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[ "Half hour before breakfast" ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "Best Ways to Take Probiotics. There are numerous types of probiotic supplements and foods available these days making it a difficult task to determine which the best way to take probiotics is. It is not easy to choose the right product. Following are some tips to purchase probiotics. 1 Effective in Different Forms.", "If you are taking a supplement, it is best to take it on an empty stomach when you wake up in the morning or before bed. When you first get up, take the probiotic, then get ready for the day preferably waiting at least 30 minutes before you eat breakfast.", "Align probiotic supplement has been around for a very long time and is a popular recommended choice by gastroenterologists per a 2010 survey-Wolters Kluwer. Align is a basic maintenance probiotic supplement with 1 Billion CFUs of Bifidobacterium Infantis 35624 and trademarked under the name Bifantis.", "Most of the OptiBac Probiotics range are best taken with a meal, and ideally with, or just before your breakfast. An important factor in a high quality probiotic is its ability to survive through gastric acidity.", "Align is a good product and easy to find. It is packaged so that it does not need to be refrigerated, which makes it good for traveling or bringing to the office to take mid-day, if you prefer. Studies have shown the best time to take a probiotic is on an empty stomach before eating, preferably in the morning.", "What is Align? Align is a probiotic supplement that provides live bacteria to benefit health, even relieving and managing symptoms of Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS). When taken daily, Align provides ongoing relief of IBS symptoms such as abdominal discomfort, gas, and bloating.", "Obviously, the use of probiotics in this fashion is primarily for the health of the mouth and sinus tissues, not just the gut. In summary, when consuming a probiotic to improve gut health, it is best to take it after a meal.", "Best Time to Take Probiotics. Nowadays, various dietary supplements are also available that contain probiotics. Probiotics are usually given to treat problems of digestive upset and according to recent research and studies it is confirmed that taking probiotic foods and supplements may relieve digestive ailments.", "If you’re not familiar with probiotics, probiotics are cultures of “good bacteria”. Your gut contains a combination of both good and bad bacteria. Probiotics help ensure a good balance of intestinal flora. When we use the word probiotic, most of the time it’s referring to a supplement." ], "url": [ "http://www.med-health.net/Best-Time-To-Take-Probiotics.html", "http://www.healthextremist.com/getting-the-most-out-of-your-probiotic-learn-how-to-take-probiotics/", "http://www.bestprobioticreviews.com/probiotic-reviews/align-probiotic.html", "http://www.optibacprobiotics.co.uk/faq/at-what-time-should-i-take-probiotics", "http://nutritionfacts.org/video/should-probiotics-be-taken-before-during-or-after-meals/", "http://aligngi.ca/align-FAQ", "http://www.thehealthyhomeeconomist.com/how-to-take-probiotics/", "http://www.med-health.net/Best-Time-To-Take-Probiotics.html", "http://www.healthextremist.com/getting-the-most-out-of-your-probiotic-learn-how-to-take-probiotics/" ] }

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[ "A small-bowel obstruction (SBO) is caused by a variety of pathologic processes. " ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "The most common causes are adhesions followed by tumors and hernias. Other causes include strictures, intussuseption, volvulus, Chrohn's disease, and gallstones. Obstruction is classified as small bowel obstruction (SBO) or large bowel obstruction (LBO) based on the level of obstruction.", "Strangulation occurs in nearly 10 to 20% of people with small-intestinal obstruction. Usually, strangulation results when part of the intestine becomes trapped in an abnormal opening (strangulated hernia), volvulus, or intussusception. Gangrene can develop in as few as 6 hours.", "A small-bowel obstruction (SBO) is caused by a variety of pathologic processes. The leading cause of SBO in industrialized countries is postoperative adhesions (60%), followed by malignancy, Crohn disease, and hernias. See the image below.", "There are a variety of causes of intestinal obstruction: 1 strangulated hernia-part of your small intestine protrudes through your abdominal wall. 2 inflammatory disease like Crohn’s disease-swelling and scar tissue causes a narrowing of your intestine. 3 adhesions-scar tissue from a previous abdominal surgery.", "Tumors, scar tissue (adhesions), or twisting or narrowing of the intestines can cause a bowel obstruction. These are called mechanical obstructions. In the small intestine, scar tissue is most often the cause.", "A history of prior abdominal surgery is important to ascertain because adhesions are the most common cause of small bowel obstruction. Also important is a history gastrointestinal disorders such as Crohn's disease.", "Intestinal obstruction occurs when there is a blockage of your small or large intestine. The blockage prevents the passage of fluid or digested food. The blockage may be partial or total. There are many potential causes of intestinal obstruction. In many cases, this condition can’t be prevented.", "A strangulated obstruction is a surgical emergency. In patients with a complete small-bowel obstruction (SBO), the risk of strangulation is high and early surgical intervention is warranted. Laparoscopy has been shown to be safe and effective in selected cases of SBO.", "The most common causes of obstruction are adhesions, hernias, and tumors; a small-bowel obstruction in the absence of prior surgery or hernias is often caused by a tumor. Vomiting and third spacing of fluid cause volume depletion." ], "url": [ "http://cdemcurriculum.org/ssm/gi/sbo/sbo.php", "http://www.merckmanuals.com/home/digestive-disorders/gastrointestinal-emergencies/intestinal-obstruction", "http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/774140-overview", "http://www.healthline.com/health/intestinal-obstruction", "http://www.webmd.com/digestive-disorders/tc/bowel-obstruction-topic-overview", "http://cdemcurriculum.org/ssm/gi/sbo/sbo.php", "http://www.healthline.com/health/intestinal-obstruction", "http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/774140-overview", "http://www.merckmanuals.com/professional/gastrointestinal-disorders/acute-abdomen-and-surgical-gastroenterology/intestinal-obstruction" ] }

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[ "Plants, animals, fungi, protist and bacteria " ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1 ], "passage_text": [ "Abiotic factors vary in the environment and determining the types and numbers of organisms that exist in that environment. Factors which determine the types and numbers of organisms of a species in an ecosystem are called limiting factors. Many limiting factors restrict the growth of populations in nature.", "Biotic factors within a community can affect the populations of organisms but are also essential to the balance of life within the ecosystem. Examples of Biotic Factors: 1. Competition for food is an example of a biotic factor in an ecosystem. A red squirrel and a grey squirrel living in the same habitat will compete for the same food source. 2.", "Abiotic factors, such as temperature, soil and light, can also influence an organisms success in an area. The tolerance range of an organism are the abiotic conditions in which an organism can survive. At both the high and low ends of the tolerance range an organism is stressed.", "Biotic factors like organisms of other species living in the same area affect the population, as they involve in different types of food relationships. Different populations have different ability to tolerate changes in weather, physico-chemical and biotic factors. This is called resilence.", "Other conditions may lead to a species’ decline or even extinction. Both abiotic and biotic factors determine where a species can live. A limiting factor is any factor that places an upper limit on the size of a population.", "Biotic Factors Examples. Biotic Factors. Biotic factors affect populations of organisms. This is a term that is used in the study of ecology. The word root bio- means life, therefore a biotic factor is any activity of a living organism that affects another living organism within its environment.", "Answers: Biotic Factors Biotic, meaning of or related to life, are living factors. Plants, animals, fungi, protist and bacteria are all biotic or living factors. Abiotic Factors Abiotic, meaning not alive, are nonliving factors that affect living organisms." ], "url": [ "http://regentsprep.org/Regents/biology/units/ecology/biotic.cfm", "http://www.softschools.com/examples/science/biotic_factors_examples/33/", "http://schoolworkhelper.net/biotic-and-abiotic-factors-influence-on-ecosystems/", "http://www.tutorvista.com/content/biology/biology-iv/biotic-community/factors-affecting-population.php", "http://rochels.weebly.com/uploads/1/0/7/6/10768381/chapter_2.7.pdf", "http://www.softschools.com/examples/science/biotic_factors_examples/33/", "http://www.edurite.com/kbase/abiotic-and-biotic-factors-can-affect-the-change-in-population-size" ] }

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[ "In vast majority of cases, quartzite is a metamorphosed sandstone. The transition from sandstone to quartzite is gradational. There is little mineralogical change.Quartz, the main constituent of sandstone, is not altered to other minerals but it is recrystallized during the metamorphism." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "Quartzite is a nonfoliated metamorphic rock composed almost entirely of quartz. It forms when a quartz-rich sandstone, is altered by the heat, pressure, and chemical activity of metamorphism. These conditions recrystallize the sand grains and the silica cement that binds them together. ", "Quartzite is a tough stone composed mostly of quartz. It may be derived from sandstone or from chert by regional metamorphism. (more below). Quartzite forms in two different ways. In the first way, under the pressures and temperatures of deep burial, sandstone or chert recrystallizes resulting in a metamorphic rock.", "1 Quartzite falls into the classification of a metamorphic rock. 2 Its original material, sandstone in this case, has been altered by pressure and heat that transforms it into quartzite. 3 Buried deep inside the earth the sandstone adapts to the change in conditions by altering its texture and composition. 1 Its original material, sandstone in this case, has been altered by pressure and heat that transforms it into quartzite. 2", "Quartzite. Images: Background: Quartzite is a nonfoliated metamorphic rock that formed by the metamorphism of pure quartz sandstone. The intense heat and pressure of metamorphism causes the quartz grains to compact and become tightly intergrown with each other, resulting in very hard and dense quartzite. ", "Metamorphic rock can be formed from virtually any parent rock (protolith) that has been subjected to heat and/or pressure, modifying its texture or mineral composition. Quartz sandstone, when metamorphosed, becomes the metamorphic rock 'quartzite'. 1 person found this useful. Answered. ", "Metamorphic rock can be formed from virtually any parent rock (protolith) that has been subjected to heat and/or pressure, modifying its texture or mineral composition. Quartz sandstone, when metamorphosed, becomes the metamorphic rock 'quartzite'. 1 person found this useful. Quartz is a mineral composed of Silicon Dioxide (SiO2). It can therefore be formed as an igneous rock by itself (rarely) and is part of many sedimentary rocks such as sandst … one. Quartz sandstone can also be metamorphosed into quartzite. Quartz can be found as part of any rock or by itself as a sediments.", "Quartzite. Quartzite is a metamorphic rock consisting largely or entirely of quartz. In vast majority of cases, quartzite is a metamorphosed sandstone. The transition from sandstone to quartzite is gradational. There is little mineralogical change. Quartz, the main constituent of sandstone, is not altered to other minerals but it is recrystallized during the metamorphism. This small sample of Jotnian quartzite from Finland is either strongly cemented sandstone or weakly metamorphosed quartzite. It is old (1.4 Ga) and a part of crystalline basement. Hence, it is usually considered to be a metamorphic rock. Width of the sample is 4 cm.", "Metamorphic rocks arise from the transformation of existing rock types, in a process called metamorphism, which means change in form. The original rock (protolith) is subjected to heat (temperatures greater than 150 to 200 °C) and pressure (1500 bars), causing profound physical and/or chemical change. The protolith may be a sedimentary rock, an igneous rock or another older metamorphic rock. Other minerals, such as olivines, pyroxenes, amphiboles, micas, feldspars, and quartz, may be found in metamorphic rocks, but are not necessarily the result of the process of metamorphism. These minerals formed during the crystallization of igneous rocks.", "1 Quartzite is formed through two types of metamorphism: contact and Barrovian. 2 It can be formed by one of the processes or the other but it can also be formed by the combination of the two. 3 Barrovian metamorphism happens during large earth events that create mountains and move sedimentary rock in a big way. 1 Its original material, sandstone in this case, has been altered by pressure and heat that transforms it into quartzite. 2 Buried deep inside the earth the sandstone adapts to the change in conditions by altering its texture and composition." ], "url": [ "http://geology.com/rocks/quartzite.shtml", "http://geology.about.com/od/rocks/ig/metrockindex/rocpicquartzite.htm", "http://www.sawtoothstoneidaho.com/how-is-quartzite-made/", "http://www.mineralseducationcoalition.org/minerals/quartzite", "http://www.answers.com/Q/What_rock_is_formed_by_metamorphism_of_a_sandstone", "http://www.answers.com/Q/What_rock_is_formed_when_Quartz_sandstone_is_transformed_to_metamorphic_rock", "http://www.sandatlas.org/quartzite/", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metamorphic_rock", "http://www.sawtoothstoneidaho.com/how-is-quartzite-made/" ] }

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[ "A nontheistic religion or philosophy that encompasses a variety of traditions, beliefs and spiritual practices largely based on teachings attributed to Gautama Buddha, commonly known as the Buddha (the awakened one)." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "What exactly constituted the Buddha's awakening is unknown. It may probably have involved the knowledge that liberation was attained by the combination of mindfulness and dhyāna, applied to the understanding of the arising and ceasing of craving. In the western world the concept of (spiritual) enlightenment has taken on a romantic meaning.", "The two crucial aspects of the Buddha's Awakening are the what and the how: what he awakened to and how he did it. His awakening is special in that the two aspects come together. He awakened to the fact that there is an undying happiness, and that it can be attained through human effort. In other words, he gained liberating knowledge through qualities that we can all develop: heedfulness, ardency, resolution. If we are willing to face the implications of this fact, we realize that the Buddha's Awakening is a challenge to our entire set of values.", "The English term enlightenment is the western translation of the term bodhi, awakening, which has entered the Western world via the 19th century translations of Max Mueller. müller In the western world the concept of (spiritual) enlightenment has taken on a romantic meaning.", "And it is also because spiritual enlightenment and spiritual awakening are such rich and complex experiences that they are innately hard to define. Some definitions are very specific and narrow. One such definition for spiritual enlightenment is the complete dissolution of one's identity as a separate self with no trace of the egoic mind remaining. This sets the bar very high and means that very few people qualify as enlightened. As for differentiating between the words enlightenment and awakening, enlightenment implies a more finished and constant state of realization, while awakening has more of the active quality of a verb and therefore suggests a movement or shift in consciousness.", "In Theravada Buddhism, the ultimate goal is the attainment of the sublime state of Nirvana, achieved by practicing the Noble Eightfold Path (also known as the Middle Way), thus escaping what is seen as a cycle of suffering and rebirth. Vajrayana, a body of teachings attributed to Indian siddhas, may be viewed as a third branch or merely a part of Mahayana. Tibetan Buddhism, as practiced in Tibet, Bhutan, Nepal, the Himalayan region of India, Kalmykia, Mongolia and surrounding areas, preserves the Vajrayana teachings of eighth century India.", "Awakening and Nibbana. This website presents spirituality which is Buddhist and offers a proven path to awakening. Awakening, or enlightenment, is a deep inner realization, a profound new perception of life, an overturning of former values and goals. ", "Theravada has a widespread following in Sri Lanka and Southeast Asia (Thailand, Burma, Laos, Cambodia, etc.). Mahayana is found throughout East Asia (China, Korea, Japan, Vietnam, Singapore, Taiwan, etc.) and includes the traditions of Pure Land, Zen, Nichiren Buddhism, Shingon, and Tiantai (Tendai). Vajrayana, a body of teachings attributed to Indian siddhas, may be viewed as a third branch or merely a part of Mahayana. Tibetan Buddhism, as practiced in Tibet, Bhutan, Nepal, the Himalayan region of India, Kalmykia, Mongolia and surrounding areas, preserves the Vajrayana teachings of eighth century India.", "Buddhism /ˈbudɪzəm/ is a nontheistic religion or philosophy (Sanskrit: dharma; Pali: धम्म dhamma) that encompasses a variety of traditions, beliefs and spiritual practices largely based on teachings attributed to Gautama Buddha, commonly known as the Buddha (the awakened one). Vajrayana, a body of teachings attributed to Indian siddhas, may be viewed as a third branch or merely a part of Mahayana. Tibetan Buddhism, as practiced in Tibet, Bhutan, Nepal, the Himalayan region of India, Kalmykia, Mongolia and surrounding areas, preserves the Vajrayana teachings of eighth century India.", "This is not a question of choosing Asian culture over American. The Buddha's Awakening challenged many of the presuppositions of Indian culture in his day; and even in so-called Buddhist countries, the true practice of the Buddha's teachings is always counter-cultural. In other words, he gained liberating knowledge through qualities that we can all develop: heedfulness, ardency, resolution. If we are willing to face the implications of this fact, we realize that the Buddha's Awakening is a challenge to our entire set of values." ], "url": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enlightenment_in_Buddhism", "http://www.accesstoinsight.org/lib/authors/thanissaro/awakening.html", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enlightenment_in_Buddhism", "http://endless-satsang.com/spiritual-enlightenment-spiritual-awakening.htm", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buddist", "http://buddhist-spirituality.org/", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buddist", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buddist", "http://www.accesstoinsight.org/lib/authors/thanissaro/awakening.html" ] }

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[ "Stephanie Savage" ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "A new television drama series based on the book by Lily Koppel, The Astronaut Wives Club focuses on seven women who were key players behind some of the biggest events in American history.", "Lily Koppel is the critically acclaimed, New York Times bestselling author of The Astronaut Wives Club (Now an ABC Television Series Thursdays at 8|7c) and The Red Leather Diary. [An] entertaining and quirky throwback...This is truly a great snapshot of the times, says Publisher's Weekly of The Astronaut Wives Club.", "She has written for The New York Times, The New York Times Magazine, Lily Koppel is the critically acclaimed, New York Times bestselling author of The Astronaut Wives Club (Now an ABC Television Series Premiering June 18th at 8|7c) and The Red Leather Diary.", "[An] entertaining and quirky throwback...This is truly a great snapshot of the times, says Publisher's Weekly of The Astronaut Wives Club. She has written for The New York Times, The New York Times Magazine, The Daily Beast, The Huffington Post, and Glamour.", "The Astronaut Wives Club is an American period drama television series developed by Stephanie Savage for ABC. It is based on Lily Koppel 's book of the same name. The series tells the story of the wives of the Mercury Seven —America's first group of astronauts.", "The US's space race made celebrities not only of astronauts, but also their wives, who opened their homes to the press and became America's first reality stars. The story of these unknown military women is told in a new book by author Lily Koppel, as Jackie May writes. Just like their husbands, the wives of the astronauts on the Mercury, Gemini and Apollo missions signed on to working towards American triumph in space.", "“What kept them grounded was a sense of humour, a deep love for their families, the country, and their long-lasting friendships. . . “ —KOPPEL. AUTHORLINK: Hi Lily, thank you for joining us for this interview, and for writing this book. The world will finally get to know the wonderful ‘Astrowives’ up close." ], "url": [ "http://abc.go.com/shows/the-astronaut-wives-club/episode-guide", "http://www.amazon.com/The-Astronaut-Wives-Club-Story/dp/145550324X", "https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/16131193-the-astronaut-wives-club", "https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/16131193-the-astronaut-wives-club", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Astronaut_Wives_Club", "http://www.abc.net.au/radionational/programs/saturdayextra/forgotten-story-of-the-astrowives/4845648", "http://authorlink.com/interview/astronauts-wives-club-by-lily-koppel-explores-real-heroes/" ] }

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[ "No" ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "Report Abuse. No. Growing taller might cause you to gain weight, but adding weight will not add height. Your height levels off when you are an adult, no matter what you weigh. For some people, growth spurts will cause their body to disperse the weight they already have, giving the appearance of a nicer body. I use nicer loosely, as beauty standards have been all but destroyed by advertisements. To summarize, gaining weight will not make you taller.", "possibly. Muscles and bone weight more than fat; thus, if one is gaining height (an expansion of muscle and bone), one should naturally gain weight. This is natural, and is nothing to worry about; growing taller can help distribute fat around your body, making you look slimmer (while gaining weight). ", "Proper nutrition, lots of sleep, and exercise can get you on your way to gaining the inches that you crave. Tagged as: grow taller, grow taller exercises, grow taller naturally, grow taller nutrition, grow taller stretches, height increase, nutrition, pilates, sleep, stretching, yoga. As you probably already know, there are several aspects to gaining height, including proper rest, stretching, nutrition, and exercises to grow taller. These five height increase exercises are proven to help you add a few inches to your height. Exercise 1: Grow Taller by doing yoga.", "These exercises has been proven to increase your HGH levels much better than any of the other exercises. Also, make sure you are lifting heavy, choose a weight that you can get for three sets of five reps. For sprinting, just do 6 set of 40 meter dashes with a two minute break between each set. The last thing you should do to increase your human growth hormone levels to help you grow taller is to drink milk. Milk has many vitamins and minerals in it that will help the body release growth hormone, this is why parents are always trying to get their children", "Lack of sleep can prevent proper growth. Get at least 7 hours of sleep per night. Drinking milk may help you get taller, but it might make you fatter. Drink one or two glasses of milk a day. Hanging onto a bar or something helps to lengthen your spine and will, in the long run, increase your height. If you eat about 300 to 400 more calories per day then you burn off, you have a weight gain of slightly less than one pound per week. You need to eat about 4000 calories per day minimum. If that does not work than slow down your exercises routine.", "We are all familiar with the idea that we can estimate height in male adults from their weight. … But not one of us believes that adding 20 pounds by eating and minimizing exercise will add an inch to our height. Second, they may be observations that do not describe what will happen when you change something. They may be no more true than the idea that gaining weight makes you taller. Here’s an example of how observation and intervention differ. Lottery winners often go bankrupt within a couple years of receiving their prize.", "Gaining weight ONLY makes you heavier...it has nothing to do with your height. Eat more, eat less...you will still be the exact height you are supposed to be. It's in your genetics. Guys are not done growing until they're 21-22, so relax and be patient. If you are meant to grow more, you have lots of time left. ", "To find out what happens to a system when you interfere with it, you have to interfere with it (and not just passively observe it). In his autobiography, The Pleasures of Statistics, Frederick Mosteller gives an amusing example of why observational studies are no substitute for doing experiments. Second, they may be observations that do not describe what will happen when you change something. They may be no more true than the idea that gaining weight makes you taller. Here’s an example of how observation and intervention differ. Lottery winners often go bankrupt within a couple years of receiving their prize.", "If you are not done growing, you will probably get taller but that height gain will not be related to weight loss. In fact, weight loss shouldn't affect growth in height UNLE … SS the weight loss is unhealthy weight loss resulting in malnutrition-in which case the result could be less growth in height. One thing to make sure of is to lift weights your body can handle and weights that are not too light or way too heavy for you. I was lifting some heavy weights. Though I still grew an inch TALLER! I was 5'8 and grew to another inch over the summer." ], "url": [ "https://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20080104212559AAEOBiO", "http://www.answers.com/Q/Do_people_gain_weight_as_they_get_taller", "http://www.growthmax.com/five-proven-exercises-that-can-help-you-grow-taller/", "http://www.howtogrowtallereffectively.com/how-to-increase-height-with-human-growth-hormone-naturally/", "https://in.answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20080713202525AAwJqNE", "http://www.johndcook.com/blog/2010/03/12/does-gaining-weight-make-you-taller/", "https://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20070530063151AARLySF", "http://www.johndcook.com/blog/2010/03/12/does-gaining-weight-make-you-taller/", "http://www.answers.com/Q/Does_losing_weight_make_you_taller" ] }

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[ "S$ 2,000 – S$ 4,000" ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "3. Some patients may require more complex procedures. For instance, a colonoscopy at Raffles Hospital that does not require polyp removal usually costs $2,021. However, a colonoscopy that requires the removal of polyps with histology may cost $3,510 or more. Most colonoscopies are performed as day cases.", "Most hospitals here carry out this procedure. With subsidies, the average bill for colonoscopy can cost between $300 and $700. Without subsidies, it is at least $1,000. The cost varies depending on the seniority of the doctor doing the procedure and if other tests are required. The Medisave withdrawal limit will be pegged at the prevailing withdrawal limit for day surgery procedures, at $950 for colonoscopy and $300 per day for associated daily hospital charges. ", "1 Flexible sigmoidoscopy, which does not require sedation and can be performed in a doctor's office in 20 minutes or less, costs about $100 to $300, with an average of $200, according to The Kentucky Cancer Consortium and the Action Plan on Colorectal Cancer for the State of Texas. 1 For patients covered by health insurance, out-of-pocket costs can range from zero to more than $1,000, depending on deductibles, copay and coinsurance amounts. 2 For example, a Medicare patient at Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center would pay $1,477, including deductibles and coinsurance.", "Overview. This is a special test using a flexible tube to look at the internal lining of the colon and rectum. It also allows biopsies to be taken. Your doctor may recommend a colonoscopy examination if you have symptoms suggesting possible problems in the colon or rectum. A colonoscope and its view of the colon. The entire procedure usually takes less than 15 minutes. There is little pain, though mild sedation is given when necessary to relieve anxiety and discomfort. Most patients can resume their regular diet later in the day.", "What should be included: Additional costs: 1 During the procedure, the patient is sedated, then the doctor uses a flexible tube with a camera and light on it -- a colonoscope -- to examine the rectum and inside the full length of the colon. 2 If anything suspicious is found, the doctor can take a sample for biopsy. 1 For patients covered by health insurance, out-of-pocket costs can range from zero to more than $1,000, depending on deductibles, copay and coinsurance amounts. 2 For example, a Medicare patient at Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center would pay $1,477, including deductibles and coinsurance.", "Twitter. SocButtons v1.4. Depending on the hospital where the procedure is performed, and on the complexity of the procedure, a colonoscopy can reasonably be expected to cost S$ 2,000 – S$ 4,000 (US$ 1,500 – US$ 2,900) in Singapore. Some patients may require more complex procedures. For instance, a colonoscopy at Raffles Hospital that does not require polyp removal usually costs $2,021. However, a colonoscopy that requires the removal of polyps with histology may cost $3,510 or more. Most colonoscopies are performed as day cases.", "1 However, it can cost significantly more -- up to about $1,500 if performed in a hospital, which would charge a facility fee. 2 The disadvantage of flexible sigmoidoscopy is that the doctor only is able to view half of the colon, and it is recommended every five years instead of every 10. 1 For patients covered by health insurance, out-of-pocket costs can range from zero to more than $1,000, depending on deductibles, copay and coinsurance amounts. 2 For example, a Medicare patient at Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center would pay $1,477, including deductibles and coinsurance.", "A colonoscopy is a screening test for colon cancer. It is recommended that people of average risk get a colonoscopy or other type of screening every 10 years starting at age 50. People at high risk should begin screening earlier, and sometimes more often, according to the American Cancer Society. 1 For patients covered by health insurance, out-of-pocket costs can range from zero to more than $1,000, depending on deductibles, copay and coinsurance amounts. 2 For example, a Medicare patient at Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center would pay $1,477, including deductibles and coinsurance.", "This is a special test using a flexible tube to look at the internal lining of the colon and rectum. It also allows biopsies to be taken. Your doctor may recommend a colonoscopy examination if you have symptoms suggesting possible problems in the colon or rectum. The colonoscope is inserted through the anus and advanced to the portion of the colon where the small intestine enters. Your doctor will remove any polyps or take biopsies if necessary. A colonoscope and its view of the colon. The entire procedure usually takes less than 15 minutes.", "About Colonoscopy. This information is intended for general information only and should not be considered as medical advice on the part of Health-Tourism.com. Any decision on medical treatments, after-care or recovery should be done solely upon proper consultation and advice of a qualified physician. The colonoscope transmits images of the colon as it bends and moves around the curves of the colon. The patient may be required to change positions so that the doctor can move the colonoscope. Air is also blown into the colon to expand the colon, which helps the doctor to see and examine clearly." ], "url": [ "http://ulinkassist.com/2015/83-how-much-does-a-colonoscopy-normally-cost-in-singapore", "http://www.healthxchange.com.sg/News/Pages/Guide-to-Colonoscopy.aspx", "http://health.costhelper.com/colonoscopy.html", "https://www.singhealth.com.sg/PatientCare/ConditionsAndTreatments/Pages/Colonoscopy.aspx", "http://health.costhelper.com/colonoscopy.html", "http://ulinkassist.com/2015/83-how-much-does-a-colonoscopy-normally-cost-in-singapore", "http://health.costhelper.com/colonoscopy.html", "http://health.costhelper.com/colonoscopy.html", "http://www.sgh.com.sg/Patient-Services/conditionsandtreatment/Pages/Colonoscopy.aspx", "https://www.health-tourism.com/colonoscopy/singapore/" ] }

[]

[ "They are contained within a unique silica cell wall comprising two separate valves." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "The frustule is composed almost purely of silica, made from silicic acid, and is coated with a layer of organic substance, which was referred to in the early literature on diatoms as pectin, a fiber most commonly found in cell walls of plants. This layer is actually composed of several types of polysaccharides. ", "DIATOM (Greek-cut in two) a mobile plant of microscopic single cell or colonial algae. Among the relatively simple forms of microscopic life are animals that cannot move and plants that can. One class of these mobile plants is known by the name of diatoms. ", "Morphology. Diatoms are algae with distinctive, transparent cell walls made of silicon dioxide hydrated with a small amount of water (Si02 + H20). Silica is the main component of glass and hydrated silica is very like the mineral opal, making these algae, often called algae in glass houses more like algae in opal houses. Diatoms have been placed in the division Bacilliariophyta, which is distinguished by the presence of an inorganic cell wall composed of hydrated silica. There are an estimated 20,000 to 2 million species of diatom on Earth.", "Diatoms are a major group of algae, and are among the most common types of phytoplankton. Diatoms are unicellular, although they can form colonies in the shape of filaments or ribbons (e.g. Fragilaria), fans (e.g. Meridion), zigzags (e.g. Tabellaria), or stars (e.g. Asterionella). Diatoms are a widespread group and can be found in the oceans, in freshwater, in soils and on damp surfaces. Most live pelagically in open water, although some live as surface films at the water-sediment interface (benthic), or even under damp atmospheric conditions.", "(Bacillariophyta), a division of algae comprising about 20,000 species. Diatoms are microscopic (0.75-1500 microns), unicellular, and solitary or colonial algae. Among the colonial forms are species that live in slimy pipes, forming brown clusters that reach 20 cm in height. Diatom cells have hard siliceous shells (frustules) consisting of two overlapping halves or valves. ", "The cell wall is called a frustule and consists of two halves called valves. Since silica is impervious, diatoms have evolved elaborate patterns of perforations in their valves to allow nutrient and waste exchange with the environment. Diatoms have been placed in the division Bacilliariophyta, which is distinguished by the presence of an inorganic cell wall composed of hydrated silica. There are an estimated 20,000 to 2 million species of diatom on Earth.", "diatom. n. 1. (Microbiology) any microscopic unicellular alga of the phylum Bacillariophyta, occurring in marine or fresh water singly or in colonies, each cell having a cell wall made of two halves and impregnated with silica. diatom-microscopic unicellular marine or freshwater colonial alga having cell walls impregnated with silica. phytoplankton-photosynthetic or plant constituent of plankton; mainly unicellular algae. alga, algae-primitive chlorophyll-containing mainly aquatic eukaryotic organisms lacking true stems and roots and leaves.", "Diatom cells are contained within a unique silica cell wall comprising two separate valves (or shells). The biogenic silica that the cell wall is composed of is synthesised intracellularly by the polymerisation of silicic acid monomers. This material is then extruded to the cell exterior and added to the wall. Diatoms are a widespread group and can be found in the oceans, in freshwater, in soils and on damp surfaces. Most live pelagically in open water, although some live as surface films at the water-sediment interface (benthic), or even under damp atmospheric conditions.", "Similar to many other algae, they can live as unicellular organisms, colonial, or filamentous. Unlike most algae, though, they have a solid shells made of silica. Because of such shells, diatoms have major economic importance in industry while also having a major role in biological and chemical processes. Almost all of the extant and extinct species of Bacillariophyta are aquatic. All diatom skeletons are made of silica and consist of two parts or frustules that fit inside each other like a petri dish: the epitheca and the hypotheca (Alexopoulos, 1967). The hypotheca is smaller and fits inside the larger epitheca.", "A unique feature of diatom cells is that they are enclosed within a cell wall made of silica (hydrated silicon dioxide) called a frustule. These frustules show a wide diversity in form, but are usually almost bilaterally symmetrical, hence the group name. Diatoms are a widespread group and can be found in the oceans, in freshwater, in soils and on damp surfaces. Most live pelagically in open water, although some live as surface films at the water-sediment interface (benthic), or even under damp atmospheric conditions." ], "url": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frustule", "http://www.diatomfilter.com/faq/diatom.htm", "http://westerndiatoms.colorado.edu/about/what_are_diatoms", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diatom", "http://encyclopedia2.thefreedictionary.com/Diatoms", "http://westerndiatoms.colorado.edu/about/what_are_diatoms", "http://www.thefreedictionary.com/diatom", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diatom", "http://academics.smcvt.edu/dfacey/AquaticBiology/Freshwater%20Pages/Diatoms.html", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diatom" ] }

[]

[ "Yes" ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "While you may have some chin implant settling into the bone as evidenced on an x-ray, it is not a problem in my opinion. You have no symptoms and you are satisfied with your existing chin projection. Surgery to replace your chin implant seems to be an overreaction to a non-problem. Dr. Barry Eppley. A: Medpor chin implants have a uniquely porous material of which they are composed. One of the purported benefits to its material is that it will cause less bone erosion underneath when it is placed in the chin area. The phenomenon of the implant settling into the chin bone is known as pressure resorption.", "Answer: All breast implants do not eventually need to be replaced. I think we were careless in the 80s when we told people that they would all last forever. Just like any foreign material nothing probably lasts forever, but as long as you're not having problems with your implant, and you're happy with the cosmetic result, then it doesn't necessarily need to be replaced.", "You can undergo chin implant surgery by itself, or in combination with other facial surgery procedures such as facelift surgery, blepharoplasty, lip lift, cheek implants or a jaw implant. It can be done in the doctor's office or an outpatient surgery center. If you had just the chin implant, you should feel fine the day of the surgery, although your surgeon will probably advise you to take it easy. You may have mild soreness in the chin area and some swelling. The chin area may feel tight due to the increased volume provided by the implant, and the body's swelling response.", "Q: I have a medpor chin implant as part of some cosmetic surgery 4 years ago. The implant is eroding the bone and my oral surgeon says it must come out. He doesn’t want to replace it. I am in no pain and I like the way I look. A: Medpor chin implants have a uniquely porous material of which they are composed. One of the purported benefits to its material is that it will cause less bone erosion underneath when it is placed in the chin area. The phenomenon of the implant settling into the chin bone is known as pressure resorption.", "As with any medical procedure, there are risks, including infection around the implant or reactions to anesthesia. If infection does occur, and if it cannot be resolved with antibiotics, the implant may have to be removed and replaced at a later time. Sometimes a chin implant is not properly aligned. ", "Chin implants can benefit men and women alike; however, not all men and women are candidates for this plastic surgery procedure. For chin implant surgery to be successful, your jaw and teeth must function properly. If your chin is mildly weak and your jaw and teeth are functioning well, chin implants may be an ideal way to achieve the look you want. If you had just the chin implant, you should feel fine the day of the surgery, although your surgeon will probably advise you to take it easy. You may have mild soreness in the chin area and some swelling. The chin area may feel tight due to the increased volume provided by the implant, and the body's swelling response.", "Dr Siegel prefers the use of silicone implants. They are safe and easy to position. They also have an excellent track record for safety and a very low risk of complications. As opposed to silicone breast implants, chin implants do not need to be replaced and stay in place for life. The implant may be placed either through a mouth approach, or an under the chin approach. The procedure takes Dr Siegel about 20 min. to perform and recovery is short, as there is minimal bruising and swelling.", "If all you have is a hammer,or chin implant, the whole world is a nails, or chins needing a chin implants.” Dr. Maercks feels that there are good indications for placing chin implants, but they are relatively rare. Dr. Maercks with one of his many craniofacial patients. Miami, FL (PRWEB) October 15, 2012. If all you have is a hammer,or chin implant, the whole world is a nail, or chins needing a chin implants.” Dr. Maercks feels that there are good indications for placing chin implants, but they are relatively rare in patients needing adjustment of the lower third of their face.", "The breast implant foes not need to rupture to be replaced. If the implant only came with a 10 year warrantee, then chances are you will want to replace it before the warrantee is up, this way you can save yourself the money of having to replace it should it fail a year or so later. As the implant gets older the walls of the implant become weaker and will eventually fail leading to an implant rupture. This of course is just one of the many reasons why a breast implant would need replacement but it is inevitable as all breast augmentation patients will eventually have to get the implant replaced." ], "url": [ "http://www.eppleyplasticsurgery.com/do-i-need-to-replace-my-chin-implant", "http://abcnews.go.com/Health/OnCallPlusTreatment/story?id=3643864", "http://www.yourplasticsurgeryguide.com/face-lift/chin-implant.htm", "http://www.eppleyplasticsurgery.com/do-i-need-to-replace-my-chin-implant", "https://www.grottingplasticsurgery.com/procedures/chin-augmentation/", "http://www.yourplasticsurgeryguide.com/face-lift/chin-implant.htm", "http://www.houstonfaces.com/chin-surgery/chin-implant-surgery/", "http://www.prweb.com/releases/2012/10/prweb10013256.htm", "https://patientsadvantage.wordpress.com/2009/02/01/why-do-breast-implants-need-to-be-replaced/" ] }

[]

[ "No" ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "A seller can't directly require that you use their lender! The problem is that sellers can accept the offers that they choose to accept, so they may not accept your offer if you don't go through their lender.", "I can't believe that a seller can require pre-approval letters from their chosen lender only to accompany the offers. I am pre-approved by a national bank with great financials. This just seems wrong for them to require a specific lender before even looking at the offer.", "However they cannot REQUIRE a buyer to use a certain lender unless for some reason that is the ONLY lender that will consider that property. The main reason a seller will require you to get pre-approved with a certain lender is that lender has some type of relationship with the seller or the seller's agent.", "They CANNOT require you to go through a specific lender, however they can/will tie certain negotiable terms to the use of a specific preferred lender. For new construction homes it's a way for them to control the transaction and the peace of mind of knowing that their lender has approved your loan.", "Under RESPA, the seller may not require you, as a condition of the sale, to purchase title insurance from any particular title company. Generally, your lender will require title insurance from a company that is acceptable to it. In most cases you can shop for and choose a company that meets the lenders standards.", "It's also against the law. While they can require that you pre-qualify with their lender they cannot require you to use their own. Sometimes there are good reasons to use the seller's lender, mostly in new construction where they might throw in some extra perks if you do.", "(27 reviews). A seller can request that you cross qualify with their lender but they can't require you to use their lender. Often the seller is asking you to do this in order to have a sense of comfort that you have the financial means to close the sale. You are not obligated to use their lender for the loan.", "So, to answer your question, there are no requirements for you to use a specific mortgage lender or agent for that manner. That is against the law...you do have choices. However, depending on the seller, you may be required to get pre-approved through the lender of the seller's choice." ], "url": [ "http://www.zillow.com/advice-thread/Can-a-seller-require-that-you-go-through-their-lender/530901/", "http://forums.redfin.com/t5/Mortgages/Seller-requires-pre-approval-letter-from-their-lender/td-p/48605", "http://www.zillow.com/advice-thread/Can-a-seller-require-that-you-go-through-their-lender/530901/", "http://www.trulia.com/voices/Home_Buying/Why_would_a_seller_require_me_to_go_through_one_sp-283337", "http://portal.hud.gov/hudportal/HUD?src=/program_offices/housing/ramh/res/sc2sectf", "http://www.trulia.com/voices/Home_Buying/Why_would_a_seller_require_me_to_go_through_one_sp-283337", "http://www.zillow.com/advice-thread/Can-a-seller-require-that-you-go-through-their-lender/530901/", "http://www.trulia.com/voices/Home_Buying/can_a_home_buyer_be_required_to_use_a_specific_mor-395007" ] }

[]

[ "The ability to sustain an activity over a period of time." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "With the discovery of potentially habitable worlds beyond the wormhole, the Endurance was designed for an unprecedented interstellar expedition. The goal of this expedition was two-fold: 1 Travel through the wormhole and rescue several of the twelve astronauts of Lazarus Missions who found a suitable planet. ", "I am regular with my exercise and good diet…. A. Your cardio is different and has no role and connection with endurance. The more you become stronger with exercises like aerobic and anaerobic the stronger your muscles, joints and your heart. Please, no extra supplementation is required and only balanced diet. the ability to sustain an activity over a period of time. The ability to sustain a physical activity, perform repetitive submaximal contractions, or exert a force for a prolonged period. Types Aerobic endurance—the basis of all forms of endurance—anaerobic endurance, speed endurance, streng", "corrective exercise therapeutic exercise. endurance exercise any exercise that involves the use of several large groups of muscles and is thus dependent on the delivery of oxygen to the muscles by the cardiovascular system; used in both physical fitness programs and testing of cardiovascular and pulmonary function. ", "Endurance Sport Requirements. The main requirement is the ability to sustain a fast pace over a prolonged period, without sustaining undue fatigue through the build up of lactic acid. Events of greater than 800 m are mainly aerobic, with an increasing aerobic demand as duration increases. Endurance can be defined as the ability to withstand stress over prolonged periods of time. An endurance sport is therefore any sport in which there is a prolonged physical stress.", "noun. It takes endurance to run a marathon. It takes endurance to run a marathon. Endurance is defined as the act of working very hard without stopping, even in the face of difficult situations or pain. An example of endurance is what a marathon runner has to have to get through a race.", "endurance. the ability to sustain an activity over a period of time. The ability to sustain a physical activity, perform repetitive submaximal contractions, or exert a force for a prolonged period. Types Aerobic endurance—the basis of all forms of endurance—anaerobic endurance, speed endurance, strength endurance.", "Wiktionary (2.00 / 1 vote) Rate this definition: endurance (Noun). The measure of a person's stamina or persistence. He has great endurance, he ran a marathon and then rode his bicycle home. endurance (Noun). Ability to endure hardship. ", "endurance. n. 1. the capacity, state, or an instance of enduring. 2. something endured; a hardship, strain, or privation. Noun. 1. endurance-the power to withstand hardship or stress; the marathon tests a runner's endurance. strength-the property of being physically or mentally strong; fatigue sapped his strength. sufferance-patient endurance especially of pain or distress. stamina, staying power, toughness-enduring strength and energy. long-sufferance, long-suffering-patient endurance of pain or unhappiness. tolerance-the power or capacity of an organism to tolerate unfavorable environmental conditions", "Push it Real Good—The Need-to-Know. Endurance allows people to work out at a certain intensity or for an extended amount of time (hello, marathon!) . There are a number of factors that combine to create an athlete's endurance profile, and two of the most important are VO2 max and lactate threshold. " ], "url": [ "http://interstellarfilm.wikia.com/wiki/Endurance", "http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/endurance", "http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/endurance+exercise", "http://training4endurance.co.uk/physiology-of-endurance/what-is-endurance/", "http://www.yourdictionary.com/endurance", "http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/endurance", "http://www.definitions.net/definition/Endurance", "http://www.thefreedictionary.com/endurance", "http://greatist.com/fitness/whats-best-way-build-endurance" ] }

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[ "2 years." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "When traveling to the U.S. with the approved ESTA, you may only stay for up to 90 days at a time-and there should be a reasonable amount of time between visits so that the CBP Officer does not think you are trying to live here. There is no set requirement for how long you must wait between visits. If your ESTA expires while in the U.S., it will not affect your departure. Beginning September 8, 2010, there is a fee required by the Travel Promotion Act of 2009 (Section 9 of the United States Capitol Police Administrative Technical Corrections Act of 2009, Pub. L. No. 111-145). The fee is comprised of two parts:", "1 If your ESTA is denied, you will need to get a visa. 2 If you already have a visa for the US, you will not need an ESTA. 3 You must apply online for your ESTA-either directly with Homeland Security, or our partners VisaCentral. 4 More information is provided below on both these recommended options. An ESTA allows you to stay in the US under the Visa Waiver programme for up to 90 days and allows travel to Mexico, Canada and the Caribbean. An ESTA is valid for two years, (or less if your passport expires in that time)", "ESTA is not a visa. It does not meet the legal requirements to serve in lieu of a U.S. visa when a visa is required. Travelers that possess a valid U.S. visa may travel to the United States on that visa for the purpose it was issued. Travelers traveling on valid visas are not required to apply for an ESTA. In the same way that a valid visa does not guarantee admission to the United States, an approved ESTA is not a guarantee of admission to the United States. ESTA became mandatory January 12, 2009. If your ESTA expires while in the U.S., it will not affect your departure. Beginning September 8, 2010, there is a fee required by the Travel Promotion Act of 2009 (Section 9 of the United States Capitol Police Administrative Technical Corrections Act of 2009, Pub. L. No. 111-145). The fee is comprised of two parts:", "1 Authorization charge -- If your application is approved and you receive authorization to travel to the United States under the Visa Waiver Program, an additional US $10.00 will be charged to your credit card. 2 If your electronic travel authorization is denied, you are only charged for the processing of your application. If your ESTA expires while in the U.S., it will not affect your departure. Beginning September 8, 2010, there is a fee required by the Travel Promotion Act of 2009 (Section 9 of the United States Capitol Police Administrative Technical Corrections Act of 2009, Pub. L. No. 111-145).", "Travelers traveling on valid visas are not required to apply for an ESTA. In the same way that a valid visa does not guarantee admission to the United States, an approved ESTA is not a guarantee of admission to the United States. ESTA became mandatory January 12, 2009. If your ESTA expires while in the U.S., it will not affect your departure. Beginning September 8, 2010, there is a fee required by the Travel Promotion Act of 2009 (Section 9 of the United States Capitol Police Administrative Technical Corrections Act of 2009, Pub. L. No. 111-145).", "An ESTA authorization is valid for two years, pre-approving you for any trips of 90 days or less to the US during that time. ESTA is only valid for the specific passport it was issued for, which means you do have to reapply if your passport is lost, stolen, or expires within this two-year period. If your ESTA application is denied after being submitted to the electronic system for travel authorization, it is our suggestion that you apply for a non-immigrant B-2 visitor visa at a U.S. embassy or consulate.", "1 The fee is US $4.00. 2 Authorization charge -- If your application is approved and you receive authorization to travel to the United States under the Visa Waiver Program, an additional US $10.00 will be charged to your credit card. If your ESTA expires while in the U.S., it will not affect your departure. Beginning September 8, 2010, there is a fee required by the Travel Promotion Act of 2009 (Section 9 of the United States Capitol Police Administrative Technical Corrections Act of 2009, Pub. L. No. 111-145).", "You need to apply for an ESTA if you are traveling to the US under the VWP to either: 1) Transit through the US, or 2) stay for up to 90 days as a tourist or for business that does not require a visa. You can see a list of countries eligible for the VWP below. If your ESTA application is denied after being submitted to the electronic system for travel authorization, it is our suggestion that you apply for a non-immigrant B-2 visitor visa at a U.S. embassy or consulate." ], "url": [ "https://help.cbp.gov/app/answers/detail/a_id/1072/~/about-the-electronic-system-for-travel-authorization-%28esta%29", "http://www.virgin-atlantic.com/gb/en/travel-information/getting-into-the-country/us-visa.html", "https://help.cbp.gov/app/answers/detail/a_id/1072/~/about-the-electronic-system-for-travel-authorization-%28esta%29", "https://esta.cbp.dhs.gov/", "https://esta.cbp.dhs.gov/", "https://www.usavisaonline.com/", "https://esta.cbp.dhs.gov/", "https://www.usavisaonline.com/" ] }

[]

[ "Between 2 and 6 months after the injury." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1 ], "passage_text": [ "A useful rule of thumb is that the time taken for the bone to regain full strength is usually the same as the time it takes for the fracture to heal. That is, if you’ve been in plaster for six weeks, it will take six weeks to regain full strength. It's important not to get a plaster cast wet. It typically takes about six to eight weeks to heal in adults, and less time in children. Doctors refer to all breaks or cracks in bones as fractures. Go to your nearest accident and emergency (A&E) department if you think you or your child has broken a bone.", "Dalia Mosseri. It takes about 6-8 weeks to heal, depending on the type of injury sustained. (Keep the finger as still as you can !!!!) When broken place the hand in ice cold water for … about 5 min.s then take it and wrap the whole hand in a soft wrap (anything that is a soft colth) . ", "Introduction. A broken arm or wrist is usually caused by a fall onto an outstretched arm. It typically takes about six to eight weeks to heal in adults, and less time in children. Doctors refer to all breaks or cracks in bones as fractures. Go to your nearest accident and emergency (A&E) department if you think you or your child has broken a bone.", "A broken arm not only causes extreme pain, but it also keeps a person from using his arm for weeks and sometimes months at a time. Generally, the amount of recovery time depends on the severity of the break, the site of the break and how well the patient follows a physician's orders for treatment. ", "For most adult dogs or cats, broken bone healing time is 8 to 12 weeks. In puppies or kittens, broken bone healing time is 6 to 9 weeks. Complicated fractures can take as much as 16 weeks. Delayed Union and Non-Union Fractures. ", "The length of time it will take to heal will depend on the type of fracture, whether it's damaged the surrounding tissues, and the person's age. For example, a young child who's cracked their wrist will need to wear a cast or removable splint for just two to three weeks. It typically takes about six to eight weeks to heal in adults, and less time in children. Doctors refer to all breaks or cracks in bones as fractures. Go to your nearest accident and emergency (A&E) department if you think you or your child has broken a bone.", "· just now. Report Abuse. It takes a good 6-8 weeks for a break to heal properly. A compound fracture, spiral fracture or complete break would take closer to 8 weeks. A greenstick fracture could heal in as little as 4-6. Report Abuse. Most broken bones begin to heal within 48 hours however depending on the type and severity of the break it could take anywhere from 4 to 8 weeks to completely heal.", "The length of time taken for healing depends on where the fracture is and how severe the break is. For example, a simple buckle fracture will need a plaster cast for 2 to 3 weeks and be almost completely healed in 4 weeks. Children heal in about half the time it takes an adult to heal from a similar injury.", "In about 5 percent of patients, the bone does not heal after treatment; this is known as a non-healing fracture. These patients may require bone graft surgery to heal the fracture properly. After the six weeks it takes for the bone to heal, there is still an adjustment period. Most patients can resume strenuous physical activities, such as contact sports and skiing, between three and six months after the injury." ], "url": [ "http://www.nhs.uk/conditions/broken-arm/Pages/Introduction.aspx", "http://www.answers.com/Q/How_long_does_it_take_for_a_broken_arm_to_heal", "http://www.nhs.uk/conditions/broken-arm/Pages/Introduction.aspx", "http://www.ehow.com/how-does_5165057_long-heal-broken-arm.html", "http://pointseastwest.com/how-long-does-it-take-for-a-broken-bone-to-heal/", "http://www.nhs.uk/conditions/broken-arm/Pages/Introduction.aspx", "https://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20070520105941AAwrbSo", "http://www.kidshealth.org.nz/fracture-broken-bone", "http://thefreeresource.com/how-long-does-it-take-for-a-broken-ulna-and-radius-bone-to-heal/" ] }

[]

[ "15 to 20 minutes." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "Once your steak is ready to cook, set it aside. Adjust your oven rack so that the top of the steak will be about 4 inches (10cm) from the broiler heating element. Then turn the oven on to broil and preheat at 350f.", "1 Bring your 1 to 2 inch steaks to room temperature and use a clean cloth to remove excess moisture. 2 Move oven rack 6 inches from heating element. 3 Pre-heat oven and skillet by setting the oven to broiler for 15 to 20 minutes. 4 Rub steaks with olive oil, kosher salt and coarsely ground pepper.", "Place the pan on the top rack, under the broiler. Let the steak broil for four minutes and then carefully flip it to the other side for another four minutes. If you're using a grill pan with raised ridges make sure you don't wiggle the steak around in the pan. You'll mess up the grill marks. After the steaks have broiled on each side, pull the pan out of", "1. Broil your steak. Place your steak into the oven on the rack closest to the broiler. Cooking times will vary greatly based on the cut of steak, cooking altitude, type of oven you're using, and how hot the broiler runs; cooking times can range from 3 to 18 minutes.", "Set your oven to the broil setting. Use a broiler pan -- the kind with a grid where the fat from the meat can drain and won't smoke. Cover the bottom of the broiler pan (not the grid) with tin foil for less mess. Don't crowd. Give each steak its own space for even cooking and so you can easily flip it when it's time.", "1 Close oven and sear the steaks for 3 minutes on one side, turn and sear the opposite side for 3 minutes. 2 DO NOT USE A FORK TO TURN STEAKS! 3 Once seared, set the oven to 500F and cook using this Time Chart." ], "url": [ "http://www.wikihow.com/Broil-Steak", "http://www.food.com/recipe/broil-a-perfect-steak-165254", "http://www.thekitchn.com/how-to-broil-a-steak-in-the-ov-42896", "http://www.wikihow.com/Broil-Steak", "http://www.tablespoon.com/posts/how-to-broil-steaks/11da1c53-2766-48df-952e-732af6c7d301", "http://www.food.com/recipe/broil-a-perfect-steak-165254" ] }

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{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "Information Technology (IT) Director Salary. (United States). Average pay for Information Technology Directors in the United States is more than reasonable, with annual salaries pushing past the six-figure mark ($104K). Median of all compensation (including tips, bonus, and overtime) by years of experience. Experience seems to be a major factor in determining the incomes of Information Technology Directors. Relatively untried employees who have less than five years' experience have a median salary of $70K. Those who have been around for five to 10 years can expect to take home more — $86K on average", "For administrators in a medical practice with six or fewer doctors, the median salary was $86,459. For those with 7-25 doctors, it was $115,000, and for practices with 26+ doctors, the median salary was $150,726. Top MBA Healthcare Management Careers and Salaries. Because of the high level of demand for expert healthcare managers with an MBA, this speciality offers strong career growth and good salaries. In fact, the Bureau of Labor Statistics reports that the demand for medical and health services managers will increase by 22% by 2020. BLS also reports that the median salary in the field generally is $84,270. The top 10%, almost always with at least a master’s degree, earn more than $144,000", "1 Second on the list: The Baltimore/Washington D.C. area, where the average IT salary is $97,895, a year over year increase of 3.8 percent. 2 San Diego boasts the third highest-paid IT professionals in the United States at $97,328, thanks to a 13.4 percent bump over last year. In general, IT professionals enjoyed a 5 percent pay increase over the past year, up from $81,327 in 2011 to $85,619. Average bonuses were down a smidge, dipping from $8,769 to $8,636, but slightly more tech professionals -- 33 percent vs. 32 percent -- received the extra payout in 2012.", "1 Nipping at Denver's heels in ninth place is Sacramento at $90,127, 3.5 percent more than a year ago. 2 Rounding out the top 10 is Austin, where the average salary for IT professionals is $89,680, a 0.4 percent decrease compared to the previous year. 3 Interestingly, Austin managed to edge out New York City by a mere $11. In general, IT professionals enjoyed a 5 percent pay increase over the past year, up from $81,327 in 2011 to $85,619. Average bonuses were down a smidge, dipping from $8,769 to $8,636, but slightly more tech professionals -- 33 percent vs. 32 percent -- received the extra payout in 2012.", "Median salary: $84,000. Indeed.com states that the average salary for health informatics manager is $89,000: By choosing one of these growing health care management fields, you can really put your new MBA to use and make a great living. Because of the high level of demand for expert healthcare managers with an MBA, this speciality offers strong career growth and good salaries. In fact, the Bureau of Labor Statistics reports that the demand for medical and health services managers will increase by 22% by 2020. BLS also reports that the median salary in the field generally is $84,270. The top 10%, almost always with at least a master’s degree, earn more than $144,000", "Gender also appears to impact earnings in more significant ways than it should. Medical sales reps are far more likely to be men than women – 69% of respondents were male – and the average income for female medical sales professionals ($120,271) is just 79% of the average total income for males ($151, 554). The results indicate that the more medical sales professionals travel, the more money they earn. Professionals who reported traveling 75% of the time earn the highest average incomes ($163,903), with professionals traveling 50% of the time earning only slightly less ($161,042).", "IT Professional Salary. IT Professional average salary is $67,264, median salary is $63,500 with a salary range from $25,500 to $301,000. IT Professional salaries are collected from government agencies and companies. Each salary is associated with a real job position. IT Professional salary statistics is not exclusive and is for reference only. They are presented as is and updated regularly.", "1 In sixth is Houston, with an average IT salary of $94,186, a 5.5 percent jump compared to the previous year. 2 The seventh highest-paid techies reside in Los Angeles, now taking home $92,498 on average, 6.1 percent more than they did the previous year. In general, IT professionals enjoyed a 5 percent pay increase over the past year, up from $81,327 in 2011 to $85,619. Average bonuses were down a smidge, dipping from $8,769 to $8,636, but slightly more tech professionals -- 33 percent vs. 32 percent -- received the extra payout in 2012." ], "url": [ "http://www.payscale.com/research/US/Job=Information_Technology_(IT)_Director/Salary", "http://mhadegree.org/mba-healthcare-management-salary/", "http://www.infoworld.com/article/2613550/it-jobs/the-10-u-s--cities-with-the-highest-it-salaries----and-10-more-on-the-move.html", "http://www.infoworld.com/article/2613550/it-jobs/the-10-u-s--cities-with-the-highest-it-salaries----and-10-more-on-the-move.html", "http://mhadegree.org/mba-healthcare-management-salary/", "https://www.medreps.com/medical-sales-careers/medical-sales-salary-report/", "http://www.salarylist.com/jobs/IT-Professional-Salary.htm", "http://www.infoworld.com/article/2613550/it-jobs/the-10-u-s--cities-with-the-highest-it-salaries----and-10-more-on-the-move.html" ] }

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[ "Sound designer are an artist who are brought on staff during the planning stages of a film, along with the set and costume designers, and who do their own mixing." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "Sound Design for Musicals often focuses on the design and implementation of a sound reinforcement system that will fulfill the needs of the production. If a sound system is already installed in the performance venue, it is the sound designer's job to tune the system for the best use for a particular production. Sound design most commonly involves the manipulation of previously composed or recorded audio, such as sound effects and dialogue. In some instances it may also involve the composition or manipulation of audio to create a desired effect or mood.", "Exactly what that entails can vary considerably, depending on the type of show, the performers in the show and the performance venue. In practice there is no single job description that encompasses everything that the sound designer does, as they will adapt what they do to the demands of a specific production. The Sound Designer has to be a master of many different disciplines and technologies, and to have exceptional teamwork and people skills. 1 The Sound Designer may advise on how to best hear the performers, which may involve acoustic adjustments to the theatre and set, or the addition and configuration of radio and/or float mics for the performers.", "Sound design is, simply, all the sound required for a movie. This includes all of the music, dialogue and sound effects, mixed and edited, for the final cut of the movie. ", "The sound designer plans and provides the sound effects in the play, including music from existing sources. In addition, a composer may write original music for the show. All the music and/or effects in a play considered as a whole make up the soundscape.. ", "Sound Designer. The lineage of the sound designer title can be traced back to Francis Ford Coppola, who granted the title to Walter Murch for his exceptional work in the creation of original sound effects and achievements in sound manipulation for Apocalypse Now. The process begins with a thorough reading of the script, then the sound designer participates in initial design meetings with the director, editor, and production sound mixer to conceptualize the audio aesthetic of the film or show and to identify specific sound effects or qualities the director wants to capture.", "Basic Job Description: The Sound Designer is responsible for obtaining all sound effects, whether recorded or live for a specific production. He/She is also responsible for setting up the sound playback equipment and must make sure the board operator is properly trained. Sound Design is an artistic component of the production. ", "Sound designer is a illusive term with different meaning: (1) Sound designer are an artist who are brought on staff during the planning stages of a film, along with the set and costume designers, and who do their own mixing. The sound designer works with the director to shape an overall, consistent soundtrack that exploits the expressive possibilities of the sound medium. (2) Sound designer can also refer to a person brought on to create just one kind of effect. Ron Bochar was hired late in the post production of Wolf just to create the effects that accompanied Nicholson turning into a beast.", "Sound design is the process of specifying, acquiring, manipulating or generating audio elements. It is employed in a variety of disciplines including filmmaking, television production, theatre, sound recording and reproduction, live performance, sound art, post-production, radio and video game software development. Sound design most commonly involves the manipulation of previously composed or recorded audio, such as sound effects and dialogue. In some instances it may also involve the composition or manipulation of audio to create a desired effect or mood.", "Examples of Sound design-The eerie scream of an Alien, or the sound of the weapons going off in a video game. A sound designer is one who creates all the stunning sound SFX. Sound design requires both technological and artistic skills. ", "SDII (Sound Designer II, sometimes seen abbreviated as SD2) is a monophonic/stereophonic audio file format, originally developed by Digidesign for their Macintosh-based recording/editing products. It is the successor to the original monophonic Sound Designer I audio file format. " ], "url": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sound_design", "http://www.associationofsounddesigners.com/whatis", "http://www.royalty-free.tv/rftv/sound-design.htm", "http://www.aact.org/sound-designer", "http://getinmedia.com/careers/sound-designer", "http://theatre.uoregon.edu/production/sound-designer/", "http://www.filmsound.org/terminology/designer.htm", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sound_design", "http://www.audioshapers.com/blog/what-is-sound-design.html", "http://whatis.techtarget.com/definition/SD2-Sound-Designer-II-or-SDII" ] }

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[ "A muscle cell is a special kind of cell that makes up an organism's muscle tissues. The muscles allow independent movement and regulate biological functions such as digestion and heartbeat." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "The cell membrane of a muscle cell is called the sarcolemma, and this membrane, like that of neurons, maintains a membrane potential. So, impulses travel along muscle cell membranes just as they do along nerve cell membranes. However, the 'function' of impulses in muscle cells is to bring about contraction. To understand how a muscle contracts, you need to know a bit about the structure of muscle cells.", "A muscle fiber contains many myofibrils, which are cylinders of muscle proteins. These proteins allow a muscle cell to contract. Myofibrils contain two types of filaments that run along the long axis of the fiber, and these filaments are arranged in hexagonal patterns. There are thick and thin filaments.", "A muscle cell is a special kind of cell that makes up an organism's muscle tissues. The muscles allow independent movement and regulate biological functions such as digestion and heartbeat. Skeletal muscle structure. Different types of muscle tissue. An organism's muscle tissue is composed of muscle cells. Multi-unit smooth muscle cells operate independently and single-unit, or visceral, smooth muscle cells operate together as a unit. Muscle mass can be gained artificially from injections of performance-enhancing drugs and hormones", "Your cells are the energy converters for your body. Different cells have different jobs to do. Each cell has a size and shape that is suited to its job. Cells that do the same job combine together to form body tissue, such as muscle, skin, or bone tissue. Groups of different types of cells make up the organs in your body, such as your heart, liver, or lungs. ", "A myocyte (also known as a muscle cell) is the type of cell found in muscle tissue. Myocytes are long, tubular cells that develop from myoblasts to form muscles in a process known as myogenesis. There are various specialized forms of myocytes: cardiac, skeletal, and smooth muscle cells, with various properties. The striated cells of cardiac and skeletal muscles are referred to as muscle fibers.", "Answer by Shania60. Confidence votes 21. the function of a muscle cell is, by definition, to move. this can be accomplished when the cell contracts. contracting makes it denser, which is why when you feel a relaxed muscle in your arm suddenly tense up, it hardens. ", "All that any muscle can do is create contraction force. A muscle is a bundle of many cells called fibers. You can think of muscle fibers as long cylinders, and compared to other cells in your body, muscle fibers are quite big. They are from about 1 to 40 microns long and 10 to 100 microns in diameter. These proteins allow a muscle cell to contract. Myofibrils contain two types of filaments that run along the long axis of the fiber, and these filaments are arranged in hexagonal patterns. There are thick and thin filaments.", "Muscle is a soft tissue found in most animals. Muscle cells contain protein filaments of actin and myosin that slide past one another, producing a contraction that changes both the length and the shape of the cell. Muscles function to produce force and motion. Muscle tissues are derived from the mesodermal layer of embryonic germ cells in a process known as myogenesis. There are three types of muscle, skeletal or striated, cardiac, and smooth." ], "url": [ "http://people.eku.edu/ritchisong/301notes3.htm", "http://health.howstuffworks.com/human-body/systems/musculoskeletal/muscle1.htm", "http://www.wisegeek.org/what-is-a-muscle-cell.htm", "http://sciencenetlinks.com/student-teacher-sheets/cells-your-body/", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Myocyte", "http://www.answers.com/Q/What_do_muscle_cells_do", "http://health.howstuffworks.com/human-body/systems/musculoskeletal/muscle1.htm", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muscle" ] }

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[ "East Asia" ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "1 U-235 can fission in a reactor, and U-238 can't to a significant extent. 2 Natural uranium is 99.3 percent U-238 and 0.7 percent U-235. 3 Most nuclear power plants today use enriched uranium in which the concentration of U-235 is increased from 0.7 percent U-235 to (nowadays) about 4 to 5 percent U-235. 1 Most nuclear power plants today use enriched uranium in which the concentration of U-235 is increased from 0.7 percent U-235 to (nowadays) about 4 to 5 percent U-235. 2 This is done in an expensive separation plant of which there are several kinds. 3 The U-238 tails are left over for eventual use in breeder reactors.", "Of the thirty countries in which nuclear power plants operate, only France, Belgium, Hungary and Slovakia use them as the primary source of electricity, although many other countries have a significant nuclear power generation capacity. Nuclear power stations operate in 31 countries. China has 28 new reactors under construction, and there are also a considerable number of new reactors being built in South Korea, India, and Russia. At the same time, at least 100 older and smaller reactors will most probably be closed over the next 10-15 years.", "Paluel Nuclear Power Plant. The Paluel Nuclear Power Plant, located about 40km away from the city of Diepp, France, is currently the seventh largest NPP in the world, by net capacity. The plant is spread across 160ha on the water front of the English Channel and uses water from the Channel for the cooling.", "The 5,448MW (gross) Cattenom Nuclear Power Plant is located in Cattnom, France. The power plant is owned and operated by EDF. The net capacity of the plant is 5,200MW, which is similar to that of Paluel NPP, the seventh largest nuclear power plant in the world. The Paluel Nuclear Power Plant, located about 40km away from the city of Diepp, France, is currently the seventh largest NPP in the world, by net capacity. The plant is spread across 160ha on the water front of the English Channel and uses water from the Channel for the cooling.", "1 Natural uranium is 99.3 percent U-238 and 0.7 percent U-235. 2 Most nuclear power plants today use enriched uranium in which the concentration of U-235 is increased from 0.7 percent U-235 to (nowadays) about 4 to 5 percent U-235. 3 This is done in an expensive separation plant of which there are several kinds. 1 Most nuclear power plants today use enriched uranium in which the concentration of U-235 is increased from 0.7 percent U-235 to (nowadays) about 4 to 5 percent U-235. 2 This is done in an expensive separation plant of which there are several kinds. 3 The U-238 tails are left over for eventual use in breeder reactors.", "The United States may have the most generating power in the world, but as it deliberates how to make nuclear power a bigger part of the country’s energy future, Eastern Europe and Asia are racing ahead. In Pictures: The World’s Most Nuclear Nations. With 104 operating reactors, the United States produces more electricity with nuclear power than any of the 30 countries with that capability. In fact, it generates about the same amount of nuclear energy as the next largest producers, France and Japan, combined.", "Nuclear power has kept growing in recent decades despite Chernobyl and various other disasters. Between 1996 and 2009, 49 new nuclear reactors started operation and 43 reactors were retired, according to the World Nuclear Association. ", "Most of the world's biggest nuclear power plants by net capacity are in East Asia. Regular inspection and safety measures have been stepped up at the large capacity nuclear power stations following the Fukushima nuclear disaster in 2011. The Paluel Nuclear Power Plant, located about 40km away from the city of Diepp, France, is currently the seventh largest NPP in the world, by net capacity. The plant is spread across 160ha on the water front of the English Channel and uses water from the Channel for the cooling.", "Nuclear power is the use of nuclear reactions that release nuclear energy to generate heat, which most frequently is then used in steam turbines to produce electricity in a nuclear power station. The term includes nuclear fission, nuclear decay and nuclear fusion. There is a social debate about nuclear power. Proponents, such as the World Nuclear Association and Environmentalists for Nuclear Energy, contend that nuclear power is a safe, sustainable energy source that reduces carbon emissions." ], "url": [ "http://www-formal.stanford.edu/jmc/progress/nuclear-faq.html", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuclear_power_by_country", "http://www.power-technology.com/features/feature-largest-nuclear-power-plants-world/", "http://www.power-technology.com/features/feature-largest-nuclear-power-plants-world/", "http://www-formal.stanford.edu/jmc/progress/nuclear-faq.html", "http://www.forbes.com/2007/07/02/energy-electricity-nuclear-biz-cx_bw_0703green_globalnuke.html", "http://www.businessinsider.com/the-countries-with-the-most-nuclear-reactors-2011-10", "http://www.power-technology.com/features/feature-largest-nuclear-power-plants-world/", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuclear_power" ] }

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[ "Overgrowth of blood vessels, melanocytes, smooth muscle, fat, fibroblasts, or keratinocytes.", "Pigmented birthmarks are caused by the clustering of pigment cells. In some cases the skin may become stretched or deformed, especially if it is a large mark. Telangiectatic nevus are caused by dilations in the capillaries. They are patches of slightly reddened skin." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 1 ], "passage_text": [ "Types of birthmarks. There are two main types of birthmarks: Vascular birthmarks are caused by incorrectly formed blood vessels in your child’s skin. Examples include: 1 infantile hemangiomas: the most common vascular birthmark, it usually appears within one to two weeks of birth. ", "Vascular birthmarks (also called red birthmarks) are caused by increased blood vessels and include macular stains (salmon patches), hemangiomas, and Port-wine stains. A little over 1 in 10 babies have a vascular birthmark present by age 1. Several birthmark types are part of the group of skin lesions known as nevi or naevi, which means birthmarks in Latin. The exact cause of most birthmarks is unknown, but vascular birthmarks are not hereditary. They are thought to occur as a result of a localized imbalance in factors controlling the development and migration of skin cell", "Red birthmarks are also known as vascular birthmarks. They are of different types including salmon patches, port wine stains and hemangiomas. They are caused by an overgrowth of blood vessels. Port wine stains birth marks are caused by the malfunctioning of the nerves found in the blood capillaries. This makes it hard to control the constriction and dilation of the capillaries.", "Some birthmarks are from extra color (pigment) in the skin. Other birthmarks are blood vessels that are bunched together or don't grow normally. It's not clear why some children have birthmarks and others don't. 1 They may grow only on the skin, or they may extend deeper into the body. 2 Port-wine stains. 3 Port-wine stains are birthmarks that are pink-red at birth and then become a darker red-purple. 4 Port-wine stains are blood vessels that didn't grow normally. 5 They can be small, or they can cover a large area of the body.", "1 Port-wine stains are birthmarks that are pink-red at birth and then become a darker red-purple. 2 Port-wine stains are blood vessels that didn't grow normally. 3 They can be small, or they can cover a large area of the body. 1 They may grow only on the skin, or they may extend deeper into the body. 2 Port-wine stains. 3 Port-wine stains are birthmarks that are pink-red at birth and then become a darker red-purple. 4 Port-wine stains are blood vessels that didn't grow normally. 5", "A birthmark is a colored mark on or under a newborn baby's skin. Some birthmarks show up soon after a baby is born. Most birthmarks are obvious at birth. Some kinds of birthmarks fade or go away as a child gets older. Others stay the same or get bigger, darker, or thicker. There are many kinds of birthmarks. 1 They may grow only on the skin, or they may extend deeper into the body. 2 Port-wine stains. 3 Port-wine stains are birthmarks that are pink-red at birth and then become a darker red-purple. 4 Port-wine stains are blood vessels that didn't grow normally. 5 They can be small, or they can cover a large area of the body.", "Knowledge center. Birthmarks are blemishes on the skin that are noticeable at birth, or shortly afterwards. A significant proportion of newborns have a vascular birthmark-a red, pink or purple blemish that is caused by abnormal blood vessels under the skin. Some people are born with pigmented birthmarks; these are usually brown and are caused by the clustering of pigment cells. In some cases the skin may become stretched or deformed, especially if it is a large mark. Telangiectatic nevus (salmon patch, stork mark/bite) - caused by dilations (expansion) in the capillaries (tiny blood vessels). They are patches of slightly reddened skin. A salmon patch on the face is often called an angel kiss, and a stork bite/mark when it appears on the back of the neck", "Marks as a result of excessive accumulations of melanin are called pigmented birthmarks, since the great majority of them are brown to black. Other birthmarks appear lighter than the rest of the skin due to a relative lack of melanin. Some birthmarks are composed of blood vessels and are called vascular birthmarks. They are generally red, blue, or purple. Other birthmarks are composed of lymphatic tissue (cystic hygroma), breast tissue, and epidermal tissue, which are often yellow to flesh-colored. ", "They can occur anywhere on the skin. Birthmarks are caused by overgrowth of blood vessels, melanocytes, smooth muscle, fat, fibroblasts, or keratinocytes. Dermatologists divide birthmarks into two types. Pigmented birthmarks caused by excess skin pigment cells include moles, cafe-café-au lait, spots And mongolian. spots A little over 1 in 10 babies have a vascular birthmark present by age 1. Several birthmark types are part of the group of skin lesions known as nevi or naevi, which means birthmarks in Latin. The exact cause of most birthmarks is unknown, but vascular birthmarks are not hereditary." ], "url": [ "http://www.childrenshospital.org/conditions-and-treatments/conditions/birthmarks/symptoms-and-causes", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Birthmark", "http://www.beautyzion.com/birthmarks/what-causes-birthmarks-red-white-strawberry-birthmarks-on-babies/", "http://www.webmd.com/skin-problems-and-treatments/tc/birthmarks-topic-overview", "http://www.webmd.com/skin-problems-and-treatments/tc/birthmarks-topic-overview", "http://www.webmd.com/skin-problems-and-treatments/tc/birthmarks-topic-overview", "http://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/174886.php", "http://www.medicinenet.com/birthmarks_and_other_skin_pigmentation_problems/article.htm", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Birthmark" ] }

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[ "Is the internet control message protocol icmp is a complementary protocol to ip internet protocol" ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "in windows firewall the icmp settings are off by default this means that no incoming or outgoing icmp communications are allowed this protects the device against attacks such as cascading ping floods icmp also can be used for network discovery and mapping", "icmp internet control message protocol is an error reporting protocol network devices like routers use to generate error messages to the source ip address when network problems prevent delivery of ip packets", "the error message may also be about the host computer that is down or unreachable aside from error messages the icmp or internet control message protocol may also be used to send out query messages between different computers or devices that are connected to the same network", "icmp is the internet control message protocol icmp is a complementary protocol to ip internet protocol like ip icmp resides on the network layer of the osi model icmp is designed for sending control and test messages across ip networks", "the internet control message protocol icmp is one of the main protocols of the internet protocol suite it is used by network devices like routers to send error messages indicating for example that a requested service is not available or that a host or router could not be reached", "you can see all the icmp filtering options that can be used with a cisco ios acl by following the link filtering icmp inbound and outbound traffic both to your network and the internet are important but the most important of the two is to properly filter icmp inbound to protect", "definition icmp is a network protocol useful in internet protocol ip network management and administration icmp is a required element of ip implementations icmp is a control protocol meaning that it does not carry application data but rather information about the status of the network itself", "icmp exists for a reason and not all of that reason is ping it s the meta protocol that is used to communicate control messages about the network itself have a look at icmp on wikipedia to get a better idea of what it is and what it s for", "icmp stands for internet control message protocol and is one of many utilities that are part of the internet protocol suite" ], "url": [ "https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms912869(v=winembedded.5).aspx", "http://searchnetworking.techtarget.com/definition/ICMP", "http://www.qwhatis.com/what-is-icmp/", "http://www.tech-faq.com/icmp.html", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet_Control_Message_Protocol", "http://www.techrepublic.com/blog/data-center/filter-icmp-traffic-in-the-cisco-ios/", "http://compnetworking.about.com/od/tcpip/g/bldef_icmp.htm", "http://security.stackexchange.com/questions/22711/is-it-a-bad-idea-for-a-firewall-to-block-icmp", "http://www.qwhatis.com/what-is-icmp/" ] }

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[ "Yes" ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "Once you’ve decided a Roth IRA is your best retirement choice, the decision to convert comes down to your current year’s tax bill. That’s because when you move money from a pre-tax retirement account such as a traditional IRA or 401(k) to a Roth, you have to pay taxes on that income. It makes sense: if you had put money in a Roth originally, the taxes would have been due at the time you contributed. A Roth conversion is most beneficial when:", "First, if you converted an IRA to a Roth IRA last year, you can undo the deal and shore everything up with the IRS by filing an amended tax return for the 2010 tax year, said certified public accountant Robert Keebler, of Green Bay, Wis. The process of transforming a Roth back into a regular IRA is called recharacterization.. If you recharacterize and make use of your sour investments to cut your tax bill, you still will have the opportunity later to reconvert the IRA into a Roth IRA.", "One of the primary benefits of using a Roth IRA is that you don't pay income tax when you withdraw funds in retirement. Unfortunately not everyone meets IRS standards to contribute to a Roth IRA. The primary reason individuals are not allowed to contribute is because their incomes exceed the Roth IRA income limits. The IRS rules have changed and there is no longer an income cap in place. With the cap removed high income earners can now convert as long as they pay the appropriate tax on the conversion. There is no 10% early withdrawal penalty if the funds move from the Traditional IRA to the Roth IRA in a 60 day window.", "1. You might save on taxes in the long run. When you convert some or all of the money in your traditional IRA to a Roth, you have to pay income tax on the amount that year. Even so, converting could be smart if you end up in a higher marginal tax bracket in later years or if tax rates rise overall. The Bottom Line. Converting a traditional IRA into a Roth IRA can provide tax-free income and estate-planning advantages in the future. But you’ll have to pay taxes on the money now, at what could be a higher rate than you’ll owe in retirement.", "Not a problem. Converting to a Roth IRA is easier than ever. You can transfer some or all of your existing balance in a traditional IRA to a Roth IRA, regardless of income (but income-eligibility restrictions still apply to current-year contributions). That’s because when you move money from a pre-tax retirement account such as a traditional IRA or 401(k) to a Roth, you have to pay taxes on that income. It makes sense: if you had put money in a Roth originally, the taxes would have been due at the time you contributed.", "Roth IRA Conversion Taxes. When you convert from a Traditional IRA to a Roth IRA you pay income tax on the contributions. The taxable amount that is converted is added to your income taxes and your regular income rate is applied to your total income. The IRS rules have changed and there is no longer an income cap in place. With the cap removed high income earners can now convert as long as they pay the appropriate tax on the conversion. There is no 10% early withdrawal penalty if the funds move from the Traditional IRA to the Roth IRA in a 60 day window.", "You can convert your traditional IRA to a Roth IRA by: 1 Rollover – You receive a distribution from a traditional IRA and contribute it to a Roth IRA within 60 days after the distribution (the distribution check is payable to you); A conversion to a Roth IRA results in taxation of any untaxed amounts in the traditional IRA. The conversion is reported on Form 8606, Nondeductible IRAs. See Publication 590-A, Contributions to Individual Retirement Arrangements (IRAs) , for more information.", "Should you wish to convert your Roth IRA back to a Traditional IRA, the process is known as recharacterization. The deadline to recharacterize Roth IRA conversion contributions to a Traditional IRA is generally October 15 if you file your federal income tax return (or file for an extension) on time. Follow these simple steps to convert your Traditional IRA or old 401(k) to a Roth IRA. Anyone can convert their eligible IRA assets to a Roth IRA regardless of income or marital status. Prior to 2010, only those account owners who had a modified adjusted gross income below $100,000 were eligible to convert. Despite its advantages, Roth may not be the preferred option for all investors" ], "url": [ "http://www.rothira.com/how-convert-to-a-roth-ira", "http://articles.chicagotribune.com/2011-09-30/business/sc-cons-0929-marksjarvis-20110930_1_original-conversion-recharacterize-roth-iras", "http://www.rothira.com/roth-ira-conversion-rules", "http://www.investopedia.com/articles/personal-finance/040815/converting-traditional-ira-savings-roth-ira.asp", "http://www.rothira.com/how-convert-to-a-roth-ira", "http://www.rothira.com/roth-ira-conversion-rules", "https://www.irs.gov/retirement-plans/retirement-plans-faqs-regarding-iras-rollovers-and-roth-conversions", "https://www.fidelity.com/retirement-planning/learn-about-iras/convert-to-roth" ] }

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[ "Because intermediate rocks contain between 53% and 65% silica. They also contain potassium and plagioclase feldspar with a small amount of quartz." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "Intrusive igneous rocks are formed from magma that cools and solidifies within the crust of a planet, surrounded by pre-existing rock (called country rock); the magma cools slowly and, as a result, these rocks are coarse grained. The mineral grains in such rocks can generally be identified with the naked eye. Igneous rock may form with or without crystallization, either below the surface as intrusive (plutonic) rocks or on the surface as extrusive (volcanic) rocks.", "Background: The term igneous comes from the Latin ignis, meaning fire. Igneous is used to describe rocks that crystallize out of hot molten material in the Earth called magma. When magma pushes up through Earth's crust to the surface, it is called lava. Both magma and lava cool and harden to form igneous rocks.", "This is the extrusive or volcanic environment and results in extrusive or volcanic igneous rocks. Extrusive Environments. When magmas reach the surface of the Earth they erupt from a vent called a volcano. They may erupt explosively or non-explosively. Igneous Rocks are formed by crystallization from a liquid, or magma. They include two types. Magma is a mixture of liquid rock, crystals, and gas. Characterized by a wide range of chemical compositions, with high temperature, and properties of a liquid.", "On the other hand an Intrusive igneous rock cools very slowly beneath the surface and is created by magma. Since the cooling process is very slow intrusive igneous rocks have very large crystals (coarse grained). In some instances there is also a third type of igneous rock. An Igneous rock is the product of cooled solidified magma/lava. As magma/lava cools it goes through the process of crystallization which turns it into an igneous rock. The amount of time it takes for an igneous rock to form depends on its location and its composition.", "Intrusive Environments. Magma that cools at depth form bodies of rocks called intrusive bodies or plutonic bodies called plutons, from Greek god of the underworld-Pluto. When magma intrudes it usually affects the surrounding rock and is also affected by the surrounding rock. Igneous Rocks are formed by crystallization from a liquid, or magma. They include two types. Magma is a mixture of liquid rock, crystals, and gas. Characterized by a wide range of chemical compositions, with high temperature, and properties of a liquid.", "Magma is the term for liquid or melted rock and is usually quite hot. After all, the term igneous comes from the Latin word for of fire. Most people have seen pictures or video of magma that flows out of a volcano. When magma flows onto the surface of the Earth it is called lava. When the lava cools and forms a rock, that rock is an igneous rock. But there are also rocks that form from magma that does not reach the surface of the Earth. These rocks form in what are often called plutons and are also types of igneous rocks. ", "Igneous rock is formed through the cooling and solidification of magma or lava. Igneous rock may form with or without crystallization, either below the surface as intrusive (plutonic) rocks or on the surface as extrusive (volcanic) rocks. This magma can be derived from partial melts of pre-existing rocks in either a planet's mantle or crust", "Best Answer: Intermediate rocks contain between 53% and 65% silica. They also contain potassium and plagioclase feldspar with a small amount of quartz. ", "If magma makes it to the surface it will erupt and later crystallize to form an extrusive or volcanic rock. If it crystallizes before it reaches the surface it will form an igneous rock at depth called a plutonic or intrusive igneous rock. Igneous Rocks are formed by crystallization from a liquid, or magma. They include two types. Magma is a mixture of liquid rock, crystals, and gas. Characterized by a wide range of chemical compositions, with high temperature, and properties of a liquid." ], "url": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Igneous_rock", "http://web.calstatela.edu/faculty/ahamane2/psci183/psci183.activities/psci183.act2.rocks.hand.htm", "http://www.tulane.edu/~sanelson/eens1110/igneous.htm", "http://www.arch.dcr.state.nc.us/ncarch/GeoArcheo/IgneousA.htm", "http://www.tulane.edu/~sanelson/eens1110/igneous.htm", "http://www.galleries.com/rocks/igneous.htm", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Igneous_rock", "https://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20061128180842AAqDxXE", "http://www.tulane.edu/~sanelson/eens1110/igneous.htm" ] }

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[ "Birria (. [ˈbirja]. ) is a Mexican dish from the state of Jalisco. The dish is a spicy stew, traditionally made from goat meat or mutton, but occasionally from beef or chicken." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "Birria recipe or braised goat meat (Birria Jalisciense). The birria jalisciense is a traditional dish from the mexican state of Jalisco, a dish usually made with stewed goat meat, combined with some other type of meat, prepared with a special sauce with many spices and chilies cooked slowly in the oven. ", "Birria, meat and soup. Restaurants or street carts that serve birria are known as birrierias and exist through Mexico, but especially in Jalisco and its capital, Guadalajara. In Mexican culture [edit]", "User Rating. This traditional Mexican dish is often sold by street vendors in Mexico. Birria can be made with beef, veal, pork, goat or lamb making it quite versatile. Many people will use more than one type of meat, combining one, two or three kinds in one dish. Poultry is not traditionally used in this dish. ", "The Birria is served with onions, tomatoes and tortillas. Birria is very popular in Mexico and is often made and sold by street vendors. Making Birria Traditionally Birria, is made using lamb or goat and it typically very spicy. But if that kind of lamb or goat is not for you, you can try chicken or beef. Other Ingredients in Birria Birria is also made of peppers, vinegar, spices, cloves and oregano. There is no shortage of flavor. Festive Food Birria is considered a celebration food. In Mexico, Birria is served at Christmas, New Year's, Mother's Day, all of the important holidays.", "Cook. BIRRIA This recipe is from Guadalajara in the state of Jalisco, Mexico, where the broth is served with everything, even sandwiches on the street. Jalisco prides itself on being the home of this spicy chile-based broth. ", "Birria (. [ˈbirja]. ) is a Mexican dish from the state of Jalisco. The dish is a spicy stew, traditionally made from goat meat or mutton, but occasionally from beef or chicken. The dish is often served as celebratory occasions, such as weddings and baptisms, and holidays, such as Christmas and Easter. In Mexican culture [edit]. Restaurants or street carts that serve birria are known as birrierias and exist through Mexico, but especially in Jalisco and its capital, Guadalajara.", "In addition to goat meat, birria is also made with pork, beef, or lamb. Meat from the green iguana is also used in coastal areas of Jalisco. The meat is always marinated overnight using the chile paste and a mix of other spices, including cumin, oregano, and cloves. Since birria is often made with goat meat, restaurants specializing in birria will often decorate their walls with a pair of goat horns. In Jalisco, birria may be made with the meat from the green iguana.", "Birria bírria is a traditional mexican, stew with meat cooked slowly in a sauce based on blended and roasted dry, chilies served with, lime onions and fresh. Cilantro this birria recipe we will discuss here is the beef birria or birria bírria, de res here is the easy way to make it from! your home ", "Whether you use lamb or goat for a typical Birria, or substitute other meats, what you want to maintain is the stew consistency that goes inside the tortilla. Top it off with onions, tomatoes, or the toppings or your choice, and it will be delicious. Other Ingredients in Birria Birria is also made of peppers, vinegar, spices, cloves and oregano. There is no shortage of flavor. Festive Food Birria is considered a celebration food. In Mexico, Birria is served at Christmas, New Year's, Mother's Day, all of the important holidays.", "A good birria de res recipe is hard to beat. Birria is a Mexican stew and a birria de res implies that it is a beef stew. This meal is reserved for special occasions such as weddings, birthdays or New Years. It is mopped up with tortillas and garnished with limes, cilantro and onion. To make this birria de res recipe, you will need:" ], "url": [ "http://www.mexicanrecipes.me/birria.htm", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Birria", "http://mexicanfood.about.com/od/deliciousmaindishes/r/authenticbirria.htm", "http://www.mademan.com/mm/what-birria-made.html", "http://www.food.com/recipe/birria-246387", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Birria", "http://www.wisegeek.com/what-is-birria.htm", "http://www.mexicanrecipes.me/beefbirriarecipe.htm", "http://www.mademan.com/mm/what-birria-made.html", "http://www.mademan.com/mm/birria-de-res-recipe.html" ] }

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[ "Manhattan", "Manhattan location between Fifth and Sixth Avenues at West 28th Street." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "The term “Tin Pan Alley” is recognized by historians as having originated as the name for the strip of row houses running between Fifth and Sixth Avenues on 28 th Street here in NoMad. Tin Pan Alley Timeline. Some place the start of Tin Pan Alley from 1885 or 1890 and end the Tin Pan Alley era as early as 1909 (According to phone records and some facsimiles of sheet music covers, it would seem that most of the music publishers left the block by 1909.", "Tin Pan Alley is the name given to the collection of New York City-centered music publishers and songwriters who dominated the popular music of the United States in the … late 19th century and early 20th century. Tin Pan Alley was originally a specific place in New York City, West 28th Street between Fifth and Sixth Avenue. There is a plaque on the sidewalk on 28th St between Broadway and Fifth with a dedication. This block is now considered part of Manhattan's Flatiron District", "Tin Pan Alley was the name given to a collective of songwriters and music publishers who dominated popular music in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. The name came f … rom a specific Manhattan location between Fifth and Sixth Avenues at West 28th Street. A placque bearing the name remains. Tin Pan Alley was originally a specific place in New York City, West 28th Street between Fifth and Sixth Avenue. There is a plaque on the sidewalk on 28th St between Broadway and Fifth with a dedication. This block is now considered part of Manhattan's Flatiron District", "Tin Pan Alley was the nickname for a section of Manhattan, around West 28th Street between 5th and 6th avenues. It was the location of major music publishers at that time, and … the center for popular composers such as George M. Cohan, George Gershwin, Irving Berlin, Jerome Kern, etc. Tin Pan Alley was originally a specific place in New York City, West 28th Street between Fifth and Sixth Avenue. There is a plaque on the sidewalk on 28th St between Broadway and Fifth with a dedication.", "Welcome toTin Pan Alley! Located in the heart of the Village of Lewiston, is Tin Pan Alley. Renowned for our chicken wings & handcrafted burgers, Tin Pan Alley has become a Village favorite. Our products are received fresh and carefully prepared to ensure every visit is a memorable one. We offer a full bar with twelve drafts.", "The start of Tin Pan Alley is usually dated to about 1885, when a number of music publishers set up shop in the same district of Manhattan. The end of Tin Pan Alley is less clear cut. The term Tin Pan Alley is also used to describe Denmark Street in London's West End. In the 1920s the street became known as Britain's Tin Pan Alley because of its large number of music shops.", "The same buildings, 2011. Tin Pan Alley is the name given to the collection of New York City music publishers and songwriters who dominated the popular music of the United States in the late 19th century and early 20th century. The term Tin Pan Alley is also used to describe Denmark Street in London's West End. In the 1920s the street became known as Britain's Tin Pan Alley because of its large number of music shops.", "Tin Pan Alley was the name given to a collective of songwriters and music publishers who dominated popular music in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. The name came f … rom a specific Manhattan location between Fifth and Sixth Avenues at West 28th Street. Tin Pan Alley was originally a specific place in New York City, West 28th Street between Fifth and Sixth Avenue. There is a plaque on the sidewalk on 28th St between Broadway and Fifth with a dedication.", "Tin Pan Alley is the name given to the collection of New York City-centered music publishers and songwriters who dominated the popular music of the United States in the … late 19th century and early 20th century. Tin Pan Alley was originally a specific place in New York City, West 28th Street between Fifth and Sixth Avenue. There is a plaque on the sidewalk on 28th St between Broadway and Fifth with a dedication." ], "url": [ "http://experiencenomad.com/location/tin-pan-alley/", "http://www.answers.com/Q/Tin_Pan_Alley_was_located_in_which_city", "http://www.answers.com/Q/Tin_Pan_Alley_was_located_in_which_city", "http://www.answers.com/Q/Tin_Pan_Alley_was_a_centralized_location_for_what_music_industry", "http://www.thetinpanalley.net/", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tin_Pan_Alley", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tin_Pan_Alley", "http://www.answers.com/Q/Tin_Pan_Alley_was_a_centralized_location_for_what_music_industry", "http://www.answers.com/Q/Tin_Pan_Alley_was_a_centralized_location_for_what_music_industry" ] }

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[ "30% of your gross monthly income." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "Relevance. Rating Newest Oldest. Best Answer: No more than 36% of your monthly income should go towards debt payments, including your mortgage. So if you're making $75K then $27K per year should go to your loan, or $2250 per month-that's how much you could afford to pay. But if you're married then your wife or husbands earnings will usually double this then. Learn more here: http://investmentpropertiesinfo.com/what... ", "Rule of thumb: Spend a fixed percentage of your income on housing. The general recommendation is to spend about 30% of your gross monthly income (before taxes) on rent. Therefore, if you’ll be making $4,000 per month, then your rent should be $4,000 x 0.3, or about $1,200. Another way to calculate this number is to divide your annual income by 40. Tips for making your housing budget work. If you are planning to live in a very expensive area, then 30% of your income (or 43% of your income minus student loan payments) might not be enough to rent even a small apartment. Some of the most expensive areas include much of California, New York City, Boston, and Washington, DC", "How much should each of us budget from our pay checks? I believe no more than 1/4 of your paycheck should go towards rent. If you are paid I make about $4800/month and I currently pay $1180 towards rent, until my income goes up I would not pay more than $1200 for my place. Im 20 and im trying to save up and move to Atlanta..i live in new york how much money should i save a week. how much money should i have when i go. ", "Rent to Income. Landlords typically require that your annual income is at least 40 times the monthly rent. For example, if you and your roommate are looking at a $3,000 per month apartment, the landlord would require a combined income of $3,000 × 40, which equals $120,000. How Much Rent is Affordable? You might have also heard that you should spend no more than 30% of your annual income on rent. Spending 30% of your yearly income on rent is widely believed to be an affordable amount, leaving enough money for all your other expenses.", "I would limit the rent cost to 30-35% of your monthly gross income if you have to pay your own utilites-if utilities are included in the rent then you can go up to 40% of your gross monthly income. 0 votes • Thank • Flag • Link • Wed May 30, 2012. Cancel. Reply. ", "For example, suppose you earn $50,000 a year, or $4,167 a month. If 35 percent of your income goes to rent, you'll be paying about $1,458 a month. But if only 25 percent goes to rent, the monthly payment is about $1,042 -- a savings of more than $400 a month. ", "When I first moved to Manhattan in 2002, my monthly rent was a mere $500 a month-or 15% of my take-home pay. Granted, I was sharing an apartment with a married couple and living north of 100th street (far from the cool, clubby downtown scene). ", "That’s 30% of your income after taxes. Whenever you’re budgeting, I recommend looking at your net income (what you take home after taxes), because those are the dollars you actually have to plan with. Based on your starting salary, that leaves approximately $600 per month for rent. Considering that the average monthly cost of a Manhattan studio is $2,277 (according to the Manhattan rental-market report in October 2014), I know that may feel like a massive stretch. " ], "url": [ "https://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20080208085928AA2S61R", "http://www.lendkey.com/resources/how-much-of-your-income-should-you-spend-on-housing/", "http://www.myfirstapartment.com/2009/11/how-much-of-your-paycheck-should-go-towards-rent/", "http://www.nakedapartments.com/blog/rent-to-income/", "http://www.trulia.com/voices/Rental_Basics/how_much_of_my_monthly_income_should_be_spent_on_r-388902", "http://budgeting.thenest.com/percentage-income-should-rent-31823.html", "http://www.cbsnews.com/news/how-much-should-you-spend-on-rent/", "http://www.refinery29.com/spending-on-rent" ] }

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[ "Business activity monitoring and it use as technology to proactively define and analyze critical opportunities and risks in an enterprise to maximize profitability and optimize efficiency." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "A business activity can either be a business process that is orchestrated by business process management (BPM) software, or a business process that is a series of activities spanning multiple systems and applications.", "vs. Oracle BPM. Business activity monitoring (BAM), also called business activity management, is the use of technology to proactively define and analyze critical opportunities and risks in an enterprise to maximize profitability and optimize efficiency.", "An example of the use of BAM in risk management is the monitoring of credit card transactions to prevent fraud.", "BAM definitions can contain the following items: Business activities-A valid BAM definition must contain a business activity (also referred to as a BAM activity). All other items in the definition are optional. For information about adding a business activity to a definition, see How to Define a Business Activity.", "Nickname given to a fortunate individual by a group of friends, Used only to describe unique personality traits. In turn using an onomatopoeia to title someone worthy of it. Rad person with an urdge to rave til they drop. WOW Bam Bam!", "bam-Computer Definition. (B usiness A ctivity M onitoring) Software that monitors business processes and alerts managers about pending and actual problems. BAM can be implemented with independent products or be part of application integration and business process management (BPM) suites. See BPM." ], "url": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Business_activity_monitoring", "http://searchcio.techtarget.com/definition/business-activity-monitoring-BAM", "http://searchcio.techtarget.com/definition/business-activity-monitoring-BAM", "https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/aa559066.aspx", "http://www.urbandictionary.com/define.php?term=Bam+Bam", "http://www.yourdictionary.com/bam" ] }

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[ "18.9 to 33.2 per 1,000 births" ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "1 Increases in the twin birth rate averaged more than 2 percent a year from 1980 through 2004 (peaking at more than 4 percent from 1995 to 1998). 2 From 2005 to 2009, however, the pace of increase slowed to less than 1 percent annually.", "1 Over the three decades, the twin birth rate rose by 76 percent, from 18.9 to 33.2 per 1,000 births (or from 1.9 percent to 3.3 percent of all births) (Figure 1). 2 Increases in the twin birth rate averaged more than 2 percent a year from 1980 through 2004 (peaking at more than 4 percent from 1995 to 1998).", "The number of live births in twin deliveries rose 1.3 percent between 2006 and 2007 to 138,961 births. This number has more than doubled since 1980 (from 68,339). 1 137,085 twins were born in 2006. 2 The twin birth rate in 2006 was 32.2 per 1,000 births.", "Key findings. 1 In 2009, 1 in every 30 babies born in the United States was a twin, compared with 1 in every 53 babies in 1980. 2 The twin birth rate rose 76 percent from 1980 through 2009, from 18.9 to 33.3 per 1,000 births.", "The rate of twin births in the United States reached a 33.7 twin births out of every 1,000 deliveries in 2013, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention said in a report on Thursday. That was up 2 percent from 2012 and a new national high, the agency said.", "From 1980 to 2009, the twin birth rate in the United States rose 76 percent, from almost 1.9 percent to about 3.3 percent of all births, according to CDC data.", "The rate of twin births in the United States reached a 33.7 twin births out of every 1,000 deliveries in 2013, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention said in a report on Thursday. That was up 2 percent from 2012 and a new national high, the agency said.", "• The 2013 preterm birth rate was 11.39%, down 1% from 2012 and 11% from the 2006 peak. Declines in preterm rates since 2006 were reported across the United States. • The twin birth rate, which had been mostly stable for 2009–2012, rose 2% in 2013 to 33.7 per 1,000 births.", "1 In 1980, 1 in every 53 babies born in the United States was a twin, compared with 1 in every 30 births in 2009 (Figure 1). 2 Over the three decades, the twin birth rate rose by 76 percent, from 18.9 to 33.2 per 1,000 births (or from 1.9 percent to 3.3 percent of all births)" ], "url": [ "http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/databriefs/db80.htm", "http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/databriefs/db80.htm", "http://multiples.about.com/od/funfacts/a/twinbirthrate.htm", "http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/databriefs/db80.htm", "http://news.yahoo.com/u-twin-birth-rate-hit-record-high-2013-203401126.html", "http://articles.chicagotribune.com/2012-02-15/news/ct-x-0215-multiple-children-20120215_1_twin-birth-rate-cdc-reports-babies-face", "http://bangordailynews.com/2015/01/15/health/cdc-us-twin-birth-rate-hit-record-high-in-2013/", "http://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/26221", "http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/databriefs/db80.htm" ] }

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[ "During training they make $1,468 each month and after completion of training they make $1,916 per month which translates to $22,992. The average salary ranges from $51,000 $76,500 per year.", "$18,378 to $33,030 per year." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "Basic Military Pay. Navy SEALs with less than two years experience within enlisted ranks earn basic pay that ranges from $18,378 to $33,030 per year as of 2014. The maximum pay for an enlisted Navy SEAL is $90,115 after 40 years of service and promotion to the E-9 pay grade. The annual food allowance for officers is $2,954.88, while enlisted members enjoy a food allowance of $4,290.60 per year. Basic allowances for housing provide compensation for living quarters when a residence is not provided by the government.", "Training Salary. While people are training to be a Navy SEAL they make $1,468 each month. After they have completed their training they make $1,916 per month which translates to $22,992. A Master Chief Special Warfare Operator makes as much as $139,440 per year. This translates to a monthly salary of $11,616. MarineSalary.com reports that Navy SEALS are starting at anywhere from $42,000 per year to $63,000 per year. The average salary ranges from $51,000 $76,500 per year. The top salaries of Navy SEALS are currently between $60,000 and $90,000.", "Their weekly paychecks. The estimated salary for a Navy SEAL -- with over a dozen years of experience and an E-7 pay grade -- is about $54,000, according to an estimate based on data from the Department of Defense. An E-7 Navy SEAL would typically not be on a ship or plane long enough to be eligible for sea pay ($135 to $600), aviation ($125 to $840) or flyer incentive pay ($150-400), according to Kuebler.", "Incentive Pay for SEALs. SEALs can earn additional allowances under the U.S. Navy's Naval Special Warfare Incentives program that add to monthly basic pay for certain qualifications and assignments. In 2013, dive pay added from $150 to $240 per month for officers and from $150 to $340 a month for enlisted men. Officer Continuation Pay. In order to retain experienced SEALs, the Navy pays extra to officers with between six and 14 years of service under Officer Continuation pay contracts as part of the Naval Special Warfare Incentives program. In 2013, officers could earn an additional $6,000 on a one-year contract.", "Depending on his rank and years of service, a Navy SEAL can earn an excellent salary for his work at the front lines of American military action. The Navy SEALs are an Special Forces elite commando unit that that has played a crucial role in every major American military operation since its inception in 1961. They also can potentially earn a $225 monthly bonus if their mission involves parachuting or demolition and $240 for diving. SEALs are also eligible for an annual special clothing allowance of up to $760 and as much as $960 per month as a housing allowance.", "As a seal moves up the middle military ranks, his annual salary can range from $55,000 to $75,000. At the highest levels, an O-10 commissioned officer who has 40+ months of experience will earn $19,566.90 per month, which is equal to $234,792 per year! They also can potentially earn a $225 monthly bonus if their mission involves parachuting or demolition and $240 for diving. SEALs are also eligible for an annual special clothing allowance of up to $760 and as much as $960 per month as a housing allowance.", "Upon completion of SEAL training, though, their pay jumps from $1,468 per month -- $17,616 per year – to $1,916 per month, or $22,992 per year as the Navy promotes them to special warfare operator third class. The basic pay for an ensign who completes SEAL training is $2,784.00 per month. An admiral's four stars, on the other hand, bring in basic pay of $15,401 per month, or $184,812 per year. As of October 2013, the highest-ranking SEAL is Vice Admiral William McRaven, head of the U.S. Special Operations Command.", "Since Navy SEAls are only used for the riskiest military missions, they qualify for an extra $240 per month hazardous duty incentive pay and $225 imminent danger/hostile fire pay. They also can potentially earn a $225 monthly bonus if their mission involves parachuting or demolition and $240 for diving. SEALs are also eligible for an annual special clothing allowance of up to $760 and as much as $960 per month as a housing allowance." ], "url": [ "http://www.ehow.com/info_8022569_much-navy-seals-paid-year.html", "http://www.richestlifestyle.com/navy-seal-salary/", "http://abcnews.go.com/Business/osama-bin-laden-navy-seal-team-raided-obamas/story?id=13517776", "http://work.chron.com/us-navy-seals-make-lot-money-27935.html", "http://www.celebritynetworth.com/articles/how-much-does/navy-seal-salary/", "http://www.celebritynetworth.com/articles/how-much-does/navy-seal-salary/", "http://work.chron.com/pay-scale-navy-seals-27510.html", "http://www.celebritynetworth.com/articles/how-much-does/navy-seal-salary/" ] }

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[ "30 minutes" ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "6. A meat thermometer should be used to ensure that the pork loin is in the middle of 160-170 degrees Fahrenheit on each end and in the middle. For pork 160 degrees Fahrenheit is medium well and 170 degrees Fahrenheit is well done. Below 160 degrees Fahrenheit you risk food poisoning or worm infection. Pieces of meat, such as a pork loin, that are larger than chops or steaks should be cooked on low, indirect heat at colse to 350 degrees Fahrenheit. If your grill has vents in the lid, cook the pork with the vents open. 6.", "Marinade the pork tenderloin in the sauce for an hour or more, up to 6 hours, in the refrigerator. Using butchers twine, tie the pork tenderloin to the rotisserie skewer securely. I laid one half on top of several pieces of twine, then put the skewer on top of that, then the other half of the loin on top of that. ", "1 Calculate the weight of your roast by at least 20 minutes per pound or when the internal temperature reaches 160 degrees Fahrenheit. 2 Carefully remove your roast from the rotisserie, of the rod and onto a serving platter. 3 Let the meat stand undisturbed for 5-10 minutes and then carve the meat as usual. 1 Fit the pork roast snuggly onto the rotisserie rod as dead center as possible. 2 Calculate the weight of your roast by at least 20 minutes per pound or when the internal temperature reaches 160 degrees Fahrenheit. 3 Carefully remove your roast from the rotisserie, of the rod and onto a serving platter", "4. Remove your pork tenderloin from the grill and let it rest for 15 minutes. Put your meat on a cutting board, or a platter, and cover with tin foil to let the meat rest before carving it up. It'll be much juicer and more tender if you let it sit for a couple of minutes.", "-- Rotisserie Oven: Interestingly adequate the pork loin will come out more tender and juicy when cooked in a rotisserie than whether the outdoor grill or broiler oven. A meat thermometer should still be used to be sure that the pork loin is in the middle of 160-170 degrees Fahrenheit on each end and in the middle. Pieces of meat, such as a pork loin, that are larger than chops or steaks should be cooked on low, indirect heat at colse to 350 degrees Fahrenheit. If your grill has vents in the lid, cook the pork with the vents open. 6.", "Brush the grill with vegetable oil. Remove the tenderloin from the bag and place in the center of grate. Discard bag with marinade. Cover and cook for 12 to 15 minutes, turning every 1 1/2 to 2 minutes, until the tenderloin reaches an internal temperature of 140 degrees F. ", "Cooking. Cooking a rotisserie pork loin in a closed-top barbecue should take around 30 minutes per pound of pork. Whatever the weight of meat, check the internal temperature to make sure it's done. Barbecue pork can cause food poisoning if the center is left raw. ", "And a meat thermometer should be used to be sure that the pork loin is in the middle of 160-170 degrees Fahrenheit on each end and in the middle. For pork 160 degrees Fahrenheit is medium well and 170 degrees Fahrenheit is well done. Below 160 degrees Fahrenheit you risk food poisoning or worm infection. Pieces of meat, such as a pork loin, that are larger than chops or steaks should be cooked on low, indirect heat at colse to 350 degrees Fahrenheit. If your grill has vents in the lid, cook the pork with the vents open. 6.", "Set up the grill to cook with medium-high heat and let it warm up for 15 minutes with the lid closed; 2 layers of charcoal in the tray suffices. Slide the loin onto the rotisserie rod and set it in the turning rack. Roast the pork for 20 minutes per pound and check the internal temperature in the center. When it reaches 135 degrees F, take it out of the rotisserie and place on a tray. Let it rest for 10 minutes before carving it. " ], "url": [ "http://rotisseriegrillcomparepricee.blogspot.com/2012/03/how-long-do-you-grill-pork-loin-per.html", "http://www.grillingcompanion.com/recipe/rotisserie-pork-tenderloin/", "http://www.food.com/recipe/rotisserie-roast-pork-46470", "http://www.wikihow.com/Grill-Pork-Tenderloin", "http://rotisseriegrillcomparepricee.blogspot.com/2012/03/how-long-do-you-grill-pork-loin-per.html", "http://www.foodnetwork.com/recipes/alton-brown/grilled-pork-tenderloin-recipe.html", "http://www.livestrong.com/article/556985-how-to-rotisserie-barbecue-boneless-pork-loins/", "http://rotisseriegrillcomparepricee.blogspot.com/2012/03/how-long-do-you-grill-pork-loin-per.html", "http://www.ehow.com/how_5059153_cook-pork-roast-rotisserie.html" ] }

[]

[ "A disorder of the blood vessels of the heart that can lead to heart attack." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "Heart disease is one of several cardiovascular diseases, which are diseases of the heart and blood vessel system. Other cardiovascular diseases include stroke, high blood pressure, angina (chest pain), and rheumatic heart disease.", "Heart disease is an umbrella term for any type of disorder that affects the heart. Heart disease means the same as cardiac disease but not cardiovascular disease. Cardiovascular disease refers to disorders of the blood vessels and heart, while heart disease refers to just", "Heart disease describes a range of conditions that affect your heart. Diseases under the heart disease umbrella include blood vessel diseases, such as coronary artery disease; heart rhythm problems (arrhythmias); and heart defects you're born with (congenital heart defects), among others.", "The term heart disease is often used interchangeably with the term cardiovascular disease.. Cardiovascular disease generally refers to conditions that involve narrowed or blocked blood vessels that can lead to a heart attack, chest pain (angina) or stroke.", "Heart disease, or cardiovascular disease, is a general name for a wide variety of diseases, disorders and conditions that affect the heart and blood vessels. Heart disease is the number one cause of death in the United States, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (Source: CDC).", "Heart and blood vessel disease — also called heart disease — includes numerous problems, many of which are related to a process called atherosclerosis. Atherosclerosis is a condition that develops when a substance called plaque builds up in the walls of the arteries.", "Heart disease: Any disorder that affects the heart. Sometimes the term heart disease is used narrowly and incorrectly as a synonym for coronary artery disease. Heart disease is synonymous with cardiac disease but not with cardiovascular disease which is any disease of the heart or blood vessels.", "Coronary heart disease—often simply called heart disease—is the main form of heart disease. It is a disorder of the blood vessels of the heart that can lead to heart attack. A heart attack happens when an artery becomes blocked, preventing oxygen and nutrients from getting to the heart.", "The most common type of heart disease in the United States is coronary artery disease, which affects the blood flow to the heart and can cause a heart attack. The term heart disease refers to several types of heart conditions." ], "url": [ "http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/educational/hearttruth/lower-risk/what-is-heart-disease.htm", "http://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/237191.php", "http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/heart-disease/basics/definition/con-20034056", "http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/heart-disease/basics/definition/con-20034056", "http://www.healthgrades.com/conditions/heart-disease", "http://www.heart.org/HEARTORG/Caregiver/Resources/WhatisCardiovascularDisease/What-is-Cardiovascular-Disease_UCM_301852_Article.jsp", "http://www.medicinenet.com/script/main/art.asp?articlekey=31193", "http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/educational/hearttruth/lower-risk/what-is-heart-disease.htm", "http://www.cdc.gov/heartdisease/about.htm" ] }

[]

[]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "Background. Hypothermia describes a state in which the body's mechanism for temperature regulation is overwhelmed in the face of a cold stressor. Hypothermia is classified as accidental or intentional, primary or secondary, and by the degree of hypothermia.", "Possible causes of hypothermia include: Cold exposure. When the balance between the body's heat production and heat loss tips toward heat loss for a prolonged period, hypothermia can occur. Accidental hypothermia usually happens after cold temperature exposure without enough warm, dry clothing for protection.", "Hypothermia is a medical emergency when a person's body temperature falls to below 35C (95F). Hypothermia can be caused by exposure to the cold outside during winter, living in cold conditions or falling into icy water.", "The causes of hypothermia include: Cold exposure. When the balance between the body's heat production and heat loss tips towards heat loss for a prolonged period, hypothermia can occur. Accidental hypothermia usually happens after cold temperature exposure without enough warm, dry clothing for protection.", "Hypothermia is a potentially dangerous drop in body temperature, usually caused by prolonged exposure to cold temperatures. The risk of cold exposure increases as the winter months arrive.", "Prior to the onset of hypothermia the body maintains a relatively stable temperature whereby heat production is balanced by heat loss. When the outside environment gets too cold or the body's heat production decreases, hypothermia occurs (hypo=less + thermia=temperature). Body temperature is controlled in the part of the brain called the hypothalamus, which is responsible for recognizing alterations in the body temperature and responding appropriately." ], "url": [ "http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/770542-overview", "http://www.webmd.com/a-to-z-guides/what-is-hypothermia", "http://www.webmd.boots.com/a-to-z-guides/what-is-hypothermia", "http://www.webmd.boots.com/a-to-z-guides/what-is-hypothermia", "http://www.webmd.com/a-to-z-guides/what-is-hypothermia", "http://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/182197.php" ] }

[]

[ "40 to 150 meters" ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "This list of the longest arch bridge spans ranks the world's arch bridges by the length of their main span. The length of the main span is the most common way to rank bridges as it usually correlates with the engineering complexity involved in designing and constructing the bridge.", "A large proportion of the statewide highway construction budget, usually in excess of 20%, is devoted to bridge construction. Typically, the FDOT completes between 100 and 200 bridges each year. As a rule of thumb, bridges from 20 to 45 feet in length are short span bridges. Bridges from 45 to 150 feet are medium span bridges, and those extending over 150 feet are long span bridges. In recent years, the overall trend has been an increase in bridge construction costs. However, a few categories of costs have decreased. ", "From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. This list of the longest arch bridge spans ranks the world's arch bridges by the length of their main span. The length of the main span is the most common way to rank bridges as it usually correlates with the engineering complexity involved in designing and constructing the bridge.", "The bridge is 8 inches long and 3 inches tall. I have added two load points with a total load of 100. This means the numbers you see act as percentages. For instance, the very middle of the top chord of the bridge is supporting 50% of the total load. The trick is to find that height, by balancing out these two factors. I was once told that the optimal height for an arch bridge is 1/6th the length of the span. That means if your bridge is 6 inches long, it should be 1 inch tall. My experience has confirmed that this is a very good starting place for an arch bridge", "The typical span length of arch bridges range from 40 to 150 meters.The longest arch span in the world is the New River Gorge Bridge with a main span of 518 meters.3.4.3 What They Typically CostThe typical cost of arch bridges ranges from $4,000 to $5,000 US per square meter. Unlike girder and truss bridges, both ends of an arch are fixed in the horizontal direction and no horizontal movement is allowed in the bearing. Thuswhen a load is placed on the bridge, such as a passing car, horizontal forcesoccur in the bearings of the arch.", "Arch Parsons Bridges ARCH BRIDGES Arch bridges are one of the oldest types of bridges and have great natural strength. Instead of pushing straight down as in the case of a beam bridge, rigidframe bridge or truss, the load supported by of an arch bridge is carried along the curve of the arch to the supports at each end. Unlike girder and truss bridges, both ends of an arch are fixed in the horizontal direction and no horizontal movement is allowed in the bearing. Thuswhen a load is placed on the bridge, such as a passing car, horizontal forcesoccur in the bearings of the arch.", "The only difference is that this bridge is 4 inches tall, one inch taller than before. You can see in this second bridge that the middle section of the top chord is only holding 38% of the total load. All I did is increase the height of the bridge by one inch. The trick is to find that height, by balancing out these two factors. I was once told that the optimal height for an arch bridge is 1/6th the length of the span. That means if your bridge is 6 inches long, it should be 1 inch tall. My experience has confirmed that this is a very good starting place for an arch bridge", "It does not mean the total length or overall length of multi-span bridges. If the lengths of several spans in one bridge are equal, it is mentioned in Notes column. Overall lengths are not included-only the longest spans. Year means the year of completion or intended completion. Longest Bridge Spans are categorised in the following tables according to the structural type of the main span. The Span means the main span of a bridge = centre to centre distance of adjacent towers, pylons, piers or supports given in metres [m]" ], "url": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_longest_arch_bridge_spans", "http://www.dot.state.fl.us/planning/policy/costs/Bridges.pdf", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_longest_arch_bridge_spans", "http://www.garrettsbridges.com/design/bridge-height/", "http://www.partnershipborderstudy.com/pdf/Arch%20Bridges_2.pdf", "http://www.partnershipborderstudy.com/pdf/Arch%20Bridges_2.pdf", "http://www.garrettsbridges.com/design/bridge-height/", "http://bridge.aalto.fi/en/longspan.html" ] }

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[ "Airsoft Megastore is headquartered in sunny Southern California." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "AirSplat's Retail Store Locations AirSplat retail stores have everything you need to get out on the field, from CQB to MilSim style airsoft. All of AirSplat's inventory is available for purchase in our retail store-from M4 rifles to tactical airsoft vests. Our unique retail setup allows airsoft shoppers to view, touch, and even shoot our products. All of which, guns, apparel, and accessories are all out on display for visitors to touch, feel, experience, try on, and play with. AirSplat's unique and exclusive touch & feel ™ airsoft walls give you the opportunity to touch, feel, hold and experience all the airsoft guns from our vast inventory.", "Airsoft Megastore is headquartered in sunny Southern California. We operate out of a fully-stocked 50,000 sq. ft, warehouse and adjacent office complex, which is strategically located less than half a mile from a central UPS package distribution/processing hub for Southern California. Whenever you need help, please try to contact him. My advice, buy in Airsoft Megastore, they have coupons and the widest variety of airsoft products. RandyLoy, USA I ordered a gun sling a couple weeks ago. Unfortunately, one of the clips broke.", "As the fastest-growing Airsoft retailer in the nation, we're extremely proud to say that we've grown to be a trusted source for Airsoft guns for both in-state and out-of-state Law Enforcement agencies, coast to coast. Whenever you need help, please try to contact him. My advice, buy in Airsoft Megastore, they have coupons and the widest variety of airsoft products. RandyLoy, USA I ordered a gun sling a couple weeks ago. Unfortunately, one of the clips broke.", "The store is amazing. I have found there items that I could not find in other stores which makes it the best. I have made questions and inquires about products and the customer service has responded super fast with accurate answers. All my products have arrived in excellent conditions in spite of other stores. My last product came late because it was rescheduled but that was UPS fault I think.", "About Airsoft Megastore. With a diverse selection of Airsoft guns, ammo, and accessories for Airsoft equipment, Airsoft Megastore stands as a trusted an online retailer. Featuring a comprehensive 45-day warranty and industry-leading shipping speeds, Airsoft Megastore is the largest supplier of Airsoft guns and accessories in the United States. ", "Evike.com Superstore is the world's largest Airsoft showroom occupying over 100,000 square feet with unmatched inventory and selections. You will find unbeatable pricing, selection, and friendly and knowledgeable staff to service you with all your Airsoft needs! To reach the Evike.com Superstore, please call us at 626-407-0561. For questions relating to online orders, please call our customer service team at 626-286-0360 (Mondays to Fridays). ", "So even if you're not a law enforcement officer, you can shop with confidence at Airsoft Megastore knowing that you are choosing the same Airsoft retailer that many police, sheriff, and federal agents count on to deliver the best in Airsoft, at the best prices, with the best service. Whenever you need help, please try to contact him. My advice, buy in Airsoft Megastore, they have coupons and the widest variety of airsoft products. RandyLoy, USA I ordered a gun sling a couple weeks ago. Unfortunately, one of the clips broke.", "We cordially invite you to shop with us, and experience the Airsoft Megastore Difference. At Airsoft Megastore, we are highly conscious of how our business affects the ecosystem that transcends us all. For every 1 ton of paper recycled, 17 trees live; this is a statement that we do not take lightly. Whenever you need help, please try to contact him. My advice, buy in Airsoft Megastore, they have coupons and the widest variety of airsoft products. RandyLoy, USA I ordered a gun sling a couple weeks ago. Unfortunately, one of the clips broke.", "Airsoft Megastore is a number one fastest-growing retailer of airsoft products in the industry. The company offers a full line-up of air soft guns (electric, gas and spring guns), gear, and accessories (optics, scopes, lasers, internal and external upgrades/parts, etc). ", "If you looking for a great airsoft retailer in Southern California, look no further than Airsoft GI s walk in store. Located in Los Angeles county, California, the store is a great place to meet other airsoft enthusiasts and chat with the sales floor representatives. Most new airsoft players can view and test out the airsoft guns that are new to them. Airsoft GI's first walk-in store was a small 600 sq ft storefront located in Hacienda Heights, CA. The combination of friendly service from knowledgeable employees, who are also airsoft players, quickly earned Airsoft GI a lot of popularity." ], "url": [ "http://www.airsplat.com/store-locations", "http://www.airsoftmegastore.com/About-Us.aspx", "http://www.airsoftmegastore.com/About-Us.aspx", "http://www.airsoftmegastore.com/", "http://www.manta.com/c/mxcp2sm/airsoft-megastore", "http://www.evike.com/evike_super_store.php", "http://www.airsoftmegastore.com/About-Us.aspx", "http://www.airsoftmegastore.com/About-Us.aspx", "http://airsoft-megastore.pissedconsumer.com/state/florida/city/west-palm-beach.html", "http://www.airsoftgi.com/information.php?info_id=15" ] }

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[ "60 to 75 F" ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "The optimum soil temperature for germination and root growth of Bermuda grass is 75° to 80° F (24° to 27° C) - Higher temps are ok, provided moisture is maintained. • Site Selection: Plant Bermuda grass in full sun on well-drained soil. PLANTING BERMUDA GRASS When to Plant: Bermuda grass is a warm season turf grass. Plant Bermuda grass seeds in spring and summer when soil temperatures are consistently above 65° F (18° C). The optimum soil temperature for germination and root. growth of Bermuda grass is 75° to 80° F (24° to 27° C) - Higher temps are ok, provided moisture is maintained", "Cool season grass such as Fescue, germinate best when the soil temperatures are between 50&deg and 65&deg degrees F. These soil temperatures usually occur when the daytime air temperatures are between 60&deg and 75&deg degrees. The fescue grasses, when planted properly, germinate within 10 to 14 days. When To Plant Fescue Grass. Fall is the best time to plant fescue and other cool season grass. Planting in the Fall presents the least risk of planting failure for cool season grass. Plant your cool season grass seed when the fall temperatures reach 75&deg and are dropping as winter approaches.", "Temperature. Grass seed germinates when the soil temperature is 65 degrees and above. It's important to understand that it is the soil temperature, and not the surrounding air temperature, that is the trigger for seed germination. Grass seed that fails to germinate cannot grow into part of a lush green lawn, so it's important to sow seed when conditions are right for germination. Soil temperature, depth of planting and soil moisture are all key factors. Ensure the correct conditions when you seed your lawn for the best results.", "Bermuda Grass can take anywhere from 7 days to over 30 days to germinate. This all depends on planting depths, rainfall and/or irrigation, and especially soil temperatures. Soil temperatures must be above 70° or higher for the seeds to begin the germination process. Until that time they will simply lay in the soil and rest. To have a 70° + degree soil temperature requires day time temperatures of 80°. The higher the soil temperature (with adequate moisture), generally the faster (sooner) the seeds will germinate. --- Bermudas need temperatures between 70° and 95° for germination.", "Best Answer: 65 degrees or higher. Soil temperature that is, not air temperature... Added Info: The below chart taken from Penn State Dept. Of Crop And Soil Sciences website. My suggested temperature of 65 degrees or more, falls in mid-range for optimum seed germination. Also, the type of grass has alot to do with it. Generally, Warm Season grass seed requires the warmer soil temperatures. Even theCool season grass seed likes a warmer soil temperature for successfully germinating... The proof is in the puddin' and that's the truth! Table 1. Optimum temperatures for seed germination of cool-season turfgrasses", "Grass seed not in good contact with the soil cannot warm up correctly for successful germination. Seeds rely on warmth and soil moisture to swell and sprout. If your seeds remain at their ideal temperature range and are planted no more than 1/4 inch deep, you should see germination after three weeks. It is critical to keep the top 1/2 inch of soil moist with a misty spray so the seeds continue to absorb moisture as the seedling grows larger.", "Keep in mind that some warm-season grasses, including some cultivars of bermudagrass and St. Augustine grass, don't do well when planted from seed. The soil temperature range for most warm-season grasses is between 65 and 75 degrees Fahrenheit and sometimes higher. Optimal air temperatures for warm-season grasses are 80 to 95 degrees Fahrenheit. Seed that is sown in the spring is almost certain to fail, according to the University of Missouri Extension. Air temperatures for cool-season grasses should be between 60 and 75 degrees Fahrenheit, with soil temperatures between 50 and 6", "Usually planted in the early fall, cool-season grass seeds prefer daytime temperatures ranging from 60 to 75 F. With this temperature range, the soil itself is usually between 50 and 65 F -- the right environment for germination. If your seeds remain at their ideal temperature range and are planted no more than 1/4 inch deep, you should see germination after three weeks. It is critical to keep the top 1/2 inch of soil moist with a misty spray so the seeds continue to absorb moisture as the seedling grows larger.", "PLANT WHEN DAYTIME TEMPERATURES ARE BETWEEN 60 & 75 DEGREES: Cool season grasses grow best when the soil temperatures are between 50 and 65 degrees F. These temperatures usually occur when the daytime air temperatures are between 60 and 75 degrees. High temperatures of summer can cause these plants to go dormant and thus planting during summer is asking for problems. " ], "url": [ "http://www.wakeforestnc.gov/data/sites/1/media/departments/communications/planting%20bermuda%20grass.pdf", "http://fescue.com/info/whentoplant.html", "http://www.ehow.com/way_5762636_temperature-planting-grass-seed.html", "http://bermudagrass.com/info/seedling.html", "https://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20080411161814AAqCk9D", "http://homeguides.sfgate.com/warm-must-plant-lawn-grass-seed-67816.html", "http://homeguides.sfgate.com/temperatures-grass-seed-germination-61409.html", "http://homeguides.sfgate.com/warm-must-plant-lawn-grass-seed-67816.html", "http://www.seedland.com/tips1.html" ] }

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[ "About 1 hour" ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "Roast in 450 degrees F oven for about 10 minutes. Reduce oven temperature to 350 degrees F. Continue to roast for 55 to 60 minutes or until instant-read meat thermometer inserted into the pork, but not in the stuffing, registers 150 to 155 degrees F and potatoes are fork tender. ", "Whether you are looking for a pork loin cooking time or a pork chop cooking time, use the following chart as a cooking time and temperature guide for pork cuts (including ham) that are cooked in the oven, grilled, or are inserted into an oven bag prior to cooking. ", "To prepare this roast pork loin recipe, we first rub a boneless pork loin with a simple blend of garlic and seasonings, and then roast it to perfection. Note that the final target temperature for this pork loin roast is 140° to 145°F, which is medium. The interior will have a lovely rosy color. 1 Preheat oven to 450°F. 2 In a small bowl, combine the oil, garlic, salt, pepper and herbs and mix until a paste forms. 3 Dry the pork loin with paper towels and rub it all over with the seasoning paste. 4 Then set it on a rack in a shallow roasting pan.", "Preheat oven to ... side of the pork loin. Heat oil ... oven rack and cook for about 15-20 minutes per pound. Let rest at least 5 minutes. Slice and serve.", "Heat the oil in a large ovenproof skillet over high heat. Season the pork with salt and pepper and sear on all sides until golden brown. Combine the mustard and vinegar and brush over the pork. Transfer to the oven and roast the pork until a thermometer inserted in the center reads 145 degrees, about 35 minutes. Transfer the pork to a cutting board and tent with foil for 10 minutes. Remove strings, slice and serve with Fall Vegetable Cobbler (recipe below).", "1 Place pork loin into oven, turning and basting with pan liquids. 2 Cook until the pork is no longer pink in the center, about 1 hour. 3 An instant-read thermometer inserted into the center should read 145 degrees F (63 degrees C). 4 Remove roast to a platter. 1 Rub the meat with the remaining garlic mixture and olive oil. 2 Place pork loin into oven, turning and basting with pan liquids. 3 Cook until the pork is no longer pink in the center, about 1 hour. 4 An instant-read thermometer inserted into the center should read 145 degrees F (63 degrees C). 5", "Rub roast with olive oil and then with seasonings. Let stand for 30 minutes. Preheat oven to 425-450 degrees. Place boneless loin roast, uncovered, for 20 minutes in oven to brown and sear pork. Reduce heat to 325 degrees. Cover roast [with lid or foil]. Continue to bake the pork loin for another hour or until the internal temperature registers 145-155 degrees. Let roast stand, covered, 5-10 minutes before carving to lock in the juices. Use pan drippings to make gravy if desired. Cooking times are suggested cooking times only as ovens do vary. ", "1 Remove pork from oven, lightly cover with foil, and let rest 5-10 minutes to redistribute internal juices. 2 Roast should be done, very slightly pink in the center, and very moist. 3 After resting 10 minutes, the roast should reach a safe 145-150 degrees. 1 Preheat oven to 500 degrees. 2 Remove tenderloin from refrigerator. 3 Season meat as desired. 4 Place seasoned meat in an uncovered roasting pan on a shelf in the bottom 1/3 of your oven. 5 Bake EXACTLY 5 1/2 minutes PER POUND. 6 Adjust +/- according to your oven's accuracy and heat retention. 7 NOTE:." ], "url": [ "http://www.foodnetwork.com/recipes/roasted-stuffed-loin-of-pork-recipe.html", "http://www.recipetips.com/kitchen-tips/t--907/pork-cooking-times.asp", "http://culinaryarts.about.com/od/beefporkothermeats/r/Roast-Pork-Loin.htm", "http://www.cooks.com/rec/search/0,1-0,boneless_porkloin_cooking_time,FF.html", "http://www.foodnetwork.com/recipes/food-network-kitchens/roast-pork-loin-recipe2.html", "http://allrecipes.com/recipe/21766/roasted-pork-loin/", "http://www.bloomingglencatering.com/Cooking_instructions_for_boneless_pork_loin.pdf", "http://www.food.com/recipe/perfect-pork-tenderloin-63828" ] }

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[ "An owl totem gives you the power to extract secrets." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "1 If Owl has glided silently into your life it is important to heed this totem’s important meaning. 2 Owls are generally solitary and they have the remarkable ability to fly silently and to quietly move from perch to perch. 1 Native American Symbolism: The most prevalent Native American symbolism of Owl is one that is associated with death and spirits. 2 Many Native American tribes viewed the owls as spirits of the dead, or the souls of the recently deceased.", "Owl Totem. Owls have been revered in many cultures as symbols of wisdom, knowledge, and unique vision. Unfortunately, they have also been feared and misunderstood by many other cultures who see them as omens of death and destruction. ", "1 If the Owl totem comes and sits nearby, it may indicate a need to peer into the darkness and face your fears. 2 Also, pay close attention to your dreams, they carry powerful meaning and symbols of your unconscious and emotional well being. 1 Native American Symbolism: The most prevalent Native American symbolism of Owl is one that is associated with death and spirits. 2 Many Native American tribes viewed the owls as spirits of the dead, or the souls of the recently deceased.", "Let your Owl Totem be your guide and show you the measure of what you give, you have sacred gifts to share that are still deep within you. Owl Totem Energies connect us to the divine feminine, the energies of moon and the night ... all of this speaks of rich intuition and magic. With Owl, you can develop clairaudient abilities ... the ability to hear the hidden meaning of what others are not saying, yet is conveyed in their silence. Meaning of Barn Owl... the Barn Owl is symbolic of holding secrets and valuables in a private place. Meaning of Burrowing Owl ... the Burrowing Owl is a symbol of grounding and earth magic. Symbolic Owl Meaning ~ the mystic oracle.", "Symbolic Owl meaning is appearing for you now imparting the spiritual meaning that this is a time of gaining clarity in the darkness, knowing your true power lies in the wisdom of the lessons and experiences you've had, and you have much to teach as others will seek your counsel... Meaning of Barn Owl... the Barn Owl is symbolic of holding secrets and valuables in a private place. Meaning of Burrowing Owl ... the Burrowing Owl is a symbol of grounding and earth magic. Symbolic Owl Meaning ~ the mystic oracle.", "Symbolic Owl Meaning ... by Presley Love Owl totem is an old soul, a keeper of ancient wisdom, a gatekeeper to the Akashic realm, he can peer through to see the secrets and the agendas of others, he is a prophet and can see, hear and feel events before they transpire. Owl Meaning. Meaning of Barn Owl... the Barn Owl is symbolic of holding secrets and valuables in a private place. Meaning of Burrowing Owl ... the Burrowing Owl is a symbol of grounding and earth magic. Symbolic Owl Meaning ~ the mystic oracle.", "OWL. Magic, Omens, Wisdom. The owl is the symbol of the feminine, the moon and the night. The owl is the bird of magic and darkness, of prophecy and wisdom. The owl is associated with Athena. An owl totem gives you the power to extract secrets. ", "If Owl is your Animal Totem: The Owl is the symbol of the feminine, the moon and the night. The Owl is also the bird of magic and darkness, of prophecy and wisdom. You work best during the night hours. To see a dead Owl in your dream signifies some illness or death. Death in this sense may be a symbolic death, as in an important transition in life or the end of a negative habit. To dream that an Owl is trying to peck your eyes out, means lacking insight. There is an issue that you are trying desperately to avoid.", "The Owl is the symbol of. the feminine, the Moon and the night. The owl is the bird of magic and darkness, of prophecy and wisdom. Like all Bird Totems, the Owl is considered to be a Messenger Totem, responsible for carrying messages from the Blue Road of Spirit to the Red Road of Physical Life.", "1 Greek/Roman Symbolism: In most lore the owl symbolizes wisdom and protection and was the favorite bird of Athene, the goddess of wisdom. 2 To the Romans, the owl was both a symbol of victory and doom. 3 To hear the hoot of an Owl presaged imminent death. 1 Native American Symbolism: The most prevalent Native American symbolism of Owl is one that is associated with death and spirits. 2 Many Native American tribes viewed the owls as spirits of the dead, or the souls of the recently deceased." ], "url": [ "http://alltotems.com/owl-spirit-meaning-symbols-and-totem/", "http://totemwisdom.com/owltotem.html", "http://alltotems.com/owl-spirit-meaning-symbols-and-totem/", "http://www.universeofsymbolism.com/symbolic-owl-meaning.html", "http://www.universeofsymbolism.com/symbolic-owl-meaning.html", "http://www.universeofsymbolism.com/symbolic-owl-meaning.html", "http://www.linsdomain.com/totems/pages/owl.htm", "http://www.spirit-animals.com/owl/", "http://goddessschool.com/owl.html", "http://alltotems.com/owl-spirit-meaning-symbols-and-totem/" ] }

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[ "Building" ]

{ "is_selected": [ 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "A fun fact is that a group of Rooks is called a “building” and not very surprisingly the place where a colony nests is called a Rookery. Rooks inhabit vast territories from Ireland to New Zealand where it was introduced and now is being eradicated as it’s not native to the territory. Well, think again! Besides the fact that it shares a name with a chess piece, already 2000 years ago a Greek fable writer called Aesop wrote that a rook uses stones to raise water level in a container to get to the liquid and quench his thirst.", "If you're interested in group names for creatures other than birds, here are links to such lists: 1 The Fairfax County (Virginia) Library's Group Names. 2 David Featherston's Collective Nouns: A (re-)collection. by. 3 Mark Hesenflow's Collective terms-Animals. To make sense of the matter, I have placed the group names into groups--. Alas, the OED itself is not totally reliable: the word kettle (as both a noun and a verb) has been used by hawk watchers for many years, and it has often appeared in print; the OED editors obviously are not birders.", "The rook in chess (may be referred to as the castle) is a piece that can move horizontally and vertically any amount of spaces on a chess board but can not jump over pieces. The rook usually has no purpose in the beginning of the game since it blocked by so many pieces and usually makes it into the endgame. Giant pandas are mostly shy, solitary animals and are rarely found in a group, however, a group of pandas is called an Embarassment of Pandas or a Cupboard.", "In one experiment, a rook was placed near a tube of water, with a worm floating on top of the water, and some rocks next to the tube. The water level was too low for the rook to reach the worm, so it placed rocks into the tube until the level was high enough. Rook at the Cafe, Marwell Zoo. This species is similar in size (45–47 cm in length) to or slightly smaller than the carrion crow with black feathers often showing a blue or bluish-purple sheen in bright sunlight. The feathers on the head, neck and shoulders are particularly dense and silky", "Crows are members of the Corvidae family, which also includes ravens, magpies, and blue jays. Loud, rambunctious, and very intelligent, crows are most often associated with a long history of fear and loathing. They are considered pests by farmers trying to protect their crops and seedlings. Many people fear them simply because of their black feathers, which are often associating them with death.", "IN the origins of the game it … self, the game was called Chaturanga and it was not exactly the same as modern chess. The piece we call a rook was considered to be a chariot rather than a castle, probably because of the speed with which it moves. Giant pandas are mostly shy, solitary animals and are rarely found in a group, however, a group of pandas is called an Embarassment of Pandas or a Cupboard.", "A rook is a piece which can move as many squares as are unimpeded by either an opponent's or the player's own pieces along a file or rank. Each player has two rooks whic … h are placed at opposite ends of each player's nearest horizontal line, meaning rank. The rook may also castle with its own king. Giant pandas are mostly shy, solitary animals and are rarely found in a group, however, a group of pandas is called an Embarassment of Pandas or a Cupboard.", "The rook (Corvus frugilegus) is a member of the Corvidae family in the passerine order of birds. Named by Carl Linnaeus in 1758, the species name frugilegus is Latin for food-gathering. Rook at the Cafe, Marwell Zoo. This species is similar in size (45–47 cm in length) to or slightly smaller than the carrion crow with black feathers often showing a blue or bluish-purple sheen in bright sunlight. The feathers on the head, neck and shoulders are particularly dense and silky", "* Rooks are also known as Fosdyke Labourers. * They always fly to feed in groups * They go out to feed in groups in the morning and come back late at night. * The … only way of telling a blackbird and a rook apart, is that rooks have a small rough bit of skin underneth there beak. IN the origins of the game it … self, the game was called Chaturanga and it was not exactly the same as modern chess. The piece we call a rook was considered to be a chariot rather than a castle, probably because of the speed with which it moves." ], "url": [ "http://www.itsnature.org/air/birds-air/rook/", "http://baltimorebirdclub.org/gnlist.html", "http://www.answers.com/Q/What_is_a_group_of_rooks_called", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rook_(bird)", "http://www.pbs.org/wnet/nature/a-murder-of-crows-crow-facts/5965/", "http://www.answers.com/Q/What_is_a_group_of_rooks_called", "http://www.answers.com/Q/What_is_a_group_of_rooks_called", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rook_(bird)", "http://www.answers.com/Q/What_is_a_group_of_rooks" ] }

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[ "Solanum" ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "Botanical classification-In 1753 the tomato was placed in the genus Solanum by Linnaeus as Solanum lycopersicum L. (derivation, 'lyco', wolf, plus 'persicum', peach, i.e., wolf-peach). However, in 1768, Philip Miller placed it in its own genus, and he named it Lycopersicon esculentum.", "Tomato classification is done on the basis of its family, order, genus and species. Scientific classification of Tomato is needed for its detailed study. Scientific classification of Tomato tells about its basic characteristics and also gives information about its relation with other fruit.", "It was at one time considered that the common tomato belonged to the genus Solanum. In fact Linnaeus originally classified the tomato within this genus as Solanum lycopersicon but each are now considered to belong to a seperate genus based on differences in leaf type and pollen dispersal from the anthers.", "Plants are classified using a system devised by Charles Linnaeus in the 1770s. This system uses Latin nomenclature to describe groups with shared botanical traits. Of most interest to gardeners are the terms family, genus, and species.", "The common cultivated tomato belongs to the genus Lycopersicon. This genus exhibits a vast reservoir of genetic variability which remains largely underexploited. Some disease resistance, which is now a part of most commercially available cultivars, has been derived from related species of", "All plants have a genus and species name, which are indicated in italics. Maturity-The number of days from transplanting seedling to the first mature fruit. Early-Season varieties generally mature between 55 to 68 days; Midseason varieties- 69 to 79 days; Late season varieties from 80 days and beyond.", "Family is a subdivision of order. Tomato family is Solanaceae. Scientific classification of Tomato is done on the basis of its characteristics. Shape of leaves, fruit form, type of flower, etc. determine the scientific classification of Tomato. Species having similar characteristics are placed in a particular genus. Tomatoes are placed under Solanum genus. The basic category for scientific classification of Tomato is species. All fruits belonging to one specie are same ecologically.", "The term cultivar is a botanical term that is a contraction of the two-word term cultivated variety and is analogous to what growers call a variety. In botanical nomenclature, the term variety describes a subgroup that represents variations observed within a species. Cultivars are grouped within botanical varieties." ], "url": [ "http://renatovicario.com/pdf/tomato.pdf", "http://www.fruitvs.com/en/scientific-classification-of-tomato/model-7-5", "http://kdcomm.net/~tomato/Tomato/tax.html", "http://www.organicsforall.org/vegetables.htm", "http://kdcomm.net/~tomato/Tomato/tax.html", "https://www.tomatofest.com/terminology_tomato.html", "http://www.fruitvs.com/en/scientific-classification-of-tomato/model-7-5", "http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/hs1189" ] }

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[ "It is a component of the electron transport chain in mitochondria." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "The enzyme cytochrome c oxidase, or Complex IV (EC 1.9.3.1), is a large transmembrane protein complex found in bacteria and the mitochondrion of eukaryotes. It is the last enzyme in the respiratory electron transport chain of mitochondria or bacteria located in the mitochondrial or bacterial membrane. ", "Electron carrier protein. The oxidized form of the cytochrome c heme group can accept an electron from the heme group of the cytochrome c1 subunit of cytochrome reductase. Cytochrome c then transfers this electron to the cytochrome oxidase complex, the final protein carrier in the mitochondrial electron-transport chain. Plays a role in apoptosis", "Cytochrome c. Cytochrome c. a type of cytochrome, a protein which carries electrons, that is central to the process of respiration in mitochondria (an organelle found in eukaryotes which produces energy). Please contribute to this project, if you have more information about this term feel free to edit this page. ", "It belongs to the cytochrome c family of proteins. Cytochrome c is a highly water soluble protein, unlike other cytochromes, with a solubility of about 100 g/L and is an essential component of the electron transport chain, where it carries one electron. It is capable of undergoing oxidation and reduction, but does not bind oxygen. Cytochrome c is a highly conserved protein across the spectrum of species, found in plants, animals, and many unicellular organisms. This, along with its small size (molecular weight about 12,000 daltons), makes it useful in studies of cladistics. Its primary structure consists of a chain of about 100 amino acids.", "Cytochrome C. Cytochrome c is a highly conserved ~12 kDa protein consisting of a single 104 amino acid peptide with a single heme group, which is covalently attached to Cys 14 and Cys 17. Because of its ubiquitous nature and sequence homology, cytochrome c has been used as a model protein for molecular evolution. 1. Cytochrome c also participates in the cytosolic caspase proteolytic cascade of apoptosis as a component of the apoptotic protease activating factor (Apaf). The association of cytochrome c with Apaf-1 results in the formation of the apoptosome protein complex which can recruit and activate pro-caspase 9 (Apaf-3).", "A gene on chromosome 7p15.3 that encodes cytochrome c, an electron carrier protein, which transfers electrons from the heme group of the cytochrome c1 subunit of cytochrome reductase to the cytochrome oxidase complex, the final protein carrier in the mitochondrial electron-transport chain. ", "Cytochrome c is a component of the electron transport chain in mitochondria. The heme group of cytochrome c accepts electrons from the bc1 complex and transfers electrons to the complex IV. Cytochrome c is also involved in initiation of apoptosis. Cytochrome c is a highly conserved protein across the spectrum of species, found in plants, animals, and many unicellular organisms. This, along with its small size (molecular weight about 12,000 daltons), makes it useful in studies of cladistics. Its primary structure consists of a chain of about 100 amino acids.", "Cytochrome c. Cytochrome c is the only protein member of the respiratory chain that is freely mobile in the mitochondrial intermembrane space. It is a small protein consisting of a single polypeptide chain of 104 to 112 amino acid residues, wrapped around a single heme prosthetic group." ], "url": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cytochrome_c_oxidase", "http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/P99999", "http://www.biology-online.org/dictionary/Cytochrome_c", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cytochrome_c", "http://www.sigmaaldrich.com/life-science/metabolomics/enzyme-explorer/learning-center/cytochrome-c.html", "http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/cytochrome+C", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cytochrome_c", "http://encyclopedia2.thefreedictionary.com/Cytochrome" ] }

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[ "A urine test for the presence of white blood cells and other abnormalities associated with infection." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "1 Although a urinary tract infection is the most common cause of leukocyte esterase in urinalysis some other and rarer causes for the positive result with a negative microorganism culture do exist. 2 These include: 3 Chlamydia. 4 Infection with a sexually transmitted microorganism called ureaplasma urealyticum. 1 Leukocyte esterase in urinalysis functions as a screening test. 2 A negative result makes it unlikely an infection exists, thus making further testing of the urinary with a microscopic examination and urine culture for bacteria usually unnecessary.", "Leukocyte esterase (LE) is a urine test for the presence of white blood cells and other abnormalities associated with infection. The leukocyte esterase (LE) test detects esterase, an enzyme released by white blood cells. Positive test results are clinically significant. The LE test is also used to screen for gonorrhea and for amniotic fluid infections.", "Usually normal: Leukocyte esterase released by lysed neutrophils and macrophages is a surrogate marker of the presence of white blood cells (WBCs). Leukocyte esterase suggests that there are white blood cells in the urine. Trace means few WBC produced small amount of leucocyte esterase ...Read more. ", "A positive finding of the enzyme leukocyte esterase in urinalysis indicates the presence of white blood cells in the urine. This normally suggests inflammation of some sort, often from a urinary tract infection. Leukocyte esterase in urinalysis functions as a screening test. A negative result makes it unlikely an infection exists, thus making further testing of the urinary with a microscopic examination and urine culture for bacteria usually unnecessary. [1]. slide 2 of 8.", "White blood cells in the urine usually indicate a urinary tract infection. The leukocyte esterase (LE) test detects esterase, an enzyme released by white blood cells. Positive test results are clinically significant. The LE test is also used to screen for gonorrhea and for amniotic fluid infections.", "You may have an infection. A positive finding of the enzyme leukocyte esterase in urinalysis indicates the presence of white blood cells in the urine. This normally suggests inflammation of some sort, often from a urinary tract infection. A simple dipstick test as part of a urinalysis can detect the presence of this enzyme. 1 Leukocyte esterase in urinalysis functions as a screening test. 2 A negative result makes it unlikely an infection exists, thus making further testing of the urinary with a microscopic examination and urine culture for bacteria usually unnecessary.", "Sponsored link. White blood cells protect the body but if leukocyte esterase is found in urine it means there is infection in urinary tract. Kidneys, bladder, ureters and urethra form the urinary system and when analysis of urine shows leukocytes (without nitrates) in urine it indicates infection in the system. ", "Although a urinary tract infection is the most common cause of leukocyte esterase in urinalysis some other and rarer causes for the positive result with a negative microorganism culture do exist. [2] These include: 1 Chlamydia. 2 Infection with a sexually transmitted microorganism called ureaplasma urealyticum. Leukocyte esterase in urinalysis functions as a screening test. A negative result makes it unlikely an infection exists, thus making further testing of the urinary with a microscopic examination and urine culture for bacteria usually unnecessary. [1]. slide 2 of 8.", "Best Answer: Leukocyte esterase (LE) is a urine test for the presence of white blood cells and other abnormalities associated with infection. White blood cells in the urine usually indicate a urinary tract infection. The leukocyte esterase (LE) test detects esterase, an enzyme released by white blood cells. Positive test results are clinically significant. The LE test is also used to screen for gonorrhea and for amniotic fluid infections." ], "url": [ "http://www.answers.com/Q/What_does_a_positive_result_for_leukocyte_esterase_ua_from_a_urinalysis_mean", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leukocyte_esterase", "https://www.healthtap.com/topics/leukocyte-esterase-trace-in-urine", "http://www.brighthub.com/science/medical/articles/71126.aspx", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leukocyte_esterase", "http://www.answers.com/Q/What_does_a_positive_result_for_leukocyte_esterase_ua_from_a_urinalysis_mean", "http://diseaseslist.org/leukocyte-esterase-in-urine/", "http://www.brighthub.com/science/medical/articles/71126.aspx", "https://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20091014184413AACoGAA" ] }

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[ "Replication is simply formation of a new daughter strand of DNA from separated DNA strand in side the nucleus with a complex machinery involving DNA polymerase and few more enzymes with single strand binding proteins.where as translation refers to the decoding of mRNA formed from DNA during transcription into protein." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "Transcription is the process by which DNA is copied (transcribed) to mRNA, which carries the information needed for protein synthesis. Transcription takes place in two broad steps. First, pre-messenger RNA is formed, with the involvement of RNA polymerase enzymes. DNA, RNA and protein synthesis. The genetic material is stored in the form of DNA in most organisms. In humans, the nucleus of each cell contains 3 × 10 9 base pairs of DNA distributed over 23 pairs of chromosomes, and each cell has two copies of the genetic material. This is known collectively as the human genome.", "Transcription. Transcription involves copying DNA into RNA. The portion of the DNA that codes for genes is transcribed, or copied, into messenger RNA, known as mRNA. The first step in the process is the unwinding and separation of the two strands of the DNA helix. Similarities. Both DNA replication and transcription involve binding complementary nucleic acids to DNA, yielding a new strand of either DNA or RNA. Both processes can lead to errors if an incorrect nucleotide is incorporated.", "· just now. Report Abuse. In DNA replication DNA polymerase break the strands and whole chrmosome or DNA molecule is copped. In transcription RNA polymerase works and mRNA is formed of a specific portion known as gene. In translation a protein is made from the information present on mRNA in ribosome. ", "Diffen › Science › Biology › Microbiology. Transcription is the synthesis of RNA from a DNA template where the code in the DNA is converted into a complementary RNA code. Translation is the synthesis of a protein from an mRNA template where the code in the mRNA is converted into an amino acid sequence in a protein. ", "Answer by Deepgene. Replication is simply formation of a new daughter strand of DNA from separated DNA strand in side the nucleus with a complex machinery involving DNA polymerase and few more enzymes with single strand binding proteins. where as translation refers to the decoding of mRNA formed from DNA during transcription into protein. this occurs in cytoplasm. this also involves a complex system of enzymes and riboprotein.", "The purpose of transcription is to make RNA copies of individual genes that the cell can use in the biochemistry. Definition. DNA replication is the replication of a strand of DNA into two daughter strands, each daughter strand contains half of the original DNA double helix. Replication is the duplication of two-strands of DNA. Transcription is the formation of single, identical RNA from the two-stranded DNA. Enzymes. The two strands are separated and then each strand's complementary DNA sequence is recreated by an enzyme called DNA polymerase.", "In transcription, the codons of a gene are copied into messenger RNA by RNA polymerase.This RNA copy is then decoded by a ribosome that reads the RNA sequence by base-pairing the messenger RNA to transfer RNA, which carries amino acids. Enzymes Required. DNA Helicase, DNA Polymerase. Replication is the duplication of two-strands of DNA. Transcription is the formation of single, identical RNA from the two-stranded DNA. Enzymes. The two strands are separated and then each strand's complementary DNA sequence is recreated by an enzyme called DNA polymerase.", "In the transcription step, nucleotide sequence of the gene in the DNA strand is transcribed into RNA. This first step is highly similar to the DNA replication except the result is a strand on RNA in protein synthesis. The DNA strand being dismantled with DNA helicase enzyme, RNA polymerase is attached at the specific place of the start of the gene known as promoter, and RNA strand is synthesized along the gene.", "The mechanism of transcription has parallels in that of DNA replication. As with DNA replication, partial unwinding of the double helix must occur before transcription can take place, and it is the RNA polymerase enzymes that catalyze this process. DNA, RNA and protein synthesis. The genetic material is stored in the form of DNA in most organisms. In humans, the nucleus of each cell contains 3 × 10 9 base pairs of DNA distributed over 23 pairs of chromosomes, and each cell has two copies of the genetic material. This is known collectively as the human genome." ], "url": [ "http://www.atdbio.com/content/14/Transcription-Translation-and-Replication", "http://classroom.synonym.com/difference-between-transcription-dna-replication-9038.html", "https://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20080215034831AAWBfi9", "http://www.diffen.com/difference/Transcription_vs_Translation", "http://www.answers.com/Q/How_replication_differ_from_translation", "http://www.diffen.com/difference/Replication_vs_Transcription", "http://www.diffen.com/difference/Replication_vs_Transcription", "http://www.differencebetween.com/difference-between-protein-synthesis-and-vs-dna-replication/", "http://www.atdbio.com/content/14/Transcription-Translation-and-Replication" ] }

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[ "1817" ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "The American Colonization Society was established in 1816 by Robert Finley as an attempt to satisfy two groups in America. Ironically, these groups were on opposite ends of the spectrum involving slavery in the early 1800's.", "The American Colonization Society (ACS) was formed in 1817 to send free African-Americans to Africa as an alternative to emancipation in the United States. In 1822, the society established on the west coast of Africa a colony that in 1847 became the independent nation of Liberia.", "The American Colonization Society was an organization formed in 1816 with the purpose of transporting free blacks from the United States to settle on the west coast of Africa. During the decades the society operated more than 12,000 people were transported to Africa and the African nation of Liberia was founded.", "Formed in 1817, the American Colonization Society was one of the first organizations in the country to work for the end of slavery. Most members of the American Colonization Society were from religious groups in the North or they were slave owners from states such as Kentucky and Virginia in the Upper South.", "The American Colonization Society (ACS) was formed in 1817 to send free African-Americans to Africa as an alternative to emancipation in the United States.", "American Colonization Society. The American Colonization Society was formed in Washington, DC, in 1817 to establish a colony in Africa for free people of color residing in the US. Most of the documents found here are letters between Liberia and representatives of the Society." ], "url": [ "http://personal.denison.edu/~waite/liberia/history/acs.htm", "http://www.loc.gov/exhibits/african/afam002.html", "http://history1800s.about.com/od/1800sglossary/g/American-Colonization-Society.htm", "http://www.ohiohistorycentral.org/w/American_Colonization_Society?rec=834", "http://teaching.msa.maryland.gov/000001/000000/000020/html/t20.html", "https://www.fold3.com/title_2/american_colonization_society" ] }

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[ "skeletal, smooth and cardiac." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "Muscle tissues are derived from the mesodermal layer of embryonic germ cells in a process known as myogenesis. There are three types of muscle, skeletal or striated, cardiac, and smooth. Muscle action can be classified as being either voluntary or involuntary. ", "By Arun Pal Singh 16 Comments. Different types of muscles in the body perform different functions according to their type and location. Muscles are the contractile tissues [Tissue that is able to contract] that are responsible for performing various voluntary and involuntary functions. Muscles can be regarded as motors of the body. Muscles are so named because, many of them resemble a mouse, with their tendons representing the tail. Visceral muscle is found inside of organs like the stomach, intestines, and blood vessels. Visceral muscles are weakest of all the muscles. Their main function is to move substances through the organ. This type of muscles are also called plain, unstriped, non-striated, visceral, or involuntary muscles.", "1 Function. 2 Muscles are sometimes classified by the type of function that they perform. 3 Most of the muscles of the forearms are named based on their function because they are located in the same region and have similar shapes and sizes. 4 For example, the flexor group of the forearm flexes the wrist and the fingers. ", "Three types of muscles. The muscular system can be broken down into three types of muscles: skeletal, smooth and cardiac, according to the NIH. Skeletal muscles are the only voluntary muscle tissue in the human body and control every action that a person consciously performs. Most skeletal muscles are attached to two bones across a joint, so the muscle serves to move parts of those bones closer to each other, according to The Merck Manual.", "There are three types of muscle tissue found in the human body. There are visceral muscles, which consist of smooth muscle tissue, which is controlled by the autonomic nervous … system and responds to both hormones and neural stimulation. Smooth muscles have no striations, as the nucleus is centrally located. ", "The functions of muscle tissues depend on the type of muscle tissues and their locations in the body. Here is an overview of the 3 types of muscle tissues : : Skeletal muscle is called striated because of its appearance consisting of light and dark bands visible using a light microscope. ", "Smooth muscle-Found in the walls of most organs. They carry out the actions that we don't have to think about. (like breathing, or the expansion and contraction of the lungs) Skeletal muscle-This is the most well-know muscle. It is used to move the bones in the body. It is found almost everywhere in the body. Source(s): ", "The 4 Basic Tissue Types in the Human Bodywww.exploringnature.org Tissues are groups of cells with a common structure (form) and function (job).There are four main tissues in the body – epithelium, muscle, connective tissue and nervous tissue. ", "The basic function of muscle is to generate force. Secondarily, muscles can provide some shape and form to the organism. Anatomically and functionally, muscle can be divided into two types, smooth and striated. Striated or striped muscle can be further divided into skeletal muscle and cardiac (heart) muscle. " ], "url": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muscle", "http://boneandspine.com/types-of-muscles-and-there-functions/", "http://www.innerbody.com/image/musfov.html", "http://www.livescience.com/26854-muscular-system-facts-functions-diseases.html", "http://www.answers.com/Q/What_are_three_types_of_muscles_and_their_function", "http://www.ivyroses.com/HumanBody/Tissue/Tissue_Muscular-Tissue.php", "https://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20071215145920AAD7eql", "http://www.exploringnature.org/graphics/teaching_aids/Tissue_identification.pdf", "http://www.humankinetics.com/excerpts/excerpts/muscle-structure-and-function" ] }

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[ "From $36,878 to $300,000." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "Quintiles Salary. Quintiles average salary is $77,627, median salary is $74,000 with a salary range from $36,878 to $300,000. Quintiles salaries are collected from government agencies and companies. Each salary is associated with a real job position. Quintiles salary statistics is not exclusive and is for reference onl", "Quintiles Transnational has plenty to CRO about. One of the world's top contract research organizations (CROs), it helps pharmaceutical, biotechnology, and medical device companies develop and sell their products. Quintiles Transnational has focused efforts on developing services that help its clients reduce risk and time-to-market. For instance its Cenduit subsidiary, a joint venture with Thermo Fisher Scientific, helps control clinical trials costs by automating delivery of supplies, among other things.", "Timing is a key factor in your job search as well. Of course, people are hired or fired every single day of the year, and companies hold reviews all the time: at the end of the calendar year, end of the fiscal year, the anniversary of your … Read more... The 10 Most Searched Jobs. ", "Jobs. Business Development Directors are the best paid with the average salary hovering at approximately $125K annually; Senior Clinical Research Associates, SAS Programmers, and Clinical Research Associates also rank near the top of the list, pulling in $96K, $71K, and about $66K, respectively. What you do at the company primarily drives compensation; however, your experience level and your city are also reported as secondary influences on salary at Quintiles Transnational Corp.", "Quintiles Transnational is a pharmaceutical services company offering clinical, commercial, consulting and capital services. The Quintiles network consists of more than 20,000 employees in 60 countries. Quintiles manages clinical trials on behalf of pharmaceutical customers, and provides the following services: Quintiles helped develop or commercialize all of 2009's…. Read more from Wikipedia ».", "A salary of $79K per year is the median rate at Quintiles Transnational Corp. What you do at the company primarily drives compensation; however, your experience level and your city are also reported as secondary influences on salary at Quintiles Transnational Corp. The data in this summary comes from the PayScale salary survey", "What are the average or range for the compensation?more» 0 Quintiles resume Quintiles Submitted Nov 4 2011 By microevo_9, 1 Answers What is the best way to prepare for a targeted Quintiles resume and cover letter?more» 0 How to get a job at Quintiles? 0 Quintiles salary, bonus, benefit and other compensation Quintiles Submitted Nov 2 2011 By zengr8, 1 Answers What are the salary (or hourly pay, wage), bonus, benefits (medical, dental, life, etc) and retirement plan for Quintiles employees?", "If you work at Quintiles, how did you get in? How did you get the interview and offer from Quintiles? Any specific thing I need to pay attention to in resume and interview preparation?more» 0 Quintiles job application status? Quintiles Submitted Nov 3 2011 By rogersteinberg, 2 Answers I applied for a job at Quintiles. 0 Quintiles salary, bonus, benefit and other compensation Quintiles Submitted Nov 2 2011 By zengr8, 1 Answers What are the salary (or hourly pay, wage), bonus, benefits (medical, dental, life, etc) and retirement plan for Quintiles employees?", "Worldwide Opportunities. From entry-level candidates to seasoned professionals, Quintiles hires talent across a multitude of business functions. Whether your passion is corporate support, clinical drug development, customer engagement or sales – you can follow a defined career path or create your own. Quintiles has been named to the Fortune 500 list of largest U.S. companies ranked by revenue. Quintiles India was honored in the Bio Excellence Awards for outstanding achievements in Biotechnology. Recognized as one of the Best Multinational Workplaces in Europe." ], "url": [ "http://www.salarylist.com/company/Quintiles-Salary.htm", "http://www.indeed.com/cmp/Quintiles-Transnational", "http://www.salary.com/", "http://www.payscale.com/research/US/Employer=Quintiles_Transnational_Corp/Salary", "http://www.payscale.com/research/US/Employer=Quintiles%2c_Inc./Salary", "http://www.payscale.com/research/US/Employer=Quintiles_Transnational_Corp/Salary", "http://www.jobsandcareer.com/questions/company/Quintiles.html", "http://www.jobsandcareer.com/questions/company/Quintiles.html", "http://www.quintiles.com/careers" ] }

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[ "Photosynthetic" ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "However, not all organisms that use light as a source of energy carry out photosynthesis, since photoheterotrophs use organic compounds, rather than carbon dioxide, as a source of carbon. In plants, algae and cyanobacteria, photosynthesis releases oxygen. This is called oxygenic photosynthesis.", "Electrons from H2S flow to the oxidized reaction-center chlorophyll via an electron transport chain, which generates a proton gradient to make ATP. Thus green-sulfur bacteria use light energy to produce both ATP and reducing power; both are required for carbon fixation (reduction of CO2 to carbohydrate).", "Within this layer are structures called chloroplasts. With … in the chloroplasts are molecules called reaction centers, which contain the only type of molecules that can convert light energy into chemical energy. The process of converting light energy into chemical energy (ATP) is called photophosphorylation.", "The role of NADPH in oxygen-producing photosynthesis is to ____. a) supply hydrogen to the carbohydrate; b) supply carbon to the carbohydrate; c) supply energy that can be used to form a carbohydrate; d) transfer oxygens from the third phosphate group to the carbohydrate molecule; e) convert RuBP into PGA. 29.", "Photosynthesis is a process used by plants and other organisms to convert light energy, normally from the Sun, into chemical energy that can be later released to fuel the organisms' activities.", "Phototrophic organisms convert light energy into chemical energy in the form of ATP. Photosynthetic organisms (photoautotrophs) also use light energy to make both ATP and reduced electron carriers (NADH or NADPH), which are both required to reduce carbon dioxide (CO2) to carbohydrate (CH2O).", "Biological organisms use special molecules called enzymes to make and break chemical bonds to create, change and degrade carbohydrates. Both plants and animals have enzymes to change chemical bonds, but only plants (and some simple organisms) have the ability convert solar energy into chemical energy on their own. Plants use solar energy to combine carbon dioxide and water into ATP and", "Photosynthesis is the process by which plants, some bacteria, and some protistans use the energy from sunlight to produce sugar, which cellular respiration converts into ATP, the fuel used by all living things." ], "url": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photosynthesis", "http://bio1510.biology.gatech.edu/module-3-molecules-membranes-and-metabolism/08-converting-light-energy-into-chemical-energy/", "http://www.answers.com/Q/What_organism_can_convert_light_energy_into_chemical_energy", "http://www2.estrellamountain.edu/faculty/farabee/biobk/BioBookPS.html", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photosynthesis", "http://bio1510.biology.gatech.edu/module-3-molecules-membranes-and-metabolism/08-converting-light-energy-into-chemical-energy/", "http://cpast.org/Articles/fetch.adp?topicnum=21", "http://www2.estrellamountain.edu/faculty/farabee/biobk/BioBookPS.html" ] }

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[ "Are gram-negative bacteria that are nearly resistant to the carbapenem class of antibiotics, considered the drug of last resort for such infections." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1 ], "passage_text": [ "CRE are bacteria that are resistant to most antibiotics. Enterobacteriaceae is a family of bacteria. Many of these bacteria live in our environment (in soil or water). Some of them can get into our bodies and make us sick. Members of the Enterobacteriaceae family of bacteria can cause pneumonia, kidney and bladder infections, and bloodstream infections.", "CRE (carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae) bacteria are members of related bacterial genera that are commonly found almost everywhere in the world, often colonizing humans and animals (living in or on humans and animals mucosal surfaces, gastrointestinal tracts, and on some areas on the skin). However, CRE possess a unique genetic makeup that allows the bacteria to make an enzyme that protect CRE bacteria from a powerful antibiotic: carbapenem. The most notable genera that can share and even transfer this genetic trait to other members of the Enterobacteriaceae are E. coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae.", "Some CRE bacteria have become resistant to most available antibiotics. Infections with these germs are very difficult to treat, and can be deadly—one report cites they can contribute to death in up to 50% of patients who become infected. 1 Interim Duodenoscope Surveillance Protocol. 2 Interim Duodenoscope Sampling Method. Tracking CRE. CDC is working to better understand the true number of infections caused by these organisms in the US. Detect and Protect – CDC is funding some states who are testing the use of “Detect and Protect” strategies to find germs causing healthcare-associated infections (HAI) and prevent their spread.", "This resistance to carbapenem is not the only reason CRE bacteria are considered dangerous. CRE bacteria that reach the bloodstream have a mortality (death) rate of 40%-50%. CRE are transmitted person to person, usually by direct contact with contaminated feces, skin, or instruments used in hospitals. ", "CRE are bacteria that are resistant to most antibiotics due to the production of an enzyme called carbapenemase. Enterobacteriaceae is a family of bacteria and many of these bacteria live in our environment (such as soil or water). ", "CRE can be so deadly, because few antibiotics work against its different variations. That's what the name carbapenem-resistant means -- carbapenem is a class of antibiotics often used as a last resort against a bad bacterial infection. ", "CRE (carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae) infections come from bacteria that are normally found in a healthy person’s digestive tract. ", "Carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) Infection. CRE infections are most commonly seen in people with exposure to healthcare settings like hospitals and long-term care facilities, such as skilled nursing facilities, and long-term acute care hospitals. In healthcare settings, CRE infections occur among sick patients who are receiving treatment for other conditions. Some CRE bacteria have become resistant to almost all available antibiotics and can be deadly—one report cites they can contribute to death in up to 50% of patients who become infected.", "Carbapenem-resistant enterobacteriaceae (CRE) or Carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae (CPE) , are gram-negative bacteria that are nearly resistant to the carbapenem class of antibiotics, considered the drug of last resort for such infections. Enterobacteriaceae are common commensals and infectious agents. Carbapenem-resistant enterobacteriaceae (CRE) have been defined as carbapenem-nonsusceptible and extended-spectrum cephalosporin-resistant Escherichia coli, Enterobacter aerogenes, Enterobacter cloacae complex, Klebsiella pneumoniae, or Klebsiella oxytoca." ], "url": [ "http://www.vdh.virginia.gov/Epidemiology/factsheets/Carbapenem-Resistant_Enterobacteriaceae.htm", "http://www.medicinenet.com/cre_infection/article.htm", "http://www.cdc.gov/hai/organisms/cre/", "http://www.medicinenet.com/cre_infection/page2.htm", "http://www.ndhealth.gov/disease/Documents/faqs/CRE.pdf", "http://www.cnn.com/2015/02/19/health/cre-superbug-explainer/index.html", "http://www.apic.org/Resources/Topic-specific-infection-prevention/cre", "http://www.cdc.gov/hai/organisms/cre/cre-patients.html", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbapenem_resistant_enterobacteriaceae" ] }

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[ "Relative location refers to locating a place relative to other landmarks." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "By Matt Rosenberg. Definition: A location of a place in relation to another place (i.e. south or downhill). Examples: The relative location of Kansas City, Missouri is just east of Kansas City, Kansas.", "Canada is located in the North Western hemisphere. It continent is North America. relative location-arctic ocean is north of Canada, Atlantic east of Canada, United States S … outh of Canada and Pacific ocean West of Canada.", "For instance, latitude and longitude coordinates are an example of Absolute Location. Relative location is more general and can be used relative to the surroundings of the object. You could say something like, The post office is South of the diner on main street.", "Both relative location and absolute location are geographic terms used to describe the location of a place on the Earth's surface. They are each unique in their ability to pinpoint a location on Earth.", "Relative location is how you get a place from where you are or from another place you know. It is most useful for giving directions to people.", "First of all, when you say relative location, it refers to the identification of a particular location in relation to another. Say for instance you would want to know where Mall A is. Since you are not given the exact location, you will only be given its relative location.", "Relative Location. Relative location refers to locating a place relative to other landmarks. For example, you could give the relative location of St. Louis, Missouri as being in eastern Missouri, along the Mississippi River southwest of Springfield, Illinois. As one drives along most major highways, there are mileage signs indicating the distance to the next town or city.", "Canada is located in the North Western hemisphere. It continent is North America. relative location-arctic ocean is north of Canada, Atlantic east of Canada, United States S … outh of Canada and Pacific ocean West of Canada. 28 people found this useful." ], "url": [ "http://geography.about.com/od/geographyglossaryr/g/ggrelativeloca.htm", "http://www.answers.com/Q/What_does_relative_location_mean", "http://www.education.com/question/absolute-relative-location-geography-5th/", "http://geography.about.com/od/understandmaps/fl/What-is-The-Difference-Between-Relative-Location-and-Absolute-Location.htm", "http://www.answers.com/Q/What_is_relative_location", "http://www.qwhatis.com/what-is-relative-location/", "http://geography.about.com/od/understandmaps/fl/What-is-The-Difference-Between-Relative-Location-and-Absolute-Location.htm", "http://www.answers.com/Q/What_is_relative_location" ] }

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[ "Loin chops, the part of the goat between the lower ribs and low part of the back, are some of the most tender parts of the goat.", "Ribs, loins, and tenderloin goat meat are suitable for quick cooking, while other parts are best for long braising." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 1, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "Caribbean cultures often prefer meat from mature goats, which tend to be more pungent; the best meat comes from younger goats that are six to nine months old. Ribs, loins, and tenderloin goat meat are suitable for quick cooking, while other parts are best for long braising. Goat meat or goat's meat is the meat of the domestic goat (Capra aegagrus hircus) .", "Sukuti is a kind of jerky, while Sekuwa is made from roasted meat and often eaten with alcoholic beverages. In addition to these dishes, goat meat is often eaten as part of momos, thukpa, chow mein and other dishes in various parts of the country. Cabrito, a specialty especially common in Latin cuisines such as Mexican, Peruvian, Brazilian, and Argentine, is usually slow roasted. Goat meat or goat's meat is the meat of the domestic goat (Capra aegagrus hircus) .", "The Secret is to Take it Slow. Cabrito is meat from very young, milk fed goats between 4 and 8 weeks of age. The meat is tender, juicy, and very lean and tasty at this age. All parts of a cabrito are utilized, including the innards or organ meats", "1 For best quality, use ground or cubed goat meat (such as stew meat) within 2 days of purchase and larger cuts within 3 to 5 days, or freeze the meat at 0 °F or below. 2 It is safe to freeze meat in its original packaging. 3 If freezing longer than 2 months, overwrap as you would any food for long-term storage. 1 Keep meat in its package until it's ready to be used. 2 Take goat meat home immediately and refrigerate at 40 °F or below. 3 ", "Loin Chop. Loin chops, the part of the goat between the lower ribs and low part of the back, are some of the most tender parts of the goat. This cut of meat is perfect for grilling or sauteing. It can be easily marinated for grilling, which will further tenderize it, as well as sauteed with some butter or cooking oil. Jupiterimages/Photos.com/Getty Images. Goat meat is consumed mostly in Southeast Asia, the Caribbean, North Africa and Middle Eastern countries. Young goat meat is light and very tender, but the meat of older goats is darker and more flavorful.", "Goat meat. Goat meat has been part of the diet of people in most parts of the world for thousands of years, in fact, recent research indicates that the goat was the first animal domesticated by humans. It is still the most widely eaten meat in the world. ", "1 Take goat meat home immediately and refrigerate at 40 °F or below. 2 For best quality, use ground or cubed goat meat (such as stew meat) within 2 days of purchase and larger cuts within 3 to 5 days, or freeze the meat at 0 °F or below. 3 It is safe to freeze meat in its original packaging. 1 Keep meat in its package until it's ready to be used. 2 Take goat meat home immediately and refrigerate at 40 °F or below. 3" ], "url": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Goat_meat", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Goat_meat", "http://www.jackmauldin.com/cooking_with_goat.html", "http://www.fsis.usda.gov/wps/portal/fsis/topics/food-safety-education/get-answers/food-safety-fact-sheets/meat-preparation/goat-from-farm-to-table/ct_index", "http://www.ehow.com/info_8158095_meat-cuts-goat.html", "http://www.buyexoticmeats.com/goatmeat.html", "http://www.fsis.usda.gov/wps/portal/fsis/topics/food-safety-education/get-answers/food-safety-fact-sheets/meat-preparation/goat-from-farm-to-table/ct_index" ] }

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[ "Chromosome 17,chromosomes 7 and 12.", "Chromosome 17" ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 1 ], "passage_text": [ "Among the five remaining regions most associated with asthma (Table 1), only for chromosome 5q31 there was an obvious candidate gene under the association peak, the chemokine CXC motif ligand 14 (CXCL14) gene, which is thought to be a potent chemoattractant and activator of dendritic cells.", "These markers are located on chromosome 17, and children with this marker had higher levels of a new gene called ORMDL3 in their blood, which occurs in higher amounts in children with asthma. The presence of the disease-associated version of ORMDL3 increases the risk of asthma by 60-70 percent, the study suggests.", "Atopic (allergic) asthma is the most common disease of childhood and is strongly genetic in origin. Many genome-wide screens for asthma and its associated traits have now been carried out, and genetic linkage has been consistently identified in several regions.", "The CFTR gene is located on the long arm of chromosome 7 at position 7q31.2. Geneticists use maps to describe the location of a particular gene on a chromosome. One type of map uses the cytogenetic location to describe a gene’s position. The cytogenetic location is based on a distinctive pattern of bands created when chromosomes are stained with certain chemicals.", "A Small Change on Chromosome 17 Increases Asthma Risk by up to 2.3-fold. 1 in 10 people in the U.S. suffers from asthma and it's on the rise. Some reports say up to 1 in 4 urban children have asthma. Anyone who has ever seen an asthma attack knows how awful it is to see someone struggling to breathe.", "Asthma is a complex disease that causes wheezing, coughing, and shortness of breath. Researchers say many factors, including genetics and environmental factors, play a role in the cause of asthma. Until now, only one gene has been associated with childhood asthma, but many genes are thought to be involved.", "The regions on chromosomes 7 and 12 may coincide with the asthma and atopy loci on the same chromosomes. Polymorphism in the IL1 cluster on chromosome 2 has also been shown to influence the severity of the disease (95, 96).", "In addition, a genome screen in a mouse model of asthma found linkage to bronchial hyper-responsiveness on mouse chromosome 10 in the region of syntenic homology to human 12q (79). The facility with which many groups have identified linkage to this regions suggests that it is a true major atopy locus.", "In addition to confirming the previously identified asthma gene located on chromosome 17, researchers found another gene located on chromosome 1q31 was associated with an increased risk of childhood asthma in both children of European and African ancestry." ], "url": [ "http://www.nature.com/ejhg/journal/v19/n4/full/ejhg2010191a.html", "http://www.news-medical.net/news/2007/07/04/27146.aspx", "http://hmg.oxfordjournals.org/content/9/16/2359.long", "http://ghr.nlm.nih.gov/handbook/howgeneswork/genelocation", "http://genetics.thetech.org/original_news/news102", "http://www.webmd.com/asthma/news/20091228/new-gene-tied-to-childhood-asthma", "http://hmg.oxfordjournals.org/content/9/16/2359.long", "http://hmg.oxfordjournals.org/content/9/16/2359.long", "http://www.webmd.com/asthma/news/20091228/new-gene-tied-to-childhood-asthma" ] }

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[ "Parasternal and external intercostals" ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "When the diaphragm contracts in inspiration, initially the lower ribs are fixed and the dome of the diaphragm descends, thus increasing the vertical diameter of thorax. Respiration involves Inspiration and Expiration which are accompanied by the alternate increase and decrease of the volume of thoracic cavity.", "The diaphragm, a large dome-shaped muscle, lies just under the lungs. Its upward dome-shape flattens, moving downward and expanding the thoracic cavity, during inspiration. Th … e rib muscles simultaneously contract and pull the rib cage up and outward, further expanding the thoracic cavity. The increased volume of the thoracic cavity causes air to rush into", "The gaseous exchange phase of respiration consists of two phases: Inspiration and Expiration. These are accomplished by the alternate increase and decrease of the capacity of the thoracic cavity. The normal rate of respiration for a healthy adult individual is 16 to 20 breaths per minute.", "Muscles of Respiration. During quiet breathing, the predominant muscle of respiration is the diaphragm. As it contracts, pleural pressure drops, which lowers the alveolar pressure, and draws air in down the pressure gradient from mouth to alveoli.", "The diaphragm is the prime mover of inspiration. It flattens on contraction, increasing the vertical dimensions of the thorax, which draws air into the lungs. The external int … ercostals also contribute to inspiration. The internal intercostals and rectus abdominis are expiratory muscles.", "This increases thoracic volume in a vertical direction. Inspiration is aided by contraction of the parasternal and external intercostals, which raise the ribs when they contract and increase thoracic volume laterally. Other thoracic muscles become involved in forced (deep) inspiration.", "The diaphragm, a large dome-shaped muscle, lies just under the lungs. Its upward dome-shape flattens, moving downward and expanding the thoracic cavity, during inspiration. The rib muscles simultaneously contract and pull the rib cage up and outward, further expanding the thoracic cavity. The increased volume of the thoracic cavity causes air to rush into" ], "url": [ "http://teachinganatomy.blogspot.com/2013/07/respiratorymuscles.html", "http://www.answers.com/Q/Which_Muscles_are_involved_in_normal_quiet_inspiration", "http://www.mananatomy.com/body-systems/respiratory-system/mechanics-respiration", "http://oac.med.jhmi.edu/res_phys/Encyclopedia/MusclesOfResp/MusclesOfResp.HTML", "http://www.answers.com/Q/Which_Muscles_are_involved_in_normal_quiet_inspiration", "http://www.78stepshealth.us/human-physiology/inspiration-and-expiration.html", "http://www.answers.com/Q/What_muscles_are_involved_in_inspiration" ] }

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[ "A polyp is a projection (growth) of tissue from the inner lining of the colon into the lumen (hollow center) of the colon.", "A large precancerous polyp may lead to abdominal pain. Colon cancer is one of the deadliest types of cancer, but also one of the easiest to prevent through precancerous polyp screening.", "Is a small mass of tissue found most commonly on the inside of the digestive tract." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 1, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "The polyps without the potential to turn into cancer include small hyperplastic polyps, inflammatory polyps, and hamartomatous polyps which are not part of an inherited polyp syndrome. The precancerous polyp which can turn into a cancer is called an adenoma. The two most common types of colorectal polyps are hyperplastic polyps and adenomas. Usually, the larger the size of the adenoma, the greater the chance that there may be cancer or pre-cancerous cells present in the polyp. A colon polyp is a small growth on the inner lining of the large intestine, some of which can progress into cancer. Polyps may be scattered throughout the colon and vary in size from a few millimeters to several centimeters.", "A large precancerous polyp may lead to abdominal pain. Colon cancer is one of the deadliest types of cancer, but also one of the easiest to prevent through precancerous polyp screening. These 10 animal facts will amaze you. A precancerous polyp, or adenoma, is a small mass of tissue found most commonly on the inside of the digestive tract. As many as half of all people have some number of these lumps in their intestine. For the most part, these lumps are benign and never become malignant.", "... the goal of surgery is to remove the portion of the intestine that contains the cancerous or precancerous polyps. ... Colon Cancer www.lifescript.com/health/a-z/mayo/c/colon_cancer.aspx. Colon cancer most often begins as clumps of precancerous cells (polyps) on the inside lining of the colon ... If your cancer is small, localized in a polyp and in a very early stage, your doctor may be able to remove ... Larger polyps may be removed using endoscopic mucosal resection ... ", "Precancerous colon lesions. Precancerous growths in the colon most commonly appear as clumps of cells (polyps) that extend from the wall of the colon. Precancerous growths can also be flat or recessed into the wall of the colon (nonpolyps)", "A polyp is a projection (growth) of tissue from the inner lining of the colon into the lumen (hollow center) of the colon. Different types of polyps look different under the microscope. Polyps are benign (non-cancerous) growths, but cancer can start in some types of polyps. These types of polyps are not cancer, but are pre-cancerous (can turn into cancers). Someone who has had one of these types of polyps has an increased risk of later developing cancer of the colon. Most patients with these polyps, however, never develop cancer.", "Before a cancer develops, a growth of tissue or tumor usually begins as a non-cancerous polyp on the inner lining of the colon or rectum. A tumor is abnormal tissue and can be benign (not cancer) or malignant (cancer). A polyp is a benign, non-cancerous tumor. Some polyps can change into cancer but not all do. ", "Though a precancerous polyp by definition is not cancerous, some do become malignant over time, generally within five to ten years. Colon cancer is one of the deadliest types of cancer but also one of the easiest to prevent through precancerous polyp screening. Cancer restricted to the abdominal wall can effectively be cured through surgery. If left untreated, colon cancer can spread to nearby lymph nodes and become much more difficult to treat. These 10 animal facts will amaze you. A precancerous polyp, or adenoma, is a small mass of tissue found most commonly on the inside of the digestive tract. As many as half of all people have some number of these lumps in their intestine. For the most part, these lumps are benign and never become malignant.", "A precancerous polyp, or adenoma, is a small mass of tissue found most commonly on the inside of the digestive tract. These 10 animal facts will amaze you. A precancerous polyp, or adenoma, is a small mass of tissue found most commonly on the inside of the digestive tract. As many as half of all people have some number of these lumps in their intestine. For the most part, these lumps are benign and never become malignant." ], "url": [ "http://patients.gi.org/topics/colon-polyps/", "http://www.wisegeekhealth.com/what-is-a-precancerous-polyp.htm", "http://www.lifescript.com/health/centers/cancer/s.aspx?query=what+is+precancerous+polyps+%26+Cancer", "http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/colon-cancer/multimedia/precancerous-colon-lesions/img-20007714", "http://www.cancer.org/treatment/understandingyourdiagnosis/understandingyourpathologyreport/colonpathology/colon-polyps-sessile-or-traditional-serrated-adenomas", "https://www.sharecare.com/health/colon-cancer/pre-cancerous-indicators-colorectal-cancer", "http://www.wisegeekhealth.com/what-is-a-precancerous-polyp.htm", "http://www.wisegeekhealth.com/what-is-a-precancerous-polyp.htm" ] }

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[ "$15 to $25 per square foot." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1 ], "passage_text": [ "1 Removing a 10-foot section of asbestos pipe insulation could be $400-$650. 2 Some contractors have a minimum fee of $1,500-$3,000, no matter how small the job is. 3 And a complete removal in a 1,500 square foot home with asbestos everywhere--walls, floors, ceilings, attic, roof, pipes--could be as high as $20,000-$30,000.", "The cost for asbestos removal from other companies may be as much as $500 or more for a small amount of asbestos ceiling removal or to remove insulation around a 10-foot section of pipe. If you do a little research you will normally be able to reduce your overall asbestos removal cost.", "1 Have an independent inspector do an initial asbestos inspection; the White Lung Association says this costs $400-$800 for an average 1,500 square foot house, including lab fees; and a re-inspection at the end of the project can be $200-$400. 2 If lab work is done separately, a sample analysis averages $25-$75.", "1 And a complete removal in a 1,500 square foot home with asbestos everywhere--walls, floors, ceilings, attic, roof, pipes--could be as high as $20,000-$30,000.", "1 Some contractors have a minimum fee of $1,500-$3,000, no matter how small the job is. 2 And a complete removal in a 1,500 square foot home with asbestos everywhere--walls, floors, ceilings, attic, roof, pipes--could be as high as $20,000-$30,000.", "Average Cost of Removing Asbestos Floor Tiles. Let's start with the maximum amount you will have to pay. In case of a 2,000 sq. ft home, the cost will be in the range of $2,000 to $4,000. It can be approximately $2 per sq. ft for the whole thing.", "Cost. The cost of removing asbestos is around $15 to $25 per square foot, according to the White Lung Association. Cost Helper claims that some experts charge a minimum of $1,500 to $3,000 for removing the asbestos." ], "url": [ "http://home.costhelper.com/asbestos-removal.html", "http://asbestosremovalcost.org/", "http://home.costhelper.com/asbestos-removal.html", "http://home.costhelper.com/asbestos-removal.html", "http://home.costhelper.com/asbestos-removal.html", "http://www.buzzle.com/articles/asbestos-floor-tile-removal-cost.html", "http://www.ehow.com/facts_7839121_cost-vinyl-asbestos-floor-tile.html" ] }

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[ "Yawning is a reflex action, which causes us to open our mouth wide and inhale a large amount of air, which is then followed by its exhalation." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "Yawning is a mostly involuntary process and is usually triggered by sleepiness or fatigue. It is a very natural response to being tired. Yawning is the involuntary process of opening the mouth and inhaling deeply, filling the lungs with air. Some yawns are short, and some last for several seconds before an open-mouthed exhale. Watery eyes, tears, runny rose, stretching, or audible sighs may accompany yawning", "Yawning: When one opens their mouth for a deep inhalation usually involuntary. See detailed information below for a list of 18 causes of Yawning, Symptom Checker, including diseases and drug side effect causes. » Review Causes of Yawning: Causes | Symptom Checker ». ", "Yawning redirects here. For the fish species, see Yawning (fish) . A yawn is a reflex consisting of the simultaneous inhalation of air and the stretching of the eardrums, followed by an exhalation of breath. Yawning (oscitation) most often occurs in adults immediately before and after sleep, during tedious activities and as a result of its contagious quality. Another hypothesis is that yawns are caused by the same chemicals (neurotransmitters) in the brain that affect emotions, mood, appetite, and other phenomena. These chemicals include serotonin, dopamine, glutamic acid, and nitric oxide.", "The reason humans yawn is unknown, but common triggers include fatigue and boredom. Yawns sometimes occur when you see or hear someone else yawn or simply talk about yawning. Scientists now believe contagious yawning may have something to do with social communication (Brynie, 2011). It is a very natural response to being tired. Yawning is the involuntary process of opening the mouth and inhaling deeply, filling the lungs with air. Some yawns are short, and some last for several seconds before an open-mouthed exhale.", "Though the average one lasts only six seconds, and raises your heart rate by as much as 30%, yawning is still a phenomenon full of mystery often leaving researchers wondering what causes yawning and why people yawn when they do. ", "Yawning is a reflex action, which causes us to open our mouth wide and inhale a large amount of air, which is then followed by its exhalation. Though yawning is more commonly associated with boredom, fatigue, sleepiness, overwork or stress, many of us also yawn when we wake up or simply when see others yawn. Out of the various theories regarding what causes a yawn, the most important ones are given below. A yawn is contagious, in the sense that it can easily spread to the person who is observing the other person yawning.", "1 The physiological theory: Our bodies induce yawning to draw in more oxygen or remove a buildup of carbon dioxide. 2 This theory helps explain why we yawn in groups. 3 Larger groups produce more carbon dioxide, which means our bodies would act to draw in more oxygen and get rid of the excess carbon dioxide. ", "Yawning excessively is when the act of yawning occurs repeatedly or in close succession. When you yawn, your mouth opens and you take in a deep, long breath. Sometimes this is accompanied by a sigh. Yawning is a normal response by the body to drowsiness or fatigue. Yawning may also be triggered by observing someone else yawning. Yawning excessively may mean taking in this deep breath more often, generally more than a few times per minute. This can occur when you are tired, weary or drowsy. Some medications, such as those used to treat depression, anxiety or allergies, can cause excessive yawning.", "Causes of yawning a lot. The central cause of excessive yawning or yawning a lot is low CO2 (carbon dioxide) and oxygen levels in brain cells. Most modern people constantly have low brain and body oxygenation. Let us consider why. The physiological norm for breathing at rest (for adults) is only 6 L/min. " ], "url": [ "http://www.healthline.com/symptom/excessive-yawning", "http://www.rightdiagnosis.com/sym/yawning.htm", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yawn", "http://www.healthline.com/symptom/excessive-yawning", "http://reallyworks.org/blog/2009/01/29/what-causes-yawning-the-real-reason-why-people-yawn/", "http://www.buzzle.com/articles/what-causes-a-yawn.html", "http://science.howstuffworks.com/life/inside-the-mind/human-brain/question5721.htm", "http://www.healthgrades.com/symptoms/yawning-excessively", "http://www.normalbreathing.com/s/excessive-yawning.php" ] }

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[ "It is a part of the general insurance system of risk financing to protect the purchaser (the insured) from the risks of liabilities imposed by lawsuits and similar claims." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "1 CARRIER SHALL NOT BE LIABLE for any loss or damage to a shipment or for any delay caused by an act of God, the public enemy, the authority of law, the inherent vice of the goods or the act or default of the shipper. 2 The burden to prove freedom from negligence is on the Carrier or the party in possession. 1 In no event shall Carrier's maximum liability for used or reconditioned articles exceed the actual value or $5.00 per pound per package (including excess liability coverage), whichever is less, with a maximum of $10,000 per incident.", "Defining Carriers Liability. All carriers in New Zealand operate under the Carriage of Goods Act 1979. This piece of legislation defines the limits to liability that a carrier has for damage, regardless of whether that carrier has any insurance cover. This liability may only be contracted out of in writing prior to the cartage beginning.", "An insurer, or insurance carrier, is selling the insurance; the insured, or policyholder, is the person or entity buying the insurance policy. The amount of money to be charged for a certain amount of insurance coverage is called the premium. 1 Earthquake insurance is a form of property insurance that pays the policyholder in the event of an earthquake that causes damage to the property. 2 Most ordinary home insurance policies do not cover earthquake damage.", "Liability is for any type of damage that occurs to the goods whilst loading, unloading or in transit. If in transit for a lengthy period, Limited Liability Carriers Insurance only covers the first 30 days. The carrier must be notified in writing within 30 days of the occurrence of the damage for Limited Liabiliy Carriers Insurance to be available. This piece of legislation defines the limits to liability that a carrier has for damage, regardless of whether that carrier has any insurance cover. This liability may only be contracted out of in writing prior to the cartage beginning.", "In general, damage caused intentionally as well as contractual liability are not covered under liability insurance policies. When a claim is made, the insurance carrier has the duty (and right) to defend the insured. Liability insurance is designed to offer specific protection against third party insurance claims, i.e., payment is not typically made to the insured, but rather to someone suffering loss who is not a party to the insurance contract.", "UADV, ELCP, ELCC. 1 CARRIER SHALL NOT BE LIABLE for any loss or damage to a shipment or for any delay caused by an act of God, the public enemy, the authority of law, the inherent vice of the goods or the act or default of the shipper. 1 In no event shall Carrier's maximum liability for used or reconditioned articles exceed the actual value or $5.00 per pound per package (including excess liability coverage), whichever is less, with a maximum of $10,000 per incident.", "Liability insurance is a part of the general insurance system of risk financing to protect the purchaser (the insured) from the risks of liabilities imposed by lawsuits and similar claims. It protects the insured in the event he or she is sued for claims that come within the coverage of the insurance policy. Liability insurance is designed to offer specific protection against third party insurance claims, i.e., payment is not typically made to the insured, but rather to someone suffering loss who is not a party to the insurance contract.", "Australia's carriers' liability and insurance arrangements are outlined in the Civil Aviation (Carriers' Liability) Act 1959 (the CACL Act). The changes to air carriers' liability and insurance requirements effective 31 March 2013 include the following: 1 the increase of the domestic passenger liability cap and mandatory insurance requirements from $500,000 to $725,000 per passenger under the CACL Act;", "A common carrier is liable for all shipment loss, damage, and delay with the exception of that caused by act of God, act of a public enemy, act of a public authority, act of the shipper, and the goods' inherent nature. ", "Insurance is the equitable transfer of the risk of a loss, from one entity to another in exchange for money. It is a form of risk management primarily used to hedge against the risk of a contingent, uncertain loss. 1 Earthquake insurance is a form of property insurance that pays the policyholder in the event of an earthquake that causes damage to the property. 2 Most ordinary home insurance policies do not cover earthquake damage." ], "url": [ "http://www.fedex.com/us/freight/rulestariff/carrier_liability.html", "http://www.tigertransport.co.nz/Moving-Services/Free-Insurance/Defining-Carriers-Liability", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Insurance", "http://www.tigertransport.co.nz/Moving-Services/Free-Insurance/Defining-Carriers-Liability", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liability_insurance", "http://www.fedex.com/us/freight/rulestariff/carrier_liability.html", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liability_insurance", "https://infrastructure.gov.au/aviation/international/liability.aspx", "http://thelawdictionary.org/carrier-liability/", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Insurance" ] }

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[ "Steward or public official" ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "Bailey /bai-ley/ [2 sylls.] as a girls' name (also used less commonly as boys' name Bailey) is pronounced BAY-lee. It is of Old English origin, and the meaning of Bailey is berry clearing; bailiff; city fortification.", "Bailey is of Old English origin and it is used mainly in English. The name Bailey means 'bailiff; berry wood'. It is derived from baili meaning 'bailiff' ; baiulus 'porter, messenger ' ; beg ' berry ' ; leah ' wood, clearing, meadow '. It represents the transferred use of the job title and the surname as a given name.", "English Meaning: The name Bailey is an English baby name. In English the meaning of the name Bailey is: Steward or public official; man in charge. French Meaning: The name Bailey is a French baby name. In French the meaning of the name Bailey is: Steward or public official; man in charge. American Meaning: The name Bailey is an American baby name. In American", "Bailey is a very prominent first name for women (#1836 out of 4276, Top 43%) and also a very prominent surname for both adults and children (#66 out of 150436, Top 1%). (2000 U.S. Census). Charted below is the baby name popularity of Bailey for girls.", "Bailey /bai-ley/ [2 sylls.] as a boys' name (also used more widely as girls' name Bailey) is pronounced BAY-lee. It is of Old English origin, and the meaning of Bailey is berry clearing; bailiff; city fortification. Place name and transferred use of the surname.", "[ 2 syll. bai-ley, ba-il-ey ] The baby boy name Bailey is also used as a girl name, with the latter form being much more common. It is pronounced as B EY-Liy- †. Bailey is largely used in the English and German languages, and its origin is Old English. The name's meaning is bailiff; berry wood." ], "url": [ "http://www.thinkbabynames.com/meaning/0/Bailey", "http://www.babynamespedia.com/meaning/Bailey/f", "http://www.sheknows.com/baby-names/name/bailey", "http://www.thinkbabynames.com/meaning/0/Bailey", "http://www.thinkbabynames.com/meaning/1/Bailey", "http://www.babynamespedia.com/meaning/Bailey/m" ] }

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[ "Silica (silicon dioxide, SiO2) and carbon materials like coke, coal and wood chips." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "Silicone, by contrast, is a synthetic polymer made up of silicon, oxygen and other elements, most typically carbon and hydrogen. Silicone is generally a liquid or a flexible, rubberlike plastic, and has a number of useful properties, such as low toxicity and high heat resistance. Silicon is the 14th element on the periodic table. It's a metalloid, meaning it has properties of both metals and nonmetals, and is the second most abundant element in the Earth's crust, after oxygen.", "Silicon dioxide is the main ingredient of glass. Glass is made by melting silicon sand (also called quartz sand) with carbon at a high temperature (up to 4000 degrees Fahrenheit). When the glass forms, the mixture releases the carbon and oxygen as a gas (carbon monoxide).", "Measured by mass, silicon makes up 27.7% of the Earth's crust and is the second most abundant element in the crust, with only oxygen having a greater abundance. Silicon is usually found in the form of complex silicate minerals, and less often as silicon dioxide (silica, a major component of common sand). Over 90% of the Earth's crust is composed of silicate minerals, making silicon the second most abundant element in the Earth's crust (about 28% by mass) after oxygen.", "Silicon is the eighth most common element in the universe by mass, but very rarely occurs as the pure free element in nature. It is most widely distributed in dusts, sands, planetoids, and planets as various forms of silicon dioxide (silica) or silicates. Over 90% of the Earth's crust is composed of silicate minerals, making silicon the second most abundant element in the Earth's crust (about 28% by mass) after oxygen.", "Silicone caulk can be used as a basic sealant against water and air penetration. Silicones are polymers that include any inert, synthetic compound made up of repeating units of siloxane, which is a functional group of two silicon atoms and one oxygen atom frequently combined with carbon and/ or hydrogen. A true silicone group with a double bond between oxygen and silicon does not commonly exist in nature; chemists find that the silicon atom usually forms single bonds with each of two oxygen atoms, rather than a double bond to a single atom. Polysiloxanes are among the many substances commonly known as silicones.", "Silicon is a chemical element with symbol Si and atomic number 14. It is a tetravalent metalloid, more reactive than germanium, the metalloid directly below it in the table. Controversy about silicon's character dates to its discovery; it was first prepared and characterized in pure form in 1823. Over 90% of the Earth's crust is composed of silicate minerals, making silicon the second most abundant element in the Earth's crust (about 28% by mass) after oxygen.", "Raw Materials. Silicon metal is made from the reaction of silica (silicon dioxide, SiO2) and carbon materials like coke, coal and wood chips. Silica is typically received in the form of metallurgical grade gravel. This gravel is 99.5% silica, and is 3 x 1 or 6 x 1 in (8 x 3 cm or 15 x 3 cm) in size. In its oxide or silicate form, silicon is used to make concrete, bricks, glass, ceramics, and soap. Silicon metal is also the base material for making silicones used in such products as synthetic oils, caulks and sealers, and anti-foaming agents.", "It’s most commonly found as a silicate (SiO4, or one silicon atom bound to four oxygen atoms) and silica (SiO2, or one silicon atom bound to two oxygen atoms). Silica, in a rough and highly contaminated form, is the primary component of sand. Feldspar, granite, quartz, and more are all based on silicon-oxygen compounds. It’s most commonly found as a silicate (SiO 4, or one silicon atom bound to four oxygen atoms) and silica (SiO ", "Second only to oxygen, silicon is the most abundant element in Earth's crust. It is found in rocks, sand, clays and soils, combined with either oxygen as silicon dioxide, or with oxygen and other elements as silicates. In its oxide or silicate form, silicon is used to make concrete, bricks, glass, ceramics, and soap. Silicon metal is also the base material for making silicones used in such products as synthetic oils, caulks and sealers, and anti-foaming agents." ], "url": [ "http://www.livescience.com/37598-silicon-or-silicone-chips-implants.html", "http://study.com/academy/lesson/what-is-silicon-properties-uses-quiz.html", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silicon", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silicon", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silicone", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silicon", "http://www.madehow.com/Volume-6/Silicon.html", "http://www.extremetech.com/extreme/208501-what-is-silicon-and-why-are-computer-chips-made-from-it", "http://www.madehow.com/Volume-6/Silicon.html" ] }

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[ "So basically to become a cardiologist, you will need 4 years of undergraduate studies, then 4 years of medical school. You will then do a further 3 years residency program in internal medicine.You will then need to get a license from your state that enables you to practice medicine.You will then be required to do 3 years of residency where you concentrate on cardiology." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "So basically to become a cardiologist, you will need 4 years of undergraduate studies, then 4 years of medical school. You will then do a further 3 years residency program in internal medicine. You will then need to get a license from your state that enables you to practice medicine. You will then be required to do 3 years of residency where you concentrate on cardiology. How much does a cardiologist make. In the United States, the median cardiologist salary is reported to be $375,000 per year. The figure for the lowest 10th percentile is $251,000 per year and for the highest 10th percentile, the figure is reported to be $550,000. The middle 50% earns from $310,000 to $466,000.", "Education Requirements. The educational requirements to become a cardiologist are extensive. A cardiologist must have a medical doctorate degree. To achieve this, a candidate must attend four years of undergraduate school in order to earn a bachelor’s degree, often focusing on courses in biology, chemistry, and physics. Certification. A cardiologist who desires to become even more specialized by becoming an interventional cardiologist, they may pursue advanced certification through the American Board of Internal Medicine.", "Postgraduate Training. After completing medical school, training cardiologists go on to complete a 3 year residency program in internal medicine. These programs are typically paid and allow residents to gain hands-on experience under the supervision of licensed physicians. ", "Cardiologists may find positions within hospitals, private practices and universities. In order to become a cardiologist, one must undergo four years of medical school as well as three years of internal medicine training. Finally, one must complete three more years of what is called specialized training. Pediatric Cardiologist: Job Description & Career Requirements. Learn what pediatric cardiologists do. Find out the education and training required to become one. See what the career outlook...", "Step 2: Graduate from Medical School. You need to complete four years of medical school to earn your Medical Doctor (M.D.) degree or Doctor of Osteopathic Medicine (D.O.) degree. Either designation can qualify you to practice cardiology. Cardiology fellowships generally take 3-4 years to complete. You'll spend part of your time gaining clinical skills by completing cardiology rotations and part of your time conducting basic or clinical research.", "After your residency, you'll need to apply for a fellowship program in pediatric cardiology. Typically, fellowships last three years and are designed to prepare you for board certification in the subspecialty of pediatric cardiology. The first step to becoming a pediatric cardiologist is to obtain a bachelor's degree. Although not a requirement of all medical schools, a major in pre-med or a science related major, such as biology or chemistry, is highly recommended.", "How to Become a Cardiologist in 5 Steps. Research what it takes to become a cardiologist. Learn about education requirements, job duties, average wages and job outlook to find out if this is the career for you. Schools offering Cardiovascular Sonography degrees can also be found in these popular choices. Cardiology fellowships generally take 3-4 years to complete. You'll spend part of your time gaining clinical skills by completing cardiology rotations and part of your time conducting basic or clinical research.", "Additional Requirements. Aspiring cardiologists typically complete residencies in internal medicine and fellowships specializing in cardiology. The time it takes to complete these training programs varies for each school; residencies and fellowships are often 3-4 years in length. Pros and Cons of Becoming a Cardiologist. Cardiologists are internal medicine physicians specializing in the heart and blood vessels. Learn more about some pros and cons you'll want to consider when making your career choice.", "A cardiologist must typically complete a three year residency program in internal medicine, and then obtain a fellowship in cardiology; this stage will take an additional two to three years to complete. Certification. A cardiologist who desires to become even more specialized by becoming an interventional cardiologist, they may pursue advanced certification through the American Board of Internal Medicine.", "Step 5: Complete a Fellowship in Cardiology. Cardiology fellowships generally take 3-4 years to complete. You'll spend part of your time gaining clinical skills by completing cardiology rotations and part of your time conducting basic or clinical research." ], "url": [ "http://www.healthcareworkersalary.com/physicians/cardiologist-salary/", "http://www.wikiprofessional.org/Cardiologist", "http://study.com/articles/Cardiologist_Career_Profile_and_Educational_Requirements.html", "http://study.com/cardiologist_education.html", "http://learn.org/articles/Cardiology_Become_a_Cardiologist_in_5_Steps.html", "http://learn.org/articles/How_Can_I_Become_a_Pediatric_Cardiologist.html", "http://learn.org/articles/Cardiology_Become_a_Cardiologist_in_5_Steps.html", "http://learningpath.org/articles/Cardiologist_Career_Profile.html", "http://www.wikiprofessional.org/Cardiologist", "http://learn.org/articles/Cardiology_Become_a_Cardiologist_in_5_Steps.html" ] }

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[ "Roanoke Island has a significant place in American history as the first attempt at an English settlement in the New World." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "Roanoke Island’s history is legendary. Long before Jamestown and Plymouth were settled, the island played host to the first English-speaking colonists in America.", "Many theories exist about the settlers' fate on Roanoke Island, but none has been fully substantiated. One view is that the colonists sought refuge with neighboring Native Americans (probably the Coharie tribe) and were absorbed through intermarriage.", "John White, the governor of the Roanoke Island colony in present-day North Carolina, returns from a supply-trip to England to find the settlement deserted. White and his men found no trace of the 100 or so colonists he left behind, and there was no sign of violence.", "Jamestown, Va., is located at the James River, a Chesapeake Bay tributary. This colony on Roanoke Island was the first English settlement in the New World. In 1587, shortly after the arrival of the colonists, John White's daughter gave birth to the first child of European parents to be born on American soil. Her name was Virginia Dare.", "Roanoke Island has a significant place in American history as the first attempt at an English settlement in the New World. However, not many are aware of the important role that the island had in the preservation of a united country during the Civil War.", "Roanoke Island is an island in Dare County on the Outer Banks of North Carolina, United States. It was named after the historical Roanoke Carolina Algonquian people who inhabited the area in the 16th century at the time of English exploration.", "Roanoke Island is one of the three oldest surviving English place-names in the U.S. Along with the Chowan and Neuse rivers, it was named in 1584 by Captains Philip Amadas and Arthur Barlowe, sent by Sir Walter Raleigh.", "Roanoke Island has been known in European-American history for its significance as the site of Sir Walter Raleigh 's establishing of an English settlement with his Roanoke Colony in 1585 and 1587.", "Main article: Roanoke Colony. Roanoke Island was the site of the 16th-century Roanoke Colony, the first English colony in the New World. It was located in what was then called Virginia, named in honor of England's ruling monarch and Virgin Queen, Elizabeth I." ], "url": [ "http://roanokeisland.net/history/", "http://www.u-s-history.com/pages/h602.html", "http://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/roanoke-colony-deserted", "http://serc.si.edu/education/resources/watershed/stories/roanoke.aspx", "https://civilwargroupb.wordpress.com/2010/10/27/the-significance-of-roanoke-island/", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roanoke_Island", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roanoke_Island", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roanoke_Island", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roanoke_Island" ] }

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{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "You get a sense of what makes you feel full and what’s high in nutrients. The average cost of the program for a month is $716 which is reasonable for a commercial diet program. This includes food, weekly group meetings, access to the Weight Watchers website. That averages out to about $90 a pound. This weight loss kit will help you lose an average of 10 pounds per month. This Shape Kit is $99.00 per month or $3.30 per day and is a ‘ Meal Replacement ‘ weight loss kit, replacing 2 of your Meals each day.", "No matter whether you have five pounds to lose, 50 pounds, or 100 pounds, you will find staff at Biotek dedicatedly advises you about healthy foods, exercises and nutrition. Biotek Center for Weight Loss is associated with following industry(s) : Specialty Outpatient Clinics-Weight Loss Clinic, With Medical Staff. Additional products and services include: Diet, Nutrition & Weight Management, Weight Control Service, Weight Loss & Control Programs. Biotek® Center for Weight Loss succeeds because it solves the reasons diets and other programs fail. Recommended by Southwest Florida's best physicians, Biotek® Center for Weight Loss provides the finest weight loss programs and services available by any weight loss center.", "Even if you were to have ONLY 50% of Rod or LayKyn’s Weight Loss Success, your Cost would still only reach the maximum of $25.00 per Pound lost using the Transformation Kit, which is still much lower than the other programs listed above! This weight loss kit will help you lose an average of 10 pounds per month. This Shape Kit is $99.00 per month or $3.30 per day and is a ‘ Meal Replacement ‘ weight loss kit, replacing 2 of your Meals each day.", "I do not understand why a person does not have the choice to think about such a huge financial purchase. They said the program was $25.00/week and said that if I choose to use the facility may well have been at her weight loss goal today as it has been 6 months since she came to us. That price is $600 NOT $2,000. Signed papers for this weight loss clinic, changed mind due to the cost within minutes and have been refused a refund even thou nothing was received. Went to BioTek 9/23/2014 for a free weight loss consultation because I was VERY distraught over my weight. Days before this, I had an incident happen to me and knew that I had to lose weight for my health. My results at this center were even more depressing", "As far as the cost of food for Weight Watchers, if you spend about $100 a week for groceries, that's $400 a month. So whether you spend more or less, I think $300 to $500 is pretty reasonable for most people. It's awesome that you only spend $250 a month! crazylovevbug 4 years. Each day costs $1.50 for three snack bars, $3.60 for two shakes, and one 500-calorie balanced meal that you provide ($143 a month plus the cost of food for 28 meals). Weight Watche", "Weight loss for those on Qsymia averaged 6.7kg (a little less than 15 pounds). Based on the cost and weight-loss data, the average cost per kilogram lost ranged from $155 per kg for Weight Watchers to $338 or more for Jenny Craig. Qsymia came in at $232 per kg. Average weight loss at one year ranged from 2.4 kg (about 5 pounds) for Weight Watchers to 7.4 kg (16 pounds) for Jenny Craig. Those on Orlistat lost 2.8 kg (a little more than 6 pounds) whereas those on Vtrim and Lorcaserin both lost an average of 3.2 kg (about 7 pounds).", "The Medical Weight Management Program is a serious, long-term weight management solution. The cost of the Medical Weight Management Program is higher than less intensive programs due to the length, complexity, and many facets of the program. However, during the first 16 to 20 weeks of the program, you will not need to purchase food, which will offset your cost. For more detailed information on the program cost, please call the location nearest you. We offer a weight loss program in Oakland, CA, as well as other locations. The program cost includes: " ], "url": [ "http://ebodybyvi.com/the-challenge/compare-weight-loss-programs/", "http://www.healthcarepick.com/news/weight-loss-center-reviews/biotek-center-for-weight-loss.html", "http://ebodybyvi.com/the-challenge/compare-weight-loss-programs/", "http://www.bbb.org/west-florida/business-reviews/weight-control-services/biotek-center-for-weight-loss-in-sarasota-fl-90014834/complaints", "http://www.popsugar.com/fitness/Weight-Loss-Program-Cost-Comparison-18896733", "http://corporate.dukemedicine.org/news_and_publications/news_office/news/study-compares-cost-effectiveness-of-weight-loss-programs-and-drugs", "http://www.kphealthyweight.com/costs.cfm" ] }

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{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "Cranial nerves are the nerves that emerge directly from the brain (including the brainstem), in contrast to spinal nerves (which emerge from segments of the spinal cord). Cranial nerves exchange information between the brain and parts of the body, primarily to and from regions of the head and neck. ", "The parasympathetic supply to the lungs travels via the vagus nerve and is relayed via the pulmonary plexus. From the plexus on each side, parasympathetic fibres pass into the lungs around pulmonary arteries; the ramification of the arteries is accompanied by a similar divergence of nerve fibres. ", "The vagus nerve is part of the group of cranial nerves responsible for innervation of structures derived from the branchial arches. It is also part of a group together with the glossopharyngeal and accessory nerves that passes through the jugular foramen which is termed the vagus group. Cranial nerves are those nerves which arise from the brain and brain stem rather than the spinal cord. Nerves arising from the spinal cord are the peripheral nerves. There are 12 pairs of cranial nerves and these pairs of nerves passage through foramina in the skull, either individually or in groups.", "Gross Anatomy. The vagus nerve is the longest cranial nerve. It contains motor and sensory fibers and, because it passes through the neck and thorax to the abdomen, has the widest distribution in the body. It contains somatic and visceral afferent fibers, as well as general and special visceral efferent fibers. (See Table 1, below.). Vagus nerve branches in the thorax. The inferior cardiac branch is also called the ramus cardiaci inferiors. On the right side, it arises from the trunk of the vagus as it lies beside the trachea. On the left side, it originates from the recurrent laryngeal nerve only.", "Vagus Nerve is one such cranial nerve that also happens to be the longest nerves in the body that innervates the throat, thorax, abdominal muscles and other organs and has several functions, which is why it is one of the most important parts of our nervous system. The vagus nerve is two nerves that go through the brain stem and enter different parts of the body such as the heart and the stomach. Vagus nerve leaves the brain stem from the rootlets present in the medulla that has been found to be caudal to the rootlets in the ninth carnial nerve.", "The Vagus Nerve is the tenth of the Twelve Cranial Nerves. The fibers consist of efferent motoric and parasympathetic fibers and afferent sensory fibers. In this article the pathways will be discussed. The word afferent means toward the centre, as in from a peripheral area of a limb to the central nervous system. The pathway for the efferent parasympathetic fibers of the vagus nerve is the following (From the Initiation in the brain to the termination in the periphery): 1 The dorsal vagal nucleus is situated behind the vagal nerve trigone and contributes the parasympathetic and viseroafferent fibers.", "Introduction to the Vagus Nerve. The vagus nerve is the paired tenth cranial nerve that branches out from the brain and supplies parts of the gastrointestinal system such as the stomach, and parts of the respiratory system such as the lungs. To supply vital organs, it has further to travel than the other cranial nerves. ", "The accessory nerve is part of the group of cranial nerves responsible for innervation of structures derived from the branchial arches. It is also part of a group together with the glossopharyngeal and vagus nerves that passes through the jugular foramen which is termed the vagus group. Cranial nerves are those nerves which arise from the brain and brain stem rather than the spinal cord. Nerves arising from the spinal cord are the peripheral nerves. There are 12 pairs of cranial nerves and these pairs of nerves passage through foramina in the skull, either individually or in groups.", "There are s omatic and visceral components to the sensory function of the vagus nerve. Somatic refers to sensation from the skin and muscles. This is provided by the auricular nerve, which innervates the skin of the posterior part of the external auditory canal and external ear. Viscera sensation is that from the organs of the body. The vagus nerve innervates: 1 Laryngopharynx – via the internal laryngeal nerve. The vagus nerve originates from the medulla of the brainstem. It exits the cranium via the jugular foramen, with the glossopharyngeal and accessory nerves (CN IX and XI respectively). Within the cranium, the auricular branch arises.", "The trigeminal nerve, CN V, is the fifth paired cranial nerve. It is also the largest cranial nerve. In this article, we shall look at the anatomical course of the nerve, and the motor, sensory and parasympathetic functions of its terminal branches. " ], "url": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cranial_nerves", "http://www.gpnotebook.co.uk/simplepage.cfm?ID=-939130819", "http://en.wikivet.net/Cranial_Nerves_-_Anatomy_%26_Physiology", "http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1875813-overview", "http://www.innovateus.net/innopedia/what-function-vagus-nerve", "https://www.kenhub.com/en/library/anatomy/the-vagus-nerve", "http://www.healthguideinfo.com/neurological-disorders/p67717/", "http://en.wikivet.net/Cranial_Nerves_-_Anatomy_%26_Physiology", "http://teachmeanatomy.info/head/cranial-nerves/vagus-nerve-cn-x/", "http://teachmeanatomy.info/head/cranial-nerves/trigeminal-nerve/" ] }

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[ "One of the most difficult vegetables in the world to grow, requiring a two-step growing process before it is ready to be enjoyed." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "Endive nutrition facts. Endive, commonly popular as escarole, is a green leafy-vegetable with a hint of bitter flavor. Nevertheless, this well-known salad plant is much more than just a leafy green; packed with numerous health benefiting plant nutrients such as vitamin C, vitamin A, etc.", "The word Endive is also sometimes used to refer to Belgian endive, which is a related vegetable but not the same. Belgian endive is a small, cylindrical head of lettuce with pale yellow leaves with slightly curly edges.", "Endive is closely related to and often confused with its cousin, chicory. There are three main varieties of endive: Belgian endive, curly endive and escarole. Belgian endive (also known as French endive or witloof) is a small (6 inch) cigar-shaped head of cream-colored, tightly packed slightly bitter leaves. Belgian endive is grown in complete darkness to prevent it from turning green.", "Endive (/ˈɛndaɪv/ or /ˈɑːndiv/ ; Cichorium endivia) is a leaf vegetable belonging to the genus Cichorium, which includes several similar bitter leafed vegetables. Species include endive (Cichorium endivia), Cichorium pumilum, and common chicory (Cichorium intybus).", "Summary. A relative of chicory, radicchio, and Belgian endive, endive is from the daisy family, native to Asia Minor. Sometimes it's called escarole, which is a similar leafy green, but with wider, flatter leaves.", "Endive is one of the most difficult vegetables in the world to grow, requiring a two-step growing process before it is ready to be enjoyed. The first growth takes about 150 days in the field, where the chicory grows from seed into a leafy green plant with a deep tap root.", "Endive is a member of the chicory family, which includes radicchio, escarole, frisee and curly endive. It has a crisp texture and a sweet, nutty flavor with a pleasantly mild bitterness — great served raw or cooked. So Special...It's Grown Twice.", "Endive is often described as a green leafy green vegetable that comes in curly or flat-leaf varieties, but that's not entirely true. To be precise, endive is the curly-leafed type, and escarole is the one with larger, flatter leaves." ], "url": [ "http://www.nutrition-and-you.com/endive.html", "http://culinaryarts.about.com/od/glossary/g/Endive.htm", "http://www.food.com/about/endive-239", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endive", "http://foodfacts.mercola.com/endive.html", "http://www.endive.com/what-is-endive", "http://www.endive.com/what-is-endive", "http://foodfacts.mercola.com/endive.html" ] }

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[ "The alternate route past the Sterkfontein Dam is not recommended. There are on-going road works on the R74. There are at least two STOP – GO areas with long waits." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "Published on Sep 4, 2013. This video reports on the condition of the road from Bergville to Harrismith, South Africa, as at early September 2013. This is the second report, the first was made in January 2013, since which time traffic control has been introduced (but may be only temporary) but no improvement in the road condition has taken place", "Attention all Gauteng Runtheberg-ers. As most of you know, the primary route to the Northern Berg from the Highveld takes you on the N3 past Harrismith and onto the R74 that runs alongside the spectacular Sterkfontein Dam and down the equally spectacular Oliviershoek pass on to the mountains. Take the N5 turn-off towards Bethlehem and then after a couple of km (or a few – but it’s obvious) the R74 to the left towards Phuthaditjhaba. After another couple of km (or another few – again obvious) turn left again staying on the R74 past the Sterkfontein Dam towards Bergville and the Drakensberg.", "GUIDE TO STERKFONTEIN DAM BACKGROUND This massive body of water is some 20km south west of Harrismith on the road to KwaZulu-Natal via Oliviershoek Pass. The land surrounding the dam is a nature reserve administered by the Free State Province, all amid magnificent mountain scenery. ", "From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. The Sterkfontein Dam, located just outside the town of Harrismith, in the Free State, province of South Africa, is part of the Tugela-Vaal Water Project, and located on the Nuwejaarspruit, a tributary of the Wilge River in the upper catchment area of the Vaal River. The Sterkfontein Dam is a highly effective reservoir, since it has the depth to store a large amount of water, with very little loss to evaporation. The Vaal Dam lake (reservoir) by comparison has a large surface area and is relatively shallow, which results in a higher rate of", "Harrismith Accommodation Harrismith Travel Guide See Map. The extended nature conservation area around the dam of Sterkfontein is characterised by rugged mountains, endless expanse and a lot of water. Besides long walks and hikes, it offers watersport and fishing facilities in the dam", "Sterkfontein Dam Nature Reserve, Free State. The 7 000ha water wonder in the Eastern Free State near Harrismith, known as the Sterkfontein Dam, is situated in a nature reserve with 12 000ha of conserved land offering several different veld types and a compelling variety of landscapes, activities and wildlife. Short drives from the Sterkfontein Dam Nature Reserve will bring you to places of interest such as the Basotho Cultural Village (55km) nestled in the heart of the Qwaqwa National Park, Camorhi Game Reserve, Golden Gate (60km) and Clarens (100km).", "Road Works Alerts. Coming from Gauteng: The alternate route past the Sterkfontein Dam is not recommended. There are on-going road works on the R74. There are at least two STOP – GO areas with long waits. Know what’s happening on the road:", "The dam receives its water via the Tugela-Vaal Project which is a pumped-storage scheme involving the net transfer of up to 630 million cubic metres (510,000 acre·ft) of water from KwaZulu-Natal. This is stored in the Sterkfontein Dam and released to the Vaal Dam via the Wilge River when needed. The Sterkfontein Dam is a highly effective reservoir, since it has the depth to store a large amount of water, with very little loss to evaporation. The Vaal Dam lake (reservoir) by comparison has a large surface area and is relatively shallow, which results in a higher rate of", "Route 2 – the direct way past Sterkfontein Dam and Oliviershoek Pass. From Harrismith Bergview 1-Stop get back onto the N3 towards Durban. Take the N5 turn-off towards Bethlehem and then after a couple of km (or a few – but it’s obvious) the R74 to the left towards Phuthaditjhaba. After another couple of km (or another few – again obvious) turn left again staying on the R74 past the Sterkfontein Dam towards Bergville and the Drakensberg. This is 18km from the 1-Stop in Harrismith and this is where the roadworks begi", "Aneen, South Africa. The location and the beautiful scenery. The easy access to facilities. Daya, South Africa. Location Hiking Boma Braai. Hemlall, South Africa. Situated within the Sterkfontein Dam Nature Reserve overlooking the dam, Qwantani is located 28 miles from Harrismith. The resort has an outdoor swimming pool, spa and offers free WiFi is available in public areas" ], "url": [ "http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=E6q2_9ENkmc", "http://www.runtheberg.co.za/r74-route-condition/", "http://www.fosaf.org.za/documents/Guide_to_Sterkfontein.pdf", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sterkfontein_Dam", "http://www.places.co.za/html/sterkdam.html", "http://www.southafrica.net/za/en/articles/entry/article-southafrica.net-sterkfontein-dam-nature-reserve", "http://www.mountainsplendour.co.za/plan-your-stay/road-works-alerts/", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sterkfontein_Dam", "http://www.runtheberg.co.za/r74-route-condition/", "http://www.booking.com/hotel/za/club-leisure-qwantani.html" ] }

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[ "Fungal diseases." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "Pathogenic fungi are fungi that cause disease in humans or other organisms. The study of pathogenic fungi is referred to as medical mycology .. Although fungi are eukaryotic organisms, many pathogenic fungi are also microorganisms. Fungicides, such as ziram are used to protect plants against fungal infections. ", "Fungal diseases are often caused by fungi that are common in the environment. Fungi live outdoors in soil and on plants and trees as well as on many indoor surfaces and on human skin. Most fungi are not dangerous, but some types can be harmful to health. Aspergillosis-Caused by the fungus Aspergillus and usually occurs in people with lung diseases or weakened immune systems. 1 Symptoms. 2 Risk and Prevention. 3 Diagnosis and Testing.", "Most of Fungus do not caused disease. However some of them do cause serious diseases. Diseases caused by fungi are usually on the skin, lung, mouth and vagina tract etc that can easily be reached by things in the environment. Fungi and Diseases. Fungi is a large group of eukaryotes, includes yeast, mushrooms, lichen, Penicillium fungus etc. Fungus are usually very small, and cannot be seen by the eye.", "1 Superficial mycoses are caused by fungi that grow on the surface of the skin or hair. 2 Cutaneous mycoses or dermatomycoses include such infections as athlete's foot and ringworm, where growth occurs only in the superficial layers of skin, nails, or hair. Fungal Diseases Fungal diseases are called mycoses and those affecting humans can be divided into four groups based on the level of penetration into the body tissues. (view-How Common are Fungal Diseases). 1 ", "Fungi is a form of infecting parasite. They can be hostile to plants, animals and humans and can produce disease in many ways. Skin irritants are most common and something that every person has experienced, dandruff, is caused by a fungal infection. Fungi exist as molds and yeasts. A fungal infection is called a mycosis, these can manifest as a local infection or a systemic infection. A very common fungal infection is caused by a yeast like fungus called Candida Albicans.", "Fungi cause many kinds of diseases in plants and animals. Diseases in humans caused by fungus infection range from skin disorders to serious illness. Fungal diseases like blastomycosis, coccidioidomycosis, and candidiasis in humans often attack the lungs. Thrush, a fungal disease of the throat, is found mainly in infants. Fungi exist as molds and yeasts. A fungal infection is called a mycosis, these can manifest as a local infection or a systemic infection. A very common fungal infection is caused by a yeast like fungus called Candida Albicans.", "Some fungi cause disease when they become human parasites. Two examples are fungi in the genera Candida and Trichophyton. 1 Candida are yeast that cause candidiasis, commonly called a “yeast infection.” The yeast can infect the mouth or the vagina (in females). Lesson Summary. 1 Most protist diseases in humans are caused by protozoa. 2 Protozoa make humans sick when they become human parasites. 3 Trypanosoma protozoa cause Chagas disease and sleeping sickness. 4 Giardia protozoa cause giardiasis, and Plasmodium protozoa cause malaria.", "Fungal diseases are often caused by fungi that are common in the environment. Most fungi are not dangerous, but some types can be harmful to health. Mild fungal skin diseases can look like a rash and are very common. Fungal diseases in the lungs are often similar to other illnesses such as the flu or tuberculosis. Some fungal diseases like fungal meningitis and bloodstream infections are less common than skin and lung infections but can be deadly. 1 Types of fungal diseases Read about different types of fungal diseases", "Of the thousands of species of fungi, a few can cause human disease. These fungi cause a wide range of illnesses, from minor skin conditions to life-threatening diseases. They produce two kinds of infections: systemic and superficial. " ], "url": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pathogenic_fungus", "http://www.cdc.gov/fungal/diseases/index.html", "http://www.endmemo.com/health/diseasefungi.php", "http://www.fungalinfectiontrust.org/fungaldis.html", "http://www.enotes.com/homework-help/what-some-diseases-caused-by-fungi-178503", "http://www.enotes.com/homework-help/what-some-diseases-caused-by-fungi-178503", "http://www.ck12.org/user:a3F1aWNrQHdlYmIub3Jn/section/Protists%252C-Fungi%252C-and-Human-Disease/", "http://www.cdc.gov/fungal/index.html", "http://www.humanillnesses.com/original/E-Ga/Fungal-Infections.html" ] }

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[ "Around $35.06 per hour" ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "The Occupational Therapy interest definitely has a built in cyclical reoccurance you can see from the interest graph below. Bureau of Labor Statistics information for states that an Occupational Therapist median salary in 2010 was $72,320 a year which is about $34.77 an hour. An occupational therapist typically requires a Master’s Degree in order to get this pay and a position in the job market. This will add around 36,400 jobs to the total occupational therapy job market from 2010 – 2020. Looking at the state by state salary information for Occupational Therapists you’ll see that the highest paying states pay as much as $100,000 year.", "(United States). Certified Occupational Therapy Assistants in the United States pull down an average of $25.41 per hour. Lower pay rates hover around $18.94 per hour, and the higher rates verge on $34.14. This group's pay is mainly influenced by location, followed by the specific employer and tenure. The average Rehabilitation Director brings home $87K per year. Going from Certified Occupational Therapy Assistant to Occupational Therapist Assistant is the transition that occurs most often in this field, and the average paycheck for Occupational Therapist Assistants is $45K.", "Average OTA Salary. The mean annual occupational therapy assistant salary is $53,090. The lowest 10% of occupational therapy assistant salaries are less than $32,970. The top 10% of occupational therapy assistant salaries reach more than $73,120. The job outlook for occupational therapy assistants is exceptionally good, as it is projected to grow at a rate of 43% between 2010 and 2020. Occupation Therapy Assistant Salary: Factors of Influence. In the past 2 years, the median annual wage of occupational therapy assistants has risen slightly over 4%, resulting in a pay increase from $51,010 to $53,240.", "(United States). Average Occupational Therapists in the United States make around $35.06 per hour. Earnings generally vary between $26.37 per hour and $46.17. While the particular city and the individual firm impact pay for this group, career length is the most influential factor", "Occupational therapy assistants earned a mean salary of $53,090 in 2012, which is about $23,000 less than occupational therapists. However, OT assistants earn more than other health care jobs on our list, including medical assistants ($30,550) and home health aides ($21,830). The average salary of an occupational therapy assistant working in Fort Worth, Texas is $76,710.", "An occupational therapy assistants salary depends on factors such as which state you live in, who your employer is, how much experience you have, and the type of facility you work in. According to the Bureau of Labor and Statistics, the job outlook for occupational therapy assistants is excellent. The lowest 10 percent earned less than $36,420, and the top 10 percent earned more than $76,790. Occupational therapy assistants can earn more money if they are experienced in certain areas. For example, OTAs who are trained to work with children may have an easier time finding a job at a pre-school.", "Occupational therapy assistants earned a median salary of $55,270 in 2013, according to the BLS. The lowest-paid in the field took home less than $34,870 in 2013, while the best-paid made upward of $74,000. The most lucrative sectors are in ambulatory health care and home health care. The average salary of an occupational therapy assistant working in Fort Worth, Texas is $76,710.", "The average annual salary for OTAs is $56,950, according to a BLS report from May 2014. The lowest 10 percent earned less than $36,420, and the top 10 percent earned more than $76,790. Occupational therapy assistants can earn more money if they are experienced in certain areas. For example, OTAs who are trained to work with children may have an easier time finding a job at a pre-school.", "For example the median expected annual pay for a typical Certified Occupational Therapist Assistant in the United States is $54,017 so 50% of the people who perform the job of Certified Occupational Therapist Assistant in the United States are expected to make less than $54,017. What is the average annual salary for Certified Occupational Therapist Assistant? The annual salary for someone with the job title Certified Occupational Therapist Assistant may vary depending on a number of factors including industry, company size, location, years of experience and level of education." ], "url": [ "http://salarybystate.org/healthcare/occupational-therapist-salary-by-state", "http://www.payscale.com/research/US/Job=Certified_Occupational_Therapy_Assistant_(COTA)/Hourly_Rate", "http://www.healthcaresalaryworld.com/what-is-occupational-therapy-assistant-salary/", "http://www.payscale.com/research/US/Job=Occupational_Therapist_(OT)/Hourly_Rate", "http://money.usnews.com/careers/best-jobs/occupational-therapy-assistant/salary", "http://www.otcareerpath.com/assistant/salary", "http://money.usnews.com/careers/best-jobs/occupational-therapy-assistant/salary", "http://www.otcareerpath.com/assistant/salary", "http://www1.salary.com/Certified-Occupational-Therapist-Assistant-salary.html" ] }

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[ "Organisms can be classified into one of three domains based on differences in the sequences of nucleotides in the cell's ribosomal RNAs (rRNA), the cell's membrane lipid structure, and its sensitivity to antibiotics." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "The domains are Archaea, Bacteria, and Eukarya. The domain Archaea has one kingdom: Archaea. The domain Bacteria has one kingdom: Bacteria. The domain Eukarya has four kingdo … ms: Protists, Fungi, Plants, and Animals. There are a total of 3 domains and 6 kingdoms", "Answers. Best Answer: Short answer: cell type, cell wall type, plasma membrane lipid composition. Long answer: The microbal evolutionist Carl Woese proposed a radical reorganization of the five kingdoms into three domains. He then split the former kingdom of Monera into the Eubacteria (bacteria) and the Archaea (archaebacteria) domains. The three domains then are the Archaea, the Bacteria, and the Eukarya. Members of Bacteria and Archaea are prokaryotes: single-celled organisms lacking true nuclei and other membrane-enclosed organelles. Bacteria and archaea, however, differ in cell wall characteristics and membrane lipid composition. They also differ in RNA polymerase structure and, therefore, protein synthesi", "What characteristics are used to place an organism in the domain bacteria? already exists. already exists as an alternate of this question. exists and is an alternate of. Does The Flash borrow any elements from the 1990s TV show? Which is a characteristic of something in the domain Bacteria? What is a characteristic of something in the domain ... The DNA of a prokaryotic cell is not contained in a nucleus. A prokaryotic cell also has a cell wall made of murin, which is often covered by a slime capsule, to stop the cell … drying out. 6 people found this useful. Answered.", "The current system, the Three Domain System, groups organisms primarily based on differences in ribosomal RNA structure. Ribosomal RNA is a molecular building block for riboso … mes. Under this system, organisms are classified into three domains and six kingdoms. The domains are Archaea, Bacteria, and Eukarya. The kingdoms are Archaebacteria (ancient bacteria), Eubacteria (true bacteria), Protista, Fungi, Plantae, and Animalia. The DNA of a prokaryotic cell is not contained in a nucleus. A prokaryotic cell also has a cell wall made of murin, which is often covered by a slime capsule, to stop the cell … drying out. 6 people found this useful. Answered.", "Currently, taxonomist place organisms in one of three domains. In this classification scheme, prokaryotes are placed in either the domain Bacteria or Archaea. The prokaryotes that you will examine in this laboratory are classified in the domain Bacteria and kingdom Bacteria. ", "What criteria are used to place organisms into their domains and kingdoms? ____________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________ 2. Use the chart in your notes to help answer these questions. All bacteria are unicellular and do not have a nucleus – prokaryotes. The general structure of archaea and bacteria are the same, but the composition or some structures are different in archaea. Archae differ in the composition of their cell wall --- the cell wall does not contain peptidoglycan.", "1. Phylogeny refers to the evolutionary relationships between organisms. 2. Organisms can be classified into one of three domains based on differences in the sequences of nucleotides in the cell's ribosomal RNAs (rRNA), the cell's membrane lipid structure, and its sensitivity to antibiotics. 3. The three domains are the Archaea, the Bacteria, and the Eukarya. 4. Prokaryotic organisms belong either to the domain Archaea or the domain Bacteria; organisms with eukaryotic cells belong to the domain Eukarya. 5. Microorganism transfer genes to other microorganisms through horizontal gene transfer-the transfer of DNA to an organism that is not its offspring. ", "Classifying Organisms-an Intro to Domains and Kingdoms. 1. Why biologists organize things into groups (classification).2. Levels of classification with examples.• Domain • Kingdom• Phylum• Class• Order• Family• Genus• Species3. The characteristics used to classify organisms into domains and kingdoms. Tweet. ", "From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. A phylogenetic tree based on rRNA data, showing the separation of bacteria, archaea, and eukaryotes. The three-domain system is a biological classification introduced by Carl Woese et al. in 1977 that divides cellular life forms into archaea, bacteria, and eukaryote domains. The three-domain system adds a level of classification (the domains) above the kingdoms present in the previously used five-or-six-kingdom systems." ], "url": [ "http://www.answers.com/Q/What_three_characteristics_are_used_to_place_organisms_into_domains_and_kingdoms", "https://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20060924180559AAESANz", "http://www.answers.com/Q/What_characteristics_are_used_to_place_an_organism_in_the_domain_bacteria", "http://www.answers.com/Q/What_characteristics_are_used_to_place_an_organism_in_the_domain_bacteria", "http://www.saddleback.edu/faculty/steh/bio3bfolder/bio3blabbacteriacharacteristics.pdf", "http://sites.jackson.k12.ga.us/egunderson/files/2014/04/Classification-and-Kingdoms-worksheet.pdf", "http://faculty.ccbcmd.edu/courses/bio141/lecguide/unit1/3domain/3domain.html", "https://prezi.com/r6ye13suhub_/classifying-organisms-an-intro-to-domains-and-kingdoms/", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Three-domain_system" ] }

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[ "The normal range for heart rates was 60–100 BPM." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "1 Your heart rate is the number of times per minute that the heart beats. 2 Heart rate rises significantly in response to adrenaline if a person is frightened or surprised. 3 Taking a person's pulse is a direct measure of heart rate. 1 A normal adult resting heart beat is between 60-100 heartbeats per minute. 2 Some experienced athletes may see their resting heartrate fall below 60 beats per minute. 3 Tachycardia refers to the heart beating too fast at rest-over 10", "Even if you’re not an athlete, knowledge about your heart rate can help you monitor your fitness level — and it might even help you spot developing health problems. Your heart rate, or pulse, is the number of times your heart beats per minute. Normal heart rate varies from person to person. Knowing yours can be an important heart-health gauge. ", "The heart rate can vary according to the body's physical needs, including the need to absorb oxygen and excrete carbon dioxide. Activities that can provoke change include physical exercise, sleep, anxiety, stress, illness, ingesting, and drugs. The normal resting adult human heart rate ranges from 60–100 bpm. Tachycardia is a fast heart rate, defined as above 100 bpm at rest. Bradycardia is a slow heart rate, defined as below 60 bpm at rest. During sleep a slow heartbeat with rates around 40–50 BPM is common and is considered normal. When the heart is not beating in a regular pattern, this is referred to as an arrhythmia. These abnormalities of heart rate sometimes indicate disease.", "Heart rate, also known as pulse, is the number of times a person's heart beats per minute. A normal heart rate depends on the individual, age, body size, heart conditions, whether the person is sitting or moving, medication use and even air temperature. Even emotions can have an impact on heart rate. For children ages 6 to 15, the normal resting heart rate is between 70 and 100 bpm, according to the AHA. But a heart rate lower than 60 doesn’t necessarily mean you have a medical problem. Active people often have lower heart rates because their heart muscles don't need to work as hard to maintain a steady beat.", "Bradycardia was defined as a heart rate less than 60 beats per minute when textbooks asserted that the normal range for heart rates was 60–100 BPM. The normal range has since been revised in textbooks to 50–90 BPM for a human at total rest. Bradycardia is a slow heart rate, defined as below 60 bpm at rest. During sleep a slow heartbeat with rates around 40–50 BPM is common and is considered normal. When the heart is not beating in a regular pattern, this is referred to as an arrhythmia. These abnormalities of heart rate sometimes indicate disease.", "A normal resting heart rate for adults ranges from 60 to 100 beats a minute. Generally, a lower heart rate at rest implies more efficient heart function and better cardiovascular fitness. For example, a well-trained athlete might have a normal resting heart rate closer to 40 beats a minute. To measure your heart rate, simply check your pulse. Place your index and third fingers on your neck to the side of your windpipe.", "1 Have students keep a record of their heart rates for one week by taking their pulse a few times a day. 2 Note time of day and activity at the time. 3 The amount of time the heart takes to return to a normal at-rest rate after exercise is called recovery time. 4 This is a measure of the body's general fitness. The normal pulse rate varies with age. Below is a chart listing the range of heart rates and average heart rate for various ages. With exercise or physical activity, the heart rate increases to supply the muscles with more oxygen to produce extra energy.", "Results continued... The chart below shows the normal range of a resting heart rate (pulse rate after resting 10 minutes) in beats per minute, according to age. Many things can cause changes in your normal heart rate, including your age, activity level, and the time of day", "For adults 18 and older, a normal resting heart rate is between 60 and 100 beats per minute (bpm), depending on the person’s physical condition and age. For children ages 6 to 15, the normal resting heart rate is between 70 and 100 bpm, according to the AHA. But a heart rate lower than 60 doesn’t necessarily mean you have a medical problem. Active people often have lower heart rates because their heart muscles don't need to work as hard to maintain a steady beat." ], "url": [ "http://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/235710.php", "http://www.heart.org/HEARTORG/Conditions/More/MyHeartandStrokeNews/All-About-Heart-Rate-Pulse_UCM_438850_Article.jsp", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heart_rate", "http://www.livescience.com/42081-normal-heart-rate.html", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heart_rate", "http://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/fitness/expert-answers/heart-rate/faq-20057979", "https://www.smm.org/heart/lessons/lesson1.htm", "http://www.webmd.com/heart-disease/pulse-measurement?page=3", "http://www.livescience.com/42081-normal-heart-rate.html" ] }

[]

[ "horse's gymnastic development" ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1 ], "passage_text": [ "Dressage. In Dressage competitions, horse and rider perform a series of predetermined movements, known as ‘figures’ or “movements” in an arena of either 20x60 metres or occasionally 20x40 metres. ", "The origins of classical dressage and collection lie in the natural ability of the horse and its movements in the wild. In fact, most modern definitions of dressage state that the goal is to have the horse perform under saddle with the degree of athleticism and grace that it naturally shows when free. Classical dressage evolved from cavalry movements and training for the battlefield, and has since developed into the competitive dressage seen today. Classical riding is the art of riding in harmony with, rather than against, the horse.", "There are a lot of confused people wondering just what dressage is all about and for some reason it is often explained in a way to make it sound more confusing. A horse likes showing off to other horses but it is difficult with a rider until the horse can learn to carry more weight with its hind legs and lighten the front end. Most horses are seen jogging with weight on the forehand, legs shuffling out behind and very little lift.", "Full Definition of DRESSAGE. : the execution by a trained horse of precision movements in response to barely perceptible signals from its rider. See dressage defined for English-language learners. ADVERTISEMENT. ", "W estern Dressage is defined as using classical dressage concepts and principles to train and develop the western rider and horse. The goal, specifically, is to develop cadence, balance, relaxation and the acceptance of the aids through the tried and true methods of classical dressage. From the young un-broke horse to the advanced schoolmaster, Western Dressage will pave the way for the building a solid lasting relationship between horse and rider. This steady progression of training is the key to building a safe confident horse.", "Western Dressage is not intended to build a dressage horse, or put a western saddle on a dressage horse. It is merely the means by which we improve the stock horse and develop a well-rounded, disciplined horse regardless of its breed. From the young un-broke horse to the advanced schoolmaster, Western Dressage will pave the way for the building a solid lasting relationship between horse and rider. This steady progression of training is the key to building a safe confident horse.", "WHATS DRESSAGE by Julie Newman. There are a lot of confused people wondering just what dressage is all about and for some reason it is often explained in a way to make it sound more confusing. My interpretation is that it is training to enhance the natural movement of the horse. A horse likes showing off to other horses but it is difficult with a rider until the horse can learn to carry more weight with its hind legs and lighten the front end. Most horses are seen jogging with weight on the forehand, legs shuffling out behind and very little lift.", "Dressage is occasionally referred to as Horse Ballet .. Although the discipline has ancient roots in Europe, dressage was first recognized as an important equestrian pursuit during the Renaissance. Dressage horses are turned out to a high standard. It is usual for horses to have their manes braided (also known as plaited). In eventing, the mane is always braided on the right; in competitive dressage, however, it is occasionally braided on the left, should it naturally fall there.", "At the peak of a dressage horse's gymnastic development, the horse will respond smoothly to a skilled rider's minimal aids. The rider will be relaxed and appear effort-free while the horse willingly performs the requested movement. Dressage horses are turned out to a high standard. It is usual for horses to have their manes braided (also known as plaited). In eventing, the mane is always braided on the right; in competitive dressage, however, it is occasionally braided on the left, should it naturally fall there." ], "url": [ "http://www.equestrian.org.au/Dressage", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Classical_dressage", "http://www.equiworld.net/uk/sports/dressage/dressage.htm", "http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/dressage", "http://westerndressageuniversity.org/index.php/what-is-western-dressage", "http://westerndressageuniversity.org/index.php/what-is-western-dressage", "http://www.equiworld.net/uk/sports/dressage/dressage.htm", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dressage", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dressage" ] }

[]

[ "It can be dealt with either in a Magistrates Court or before the Crown Court.", "Magistrates Court or the Crown Court." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "GBH, ABH and other Assaults. Criminal solicitors – our approach. GBH (Grievous Bodily Harm) is a serious offence. Clients accused of GBH will often be refused bail, and can have their lives and those of their families turned upside down by the threat of a trial and the possibility of a long prison sentence. Section 18 Assault, on the other hand, can only ever be dealt with in the Crown Court, and can result in a maximum sentence of life imprisonment, although sentences of more than 10 years for Section 18 are rare. This is assault resulting in harm such as scratches, bruises etc.", "A Tilehurst man charged with GBH has had his case committed to crown court. Mark Berriman, 27, of Overdown Road, is accused of unlawfully and maliciously wounding James Lewis in relation to an incident outside The Plough Inn, School Road, Tilehurst, on October 31 last year. ", "GBH (Grievous Bodily Harm – Section 18 and Section 20 Assault). To be convicted of this offence, the defendant must be proved to have committed really serious harm, or wounded another person (for example by stabbing with a knife). Section 18 Assault, on the other hand, can only ever be dealt with in the Crown Court, and can result in a maximum sentence of life imprisonment, although sentences of more than 10 years for Section 18 are rare. This is assault resulting in harm such as scratches, bruises etc.", "Section 20 Assault has a maximum sentence of 5 years imprisonment, and can even be dealt with in the Magistrates Court, although it is quite rare that the magistrates will prevent it from being transferred to the Crown Court. Section 18 Assault, on the other hand, can only ever be dealt with in the Crown Court, and can result in a maximum sentence of life imprisonment, although sentences of more than 10 years for Section 18 are rare. This is assault resulting in harm such as scratches, bruises etc.", "The maximum sentence for ABH is 5 years, and this offence can be dealt with in the Magistrates Court. In reality, defendants will rarely receive sentences anywhere near 5 years for this offence unless the attack, and defendants with no previous convictions will often not receive prison sentences. Section 18 Assault, on the other hand, can only ever be dealt with in the Crown Court, and can result in a maximum sentence of life imprisonment, although sentences of more than 10 years for Section 18 are rare. This is assault resulting in harm such as scratches, bruises etc.", "http://sentencingcoun...ine_-_Crown_Court.pdf. 'Ordinary' GBH is an 'either way' offence, which means that it can be dealt with either in a Magistrates Court or before the Crown Court. (GBH with intent has to be dealt with in the Crown Court). The fact that the case has been referred to the Crown Court indicates that the Magistrates have decided that their sentencing powers (of up to 6 months imprisonment) might not be great enough. What will a person get for gbh in crown court? Hi a friend of mine has been charged with gbh based on a fight he had a year and half ago.", "The magistrates' court hearing will be little more than a formality. ABH is an 'either way' offence, which can be heard either in a magistrates' court or before the Crown court. However, GBH is 'indictable only', which means that it must be dealt with in the Crown court. GBH with intent is regarded by the courts as roughly akin to 'attempted murder' and carries the same maximum penalty (life imprisonment).", "Assault occasioning actual bodily harm (often abbreviated to Assault O.A.B.H. or simply ABH) is a statutory offence of aggravated assault in England and Wales, Northern Ireland, the Australian Capital Territory, New South Wales, Hong Kong and the Solomon Islands. In England and Wales, a person guilty of assault occasioning actual bodily harm is liable, on conviction on indictment, to imprisonment for a term not exceeding five years, or on summary conviction to imprisonment for a term not exceeding six months, or to a fine not exceeding the prescribed sum, or to both.", "An offence of assault is tried in the magistrates' court, with a maximum fine of up to £5,000 and/or six months' imprisonment. If there is a racial element to the assault, the individual may be charged with racially aggravated assault under Section 29 of the Crime and Disorder Act 1998. In the Crown Court the penalty is two years' imprisonment, an unlimited fine or both. Where the charge is one of ABH,.The maximum sentence in the magistrates' court is six months' imprisonment, a fine of up to £5,000 or both. In the Crown Court the maximum sanction is five years' imprisonment, an unlimited fine or both." ], "url": [ "http://www.marymonson.co.uk/criminal-solicitors/gbh-abh-and-other-assaults/", "http://www.getreading.co.uk/news/local-news/gbh-case-committed-crown-court-4242520", "http://www.marymonson.co.uk/criminal-solicitors/gbh-abh-and-other-assaults/", "http://www.marymonson.co.uk/criminal-solicitors/gbh-abh-and-other-assaults/", "http://www.marymonson.co.uk/criminal-solicitors/gbh-abh-and-other-assaults/", "http://www.theanswerbank.co.uk/Law/Question1041755.html", "http://www.theanswerbank.co.uk/Law/Criminal/Question578109.html", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assault_occasioning_actual_bodily_harm", "https://uk.answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20061108125632AAmG4XN" ] }

[]

[ "$60 to $100" ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "The manufacturer's maintenance schedule for many automatic transmissions doesn't call for fresh fluid until 100,000 miles or, with some Ford transmissions, even 150,000 miles. A lot of mechanics say that is too long and it should be done at least every 50,000 miles. ", "The transmission fluid change cost will depend on what you will want to get done. As we have suggested, the filter should be replaced and the pan inspected. It is not absolutely necessary but we like to think in terms of the long haul. Once you learn how to do it yourself, you won’t ever have to waste extra money getting your car serviced at a shop again! On average you will be spending around $40 to $75 for the transmission fluid change cost if you do it yourself.", "If you drive an average car, like a sedan, the average transmission fluid change cost will be around $60 to $100. Not too shabby. Normally shops are less expensive than dealerships (dealers are know to pad bills), but be wary of what kind of shop you bring it to. Once you learn how to do it yourself, you won’t ever have to waste extra money getting your car serviced at a shop again! On average you will be spending around $40 to $75 for the transmission fluid change cost if you do it yourself.", "Parts: $25 - $49. The average cost for an automatic transmission fluid/filter change is between $151 to $209. Labor costs are estimated between $126 to $160 while parts are priced between $25 to $49. Get a personalized estimate based on your location and specific car. Estimate does not include taxes and fees. ", "A transmission fluid change is probably the most common service people get on their cars. In fact, a transmission fluid change is often referred to as a transmission service. There’s also the transmission flush though which some consider more effective. You can read more about the cost of a transmission flush here. But back to the topic at hand, it’s suggested that you get a fluid change every 30,000 to 60,000 miles, or once every 2 years. Once you learn how to do it yourself, you won’t ever have to waste extra money getting your car serviced at a shop again! On average you will be spending around $40 to $75 for the transmission fluid change cost if you do it yourself.", "Assuming automatic transmission: At a quick lube type place, with unknown brand of fluid-from about $30-60 depending if done as part of a general fluid change package or all by itself. If transmission fluid filters need replacing too (usually are changed with fluid change on an automatic transmission), more like $75-125 range. At dealer, using OEM parts and fluid, about twice to triple that. Normal auto repair shop about halfway in between those two. ", "Compare Professional Prices. Depending on the make and model of your car, you could spend anywhere from $70 to $250 (2010 price) for a transmission fluid change. The higher the car value, the more expensive the repair costs. AAA members may receive a discount for this service. ", "1 For example, CostHelper readers report paying $90-$378 for a transmission flush at a oil-and-lube or auto repair shop, at an average cost of $160; or $77-$295 at dealerships, at an average cost of $205; and a CostHelper reader in Nevada reported being charged $766 for a transmission fluid change on a Lamborghini Diablo. 1 Flushing a transmission with a pressurized machine can cost $125-$300 or more, and may include pushing a special cleaning compound through the system. 2 The power flush process typically replaces all of the transmission fluid, and can require 12-22 or more quarts" ], "url": [ "https://www.cars.com/articles/2013/07/do-you-really-need-to-change-the-transmission-fluid/", "http://transmissionrepairguy.com/transmission-fluid-change-cost/", "http://transmissionrepairguy.com/transmission-fluid-change-cost/", "http://repairpal.com/estimator/automatic-transmission-fluid-filter-change-cost", "http://transmissionrepairguy.com/transmission-fluid-change-cost/", "http://answers.angieslist.com/how-cost-change-transmission-fluid-q80893.aspx", "http://www.ehow.com/decision_6875408_much-transmission-fluid-change-cost_.html", "http://cars.costhelper.com/flush-transmission.html" ] }

[]

[ "Yes" ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "Foxglove, while very beautiful with its trumpet like blossoms, are very poisonous to dogs, cats, and even humans! Foxglove contains naturally-occurring poisons that affect the heart, specifically cardenolides or bufadienolides. ", "Foxglove (Digitalis purpurea) is a poisonous plant that is possibly fatal if ingested by humans, cats, dogs and horses. The poisonous ingredient in foxglove is cardio glycosides, which can cause a heart attack. Also found in oleander, cardio glycosides most often are fatal for children and the elderly, who may also experience long-term side effects.", "Poisoning by foxglove plants typically only occurs when animals or humans ingest any part of the plants, such as when children or pets eat the appealing flowers or drink rainwater or runoff from the plant. It is also possible to be poisoned by using foxglove in an herbal preparation. Foxglove flowers bloom from May to June in shades of pink, purple or white. Foxglove plants freely self-seed under favorable conditions, which means it can establish itself in your garden and persist for years like a perennial plant. Although it is native to Europe, foxglove is widely cultivated in the United States.", "The best-known species is the common foxglove, Digitalis purpurea. This biennial plant is often grown as an ornamental plant due to its vivid flowers which range in colour from various purple tints through various shades of light gray, and to purely white. The flowers can also possess various marks and spottings. Digitalis (/ˌdɪdʒɨˈteɪlɨs/ or /ˌdɪdʒɨˈtaelɨs/) ˌdɪdʒɨˈtælɨs is a genus of about 20 species of herbaceous, perennials, shrubs and biennials commonly called. Foxgloves this genus was traditionally placed in the figwort Family, scrophulariaceae but recent phylogenetic research has placed it in the much enlarged Family. plantaginaceae", "Taxonomy of Foxglove Plants: Plant taxonomy classifies foxglove flowers as Digitalis purpurea. Plant Type: Foxglove plants are classified as biennial: leaves form a rosette close to the ground the first year, succeeded by a spike with blooms the second, and final year. Foxglove plants are among the most poisonous plants commonly grown on the landscape. Do not grow them if small children will be spending time in the yard. More: Name Origin, Medicinal Use: According to the University of Arkansas Cooperative Extension, The name foxglove is from the old English name foxes glofa..", "All parts of the foxglove are poisonous. Hemera Technologies/AbleStock.com/Getty Images. The foxglove looks pretty, but it's also pretty deadly for people and pets. It is the source of digitalis, a traditional heart medicine that cures if given in correct doses, and kills in larger amounts. ", "Description. Foxglove is an herbaceous biennial plant from the family Plantaginaceae. It has hairy foliage and spikes of flowers that are thimble-like in shape. Foxglove flowers bloom from May to June in shades of pink, purple or white. Foxglove plants freely self-seed under favorable conditions, which means it can establish itself in your garden and persist for years like a perennial plant. Although it is native to Europe, foxglove is widely cultivated in the United States.", "The sap, flowers, seeds, stems, roots and leaves of the foxglove plant are all toxic if ingested. The largest concentration of the toxin that makes foxglove poisonous occurs in vigorously growing shoots. Even if the plant parts are dried or boiled, the toxic ingredients remain active. Foxglove flowers bloom from May to June in shades of pink, purple or white. Foxglove plants freely self-seed under favorable conditions, which means it can establish itself in your garden and persist for years like a perennial plant. Although it is native to Europe, foxglove is widely cultivated in the United States.", "Foxgloves in the landscape. Dried foxglove stem (like the one that poisoned me). The roots, sap, flowers, seeds, pollen, and leaves of foxglove are all poisonous-even when dried. I know because I was poisoned when I accidentally inhaled the dried seeds and pollen. The upper leaves of the stem are more dangerous than the lower leaves. Foxglove is most toxic just before the seeds ripen. It tastes spicy hot or bitter and smells slightly bad. This plant is so poisonous that ingesting only .5 gram dried or 2 grams of fresh leaf is enough to kill a person.", "Identification. Unlike other poisonous plants, foxglove is easy to spot in the wild and hard to confuse with other plants. Foxglove is a biennial herb with 3-inch-long drooping flowers that are tubular in shape. Flowers may be purple, pink, rose, yellow or white with spot marks within each tube. The poisonous ingredient in foxglove is cardio glycosides, which can cause a heart attack. Also found in oleander, cardio glycosides most often are fatal for children and the elderly, who may also experience long-term side effects." ], "url": [ "http://www.petpoisonhelpline.com/poison/foxglove/", "http://www.ehow.com/info_8318289_foxglove-plant-poisonous.html", "http://homeguides.sfgate.com/foxglove-toxic-70940.html", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digitalis", "http://landscaping.about.com/od/plantsforshadyareas/p/foxglove_plants.htm", "http://dogcare.dailypuppy.com/foxgloves-dangers-dogs-5566.html", "http://homeguides.sfgate.com/foxglove-toxic-70940.html", "http://homeguides.sfgate.com/foxglove-toxic-70940.html", "http://whatscookingamerica.net/Information/Foxglove.htm", "http://www.ehow.com/info_8318289_foxglove-plant-poisonous.html" ] }

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[ "The average salary of radiographer is around $43,000, while the hourly rate ranges from $14 to $28." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "The average annual salary for a radiography technician with less than 2 years of work experience ranges from between $19,727 – $64,564 per year whereas the one with more than 20 years of work experience earns an average salary ranging from between $46,607 – $50,879 per year. Radiography technician salary in UK. According to all salary survey, the average expected salary for a radiography technician in the United Kingdom is about £30,738 per annum whereas the median salary is about £30,000 per year. An average hourly wage for a radiography technician is around £15.37 per hour.", "Statistics. Radiographers earned an average salary of $56,760 per year, or $27.29 per hour, as of May 2011, according to the Bureau of Labor Statistics. The highest-paid 10 percent earned over an average $77,760 per year, or $37.39 per hour. It also had the second-highest average annual pay, $68,650, or $33 per hour. Texas was next for employment with 15,450 jobs at a mean $54,010 per year, or $25.96 hourly. The state with highest salaries was Massachusetts, at a mean yearly $80,630, or $38.77 hourly.", "Effect of Experience. Radiographers can expect a steady increase in compensation as they gain experience and become more productive and more valuable to their employer. At six to 10 years' experience, the average salary rises to $51,169 per year. Radiographers with 16 to 20 years of clinical experience averaged wages of $59,396 per year. Grizzled veterans with 30 years' experience or more commanded the highest wages, at $64,201 per year. Related Reading: Salary Scale for a Sonographer & Radiographer. Education correlates to promotion within the department, as well. Staff-level radiographers averaged $49,633 per year, while supervisors reported average salaries of $64,673. Cross-training in another discipline can also bring a quick increase in income.", "Average radiographer salary. PayScale has identified the average salary of radiographer is around $43,000, while the hourly rate ranges from $14 to $28. In the 2010 data of the US Bureau of Labor Statistics, the median annual wage of a radiographer was at $54,340. PayScale reports that a radiographer’s salary ranges from $32,444 to $63,322m. On an hourly basis, they can earn as high as $28.31, and with overtime can earn as much as $45.44 per hour. The minimum, however, is at $14.87. Years of experience in the industry also greatly matter.", "Salary Overview. The national average salary for radiologic technologists was $56,450 in May 2013, according to the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS). In addition, PayScale.com reported a salary range of $33,086-$60,608 for radiographers in April 2014. Factors that have the largest impact on average salaries include specialty, employer and geographical location. According to the BLS, the states with the highest average salaries for all radiologic technologists in May 2013 were Massachusetts ($68,890), California ($72,030) and Alaska ($68,920).", "Average radiography technician. The median expected yearly salary for an average radiography technician in the United States ranges from between $31,000-$49,000 whereas an average hourly wage ranges from between $16-$25 per hour. Radiography technician salary in UK. According to all salary survey, the average expected salary for a radiography technician in the United Kingdom is about £30,738 per annum whereas the median salary is about £30,000 per year. An average hourly wage for a radiography technician is around £15.37 per hour.", "(United Kingdom). A Radiographer earns an average salary of £25,974 per year. A skill in Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) is associated with high pay for this job. Most people move on to other jobs if they have more than 20 years' experience in this field. " ], "url": [ "http://www.healthcare-salaries.com/technicians/radiography-technician-salary", "http://work.chron.com/salaries-radiography-careers-9284.html", "http://work.chron.com/starting-salary-radiographer-after-graduation-8830.html", "http://www.healthcare-salaries.com/allied-health-professionals/radiographer-salary", "http://learn.org/articles/What_is_the_Average_Salary_for_Radiographers.html", "http://www.healthcare-salaries.com/technicians/radiography-technician-salary", "http://www.payscale.com/research/UK/Job=Radiographer/Salary" ] }

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{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "SUMMARY. Mauritius. Mauritius has growing tourist, financial, and industrial sectors since its independence in year 1968. The country has developed from a low income country based on agriculture to middle income country with diversified economy. Mauritius ranks among the worlds most successful developing democracies. ", "Jobs by Salary Range. Browse jobs by salary rates and pay scales as compiled by the Salary.com salary experts. Compensation ranges and salary levels, are determined for the best job salary comparison. Different job salary info is available for all payscales. Job pay structure for: base pay salary information, job market salary level. ", "The Mauritius Institute of Education offers training to new and experienced teachers at the preprimary through secondary levels. Preprimary teachers are required to hold a Cambridge School Certificate and complete a training course. ", "1 ACCA members can expect their salary to increase strongly during their career and earn significantly more than the national average. 2 61% of our members surveyed got a salary increase in the last 12 months. 3 Members are positive about future salary increases – 60% expect a pay increase in the next year. ", "Explore Thousands of Jobs. Dive into the most extensive database of job salaries available. In addition, see detailed job descriptions and get information on job satisfaction, job demographics, common job skills and how pay varies over time and between locations. ", "The salary range should reflect employer needs such as the overlap in salary ranges that will allow career development and pay increases without promotion at each level and the percentage of increase the organization will offer an employee for a promotion. The number of people available to perform a specific job in the employer’s region, competition for employees with the needed skills and education, and the availability of jobs, in general help employers set the salary range for a particular job.", "Definition: Salary range is the range of pay that has been established to be paid to employees performing a particular job or function. Salary range generally has a minimum pay rate, a maximum pay rate, and a series of mid-range opportunities for pay increases. The number of people available to perform a specific job in the employer’s region, competition for employees with the needed skills and education, and the availability of jobs, in general help employers set the salary range for a particular job.", "1 Longevity steps may be included in the salary scales where local conditions so justify. 2 At other locations, provision is made for one long-service step in addition to the regular steps for each grade. 3 To qualify, staff must have been at the top of their grade for five years and have a minimum of 20 years' service. 1 Level of salaries: Staff in these categories are paid on a local basis. 2 The level of salaries is established in accordance with Flemming Principle which provides that the conditions of service for locally recruited staff should reflect the best prevailing conditions found locally for similar work.", "Salary.com has high income, high salary, jobs across its job categories. The high salary range focuses mainly on the levels of director job salary, supervisor job salary, executive director job salary. Salary.com high class of income is the second highest salary range offered in the jobs browsable by salary section. Click a salary category to find jobs in your target salary range. Six Figure Income jobs ($100,000+). High Income jobs ($80,000 - $100,000). Upper Middle Income jobs ($50,000 - $80,000).", "The salary range for executive-level positions is normally the largest; the salary range for lower-level positions is normally the narrowest. Many companies participate in salary market surveys to create a trustworthy resource for salary research. The number of people available to perform a specific job in the employer’s region, competition for employees with the needed skills and education, and the availability of jobs, in general help employers set the salary range for a particular job." ], "url": [ "http://www.averagesalarysurvey.com/mauritius", "http://www1.salary.com/Salary-Ranges.html", "http://education.stateuniversity.com/pages/976/Mauritius-TEACHING-PROFESSION.html", "http://www.accaglobal.com/gb/en/qualifications/accountancy-career/ACCA-member-salary.html", "http://www.payscale.com/research/MU/Country=Mauritius/Salary", "http://humanresources.about.com/od/glossarys/g/salary_range.htm", "http://humanresources.about.com/od/glossarys/g/salary_range.htm", "http://www.un.org/depts/OHRM/salaries_allowances/salary.htm", "http://www1.salary.com/High-Income-Salaries.html", "http://humanresources.about.com/od/glossarys/g/salary_range.htm" ] }

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[ "Google has revealed the most popular searches for people around the world looking for universities." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1 ], "passage_text": [ "Google Trends now ranks most searched people, places and things in 40+ categories, releases visual trending product.", "Here are the most searched people/things on Google 2015! Please like to encourage me to make more! For collaborations and business inquiries, please contact via Channel Pages: http://ChannelPages.com/lofangas.", "Follow Business Insider: You've seen Google's annual lists of trendy search terms, featuring things like robin williams, world cup, and ebola , but those show only the most unusually popular terms, not the most popular terms overall. In fact, the most popular searches are a lot more basic.", "0. Google released its list of the most searched people of 2013 on Tuesday, and not surprisingly, Miley Cyrus received the coveted No. 1 spot. From twerking to sticking her tongue out, to making music videos in the nude, the 20-year-old has certainly given people something to talk about.", "Today, Google releases a new and improved version of the product with new charts, updated monthly, of the most-searched people, places and things in more than 40 categories with the ability to filter by 11 countries. PR companies and their customers now have another metric to be highly aware of.", "The Top 10 Google Searches of 2014. Google unveils the people, books, and tech gadgets the world searched for the most in 2014. By Graham Winfrey. By Graham Winfrey. Graham Winfrey is a staff writer for Inc.com.", "Google released its list of the most searched people of 2013 on Tuesday, and not surprisingly, Miley Cyrus received the coveted No. 1 spot. From twerking to sticking her tongue out, to making music videos in the nude, the 20-year-old has certainly given people something to talk about.", "Google has revealed the most popular searches for people around the world looking for universities." ], "url": [ "http://thenextweb.com/google/2013/05/22/google-trends-now-ranks-the-most-searched-people-places-and-things-in-40-categories/", "http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Od_tKAscap8", "http://www.businessinsider.com/heres-what-people-really-search-for-most-on-google-2015-3", "http://www.ibtimes.com/who-googles-most-searched-celebrity-2013-top-10-list-revealed-1512316", "http://thenextweb.com/google/2013/05/22/google-trends-now-ranks-the-most-searched-people-places-and-things-in-40-categories/", "http://www.inc.com/graham-winfrey/the-top-10-google-searches-of-2014.html", "http://www.ibtimes.com/who-googles-most-searched-celebrity-2013-top-10-list-revealed-1512316", "http://www.bbc.com/news/business-29240959" ] }

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[ "A competency framework defines the knowledge, skills, and attributes needed for people within an organization.", "A competency framework is a document that identifies the skills needed to perform a job within an organization. The main goal of a competency framework is to clearly identify and communicate the skills an employee needs to thrive in a job." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "Creating a competency framework is an effective method to assess, maintain, and monitor the knowledge, skills, and attributes of people in your organization. The framework allows you to measure current competency levels to make sure your staff members have the expertise needed to add value to the business. 1 Use a pre-set list of common, standard competencies, and then customize it to the specific needs of your organization. 2 Use outside consultants to develop the framework for you. 3 Create a general organizational framework, and use it as the basis for other frameworks as needed.", "A ‘competency framework’ is a structure that sets out and defines each individual competency (such as problem-solving or people management) required by individuals working in an organisation or part of an organisation. In line with the approach taken in a number of CIPD publications, the term 'competency' is preferred in this factsheet except when specifically referring to the use of occupational standards (that is, an 'outcome-based' approach) in which case the term 'competence' is used.", "A competency framework defines the knowledge, skills, and attributes needed for people within an organization. Each individual role will have its own set of competencies needed to perform the job effectively. To develop this framework, you need to have an in-depth understanding of the roles within your business. 1 Use a pre-set list of common, standard competencies, and then customize it to the specific needs of your organization. 2 Use outside consultants to develop the framework for you. 3 Create a general organizational framework, and use it as the basis for other frameworks as needed.", "Skills listed within a competency framework are often relative to the employee's past performance to encourage on-the-job improvement for the employee. Competencies that require the employee to constantly improve include taking initiative and learning. The framework competency components will differ for each position. This type of framework is similar to a competency profile, except it identifies only the skillset necessary for performing a job and does not identify individual employee competencies within a profile. A competency profile will identify employee competency levels in addition to listing required competencies", "A competency framework is a document that identifies the skills needed to perform a job within an organization. The main goal of a competency framework is to clearly identify and communicate the skills an employee needs to thrive in a job. Once a framework of competencies is defined, employees can be evaluated based on how they meet those competency requirements. The framework competency components will differ for each position. This type of framework is similar to a competency profile, except it identifies only the skillset necessary for performing a job and does not identify individual employee competencies within a profile. A competency profile will identify employee competency levels in addition to listing required competencie", "You create a competency framework or model for your organization and for each position in your organization by identifying the key abilities required to improve performance and achieve success. ", "The purpose of CIEEM’s competency framework is to: 1 specify the component competences for the profession and the knowledge and skills on which they are based; 2 enable the identification of competence-based professional role profiles and definitions; ", "Framework Components. Because a competency framework must align with a business’s vision and long-term goals, specific competencies vary between businesses. Despite this, the four-tier structure of the framework generally is similar for all. Businesses of all sizes benefit when human resources management operates within a competency framework. For one thing, a well-defined framework allows HR to become a vital contributor to organizational success through business partnerships and workforce leadership.", "A competency framework is a model that broadly defines the blueprint for ‘excellent’ performance within an organisation or sector. Generally the framework will consist of a number of competencies, which can be generically applied to a broad number of roles within the organisation or sector. There is often confusion between the terms competence and competency. In truth the two terms mean the same thing, in that they are both used as a word that means: a required behaviour within a job role." ], "url": [ "https://www.mindtools.com/pages/article/newISS_91.htm", "http://www.cipd.co.uk/hr-resources/factsheets/competence-competency-frameworks.aspx", "https://www.mindtools.com/pages/article/newISS_91.htm", "http://www.wisegeek.com/what-is-a-competency-framework.htm", "http://www.wisegeek.com/what-is-a-competency-framework.htm", "http://www.halogensoftware.com/learn/how-to/the-basics-of-competency-management", "http://www.cieem.net/competency-framework", "http://smallbusiness.chron.com/competency-framework-strategic-hrm-82008.html", "https://participatoryartslearning.wordpress.com/the-framework/what-is-a-competency-framework/" ] }

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[ "$2.13" ]

{ "is_selected": [ 1, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "$1.98update. There are 151 Regular gas price reports in the past 5 days in Nashville, TN. The average Regular gas price in Nashville, TN is $2.13, which is $0.66 lower than U.S. national average Regular gas price $2.79. The lowest Regular gas price is $1.92 of Shell located at 3696 Bell Rd, Nashville, TN 37214. The highest Regular gas price is $2.8 of Marathon located at 4663 Trousdale Dr, Nashville, TN 37204.", "Governmental or Franchised Utilities. Get connected with all of the essential utilities for your home or business located in Davidson County. 1 Cable Television: Comcast. 2 Cable Television: AT&T U-verse. 3 Electric: Nashville Electric Service. 4 Apply for residential service. 5 Apply for business service. 6 Gas: Piedmont Natural Gas.", "CNGPrices.com found 4 public Liquefied Propane Gas (LPG) stations in Nashville, TN. A map is shown below. We also found that there are 7 public Liquefied Propane Gas (LPG) stations within 25 miles of Nashville and there are 15 public Liquefied Propane Gas (LPG) stations within 50 miles of Nashville. Click here to show a map of these stations." ], "url": [ "http://www.gaspricewatch.com/TN-tennessee/Nashville/gas-prices/page-1/2.htm", "http://www.nashville.gov/Live/Utilities.aspx", "http://www.cngprices.com/stations/LPG/Tennessee/Nashville/" ] }

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[ "Lymph nodes refer to small glands of the immune system, which are spread across the body along lymphatic system and appear as small bulbs. They filter lymph and assist the immune system in building an immune response." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "Other organs and the lymphatic system. The lymphatic system also consists of other organs like the spleen that lies on the above left sided part of the abdomen. It acts like a large filter to remove worn out and damaged red blood cells from the blood and recycle them. This lymph aids in clearing the tissues of infective organisms, toxins etc. The basic structure and functions of the lymphatic system can be broken into the lymph channels. The lymph nodes, lymph and other organs.", "B-cells and T-cells are lymphocytes found in lymph nodes and lymph tissues. When B-cell lymphocytes become activated due to the presence of a particular antigen, they create antibodies that are specific to that specific antigen. The antigen is tagged as an intruder and labeled for destruction by other immune cells. Lymphoma is the term used for cancer that begins in the lymphatic system. This type of cancer originates in the lymphocytes that inhabit lymph nodes and lymph tissues. Lymphomas are grouped into two main types: Hodgkin's lymphoma and Non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) .", "Lymph nodes serve two major functions in the body. They filter lymph and assist the immune system in building an immune response. Lymph is a clear fluid that comes from blood plasma that exits blood vessels at capillary beds. This fluid becomes the interstitial fluid that surrounds cells. Lymphoma is the term used for cancer that begins in the lymphatic system. This type of cancer originates in the lymphocytes that inhabit lymph nodes and lymph tissues. Lymphomas are grouped into two main types: Hodgkin's lymphoma and Non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) .", "1. List the functions of the lymphatic vessels. The function of the lymphatic vessels, or lymphatics, is an elaborate system of drainage vessels that collect the excess protein-containing interstitial fluid and return it to the bloodstream. 2. Describe the structure and distribution of lymphatic vessels. ", "Functions of the lymphatic system include (3): 1 Drainage of fluid from blood stream into the tissues – The circulating blood through narrow vessels leads to leakage of fluid or plasma into the tissues carrying oxygen and nutrients to the tissues and carrying waste materials from the tissues into the lymph channels. This lymph aids in clearing the tissues of infective organisms, toxins etc. The basic structure and functions of the lymphatic system can be broken into the lymph channels. The lymph nodes, lymph and other organs.", "Lymph nodes refer to small glands of the immune system, which are spread across the body along lymphatic system and appear as small bulbs. Recognized as the battalion of B, T, and similar immune cells. 1 Lymph Filtration: Lymph, the white fluid, is drained and gathered from the adjacent parts of the nodes. 2 In specific terms, the afferent lymphatic vessels supply unfiltered body fluid to the node for filtration.", "The lymphatic system consists of lymphatic fluid (called lymph ) flowing through a system of lymphatic vessels, including lymphatic capillaries, other lymphatic vessels of various sizes (which can be compared with blood vessels), and lymph nodes (which are encapsulated masses of B Cells and T Cells). : This page is part of the section about the structure and function of different Tissue Types, which is related to the section about Histology and Cells (incl. structure of animal cells, cell division, mitosis, meiosis).", "This picture shows the regions of the lymph node where the blood stream (arteries and veins) anter a typical lymph node. For the lymphatic system to function properly in its defensive role, the lymph nodes must be able to dump their leukocytes (infection fighting cells) quickly into the general blood stream. ", "View full size image. The lymphatic system is a network of tissues and organs that help rid the body of toxins, waste and other unwanted materials. The primary function of the lymphatic system is to transport lymph, a fluid containing infection-fighting white blood cells, throughout the body. The lymphatic system primarily consists of lymphatic vessels, which are similar to the circulatory system's veins and capillaries. ", "The lymphatic system is basically a channel that carries a clear or whitish fluid called the lymph. This lymph aids in clearing the tissues of infective organisms, toxins etc. The basic structure and functions of the lymphatic system can be broken into the lymph channels. The lymph nodes, lymph and other organs." ], "url": [ "http://www.news-medical.net/health/Structure-and-function-of-lymph-nodes.aspx", "http://biology.about.com/od/anatomy/ss/lymph-nodes.htm", "http://biology.about.com/od/anatomy/ss/lymph-nodes.htm", "http://www.easynotecards.com/print_list/12663", "http://www.news-medical.net/health/Structure-and-function-of-lymph-nodes.aspx", "http://lymphnode.net/lymph-nodes-exploring-its-structure-and-functions", "http://www.ivyroses.com/HumanBody/Tissue/Tissue_Lymphatic-Tissue.php", "https://www-s.acm.illinois.edu/sigbio/project/updated-lymphatic/lymph7.html", "http://www.livescience.com/26983-lymphatic-system.html", "http://www.news-medical.net/health/Structure-and-function-of-lymph-nodes.aspx" ] }

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[ "Excretion of large amounts of severely dilute urine." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "Although they have a common name, diabetes mellitus and diabetes insipidus are two entirely separate conditions with unrelated mechanisms. Both cause large amounts of urine to be produced (polyuria), and the term diabetes is derived from the Greek word meaning siphon. Those with DI continue to urinate large amounts of dilute urine in spite of water deprivation. In primary polydipsia, the urine osmolality should increase and stabilize at above 280 Osm/kg with fluid restriction, while a stabilization at a lower level indicates diabetes insipidus.", "A diminution in the amount of urine through reduction in the quantity of water can seldom be brought about, as experience has shown that diabetics bear this very poorly, and if it is insisted upon simply disobey. On the other hand the reverse often obtains. There are some rare cases of diabetes mellitus in which, despite a large percentage of sugar, only a normal quantity of urine is se creted, and the demand of the organism for water does not exceed physiological limits. The causes for this unusual condition are not known.", "From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Diabetes insipidus (DI) is a condition characterized by excessive thirst and excretion of large amounts of severely dilute urine, with reduction of fluid intake having no effect on the concentration of the urine. There are different types of DI, each with a different set of causes. Those with DI continue to urinate large amounts of dilute urine in spite of water deprivation. In primary polydipsia, the urine osmolality should increase and stabilize at above 280 Osm/kg with fluid restriction, while a stabilization at a lower level indicates diabetes insipidus.", "Figure 3 depicts the relationships of urine NAE and its components to dietary acid intake. For a given urine sulfate, urine NAE tended to be higher in patients with type 2 diabetes versus NV (P = 0.07 and P = 0.04 when adjusted for gender; Figure 3A). The goal of this investigation was to evaluate which abnormalities place patients with type 2 diabetes at greater risk for uric acid nephrolithiasis. To our knowledge, this is the only study to examine urinary biochemical characteristics in non–stone-forming patients with type 2 diabetes.", "1 You have ketones in your urine and can't reach your doctor for advice. 2 You have multiple signs and symptoms of diabetic ketoacidosis — excessive thirst, frequent urination, nausea and vomiting, abdominal pain, shortness of breath, fruity-scented breath, confusion. Diabetic ketoacidosis signs and symptoms often develop quickly, sometimes within 24 hours. For some, these signs and symptoms may be the first indication of having diabetes. You may notice: 1 Excessive thirst. 2 Frequent urination. 3 Nausea and vomiting. 4 Abdominal pain. 5 Weakness or fatigue.", "OTHER CHARACTERISTICS OF DIABETIC URINE. 1. Quantity of the Urine; Specific Gravity. Polyuria is one of the most striking symptoms of diabetes. It often causes the patient uneasiness before any other phenomena of the disease are noticed. There are some rare cases of diabetes mellitus in which, despite a large percentage of sugar, only a normal quantity of urine is se creted, and the demand of the organism for water does not exceed physiological limits. The causes for this unusual condition are not known.", "As a result of this more acidic urine, patients with type 2 diabetes had a significantly greater urinary content and concentration of undissociated uric acid, approaching the levels seen in UASF (Table 3). The goal of this investigation was to evaluate which abnormalities place patients with type 2 diabetes at greater risk for uric acid nephrolithiasis. To our knowledge, this is the only study to examine urinary biochemical characteristics in non–stone-forming patients with type 2 diabetes.", "If you make enough but your kidneys can't respond to it, you have nephrogenic diabetes insipidus. In either form, the result is the same. Your kidneys can't retain water, so even if you’re dehydrated, they'll put out a lot of pale, or diluted urine. It's a general term for any condition that causes your body to make a lot of urine. And that’s just what, diabetes insipidus does. This condition makes you extra thirsty.", "1 Urine tests are also done to look for the presence of protein in the urine, which is a sign of kidney damage. 2 Urine glucose measurements are less reliable than blood glucose measurements and are not used to diagnose diabetes or evaluate treatment for diabetes. Urine tests for diabetes facts. 1 Urine tests may be done in people with diabetes to evaluate severe hyperglycemia (severe high blood sugar) by looking for ketones in the urine. 2 Ketones are a metabolic product produced when fat is metabolized." ], "url": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diabetes_insipidus", "http://gluedideas.com/content-collection/TCP-Volume-02-Nutritive-Disorders/Other-Characteristics-of-Diabetic_P1.html", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diabetes_insipidus", "http://jasn.asnjournals.org/content/17/5/1422.full", "http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/diabetic-ketoacidosis/basics/symptoms/CON-20026470", "http://gluedideas.com/content-collection/TCP-Volume-02-Nutritive-Disorders/Other-Characteristics-of-Diabetic_P1.html", "http://jasn.asnjournals.org/content/17/5/1422.full", "http://www.webmd.com/diabetes/guide/what-is-diabetes-insipidus", "http://www.medicinenet.com/urine_tests_for_diabetes/article.htm" ] }

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[ "Food such as potato salad, ham salad and sandwich spreads." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "Any temperature less than around 60 °C for most bacteria. However, there are bacteria in food that can survive past 100 °C. Freezing does not significantly kill bacteria, bu … t puts it into a dormant stage, where they can no longer thrive and reproduce. 3 people found this useful. ", "A thermophile is an organism — a type of extremophile — that thrives at relatively high temperatures, between 41 and 122 °C (106 and 252 °F). Many thermophiles are archaea. Thermophilic eubacteria are suggested to have been among the earliest bacteria. ", "Other bacteria are anaerobic, and cannot tolerate gaseous oxygen, such as those bacteria which live in deep underwater sediments, or those which cause bacterial food poisoning. The third group are the facultative anaerobes, which prefer growing in the presence of oxygen, but can continue to grow without it. Bacteria grow in a wide variety of habitats and conditions. When most people think of bacteria, they think of disease-causing organisms, like the Streptococcus bacteria growing in culture in this picture, which were isolated from a man with strep throat.", "Bacteria. Many of us know bacteria only as “germs,” invisible creatures that can invade our bodies and make us sick. Few know that many bacteria not only coexist with us all the time, but help us do an amazing array of useful things like make vitamins, break down some garbage, and even maintain our atmosphere. Some bacteria are photosynthetic (foe-toe-sin-theh-tick) —they can make their own food from sunlight, just like plants. Also like plants, they give off oxygen. Other bacteria absorb food from the material they live on or in. Some of these bacteria can live off unusual foods such as iron or sulfur.", "Food-borne illness often shows itself as flu-like symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, or fever, so many people may not recognize the illness is caused by bacteria or other pathogens on food. Thousands of types of bacteria are naturally present in our environment. Not all bacteria cause disease in humans. Bacteria that cause disease are called “pathogens.” When certain pathogens enter the food supply, they can cause food-borne illness. Only a few types cause millions of cases of food-borne illness each year.", "Bacteria were among the first life forms to appear on Earth, and are present in most of its habitats. Bacteria inhabit soil, water, acidic hot springs, radioactive waste, and the deep portions of Earth's crust. Bacteria also live in symbiotic and parasitic relationships with plants and animals. Carbon metabolism in bacteria is either heterotrophic, where organic carbon compounds are used as carbon sources, or autotrophic, meaning that cellular carbon is obtained by fixing carbon dioxide. Heterotrophic bacteria include parasitic types.", "1 Water -- Bacteria need water to dissolve the food they use for energy and growth. 2 Water allows the food to get into the cells, is used for the many chemical reactions necessary for life and growth, and allows waste products to escape. 3 Food/Nutrients -- All bacteria require energy to live and grow. Describe the conditions favorable to the growth of bacteria in food. Bacteria are everywhere. Some are beneficial, such as those used to make fermented dairy and meat products. Others cause spoilage. And, a small percentage are harmful or pathogenic.", "Many factors affect bacterial growth but the most important ones are: 1 Water -- Bacteria need water to dissolve the food they use for energy and growth. 2 Water allows the food to get into the cells, is used for the many chemical reactions necessary for life and growth, and allows waste products to escape. Describe the conditions favorable to the growth of bacteria in food. Bacteria are everywhere. Some are beneficial, such as those used to make fermented dairy and meat products. Others cause spoilage. And, a small percentage are harmful or pathogenic.", "Staphylococcal food poisoning occurs most often in foods that require hand preparation, such as potato salad, ham salad and sandwich spreads. Sometimes these types of foods are left at room temperature for long periods of time, allowing the bacteria to grow and produce toxin. ", "E.coli or Escherichia coli are bacteria that normally live in the intestines of humans and animals. Although, most strains of these bacteria are harmless, several are known to produce toxins that can cause diarrhea. One particular E.coli strain called 0157 can cause severe diarrhea and kidney damage. " ], "url": [ "http://www.answers.com/Q/What_do_bacteria_need_to_thrive", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thermophile", "http://www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/bacteria/bacterialh.html", "http://www.microbeworld.org/types-of-microbes/bacteria", "http://www.infoplease.com/ipa/A0762206.html", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bacteria", "http://www.foodsafetysite.com/educators/competencies/general/bacteria/bac2.html", "http://www.foodsafetysite.com/educators/competencies/general/bacteria/bac2.html", "http://aggie-horticulture.tamu.edu/food-technology/bacterial-food-poisoning/", "http://www.accepta.com/environmental-water-wastewater-knowledge/pathogen-control-knowledge/297-food-poisoning-bacteria-salmonella-listeria-e-coli-0157-campylobacter" ] }

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[ "Several LAN segments with a backbone, Dial-up connections for users who connect from home or while traveling." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "In this example, a medium-sized to large-sized business is using a network serving 750 to 1,000 employees in three sites. The sites in this network are connected by T1 and fractional T1 links.", "Medium-size office network. A medium-size office network has the following characteristics: 1 Several LAN segments with a backbone (for example, one segment on each floor or wing of a building). 2 Dial-up connections for users who connect from home or while traveling. 3 Internet connections.", "Five Methods: Ethernet Windows Vista, 7, or 8 Windows XP Macintosh OS X Using a Macintosh Computer as a Server. For the family or small business, having your computers connected can be a great way to share data, resources, and more. This article will show you how to connect two computers using various operating systems.", "After you set up your network, you should take time to protect it, and you can do this through the security settings in the router, or the operating system.", "SMB is an abbreviation for small and medium-sized business, sometimes seen as small and midsized business. A business with 100 or fewer employees is generally considered small, while one with 100-999 employees is considered to be medium-sized.", "Plug in an ethernet cable. To connect two computers that don't have access to a shared network, you can use an Ethernet cable to make a direct connection between the two computer's Ethernet ports." ], "url": [ "https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/cc961700.aspx", "https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/cc781001(v=ws.10).aspx", "http://www.wikihow.com/Connect-Two-Computers", "http://www.computerweekly.com/feature/How-to-set-up-your-small-business-computer-network-Essential-Guide", "http://whatis.techtarget.com/definition/SMB-small-and-medium-sized-business-or-small-and-midsized-business", "http://www.wikihow.com/Connect-Two-Computers" ] }

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[ "Visual cortex the area of the occipital lobe of the cerebral cortex concerned with vision; the striate cortex is also called the first visual area, and the adjacent second and third visual areas serve as its association areas." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "The visual association cortex Semir Zeki University College London, UK The concept of visual association cortex derives from early myelogenetic studies, assorted cases of so-called visual agnosia and much philosophical speculation. Hence, the commonly used altema-tive term for visual association cortex was the visuo-psy-chic cortex. Large cerebral areas, whose boundaries can be defined with fair precision, were thus inferred to have a function, that of association, though the function itself was not precisely delined.", "Noun. 1. visual cortex-the cortical area that receives information from the lateral geniculate body of the thalamus. visual area. cortical area, cortical region-any of various regions of the cerebral cortex. ", "The primary (parts of the cortex that receive sensory inputs from the thalamus) visual cortex is also known as V1, V isual area one, and the striate cortex. The extrastriate areas consist of visual areas two (V2), three (V3), four (V4), and five (V5). The visual cortex of the brain is the part of the cerebral cortex responsible for processing visual information. This article addresses the ventral/dorsal model of the visual cortex. Another model for the perceptual/conceptual neuropsychological model of the visual cortex was studied by Raftopolous.", "Called also first visual area. visual cortex the area of the occipital lobe of the cerebral cortex concerned with vision; the striate cortex is also called the first visual area, and the adjacent second and third visual areas serve as its association areas. visual cortex. n. The region of the cerebral cortex occupying the entire surface of the occipital lobe and receiving the visual data from the lateral geniculate body of the thalamus. Also called", "Called also first visual area. visual cortex the area of the occipital lobe of the cerebral cortex concerned with vision; the striate cortex is also called the first visual area, and the adjacent second and third visual areas serve as its association areas. visual cortex. n. The region of the cerebral cortex occupying the entire surface of the occipital lobe and receiving the visual data from the lateral geniculate body of the thalamus. Also called visual area", "Flechsig used the term ‘association’ cortex to describe these latter areas, believing them to be the Geistige Zentren or Cogitationszentren (mind centres or psychic centres). Hence, the commonly used altema-tive term for visual association cortex was the visuo-psy-chic cortex. Large cerebral areas, whose boundaries can be defined with fair precision, were thus inferred to have a function, that of association, though the function itself was not precisely delined.", "The activity of nerve cells in visual association cortex also shows that these areas are involved in a higher level of processing. For example, nerve cells in (a part of) the visual association area respond to visual stimuli that have some kind of complex pattern or structure. For example, the visual association area on the lower part of the temporal lobe plays a primary role in your ability to recognize faces, dogs, cars, trees, etc., whereas the primary visual cortex is required for detecting basic features of the visual world: edges, light and dark, location, etc.", "Noun. 1. visual cortex-the cortical area that receives information from the lateral geniculate body of the thalamus. visual area. cortical area, cortical region-any of various regions of the cerebral cortex. " ], "url": [ "http://www.vislab.ucl.ac.uk/pdf/the_visual_association_cortex.pdf", "http://www.thefreedictionary.com/visual+cortex", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Visual_cortex", "http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/visual+cortex", "http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/Visual+association+cortex", "http://www.vislab.ucl.ac.uk/pdf/the_visual_association_cortex.pdf", "http://www.indiana.edu/%7Ep1013447/dictionary/assn_cor.htm", "http://www.thefreedictionary.com/Visual+association+cortex" ] }

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[ "15 to 20 days." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "Eastern bluebirds, on the other hand, leave the nest after only 15 to 20 days, but they sometimes stick around to help parents raise another brood that same year. Kestrels take longer, usually beginning short flights 30 to 36 days after hatching.", "The female broods the chicks to keep them warm, and both parents feed them insects. The fledglings leave the nest 15 to 20 days after hatching. Several studies have shown that some young stay around the nest to help their parents care for a second clutch. Young bluebirds may begin mating when they are one year old.", "Incubation does not begin until all eggs have been laid, so they will hatch at the same time. Since it was hot, I rarely saw this female on the nest. Incubation typically lasts 12-14 days. The female may wait about a week to start incubating the clutch if weather is still cold.", "By day 13 –14 they are ready to leave the nest. Bluebirds will remain with their parents and the fledglings of successive nesting during their first season grouping. Here they gather in a loose flock during the summer to feed. Southern migration is determined by the weather and food availability.", "Birds that are precocial-meaning that when they hatch their eyes are open, they have down feathers, and are immediately mobile-will leave the nest within a few hours, up to two days. Examples are ducks, turkeys, and quail.", "Birds that nest early have time to raise two families. If they do raise two families, they normally bond as a pair for the rest of the season. The male bluebird takes over the feeding process for about 10 days, once the female begins a second nest.", "Birds that are altricial -- meaning that when they hatch their eyes are usually not open, they have no down feathers, are relatively immobile, and are completely dependent on their parents -- will stay in the nest for as long as 270 days.", "When hatchlings are 8 days old, their eyes begin to open. Pin feathers begin appearing within 10 days of hatching. Once the youngsters are 12-14 days old, they become very skittish and will bail out of a nest if disturbed. For this reason, nest-box checks should be curtailed when the young bluebirds reach this age.", "Bluebirds can fledge (leave the nest) anywhere from 16 to 21 days after hatching. When the birds get close to leaving, you can see them poking their heads out from the entrance hole of the bird house. It's important to NOT open the nest box when you are within 5 days or so of fledging." ], "url": [ "http://animals.mom.me/long-birds-fly-after-hatch-11716.html", "http://www.biokids.umich.edu/critters/Sialia_sialis/", "http://www.sialis.org/runt.htm", "http://www.nephotographyguild.com/2011/08/when-young-bluebirds-leave-the-nest/", "http://www.ehow.com/how-does_5426495_long-baby-birds-stay-nest.html", "http://www.nephotographyguild.com/2011/08/when-young-bluebirds-leave-the-nest/", "http://www.ehow.com/how-does_5426495_long-baby-birds-stay-nest.html", "http://www.georgiawildlife.com/node/2594", "http://michiganbluebirdsociety.org/about-bluebirds" ] }

[]

[ "Yes" ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1 ], "passage_text": [ "Crocus of any sort will rot if planted in wet soil, so planting saffron crocuses inside will ensure the bulb or corms do not rot. Your bulb purveyor will send them to you at the correct time for planting and/or consult with them regarding your climate and location, but they should be planted in the fall. While dormant, do not water the crocus. Remember, the corms will multiply each year, so eventually you may have more than you need. Give them to another saffron-lover as a gift. The plants can live up to 15 years, but it’s best to “refresh” them by digging up, dividing and replanting every four to five years.", "To maximize your chances of abundant blooms, plant crocus bulbs in October or November in mild climates. Space corms 4 inches apart and plant them 4 to 6 inches deep. Keep the soil evenly moist but not soggy. Cut foliage back after the crocuses bloom. In urban areas, soil temperatures tend to remain warmer year round, so crocuses bloom earlier there than they do in suburban or rural areas. Crocuses planted in a sunny, protected area bloom earlier than those growing under evergreens.", "While many people refer to them as bulbs, Crocus plants actually grow from corms, a bulb-like stem. Not only are crocuses good flowers in the garden, they make good houseplants. You can easily force Snow Crocus to bloom indoors. How to Grow Snow Crocus. Snow crocuses are aptly named, as they are the earliest of spring flowers. Crocus plants can be found bursting into bloom, while snow is still on the ground. These hardy flowers begin to grow with a warm spell in late winter or early spring.", "We've never timed a crocus'. We've never timed a crocus' bloom for a wedding event, but your best bet with a crocus is probably to force it in pots. The bulbs (corms) can be forced after a cold period of about 13 - 15 weeks. Once you bring into a warm place, the bulbs will flower in 3 to 4 weeks--or even faster. Unless you've tested it out, you'll probably want to stagger your timing with multiple crocus a week apart to hit the bloom date. Crocus from last year didn't rebloom. I live in Zone 5. The crocus I planted in Fall of 2011 bloomed in spring 2012 but haven't come back yet, don't really see leaves poking out either. Yet, the crocus I planted in Fall of 2012 have bloomed nicely so far this spring.", "After your saffron crocus bulbs are planted, they need very little care. They will be hardy down to -15 F (-26 C). You can fertilize them once a year, though they grow fine without being fertilized as well. You can also water them if the rainfall in your area falls below 1.5 inches per week. As they are fall-blooming crocus, you will plant them in the fall, but they will probably not bloom the year you plant them. Instead, you will see foliage in the spring, which will die back, and saffron flowers the following fall. Saffron crocus bulbs do not store well.", "As with most bulb-like plants, crocus do not like to sit in wet soil, especially during the summer, when they are dormant. Planting Crocus Bulbs: Spring blooming crocus are planted in the early fall. Plant them about 4 inches deep and 2-4 inches apart, pointed end up. It can sometimes be hard to tell which is the pointed end of a corm, but don't worry too much. Overview: There are over 80 species of crocus, but most of the bulbs (actually corms) available are mixes of different species and varieties. There is only one qualification you need to be certain of, when choosing your bulbs: are they spring or fall bloomers.", "Growing Conditions. When your crocus blooms depends, in part, on growing conditions. In urban areas, soil temperatures tend to remain warmer year round, so crocuses bloom earlier there than they do in suburban or rural areas. Crocuses planted in a sunny, protected area bloom earlier than those growing under evergreens.", "The cultivated saffron (saffron crocus C. sativus) flowers in the autumn and comes up every year, so it is known as a perennial plant. It does not grow wild, and is now a triploid form of the eastern Mediterranean plant called Crocus cartwrightianus. It is thought that C. cartwrightianus came from Crete. " ], "url": [ "http://www.gardeningknowhow.com/edible/herbs/saffron/growing-saffron-indoors.htm", "http://homeguides.sfgate.com/crocus-bloom-60017.html", "http://www.gardenersnet.com/bulbs/crocus.htm", "http://www.almanac.com/plant/crocuses", "http://www.gardeningknowhow.com/edible/herbs/saffron/growing-saffron-crocus.htm", "http://gardening.about.com/od/floweringbulbs/p/Crocus-Planting-And-Caring-For-Crocus.htm", "http://homeguides.sfgate.com/crocus-bloom-60017.html", "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saffron" ] }

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[ "2 to 3 hours" ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "Directions: 1 Arrange pieces on a baking sheet then drizzle with about 2 tablespoons of vegetable oil (or about 1 tablespoon oil per pound). 2 Season generously with salt and pepper then toss them until coated. 3 Cook in oven for about 45 minutes or until they are tender right through, turning them at least once. Directions: 1 Arrange pieces on a baking sheet then drizzle with about 2 tablespoons of vegetable oil (or about 1 tablespoon oil per pound). 2", "Place the sliced raw beets (allow 1 medium beet per serving) in a foil-lined baking dish and drizzle with a bit of olive oil. Bake at 400 or 425 degrees F. for 20 to 30 minute or so, until tender to your liking. Stir once or twice during that time. Microwave for 2 to 4 minutes per beet (2 minutes for small beets, 4 for medium-large) is a guideline, depending on your particular microwave unit. Best to start with less time and check for doneness). Don’t use too much water, otherwise it will boil up and get all over your microwave.", "1 Preheat oven to 375 degrees F. 2 Coat beets lightly with oil. 3 Wrap beets in aluminum foil, place on a baking sheet, and roast in the oven until cooked through, approximately 45 to 60 minutes. 4 Remove from the oven, let cool for 10 minutes, and then peel and slice into 1/4-inch thick slices. Directions. 1 Preheat oven to 375 degrees F. 2 Coat beets lightly with oil. 3 Wrap beets in aluminum foil, place on a baking sheet, and roast in the oven until cooked through, approximately 45 to 60 minutes.", "Wash the beets gently, making sure that you don’t tear the skins, then place in a pan of warm water, bring to the boil, reduce the heat and simmer until tender – around 20–30 minutes. Alternatively, you can steam whole beetroot or bake them in the oven for 2–3 hours at 150°C/gas mark 2. ", "Directions. 1 Baked Beets: Preheat oven to 400°. 2 Trim roots and stems to 1/2, do not cut beets further! ; 3 do not wash beets! , 4 if there is dirt that bothers you, wipe it off with a paper towel; moisture will cause the beets to steam and that is not what you want. 1 ;do not wash beets! , 2 if there is dirt that bothers you, wipe it off with a paper towel; moisture will cause the beets to steam and that is not what you want. 3 Place beets in a casserole, cover with the lid and seal the entire casserole tightly with foil; bake at 400° for 60-90 minutes.", "1 Baked Beets: Preheat oven to 400°. 2 Trim roots and stems to 1/2, do not cut beets further! ; 3 do not wash beets! , 4 if there is dirt that bothers you, wipe it off with a paper towel; moisture will cause the beets to steam and that is not what you want. 1 ;do not wash beets! , 2 if there is dirt that bothers you, wipe it off with a paper towel; moisture will cause the beets to steam and that is not what you want. 3 Place beets in a casserole, cover with the lid and seal the entire casserole tightly with foil; bake at 400° for 60-90 minutes.", "Directions. Place the beets in a large saucepan and add water to cover and the lemon juice or vinegar. This will help to keep the beets from bleeding. Bring to a boil, reduce heat and simmer until tender, about 45 minutes to 1 hour. Place pot under running cold water and let rinse until beets can be handled. ", "1 Dressed Baked Beets: Put the skinned beets, whole, diced or sliced in a saucepan or skillet; add the butter, sugar, salt and pepper; heat and serve. 2 Baked Beets in Cream: Thinly slice skinned baked beets; heat in saucepan or skillet with cream, add salt and pepper; just before serving add lemon juice. 1 ;do not wash beets! , 2 if there is dirt that bothers you, wipe it off with a paper towel; moisture will cause the beets to steam and that is not what you want. 3 Place beets in a casserole, cover with the lid and seal the entire casserole tightly with foil; bake at 400° for 60-90 minutes.", "1 Wrap beets in aluminum foil, place on a baking sheet, and roast in the oven until cooked through, approximately 45 to 60 minutes. 2 Remove from the oven, let cool for 10 minutes, and then peel and slice into 1/4-inch thick slices. Directions. 1 Preheat oven to 375 degrees F. 2 Coat beets lightly with oil. 3 Wrap beets in aluminum foil, place on a baking sheet, and roast in the oven until cooked through, approximately 45 to 60 minutes. 4" ], "url": [ "http://tipnut.com/cook-beets/", "http://www.vegkitchen.com/tips/beets/", "http://www.food.com/recipe/bobby-flays-roasted-beets-for-recipes-370885", "http://www.knorr.co.uk/article/detail/404388/how-to-cook-fresh-beetroot", "http://www.food.com/recipe/baked-beets-72861", "http://www.food.com/recipe/baked-beets-72861", "http://www.foodnetwork.com/recipes/boiled-beets-recipe.html", "http://www.food.com/recipe/baked-beets-72861", "http://www.food.com/recipe/bobby-flays-roasted-beets-for-recipes-370885" ] }

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[ "It can be caused by a variety of conditions, including vaginal discharge, sexually transmitted diseases, dehydration, certain autoimmune disorders, as well as infection, inflammation, or other conditions of the urinary tract." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "A urinary tract infection-a UTI can cause cloudy urine. The urinary tract infection may be accompanied with burning or painful urination. A bladder infection (a more specific type of urinary tract infection), also known as Cystitis, may cause cloudy urine. Cystitis is an inflammation of the bladder. The bladder infection may also be accompanied by painful urination, difficulty in urination and frequent urination. Kidney stones may cause cloudy urine. They can cause pus in the urine, which gives your pee that milky or cloudy look. If you have kidney stones, the pain of the stones may lead you to see a doctor more quickly than the cloudy urine. Food can cause a change in the consistency and color of your urine, although they are not the usual cause of cloudy urine. Blood in urine-When the blood is microscopic, it may not show bright red or dark red but rather it may appear as", "Causes of Cloudy urine: The following medical conditions are some of the possible causes of Cloudy urine. There are likely to be other possible causes, so ask your doctor about your symptoms. 1 Certain foods or drinks-various types of foods or drink affect urine consistency and coloration. 2 Normal vaginal secretions. 3 Abnormal vaginal discharge.", "1 An infection of the urinary tract can also cause urine to be cloudy. 2 The infection can be associated with painful or burning urination. 3 An infection of the bladder – also referred to as cystitis – can cause urine to be cloudy. 4 Cystitis is bladder irritation and inflammation. 1 Blood in urine can cause cloudy urine, but the urine also will normally be tinted with brown, or red. 2 An infection of the urinary tract can also cause urine to be cloudy. 3 The infection can be associated with painful or burning urination.", "Cloudy urine is often caused by infection, inflammation or other conditions of the urinary tract (kidneys, ureters, bladder and urethra) or the reproductive organs. A small amount of blood in the urine that is not visible to the naked eye can also cause cloudy urine. Cloudy urine can also be caused by diseases of other body systems and diseases that cause the excretion of protein in the urine, which can cloud urine when present in high levels.", "Cloudy Urine. Cloudy urine is the turbidity of the urine with a cloudy appearance, that shows a brown, red, white, yellow or dark urine. Usually, it is normal or caused by urine infection, mixed with crystals, blood, bacteria, mucus, pus, free fat globules, epithelial cells or white blood cells in urine. ", "Cloudy urine may be a sign of a urinary tract infection, sediment from a distended bladder, blood in urine, an enterovesicular fistula, gonorrhea, Schistosomiasis, or vaginal discharge. Blood in urine is more common after prostate enlargement procedures then cloudy urine, some of the benign prostatic hyperplasia solutions that cause hematuria are a transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP), green light laser (BPH laser), and radio frequency therapy.", "1 An infection of the bladder – also referred to as cystitis – can cause urine to be cloudy. 2 Cystitis is bladder irritation and inflammation. 3 Bladder infections can also be supplemented with painful urination, frequent urination as well as difficulty in urinating. 4 Kidney stones can cause urine which is cloudy. 1 Blood in urine can cause cloudy urine, but the urine also will normally be tinted with brown, or red. 2 An infection of the urinary tract can also cause urine to be cloudy. 3 The infection can be associated with painful or burning urination.", "Cloudy urine can be caused by a variety of conditions, including vaginal discharge, sexually transmitted diseases, dehydration, certain autoimmune disorders, as well as infection, inflammation, or other conditions of the urinary tract (kidneys, ureters, bladder and urethra). ", "Some possible cloudy urine causes are: Food can cause a change in the consistency and color of your urine, although they are not the usual cause of cloudy urine. Blood in urine-When the blood is microscopic, it may not show bright red or dark red but rather it may appear as cloudy urine." ], "url": [ "http://www.urinecolors.com/urine-consistency/cloudy-urine", "http://www.rightdiagnosis.com/symptoms/cloudy_urine/causes.htm", "http://byebyedoctor.com/cloudy-urine-causes-and-treatment/", "http://www.healthgrades.com/symptoms/cloudy-urine--causes", "http://www.healthguidehq.com/cloudy-urine.html", "http://www.miami-urology.com/robotic-surgery/cloudy-urine", "http://byebyedoctor.com/cloudy-urine-causes-and-treatment/", "http://www.healthgrades.com/symptoms/cloudy-urine", "http://www.urinecolors.com/urine-consistency/cloudy-urine" ] }

[]

[ "No" ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "Abstract— In addition to the keratinocytes, the epidermis contains resident cells of dendritic morphology. These are principally the Langerhans cell, Merkel cell and melanocyte. These cells have a number of different functions in the integument. [Resident dendsuitic cells in the epidermis: Langerhans cells, Merkel cells and Melanocytes (Celulas células residentes résidentes en: la epidermis Celulas, células de Langerhans celulas células). De— Merkel y melanocitos abstract in, addition to the keratinocytes the epidermis contains resident.", "Merkel cell were first identified by German anatomist Friedrich Sigmund Merkel in 1875. Merkel cells are epidermal cells localised in the basal layer of the epidermis and the epithelial sheath of hair follicles. The vast majority of Merkel cells are intimately associated with a nerve terminal but some are not. In all vertebrates, Merkel nerve endings are located in the basal layer of the epidermis, apart from birds, where they are located in the dermis.", "Only a subset of Langerhans cell parent types are included in the figure. Langerhans cells are dendritic cells (antigen-presenting immune cells) of the skin and mucosa, and contain large organelles called Birbeck granules. They are present in all layers of the epidermis, but are most prominent in the stratum spinosum. Not to be confused with the cells of the islets of Langerhans, found in the pancreas, or Langhans giant cell. Section of skin showing large numbers of dendritic cells (Langerhans cells) in the epidermis. (M. ulcerans infection, S100 immunoperoxidase stain .). The representation of Langerhans cells in the Cell Ontology.", "The merkel cell in human epidermis: its differentiation from other dendritic cells. 1 Richard L. KiddAffiliated withDermatologic-Genetics Laboratory, New England Medical Center HospitalsDepartment of Oral Pathology, Haward School of Dental Medicine. Preliminary evidence suggests that Merkel cell granules may contain catecholamines. Thus, the easy identification of Merkel cells by high power electron microscopy raises interesting questions for the role of this cell and its apparent catecholamine content in pathological states of the skin.", "In an electron microscopic study where special attention was given to dendritic cells in human epidermis by higher power magnification, Merkel cells were characterized by the specific Merkel cell granules and fine intracytoplasmic filaments inserted into an occasional Merkel cell desmosome. Preliminary evidence suggests that Merkel cell granules may contain catecholamines. Thus, the easy identification of Merkel cells by high power electron microscopy raises interesting questions for the role of this cell and its apparent catecholamine content in pathological states of the skin.", "Langerhans cells, or epidermal dendritic cells, are macrophages that help activate the immune system. Merkel cells are associated with sensory nerve endings. Layers of the Epidermis. The stratum basale (basal layer) is the deepest epidermal layer and is the site of mitosis. ", "The proximity of an epidermal neurite above the basal lamina or of a dermal neurite close to the basal lamina, further aided the detection and differentiation of Merkel cells in human epidermis. Preliminary evidence suggests that Merkel cell granules may contain catecholamines. Thus, the easy identification of Merkel cells by high power electron microscopy raises interesting questions for the role of this cell and its apparent catecholamine content in pathological states of the skin.", "Dendritic cells are present in those tissues that are in contact with the external environment, such as the skin (where there is a specialized dendritic cell type called the Langerhans cell) and the inner lining of the nose, lungs, stomach and intestines. They can also be found in an immature state in the blood. Dendritic cells (DCs) are antigen-presenting cells (also known as accessory cells) of the mammalian immune system. Their main function is to process antigen material and present it on the cell surface to the T cells of the", "Human Merkel cells were first described by Friedrich S. Merkel in 1875 and named “Tastzellen” (touch cells) assuming a sensory touch function within the skin. An established function of the Merkel cell–nerve complex is to act as a slowly adapting mechanoreceptor. This holds for the classical nerve-associated Merkel cells such as those present in Haarscheiben and whisker hair follicles (Iggo and Findlater, 1984)." ], "url": [ "http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1365-3164.1995.tb00034.x/abstract", "http://biologiedelapeau.fr/spip.php?article41", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Langerhans_cells", "http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2FBF00595269", "http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2FBF00595269", "http://classes.midlandstech.edu/carterp/Courses/bio210/chap05/lecture1.htm", "http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2FBF00595269", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dendritic_cell", "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0171933504000652" ] }

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[ "Arch on the bottom (plantar side) of the foot." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "The plantar aponeurosis, or plantar fascia, has received considerable attention in the scientific literature and has been shown to be the most important structure for dynamic longitudinal arch support in the foot [ 1 ]. ", "Plantar aponeurosis. The plantar aponeurosis, also known as the plantar fascia, is a strong layer of white fibrous tissue located beneath the skin on the sole of the foot. Towards the front of the foot, at the mid-metatarsal level, it divides into five sections, each extending into a toe and straddling the flexor tendons. During walking, the plantar aponeurosis functions mainly during heel rise to toe off.. It stabilizes the arch of the foot and allows flexion of the first metatarsal, enabling the first metatarsal to carry the majority of the body weight. It also provides shock absorption when the foot hits the ground.", "The plantar fascia is the thick connective tissue (aponeurosis) which supports the arch on the bottom (plantar side) of the foot. It runs from the tuberosity of the calcaneus (heel bone) forward to the heads of the metatarsal bones (the bone between each toe and the bones of the mid foot). The plantar fascia is a broad structure that spans between the medial calcaneal tubercle and the proximal phalanges of the toes. Recent studies suggest that the plantar fascia is actually an aponeurosis rather than true fascia.", "The plantar fascia is a thickened fibrous aponeurosis that originates from the medial tubercle of the calcaneus and runs forward to form the longitudinal foot arch. The function of the plantar fascia is to provide static support of the longitudinal arch and dynamic shock absorption. Plantar fasciitis is a common cause of heel pain in adults. The pain is usually caused by collagen degeneration (which is sometimes misnamed “chronic inflammation”) at the origin of the plantar fascia at the medial tubercle of the calcaneus.", "Plantar fasciitis (PLAN-tur fas-e-I-tis) is one of the most common causes of heel pain. It involves pain and inflammation of a thick band of tissue, called the plantar fascia, that runs across the bottom of your foot and connects your heel bone to your toes. Plantar fasciitis commonly causes stabbing pain that usually occurs with your very first steps in the morning.", "Topic Overview. Plantar fasciitis (say PLAN-ter fash-ee-EYE-tus) is the most common cause of heel pain. The plantar fascia is the flat band of tissue (ligament) that connects your heel bone to your toes. It supports the arch of your foot. If you strain your plantar fascia, it gets weak, swollen, and irritated (inflamed). ", "Plantar Fasciitis. Also referred to as 'jogger's heel', plantar fasciitis is probably the most common cause of heel pain. This injury is the result of damage and inflammation to a band of tissue in the foot, the plantar fascia. The pain caused by this injury often radiates into the arch of the foot. ", "Plantar Fasciitis. Inflammation of the thick tissue on the bottom of the foot (plantar fascia) causing heel pain. The plantar fascia (also called plantar aponeurosis) are bands of fibrous tissue extending to the toes. PubMed Health Glossary.", "Inflammation or injury of the plantar aponeurosis (known as plantar fasciitis) is common in athletes and will cause foot pain and may result in further leg injuries if left untreated. The condition is treated with rest, pain relievers, or in extreme cases, extracorporeal shock wave therapy. Back to Foot. During walking, the plantar aponeurosis functions mainly during heel rise to toe off.. It stabilizes the arch of the foot and allows flexion of the first metatarsal, enabling the first metatarsal to carry the majority of the body weight. It also provides shock absorption when the foot hits the ground." ], "url": [ "http://www.ajronline.org/doi/full/10.2214/ajr.176.1.1760097", "http://www.healthline.com/human-body-maps/plantar-aponeurosis", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plantar_fascia", "http://www.aafp.org/afp/2001/0201/p467.html", "http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/plantar-fasciitis/basics/definition/CON-20025664", "http://www.webmd.com/a-to-z-guides/plantar-fasciitis-topic-overview", "http://www.sportsinjuryclinic.net/sport-injuries/foot-heel-pain/plantar-fasciitis", "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMH0004438/", "http://www.healthline.com/human-body-maps/plantar-aponeurosis" ] }

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[ "Alt Gr + The normal US button for backslash." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "Our computers had Korean keyboards, with no obvious backslash. The solution is to use the character code. Hold down the ALT key and type 92 using the numeric keypad (not the numbers on the top of the main letters section). When you release the ALT key you'll get a backslash. The same trick can be used for accented characters such as e (é alt) 130 or (E ë). Alt · 137 neil 4. years ago", "When using windows auth usernames usually contain a backslash \\, I can't type it, when I do the textbox (or textarea) just loose focus, and no backslash is added. I tried switching to input mode, but it doesn't help. I'm using: 1 Vimum 1.30. 2 Chrome 15.0.874.121. 3 Windows 7. 4 Spanish Latin Keyboard. ", "Alternatively referred to as a backward slash and reverse solidus, the backslash is a character \\ first introduced by Bob Bemer in 1960. A backslash can be used to represent a file path in MS-DOS and Windows, for example, c:\\windows is an example of the backslash being used. ", "3. I'm trying to use a UK keymap on a physical US keyboard on my notebook (Asus Zenbook UX31E). My keyboard has vertical bar and backslash (| and \\) above the Enter key, but I get hash and tilde instead. On UK keyboards, pipe and backslash seem to be just to the left of the Z key. I use a European keyboard and have only a forward-slash / . Using the alt to the right of the space bar (alt gr) together with the key for / gives | . Using alt to the right of the space bar (alt gr), plus shift, plus key for / gives backslash \\ . share | improve this answer", "Zacy5000 said: Or you could use 'Alt Gr + The normal US button for backslash'. Alt Gr is the one to the right hand side of the space bar and the normal US button for the backslash is next to the enter button and shift key (may slightly differ on different keyboards). This is much easier then using the Alt code. This is more for my own reference than anything else but today I was needing to enter a backslash key while using a US keyboard but with UK keyboard settings. After trying pretty much every key on the keyboard in all combinations, I realised there was no key combination that would do this directly.", "Answer: The backslash key is located near the Enter or Return key on most keyboards. It is most often found directly to the left of the Enter key, but can also be placed below or above the enter key. The backslash key is located directly above the the Return key on Apple keyboards. It is important to differentiate between the backslash and the forward slash keys. The backslash key has a pipe character above it, which is a straight vertical line. The forward slash key has a question mark above it. Forward slashes are used to designate directories in URLs, i.e. http://www.sharpened.net/helpcenter/ , while backslashes are used do designate Windows directories, like you may see in Windows Explorer, i.e. C:\\Program Files\\ .", "I regularly battle my office computer's Japanese keyboard. Try writing an email when the apostrophe is Shift+7, rather than just next to your pinky (it:s annoying). Or try typing with a shortened space bar, where the new key just to the left of the space bar switches the keyboard into Japanese letters... おぱす. Yesterday I was stumped with a new challenge. I needed to type a backslash (\\) in order to remotely log in to another computer. ", "I bought my MacBook here in Japan so I have the Japanese Keyboard. I need to know how to type the BACKSLASH \\ character. What I'm doing right now is that I just copy-paste the backslash character to my programs. It's a little tedious and so not efficient so I hope you guys can help me. " ], "url": [ "https://uk.answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20110605162221AALL7lg", "https://github.com/philc/vimium/issues/415", "http://www.computerhope.com/jargon/b/backslash.htm", "http://superuser.com/questions/701797/how-can-i-type-a-backslash-with-no-backslash-key", "http://sqlblog.com/blogs/greg_low/archive/2014/07/14/entering-a-backslash-when-using-uk-keyboard-layout-on-us-keyboard.aspx", "http://pc.net/helpcenter/answers/location_of_backslash_key", "http://kyleandbreinjapan.blogspot.com/2012/05/where-is-backslash-on-japanese-keyboard.html", "https://discussions.apple.com/thread/1632122?start=0&tstart=0" ] }

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[ "Electron CaptureIt is possible for a proton in the nucleus to “capture” an electron and turn into a neutron releasing a neutrino e p e n e. 2 9. 3 Feynman’s Diagram for e-captureThe force responsible for electron capture is the weak force", "Interactions between the atom's electrons in the process of seeking a lower energy electron state.", "Weak interaction which are the W+ , the W-and the Z0." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 1, 1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "The weak interaction is responsible for beta decay. The exchange particles for the weak interaction are the W+ , the W-and the Z0. Consider β decay. n → p. We can describe the process as follows. A neutron changes into a proton by emitting a W - , which quickly decays into an electron and an antineutrino. Note: that in some reactions quarks can be created in quark-antiquark pairs, but the net flavour of quarks before and after is unchanged as they created pairs cancel. Another example of the weak interaction is the interaction between a proton and an electron called electron capture. This occurs when a nuclear proton captures an electron from the surrounding cloud and becomes a neutron", "Electron capture sometimes also results in the Auger effect, where an electron is ejected from the atom's electron shell due to interactions between the atom's electrons in the process of seeking a lower energy electron state. Following electron capture, the atomic number is reduced by one, the neutron number is increased by one, and there is no change in atomic mass. Simple electron capture results in a neutral atom, since the loss of the electron in the electron shell is balanced by a loss of positive nuclear positive charge.", "Following capture of an inner electron from the atom, an outer electron replaces the electron that was captured and one or more characteristic X-ray photons is emitted in this process. Following electron capture, the atomic number is reduced by one, the neutron number is increased by one, and there is no change in atomic mass. Simple electron capture results in a neutral atom, since the loss of the electron in the electron shell is balanced by a loss of positive nuclear positive charge.", "1 Electron CaptureIt is possible for a proton in the nucleus to “capture” an electron and turn into a neutron releasing a neutrino e p e n e. 2 9. 3 Feynman’s Diagram for e-captureThe force responsible for electron capture is the weak force. 4 So, the exchange particle is the W+. 1 10. 2 Electron – Proton CollisionWhen an electron and a proton collide the proton turns into a neutron releasing a neutrino e p e n e. 3 11. 4 Feynman’s Diagram for e- - p collisionsThe force responsible for this collision", "In β+ decay, or positron emission, the weak interaction converts an atomic nucleus into a nucleus with atomic number decreased by one, while emitting a positron (e+) and an electron neutrino (ν e). In nuclear physics, beta decay (β -decay) is a type of radioactive decay in which a proton is transformed into a neutron, or vice versa, inside an atomic nucleus. This process allows the atom to move closer to the optimal ratio of protons and neutrons.", "Electron capture (K-electron capture, also K-capture, or L-electron capture, L-capture) is a process in which the proton-rich nucleus of an electrically neutral atom absorbs an inner atomic electron, usually from the K or L electron shell. Following electron capture, the atomic number is reduced by one, the neutron number is increased by one, and there is no change in atomic mass. Simple electron capture results in a neutral atom, since the loss of the electron in the electron shell is balanced by a loss of positive nuclear positive charge.", "β + decay also results in nuclear transmutation, with the resulting element having an atomic number that is decreased by one. Electron capture is sometimes included as a type of beta decay, because the basic nuclear process, mediated by the weak force, is the same. In electron capture, an inner atomic electron is captured by a proton in the nucleus, transforming it into a neutron, and an electron neutrino is released. In nuclear physics, beta decay (β -decay) is a type of radioactive decay in which a proton is transformed into a neutron, or vice versa, inside an atomic nucleus. This process allows the atom to move closer to the optimal ratio of protons and neutrons." ], "url": [ "http://www.s-cool.co.uk/a-level/physics/particle-classification-and-interactions/revise-it/reactions-exchange-particles-and-", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electron_capture", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electron_capture", "http://www.slideshare.net/asober/feynman-diagrams", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beta_decay", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electron_capture", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beta_decay" ] }

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[ "Absolut was one of the early vodkas to offer flavors, first with Peppar and then with Citron. Absolut helped fuel the vodka explosion and helped give birth to immensely popular cocktails like the Cosmopolitan (which came directly out of the introduction of Absolut Citron)." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "Ketel One was significantly more popular with the under 34 crowd. Grey Goose's number one spot speaks to the success of the company's branding. Grey Goose has been in existence less than 20 years, and in that time has captured a good chunk of the market. Vodka is the most popular liquor in America. ", "Absolut Vodka is a contemporary phenomenon. First exported in 1979, Absolut Vodka quickly soared to one of the best-selling premium vodkas in the world today. It is an overnight success... an overnight success since 1879. It was then vodka was first sold under the name Absolut.", "Absolut Vodka Drinks. Absolut Vodka has a rich flavor, is smooth and mellow with a distinct character of grain. Absolut Vodka is great neat and ice-cold, on the rocks or as a base for hundreds of drinks and cocktails. ", "Absolut Vodka is a brand of vodka, produced near Åhus, åhus in Southern. Sweden absolut is owned By french Group Pernod; ricard they Bought absolut for€.5 63 billion in 2008 from The swedish. state Absolut Vodka is a brand of vodka, produced near Åhus, åhus in Southern. sweden", "Absolut was one of the early vodkas to offer flavors, first with Peppar and then with Citron. Absolut helped fuel the vodka explosion and helped give birth to immensely popular cocktails like the Cosmopolitan (which came directly out of the introduction of Absolut Citron). For Absolut Vodka, pure vodka doesn’t mean a neutral vodka, and one of the key aspects of Absolut is that you can taste elements of the winter wheat. The nose of Absolut has a yeasty breadiness which comes from both the Swedish winter wheat used to make the vodka as well as the custom yeast used in the fermentation.", "So, your basic bottle of Smirnoff is fine for mixed drinks, but you wouldn't want to drink shots of it. Conversely, top-shelf brands such as Armadale and Jewel of Russia are too good—and too expensive—to mix with anything but ice and/or tonic water and are best drunk straight and straight from the freezer. ", "It’s just like anything in the world, make your own decisions about a product. I personally choose to avoid the brand. I’ve reviewed Absolut Vodka and personally don’t think it’s anything special. Not because I have some distaste for the company, just the vodka. From a quality standpoint, there is nothing special about them. Their product is crisp and clean, but far from going down smooth. If you take shots of Absolut and think they are good, then I’m afraid you have not tried many brands of vodka.", "Absolut Vodka is a Marketing Genius. Absolut was established in 1879 by Lars Olsson Smith in Ahus Sweden. For the next 100 years, they dominated Swedish vodka sales before introducing their product to the rest of the world in 1979. From a quality standpoint, there is nothing special about them. Their product is crisp and clean, but far from going down smooth. If you take shots of Absolut and think they are good, then I’m afraid you have not tried many brands of vodka.", "This is our list of not just your favorite, but of ALL Absolut flavors. The number one vodka flavor will be determined by audience re-ranking, so don't be shy to voice your opinion for the tastiest Absolut. This selection might be absolut-ley delicious but it is also absolut-ley comprehensive. In search of the best Absolut Vodka flavor or just looking for the ultimate list of all Absolut flavors? From new Absolut Vodka flavors to retired Absolut Vodka flavors, we have the spiciest vodkas and the sweetest vodkas. Absolut rebrands their flavors so this list keeps every single flavored vodka in order. These are the greatest Absolut Vodka flavors of all time -- so there should be no doubt which ones should be present on your shelves and at your parties" ], "url": [ "http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2012/02/22/top-vodka-brands_n_1294031.html", "http://www.absolutad.com/absolut_about/history/story/", "http://www.absolutdrinks.com/en/drinks/with/absolut-vodka/", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Absolut_Vodka", "http://www.drinkspirits.com/vodka/absolut-scenes-absolut-vodka/", "http://www.slate.com/articles/life/shopping/2004/09/hit_me_with_your_best_shot.html", "http://vodkaonly.com/absolut-vodka-popular/", "http://vodkaonly.com/absolut-vodka-popular/", "http://www.ranker.com/list/best-absolut-vodka-flavors/bottoms-up" ] }

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[ "flowering annual, biennial, and perennial plants that are commonly known as the cranesbills..They are found throughout the temperate regions of the world and the mountains of the tropics, but mostly in the eastern part of the Mediterranean region" ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "Along with their pretty flowers, most have beautiful foliage. Most geranium plants will produce more flowers if planted in a sunny position. Geraniums will grow in partial shade, but flowering may be reduced. Geraniums prefer well drained soil and are not particular about soil type as long as it is well drained. Geraniums are not heavy users of fertilizer. Apply a light amount of 20-20-20 twice during the growing season.", "* Widely-grown and commonly misnamed geraniums should be called Pelargoniums.. More on The Geranium Family (Geraniaceae) & the Genus Pelargonium By Wayne Handlos, Ph.D. The geranium family consists of several genera of plants commonly referred to as geraniums or cranesbills. These plants have become popular among the cactus and succulent growers. Types of Pelargonium s: Zonal geraniums * (Pelargonium x hortorum), Ivy geraniums * (Pelargonium peltatum), Carnation flowered geraniums* The petals of these flowers have a toothed or fringed edge.", "Geranium. Pelargonium. Geraniums have been a gardener's favorite for well over a century. The old-fashioned standard for beds, borders, and containers, geranium is still one of the most popular plants today. Traditional bedding types love hot weather and hold up well to dry conditions; many offer colorful foliage. It grows 24 inches tall and 14 inches wide. Pelargonium 'Designer Red' is a heat-loving geranium that offers rich red flowers on compact, 14-inch-tall plants. Pelargonium 'Easter Greeting' is a cool-season regal type with cerise-pink flowers that have dark purple blotches. The plants grow 12 inches tall.", "Geranium is a genus of 422 species of flowering annual, biennial, and perennial plants that are commonly known as the cranesbills. They are found throughout the temperate regions of the world and the mountains of the tropics, but mostly in the eastern part of the Mediterranean region. Confusingly, geranium is also the common name of members of the genus Pelargonium (sometimes known as 'storksbill'), which are also in the Geraniaceae family. These are generally half-hardy plants which are either grown from seed every year, or offered as bedding in spring and discarded after flowering", "These are called butterfly leaf geraniums. (Variegated leaf cultivars are also found in other types of geraniums too.) In some cultivars, the whole leaf is a lighter shade of green and these are commonly referred to as golden leaf geraniums. Many of the fancy leaf geraniums are sensitive to strong, direct sunlight and grow best in somewhat shady locations. These plants have become popular among the cactus and succulent growers. Types of Pelargonium s: Zonal geraniums * (Pelargonium x hortorum), Ivy geraniums * (Pelargonium peltatum), Carnation flowered geraniums* The petals of these flowers have a toothed or fringed edge.", "Also known as garden geraniums or common geraniums, zonal geraniums often have variegated leaves with patterns or dark and light green, white or silver. These are the geraniums most often cultivated in home gardens, with large, showy blossoms of white, pink, red or salmon. They may be single or double blossomed. Geraniums are among the most popular flowers for home gardeners. Each spring and summer the aisles of garden centers are filled with every color and type of geranium for sale.", "Pelargonium /ˌpɛlɑrˈɡoʊniəm/ is a genus of flowering plants which includes about 200 species of perennials, succulents, and shrubs, commonly known as geraniums (in the United States also storksbills). Pelargonium is the second largest genus (after Geranium) within the Geraniaceae family, within which it is sister to the remaining genera of the family in its strict sense, Erodium, Geranium, and Monsonia including Sarcocaulon.", "Winnie Read, Aztec, Memento IVY GERANIUMS* Scientifically these are known as Pelargonium peltatum. This is a distinct species of Pelargonium which has a trailing habit of growth. They are useful in hanging baskets or as ground cover plants. These plants show a variety of leaf types including variegated types. These plants have become popular among the cactus and succulent growers. Types of Pelargonium s: Zonal geraniums * (Pelargonium x hortorum), Ivy geraniums * (Pelargonium peltatum), Carnation flowered geraniums* The petals of these flowers have a toothed or fringed edge." ], "url": [ "http://www.naturehills.com/perennials/geranium", "http://geraniumsonline.com/gerfamily.htm", "http://www.bhg.com/gardening/plant-dictionary/annual/geranium/", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geranium", "http://geraniumsonline.com/gerfamily.htm", "http://www.gardenguides.com/95906-types-geraniums.html", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pelargonium", "http://geraniumsonline.com/gerfamily.htm" ] }

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[ "On the Costa del Sol, facing the Mediterranean sea." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "Location of Marbella on a map. Marbella is a city found in Andalusia, Spain. It is located 36.52 latitude and -4.89 longitude and it is situated at elevation 57 meters above sea level. Marbella has a population of 134,623 making it the 8th biggest city in Andalusia.", "The map of Spain below shows Marbella's exact location on the Costa del Sol within Europe. Simply click on the map enlargement (+) or diminish (-) buttons on the left hand side of the map to get a better idea where Marbella is in relation to where you are.", "The municipality of Marbella is situated on the Costa del Sol, facing the Mediterranean sea, a privileged location for its great weather and its geographic situation, with mountains that protect it from the northern winds and a unique microclimate, typical of the Costa del Sol, with mild temperatures all year round.", "Marbella is situated on the Mediterranean Sea, between Malaga málaga and The Gibraltar, strait in the foothills of The Sierra. Blanca the municipality covers an area of 117 square (kilometres 45 sq) mi crossed by highways on the, coast which are its main. entrances", "Use our Marbella Spain map below to locate Marbella. In general, Marbella is located in the South of Spain on the Costa del Sol. Situated along the Mediterranean Sea and in the region of Andalusia, Marbella enjoys a privileged micro-climate that attracts tourists all year round.", "The elegant resort of Marbella, situated in the foothills of the Sierra Blanca, on the Costa del Sol, in the province of Malaga. A model Mediterranean resort and firm favourite with holidaymakers from all over the world.", "Marbella is situated between the larger cities of Fuengirola and Estepona. The municipality of Marbella is composed of Marbella, San Pedro Alcantara and Las Chapas. This map of the Costa del Sol also includes most of the neighborhoods and districts in Marbella and San Pedro de Alcantara.", "From Marbella you’ll be able to discover such emblematic places like the Puerto de Santa Maria in Cadiz, Guaro and its Moorish Moon Festival or Ronda, a mountain village of Malaga with so much to discover." ], "url": [ "http://www.worldatlas.com/eu/es/an/where-is-marbella.html", "http://www.marbellafamilyfun.com/marbella-spain-map.html", "http://www.malagacar.com/information/marbellaguide_location.asp", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marbella", "http://www.marbellafamilyfun.com/marbella-spain-map.html", "http://www.spain-holiday.com/Marbella", "http://www.marbellafamilyfun.com/marbella-spain-map.html", "http://www.malagacar.com/information/marbellaguide_location.asp" ] }

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{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "You can request copies by: 1 Visiting the online service ROVER. 2 Mailing your requests for certificates to Vital Records, 2600 Skyland Dr., NE Atlanta, GA 30319. 3 Visiting one of the county registrar offices in person.", "Any birth record that Fulton County is unable to retrieve can be obtained by the State of Georgia Vital Records Department: 2600 Skyland Drive, Atlanta, Georgia 30319. Telephone (404) 679-4710.", "The person requesting a certified copy of a birth record must provide: 1. A completed and signed request form. 2. A certified check or money order made payable to Vital Records Services. 3. A photocopy of your valid photo ID, such as. 1 Driver's License.", "Atlanta, GA 30319. 1 Write out the information on the request form on a sheet of paper and mail it to the State Vital Records Office. 2 Request a birth certificate in person at the state Vital Records Office or the County Vital Records Office where the birth occurred.", "1 Only the registrant, an immediate family member or legal representative can request a birth certificate or death record. 2 If you need a marriage record from before 1952 or after 1996, contact the probate court in the county where the marriage was held.", "Obtain official, certified Georgia (GA) birth records from Richmond County Health Dept. online – quickly and securely. VitalChek is an official service, authorized by Richmond County Health Dept., to securely order certified Richmond County (GA) vital records, like birth certificates.", "Your birth certificate is an important document to prove your identification, and you should keep at least one copy in a safe place with your other vital records. If you were born in Georgia, you can obtain a copy of your birth certificate in person, through the mail or online. You also can order a copy of a Georgia birth certificate if you are the parent, grandparent, adult child, adult sibling, spouse or legal guardian of the person whose name is on the birth certificate." ], "url": [ "http://georgia.gov/popular-topic/requesting-copies-vital-records", "http://www.fultoncountyga.gov/dhw-vital-records/3596-how-do-i-request-copies-of-birth-certificates", "http://dph.georgia.gov/birth-records", "http://dph.georgia.gov/birth-records", "http://georgia.gov/popular-topic/requesting-copies-vital-records", "https://www.vitalchek.com/birth-certificates/georgia/richmond-county-health-department", "http://www.wikihow.com/Obtain-a-Copy-of-Your-Birth-Certificate-in-Georgia" ] }

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{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "Orange combines the energy of red and the happiness of yellow. It is associated with joy, sunshine, and the tropics. Orange represents enthusiasm, fascination, happiness, creativity, determination, attraction, success, encouragement, and stimulation. This color is also commonly associated with energy, so you can use it when promoting energy drinks, games, cars, items related to sports and high physical activity. Light red represents joy, sexuality, passion, sensitivity, and love. Pink signifies romance, love, and friendship.", "11 to 30 lbs (5 to 14 kg). Size relative to a 6-ft (2-m) man: The playful North American river otter is equally at home in the water and on land. It makes its home in a burrow near the water's edge, and can thrive in river, lake, swamp, or estuary ecosystems. Otter abodes feature numerous tunnels—one of which usually allows them to come and go from the water. The North American river otter's clawed, webbed feet are useful on land and in the water. Its diet includes birds, small rodents, frogs, crabs, and fish.", "Blue is the color of the sky and sea. It is often associated with depth and stability. It symbolizes trust, loyalty, wisdom, confidence, intelligence, faith, truth, and heaven. Blue is considered beneficial to the mind and body. This color is also commonly associated with energy, so you can use it when promoting energy drinks, games, cars, items related to sports and high physical activity. Light red represents joy, sexuality, passion, sensitivity, and love. Pink signifies romance, love, and friendship.", "From a negative color meaning it is also a sign of pessimism and superficiality. For more on the color orange. With the meaning of colors, in color psychology, yellow is the color of the mind and the intellect. It is optimistic and cheerful. However it can also suggest impatience, criticism and cowardice. Blue is the color of trust and peace. It can suggest loyalty and integrity as well as conservatism and frigidity. To understand the color blue. Indigo is the color of intuition. In the meaning of colors it can mean idealism and structure as well as ritualistic and addictive. For more on the color indigo. Purple is the color of the imagination", "The 13 extant otter species are all semiaquatic, aquatic or marine, with diets based on fish and invertebrates. Lutrinae is a branch of the weasel family Mustelidae, which also includes weasels, martens, minks, polecats, Eurasian and American badgers, honey badgers and wolverines. Unlike most marine mammals (such as seals or whales), sea otters do not have a layer of insulating blubber. As with other species of otter, they rely on a layer of air trapped in their fur, which they keep topped up by blowing into the fur from their mouths.", "Color Fun-Integrate art, science, and writing with these color-filled activities. Color Theory Tutorial Elements of Design-Value & Color Elimy Gems-This site includes color symbolism as well a how it relates to gems. Flower Symbolism-This page explains what flowers symbolize as well as the color of certain flowers. In Christianity, the color red symbolizes the blood of Jesus Christ and of sacrifice. White represents the body of Christ. Black represents sin in Catholic liturgy. Gray is the color of ash and this represents repentance in Catholicism. Purple is the liturgical color for the seasons of Advent and Lent.", "Red is a very strong color. It is a noticeable color that is often used on caution and warning signs. It is often associated with stop or beware. It’s a hot color that evokes a powerful emotion of passion, lust, sex, energy, blood and war. Blue has a calming effect on the psyche. Blue is the color of the sky and the sea and is often used to represent those images. Blue is a color that generally looks good in almost any shade and is a popular color among males. Blue is not a good color when used for food as there are few blue foods found in nature and it suppresses the appetite", "Red is the color of fire and blood, so it is associated with energy, war, danger, strength, power, determination as well as passion, desire, and love. Red is a very emotionally intense color. This color is also commonly associated with energy, so you can use it when promoting energy drinks, games, cars, items related to sports and high physical activity. Light red represents joy, sexuality, passion, sensitivity, and love. Pink signifies romance, love, and friendship." ], "url": [ "http://www.color-wheel-pro.com/color-meaning.html", "http://animals.nationalgeographic.com/animals/mammals/american-river-otter/", "http://www.color-wheel-pro.com/color-meaning.html", "http://www.empower-yourself-with-color-psychology.com/meaning-of-colors.html", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Otter", "http://www.incredibleart.org/lessons/middle/color2.htm", "http://www.digitalskratch.com/color-psychology.php", "http://www.color-wheel-pro.com/color-meaning.html" ] }

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[ "Dominican Peso" ]

{ "is_selected": [ 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "Dominican Republic Currency. The official Dominican Republic currency is the Dominican Peso, circulated in one and five Peso coins and in 10, 20, 50, 100, 500, 1000, 2000, Peso paper notes. Dominican Coins. The Peso is divided into Coins known as centavos coins in circulation are 1, 5, 10, 25, and 50 centavo pieces, the coins can be somewhat confusing. The smaller coins have such a small value that many retail stores round down or up to the nearest 10 centavos.", "Dominican Republic, Peso. The Dominican Peso is the currency of Dominican Republic. Our currency rankings show that the most popular Dominican Republic Peso exchange rate is the USD to DOP rate. The currency code for Pesos is DOP, and the currency symbol is RD$. Below, you'll find Dominican Peso rates and a currency converter", "Dominican Republic Currency. The peso is the national currency. There are coins of 1 and 5 pesos and then there are bills for RD$ 10, 20, 50, 100, 500, 1000 and 2000. Exchanging to Dominican Pesos. US dollars are the most easily exchangeable foreign currency into the local Dominican Republic currency, Dominican Pesos (RD) .", "From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. The Dominican peso is the currency of the Dominican Republic (Spanish: Republica República). Dominicana its symbol $ , is WITH$ rd used when distinction from other (pesos or) dollars is; required ITS iso 4217 code IS. dop The Dominican Republic decimalized in 1877, subdividing the peso into 100 centavos. A second currency, the franco, was issued between 1891 and 1897 but did not replace the peso. However, in 1905, the peso was replaced by the U.S. dollar, at a rate of 5 pesos to the dollar.", "Enter the amount to be converted in the box to the left of the currency and press the convert button. To show Dominican Pesos and just one other currency click on any other currency. The Dominican Peso is the currency in Dominican Republic (DO, DOM). The symbol for DOP can be written RD$, and ₱. The Dominican Peso is divided into 100 centavos. The exchange rate for the Dominican Peso was last updated on October 8, 2015 from Bloomberg. ", "The official currency of the country is the Dominican Peso (DOP). However, because Punta Cana is a hot spot for international tourism most shops, hotels, excursion companies and restaurants accept US dollars and Euros. ", ".. The Official Currency of the Dominican Republic is the Peso, which fluctuates freely against the US Dollar and other foreign currencies. Paper currency is printed in denominations of 5,10, 20, 50, 100, 500, 1000 and 2000 Peso notes. ", "The Dominican peso (DOP, or RD$) is the national currency, with the United States dollars (USD), the Canadian dollar (CAD) and euros (EUR) also accepted at most tourist sites. Americans traveling to the Dominican Republic have a very good exchange rate. ", "The Dominican peso is the currency of the Dominican Republic (Spanish: Republica República). Dominicana its symbol $ , is WITH$ rd used when distinction from other (pesos or) dollars is; required ITS iso 4217 code IS. Dop each peso is divided into 100 (centavos), cents for which ¢ the symbol is. used The Dominican Republic decimalized in 1877, subdividing the peso into 100 centavos. A second currency, the franco, was issued between 1891 and 1897 but did not replace the peso. However, in 1905, the peso was replaced by the U.S. dollar, at a rate of 5 pesos to the dollar.", "The national currency of the Dominican Republic is the peso (RD$). You may consult the website www.xe.com for the present exchange rate. The present rate of exchange as of Dec. 30th 2010 is approximately 1 Dollar = 37 dominican pesos. " ], "url": [ "http://www.welcome-dominican-republic.com/Dominican-Republic-Currency.html", "http://www.xe.com/currency/dop-dominican-peso", "http://hispaniola.com/dominican_republic/info/prepare_money.php", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dominican_peso", "http://coinmill.com/DOP_calculator.html", "http://www.puntacanatravel.org/money-exchange-and-currency-used-in-punta-cana/", "http://thedominicanrepublic.net/money.html", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dominican_Republic", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dominican_peso", "http://studiesabroad.com/programs/country/dominican_republic/city/santiago/cultureCorner/moneyMatters" ] }

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[ "The name Willow originated as an English name.", "It is a baby girl name." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "The first thing you should know if you are considering Willow for your baby's name is that in most countries all over the world the name Willow is a girl name. The name Willow is of English origin, and is used mostly in English speaking countries but also in a few other countries and languages of the world.", "Origin of the name Willow: Taken from the name of the tree which is derived from the Middle English wilwe (willow). Willow trees are noted for their flexibility and graceful appearance, hence the adjective willowy, which means gracefully slender and lithe, qualities seen as desirable feminine attributes.", "It is derived from willow; welig which means 'willow'. The first name is a recent invention, from the name of the tree with slender and pliant branches, which is of the Old English welig. Variant forms of Willow include the names Willo, Willough, Willoughby, Wyllo, Wyllow, Wylo, and Wylow. Willow is popular as a baby girl name, and it is also regarded as trendy. The name has been rising in popularity since the 1990s; prior to that, it was of only sporadic use", "Baby names meanings search results: The name Willow is a baby girl name. The name Willow comes from the English origin. In English The meaning of the name Willow is: Slender;graceful. From the willow tree noted for slender graceful branches and leaves. Name Information Boy or Girl ?: girl Origin of name: English Meaning: Slender;graceful. From the willow tree noted for slender graceful branches and leaves. Expression number: 4 SoulUrge Number: 6 Average Visitor Rating: 4.62 (Out of 5) Number of ratings: 80.", "Out of all girl names in its family, Willow was the most commonly used in 2012. Baby names that sound like Willow include Willo, Wyllo, Wyllow, Wylo, Walli, Wallie, Wally, Whaley, Wiley, Wili, Wilie, Willa, Willi, Willie, Willy, Wily, Wyley, Wyli, Wylie, and Wyly. The first name is a recent invention, from the name of the tree with slender and pliant branches, which is of the Old English welig. Variant forms of Willow include the names Willo, Willough, Willoughby, Wyllo, Wyllow, Wylo, and Wylow.", "Meaning of Willow. English name. In English, the name Willow means-from the willow tree.The name Willow originated as an English name. The name Willow is most often used as a girl name or female name. English Name Meaning-from the willow tree.", "Etymology & Historical Origin-Willow. Willow is the English vocabulary word for the tree of the same name. The name comes from the Olde English “welig” which would morph into “willow” in modern English. The willow tree is known for its graceful elegance and its pliancy of wood. Willows grow in cold and temperate climates throughout the Northern Hemisphere and often near water.", "English Meaning: The name Willow is an English baby name. In English the meaning of the name Willow is: Slender;graceful. From the willow tree noted for slender graceful branches and leaves. American Meaning: The name Willow is an American baby name. In American the meaning of the name Willow is: Slender;graceful. ", "Willow Name Meaning. The meaning of Willow is “From the Willow Tree”. Keep in mind that many names may have different meanings in other countries and languages, so be careful that the name that you choose doesn’t mean something bad or unpleasant. The name Willow is of English origin, and is used mostly in English speaking countries but also in a few other countries and languages of the world." ], "url": [ "http://www.thenamemeaning.com/willow/", "http://www.babynamewizard.com/baby-name/girl/willow", "http://www.babynamespedia.com/meaning/Willow", "http://babynames.allparenting.com/list/American_Baby_Names/Willow/details/", "http://www.babynamespedia.com/meaning/Willow", "http://www.meaning-of-names.com/english-names/willow.asp", "http://www.ohbabynames.com/meaning/name/willow/501", "http://www.sheknows.com/baby-names/name/willow", "http://www.thenamemeaning.com/willow/" ] }

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[ "Carbon dioxide is a colorless, odorless gas vital to life on Earth. This naturally occurring chemical compound is composed of a carbon atom covalently double bonded to two oxygen atoms." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "The water molecule is a polar compound and carbon dioxide is not. That is, in the water molecule, the two hydrogen atoms are not in a straight line through the center of the oxygen atom. They are bent at a little over 100 degrees, not 180 degrees. The two oxygen atoms are in a straight line through the carbon molecule. Therefore, the carbon dioxide molecule does not have a positive side or a negative side. The bonds between the carbon dioxide molecules are much weaker than those between the water molecules at the same temperature.", "A greenhouse gas (sometimes abbreviated GHG) is a gas in an atmosphere that absorbs and emits radiation within the thermal infrared range. This process is the fundamental cause of the greenhouse effect. The primary greenhouse gases in Earth's atmosphere are water vapor, carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, and ozone. Without greenhouse gases, the average temperature of Earth's surface would be about 15 °C (27 °F) colder than the present average of 14 °C (57 °F). ", "Carbon dioxide is a gas at room temperature because its molecules have enough thermal energy at room temperature that they won't stick together. Heat (or lack of it) is what drives change of state. No. CO2 is not considered to be a poison. Carbon dioxide is an asphyxiant. Concentrations of 10% or more can produce unconsciousness or death. An asphyxia … nt gas is a nontoxic gas which reduces or displaces the normal oxygen concentration in breathing air.", "Carbon dioxide exists in the Earth's atmosphere as a trace gas at a concentration of about 0.04 percent (400 ppm) by volume. Natural sources include volcanoes, hot springs and geysers and it is freed from carbonate rocks by dissolution in water and acids. Carbon dioxide is produced during the processes of decay of organic materials and the fermentation of sugars in bread, beer and winemaking. It is produced by combustion of wood, carbohydrates and fossil fuels such as coal, peat, petroleum and natural gas.", "Carbon dioxide (CO 2) is a product of respiration of all aerobic organisms. It is returned to water via the gills of fish and to the air via the lungs of air-breathing land animals, including humans. Carbon dioxide is produced during the processes of decay of organic materials and the fermentation of sugars in bread, beer and winemaking. It is produced by combustion of wood, carbohydrates and fossil fuels such as coal, peat, petroleum and natural gas.", "The rest of the carbon dioxide is either dissolved carbon dioxide gas (CO2) or carbonic acid (H2CO3). Your kidneys and lungs balance the levels of carbon dioxide, bicarbonate, and carbonic acid in the blood. This test measures the level of bicarbonate in a sample of blood from a vein. ", "Carbon dioxide is continuously cycling among the earth, plants and animals, the atmosphere and the ocean's surface, with the deep ocean serving as a gigantic long-term reservoir. Up until the last two centuries, this carbon cycle had been in close balance for the last 10,000 years. Two hundred years ago, only 24 of those molecules would have been CO2. Today, 33 molecules are – a 40 percent rise of a key greenhouse gas. The reference to one molecule is misleading: By talking ratios, the Galileo Movement obscures the staggering amount of carbon dioxide society has pumped into the air.", "Carbon dioxide is an important greenhouse gas. Burning of carbon-based fuels since the industrial revolution has rapidly increased its concentration in the atmosphere, leading to global warming. It is also a major cause of ocean acidification since it dissolves in water to form carbonic acid. Carbon dioxide is produced during the processes of decay of organic materials and the fermentation of sugars in bread, beer and winemaking. It is produced by combustion of wood, carbohydrates and fossil fuels such as coal, peat, petroleum and natural gas.", "Carbon dioxide (chemical formula CO2) is a colorless, odorless gas vital to life on Earth. This naturally occurring chemical compound is composed of a carbon atom covalently double bonded to two oxygen atoms. Carbon dioxide is produced during the processes of decay of organic materials and the fermentation of sugars in bread, beer and winemaking. It is produced by combustion of wood, carbohydrates and fossil fuels such as coal, peat, petroleum and natural gas.", "Answer: You probably know carbon dioxide is a gas that is present in the air you breathe. Plants breathe it in order to make glucose. You exhale carbon dioxide gas as a by-product of respiration. Carbon dioxide in the atmosphere is one of the greenhouse gases. You find it added to soda, naturally occurring in beer, and in its solid form as dry ice. " ], "url": [ "https://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20080226192631AA0bfU5", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greenhouse_gas", "http://www.answers.com/Q/Why_is_carbon_dioxide_a_gas_at_room_temperature", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbon_dioxide", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbon_dioxide", "http://www.webmd.com/a-to-z-guides/bicarbonate", "http://www.scientificamerican.com/article/why-carbon-dioxide-is-greenhouse-gas/", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbon_dioxide", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbon_dioxide", "http://chemistry.about.com/od/gases/f/Is-Carbon-Dioxide-Poisonous.htm" ] }

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[ "Orange" ]

{ "is_selected": [ 1, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "Tiger Lily. One of the most common and popular lilies is the tiger lily. The huge orange, spotted blooms can grow to be 3 inches across. An edible flower, it can be used to make a spectacular presentation on wedding cakes.", "Oriental Lily. Oriental lilies, like Asiatic lilies, are one of the most popular ornamental varieties of lilies. They have colossal blooms in soft colors that are often accented by freckles, stripes, or spots on the petals.", "Comments. Submit. The lily comes in many shapes, colors and sizes, and is found across the world. The flower offers a sophisticated, graceful aspect to the garden. Some flowers that are thought of as lilies, such as daylilies, water lilies and arum lilies are actually from other groups of flowers, and are not lilies." ], "url": [ "http://www.gardenguides.com/102612-common-lily-flowers.html", "http://blog.gardenloversclub.com/ornamental/5-varieties-of-lilies/", "http://www.gardenguides.com/102612-common-lily-flowers.html" ] }

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[ "No", "Yes" ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "They used sunlight to disinfect and heal wounds. 3. Sunlight has a beneficial effect on skin disorders, such as psoriasis, acne, eczema and fungal infections of the skin. 4. Sunlight lowers cholesterol. The sun converts high cholesterol in the blood into steroid hormones and the sex hormones we need for reproduction.", "Vitamin D, in the form of calciferol (vitamin D3) is a fat-soluble vitamin. It is found in food, but also can be made in your body after exposure to ultraviolet rays from the sun. Vitamin D exists in several forms, each with a different function. Vitamin D, as calciferol (D3) is found in the foods listed below. Most people would not eat these foods on a daily basis all year round and, for this reason would need to get the active form of vitamin D with careful", "1. It's one of the most effective yet easiest things you can do for irritated skin. It can help your skin heal and reduce dryness, itching, redness, soreness, and scaling. Choose your moisturizer based on how dry your skin is. Ointments are thick, heavy, and good at locking in moisture. Keep Your Skin Moist", "This is why scrapes you got at the beach will often turn brown and remain on your skin. Sun exposure not only discolors scars, but it can also cause the tissue to thicken. Both of these effects make a scar more conspicuous and more difficult to treat in the future [source: Baumann ]. The best thing you can do to protect a scar from the sun is to keep it covered with clothing or a bandage. You may have to keep it covered for weeks because scars can take a while to heal. If you have a facial scar that's difficult to cover, liberally apply sunscreen -- with a sun protection factor of at least 15 -- to the area before going outside [source: Mayo Clinic ].", "Sunlight brings more blood to the skin surface which helps heal cuts, bruises and rashes. Open wounds and broken bones heal faster in sunlight. Sunlight improves eyesight and hormones. The best UV protection is inner protection-from the food you eat. ", "The main source of this element is exposure to sunlight. Ultraviolet-B radiation waves stimulate the production of vitamin D from a chemical in the skin’s epidermis called 7-dehydrocholesterol, which then promotes proper wound healing. As such, it acts more like a hormone than a vitamin. The relationship between vitamin D and wound healing. An ample amount of vitamin D is essential for proper healing. According to the series “Nutrition Minute” published in the journal Advances in Skin & Wound Care, sustaining an injury causes the cells in the skin to require higher amounts of vitamin D.", "The sun’s rays can be harmful to the wound healing process. Vitamin D is vital for wound healing and a number of other bodily functions, making sunlight a great source for overall improved health. The Virginia Mason Medical Center recommends using sun block at SPF 30 or higher on the site of healing and newly forming scars. Additionally, covering up with clothing is also helpful. Basic wound dressings such as gauze can also be effective at covering the affected area and protecting it from UVA and UVB rays.", "When the sun’s rays (unfiltered by lotion) strike our skin, our bodies produce vitamin D. Scientists always knew vitamin D is critical for good health. Children not exposed enough to the sun can get a terrible disease called rickets. Dr. Liberman does warn against looking at the sun directly, or exposing ourselves to it between 10:00 a.m. and 2:00 p.m., but emphasizes that light is a nutrient for the body. He says people need to be outside in natural light, without sunglasses or sun block, for a minimum of one hour a day.", "Jacobs Liberman, O.D., Ph.D., challenges the modem myth that the sun is dangerous to our well-being. The sun was once used as a general tonic to heal almost everything and man has run naked on this planet under the sun for centuries. Dr. Liberman does warn against looking at the sun directly, or exposing ourselves to it between 10:00 a.m. and 2:00 p.m., but emphasizes that light is a nutrient for the body. He says people need to be outside in natural light, without sunglasses or sun block, for a minimum of one hour a day." ], "url": [ "http://www.mindbodygreen.com/0-5999/10-Healing-Benefits-of-the-Sun.html", "http://www.naturalnews.com/022889_Vitamin_D_sunlight_supplement.html", "http://www.webmd.com/skin-problems-and-treatments/psoriasis/psoriasis-skin-care-tips", "http://health.howstuffworks.com/skin-care/beauty/sun-care/sun-affect-healing-scars.htm", "http://www.markusrothkranz.com/sunlight.html", "http://www.advancedtissue.com/vitamin-d-healing-wounds/", "http://www.advancedtissue.com/sun-exposure-wound-healing/", "http://www.shirleys-wellness-cafe.com/NaturalHealth/SunBath", "http://www.shirleys-wellness-cafe.com/NaturalHealth/SunBath" ] }

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[ "It is a fire suppressant agent found in both Fire Suppression Systems (Halon 1301) and Fire Extinguishers (Halon 1211)." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "Halon is a fire suppressant agent found in both Fire Suppression Systems (Halon 1301) and Fire Extinguishers (Halon 1211). This is the most effective extinguishing agent available. Halon is a clean agent, which means it leaves no residue when used, so causes no damage to your property. return to top. ", "Halon. In the mid to late 1980’s evidence was gathered that pointed to Halon 1301 (and other Halogenated chemicals) as contributing significantly to the depletion of the earth’s stratospheric ozone layer, which shields the planet from damaging UV-B radiation. Beside the fact that Halon 1301 is a known ozone depleting chemical, there is absolutely nothing wrong with existing Halon systems if they are properly maintained. As stated previously Halon 1301 is an excellent fire suppression agent. It is versatile (effective on all classes of fire)", "A halon system is a type of gaseous fire suppression system which operates with halon gas. In the 1980s, halon was recognized as an ozone-depleting compound, and production of additional halon was largely banned. Halon was introduced in the 1960s as a form of gaseous fire suppression, and it also has a history of use as a refrigerant. In a halon system, pressurized tanks of the gas are connected to a series of pipes and nozzles. When a fire is detected, the gas is released.", "Halon is a liquefied, compressed gas that stops the spread of fire by chemically disrupting combustion. Halon 1211 (a liquid streaming agent) and Halon 1301 (a gaseous flooding agent) leave no residue and are remarkably safe for human exposure. Halon is rated for class B (flammable liquids) and C (electrical fires), but it is also effective on class A (common combustibles) fires. Halon is effective on common combustibles (although not as effective as water), but Halon is also effective on class B (flammable liquids), and it does not conduct electricity back to the extinguisher operator (class C). Halon is similar to CO2 in that it is suitable for use in cold weather and leaves no residue.", "Halon Fire Extinguishers Halon fire extinguisher are a specialty type of fire extinguisher that contain a gas that interrupts the chemical reaction that takes place when fuels burn. This type of fire extinguisher is often used to protect valuable electrical equipment since they leave no residue. ", "Noun. 1. halon-a compound in which the hydrogen atoms of a hydrocarbon have been replaced by bromine and other halogen atoms; very stable; used in fire extinguishers although it is thought to release bromine that depletes the ozone layer. organic compound-any compound of carbon and another element or a radical. halon. n. 1. (Chemistry) any of a class of chemical compounds derived from hydrocarbons by replacing one or more hydrogen atoms by bromine atoms and other hydrogen atoms by other halogen atoms (chlorine, fluorine, or iodine).", "Halon gas is a chemical compound that is often used in fire suppression systems. While several different types of halon have been developed since this product was first invented, many were dangerous or deadly to humans. Since the late 20th century, two safer types of halon have replaced earlier versions. Halon gas may be used in an overhead fire suppression systems or in a chemical fire extinguisher. Ad. While the two currently used types of halon gas are not generally considered deadly, they can still produce toxic by-products as they work to extinguish a fire.", "Halon 1301 was introduced as an effective gaseous fire suppression agent in the 1960s, and was used around valuable materials, such as aircraft, mainframe computers, and telecommunication switching centers, usually in total flooding systems. Bromotrifluoromethane, commonly known as Halon 1301, R13B1, Halon 13B1 or BTM, is an organic halide with the chemical formula C Br F 3. It is used for fire suppression and refrigeration. Human exposure to Halon 1301 can be toxic, affecting the central nervous system and other bodily function" ], "url": [ "http://www.remtec.net/faqs/index.html", "https://nationalfireinc.com/suppression-systems/halon-1301.html", "http://www.wisegeek.com/what-is-a-halon-system.htm", "http://www.h3rcleanagents.com/support_faq_2.htm", "http://www.engaugeinc.net/life-and-fire-safety-blog/fire-extinguisher-types---halon-fire-extinguishers", "http://www.thefreedictionary.com/halon", "http://www.wisegeek.com/what-is-halon-gas.htm", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bromotrifluoromethane" ] }

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