278, 285, 288, 293, 299, 304, 311, 313, 319, 324, 330, 337, 344, 345, 354, 363, 366, 370, 376, 377, 381, 389, 392, 396, 406, 408, 411, 415, 417, 423, 428, 433, 440, 441, 445, 453, 456, 460, 466, 476, 478, 487, 490, 494, 495, 504, 514, 520, 525, 533, 536, 543, 545, 552, 553, 557, 564, 566, 575, 578, 580, 587, 596, 604, 606, 610, 616, 617, 621, 628, 630, 639, 642, 645, 651, 654, 662, 671, 679, 681, 687, 697, 704, 707, 715, 716, 719, 722, 726, 728, 736, 748, 749, 755, 759, 768, 771, 775, 783, 787, 793, 794, 796, 806, 807, 813, 817, 825, 826, 828, 837, 838, 844, 850, 858, 859, 861, 868, 873, 874, 880, 884, 892, 893, 895, 900, 901, 907, 913, 921, 922, 924, 931, 932, 938, 945, 954, 957, 966, 968, 975, 977, 985, 987, 993, 999, 1001, 1005, 1011, 1017, 1018, 1020, 1027, 1037, 1038, 1044, 1050, 1058, 1059, 1061, 1066, 1073, 1074, 1080, 1083, 1091, 1092, 1094, 1102, 1103, 1108, 1118, 1119, 1125, 1128, 1136, 1137, 1139, 1147, 1148, 1154, 1156, 1164, 1165, 1167, 1171, 1178, 1179, 1185, 1191, 1200, 1203, 1212, 1214, 1221, 1223, 1231, 1233, 1239, 1245, 1247, 1253, 1259, 1260, 1262, 1266, 1273, 1280, 1291, 1294, 1304, 1314, 1317, 1322, 1327, 1333, 1342, 1345, 1353, 1359, 1361, 1370, 1373, 1378, 1384, 1389, 1396, 1398, 1404, 1413, 1415, 1422, 1431, 1440, 1441, 1444, 1451, 1452, 1454, 1461, 1462, 1464, 1471, 1472, 1474, 1482, 1483, 1485, 1492, 1493, 1495, 1503, 1504, 1506, 1513, 1514, 1516, 1520, 1528, 1529, 1534, 1539, 1543, 1550, 1551 ] }
64e0c491ab2d4518be50aa440b71eaa3
ABout how many people in the state of Montana speak Cheyenne?
{ "tokens": [ "ABout", "how", "many", "people", "in", "the", "state", "of", "Montana", "speak", "Cheyenne", "?" ], "offsets": [ 0, 6, 10, 15, 22, 25, 29, 35, 38, 46, 52, 60 ] }
{ "text": [ "about 1,700" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 838 ], "end": [ 848 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 166 ], "end": [ 167 ] } ] }
[ "about 1,700" ]
SQuAD
After the Holocaust, which had been perpetrated by the Nazi Germany and its allies prior to and during World War II, Lemkin successfully campaigned for the universal acceptance of international laws defining and forbidding genocides. In 1946, the first session of the United Nations General Assembly adopted a resolution that "affirmed" that genocide was a crime under international law, but did not provide a legal definition of the crime. In 1948, the UN General Assembly adopted the Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide (CPPCG) which defined the crime of genocide for the first time.
{ "tokens": [ "After", "the", "Holocaust", ",", "which", "had", "been", "perpetrated", "by", "the", "Nazi", "Germany", "and", "its", "allies", "prior", "to", "and", "during", "World", "War", "II", ",", "Lemkin", "successfully", "campaigned", "for", "the", "universal", "acceptance", "of", "international", "laws", "defining", "and", "forbidding", "genocides", ".", "In", "1946", ",", "the", "first", "session", "of", "the", "United", "Nations", "General", "Assembly", "adopted", "a", "resolution", "that", "\"", "affirmed", "\"", "that", "genocide", "was", "a", "crime", "under", "international", "law", ",", "but", "did", "not", "provide", "a", "legal", "definition", "of", "the", "crime", ".", "In", "1948", ",", "the", "UN", "General", "Assembly", "adopted", "the", "Convention", "on", "the", "Prevention", "and", "Punishment", "of", "the", "Crime", "of", "Genocide", "(", "CPPCG", ")", "which", "defined", "the", "crime", "of", "genocide", "for", "the", "first", "time", "." ], "offsets": [ 0, 6, 10, 19, 21, 27, 31, 36, 48, 51, 55, 60, 68, 72, 76, 83, 89, 92, 96, 103, 109, 113, 115, 117, 124, 137, 148, 152, 156, 166, 177, 180, 194, 199, 208, 212, 223, 232, 234, 237, 241, 243, 247, 253, 261, 264, 268, 275, 283, 291, 300, 308, 310, 321, 326, 327, 335, 337, 342, 351, 355, 357, 363, 369, 383, 386, 388, 392, 396, 400, 408, 410, 416, 427, 430, 434, 439, 441, 444, 448, 450, 454, 457, 465, 474, 482, 486, 497, 500, 504, 515, 519, 530, 533, 537, 543, 546, 555, 556, 561, 563, 569, 577, 581, 587, 590, 599, 603, 607, 613, 617 ] }
571c011eef7547c8903ca270d0b9ae6d
In 1948, what general assembly resolution established genocide as a prosecutable act?
{ "tokens": [ "In", "1948", ",", "what", "general", "assembly", "resolution", "established", "genocide", "as", "a", "prosecutable", "act", "?" ], "offsets": [ 0, 3, 7, 9, 14, 22, 31, 42, 54, 63, 66, 68, 81, 84 ] }
{ "text": [ "the Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 482 ], "end": [ 553 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 85 ], "end": [ 96 ] } ] }
[ "the Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide" ]
SQuAD
After the Holocaust, which had been perpetrated by the Nazi Germany and its allies prior to and during World War II, Lemkin successfully campaigned for the universal acceptance of international laws defining and forbidding genocides. In 1946, the first session of the United Nations General Assembly adopted a resolution that "affirmed" that genocide was a crime under international law, but did not provide a legal definition of the crime. In 1948, the UN General Assembly adopted the Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide (CPPCG) which defined the crime of genocide for the first time.
{ "tokens": [ "After", "the", "Holocaust", ",", "which", "had", "been", "perpetrated", "by", "the", "Nazi", "Germany", "and", "its", "allies", "prior", "to", "and", "during", "World", "War", "II", ",", "Lemkin", "successfully", "campaigned", "for", "the", "universal", "acceptance", "of", "international", "laws", "defining", "and", "forbidding", "genocides", ".", "In", "1946", ",", "the", "first", "session", "of", "the", "United", "Nations", "General", "Assembly", "adopted", "a", "resolution", "that", "\"", "affirmed", "\"", "that", "genocide", "was", "a", "crime", "under", "international", "law", ",", "but", "did", "not", "provide", "a", "legal", "definition", "of", "the", "crime", ".", "In", "1948", ",", "the", "UN", "General", "Assembly", "adopted", "the", "Convention", "on", "the", "Prevention", "and", "Punishment", "of", "the", "Crime", "of", "Genocide", "(", "CPPCG", ")", "which", "defined", "the", "crime", "of", "genocide", "for", "the", "first", "time", "." ], "offsets": [ 0, 6, 10, 19, 21, 27, 31, 36, 48, 51, 55, 60, 68, 72, 76, 83, 89, 92, 96, 103, 109, 113, 115, 117, 124, 137, 148, 152, 156, 166, 177, 180, 194, 199, 208, 212, 223, 232, 234, 237, 241, 243, 247, 253, 261, 264, 268, 275, 283, 291, 300, 308, 310, 321, 326, 327, 335, 337, 342, 351, 355, 357, 363, 369, 383, 386, 388, 392, 396, 400, 408, 410, 416, 427, 430, 434, 439, 441, 444, 448, 450, 454, 457, 465, 474, 482, 486, 497, 500, 504, 515, 519, 530, 533, 537, 543, 546, 555, 556, 561, 563, 569, 577, 581, 587, 590, 599, 603, 607, 613, 617 ] }
233eee9bf1c14fb582ea34211a39cc9b
In which war-era country was the Holocaust immortalized?
{ "tokens": [ "In", "which", "war", "-", "era", "country", "was", "the", "Holocaust", "immortalized", "?" ], "offsets": [ 0, 3, 9, 12, 13, 17, 25, 29, 33, 43, 55 ] }
{ "text": [ "Nazi Germany" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 55 ], "end": [ 66 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 10 ], "end": [ 11 ] } ] }
[ "Nazi Germany" ]
SQuAD
After the Holocaust, which had been perpetrated by the Nazi Germany and its allies prior to and during World War II, Lemkin successfully campaigned for the universal acceptance of international laws defining and forbidding genocides. In 1946, the first session of the United Nations General Assembly adopted a resolution that "affirmed" that genocide was a crime under international law, but did not provide a legal definition of the crime. In 1948, the UN General Assembly adopted the Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide (CPPCG) which defined the crime of genocide for the first time.
{ "tokens": [ "After", "the", "Holocaust", ",", "which", "had", "been", "perpetrated", "by", "the", "Nazi", "Germany", "and", "its", "allies", "prior", "to", "and", "during", "World", "War", "II", ",", "Lemkin", "successfully", "campaigned", "for", "the", "universal", "acceptance", "of", "international", "laws", "defining", "and", "forbidding", "genocides", ".", "In", "1946", ",", "the", "first", "session", "of", "the", "United", "Nations", "General", "Assembly", "adopted", "a", "resolution", "that", "\"", "affirmed", "\"", "that", "genocide", "was", "a", "crime", "under", "international", "law", ",", "but", "did", "not", "provide", "a", "legal", "definition", "of", "the", "crime", ".", "In", "1948", ",", "the", "UN", "General", "Assembly", "adopted", "the", "Convention", "on", "the", "Prevention", "and", "Punishment", "of", "the", "Crime", "of", "Genocide", "(", "CPPCG", ")", "which", "defined", "the", "crime", "of", "genocide", "for", "the", "first", "time", "." ], "offsets": [ 0, 6, 10, 19, 21, 27, 31, 36, 48, 51, 55, 60, 68, 72, 76, 83, 89, 92, 96, 103, 109, 113, 115, 117, 124, 137, 148, 152, 156, 166, 177, 180, 194, 199, 208, 212, 223, 232, 234, 237, 241, 243, 247, 253, 261, 264, 268, 275, 283, 291, 300, 308, 310, 321, 326, 327, 335, 337, 342, 351, 355, 357, 363, 369, 383, 386, 388, 392, 396, 400, 408, 410, 416, 427, 430, 434, 439, 441, 444, 448, 450, 454, 457, 465, 474, 482, 486, 497, 500, 504, 515, 519, 530, 533, 537, 543, 546, 555, 556, 561, 563, 569, 577, 581, 587, 590, 599, 603, 607, 613, 617 ] }
22850d7817404969bae87cfe710561f6
Following World War II, whose bid was successful in establishing the worldwide acceptance and the nascent legal definition of genocide?
{ "tokens": [ "Following", "World", "War", "II", ",", "whose", "bid", "was", "successful", "in", "establishing", "the", "worldwide", "acceptance", "and", "the", "nascent", "legal", "definition", "of", "genocide", "?" ], "offsets": [ 0, 10, 16, 20, 22, 24, 30, 34, 38, 49, 52, 65, 69, 79, 90, 94, 98, 106, 112, 123, 126, 134 ] }
{ "text": [ "Lemkin" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 117 ], "end": [ 122 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 23 ], "end": [ 23 ] } ] }
[ "Lemkin" ]
SQuAD
After the Holocaust, which had been perpetrated by the Nazi Germany and its allies prior to and during World War II, Lemkin successfully campaigned for the universal acceptance of international laws defining and forbidding genocides. In 1946, the first session of the United Nations General Assembly adopted a resolution that "affirmed" that genocide was a crime under international law, but did not provide a legal definition of the crime. In 1948, the UN General Assembly adopted the Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide (CPPCG) which defined the crime of genocide for the first time.
{ "tokens": [ "After", "the", "Holocaust", ",", "which", "had", "been", "perpetrated", "by", "the", "Nazi", "Germany", "and", "its", "allies", "prior", "to", "and", "during", "World", "War", "II", ",", "Lemkin", "successfully", "campaigned", "for", "the", "universal", "acceptance", "of", "international", "laws", "defining", "and", "forbidding", "genocides", ".", "In", "1946", ",", "the", "first", "session", "of", "the", "United", "Nations", "General", "Assembly", "adopted", "a", "resolution", "that", "\"", "affirmed", "\"", "that", "genocide", "was", "a", "crime", "under", "international", "law", ",", "but", "did", "not", "provide", "a", "legal", "definition", "of", "the", "crime", ".", "In", "1948", ",", "the", "UN", "General", "Assembly", "adopted", "the", "Convention", "on", "the", "Prevention", "and", "Punishment", "of", "the", "Crime", "of", "Genocide", "(", "CPPCG", ")", "which", "defined", "the", "crime", "of", "genocide", "for", "the", "first", "time", "." ], "offsets": [ 0, 6, 10, 19, 21, 27, 31, 36, 48, 51, 55, 60, 68, 72, 76, 83, 89, 92, 96, 103, 109, 113, 115, 117, 124, 137, 148, 152, 156, 166, 177, 180, 194, 199, 208, 212, 223, 232, 234, 237, 241, 243, 247, 253, 261, 264, 268, 275, 283, 291, 300, 308, 310, 321, 326, 327, 335, 337, 342, 351, 355, 357, 363, 369, 383, 386, 388, 392, 396, 400, 408, 410, 416, 427, 430, 434, 439, 441, 444, 448, 450, 454, 457, 465, 474, 482, 486, 497, 500, 504, 515, 519, 530, 533, 537, 543, 546, 555, 556, 561, 563, 569, 577, 581, 587, 590, 599, 603, 607, 613, 617 ] }
4f236d567b9444db876ab1a5982bdc65
Which group convened officially for the first time in 1946?
{ "tokens": [ "Which", "group", "convened", "officially", "for", "the", "first", "time", "in", "1946", "?" ], "offsets": [ 0, 6, 12, 21, 32, 36, 40, 46, 51, 54, 58 ] }
{ "text": [ "United Nations General Assembly" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 268 ], "end": [ 298 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 46 ], "end": [ 49 ] } ] }
[ "United Nations General Assembly" ]
SQuAD
After the Holocaust, which had been perpetrated by the Nazi Germany and its allies prior to and during World War II, Lemkin successfully campaigned for the universal acceptance of international laws defining and forbidding genocides. In 1946, the first session of the United Nations General Assembly adopted a resolution that "affirmed" that genocide was a crime under international law, but did not provide a legal definition of the crime. In 1948, the UN General Assembly adopted the Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide (CPPCG) which defined the crime of genocide for the first time.
{ "tokens": [ "After", "the", "Holocaust", ",", "which", "had", "been", "perpetrated", "by", "the", "Nazi", "Germany", "and", "its", "allies", "prior", "to", "and", "during", "World", "War", "II", ",", "Lemkin", "successfully", "campaigned", "for", "the", "universal", "acceptance", "of", "international", "laws", "defining", "and", "forbidding", "genocides", ".", "In", "1946", ",", "the", "first", "session", "of", "the", "United", "Nations", "General", "Assembly", "adopted", "a", "resolution", "that", "\"", "affirmed", "\"", "that", "genocide", "was", "a", "crime", "under", "international", "law", ",", "but", "did", "not", "provide", "a", "legal", "definition", "of", "the", "crime", ".", "In", "1948", ",", "the", "UN", "General", "Assembly", "adopted", "the", "Convention", "on", "the", "Prevention", "and", "Punishment", "of", "the", "Crime", "of", "Genocide", "(", "CPPCG", ")", "which", "defined", "the", "crime", "of", "genocide", "for", "the", "first", "time", "." ], "offsets": [ 0, 6, 10, 19, 21, 27, 31, 36, 48, 51, 55, 60, 68, 72, 76, 83, 89, 92, 96, 103, 109, 113, 115, 117, 124, 137, 148, 152, 156, 166, 177, 180, 194, 199, 208, 212, 223, 232, 234, 237, 241, 243, 247, 253, 261, 264, 268, 275, 283, 291, 300, 308, 310, 321, 326, 327, 335, 337, 342, 351, 355, 357, 363, 369, 383, 386, 388, 392, 396, 400, 408, 410, 416, 427, 430, 434, 439, 441, 444, 448, 450, 454, 457, 465, 474, 482, 486, 497, 500, 504, 515, 519, 530, 533, 537, 543, 546, 555, 556, 561, 563, 569, 577, 581, 587, 590, 599, 603, 607, 613, 617 ] }
2dd34a86f2ba49ee9c0b465963775161
While recognizing genocide, what did the UN General Assembly fail to do in its resolution?
{ "tokens": [ "While", "recognizing", "genocide", ",", "what", "did", "the", "UN", "General", "Assembly", "fail", "to", "do", "in", "its", "resolution", "?" ], "offsets": [ 0, 6, 18, 26, 28, 33, 37, 41, 44, 52, 61, 66, 69, 72, 75, 79, 89 ] }
{ "text": [ "provide a legal definition of the crime" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 400 ], "end": [ 438 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 69 ], "end": [ 75 ] } ] }
[ "provide a legal definition of the crime" ]
SQuAD
The Homestead Act of 1862 provided free land to settlers who could claim and "prove-up" 160 acres (0.65 km2) of federal land in the midwest and western United States. Montana did not see a large influx of immigrants from this act because 160 acres was usually insufficient to support a family in the arid territory. The first homestead claim under the act in Montana was made by David Carpenter near Helena in 1868. The first claim by a woman was made near Warm Springs Creek by Miss Gwenllian Evans, the daughter of Deer Lodge Montana Pioneer, Morgan Evans. By 1880, there were farms in the more verdant valleys of central and western Montana, but few on the eastern plains.
{ "tokens": [ "The", "Homestead", "Act", "of", "1862", "provided", "free", "land", "to", "settlers", "who", "could", "claim", "and", "\"", "prove", "-", "up", "\"", "160", "acres", "(", "0.65", "km2", ")", "of", "federal", "land", "in", "the", "midwest", "and", "western", "United", "States", ".", "Montana", "did", "not", "see", "a", "large", "influx", "of", "immigrants", "from", "this", "act", "because", "160", "acres", "was", "usually", "insufficient", "to", "support", "a", "family", "in", "the", "arid", "territory", ".", "The", "first", "homestead", "claim", "under", "the", "act", "in", "Montana", "was", "made", "by", "David", "Carpenter", "near", "Helena", "in", "1868", ".", "The", "first", "claim", "by", "a", "woman", "was", "made", "near", "Warm", "Springs", "Creek", "by", "Miss", "Gwenllian", "Evans", ",", "the", "daughter", "of", "Deer", "Lodge", "Montana", "Pioneer", ",", "Morgan", "Evans", ".", "By", "1880", ",", "there", "were", "farms", "in", "the", "more", "verdant", "valleys", "of", "central", "and", "western", "Montana", ",", "but", "few", "on", "the", "eastern", "plains", "." ], "offsets": [ 0, 4, 14, 18, 21, 26, 35, 40, 45, 48, 57, 61, 67, 73, 77, 78, 83, 84, 86, 88, 92, 98, 99, 104, 107, 109, 112, 120, 125, 128, 132, 140, 144, 152, 159, 165, 167, 175, 179, 183, 187, 189, 195, 202, 205, 216, 221, 226, 230, 238, 242, 248, 252, 260, 273, 276, 284, 286, 293, 296, 300, 305, 314, 316, 320, 326, 336, 342, 348, 352, 356, 359, 367, 371, 376, 379, 385, 395, 400, 407, 410, 414, 416, 420, 426, 432, 435, 437, 443, 447, 452, 457, 462, 470, 476, 479, 484, 494, 499, 501, 505, 514, 517, 522, 528, 536, 543, 545, 552, 557, 559, 562, 566, 568, 574, 579, 585, 588, 592, 597, 605, 613, 616, 624, 628, 636, 643, 645, 649, 653, 656, 660, 668, 674 ] }
87cdff1c1ae1406d976688efb21a5ae1
What year did the Homestead Act provide land to settlers?
{ "tokens": [ "What", "year", "did", "the", "Homestead", "Act", "provide", "land", "to", "settlers", "?" ], "offsets": [ 0, 5, 10, 14, 18, 28, 32, 40, 45, 48, 56 ] }
{ "text": [ "1862" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 21 ], "end": [ 24 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 4 ], "end": [ 4 ] } ] }
[ "1862" ]
SQuAD
The Homestead Act of 1862 provided free land to settlers who could claim and "prove-up" 160 acres (0.65 km2) of federal land in the midwest and western United States. Montana did not see a large influx of immigrants from this act because 160 acres was usually insufficient to support a family in the arid territory. The first homestead claim under the act in Montana was made by David Carpenter near Helena in 1868. The first claim by a woman was made near Warm Springs Creek by Miss Gwenllian Evans, the daughter of Deer Lodge Montana Pioneer, Morgan Evans. By 1880, there were farms in the more verdant valleys of central and western Montana, but few on the eastern plains.
{ "tokens": [ "The", "Homestead", "Act", "of", "1862", "provided", "free", "land", "to", "settlers", "who", "could", "claim", "and", "\"", "prove", "-", "up", "\"", "160", "acres", "(", "0.65", "km2", ")", "of", "federal", "land", "in", "the", "midwest", "and", "western", "United", "States", ".", "Montana", "did", "not", "see", "a", "large", "influx", "of", "immigrants", "from", "this", "act", "because", "160", "acres", "was", "usually", "insufficient", "to", "support", "a", "family", "in", "the", "arid", "territory", ".", "The", "first", "homestead", "claim", "under", "the", "act", "in", "Montana", "was", "made", "by", "David", "Carpenter", "near", "Helena", "in", "1868", ".", "The", "first", "claim", "by", "a", "woman", "was", "made", "near", "Warm", "Springs", "Creek", "by", "Miss", "Gwenllian", "Evans", ",", "the", "daughter", "of", "Deer", "Lodge", "Montana", "Pioneer", ",", "Morgan", "Evans", ".", "By", "1880", ",", "there", "were", "farms", "in", "the", "more", "verdant", "valleys", "of", "central", "and", "western", "Montana", ",", "but", "few", "on", "the", "eastern", "plains", "." ], "offsets": [ 0, 4, 14, 18, 21, 26, 35, 40, 45, 48, 57, 61, 67, 73, 77, 78, 83, 84, 86, 88, 92, 98, 99, 104, 107, 109, 112, 120, 125, 128, 132, 140, 144, 152, 159, 165, 167, 175, 179, 183, 187, 189, 195, 202, 205, 216, 221, 226, 230, 238, 242, 248, 252, 260, 273, 276, 284, 286, 293, 296, 300, 305, 314, 316, 320, 326, 336, 342, 348, 352, 356, 359, 367, 371, 376, 379, 385, 395, 400, 407, 410, 414, 416, 420, 426, 432, 435, 437, 443, 447, 452, 457, 462, 470, 476, 479, 484, 494, 499, 501, 505, 514, 517, 522, 528, 536, 543, 545, 552, 557, 559, 562, 566, 568, 574, 579, 585, 588, 592, 597, 605, 613, 616, 624, 628, 636, 643, 645, 649, 653, 656, 660, 668, 674 ] }
f56473a4905841b48374d3ee54146cdc
How much land did the Homestead Act allow?
{ "tokens": [ "How", "much", "land", "did", "the", "Homestead", "Act", "allow", "?" ], "offsets": [ 0, 4, 9, 14, 18, 22, 32, 36, 41 ] }
{ "text": [ "160 acres" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 88 ], "end": [ 96 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 19 ], "end": [ 20 ] } ] }
[ "160 acres" ]
SQuAD
The Homestead Act of 1862 provided free land to settlers who could claim and "prove-up" 160 acres (0.65 km2) of federal land in the midwest and western United States. Montana did not see a large influx of immigrants from this act because 160 acres was usually insufficient to support a family in the arid territory. The first homestead claim under the act in Montana was made by David Carpenter near Helena in 1868. The first claim by a woman was made near Warm Springs Creek by Miss Gwenllian Evans, the daughter of Deer Lodge Montana Pioneer, Morgan Evans. By 1880, there were farms in the more verdant valleys of central and western Montana, but few on the eastern plains.
{ "tokens": [ "The", "Homestead", "Act", "of", "1862", "provided", "free", "land", "to", "settlers", "who", "could", "claim", "and", "\"", "prove", "-", "up", "\"", "160", "acres", "(", "0.65", "km2", ")", "of", "federal", "land", "in", "the", "midwest", "and", "western", "United", "States", ".", "Montana", "did", "not", "see", "a", "large", "influx", "of", "immigrants", "from", "this", "act", "because", "160", "acres", "was", "usually", "insufficient", "to", "support", "a", "family", "in", "the", "arid", "territory", ".", "The", "first", "homestead", "claim", "under", "the", "act", "in", "Montana", "was", "made", "by", "David", "Carpenter", "near", "Helena", "in", "1868", ".", "The", "first", "claim", "by", "a", "woman", "was", "made", "near", "Warm", "Springs", "Creek", "by", "Miss", "Gwenllian", "Evans", ",", "the", "daughter", "of", "Deer", "Lodge", "Montana", "Pioneer", ",", "Morgan", "Evans", ".", "By", "1880", ",", "there", "were", "farms", "in", "the", "more", "verdant", "valleys", "of", "central", "and", "western", "Montana", ",", "but", "few", "on", "the", "eastern", "plains", "." ], "offsets": [ 0, 4, 14, 18, 21, 26, 35, 40, 45, 48, 57, 61, 67, 73, 77, 78, 83, 84, 86, 88, 92, 98, 99, 104, 107, 109, 112, 120, 125, 128, 132, 140, 144, 152, 159, 165, 167, 175, 179, 183, 187, 189, 195, 202, 205, 216, 221, 226, 230, 238, 242, 248, 252, 260, 273, 276, 284, 286, 293, 296, 300, 305, 314, 316, 320, 326, 336, 342, 348, 352, 356, 359, 367, 371, 376, 379, 385, 395, 400, 407, 410, 414, 416, 420, 426, 432, 435, 437, 443, 447, 452, 457, 462, 470, 476, 479, 484, 494, 499, 501, 505, 514, 517, 522, 528, 536, 543, 545, 552, 557, 559, 562, 566, 568, 574, 579, 585, 588, 592, 597, 605, 613, 616, 624, 628, 636, 643, 645, 649, 653, 656, 660, 668, 674 ] }
01f2716c43be4ea18e17819e157546e2
What year was the first homestead claim claimed?
{ "tokens": [ "What", "year", "was", "the", "first", "homestead", "claim", "claimed", "?" ], "offsets": [ 0, 5, 10, 14, 18, 24, 34, 40, 47 ] }
{ "text": [ "1868" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 410 ], "end": [ 413 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 80 ], "end": [ 80 ] } ] }
[ "1868" ]
SQuAD
Approximately 66,000 people of Native American heritage live in Montana. Stemming from multiple treaties and federal legislation, including the Indian Appropriations Act (1851), the Dawes Act (1887), and the Indian Reorganization Act (1934), seven Indian reservations, encompassing eleven tribal nations, were created in Montana. A twelfth nation, the Little Shell Chippewa is a "landless" people headquartered in Great Falls, recognized by the state of Montana but not by the U.S. Government. The Blackfeet nation is headquartered on the Blackfeet Indian Reservation (1851) in Browning, Crow on the Crow Indian Reservation (1851) in Crow Agency, Confederated Salish and Kootenai and Pend d'Oreille on the Flathead Indian Reservation (1855) in Pablo, Northern Cheyenne on the Northern Cheyenne Indian Reservation (1884) at Lame Deer, Assiniboine and Gros Ventre on the Fort Belknap Indian Reservation (1888) in Fort Belknap Agency, Assiniboine and Sioux on the Fort Peck Indian Reservation (1888) at Poplar, and Chippewa-Cree on the Rocky Boy's Indian Reservation (1916) near Box Elder. Approximately 63% of all Native people live off the reservations, concentrated in the larger Montana cities with the largest concentration of urban Indians in Great Falls. The state also has a small Métis population, and 1990 census data indicated that people from as many as 275 different tribes lived in Montana.
{ "tokens": [ "Approximately", "66,000", "people", "of", "Native", "American", "heritage", "live", "in", "Montana", ".", "Stemming", "from", "multiple", "treaties", "and", "federal", "legislation", ",", "including", "the", "Indian", "Appropriations", "Act", "(", "1851", ")", ",", "the", "Dawes", "Act", "(", "1887", ")", ",", "and", "the", "Indian", "Reorganization", "Act", "(", "1934", ")", ",", "seven", "Indian", "reservations", ",", "encompassing", "eleven", "tribal", "nations", ",", "were", "created", "in", "Montana", ".", "A", "twelfth", "nation", ",", "the", "Little", "Shell", "Chippewa", "is", "a", "\"", "landless", "\"", "people", "headquartered", "in", "Great", "Falls", ",", "recognized", "by", "the", "state", "of", "Montana", "but", "not", "by", "the", "U.S.", "Government", ".", "The", "Blackfeet", "nation", "is", "headquartered", "on", "the", "Blackfeet", "Indian", "Reservation", "(", "1851", ")", "in", "Browning", ",", "Crow", "on", "the", "Crow", "Indian", "Reservation", "(", "1851", ")", "in", "Crow", "Agency", ",", "Confederated", "Salish", "and", "Kootenai", "and", "Pend", "d'Oreille", "on", "the", "Flathead", "Indian", "Reservation", "(", "1855", ")", "in", "Pablo", ",", "Northern", "Cheyenne", "on", "the", "Northern", "Cheyenne", "Indian", "Reservation", "(", "1884", ")", "at", "Lame", "Deer", ",", "Assiniboine", "and", "Gros", "Ventre", "on", "the", "Fort", "Belknap", "Indian", "Reservation", "(", "1888", ")", "in", "Fort", "Belknap", "Agency", ",", "Assiniboine", "and", "Sioux", "on", "the", "Fort", "Peck", "Indian", "Reservation", "(", "1888", ")", "at", "Poplar", ",", "and", "Chippewa", "-", "Cree", "on", "the", "Rocky", "Boy", "'s", "Indian", "Reservation", "(", "1916", ")", "near", "Box", "Elder", ".", "Approximately", "63", "%", "of", "all", "Native", "people", "live", "off", "the", "reservations", ",", "concentrated", "in", "the", "larger", "Montana", "cities", "with", "the", "largest", "concentration", "of", "urban", "Indians", "in", "Great", "Falls", ".", "The", "state", "also", "has", "a", "small", "Métis", "population", ",", "and", "1990", "census", "data", "indicated", "that", "people", "from", "as", "many", "as", "275", "different", "tribes", "lived", "in", "Montana", "." ], "offsets": [ 0, 14, 21, 28, 31, 38, 47, 56, 61, 64, 71, 73, 82, 87, 96, 105, 109, 117, 128, 130, 140, 144, 151, 166, 170, 171, 175, 176, 178, 182, 188, 192, 193, 197, 198, 200, 204, 208, 215, 230, 234, 235, 239, 240, 242, 248, 255, 267, 269, 282, 289, 296, 303, 305, 310, 318, 321, 328, 330, 332, 340, 346, 348, 352, 359, 365, 374, 377, 379, 380, 388, 390, 397, 411, 414, 420, 425, 427, 438, 441, 445, 451, 454, 462, 466, 470, 473, 477, 482, 492, 494, 498, 508, 515, 518, 532, 535, 539, 549, 556, 568, 569, 573, 575, 578, 586, 588, 593, 596, 600, 605, 612, 624, 625, 629, 631, 634, 639, 645, 647, 660, 667, 671, 680, 684, 689, 699, 702, 706, 715, 722, 734, 735, 739, 741, 744, 749, 751, 760, 769, 772, 776, 785, 794, 801, 813, 814, 818, 820, 823, 828, 832, 834, 846, 850, 855, 862, 865, 869, 874, 882, 889, 901, 902, 906, 908, 911, 916, 924, 930, 932, 944, 948, 954, 957, 961, 966, 971, 978, 990, 991, 995, 997, 1000, 1006, 1008, 1012, 1020, 1021, 1026, 1029, 1033, 1039, 1042, 1045, 1052, 1064, 1065, 1069, 1071, 1076, 1080, 1085, 1087, 1101, 1103, 1105, 1108, 1112, 1119, 1126, 1131, 1135, 1139, 1151, 1153, 1166, 1169, 1173, 1180, 1188, 1195, 1200, 1204, 1212, 1226, 1229, 1235, 1243, 1246, 1252, 1257, 1259, 1263, 1269, 1274, 1278, 1280, 1286, 1292, 1302, 1304, 1308, 1313, 1320, 1325, 1335, 1340, 1347, 1352, 1355, 1360, 1363, 1367, 1377, 1384, 1390, 1393, 1400 ] }
60da99ea87994d97b55ed869c1f1ee62
About how many Native Americans live in Montana?
{ "tokens": [ "About", "how", "many", "Native", "Americans", "live", "in", "Montana", "?" ], "offsets": [ 0, 6, 10, 15, 22, 32, 37, 40, 47 ] }
{ "text": [ "Approximately 66,000" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 0 ], "end": [ 19 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 0 ], "end": [ 1 ] } ] }
[ "Approximately 66,000" ]
SQuAD
Approximately 66,000 people of Native American heritage live in Montana. Stemming from multiple treaties and federal legislation, including the Indian Appropriations Act (1851), the Dawes Act (1887), and the Indian Reorganization Act (1934), seven Indian reservations, encompassing eleven tribal nations, were created in Montana. A twelfth nation, the Little Shell Chippewa is a "landless" people headquartered in Great Falls, recognized by the state of Montana but not by the U.S. Government. The Blackfeet nation is headquartered on the Blackfeet Indian Reservation (1851) in Browning, Crow on the Crow Indian Reservation (1851) in Crow Agency, Confederated Salish and Kootenai and Pend d'Oreille on the Flathead Indian Reservation (1855) in Pablo, Northern Cheyenne on the Northern Cheyenne Indian Reservation (1884) at Lame Deer, Assiniboine and Gros Ventre on the Fort Belknap Indian Reservation (1888) in Fort Belknap Agency, Assiniboine and Sioux on the Fort Peck Indian Reservation (1888) at Poplar, and Chippewa-Cree on the Rocky Boy's Indian Reservation (1916) near Box Elder. Approximately 63% of all Native people live off the reservations, concentrated in the larger Montana cities with the largest concentration of urban Indians in Great Falls. The state also has a small Métis population, and 1990 census data indicated that people from as many as 275 different tribes lived in Montana.
{ "tokens": [ "Approximately", "66,000", "people", "of", "Native", "American", "heritage", "live", "in", "Montana", ".", "Stemming", "from", "multiple", "treaties", "and", "federal", "legislation", ",", "including", "the", "Indian", "Appropriations", "Act", "(", "1851", ")", ",", "the", "Dawes", "Act", "(", "1887", ")", ",", "and", "the", "Indian", "Reorganization", "Act", "(", "1934", ")", ",", "seven", "Indian", "reservations", ",", "encompassing", "eleven", "tribal", "nations", ",", "were", "created", "in", "Montana", ".", "A", "twelfth", "nation", ",", "the", "Little", "Shell", "Chippewa", "is", "a", "\"", "landless", "\"", "people", "headquartered", "in", "Great", "Falls", ",", "recognized", "by", "the", "state", "of", "Montana", "but", "not", "by", "the", "U.S.", "Government", ".", "The", "Blackfeet", "nation", "is", "headquartered", "on", "the", "Blackfeet", "Indian", "Reservation", "(", "1851", ")", "in", "Browning", ",", "Crow", "on", "the", "Crow", "Indian", "Reservation", "(", "1851", ")", "in", "Crow", "Agency", ",", "Confederated", "Salish", "and", "Kootenai", "and", "Pend", "d'Oreille", "on", "the", "Flathead", "Indian", "Reservation", "(", "1855", ")", "in", "Pablo", ",", "Northern", "Cheyenne", "on", "the", "Northern", "Cheyenne", "Indian", "Reservation", "(", "1884", ")", "at", "Lame", "Deer", ",", "Assiniboine", "and", "Gros", "Ventre", "on", "the", "Fort", "Belknap", "Indian", "Reservation", "(", "1888", ")", "in", "Fort", "Belknap", "Agency", ",", "Assiniboine", "and", "Sioux", "on", "the", "Fort", "Peck", "Indian", "Reservation", "(", "1888", ")", "at", "Poplar", ",", "and", "Chippewa", "-", "Cree", "on", "the", "Rocky", "Boy", "'s", "Indian", "Reservation", "(", "1916", ")", "near", "Box", "Elder", ".", "Approximately", "63", "%", "of", "all", "Native", "people", "live", "off", "the", "reservations", ",", "concentrated", "in", "the", "larger", "Montana", "cities", "with", "the", "largest", "concentration", "of", "urban", "Indians", "in", "Great", "Falls", ".", "The", "state", "also", "has", "a", "small", "Métis", "population", ",", "and", "1990", "census", "data", "indicated", "that", "people", "from", "as", "many", "as", "275", "different", "tribes", "lived", "in", "Montana", "." ], "offsets": [ 0, 14, 21, 28, 31, 38, 47, 56, 61, 64, 71, 73, 82, 87, 96, 105, 109, 117, 128, 130, 140, 144, 151, 166, 170, 171, 175, 176, 178, 182, 188, 192, 193, 197, 198, 200, 204, 208, 215, 230, 234, 235, 239, 240, 242, 248, 255, 267, 269, 282, 289, 296, 303, 305, 310, 318, 321, 328, 330, 332, 340, 346, 348, 352, 359, 365, 374, 377, 379, 380, 388, 390, 397, 411, 414, 420, 425, 427, 438, 441, 445, 451, 454, 462, 466, 470, 473, 477, 482, 492, 494, 498, 508, 515, 518, 532, 535, 539, 549, 556, 568, 569, 573, 575, 578, 586, 588, 593, 596, 600, 605, 612, 624, 625, 629, 631, 634, 639, 645, 647, 660, 667, 671, 680, 684, 689, 699, 702, 706, 715, 722, 734, 735, 739, 741, 744, 749, 751, 760, 769, 772, 776, 785, 794, 801, 813, 814, 818, 820, 823, 828, 832, 834, 846, 850, 855, 862, 865, 869, 874, 882, 889, 901, 902, 906, 908, 911, 916, 924, 930, 932, 944, 948, 954, 957, 961, 966, 971, 978, 990, 991, 995, 997, 1000, 1006, 1008, 1012, 1020, 1021, 1026, 1029, 1033, 1039, 1042, 1045, 1052, 1064, 1065, 1069, 1071, 1076, 1080, 1085, 1087, 1101, 1103, 1105, 1108, 1112, 1119, 1126, 1131, 1135, 1139, 1151, 1153, 1166, 1169, 1173, 1180, 1188, 1195, 1200, 1204, 1212, 1226, 1229, 1235, 1243, 1246, 1252, 1257, 1259, 1263, 1269, 1274, 1278, 1280, 1286, 1292, 1302, 1304, 1308, 1313, 1320, 1325, 1335, 1340, 1347, 1352, 1355, 1360, 1363, 1367, 1377, 1384, 1390, 1393, 1400 ] }
03a85a21826c4b2dad4fe147b2c2fc78
When was the Indian Appropriations Act passed?
{ "tokens": [ "When", "was", "the", "Indian", "Appropriations", "Act", "passed", "?" ], "offsets": [ 0, 5, 9, 13, 20, 35, 39, 45 ] }
{ "text": [ "1851" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 171 ], "end": [ 174 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 25 ], "end": [ 25 ] } ] }
[ "1851" ]
SQuAD
Approximately 66,000 people of Native American heritage live in Montana. Stemming from multiple treaties and federal legislation, including the Indian Appropriations Act (1851), the Dawes Act (1887), and the Indian Reorganization Act (1934), seven Indian reservations, encompassing eleven tribal nations, were created in Montana. A twelfth nation, the Little Shell Chippewa is a "landless" people headquartered in Great Falls, recognized by the state of Montana but not by the U.S. Government. The Blackfeet nation is headquartered on the Blackfeet Indian Reservation (1851) in Browning, Crow on the Crow Indian Reservation (1851) in Crow Agency, Confederated Salish and Kootenai and Pend d'Oreille on the Flathead Indian Reservation (1855) in Pablo, Northern Cheyenne on the Northern Cheyenne Indian Reservation (1884) at Lame Deer, Assiniboine and Gros Ventre on the Fort Belknap Indian Reservation (1888) in Fort Belknap Agency, Assiniboine and Sioux on the Fort Peck Indian Reservation (1888) at Poplar, and Chippewa-Cree on the Rocky Boy's Indian Reservation (1916) near Box Elder. Approximately 63% of all Native people live off the reservations, concentrated in the larger Montana cities with the largest concentration of urban Indians in Great Falls. The state also has a small Métis population, and 1990 census data indicated that people from as many as 275 different tribes lived in Montana.
{ "tokens": [ "Approximately", "66,000", "people", "of", "Native", "American", "heritage", "live", "in", "Montana", ".", "Stemming", "from", "multiple", "treaties", "and", "federal", "legislation", ",", "including", "the", "Indian", "Appropriations", "Act", "(", "1851", ")", ",", "the", "Dawes", "Act", "(", "1887", ")", ",", "and", "the", "Indian", "Reorganization", "Act", "(", "1934", ")", ",", "seven", "Indian", "reservations", ",", "encompassing", "eleven", "tribal", "nations", ",", "were", "created", "in", "Montana", ".", "A", "twelfth", "nation", ",", "the", "Little", "Shell", "Chippewa", "is", "a", "\"", "landless", "\"", "people", "headquartered", "in", "Great", "Falls", ",", "recognized", "by", "the", "state", "of", "Montana", "but", "not", "by", "the", "U.S.", "Government", ".", "The", "Blackfeet", "nation", "is", "headquartered", "on", "the", "Blackfeet", "Indian", "Reservation", "(", "1851", ")", "in", "Browning", ",", "Crow", "on", "the", "Crow", "Indian", "Reservation", "(", "1851", ")", "in", "Crow", "Agency", ",", "Confederated", "Salish", "and", "Kootenai", "and", "Pend", "d'Oreille", "on", "the", "Flathead", "Indian", "Reservation", "(", "1855", ")", "in", "Pablo", ",", "Northern", "Cheyenne", "on", "the", "Northern", "Cheyenne", "Indian", "Reservation", "(", "1884", ")", "at", "Lame", "Deer", ",", "Assiniboine", "and", "Gros", "Ventre", "on", "the", "Fort", "Belknap", "Indian", "Reservation", "(", "1888", ")", "in", "Fort", "Belknap", "Agency", ",", "Assiniboine", "and", "Sioux", "on", "the", "Fort", "Peck", "Indian", "Reservation", "(", "1888", ")", "at", "Poplar", ",", "and", "Chippewa", "-", "Cree", "on", "the", "Rocky", "Boy", "'s", "Indian", "Reservation", "(", "1916", ")", "near", "Box", "Elder", ".", "Approximately", "63", "%", "of", "all", "Native", "people", "live", "off", "the", "reservations", ",", "concentrated", "in", "the", "larger", "Montana", "cities", "with", "the", "largest", "concentration", "of", "urban", "Indians", "in", "Great", "Falls", ".", "The", "state", "also", "has", "a", "small", "Métis", "population", ",", "and", "1990", "census", "data", "indicated", "that", "people", "from", "as", "many", "as", "275", "different", "tribes", "lived", "in", "Montana", "." ], "offsets": [ 0, 14, 21, 28, 31, 38, 47, 56, 61, 64, 71, 73, 82, 87, 96, 105, 109, 117, 128, 130, 140, 144, 151, 166, 170, 171, 175, 176, 178, 182, 188, 192, 193, 197, 198, 200, 204, 208, 215, 230, 234, 235, 239, 240, 242, 248, 255, 267, 269, 282, 289, 296, 303, 305, 310, 318, 321, 328, 330, 332, 340, 346, 348, 352, 359, 365, 374, 377, 379, 380, 388, 390, 397, 411, 414, 420, 425, 427, 438, 441, 445, 451, 454, 462, 466, 470, 473, 477, 482, 492, 494, 498, 508, 515, 518, 532, 535, 539, 549, 556, 568, 569, 573, 575, 578, 586, 588, 593, 596, 600, 605, 612, 624, 625, 629, 631, 634, 639, 645, 647, 660, 667, 671, 680, 684, 689, 699, 702, 706, 715, 722, 734, 735, 739, 741, 744, 749, 751, 760, 769, 772, 776, 785, 794, 801, 813, 814, 818, 820, 823, 828, 832, 834, 846, 850, 855, 862, 865, 869, 874, 882, 889, 901, 902, 906, 908, 911, 916, 924, 930, 932, 944, 948, 954, 957, 961, 966, 971, 978, 990, 991, 995, 997, 1000, 1006, 1008, 1012, 1020, 1021, 1026, 1029, 1033, 1039, 1042, 1045, 1052, 1064, 1065, 1069, 1071, 1076, 1080, 1085, 1087, 1101, 1103, 1105, 1108, 1112, 1119, 1126, 1131, 1135, 1139, 1151, 1153, 1166, 1169, 1173, 1180, 1188, 1195, 1200, 1204, 1212, 1226, 1229, 1235, 1243, 1246, 1252, 1257, 1259, 1263, 1269, 1274, 1278, 1280, 1286, 1292, 1302, 1304, 1308, 1313, 1320, 1325, 1335, 1340, 1347, 1352, 1355, 1360, 1363, 1367, 1377, 1384, 1390, 1393, 1400 ] }
70c8533f8ad84a06a7dd91b27527af7f
What year was the Dawes act passed?
{ "tokens": [ "What", "year", "was", "the", "Dawes", "act", "passed", "?" ], "offsets": [ 0, 5, 10, 14, 18, 24, 28, 34 ] }
{ "text": [ "1887" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 193 ], "end": [ 196 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 32 ], "end": [ 32 ] } ] }
[ "1887" ]
SQuAD
Approximately 66,000 people of Native American heritage live in Montana. Stemming from multiple treaties and federal legislation, including the Indian Appropriations Act (1851), the Dawes Act (1887), and the Indian Reorganization Act (1934), seven Indian reservations, encompassing eleven tribal nations, were created in Montana. A twelfth nation, the Little Shell Chippewa is a "landless" people headquartered in Great Falls, recognized by the state of Montana but not by the U.S. Government. The Blackfeet nation is headquartered on the Blackfeet Indian Reservation (1851) in Browning, Crow on the Crow Indian Reservation (1851) in Crow Agency, Confederated Salish and Kootenai and Pend d'Oreille on the Flathead Indian Reservation (1855) in Pablo, Northern Cheyenne on the Northern Cheyenne Indian Reservation (1884) at Lame Deer, Assiniboine and Gros Ventre on the Fort Belknap Indian Reservation (1888) in Fort Belknap Agency, Assiniboine and Sioux on the Fort Peck Indian Reservation (1888) at Poplar, and Chippewa-Cree on the Rocky Boy's Indian Reservation (1916) near Box Elder. Approximately 63% of all Native people live off the reservations, concentrated in the larger Montana cities with the largest concentration of urban Indians in Great Falls. The state also has a small Métis population, and 1990 census data indicated that people from as many as 275 different tribes lived in Montana.
{ "tokens": [ "Approximately", "66,000", "people", "of", "Native", "American", "heritage", "live", "in", "Montana", ".", "Stemming", "from", "multiple", "treaties", "and", "federal", "legislation", ",", "including", "the", "Indian", "Appropriations", "Act", "(", "1851", ")", ",", "the", "Dawes", "Act", "(", "1887", ")", ",", "and", "the", "Indian", "Reorganization", "Act", "(", "1934", ")", ",", "seven", "Indian", "reservations", ",", "encompassing", "eleven", "tribal", "nations", ",", "were", "created", "in", "Montana", ".", "A", "twelfth", "nation", ",", "the", "Little", "Shell", "Chippewa", "is", "a", "\"", "landless", "\"", "people", "headquartered", "in", "Great", "Falls", ",", "recognized", "by", "the", "state", "of", "Montana", "but", "not", "by", "the", "U.S.", "Government", ".", "The", "Blackfeet", "nation", "is", "headquartered", "on", "the", "Blackfeet", "Indian", "Reservation", "(", "1851", ")", "in", "Browning", ",", "Crow", "on", "the", "Crow", "Indian", "Reservation", "(", "1851", ")", "in", "Crow", "Agency", ",", "Confederated", "Salish", "and", "Kootenai", "and", "Pend", "d'Oreille", "on", "the", "Flathead", "Indian", "Reservation", "(", "1855", ")", "in", "Pablo", ",", "Northern", "Cheyenne", "on", "the", "Northern", "Cheyenne", "Indian", "Reservation", "(", "1884", ")", "at", "Lame", "Deer", ",", "Assiniboine", "and", "Gros", "Ventre", "on", "the", "Fort", "Belknap", "Indian", "Reservation", "(", "1888", ")", "in", "Fort", "Belknap", "Agency", ",", "Assiniboine", "and", "Sioux", "on", "the", "Fort", "Peck", "Indian", "Reservation", "(", "1888", ")", "at", "Poplar", ",", "and", "Chippewa", "-", "Cree", "on", "the", "Rocky", "Boy", "'s", "Indian", "Reservation", "(", "1916", ")", "near", "Box", "Elder", ".", "Approximately", "63", "%", "of", "all", "Native", "people", "live", "off", "the", "reservations", ",", "concentrated", "in", "the", "larger", "Montana", "cities", "with", "the", "largest", "concentration", "of", "urban", "Indians", "in", "Great", "Falls", ".", "The", "state", "also", "has", "a", "small", "Métis", "population", ",", "and", "1990", "census", "data", "indicated", "that", "people", "from", "as", "many", "as", "275", "different", "tribes", "lived", "in", "Montana", "." ], "offsets": [ 0, 14, 21, 28, 31, 38, 47, 56, 61, 64, 71, 73, 82, 87, 96, 105, 109, 117, 128, 130, 140, 144, 151, 166, 170, 171, 175, 176, 178, 182, 188, 192, 193, 197, 198, 200, 204, 208, 215, 230, 234, 235, 239, 240, 242, 248, 255, 267, 269, 282, 289, 296, 303, 305, 310, 318, 321, 328, 330, 332, 340, 346, 348, 352, 359, 365, 374, 377, 379, 380, 388, 390, 397, 411, 414, 420, 425, 427, 438, 441, 445, 451, 454, 462, 466, 470, 473, 477, 482, 492, 494, 498, 508, 515, 518, 532, 535, 539, 549, 556, 568, 569, 573, 575, 578, 586, 588, 593, 596, 600, 605, 612, 624, 625, 629, 631, 634, 639, 645, 647, 660, 667, 671, 680, 684, 689, 699, 702, 706, 715, 722, 734, 735, 739, 741, 744, 749, 751, 760, 769, 772, 776, 785, 794, 801, 813, 814, 818, 820, 823, 828, 832, 834, 846, 850, 855, 862, 865, 869, 874, 882, 889, 901, 902, 906, 908, 911, 916, 924, 930, 932, 944, 948, 954, 957, 961, 966, 971, 978, 990, 991, 995, 997, 1000, 1006, 1008, 1012, 1020, 1021, 1026, 1029, 1033, 1039, 1042, 1045, 1052, 1064, 1065, 1069, 1071, 1076, 1080, 1085, 1087, 1101, 1103, 1105, 1108, 1112, 1119, 1126, 1131, 1135, 1139, 1151, 1153, 1166, 1169, 1173, 1180, 1188, 1195, 1200, 1204, 1212, 1226, 1229, 1235, 1243, 1246, 1252, 1257, 1259, 1263, 1269, 1274, 1278, 1280, 1286, 1292, 1302, 1304, 1308, 1313, 1320, 1325, 1335, 1340, 1347, 1352, 1355, 1360, 1363, 1367, 1377, 1384, 1390, 1393, 1400 ] }
9d852b1be9674ee8bba0955fda810187
Where are the Little Shell Chippewa headquartered?
{ "tokens": [ "Where", "are", "the", "Little", "Shell", "Chippewa", "headquartered", "?" ], "offsets": [ 0, 6, 10, 14, 21, 27, 36, 49 ] }
{ "text": [ "Great Falls" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 414 ], "end": [ 424 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 74 ], "end": [ 75 ] } ] }
[ "Great Falls" ]
SQuAD
Approximately 66,000 people of Native American heritage live in Montana. Stemming from multiple treaties and federal legislation, including the Indian Appropriations Act (1851), the Dawes Act (1887), and the Indian Reorganization Act (1934), seven Indian reservations, encompassing eleven tribal nations, were created in Montana. A twelfth nation, the Little Shell Chippewa is a "landless" people headquartered in Great Falls, recognized by the state of Montana but not by the U.S. Government. The Blackfeet nation is headquartered on the Blackfeet Indian Reservation (1851) in Browning, Crow on the Crow Indian Reservation (1851) in Crow Agency, Confederated Salish and Kootenai and Pend d'Oreille on the Flathead Indian Reservation (1855) in Pablo, Northern Cheyenne on the Northern Cheyenne Indian Reservation (1884) at Lame Deer, Assiniboine and Gros Ventre on the Fort Belknap Indian Reservation (1888) in Fort Belknap Agency, Assiniboine and Sioux on the Fort Peck Indian Reservation (1888) at Poplar, and Chippewa-Cree on the Rocky Boy's Indian Reservation (1916) near Box Elder. Approximately 63% of all Native people live off the reservations, concentrated in the larger Montana cities with the largest concentration of urban Indians in Great Falls. The state also has a small Métis population, and 1990 census data indicated that people from as many as 275 different tribes lived in Montana.
{ "tokens": [ "Approximately", "66,000", "people", "of", "Native", "American", "heritage", "live", "in", "Montana", ".", "Stemming", "from", "multiple", "treaties", "and", "federal", "legislation", ",", "including", "the", "Indian", "Appropriations", "Act", "(", "1851", ")", ",", "the", "Dawes", "Act", "(", "1887", ")", ",", "and", "the", "Indian", "Reorganization", "Act", "(", "1934", ")", ",", "seven", "Indian", "reservations", ",", "encompassing", "eleven", "tribal", "nations", ",", "were", "created", "in", "Montana", ".", "A", "twelfth", "nation", ",", "the", "Little", "Shell", "Chippewa", "is", "a", "\"", "landless", "\"", "people", "headquartered", "in", "Great", "Falls", ",", "recognized", "by", "the", "state", "of", "Montana", "but", "not", "by", "the", "U.S.", "Government", ".", "The", "Blackfeet", "nation", "is", "headquartered", "on", "the", "Blackfeet", "Indian", "Reservation", "(", "1851", ")", "in", "Browning", ",", "Crow", "on", "the", "Crow", "Indian", "Reservation", "(", "1851", ")", "in", "Crow", "Agency", ",", "Confederated", "Salish", "and", "Kootenai", "and", "Pend", "d'Oreille", "on", "the", "Flathead", "Indian", "Reservation", "(", "1855", ")", "in", "Pablo", ",", "Northern", "Cheyenne", "on", "the", "Northern", "Cheyenne", "Indian", "Reservation", "(", "1884", ")", "at", "Lame", "Deer", ",", "Assiniboine", "and", "Gros", "Ventre", "on", "the", "Fort", "Belknap", "Indian", "Reservation", "(", "1888", ")", "in", "Fort", "Belknap", "Agency", ",", "Assiniboine", "and", "Sioux", "on", "the", "Fort", "Peck", "Indian", "Reservation", "(", "1888", ")", "at", "Poplar", ",", "and", "Chippewa", "-", "Cree", "on", "the", "Rocky", "Boy", "'s", "Indian", "Reservation", "(", "1916", ")", "near", "Box", "Elder", ".", "Approximately", "63", "%", "of", "all", "Native", "people", "live", "off", "the", "reservations", ",", "concentrated", "in", "the", "larger", "Montana", "cities", "with", "the", "largest", "concentration", "of", "urban", "Indians", "in", "Great", "Falls", ".", "The", "state", "also", "has", "a", "small", "Métis", "population", ",", "and", "1990", "census", "data", "indicated", "that", "people", "from", "as", "many", "as", "275", "different", "tribes", "lived", "in", "Montana", "." ], "offsets": [ 0, 14, 21, 28, 31, 38, 47, 56, 61, 64, 71, 73, 82, 87, 96, 105, 109, 117, 128, 130, 140, 144, 151, 166, 170, 171, 175, 176, 178, 182, 188, 192, 193, 197, 198, 200, 204, 208, 215, 230, 234, 235, 239, 240, 242, 248, 255, 267, 269, 282, 289, 296, 303, 305, 310, 318, 321, 328, 330, 332, 340, 346, 348, 352, 359, 365, 374, 377, 379, 380, 388, 390, 397, 411, 414, 420, 425, 427, 438, 441, 445, 451, 454, 462, 466, 470, 473, 477, 482, 492, 494, 498, 508, 515, 518, 532, 535, 539, 549, 556, 568, 569, 573, 575, 578, 586, 588, 593, 596, 600, 605, 612, 624, 625, 629, 631, 634, 639, 645, 647, 660, 667, 671, 680, 684, 689, 699, 702, 706, 715, 722, 734, 735, 739, 741, 744, 749, 751, 760, 769, 772, 776, 785, 794, 801, 813, 814, 818, 820, 823, 828, 832, 834, 846, 850, 855, 862, 865, 869, 874, 882, 889, 901, 902, 906, 908, 911, 916, 924, 930, 932, 944, 948, 954, 957, 961, 966, 971, 978, 990, 991, 995, 997, 1000, 1006, 1008, 1012, 1020, 1021, 1026, 1029, 1033, 1039, 1042, 1045, 1052, 1064, 1065, 1069, 1071, 1076, 1080, 1085, 1087, 1101, 1103, 1105, 1108, 1112, 1119, 1126, 1131, 1135, 1139, 1151, 1153, 1166, 1169, 1173, 1180, 1188, 1195, 1200, 1204, 1212, 1226, 1229, 1235, 1243, 1246, 1252, 1257, 1259, 1263, 1269, 1274, 1278, 1280, 1286, 1292, 1302, 1304, 1308, 1313, 1320, 1325, 1335, 1340, 1347, 1352, 1355, 1360, 1363, 1367, 1377, 1384, 1390, 1393, 1400 ] }
048d06a3782d412b991e412d281ed469
About what percentage of the Native Americans in Montana live off the reservation?
{ "tokens": [ "About", "what", "percentage", "of", "the", "Native", "Americans", "in", "Montana", "live", "off", "the", "reservation", "?" ], "offsets": [ 0, 6, 11, 22, 25, 29, 36, 46, 49, 57, 62, 66, 70, 81 ] }
{ "text": [ "63%" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 1101 ], "end": [ 1103 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 204 ], "end": [ 205 ] } ] }
[ "63%" ]
SQuAD
Under Territorial Governor Thomas Meagher, Montanans held a constitutional convention in 1866 in a failed bid for statehood. A second constitutional convention was held in Helena in 1884 that produced a constitution ratified 3:1 by Montana citizens in November 1884. For political reasons, Congress did not approve Montana statehood until 1889. Congress approved Montana statehood in February 1889 and President Grover Cleveland signed an omnibus bill granting statehood to Montana, North Dakota, South Dakota and Washington once the appropriate state constitutions were crafted. In July 1889, Montanans convened their third constitutional convention and produced a constitution acceptable by the people and the federal government. On November 8, 1889 President Benjamin Harrison proclaimed Montana the forty-first state in the union. The first state governor was Joseph K. Toole. In the 1880s, Helena (the current state capital) had more millionaires per capita than any other United States city.
{ "tokens": [ "Under", "Territorial", "Governor", "Thomas", "Meagher", ",", "Montanans", "held", "a", "constitutional", "convention", "in", "1866", "in", "a", "failed", "bid", "for", "statehood", ".", "A", "second", "constitutional", "convention", "was", "held", "in", "Helena", "in", "1884", "that", "produced", "a", "constitution", "ratified", "3:1", "by", "Montana", "citizens", "in", "November", "1884", ".", "For", "political", "reasons", ",", "Congress", "did", "not", "approve", "Montana", "statehood", "until", "1889", ".", "Congress", "approved", "Montana", "statehood", "in", "February", "1889", "and", "President", "Grover", "Cleveland", "signed", "an", "omnibus", "bill", "granting", "statehood", "to", "Montana", ",", "North", "Dakota", ",", "South", "Dakota", "and", "Washington", "once", "the", "appropriate", "state", "constitutions", "were", "crafted", ".", "In", "July", "1889", ",", "Montanans", "convened", "their", "third", "constitutional", "convention", "and", "produced", "a", "constitution", "acceptable", "by", "the", "people", "and", "the", "federal", "government", ".", "On", "November", "8", ",", "1889", "President", "Benjamin", "Harrison", "proclaimed", "Montana", "the", "forty", "-", "first", "state", "in", "the", "union", ".", "The", "first", "state", "governor", "was", "Joseph", "K.", "Toole", ".", "In", "the", "1880s", ",", "Helena", "(", "the", "current", "state", "capital", ")", "had", "more", "millionaires", "per", "capita", "than", "any", "other", "United", "States", "city", "." ], "offsets": [ 0, 6, 18, 27, 34, 41, 43, 53, 58, 60, 75, 86, 89, 94, 97, 99, 106, 110, 114, 123, 125, 127, 134, 149, 160, 164, 169, 172, 179, 182, 187, 192, 201, 203, 216, 225, 229, 232, 240, 249, 252, 261, 265, 267, 271, 281, 288, 290, 299, 303, 307, 315, 323, 333, 339, 343, 345, 354, 363, 371, 381, 384, 393, 398, 402, 412, 419, 429, 436, 439, 447, 452, 461, 471, 474, 481, 483, 489, 495, 497, 503, 510, 514, 525, 530, 534, 546, 552, 566, 571, 578, 580, 583, 588, 592, 594, 604, 613, 619, 625, 640, 651, 655, 664, 666, 679, 690, 693, 697, 704, 708, 712, 720, 730, 732, 735, 744, 745, 747, 752, 762, 771, 780, 791, 799, 803, 808, 809, 815, 821, 824, 828, 833, 835, 839, 845, 851, 860, 864, 871, 874, 879, 881, 884, 888, 893, 895, 902, 903, 907, 915, 921, 928, 930, 934, 939, 952, 956, 963, 968, 972, 978, 985, 992, 996 ] }
56f12a6dfd2b4ccca556fe6b6a2ae2e1
When was the first constitutional convention held in Montana?
{ "tokens": [ "When", "was", "the", "first", "constitutional", "convention", "held", "in", "Montana", "?" ], "offsets": [ 0, 5, 9, 13, 19, 34, 45, 50, 53, 60 ] }
{ "text": [ "1866" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 89 ], "end": [ 92 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 12 ], "end": [ 12 ] } ] }
[ "1866" ]
SQuAD
Under Territorial Governor Thomas Meagher, Montanans held a constitutional convention in 1866 in a failed bid for statehood. A second constitutional convention was held in Helena in 1884 that produced a constitution ratified 3:1 by Montana citizens in November 1884. For political reasons, Congress did not approve Montana statehood until 1889. Congress approved Montana statehood in February 1889 and President Grover Cleveland signed an omnibus bill granting statehood to Montana, North Dakota, South Dakota and Washington once the appropriate state constitutions were crafted. In July 1889, Montanans convened their third constitutional convention and produced a constitution acceptable by the people and the federal government. On November 8, 1889 President Benjamin Harrison proclaimed Montana the forty-first state in the union. The first state governor was Joseph K. Toole. In the 1880s, Helena (the current state capital) had more millionaires per capita than any other United States city.
{ "tokens": [ "Under", "Territorial", "Governor", "Thomas", "Meagher", ",", "Montanans", "held", "a", "constitutional", "convention", "in", "1866", "in", "a", "failed", "bid", "for", "statehood", ".", "A", "second", "constitutional", "convention", "was", "held", "in", "Helena", "in", "1884", "that", "produced", "a", "constitution", "ratified", "3:1", "by", "Montana", "citizens", "in", "November", "1884", ".", "For", "political", "reasons", ",", "Congress", "did", "not", "approve", "Montana", "statehood", "until", "1889", ".", "Congress", "approved", "Montana", "statehood", "in", "February", "1889", "and", "President", "Grover", "Cleveland", "signed", "an", "omnibus", "bill", "granting", "statehood", "to", "Montana", ",", "North", "Dakota", ",", "South", "Dakota", "and", "Washington", "once", "the", "appropriate", "state", "constitutions", "were", "crafted", ".", "In", "July", "1889", ",", "Montanans", "convened", "their", "third", "constitutional", "convention", "and", "produced", "a", "constitution", "acceptable", "by", "the", "people", "and", "the", "federal", "government", ".", "On", "November", "8", ",", "1889", "President", "Benjamin", "Harrison", "proclaimed", "Montana", "the", "forty", "-", "first", "state", "in", "the", "union", ".", "The", "first", "state", "governor", "was", "Joseph", "K.", "Toole", ".", "In", "the", "1880s", ",", "Helena", "(", "the", "current", "state", "capital", ")", "had", "more", "millionaires", "per", "capita", "than", "any", "other", "United", "States", "city", "." ], "offsets": [ 0, 6, 18, 27, 34, 41, 43, 53, 58, 60, 75, 86, 89, 94, 97, 99, 106, 110, 114, 123, 125, 127, 134, 149, 160, 164, 169, 172, 179, 182, 187, 192, 201, 203, 216, 225, 229, 232, 240, 249, 252, 261, 265, 267, 271, 281, 288, 290, 299, 303, 307, 315, 323, 333, 339, 343, 345, 354, 363, 371, 381, 384, 393, 398, 402, 412, 419, 429, 436, 439, 447, 452, 461, 471, 474, 481, 483, 489, 495, 497, 503, 510, 514, 525, 530, 534, 546, 552, 566, 571, 578, 580, 583, 588, 592, 594, 604, 613, 619, 625, 640, 651, 655, 664, 666, 679, 690, 693, 697, 704, 708, 712, 720, 730, 732, 735, 744, 745, 747, 752, 762, 771, 780, 791, 799, 803, 808, 809, 815, 821, 824, 828, 833, 835, 839, 845, 851, 860, 864, 871, 874, 879, 881, 884, 888, 893, 895, 902, 903, 907, 915, 921, 928, 930, 934, 939, 952, 956, 963, 968, 972, 978, 985, 992, 996 ] }
05b3fc467f5844ffb675151a0673da23
Why was this constitutional convention held?
{ "tokens": [ "Why", "was", "this", "constitutional", "convention", "held", "?" ], "offsets": [ 0, 4, 8, 13, 28, 39, 43 ] }
{ "text": [ "bid for statehood" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 106 ], "end": [ 122 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 16 ], "end": [ 18 ] } ] }
[ "bid for statehood" ]
SQuAD
Under Territorial Governor Thomas Meagher, Montanans held a constitutional convention in 1866 in a failed bid for statehood. A second constitutional convention was held in Helena in 1884 that produced a constitution ratified 3:1 by Montana citizens in November 1884. For political reasons, Congress did not approve Montana statehood until 1889. Congress approved Montana statehood in February 1889 and President Grover Cleveland signed an omnibus bill granting statehood to Montana, North Dakota, South Dakota and Washington once the appropriate state constitutions were crafted. In July 1889, Montanans convened their third constitutional convention and produced a constitution acceptable by the people and the federal government. On November 8, 1889 President Benjamin Harrison proclaimed Montana the forty-first state in the union. The first state governor was Joseph K. Toole. In the 1880s, Helena (the current state capital) had more millionaires per capita than any other United States city.
{ "tokens": [ "Under", "Territorial", "Governor", "Thomas", "Meagher", ",", "Montanans", "held", "a", "constitutional", "convention", "in", "1866", "in", "a", "failed", "bid", "for", "statehood", ".", "A", "second", "constitutional", "convention", "was", "held", "in", "Helena", "in", "1884", "that", "produced", "a", "constitution", "ratified", "3:1", "by", "Montana", "citizens", "in", "November", "1884", ".", "For", "political", "reasons", ",", "Congress", "did", "not", "approve", "Montana", "statehood", "until", "1889", ".", "Congress", "approved", "Montana", "statehood", "in", "February", "1889", "and", "President", "Grover", "Cleveland", "signed", "an", "omnibus", "bill", "granting", "statehood", "to", "Montana", ",", "North", "Dakota", ",", "South", "Dakota", "and", "Washington", "once", "the", "appropriate", "state", "constitutions", "were", "crafted", ".", "In", "July", "1889", ",", "Montanans", "convened", "their", "third", "constitutional", "convention", "and", "produced", "a", "constitution", "acceptable", "by", "the", "people", "and", "the", "federal", "government", ".", "On", "November", "8", ",", "1889", "President", "Benjamin", "Harrison", "proclaimed", "Montana", "the", "forty", "-", "first", "state", "in", "the", "union", ".", "The", "first", "state", "governor", "was", "Joseph", "K.", "Toole", ".", "In", "the", "1880s", ",", "Helena", "(", "the", "current", "state", "capital", ")", "had", "more", "millionaires", "per", "capita", "than", "any", "other", "United", "States", "city", "." ], "offsets": [ 0, 6, 18, 27, 34, 41, 43, 53, 58, 60, 75, 86, 89, 94, 97, 99, 106, 110, 114, 123, 125, 127, 134, 149, 160, 164, 169, 172, 179, 182, 187, 192, 201, 203, 216, 225, 229, 232, 240, 249, 252, 261, 265, 267, 271, 281, 288, 290, 299, 303, 307, 315, 323, 333, 339, 343, 345, 354, 363, 371, 381, 384, 393, 398, 402, 412, 419, 429, 436, 439, 447, 452, 461, 471, 474, 481, 483, 489, 495, 497, 503, 510, 514, 525, 530, 534, 546, 552, 566, 571, 578, 580, 583, 588, 592, 594, 604, 613, 619, 625, 640, 651, 655, 664, 666, 679, 690, 693, 697, 704, 708, 712, 720, 730, 732, 735, 744, 745, 747, 752, 762, 771, 780, 791, 799, 803, 808, 809, 815, 821, 824, 828, 833, 835, 839, 845, 851, 860, 864, 871, 874, 879, 881, 884, 888, 893, 895, 902, 903, 907, 915, 921, 928, 930, 934, 939, 952, 956, 963, 968, 972, 978, 985, 992, 996 ] }
4a7094fd8b7a472db72786e0d9b6f2fb
When was the second constitutional convention held?
{ "tokens": [ "When", "was", "the", "second", "constitutional", "convention", "held", "?" ], "offsets": [ 0, 5, 9, 13, 20, 35, 46, 50 ] }
{ "text": [ "1884" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 261 ], "end": [ 264 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 41 ], "end": [ 41 ] } ] }
[ "1884" ]
SQuAD
Under Territorial Governor Thomas Meagher, Montanans held a constitutional convention in 1866 in a failed bid for statehood. A second constitutional convention was held in Helena in 1884 that produced a constitution ratified 3:1 by Montana citizens in November 1884. For political reasons, Congress did not approve Montana statehood until 1889. Congress approved Montana statehood in February 1889 and President Grover Cleveland signed an omnibus bill granting statehood to Montana, North Dakota, South Dakota and Washington once the appropriate state constitutions were crafted. In July 1889, Montanans convened their third constitutional convention and produced a constitution acceptable by the people and the federal government. On November 8, 1889 President Benjamin Harrison proclaimed Montana the forty-first state in the union. The first state governor was Joseph K. Toole. In the 1880s, Helena (the current state capital) had more millionaires per capita than any other United States city.
{ "tokens": [ "Under", "Territorial", "Governor", "Thomas", "Meagher", ",", "Montanans", "held", "a", "constitutional", "convention", "in", "1866", "in", "a", "failed", "bid", "for", "statehood", ".", "A", "second", "constitutional", "convention", "was", "held", "in", "Helena", "in", "1884", "that", "produced", "a", "constitution", "ratified", "3:1", "by", "Montana", "citizens", "in", "November", "1884", ".", "For", "political", "reasons", ",", "Congress", "did", "not", "approve", "Montana", "statehood", "until", "1889", ".", "Congress", "approved", "Montana", "statehood", "in", "February", "1889", "and", "President", "Grover", "Cleveland", "signed", "an", "omnibus", "bill", "granting", "statehood", "to", "Montana", ",", "North", "Dakota", ",", "South", "Dakota", "and", "Washington", "once", "the", "appropriate", "state", "constitutions", "were", "crafted", ".", "In", "July", "1889", ",", "Montanans", "convened", "their", "third", "constitutional", "convention", "and", "produced", "a", "constitution", "acceptable", "by", "the", "people", "and", "the", "federal", "government", ".", "On", "November", "8", ",", "1889", "President", "Benjamin", "Harrison", "proclaimed", "Montana", "the", "forty", "-", "first", "state", "in", "the", "union", ".", "The", "first", "state", "governor", "was", "Joseph", "K.", "Toole", ".", "In", "the", "1880s", ",", "Helena", "(", "the", "current", "state", "capital", ")", "had", "more", "millionaires", "per", "capita", "than", "any", "other", "United", "States", "city", "." ], "offsets": [ 0, 6, 18, 27, 34, 41, 43, 53, 58, 60, 75, 86, 89, 94, 97, 99, 106, 110, 114, 123, 125, 127, 134, 149, 160, 164, 169, 172, 179, 182, 187, 192, 201, 203, 216, 225, 229, 232, 240, 249, 252, 261, 265, 267, 271, 281, 288, 290, 299, 303, 307, 315, 323, 333, 339, 343, 345, 354, 363, 371, 381, 384, 393, 398, 402, 412, 419, 429, 436, 439, 447, 452, 461, 471, 474, 481, 483, 489, 495, 497, 503, 510, 514, 525, 530, 534, 546, 552, 566, 571, 578, 580, 583, 588, 592, 594, 604, 613, 619, 625, 640, 651, 655, 664, 666, 679, 690, 693, 697, 704, 708, 712, 720, 730, 732, 735, 744, 745, 747, 752, 762, 771, 780, 791, 799, 803, 808, 809, 815, 821, 824, 828, 833, 835, 839, 845, 851, 860, 864, 871, 874, 879, 881, 884, 888, 893, 895, 902, 903, 907, 915, 921, 928, 930, 934, 939, 952, 956, 963, 968, 972, 978, 985, 992, 996 ] }
1f5bc7802cda4c9e9a603ecdcde9b743
What year was Montana's statehood approved?
{ "tokens": [ "What", "year", "was", "Montana", "'s", "statehood", "approved", "?" ], "offsets": [ 0, 5, 10, 14, 21, 24, 34, 42 ] }
{ "text": [ "1889" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 393 ], "end": [ 396 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 62 ], "end": [ 62 ] } ] }
[ "1889" ]
SQuAD
Under Territorial Governor Thomas Meagher, Montanans held a constitutional convention in 1866 in a failed bid for statehood. A second constitutional convention was held in Helena in 1884 that produced a constitution ratified 3:1 by Montana citizens in November 1884. For political reasons, Congress did not approve Montana statehood until 1889. Congress approved Montana statehood in February 1889 and President Grover Cleveland signed an omnibus bill granting statehood to Montana, North Dakota, South Dakota and Washington once the appropriate state constitutions were crafted. In July 1889, Montanans convened their third constitutional convention and produced a constitution acceptable by the people and the federal government. On November 8, 1889 President Benjamin Harrison proclaimed Montana the forty-first state in the union. The first state governor was Joseph K. Toole. In the 1880s, Helena (the current state capital) had more millionaires per capita than any other United States city.
{ "tokens": [ "Under", "Territorial", "Governor", "Thomas", "Meagher", ",", "Montanans", "held", "a", "constitutional", "convention", "in", "1866", "in", "a", "failed", "bid", "for", "statehood", ".", "A", "second", "constitutional", "convention", "was", "held", "in", "Helena", "in", "1884", "that", "produced", "a", "constitution", "ratified", "3:1", "by", "Montana", "citizens", "in", "November", "1884", ".", "For", "political", "reasons", ",", "Congress", "did", "not", "approve", "Montana", "statehood", "until", "1889", ".", "Congress", "approved", "Montana", "statehood", "in", "February", "1889", "and", "President", "Grover", "Cleveland", "signed", "an", "omnibus", "bill", "granting", "statehood", "to", "Montana", ",", "North", "Dakota", ",", "South", "Dakota", "and", "Washington", "once", "the", "appropriate", "state", "constitutions", "were", "crafted", ".", "In", "July", "1889", ",", "Montanans", "convened", "their", "third", "constitutional", "convention", "and", "produced", "a", "constitution", "acceptable", "by", "the", "people", "and", "the", "federal", "government", ".", "On", "November", "8", ",", "1889", "President", "Benjamin", "Harrison", "proclaimed", "Montana", "the", "forty", "-", "first", "state", "in", "the", "union", ".", "The", "first", "state", "governor", "was", "Joseph", "K.", "Toole", ".", "In", "the", "1880s", ",", "Helena", "(", "the", "current", "state", "capital", ")", "had", "more", "millionaires", "per", "capita", "than", "any", "other", "United", "States", "city", "." ], "offsets": [ 0, 6, 18, 27, 34, 41, 43, 53, 58, 60, 75, 86, 89, 94, 97, 99, 106, 110, 114, 123, 125, 127, 134, 149, 160, 164, 169, 172, 179, 182, 187, 192, 201, 203, 216, 225, 229, 232, 240, 249, 252, 261, 265, 267, 271, 281, 288, 290, 299, 303, 307, 315, 323, 333, 339, 343, 345, 354, 363, 371, 381, 384, 393, 398, 402, 412, 419, 429, 436, 439, 447, 452, 461, 471, 474, 481, 483, 489, 495, 497, 503, 510, 514, 525, 530, 534, 546, 552, 566, 571, 578, 580, 583, 588, 592, 594, 604, 613, 619, 625, 640, 651, 655, 664, 666, 679, 690, 693, 697, 704, 708, 712, 720, 730, 732, 735, 744, 745, 747, 752, 762, 771, 780, 791, 799, 803, 808, 809, 815, 821, 824, 828, 833, 835, 839, 845, 851, 860, 864, 871, 874, 879, 881, 884, 888, 893, 895, 902, 903, 907, 915, 921, 928, 930, 934, 939, 952, 956, 963, 968, 972, 978, 985, 992, 996 ] }
b25de3cbfbbe468d91dfe1a21ebf83e6
What other three states were approved in the same year?
{ "tokens": [ "What", "other", "three", "states", "were", "approved", "in", "the", "same", "year", "?" ], "offsets": [ 0, 5, 11, 17, 24, 29, 38, 41, 45, 50, 54 ] }
{ "text": [ "North Dakota, South Dakota and Washington" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 483 ], "end": [ 523 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 76 ], "end": [ 82 ] } ] }
[ "North Dakota, South Dakota and Washington" ]
SQuAD
The Desert Land Act of 1877 was passed to allow settlement of arid lands in the west and allotted 640 acres (2.6 km2) to settlers for a fee of $.25 per acre and a promise to irrigate the land. After three years, a fee of one dollar per acre would be paid and the land would be owned by the settler. This act brought mostly cattle and sheep ranchers into Montana, many of whom grazed their herds on the Montana prairie for three years, did little to irrigate the land and then abandoned it without paying the final fees. Some farmers came with the arrival of the Great Northern and Northern Pacific Railroads throughout the 1880s and 1890s, though in relatively small numbers.
{ "tokens": [ "The", "Desert", "Land", "Act", "of", "1877", "was", "passed", "to", "allow", "settlement", "of", "arid", "lands", "in", "the", "west", "and", "allotted", "640", "acres", "(", "2.6", "km2", ")", "to", "settlers", "for", "a", "fee", "of", "$", ".25", "per", "acre", "and", "a", "promise", "to", "irrigate", "the", "land", ".", "After", "three", "years", ",", "a", "fee", "of", "one", "dollar", "per", "acre", "would", "be", "paid", "and", "the", "land", "would", "be", "owned", "by", "the", "settler", ".", "This", "act", "brought", "mostly", "cattle", "and", "sheep", "ranchers", "into", "Montana", ",", "many", "of", "whom", "grazed", "their", "herds", "on", "the", "Montana", "prairie", "for", "three", "years", ",", "did", "little", "to", "irrigate", "the", "land", "and", "then", "abandoned", "it", "without", "paying", "the", "final", "fees", ".", "Some", "farmers", "came", "with", "the", "arrival", "of", "the", "Great", "Northern", "and", "Northern", "Pacific", "Railroads", "throughout", "the", "1880s", "and", "1890s", ",", "though", "in", "relatively", "small", "numbers", "." ], "offsets": [ 0, 4, 11, 16, 20, 23, 28, 32, 39, 42, 48, 59, 62, 67, 73, 76, 80, 85, 89, 98, 102, 108, 109, 113, 116, 118, 121, 130, 134, 136, 140, 143, 144, 148, 152, 157, 161, 163, 171, 174, 183, 187, 191, 193, 199, 205, 210, 212, 214, 218, 221, 225, 232, 236, 241, 247, 250, 255, 259, 263, 268, 274, 277, 283, 286, 290, 297, 299, 304, 308, 316, 323, 330, 334, 340, 349, 354, 361, 363, 368, 371, 376, 383, 389, 395, 398, 402, 410, 418, 422, 428, 433, 435, 439, 446, 449, 458, 462, 467, 471, 476, 486, 489, 497, 504, 508, 514, 518, 520, 525, 533, 538, 543, 547, 555, 558, 562, 568, 577, 581, 590, 598, 608, 619, 623, 629, 633, 638, 640, 647, 650, 661, 667, 674 ] }
9361f72c96534c7b9fa25b9428795f86
When was the Desert Land Act passed?
{ "tokens": [ "When", "was", "the", "Desert", "Land", "Act", "passed", "?" ], "offsets": [ 0, 5, 9, 13, 20, 25, 29, 35 ] }
{ "text": [ "1877" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 23 ], "end": [ 26 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 5 ], "end": [ 5 ] } ] }
[ "1877" ]
SQuAD
The Desert Land Act of 1877 was passed to allow settlement of arid lands in the west and allotted 640 acres (2.6 km2) to settlers for a fee of $.25 per acre and a promise to irrigate the land. After three years, a fee of one dollar per acre would be paid and the land would be owned by the settler. This act brought mostly cattle and sheep ranchers into Montana, many of whom grazed their herds on the Montana prairie for three years, did little to irrigate the land and then abandoned it without paying the final fees. Some farmers came with the arrival of the Great Northern and Northern Pacific Railroads throughout the 1880s and 1890s, though in relatively small numbers.
{ "tokens": [ "The", "Desert", "Land", "Act", "of", "1877", "was", "passed", "to", "allow", "settlement", "of", "arid", "lands", "in", "the", "west", "and", "allotted", "640", "acres", "(", "2.6", "km2", ")", "to", "settlers", "for", "a", "fee", "of", "$", ".25", "per", "acre", "and", "a", "promise", "to", "irrigate", "the", "land", ".", "After", "three", "years", ",", "a", "fee", "of", "one", "dollar", "per", "acre", "would", "be", "paid", "and", "the", "land", "would", "be", "owned", "by", "the", "settler", ".", "This", "act", "brought", "mostly", "cattle", "and", "sheep", "ranchers", "into", "Montana", ",", "many", "of", "whom", "grazed", "their", "herds", "on", "the", "Montana", "prairie", "for", "three", "years", ",", "did", "little", "to", "irrigate", "the", "land", "and", "then", "abandoned", "it", "without", "paying", "the", "final", "fees", ".", "Some", "farmers", "came", "with", "the", "arrival", "of", "the", "Great", "Northern", "and", "Northern", "Pacific", "Railroads", "throughout", "the", "1880s", "and", "1890s", ",", "though", "in", "relatively", "small", "numbers", "." ], "offsets": [ 0, 4, 11, 16, 20, 23, 28, 32, 39, 42, 48, 59, 62, 67, 73, 76, 80, 85, 89, 98, 102, 108, 109, 113, 116, 118, 121, 130, 134, 136, 140, 143, 144, 148, 152, 157, 161, 163, 171, 174, 183, 187, 191, 193, 199, 205, 210, 212, 214, 218, 221, 225, 232, 236, 241, 247, 250, 255, 259, 263, 268, 274, 277, 283, 286, 290, 297, 299, 304, 308, 316, 323, 330, 334, 340, 349, 354, 361, 363, 368, 371, 376, 383, 389, 395, 398, 402, 410, 418, 422, 428, 433, 435, 439, 446, 449, 458, 462, 467, 471, 476, 486, 489, 497, 504, 508, 514, 518, 520, 525, 533, 538, 543, 547, 555, 558, 562, 568, 577, 581, 590, 598, 608, 619, 623, 629, 633, 638, 640, 647, 650, 661, 667, 674 ] }
e5694208de404619b39bc98829c3b3c7
How much land did the Desert Land Act allot?
{ "tokens": [ "How", "much", "land", "did", "the", "Desert", "Land", "Act", "allot", "?" ], "offsets": [ 0, 4, 9, 14, 18, 22, 29, 34, 38, 43 ] }
{ "text": [ "640 acres" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 98 ], "end": [ 106 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 19 ], "end": [ 20 ] } ] }
[ "640 acres" ]
SQuAD
The Desert Land Act of 1877 was passed to allow settlement of arid lands in the west and allotted 640 acres (2.6 km2) to settlers for a fee of $.25 per acre and a promise to irrigate the land. After three years, a fee of one dollar per acre would be paid and the land would be owned by the settler. This act brought mostly cattle and sheep ranchers into Montana, many of whom grazed their herds on the Montana prairie for three years, did little to irrigate the land and then abandoned it without paying the final fees. Some farmers came with the arrival of the Great Northern and Northern Pacific Railroads throughout the 1880s and 1890s, though in relatively small numbers.
{ "tokens": [ "The", "Desert", "Land", "Act", "of", "1877", "was", "passed", "to", "allow", "settlement", "of", "arid", "lands", "in", "the", "west", "and", "allotted", "640", "acres", "(", "2.6", "km2", ")", "to", "settlers", "for", "a", "fee", "of", "$", ".25", "per", "acre", "and", "a", "promise", "to", "irrigate", "the", "land", ".", "After", "three", "years", ",", "a", "fee", "of", "one", "dollar", "per", "acre", "would", "be", "paid", "and", "the", "land", "would", "be", "owned", "by", "the", "settler", ".", "This", "act", "brought", "mostly", "cattle", "and", "sheep", "ranchers", "into", "Montana", ",", "many", "of", "whom", "grazed", "their", "herds", "on", "the", "Montana", "prairie", "for", "three", "years", ",", "did", "little", "to", "irrigate", "the", "land", "and", "then", "abandoned", "it", "without", "paying", "the", "final", "fees", ".", "Some", "farmers", "came", "with", "the", "arrival", "of", "the", "Great", "Northern", "and", "Northern", "Pacific", "Railroads", "throughout", "the", "1880s", "and", "1890s", ",", "though", "in", "relatively", "small", "numbers", "." ], "offsets": [ 0, 4, 11, 16, 20, 23, 28, 32, 39, 42, 48, 59, 62, 67, 73, 76, 80, 85, 89, 98, 102, 108, 109, 113, 116, 118, 121, 130, 134, 136, 140, 143, 144, 148, 152, 157, 161, 163, 171, 174, 183, 187, 191, 193, 199, 205, 210, 212, 214, 218, 221, 225, 232, 236, 241, 247, 250, 255, 259, 263, 268, 274, 277, 283, 286, 290, 297, 299, 304, 308, 316, 323, 330, 334, 340, 349, 354, 361, 363, 368, 371, 376, 383, 389, 395, 398, 402, 410, 418, 422, 428, 433, 435, 439, 446, 449, 458, 462, 467, 471, 476, 486, 489, 497, 504, 508, 514, 518, 520, 525, 533, 538, 543, 547, 555, 558, 562, 568, 577, 581, 590, 598, 608, 619, 623, 629, 633, 638, 640, 647, 650, 661, 667, 674 ] }
bf612156fc7e4b3eb1b46b1aef525eb2
How much was the charge per acre at first?
{ "tokens": [ "How", "much", "was", "the", "charge", "per", "acre", "at", "first", "?" ], "offsets": [ 0, 4, 9, 13, 17, 24, 28, 33, 36, 41 ] }
{ "text": [ "$.25" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 143 ], "end": [ 146 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 31 ], "end": [ 32 ] } ] }
[ "$.25" ]
SQuAD
In June 1917, the U.S. Congress passed the Espionage Act of 1917 which was later extended by the Sedition Act of 1918, enacted in May 1918. In February 1918, the Montana legislature had passed the Montana Sedition Act, which was a model for the federal version. In combination, these laws criminalized criticism of the U.S. government, military, or symbols through speech or other means. The Montana Act led to the arrest of over 200 individuals and the conviction of 78, mostly of German or Austrian descent. Over 40 spent time in prison. In May 2006, then-Governor Brian Schweitzer posthumously issued full pardons for all those convicted of violating the Montana Sedition Act.
{ "tokens": [ "In", "June", "1917", ",", "the", "U.S.", "Congress", "passed", "the", "Espionage", "Act", "of", "1917", "which", "was", "later", "extended", "by", "the", "Sedition", "Act", "of", "1918", ",", "enacted", "in", "May", "1918", ".", "In", "February", "1918", ",", "the", "Montana", "legislature", "had", "passed", "the", "Montana", "Sedition", "Act", ",", "which", "was", "a", "model", "for", "the", "federal", "version", ".", "In", "combination", ",", "these", "laws", "criminalized", "criticism", "of", "the", "U.S.", "government", ",", "military", ",", "or", "symbols", "through", "speech", "or", "other", "means", ".", "The", "Montana", "Act", "led", "to", "the", "arrest", "of", "over", "200", "individuals", "and", "the", "conviction", "of", "78", ",", "mostly", "of", "German", "or", "Austrian", "descent", ".", "Over", "40", "spent", "time", "in", "prison", ".", "In", "May", "2006", ",", "then", "-", "Governor", "Brian", "Schweitzer", "posthumously", "issued", "full", "pardons", "for", "all", "those", "convicted", "of", "violating", "the", "Montana", "Sedition", "Act", "." ], "offsets": [ 0, 3, 8, 12, 14, 18, 23, 32, 39, 43, 53, 57, 60, 65, 71, 75, 81, 90, 93, 97, 106, 110, 113, 117, 119, 127, 130, 134, 138, 140, 143, 152, 156, 158, 162, 170, 182, 186, 193, 197, 205, 214, 217, 219, 225, 229, 231, 237, 241, 245, 253, 260, 262, 265, 276, 278, 284, 289, 302, 312, 315, 319, 324, 334, 336, 344, 346, 349, 357, 365, 372, 375, 381, 386, 388, 392, 400, 404, 408, 411, 415, 422, 425, 430, 434, 446, 450, 454, 465, 468, 470, 472, 479, 482, 489, 492, 501, 508, 510, 515, 518, 524, 529, 532, 538, 540, 543, 547, 551, 553, 557, 558, 567, 573, 584, 597, 604, 609, 617, 621, 625, 631, 641, 644, 654, 658, 666, 675, 678 ] }
44854a75b1924c3eb9f6d3861f32d9cc
When did Congress pass the Espionage Act?
{ "tokens": [ "When", "did", "Congress", "pass", "the", "Espionage", "Act", "?" ], "offsets": [ 0, 5, 9, 18, 23, 27, 37, 40 ] }
{ "text": [ "1917" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 60 ], "end": [ 63 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 12 ], "end": [ 12 ] } ] }
[ "1917" ]
SQuAD
In June 1917, the U.S. Congress passed the Espionage Act of 1917 which was later extended by the Sedition Act of 1918, enacted in May 1918. In February 1918, the Montana legislature had passed the Montana Sedition Act, which was a model for the federal version. In combination, these laws criminalized criticism of the U.S. government, military, or symbols through speech or other means. The Montana Act led to the arrest of over 200 individuals and the conviction of 78, mostly of German or Austrian descent. Over 40 spent time in prison. In May 2006, then-Governor Brian Schweitzer posthumously issued full pardons for all those convicted of violating the Montana Sedition Act.
{ "tokens": [ "In", "June", "1917", ",", "the", "U.S.", "Congress", "passed", "the", "Espionage", "Act", "of", "1917", "which", "was", "later", "extended", "by", "the", "Sedition", "Act", "of", "1918", ",", "enacted", "in", "May", "1918", ".", "In", "February", "1918", ",", "the", "Montana", "legislature", "had", "passed", "the", "Montana", "Sedition", "Act", ",", "which", "was", "a", "model", "for", "the", "federal", "version", ".", "In", "combination", ",", "these", "laws", "criminalized", "criticism", "of", "the", "U.S.", "government", ",", "military", ",", "or", "symbols", "through", "speech", "or", "other", "means", ".", "The", "Montana", "Act", "led", "to", "the", "arrest", "of", "over", "200", "individuals", "and", "the", "conviction", "of", "78", ",", "mostly", "of", "German", "or", "Austrian", "descent", ".", "Over", "40", "spent", "time", "in", "prison", ".", "In", "May", "2006", ",", "then", "-", "Governor", "Brian", "Schweitzer", "posthumously", "issued", "full", "pardons", "for", "all", "those", "convicted", "of", "violating", "the", "Montana", "Sedition", "Act", "." ], "offsets": [ 0, 3, 8, 12, 14, 18, 23, 32, 39, 43, 53, 57, 60, 65, 71, 75, 81, 90, 93, 97, 106, 110, 113, 117, 119, 127, 130, 134, 138, 140, 143, 152, 156, 158, 162, 170, 182, 186, 193, 197, 205, 214, 217, 219, 225, 229, 231, 237, 241, 245, 253, 260, 262, 265, 276, 278, 284, 289, 302, 312, 315, 319, 324, 334, 336, 344, 346, 349, 357, 365, 372, 375, 381, 386, 388, 392, 400, 404, 408, 411, 415, 422, 425, 430, 434, 446, 450, 454, 465, 468, 470, 472, 479, 482, 489, 492, 501, 508, 510, 515, 518, 524, 529, 532, 538, 540, 543, 547, 551, 553, 557, 558, 567, 573, 584, 597, 604, 609, 617, 621, 625, 631, 641, 644, 654, 658, 666, 675, 678 ] }
828915ebf2f24c0f81ea1f08d7611cfd
When was the Sedition Act passed?
{ "tokens": [ "When", "was", "the", "Sedition", "Act", "passed", "?" ], "offsets": [ 0, 5, 9, 13, 22, 26, 32 ] }
{ "text": [ "1918" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 113 ], "end": [ 116 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 22 ], "end": [ 22 ] } ] }
[ "1918" ]
SQuAD
In June 1917, the U.S. Congress passed the Espionage Act of 1917 which was later extended by the Sedition Act of 1918, enacted in May 1918. In February 1918, the Montana legislature had passed the Montana Sedition Act, which was a model for the federal version. In combination, these laws criminalized criticism of the U.S. government, military, or symbols through speech or other means. The Montana Act led to the arrest of over 200 individuals and the conviction of 78, mostly of German or Austrian descent. Over 40 spent time in prison. In May 2006, then-Governor Brian Schweitzer posthumously issued full pardons for all those convicted of violating the Montana Sedition Act.
{ "tokens": [ "In", "June", "1917", ",", "the", "U.S.", "Congress", "passed", "the", "Espionage", "Act", "of", "1917", "which", "was", "later", "extended", "by", "the", "Sedition", "Act", "of", "1918", ",", "enacted", "in", "May", "1918", ".", "In", "February", "1918", ",", "the", "Montana", "legislature", "had", "passed", "the", "Montana", "Sedition", "Act", ",", "which", "was", "a", "model", "for", "the", "federal", "version", ".", "In", "combination", ",", "these", "laws", "criminalized", "criticism", "of", "the", "U.S.", "government", ",", "military", ",", "or", "symbols", "through", "speech", "or", "other", "means", ".", "The", "Montana", "Act", "led", "to", "the", "arrest", "of", "over", "200", "individuals", "and", "the", "conviction", "of", "78", ",", "mostly", "of", "German", "or", "Austrian", "descent", ".", "Over", "40", "spent", "time", "in", "prison", ".", "In", "May", "2006", ",", "then", "-", "Governor", "Brian", "Schweitzer", "posthumously", "issued", "full", "pardons", "for", "all", "those", "convicted", "of", "violating", "the", "Montana", "Sedition", "Act", "." ], "offsets": [ 0, 3, 8, 12, 14, 18, 23, 32, 39, 43, 53, 57, 60, 65, 71, 75, 81, 90, 93, 97, 106, 110, 113, 117, 119, 127, 130, 134, 138, 140, 143, 152, 156, 158, 162, 170, 182, 186, 193, 197, 205, 214, 217, 219, 225, 229, 231, 237, 241, 245, 253, 260, 262, 265, 276, 278, 284, 289, 302, 312, 315, 319, 324, 334, 336, 344, 346, 349, 357, 365, 372, 375, 381, 386, 388, 392, 400, 404, 408, 411, 415, 422, 425, 430, 434, 446, 450, 454, 465, 468, 470, 472, 479, 482, 489, 492, 501, 508, 510, 515, 518, 524, 529, 532, 538, 540, 543, 547, 551, 553, 557, 558, 567, 573, 584, 597, 604, 609, 617, 621, 625, 631, 641, 644, 654, 658, 666, 675, 678 ] }
d7c198d0352f40549e72ce4f272599ee
What were these acts make do to laws?
{ "tokens": [ "What", "were", "these", "acts", "make", "do", "to", "laws", "?" ], "offsets": [ 0, 5, 10, 16, 21, 26, 29, 32, 36 ] }
{ "text": [ "criminalized criticism of the U.S. government, military, or symbols through speech or other means" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 289 ], "end": [ 385 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 57 ], "end": [ 72 ] } ] }
[ "criminalized criticism of the U.S. government, military, or symbols through speech or other means" ]
SQuAD
In June 1917, the U.S. Congress passed the Espionage Act of 1917 which was later extended by the Sedition Act of 1918, enacted in May 1918. In February 1918, the Montana legislature had passed the Montana Sedition Act, which was a model for the federal version. In combination, these laws criminalized criticism of the U.S. government, military, or symbols through speech or other means. The Montana Act led to the arrest of over 200 individuals and the conviction of 78, mostly of German or Austrian descent. Over 40 spent time in prison. In May 2006, then-Governor Brian Schweitzer posthumously issued full pardons for all those convicted of violating the Montana Sedition Act.
{ "tokens": [ "In", "June", "1917", ",", "the", "U.S.", "Congress", "passed", "the", "Espionage", "Act", "of", "1917", "which", "was", "later", "extended", "by", "the", "Sedition", "Act", "of", "1918", ",", "enacted", "in", "May", "1918", ".", "In", "February", "1918", ",", "the", "Montana", "legislature", "had", "passed", "the", "Montana", "Sedition", "Act", ",", "which", "was", "a", "model", "for", "the", "federal", "version", ".", "In", "combination", ",", "these", "laws", "criminalized", "criticism", "of", "the", "U.S.", "government", ",", "military", ",", "or", "symbols", "through", "speech", "or", "other", "means", ".", "The", "Montana", "Act", "led", "to", "the", "arrest", "of", "over", "200", "individuals", "and", "the", "conviction", "of", "78", ",", "mostly", "of", "German", "or", "Austrian", "descent", ".", "Over", "40", "spent", "time", "in", "prison", ".", "In", "May", "2006", ",", "then", "-", "Governor", "Brian", "Schweitzer", "posthumously", "issued", "full", "pardons", "for", "all", "those", "convicted", "of", "violating", "the", "Montana", "Sedition", "Act", "." ], "offsets": [ 0, 3, 8, 12, 14, 18, 23, 32, 39, 43, 53, 57, 60, 65, 71, 75, 81, 90, 93, 97, 106, 110, 113, 117, 119, 127, 130, 134, 138, 140, 143, 152, 156, 158, 162, 170, 182, 186, 193, 197, 205, 214, 217, 219, 225, 229, 231, 237, 241, 245, 253, 260, 262, 265, 276, 278, 284, 289, 302, 312, 315, 319, 324, 334, 336, 344, 346, 349, 357, 365, 372, 375, 381, 386, 388, 392, 400, 404, 408, 411, 415, 422, 425, 430, 434, 446, 450, 454, 465, 468, 470, 472, 479, 482, 489, 492, 501, 508, 510, 515, 518, 524, 529, 532, 538, 540, 543, 547, 551, 553, 557, 558, 567, 573, 584, 597, 604, 609, 617, 621, 625, 631, 641, 644, 654, 658, 666, 675, 678 ] }
46c0d671ac24461bb56d1bfe113ce018
How many people were arrested from the Montana Act?
{ "tokens": [ "How", "many", "people", "were", "arrested", "from", "the", "Montana", "Act", "?" ], "offsets": [ 0, 4, 9, 16, 21, 30, 35, 39, 47, 50 ] }
{ "text": [ "200" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 430 ], "end": [ 432 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 83 ], "end": [ 83 ] } ] }
[ "200" ]
SQuAD
In June 1917, the U.S. Congress passed the Espionage Act of 1917 which was later extended by the Sedition Act of 1918, enacted in May 1918. In February 1918, the Montana legislature had passed the Montana Sedition Act, which was a model for the federal version. In combination, these laws criminalized criticism of the U.S. government, military, or symbols through speech or other means. The Montana Act led to the arrest of over 200 individuals and the conviction of 78, mostly of German or Austrian descent. Over 40 spent time in prison. In May 2006, then-Governor Brian Schweitzer posthumously issued full pardons for all those convicted of violating the Montana Sedition Act.
{ "tokens": [ "In", "June", "1917", ",", "the", "U.S.", "Congress", "passed", "the", "Espionage", "Act", "of", "1917", "which", "was", "later", "extended", "by", "the", "Sedition", "Act", "of", "1918", ",", "enacted", "in", "May", "1918", ".", "In", "February", "1918", ",", "the", "Montana", "legislature", "had", "passed", "the", "Montana", "Sedition", "Act", ",", "which", "was", "a", "model", "for", "the", "federal", "version", ".", "In", "combination", ",", "these", "laws", "criminalized", "criticism", "of", "the", "U.S.", "government", ",", "military", ",", "or", "symbols", "through", "speech", "or", "other", "means", ".", "The", "Montana", "Act", "led", "to", "the", "arrest", "of", "over", "200", "individuals", "and", "the", "conviction", "of", "78", ",", "mostly", "of", "German", "or", "Austrian", "descent", ".", "Over", "40", "spent", "time", "in", "prison", ".", "In", "May", "2006", ",", "then", "-", "Governor", "Brian", "Schweitzer", "posthumously", "issued", "full", "pardons", "for", "all", "those", "convicted", "of", "violating", "the", "Montana", "Sedition", "Act", "." ], "offsets": [ 0, 3, 8, 12, 14, 18, 23, 32, 39, 43, 53, 57, 60, 65, 71, 75, 81, 90, 93, 97, 106, 110, 113, 117, 119, 127, 130, 134, 138, 140, 143, 152, 156, 158, 162, 170, 182, 186, 193, 197, 205, 214, 217, 219, 225, 229, 231, 237, 241, 245, 253, 260, 262, 265, 276, 278, 284, 289, 302, 312, 315, 319, 324, 334, 336, 344, 346, 349, 357, 365, 372, 375, 381, 386, 388, 392, 400, 404, 408, 411, 415, 422, 425, 430, 434, 446, 450, 454, 465, 468, 470, 472, 479, 482, 489, 492, 501, 508, 510, 515, 518, 524, 529, 532, 538, 540, 543, 547, 551, 553, 557, 558, 567, 573, 584, 597, 604, 609, 617, 621, 625, 631, 641, 644, 654, 658, 666, 675, 678 ] }
2828bdd11c324f5880a6cb4e8c88b66a
How many of the 200 arrested in the Montana Act were convicted?
{ "tokens": [ "How", "many", "of", "the", "200", "arrested", "in", "the", "Montana", "Act", "were", "convicted", "?" ], "offsets": [ 0, 4, 9, 12, 16, 20, 29, 32, 36, 44, 48, 53, 62 ] }
{ "text": [ "78" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 468 ], "end": [ 469 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 89 ], "end": [ 89 ] } ] }
[ "78" ]
SQuAD
In paragraph 13 the judges raise the issue of the perpetrators' access to the victims: "The historical examples of genocide also suggest that the area of the perpetrators’ activity and control, as well as the possible extent of their reach, should be considered. ... The intent to destroy formed by a perpetrator of genocide will always be limited by the opportunity presented to him. While this factor alone will not indicate whether the targeted group is substantial, it can—in combination with other factors—inform the analysis."
{ "tokens": [ "In", "paragraph", "13", "the", "judges", "raise", "the", "issue", "of", "the", "perpetrators", "'", "access", "to", "the", "victims", ":", "\"", "The", "historical", "examples", "of", "genocide", "also", "suggest", "that", "the", "area", "of", "the", "perpetrators", "’", "activity", "and", "control", ",", "as", "well", "as", "the", "possible", "extent", "of", "their", "reach", ",", "should", "be", "considered", ".", "...", "The", "intent", "to", "destroy", "formed", "by", "a", "perpetrator", "of", "genocide", "will", "always", "be", "limited", "by", "the", "opportunity", "presented", "to", "him", ".", "While", "this", "factor", "alone", "will", "not", "indicate", "whether", "the", "targeted", "group", "is", "substantial", ",", "it", "can", "—", "in", "combination", "with", "other", "factors", "—", "inform", "the", "analysis", ".", "\"" ], "offsets": [ 0, 3, 13, 16, 20, 27, 33, 37, 43, 46, 50, 62, 64, 71, 74, 78, 85, 87, 88, 92, 103, 112, 115, 124, 129, 137, 142, 146, 151, 154, 158, 170, 172, 181, 185, 192, 194, 197, 202, 205, 209, 218, 225, 228, 234, 239, 241, 248, 251, 261, 263, 267, 271, 278, 281, 289, 296, 299, 301, 313, 316, 325, 330, 337, 340, 348, 351, 355, 367, 377, 380, 383, 385, 391, 396, 403, 409, 414, 418, 427, 435, 439, 448, 454, 457, 468, 470, 473, 476, 477, 480, 492, 497, 503, 510, 511, 518, 522, 530, 531 ] }
c70e3f0e47fe476a9fcac85e92c7cebe
The issue of what is raised by judges in Paragraph 13?
{ "tokens": [ "The", "issue", "of", "what", "is", "raised", "by", "judges", "in", "Paragraph", "13", "?" ], "offsets": [ 0, 4, 10, 13, 18, 21, 28, 31, 38, 41, 51, 53 ] }
{ "text": [ "perpetrators' access to the victims" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 50 ], "end": [ 84 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 10 ], "end": [ 15 ] } ] }
[ "perpetrators' access to the victims" ]
SQuAD
In paragraph 13 the judges raise the issue of the perpetrators' access to the victims: "The historical examples of genocide also suggest that the area of the perpetrators’ activity and control, as well as the possible extent of their reach, should be considered. ... The intent to destroy formed by a perpetrator of genocide will always be limited by the opportunity presented to him. While this factor alone will not indicate whether the targeted group is substantial, it can—in combination with other factors—inform the analysis."
{ "tokens": [ "In", "paragraph", "13", "the", "judges", "raise", "the", "issue", "of", "the", "perpetrators", "'", "access", "to", "the", "victims", ":", "\"", "The", "historical", "examples", "of", "genocide", "also", "suggest", "that", "the", "area", "of", "the", "perpetrators", "’", "activity", "and", "control", ",", "as", "well", "as", "the", "possible", "extent", "of", "their", "reach", ",", "should", "be", "considered", ".", "...", "The", "intent", "to", "destroy", "formed", "by", "a", "perpetrator", "of", "genocide", "will", "always", "be", "limited", "by", "the", "opportunity", "presented", "to", "him", ".", "While", "this", "factor", "alone", "will", "not", "indicate", "whether", "the", "targeted", "group", "is", "substantial", ",", "it", "can", "—", "in", "combination", "with", "other", "factors", "—", "inform", "the", "analysis", ".", "\"" ], "offsets": [ 0, 3, 13, 16, 20, 27, 33, 37, 43, 46, 50, 62, 64, 71, 74, 78, 85, 87, 88, 92, 103, 112, 115, 124, 129, 137, 142, 146, 151, 154, 158, 170, 172, 181, 185, 192, 194, 197, 202, 205, 209, 218, 225, 228, 234, 239, 241, 248, 251, 261, 263, 267, 271, 278, 281, 289, 296, 299, 301, 313, 316, 325, 330, 337, 340, 348, 351, 355, 367, 377, 380, 383, 385, 391, 396, 403, 409, 414, 418, 427, 435, 439, 448, 454, 457, 468, 470, 473, 476, 477, 480, 492, 497, 503, 510, 511, 518, 522, 530, 531 ] }
42b1cc677fd44b6ca082745b1c0d8da4
What is the basis for suggesting that several factors regarding the activity of the perpetrators be considered?
{ "tokens": [ "What", "is", "the", "basis", "for", "suggesting", "that", "several", "factors", "regarding", "the", "activity", "of", "the", "perpetrators", "be", "considered", "?" ], "offsets": [ 0, 5, 8, 12, 18, 22, 33, 38, 46, 54, 64, 68, 77, 80, 84, 97, 100, 110 ] }
{ "text": [ "historical examples of genocide" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 92 ], "end": [ 122 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 19 ], "end": [ 22 ] } ] }
[ "historical examples of genocide" ]
SQuAD
In paragraph 13 the judges raise the issue of the perpetrators' access to the victims: "The historical examples of genocide also suggest that the area of the perpetrators’ activity and control, as well as the possible extent of their reach, should be considered. ... The intent to destroy formed by a perpetrator of genocide will always be limited by the opportunity presented to him. While this factor alone will not indicate whether the targeted group is substantial, it can—in combination with other factors—inform the analysis."
{ "tokens": [ "In", "paragraph", "13", "the", "judges", "raise", "the", "issue", "of", "the", "perpetrators", "'", "access", "to", "the", "victims", ":", "\"", "The", "historical", "examples", "of", "genocide", "also", "suggest", "that", "the", "area", "of", "the", "perpetrators", "’", "activity", "and", "control", ",", "as", "well", "as", "the", "possible", "extent", "of", "their", "reach", ",", "should", "be", "considered", ".", "...", "The", "intent", "to", "destroy", "formed", "by", "a", "perpetrator", "of", "genocide", "will", "always", "be", "limited", "by", "the", "opportunity", "presented", "to", "him", ".", "While", "this", "factor", "alone", "will", "not", "indicate", "whether", "the", "targeted", "group", "is", "substantial", ",", "it", "can", "—", "in", "combination", "with", "other", "factors", "—", "inform", "the", "analysis", ".", "\"" ], "offsets": [ 0, 3, 13, 16, 20, 27, 33, 37, 43, 46, 50, 62, 64, 71, 74, 78, 85, 87, 88, 92, 103, 112, 115, 124, 129, 137, 142, 146, 151, 154, 158, 170, 172, 181, 185, 192, 194, 197, 202, 205, 209, 218, 225, 228, 234, 239, 241, 248, 251, 261, 263, 267, 271, 278, 281, 289, 296, 299, 301, 313, 316, 325, 330, 337, 340, 348, 351, 355, 367, 377, 380, 383, 385, 391, 396, 403, 409, 414, 418, 427, 435, 439, 448, 454, 457, 468, 470, 473, 476, 477, 480, 492, 497, 503, 510, 511, 518, 522, 530, 531 ] }
0cf5ec666ee6415c82e3fd3c9cb735cb
The extent of what by the perpetrators was considered in an examination of their activity and level of control?
{ "tokens": [ "The", "extent", "of", "what", "by", "the", "perpetrators", "was", "considered", "in", "an", "examination", "of", "their", "activity", "and", "level", "of", "control", "?" ], "offsets": [ 0, 4, 11, 14, 19, 22, 26, 39, 43, 54, 57, 60, 72, 75, 81, 90, 94, 100, 103, 110 ] }
{ "text": [ "possible extent of their reach" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 209 ], "end": [ 238 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 40 ], "end": [ 44 ] } ] }
[ "possible extent of their reach" ]
SQuAD
In paragraph 13 the judges raise the issue of the perpetrators' access to the victims: "The historical examples of genocide also suggest that the area of the perpetrators’ activity and control, as well as the possible extent of their reach, should be considered. ... The intent to destroy formed by a perpetrator of genocide will always be limited by the opportunity presented to him. While this factor alone will not indicate whether the targeted group is substantial, it can—in combination with other factors—inform the analysis."
{ "tokens": [ "In", "paragraph", "13", "the", "judges", "raise", "the", "issue", "of", "the", "perpetrators", "'", "access", "to", "the", "victims", ":", "\"", "The", "historical", "examples", "of", "genocide", "also", "suggest", "that", "the", "area", "of", "the", "perpetrators", "’", "activity", "and", "control", ",", "as", "well", "as", "the", "possible", "extent", "of", "their", "reach", ",", "should", "be", "considered", ".", "...", "The", "intent", "to", "destroy", "formed", "by", "a", "perpetrator", "of", "genocide", "will", "always", "be", "limited", "by", "the", "opportunity", "presented", "to", "him", ".", "While", "this", "factor", "alone", "will", "not", "indicate", "whether", "the", "targeted", "group", "is", "substantial", ",", "it", "can", "—", "in", "combination", "with", "other", "factors", "—", "inform", "the", "analysis", ".", "\"" ], "offsets": [ 0, 3, 13, 16, 20, 27, 33, 37, 43, 46, 50, 62, 64, 71, 74, 78, 85, 87, 88, 92, 103, 112, 115, 124, 129, 137, 142, 146, 151, 154, 158, 170, 172, 181, 185, 192, 194, 197, 202, 205, 209, 218, 225, 228, 234, 239, 241, 248, 251, 261, 263, 267, 271, 278, 281, 289, 296, 299, 301, 313, 316, 325, 330, 337, 340, 348, 351, 355, 367, 377, 380, 383, 385, 391, 396, 403, 409, 414, 418, 427, 435, 439, 448, 454, 457, 468, 470, 473, 476, 477, 480, 492, 497, 503, 510, 511, 518, 522, 530, 531 ] }
de86279407804ea69879b1f4cf688623
What will always be restricted in terms of a perpetrator's intent to destroy?
{ "tokens": [ "What", "will", "always", "be", "restricted", "in", "terms", "of", "a", "perpetrator", "'s", "intent", "to", "destroy", "?" ], "offsets": [ 0, 5, 10, 17, 20, 31, 34, 40, 43, 45, 56, 59, 66, 69, 76 ] }
{ "text": [ "the opportunity presented to him" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 351 ], "end": [ 382 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 66 ], "end": [ 70 ] } ] }
[ "the opportunity presented to him" ]
SQuAD
In paragraph 13 the judges raise the issue of the perpetrators' access to the victims: "The historical examples of genocide also suggest that the area of the perpetrators’ activity and control, as well as the possible extent of their reach, should be considered. ... The intent to destroy formed by a perpetrator of genocide will always be limited by the opportunity presented to him. While this factor alone will not indicate whether the targeted group is substantial, it can—in combination with other factors—inform the analysis."
{ "tokens": [ "In", "paragraph", "13", "the", "judges", "raise", "the", "issue", "of", "the", "perpetrators", "'", "access", "to", "the", "victims", ":", "\"", "The", "historical", "examples", "of", "genocide", "also", "suggest", "that", "the", "area", "of", "the", "perpetrators", "’", "activity", "and", "control", ",", "as", "well", "as", "the", "possible", "extent", "of", "their", "reach", ",", "should", "be", "considered", ".", "...", "The", "intent", "to", "destroy", "formed", "by", "a", "perpetrator", "of", "genocide", "will", "always", "be", "limited", "by", "the", "opportunity", "presented", "to", "him", ".", "While", "this", "factor", "alone", "will", "not", "indicate", "whether", "the", "targeted", "group", "is", "substantial", ",", "it", "can", "—", "in", "combination", "with", "other", "factors", "—", "inform", "the", "analysis", ".", "\"" ], "offsets": [ 0, 3, 13, 16, 20, 27, 33, 37, 43, 46, 50, 62, 64, 71, 74, 78, 85, 87, 88, 92, 103, 112, 115, 124, 129, 137, 142, 146, 151, 154, 158, 170, 172, 181, 185, 192, 194, 197, 202, 205, 209, 218, 225, 228, 234, 239, 241, 248, 251, 261, 263, 267, 271, 278, 281, 289, 296, 299, 301, 313, 316, 325, 330, 337, 340, 348, 351, 355, 367, 377, 380, 383, 385, 391, 396, 403, 409, 414, 418, 427, 435, 439, 448, 454, 457, 468, 470, 473, 476, 477, 480, 492, 497, 503, 510, 511, 518, 522, 530, 531 ] }
00321aabaa9a46d5838507829bd5f82d
While the factor cannot independently indicate if the targeted group is substantial, it can do what?
{ "tokens": [ "While", "the", "factor", "can", "not", "independently", "indicate", "if", "the", "targeted", "group", "is", "substantial", ",", "it", "can", "do", "what", "?" ], "offsets": [ 0, 6, 10, 17, 20, 24, 38, 47, 50, 54, 63, 69, 72, 83, 85, 88, 92, 95, 99 ] }
{ "text": [ "inform the analysis" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 511 ], "end": [ 529 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 95 ], "end": [ 97 ] } ] }
[ "inform the analysis" ]
SQuAD
The phrase "in whole or in part" has been subject to much discussion by scholars of international humanitarian law. The International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia found in Prosecutor v. Radislav Krstic – Trial Chamber I – Judgment – IT-98-33 (2001) ICTY8 (2 August 2001) that Genocide had been committed. In Prosecutor v. Radislav Krstic – Appeals Chamber – Judgment – IT-98-33 (2004) ICTY 7 (19 April 2004) paragraphs 8, 9, 10, and 11 addressed the issue of in part and found that "the part must be a substantial part of that group. The aim of the Genocide Convention is to prevent the intentional destruction of entire human groups, and the part targeted must be significant enough to have an impact on the group as a whole." The Appeals Chamber goes into details of other cases and the opinions of respected commentators on the Genocide Convention to explain how they came to this conclusion.
{ "tokens": [ "The", "phrase", "\"", "in", "whole", "or", "in", "part", "\"", "has", "been", "subject", "to", "much", "discussion", "by", "scholars", "of", "international", "humanitarian", "law", ".", "The", "International", "Criminal", "Tribunal", "for", "the", "Former", "Yugoslavia", "found", "in", "Prosecutor", "v.", "Radislav", "Krstic", "–", "Trial", "Chamber", "I", "–", "Judgment", "–", "IT-98", "-", "33", "(", "2001", ")", "ICTY8", "(", "2", "August", "2001", ")", "that", "Genocide", "had", "been", "committed", ".", "In", "Prosecutor", "v.", "Radislav", "Krstic", "–", "Appeals", "Chamber", "–", "Judgment", "–", "IT-98", "-", "33", "(", "2004", ")", "ICTY", "7", "(", "19", "April", "2004", ")", "paragraphs", "8", ",", "9", ",", "10", ",", "and", "11", "addressed", "the", "issue", "of", "in", "part", "and", "found", "that", "\"", "the", "part", "must", "be", "a", "substantial", "part", "of", "that", "group", ".", "The", "aim", "of", "the", "Genocide", "Convention", "is", "to", "prevent", "the", "intentional", "destruction", "of", "entire", "human", "groups", ",", "and", "the", "part", "targeted", "must", "be", "significant", "enough", "to", "have", "an", "impact", "on", "the", "group", "as", "a", "whole", ".", "\"", "The", "Appeals", "Chamber", "goes", "into", "details", "of", "other", "cases", "and", "the", "opinions", "of", "respected", "commentators", "on", "the", "Genocide", "Convention", "to", "explain", "how", "they", "came", "to", "this", "conclusion", "." ], "offsets": [ 0, 4, 11, 12, 15, 21, 24, 27, 31, 33, 37, 42, 50, 53, 58, 69, 72, 81, 84, 98, 111, 114, 116, 120, 134, 143, 152, 156, 160, 167, 178, 184, 187, 198, 201, 210, 217, 219, 225, 233, 235, 237, 246, 248, 253, 254, 257, 258, 262, 264, 270, 271, 273, 280, 284, 286, 291, 300, 304, 309, 318, 320, 323, 334, 337, 346, 353, 355, 363, 371, 373, 382, 384, 389, 390, 393, 394, 398, 400, 405, 407, 408, 411, 417, 421, 423, 434, 435, 437, 438, 440, 442, 444, 448, 451, 461, 465, 471, 474, 477, 482, 486, 492, 497, 498, 502, 507, 512, 515, 517, 529, 534, 537, 542, 547, 549, 553, 557, 560, 564, 573, 584, 587, 590, 598, 602, 614, 626, 629, 636, 642, 648, 650, 654, 658, 663, 672, 677, 680, 692, 699, 702, 707, 710, 717, 720, 724, 730, 733, 735, 740, 741, 743, 747, 755, 763, 768, 773, 781, 784, 790, 796, 800, 804, 813, 816, 826, 839, 842, 846, 855, 866, 869, 877, 881, 886, 891, 894, 899, 909 ] }
40d58860441f4fd9b3013a3e874b0e5f
In the judgement, it is stated that the aim of the Genocide Convention, at its most simplest, is preventing the destruction of which victims?
{ "tokens": [ "In", "the", "judgement", ",", "it", "is", "stated", "that", "the", "aim", "of", "the", "Genocide", "Convention", ",", "at", "its", "most", "simplest", ",", "is", "preventing", "the", "destruction", "of", "which", "victims", "?" ], "offsets": [ 0, 3, 7, 16, 18, 21, 24, 31, 36, 40, 44, 47, 51, 60, 70, 72, 75, 79, 84, 92, 94, 97, 108, 112, 124, 127, 133, 140 ] }
{ "text": [ "entire human groups" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 629 ], "end": [ 647 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 128 ], "end": [ 130 ] } ] }
[ "entire human groups" ]
SQuAD
The phrase "in whole or in part" has been subject to much discussion by scholars of international humanitarian law. The International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia found in Prosecutor v. Radislav Krstic – Trial Chamber I – Judgment – IT-98-33 (2001) ICTY8 (2 August 2001) that Genocide had been committed. In Prosecutor v. Radislav Krstic – Appeals Chamber – Judgment – IT-98-33 (2004) ICTY 7 (19 April 2004) paragraphs 8, 9, 10, and 11 addressed the issue of in part and found that "the part must be a substantial part of that group. The aim of the Genocide Convention is to prevent the intentional destruction of entire human groups, and the part targeted must be significant enough to have an impact on the group as a whole." The Appeals Chamber goes into details of other cases and the opinions of respected commentators on the Genocide Convention to explain how they came to this conclusion.
{ "tokens": [ "The", "phrase", "\"", "in", "whole", "or", "in", "part", "\"", "has", "been", "subject", "to", "much", "discussion", "by", "scholars", "of", "international", "humanitarian", "law", ".", "The", "International", "Criminal", "Tribunal", "for", "the", "Former", "Yugoslavia", "found", "in", "Prosecutor", "v.", "Radislav", "Krstic", "–", "Trial", "Chamber", "I", "–", "Judgment", "–", "IT-98", "-", "33", "(", "2001", ")", "ICTY8", "(", "2", "August", "2001", ")", "that", "Genocide", "had", "been", "committed", ".", "In", "Prosecutor", "v.", "Radislav", "Krstic", "–", "Appeals", "Chamber", "–", "Judgment", "–", "IT-98", "-", "33", "(", "2004", ")", "ICTY", "7", "(", "19", "April", "2004", ")", "paragraphs", "8", ",", "9", ",", "10", ",", "and", "11", "addressed", "the", "issue", "of", "in", "part", "and", "found", "that", "\"", "the", "part", "must", "be", "a", "substantial", "part", "of", "that", "group", ".", "The", "aim", "of", "the", "Genocide", "Convention", "is", "to", "prevent", "the", "intentional", "destruction", "of", "entire", "human", "groups", ",", "and", "the", "part", "targeted", "must", "be", "significant", "enough", "to", "have", "an", "impact", "on", "the", "group", "as", "a", "whole", ".", "\"", "The", "Appeals", "Chamber", "goes", "into", "details", "of", "other", "cases", "and", "the", "opinions", "of", "respected", "commentators", "on", "the", "Genocide", "Convention", "to", "explain", "how", "they", "came", "to", "this", "conclusion", "." ], "offsets": [ 0, 4, 11, 12, 15, 21, 24, 27, 31, 33, 37, 42, 50, 53, 58, 69, 72, 81, 84, 98, 111, 114, 116, 120, 134, 143, 152, 156, 160, 167, 178, 184, 187, 198, 201, 210, 217, 219, 225, 233, 235, 237, 246, 248, 253, 254, 257, 258, 262, 264, 270, 271, 273, 280, 284, 286, 291, 300, 304, 309, 318, 320, 323, 334, 337, 346, 353, 355, 363, 371, 373, 382, 384, 389, 390, 393, 394, 398, 400, 405, 407, 408, 411, 417, 421, 423, 434, 435, 437, 438, 440, 442, 444, 448, 451, 461, 465, 471, 474, 477, 482, 486, 492, 497, 498, 502, 507, 512, 515, 517, 529, 534, 537, 542, 547, 549, 553, 557, 560, 564, 573, 584, 587, 590, 598, 602, 614, 626, 629, 636, 642, 648, 650, 654, 658, 663, 672, 677, 680, 692, 699, 702, 707, 710, 717, 720, 724, 730, 733, 735, 740, 741, 743, 747, 755, 763, 768, 773, 781, 784, 790, 796, 800, 804, 813, 816, 826, 839, 842, 846, 855, 866, 869, 877, 881, 886, 891, 894, 899, 909 ] }
a783c29de225423a83cd9f4d274802cb
In addressing the issue of "in part," the Appeals Chamber found that the part must be a substantial part of what?
{ "tokens": [ "In", "addressing", "the", "issue", "of", "\"", "in", "part", ",", "\"", "the", "Appeals", "Chamber", "found", "that", "the", "part", "must", "be", "a", "substantial", "part", "of", "what", "?" ], "offsets": [ 0, 3, 14, 18, 24, 27, 28, 31, 35, 36, 38, 42, 50, 58, 64, 69, 73, 78, 83, 86, 88, 100, 105, 108, 112 ] }
{ "text": [ "that group" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 537 ], "end": [ 546 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 112 ], "end": [ 113 ] } ] }
[ "that group" ]
SQuAD
The phrase "in whole or in part" has been subject to much discussion by scholars of international humanitarian law. The International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia found in Prosecutor v. Radislav Krstic – Trial Chamber I – Judgment – IT-98-33 (2001) ICTY8 (2 August 2001) that Genocide had been committed. In Prosecutor v. Radislav Krstic – Appeals Chamber – Judgment – IT-98-33 (2004) ICTY 7 (19 April 2004) paragraphs 8, 9, 10, and 11 addressed the issue of in part and found that "the part must be a substantial part of that group. The aim of the Genocide Convention is to prevent the intentional destruction of entire human groups, and the part targeted must be significant enough to have an impact on the group as a whole." The Appeals Chamber goes into details of other cases and the opinions of respected commentators on the Genocide Convention to explain how they came to this conclusion.
{ "tokens": [ "The", "phrase", "\"", "in", "whole", "or", "in", "part", "\"", "has", "been", "subject", "to", "much", "discussion", "by", "scholars", "of", "international", "humanitarian", "law", ".", "The", "International", "Criminal", "Tribunal", "for", "the", "Former", "Yugoslavia", "found", "in", "Prosecutor", "v.", "Radislav", "Krstic", "–", "Trial", "Chamber", "I", "–", "Judgment", "–", "IT-98", "-", "33", "(", "2001", ")", "ICTY8", "(", "2", "August", "2001", ")", "that", "Genocide", "had", "been", "committed", ".", "In", "Prosecutor", "v.", "Radislav", "Krstic", "–", "Appeals", "Chamber", "–", "Judgment", "–", "IT-98", "-", "33", "(", "2004", ")", "ICTY", "7", "(", "19", "April", "2004", ")", "paragraphs", "8", ",", "9", ",", "10", ",", "and", "11", "addressed", "the", "issue", "of", "in", "part", "and", "found", "that", "\"", "the", "part", "must", "be", "a", "substantial", "part", "of", "that", "group", ".", "The", "aim", "of", "the", "Genocide", "Convention", "is", "to", "prevent", "the", "intentional", "destruction", "of", "entire", "human", "groups", ",", "and", "the", "part", "targeted", "must", "be", "significant", "enough", "to", "have", "an", "impact", "on", "the", "group", "as", "a", "whole", ".", "\"", "The", "Appeals", "Chamber", "goes", "into", "details", "of", "other", "cases", "and", "the", "opinions", "of", "respected", "commentators", "on", "the", "Genocide", "Convention", "to", "explain", "how", "they", "came", "to", "this", "conclusion", "." ], "offsets": [ 0, 4, 11, 12, 15, 21, 24, 27, 31, 33, 37, 42, 50, 53, 58, 69, 72, 81, 84, 98, 111, 114, 116, 120, 134, 143, 152, 156, 160, 167, 178, 184, 187, 198, 201, 210, 217, 219, 225, 233, 235, 237, 246, 248, 253, 254, 257, 258, 262, 264, 270, 271, 273, 280, 284, 286, 291, 300, 304, 309, 318, 320, 323, 334, 337, 346, 353, 355, 363, 371, 373, 382, 384, 389, 390, 393, 394, 398, 400, 405, 407, 408, 411, 417, 421, 423, 434, 435, 437, 438, 440, 442, 444, 448, 451, 461, 465, 471, 474, 477, 482, 486, 492, 497, 498, 502, 507, 512, 515, 517, 529, 534, 537, 542, 547, 549, 553, 557, 560, 564, 573, 584, 587, 590, 598, 602, 614, 626, 629, 636, 642, 648, 650, 654, 658, 663, 672, 677, 680, 692, 699, 702, 707, 710, 717, 720, 724, 730, 733, 735, 740, 741, 743, 747, 755, 763, 768, 773, 781, 784, 790, 796, 800, 804, 813, 816, 826, 839, 842, 846, 855, 866, 869, 877, 881, 886, 891, 894, 899, 909 ] }
c85bf26819d4449aaa6118340822ed32
Which phrase is especially contentious within international humanitarian law?
{ "tokens": [ "Which", "phrase", "is", "especially", "contentious", "within", "international", "humanitarian", "law", "?" ], "offsets": [ 0, 6, 13, 16, 27, 39, 46, 60, 73, 76 ] }
{ "text": [ "\"in whole or in part\"" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 11 ], "end": [ 31 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 2 ], "end": [ 8 ] } ] }
[ "\"in whole or in part\"" ]
SQuAD
The phrase "in whole or in part" has been subject to much discussion by scholars of international humanitarian law. The International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia found in Prosecutor v. Radislav Krstic – Trial Chamber I – Judgment – IT-98-33 (2001) ICTY8 (2 August 2001) that Genocide had been committed. In Prosecutor v. Radislav Krstic – Appeals Chamber – Judgment – IT-98-33 (2004) ICTY 7 (19 April 2004) paragraphs 8, 9, 10, and 11 addressed the issue of in part and found that "the part must be a substantial part of that group. The aim of the Genocide Convention is to prevent the intentional destruction of entire human groups, and the part targeted must be significant enough to have an impact on the group as a whole." The Appeals Chamber goes into details of other cases and the opinions of respected commentators on the Genocide Convention to explain how they came to this conclusion.
{ "tokens": [ "The", "phrase", "\"", "in", "whole", "or", "in", "part", "\"", "has", "been", "subject", "to", "much", "discussion", "by", "scholars", "of", "international", "humanitarian", "law", ".", "The", "International", "Criminal", "Tribunal", "for", "the", "Former", "Yugoslavia", "found", "in", "Prosecutor", "v.", "Radislav", "Krstic", "–", "Trial", "Chamber", "I", "–", "Judgment", "–", "IT-98", "-", "33", "(", "2001", ")", "ICTY8", "(", "2", "August", "2001", ")", "that", "Genocide", "had", "been", "committed", ".", "In", "Prosecutor", "v.", "Radislav", "Krstic", "–", "Appeals", "Chamber", "–", "Judgment", "–", "IT-98", "-", "33", "(", "2004", ")", "ICTY", "7", "(", "19", "April", "2004", ")", "paragraphs", "8", ",", "9", ",", "10", ",", "and", "11", "addressed", "the", "issue", "of", "in", "part", "and", "found", "that", "\"", "the", "part", "must", "be", "a", "substantial", "part", "of", "that", "group", ".", "The", "aim", "of", "the", "Genocide", "Convention", "is", "to", "prevent", "the", "intentional", "destruction", "of", "entire", "human", "groups", ",", "and", "the", "part", "targeted", "must", "be", "significant", "enough", "to", "have", "an", "impact", "on", "the", "group", "as", "a", "whole", ".", "\"", "The", "Appeals", "Chamber", "goes", "into", "details", "of", "other", "cases", "and", "the", "opinions", "of", "respected", "commentators", "on", "the", "Genocide", "Convention", "to", "explain", "how", "they", "came", "to", "this", "conclusion", "." ], "offsets": [ 0, 4, 11, 12, 15, 21, 24, 27, 31, 33, 37, 42, 50, 53, 58, 69, 72, 81, 84, 98, 111, 114, 116, 120, 134, 143, 152, 156, 160, 167, 178, 184, 187, 198, 201, 210, 217, 219, 225, 233, 235, 237, 246, 248, 253, 254, 257, 258, 262, 264, 270, 271, 273, 280, 284, 286, 291, 300, 304, 309, 318, 320, 323, 334, 337, 346, 353, 355, 363, 371, 373, 382, 384, 389, 390, 393, 394, 398, 400, 405, 407, 408, 411, 417, 421, 423, 434, 435, 437, 438, 440, 442, 444, 448, 451, 461, 465, 471, 474, 477, 482, 486, 492, 497, 498, 502, 507, 512, 515, 517, 529, 534, 537, 542, 547, 549, 553, 557, 560, 564, 573, 584, 587, 590, 598, 602, 614, 626, 629, 636, 642, 648, 650, 654, 658, 663, 672, 677, 680, 692, 699, 702, 707, 710, 717, 720, 724, 730, 733, 735, 740, 741, 743, 747, 755, 763, 768, 773, 781, 784, 790, 796, 800, 804, 813, 816, 826, 839, 842, 846, 855, 866, 869, 877, 881, 886, 891, 894, 899, 909 ] }
824c296de80e498096b6f4a2bb677500
What 2001 case was declared genocide by the International Criminal Tribune for the Former Yugoslavia (ICTY)?
{ "tokens": [ "What", "2001", "case", "was", "declared", "genocide", "by", "the", "International", "Criminal", "Tribune", "for", "the", "Former", "Yugoslavia", "(", "ICTY", ")", "?" ], "offsets": [ 0, 5, 10, 15, 19, 28, 37, 40, 44, 58, 67, 75, 79, 83, 90, 101, 102, 106, 107 ] }
{ "text": [ "Prosecutor v. Radislav Krstic" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 187 ], "end": [ 215 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 32 ], "end": [ 35 ] } ] }
[ "Prosecutor v. Radislav Krstic" ]
SQuAD
The phrase "in whole or in part" has been subject to much discussion by scholars of international humanitarian law. The International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia found in Prosecutor v. Radislav Krstic – Trial Chamber I – Judgment – IT-98-33 (2001) ICTY8 (2 August 2001) that Genocide had been committed. In Prosecutor v. Radislav Krstic – Appeals Chamber – Judgment – IT-98-33 (2004) ICTY 7 (19 April 2004) paragraphs 8, 9, 10, and 11 addressed the issue of in part and found that "the part must be a substantial part of that group. The aim of the Genocide Convention is to prevent the intentional destruction of entire human groups, and the part targeted must be significant enough to have an impact on the group as a whole." The Appeals Chamber goes into details of other cases and the opinions of respected commentators on the Genocide Convention to explain how they came to this conclusion.
{ "tokens": [ "The", "phrase", "\"", "in", "whole", "or", "in", "part", "\"", "has", "been", "subject", "to", "much", "discussion", "by", "scholars", "of", "international", "humanitarian", "law", ".", "The", "International", "Criminal", "Tribunal", "for", "the", "Former", "Yugoslavia", "found", "in", "Prosecutor", "v.", "Radislav", "Krstic", "–", "Trial", "Chamber", "I", "–", "Judgment", "–", "IT-98", "-", "33", "(", "2001", ")", "ICTY8", "(", "2", "August", "2001", ")", "that", "Genocide", "had", "been", "committed", ".", "In", "Prosecutor", "v.", "Radislav", "Krstic", "–", "Appeals", "Chamber", "–", "Judgment", "–", "IT-98", "-", "33", "(", "2004", ")", "ICTY", "7", "(", "19", "April", "2004", ")", "paragraphs", "8", ",", "9", ",", "10", ",", "and", "11", "addressed", "the", "issue", "of", "in", "part", "and", "found", "that", "\"", "the", "part", "must", "be", "a", "substantial", "part", "of", "that", "group", ".", "The", "aim", "of", "the", "Genocide", "Convention", "is", "to", "prevent", "the", "intentional", "destruction", "of", "entire", "human", "groups", ",", "and", "the", "part", "targeted", "must", "be", "significant", "enough", "to", "have", "an", "impact", "on", "the", "group", "as", "a", "whole", ".", "\"", "The", "Appeals", "Chamber", "goes", "into", "details", "of", "other", "cases", "and", "the", "opinions", "of", "respected", "commentators", "on", "the", "Genocide", "Convention", "to", "explain", "how", "they", "came", "to", "this", "conclusion", "." ], "offsets": [ 0, 4, 11, 12, 15, 21, 24, 27, 31, 33, 37, 42, 50, 53, 58, 69, 72, 81, 84, 98, 111, 114, 116, 120, 134, 143, 152, 156, 160, 167, 178, 184, 187, 198, 201, 210, 217, 219, 225, 233, 235, 237, 246, 248, 253, 254, 257, 258, 262, 264, 270, 271, 273, 280, 284, 286, 291, 300, 304, 309, 318, 320, 323, 334, 337, 346, 353, 355, 363, 371, 373, 382, 384, 389, 390, 393, 394, 398, 400, 405, 407, 408, 411, 417, 421, 423, 434, 435, 437, 438, 440, 442, 444, 448, 451, 461, 465, 471, 474, 477, 482, 486, 492, 497, 498, 502, 507, 512, 515, 517, 529, 534, 537, 542, 547, 549, 553, 557, 560, 564, 573, 584, 587, 590, 598, 602, 614, 626, 629, 636, 642, 648, 650, 654, 658, 663, 672, 677, 680, 692, 699, 702, 707, 710, 717, 720, 724, 730, 733, 735, 740, 741, 743, 747, 755, 763, 768, 773, 781, 784, 790, 796, 800, 804, 813, 816, 826, 839, 842, 846, 855, 866, 869, 877, 881, 886, 891, 894, 899, 909 ] }
b9ad929417b64faa805ee39f2145ae3c
Who contributed to guiding the Appeals chamber in its conclusion?
{ "tokens": [ "Who", "contributed", "to", "guiding", "the", "Appeals", "chamber", "in", "its", "conclusion", "?" ], "offsets": [ 0, 4, 16, 19, 27, 31, 39, 47, 50, 54, 64 ] }
{ "text": [ "opinions of respected commentators" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 804 ], "end": [ 837 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 163 ], "end": [ 166 ] } ] }
[ "opinions of respected commentators" ]
SQuAD
In 2007 the European Court of Human Rights (ECHR), noted in its judgement on Jorgic v. Germany case that in 1992 the majority of legal scholars took the narrow view that "intent to destroy" in the CPPCG meant the intended physical-biological destruction of the protected group and that this was still the majority opinion. But the ECHR also noted that a minority took a broader view and did not consider biological-physical destruction was necessary as the intent to destroy a national, racial, religious or ethnic group was enough to qualify as genocide.
{ "tokens": [ "In", "2007", "the", "European", "Court", "of", "Human", "Rights", "(", "ECHR", ")", ",", "noted", "in", "its", "judgement", "on", "Jorgic", "v.", "Germany", "case", "that", "in", "1992", "the", "majority", "of", "legal", "scholars", "took", "the", "narrow", "view", "that", "\"", "intent", "to", "destroy", "\"", "in", "the", "CPPCG", "meant", "the", "intended", "physical", "-", "biological", "destruction", "of", "the", "protected", "group", "and", "that", "this", "was", "still", "the", "majority", "opinion", ".", "But", "the", "ECHR", "also", "noted", "that", "a", "minority", "took", "a", "broader", "view", "and", "did", "not", "consider", "biological", "-", "physical", "destruction", "was", "necessary", "as", "the", "intent", "to", "destroy", "a", "national", ",", "racial", ",", "religious", "or", "ethnic", "group", "was", "enough", "to", "qualify", "as", "genocide", "." ], "offsets": [ 0, 3, 8, 12, 21, 27, 30, 36, 43, 44, 48, 49, 51, 57, 60, 64, 74, 77, 84, 87, 95, 100, 105, 108, 113, 117, 126, 129, 135, 144, 149, 153, 160, 165, 170, 171, 178, 181, 188, 190, 193, 197, 203, 209, 213, 222, 230, 231, 242, 254, 257, 261, 271, 277, 281, 286, 291, 295, 301, 305, 314, 321, 323, 327, 331, 336, 341, 347, 352, 354, 363, 368, 370, 378, 383, 387, 391, 395, 404, 414, 415, 424, 436, 440, 450, 453, 457, 464, 467, 475, 477, 485, 487, 493, 495, 505, 508, 515, 521, 525, 532, 535, 543, 546, 554 ] }
91cec13c86c24b1d9746bfea0a7b1a7b
Which group was accused by the ECHR of having an overly constricted idea of the meaning of destruction in defining genocide?
{ "tokens": [ "Which", "group", "was", "accused", "by", "the", "ECHR", "of", "having", "an", "overly", "constricted", "idea", "of", "the", "meaning", "of", "destruction", "in", "defining", "genocide", "?" ], "offsets": [ 0, 6, 12, 16, 24, 27, 31, 36, 39, 46, 49, 56, 68, 73, 76, 80, 88, 91, 103, 106, 115, 123 ] }
{ "text": [ "majority of legal scholars" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 117 ], "end": [ 142 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 25 ], "end": [ 28 ] } ] }
[ "majority of legal scholars" ]
SQuAD
In 2007 the European Court of Human Rights (ECHR), noted in its judgement on Jorgic v. Germany case that in 1992 the majority of legal scholars took the narrow view that "intent to destroy" in the CPPCG meant the intended physical-biological destruction of the protected group and that this was still the majority opinion. But the ECHR also noted that a minority took a broader view and did not consider biological-physical destruction was necessary as the intent to destroy a national, racial, religious or ethnic group was enough to qualify as genocide.
{ "tokens": [ "In", "2007", "the", "European", "Court", "of", "Human", "Rights", "(", "ECHR", ")", ",", "noted", "in", "its", "judgement", "on", "Jorgic", "v.", "Germany", "case", "that", "in", "1992", "the", "majority", "of", "legal", "scholars", "took", "the", "narrow", "view", "that", "\"", "intent", "to", "destroy", "\"", "in", "the", "CPPCG", "meant", "the", "intended", "physical", "-", "biological", "destruction", "of", "the", "protected", "group", "and", "that", "this", "was", "still", "the", "majority", "opinion", ".", "But", "the", "ECHR", "also", "noted", "that", "a", "minority", "took", "a", "broader", "view", "and", "did", "not", "consider", "biological", "-", "physical", "destruction", "was", "necessary", "as", "the", "intent", "to", "destroy", "a", "national", ",", "racial", ",", "religious", "or", "ethnic", "group", "was", "enough", "to", "qualify", "as", "genocide", "." ], "offsets": [ 0, 3, 8, 12, 21, 27, 30, 36, 43, 44, 48, 49, 51, 57, 60, 64, 74, 77, 84, 87, 95, 100, 105, 108, 113, 117, 126, 129, 135, 144, 149, 153, 160, 165, 170, 171, 178, 181, 188, 190, 193, 197, 203, 209, 213, 222, 230, 231, 242, 254, 257, 261, 271, 277, 281, 286, 291, 295, 301, 305, 314, 321, 323, 327, 331, 336, 341, 347, 352, 354, 363, 368, 370, 378, 383, 387, 391, 395, 404, 414, 415, 424, 436, 440, 450, 453, 457, 464, 467, 475, 477, 485, 487, 493, 495, 505, 508, 515, 521, 525, 532, 535, 543, 546, 554 ] }
ce1ab614794e43d687c8c71f717f7172
What groups did the ECHR feel should be included as potential victims of genocide?
{ "tokens": [ "What", "groups", "did", "the", "ECHR", "feel", "should", "be", "included", "as", "potential", "victims", "of", "genocide", "?" ], "offsets": [ 0, 5, 12, 16, 20, 25, 30, 37, 40, 49, 52, 62, 70, 73, 81 ] }
{ "text": [ "national, racial, religious or ethnic" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 477 ], "end": [ 513 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 90 ], "end": [ 96 ] } ] }
[ "national, racial, religious or ethnic" ]
SQuAD
In 2007 the European Court of Human Rights (ECHR), noted in its judgement on Jorgic v. Germany case that in 1992 the majority of legal scholars took the narrow view that "intent to destroy" in the CPPCG meant the intended physical-biological destruction of the protected group and that this was still the majority opinion. But the ECHR also noted that a minority took a broader view and did not consider biological-physical destruction was necessary as the intent to destroy a national, racial, religious or ethnic group was enough to qualify as genocide.
{ "tokens": [ "In", "2007", "the", "European", "Court", "of", "Human", "Rights", "(", "ECHR", ")", ",", "noted", "in", "its", "judgement", "on", "Jorgic", "v.", "Germany", "case", "that", "in", "1992", "the", "majority", "of", "legal", "scholars", "took", "the", "narrow", "view", "that", "\"", "intent", "to", "destroy", "\"", "in", "the", "CPPCG", "meant", "the", "intended", "physical", "-", "biological", "destruction", "of", "the", "protected", "group", "and", "that", "this", "was", "still", "the", "majority", "opinion", ".", "But", "the", "ECHR", "also", "noted", "that", "a", "minority", "took", "a", "broader", "view", "and", "did", "not", "consider", "biological", "-", "physical", "destruction", "was", "necessary", "as", "the", "intent", "to", "destroy", "a", "national", ",", "racial", ",", "religious", "or", "ethnic", "group", "was", "enough", "to", "qualify", "as", "genocide", "." ], "offsets": [ 0, 3, 8, 12, 21, 27, 30, 36, 43, 44, 48, 49, 51, 57, 60, 64, 74, 77, 84, 87, 95, 100, 105, 108, 113, 117, 126, 129, 135, 144, 149, 153, 160, 165, 170, 171, 178, 181, 188, 190, 193, 197, 203, 209, 213, 222, 230, 231, 242, 254, 257, 261, 271, 277, 281, 286, 291, 295, 301, 305, 314, 321, 323, 327, 331, 336, 341, 347, 352, 354, 363, 368, 370, 378, 383, 387, 391, 395, 404, 414, 415, 424, 436, 440, 450, 453, 457, 464, 467, 475, 477, 485, 487, 493, 495, 505, 508, 515, 521, 525, 532, 535, 543, 546, 554 ] }
21a2b78a85074aca8bd74e5bed8edbb5
In 2007 what former case did the European Court of Human Rights draw on to further refine qualifiers of genocide?
{ "tokens": [ "In", "2007", "what", "former", "case", "did", "the", "European", "Court", "of", "Human", "Rights", "draw", "on", "to", "further", "refine", "qualifiers", "of", "genocide", "?" ], "offsets": [ 0, 3, 8, 13, 20, 25, 29, 33, 42, 48, 51, 57, 64, 69, 72, 75, 83, 90, 101, 104, 112 ] }
{ "text": [ "Jorgic v. Germany" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 77 ], "end": [ 93 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 17 ], "end": [ 19 ] } ] }
[ "Jorgic v. Germany" ]
SQuAD
In 2007 the European Court of Human Rights (ECHR), noted in its judgement on Jorgic v. Germany case that in 1992 the majority of legal scholars took the narrow view that "intent to destroy" in the CPPCG meant the intended physical-biological destruction of the protected group and that this was still the majority opinion. But the ECHR also noted that a minority took a broader view and did not consider biological-physical destruction was necessary as the intent to destroy a national, racial, religious or ethnic group was enough to qualify as genocide.
{ "tokens": [ "In", "2007", "the", "European", "Court", "of", "Human", "Rights", "(", "ECHR", ")", ",", "noted", "in", "its", "judgement", "on", "Jorgic", "v.", "Germany", "case", "that", "in", "1992", "the", "majority", "of", "legal", "scholars", "took", "the", "narrow", "view", "that", "\"", "intent", "to", "destroy", "\"", "in", "the", "CPPCG", "meant", "the", "intended", "physical", "-", "biological", "destruction", "of", "the", "protected", "group", "and", "that", "this", "was", "still", "the", "majority", "opinion", ".", "But", "the", "ECHR", "also", "noted", "that", "a", "minority", "took", "a", "broader", "view", "and", "did", "not", "consider", "biological", "-", "physical", "destruction", "was", "necessary", "as", "the", "intent", "to", "destroy", "a", "national", ",", "racial", ",", "religious", "or", "ethnic", "group", "was", "enough", "to", "qualify", "as", "genocide", "." ], "offsets": [ 0, 3, 8, 12, 21, 27, 30, 36, 43, 44, 48, 49, 51, 57, 60, 64, 74, 77, 84, 87, 95, 100, 105, 108, 113, 117, 126, 129, 135, 144, 149, 153, 160, 165, 170, 171, 178, 181, 188, 190, 193, 197, 203, 209, 213, 222, 230, 231, 242, 254, 257, 261, 271, 277, 281, 286, 291, 295, 301, 305, 314, 321, 323, 327, 331, 336, 341, 347, 352, 354, 363, 368, 370, 378, 383, 387, 391, 395, 404, 414, 415, 424, 436, 440, 450, 453, 457, 464, 467, 475, 477, 485, 487, 493, 495, 505, 508, 515, 521, 525, 532, 535, 543, 546, 554 ] }
834312dfd17b40d9ab087d7b0c6e2709
What form of destruction was considered too limited by a smaller group of experts?
{ "tokens": [ "What", "form", "of", "destruction", "was", "considered", "too", "limited", "by", "a", "smaller", "group", "of", "experts", "?" ], "offsets": [ 0, 5, 10, 13, 25, 29, 40, 44, 52, 55, 57, 65, 71, 74, 81 ] }
{ "text": [ "biological-physical" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 404 ], "end": [ 422 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 78 ], "end": [ 80 ] } ] }
[ "biological-physical" ]
SQuAD
Writing in 1998 Kurt Jonassohn and Karin Björnson stated that the CPPCG was a legal instrument resulting from a diplomatic compromise. As such the wording of the treaty is not intended to be a definition suitable as a research tool, and although it is used for this purpose, as it has an international legal credibility that others lack, other definitions have also been postulated. Jonassohn and Björnson go on to say that none of these alternative definitions have gained widespread support for various reasons.
{ "tokens": [ "Writing", "in", "1998", "Kurt", "Jonassohn", "and", "Karin", "Björnson", "stated", "that", "the", "CPPCG", "was", "a", "legal", "instrument", "resulting", "from", "a", "diplomatic", "compromise", ".", "As", "such", "the", "wording", "of", "the", "treaty", "is", "not", "intended", "to", "be", "a", "definition", "suitable", "as", "a", "research", "tool", ",", "and", "although", "it", "is", "used", "for", "this", "purpose", ",", "as", "it", "has", "an", "international", "legal", "credibility", "that", "others", "lack", ",", "other", "definitions", "have", "also", "been", "postulated", ".", "Jonassohn", "and", "Björnson", "go", "on", "to", "say", "that", "none", "of", "these", "alternative", "definitions", "have", "gained", "widespread", "support", "for", "various", "reasons", "." ], "offsets": [ 0, 8, 11, 16, 21, 31, 35, 41, 50, 57, 62, 66, 72, 76, 78, 84, 95, 105, 110, 112, 123, 133, 135, 138, 143, 147, 155, 158, 162, 169, 172, 176, 185, 188, 191, 193, 204, 213, 216, 218, 227, 231, 233, 237, 246, 249, 252, 257, 261, 266, 273, 275, 278, 281, 285, 288, 302, 308, 320, 325, 332, 336, 338, 344, 356, 361, 366, 371, 381, 383, 393, 397, 406, 409, 412, 415, 419, 424, 429, 432, 438, 450, 462, 467, 474, 485, 493, 497, 505, 512 ] }
f39187e06d964e6e886bbcc02bc14cea
In 1998 it was written that the CPPCG was a legal entity resulting in which type of compromise?
{ "tokens": [ "In", "1998", "it", "was", "written", "that", "the", "CPPCG", "was", "a", "legal", "entity", "resulting", "in", "which", "type", "of", "compromise", "?" ], "offsets": [ 0, 3, 8, 11, 15, 23, 28, 32, 38, 42, 44, 50, 57, 67, 70, 76, 81, 84, 94 ] }
{ "text": [ "a diplomatic compromise" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 110 ], "end": [ 132 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 18 ], "end": [ 20 ] } ] }
[ "a diplomatic compromise" ]
SQuAD
Writing in 1998 Kurt Jonassohn and Karin Björnson stated that the CPPCG was a legal instrument resulting from a diplomatic compromise. As such the wording of the treaty is not intended to be a definition suitable as a research tool, and although it is used for this purpose, as it has an international legal credibility that others lack, other definitions have also been postulated. Jonassohn and Björnson go on to say that none of these alternative definitions have gained widespread support for various reasons.
{ "tokens": [ "Writing", "in", "1998", "Kurt", "Jonassohn", "and", "Karin", "Björnson", "stated", "that", "the", "CPPCG", "was", "a", "legal", "instrument", "resulting", "from", "a", "diplomatic", "compromise", ".", "As", "such", "the", "wording", "of", "the", "treaty", "is", "not", "intended", "to", "be", "a", "definition", "suitable", "as", "a", "research", "tool", ",", "and", "although", "it", "is", "used", "for", "this", "purpose", ",", "as", "it", "has", "an", "international", "legal", "credibility", "that", "others", "lack", ",", "other", "definitions", "have", "also", "been", "postulated", ".", "Jonassohn", "and", "Björnson", "go", "on", "to", "say", "that", "none", "of", "these", "alternative", "definitions", "have", "gained", "widespread", "support", "for", "various", "reasons", "." ], "offsets": [ 0, 8, 11, 16, 21, 31, 35, 41, 50, 57, 62, 66, 72, 76, 78, 84, 95, 105, 110, 112, 123, 133, 135, 138, 143, 147, 155, 158, 162, 169, 172, 176, 185, 188, 191, 193, 204, 213, 216, 218, 227, 231, 233, 237, 246, 249, 252, 257, 261, 266, 273, 275, 278, 281, 285, 288, 302, 308, 320, 325, 332, 336, 338, 344, 356, 361, 366, 371, 381, 383, 393, 397, 406, 409, 412, 415, 419, 424, 429, 432, 438, 450, 462, 467, 474, 485, 493, 497, 505, 512 ] }
2f081b9c9718413ca664b340fbf378c7
Rather than a definition, the text of the treaty is considered as what type of tool?
{ "tokens": [ "Rather", "than", "a", "definition", ",", "the", "text", "of", "the", "treaty", "is", "considered", "as", "what", "type", "of", "tool", "?" ], "offsets": [ 0, 7, 12, 14, 24, 26, 30, 35, 38, 42, 49, 52, 63, 66, 71, 76, 79, 83 ] }
{ "text": [ "a research tool" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 216 ], "end": [ 230 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 38 ], "end": [ 40 ] } ] }
[ "a research tool" ]
SQuAD
Writing in 1998 Kurt Jonassohn and Karin Björnson stated that the CPPCG was a legal instrument resulting from a diplomatic compromise. As such the wording of the treaty is not intended to be a definition suitable as a research tool, and although it is used for this purpose, as it has an international legal credibility that others lack, other definitions have also been postulated. Jonassohn and Björnson go on to say that none of these alternative definitions have gained widespread support for various reasons.
{ "tokens": [ "Writing", "in", "1998", "Kurt", "Jonassohn", "and", "Karin", "Björnson", "stated", "that", "the", "CPPCG", "was", "a", "legal", "instrument", "resulting", "from", "a", "diplomatic", "compromise", ".", "As", "such", "the", "wording", "of", "the", "treaty", "is", "not", "intended", "to", "be", "a", "definition", "suitable", "as", "a", "research", "tool", ",", "and", "although", "it", "is", "used", "for", "this", "purpose", ",", "as", "it", "has", "an", "international", "legal", "credibility", "that", "others", "lack", ",", "other", "definitions", "have", "also", "been", "postulated", ".", "Jonassohn", "and", "Björnson", "go", "on", "to", "say", "that", "none", "of", "these", "alternative", "definitions", "have", "gained", "widespread", "support", "for", "various", "reasons", "." ], "offsets": [ 0, 8, 11, 16, 21, 31, 35, 41, 50, 57, 62, 66, 72, 76, 78, 84, 95, 105, 110, 112, 123, 133, 135, 138, 143, 147, 155, 158, 162, 169, 172, 176, 185, 188, 191, 193, 204, 213, 216, 218, 227, 231, 233, 237, 246, 249, 252, 257, 261, 266, 273, 275, 278, 281, 285, 288, 302, 308, 320, 325, 332, 336, 338, 344, 356, 361, 366, 371, 381, 383, 393, 397, 406, 409, 412, 415, 419, 424, 429, 432, 438, 450, 462, 467, 474, 485, 493, 497, 505, 512 ] }
53eef1fc88b246798c248b9f1ea0f225
What does the treaty possess that others lack?
{ "tokens": [ "What", "does", "the", "treaty", "possess", "that", "others", "lack", "?" ], "offsets": [ 0, 5, 10, 14, 21, 29, 34, 41, 45 ] }
{ "text": [ "international legal credibility" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 288 ], "end": [ 318 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 55 ], "end": [ 57 ] } ] }
[ "international legal credibility" ]
SQuAD
Writing in 1998 Kurt Jonassohn and Karin Björnson stated that the CPPCG was a legal instrument resulting from a diplomatic compromise. As such the wording of the treaty is not intended to be a definition suitable as a research tool, and although it is used for this purpose, as it has an international legal credibility that others lack, other definitions have also been postulated. Jonassohn and Björnson go on to say that none of these alternative definitions have gained widespread support for various reasons.
{ "tokens": [ "Writing", "in", "1998", "Kurt", "Jonassohn", "and", "Karin", "Björnson", "stated", "that", "the", "CPPCG", "was", "a", "legal", "instrument", "resulting", "from", "a", "diplomatic", "compromise", ".", "As", "such", "the", "wording", "of", "the", "treaty", "is", "not", "intended", "to", "be", "a", "definition", "suitable", "as", "a", "research", "tool", ",", "and", "although", "it", "is", "used", "for", "this", "purpose", ",", "as", "it", "has", "an", "international", "legal", "credibility", "that", "others", "lack", ",", "other", "definitions", "have", "also", "been", "postulated", ".", "Jonassohn", "and", "Björnson", "go", "on", "to", "say", "that", "none", "of", "these", "alternative", "definitions", "have", "gained", "widespread", "support", "for", "various", "reasons", "." ], "offsets": [ 0, 8, 11, 16, 21, 31, 35, 41, 50, 57, 62, 66, 72, 76, 78, 84, 95, 105, 110, 112, 123, 133, 135, 138, 143, 147, 155, 158, 162, 169, 172, 176, 185, 188, 191, 193, 204, 213, 216, 218, 227, 231, 233, 237, 246, 249, 252, 257, 261, 266, 273, 275, 278, 281, 285, 288, 302, 308, 320, 325, 332, 336, 338, 344, 356, 361, 366, 371, 381, 383, 393, 397, 406, 409, 412, 415, 419, 424, 429, 432, 438, 450, 462, 467, 474, 485, 493, 497, 505, 512 ] }
05a7ea1f7201482d864a7abcab6d47a4
The writers Jonassohn and Bjornson cite various reasons for the lack of widespread support of what?
{ "tokens": [ "The", "writers", "Jonassohn", "and", "Bjornson", "cite", "various", "reasons", "for", "the", "lack", "of", "widespread", "support", "of", "what", "?" ], "offsets": [ 0, 4, 12, 22, 26, 35, 40, 48, 56, 60, 64, 69, 72, 83, 91, 94, 98 ] }
{ "text": [ "alternative definitions" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 438 ], "end": [ 460 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 80 ], "end": [ 81 ] } ] }
[ "alternative definitions" ]
SQuAD
The judges continue in paragraph 12, "The determination of when the targeted part is substantial enough to meet this requirement may involve a number of considerations. The numeric size of the targeted part of the group is the necessary and important starting point, though not in all cases the ending point of the inquiry. The number of individuals targeted should be evaluated not only in absolute terms, but also in relation to the overall size of the entire group. In addition to the numeric size of the targeted portion, its prominence within the group can be a useful consideration. If a specific part of the group is emblematic of the overall group, or is essential to its survival, that may support a finding that the part qualifies as substantial within the meaning of Article 4 [of the Tribunal's Statute]."
{ "tokens": [ "The", "judges", "continue", "in", "paragraph", "12", ",", "\"", "The", "determination", "of", "when", "the", "targeted", "part", "is", "substantial", "enough", "to", "meet", "this", "requirement", "may", "involve", "a", "number", "of", "considerations", ".", "The", "numeric", "size", "of", "the", "targeted", "part", "of", "the", "group", "is", "the", "necessary", "and", "important", "starting", "point", ",", "though", "not", "in", "all", "cases", "the", "ending", "point", "of", "the", "inquiry", ".", "The", "number", "of", "individuals", "targeted", "should", "be", "evaluated", "not", "only", "in", "absolute", "terms", ",", "but", "also", "in", "relation", "to", "the", "overall", "size", "of", "the", "entire", "group", ".", "In", "addition", "to", "the", "numeric", "size", "of", "the", "targeted", "portion", ",", "its", "prominence", "within", "the", "group", "can", "be", "a", "useful", "consideration", ".", "If", "a", "specific", "part", "of", "the", "group", "is", "emblematic", "of", "the", "overall", "group", ",", "or", "is", "essential", "to", "its", "survival", ",", "that", "may", "support", "a", "finding", "that", "the", "part", "qualifies", "as", "substantial", "within", "the", "meaning", "of", "Article", "4", "[", "of", "the", "Tribunal", "'s", "Statute].", "\"" ], "offsets": [ 0, 4, 11, 20, 23, 33, 35, 37, 38, 42, 56, 59, 64, 68, 77, 82, 85, 97, 104, 107, 112, 117, 129, 133, 141, 143, 150, 153, 167, 169, 173, 181, 186, 189, 193, 202, 207, 210, 214, 220, 223, 227, 237, 241, 251, 260, 265, 267, 274, 278, 281, 285, 291, 295, 302, 308, 311, 315, 322, 324, 328, 335, 338, 350, 359, 366, 369, 379, 383, 388, 391, 400, 405, 407, 411, 416, 419, 428, 431, 435, 443, 448, 451, 455, 462, 467, 469, 472, 481, 484, 488, 496, 501, 504, 508, 517, 524, 526, 530, 541, 548, 552, 558, 562, 565, 567, 574, 587, 589, 592, 594, 603, 608, 611, 615, 621, 624, 635, 638, 642, 650, 655, 657, 660, 663, 673, 676, 680, 688, 690, 695, 699, 707, 709, 717, 722, 726, 731, 741, 744, 756, 763, 767, 775, 778, 786, 788, 789, 792, 796, 804, 807, 816 ] }
18a533e50e984ddcb76b580dbb5a5e46
Several considerations were involved in meeting the requirement to determine what?
{ "tokens": [ "Several", "considerations", "were", "involved", "in", "meeting", "the", "requirement", "to", "determine", "what", "?", " " ], "offsets": [ 0, 8, 23, 28, 37, 40, 48, 52, 64, 67, 77, 81, 83 ] }
{ "text": [ "when the targeted part is substantial enough" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 59 ], "end": [ 102 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 11 ], "end": [ 17 ] } ] }
[ "when the targeted part is substantial enough" ]
SQuAD
The judges continue in paragraph 12, "The determination of when the targeted part is substantial enough to meet this requirement may involve a number of considerations. The numeric size of the targeted part of the group is the necessary and important starting point, though not in all cases the ending point of the inquiry. The number of individuals targeted should be evaluated not only in absolute terms, but also in relation to the overall size of the entire group. In addition to the numeric size of the targeted portion, its prominence within the group can be a useful consideration. If a specific part of the group is emblematic of the overall group, or is essential to its survival, that may support a finding that the part qualifies as substantial within the meaning of Article 4 [of the Tribunal's Statute]."
{ "tokens": [ "The", "judges", "continue", "in", "paragraph", "12", ",", "\"", "The", "determination", "of", "when", "the", "targeted", "part", "is", "substantial", "enough", "to", "meet", "this", "requirement", "may", "involve", "a", "number", "of", "considerations", ".", "The", "numeric", "size", "of", "the", "targeted", "part", "of", "the", "group", "is", "the", "necessary", "and", "important", "starting", "point", ",", "though", "not", "in", "all", "cases", "the", "ending", "point", "of", "the", "inquiry", ".", "The", "number", "of", "individuals", "targeted", "should", "be", "evaluated", "not", "only", "in", "absolute", "terms", ",", "but", "also", "in", "relation", "to", "the", "overall", "size", "of", "the", "entire", "group", ".", "In", "addition", "to", "the", "numeric", "size", "of", "the", "targeted", "portion", ",", "its", "prominence", "within", "the", "group", "can", "be", "a", "useful", "consideration", ".", "If", "a", "specific", "part", "of", "the", "group", "is", "emblematic", "of", "the", "overall", "group", ",", "or", "is", "essential", "to", "its", "survival", ",", "that", "may", "support", "a", "finding", "that", "the", "part", "qualifies", "as", "substantial", "within", "the", "meaning", "of", "Article", "4", "[", "of", "the", "Tribunal", "'s", "Statute].", "\"" ], "offsets": [ 0, 4, 11, 20, 23, 33, 35, 37, 38, 42, 56, 59, 64, 68, 77, 82, 85, 97, 104, 107, 112, 117, 129, 133, 141, 143, 150, 153, 167, 169, 173, 181, 186, 189, 193, 202, 207, 210, 214, 220, 223, 227, 237, 241, 251, 260, 265, 267, 274, 278, 281, 285, 291, 295, 302, 308, 311, 315, 322, 324, 328, 335, 338, 350, 359, 366, 369, 379, 383, 388, 391, 400, 405, 407, 411, 416, 419, 428, 431, 435, 443, 448, 451, 455, 462, 467, 469, 472, 481, 484, 488, 496, 501, 504, 508, 517, 524, 526, 530, 541, 548, 552, 558, 562, 565, 567, 574, 587, 589, 592, 594, 603, 608, 611, 615, 621, 624, 635, 638, 642, 650, 655, 657, 660, 663, 673, 676, 680, 688, 690, 695, 699, 707, 709, 717, 722, 726, 731, 741, 744, 756, 763, 767, 775, 778, 786, 788, 789, 792, 796, 804, 807, 816 ] }
fc7369c4ebfb4c45a7712964feaa9cd5
What is the key aspect of the targeted part of the group at the starting point of the inquiry?
{ "tokens": [ "What", "is", "the", "key", "aspect", "of", "the", "targeted", "part", "of", "the", "group", "at", "the", "starting", "point", "of", "the", "inquiry", "?" ], "offsets": [ 0, 5, 8, 12, 16, 23, 26, 30, 39, 44, 47, 51, 57, 60, 64, 73, 79, 82, 86, 93 ] }
{ "text": [ "The numeric size" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 169 ], "end": [ 184 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 29 ], "end": [ 31 ] } ] }
[ "The numeric size" ]
SQuAD
The judges continue in paragraph 12, "The determination of when the targeted part is substantial enough to meet this requirement may involve a number of considerations. The numeric size of the targeted part of the group is the necessary and important starting point, though not in all cases the ending point of the inquiry. The number of individuals targeted should be evaluated not only in absolute terms, but also in relation to the overall size of the entire group. In addition to the numeric size of the targeted portion, its prominence within the group can be a useful consideration. If a specific part of the group is emblematic of the overall group, or is essential to its survival, that may support a finding that the part qualifies as substantial within the meaning of Article 4 [of the Tribunal's Statute]."
{ "tokens": [ "The", "judges", "continue", "in", "paragraph", "12", ",", "\"", "The", "determination", "of", "when", "the", "targeted", "part", "is", "substantial", "enough", "to", "meet", "this", "requirement", "may", "involve", "a", "number", "of", "considerations", ".", "The", "numeric", "size", "of", "the", "targeted", "part", "of", "the", "group", "is", "the", "necessary", "and", "important", "starting", "point", ",", "though", "not", "in", "all", "cases", "the", "ending", "point", "of", "the", "inquiry", ".", "The", "number", "of", "individuals", "targeted", "should", "be", "evaluated", "not", "only", "in", "absolute", "terms", ",", "but", "also", "in", "relation", "to", "the", "overall", "size", "of", "the", "entire", "group", ".", "In", "addition", "to", "the", "numeric", "size", "of", "the", "targeted", "portion", ",", "its", "prominence", "within", "the", "group", "can", "be", "a", "useful", "consideration", ".", "If", "a", "specific", "part", "of", "the", "group", "is", "emblematic", "of", "the", "overall", "group", ",", "or", "is", "essential", "to", "its", "survival", ",", "that", "may", "support", "a", "finding", "that", "the", "part", "qualifies", "as", "substantial", "within", "the", "meaning", "of", "Article", "4", "[", "of", "the", "Tribunal", "'s", "Statute].", "\"" ], "offsets": [ 0, 4, 11, 20, 23, 33, 35, 37, 38, 42, 56, 59, 64, 68, 77, 82, 85, 97, 104, 107, 112, 117, 129, 133, 141, 143, 150, 153, 167, 169, 173, 181, 186, 189, 193, 202, 207, 210, 214, 220, 223, 227, 237, 241, 251, 260, 265, 267, 274, 278, 281, 285, 291, 295, 302, 308, 311, 315, 322, 324, 328, 335, 338, 350, 359, 366, 369, 379, 383, 388, 391, 400, 405, 407, 411, 416, 419, 428, 431, 435, 443, 448, 451, 455, 462, 467, 469, 472, 481, 484, 488, 496, 501, 504, 508, 517, 524, 526, 530, 541, 548, 552, 558, 562, 565, 567, 574, 587, 589, 592, 594, 603, 608, 611, 615, 621, 624, 635, 638, 642, 650, 655, 657, 660, 663, 673, 676, 680, 688, 690, 695, 699, 707, 709, 717, 722, 726, 731, 741, 744, 756, 763, 767, 775, 778, 786, 788, 789, 792, 796, 804, 807, 816 ] }
84cfce1a8c4d47eeb5470a7e57ba0e1a
The number of people targeted in a genocide should not be solely evaluated by what?
{ "tokens": [ "The", "number", "of", "people", "targeted", "in", "a", "genocide", "should", "not", "be", "solely", "evaluated", "by", "what", "?" ], "offsets": [ 0, 4, 11, 14, 21, 30, 33, 35, 44, 51, 55, 58, 65, 75, 78, 82 ] }
{ "text": [ "absolute terms" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 391 ], "end": [ 404 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 70 ], "end": [ 71 ] } ] }
[ "absolute terms" ]
SQuAD
The judges continue in paragraph 12, "The determination of when the targeted part is substantial enough to meet this requirement may involve a number of considerations. The numeric size of the targeted part of the group is the necessary and important starting point, though not in all cases the ending point of the inquiry. The number of individuals targeted should be evaluated not only in absolute terms, but also in relation to the overall size of the entire group. In addition to the numeric size of the targeted portion, its prominence within the group can be a useful consideration. If a specific part of the group is emblematic of the overall group, or is essential to its survival, that may support a finding that the part qualifies as substantial within the meaning of Article 4 [of the Tribunal's Statute]."
{ "tokens": [ "The", "judges", "continue", "in", "paragraph", "12", ",", "\"", "The", "determination", "of", "when", "the", "targeted", "part", "is", "substantial", "enough", "to", "meet", "this", "requirement", "may", "involve", "a", "number", "of", "considerations", ".", "The", "numeric", "size", "of", "the", "targeted", "part", "of", "the", "group", "is", "the", "necessary", "and", "important", "starting", "point", ",", "though", "not", "in", "all", "cases", "the", "ending", "point", "of", "the", "inquiry", ".", "The", "number", "of", "individuals", "targeted", "should", "be", "evaluated", "not", "only", "in", "absolute", "terms", ",", "but", "also", "in", "relation", "to", "the", "overall", "size", "of", "the", "entire", "group", ".", "In", "addition", "to", "the", "numeric", "size", "of", "the", "targeted", "portion", ",", "its", "prominence", "within", "the", "group", "can", "be", "a", "useful", "consideration", ".", "If", "a", "specific", "part", "of", "the", "group", "is", "emblematic", "of", "the", "overall", "group", ",", "or", "is", "essential", "to", "its", "survival", ",", "that", "may", "support", "a", "finding", "that", "the", "part", "qualifies", "as", "substantial", "within", "the", "meaning", "of", "Article", "4", "[", "of", "the", "Tribunal", "'s", "Statute].", "\"" ], "offsets": [ 0, 4, 11, 20, 23, 33, 35, 37, 38, 42, 56, 59, 64, 68, 77, 82, 85, 97, 104, 107, 112, 117, 129, 133, 141, 143, 150, 153, 167, 169, 173, 181, 186, 189, 193, 202, 207, 210, 214, 220, 223, 227, 237, 241, 251, 260, 265, 267, 274, 278, 281, 285, 291, 295, 302, 308, 311, 315, 322, 324, 328, 335, 338, 350, 359, 366, 369, 379, 383, 388, 391, 400, 405, 407, 411, 416, 419, 428, 431, 435, 443, 448, 451, 455, 462, 467, 469, 472, 481, 484, 488, 496, 501, 504, 508, 517, 524, 526, 530, 541, 548, 552, 558, 562, 565, 567, 574, 587, 589, 592, 594, 603, 608, 611, 615, 621, 624, 635, 638, 642, 650, 655, 657, 660, 663, 673, 676, 680, 688, 690, 695, 699, 707, 709, 717, 722, 726, 731, 741, 744, 756, 763, 767, 775, 778, 786, 788, 789, 792, 796, 804, 807, 816 ] }
4ce606e06baa4fc2b571ed0cfb989f4c
In addition to the numeric size of a targeted group, what other consideration was useful to the ICTY?
{ "tokens": [ "In", "addition", "to", "the", "numeric", "size", "of", "a", "targeted", "group", ",", "what", "other", "consideration", "was", "useful", "to", "the", "ICTY", "?" ], "offsets": [ 0, 3, 12, 15, 19, 27, 32, 35, 37, 46, 51, 53, 58, 64, 78, 82, 89, 92, 96, 100 ] }
{ "text": [ "prominence within the group" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 530 ], "end": [ 556 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 98 ], "end": [ 101 ] } ] }
[ "prominence within the group" ]
SQuAD
In the same judgement the ECHR reviewed the judgements of several international and municipal courts judgements. It noted that International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia and the International Court of Justice had agreed with the narrow interpretation, that biological-physical destruction was necessary for an act to qualify as genocide. The ECHR also noted that at the time of its judgement, apart from courts in Germany which had taken a broad view, that there had been few cases of genocide under other Convention States municipal laws and that "There are no reported cases in which the courts of these States have defined the type of group destruction the perpetrator must have intended in order to be found guilty of genocide".
{ "tokens": [ "In", "the", "same", "judgement", "the", "ECHR", "reviewed", "the", "judgements", "of", "several", "international", "and", "municipal", "courts", "judgements", ".", "It", "noted", "that", "International", "Criminal", "Tribunal", "for", "the", "Former", "Yugoslavia", "and", "the", "International", "Court", "of", "Justice", "had", "agreed", "with", "the", "narrow", "interpretation", ",", "that", "biological", "-", "physical", "destruction", "was", "necessary", "for", "an", "act", "to", "qualify", "as", "genocide", ".", "The", "ECHR", "also", "noted", "that", "at", "the", "time", "of", "its", "judgement", ",", "apart", "from", "courts", "in", "Germany", "which", "had", "taken", "a", "broad", "view", ",", "that", "there", "had", "been", "few", "cases", "of", "genocide", "under", "other", "Convention", "States", "municipal", "laws", "and", "that", "\"", "There", "are", "no", "reported", "cases", "in", "which", "the", "courts", "of", "these", "States", "have", "defined", "the", "type", "of", "group", "destruction", "the", "perpetrator", "must", "have", "intended", "in", "order", "to", "be", "found", "guilty", "of", "genocide", "\"", "." ], "offsets": [ 0, 3, 7, 12, 22, 26, 31, 40, 44, 55, 58, 66, 80, 84, 94, 101, 111, 113, 116, 122, 127, 141, 150, 159, 163, 167, 174, 185, 189, 193, 207, 213, 216, 224, 228, 235, 240, 244, 251, 265, 267, 272, 282, 283, 292, 304, 308, 318, 322, 325, 329, 332, 340, 343, 351, 353, 357, 362, 367, 373, 378, 381, 385, 390, 393, 397, 406, 408, 414, 419, 426, 429, 437, 443, 447, 453, 455, 461, 465, 467, 472, 478, 482, 487, 491, 497, 500, 509, 515, 521, 532, 539, 549, 554, 558, 563, 564, 570, 574, 577, 586, 592, 595, 601, 605, 612, 615, 621, 628, 633, 641, 645, 650, 653, 659, 671, 675, 687, 692, 697, 706, 709, 715, 718, 721, 727, 734, 737, 745, 746 ] }
a599f7525e5d470391bdcd8d00c8f1da
Two bodies of the United Nations agreed with what restricted provision in defining genocide?
{ "tokens": [ "Two", "bodies", "of", "the", "United", "Nations", "agreed", "with", "what", "restricted", "provision", "in", "defining", "genocide", "?" ], "offsets": [ 0, 4, 11, 14, 18, 25, 33, 40, 45, 50, 61, 71, 74, 83, 91 ] }
{ "text": [ "that biological-physical destruction was necessary" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 267 ], "end": [ 316 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 40 ], "end": [ 46 ] } ] }
[ "that biological-physical destruction was necessary" ]
SQuAD
In the same judgement the ECHR reviewed the judgements of several international and municipal courts judgements. It noted that International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia and the International Court of Justice had agreed with the narrow interpretation, that biological-physical destruction was necessary for an act to qualify as genocide. The ECHR also noted that at the time of its judgement, apart from courts in Germany which had taken a broad view, that there had been few cases of genocide under other Convention States municipal laws and that "There are no reported cases in which the courts of these States have defined the type of group destruction the perpetrator must have intended in order to be found guilty of genocide".
{ "tokens": [ "In", "the", "same", "judgement", "the", "ECHR", "reviewed", "the", "judgements", "of", "several", "international", "and", "municipal", "courts", "judgements", ".", "It", "noted", "that", "International", "Criminal", "Tribunal", "for", "the", "Former", "Yugoslavia", "and", "the", "International", "Court", "of", "Justice", "had", "agreed", "with", "the", "narrow", "interpretation", ",", "that", "biological", "-", "physical", "destruction", "was", "necessary", "for", "an", "act", "to", "qualify", "as", "genocide", ".", "The", "ECHR", "also", "noted", "that", "at", "the", "time", "of", "its", "judgement", ",", "apart", "from", "courts", "in", "Germany", "which", "had", "taken", "a", "broad", "view", ",", "that", "there", "had", "been", "few", "cases", "of", "genocide", "under", "other", "Convention", "States", "municipal", "laws", "and", "that", "\"", "There", "are", "no", "reported", "cases", "in", "which", "the", "courts", "of", "these", "States", "have", "defined", "the", "type", "of", "group", "destruction", "the", "perpetrator", "must", "have", "intended", "in", "order", "to", "be", "found", "guilty", "of", "genocide", "\"", "." ], "offsets": [ 0, 3, 7, 12, 22, 26, 31, 40, 44, 55, 58, 66, 80, 84, 94, 101, 111, 113, 116, 122, 127, 141, 150, 159, 163, 167, 174, 185, 189, 193, 207, 213, 216, 224, 228, 235, 240, 244, 251, 265, 267, 272, 282, 283, 292, 304, 308, 318, 322, 325, 329, 332, 340, 343, 351, 353, 357, 362, 367, 373, 378, 381, 385, 390, 393, 397, 406, 408, 414, 419, 426, 429, 437, 443, 447, 453, 455, 461, 465, 467, 472, 478, 482, 487, 491, 497, 500, 509, 515, 521, 532, 539, 549, 554, 558, 563, 564, 570, 574, 577, 586, 592, 595, 601, 605, 612, 615, 621, 628, 633, 641, 645, 650, 653, 659, 671, 675, 687, 692, 697, 706, 709, 715, 718, 721, 727, 734, 737, 745, 746 ] }
f1a72d18ebd24294a97cc89f91274c74
A definition of what, by the States, was necessary to preserve and expand genocidal law?
{ "tokens": [ "A", "definition", "of", "what", ",", "by", "the", "States", ",", "was", "necessary", "to", "preserve", "and", "expand", "genocidal", "law", "?" ], "offsets": [ 0, 2, 13, 16, 20, 22, 25, 29, 35, 37, 41, 51, 54, 63, 67, 74, 84, 87 ] }
{ "text": [ "the type of group destruction" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 641 ], "end": [ 669 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 110 ], "end": [ 114 ] } ] }
[ "the type of group destruction" ]
SQuAD
In the same judgement the ECHR reviewed the judgements of several international and municipal courts judgements. It noted that International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia and the International Court of Justice had agreed with the narrow interpretation, that biological-physical destruction was necessary for an act to qualify as genocide. The ECHR also noted that at the time of its judgement, apart from courts in Germany which had taken a broad view, that there had been few cases of genocide under other Convention States municipal laws and that "There are no reported cases in which the courts of these States have defined the type of group destruction the perpetrator must have intended in order to be found guilty of genocide".
{ "tokens": [ "In", "the", "same", "judgement", "the", "ECHR", "reviewed", "the", "judgements", "of", "several", "international", "and", "municipal", "courts", "judgements", ".", "It", "noted", "that", "International", "Criminal", "Tribunal", "for", "the", "Former", "Yugoslavia", "and", "the", "International", "Court", "of", "Justice", "had", "agreed", "with", "the", "narrow", "interpretation", ",", "that", "biological", "-", "physical", "destruction", "was", "necessary", "for", "an", "act", "to", "qualify", "as", "genocide", ".", "The", "ECHR", "also", "noted", "that", "at", "the", "time", "of", "its", "judgement", ",", "apart", "from", "courts", "in", "Germany", "which", "had", "taken", "a", "broad", "view", ",", "that", "there", "had", "been", "few", "cases", "of", "genocide", "under", "other", "Convention", "States", "municipal", "laws", "and", "that", "\"", "There", "are", "no", "reported", "cases", "in", "which", "the", "courts", "of", "these", "States", "have", "defined", "the", "type", "of", "group", "destruction", "the", "perpetrator", "must", "have", "intended", "in", "order", "to", "be", "found", "guilty", "of", "genocide", "\"", "." ], "offsets": [ 0, 3, 7, 12, 22, 26, 31, 40, 44, 55, 58, 66, 80, 84, 94, 101, 111, 113, 116, 122, 127, 141, 150, 159, 163, 167, 174, 185, 189, 193, 207, 213, 216, 224, 228, 235, 240, 244, 251, 265, 267, 272, 282, 283, 292, 304, 308, 318, 322, 325, 329, 332, 340, 343, 351, 353, 357, 362, 367, 373, 378, 381, 385, 390, 393, 397, 406, 408, 414, 419, 426, 429, 437, 443, 447, 453, 455, 461, 465, 467, 472, 478, 482, 487, 491, 497, 500, 509, 515, 521, 532, 539, 549, 554, 558, 563, 564, 570, 574, 577, 586, 592, 595, 601, 605, 612, 615, 621, 628, 633, 641, 645, 650, 653, 659, 671, 675, 687, 692, 697, 706, 709, 715, 718, 721, 727, 734, 737, 745, 746 ] }
3b5632818df4432a8182709e87a348c8
Which country's courts were noted by the ECHR for taking a wider stance on provisions of genocide laws?
{ "tokens": [ "Which", "country", "'s", "courts", "were", "noted", "by", "the", "ECHR", "for", "taking", "a", "wider", "stance", "on", "provisions", "of", "genocide", "laws", "?" ], "offsets": [ 0, 6, 13, 16, 23, 28, 34, 37, 41, 46, 50, 57, 59, 65, 72, 75, 86, 89, 98, 102 ] }
{ "text": [ "Germany" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 429 ], "end": [ 435 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 71 ], "end": [ 71 ] } ] }
[ "Germany" ]
SQuAD
In the same judgement the ECHR reviewed the judgements of several international and municipal courts judgements. It noted that International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia and the International Court of Justice had agreed with the narrow interpretation, that biological-physical destruction was necessary for an act to qualify as genocide. The ECHR also noted that at the time of its judgement, apart from courts in Germany which had taken a broad view, that there had been few cases of genocide under other Convention States municipal laws and that "There are no reported cases in which the courts of these States have defined the type of group destruction the perpetrator must have intended in order to be found guilty of genocide".
{ "tokens": [ "In", "the", "same", "judgement", "the", "ECHR", "reviewed", "the", "judgements", "of", "several", "international", "and", "municipal", "courts", "judgements", ".", "It", "noted", "that", "International", "Criminal", "Tribunal", "for", "the", "Former", "Yugoslavia", "and", "the", "International", "Court", "of", "Justice", "had", "agreed", "with", "the", "narrow", "interpretation", ",", "that", "biological", "-", "physical", "destruction", "was", "necessary", "for", "an", "act", "to", "qualify", "as", "genocide", ".", "The", "ECHR", "also", "noted", "that", "at", "the", "time", "of", "its", "judgement", ",", "apart", "from", "courts", "in", "Germany", "which", "had", "taken", "a", "broad", "view", ",", "that", "there", "had", "been", "few", "cases", "of", "genocide", "under", "other", "Convention", "States", "municipal", "laws", "and", "that", "\"", "There", "are", "no", "reported", "cases", "in", "which", "the", "courts", "of", "these", "States", "have", "defined", "the", "type", "of", "group", "destruction", "the", "perpetrator", "must", "have", "intended", "in", "order", "to", "be", "found", "guilty", "of", "genocide", "\"", "." ], "offsets": [ 0, 3, 7, 12, 22, 26, 31, 40, 44, 55, 58, 66, 80, 84, 94, 101, 111, 113, 116, 122, 127, 141, 150, 159, 163, 167, 174, 185, 189, 193, 207, 213, 216, 224, 228, 235, 240, 244, 251, 265, 267, 272, 282, 283, 292, 304, 308, 318, 322, 325, 329, 332, 340, 343, 351, 353, 357, 362, 367, 373, 378, 381, 385, 390, 393, 397, 406, 408, 414, 419, 426, 429, 437, 443, 447, 453, 455, 461, 465, 467, 472, 478, 482, 487, 491, 497, 500, 509, 515, 521, 532, 539, 549, 554, 558, 563, 564, 570, 574, 577, 586, 592, 595, 601, 605, 612, 615, 621, 628, 633, 641, 645, 650, 653, 659, 671, 675, 687, 692, 697, 706, 709, 715, 718, 721, 727, 734, 737, 745, 746 ] }
062f3230ead04328b034113a1220b63e
The ECHR found most states to have largely undefined definitions of group destruction, despite what factor?
{ "tokens": [ "The", "ECHR", "found", "most", "states", "to", "have", "largely", "undefined", "definitions", "of", "group", "destruction", ",", "despite", "what", "factor", "?" ], "offsets": [ 0, 4, 9, 15, 20, 27, 30, 35, 43, 53, 65, 68, 74, 85, 87, 95, 100, 106 ] }
{ "text": [ "Convention States municipal laws" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 521 ], "end": [ 552 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 89 ], "end": [ 92 ] } ] }
[ "Convention States municipal laws" ]
SQuAD
In the same judgement the ECHR reviewed the judgements of several international and municipal courts judgements. It noted that International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia and the International Court of Justice had agreed with the narrow interpretation, that biological-physical destruction was necessary for an act to qualify as genocide. The ECHR also noted that at the time of its judgement, apart from courts in Germany which had taken a broad view, that there had been few cases of genocide under other Convention States municipal laws and that "There are no reported cases in which the courts of these States have defined the type of group destruction the perpetrator must have intended in order to be found guilty of genocide".
{ "tokens": [ "In", "the", "same", "judgement", "the", "ECHR", "reviewed", "the", "judgements", "of", "several", "international", "and", "municipal", "courts", "judgements", ".", "It", "noted", "that", "International", "Criminal", "Tribunal", "for", "the", "Former", "Yugoslavia", "and", "the", "International", "Court", "of", "Justice", "had", "agreed", "with", "the", "narrow", "interpretation", ",", "that", "biological", "-", "physical", "destruction", "was", "necessary", "for", "an", "act", "to", "qualify", "as", "genocide", ".", "The", "ECHR", "also", "noted", "that", "at", "the", "time", "of", "its", "judgement", ",", "apart", "from", "courts", "in", "Germany", "which", "had", "taken", "a", "broad", "view", ",", "that", "there", "had", "been", "few", "cases", "of", "genocide", "under", "other", "Convention", "States", "municipal", "laws", "and", "that", "\"", "There", "are", "no", "reported", "cases", "in", "which", "the", "courts", "of", "these", "States", "have", "defined", "the", "type", "of", "group", "destruction", "the", "perpetrator", "must", "have", "intended", "in", "order", "to", "be", "found", "guilty", "of", "genocide", "\"", "." ], "offsets": [ 0, 3, 7, 12, 22, 26, 31, 40, 44, 55, 58, 66, 80, 84, 94, 101, 111, 113, 116, 122, 127, 141, 150, 159, 163, 167, 174, 185, 189, 193, 207, 213, 216, 224, 228, 235, 240, 244, 251, 265, 267, 272, 282, 283, 292, 304, 308, 318, 322, 325, 329, 332, 340, 343, 351, 353, 357, 362, 367, 373, 378, 381, 385, 390, 393, 397, 406, 408, 414, 419, 426, 429, 437, 443, 447, 453, 455, 461, 465, 467, 472, 478, 482, 487, 491, 497, 500, 509, 515, 521, 532, 539, 549, 554, 558, 563, 564, 570, 574, 577, 586, 592, 595, 601, 605, 612, 615, 621, 628, 633, 641, 645, 650, 653, 659, 671, 675, 687, 692, 697, 706, 709, 715, 718, 721, 727, 734, 737, 745, 746 ] }
fee7ff4ced8040958c12f552f3b059b2
In its preparations, what was the source of other considerations by the ECHR?
{ "tokens": [ "In", "its", "preparations", ",", "what", "was", "the", "source", "of", "other", "considerations", "by", "the", "ECHR", "?" ], "offsets": [ 0, 3, 7, 19, 21, 26, 30, 34, 41, 44, 50, 65, 68, 72, 76 ] }
{ "text": [ "the judgements of several international and municipal courts" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 40 ], "end": [ 99 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 7 ], "end": [ 14 ] } ] }
[ "the judgements of several international and municipal courts" ]
SQuAD
Because the universal acceptance of international laws which in 1948 defined and forbade genocide with the promulgation of the Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide (CPPCG), those criminals who were prosecuted after the war in international courts for taking part in the Holocaust were found guilty of crimes against humanity and other more specific crimes like murder. Nevertheless, the Holocaust is universally recognized to have been a genocide and the term, that had been coined the year before by Raphael Lemkin, appeared in the indictment of the 24 Nazi leaders, Count 3, which stated that all the defendants had "conducted deliberate and systematic genocide—namely, the extermination of racial and national groups..."
{ "tokens": [ "Because", "the", "universal", "acceptance", "of", "international", "laws", "which", "in", "1948", "defined", "and", "forbade", "genocide", "with", "the", "promulgation", "of", "the", "Convention", "on", "the", "Prevention", "and", "Punishment", "of", "the", "Crime", "of", "Genocide", "(", "CPPCG", ")", ",", "those", "criminals", "who", "were", "prosecuted", "after", "the", "war", "in", "international", "courts", "for", "taking", "part", "in", "the", "Holocaust", "were", "found", "guilty", "of", "crimes", "against", "humanity", "and", "other", "more", "specific", "crimes", "like", "murder", ".", "Nevertheless", ",", "the", "Holocaust", "is", "universally", "recognized", "to", "have", "been", "a", "genocide", "and", "the", "term", ",", "that", "had", "been", "coined", "the", "year", "before", "by", "Raphael", "Lemkin", ",", "appeared", "in", "the", "indictment", "of", "the", "24", "Nazi", "leaders", ",", "Count", "3", ",", "which", "stated", "that", "all", "the", "defendants", "had", "\"", "conducted", "deliberate", "and", "systematic", "genocide", "—", "namely", ",", "the", "extermination", "of", "racial", "and", "national", "groups", "...", "\"" ], "offsets": [ 0, 8, 12, 22, 33, 36, 50, 55, 61, 64, 69, 77, 81, 89, 98, 103, 107, 120, 123, 127, 138, 141, 145, 156, 160, 171, 174, 178, 184, 187, 196, 197, 202, 203, 205, 211, 221, 225, 230, 241, 247, 251, 255, 258, 272, 279, 283, 290, 295, 298, 302, 312, 317, 323, 330, 333, 340, 348, 357, 361, 367, 372, 381, 388, 393, 399, 401, 413, 415, 419, 429, 432, 444, 455, 458, 463, 468, 470, 479, 483, 487, 491, 493, 498, 502, 507, 514, 518, 523, 530, 533, 541, 547, 549, 558, 561, 565, 576, 579, 583, 586, 591, 598, 600, 606, 607, 609, 615, 622, 627, 631, 635, 646, 650, 651, 661, 672, 676, 687, 695, 696, 702, 704, 708, 722, 725, 732, 736, 745, 751, 754 ] }
72adab9626704c5f9f3bf2aafb001de7
In 1948 the worldwide acceptance of international laws that defined and forbade genocide was promulgated by which treaty?
{ "tokens": [ "In", "1948", "the", "worldwide", "acceptance", "of", "international", "laws", "that", "defined", "and", "forbade", "genocide", "was", "promulgated", "by", "which", "treaty", "?" ], "offsets": [ 0, 3, 8, 12, 22, 33, 36, 50, 55, 60, 68, 72, 80, 89, 93, 105, 108, 114, 120 ] }
{ "text": [ "Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 127 ], "end": [ 194 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 19 ], "end": [ 29 ] } ] }
[ "Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide" ]
SQuAD
Because the universal acceptance of international laws which in 1948 defined and forbade genocide with the promulgation of the Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide (CPPCG), those criminals who were prosecuted after the war in international courts for taking part in the Holocaust were found guilty of crimes against humanity and other more specific crimes like murder. Nevertheless, the Holocaust is universally recognized to have been a genocide and the term, that had been coined the year before by Raphael Lemkin, appeared in the indictment of the 24 Nazi leaders, Count 3, which stated that all the defendants had "conducted deliberate and systematic genocide—namely, the extermination of racial and national groups..."
{ "tokens": [ "Because", "the", "universal", "acceptance", "of", "international", "laws", "which", "in", "1948", "defined", "and", "forbade", "genocide", "with", "the", "promulgation", "of", "the", "Convention", "on", "the", "Prevention", "and", "Punishment", "of", "the", "Crime", "of", "Genocide", "(", "CPPCG", ")", ",", "those", "criminals", "who", "were", "prosecuted", "after", "the", "war", "in", "international", "courts", "for", "taking", "part", "in", "the", "Holocaust", "were", "found", "guilty", "of", "crimes", "against", "humanity", "and", "other", "more", "specific", "crimes", "like", "murder", ".", "Nevertheless", ",", "the", "Holocaust", "is", "universally", "recognized", "to", "have", "been", "a", "genocide", "and", "the", "term", ",", "that", "had", "been", "coined", "the", "year", "before", "by", "Raphael", "Lemkin", ",", "appeared", "in", "the", "indictment", "of", "the", "24", "Nazi", "leaders", ",", "Count", "3", ",", "which", "stated", "that", "all", "the", "defendants", "had", "\"", "conducted", "deliberate", "and", "systematic", "genocide", "—", "namely", ",", "the", "extermination", "of", "racial", "and", "national", "groups", "...", "\"" ], "offsets": [ 0, 8, 12, 22, 33, 36, 50, 55, 61, 64, 69, 77, 81, 89, 98, 103, 107, 120, 123, 127, 138, 141, 145, 156, 160, 171, 174, 178, 184, 187, 196, 197, 202, 203, 205, 211, 221, 225, 230, 241, 247, 251, 255, 258, 272, 279, 283, 290, 295, 298, 302, 312, 317, 323, 330, 333, 340, 348, 357, 361, 367, 372, 381, 388, 393, 399, 401, 413, 415, 419, 429, 432, 444, 455, 458, 463, 468, 470, 479, 483, 487, 491, 493, 498, 502, 507, 514, 518, 523, 530, 533, 541, 547, 549, 558, 561, 565, 576, 579, 583, 586, 591, 598, 600, 606, 607, 609, 615, 622, 627, 631, 635, 646, 650, 651, 661, 672, 676, 687, 695, 696, 702, 704, 708, 722, 725, 732, 736, 745, 751, 754 ] }
39376617a5fa4d1f83519db6d079fb59
Perpetrators who were tried after World War II were in general found guilty of crimes against what?
{ "tokens": [ "Perpetrators", "who", "were", "tried", "after", "World", "War", "II", "were", "in", "general", "found", "guilty", "of", "crimes", "against", "what", "?" ], "offsets": [ 0, 13, 17, 22, 28, 34, 40, 44, 47, 52, 55, 63, 69, 76, 79, 86, 94, 98 ] }
{ "text": [ "humanity" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 348 ], "end": [ 355 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 57 ], "end": [ 57 ] } ] }
[ "humanity" ]
SQuAD
Because the universal acceptance of international laws which in 1948 defined and forbade genocide with the promulgation of the Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide (CPPCG), those criminals who were prosecuted after the war in international courts for taking part in the Holocaust were found guilty of crimes against humanity and other more specific crimes like murder. Nevertheless, the Holocaust is universally recognized to have been a genocide and the term, that had been coined the year before by Raphael Lemkin, appeared in the indictment of the 24 Nazi leaders, Count 3, which stated that all the defendants had "conducted deliberate and systematic genocide—namely, the extermination of racial and national groups..."
{ "tokens": [ "Because", "the", "universal", "acceptance", "of", "international", "laws", "which", "in", "1948", "defined", "and", "forbade", "genocide", "with", "the", "promulgation", "of", "the", "Convention", "on", "the", "Prevention", "and", "Punishment", "of", "the", "Crime", "of", "Genocide", "(", "CPPCG", ")", ",", "those", "criminals", "who", "were", "prosecuted", "after", "the", "war", "in", "international", "courts", "for", "taking", "part", "in", "the", "Holocaust", "were", "found", "guilty", "of", "crimes", "against", "humanity", "and", "other", "more", "specific", "crimes", "like", "murder", ".", "Nevertheless", ",", "the", "Holocaust", "is", "universally", "recognized", "to", "have", "been", "a", "genocide", "and", "the", "term", ",", "that", "had", "been", "coined", "the", "year", "before", "by", "Raphael", "Lemkin", ",", "appeared", "in", "the", "indictment", "of", "the", "24", "Nazi", "leaders", ",", "Count", "3", ",", "which", "stated", "that", "all", "the", "defendants", "had", "\"", "conducted", "deliberate", "and", "systematic", "genocide", "—", "namely", ",", "the", "extermination", "of", "racial", "and", "national", "groups", "...", "\"" ], "offsets": [ 0, 8, 12, 22, 33, 36, 50, 55, 61, 64, 69, 77, 81, 89, 98, 103, 107, 120, 123, 127, 138, 141, 145, 156, 160, 171, 174, 178, 184, 187, 196, 197, 202, 203, 205, 211, 221, 225, 230, 241, 247, 251, 255, 258, 272, 279, 283, 290, 295, 298, 302, 312, 317, 323, 330, 333, 340, 348, 357, 361, 367, 372, 381, 388, 393, 399, 401, 413, 415, 419, 429, 432, 444, 455, 458, 463, 468, 470, 479, 483, 487, 491, 493, 498, 502, 507, 514, 518, 523, 530, 533, 541, 547, 549, 558, 561, 565, 576, 579, 583, 586, 591, 598, 600, 606, 607, 609, 615, 622, 627, 631, 635, 646, 650, 651, 661, 672, 676, 687, 695, 696, 702, 704, 708, 722, 725, 732, 736, 745, 751, 754 ] }
aefba892ab0a403aa95b7a4a75616acd
An example of a more specific genocidal crime of which one could be accused was what?
{ "tokens": [ "An", "example", "of", "a", "more", "specific", "genocidal", "crime", "of", "which", "one", "could", "be", "accused", "was", "what", "?" ], "offsets": [ 0, 3, 11, 14, 16, 21, 30, 40, 46, 49, 55, 59, 65, 68, 76, 80, 84 ] }
{ "text": [ "crimes like murder" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 381 ], "end": [ 398 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 62 ], "end": [ 64 ] } ] }
[ "crimes like murder" ]
SQuAD
Because the universal acceptance of international laws which in 1948 defined and forbade genocide with the promulgation of the Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide (CPPCG), those criminals who were prosecuted after the war in international courts for taking part in the Holocaust were found guilty of crimes against humanity and other more specific crimes like murder. Nevertheless, the Holocaust is universally recognized to have been a genocide and the term, that had been coined the year before by Raphael Lemkin, appeared in the indictment of the 24 Nazi leaders, Count 3, which stated that all the defendants had "conducted deliberate and systematic genocide—namely, the extermination of racial and national groups..."
{ "tokens": [ "Because", "the", "universal", "acceptance", "of", "international", "laws", "which", "in", "1948", "defined", "and", "forbade", "genocide", "with", "the", "promulgation", "of", "the", "Convention", "on", "the", "Prevention", "and", "Punishment", "of", "the", "Crime", "of", "Genocide", "(", "CPPCG", ")", ",", "those", "criminals", "who", "were", "prosecuted", "after", "the", "war", "in", "international", "courts", "for", "taking", "part", "in", "the", "Holocaust", "were", "found", "guilty", "of", "crimes", "against", "humanity", "and", "other", "more", "specific", "crimes", "like", "murder", ".", "Nevertheless", ",", "the", "Holocaust", "is", "universally", "recognized", "to", "have", "been", "a", "genocide", "and", "the", "term", ",", "that", "had", "been", "coined", "the", "year", "before", "by", "Raphael", "Lemkin", ",", "appeared", "in", "the", "indictment", "of", "the", "24", "Nazi", "leaders", ",", "Count", "3", ",", "which", "stated", "that", "all", "the", "defendants", "had", "\"", "conducted", "deliberate", "and", "systematic", "genocide", "—", "namely", ",", "the", "extermination", "of", "racial", "and", "national", "groups", "...", "\"" ], "offsets": [ 0, 8, 12, 22, 33, 36, 50, 55, 61, 64, 69, 77, 81, 89, 98, 103, 107, 120, 123, 127, 138, 141, 145, 156, 160, 171, 174, 178, 184, 187, 196, 197, 202, 203, 205, 211, 221, 225, 230, 241, 247, 251, 255, 258, 272, 279, 283, 290, 295, 298, 302, 312, 317, 323, 330, 333, 340, 348, 357, 361, 367, 372, 381, 388, 393, 399, 401, 413, 415, 419, 429, 432, 444, 455, 458, 463, 468, 470, 479, 483, 487, 491, 493, 498, 502, 507, 514, 518, 523, 530, 533, 541, 547, 549, 558, 561, 565, 576, 579, 583, 586, 591, 598, 600, 606, 607, 609, 615, 622, 627, 631, 635, 646, 650, 651, 661, 672, 676, 687, 695, 696, 702, 704, 708, 722, 725, 732, 736, 745, 751, 754 ] }
8f13497dc0734d34b471efdbcced0b30
After WWII criminals were largely prosecuted under CPPCG for their involvement in what massive genocidal effort?
{ "tokens": [ "After", "WWII", "criminals", "were", "largely", "prosecuted", "under", "CPPCG", "for", "their", "involvement", "in", "what", "massive", "genocidal", "effort", "?" ], "offsets": [ 0, 6, 11, 21, 26, 34, 45, 51, 57, 61, 67, 79, 82, 87, 95, 105, 111 ] }
{ "text": [ "the Holocaust" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 298 ], "end": [ 310 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 49 ], "end": [ 50 ] } ] }
[ "the Holocaust" ]
SQuAD
Because the universal acceptance of international laws which in 1948 defined and forbade genocide with the promulgation of the Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide (CPPCG), those criminals who were prosecuted after the war in international courts for taking part in the Holocaust were found guilty of crimes against humanity and other more specific crimes like murder. Nevertheless, the Holocaust is universally recognized to have been a genocide and the term, that had been coined the year before by Raphael Lemkin, appeared in the indictment of the 24 Nazi leaders, Count 3, which stated that all the defendants had "conducted deliberate and systematic genocide—namely, the extermination of racial and national groups..."
{ "tokens": [ "Because", "the", "universal", "acceptance", "of", "international", "laws", "which", "in", "1948", "defined", "and", "forbade", "genocide", "with", "the", "promulgation", "of", "the", "Convention", "on", "the", "Prevention", "and", "Punishment", "of", "the", "Crime", "of", "Genocide", "(", "CPPCG", ")", ",", "those", "criminals", "who", "were", "prosecuted", "after", "the", "war", "in", "international", "courts", "for", "taking", "part", "in", "the", "Holocaust", "were", "found", "guilty", "of", "crimes", "against", "humanity", "and", "other", "more", "specific", "crimes", "like", "murder", ".", "Nevertheless", ",", "the", "Holocaust", "is", "universally", "recognized", "to", "have", "been", "a", "genocide", "and", "the", "term", ",", "that", "had", "been", "coined", "the", "year", "before", "by", "Raphael", "Lemkin", ",", "appeared", "in", "the", "indictment", "of", "the", "24", "Nazi", "leaders", ",", "Count", "3", ",", "which", "stated", "that", "all", "the", "defendants", "had", "\"", "conducted", "deliberate", "and", "systematic", "genocide", "—", "namely", ",", "the", "extermination", "of", "racial", "and", "national", "groups", "...", "\"" ], "offsets": [ 0, 8, 12, 22, 33, 36, 50, 55, 61, 64, 69, 77, 81, 89, 98, 103, 107, 120, 123, 127, 138, 141, 145, 156, 160, 171, 174, 178, 184, 187, 196, 197, 202, 203, 205, 211, 221, 225, 230, 241, 247, 251, 255, 258, 272, 279, 283, 290, 295, 298, 302, 312, 317, 323, 330, 333, 340, 348, 357, 361, 367, 372, 381, 388, 393, 399, 401, 413, 415, 419, 429, 432, 444, 455, 458, 463, 468, 470, 479, 483, 487, 491, 493, 498, 502, 507, 514, 518, 523, 530, 533, 541, 547, 549, 558, 561, 565, 576, 579, 583, 586, 591, 598, 600, 606, 607, 609, 615, 622, 627, 631, 635, 646, 650, 651, 661, 672, 676, 687, 695, 696, 702, 704, 708, 722, 725, 732, 736, 745, 751, 754 ] }
4b08c40fda31447d92a31933b9c7b865
Who is notable for coining the term "Holocaust?"
{ "tokens": [ "Who", "is", "notable", "for", "coining", "the", "term", "\"", "Holocaust", "?", "\"" ], "offsets": [ 0, 4, 7, 15, 19, 27, 31, 36, 37, 46, 47 ] }
{ "text": [ "Raphael Lemkin" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 533 ], "end": [ 546 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 90 ], "end": [ 91 ] } ] }
[ "Raphael Lemkin" ]
SQuAD
According to R. J. Rummel, genocide has 3 different meanings. The ordinary meaning is murder by government of people due to their national, ethnic, racial, or religious group membership. The legal meaning of genocide refers to the international treaty, the Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide. This also includes non-killings that in the end eliminate the group, such as preventing births or forcibly transferring children out of the group to another group. A generalized meaning of genocide is similar to the ordinary meaning but also includes government killings of political opponents or otherwise intentional murder. It is to avoid confusion regarding what meaning is intended that Rummel created the term democide for the third meaning.
{ "tokens": [ "According", "to", "R.", "J.", "Rummel", ",", "genocide", "has", "3", "different", "meanings", ".", "The", "ordinary", "meaning", "is", "murder", "by", "government", "of", "people", "due", "to", "their", "national", ",", "ethnic", ",", "racial", ",", "or", "religious", "group", "membership", ".", "The", "legal", "meaning", "of", "genocide", "refers", "to", "the", "international", "treaty", ",", "the", "Convention", "on", "the", "Prevention", "and", "Punishment", "of", "the", "Crime", "of", "Genocide", ".", "This", "also", "includes", "non", "-", "killings", "that", "in", "the", "end", "eliminate", "the", "group", ",", "such", "as", "preventing", "births", "or", "forcibly", "transferring", "children", "out", "of", "the", "group", "to", "another", "group", ".", "A", "generalized", "meaning", "of", "genocide", "is", "similar", "to", "the", "ordinary", "meaning", "but", "also", "includes", "government", "killings", "of", "political", "opponents", "or", "otherwise", "intentional", "murder", ".", "It", "is", "to", "avoid", "confusion", "regarding", "what", "meaning", "is", "intended", "that", "Rummel", "created", "the", "term", "democide", "for", "the", "third", "meaning", "." ], "offsets": [ 0, 10, 13, 16, 19, 25, 27, 36, 40, 42, 52, 60, 62, 66, 75, 83, 86, 93, 96, 107, 110, 117, 121, 124, 130, 138, 140, 146, 148, 154, 156, 159, 169, 175, 185, 187, 191, 197, 205, 208, 217, 224, 227, 231, 245, 251, 253, 257, 268, 271, 275, 286, 290, 301, 304, 308, 314, 317, 325, 327, 332, 337, 346, 349, 350, 359, 364, 367, 371, 375, 385, 389, 394, 396, 401, 404, 415, 422, 425, 434, 447, 456, 460, 463, 467, 473, 476, 484, 489, 491, 493, 505, 513, 516, 525, 528, 536, 539, 543, 552, 560, 564, 569, 578, 589, 598, 601, 611, 621, 624, 634, 646, 652, 654, 657, 660, 663, 669, 679, 689, 694, 702, 705, 714, 719, 726, 734, 738, 743, 752, 756, 760, 766, 773 ] }
1c6f2251d2fb4f0c810db34b90fd338f
In the writings of Rummel, what is the first and ordinary meaning of genocide?
{ "tokens": [ "In", "the", "writings", "of", "Rummel", ",", "what", "is", "the", "first", "and", "ordinary", "meaning", "of", "genocide", "?" ], "offsets": [ 0, 3, 7, 16, 19, 25, 27, 32, 35, 39, 45, 49, 58, 66, 69, 77 ] }
{ "text": [ "murder by government" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 86 ], "end": [ 105 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 16 ], "end": [ 18 ] } ] }
[ "murder by government" ]
SQuAD
According to R. J. Rummel, genocide has 3 different meanings. The ordinary meaning is murder by government of people due to their national, ethnic, racial, or religious group membership. The legal meaning of genocide refers to the international treaty, the Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide. This also includes non-killings that in the end eliminate the group, such as preventing births or forcibly transferring children out of the group to another group. A generalized meaning of genocide is similar to the ordinary meaning but also includes government killings of political opponents or otherwise intentional murder. It is to avoid confusion regarding what meaning is intended that Rummel created the term democide for the third meaning.
{ "tokens": [ "According", "to", "R.", "J.", "Rummel", ",", "genocide", "has", "3", "different", "meanings", ".", "The", "ordinary", "meaning", "is", "murder", "by", "government", "of", "people", "due", "to", "their", "national", ",", "ethnic", ",", "racial", ",", "or", "religious", "group", "membership", ".", "The", "legal", "meaning", "of", "genocide", "refers", "to", "the", "international", "treaty", ",", "the", "Convention", "on", "the", "Prevention", "and", "Punishment", "of", "the", "Crime", "of", "Genocide", ".", "This", "also", "includes", "non", "-", "killings", "that", "in", "the", "end", "eliminate", "the", "group", ",", "such", "as", "preventing", "births", "or", "forcibly", "transferring", "children", "out", "of", "the", "group", "to", "another", "group", ".", "A", "generalized", "meaning", "of", "genocide", "is", "similar", "to", "the", "ordinary", "meaning", "but", "also", "includes", "government", "killings", "of", "political", "opponents", "or", "otherwise", "intentional", "murder", ".", "It", "is", "to", "avoid", "confusion", "regarding", "what", "meaning", "is", "intended", "that", "Rummel", "created", "the", "term", "democide", "for", "the", "third", "meaning", "." ], "offsets": [ 0, 10, 13, 16, 19, 25, 27, 36, 40, 42, 52, 60, 62, 66, 75, 83, 86, 93, 96, 107, 110, 117, 121, 124, 130, 138, 140, 146, 148, 154, 156, 159, 169, 175, 185, 187, 191, 197, 205, 208, 217, 224, 227, 231, 245, 251, 253, 257, 268, 271, 275, 286, 290, 301, 304, 308, 314, 317, 325, 327, 332, 337, 346, 349, 350, 359, 364, 367, 371, 375, 385, 389, 394, 396, 401, 404, 415, 422, 425, 434, 447, 456, 460, 463, 467, 473, 476, 484, 489, 491, 493, 505, 513, 516, 525, 528, 536, 539, 543, 552, 560, 564, 569, 578, 589, 598, 601, 611, 621, 624, 634, 646, 652, 654, 657, 660, 663, 669, 679, 689, 694, 702, 705, 714, 719, 726, 734, 738, 743, 752, 756, 760, 766, 773 ] }
1da13f4d3fa44f21ad0cbb62bb1ad746
Rummel postulates that murder of people of government is due to national, ethnic, racial and which other membership?
{ "tokens": [ "Rummel", "postulates", "that", "murder", "of", "people", "of", "government", "is", "due", "to", "national", ",", "ethnic", ",", "racial", "and", "which", "other", "membership", "?" ], "offsets": [ 0, 7, 18, 23, 30, 33, 40, 43, 54, 57, 61, 64, 72, 74, 80, 82, 89, 93, 99, 105, 115 ] }
{ "text": [ "religious group" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 159 ], "end": [ 173 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 31 ], "end": [ 32 ] } ] }
[ "religious group" ]
SQuAD
According to R. J. Rummel, genocide has 3 different meanings. The ordinary meaning is murder by government of people due to their national, ethnic, racial, or religious group membership. The legal meaning of genocide refers to the international treaty, the Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide. This also includes non-killings that in the end eliminate the group, such as preventing births or forcibly transferring children out of the group to another group. A generalized meaning of genocide is similar to the ordinary meaning but also includes government killings of political opponents or otherwise intentional murder. It is to avoid confusion regarding what meaning is intended that Rummel created the term democide for the third meaning.
{ "tokens": [ "According", "to", "R.", "J.", "Rummel", ",", "genocide", "has", "3", "different", "meanings", ".", "The", "ordinary", "meaning", "is", "murder", "by", "government", "of", "people", "due", "to", "their", "national", ",", "ethnic", ",", "racial", ",", "or", "religious", "group", "membership", ".", "The", "legal", "meaning", "of", "genocide", "refers", "to", "the", "international", "treaty", ",", "the", "Convention", "on", "the", "Prevention", "and", "Punishment", "of", "the", "Crime", "of", "Genocide", ".", "This", "also", "includes", "non", "-", "killings", "that", "in", "the", "end", "eliminate", "the", "group", ",", "such", "as", "preventing", "births", "or", "forcibly", "transferring", "children", "out", "of", "the", "group", "to", "another", "group", ".", "A", "generalized", "meaning", "of", "genocide", "is", "similar", "to", "the", "ordinary", "meaning", "but", "also", "includes", "government", "killings", "of", "political", "opponents", "or", "otherwise", "intentional", "murder", ".", "It", "is", "to", "avoid", "confusion", "regarding", "what", "meaning", "is", "intended", "that", "Rummel", "created", "the", "term", "democide", "for", "the", "third", "meaning", "." ], "offsets": [ 0, 10, 13, 16, 19, 25, 27, 36, 40, 42, 52, 60, 62, 66, 75, 83, 86, 93, 96, 107, 110, 117, 121, 124, 130, 138, 140, 146, 148, 154, 156, 159, 169, 175, 185, 187, 191, 197, 205, 208, 217, 224, 227, 231, 245, 251, 253, 257, 268, 271, 275, 286, 290, 301, 304, 308, 314, 317, 325, 327, 332, 337, 346, 349, 350, 359, 364, 367, 371, 375, 385, 389, 394, 396, 401, 404, 415, 422, 425, 434, 447, 456, 460, 463, 467, 473, 476, 484, 489, 491, 493, 505, 513, 516, 525, 528, 536, 539, 543, 552, 560, 564, 569, 578, 589, 598, 601, 611, 621, 624, 634, 646, 652, 654, 657, 660, 663, 669, 679, 689, 694, 702, 705, 714, 719, 726, 734, 738, 743, 752, 756, 760, 766, 773 ] }
a7496eac968f49baa4eb94ffdcb01c45
The legal meaning of genocide is contained in which international treaty?
{ "tokens": [ "The", "legal", "meaning", "of", "genocide", "is", "contained", "in", "which", "international", "treaty", "?" ], "offsets": [ 0, 4, 10, 18, 21, 30, 33, 43, 46, 52, 66, 72 ] }
{ "text": [ "Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 257 ], "end": [ 324 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 47 ], "end": [ 57 ] } ] }
[ "Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide" ]
SQuAD
According to R. J. Rummel, genocide has 3 different meanings. The ordinary meaning is murder by government of people due to their national, ethnic, racial, or religious group membership. The legal meaning of genocide refers to the international treaty, the Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide. This also includes non-killings that in the end eliminate the group, such as preventing births or forcibly transferring children out of the group to another group. A generalized meaning of genocide is similar to the ordinary meaning but also includes government killings of political opponents or otherwise intentional murder. It is to avoid confusion regarding what meaning is intended that Rummel created the term democide for the third meaning.
{ "tokens": [ "According", "to", "R.", "J.", "Rummel", ",", "genocide", "has", "3", "different", "meanings", ".", "The", "ordinary", "meaning", "is", "murder", "by", "government", "of", "people", "due", "to", "their", "national", ",", "ethnic", ",", "racial", ",", "or", "religious", "group", "membership", ".", "The", "legal", "meaning", "of", "genocide", "refers", "to", "the", "international", "treaty", ",", "the", "Convention", "on", "the", "Prevention", "and", "Punishment", "of", "the", "Crime", "of", "Genocide", ".", "This", "also", "includes", "non", "-", "killings", "that", "in", "the", "end", "eliminate", "the", "group", ",", "such", "as", "preventing", "births", "or", "forcibly", "transferring", "children", "out", "of", "the", "group", "to", "another", "group", ".", "A", "generalized", "meaning", "of", "genocide", "is", "similar", "to", "the", "ordinary", "meaning", "but", "also", "includes", "government", "killings", "of", "political", "opponents", "or", "otherwise", "intentional", "murder", ".", "It", "is", "to", "avoid", "confusion", "regarding", "what", "meaning", "is", "intended", "that", "Rummel", "created", "the", "term", "democide", "for", "the", "third", "meaning", "." ], "offsets": [ 0, 10, 13, 16, 19, 25, 27, 36, 40, 42, 52, 60, 62, 66, 75, 83, 86, 93, 96, 107, 110, 117, 121, 124, 130, 138, 140, 146, 148, 154, 156, 159, 169, 175, 185, 187, 191, 197, 205, 208, 217, 224, 227, 231, 245, 251, 253, 257, 268, 271, 275, 286, 290, 301, 304, 308, 314, 317, 325, 327, 332, 337, 346, 349, 350, 359, 364, 367, 371, 375, 385, 389, 394, 396, 401, 404, 415, 422, 425, 434, 447, 456, 460, 463, 467, 473, 476, 484, 489, 491, 493, 505, 513, 516, 525, 528, 536, 539, 543, 552, 560, 564, 569, 578, 589, 598, 601, 611, 621, 624, 634, 646, 652, 654, 657, 660, 663, 669, 679, 689, 694, 702, 705, 714, 719, 726, 734, 738, 743, 752, 756, 760, 766, 773 ] }
4f22a18db48641b588095baea899bbd5
Included in the CPPCG is non-killings that ultimately achieve what end?
{ "tokens": [ "Included", "in", "the", "CPPCG", "is", "non", "-", "killings", "that", "ultimately", "achieve", "what", "end", "?" ], "offsets": [ 0, 9, 12, 16, 22, 25, 28, 29, 38, 43, 54, 62, 67, 70 ] }
{ "text": [ "eliminate the group" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 375 ], "end": [ 393 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 69 ], "end": [ 71 ] } ] }
[ "eliminate the group" ]
SQuAD
According to R. J. Rummel, genocide has 3 different meanings. The ordinary meaning is murder by government of people due to their national, ethnic, racial, or religious group membership. The legal meaning of genocide refers to the international treaty, the Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide. This also includes non-killings that in the end eliminate the group, such as preventing births or forcibly transferring children out of the group to another group. A generalized meaning of genocide is similar to the ordinary meaning but also includes government killings of political opponents or otherwise intentional murder. It is to avoid confusion regarding what meaning is intended that Rummel created the term democide for the third meaning.
{ "tokens": [ "According", "to", "R.", "J.", "Rummel", ",", "genocide", "has", "3", "different", "meanings", ".", "The", "ordinary", "meaning", "is", "murder", "by", "government", "of", "people", "due", "to", "their", "national", ",", "ethnic", ",", "racial", ",", "or", "religious", "group", "membership", ".", "The", "legal", "meaning", "of", "genocide", "refers", "to", "the", "international", "treaty", ",", "the", "Convention", "on", "the", "Prevention", "and", "Punishment", "of", "the", "Crime", "of", "Genocide", ".", "This", "also", "includes", "non", "-", "killings", "that", "in", "the", "end", "eliminate", "the", "group", ",", "such", "as", "preventing", "births", "or", "forcibly", "transferring", "children", "out", "of", "the", "group", "to", "another", "group", ".", "A", "generalized", "meaning", "of", "genocide", "is", "similar", "to", "the", "ordinary", "meaning", "but", "also", "includes", "government", "killings", "of", "political", "opponents", "or", "otherwise", "intentional", "murder", ".", "It", "is", "to", "avoid", "confusion", "regarding", "what", "meaning", "is", "intended", "that", "Rummel", "created", "the", "term", "democide", "for", "the", "third", "meaning", "." ], "offsets": [ 0, 10, 13, 16, 19, 25, 27, 36, 40, 42, 52, 60, 62, 66, 75, 83, 86, 93, 96, 107, 110, 117, 121, 124, 130, 138, 140, 146, 148, 154, 156, 159, 169, 175, 185, 187, 191, 197, 205, 208, 217, 224, 227, 231, 245, 251, 253, 257, 268, 271, 275, 286, 290, 301, 304, 308, 314, 317, 325, 327, 332, 337, 346, 349, 350, 359, 364, 367, 371, 375, 385, 389, 394, 396, 401, 404, 415, 422, 425, 434, 447, 456, 460, 463, 467, 473, 476, 484, 489, 491, 493, 505, 513, 516, 525, 528, 536, 539, 543, 552, 560, 564, 569, 578, 589, 598, 601, 611, 621, 624, 634, 646, 652, 654, 657, 660, 663, 669, 679, 689, 694, 702, 705, 714, 719, 726, 734, 738, 743, 752, 756, 760, 766, 773 ] }
21f3baa003ff472c8eb3a62c953128e4
In the interpretation of non-killings, the CPPCG cites the forceful relocation of children along with what other factor?
{ "tokens": [ "In", "the", "interpretation", "of", "non", "-", "killings", ",", "the", "CPPCG", "cites", "the", "forceful", "relocation", "of", "children", "along", "with", "what", "other", "factor", "?" ], "offsets": [ 0, 3, 7, 22, 25, 28, 29, 37, 39, 43, 49, 55, 59, 68, 79, 82, 91, 97, 102, 107, 113, 119 ] }
{ "text": [ "preventing births" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 404 ], "end": [ 420 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 75 ], "end": [ 76 ] } ] }
[ "preventing births" ]