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Machine Reading for Question Answering Workshop 1

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{ "text": [ "12 January 1951" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 55 ], "end": [ 69 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 9 ], "end": [ 11 ] } ] }

[ "12 January 1951" ]

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{ "text": [ "20" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 89 ], "end": [ 90 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 15 ], "end": [ 15 ] } ] }

[ "20" ]

{ "tokens": [ "The", "Convention", "came", "into", "force", "as", "international", "law", "on", "12", "January", "1951", "after", "the", "minimum", "20", "countries", "became", "parties", ".", "At", "that", "time", "however", ",", "only", "two", "of", "the", "five", "permanent", "members", "of", "the", "UN", "Security", "Council", "were", "parties", "to", "the", "treaty", ":", "France", "and", "the", "Republic", "of", "China", ".", "The", "Soviet", "Union", "ratified", "in", "1954", ",", "the", "United", "Kingdom", "in", "1970", ",", "the", "People", "'s", "Republic", "of", "China", "in", "1983", "(", "having", "replaced", "the", "Taiwan", "-", "based", "Republic", "of", "China", "on", "the", "UNSC", "in", "1971", ")", ",", "and", "the", "United", "States", "in", "1988", ".", "This", "long", "delay", "in", "support", "for", "the", "Convention", "by", "the", "world", "'s", "most", "powerful", "nations", "caused", "the", "Convention", "to", "languish", "for", "over", "four", "decades", ".", "Only", "in", "the", "1990s", "did", "the", "international", "law", "on", "the", "crime", "of", "genocide", "begin", "to", "be", "enforced", "." ], "offsets": [ 0, 4, 15, 20, 25, 31, 34, 48, 52, 55, 58, 66, 71, 77, 81, 89, 92, 102, 109, 116, 118, 121, 126, 131, 138, 140, 145, 149, 152, 156, 161, 171, 179, 182, 186, 189, 198, 206, 211, 219, 222, 226, 232, 234, 241, 245, 249, 258, 261, 266, 268, 272, 279, 285, 294, 297, 301, 303, 307, 314, 322, 325, 329, 331, 335, 341, 344, 353, 356, 362, 365, 370, 371, 378, 387, 391, 397, 398, 404, 413, 416, 422, 425, 429, 434, 437, 441, 442, 444, 448, 452, 459, 466, 469, 473, 475, 480, 485, 491, 494, 502, 506, 510, 521, 524, 528, 533, 536, 541, 550, 558, 565, 569, 580, 583, 592, 596, 601, 606, 613, 615, 620, 623, 627, 633, 637, 641, 655, 659, 662, 666, 672, 675, 684, 690, 693, 696, 704 ] }

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{ "text": [ "only two" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 140 ], "end": [ 147 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 25 ], "end": [ 26 ] } ] }

[ "only two" ]

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{ "tokens": [ "What", "member", "ratified", "in", "1970", "?" ], "offsets": [ 0, 5, 12, 21, 24, 28 ] }

{ "text": [ "the United Kingdom" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 303 ], "end": [ 320 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 57 ], "end": [ 59 ] } ] }

[ "the United Kingdom" ]

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{ "text": [ "four" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 601 ], "end": [ 604 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 117 ], "end": [ 117 ] } ] }

[ "four" ]

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{ "text": [ "40,000-plus" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 176 ], "end": [ 186 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 33 ], "end": [ 33 ] } ] }

[ "40,000-plus" ]

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{ "text": [ "over 57,000" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 279 ], "end": [ 289 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 50 ], "end": [ 51 ] } ] }

[ "over 57,000" ]

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[ "At least 1500" ]

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[ "First Special Service Force or \"Devil's Brigade,\"" ]

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[ "Great Falls, Lewistown, Cut Bank and Glasgow" ]

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[ "Adrian Gallagher" ]

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[ "collective power" ]

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[ "intent" ]

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[ "group identity" ]

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[ "destroyed" ]

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[ "1944" ]

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{ "text": [ "The word genocide is the combination of the Greek prefix geno- (meaning tribe or race) and caedere (the Latin word for to kill)." ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 391 ], "end": [ 518 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 75 ], "end": [ 102 ] } ] }

[ "The word genocide is the combination of the Greek prefix geno- (meaning tribe or race) and caedere (the Latin word for to kill)." ]

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[ "a specific set of violent crimes that are committed against a certain group with the attempt to remove the entire group from existence or to destroy them" ]

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[ "Raphael Lemkin" ]

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[ "Winston Churchill" ]

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[ "1944" ]

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[ "as \"a crime without a name\"" ]

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[ "Raphael Lemkin" ]

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[ "Greek prefix geno- (meaning tribe or race) and caedere (the Latin word for to kill)" ]

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[ "to remove the entire group from existence or to destroy them" ]

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[ "James J. Hill" ]

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[ "1902" ]

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[ "1909" ]

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[ "320 acres" ]

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[ "policies" ]

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[ "victimized groups" ]

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[ "politicides" ]

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[ "nationality" ]

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[ "pogroms" ]

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{ "text": [ "Inappropriate antibiotic treatment and overuse" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 0 ], "end": [ 45 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 0 ], "end": [ 4 ] } ] }

[ "Inappropriate antibiotic treatment and overuse" ]

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[ "Self prescription" ]

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[ "overuse of antibiotics" ]

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[ "social and political groups" ]

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[ "The Soviet Invasion and the Afghan Response" ]

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[ "political groups" ]

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[ "Genocide" ]

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[ "intends to destroy a group" ]

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{ "text": [ "as a descriptive term" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 37 ], "end": [ 57 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 6 ], "end": [ 9 ] } ] }

[ "as a descriptive term" ]

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[ "Lemming" ]

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[ "international relations and community" ]

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[ "Australian" ]

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[ "\"ritualcide\"" ]

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[ "ritualcide" ]

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[ "anthropologist" ]

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[ "language, culture, and economic infrastructure" ]

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[ "political killings" ]

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[ "USSR" ]

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{ "text": [ "international intervention in domestic politics" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 486 ], "end": [ 532 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 78 ], "end": [ 82 ] } ] }

[ "international intervention in domestic politics" ]

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[ "William Schabas" ]

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{ "text": [ "its own Great Purge" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 381 ], "end": [ 399 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 61 ], "end": [ 64 ] } ] }

[ "its own Great Purge" ]

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{ "text": [ "legal aspect of the term" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 58 ], "end": [ 81 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 10 ], "end": [ 14 ] } ] }

[ "legal aspect of the term" ]

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{ "text": [ "a crime" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 131 ], "end": [ 137 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 24 ], "end": [ 25 ] } ] }

[ "a crime" ]

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{ "text": [ "the deliberate killing of a certain group" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 387 ], "end": [ 427 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 68 ], "end": [ 74 ] } ] }

[ "the deliberate killing of a certain group" ]

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{ "text": [ "officials in power of a state or area" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 568 ], "end": [ 604 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 102 ], "end": [ 109 ] } ] }

[ "officials in power of a state or area" ]

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{ "text": [ "the Peace of Westphalia" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 657 ], "end": [ 679 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 121 ], "end": [ 124 ] } ] }

[ "the Peace of Westphalia" ]

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{ "text": [ "genocide is more often than not committed by the officials in power" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 519 ], "end": [ 585 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 93 ], "end": [ 104 ] } ] }

[ "genocide is more often than not committed by the officials in power" ]

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[ "ethnic, national, racial and in some instances religious groups" ]

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[ "1648" ]

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[ "International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda (ICTR)" ]

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[ "the Security Council of the United Nations" ]

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[ "March 2012" ]

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[ "He died" ]

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[ "Belgrade" ]

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{ "text": [ "Radovan Karadžić and Ratko Mladić" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 380 ], "end": [ 412 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 72 ], "end": [ 76 ] } ] }

[ "Radovan Karadžić and Ratko Mladić" ]

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[ "genocide or complicity in genocide" ]

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{ "text": [ "Slobodan Milošević" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 0 ], "end": [ 17 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 0 ], "end": [ 1 ] } ] }

[ "Slobodan Milošević" ]

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{ "text": [ "European Court of Human Rights" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 17 ], "end": [ 46 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 5 ], "end": [ 9 ] } ] }

[ "European Court of Human Rights" ]

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{ "text": [ "wider interpretation of genocide" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 195 ], "end": [ 226 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 36 ], "end": [ 39 ] } ] }

[ "wider interpretation of genocide" ]

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{ "text": [ "ethnic cleansing" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 405 ], "end": [ 420 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 71 ], "end": [ 72 ] } ] }

[ "ethnic cleansing" ]

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{ "text": [ "expel Muslims and Croats from their homes" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 519 ], "end": [ 559 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 94 ], "end": [ 100 ] } ] }

[ "expel Muslims and Croats from their homes" ]

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[ "the ICTY" ]

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{ "text": [ "Prosecutor of the International Criminal Court" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 85 ], "end": [ 130 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 15 ], "end": [ 20 ] } ] }

[ "Prosecutor of the International Criminal Court" ]

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{ "text": [ "the United States" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 266 ], "end": [ 282 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 43 ], "end": [ 45 ] } ] }

[ "the United States" ]

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{ "text": [ "his fourth report" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 353 ], "end": [ 369 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 60 ], "end": [ 62 ] } ] }

[ "his fourth report" ]

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{ "text": [ "acts of genocide" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 64 ], "end": [ 79 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 11 ], "end": [ 13 ] } ] }

[ "acts of genocide" ]

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[ "both in peace and wartime" ]

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[ "no claim of genocide could be brought against them" ]

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[ "the United States" ]

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[ "situation in Darfur" ]

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[ "Colin Powell" ]

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[ "several days" ]