minyiche/test · Datasets at Hugging Face

id int64 0 8.19k	input_1 stringlengths 76 2.05k	instruction stringclasses 1 value	output stringclasses 3 values
2,500	To tackle this problem, we employ a recently proposed online dictionary method [8] to update the shape dictionary.	Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}. What is the citation below describing? "{{input_1}}"	method
2,501	DNA methylation of F1 hybrids was significantly lower than those of corresponding controls in our study, which corroborates results from previous publications (Xiong et al. 1999).	Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}. What is the citation below describing? "{{input_1}}"	result
2,502	utilised Cox Proportional Hazards model which accounted for these patients in the analysis [16].	Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}. What is the citation below describing? "{{input_1}}"	method
2,503	Statistical differences were analyzed using 2-way repeated measures ANOVA in the CPP experiment and by Student t-test in the morphine withdrawal.	Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}. What is the citation below describing? "{{input_1}}"	method
2,504	Gait assessment A previously described computerized force-sensitive system was used to quantify gait cycle timing, specifically the swing time and the stride-to-stride variability of swing time (Yogev et al. 2005; Bazner et al. 2000; Frenkel-Toledo et al. 2005).	Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}. What is the citation below describing? "{{input_1}}"	method
2,505	The following mutants and transformants have been described previously: ST:YFP (Grebe et al., 2003); BRI1:GFP (Russinova et al., 2004); AUX1:HA (Swarup et al., 2001); AUX1:YFP (Swarup et al., 2004); GNOMM696L-myc (Geldner et al., 2003); and orc (Willemsen et al., 2003).	Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}. What is the citation below describing? "{{input_1}}"	method
2,506	The more parent nodes Pa(X) contains, the larger the deviation is because of the increasing model complexity and hence the increasing ‘difficulty in estimation’ [30].	Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}. What is the citation below describing? "{{input_1}}"	background
2,507	While the assumption of tissue homogeneity in the probed volume may be adequate for small animal or infant human brain imaging [53], and may yield robust and reproducible measurements in the adult human brain [37], dependence of the optical coefficients to source detector separations have been reported in several studies [37,53,54,55,56,57], indicating a non-negligible depth dependence of the tissue composition.	Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}. What is the citation below describing? "{{input_1}}"	background
2,508	Testing of balance control involved recording biomechanical responses during two perturbation protocols: gait termination (Perry et al., 2001) and gait over uneven terrain (Perry et al., 2004).	Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}. What is the citation below describing? "{{input_1}}"	method
2,509	Although pleural and pericardial effusions are common in SLE and may occur at any time during the disease [5, 6], chylous ascites and chylothorax have rarely been described in patients with SLE [2, 3].	Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}. What is the citation below describing? "{{input_1}}"	background
2,510	The lower abundance of fish at impacted reaches detected in our study agrees with the results of other authors, who in some cases found four times higher biomass at control reaches (Kube cka et al. 1997; Almod ovar & Nicola 1999).	Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}. What is the citation below describing? "{{input_1}}"	result
2,511	…People’s Republic of China and habitat modification can affect the population dynamics of Aurelia spp. across different stages of their life cycle and thus have been proposed as possible causes of jellyfish blooms (Richardson et al., 2009; Dong et al., 2010; Purcell, 2012; Duarte et al., 2012).	Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}. What is the citation below describing? "{{input_1}}"	background
2,512	CT and MRI imaging studies are very helpful during the first hours of evolution of the condition; it has been said that there are some lesions suggestive of vasculitis, including a disrupted white-grey matter connectivity, parenchymal punctiform lesions, or multiple focal lesions [17].	Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}. What is the citation below describing? "{{input_1}}"	background
2,513	Apical color M-mode recordings were obtained at a depth of 16 to 18 cm and a Nyquist limit of 18 to 25 cm/s (15).	Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}. What is the citation below describing? "{{input_1}}"	background
2,514	However, knowing MWEs at the source side already can improve the quality of MT (Carpuat and Diab 2010), and sometimes it is better to transliterate them instead of translating them (Pal et al. 2010).	Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}. What is the citation below describing? "{{input_1}}"	background
2,515	We adhered to the gamete collection and larvae rearing methods of Krupp [38] and Schwarz et al.	Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}. What is the citation below describing? "{{input_1}}"	method
2,516	On the other hand, a Newtonian method like the one considered in [16] never leaves the line x1 = x2 and convergence to the saddle point (0, 0) is expected.	Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}. What is the citation below describing? "{{input_1}}"	method
2,517	If there is a significant impact of GSH on the child’s development, this could potentially be widespread and to test and treat for GSH is reasonably “low-cost” [34].	Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}. What is the citation below describing? "{{input_1}}"	background
2,518	SMA is an autosomal recessive disease with a prevalence of 1 in 10,000 and a carrier incidence of 1 in 50 (Ogino and Wilson, 2002).	Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}. What is the citation below describing? "{{input_1}}"	background
2,519	The validated Malay version of GAD-7 which was found to have good sensitivity and specificity was used in this study [27].	Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}. What is the citation below describing? "{{input_1}}"	method
2,520	BDD patients repeatedly seek treatments to find solutions for their defects and majority are dissatisfied with their results and consultations.[23] All the BDD patients in this study who had sought previous treatments expressed dissatisfaction.	Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}. What is the citation below describing? "{{input_1}}"	background
2,521	This result is consistent with previous results showing that activation of kB-dependent reporter plasmids in response to Ras was inefficient in RelA-deficient cells (Finco et al., 1997).	Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}. What is the citation below describing? "{{input_1}}"	result
2,522	To find the importance samples X[t+1] Pre from X[t], we simply adopt the k-means clustering algorithm [5, 17].	Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}. What is the citation below describing? "{{input_1}}"	method
2,523	In immune cell signalling, rafts are hypothesized to be "platforms" for raft-philic adaptor proteins such as LAT in Tcells [33,34], with these proteins insulated from others with different signals.	Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}. What is the citation below describing? "{{input_1}}"	background
2,524	Although, MPOD is often positively associated with dietary and serum lutein and zeaxanthin concentrations [26], conflicting results have been reported on the influence of sex [22], age [8], BMI [2,31], and other postprandial or environmental factors (e.	Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}. What is the citation below describing? "{{input_1}}"	background
2,525	…or sports (Stewart et al., 2001), although older adults are more likely to engage in the former type of physical activity (duration ratio = 3:1; Yasunaga et al., 2006), and (b) the accelerometer becomes less accurate when measuring lowintensity physical activity such as general household…	Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}. What is the citation below describing? "{{input_1}}"	background
2,526	For the mapping design, we followed principles drawn by [11], with respect to the tri-partite model consisting of binary mapping, basic parametric mapping and expressive mapping.	Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}. What is the citation below describing? "{{input_1}}"	method
2,527	Cut green leaves were immediately taken to the field laboratory where the apoplastic solution was extracted using a vacuum infiltration technique (Husted and Schjoerring, 1995).	Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}. What is the citation below describing? "{{input_1}}"	method
2,528	At the time of this analysis, MOSAIK was unable to align reads from the Applied Biosystems SOLiD technology because of the dinucleotide encoding (also termed “color-space” alignments) that this technology uses (Valouev et al. 2008).	Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}. What is the citation below describing? "{{input_1}}"	method
2,529	This section recaptures some basic results on multifractal products of stochastic processes as developed in Kahane (1985), Kahane (1987) and Mannersalo et al (2002).	Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}. What is the citation below describing? "{{input_1}}"	background
2,530	One of the difficulties encountered here is that the step-by-step construction of local solutions to the discontinuous equation with delays is no longer valid if the delays are time-varying and distributed (see [22]).	Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}. What is the citation below describing? "{{input_1}}"	background
2,531	Only recently, Cai et al. (2014) reported on the isolation of biosurfactant-producing bacteria from petroleum hydrocarbon-contaminated sediment (and water) from North Atlantic, Canada.	Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}. What is the citation below describing? "{{input_1}}"	background
2,532	Diarrhea as observed in the broiler chicks treated with CY (Sharaf et al., 2009) might have lead to excess fluid loss and can be correlated with hemoconcentration, which might have resulted in increased total plasma proteins in the present study.	Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}. What is the citation below describing? "{{input_1}}"	background
2,533	PAR has been described using the image of a spiral (Williamson et al., 2004), and various authors report the suitability of the application of this method to the management of change within organizations (Coghlan and Casey, 2001; Coyer et al., 2007; Kelly and Simpson 2001).	Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}. What is the citation below describing? "{{input_1}}"	method
2,534	br A recent work (Bhuiyan et al., 2004) in the SCNT bovine field demonstrated that transfected ear fibroblasts were less able to develop to the blastocyst stage than their non-transfected counterpart, regardless of passage number (early or late). More likely, discrepancies among results reported up to now are due to differences in vector type, transfection protocols (Bhuiyan et al., 2004), NT methods and donor cell culture conditions (Wells et al., 2003; Miyoshi et al., 2003). Furthermore, the site of gene(s) integration(s), the transgene used and its possible interference in endogenous gene expression could influence results (Hodges and Stice, 2003). Another aspect to consider is donor cell lines and genotypes, since Heyman et al. (2002) found that four different subcultures isolated from a single skin biopsy resulted in significantly different NT blastocyst rates (ranging from 5 to 30%), and Kühholzer et al. (2001) even found different morula and blastocyst rates among clonal colonies obtained from the same donor cell fetus.	Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}. What is the citation below describing? "{{input_1}}"	background
2,535	To prove the necessity of the condition, we use the convergence results of Bousch and Mairesse (2006) and a result of Baccelli (1992).	Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}. What is the citation below describing? "{{input_1}}"	method
2,536	Moreover, phytochelatins have been found to be more effective at preventing oxidative stress than GSH (Tsuji et al., 2002).	Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}. What is the citation below describing? "{{input_1}}"	background
2,537	These results are similar to other reports [34] in which the proportion of J-Lat cells displaying GFP epifluorescence was synergistically increased by prostratin/ HDACI cotreatments compared to treatments with the compounds alone.	Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}. What is the citation below describing? "{{input_1}}"	result
2,538	Local feature descriptors (Mikolajczyk and Schmid, 2005) have been extensively studied, especially since the seminal works by Schmid and Mohr (1997) and Lowe (2004).	Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}. What is the citation below describing? "{{input_1}}"	background
2,539	Following the procedure outlined by Dasgupta and Rivera (2006), the items of both subscales were randomly intermixed and the order of the items was counterbalanced among participants.	Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}. What is the citation below describing? "{{input_1}}"	method
2,540	Testing the questionnaire Finally, 136 recruited patients were evaluated using the Persian version of FABQ, VAS scale as well as validated Persian version of RMDQ.	Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}. What is the citation below describing? "{{input_1}}"	method
2,541	The myocardial performance index (MPI) was calculated from the pulsed-wave tissue Doppler tracings, which have been shown to correlate with values from spectral Doppler tracings with similar diagnostic value [5, 10, 11].	Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}. What is the citation below describing? "{{input_1}}"	method
2,542	…feeding of energydense diets over short periods to cull cows could be profitable (Sawyer et al., 2004), improve carcass characteristics (Swingle et al., 1979; Matulis et al., 1987; Cranwell et al., 1996a; Stelzleni et al., 2007) and meat quality (Cranwell et al., 1996b; Stelzleni et al., 2007).	Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}. What is the citation below describing? "{{input_1}}"	background
2,543	[2] (the Cornell protocol) were each attempts to provide clear and concise screening mechanisms for the large number of patients likely to present for diagnosis and therapy after a bioterrorism-related outbreak.	Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}. What is the citation below describing? "{{input_1}}"	background
2,544	Significant decrease in CTFC was observed in the culprit vessel compared to the non-culprit vessel within the ic group in all subgroups (STEMI vs. NSTEACS, visible vs. no visible thrombus, and TIMI flow 0-1 vs. 2-3).	Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}. What is the citation below describing? "{{input_1}}"	method
2,545	However, other reports have suggested that HG does not influence growth restriction [14, 15], birth weight [11, 16, 17], or risk for SGA [18].	Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}. What is the citation below describing? "{{input_1}}"	background
2,546	…Aldrich, 1993a; Mead et al., 1998; Mullmann et al., 1999), or the channel (MacKinnon and Miller, 1989; Myers and Stampe, 2000), or by charge screening (Anderson et al., 1988; MacKinnon and Miller, 1988; Lucchesi and Moczydlowski, 1991; Giangiacomo et al., 1992, Murrell-Lagnado and Aldrich, 1993b).	Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}. What is the citation below describing? "{{input_1}}"	background
2,547	As in previous studies [30,31,43,44,45,46,47], context was enforced using a strong visual cue, with the two separate word lists each being associated with a different detailed visual poster in front of participants, with the instruction for participants to associate each word on the screen with the poster in front of them.	Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}. What is the citation below describing? "{{input_1}}"	method
2,548	Kongkam et al. 2009 (40) Case series report Morphine or other opioid and nonopioid drugs Meningitis in 2 of 13 patients (15.4%); paraspinous abscess with bacterial meningitis during IT pump use in one patient required pump removal; subclavian venous catheter sepsis and intracardiac fungal ball…	Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}. What is the citation below describing? "{{input_1}}"	background
2,549	Johnson (2002) noted different temporal patterns of fruit production between Andringitra and Ranomafana National Parks, which are only 115 km apart in SE Madagascar.	Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}. What is the citation below describing? "{{input_1}}"	background
2,550	Using these additional analyses, some other authors observed no cleavage of a GFP fusion protein (Surribas et al. 2006, 2007; Tang et al. 2008; Sjöblom et al. 2012), indicating that the cleavage we observed is likely to be product-specific.	Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}. What is the citation below describing? "{{input_1}}"	result
2,551	Peña and Brody (2014) demonstrated that both reactions mainly occur when deviant posts are perceived as reflecting negatively on their recipient.	Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}. What is the citation below describing? "{{input_1}}"	background
2,552	The result that time-matched trials with single and two cues lead to the same performance is in line with the prediction from the threeembedded-components model (Oberauer, 2002, 2009) and furthermore in agreement with the results of Landman et al. (2003), who did not find any significant differences between single-cue and two-cue trials in a similar experiment with a shorter time frame.	Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}. What is the citation below describing? "{{input_1}}"	result
2,553	coli cells, corresponding cDNA fragments were cloned into the expression vector pGEMEX-2Nde, which contained an isopropyl-2-thio-b-D-galactopyranoside (IPTG)‚Äìinducible promoter (Th√∂ny et al. 1994).	Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}. What is the citation below describing? "{{input_1}}"	method
2,554	In Akt2 KO mice, such lack of miR-155 decreased M1 and promoted M2 phenotype in a CEBPβ-dependent manner [51].	Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}. What is the citation below describing? "{{input_1}}"	background
2,555	Additionally, we found that the myoendothelial gap junction-dependent differentiation of PASMCs was mediated at least partly by TGF- signaling (21).	Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}. What is the citation below describing? "{{input_1}}"	background
2,556	The instrument has been used as a gold standard in studies on the validity of screening instruments for common mental disorders in primary care (Jacob et al. 1997; Patel et al. 2008).	Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}. What is the citation below describing? "{{input_1}}"	method
2,557	Briefly, mice, after acclimation, were randomly assigned into 8 groups of 15 each, housed individually and fed the AIN93G diet, the high-fat diet, or the corresponding SPI-containing diets with or without access to in-cage activity wheels (Lafayette Instrument, Lafayette, IN, USA) [19].	Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}. What is the citation below describing? "{{input_1}}"	method
2,558	1, A and B) have been extensively reported (Rodrigues-Lima et al., 2001; Grant, 2008; Butcher and Minchin, 2012), making this enzyme an ideal intracellular candidate to investigate the consequences of nanoparticleenzyme interactions.	Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}. What is the citation below describing? "{{input_1}}"	background
2,559	Conversely, the LOSs in our analysis were similar between groups, while studies usually describe a longer LOS for men (12, 13, 20, 21, 23).	Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}. What is the citation below describing? "{{input_1}}"	result
2,560	The extirpation of ground squirrels from the boreal forest (Gillis et al. 2005; Donker and Krebs 2011), poor active-season survival, low recruitment rates, immigration from nearby low elevation-meadow habitat and population growth rates <1.	Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}. What is the citation below describing? "{{input_1}}"	background
2,561	…the factors that make some services more amenable for offshore BPO (Apte and Mason 1995; Mithas and Whitaker 2005; Venkatraman 2004), and examines supplier capabilities, best practices, and lessons from BPO using case-based research (Cullen et al. 2005; Feeny et al. 2005; Lacity et al. 2003).	Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}. What is the citation below describing? "{{input_1}}"	background
2,562	It has also produced promising results in language translation [57], reconstructing brain circuits [58], question answering [59], and natural language understanding [60].	Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}. What is the citation below describing? "{{input_1}}"	background
2,563	As the ALSOVA study did not use a validated instrument to rate pain, somatic symptoms (symptoms of discomfort) were evaluated for their association with analgesic use, and assessed with one screening question ‚Äòdiscomfort and symptoms‚Äô from the 15D self-administered, validated, health-related QoL questionnaire [31].	Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}. What is the citation below describing? "{{input_1}}"	method
2,564	Johnson (2002) documented variations in fruit availability for 2 sites only 7 km apart in Andringitra National Park.	Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}. What is the citation below describing? "{{input_1}}"	background
2,565	…excessive absorption of calcium from the intestine due to the increased vitamin D, excessive bone resorption, reduced renal excretion of calcium and increased total serum calcium due to increased protein bound and/or complexed calcium with normal ionized calcium levels (Rosol and Capen, 1997).	Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}. What is the citation below describing? "{{input_1}}"	background
2,566	These events impair themetabolic processes of the cell and affect K channels in mitochondria [21, 23, 33, 64, 100, 101, 107–115].	Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}. What is the citation below describing? "{{input_1}}"	background
2,567	2009 (40) Case series report Morphine and other opioid and/or nonopioid drugs Pump dislodgment/migration in 2 of 13 patients (15.	Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}. What is the citation below describing? "{{input_1}}"	background
2,568	Actual estimations performed in this study–whose results are reported in the next sections—employ analysis in R, following a set of instructions provided by Penn State [32].	Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}. What is the citation below describing? "{{input_1}}"	method
2,569	However, a more stringent microarray experiment found that most of the low fluence rate UV-B induced genes depend on either of the two bZIP transcription factors HY5 and HYH (Oravecz et al. 2006, Physiol.	Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}. What is the citation below describing? "{{input_1}}"	background
2,570	…gene expression experiments on many kinds of white-rot basidiomycetes (Alves et al. 2004; Hirano et al. 2000; Irie et al. 2001; Kajita et al. 2004; Kuo et al. 2004; Li et al. 2000; Ma et al. 2001; Mayfield et al. 1994; Schuren et al. 1993; Schuren and Wessels 1994; Sollewijn Gelpke et al. 1999).	Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}. What is the citation below describing? "{{input_1}}"	background
2,571	[4] reported considerably higher cut points than in the current study (sedentary #800 counts.	Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}. What is the citation below describing? "{{input_1}}"	background
2,572	On the same day and in the same place, the subjects underwent two different evaluations of the spine curvature: (1) X-rays and (2) measurement with the arcometer.	Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}. What is the citation below describing? "{{input_1}}"	background
2,573	As a kind of PRRs in innate immunity, TLR4 has a crucial role that mediates signal pathway, and produces inflammatory cytokines, as well as promotes neutrophil chemotaxis [13–16].	Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}. What is the citation below describing? "{{input_1}}"	background
2,574	IMTG fractional synthesis rate was calculated as previously described for use with stable isotopes in humans, using plasma palmitate as the precursor pool from which IMTG is synthesized (47): IMTG FSR(%h) EIMTG palm (t1) EIMTG palm (t0) Eplasma palm (t1) Eplasma palm (t0) 1 4 100 where EIMTG palm(t1) and Eplasma palm(t1) are enrichments of palmitate in IMTG and plasma after 4 h of infusion and EIMTG palm(t0) and Eplasma palm(t0) are enrichments of background palmitate in IMTG and plasma, respectively.	Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}. What is the citation below describing? "{{input_1}}"	method
2,575	These findings are consistent with previous reports (10, 13, 24) that IL-1 and TNF-a increase ICAM-1 expression by .	Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}. What is the citation below describing? "{{input_1}}"	result
2,576	This study was conducted and reported using the following checklists: AMSTAR (Assessment of Multiple Systematic Reviews) [15] and PRISMA Statement (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) [16] (S1 Appendix).	Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}. What is the citation below describing? "{{input_1}}"	method
2,577	Starting in 2003, DAISY began sending a Youth Adolescent Questionnaire (YAQ) to children aged 10 years or older, so that these older children could report their own diets [16].	Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}. What is the citation below describing? "{{input_1}}"	background
2,578	We calculated the observed MAF for each SNP with CoAncestry [29] by taking the frequency of the least frequent allele and averaged that over all loci to obtain average MAF.	Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}. What is the citation below describing? "{{input_1}}"	method
2,579	…different site between SMN1 and SMN2 is shown in black ic position; REF, reference allele of the SNPs; ALT, alternative allele of the SNPs; H, widely applied in clinics (Handyside, 2011, 2013; Tan et al., 2013; Jones et al., 2014; Fan et al., 2015; Lukaszuk et al., 2015b; Zimmerman et al., 2016).	Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}. What is the citation below describing? "{{input_1}}"	background
2,580	In this work we consider the automatic generation of test inputs for programs written in the logic programming language Mercury [13].	Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}. What is the citation below describing? "{{input_1}}"	method
2,581	, inhibition of cell death and stimulation of proliferation) of the cytokine on various cell types of the cardiovascular system, including endothelial cells, vascular smooth muscle cells, and cardiomyocytes (11).	Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}. What is the citation below describing? "{{input_1}}"	background
2,582	This is in accordance with the results of previous studies concerning other autoimmune disorders [12–14].	Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}. What is the citation below describing? "{{input_1}}"	result
2,583	Using whole-Pg lysates, a Pg-specific lipopolysaccharide or recombinant citrullinated Pg PAD, other investigators have previously demonstrated increased frequencies of Pg antibody responses in patients with chronic RA compared with healthy control participants [5,13-16,22], as we did using whole-sonicate antigens.	Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}. What is the citation below describing? "{{input_1}}"	result
2,584	Krohel and Hepler [1] 1979 51/M Middle cranial fossa, optic nerve Unilateral advanced glaucoma	Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}. What is the citation below describing? "{{input_1}}"	background
2,585	Previous research has shown that EC and EI can be significantly affected by other confounding/ independent factors such as field moisture capacity, position of the positive plant electrode and negative soil electrode, and soil/root temperature (Aubrecht et al. 2006; Dietrich et al. 2013; Postic and Claude 2016). EC increases gradually with increasing field moisture and plateaus when field moisture reaches maximum soil water capacity (Dalton 1995; Dietrich et al. 2013). The current research supports these previous results, as the EC increased and EI decreased following irrigation, regardless of treatments (Table 2). Dalton (1995) explained that a decrease in EC was caused by less effective root tissue in contact with soil medium.	Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}. What is the citation below describing? "{{input_1}}"	result
2,586	In (Rüdiger et al., 2007a) the dependability of a system was defined as: Definition 7.	Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}. What is the citation below describing? "{{input_1}}"	background
2,587	…among grapevine cultivars, different molecular markers such as RAPD (Moreno et al. 1995), AFLP (Cervera et al. 1998), SSR (Bowers et al. 1996; Sefc et al. 1999), ISSR (Moreno et al. 1998), S-SAP (D’Onofrio et al. 2010), REMAP (Castro et al. 2012), and SAMPL (Cretazzo et al. 2010) were used.	Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}. What is the citation below describing? "{{input_1}}"	method
2,588	For uncertainty of positional data, there is large numbers of research documents (Shi and Liu, 2000).	Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}. What is the citation below describing? "{{input_1}}"	background
2,589	This was in agreement with previous results [62,63], but not with those supporting the emergence of Capsaspora at the base of the group composed of Choanoflagellata and Metazoa [64,65].	Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}. What is the citation below describing? "{{input_1}}"	result
2,590	In terms of computational complexity, the model checking task on ATL can be done in polynomial time wrt to the size of the game structure [1].	Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}. What is the citation below describing? "{{input_1}}"	background
2,591	The D-HOTM system is based on the Text Mining Infrast ucture (TMI) developed by the parallel and distributed text mining lab at Lehigh University [20].	Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}. What is the citation below describing? "{{input_1}}"	method
2,592	Since 2001, a large number of DHT designs have been introduced, such as Chord [2], CAN [3], Pastry [4], Tapestry [5], Kademlia [17], etc.	Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}. What is the citation below describing? "{{input_1}}"	background
2,593	Hence, a form of approach–avoidance conflict is apparent (Holmes, 2001; Lister, 1990).	Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}. What is the citation below describing? "{{input_1}}"	background
2,594	Direct segments [46] and redundant memory mappings [184] reduce address translation overheads by mapping large contiguous virtual memory to contiguous physical address space which reduces address translation overheads by increasing the reach of TLB entries.	Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}. What is the citation below describing? "{{input_1}}"	background
2,595	…substantial evidence for an evolutionarily conserved function for the yeast and mammalian retromer complexes in regulating retrieval of TGN resident cargo from endosomes (Horazdovsky et al., 1997; Seaman et al., 1997; Seaman et al., 1998; Arighi et al., 2004; Seaman, 2004; Carlton et al., 2004).	Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}. What is the citation below describing? "{{input_1}}"	background
2,596	Patients Adults expected to be on mechanical ventilation for C3 days were included if they had a clinical diagnosis of Gram-negative hospital-acquired pneumonia (diagnosed C48 h after hospital admission), VAP (diagnosed [48 h after intubation), or HCAP (pneumonia in patients with a recent stay in an acute or long-term care facility) [10]; had a clinical pulmonary infection score (CPIS) of C6 (as defined by Fartoukh et al. [11] excluding the microbiologic criteria therein); and at least one of four risk factors for Gram-negative multidrug-resistant organisms (hospital stay of at least 5 days or an HCAP diagnosis; antibiotic use in the past 2 weeks; and history of colonization or exposure to multidrug-resistant Gram-negative pathogens) [10].	Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}. What is the citation below describing? "{{input_1}}"	method
2,597	We mimic the procedure used in [13]: An offline training set is used to learn an initial model and hyperparameters, then an online training set is used to evaluate incremental learning.	Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}. What is the citation below describing? "{{input_1}}"	method
2,598	…BG. Nestin is a forerunner to GFaP in the cytoskeleton during ontogenesis of the nervous system (hockfield and McKay 1985; Marvin et al. 1998; Kalman and ajtai 2001; Mudo et al. 2009) and in the cerebellum (Yamada and Watanabe 2002) as well. these articles described that 1 3 nestin first…	Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}. What is the citation below describing? "{{input_1}}"	background
2,599	For a detailed description of the test system, see Timmermann et al. (2008).	Citations can describe a {{answer_choices[0]}}, a {{answer_choices[2]}}, or {{answer_choices[1]}}. What is the citation below describing? "{{input_1}}"	background

2,500

To tackle this problem, we employ a recently proposed online dictionary method [8] to update the shape dictionary.

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method

2,501

DNA methylation of F1 hybrids was significantly lower than those of corresponding controls in our study, which corroborates results from previous publications (Xiong et al. 1999).

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result

2,502

utilised Cox Proportional Hazards model which accounted for these patients in the analysis [16].

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method

2,503

Statistical differences were analyzed using 2-way repeated measures ANOVA in the CPP experiment and by Student t-test in the morphine withdrawal.

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method

2,504

Gait assessment A previously described computerized force-sensitive system was used to quantify gait cycle timing, specifically the swing time and the stride-to-stride variability of swing time (Yogev et al. 2005; Bazner et al. 2000; Frenkel-Toledo et al. 2005).

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method

2,505

The following mutants and transformants have been described previously: ST:YFP (Grebe et al., 2003); BRI1:GFP (Russinova et al., 2004); AUX1:HA (Swarup et al., 2001); AUX1:YFP (Swarup et al., 2004); GNOMM696L-myc (Geldner et al., 2003); and orc (Willemsen et al., 2003).

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method

2,506

The more parent nodes Pa(X) contains, the larger the deviation is because of the increasing model complexity and hence the increasing ‘difficulty in estimation’ [30].

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background

2,507

While the assumption of tissue homogeneity in the probed volume may be adequate for small animal or infant human brain imaging [53], and may yield robust and reproducible measurements in the adult human brain [37], dependence of the optical coefficients to source detector separations have been reported in several studies [37,53,54,55,56,57], indicating a non-negligible depth dependence of the tissue composition.

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background

2,508

Testing of balance control involved recording biomechanical responses during two perturbation protocols: gait termination (Perry et al., 2001) and gait over uneven terrain (Perry et al., 2004).

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method

2,509

Although pleural and pericardial effusions are common in SLE and may occur at any time during the disease [5, 6], chylous ascites and chylothorax have rarely been described in patients with SLE [2, 3].

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background

2,510

The lower abundance of fish at impacted reaches detected in our study agrees with the results of other authors, who in some cases found four times higher biomass at control reaches (Kube cka et al. 1997; Almod ovar & Nicola 1999).

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result

2,511

…People’s Republic of China and habitat modification can affect the population dynamics of Aurelia spp. across different stages of their life cycle and thus have been proposed as possible causes of jellyfish blooms (Richardson et al., 2009; Dong et al., 2010; Purcell, 2012; Duarte et al., 2012).

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background

2,512

CT and MRI imaging studies are very helpful during the first hours of evolution of the condition; it has been said that there are some lesions suggestive of vasculitis, including a disrupted white-grey matter connectivity, parenchymal punctiform lesions, or multiple focal lesions [17].

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background

2,513

Apical color M-mode recordings were obtained at a depth of 16 to 18 cm and a Nyquist limit of 18 to 25 cm/s (15).

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background

2,514

However, knowing MWEs at the source side already can improve the quality of MT (Carpuat and Diab 2010), and sometimes it is better to transliterate them instead of translating them (Pal et al. 2010).

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background

2,515

We adhered to the gamete collection and larvae rearing methods of Krupp [38] and Schwarz et al.

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method

2,516

On the other hand, a Newtonian method like the one considered in [16] never leaves the line x1 = x2 and convergence to the saddle point (0, 0) is expected.

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method

2,517

If there is a significant impact of GSH on the child’s development, this could potentially be widespread and to test and treat for GSH is reasonably “low-cost” [34].

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background

2,518

SMA is an autosomal recessive disease with a prevalence of 1 in 10,000 and a carrier incidence of 1 in 50 (Ogino and Wilson, 2002).

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background

2,519

The validated Malay version of GAD-7 which was found to have good sensitivity and specificity was used in this study [27].

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method

2,520

BDD patients repeatedly seek treatments to find solutions for their defects and majority are dissatisfied with their results and consultations.[23] All the BDD patients in this study who had sought previous treatments expressed dissatisfaction.

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background

2,521

This result is consistent with previous results showing that activation of kB-dependent reporter plasmids in response to Ras was inefficient in RelA-deficient cells (Finco et al., 1997).

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result

2,522

To find the importance samples X[t+1] Pre from X[t], we simply adopt the k-means clustering algorithm [5, 17].

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method

2,523

In immune cell signalling, rafts are hypothesized to be "platforms" for raft-philic adaptor proteins such as LAT in Tcells [33,34], with these proteins insulated from others with different signals.

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background

2,524

Although, MPOD is often positively associated with dietary and serum lutein and zeaxanthin concentrations [26], conflicting results have been reported on the influence of sex [22], age [8], BMI [2,31], and other postprandial or environmental factors (e.

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background

2,525

…or sports (Stewart et al., 2001), although older adults are more likely to engage in the former type of physical activity (duration ratio = 3:1; Yasunaga et al., 2006), and (b) the accelerometer becomes less accurate when measuring lowintensity physical activity such as general household…

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background

2,526

For the mapping design, we followed principles drawn by [11], with respect to the tri-partite model consisting of binary mapping, basic parametric mapping and expressive mapping.

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method

2,527

Cut green leaves were immediately taken to the field laboratory where the apoplastic solution was extracted using a vacuum infiltration technique (Husted and Schjoerring, 1995).

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method

2,528

At the time of this analysis, MOSAIK was unable to align reads from the Applied Biosystems SOLiD technology because of the dinucleotide encoding (also termed “color-space” alignments) that this technology uses (Valouev et al. 2008).

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method

2,529

This section recaptures some basic results on multifractal products of stochastic processes as developed in Kahane (1985), Kahane (1987) and Mannersalo et al (2002).

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background

2,530

One of the difficulties encountered here is that the step-by-step construction of local solutions to the discontinuous equation with delays is no longer valid if the delays are time-varying and distributed (see [22]).

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background

2,531

Only recently, Cai et al. (2014) reported on the isolation of biosurfactant-producing bacteria from petroleum hydrocarbon-contaminated sediment (and water) from North Atlantic, Canada.

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background

2,532

Diarrhea as observed in the broiler chicks treated with CY (Sharaf et al., 2009) might have lead to excess fluid loss and can be correlated with hemoconcentration, which might have resulted in increased total plasma proteins in the present study.

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background

2,533

PAR has been described using the image of a spiral (Williamson et al., 2004), and various authors report the suitability of the application of this method to the management of change within organizations (Coghlan and Casey, 2001; Coyer et al., 2007; Kelly and Simpson 2001).

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method

2,534

br A recent work (Bhuiyan et al., 2004) in the SCNT bovine field demonstrated that transfected ear fibroblasts were less able to develop to the blastocyst stage than their non-transfected counterpart, regardless of passage number (early or late). More likely, discrepancies among results reported up to now are due to differences in vector type, transfection protocols (Bhuiyan et al., 2004), NT methods and donor cell culture conditions (Wells et al., 2003; Miyoshi et al., 2003). Furthermore, the site of gene(s) integration(s), the transgene used and its possible interference in endogenous gene expression could influence results (Hodges and Stice, 2003). Another aspect to consider is donor cell lines and genotypes, since Heyman et al. (2002) found that four different subcultures isolated from a single skin biopsy resulted in significantly different NT blastocyst rates (ranging from 5 to 30%), and Kühholzer et al. (2001) even found different morula and blastocyst rates among clonal colonies obtained from the same donor cell fetus.

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2,535

To prove the necessity of the condition, we use the convergence results of Bousch and Mairesse (2006) and a result of Baccelli (1992).

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method

2,536

Moreover, phytochelatins have been found to be more effective at preventing oxidative stress than GSH (Tsuji et al., 2002).

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background

2,537

These results are similar to other reports [34] in which the proportion of J-Lat cells displaying GFP epifluorescence was synergistically increased by prostratin/ HDACI cotreatments compared to treatments with the compounds alone.

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result

2,538

Local feature descriptors (Mikolajczyk and Schmid, 2005) have been extensively studied, especially since the seminal works by Schmid and Mohr (1997) and Lowe (2004).

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background

2,539

Following the procedure outlined by Dasgupta and Rivera (2006), the items of both subscales were randomly intermixed and the order of the items was counterbalanced among participants.

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method

2,540

Testing the questionnaire Finally, 136 recruited patients were evaluated using the Persian version of FABQ, VAS scale as well as validated Persian version of RMDQ.

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method

2,541

The myocardial performance index (MPI) was calculated from the pulsed-wave tissue Doppler tracings, which have been shown to correlate with values from spectral Doppler tracings with similar diagnostic value [5, 10, 11].

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method

2,542

…feeding of energydense diets over short periods to cull cows could be profitable (Sawyer et al., 2004), improve carcass characteristics (Swingle et al., 1979; Matulis et al., 1987; Cranwell et al., 1996a; Stelzleni et al., 2007) and meat quality (Cranwell et al., 1996b; Stelzleni et al., 2007).

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background

2,543

[2] (the Cornell protocol) were each attempts to provide clear and concise screening mechanisms for the large number of patients likely to present for diagnosis and therapy after a bioterrorism-related outbreak.

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background

2,544

Significant decrease in CTFC was observed in the culprit vessel compared to the non-culprit vessel within the ic group in all subgroups (STEMI vs. NSTEACS, visible vs. no visible thrombus, and TIMI flow 0-1 vs. 2-3).

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method

2,545

However, other reports have suggested that HG does not influence growth restriction [14, 15], birth weight [11, 16, 17], or risk for SGA [18].

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background

2,546

…Aldrich, 1993a; Mead et al., 1998; Mullmann et al., 1999), or the channel (MacKinnon and Miller, 1989; Myers and Stampe, 2000), or by charge screening (Anderson et al., 1988; MacKinnon and Miller, 1988; Lucchesi and Moczydlowski, 1991; Giangiacomo et al., 1992, Murrell-Lagnado and Aldrich, 1993b).

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background

2,547

As in previous studies [30,31,43,44,45,46,47], context was enforced using a strong visual cue, with the two separate word lists each being associated with a different detailed visual poster in front of participants, with the instruction for participants to associate each word on the screen with the poster in front of them.

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method

2,548

Kongkam et al. 2009 (40) Case series report Morphine or other opioid and nonopioid drugs Meningitis in 2 of 13 patients (15.4%); paraspinous abscess with bacterial meningitis during IT pump use in one patient required pump removal; subclavian venous catheter sepsis and intracardiac fungal ball…

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2,549

Johnson (2002) noted different temporal patterns of fruit production between Andringitra and Ranomafana National Parks, which are only 115 km apart in SE Madagascar.

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2,550

Using these additional analyses, some other authors observed no cleavage of a GFP fusion protein (Surribas et al. 2006, 2007; Tang et al. 2008; Sjöblom et al. 2012), indicating that the cleavage we observed is likely to be product-specific.

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result

2,551

Peña and Brody (2014) demonstrated that both reactions mainly occur when deviant posts are perceived as reflecting negatively on their recipient.

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2,552

The result that time-matched trials with single and two cues lead to the same performance is in line with the prediction from the threeembedded-components model (Oberauer, 2002, 2009) and furthermore in agreement with the results of Landman et al. (2003), who did not find any significant differences between single-cue and two-cue trials in a similar experiment with a shorter time frame.

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result

2,553

coli cells, corresponding cDNA fragments were cloned into the expression vector pGEMEX-2Nde, which contained an isopropyl-2-thio-b-D-galactopyranoside (IPTG)‚Äìinducible promoter (Th√∂ny et al. 1994).

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method

2,554

In Akt2 KO mice, such lack of miR-155 decreased M1 and promoted M2 phenotype in a CEBPβ-dependent manner [51].

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2,555

Additionally, we found that the myoendothelial gap junction-dependent differentiation of PASMCs was mediated at least partly by TGF- signaling (21).

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2,556

The instrument has been used as a gold standard in studies on the validity of screening instruments for common mental disorders in primary care (Jacob et al. 1997; Patel et al. 2008).

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method

2,557

Briefly, mice, after acclimation, were randomly assigned into 8 groups of 15 each, housed individually and fed the AIN93G diet, the high-fat diet, or the corresponding SPI-containing diets with or without access to in-cage activity wheels (Lafayette Instrument, Lafayette, IN, USA) [19].

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method

2,558

1, A and B) have been extensively reported (Rodrigues-Lima et al., 2001; Grant, 2008; Butcher and Minchin, 2012), making this enzyme an ideal intracellular candidate to investigate the consequences of nanoparticleenzyme interactions.

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2,559

Conversely, the LOSs in our analysis were similar between groups, while studies usually describe a longer LOS for men (12, 13, 20, 21, 23).

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result

2,560

The extirpation of ground squirrels from the boreal forest (Gillis et al. 2005; Donker and Krebs 2011), poor active-season survival, low recruitment rates, immigration from nearby low elevation-meadow habitat and population growth rates <1.

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background

2,561

…the factors that make some services more amenable for offshore BPO (Apte and Mason 1995; Mithas and Whitaker 2005; Venkatraman 2004), and examines supplier capabilities, best practices, and lessons from BPO using case-based research (Cullen et al. 2005; Feeny et al. 2005; Lacity et al. 2003).

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2,562

It has also produced promising results in language translation [57], reconstructing brain circuits [58], question answering [59], and natural language understanding [60].

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background

2,563

As the ALSOVA study did not use a validated instrument to rate pain, somatic symptoms (symptoms of discomfort) were evaluated for their association with analgesic use, and assessed with one screening question ‚Äòdiscomfort and symptoms‚Äô from the 15D self-administered, validated, health-related QoL questionnaire [31].

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method

2,564

Johnson (2002) documented variations in fruit availability for 2 sites only 7 km apart in Andringitra National Park.

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2,565

…excessive absorption of calcium from the intestine due to the increased vitamin D, excessive bone resorption, reduced renal excretion of calcium and increased total serum calcium due to increased protein bound and/or complexed calcium with normal ionized calcium levels (Rosol and Capen, 1997).

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2,566

These events impair themetabolic processes of the cell and affect K channels in mitochondria [21, 23, 33, 64, 100, 101, 107–115].

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2,567

2009 (40) Case series report Morphine and other opioid and/or nonopioid drugs Pump dislodgment/migration in 2 of 13 patients (15.

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2,568

Actual estimations performed in this study–whose results are reported in the next sections—employ analysis in R, following a set of instructions provided by Penn State [32].

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method

2,569

However, a more stringent microarray experiment found that most of the low fluence rate UV-B induced genes depend on either of the two bZIP transcription factors HY5 and HYH (Oravecz et al. 2006, Physiol.

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2,570

…gene expression experiments on many kinds of white-rot basidiomycetes (Alves et al. 2004; Hirano et al. 2000; Irie et al. 2001; Kajita et al. 2004; Kuo et al. 2004; Li et al. 2000; Ma et al. 2001; Mayfield et al. 1994; Schuren et al. 1993; Schuren and Wessels 1994; Sollewijn Gelpke et al. 1999).

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2,571

[4] reported considerably higher cut points than in the current study (sedentary #800 counts.

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2,572

On the same day and in the same place, the subjects underwent two different evaluations of the spine curvature: (1) X-rays and (2) measurement with the arcometer.

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background

2,573

As a kind of PRRs in innate immunity, TLR4 has a crucial role that mediates signal pathway, and produces inflammatory cytokines, as well as promotes neutrophil chemotaxis [13–16].

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background

2,574

IMTG fractional synthesis rate was calculated as previously described for use with stable isotopes in humans, using plasma palmitate as the precursor pool from which IMTG is synthesized (47): IMTG FSR(%h) EIMTG palm (t1) EIMTG palm (t0) Eplasma palm (t1) Eplasma palm (t0) 1 4 100 where EIMTG palm(t1) and Eplasma palm(t1) are enrichments of palmitate in IMTG and plasma after 4 h of infusion and EIMTG palm(t0) and Eplasma palm(t0) are enrichments of background palmitate in IMTG and plasma, respectively.

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method

2,575

These findings are consistent with previous reports (10, 13, 24) that IL-1 and TNF-a increase ICAM-1 expression by .

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result

2,576

This study was conducted and reported using the following checklists: AMSTAR (Assessment of Multiple Systematic Reviews) [15] and PRISMA Statement (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) [16] (S1 Appendix).

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method

2,577

Starting in 2003, DAISY began sending a Youth Adolescent Questionnaire (YAQ) to children aged 10 years or older, so that these older children could report their own diets [16].

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background

2,578

We calculated the observed MAF for each SNP with CoAncestry [29] by taking the frequency of the least frequent allele and averaged that over all loci to obtain average MAF.

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method

2,579

…different site between SMN1 and SMN2 is shown in black ic position; REF, reference allele of the SNPs; ALT, alternative allele of the SNPs; H, widely applied in clinics (Handyside, 2011, 2013; Tan et al., 2013; Jones et al., 2014; Fan et al., 2015; Lukaszuk et al., 2015b; Zimmerman et al., 2016).

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2,580

In this work we consider the automatic generation of test inputs for programs written in the logic programming language Mercury [13].

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method

2,581

, inhibition of cell death and stimulation of proliferation) of the cytokine on various cell types of the cardiovascular system, including endothelial cells, vascular smooth muscle cells, and cardiomyocytes (11).

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2,582

This is in accordance with the results of previous studies concerning other autoimmune disorders [12–14].

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result

2,583

Using whole-Pg lysates, a Pg-specific lipopolysaccharide or recombinant citrullinated Pg PAD, other investigators have previously demonstrated increased frequencies of Pg antibody responses in patients with chronic RA compared with healthy control participants [5,13-16,22], as we did using whole-sonicate antigens.

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result

2,584

Krohel and Hepler [1] 1979 51/M Middle cranial fossa, optic nerve Unilateral advanced glaucoma

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background

2,585

Previous research has shown that EC and EI can be significantly affected by other confounding/ independent factors such as field moisture capacity, position of the positive plant electrode and negative soil electrode, and soil/root temperature (Aubrecht et al. 2006; Dietrich et al. 2013; Postic and Claude 2016). EC increases gradually with increasing field moisture and plateaus when field moisture reaches maximum soil water capacity (Dalton 1995; Dietrich et al. 2013). The current research supports these previous results, as the EC increased and EI decreased following irrigation, regardless of treatments (Table 2). Dalton (1995) explained that a decrease in EC was caused by less effective root tissue in contact with soil medium.

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result

2,586

In (Rüdiger et al., 2007a) the dependability of a system was defined as: Definition 7.

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2,587

…among grapevine cultivars, different molecular markers such as RAPD (Moreno et al. 1995), AFLP (Cervera et al. 1998), SSR (Bowers et al. 1996; Sefc et al. 1999), ISSR (Moreno et al. 1998), S-SAP (D’Onofrio et al. 2010), REMAP (Castro et al. 2012), and SAMPL (Cretazzo et al. 2010) were used.

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method

2,588

For uncertainty of positional data, there is large numbers of research documents (Shi and Liu, 2000).

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2,589

This was in agreement with previous results [62,63], but not with those supporting the emergence of Capsaspora at the base of the group composed of Choanoflagellata and Metazoa [64,65].

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2,590

In terms of computational complexity, the model checking task on ATL can be done in polynomial time wrt to the size of the game structure [1].

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2,591

The D-HOTM system is based on the Text Mining Infrast ucture (TMI) developed by the parallel and distributed text mining lab at Lehigh University [20].

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method

2,592

Since 2001, a large number of DHT designs have been introduced, such as Chord [2], CAN [3], Pastry [4], Tapestry [5], Kademlia [17], etc.

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2,593

Hence, a form of approach–avoidance conflict is apparent (Holmes, 2001; Lister, 1990).

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2,594

Direct segments [46] and redundant memory mappings [184] reduce address translation overheads by mapping large contiguous virtual memory to contiguous physical address space which reduces address translation overheads by increasing the reach of TLB entries.

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2,595

…substantial evidence for an evolutionarily conserved function for the yeast and mammalian retromer complexes in regulating retrieval of TGN resident cargo from endosomes (Horazdovsky et al., 1997; Seaman et al., 1997; Seaman et al., 1998; Arighi et al., 2004; Seaman, 2004; Carlton et al., 2004).

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2,596

Patients Adults expected to be on mechanical ventilation for C3 days were included if they had a clinical diagnosis of Gram-negative hospital-acquired pneumonia (diagnosed C48 h after hospital admission), VAP (diagnosed [48 h after intubation), or HCAP (pneumonia in patients with a recent stay in an acute or long-term care facility) [10]; had a clinical pulmonary infection score (CPIS) of C6 (as defined by Fartoukh et al. [11] excluding the microbiologic criteria therein); and at least one of four risk factors for Gram-negative multidrug-resistant organisms (hospital stay of at least 5 days or an HCAP diagnosis; antibiotic use in the past 2 weeks; and history of colonization or exposure to multidrug-resistant Gram-negative pathogens) [10].

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method

2,597

We mimic the procedure used in [13]: An offline training set is used to learn an initial model and hyperparameters, then an online training set is used to evaluate incremental learning.

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method

2,598

…BG. Nestin is a forerunner to GFaP in the cytoskeleton during ontogenesis of the nervous system (hockfield and McKay 1985; Marvin et al. 1998; Kalman and ajtai 2001; Mudo et al. 2009) and in the cerebellum (Yamada and Watanabe 2002) as well. these articles described that 1 3 nestin first…

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2,599

For a detailed description of the test system, see Timmermann et al. (2008).

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background