id
int64
0
8.19k
input_1
stringlengths
76
2.05k
instruction
stringclasses
1 value
output
stringclasses
3 values
7,600
DCS was initially proposed in [56], where a geographic hash table (GHT) is used to determine the location of storage nodes.
Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}. What is the citation below describing? "{{input_1}}"
method
7,601
Because a7 subunits are glycosylated (Gotti et al., 1992; Chen et al., 1998) and possess several phosphorylation consensus sites (Seguela et al., 1993), differences in oligosaccharide trimming or phosphorylation could cause the different a7 subunit pI values.
Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}. What is the citation below describing? "{{input_1}}"
background
7,602
…and complex nature, the PCM model with RB3LYP or RHF method has been used to simplify the optimization of some compounds in the GAUSSIAN 98 program (Becke, 1992a, 1992b, 1993, 1996; Foresman & Frisch, 1996; Frisch & Foresman, 1998; Hehre et al., 1986; Larid, Ross, & Ziegler, 1996; Miertus &…
Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}. What is the citation below describing? "{{input_1}}"
method
7,603
Match kernels defined over various pixel attributes provide a unified way to generate a rich, diverse visual feature set, which has been shown to be very successful to boost recognition accuracy [6].
Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}. What is the citation below describing? "{{input_1}}"
background
7,604
Amyloid-b peptides were reported to enhance vasoconstriction, reduce cerebral blood flow and impair both functional hyperaemia and cerebral autoregulation in mice transgenic for mutant human amyloid-b precursor protein (APP) (Niwa et al., 2001, 2002a, b).
Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}. What is the citation below describing? "{{input_1}}"
background
7,605
exposed to an electric field, rapidly fixed as described (Kindzelskii and Petty 2000), then labeled with FLDHP, showed intense and localized labeling of the lamellipodium (Fig.
Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}. What is the citation below describing? "{{input_1}}"
background
7,606
RBPs contain one or several characteristic RNA-binding motifs that specifically interact with RNA [5,9–11].
Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}. What is the citation below describing? "{{input_1}}"
background
7,607
Sequence identities were determined by pairwise alignment with the European Bioinformatics Institute¢s EMBOSS (www.ebi.ac.uk) application using the Needleman andWunsch algorithm (Needleman and Wunsch, 1970).
Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}. What is the citation below describing? "{{input_1}}"
method
7,608
Given that evaluation of maize RSA directly in the soil is difficult, RSA characterization is usually performed with seedlings grown in paper rolls, in hydroponic systems or on gelbased plates (Liu et al. 2008; Hund et al. 2009a, b; Kaeppler et al. 2000; Tuberosa et al. 2002).
Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}. What is the citation below describing? "{{input_1}}"
background
7,609
The results of the present study, in combination with previously reported studies [Tao et al., 1996], indicate that a low level of persistent lytic infection due to EBV may occur in the nasal mucosa.
Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}. What is the citation below describing? "{{input_1}}"
result
7,610
This is interesting in relation to the result from our previous CGH study (comparing the number of significantly hybridizing probes on the microarray) that showed high sequence divergence on the Z chromosome between the common whitethroat and the zebra finch [62]; and such patterns are also found in other species [48,51,69].
Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}. What is the citation below describing? "{{input_1}}"
result
7,611
…an enormous diversity of anamorphic fungi growing on rotten wood and dead branches in tropical forests of southern China, and several mycological investigations dealing with many new species collected in this region have recently been published (Yuan&Dai 2008; Zhang et al. 2009; Dai et al. 2009).
Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}. What is the citation below describing? "{{input_1}}"
background
7,612
In addition, as can be seen in the table, CLM which integrates a decay function outperforms the models, i.e. GLM and EQE, that do not use one.
Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}. What is the citation below describing? "{{input_1}}"
method
7,613
Then path curvatures were interpolated using the Loess local smoothing technique (Cleveland, 1979; Cleveland & Devlin, 1988).
Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}. What is the citation below describing? "{{input_1}}"
method
7,614
Minimization weights w , which results in the flatness property of the weights, is intended for reducing overfitting of the data and minimization of bad generalization effects [8].
Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}. What is the citation below describing? "{{input_1}}"
background
7,615
This process is controlled not only by the protein-coding segments of the genome but also by non-coding regions, including loci that produce small RNAs (Grivna et al., 2006; He et al., 2009; Thomson and Lin, 2009).
Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}. What is the citation below describing? "{{input_1}}"
background
7,616
Anandarajah and Hight [10] note that spiritual distress occurs when a person is “unable to find sources of meaning, hope, love, peace, * Correspondence: joaopaulocsolano@uol.
Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}. What is the citation below describing? "{{input_1}}"
background
7,617
In addition, the Manual Ability Measure (MAM-16) [35] and Edinburgh Handedness Inventory [36] were completed by both patients and controls.
Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}. What is the citation below describing? "{{input_1}}"
method
7,618
Immediately after the capture of an image, we took a second photograph of the color standard placed in the same location and photographed under the same lighting as the subjects (i.e., the “sequential method”: Higham 2006; Bergman and Beehner 2008; Dubuc et al. 2009; Stevens et al. 2009; Higham et al. 2013).
Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}. What is the citation below describing? "{{input_1}}"
method
7,619
In order to look for coupling between foetal and maternal heart rate, we used a model-based approach that follows the idea of the Granger (1969) causality.
Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}. What is the citation below describing? "{{input_1}}"
method
7,620
It was related for females of Bitis nasicornis (Marsh and Glatston, 1974), Crotalus adamanteus (Mebs and Kornalik, 1984), and Calloselasma rhodostoma (Daltry et al., 1996a, b) the production of an extra venom component that is absent from conspecific males analyzed by electrophoretic profiles.
Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}. What is the citation below describing? "{{input_1}}"
background
7,621
…first discovered, were thought to function as appetite promoters (Sakurai et al., 1998), and it was then found that their impaired system initiates narcoleptic symptoms (Chemelli et al., 1999; Lin et al., 1999; Mieda and Yanagisawa, 2002; Sutcliffe and de Lecea, 2002; Sakurai, 2005; Nishino, 2007).
Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}. What is the citation below describing? "{{input_1}}"
background
7,622
Specifically, Irgm3 was shown to localize to LDs in IFNc-treated dendritic cells [26].
Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}. What is the citation below describing? "{{input_1}}"
background
7,623
On the other hand, there are research works on the design of graph-based routing algorithms [3], [16], [17], [18], [19], [20], [21], [22], [23] to deal with the void problem.
Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}. What is the citation below describing? "{{input_1}}"
background
7,624
Furthermore, a frame-by-frame examination of the corneal reflection of the stimuli recorded on the videotapes (Pascalis and Bachevalier, 1999) was used to quantify two parameters: (1) the total retention time defined as the actual amount of time spent fixating the stimuli during the two 5 sec Figure 1. Coronal sections through the hippocampal formation depicting the intended damage (left), shown in gray, and actual damage in cases H-1 and H-2 with neurotoxic lesions of the hippocampal formation, shown in black. The numerals on the left of each coronal section of the intended lesions indicate the distance in millimeters from the interaural plane. The asterisks point to unintended damage to adjacent structures. amt, Anterior middle temporal sulcus; ERh, entorhinal cortex; pmt, posterior middle temporal sulcus; rh, rhinal sulcus; ot, occipitotemporal sulcus; sts, superior temporal sulcus; TE, TEO, TH and TF, cytoarchitectonic fields described by von Bonin and Bailey (1947). Nemanic et al.
Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}. What is the citation below describing? "{{input_1}}"
method
7,625
Extensive research has been reported by the Algae Research Laboratory of the University of Malaya on this species including its genetic diversity (Sim et al. 2007; Yow et al. 2011, 2013), proteomics (Wong et al. 2006), functional genomics (Chan et al. 2004; Song et al. 2013), transcriptomics (Teo…
Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}. What is the citation below describing? "{{input_1}}"
background
7,626
S1P also regulated ERK activity in several types of the cells including smooth muscle cells (Pyne et al., 1996) and osteoblasts (Kozawa et al., 1997) in addition to 3T3 fibroblasts (Wu et al., 1995; Blakesley et al., 1997; Rani et al., 1997).
Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}. What is the citation below describing? "{{input_1}}"
background
7,627
Surface air temperature data for summer (SSAT) and winter (WSAT), to the nearest 0.1 °C, was collected using the WorldClim database (Hijmans et al., 2005) at every degree of latitude.
Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}. What is the citation below describing? "{{input_1}}"
method
7,628
*** p < 0.0001. phospholipid degradation following tissue damage such as an ischemic brain insult (Horrocks et al., 1981).
Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}. What is the citation below describing? "{{input_1}}"
background
7,629
In addition, we have analysed the activity of JEV NS2B(H)-NS3pro by using a tetrabasic internally quenched fluorescent peptide, Abz-(R)4SAGnY-amide, originally described for the DEN NS3 serine protease [22].
Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}. What is the citation below describing? "{{input_1}}"
method
7,630
The MCQ generates three indices of discounting for small, medium, and large rewards, which are highly correlated (MacKillop et al. 2010), but only the small and large reward magnitude items were used in this study.
Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}. What is the citation below describing? "{{input_1}}"
method
7,631
The DlasR rhlR mutant of the Iglewski PAO1 strain was generated using the same knock-out systems as for strain PAO0001 (Beatson et al., 2002).
Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}. What is the citation below describing? "{{input_1}}"
method
7,632
5 An example of outcomes using the patient-specific MACTAR patient preference disability questionnaire in patients undergoing THA is shown [8].
Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}. What is the citation below describing? "{{input_1}}"
method
7,633
Endothelial cell cultures and capillary tubeswere generated as previously described (5, 11).
Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}. What is the citation below describing? "{{input_1}}"
method
7,634
Otherwise numerous CCK2 agonists, including Boc– CCK-4, BC197 (Derrien et al. 1994; Ladurelle et al. 1997) and compound 1 (Boc-Trp-NMeNle-Asp-Phe-NH2, I. Léna, personal communication), exert a “CCK2A” pharmacological profile, essentially characterised by anxiogenic properties.
Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}. What is the citation below describing? "{{input_1}}"
background
7,635
After the LMTU of MG and Sol data were resampled at 100 Hz, the length changes of TT were calculated by subtracting the horizontal length component of the identified MG and Sol fascicle from the LMTU (7, 12, 13, 20): LTT LMTU Lfa cos where LTT is the TT length, and is the angle between the fascicle line and the aponeurosis (pennation angle).
Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}. What is the citation below describing? "{{input_1}}"
method
7,636
20] In addition, several lines of evidence indicate that NSAIDs, including ibuprofen, have the ability to activate PPARγ receptors in several cell types and tissues.([21-23]) Here, we confirm that ibuprofen inhibits proliferation and report for the first time that ibuprofen inhibits migration of human coronary artery smooth muscle cells (HCASMCs), and that this correlates with the induction of a differentiated phenotype in these cells.
Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}. What is the citation below describing? "{{input_1}}"
background
7,637
LVEF was calculated using the Simpson’s biplane method of discs according to current recommendations.(5) LV mass was calculated according Devereux et al, and indexed for body surface area.
Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}. What is the citation below describing? "{{input_1}}"
method
7,638
…in GABAergic neuronal specification in the CNS. Intuitively, feedforward loops should maintain levels ad infinitum, and this is indeed the case for Pit-1 in the pituitary, Barhl1 in the inner ear and CNS, and Ptf1a in the pancreas (Chen et al., 1990; Chellappa et al., 2008; Masui et al., 2008).
Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}. What is the citation below describing? "{{input_1}}"
background
7,639
from the roots, and play an essential role in acquiring sparingly soluble Fe in the rhizosphere (Herbik et al. 1999; Higuchi et al. 1999).
Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}. What is the citation below describing? "{{input_1}}"
background
7,640
The findings of this study support the results of a previous, unpublished study in which patients were found to have hopes for a cure, symptom relief, information, and understanding.(11) In this study, the impact of patients’ problems on their ability to live normal lives and carry out routine daily activities is evident.
Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}. What is the citation below describing? "{{input_1}}"
result
7,641
Hippocampal neurogenesis, which is linked to healthy cognition, declines with age across mammalian species (Kuhn et al., 1996; Eriksson et al., 1998; Cameron and McKay, 1999; Gould et al., 1999b; Bizon et al., 2004; Siwak-Tapp et al., 2007; Dupret et al., 2008; Hattiangady and Shetty, 2008; Aizawa…
Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}. What is the citation below describing? "{{input_1}}"
background
7,642
Positive for two or more HEV markers or HEV RNA only 220 (27) 66 (8) 216 (26) 26 (3)
Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}. What is the citation below describing? "{{input_1}}"
background
7,643
In RIP-IL-12 mice, the expression of the chemokine genes Ccl5 and Cxcl10 was upregulated [48].
Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}. What is the citation below describing? "{{input_1}}"
background
7,644
Once in aquatic environments, inorganic Hg is microbiologically transformed to MeHg (Anderson et al. 2004; Zahir et al. 2005), making it more prone to biomagnification (Zahir et al.
Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}. What is the citation below describing? "{{input_1}}"
background
7,645
Groups (LHS, RHS, CON) did not differ regarding age or handedness as assessed with the Edinburgh Handedness Questionnaire [16] (MANOVA, n.s.).
Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}. What is the citation below describing? "{{input_1}}"
method
7,646
Oxytocin is famous for its pleiotropic activities including induction of labor and influences on social behaviors [28].
Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}. What is the citation below describing? "{{input_1}}"
background
7,647
In general, accumulated evidence supports a neuroprotective role of eCBs in seizures/epilepsy/excitotoxicity (Blair et al., 2006; Deshpande et al., 2007a; Guggenhuber et al., 2010; Monory et al., 2006; Wallace et al., 2003; Zogopoulos et al., 2013).
Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}. What is the citation below describing? "{{input_1}}"
background
7,648
Usually PUVA is between 90° and 100° [31], however, in our study, the results showed that PUVA in SUI patients was higher than healthy women no matter at resting state or increased abdominal pressure state, indicating that the urethra of patients showed shortening trend which was consistent with the morphological change of urethra at early stage of urination.
Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}. What is the citation below describing? "{{input_1}}"
result
7,649
The communication difficulties were also a result of unfamiliar dialects, and problems related to talking with the elderly and reading and writing in kanji were also reported in another study (Alam & Wulansari, 2010).
Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}. What is the citation below describing? "{{input_1}}"
result
7,650
The ability of estrogens to modulate the expression of neuroprotective agents, namely the potent dopaminergic survival factor, GDNF, has been proven in both midbrain and hypothalamic cultures [10, 26].
Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}. What is the citation below describing? "{{input_1}}"
background
7,651
Anti-jamming coding has been studied in Reference [5], where the cognitive radio system is modeled as many parallel subchannels [6] through which the secondary user sends its data.
Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}. What is the citation below describing? "{{input_1}}"
background
7,652
The Autism Diagnostic Interview-Revised (ADI-R; Lord et al. 1994), the Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule-G, Module 3 (ADOS-G; Lord et al. 2000)/Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule-Second Edition, Module 3 (ADOS-2; Lord et al. 2012), and clinical judgment were used to establish ASD diagnoses.
Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}. What is the citation below describing? "{{input_1}}"
method
7,653
…is because the mechanical and the sonographic parameters impose fundamental limitations and, hence, upper bounds on the quality of the strain estimates (Varghese and Ophir 1997), but the signal-processing parameters can be adjusted to obtain some, but not all, of these upper bounds simultaneously.
Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}. What is the citation below describing? "{{input_1}}"
background
7,654
The National Center for Atmospheric Research Land Surface Model (LSM version 1.0) provides a comprehensive treatment of land surface processes for the CCM3 (Bonan, 1998).
Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}. What is the citation below describing? "{{input_1}}"
background
7,655
The inflection pressure of SA2 is 24 GPa lower than that of SiO2 glass (Murakami and Bass 2010) and 17 GPa lower than that of MgSiO3 glass (Murakami and Bass 2011).
Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}. What is the citation below describing? "{{input_1}}"
background
7,656
, 2005) and after didactic workshop training (mean d = −0.55; Baer et al., 2004; Miller et al., 2004; Moyers et al., 2008).
Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}. What is the citation below describing? "{{input_1}}"
background
7,657
secondary hydrocephalus, presumably by dysfunction of the nigrostriatal dopaminergic system (and consequent decrease in dopamine) induced by hydrocephalus [27] or by direct compression of the rostral midbrain by the expanding third or fourth ventricles [3, 13, 40].
Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}. What is the citation below describing? "{{input_1}}"
background
7,658
These results are intriguing because they run counter to previous reports of the influence of HRT on response to SSRIs in depression (Schneider et al., 1997; Amsterdam et al., 1999).
Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}. What is the citation below describing? "{{input_1}}"
result
7,659
Similar results were observed by dos Santos et al. (2016), who did not find any improvements in rMP between plant height and kernel weight usingmultivariatemodels.
Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}. What is the citation below describing? "{{input_1}}"
result
7,660
In addition, there may be differences in receptor expression patterns between different 82 strains of mice and between mice and rats (Hajos and Freund, 2002; Hoffman et al., 2005; Takahashi and Castillo, 2006).
Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}. What is the citation below describing? "{{input_1}}"
background
7,661
Given the abundance of fine ash particles in the volcanic plume, it is thought that cloud condensation nuclei are readily available (Woods 1993; Williams and McNutt 2005; Durant et al. 2008) and the model assumes condensation occurs immediately once the gaseous phase becomes saturated with respect…
Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}. What is the citation below describing? "{{input_1}}"
method
7,662
This result is in line with the high and ubiquitous genetic variation previously detected for this moss (Spagnuolo et al. 2007).
Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}. What is the citation below describing? "{{input_1}}"
result
7,663
An immature (or mature) zygotic embryo is also an alternative choice of explant for the genetic transformation (Ducrocq et al., 1994).
Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}. What is the citation below describing? "{{input_1}}"
background
7,664
We implemented our approach in a tool called Shadow, which is built on top of the KLEE symbolic execution engine [5] and uses the concolic execution functionality from the ZESTI extension [19].
Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}. What is the citation below describing? "{{input_1}}"
method
7,665
, reaction times) for each type of wordsentence pair (Amir et al. 2012; Beard and Amir 2009).
Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}. What is the citation below describing? "{{input_1}}"
background
7,666
Fatemi and Greenleaf [3,4] demonstrated that in response, the region emits low-frequency longitudinal waves that depend on the radiation force and the mechanical properties of the medium.
Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}. What is the citation below describing? "{{input_1}}"
background
7,667
Various pretreatment techniques, such as hot water (Kim et al., 2008b), dilute acid (Lloyd and Wyman, 2005), lime (Kim and Holtzapple, 2005), ammonia fiber expansion (AFEX) (Teymouri et al., 2005), ammonia recycle percolation (Kim and Lee, 2005) have been investigated thoroughly.
Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}. What is the citation below describing? "{{input_1}}"
background
7,668
GLS Feeding p-OHB GLS was extracted from seeds of white mustard (Sinapis alba) (SeedCom) as previously described (Thies, 1979; Zrybko et al., 1997).
Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}. What is the citation below describing? "{{input_1}}"
method
7,669
The analysis computed is based on the Error Vector Magnitude to check the performance of the optical OFDM system. is mostly measured by Vector Signal Analyzers (VSAs), Real Time Oscilloscopes (RTOs) measuring instruments, capturing real time data and performing frequency domain analysis using Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) [9].
Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}. What is the citation below describing? "{{input_1}}"
method
7,670
A significant difference in methylation between earlypassage and late-passage MSCs has also recently been reported (Bork et al., 2010).
Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}. What is the citation below describing? "{{input_1}}"
background
7,671
For example, one splice variant results in lIMnebulette, also called lasp-2 (Katoh and Katoh 2003). the MB-associated NEBL snP rs11012461 is located within intron 3 of the Lasp-2 portion of NEBL.
Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}. What is the citation below describing? "{{input_1}}"
background
7,672
Stansted, UK) for light and electron microscopy and paraffin blocks for immunohistology, as previously described [24, 25].
Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}. What is the citation below describing? "{{input_1}}"
method
7,673
These results are higher than the percentages obtained by other studies such as 18.3% by Konuma et al. (1988), 28% by Schlegelova et al. (2003) and 30.85% by Tewari et al. (2012).
Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}. What is the citation below describing? "{{input_1}}"
result
7,674
However, by 3 days of UUO, renal AT1 and AT2 receptor expression is not different from that of the intact kidney, whereas by 28 days of UUO, AT1 receptor mRNA and binding have increased compared with the intact kidney (48).
Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}. What is the citation below describing? "{{input_1}}"
background
7,675
As stated earlier, GABAB(1a) and GABAB(1b) are the most abundantly expressed variants of the GABAB(1) subunit (Kaupmann et al. 1997), both of which form functional heterodimers with the GABAB(2) subunit (Benke et al. 1999; Kaupmann et al. 1998a).
Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}. What is the citation below describing? "{{input_1}}"
background
7,676
Failure to restart telomeric replication forks, due to Ctc1 loss, has been shown to lead to an increase in fragile telomeres, stochastic and accelerated telomere attrition, an increase in single-strand G-rich telomeric DNA, and a dramatically shortened replicative potential (Gu et al., 2012).
Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}. What is the citation below describing? "{{input_1}}"
background
7,677
…knowledge base KBP knowledge base population KG knowledge graph LSA latent semantic analysis LOD linked open data LP50 50 documents dataset from Lee et al. (2005) LTR learning-to-rank MRF Markov random field NLP natural language processing OIE open information extraction POS…
Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}. What is the citation below describing? "{{input_1}}"
background
7,678
0 and varimax rotation of the first three components produced the same scales as previous studies [18, 20].
Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}. What is the citation below describing? "{{input_1}}"
result
7,679
is more dialectical and better able to accommodate coexisting opposites (variety effect and overload effect in our case) (Nisbett et al., 2001).
Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}. What is the citation below describing? "{{input_1}}"
background
7,680
Testosterone supplementation was able to reduce abdominal circumference and waist-hip ratio, and to improve insulin sensitivity and glycemic control in men with hypogonadism and type 2 diabetes mellitus (6,8,53,54).
Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}. What is the citation below describing? "{{input_1}}"
background
7,681
The follow-up questionnaire focused on self-reported adherence to ART (as measured by a modified AACTG questionnaire [23]).
Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}. What is the citation below describing? "{{input_1}}"
method
7,682
Our results are supported by findings from recent studies which showed no statistical differences in long term survival [5, 7, 9, 10].
Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}. What is the citation below describing? "{{input_1}}"
result
7,683
The function generating the judgment criterion y included two multiplicative combinations of the cues x1,..., x4: y = 4x1 + 3x2 + 2x3 + x4 + 2x1x2x3 + x2x3x4 8.5 (1) We used the same items in the judgment task as in previous studies (Hoffmann et al., 2014, 2016).
Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}. What is the citation below describing? "{{input_1}}"
method
7,684
Climate 15 change alters global meteorological processes such as atmospheric circulation and precipitation (Seneviratne et al., 2006; IPCC 2012).
Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}. What is the citation below describing? "{{input_1}}"
background
7,685
Promoter and coding regions of MDR pump genes having increased expression relative to parent strains were amplified by PCR and then sequenced in both directions using an automated method by the Applied Genomics and Technology Center, Wayne State University (Sanger et al., 1977).
Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}. What is the citation below describing? "{{input_1}}"
method
7,686
This result is an improvement on the previous bounds on k established by Addario-Berry et al. (2007), Addario-Berry et al. (2008), and Wang and Yu (2008), who obtained the bounds k = 30, k = 16, and k = 13, respectively.
Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}. What is the citation below describing? "{{input_1}}"
result
7,687
The OCD individuals were diagnosed with the Structured Clinical Interview for Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (SCID-I) (First et al. 1996) and OCD symptom severity was assessed using the “The Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale” (YBOCS) (Goodman et al. 1989).
Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}. What is the citation below describing? "{{input_1}}"
method
7,688
MSH3 mutations are rarely seen in HNPCC/LS, although frame-shifts at repeat sequences within the gene are frequently detected in MSI positive CRCs [2,52,53].
Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}. What is the citation below describing? "{{input_1}}"
background
7,689
We refer those readers to the literature that tests and confirms the reliability of retrospective data in general (Berney and Blane 1997; Koenig et al. 2009), and retrospective smoking data in particular (Brigham et al. 2010; Kenkel et al. 2003).
Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}. What is the citation below describing? "{{input_1}}"
method
7,690
For X-ChIP, we found that muscle chromatin shearing was optimal when the tissue was fixed for 5 min in 1% FA and chromatin was sonicated for 15 min, resulting in DNA fragments ranging from 100 to 600 bp as described previously [6, 28].
Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}. What is the citation below describing? "{{input_1}}"
method
7,691
These study areas have all been managed in the same way for multiple generations (from the onset of farming in the area) and are dominated by indigenous vegetation (Little et al. 2013), they have also only been utilized as livestock farms (the region is not suitable for 1446 Biodivers Conserv (2015) 24:1443–1471
Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}. What is the citation below describing? "{{input_1}}"
background
7,692
3 x 10 s ; Figure 2E), probably because of the high valency of FLNA(16-23) (bearing repeats 19, 21 and 23, which bind ICL3).
Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}. What is the citation below describing? "{{input_1}}"
background
7,693
We are also extending our work to semantic interoperability in the healthcare domain (Sonsilphong & Arch-int, 2013).
Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}. What is the citation below describing? "{{input_1}}"
background
7,694
In addition to the trophies and prizes, HBC members gain ‘ball status’ by moving up the ball status hierarchy, comprised of Statement, Star, Legend, and, ultimately Icon statuses, which are based on the number of years in the community, number of awards or trophies amassed, recognition within a particular category, and the number of balls participated in through the years (Galindo, 2013; personal communication with POSSE CAB). Competition can also be heightened through the use of ‘shade’ – backhanded remarks offered by judges or other ball participants (Galindo, 2013). In addition to the formal HBC, there is an emergent ‘Kiki’ or family scene that parallels the House structure but does not maintain the formal relationships that are maintained within the Houses. For example, the families can be formed without a particular House parent and the names are not linked to designers or House founders (i.e. Mafia, Foxx, Golden, Kardashian) (Alonzo Gibson, personal communication 8/14/2015). The family scene emerged as an attempt to reject the perceived rigidity of the Ball scene for up and coming participants. In particular, families formed as an opportunity to provide a safe space where youth could practice ‘vogueing’ and other ball competition skills without experiencing the shade or ‘chopping’ (being cut from the category by judges) that occurs during the competitions. Family scene members may move into the Houses as they get more skilled but they may also remain independent of the Houses and still participate in the balls. This new scene provides new opportunities for youth to become involved in the Ball scene without necessarily belonging to a particular House. The HBC thrives, in part, by serving as an in-group for youth who are so frequently excluded from acceptance within more dominant groups (Rowan et al., 2013). Additionally, the HBC provides both the much-needed acceptance and support that they lack in other contexts, and a safe outlet for expression, camaraderie, and fun. Therefore, although the HBC is a...
Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}. What is the citation below describing? "{{input_1}}"
background
7,695
mediated by cAMP/PKA signaling and therefore controlled by PDE4 activity (Nishi et al. 2008).
Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}. What is the citation below describing? "{{input_1}}"
background
7,696
LiDAR data have high sampling density, and so the IDW approach is a suitable interpolator for DEM generation from LiDAR data (Liu et al., 2007b).
Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}. What is the citation below describing? "{{input_1}}"
method
7,697
Indeed, this result is lower than that determined in our study, and may be due the inclusion of orthopedic, general, gynecologic and urologic cases in their study groups.(4,18) Warner et al.
Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}. What is the citation below describing? "{{input_1}}"
result
7,698
…regions of bean hypocotyls correlates with the expression levels found for the PRP2 transcript in soybean seedlings (Hong et al. 1989), in agreement with the similarity of p33/p36 with the protein deduced from the PRP2 cDNA sequence and their immunological relationship (García-Gómez et al. 2000).
Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}. What is the citation below describing? "{{input_1}}"
method
7,699
© 2008 Molecular Vision Site-specific mutagenesis: Recombinant human WT αB- crystallin or its deamidated constructs, previously generated by Gupta and Srivastava [32], were used in this study.
Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}. What is the citation below describing? "{{input_1}}"
method