id
int64 0
8.19k
| input_1
stringlengths 76
2.05k
| instruction
stringclasses 1
value | output
stringclasses 3
values |
|---|---|---|---|
7,700 | In a previous study, it has been shown that the p22PHOX 242T allele may be associated with decreased NADPH oxidase activity in human blood vessels and therefore reduces susceptibility to coronary artery disease [10]. | Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.
What is the citation below describing?
"{{input_1}}"
| background |
7,701 | The insulininduced increase in F2,6BP and heart PFK-2 activity occurs by the phosphorylation of the serine residues, Ser466 and Ser483 (33). | Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.
What is the citation below describing?
"{{input_1}}"
| background |
7,702 | ” Another study conducted in Chile with 354 patients with renal disease receiving chronic hemodialysis showed similar results.(7) The same happened with albumin, which was correlated with “physical functioning”, indicating better physical functioning for those with the highest level of albumin. | Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.
What is the citation below describing?
"{{input_1}}"
| result |
7,703 | Further, this similar profile has been described for aMCI patients with a higher risk of conversion to AD (Auriacombe et al., 2010; Grober, Lipton, Hall, & Crystal, 2000; Petersen, 2007; Sarazin et al., 2010). | Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.
What is the citation below describing?
"{{input_1}}"
| background |
7,704 | DOI: 10.7554/eLife.08828 14 of 27
mitochondria (Friedman et al., 2011; Murley et al., 2013), with the ER providing a platform for actin polymerization mediated by the ER-anchored formin INF2 (Korobova et al., 2013, 2014; Hatch et al., 2014). | Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.
What is the citation below describing?
"{{input_1}}"
| background |
7,705 | The data set ICE big has been the subject of an earlier extended computational study ([11]). | Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.
What is the citation below describing?
"{{input_1}}"
| background |
7,706 | Surface fluorescence measurements using a 340-to-380-nm excitation fluorescence ratio were used to estimate mitochondrial NADH as previously described (35). | Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.
What is the citation below describing?
"{{input_1}}"
| method |
7,707 | 9 Matching between the bounding boxes computed by our video-based fish identification method [2] (in red) and the ones (in green) provided in the FishCLEF 31K dataset Multimed Tools Appl (2016) 75:1701–1720 1713 | Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.
What is the citation below describing?
"{{input_1}}"
| method |
7,708 | NG86, Nei and Gojobori (1986); Com95, Comeron (1995); Li93, Li (1993) and Pamilo and Bianchi (1993); LWL85, Li et al. (1985); Ina95, Ina (1995); Unc, no multiple substitution correction was used; JC69, Jukes and Cantor (1969); K80, Kimura (1980); TN84, Tajima and Nei (1984); T92, Tamura (1992);… | Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.
What is the citation below describing?
"{{input_1}}"
| method |
7,709 | The Framingham CAD risk scores (FCRS), and the relative and absolute risks of CAD, were calculated according to an algorithm based on a seven variables equation [30]. | Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.
What is the citation below describing?
"{{input_1}}"
| method |
7,710 | , 2011), expression necessary for the induction of a robust form of long-term hippocampal potentiation (Klein, 2008). | Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.
What is the citation below describing?
"{{input_1}}"
| background |
7,711 | However, a few studies reported that Brn4 and Oct6 interact not only with the octamer sequence but also with AT-rich sequences that lack the ATGC site recognized by POUS (15, 45, 66). | Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.
What is the citation below describing?
"{{input_1}}"
| background |
7,712 | The degree of replication strand bias was measured by the GC skew index (GCSI) [29,30]. | Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.
What is the citation below describing?
"{{input_1}}"
| method |
7,713 | The non-photosynthetic strain CC-373 (Shepherd et al., 1979) has a deletion in the chloroplast atpB gene and was used to transform GUS reporter genes. | Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.
What is the citation below describing?
"{{input_1}}"
| method |
7,714 | Since an approximately constant number of sequences were sampled at all time points [13], we consider the normalized distribution of the distances at time t, i. | Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.
What is the citation below describing?
"{{input_1}}"
| background |
7,715 | According to previous data a better outcome with MMF has been demonstrated for non-Caucasian patients (Lee et al. 2010), with considering the fact that our patients were Caucasian, the present study results may put emphasis on the benefit and safety of long term use of MMF in Caucasian race. | Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.
What is the citation below describing?
"{{input_1}}"
| result |
7,716 | This remaining supernatant was then used to resuspend the hR vesicle pellet at a concentration of;0.1 mM. FTIR samples were made from these suspensions with slight modifications to previously published procedures (Braiman et al., 1987; Dioumaev and Braiman, 1997b). | Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.
What is the citation below describing?
"{{input_1}}"
| method |
7,717 | Participants were undergraduates who had been followed during their college career as part of a longitudinal cohort study (see Bonanno et al., 2004; Papa & Bonanno, 2008). | Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.
What is the citation below describing?
"{{input_1}}"
| method |
7,718 | This is in line with several fMRI studies that detected bilateral activation in participants with hemiplegia both in motor and sensory areas (Staudt et al. 2002; Guzzetta et al. 2007; Sutcliffe et al. 2009; You et al. 2005). | Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.
What is the citation below describing?
"{{input_1}}"
| result |
7,719 | Methodological issues are important in the assessment of [Ca(21)]i and [Mg(21)]i in fluorescent dye-loaded cells (18, 19). | Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.
What is the citation below describing?
"{{input_1}}"
| background |
7,720 | One of these, GDC0449 [15,34,48], is currently in several phase I and phase II clinical trials for various types of cancers, including pancreatic cancer (trial ID: NCT01064622 and NCT00878163). | Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.
What is the citation below describing?
"{{input_1}}"
| background |
7,721 | Such states are general in different systems such as Inactive, Suspended, Active (also named/Started [45] or/Running [55]) and Completed [23] (see Fig. | Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.
What is the citation below describing?
"{{input_1}}"
| background |
7,722 | obesity [15] given that low GLP-1 levels has been found to be an important risk factor for T2D [16]. | Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.
What is the citation below describing?
"{{input_1}}"
| background |
7,723 | Royal blue light was also easier to filter from the dye emissions, which is particularly important in ratiometric experiments (25). | Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.
What is the citation below describing?
"{{input_1}}"
| background |
7,724 | interacting with inactive αvβ3 integrin in the membrane plane, Thy-1 controls the ECM effect [12]. | Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.
What is the citation below describing?
"{{input_1}}"
| method |
7,725 | Of interest to motor control researchers are several more recent studies that were designed to examine inhibitory effect in the context of actual aiming/reaching movements to targets (e.g., Briand et al.2000; Welsh and Elliott, 2004b). | Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.
What is the citation below describing?
"{{input_1}}"
| background |
7,726 | In schizophrenic patients, particularly those with recent psychotic exacerbations, psy-
chotic symptoms are associated with dopaminergic hyperactivity (Abi-Dargham et al. 2000; Breier et al. 1997b; Laruelle et al. 1996, 1999). | Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.
What is the citation below describing?
"{{input_1}}"
| background |
7,727 | They implement a line-based algorithm that relies on the Longest Common Subsequence (LCS) (Hirschberg, 1977). | Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.
What is the citation below describing?
"{{input_1}}"
| method |
7,728 | 5 × 109 cells) in the presence of 100 mM potassium acetate (or 50 mM potassium acetate for the experiment in Figure 3D), as previously described (42,43), using a SPEX SamplePrep 6850 Freezer/Mill. | Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.
What is the citation below describing?
"{{input_1}}"
| method |
7,729 | Patients were also stratified (as best as possible) using the available ACSNSQIP variables into the VHWG defined grading system [3], Modified VHWG grading system [16], Ventral Hernia Risk Score (VHRS) [11] and National Nosocomial Infection Index (NNIS) [17] (Table 1). | Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.
What is the citation below describing?
"{{input_1}}"
| method |
7,730 | These results accord well with Canivez and Watkins’s (2010) exploratory factor analysis of the WAIS-IV. That is, Canivez and Watkins reported that the VC, PR, WM, and PS group-level factors accounted for only 7.1%, 3.8%, 2.8%, and 5.3% of the total variance, respectively. Canivez and Watkins contended that the Wechsler (2008b) endorsed index scores should probably be considered of questionable clinical utility in applied settings, which is a contention reiterated here. | Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.
What is the citation below describing?
"{{input_1}}"
| result |
7,731 | These data, in agreement with our earlier work (33), support the hypothesis that the antitumor activity is related specifically to a-CbT and not to some unknown substances present with the purified natural toxin, and reinforced our prior results showing that a-CbT did not cause any cell death among A549-si-mRNA (a7-nAChR) cells (33), sustaining the postulation that its antitumoral activity passes through a7-nAChR inhibition. | Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.
What is the citation below describing?
"{{input_1}}"
| result |
7,732 | For the first calculation, the denominator used was the cumulative ART exposure among adult patients at the referring ART clinics over that period, based on monthly reports of total patients in care in each referring clinic at the end of each month [15]. | Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.
What is the citation below describing?
"{{input_1}}"
| method |
7,733 | Collagen VI is produced in high quantities in skeletal muscle, where it is deposited very close to the surface of the myotubes (Marvulli et al., 1996). | Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.
What is the citation below describing?
"{{input_1}}"
| background |
7,734 | MtrF has been proposed either to shuttle antimicrobials to the pump for export or to help stabilize one or more components of the efflux pump (56, 57). | Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.
What is the citation below describing?
"{{input_1}}"
| background |
7,735 | Coordinative artefacts comprise a symbolic construct objectifying an integrated set of procedures and conventions stipulating the articulation of interdependent activities (Schmidt and Simone 1996). | Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.
What is the citation below describing?
"{{input_1}}"
| background |
7,736 | The design approach is based on the Reactable [10] principles of a collaborative interface based on constructive building blocks with physical objects that trigger or modify sounds, and a lack of division of the interface into territories as a mechanism for promoting self-regulation of spaces [27]. | Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.
What is the citation below describing?
"{{input_1}}"
| method |
7,737 | In short, this procedure allows to subtract the average line-frequency contamination from the EMG signal without inducing a notch in the EMG power spectrum at 60Hz (see [11] for further details). | Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.
What is the citation below describing?
"{{input_1}}"
| background |
7,738 | In this context, the effect of induced substrates on microbial communities and TCE degradation have been studied (Fan and Scow 1993; Mu and Scow 1994; Fuller et al. 1995; Shih et al. 1996; Fries et al. 1997a, b; Mars et al. 1998). | Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.
What is the citation below describing?
"{{input_1}}"
| background |
7,739 | The most commonly used configurations of K-wires for fixation are two parallel wires inserted through the lateral condyle across the fracture and continuing into the medial cortex, or two cross-wires, one inserted laterally and one through the medial condyle [5]. | Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.
What is the citation below describing?
"{{input_1}}"
| method |
7,740 | The capacity to monitor error performance, as reflected in ERN/Ne amplitude, is thought to rely predominantly on intact ACC functioning (Botvinick et al., 2001; Carter et al., 1998; Gehring and Knight, 2000; Holroyd and Coles, 2002; Luu et al., 2000; Ullsperger and Von Cramon, 2003). | Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.
What is the citation below describing?
"{{input_1}}"
| background |
7,741 | This contrasts with findings reported by Sarriot et al. (2004b) on a study of NGO project sustainability that 73% of interviewees (with extensive experience of working with or for health NGOs) disagreed with the statement that ‘[I]nterventions not supported by government structures are not… | Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.
What is the citation below describing?
"{{input_1}}"
| result |
7,742 | In this case, evaluation of MWE acquisition is performed implicitly through the measures traditionally used to evaluate the target application (Finlayson and Kulkarni 2011; Xu et al. 2010; Carpuat and Diab 2010). | Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.
What is the citation below describing?
"{{input_1}}"
| method |
7,743 | …tool which provides enhanced capabilities for peptide sequencing directly from samples such as nervous tissues or even single cells of invertebrates, including those of insects (e.g., Yew et al., 2003; Billimoria et al., 2005; Neupert and Predel, 2005; Nachman et al., 2006; Wegener et al., 2006). | Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.
What is the citation below describing?
"{{input_1}}"
| background |
7,744 | The extract has also been incorporated in a commercialized antidiabetic product in the United States [7]; and decoctions of the plant have been tested on human subjects [14]. | Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.
What is the citation below describing?
"{{input_1}}"
| background |
7,745 | Ghrelin is a 28-amino acid peptide, with a n-octanoylation indispensable for its biologic activity, originally isolated in the stomach as the endogenous ligand for the growth hormone secretagogue receptor (GHS-R) [1,2]. | Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.
What is the citation below describing?
"{{input_1}}"
| background |
7,746 | The self-report component measures interpretation bias through endorsement rates for negative and positive interpretations (Amir et al. 2012; Beard and Amir 2009). | Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.
What is the citation below describing?
"{{input_1}}"
| background |
7,747 | whereas VTG levels in DBP-only treatments did not differ from the solvent control, confirming that DBP had no in vivo estrogenic activity, as reported previously [19,21]. | Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.
What is the citation below describing?
"{{input_1}}"
| result |
7,748 | pneumoniae from SMART in 2003, and 10% and 18% in 2004.(1,7) Other surveillance studies have also noted relatively high rates of ESBL-producing pathogens in Latin America. | Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.
What is the citation below describing?
"{{input_1}}"
| result |
7,749 | They are found on the outer surfaces of cell walls of hyphae and conidia, where they mediate interactions between the fungus and the environment and also between the fungus and host plant roots [34]. | Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.
What is the citation below describing?
"{{input_1}}"
| background |
7,750 | ferent mutations in 10 SCA19/22 families have been published to date [4, 5, 8]. | Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.
What is the citation below describing?
"{{input_1}}"
| background |
7,751 | This is in consensus to other published results for various shoulder interventions [8, 11, 12, 18, 19]. | Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.
What is the citation below describing?
"{{input_1}}"
| result |
7,752 | Ag43 has been shown to play a role in autoaggregation and colony morphology of certain E. coli strains and may be implicated in cell adhesion and biofilm formation (Diderichsen, 1980; Owen et al., 1996; Henderson et al., 1997a; Hasman et al., 1999, 2000; Danese et al., 2000). | Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.
What is the citation below describing?
"{{input_1}}"
| background |
7,753 | The PIWI domain in both Ct-Piwi1 and Ct-Piwi2 is located near the 3’ end of the ORF, which is typical of piwi genes [25]. | Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.
What is the citation below describing?
"{{input_1}}"
| background |
7,754 | …nervous system (heart rate, blood pressure, etc.), it is a direct measure of sympathetic activity that is relatively free of any influence of somatic symptoms (respiratory cycles or muscle tone) [Geer, 1966; Corah and Pantera, 1968; West et al., 1983; Jiménez, 1995; Lundgren et al., 2001]. | Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.
What is the citation below describing?
"{{input_1}}"
| background |
7,755 | In another study in the NHS and HPFS (59), we found that lifestyle factors closely related to energy expenditure, such as physical activity and television watching, also interacted with the genetic obesity risk score in relation to BMI, and stronger genetic eff ects were observed in those with low physical activity or more hours of television watching. | Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.
What is the citation below describing?
"{{input_1}}"
| background |
7,756 | ms attributed to DRA [17], the remaining 59% of this flux would therefore be paracellular and passive. | Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.
What is the citation below describing?
"{{input_1}}"
| background |
7,757 | They comprised 136 strains isolated from clinical environments; 42 strains isolated from intertidal sand contaminated by Prestige’s crude oil [23]; 50 strains from our laboratory collection, which have been previously studied by multilocus sequence analysis, MLSA [6, 20, 22]; and strain PE, which was isolated from a bioreactor seeded with the commercial compound Putidoil®. | Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.
What is the citation below describing?
"{{input_1}}"
| method |
7,758 | This study provided further evidence that VTC is a sensitive measure of instability that may act as a control variable in
the regulation of upright standing posture (Slobounov et al. 1998; Van Wegen et al. 2001, 2002; Haibach et al. 2007). | Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.
What is the citation below describing?
"{{input_1}}"
| background |
7,759 | The degree of coronary stenosis was classified from 5 to 0 as follows: 5 for total occlusion, 4 for 75–99 % stenosis, 3 for 50–74 % stenosis, 2 for 25–49 % stenosis, 1 for up to 24 % stenosis, and 0 for no atherosclerosis [4]. | Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.
What is the citation below describing?
"{{input_1}}"
| background |
7,760 | The known homologous proteins for this matrix were taken from the Database of Aligned Protein Structures (DAPS) (Murzin et al., 1995; Holm and Sander, 1996; Berman et al., 2000; Mallick et al., 2001). | Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.
What is the citation below describing?
"{{input_1}}"
| background |
7,761 | Its NMR data (Tables 1 and 2) also showed great similarity to those of AGI-B4 [7] except for a change in the chemical shift of H-2 (from δH 4. | Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.
What is the citation below describing?
"{{input_1}}"
| result |
7,762 | The vertical line marks the 6 kHz boundary that was arbitrarily set for manually distinguishing between flat and chevron syllables.
et al., 2008; Young et al., 2010; Wohr et al., 2011b) or stress level (Rupniak et al., 2000). | Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.
What is the citation below describing?
"{{input_1}}"
| background |
7,763 | This is consistent with previously reported results (Levinowitz et al., 1998; Rutkowski and Miller, 2003; Ilari and Habibi, 2015). | Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.
What is the citation below describing?
"{{input_1}}"
| result |
7,764 | Microscopic evaluation of the brain of the US 2006 H-type BSE case was limited to the obex and complicated by freeze artifact, precluding a definitive microscopic interpretation [18]. | Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.
What is the citation below describing?
"{{input_1}}"
| method |
7,765 | [30,31] using data from the ART Cohort Collaboration and considering new AIDS defining disease or death from any causes as a composite endpoint. | Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.
What is the citation below describing?
"{{input_1}}"
| method |
7,766 | Coronary flow rate was adjusted to achieve a mean coronary perfusion pressure of 110 mm Hg in hearts from aortic stenosis rats and 75 mm Hg in hearts from control rats, and was then held constant, achieving comparable myocardial perfusion rates per gram of LV tissue in all groups (8,10). | Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.
What is the citation below describing?
"{{input_1}}"
| method |
7,767 | We fit the LCJ, LCJc, and LCJsym to simulated data derived from each parameter configuration and LCJ decision rule, and to simulated data derived from one parameter configuration using the LCJc and LCJsym decision rules. | Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.
What is the citation below describing?
"{{input_1}}"
| method |
7,768 | By clustering with lowly aggressive close kin (King 1989a,b; Viblanc et al. 2010; Arnaud, Dobson & Murie 2012), breeding females may decrease the time/energy cost of maintaining territorial boundaries (Festa-Bianchet & Boag 1982; Murie & Harris 1988), which could ultimately lead to increases in net… | Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.
What is the citation below describing?
"{{input_1}}"
| background |
7,769 | We run our tracking method on 12 challenging video sequences from prior work [5, 6, 7, 3, 2]. | Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.
What is the citation below describing?
"{{input_1}}"
| method |
7,770 | …label, the amount of dye loss from the loaded vesicles was assessed by stimulating the endplates with 1 s trains of either 10 or 100 Hz, with 1 s alternating periods of rest, a pattern that approximates the way in which these junctions would be activated in vivo (Gorassini et al., 2000) (Fig. | Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.
What is the citation below describing?
"{{input_1}}"
| background |
7,771 | 23The fact that players with intermediating roles arise endogenously is in contrast with other models of intermediation, where intermediaries are exogenously assigned to their role, as for example in Rubinstein and Wolinsky (1987), and Blume et al. (2009). | Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.
What is the citation below describing?
"{{input_1}}"
| method |
7,772 | In comparison, the effect of Skp1 modification on culmination implied inhibition of Skp1 breakdown activity toward a hypothetical activator [10,11], and the effects on cyst formation (assessed morphologically) above suggested activation of breakdown activity toward an activator. | Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.
What is the citation below describing?
"{{input_1}}"
| background |
7,773 | DOI: 10.7554/eLife.08828 16 of 27
that normally induces dramatic mitochondrial fission (Korobova et al., 2013, 2014). | Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.
What is the citation below describing?
"{{input_1}}"
| background |
7,774 | Our findings utilizing human materials are consistent with previous studies in murine FHF models in which the administration of anti-Fas antibody resulted in massive hepatocyte destruction (4). | Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.
What is the citation below describing?
"{{input_1}}"
| result |
7,775 | The system was tested on the 20Newsgroups data set [2] by employing the topic grouping suggested in [4]. | Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.
What is the citation below describing?
"{{input_1}}"
| method |
7,776 | Swi1-Swi3 are evolutionally conserved (Tof1-Csm3 in budding yeast and Tim1-Tipin in metazoan), and these proteins physically interact with Mrc1 (4, 13, 41, 45) and are known to be required for stabilization of stalled replication fork and induction of replication checkpoint (7, 31). | Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.
What is the citation below describing?
"{{input_1}}"
| background |
7,777 | Sessions were conducted at the same time of day for each participant after a 4-hr postprandial period during which no food was consumed, in accordance with previous studies including that of Carter et al. (2004). Participants were instructed to abstain from alcohol, caffeine, tobacco, and exercise during the 24-hr period before each visit. | Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.
What is the citation below describing?
"{{input_1}}"
| method |
7,778 | The face database used for building the models was provided by the Max-Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics in Tuebingen, Germany [3]. | Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.
What is the citation below describing?
"{{input_1}}"
| method |
7,779 | …2000; Wang et al. 2001; Boddaert et al. 2003; Ceponiene et al. 2003; Jansson-Verkasalo et al. 2003; Rapin and Dunn 2003; Rosenhall et al. 2003; Boddaert et al. 2004; Gervais et al. 2004; Kasai et al. 2005; Kujala et al. 2005; Lepisto et al. 2005, 2006; Korpilahti et al. 2006; Tharpe et al. 2006). | Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.
What is the citation below describing?
"{{input_1}}"
| background |
7,780 | Our results showed that the mean area of blastocysts that did implant and those that did not wasn’t statistically significant, in agreement with previous papers [28] suggesting that blastocysts of similar area have the same implantation potential. | Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.
What is the citation below describing?
"{{input_1}}"
| result |
7,781 | Similar discrepancies between PCR and culturing methods have been found by other authors (4,8,11) and may result from a low estimate of DNA in the CFU method from unculturable or slow-growing bacteria, nonviable cells, or free DNA. | Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.
What is the citation below describing?
"{{input_1}}"
| result |
7,782 | Wood and Shepherd (2010), in particular, reported a selective decrease of excitatory input onto layer 2/3 pyramidal neurons, with no change in inhibitory drive. | Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.
What is the citation below describing?
"{{input_1}}"
| background |
7,783 | For example, Kawato et al. (1990) suggested that movement trajectories can be projected using critical via-points through which the trajectory has to pass at a certain time, rather than in terms of the moment-by-moment dynamics of the implemented movement trajectory. | Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.
What is the citation below describing?
"{{input_1}}"
| background |
7,784 | Accordingly, time-to-contact measures may yield information about dynamic stability in balance (Patton et al. 1999; Van Wegen et al. 2001; 2002; Haibach et al. 2007) and serve as a ‘‘detector/predictor’’ of future instability. | Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.
What is the citation below describing?
"{{input_1}}"
| background |
7,785 | However, the broad substrate specificity of the AtPLT5 and the unchanged phenotype of Atplt5-knock-out plants make it difficult to speculate on the physiological role of AtPLT5 (Klepek et al. 2005; Reinders et al. 2005). | Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.
What is the citation below describing?
"{{input_1}}"
| background |
7,786 | In agreement with other studies (Hakkola et al., 1994; McKinnon et al., 1991; RodriguezAntona et al., 2001; Schweikl et al., 1993), CYP1A2 mRNA expression was detectable in all samples, although it was below the limit of quantitation in two samples. | Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.
What is the citation below describing?
"{{input_1}}"
| result |
7,787 | We have previously shown that turkey livers possess orthologs to human P450 1A2 and 3A4 which efficiently bioactivate AFB1 to exo-AFBO (Rawal et al., 2010b, 2009; Klein et al., 2000; Yip and Coulombe, 2006). | Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.
What is the citation below describing?
"{{input_1}}"
| background |
7,788 | Moreover, recent findings in Drosophila suggest that the Y chromosome has an important role in male fitness and also contributes to adaptive phenotypic variation through a regulatory role of Y-linked polymorphic elements in gene expression (Lemos et al., 2008). | Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.
What is the citation below describing?
"{{input_1}}"
| result |
7,789 | The I-QoL is a 22-item measure of quality of life, specific to stress, urge and mixed incontinence [17, 18]. | Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.
What is the citation below describing?
"{{input_1}}"
| background |
7,790 | 1% to 3% of all gastrointestinal neoplasms, with an incidence of 1-20 per million and up to 30% of these are considered malignant [1,3,4]. | Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.
What is the citation below describing?
"{{input_1}}"
| background |
7,791 | , 2009), this synteny was also observed in Salmo salar (Pendás et al., 1994), Oncorhynchus mykiss (Móran et al. | Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.
What is the citation below describing?
"{{input_1}}"
| background |
7,792 | Multi-kinase inhibitors including imatinib, which blocks RTKs such as c-Kit and PDGFR, have been used in sarcoma clinical trials with modest success [22]. | Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.
What is the citation below describing?
"{{input_1}}"
| method |
7,793 | The viral VP4, VP6, VP7 and NSP4 genes were amplified with primer sets Con3/Con2, JRG7/JRG8 or GEN-VP6F/GEN-VP6R, Beg9-End9 and JRG30/JRG31, respectively (Gouvea et al., 1990; Gentsch et al., 1992; Matthijnssens et al., 2006; Esona et al.; 2009; Mijatovic-Rustempasic et al., 2011), and subjected to direct sequencing using the same PCR primers. | Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.
What is the citation below describing?
"{{input_1}}"
| method |
7,794 | Our results are in agreement with other studies which reported the presence of plasticizer residues in water stored in bottles [10,12]. | Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.
What is the citation below describing?
"{{input_1}}"
| result |
7,795 | Bayesian (e.g., Brown, Fearn, and Haque 1999; Daniels and Kass 2001) and minimax approaches (Dey and Srinivasan 1985) have been proposed to regularize ̂ by shrinking sample eigenvalues. | Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.
What is the citation below describing?
"{{input_1}}"
| background |
7,796 | b) The average volume-weighted mean glandular volume (VV gl) was performed using the point sampled intercept method [34], that estimates the volume, giving greater chance of volume estimation to structures of greater size. | Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.
What is the citation below describing?
"{{input_1}}"
| method |
7,797 | We included the latter criterion to mitigate negative responses to questions regarding TB symptoms from women who had just learned their HIV test results [13]. | Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.
What is the citation below describing?
"{{input_1}}"
| background |
7,798 | …and glucose and then were tested, within 10 min of their collection , (a) with the modified Griess nitrite method (Cruickshank & Moyes, 1914; Smith et al., 1961; Smith & Schmidt, 1962), (b) with the glucose consumption detecting test (Scherst6n & Fritz, 1967; Schersten, Fritz & Kohler, 1967). | Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.
What is the citation below describing?
"{{input_1}}"
| method |
7,799 | Delta Ct values were calculated by subtracting themean Ct of each discriminating gene triplicate from the geometric mean of the three endogenous control genes’ mean Ct values [5]. | Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}.
What is the citation below describing?
"{{input_1}}"
| method |
Subsets and Splits
No community queries yet
The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.