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[ "13th Amendment" ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1 ], "passage_text": [ "The practice of trading in and using African slaves was introduced to the United States by the colonial powers, and when the American colonies received their common law from the United Kingdom, the legality of slavery was part of that law. The law of slavery in the United States, circa 1841. During the American colonial period, slavery was legal and practiced in all the commercial nations of Europe.", "The institution of slavery in Texas was supported by the legal system. The entire life of the slave was controlled by rules and regulations. In addition to those passed by individual masters for their own plantations there were many local and state laws. Slavery as an institution in Texas began in Stephen F. Austin's colony. when Stephen Austin was recognized as heir to his father's contract in 1821, each settlers could receive eighty acres of land for each slave brought to Texas.", "Trade in slaves was abolished shortly after the formation of the United States, by Act of Congress on March 2, 1807. Many states took steps to abolish slavery within their borders even before the formation of the federal government, and several states even routinely emancipated slaves who came within their borders. The law of slavery in the United States, circa 1841. During the American colonial period, slavery was legal and practiced in all the commercial nations of Europe.", "1 1884: France abolished slavery in its then Protectorate of Cambodia. 2 1885: Brazil passes Sexagenarians Law (Saraiva-Cotegipe Act), freeing all slaves over the age of 60, and creating other measures for the gradual abolition of slavery, such as a Manumissions Fund administered by the State. 1 ~500: Slavery (or at least slave trading) ends in Ireland, but resumes by the ninth century. 2 960: Doge of Venice Pietro IV Candiano reconvened the popular assembly and had it approve of a law prohibiting the slave trade in the Italian city-state the Republic of Venice.", "Pedro gradually passed laws that liberated his subjects. By the late 1880s, it was just a matter of time before the emperor abolished slavery in Brazil altogether. Unfortunately for the Crown, Brazilian landowners and the country's military leadership were not keen on the liberalizing policies of Pedro II. ", "Passed by Congress on January 31, 1865, and ratified on December 6, 1865, the 13th amendment abolished slavery in the United States. The 13th amendment, which formally abolished slavery in the United States, passed the Senate on April 8, 1864, and the House on January 31, 1865. On February 1, 1865, President Abraham Lincoln approved the Joint Resolution of Congress submitting the proposed amendment to the state legislatures. Lincoln recognized that the Emancipation Proclamation would have to be followed by a constitutional amendment in order to guarantee the abolishment of slavery. The 13th amendment was passed at the end of the Civil War before the Southern states had been restored to the Union and should have easily passed the Congress.", "The Thirteenth Amendment (Amendment XIII) to the United States Constitution abolished slavery and involuntary servitude, except as punishment for a crime. In Congress, it was passed by the Senate on April 8, 1864, and by the House on January 31, 1865. The Thirteenth Amendment applies to the actions of private citizens, while the Fourteenth and Fifteenth Amendments apply only to state actors. The amendment also enables Congress to pass laws against sex trafficking and other modern forms of slavery.", "All persons are equal before the law, so that no person can hold another as a slave; and the Congress shall have power to make all laws necessary and proper to carry this declaration into effect everywhere in the United States. Slavery was not abolished even after the Thirteenth Amendment. The Thirteenth Amendment applies to the actions of private citizens, while the Fourteenth and Fifteenth Amendments apply only to state actors. The amendment also enables Congress to pass laws against sex trafficking and other modern forms of slavery.", "The abolition of slavery occurred at different times in different countries, and sometimes occurred sequentially in more than one stage: for example, as abolition of the trade in slaves in a specific country, and then as abolition of slavery throughout empires. 1 ~500: Slavery (or at least slave trading) ends in Ireland, but resumes by the ninth century. 2 960: Doge of Venice Pietro IV Candiano reconvened the popular assembly and had it approve of a law prohibiting the slave trade in the Italian city-state the Republic of Venice.", "13th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution: Abolition of Slavery. The House Joint Resolution proposing the 13th amendment to the Constitution, January 31, 1865; Enrolled Acts and Resolutions of Congress, 1789-1999; General Records of the United States Government; Record Group 11; National Archives. " ], "url": [ "https://www.law.cornell.edu/background/amistad/slavery.html", "http://afrotexan.com/laws/slave_codes.htm", "https://www.law.cornell.edu/background/amistad/slavery.html", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abolition_of_slavery_timeline", "http://aaregistry.org/historic_events/view/brazil-abolishes-slavery", "http://www.ourdocuments.gov/doc.php?doc=40", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thirteenth_Amendment_to_the_United_States_Constitution", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thirteenth_Amendment_to_the_United_States_Constitution", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abolition_of_slavery_timeline", "http://www.archives.gov/historical-docs/document.html?doc=9&title.raw=13th+Amendment+to+the+U.S.+Constitution%3A+Abolition+of+Slavery" ] }

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[ "Killex is a product that will control over 50 varieties of lawn weeds, while leaving your lawn unharmed." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "To most Americans, 2, 4-D is probably just a mish mash of numbers and letters. But to farmers and gardeners, it is the most widely used herbicide in the world and the third most commonly used in North America. Chemically, the compound is known as 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid and has a molecular formula for those understand those kinds of things of C 8 H 6 C 12 O 3.", "Killex is a product that will control over 50 varieties of lawn weeds, while leaving your lawn unharmed. It is effective when applied to the leaves of actively growing weeds. It will not prevent new weeds from producing so apply only when weeds are present.. WeedEx. Weedex Dandelion Bar is a weed killer that contains 2,4-D for the control of a wide range of turf weeds including plantain, dandelions, legumes. For best results apply 1 to 3 days after mowing grass and mow the lawn 3 to 6 days after first application. Use in 18 – 27 degrees Celsius temperatures", "When broadleaf weeds take over the lawn, weed control products such as Killex, allow the homeowner to eradicate the unwanted plants. Purchased as a concentrate and diluted for use in a sprayer, the herbicide kills approximately 50 weeds commonly found in lawns. After applying Killex to the lawn, there may be bare spots where weeds once thrived. Wait 24 hours to allow the herbicide to completely dry, and then water and fertilize the lawn to encourage new grass to fill in the bare areas. Allow two to three weeks before reseeding the bare areas with grass seed.", "Links. Fact Sheet on Killex herbicideKillex* is a mixture of toxic synthetic herbicides used by lawn pesticide application companies attempting to suppress or kill broadleaf weeds. Killex contains:2,4-D MecopropDicambaKillex also contains proprietary formulants. For an example of a Killex product label, click here.Background:Killex includes inert formulants, and may include some which are deemed likely carcinogens by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC). Some forms of 2,4-D are more toxic than others; hence unequal study results. A breakdown product of 2,4-D is 2,4-dichlorophenol (2,4-DCP). ", "2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (usually referred to by its abbreviation, 2,4-D) is a common systemic herbicide used in the control of broadleaf weeds. It is a synthetic auxin (plant hormone) and one of the most widely used herbicides in the world. 2,4-D is primarily used as a synthetic auxin analog, as an herbicide. It is sold in various formulations under a wide variety of brand names.", "So if you have weeds in your lawn and you spray the whole thing with Roundup it would kill the weed and the lawn. Killex is 2-4-D, and kills broadleaf weeds only. Very handy stuff for dandelions in the grass. Roundup is glyphosate I believe and kills just about everything present. Originally Posted by squish Just sprayed some weeds yesterday and I'm basically out of both now. Especially the killex (2,4-D) is what I'll be needing. Home depot/walmart/Canadian Tire all don't sell it anymore.", "Where to get Killex and Roundup. Just sprayed some weeds yesterday and I'm basically out of both now. Especially the killex (2,4-D) is what I'll be needing. Home depot/walmart/Canadian Tire all don't sell it anymore. Originally Posted by squish", "Fact Sheet on Killex herbicideKillex* is a mixture of toxic synthetic herbicides used by lawn pesticide application companies attempting to suppress or kill broadleaf weeds. Killex includes inert formulants, and may include some which are deemed likely carcinogens by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC). Some forms of 2,4-D are more toxic than others; hence unequal study results. A breakdown product of 2,4-D is 2,4-dichlorophenol (2,4-DCP).", "Killex Liquid Herbicide Concentrate controls over 50 varieties of lawn weeds, without harming your lawnConcentrated formula provides maximum coverage for widespread weed infestationsFor use with EcoSense Dial n' Spray applicator1LNote: Not available for sale in ON, PQ, PEI, NB, NFLD, NS. " ], "url": [ "http://livinghistoryfarm.org/farminginthe70s/pests_04.html", "http://www.classiclandscapes.com/articles/fertilizer/weed-control/", "http://www.ebay.com/gds/How-to-Mix-Killex-Concentrate-/10000000205245484/g.html", "http://www.flora.org/healthyottawa/killex.htm", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic_acid", "http://www.riderfans.com/forum/showthread.php?98689-Where-to-get-Killex-and-Roundup", "http://www.riderfans.com/forum/showthread.php?98689-Where-to-get-Killex-and-Roundup", "http://www.flora.org/healthyottawa/killex.htm", "http://answers.canadiantire.ca/answers/9045/product/0593971P/killex-killex-liquid-herbicide-concentrate-1-l-questions-answers/questions.htm?page=2" ] }

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[ "3 days" ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "Fertilization: Sperm Penetrates Egg. It takes about 24 hours for a sperm cell to fertilize an egg. When the sperm penetrates the egg, the surface of the egg changes so that no other sperm can enter. At the moment of fertilization, the baby's genetic makeup is complete, including whether it's a boy or girl. A man may ejaculate 40 million to150 million sperm, which start swimming upstream toward the fallopian tubes on their mission to fertilize an egg. Fast-swimming sperm can reach the egg in a half an hour, while others may take days. The sperm can live up to 48-72 hours.", "It can take the slowest up to 12 hours. If the sperm don't find an egg in the fallopian tubes at the time of intercourse, they can survive inside you for up to seven days (NCCWCH 2013:64) . This means that if you ovulate within this time window you could still conceive. The mortality rate for sperm is very high and only a few dozen ever make it to the egg.", "When you have sex, sperm are released up into the uterus and Fallopian tube. If you happen to have sex on the same day as you have ovulates, then you could get pregnant the same day. But if you don't ovulate the same day you have sex, sperm can live for up to three days (some day even longer!). So you can get pregnant 1,2 and even 3 days after you have sex. It all comes down to when you ovulate and if there are sperm hanging around or not! The egg only lives for about a day so it's not hanging around as long as the sperm are. Conception means the day the sperm fertilized the egg", "To become pregnant naturally, one of your eggs and your partner's sperm have to meet in your fallopian tube. Your egg survives no more than 24 hours after you've ovulated. So the meeting of egg and sperm has to occur within this time. However, sperm can survive for up to seven days. They'll happily live in your vagina, uterus or fallopian tubes for this length of time (NCCWCH 2013:68) . ", "Sperm can live up to 72 hours once ejaculated. Sometimes the egg is found within 45 minutes for fertilization, while sometimes it can take as long as 12 hours. If the egg isn't yet released from the ovary, it is thought that the sperm can go into a holding pattern for about 24-48 hours while awaiting release of the egg. If an ova is to be fertilized, it is usually within 12 hours of ovulation, so the sperm must be ready. The average male ejaculate contains 200-300 million sperm, 60-90% are physically normal -- fewer than 200 of these sperm even get close to the egg, and only one sperm fertilizes the single egg released at ovulation.", "Posts: 2,282. Only a few hundred of the 250 million healthy sperm reach the egg. It takes about two hours to make the entire journey to the egg; however, some sperm are Olympic swimmers and can reach the egg in a half an hour. If no egg is available to fertilize, the sperm swim around patiently waiting to bump into one. ", "Rating Newest Oldest. Best Answer: It depends on when you ovulate. Sperm can live inside you for 3-5 days. If you have sex before you ovulate then the sperm will hang out in there until you release your egg. Once the sperm reaches the egg and it joins with it then you are pregnant. If you have sex and the egg is already released then it could take a few minutes to a few hours before the sperm joins with the egg. If you are concerned about pregnancy then you can take the morning after pill-it prevents pregnancy from occurring as long as you take it no later than 72 hours after having sex", "Conception is the instant that the sperm fertilizes the egg. So technically, it is a one second event. Sperm can live in the female body for up to 5 days after intercourse. When you ovulate, there is a 12-24 hour window for the egg to be fertilized. It gets fertilized in the upper 3rd of the fallopian tube. It then takes an additional 1-4 days to travel down into the uterus and 1-3 more days to implant. So from the moment you ovulate, it could take about one or two weeks for the egg to be fertilized and stick. Take a test two or three weeks after you had sex and you'll get your answer." ], "url": [ "http://www.webmd.com/baby/ss/slideshow-conception", "http://www.babycentre.co.uk/a545272/how-you-conceive", "http://www.babycenter.com/400_how-long-after-sex-do-you-conceive_11642427_851.bc", "http://www.babycentre.co.uk/ovulation", "http://www.pregnancyandbaby.com/conception/articles/937245/when-trying-to-get-pregnant-how-long-is-our-window-of-opportunity", "http://babyandbump.momtastic.com/trying-to-conceive/300676-long-does-take-sperm-meet-egg.html", "https://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20100220165125AAqrFbd", "https://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20090317182749AAVWwdm" ] }

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[ "The practice of craving substances with little or no nutritional value." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "Pica is the practice of craving substances with little or no nutritional value. Most pregnancy and pica related cravings involve non-food substances such as dirt or chalk. The word pica is Latin for magpie which is a bird notorious for eating almost anything. The reason that some women develop pica cravings during pregnancy is not known for certain. There is currently no identified cause; however, according to the Journal of American Dietetic Association there may be a connection to an iron deficiency.", "Pica (/ˈpaɪkə/ PY-kə) is characterized by an appetite for substances that are largely non-nutritive, such as paper, clay, metal, chalk, soil, glass, or sand. Pica has been linked to mental disorders and they often have psychotic comorbidity. Stressors such as maternal deprivation, family issues, parental neglect, pregnancy, poverty, and a disorganized family structure are strongly linked to pica.", "A person afflicted with pica has a persistent craving for a substance that is not commonly considered to be food. The substances that are craved and ingested tend to vary with the person's age. Children with pica may eat glue, animal droppings, sand, insects, leaves, or gravel. Adolescents and adults may consume clay, laundry detergent, or soil.", "Although the cravings associated with pica may be related to vitamin or mineral deficiencies, ingesting non-foods can cause serious medical complications such as intestinal obstruction, intestinal perforation, infections, or lead poisoning. Pica is most frequently seen in young children and pregnant women. Children with pica may eat glue, animal droppings, sand, insects, leaves, or gravel. Adolescents and adults may consume clay, laundry detergent, or soil.", "Before making a diagnosis of pica, the doctor will evaluate the presence of other disorders -- such as mental retardation, developmental disabilities, or obsessive-compulsive disorder -- as the cause of the odd eating behavior. Given the risk of medical complications (such as lead poisoning) associated with pica, close medical monitoring is necessary throughout treatment of the eating behavior. Additionally, close collaboration with a mental health team skilled in treating pica is ideal for optimal treatment of these complex cases.", "There are many potential complications of pica, such as: 1 Certain items, such as paint chips, may contain lead or other toxic substances and eating them can lead to poisoning, increasing the child's risk of complications including learning disabilities and brain damage. Given the risk of medical complications (such as lead poisoning) associated with pica, close medical monitoring is necessary throughout treatment of the eating behavior. Additionally, close collaboration with a mental health team skilled in treating pica is ideal for optimal treatment of these complex cases.", "People with the disorder pica compulsively eat items that have no nutritional value. An affected person might eat relatively harmless items like ice or potentially dangerous items like flakes of dried paint or pieces of metal. In the latter case, the disorder could lead to serious consequences such as lead poisoning. ", "Background. Pica is typically defined as persistent ingestion of nonnutritive substances for at least 1 month at an age for which this behavior is developmentally inappropriate. The definition is occasionally broadened to include the mouthing of nonnutritive substances. Pica is an eating disorder typically defined as the", "Pica is more commonly seen in women and children, and in areas of low socioeconomic status. Particularly it is seen in pregnant women, small children, and those with developmental disabilities such as autism. Pica has been linked to mental disorders and they often have psychotic comorbidity. Stressors such as maternal deprivation, family issues, parental neglect, pregnancy, poverty, and a disorganized family structure are strongly linked to pica.", "In this article. Pica is the persistent eating of substances such as dirt or paint that have no nutritional value. The Handbook of Clinical Child Psychology currently estimates that prevalence rates of pica range from 4%-26% among institutionalized populations. Given the risk of medical complications (such as lead poisoning) associated with pica, close medical monitoring is necessary throughout treatment of the eating behavior. Additionally, close collaboration with a mental health team skilled in treating pica is ideal for optimal treatment of these complex cases." ], "url": [ "http://americanpregnancy.org/pregnancy-health/unusual-cravings-pica/", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pica_(disorder)", "http://www.eating-disorder.com/Eating-Treatment/Eating-Disorders/pica.htm", "http://www.eating-disorder.com/Eating-Treatment/Eating-Disorders/pica.htm", "http://www.webmd.com/mental-health/mental-health-pica", "http://www.webmd.com/mental-health/mental-health-pica", "http://www.healthline.com/symptom/pica", "http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/914765-overview", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pica_(disorder)", "http://www.webmd.com/mental-health/mental-health-pica" ] }

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{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "In 2001, Briggs was inducted into the Ohio Athletic Trainers’ Association Hall of Fame. He was also the trainer for the 1995 and 1997 NBA All-Star games. As long as professional athletes are taking their bodies to the extremes of physical performance, Briggs is there to make sure every joint and muscle is well-tuned. In 18 seasons while with the Cleveland Cavaliers and the past nine in Utah, he has earned the 1999 Athletic Trainer of the Year award, and was selected as the chairman for the National Basketball Athletic Trainers Association for the 1993-94 and 1994-95 seasons.", "Contributing Factors. A professional team athletic trainer can earn a higher salary as he gains experience. In 2011, athletic trainers at all levels, with one to nine years of experience, earned $25,236 to $51,417, according to Sports Medicine Salary. With 20 or more years of experience, they made $40,244 to $78,509 annually. Trainers on professional teams earned average annual salaries of $45,000 as of 2013, according to the jobsite Indeed. The minimum requirements for athletic trainers at the professional level are a bachelor's degree in athletic training and certification through the National Athletic Trainers Association.", "According to the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, most states require athletic trainers to be certified or licensed. Becoming certified by the Board of Certification (BOC) requires the completion of a CAATE-accredited program and passing an exam. 1 Have a competitive GPA. 2 The process of selecting applicants for master's degree programs related to athletic training is highly competitive. 3 Many master's programs require that students have an undergraduate GPA of 2.75 to 3.0.", "1 Careers in Professional Athletic Training Many kids grow up dreaming that they will be star athletes and go on to play professional sports. 2 At some point, most of these kids will realize that the NBA isn't for everyo…. 3 Courses of Study To Become An Athletic Trainer The role of an athletic trainer is often misunderstood.ant to know how much nba trainers make between 75,000 and 275,000 dollars.", "Athletic trainers work with athletes in the MLB, NBA, NFL, NHL, PGA and more. A trainer's work with professional athletes is often very similar to that of athletic trainers in school sports program. Trainers in the sports field often spend a great deal of time outdoors and traveling. Athletic trainers are well-know for their work in the field of sports, however, they are actually found in a wide variety of settings. Hospitals, clinics, family physicians, and other health care facilities often employ athletic trainers to improve upon the medical care their patients are receiving.", "A bachelor's degree is the minimum requirement for an athletic trainer. College courses include human anatomy, physiology, nutrition, biomechanics, and other health and science related classes. Many accredited programs include clinical coursework as well as classroom study. Athletic trainers are well-know for their work in the field of sports, however, they are actually found in a wide variety of settings. Hospitals, clinics, family physicians, and other health care facilities often employ athletic trainers to improve upon the medical care their patients are receiving.", "This requires taking and passing a written skills test. Most states require athletic trainers to become licensed, which means that you'll have to complete a license application, provide your skills test scores and pay a licensing fee. You may also be required to attend continuing education courses to maintain your license. ", "He is in his seventh season with the Nets after serving as the head athletic trainer for the Orlando Magic for four seasons. Before that, Walsh was an assistant athletic trainer for the Knicks for 13 seasons. NBA.com sat down with Walsh to discuss his job and how he helps the Nets players Stay in the Game. There are programs throughout the country now that are strictly athletic training programs. Most athletic trainers in the league, almost all of us, handle the fouls, the timeouts, things like that. That's pretty consistent throughout the league. You do that on the bench and then obviously, deal with any injuries as they come about. Pretty much, that's it during the game." ], "url": [ "http://www.nba.com/jazz/news/day_in_the_life_athletic_trainer.html", "http://work.chron.com/much-money-athletic-trainers-make-professional-teams-23545.html", "http://study.com/articles/Athletic_Trainer_Summary_of_How_to_Become_an_Athletic_Trainer.html", "http://www.answers.com/Q/How_much_money_does_a_NBA_athletic_trainer_make", "http://www.mypursuit.com/careers-29-9091.00/Athletic_Trainer.html", "http://www.mypursuit.com/careers-29-9091.00/Athletic_Trainer.html", "http://www.ehow.com/how_6666458_become-basketball-trainer.html", "http://www.nba.com/inthegame/sitg_070111.html" ] }

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[ "Pacific Ocean and Indonesia." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "Passionate about all things Australian. Almost 80% of the world's tsunamis occur in the Pacific Ocean. Tsunamis occur most often along countries which border the Pacific Rim of Fire, or Ring of Fire'. Tsunamis are most likely to occur along areas of high tectonic activity, which is the trigger of Tsunamis in the first place. Areas of high tectonic activity are near the edge … s of plates, like the Pacific-North American plate and the Indian plate.", "Tsunamis occur most frequently in the Pacific, particularly along the Pacific Ring of Fire . This zone is found at the northern edge of the Pacific Plate and refers to the geologically most active fields of the earth. Several times a year, strong earthquakes of at least 7 on the Richter scale result in tsunamis. Generally the danger of a tsunami occurring exists where earth-and lake-quakes are possible, in areas where tectonic plates collide with each other, drift past each other or collide, as well as in other areas with geological faults. Mostly beaches and coastlines are affected by tsunamis.", "Most tsunamis, about 80 percent, happen within the Pacific Ocean’s “Ring of Fire,” a geologically active area where tectonic shifts make volcanoes and earthquakes common. Tsunamis may also be caused by underwater landslides or volcanic eruptions. Photograph by Deshakalyan Chowdhury/AFP/Getty Images. A tsunami is a series of ocean waves that sends surges of water, sometimes reaching heights of over 100 feet (30.5 meters), onto land. These walls of water can cause widespread destruction when they crash ashore", "A tsunami is a set of powerful ocean waves most commonly caused by a large earthquake or landslide that occurs near or under the ocean. Scientists do not use the term tidal wave because these waves are not caused by tides. Tsunami waves are unlike typical ocean waves generated by wind and storms. ", "Tsunamis in the Pacific Ocean. Tsunamis occur most frequently in the Pacific, particularly along the Pacific Ring of Fire. This zone is found at the northern edge of the Pacific Plate and refers to the geologically most active fields of the earth. Several times a year, strong earthquakes of at least 7 on the Richter scale result in tsunamis.", "1 Where do tsunamis most often occur in the world? 2 Tsunamis occur most often in the Pacific Ocean and Indonesia because the Pacific Rim bordering the Ocean has a large number of active submarine earthquake zones. 1 Tsunamis occur most often in the Pacific Ocean and Indonesia because the Pacific Rim bordering the Ocean has a large number of active submarine earthquake zones. 2 However, tsunamis have also occurred recently in the Mediterranean Sea region and are expected in the Caribbean Sea as well.", "Tsunamis can actually occur anywhere, but there are areas of the world where they are more likely to happen. Most Tsunamis occur around the Pacific Ocean due to high seismic activity. Japan, for example, is so prone to Tsunamis, that they even practice 'Tsunami Drills'. ", "February 27th, 2012 | Default |. Most tsunamis are caused by underwater earthquakes but not all underwater earthquakes cause tsunamis. In order for the underwater earthquake to cause a tsunami, the earthquake must rank at 6.75 or higher on the richter scale. The amount of smaller tsunamis that occur is unknown because the effects usually are not seen and/or felt. However when it comes to the larger tsunamis, there are only about six per century. 90% of which occur in the Pacific Ocean. Although recently the numbers have been going up, catastrophic tsunamis have been occurring one to two times within a decade." ], "url": [ "http://www.answers.com/Q/Where_do_tsunamis_occur_most_often", "http://www.tsunami-alarm-system.com/en/phenomenon-tsunami/phenomenon-tsunami-occurrences.html", "http://environment.nationalgeographic.com/environment/natural-disasters/tsunami-profile/", "http://soundwaves.usgs.gov/2005/01/fieldwork2.html", "http://www.tsunami-alarm-system.com/en/phenomenon-tsunami/occurrences-pacific-ocean.html", "http://nctr.pmel.noaa.gov/faq_display.php?kw=15%20March%202005%20Interview%20with%20Dr.%20Hal%20Mofjeld", "http://n-d-a.org/tsunami.php", "http://geol105naturalhazards.voices.wooster.edu/should-the-u-s-expect-a-tsunami/" ] }

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[ "At 2:20 a.m. on April 15, 1912" ]

{ "is_selected": [ 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "At 2:20 a.m. on April 15, 1912, the British ocean liner Titanic sinks into the North Atlantic Ocean about 400 miles south of Newfoundland, Canada. The massive ship, which carried 2,200 passengers and crew, had struck an iceberg two and half hours before.", "The most celebrated ocean liner of its time even before it first sailed, Titanic was an incredible feat of engineering and ambition. Its maiden voyage ended in tragedy when it struck an iceberg and sank, killing more than 1,500 passengers and crew.", "The RMS Titanic, the largest ship afloat at the time it entered service, was the second of three Olympic class ocean liners operated by the White Star Line, and was built by the Harland and Wolff shipyard in Belfast with Thomas Andrews as her naval architect. Andrews was among those lost in the sinking.", "The British ship RMS Titanic sank at 2:20 AM on April 15th 1912, having collided with the iceberg at 11:40 on April 14th. At 12.15 AM, one of the S.O.S calls from the Titanic reached its sister ship, the Olympic.", "RMS Titanic was a British passenger liner that sank in the North Atlantic Ocean in the early morning of 15 April 1912 after colliding with an iceberg during her maiden voyage from Southampton, UK, to New York City, US.", "By Justin Ewers. + More. For decades after the disaster, there was little doubt about what sank the Titanic. When the unsinkable ship, the largest, most luxurious ocean liner of its time, crashed into an iceberg on its maiden voyage in 1912, it took more than 1,500 of its 2,200 passengers to the bottom.", "The Sinking of the Titanic, 1912. O n April 10, 1912, the Titanic, largest ship afloat, left Southampton, England on her maiden voyage to New York City. The White Star Line had spared no expense in assuring her luxury.", "Titanic on her sea trials, 2 April 1912. At the time of her entry into service on 2 April 1912, Royal Mail Ship (RMS) Titanic was the second of three Olympic-class ocean liner sister ships, and was the largest ship in the world." ], "url": [ "http://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/titanic-sinks", "http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/titanic", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RMS_Titanic", "http://www.answers.com/Q/When_did_the_Titanic_sink", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RMS_Titanic", "http://www.usnews.com/news/national/articles/2008/09/25/the-secret-of-how-the-titanic-sunk", "http://www.eyewitnesstohistory.com/titanic.htm", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sinking_of_the_RMS_Titanic" ] }

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[ "$700-3000 per year" ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "The hard facts are that the cost of owning a dog is an extremely important consideration for a number of often overlooked reasons. The first concerns the purchase price of the dog. Many people balk at paying $500 to $1000 for a dog. They rationalize that they simply can not afford it and settle for a poorly bred $150 puppy instead. What a huge mistake. The cost of a guaranteed healthy, well-bred $1000 puppy is a fraction of what it will cost to own that dog for 12 years.", "The cost of owning a dog can be estimated at $700-3000 per year (see the chart at the bottom of this page). There are ways to save money depending on the choices you make. Contributing factors include your dog's size and age, the region in which you live, your own lifestyle, and your dog's individual needs.", "As a good dog owner, you should do your best to be ready for life's little surprises. Emergencies, chronic illnesses, disasters and other unplanned expenses can amount to hundreds or even thousands of dollars per year. The cost of an emergency vet hospital visit can start around $500 and go up to $2000 or more.", "According to this report, the total first-year cost of owning a dog is $1,270 and for a cat it’s $1,070. As you can see, having a pet can cost you over $1,000 in the first year, and well over $500 each additional year. Depending on the food you buy and your actual medical expenses, the costs could be much higher.", "Routine veterinary care is a huge part of keeping your dog healthy. Plan on going to the vet for wellness checkups once or twice a year at a cost of at least $150-300 yearly. Annual blood work can add about $100-200. Dental cleanings are often recommended once a year and usually cost at least $300. Of course, vet costs will be higher if your dog develops a health problem.", "Costs of owning a dog. Dogs can live for up to 15 years, so on top of the initial costs for the first year, you may be looking at an additional $910 per year minimum for the duration of the dog's life. The final figure may be more or less, depending on the dog, breed, age, size and any illness or accidents, etc." ], "url": [ "http://www.peteducation.com/article.cfm?c=2+2106&aid=1543", "http://dogs.about.com/od/becomingadogowner/a/costofdogs.htm", "http://dogs.about.com/od/becomingadogowner/a/costofdogs.htm", "http://www.moneyunder30.com/the-true-cost-of-pet-ownership", "http://dogs.about.com/od/becomingadogowner/a/costofdogs.htm", "https://www.rspcansw.org.au/learn/owning-a-pet/costs" ] }

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[ "Sixty Five Thousand dollars per year" ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "Average coroner salary. Coroner salary ranges from $25,447 to $100,685 a year. The average coroner salary is around $50,000 per annum. A coroner enjoys a top bonus of around $49,838, malpractice insurance of around $25,087 and life insurance of around $25,437. Coroner bonus by years of experience is as follows: Coroner with less than a year in service gets around $350.00 while one with 20 years of experience enjoys a top bonus of around $25,087 per year.", "Shares & Saves. Save. Death goes hand-in-hand with the job duties of the coroner, or medical examiner. Coroners investigate deaths to determine how a person died -- whether it was murder, suicide or a natural death. Part of the coroner's job involves producing reports and testifying in court about how a death occurred. Coroner salaries vary and may be dependent on a community's size and population. ", "A coroner or forensics examiner earns a good to excellent salary depending on their years of experience in the job. A coroner is usually a county-level officer, elected (rather than appointed) officials, and typically do not need to hold medical qualification for their position. Payscale.com shows coroners national salary data as $36,403 to $67,843 a year. According to Wikipedia, a coroners salary ranges from $39,000 to a maximum of $181,000 maximum after twenty years of job experience.", "Coroner’s salary by years of experience is as follows: Coroner with 1 to 4 years of experience earns $30,000 to $65,649, one working for 5 to 9 years enjoys from $27,300 to $78,000 and a coroner with 20 years or more of experience enjoys a top salary of $44,000 to $102,000 per year. Coroner bonus by years of experience is as follows: Coroner with less than a year in service gets around $350.00 while one with 20 years of experience enjoys a top bonus of around $25,087 per year. coroner salary.", "Salary and qualifications for medical examiners vary by jurisdiction, but are generally in keeping with other physicians' salaries. In Maryland in 2003, the FBI offered $115,051 to $170,225 for a board-certified pathologist, or $98,638 without board certification. A forensic neuropathologist earned $199,000, and one newly-minted pathologist on a fellowship earned just more than $100,000. The median salary for all staff in the department was $54,774.", "A Coroner will most likely earn an average pay level between 48000 and 72000 based on tenure and industry expertise. Coroners can expect an average pay level of Sixty Five Thousand dollars per year. Coroners obtain the most salary in the District of Columbia, where they earn average pay levels of just about $77520. Employees who work in this job receive the highest salary in Information, where they receive pay levels, on average, of $75450. The national wage distribution is shown below", "Salaries paid from taxpayer money are published in the state of Texas, providing a useful benchmark for evaluating the medical examiner's career path. In Harris County in 2012, the chief medical examiner earned $289,908 a year, while the deputy chief earned $239,780. Five of the assistant medical examiners earned between $200,000 and $205,000 each, while three others ranged from $170,000 to $195,000. A forensic neuropathologist earned $199,000, and one newly-minted pathologist on a fellowship earned just more than $100,000. The median salary for all staff in the department was $54,774.", "How much does a coroner make per hour? Payscale.com shows coroners national hourly wage data as $11.09 to $16.28 an hour for one year or under in experience, and $10.17 to $19.65 for up to four years experience. Payscale.com shows coroners national salary data as $36,403 to $67,843 a year. According to Wikipedia, a coroners salary ranges from $39,000 to a maximum of $181,000 maximum after twenty years of job", "In Texas, where public servants' salaries are a matter of public record, specific figures are easy to find. For example, in Harris county, the chief medical examiner earned $289,908 in 2011, while assistant medical examiners earned $170,119 to $204,140. Neighboring Oklahoma listed an opening in May 2012 for a staff forensic pathologist in its medical examiner's office, citing an annual salary of $160,000 to $185,000. Salaries can be much higher elsewhere. The American Medical Group Association places the median income for pathologists -- the point at which half earn more and half earn less -- at $354,750 per year. The industry-sponsored Explore Health Careers.org website cites a salary range of $105,000 to $500,000 for forensic pathologists.", "Coroner salary in UK. Coroner’s salary for those working in United Kingdom ranges from £16,440 to £38,211 per year with a yearly bonus of around £2,447. 10% of them earn an average of £16,000; the median enjoys £24,000; 75% takes home around £31,000 and 90% collects £38,000. Coroner bonus by years of experience is as follows: Coroner with less than a year in service gets around $350.00 while one with 20 years of experience enjoys a top bonus of around $25,087 per year. coroner salary." ], "url": [ "http://www.healthcare-salaries.com/allied-health-professionals/coroner-salary", "http://www.ehow.com/info_8714612_much-coroner-make.html", "http://www.celebritynetworth.com/articles/how-much-does/coroner-salary/", "http://www.healthcare-salaries.com/allied-health-professionals/coroner-salary", "http://work.chron.com/much-money-medical-examiner-make-year-2973.html", "https://www.recruiter.com/salaries/coroners-salary/", "http://work.chron.com/much-money-medical-examiner-make-year-2973.html", "http://www.celebritynetworth.com/articles/how-much-does/coroner-salary/", "http://work.chron.com/medical-examiner-paid-5217.html", "http://www.healthcare-salaries.com/allied-health-professionals/coroner-salary" ] }

[]

[ "No" ]

{ "is_selected": [ 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "Yes. Active TB disease can be cured with medicine. If you have active TB, you must take your medicine for at least 6 months. TB treatment is free to the patient at the Department of Health & Mental Hygiene chest centers. If people with active TB disease do no take their medication, they can become seriously ill, they can develop germs that are resistant to the TB medications and may even die. But people with active TB disease can be cured, if they have proper medical treatment and take their medication as prescribed.", "With appropriate antibiotic treatment, TB can be cured in most people. Successful treatment of TB depends on close cooperation between patients and healthcare providers. Treatment usually involves taking several antibiotic drugs for at least 6 months and sometimes for as long as 12 months. ", "If you have TB infection, you may need medicine to prevent getting TB disease later. This is called “preventive” treatment. TB disease can also be treated by taking medicine. If you have TB disease, it is very important that you finish the medicine, and take the drugs exactly as you are told. If you stop taking the drugs too soon, you can become sick again. Anyone near the sick person with TB disease can breathe TB germs into their lungs.TB germs can live in your body without making you sick. This is called latent TB infection. This means you have only inactive (sleeping) TB germs in your body. The inactive germs cannot be passed on to anyone else.", "Almost everyone infected with TB bacteria that can be killed by the medicines are cured if they take the medicines exactly as they should. The cure rate for people who have TB and HIV is similar to that for people who have only TB. It takes at least 6 months of treatment for a cure. These antibiotics kill the bacteria that cause tuberculosis (TB). Multiple-drug therapy to treat TB means taking several different antibiotics at the same time. This is the first choice of treatment for TB that is growing in your body (active TB disease).", "If you have TB infection, you may need medicine to prevent getting TB disease later. This is called “preventive” treatment. TB disease can also be treated by taking medicine. If you have TB disease, it is very important that you finish the medicine, and take the drugs exactly as you are told. If you stop taking the drugs too soon, you can become sick again. TB germs are passed through the air when someone who is sick with TB disease of the lungs or throat coughs, speaks, laughs, sings, or sneezes. Anyone near the sick person with TB disease can breathe TB germs into their lungs. TB germs can live in your body without making you sick. This is called latent TB infection.", "TB is completely curable, and in the UK treatment is free to everyone, regardless of immigration status. If tests show you have TB, you should be treated as soon as possible. This means you will feel better sooner and will be less likely to pass TB on. Maybe a family member or close friend can be your ‘treatment buddy’ and remind you to take your medicine. Your TB nurse will also support you through your treatment.", "TB is a disease caused by bacteria called Mycobacterium tuberculosis. The bacteria usually attack the lungs. But TB bacteria can attack any part of the body such as the kidney, spine, and brain. If not treated properly, TB disease can be fatal. When a person breathes in TB bacteria, the bacteria can settle in the lungs and begin to grow. From there, they can move through the blood to other parts of the body, such as the kidney, spine, and brain. TB in the lungs or throat can be infectious. This means that the bacteria can be spread to other people.", "If you have been around someone who has TB disease, you should go to your doctor or your local health department for tests.There are two tests that can be used to help detect latent TB infection: a TB skin test or a TB blood test. The skin test is used most often. Anyone near the sick person with TB disease can breathe TB germs into their lungs.TB germs can live in your body without making you sick. This is called latent TB infection. This means you have only inactive (sleeping) TB germs in your body. The inactive germs cannot be passed on to anyone else.", "Given the many effective medications available today, the chances are great that a person with TB can be cured. It is important, however, for the person to understand the disease and to cooperate fully in the therapy program. Both latent TB infection and active TB disease are treated with antibiotics. Since the advent of anti-TB medications in the 1940s, treatment of drug-susceptible TB (TB that is not drug-resistant) has become highly effective if administered and taken properly. Treatment no longer requires prolonged hospital stays. In most cases, a person with a new case of active TB can be treated at home." ], "url": [ "http://www.uft.org/our-rights/tuberculosis", "http://www.niaid.nih.gov/topics/tuberculosis/understanding/pages/treatment.aspx", "http://www.cdc.gov/tb/publications/factseries/cure_eng.pdf", "http://www.webmd.com/a-to-z-guides/multiple-drug-therapy-for-tuberculosis-tb", "http://www.cdc.gov/tb/publications/factseries/cure_eng.htm", "http://www.thetruthabouttb.org/treatment/about-the-treatment/", "http://www.southernnevadahealthdistrict.org/tb/faq.php", "http://www.cdc.gov/tb/publications/factseries/cure_eng.pdf", "http://health.usnews.com/health-conditions/allergy-asthma-respiratory/tuberculosis/treatment" ] }

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[ "Frequent urination, urgency of urination, and nocturia (urinating in the middle of the night), with or without urge incontinence. " ]

{ "is_selected": [ 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "The symptoms of an overactive bladder include frequent urination, urgency of urination, and nocturia (urinating in the middle of the night), with or without urge incontinence. Overactive bladder may cause significant social, psychological, occupational, domestic, physical, and sexual problems.", "Definition. Overactive bladder is when the bladder muscle contracts unpredictably, causing frequent urination or the sudden, strong urge to urinate with or without leakage of urine. This medical condition affects more than 13 million men and women in the US, and can be considered “wet” or “dry”.", "Your mind reads those contractions as an urgent need to urinate. If you have dry. OAB, you’ll make it to the bathroom on time but it can cause a lot of worry and anxiety. If you have the wet form of overactive bladder, you may not always make it without leaking urine (urge incontinence).", "The kidneys produce urine, which drains into your bladder. When you urinate, urine passes from your bladder through an opening at the bottom and flows out a tube called the urethra (u-REE-thruh). In women, the urethral opening is located just above the vagina. In men, the urethral opening is at the tip of the penis.", "Overactive bladder represents a collection of symptoms that include: 1 urinary urgency -- failure to be able to postpone the need to urinate. 2 frequency of urination -- the need to urinate at least eight times per day. 3 urge incontinence -- leakage of urine when one gets the urge", "Overactive bladder is when the bladder muscle contracts unpredictably, causing frequent urination or the sudden, strong urge to urinate with or without leakage of urine.", "Living with overactive bladder -- also called OAB -- can be a challenge, with the urge to urinate occurring often and suddenly. It can be doubly frustrating when you don’t know what causes overactive bladder. You’re not alone: As many as one in six adults over age 40 may have symptoms of OAB.", "An overactive bladder causes is generally caused by a muscle in the bladder that involuntarily contracts. This involuntary contraction of those muscles create the sense of urgency in the need to urinate.", "Urine leakage and bladder control problems can have many possible causes. These include: 1 Weak pelvic muscles -- muscles that have become stretched and weak due to pregnancy and childbirth, which in turn have let the bladder sag out of position and have stretched the opening of the urethra causing urine leakage." ], "url": [ "http://www.medicinenet.com/overactive_bladder/page2.htm", "https://www.cornellurology.com/clinical-conditions/female-urology-urogynecology/overactive-bladder/", "http://www.webmd.com/urinary-incontinence-oab/causes-overative-bladder", "http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/overactive-bladder/basics/causes/CON-20027632", "http://my.clevelandclinic.org/services/urology-kidney/diseases-conditions/hic-overactive-bladder", "https://www.cornellurology.com/clinical-conditions/female-urology-urogynecology/overactive-bladder/", "http://www.webmd.com/urinary-incontinence-oab/causes-overative-bladder", "http://health.alot.com/conditions/overactive-bladder-causes--465", "http://my.clevelandclinic.org/services/urology-kidney/diseases-conditions/hic-overactive-bladder" ] }

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[ "The four cases are Nominative, Genitive, Dative, and Accusative. Following is a discussion of these four different cases." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "The words of the high priest are in the genitive case in Greek and modify the word servant. (In Greek the word of is not present, but it is supplied in English in the translation of the genitive case). Likewise a noun that is in the predicate part of a sentence containing a linking verb should also be in the nominative case. For example: Christ loved the church and gave Himself for her (Eph 5:25). The word Christ is in the nominative case in Greek and is therefore the subject of this sentence. Galatians 5:22 says: But the fruit of the spirit is love, joy, peace, longsuffering, .... As the subject of the sentence, the Greek word for fruit is in the nominative case", "1 The past subjunctive form of the verb is a very important concept in Modern Greek: it is used to form the tenses: simple future, perfect, pluperfect, and future perfect. 2 It is called “subjunctive” for historical reasons, only. A feature of the Modern Greek noun phrase that often seems strange to learners of the language is the “inversion” (e.g., relative to English, or Spanish) of the possessive adjective with respect to the noun. For example, in English we say: “. book” (Spanish: “. libro”).", "Summary of the Most Common Uses of the Genitive Case (continued) Ablatival Genitives Name Definition Translated by (replacing ‘of’) Other Important Elements/ Identification Examples Genitive of Comparison (pp. 110-112) Genitive noun almost always comes after a comparative adjective. ‘namely’, ‘that is’, ‘which is’, ‘who is’ (if a personal noun) - Gives different designation of head noun, to clarify or give a different meaning to clause. -Does not give a specific example of head noun, merely describes it in different terms.", "For example: And receive...the sword of the spirit which is the word of God(Eph 6:17). The word sword in Greek is feminine gender and the word spirit is neuter gender. So it is important in this sentence to find out what is the antecedent of the relative pronoun which. Likewise a noun that is in the predicate part of a sentence containing a linking verb should also be in the nominative case. For example: Christ loved the church and gave Himself for her (Eph 5:25). The word Christ is in the nominative case in Greek and is therefore the subject of this sentence. Galatians 5:22 says: But the fruit of the spirit is love, joy, peace, longsuffering, .... As the subject of the sentence, the Greek word for fruit is in the nominative case", "Of course, the Greek article very often, but definitely not always, functions as an individualizing article, where it is used to distinguish one entity — one person, one group of persons, one thing, or one group of things — apart from all other entities. 1 Next, repeat all the previous steps for the feminine article and 1st declension case endings, then repeat them for the neuter article and the 2nd declension neuter case endings, then repeat them again for the 3rd declension case endings. 2 If the case ending is nothing, type in a dash (-).", "There are four different case forms in Greek. The four cases are Nominative, Genitive, Dative, and Accusative. Following is a discussion of these four different cases. There is another case not included in the four main noun cases because it is so closely related to the nominative: the Vocative. Likewise a noun that is in the predicate part of a sentence containing a linking verb should also be in the nominative case. For example: Christ loved the church and gave Himself for her (Eph 5:25). The word Christ is in the nominative case in Greek and is therefore the subject of this sentence. Galatians 5:22 says: But the fruit of the spirit is love, joy, peace, longsuffering, .... As the subject of the sentence, the Greek word for fruit is in the nominative cas", "For a more detailed discussion about the uses of the Greek article, with more examples, see the document Intermediate Grammar, The Greek Article. Also, this document does not discuss the way nouns are used in the various cases. 1 Next, repeat all the previous steps for the feminine article and 1st declension case endings, then repeat them for the neuter article and the 2nd declension neuter case endings, then repeat them again for the 3rd declension case endings. 2 If the case ending is nothing, type in a dash (-).", "1 In Greek: οριστική. 2 Subjunctive, usually translated by “to + infinitive” in English, as in “I want to help”. 3 The past subjunctive form of the verb is a very important concept in Modern Greek: it is used to form the tenses: simple future, perfect, pluperfect, and future perfect. A feature of the Modern Greek noun phrase that often seems strange to learners of the language is the “inversion” (e.g., relative to English, or Spanish) of the possessive adjective with respect to the noun. For example, in English we say: “. book” (Spanish: “. libro”).", "1 Subjunctive, usually translated by “to + infinitive” in English, as in “I want to help”. 2 The past subjunctive form of the verb is a very important concept in Modern Greek: it is used to form the tenses: simple future, perfect, pluperfect, and future perfect. 3 It is called “subjunctive” for historical reasons, only. A feature of the Modern Greek noun phrase that often seems strange to learners of the language is the “inversion” (e.g., relative to English, or Spanish) of the possessive adjective with respect to the noun. For example, in English we say: “. book” (Spanish: “. libro”)." ], "url": [ "http://ntgreek.org/learn_nt_greek/nouns1.htm", "http://www.foundalis.com/lan/grkgram.htm", "http://ntgreek.org/pdf/genitive_case.pdf", "http://ntgreek.org/learn_nt_greek/nouns1.htm", "http://inthesaltshaker.com/drills/article.htm", "http://ntgreek.org/learn_nt_greek/nouns1.htm", "http://inthesaltshaker.com/drills/article.htm", "http://www.foundalis.com/lan/grkgram.htm", "http://www.foundalis.com/lan/grkgram.htm" ] }

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[ "Grant's homestead." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 1, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "Origin of the name Graham: Transferred use of the surname originating from the place-name Grantham in Lincolnshire. The first element is uncertain, but the second is from the Old English ham (home, dwelling, manor).", "Meaning & History. From a Scottish surname, originally derived from the English place name Grantham, which probably meant gravelly homestead in Old English. The surname was first taken to Scotland in the 12th century by the Norman baron William de Graham.", "Scottish Meaning: The name Graham is a Scottish baby name. In Scottish the meaning of the name Graham is: This Scottish surname is aLincolnshire place name Grantham, meaning Grant's homestead, and is also a common given name. Famous bearer: British writer Graham Greene. Teutonic Meaning: The name Graham is a Teutonic", "Meaning & History. Derived from the English place name Grantham which probably meant gravelly homestead in Old English. The surname was first taken to Scotland in the 12th century by William de Graham." ], "url": [ "http://www.babynamewizard.com/baby-name/boy/graham", "http://www.behindthename.com/name/graham", "http://www.sheknows.com/baby-names/name/graham", "http://surnames.behindthename.com/name/graham" ] }

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[ "It occurs when a fungus attacks a fingernail, a toenail, or the skin under the nail, called the nail bed." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "When you have a fungal nail infection, it can be uncomfortable or even painful to wear shoes, walk, or stand for a long time. The fungus could also spread to other nails or your skin. Over time, the infection can cause permanent damage to your nail or nail bed. You can get a fungal nail infection from walking barefoot in public showers or pools or by sharing personal items, such as towels and nail clippers. If you have athlete's foot, the fungus can spread from your skin to your nails. A nail with a fungal infection may: 1 Turn yellow or white. 2 Get thicker.", "A fungal nail infection occurs from the overgrowth of fungi in, under, or on the nail. Fungi thrive in warm, moist environments, so this type of environment can cause them to naturally overpopulate. The same fungi that cause jock itch, athlete’s foot, and ringworm can cause infection in the nails. Fungal infections can affect any part of the body, from the skin to the eyes. Fungi are normally present in and around the body along with bacteria. When a fungus begins to overgrow, an infection can occur. Onychomycosis (also called tinea unguium) is a fungal infection that affects", "Fungal nail infection. A fungal nail infection occurs when a fungus attacks a fingernail, a toenail, or the skin under the nail, called the nail bed. Fungal nail infections are relatively common. Fungi can attack your nails through small cuts in the skin around your nail or through the opening between your nail and nail bed. Image © ISM/Phototake. In healthy people, a fungal nail infection probably won't cause serious problems. However, it may look unpleasant and damage your nail or nail bed.", "Topic Overview. A fungal nail infection occurs when a fungus attacks a fingernail, a toenail, or the skin under the nail, called the nail bed. Fungi (plural of fungus) can attack your nails through small cuts in the skin around your nail or through the opening between your nail and nail bed. You can get a fungal nail infection from walking barefoot in public showers or pools or by sharing personal items, such as towels and nail clippers. If you have athlete's foot, the fungus can spread from your skin to your nails. A nail with a fungal infection may: 1 Turn yellow or white. 2 Get thicker.", "Also known as onychomycosis and tinea unguium, nail fungal infections are the most common diseases of the nails, making up about 50% of nail abnormalities. Both fingernails and toenails are susceptible to the infection, which usually manifests as discoloration and thickening of the nail and crumbling edges. In order to diagnose nail fungus infections, a doctor will usually examine debris that is scraped from underneath the nail. The nail scrapings will be used in tests such as a potassium hydroxide (KOH) smear or a fungal culture. The KOH test can be quickly performed, while the fungal culture can take weeks.", "Nail fungus. Nail fungus is a common condition that begins as a white or yellow spot under the tip of your fingernail or toenail. As the fungal infection goes deeper, nail fungus may cause your nail to discolor, thicken and crumble at the edge. It can affect several nails but usually not all of them. If your condition is mild and not bothering you, you may not need treatment. But even if treatment is successful, nail fungus often comes back. Nail fungus is also called onychomycosis (on-ih-koh-my-KOH-sis) and tinea unguium. When fungus infects the areas between your toes and the skin of your feet, it's called athlete's foot (tinea pedis)." ], "url": [ "http://www.webmd.com/skin-problems-and-treatments/guide/fungal-nail-infections-topic-overview", "http://www.healthline.com/health/fungal-nail-infection", "http://www.webmd.boots.com/skin-problems-and-treatments/guide/fungal-nail-infection", "http://www.webmd.com/skin-problems-and-treatments/guide/fungal-nail-infections-topic-overview", "http://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/151952.php", "http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/nail-fungus/basics/definition/CON-20019319" ] }

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[ "10 and 20 milligrams (mg)" ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "Oral Baclofen Dosage. 1 Days 1 through 3 -- 5 mg three times a day. 2 Days 4 through 6 -- 10 mg three times a day. 3 Days 7 through 9 -- 15 mg three times a day. 4 Days 10 through 12 -- 2", "Baclofen Dosage. Baclofen comes in tablets of 10 and 20 milligrams (mg), and you'll usually take an equally divided dose three times a day. Tablets have a score mark, which is an indented line down the middle, so you can cut them in half if necessary. Your doctor may start you at a low dose and then gradually increase it as needed.", "1 Days 1 through 3 -- 5 mg three times a day. 2 Days 4 through 6 -- 10 mg three times a day. 3 Days 7 through 9 -- 15 mg three times a day. 4 Days 10 through 12 -- 2", "15 mg t.i.d. for 3 days. 20 mg t.i.d. for 3 days. Thereafter additional increases may be necessary but the total daily dose should not exceed a maximum of 80 mg daily (20 mg q.i.d.). The lowest dose compatible with an optimal response is recommended.", "1 Children above 8 years of age: the maximum daily dose should not exceed 60mg per day. 2 Baclofen tablets are not suitable for use in children below 33kg body weight. 3 Patients with kidney problems: Your doctor may give you a smaller dose such as 5mg a day.", "1 Adults and teenagers—At first, the dose is 5 milligrams (mg) three times a day. 2 Then, each dose may be increased by 5 mg every three days until the desired response is reached. 3 No more than 80 mg should be taken within a twenty-four-hour period.", "If necessary, the dose can be increased up to a maximum of 20 mg four times daily. The lowest effective dosage should be used, as higher doses increase the risk of baclofen side effects." ], "url": [ "http://multiple-sclerosis.emedtv.com/baclofen/baclofen-dosage.html", "http://www.everydayhealth.com/drugs/baclofen", "http://multiple-sclerosis.emedtv.com/baclofen/baclofen-dosage.html", "http://www.rxlist.com/baclofen-drug/indications-dosage.htm", "http://xpil.medicines.org.uk/ViewPil.aspx?DocID=18036", "http://www.mayoclinic.org/drugs-supplements/baclofen-oral-route/proper-use/DRG-20067995", "http://multiple-sclerosis.emedtv.com/baclofen/baclofen-dosage.html" ] }

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[ "A point of service plan, is a type of managed care health insurance plan in the United States.It combines characteristics of the health maintenance organization (HMO) and the preferred provider organization (PPO).", "A point of service plan, is a type of managed care health insurance plan in the United States." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "Point of Sale (POS) Technology. The term Point of Sale is often used in connection or relative with the hardware and software for checkouts. In the case of some locations, with wireless capable systems or network wired via TCP/IP. OPOS, short for OLE for Point of Sale, was the first commonly adopted standard and was initiated by Microsoft, NCR Corporation, Epson and Fujitsu-ICL. OPOS is a COM-based interface compatible with all COM-enabled programming languages for Microsoft Windows.", "A point of service plan, is a type of managed care health insurance plan in the United States. It combines characteristics of the health maintenance organization (HMO) and the preferred provider organization (PPO). Enrollees in a POS plan are required to choose a primary care physician from within the health care network; this PCP becomes their point of service.", "Once the server has fulfilled the client's request, the connection is terminated. Your Web browser is a client program that has requested a service from a server; in fact, the service and resouce the server provided is the delivery of this Web page. Other program relationship models included master/slave and peer-to-peer (P2P). In the P2P model, each node in the network can function as both a server and a client. In the master/slave model, one device or process (known as the master) controls one or more other devices or processes (known as slaves).", "The requirements model is written from the point of view of your system's users, whether they are people or other software components. They know nothing of the internal workings of your system. By contrast, your goal in an architectural model is to describe the internal workings and show how they meet the users' needs. To help ensure that your software system or application meets your users' needs, you can create models in Visual Studio as part of your description of the overall structure and behavior of your software system or application. Using models, you can also describe patterns that are used throughout the design.", "But POS health insurance does differ from other managed care plans. Enrollees in a POS plan are required to choose a primary care physician from within the health care network; this PCP becomes their point of service. The PCP may make referrals outside the network, but with lesser compensation offered by the patient's health insurance company", "The point of sale is often referred to as the point of service because it is not just a point of sale but also a point of return or customer order. Additionally, today POS software may include additional features to cater for different functionality, such as inventory management, CRM, financials, warehousing, etc. At the point of sale, the merchant would prepare an invoice for the customer (which may be a cash register printout) or otherwise calculate the amount owed by the customer and provide options for the customer to make payment. After receiving payment, the merchant will also normally issue a receipt for the transaction.", "For example, a grocery or candy store may use a scale at the point of sale, while a bar and restaurant may use software to customize the item or service sold when a customer has a meal or drink request. At the point of sale, the merchant would prepare an invoice for the customer (which may be a cash register printout) or otherwise calculate the amount owed by the customer and provide options for the customer to make payment. After receiving payment, the merchant will also normally issue a receipt for the transaction.", "The point of sale (POS) is the time and place where a retail transaction is completed. It is the point at which a customer makes a payment to the merchant in exchange for goods or after provision of a service. At the point of sale, the merchant would prepare an invoice for the customer (which may be a cash register printout) or otherwise calculate the amount owed by the customer and provide options for the customer to make payment. After receiving payment, the merchant will also normally issue a receipt for the transaction.", "And Why it is Essential for a Retail Business. POS or PoS is an abbreviation for Point of Sale (or Point-of-Sale, or Point of Service). The term is applicable to a retail shop or store, the checkout/cashier counter in the store, or a location where such transactions can occur in this type of environment. OPOS, short for OLE for Point of Sale, was the first commonly adopted standard and was initiated by Microsoft, NCR Corporation, Epson and Fujitsu-ICL. OPOS is a COM-based interface compatible with all COM-enabled programming languages for Microsoft Windows.", "Computer transactions in which the server fulfills a request made by a client are very common and the client/server model has become one of the central ideas of network computing. Most business applications use the client/server model as does does the Internet's main program, TCP/IP. Other program relationship models included master/slave and peer-to-peer (P2P). In the P2P model, each node in the network can function as both a server and a client. In the master/slave model, one device or process (known as the master) controls one or more other devices or processes (known as slaves)." ], "url": [ "http://www.posmatic.com/point-of-sale/what-is-point-of-sale.php", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Point_of_service_plan", "http://searchnetworking.techtarget.com/definition/client-server", "https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/dd490886.aspx", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Point_of_service_plan", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Point_of_sale", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Point_of_sale", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Point_of_sale", "http://www.posmatic.com/point-of-sale/what-is-point-of-sale.php", "http://searchnetworking.techtarget.com/definition/client-server" ] }

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[ "This genus is part of a Phylum of single-celled protist organisms called Apicomplexa. The Apicomplexans mostly posses an organ called an apicoplast, which is part of an apical structure designed to aid entry into a host cell.", "Genus Plasmodium (phylum Apicomplexa)" ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1 ], "passage_text": [ "Malaria. Malaria is caused by a parasite called Plasmodium, which is transmitted via the bites of infected mosquitoes. In the human body, the parasites multiply in the liver, and then infect red blood cells. Symptoms of malaria include fever, headache, and vomiting, and usually appear between 10 and 15 days after the mosquito bite.", "Malaria parasites belong to the genus Plasmodium (phylum Apicomplexa). In humans, malaria is caused by P. falciparum, P. malariae, P. ovale, P. vivax and P. knowlesi. Among those infected, P. falciparum is the most common species identified (~75%) followed by P. vivax (~20%).", "The parasites travel to the liver where they mature and reproduce. Five species of Plasmodium can infect and be spread by humans. Most deaths are caused by P. falciparum because P. vivax, P. ovale, and P. malariae generally cause a milder form of malaria. The species P. knowlesi rarely causes disease in humans. In humans, malaria is caused by P. falciparum, P. malariae, P. ovale, P. vivax and P. knowlesi. Among those infected, P. falciparum is the most common species identified (~75%) followed by P. vivax (~20%).", "Plasmodium, the parasite responsible for human malaria, is among the most researched genera of parasites in the world. Despite extensive studies on possible control methods, infection in humans continues to grow in tropic and sub-tropic areas. Treatment of malaria (1) depends on the species of the infecting parasite and the density of that parasite in the bloodstream. Other relevant factors for treatment include the parasite’s drug resistance status and the country where the parasite was contracted (2).", "Disease Etiology: Malaria, an infectious disease caused by a parasite called Plasmodium, which infects red blood cells and is normally spread through four Plasmodium parasites, are known to infect humans. The four parasites are; Plasmodium falciparium, Plasmodium vivax, Plasmodium ovale, and Plasmodium malariae. (1). It has been recognized that P. knowlesi, a type of malaria that naturally infects macaques in Southeast Asia, also infects humans, causing malaria that is transmitted from animal to human.", "Malaria Parasites. Malaria parasites are micro-organisms that belong to the genus Plasmodium. There are more than 100 species of Plasmodium, which can infect many animal species such as reptiles, birds, and various mammals. Four species of Plasmodium have long been recognized to infect humans in nature.", "P. malariae is one of the four species of the genus Plasmodium that uses humans as a primary host. The other three species are P. falciparum, P. vivax, and P. vivale. - Plasmodium malariae is the only human malaria parasite species that has a quartan cycle (three-day cycle).", "Malaria is a mosquito-borne infectious disease of humans and other animals caused by parasitic protozoans (a group of single-celled microorganism) belonging to the genus Plasmodium. In humans, malaria is caused by P. falciparum, P. malariae, P. ovale, P. vivax and P. knowlesi. Among those infected, P. falciparum is the most common species identified (~75%) followed by P. vivax (~20%).", "The parasite is thought to have originated from Dinoflagellates, photosynthetic protozoa. The most common forms of human malaria are caused by Plasmodium falciparum, P. vivax, P. knowlesi, and P. malariae. P. falciparum, common in sub-Saharan Africa, and P. knowlesi, common in Southeast Asia, are especially dangerous. ", "ANSWER. Malaria is caused by a single celled protist of the genus Plasmodium. This genus is part of a Phylum of single-celled protist organisms called Apicomplexa. The Apicomplexans mostly posses an organ called an apicoplast, which is part of an apical structure designed to aid entry into a host cell. The family contains about twelve genera, of which one is Plasmodium, which itself is now often divided up into numerous sub-genera, and then again into hundreds of different species, of which five infect humans (P. falciparum, P. vivax, P. ovale, P. malariae and P. knowlesi)." ], "url": [ "http://www.who.int/topics/malaria/en/", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaria", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaria", "http://microbewiki.kenyon.edu/index.php/Plasmodium", "http://www.austincc.edu/microbio/2993t/pf.htm", "http://www.cdc.gov/malaria/about/biology/parasites.html", "http://microbewiki.kenyon.edu/index.php/Plasmodium_malariae", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaria", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plasmodium", "http://www.malaria.com/questions/classification-malaria-parasite" ] }

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[ "Yes" ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "Your doctor can help you know your risk of heart disease, heart attack, and stroke. Your doctor will look at things that put you at risk, including blood pressure, cholesterol, diabetes, and your age, sex, and race. A coronary calcium scan is not advised for routine screening for coronary artery disease.", "Coronary artery calcification occurs when calcium builds up in the inner lining of the coronary arteries that deliver blood supply to the heart. High blood pressure may increase an individual's chance of having coronary artery calcification.", "In this article. Atherosclerosis -- sometimes called hardening of the arteries -- can slowly narrow and harden the arteries throughout the body. When atherosclerosis affects the arteries of the heart, it’s called coronary artery disease. Coronary artery disease is the No. 1 killer of Americans.", "Coronary artery calcification is the result of calcium deposition in the coronary arteries. Coronary arteries are blood vessels that deliver blood supply to the heart for its nourishment and oxygen needs.", "No calcium (pink) is present in the LAD or diagonal branch. Coronary artery calcification-CT. Image obtained in a patient with a large amount of calcium in the left anterior descending (LAD) artery. Note that other hyperattenuating structures (eg, bone, calcified lymph nodes) are pink.", "Calcium gradually builds up in the inner lining of the arteries, forming layers of plaque that eventually lead to the development of coronary artery disease. Blood vessels affected by calcification harden and become narrow over time. When this happens, blood supply going to the heart becomes limited.", "Coronary calcium scans are also called cardiac calcium scoring. The coronary arteries supply blood to the heart. Normally, the coronary arteries do not contain calcium. Calcium in the coronary arteries may be a sign of coronary artery disease (CAD) . A CT scan takes pictures of the heart in thin sections.", "A coronary calcium scan is a test that looks for specks of calcium in the walls of the coronary (heart) arteries. These specks of calcium are called calcifications (KAL-sih-fih-KA-shuns). Calcifications in the coronary arteries are an early sign of coronary heart disease (CHD)." ], "url": [ "http://www.webmd.com/heart-disease/cardiac-calcium-scoring", "http://www.wisegeekhealth.com/what-is-coronary-artery-calcification.htm", "http://www.webmd.com/heart-disease/atherosclerosis-and-coronary-artery-disease", "http://www.wisegeekhealth.com/what-is-coronary-artery-calcification.htm", "http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/352189-overview", "http://www.wisegeekhealth.com/what-is-coronary-artery-calcification.htm", "http://www.webmd.com/heart-disease/cardiac-calcium-scoring", "http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/health-topics/topics/cscan/" ] }

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[ "Up to 14 days." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1 ], "passage_text": [ "1 For returns due to QVC error or item defect(s), there's no charge for use of the Q Return Label. 2 If you're returning through a shipping carrier of your choice, select ground service and insure the item for full value of the merchandise being returned. 3 Remember to enclose the completed return form in the package. 1 If you lost your pack slip, you can print a new one from your Order Status. 2 Option B: Use a shipping carrier of your choice. 3 Step 4: Cover/remove all original shipping labels on the box or package it arrived in. 4 If you're using the Q Return Label, remove the label and affix it to your package.", "I sent them an item I was returning for a credit. I have verification they recieved it 1/7/11, two weeks ago today, and they still have not refunded my money. How long is this suppose to take? I did not use their return label, snail mail labels and they take even longer. I returned it myself though USPS. ", "Even if the merchandise you purchased was for a gift, you can return within 30 days of the date you received it for an exchange or a refund of the purchase price, minus the original shipping and handling and the Q Return Label fee. QVC makes returns easy. Love It or Return It. Any holiday gift you purchase now through December 23, 2015 at Noon ET can be returned for any reason for a refund of the purchase price, minus the original S&H and the Q Return Label fee, until January 31, 2016.", "You should allow up to 14 days for your return to be processed from the date you sent the products back to us. ", "1 Look for Parcel Return Service in the center of the label. 2 If you no longer have the pack slip or it does not provide a Q Return Label, print a return label here or contact Customer Service to ensure the item can be picked up. 3 Attach the Q Return Label to your package. 1 If you lost your pack slip, you can print a new one from your Order Status. 2 Option B: Use a shipping carrier of your choice. 3 Step 4: Cover/remove all original shipping labels on the box or package it arrived in. 4 If you're using the Q Return Label, remove the label and affix it to your package.", "How long does a REFUND take from QVC. Hi I sent back a item to QVC over 2 weeks ago and it is still showing up as not being refunded how long does it normally take to get back in your account as it was by courier Thanks. 28-10-2009, 11:44 AM #2. VIP Shopper", "QVC: Customer Service: Returns. Any holiday gift you purchase now through December 23, 2015 at Noon ET can be returned for any reason for a refund of the purchase price, minus the original S&H and the Q Return Label fee, until January 31, 2016. Shop with confidence on QVC. Love It or Return It", "The Q Return Label fee will be deducted from your return refund. To schedule a USPS pickup for your return, follow the below steps: 1 Check the Q Return Label on your pack slip to be sure a pickup can be scheduled for your item. 2 Look for Parcel Return Service in the center of the label. 1 If you lost your pack slip, you can print a new one from your Order Status. 2 Option B: Use a shipping carrier of your choice. 3 Step 4: Cover/remove all original shipping labels on the box or package it arrived in. 4 If you're using the Q Return Label, remove the label and affix it to your package.", "It can take up to 14 days for your return to be processed. We will automatically issue any refund to the card you used to place the original order and then it is up to your bank/card issuer to process our payment back to you. This should typically take 5 working days in the UK, depending on your bank/card issuer." ], "url": [ "http://www.qvc.com/FAQReturns.content.html", "http://community.qvc.com/t5/Q-Talk/How-long-does-it-take-the-Q-to-process-a-return/td-p/20959", "http://www.qvc.com/Returns.content.html", "http://customercare.qvcuk.com/help/returns/refunds-replacements/how-long-process-return", "http://www.qvc.com/FAQReturns.content.html", "http://forum.shoppingtelly.com/forum/showthread.php?16876-How-long-does-a-REFUND-take-from-QVC", "http://www.qvc.com/Returns.content.html", "http://www.qvc.com/FAQReturns.content.html", "http://customercare.qvcuk.com/help/returns/refunds-replacements/not-refunded" ] }

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[ "A social identity is the portion of an individual's self-concept derived from perceived membership in a relevant social group." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "A social identity is the portion of an individual's self-concept derived from perceived membership in a relevant social group. As originally formulated by Henri Tajfel and John Turner in the 1970s and the 1980s, social identity theory introduced the concept of a social identity as a way in which to explain intergroup behaviour.", "Social Identity Theory asserts that group membership creates ingroup/ self-categorization and enhancement in ways that favor the in-group at the expense of the out-group. Social Identity Theory was developed by Tajfel and Turner in 1979. The theory was originally developed to understand the psychological basis of intergroup discrimination.", "Therefore we divided the world into “them” and “us” based through a process of social categorization (i.e. we put people into social groups). This is known as in-group (us) and out-group (them). Social identity theory states that the in-group will discriminate against the out-group to enhance their self-image. The central hypothesis of social identity theory is that group members of an in-group will seek to find negative aspects of an out-group, thus enhancing their self-image. Henri Tajfel's greatest contribution to psychology was social identity theory. Social identity is a person’s sense of who they are based on their group membership(s). Tajfel (1979) proposed that the groups (e.g. social class, family, football team etc.) which people belonged to were an important source of pride and self-esteem", "Social identity theory compares how behavior and identity vary situationally based on people's fluid concepts of themselves as either individuals or as members of groups. It posits that people inherently create and identify with groups, and will promote their groups to the detriment of others. ", "Ideas in depth. Social identity theory proposes that, when acting in groups, we define ourselves in terms of our group membership and seek to have our group valued positively relative to other groups. Social identity theory argues that this depends upon two factors. The first is permeability. If we believe that we can still progress in society despite our group membership (i.e., group boundaries are permeable) we will try to distance ourselves from the group and be seen as an individual.", "In the Social Identity Theory, a person has not one, “personal self”, but rather several selves that correspond to widening circles of group membership. Different social contexts may trigger an individual to think, feel and act on basis of his personal, family or national “level of self” (Turner et al, 1987). Social Identity Theory was developed by Tajfel and Turner in 1979. The theory was originally developed to understand the psychological basis of intergroup discrimination.", "The term social identity approach, or social identity perspective, is suggested for describing the joint contributions of both social identity theory and self-categorization theory. As originally formulated by Henri Tajfel and John Turner in the 1970s and the 1980s, social identity theory introduced the concept of a social identity as a way in which to explain intergroup behaviour.", "Social identity theory states that social behavior will vary along a continuum between interpersonal behavior and intergroup behaviour. Completely interpersonal behaviour would be behaviour determined solely by the individual characteristics and interpersonal relationships that exists between two or more people. As originally formulated by Henri Tajfel and John Turner in the 1970s and the 1980s, social identity theory introduced the concept of a social identity as a way in which to explain", "Social identity theory is best described as a theory that predicts certain intergroup behaviours on the basis of perceived group status differences, the perceived legitimacy and stability of those status differences, and the perceived ability to move from one group to another. As originally formulated by Henri Tajfel and John Turner in the 1970s and the 1980s, social identity theory introduced the concept of a social identity as a way in which to explain intergroup behaviour." ], "url": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_identity_theory", "https://www.utwente.nl/cw/theorieenoverzicht/Theory%20clusters/Interpersonal%20Communication%20and%20Relations/Social_Identity_Theory/", "http://www.simplypsychology.org/social-identity-theory.html", "http://www.chegg.com/homework-help/definitions/social-identity-49", "http://www.bbcprisonstudy.org/resources.php?p=59", "https://www.utwente.nl/cw/theorieenoverzicht/Theory%20clusters/Interpersonal%20Communication%20and%20Relations/Social_Identity_Theory/", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_identity_theory", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_identity_theory", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_identity_theory" ] }

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[ "Because like the snake, Kobe's strike is deadly." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "He gave himself the name Black Mamba and since then he has been known and called as such by his avid fans, followers and media .Black Mamba is a dreaded and a venomous snake well-known for its speed, deadly precision and terrifying agility.", "Well man the best answer is that The black mamba is deadly Kobe is deadly and the black mamba is fast quick powerful and it s an assassin and when Kobe does his moves or dunks he use all of that into one. LeVeda · 1 month ago. Thumbs up. 1. Thumbs down.", "Making the world better, one answer at a time. A black mamba is a very dangerous snake that kills any animal it strikes instantly. Kobe Bryant's skills are akin to a black mamba's skills.", "Best Answer: First off all, that's very gay. The reason he is called the Black Mamba is because like the snake, Kobe's strike is deadly. The black mamba is one of the worlds most deadliest snakes. Kobe Bryant is the NBA's most deadliest player. It has also been said to be the most aggressive snake in the world attacking for no reason.", "Kobe Bryant is known as the Black Mamba. Sure, it’s only a nickname, but it’s meant to describe his ability to strike quickly and without warning. Apparently, it’s also meant to describe Kobe’s tendency to hiss on the court like an actual snake.", "These skills best describe Kobe on the court who has led his Los Angeles Lakers team to various victories. The Black Mamba snake which is commonly found in Africa can grow up to 14 feet, has incredible speed and aptly called the fastest land snake. It is characteristically shy, secretive and got its name from the black and purple color on the lining of its mouth." ], "url": [ "http://www.knowswhy.com/why-is-kobe-called-black-mamba/", "https://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20071201074826AAk18hD", "http://www.answers.com/Q/Why_is_Kobe_called_the_black_mamba", "https://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20071201074826AAk18hD", "http://www.sportsgrid.com/nba/kobe-bryant-hisses/", "http://www.knowswhy.com/why-is-kobe-called-black-mamba/" ] }

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[ "Constricted blood vessels; dilated pupils; and increased temperature, heart rate, and blood pressure." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "Long-Term Effects of Cocaine. Long-term cocaine use can lead to heart arrhythmia and heart attacks, strokes, seizures, headaches, abdominal pain, ulcers, nausea, and sometimes death. Long-term use can also affect the kidneys. Users may also experience extreme weight loss. These effects can happen regardless of age or health.", "What are its short-term effects? Short-term effects of cocaine/crack include constricted peripheral blood vessels, dilated pupils, increased temperature, heart rate, blood pressure, insomnia, loss of appetite, feelings of restlessness, irritability, and anxiety.", "Most of the time, the short-term effects of cocaine use only last for about 30 minutes at most. In many cases, especially when cocaine is smoked or injected, the effects come on very, very quickly and they also seem to dissipate very, very quickly.", "Short-Term Effects of Cocaine Use. In the short term, cocaine can cause: 1 Talkativeness and sociability. 2 Extreme mental alertness. 3 Nervousness and jumpiness. 4 Anxiety, especially about being caught using. 5 Irritability. 6 Paranoia. 7 Diminished decision-making ability. 8 Insomnia.", "The short-term physiological effects of cocaine include constricted blood vessels; dilated pupils; and increased temperature, heart rate, and blood pressure. Large amounts (several hundred milligrams or more) intensify the user’s high, but may also lead to bizarre, erratic, and violent behavior.", "The long-term effects of cocaine abuse are even more serious than those experienced by a short-term user, and the consequences of long-term abuse can be severe as the cocaine dominates the chemistry of the brain." ], "url": [ "http://drugabuse.com/library/the-effects-of-cocaine-use/", "http://www.drugfree.org/drug-guide/cocainecrack/", "http://cocaine.org/effects/", "http://www.intheknowzone.com/substance-abuse-topics/cocaine/short-term-effects.html", "http://drug-effects.us/cocaine-effects-short-long-term/", "http://www.projectknow.com/research/cocaine-effects/" ] }

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[ "This knot feels like a pea buried deep in the muscle, and can feel as big as a thumb. It maintains a hard contraction on the muscle fibres connected to it, thus causing a tight band that can also be felt in the muscle." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "The phenomenon of muscle knots is not uncommon. Essentially, muscle knots are sections within the various muscles of the body that have constricted and create pain that is consistent. The condition is common enough to merit the application of a scientific name, which is myofascial trigger points.", "Muscle knots, also called myofascial trigger points, are painful and can even be responsible for headaches. Caused by overuse, misuse, stress, or anxiety, muscles knots can be as hard to work out.", "If you are developing muscle knots frequently from lifting weights in your shoulders, neck, or upper, or middle back, the likely cause is a postural issue. For example, if you have rounded shoulders from sitting in a office, your back muscles are already overstretched because your shoulders are rounded forwards.", "Often people refer to the pain in their shoulders as “knots” or “ropes”. Knots and Ropes are muscles that are being overstretched. A “Knot” is where the tendon attaches to the bone and is inflamed. A “Rope” is the muscle belly which is being overly stretched like a tightly tuned guitar string ready to snap.", "The muscle may be swollen or hard-you may hear it called a taut band of muscle or knot in the muscle. Symptoms of myofascial pain may include: 1 A muscle that is sensitive or tender when touched. 2 Muscle pain that happens with pressure on a trigger point. 3 Pain that feels like aching, burning, stinging, or stabbing.", "A trigger point is simply a small contraction knot in muscle. This knot feels like a pea buried deep in the muscle, and can feel as big as a thumb. It maintains a hard contraction on the muscle fibres connected to it, thus causing a tight band that can also be felt in the muscle.", "Muscle knots can cause pain in two ways: (1) latent trigger points, which are knots that only hurt when you put pressure on them, and (2) active trigger points, which are knots that actively refer pain along your neural pathways, causing it in non-localized areas.", "Answers. Best Answer: Hey 'Knots' in muscles are not knots atall. As far as I know, what they are is when one group of muscle fibres breaks and heals short than the others after strain or excersise and is at an angle over the muscle." ], "url": [ "http://www.wisegeekhealth.com/what-exactly-are-muscle-knots.htm", "http://www.wikihow.com/Remove-Muscle-Knots", "http://www.builtlean.com/2012/06/07/muscle-knots/", "http://divinespine.net/why-do-back-muscles-feel-like-a-knot-or-a-rope/", "http://www.webmd.com/a-to-z-guides/myofascial-pain-syndrome-topic-overview", "http://www.pain-education.com/trigger-points.html", "http://www.builtlean.com/2012/06/07/muscle-knots/", "https://uk.answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20090527135602AATLbBe" ] }

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[ "It is a limited profit, limited risk options strategy that is taken when the options trader thinks that the underlying security will not rise or fall much by expiration." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "A long iron butterfly option strategy will attain maximum profit when the price of the underlying asset at expiration is equal to the strike price at which the call and put options are sold. A short iron butterfly option strategy will attain maximum profit when the price of the underlying asset at expiration is greater than the strike price set by the out-of-the-money put and less than the strike price set by the out-of-the-money call.", "Butterfly Spreads can also be established with the middle strike price at a higher strike price than the price of the underlying stock, turning it into a bullish options trading strategy known as the Bull Butterfly Spread . One should use a Butterfly Spread when one expects the price of the underlying asset to change very little over the life of the option contracts. There are 3 option trades to establish for this strategy: 1. Buy To Open X number of In The Money Call Options.", "The long butterfly spread is a three-leg strategy that is appropriate for a neutral forecast-when you expect the underlying stock price (or index level) to change very little over the life of the options. 1 Home 2 ». Education Center 3 ». Neutral Option Strategies 4 ». Butterfly. ", "DEFINITION of 'Butterfly Spread'. A neutral option strategy combining bull and bear spreads. Butterfly spreads use four option contracts with the same expiration but three different strike prices to create a range of prices the strategy can profit from. BREAKING DOWN 'Butterfly Spread'. Butterfly spreads have limited risk, meaning you can only lose your initial investment. Your maximum return is when the price of the underlying asset remains around the middle strike price.", "The long put butterfly spread is a limited profit, limited risk options trading strategy that is taken when the options trader thinks that the underlying security will not rise or fall much by expiration. ", "Long butterfly spreads are entered when the investor thinks that the underlying stock will not rise or fall much by expiration. Using calls, the long butterfly can be constructed by buying one lower striking in-the-money call, writing two at-the-money calls and buying another higher striking out-of-the-money call. Trade options FREE For 60 Days when you Open a New OptionsHouse Account. The butterfly spread is a neutral strategy that is a combination of a bull spread and a bear spread. It is a limited profit, limited risk options strategy.", "A short butterfly position will make profit if the future volatility is higher than the implied volatility. A short butterfly options strategy consists of the same options as a long butterfly. However now the middle strike option position is a long position and the upper and lower strike option positions are short. A long butterfly position will make profit if the future volatility is lower than the implied volatility. A long butterfly options strategy consists of the following options 1 : Long 1 call with a strike price of (X − a). 2 Short 2 calls with a strike price of X. 3 Long 1 call with a strike price of (X + a).", "Comment: 0. The butterfly spread, or to be more precise the long butterfly spread, is a relatively advanced neutral options trading strategy with limited loss and limited profitability. It is normally put on for a debit, which places it in the category of debit spreads. ", "In finance, a butterfly is a limited risk, non-directional options strategy that is designed to have a large probability of earning a limited profit when the future volatility of the underlying asset is expected to be lower than the implied volatility. A long butterfly position will make profit if the future volatility is lower than the implied volatility. A long butterfly options strategy consists of the following options 1 : Long 1 call with a strike price of (X − a). 2 Short 2 calls with a strike price of X. 3 Long 1 call with a strike price of (X + a).", "Unlike many basic option trading strategies, you can put on a butterfly spread for a much lesser price than most other strategies due to the fact that one leg or wing of the position is a credit spread that offsets much of the price of the other leg or wing. One should use a Butterfly Spread when one expects the price of the underlying asset to change very little over the life of the option contracts. There are 3 option trades to establish for this strategy: 1. Buy To Open X number of In The Money Call Options." ], "url": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iron_butterfly_(options_strategy)", "http://www.optiontradingpedia.com/free_butterfly_spread.htm", "http://www.optionsxpress.com/free_education/strategies/butterfly.aspx", "http://www.investopedia.com/terms/b/butterflyspread.asp", "http://www.theoptionsguide.com/long-put-butterfly.aspx", "http://www.theoptionsguide.com/butterfly-spread.aspx", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Butterfly_(options)", "http://www.options-trading.com/butterfly-options-spread/", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Butterfly_(options)", "http://www.optiontradingpedia.com/free_butterfly_spread.htm" ] }

[]

[ "Zhuangzi" ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "Traditionally traced to the mythical Laozi “Old Philosopher,” Philosophical Daoism owes more to “philosopher Zhuang” (Zhuangzi) (4 th Century BCE). Daoism is an umbrella that covers a range of similarly motivated doctrines.", "Accordingly, the question whether Daoism is a philosophy or a religion is not one we can ask without imposing a set of understandings, presuppositions, and qualifications that do not apply to Daoism. But this is not a reason to discount the importance of Daoist thought.", "Daoism was founded by Laozi, a great writer. Legalism was followed and enforced by Shi-Huangdi, a great emperor of the Qin dynasty. Ancient China had the Yellow River, the Yangtze River, the Great Wall of China, and many other geographical features which made China have fertile land and protection from barriers.", "Laozi who lived during the sixth century BC was the founder of Daoism. ... Daoism is an understanding of the fundamental character of the world and nature. Taoism (also spelled Daoism) refers to a variety of related philosophical and religious traditions and concepts.", "Our interest in trying to separate philosophy and religion in Daoism is more revealing of the Western frame of reference we use than of Daoism itself. Daoist ideas fermented among master teachers who had a holistic view of life.", "Answer by Terwilliger. Confidence votes 2.1K. Laozi (alternately spelled Lao Tzu) is generally considered the founder of Daoism, though there is a good deal of debate about whether an actual person named Laozi actually existed, and if so which parts of the Tao Te Ching he wrote.", "Daoism Founded by: Zhuangzi Laozi Strictly speaking, Daoism wasn't consciously founded by these two individuals. Rather, they both held similar beliefs about the Way and similar philosophies. Zhuangzi (the name is also spelled Chuang-tzu) is considered by Daoists to be the model of the perfect Daoist sage.", "Pronounced dow'-izm, the term Daoism refers to a movement that developed alongside Confucianism into both a philosophy and a religion, becoming one of the major belief systems in traditional China.", "The Essential Philosophy of Laozi. History of his Theory practiced in China briefly Explained. Laozi (aka Lao Tzu) Is Equally Important and Famous as Confucius. But his philosophy was elliptically and popularly represented as mythologized Daoism(Taoism) against the more influential Confucianism." ], "url": [ "http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/daoism/", "http://www.iep.utm.edu/daoism/", "http://legalismdaoismconfucianism2014.weebly.com/", "https://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20081209180303AA5Y0C5", "http://www.iep.utm.edu/daoism/", "http://www.answers.com/Q/Who_founded_Daoism", "https://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20081209180303AA5Y0C5", "http://www.scholastic.com/teachers/article/daoism-taoism", "http://www.daoism.net/the-essential-philosophy-of-laozi/" ] }

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[ "Trospium relieves spasms of the bladder. Trospium is used to treat overactive bladder and symptoms of urinary incontinence, frequency, and urgency. Trospium may also be used for purposes not listed in this medication guide.", "It is used to treat overactive bladder and symptoms of urinary incontinence, frequency, and urgency.", "It is used to treat overactive bladder and symptoms of urinary incontinence, frequency, and urgency. Trospium may also be used for purposes not listed in this medication guide." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "Before using trospium, tell your doctor if you regularly use other medicines that make you sleepy (such as cold or allergy medicine, sedatives, narcotic pain medicine, sleeping pills, muscle relaxers, and medicine for seizures, depression, or anxiety). Trospium may also be used for purposes not listed in this medication guide. You should not take this medicine if you are allergic to trospium, or if you have untreated or uncontrolled narrow-angle glaucoma, a blockage in your digestive system, or if you are unable to urinate.", "Trospium is used to treat the symptoms of an overactive bladder, such as a frequent need to urinate or incontinence (loss of bladder control). It helps to relax the muscles in the bladder and reduce the daily episodes of incontinence. Trospium is a urinary antispasmodic agent. ", "Trospium relieves spasms of the bladder. Trospium is used to treat overactive bladder and symptoms of urinary incontinence, frequency, and urgency. Trospium may also be used for purposes not listed in this medication guide. You should not take this medicine if you are allergic to trospium, or if you have untreated or uncontrolled narrow-angle glaucoma, a blockage in your digestive system, or if you are unable to urinate.", "Trospium works by binding to specific receptors in the bladder, called muscarinic receptors, which helps the muscles of the bladder to relax. Since an overactive bladder is often caused by muscles that contract too frequently and uncontrollably, trospium can help relieve many of the associated symptoms. An overactive bladder is caused by muscle contractions that are too frequent and usually uncontrollable. Normally, the bladder slowly fills until nerve signals tell your brain that the bladder is full and you need to use the bathroom. Then the bladder muscles contract when you urinate.", "Trospium chloride (INN) is a muscarinic antagonist urinary antispasmodic. Trospium chloride antagonizes the effect of acetylcholine on muscarinic receptors in cholinergically innervated organs including the bladder. Its parasympatholytic action reduces the tonus of smooth muscle in", "The structural formula of trospium chloride is represented below: Trospium chloride is a fine, colorless to slightly yellow, crystalline solid. The compound's solubility in water is approximately 1 g per 2 mL. Each SANCTURA® tablet contains 20 mg of trospium chloride, a muscarinic antagonist, for oral administration. Get emergency medical help if you have any of these signs of an allergic reaction: hives; difficult breathing; swelling of your face, lips, tongue, or throat. Stop using trospium and call your doctor at once if you have a serious side effect such as: 1 severe stomach pain or bloating; 2 severe constipation;", "Trospium chloride tablets, a muscarinic antagonist, are indicated for the treatment of overactive bladder with symptoms of urge incontinence and frequent urination. Trospium chloride antagonizes the effect of acetylcholine on muscarinic receptors in cholinergically innervated organs including the bladder. Its parasympatholytic action reduces the tonus of smooth muscle in", "Trospium chloride is a quaternary ammonium compound with the chemical name of spiro[8-azoniabicyclo[3,2,1]octane-8,1'- pyrrolidinium]-3-[(hydroxydiphenyl-acetyl)-oxy]chloride(1a, 3b, 5a)-(9Cl). The structural formula of trospium chloride is: Molecular formula: C 25 H 30 ClNO 3 - Molecular weight: 427.97. Also in this study, the immediate-release formulation of trospium chloride was associated with an increase in heart rate that correlated with increasing plasma concentration, with a mean elevation in heart rate compared to placebo of 9 beats per minute for the 20 mg dose and of 18 beats per minute for the 100 mg dose.", "To make sure you can safely take trospium, tell your doctor if you have any of these other conditions: 1 glaucoma; 2 liver disease; 3 kidney disease; 4 a stomach or intestinal disorder such as ulcerative colitis; 5 a muscle disorder such as myasthenia gravis; or. Trospium may also be used for purposes not listed in this medication guide. You should not take this medicine if you are allergic to trospium, or if you have untreated or uncontrolled narrow-angle glaucoma, a blockage in your digestive system, or if you are unable to urinate.", "Trospium is used to treat an overactive bladder (a condition in which the bladder muscles contract uncontrollably and cause frequent urination, urgent need to urinate, and inability to control urination). Trospium is in a class of medications called anticholinergics. Before taking trospium, 1 tell your doctor and pharmacist if you are allergic to trospium, any other medications, or any of the ingredients in trospium tablets or extended-release capsules. 2 Ask your pharmacist for a list of the ingredients." ], "url": [ "http://www.everydayhealth.com/drugs/trospium", "http://www.goodrx.com/trospium/what-is", "http://www.everydayhealth.com/drugs/trospium", "http://senior-health.emedtv.com/trospium/what-is-trospium-used-for.html", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trospium_chloride", "http://www.rxlist.com/sanctura-drug.htm", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trospium_chloride", "http://www.druginformation.com/RxDrugs/T/Trospium%20Chloride%20Extended%20Release%20Capsules.html", "http://www.everydayhealth.com/drugs/trospium", "http://www.lifescript.com/health/centers/oab/drugs/trospium.aspx" ] }

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[ "$5 per day" ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "At an average cost of $12.75 per meal, you’d save yourself $8.75 for each of those meals. In other words, the average American would save $36.75 per person per week by moving all of their meals from restaurants to home-prepared meals. Let’s look at a more realistic picture. A couple summers ago, I did a food series where I prepared a wide variety of meals for my family at under $10 per meal. Those meals fed four (at the time) of us quite well and often left food for the following day’s lunch for some of us. Thus, the cost for these meals was well under $2 per person per meal.", "Food Spending. The USDA calculates average food costs at four different consumption levels: thrifty, low-cost, moderate-cost, and liberal. They assume that all meals and snacks are eaten at home, which lowers the cost. In June 2010, the thrifty plan for a family of 4 per week was $134.50. Low-cost = $175.10 Moderate cost = $219.10 Liberal cost = $265.90. In mud hut villages, in average, people use only 30 $/month for food. The average American family of four spends amount $100-200 a week on groceries. Though my family has personally spent up to $600 an week on groceries when splurging, on heavy meals, large amount of meat, sodas and snacks.", "Young adults' average weekly food spending is $173, more than what older Americans say they spend. Those with incomes of $75,000 or more per year are averaging $180 per week, compared with $144 for those with incomes of $30,000 to $74,999, and $127 for the lowest income group. One in 10 Americans say they spend $300 or more per week and, at the other extreme, 8% spend less than $50. Gallup has asked a version of this question as far back as 1943, but has not asked it since 1987. In 1943, an average of $15 per week was spent on food. The final 1987 estimate was $106.", "According to the United States Department of Agriculture, Center for Nutrition Policy and Promotion, the average cost for food per month for one person in the United States is slightly over three hundred dollars ($300). For males, the average cost for food per month for one person is closer to three hundred twenty dollars ($320). You can view the raw data at USDA. If you want to perform your own calculations, remember that the data shown is for individuals in a four-person family.", "So, just $5 per day each. That’s $2 less per person per day than the average USDA food budget. For a family of 4 that is $600 per month, with some families coming in a lot lower. The average USDA monthly food budget for that same family is $840. I found a few thrifty’s, a lot of low-cost or moderates, and no one who admits to spending the liberal plan :-). So for the sake of argument I’ll assume that the moderate plan is pretty average. The moderate plan for a family of four with small children is $855 per month. That is $7 a day for each person.", "For females, the average cost for food per month for one person is about two hundred eighty-three dollars ($283). For males, the average cost for food per month for one person is closer to three hundred twenty dollars ($320). You can view the raw data at USDA. If you want to perform your own calculations, remember that the data shown is for individuals in a four-person family.", "To answer that question we need to know just how much do people spend on food on average on both an average diet and a real food diet. According to the USDA the average family of four is spending somewhere between $544 to $1235 per month for food eaten at home. That’s a huge range! They break it down into 4 plans: Thrifty, low-cost, moderate, and liberal. I found a few thrifty’s, a lot of low-cost or moderates, and no one who admits to spending the liberal plan :-). So for the sake of argument I’ll assume that the moderate plan is pretty average. The moderate plan for a family of four with small children is $855 per month. That is $7 a day for each person.", "WASHINGTON, D.C. -- Americans report spending $151 on food per week on average. One in 10 Americans say they spend $300 or more per week and, at the other extreme, 8% spend less than $50. Gallup has asked a version of this question as far back as 1943, but has not asked it since 1987. In 1943, an average of $15 per week was spent on food. The final 1987 estimate was $106.", "The survey found that energy-dense snacks costs on average of $1.76 per 1,000 calories, compared with $18.16 per 1,000 calories in low-energy but nutritious foods. Also, findings showed that a 2,000-calorie diet would cost $3.52 a day, while a diet of low-energy dense foods would cost $36.32 per day. Even so, the average American spends about $7 a day on food, due to most people eating a mixed variety of foods.", "This average cost for food per month for one person was derived by taking an average of the estimated cost for food per month for a single male and single female in two age groups (19 - 50 and 51 - 70) and four different food-cost plans (thrifty to liberal), as shown in the chart below. For males, the average cost for food per month for one person is closer to three hundred twenty dollars ($320). You can view the raw data at USDA. If you want to perform your own calculations, remember that the data shown is for individuals in a four-person family." ], "url": [ "http://www.thesimpledollar.com/dont-eat-out-as-often-188365/", "http://www.answers.com/Q/What_is_the_average_cost_of_food_for_a_family_of_4_per_week", "http://www.gallup.com/poll/156416/Americans-Spend-151-Week-Food-High-Income-180.aspx", "http://loweryourspending.com/average-cost-for-food-per-month-for-one-person.html", "http://grannysvitalvittles.com/real-food-economics-101-real-food-vs-average-food-budgets/", "http://loweryourspending.com/average-cost-for-food-per-month-for-one-person.html", "http://grannysvitalvittles.com/real-food-economics-101-real-food-vs-average-food-budgets/", "http://www.gallup.com/poll/156416/Americans-Spend-151-Week-Food-High-Income-180.aspx", "https://gma.yahoo.com/blogs/abc-blogs/how-much-does-the-average-american-spend-on-food-each-day.html", "http://loweryourspending.com/average-cost-for-food-per-month-for-one-person.html" ] }

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[ "Cap and cone appearance of the fracture.", "A ductile fracture is caused by plastic deformation that can be identified by cap and cone appearance of the fracture." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "fracture. [frak′chər]. Etymology: L, frangere, to break. a traumatic injury to a bone in which the continuity of the bone tissue is broken. A fracture is classified by the bone involved, the part of that bone, and the nature of the break, such as a comminuted fracture of the head of the tibia. See also specific types of fractures. ", "The propagation of a ductile crack involves substantial plastic flow and ductile fracture usually gives a characteristic rough fracture surface. Fracture occurs by a process known as microvoid coalescence. First, plastic strain causes small microvoids to form in the material, most often at sites of inclusions. In ductile fracture, as plastic deformation occurs, the plastic zone work-hardens, increasing the stress and strain in this area until the specimen fractures. It is the amount of plastic work done before fracture that is the main cause of the difference in total energy absorbed between specimens.", "A ductile fracture is caused by plastic deformation that can be identified by cap and cone appearance of the fracture. ", "A fracture is the separation of an object or material into two or more pieces under the action of stress. The fracture of a solid usually occurs due to the development of certain displacement discontinuity surfaces within the solid. Because ductile rupture involves a high degree of plastic deformation, the fracture behavior of a propagating crack as modelled above changes fundamentally. Some of the energy from stress concentrations at the crack tips is dissipated by plastic deformation before the crack actually propagates.", "1 As with brittle fractures, the surface of a ductile fracture tends to be perpendicular to the principal tensile stress, although other components of stress can be factors. 2 In ductile, crystalline metals and ceramics it is microscopically resolved shear stress that is operating to expand the tip of the crack. Background. Brittle fractures and ductile fractures are two of the best known failure modes. In this issue we shall discuss examples of both types of failure. The discussion applies equally well to metals, plastics, ceramics, our bones and teeth, and cracking an egg for breakfast.", "Ductile fracture. The propagation of a ductile crack involves substantial plastic flow and ductile fracture usually gives a characteristic rough fracture surface. Fracture occurs by a process known as microvoid coalescence. First, plastic strain causes small microvoids to form in the material, most often at sites of inclusions", "The word fracture is often applied to bones of living creatures (that is, a bone fracture), or to crystals or crystalline materials, such as gemstones or metal. Sometimes, in crystalline materials, individual crystals fracture without the body actually separating into two or more pieces. Because ductile rupture involves a high degree of plastic deformation, the fracture behavior of a propagating crack as modelled above changes fundamentally. Some of the energy from stress concentrations at the crack tips is dissipated by plastic deformation before the crack actually propagates.", "Ductility can be quantified by the fracture strain, which is the engineering strain at which a test specimen fractures during a uniaxial tensile test. Another commonly used measure is the reduction of area at fracture. The ductility of steel varies depending on the alloying constituents. This tensile test of a nodular cast iron demonstrates low ductility. In materials science, ductility is a solid material's ability to deform under tensile stress; this is often characterized by the material's ability to be stretched into a wire." ], "url": [ "http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/Ductile+fracture", "http://www.doitpoms.ac.uk/tlplib/BD6/printall.php", "http://www.answers.com/Q/What_is_a_ductile_fracture", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fracture", "http://www.nhml.com/ductile-and-brittle-fracture/", "http://www.doitpoms.ac.uk/tlplib/BD6/fracture.php", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fracture", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ductility" ] }

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{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "Mignonette /mi-gnon-ette/ [3 sylls.] as a name for girls is of French derivation, and the meaning of Mignonette is cute. Mignonette is a version of Mignon (French). Compare surname Magnant. Mignonette is an equivalently unique last name too for all people. (2000 U.S. Census). Displayed below is the baby name popularity of Mignonette for girls. Mignonette has not been ranked in the Top 1000 so far.", "Mignonette is a rare first name for females. Mignonette is an equivalently unique last name too for all people. (2000 U.S. Census). Displayed below is the baby name popularity of Mignonette for girls. Mignonette has not been ranked in the Top 1000 so far.", "-- gio2475 7/20/2008. It's hard, as a child, growing up with a middle name that you can't even pronounce. It wasn't until I was in fifth grade that I learned how to pronounce it. Then, in high school, I learned that this is actually the masculine form of cute. But no one in America's going to know. ", "With multiple consonant groups, its pronunciation and usage might cause initial problems with pronunciation and usage. We are building a video-based pronunciation dictionary and usage API to help you learn how to pronounce and use mignonette, along with tens of thousands of other English words and phrases. Our service extends existing pronunciation dictionaries by adding visual and situational context. how to pronounce beach | how to pronounce english | how to pronounce missouri | how to pronounce pronunciation | how to pronounce wednesday | how to pronounce fungi | how to pronounce often | how to pronounce whole | how to pronounce xavier | how to pronounce schedule.", "Please try again later. Audio and video pronunciation of Mignonette brought to you by Pronounce Names (http://www.PronounceNames.com), a website dedicated to helping people pronounce names correctly. ", "1 The Latin name Reseda means to calm or appease, and refers to the fact that the plant was employed by the Romans in treating bruises. 2 Reseda alba, a dicot, is a perennial herb that is not native to California; it was introduced from elsewhere and naturalized in the wild. Example sentences. 1 ", "Learn how to say words in English correctly with Emma Saying free pronunciation tutorials. Over 140,000 words were already uploaded... Check them out! Visit my homepage: ", "Definition of MIGNONETTE. 1. : any of a genus (Reseda of the family Resedaceae, the mignonette family) of herbs; especially: a garden annual (R. odorata) bearing racemes of fragrant whitish flowers. 2. : a sauce made typically with vinegar, pepper, and herbs and served especially with oysters. ADVERTISEMENT", "noun. A plant of the genus Reseda (family Resedaceae), especially (in gardening) a mignonette. Example sentences. 1 The Latin name Reseda means to calm or appease, and refers to the fact that the plant was employed by the Romans in treating bruises. 2 Reseda alba, a dicot, is a perennial herb that is not native to California; it was introduced from elsewhere and naturalized in the wild.", "Welcome mignonette learner! how to pronounce beach | how to pronounce english | how to pronounce missouri | how to pronounce pronunciation | how to pronounce wednesday | how to pronounce fungi | how to pronounce often | how to pronounce whole | how to pronounce xavier | how to pronounce schedule. Mignonette is a multisyllabic word / phrase." ], "url": [ "http://www.thinkbabynames.com/meaning/0/Mignonette", "http://www.thinkbabynames.com/meaning/0/Mignonette", "http://www.behindthename.com/name/mignon/comments", "http://www.embedplus.com/dictionary/how-to-pronounce-mignonette-and-use-it", "http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sDs7wm2oYpY", "http://www.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/english/reseda", "http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UpM2kHbdyp4", "http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/mignonette", "http://www.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/english/reseda", "http://www.embedplus.com/dictionary/how-to-pronounce-mignonette-and-use-it" ] }

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[ "3 to 7 week" ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "A: Cost varies according to depth and quality of the check. Basic background checks typically cost from $50 to $150 (based on the number of searches requested). More careful, comprehensive background checks can cost from $200 to $500. For information about the trade-off between cost and risk, see Criminal Checks: Cost Versus Risk. For suggestions when budget restrictions impact what you can do, see When Background Check Cost is an Issue. ", "Most employers, particularly small-and medium-sized companies, outsource background checks to consumer reporting agencies. These agencies are generally very fast, but the time it takes the check to come back to the employer depends on a number of factors. Common reasons for delay. According to A Matter of Fact, the most common reason for delay in completing background checks is when employers do not fill out background check request forms accurately and completely, and when they fail to get the authorization and release forms signed by the job applicant.", "Third-party companies generally take a few business days or less. In 2014, National Background Check stated it provided results within two to four business days. According to HireRight, about 70 percent of the time it can provide preliminary results within seconds or minutes. However, if they find a record, further research is conducted at the county courthouse", "Turnaround Times. If the background check is done in-house and only consists of checking public records through a county courthouse, it could take as little as a few minutes. Many county courthouse websites allow users to search criminal records online. In 2014, National Background Check stated it provided results within two to four business days. According to HireRight, about 70 percent of the time it can provide preliminary results within seconds or minutes.", "A County Criminal Records Check is a search of a specific county's court records. It is by far the most common type of search in an Employment Background Check. It provides felony information, and it may also contain misdemeanor or infraction information. County Criminal Records are searched by name. In short, patience and understanding is a must when conducting quality County Criminal Records Checks. A typical employment background check includes criminal record searches in the counties of residence, work, and school for the last 7 years (sometimes longer periods are searched).", "1 Ideally, the background check can help reveal whether or not a person told the truth (i) to questions on an employment application, including whether they have a criminal record, and (ii) in what they stated on their resume. 1 Our experience is that on average, the typical packages ordered range from about $30 for basic criminal searches to $100 for packages that include more extensive criminal searches (e.g., Federal Criminal and Terrorist Watch List) as well as employment verifications and motor vehicle records searches.", "As background checks differ from company-to-company, the time frame may differ at all points in time. Generally, one can receive a complete background check report within 1-3 business day(s) though if it includes a complete criminal records check, it may take 3-7 week days. This is because educational institutions, courts and government agencies usually take enough time to get back with required details. Also, they close down for longer periods of time during holidays and are many-a-times not reachable. If a criminal background check process includes an FBI background check, then you may add 30 days to the whole process as well. As all details are gathered from a variety of sources and synchronized at one place in the end, one must remain prepared for the number of days it may take", "Average time. Most background checks can be completed between three days to one week. According to the University of Berkeley, FBI checks usually take around 30 days. Although some instant background checks are available, these rely on databases that can be incomplete or inaccurate. Instant criminal records databases, in particular, often contain many errors. Common reasons for delay. According to A Matter of Fact, the most common reason for delay in completing background checks is when employers do not fill out background check request forms accurately and completely, and when they fail to get the authorization and release forms signed by the job applicant." ], "url": [ "http://www.amof.info/faq.htm", "http://smallbusiness.chron.com/long-pre-employment-background-checks-come-back-1226.html", "http://www.ehow.com/how-does_4967755_long-do-background-check-results.html", "http://www.ehow.com/how-does_4967755_long-do-background-check-results.html", "http://www.amof.info/countycrim.htm", "http://www.hirerightexpress.com/express/FAQ/", "http://www.peoplerecords.com/background-checks/how-long-does-a-background-check-take/", "http://smallbusiness.chron.com/long-pre-employment-background-checks-come-back-1226.html" ] }

[]

[ "July 30, 1965" ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "Medicaid, a state and federally funded program that offers health coverage to certain low-income people, was also signed into law by President Johnson on July 30, 1965, as an amendment to the Social Security Act.", "The ’60s. 1 On July 30, 1965 President Lyndon B. Johnson made Medicare law by signing H.R. 6675 in Independence, Missouri. 2 In 1966, Medicare’s coverage took effect, as Americans age 65 and older were enrolled in Part A and millions of other seniors signed up for Part B.", "President Johnson signing the Medicare program into law, July 30, 1965. Shown with the President (on the right in the photo) are (left to right) Mrs. Johnson; former President Harry Truman; Vice-President Hubert Humphrey; and Mrs. Truman. Photo courtesy of LBJ Presidential Library.", "At the bill-signing ceremony President Johnson enrolled President Truman as the first Medicare beneficiary and presented him with the first Medicare card. This is President Truman's application for the optional Part B medical care coverage, which President Johnson signed as a witness. SSA History Archives.", "CMS’ program history Medicare & Medicaid On July 30, 1965, President Lyndon B. Johnson signed into law the bill that led to the Medicare and Medicaid. The original Medicare program included Part A (Hospital Insurance) and Part B (Medical Insurance). Today these 2 parts are called “Original Medicare.” Over the years, Congress has made changes to Medicare:", "How to use citation info. (on Archives.gov). This act was signed into law by President Lyndon Johnson on July 30, 1965, in Independence, MO. It established Medicare, a health insurance program for the elderly, and Medicaid, a health insurance program for the poor." ], "url": [ "http://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/johnson-signs-medicare-into-law", "https://www.medicareresources.org/basic-medicare-information/brief-history-of-medicare/", "http://www.ssa.gov/history/lbjsm.html", "http://www.ssa.gov/history/lbjsm.html", "http://www.cms.gov/About-CMS/Agency-Information/History/index.html", "http://www.ourdocuments.gov/doc.php?doc=99" ] }

[]

[ "13 states" ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 1, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "It also stated Articles of Confederation and perpetual Union between the States, or a Union of State Legislatures. The first 13 States thus were in this Union from 1778 to 1789, when the second national government was established by a Constitution, which, in list of purposes, in order to form a more perfect Union. This does not make the States enter the Union only when it ratified the U.S. Constitution.", "The election of Abraham Lincoln in 1860 was the final straw for many southerners. In all 11 states seceded from the Union. Four of these (Virginia, Arkansas, North Carolina, and Tennessee) did not secede until after the Battle of Fort Sumter that occurred on April 12, 1861. Four additional states were Border Slave States that did not secede from the Union: Missouri, Kentucky, Maryland and Delaware. In addition, the area that would become West Virginia was formed on October 24, 1861 when the western portion of Virginia chose to break away from the rest of the state instead of seceding.", "The order in which the original 13 states ratified the constitution, then the order in which the others were admitted to the union. This is a list of U.S. states by date of admission to the Union.", "This is a list of U.S. states by date of statehood. It has the date when each U.S. state joined the Union." ], "url": [ "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_U.S._states_by_date_of_statehood", "http://americanhistory.about.com/od/civilwarmenu/a/secession_order.htm", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_U.S._states_by_date_of_statehood", "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_U.S._states_by_date_of_statehood" ] }

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[ "His normal vaginal discharge is typically clear or milky white in color and does not have an unpleasant odor." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1 ], "passage_text": [ "You can experience a white milky vaginal discharge and you can also experience a white milky nipple discharge. An odorless, white milky vaginal discharge is perfectly normal and a white milky nipple discharge is very rare. First, let’s tackle the white milky discharge ʺdown southʺ. According to the American Academy of Family Physicians website, ʺglands inside your vagina and cervix make small amounts of fluid.", "In some cases, a vaginal discharge that is white and milky in nature is considered the first sign of pregnancy. Many women who are pregnant will notice that the amount of milky, white cream discharge increases and this is completely normal.", "Most women experience vaginal discharge that is white and milky in nature. It is called Leucorrhea. Sometimes it can be slightly milky or clear, but is rare conditions, it can be red to yellow as well. White discharge is not associated with any infectious disease, so it rarely has any odor.", "Symptoms. Abnormal production of milky discharge from the vagina is closely linked to a series of bacterial infections occurring within the vaginal tract or around the cervix. As a result, a number of symptoms linked to vaginitis and yeast infection are known to accompany this fluid.", "Normal vaginal discharge may vary in color: from transparent to milky-white, since its basic component is the cervical mucus. The intensity of its secretion, and thus the amount of vaginal discharge, depends on the specific day of the menstrual cycle.", "Milky discharge is not a sign of ovulation... milky white discharge can occur after conception or right before your period. However, egg white like discharge, that is stretchy(test it using your index finger and thumb)if it doesn't break you are fertile, and or ovulating).", "This normal vaginal discharge is typically clear or milky white in color and does not have an unpleasant odor. A number of different infections can cause a change in the amount, consistency, color, or odor of vaginal discharge. These include:" ], "url": [ "http://www.empowher.com/sexual-well-being/content/what-white-milky-discharge", "http://www.newkidscenter.com/White-Creamy-Discharge-Sign-Of-Pregnancy.html", "http://www.momjunction.com/articles/white-discharge-sign-pregnancy_0075907/", "http://www.pinkdischarge.net/all-you-need-to-know-about-white-milky-discharge-from-the-vagina/", "http://marygynblog.com/white-milky-discharge-6-common-causes/", "http://www.babycenter.com/400_milky-white-discharge_3410800_305.bc", "http://www.emedicinehealth.com/vaginal_discharge/page2_em.htm" ] }

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[ "Escherichia coli and Salmonella cause food poisoning.Helicobacter pylori cause gastritis and ulcers. Neisseria gonorrhoeae causes the sexually transmitted disease gonorrhea. Neisseria meningitidis causes meningitis." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "Although most bacteria are harmless or often beneficial, several are pathogenic. One of the bacterial diseases with the highest disease burden is tuberculosis, caused by the bacterium Mycobacterium tuberculosis, which kills about 2 million people a year, mostly in sub-Saharan Africa. Some pathogenic bacteria cause disease under certain conditions, such entry through the skin via a cut, through sexual activity or an compromised immune function. Streptococcus and Staphylococcus are part of the normal skin microbiota and typically reside on healthy skin or in the nasopharangeal region.", "Pneumonia can be caused by many different bacteria, viruses, and even fungi. Pneumococcus is one of the most common causes of severe pneumonia. Besides pneumonia, pneumococcus can cause other types of infections too, such as: 1 Ear infections. 2 Sinus infections. Streptococcus pneumoniae bacteria, or pneumococcus, can cause many types of illnesses. Some of these illnesses can be life-threatening. Pneumococcus is the most common cause of bloodstream infections, pneumonia, meningitis, and middle ear infections in young children.", "Gram-positive bacteria retain a purple-colored stain, while Gram-negative bacteria appear pinkish or red. Gram-negative bacteria can cause many types of infections and are spread to humans in a variety of ways. Several species, including Escherichia coli, are common causes of food–borne disease. Vibrio cholerae —the bacteria responsible for cholera—is a waterborne pathogen. Gram-negative bacteria can also cause respiratory infections, such as certain types of pneumonia, and sexually transmitted diseases, including gonorrhea. Yersinia pestis, the Gram-negative bacterium responsible for plague, is transmitted to people through the bite of an infected insect or handling an infected animal. ", "Microbes and disease. A few harmful microbes, for example less than 1 % of bacteria, can invade our body (the host) and make us ill. Microbes cause infectious diseases such as flu and measles. There is also strong evidence that microbes may contribute to many non–infectious chronic diseases such as some forms of cancer and coronary heart disease. Different diseases are caused by different types of micro-organisms.", "Organisms that cause infectious disease include fungi, oomycetes, bacteria, viruses, viroids, virus-like organisms, phytoplasmas, protozoa, nematodes and parasitic plants. Not included are ectoparasites like insects, mites, vertebrate, or other pests that affect plant health by consumption of plant tissues. ", "Harmful bacteria may also emit toxins that damage the body. Common pathogenic bacteria and the types of bacterial diseases they cause include: Escherichia coli and Salmonella cause food poisoning. Helicobacter pylori cause gastritis and ulcers. Neisseria gonorrhoeae causes the sexually transmitted disease gonorrhea. Neisseria meningitidis causes meningitis. ", "Infectious diseases are caused by microorganisms such as viruses, bacteria, fungi or parasites and can spread between individuals. 1 Infectious diseases are caused by microorganisms such as viruses, bacteria, fungi or parasites. 2 Microorganisms that cause disease are collectively called pathogens. ", "The microorganisms, or microbes, that can cause disease come in different forms. Viruses and bacteria are probably the most familiar because we hear so much about them. But fungi, protozoa, and helminths are also big players in the story of infectious disease. ", "Bacterial diseases: Introduction. Bacterial diseases include any type of illness or disease caused by bacteria, a type of microbe. Microbes are tiny organisms that cannot be seen without a microscope and include viruses, fungi, and some parasites as well as bacteria. ", "1 Most of these diseases are infections, caused by a variety of bacteria, viruses, and parasites that can be foodborne. 2 Other diseases are poisonings, caused by harmful toxins or chemicals that have contaminated the food, for example, poisonous mushrooms. " ], "url": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pathogenic_bacteria", "http://www.cdc.gov/pneumococcal/about/infection-types.html", "http://www.niaid.nih.gov/topics/antimicrobialresistance/examples/gramnegative/Pages/default.aspx", "http://microbiologyonline.org.uk/about-microbiology/microbes-and-the-human-body/microbes-and-disease", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plant_pathology", "http://www.healthgrades.com/conditions/bacterial-diseases", "http://www.yourgenome.org/facts/what-are-infectious-diseases", "http://needtoknow.nas.edu/id/infection/microbe-types/", "http://www.rightdiagnosis.com/b/bacterial_diseases/intro.htm", "http://www.cdc.gov/foodsafety/foodborne-germs.html" ] }

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[ "Distillation is a process that can be used to separate a pure liquid from a mixture of liquids.It works when the liquids have different boiling points. Distillation is commonly used to separate ethanol-the alcohol in alcoholic drinks-from water." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "Distillation. Distillation is a process that can be used to separate a pure liquid from a mixture of liquids. It works when the liquids have different boiling points. Distillation is commonly used to separate ethanol-the alcohol in alcoholic drinks-from water. Distillation process to separate ethanol from water. Distillation is a process that can be used to separate a pure liquid from a mixture of liquids. It works when the liquids have different boiling points. Distillation is commonly used to separate ethanol-the alcohol in alcoholic drinks-", "Procedure for Steam Distillation (Procedure adapted from Introduction to Organic Laboratory Techniques A Microscale Approach by Pavia, Lampman, Kris, and Engel, Saunders College Publishing, 1990, pg. 91 and 688.) Spices Used in this experiment: Cloves, Cinnamon, Ginger, Nutmeg, Tumeric or a spice of your choice. Essential oils, which are isolated by steam distillation of volatile organic compounds present in plants and. animals, have a long and rich history in medicine. Typically, complex mixtures of organic compounds, essential. oils, have been used to treat a variety of illnesses for thousands of years.", "The vapour pressure of mixtures of immiscible liquids Obviously if you have two immiscible liquids in a closed flask and keep everything still, the vapour pressure you measure will simply be the vapour pressure of the one which is floating on top. There is no way that the bottom liquid can turn to vapour. This page looks at systems containing two immiscible liquids. Immiscible liquids are those which won't mix to give a single phase. Oil and water are examples of immiscible liquids-one floats on top of the other. It explains the background to steam distillation and looks at a simple way of carrying this out.", "Distillation is a process of separating the component substances from a liquid mixture by selective evaporation and condensation. Distillation may result in essentially complete separation (nearly pure components), or it may be a partial separation that increases the concentration of selected components of the mixture. The unit process of evaporation may also be called distillation: 1 In rotary evaporation a vacuum distillation apparatus is used to remove bulk solvents from a sample. 2 Typically the vacuum is generated by a water aspirator or a membrane pump.", "Reflux is a distillation technique involving the condensation of vapors and the return of this condensate to the system from which it originated. ", "Steam Distillation. A new technique that arises in this experiment is that of steam distillation. When you isolate the clove oil (eugenol and acetyl eugenol) from cloves, you will not have a solution. Instead, you will have two layers. [Study Aids]. A new technique that arises in this experiment is that of steam distillation. When you isolate the clove oil (eugenol and acetyl eugenol) from cloves, you will not have a solution.", "To separate a mixture of liquids, the liquid can be heated to force components, which have different boiling points, into the gas phase. The gas is then condensed back into liquid form and collected. Repeating the process on the collected liquid to improve the purity of the product is called double distillation. Types of distillation include simple distillation (described here), fractional distillation (different volatile 'fractions' are collected as they are produced), and destructive distillation (usually, a material is heated so that it decomposes into compounds for collection).", "Distillation. Simple distillation is a procedure by which two liquids with different boiling points can be separated. Simple distillation (the procedure outlined below) can be used effectively to separate liquids that have at least fifty degrees difference in their boiling points. " ], "url": [ "http://www.bbc.co.uk/schools/gcsebitesize/science/edexcel_pre_2011/oneearth/fuelsrev1.shtml", "http://courses.chem.psu.edu/chem36/Chem36H/36H%20Web%20S'05/Distillation.pdf", "http://chemguide.co.uk/physical/phaseeqia/immiscible.html", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Distillation", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reflux", "http://www.brynmawr.edu/chemistry/Chem/mnerzsto/steam_distillation.htm", "http://chemistry.about.com/cs/5/f/bldistillation.htm", "http://www.wiredchemist.com/chemistry/instructional/laboratory-tutorials/distillation" ] }

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[ "$3,000 to $5,000 for 1,000 square feet." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "Assuming you have 8 foot ceilings, it would cost you about $150 in drywall from Home Depot, if you only have to do the walls. (18 sheets at about $7 ea. + tax). If you have to do the ceiling also it will cost you about another $50 for 8 additional sheets. You need tape. That's about $5 for 300 feet of yellow mesh tape. How much would it costs (ROUGHLY) to drywall my basement. It's roughly a 12X20 ft room (240 sq ft). HOw much would it cost to do it myself??", "The cost of a basement is between 10 and 35 dollars per square feet. Let's say an average basement is 1,000 square feet of finished space. So the cost of a basement is between $10,000 and $35,000. 10k if you're doing most of the work yourself and up to $35,000 if you're hiring a contractor to finish your basement. Now.", "1 Installing new drywall on the walls and ceiling of a 12x12-foot-room with 8-foot-high walls means about 530 square feet of drywall. 2 For about 4,000 square feet of drywall on all the walls and ceilings of a small home, it's $4,400-$8,600 or more. 1 For about 4,000 square feet of drywall on all the walls and ceilings of a small home, it's $4,400-$8,600 or more. 2 Factors such as cathedral ceilings or irregular layouts can bump the price higher.", "All dried joint compound shall be flat, smooth and free of tool marks and ridges. Note that surface texturing or skim coating is NOT included in this estimate. For a basic 500 square feet project in zip code 47474, the benchmark cost to Install Drywall ranges between $1.43 - $1.76 per square foot* . To estimate costs for your project: 1. Set Project Zip Code Enter the Zip Code for the location where labor is hired and materials purchased.", "1 Do-It-Yourselfers can bring the costs down to $150-$250 for a 12x12 room and $1,000-$3,000 for a small house, but hanging drywall requires a lot of heavy lifting by at least two people, and getting a good finish on drywall requires a lot of patience and practice. 1 For about 4,000 square feet of drywall on all the walls and ceilings of a small home, it's $4,400-$8,600 or more. 2 Factors such as cathedral ceilings or irregular layouts can bump the price higher.", "Wow, big basement! No, you don’t need to drywall to call it finished, they can certainly be left painted and that’s it. My best guess (for just the drywall) for a 1400 sq. foot basement (walls and ceilings) would be between $3,000 to $5,000. Let's say an average basement is 1,000 square feet of finished space. So the cost of a basement is between $10,000 and $35,000. 10k if you're doing most of the work yourself and up to $35,000 if you're hiring a contractor to finish your basement. Now.", "Well i have been a full time drywaller for 11 yrs and for 950 sq ft would cost about $1400. Material costs for drywall ,mud ,tape,screws ect would be about $350.00 and more than likely a delivery company will charge $50 small load charge. Hanging crew will charge about $250 to hang it. In my area I currently charge $0.75-$0.85 sq/ft to hang, tape, texture and prime 1/2 drywall with 8' or lower ceilings. Drywall at this point in time, costs about $7.50 - $8.50 a sheet. This will go as high as $12.00 a sheet when there are hurricanes in the south.", "1 Drywall materials (drywall sheets plus screws or nails, joint compound, tape, etc.) average 25 cents - 65 cents a square foot; professional installation is an additional 85 cents -$1.50 per square foot. 1 For about 4,000 square feet of drywall on all the walls and ceilings of a small home, it's $4,400-$8,600 or more. 2 Factors such as cathedral ceilings or irregular layouts can bump the price higher.", "To have a basement that size framed with drywall and insulation r14roxul is mold resistant with vapor barrier you should be in the range of 5800. Thank you. Gilles. 5/31/2012 at 5:30:35 PM. Rough estimate. " ], "url": [ "http://www.diychatroom.com/f39/how-much-drywall-my-basement-estimate-12651/", "http://www.ifinishedmybasement.com/getting-started/cost-of-a-basement/", "http://home.costhelper.com/drywall.html", "http://homewyse.com/services/cost_to_install_drywall.html", "http://home.costhelper.com/drywall.html", "http://www.ifinishedmybasement.com/getting-started/cost-of-a-basement/", "http://ths.gardenweb.com/discussions/2247092/price-of-hanging-and-taping-drywall", "http://home.costhelper.com/drywall.html", "https://trustedpros.ca/forum/what-it-costs/basement-drywall" ] }

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[ "Place pork roast opposite side of the fire, closer to the fire than the outer edge. Grill covered, depending on the size, the pork loin grilling time should be about 30-45 minutes until an instant-read thermometer reads 135-140 degrees into the thickest part of the roast." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "5. Clean grate with grill brush. Place pork roast opposite side of the fire, closer to the fire than the outer edge. Grill covered, depending on the size, the pork loin grilling time should be about 30-45 minutes until an instant-read thermometer reads 135-140 degrees into the thickest part of the roast. 6. You can also make several shallow incisions around the surface of the roast and place thin slivers of garlic in each incision. 3. For an added optional smoky flavor soak 2 cups of wood chips in cold water 15-20 minutes. Drain water, place wood chips in a foil tray or metal wood chip box.", "Remove the pork loin roast from the grill, place on a platter and cover with a tent of aluminum foil and allow to rest for about 15 minutes before carving. How to Cook a Pork Loin Roast on a Gas Grill: Ok, so now we know about brining and we have soaked that pork loin roast in the brining solution for at least 12 hours. It's time to start thinking about how to cook this bad boy on the grill.", "1 (Do not remove strings until after grilling.). 2 2 Place roast, fat side up, on grill for indirect cooking. 3 Cover grill; cook 1 hour 30 minutes to 2 hours 15 minutes or until meat thermometer inserted into thickest part of roast reads 160°F. 4 Let roast stand 10 to 15 minutes before slicing. 1 1 Heat gas or charcoal grill for indirect-heat cooking as directed by manufacturer. 2 In small bowl, mix all ingredients except roast. 3 Rub mixture onto all sides of roast. ( 4 Do not remove strings until after grilling.). 5", "1 2 Place roast, fat side up, on grill for indirect cooking. 2 Cover grill; cook 1 hour 30 minutes to 2 hours 15 minutes or until meat thermometer inserted into thickest part of roast reads 160°F. 3 Let roast stand 10 to 15 minutes before slicing. 1 1 Heat gas or charcoal grill for indirect-heat cooking as directed by manufacturer. 2 In small bowl, mix all ingredients except roast. 3 Rub mixture onto all sides of roast. ( 4 Do not remove strings until after grilling.). 5 ", "Move roast to cooler side and grill pork loin with lid down over indirect heat, depending on the size, the pork loin cooking time should be about 30-45 minutes until a instant-read thermometer reads 135-140 degrees into the thickest part of the roast. Try to keep the temperature inside the grill around 375-400 degrees. You can also make several shallow incisions around the surface of the roast and place thin slivers of garlic in each incision. 3. For an added optional smoky flavor soak 2 cups of wood chips in cold water 15-20 minutes. Drain water, place wood chips in a foil tray or metal wood chip box.", "Place the cooking grate back on the grill and cover with the lid; heat the grate to medium heat for 2 to 3 minutes. Brush the grill with vegetable oil. Remove the tenderloin from the bag and place in the center of grate. Discard bag with marinade. Cover and cook for 12 to 15 minutes, turning every 1 1/2 to 2 minutes, until the tenderloin reaches an internal temperature of 140 degrees F.", "1 Grill, covered, over indirect medium heat for 1-1/2 to 2 hours or until a meat thermometer reads 160°. 2 Let stand for 10 minutes before slicing. 3 In a large saucepan, combine the brown sugar, cornstarch and spices. 4 Stir in the pineapple juice, sweet-and-sour sauce, Worcestershire sauce and lemon juice until smooth. Directions. 1 Sprinkle roast with pepper. 2 Grill, covered, over indirect medium heat for 1-1/2 to 2 hours or until a meat thermometer reads 160°. 3", "4. Place roast over lit side of grill, and grill, covered with grill lid, 5 minutes on each side or until browned. Transfer roast to unlit side, and grill, covered with grill lid, 1 hour or until a meat thermometer inserted into thickest portion registers 150°. Remove from grill, and let stand 10 minutes before slicing. Pierce pork loin roast several times with a knife; add roast to marinade, and turn to coat. Cover or seal, and chill 4 to 6 hours, turning occasionally. 2. Light one side of grill, heating to 350° to 400° (medium-high) heat; leave other side unlit. 3. Remove roast from marinade, discarding marinade", "1 Sprinkle roast with pepper. 2 Grill, covered, over indirect medium heat for 1-1/2 to 2 hours or until a meat thermometer reads 160°. 3 Let stand for 10 minutes before slicing. 4 In a large saucepan, combine the brown sugar, cornstarch and spices. Directions. 1 " ], "url": [ "http://www.themeatsource.com/grillingporkloin.html", "http://www.grillingcompanion.com/recipe/pork-loin-roast-on-grill/", "http://www.bettycrocker.com/recipes/grilled-seasoned-pork-roast/3724cd1d-db40-47a9-aca7-283428021c64", "http://www.bettycrocker.com/recipes/grilled-seasoned-pork-roast/3724cd1d-db40-47a9-aca7-283428021c64", "http://www.themeatsource.com/grillingporkloin.html", "http://www.foodnetwork.com/recipes/alton-brown/grilled-pork-tenderloin-recipe.html", "http://www.tasteofhome.com/recipes/grilled-pork-loin-roast", "http://www.myrecipes.com/recipe/grilled-pork-loin-roast", "http://www.tasteofhome.com/recipes/grilled-pork-loin-roast" ] }

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[ "200 to 210" ]

{ "is_selected": [ 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "What's in the Mix. A small cornbread muffin that is approximately 3 inches across and 2 inches high, weighing around 65 grams, contains 200 to 210 total calories. Having a large cornbread muffin that is more than double the size, weighing nearly 140 grams, means that you’ll get about 425 to 440 calories. Don’t be fooled by the word “corn” in your favorite muffin. You won’t be getting a serving of veggies from this sweet pastry. Cornbread muffins are made with carb-rich ingredients, like cornmeal, sugar and flour, as well as fatty components, such as eggs, butter and milk", "1 Calories Burned For Treadmill: 15% Incline, 10 km/h (6 minutes per km). 2 Calories Burned For Treadmill: 15% Incline, 8.5 km/h (7 minutes per km). 3 Calories Burned For Treadmill: 15% Incline, 7.5 km/h (8 minutes per km). 4 Calories Burned For Treadmill: 15% Incline, 6.6 km/h (9 minutes per km). ", "How much cholesterol are in 1 serving? At 0 milligrams for every 500 calories, this specific food has a small level of cholesterol (it has the same amt as foods like mixed nuts, tomatoes and cereal). 0% of your daily recommended consumption will be fulfilled by this food/serving size. In this case, approximately 76% of foods in this food group have a greater carbs percentage. Having an average amt of carbs with a carbs/calorie ratio of 60%, it is around the same degree as soy sauce, soy nuts and shrimp. For a healthy female, 21 g is 7% of your daily recommended consumption.", "Ingredients. JIFFY makes its cornbread mix from wheat flour, yellow corn meal, sugar, animal shortening, baking soda, sodium acid pyrophosphate, salt, monocalcium phosphate, niacin, reduced iron, thiamine mononitrate, riboflavin and folic acid. Produced by the Chelsea Milling Company in Chelsea, Michigan, the JIFFY product line of boxed mixes includes cake mixes, crust mixes, frosting mixes, multi-purpose mixes and various muffin mixes. You can use the JIFFY corn muffin mix to make quick and easy cornbread -- all you need to add is an egg and milk.", "1 108 calories, 5g fat, 17g carbs, 3g protein, 4g fiber. 2 Calories In Teriyaki Chicken Skewers w/ broccoli, scalloped potaoes, & cornbread muffin dinner. 3 695 calories, 9g fat, 81g carbs, 67g protein, 3g fiber. ", "Here are the foods from our food nutrition database that were used for the nutrition calculations of this recipe. Calories per serving of Famous Dave's Cornbread Muffins. 77 calories of Egg, fresh, whole, raw, (0.22 cup (4.86 large eggs)). 58 calories of Canola Oil, (0.03 cup). Calories in Famous Dave's Cornbread Muffins. View the full Famous Dave's Cornbread Muffins Recipe & Instructions. Submitted by: AJUILLARD. TAGS: Side Items | Mexican | Mexican Side Items | Dinner | Side Items Dinner |.", "Jiffy cornbread on a table Photo Credit a_namenko/iStock/Getty Images. Produced by the Chelsea Milling Company in Chelsea, Michigan, the JIFFY product line of boxed mixes includes cake mixes, crust mixes, frosting mixes, multi-purpose mixes and various muffin mixes. You can use the JIFFY corn muffin mix to make quick and easy cornbread -- all you need to add is an egg and milk.", "The corn muffin mix has 150 calories in a 1/4-cup, or 1.3-ounce, serving with 40 calories from fat. When baked with added milk and egg, the same 1.3-ounce serving contains 170 calories, including 50 calories from fat. Produced by the Chelsea Milling Company in Chelsea, Michigan, the JIFFY product line of boxed mixes includes cake mixes, crust mixes, frosting mixes, multi-purpose mixes and various muffin mixes. You can use the JIFFY corn muffin mix to make quick and easy cornbread -- all you need to add is an egg and milk.", "How much sodium are in 1 serving? 10.83% of your daily recommended intake of sodium will be filled by this specific serving size. This item has less sodium than roughly 43 percent of all foods in our database. In the same way, compared to foods in its food group, this specific food has a reasonable amt of sodium. In this case, approximately 76% of foods in this food group have a greater carbs percentage. Having an average amt of carbs with a carbs/calorie ratio of 60%, it is around the same degree as soy sauce, soy nuts and shrimp. For a healthy female, 21 g is 7% of your daily recommended consumption." ], "url": [ "http://www.livestrong.com/article/304715-calories-in-a-corn-bread-muffin/", "http://www.sparkpeople.com/calories-in.asp?food=jiffy+corn+bread+muffin", "http://www.slimkicker.com/foods/honey-cornbread-muffin-mix-2092271", "http://www.livestrong.com/article/297707-how-many-calories-are-in-jiffy-cornbread/", "http://www.sparkpeople.com/calories-in.asp?food=cornbread+muffin", "https://recipes.sparkpeople.com/recipe-calories.asp?recipe=506934", "http://www.livestrong.com/article/297707-how-many-calories-are-in-jiffy-cornbread/", "http://www.livestrong.com/article/297707-how-many-calories-are-in-jiffy-cornbread/", "http://www.slimkicker.com/foods/honey-cornbread-muffin-mix-2092271" ] }

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[ "Thrush is a medical condition in which a fungus called Candida overgrows in the mouth and throat." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1 ], "passage_text": [ "Oral thrush occurs when a yeast infection develops on the inside of your mouth and on your tongue. This condition is also known as oropharyngeal candidiasis. Oral thrush is caused by the fungus Candida albicans. A small amount of this fungus normally lives in your mouth, but is kept in check by your immune system. An infection develops when the fungus overwhelms your body’s ability to control it. Oral thrush occurs most often in infants and toddlers", "Candidiasis is a fungal infection due to any type of Candida (a type of yeast). When it affects the mouth, it is commonly called thrush. Signs and symptoms include white patches on the tongue or other areas of the mouth and throat. Other symptoms may include soreness and problems swallowing. ", "Oral thrush — also called oral candidiasis (kan-dih-DIE-uh-sis) — is a condition in which the fungus Candida albicans accumulates on the lining of your mouth. Candida is a normal organism in your mouth, but sometimes it can overgrow and cause symptoms. ", "Thrush is a yeast infection that causes white patches in the mouth and on the tongue. Thrush is most common in babies and older adults, but it can occur at any age. Thrush in babies is usually not serious. You get thrush when a yeast called Candida, normally found on the body, grows out of control. ", "A. A. A. Thrush is an infection of the mouth caused by the candida fungus, also known as yeast. Candida infection is not limited to the mouth; it can occur in other parts of the body as well, causing diaper rash in infants or vaginal yeast infections in women. ", "Knowledge center. Oral thrush, also known as oral candidiasis is a yeast fungi infection of the genus Candida that develops on the mucous membranes of the mouth. It is most commonly caused by Candida albicans, but may also be caused by Candida glabrata or Candida tropicalis. ", "1 Thrush (oropharyngeal candidiasis) is a medical condition in which a fungus called Candida albicans overgrows in the mouth and throat. 2 Thrush may be caused by a variety of factors, including illness, pregnancy, medications, smoking, or dentures. Thrush facts. 1 ", "Thrush (oropharyngeal candidiasis) is a medical condition in which a fungus called Candida overgrows in the mouth and throat. Candida is normally present in the mouth, digestive tract, and skin of most healthy people. The immune system and the body's normal bacteria usually keep Candida in balance. When this balance is interrupted, it can result in an overgrowth of the Candida fungus, causing thrush, a yeast infection of the mouth or throat. Thrush is not the same as a vaginal yeast infection. Continue Reading." ], "url": [ "http://www.healthline.com/health/thrush", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Candidiasis", "http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/oral-thrush/basics/definition/CON-20022381", "http://www.webmd.com/oral-health/tc/thrush-topic-overview", "http://www.webmd.com/oral-health/guide/dental-health-thrush", "http://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/178864.php", "http://www.medicinenet.com/thrush/article.htm", "http://www.medicinenet.com/thrush/page2.htm" ] }

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[ "This area is by paying down your revolving (credit cards) debt." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "You have a low score, so I'm going to guess you have some charged-off, unpaid or seriously delinquent accounts on your credit report. The damage to your credit score has already happened. What you can do initially is make sure the negatives reported on your credit file are accurate and not out of date. Look over your credit reports, and dispute any negative items that you don't think are yours or are more than 7 years old. Your credit score utilizes historical data from your credit report to predict your future risk of default. The information on your credit report is usually an accurate reflection of your financial life.", "While it takes seven years for most derogatory items on your credit report to be removed, there are a few things you can do to raise your credit score sooner. Pay off your credit card balance. This is the easiest way to improve your credit score quickly. One of the major factors of your credit score is how you are using your credit. A big factor of that is your credit utilization ratio. This ratio compares your overall credit limit with the amount of credit you are currently using. ", "The fastest way to raise your credit score is by reducing your balance to credit ratio. For example, if you have a $5000 limit credit card, but owe $4900, that will kill your score. Reducing that balance down to 0 or even $1000, would likely cause a jump of 40+ points or more in your score. The first simple and fast tip to raising your credit score is by increasing your credit card limits. If your balance is $4900 on your $5000 limit card, your balance to credit ratio is nearly 100%. By raising your limit to say $8000, your score will jump because you now don’t look as stretched on your report.", "1 Keep balances low on credit cards and other revolving credit. 2 High outstanding debt can affect a credit score. 3 Pay off debt rather than moving it around. 4 The most effective way to improve your credit scores in this area is by paying down your revolving (credit cards) debt. 1 This won't rebuild your credit score immediately, but if you can begin to manage your credit and pay on time, your score should increase over time. 2 And seeking assistance from a credit counseling service will not hurt your FICO Scores.", "1 High outstanding debt can affect a credit score. 2 Pay off debt rather than moving it around. 3 The most effective way to improve your credit scores in this area is by paying down your revolving (credit cards) debt. 4 In fact, owing the same amount but having fewer open accounts may lower your scores. 1 This won't rebuild your credit score immediately, but if you can begin to manage your credit and pay on time, your score should increase over time. 2 And seeking assistance from a credit counseling service will not hurt your FICO Scores.", "The solution to improve your credit score: Gather up all those credit cards on which you have small balances and pay them off, Ulzheimer says. Then select one or two go-to cards that you can use for everything. That way, you're not polluting your credit report with a lot of balances, he says. One of the major factors in your credit score is how much revolving credit you have versus how much you're actually using. The smaller that percentage is, the better it is for your credit rating. The optimum: 30 percent or lower.", "1 Check Your Credit Report Credit score repair begins with your credit report. 2 If you haven't already, request a free copy of your credit report and check it for errors. 3 Your credit report contains the data used to calculate your score and it may contain errors. 1 This won't rebuild your credit score immediately, but if you can begin to manage your credit and pay on time, your score should increase over time. 2 And seeking assistance from a credit counseling service will not hurt your FICO Scores.", "1 The most effective way to improve your credit scores in this area is by paying down your revolving (credit cards) debt. 2 In fact, owing the same amount but having fewer open accounts may lower your scores. 3 Don't close unused credit cards as a short-term strategy to raise your scores. 1 This won't rebuild your credit score immediately, but if you can begin to manage your credit and pay on time, your score should increase over time. 2 And seeking assistance from a credit counseling service will not hurt your FICO Scores.", "But if you’re trying to boost your credit score quickly, you should start by paying off the credit card with the lowest available credit limit. For example, say you have two credit cards. One credit card has a $1,600 limit with a $400 balance, which means 25 percent of your available credit is being used. Ask for a credit line increase. Your credit utilization ratio, mentioned briefly above, is something lenders use to see how you’re managing your available credit. For example, if you have a $15,000 available credit limit and a $400 balance, you’re utilizing little of your available credit, so you look strong.", "If you want to use credit or get a loan someday, you should work on raising your credit score. It can take a while to earn a good credit standing, and for the most part, that's how the game is played: with patience and good behavior. But there are a few tricks to make it easier or faster to increase your credit score. 2. Pay Often. To get a great credit score, you should use as little of your available credit as possible — many experts recommend keeping your credit utilization lower than 30%, and 10% is even better. That's a huge bummer if your only credit card has something like a $500 limit." ], "url": [ "http://www.bankrate.com/finance/credit/how-to-quickly-boost-credit-score.aspx", "http://www.huffingtonpost.com/simple-thrifty-living/3-ways-to-improve-your-cr_b_5625447.html", "http://www.debtkid.com/raise-your-credit-score-fast-without-paying-a-dime-off", "http://www.myfico.com/CreditEducation/ImproveYourScore.aspx", "http://www.myfico.com/CreditEducation/ImproveYourScore.aspx", "http://www.bankrate.com/finance/debt/7-simple-ways-improve-credit-score-1.aspx", "http://www.myfico.com/CreditEducation/ImproveYourScore.aspx", "http://www.myfico.com/CreditEducation/ImproveYourScore.aspx", "http://www.csmonitor.com/Business/Saving-Money/2012/1201/Eight-surprising-ways-to-raise-your-credit-score", "http://abcnews.go.com/Business/perfectly-legal-hacks-improve-credit-score/story?id=23071180" ] }

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[ "Genus papaver" ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "A poppy is a flowering plant in the subfamily Papaveroideae of the family Papaveraceae. Poppies are herbaceous plants, often grown for their colorful flowers. This poppy is a common weed in Europe and is found in many locations; including Flanders, which is the setting of the famous poem In Flanders Fields , by the Canadian surgeon and soldier John McCrae.", "The opium poppy is the only species of Papaveraceae that is an agricultural crop grown on a large scale. Other species, Papaver rhoeas and Papaver argemone, are important agricultural weeds, and may be mistaken for the crop. Papaver somniferum is an annual herb growing to 100 cm. All parts of the plant are strongly glaucous, giving a greyish-green appearance, and the stem and leaves are sparsely covered with coarse hairs. The leaves are lobed and clasp the stem at the base.", "The name Poppy means 'from the flower' originating from the Latin language, it is a feminine given name. Girls with the name Poppy are so-o cool! I wish my name was Poppy! … It's after the flower. The flower name poppy is derived from papaver, the Latin word for poppy. exists and is an alternate of. Merge this question into. Split and merge into it. Answer by Aikenbabe. Confidence votes 4. Poppies, I believe, are within the genus papaver. yes, the poppys scientific name is the genus papaver.", "A distinctive symbol of remembrance, the common poppy has seeds that can lie dormant for over 80 years. Papaver rhoeas flower (Photo: Wolfgang Stuppy). Geography and distribution. The common poppy is thought to be native to southern Europe, North Africa and temperate Asia. It has become naturalised outside of this range and is now widespread throughout much of Europe, Asia and North America.", "One species of poppy, Papaver somniferum, produces edible seeds and is also the source of the crude drug opium which contains powerful medicinal alkaloids such as morphine and has been used since ancient times as an analgesic and a source of narcotic, medicinal and recreational drugs. This poppy is a common weed in Europe and is found in many locations; including Flanders, which is the setting of the famous poem In Flanders Fields , by the Canadian surgeon and soldier John McCrae.", "Papaver somniferum, the opium poppy, is the species of plant from which opium and poppy seeds are derived. Papaver somniferum is an annual herb growing to 100 cm. All parts of the plant are strongly glaucous, giving a greyish-green appearance, and the stem and leaves are sparsely covered with coarse hairs. The leaves are lobed and clasp the stem at the base.", "Opium is the source of many drugs, including morphine (and its derivative heroin), thebaine, codeine, papaverine, and noscapine. The Latin botanical name means the sleep-bringing poppy, referring to the sedative properties of some of these opiates. Papaver somniferum is an annual herb growing to 100 cm. All parts of the plant are strongly glaucous, giving a greyish-green appearance, and the stem and leaves are sparsely covered with coarse hairs. The leaves are lobed and clasp the stem at the base.", "California poppy is a plant. It is the state flower of California. People use the parts that grow above the ground for medicine. California poppy is used for trouble sleeping (insomnia), aches, nervous agitation, bed-wetting in children, and diseases of the bladder and liver. It is also used to promote relaxation" ], "url": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poppy", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Papaver_somniferum", "http://www.answers.com/Q/What_is_the_scientific_name_for_the_poppy", "http://www.kew.org/science-conservation/plants-fungi/papaver-rhoeas-common-poppy", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poppy", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Papaver_somniferum", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Papaver_somniferum", "http://www.webmd.com/vitamins-supplements/ingredientmono-104-CALIFORNIA%20POPPY.aspx?activeIngredientId=104&activeIngredientName=CALIFORNIA%20POPPY" ] }

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[ "A space-combat simulation game for the PDP-1 written in 1960-61 by Steve Russell, an employee at MIT.SPACEWAR was inspired by E. E. Doc Smith's Lensman books, in which two spaceships duel around a central sun, shooting torpedoes at each other and jumping through hyperspace." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "Spacewar! was an appealing, simple concept, and the hackers were the appealingly simple people to bring it to life. First, however, there was the small matter of software. The PDP-1 was a no-frills machine at the beginning; except for a few diagnostic and utility routines, there was no program library. Similarly, the torpedoes were not quite consistent with the Spacewar! universe after the heavy star was in place. The gravity calculations for two ships was as much as the program could handle; there was no time to include half a dozen missiles as well.", "In retrospect, it is remarkable that the original Spacewar! managed to include so many features, given the limitations of our PDP-1: 4K words (about 9K bytes) of memory, an instruction cycle time of five microseconds, and a subroutine multiply-divide. Similarly, the torpedoes were not quite consistent with the Spacewar! universe after the heavy star was in place. The gravity calculations for two ships was as much as the program could handle; there was no time to include half a dozen missiles as well.", "SpaceWar is a Group Power, which allows you to compete with others by destroying the other player's planets. You click on the black squares, if a moon is revealed, that means a planet is close. If someone destroys your planet, you will be unable to play for the rest of the game. This article gives information on SpaceWar. You don't need the power to play. You can find chats playing SpaceWar on the following linkː http://web.xat.com/games_chat.php or you can go to http://xat.com/Game if you want more details and more games. To play, simply click around the grid until you find a moon tile.", "Space War is a video game cartridge for the Atari 2600, released in 1978 by Atari, Inc. . Space War was made available on Microsoft's Game Room service for its Xbox 360 console and for Windows-based PCs on November 3, 2010.", "1 Spacewar! 4.4 proves to be the earliest known attempt at a multiplayer first-person shooter, or rather, what I would call a Planar FPS, since it conveys a view relative to the players as it would be seen on an onboard radar display of the respective spaceships. 1 The code is run from a binary paper tape image (RIM) labeled spaceWar_SA-5.bin 2 . This has been proven to be identical to loading the two paper tapes spacewar2B_2apr62.bin and stars.bin , both to be found at bitsavers.org.", "SPACEWAR. A space-combat simulation game for the PDP-1 written in 1960-61 by Steve Russell, an employee at MIT. SPACEWAR was inspired by E. E. Doc Smith's Lensman books, in which two spaceships duel around a central sun, shooting torpedoes at each other and jumping through hyperspace. MIT were wondering what to do with a new vector video display so Steve wrote the world's first video game. Steve now lives in California and still writes software for HC12 emulators. SPACEWAR aficionados formed the core of the early hacker cultur", "Spacewar! worked perfectly well from the test word switches on the console, except that the CRT was off to one side, so one player had a visual advantage. More to the point, with two excitable space warriors jammed into a space meant for one reasonably calm operator, damage to the equipment was a constant threat. Similarly, the torpedoes were not quite consistent with the Spacewar! universe after the heavy star was in place. The gravity calculations for two ships was as much as the program could handle; there was no time to include half a dozen missiles as well.", "The demonstration you are watching on the cathode ray tube is called Spacewar. At first look, Spacewar is a fascinating space-age game, in which two players maneuver rocket-armed spaceships in the near weightlessness of space until one is in position to fire the winning shot. 1 The code is run from a binary paper tape image (RIM) labeled spaceWar_SA-5.bin 2 . This has been proven to be identical to loading the two paper tapes spacewar2B_2apr62.bin and stars.bin , both to be found at bitsavers.org.", "SPACEWAR! COMPLETE. Please keep in mind that what follows did not happen in a neat first-one-thing-and-then-the next progression, but rather all at once in a period of about six weeks. When hackers are aroused, anything that can happen will. Similarly, the torpedoes were not quite consistent with the Spacewar! universe after the heavy star was in place. The gravity calculations for two ships was as much as the program could handle; there was no time to include half a dozen missiles as well.", "1 This is Spacewar! 4.1 modified by Peter Samson in 2005–2008 to include the scorer routine of Spacewar! 4.8. 2 Moreover, version 4.1f features modified brightness settings for the background starfield (for use at the CHM), which are here remapped to usual values by the emulator. 1 The code is run from a binary paper tape image (RIM) labeled spaceWar_SA-5.bin 2 . This has been proven to be identical to loading the two paper tapes spacewar2B_2apr62.bin and stars.bin , both to be found at bitsavers.org." ], "url": [ "http://www.wheels.org/spacewar/creative/SpacewarOrigin.html", "http://www.wheels.org/spacewar/creative/SpacewarOrigin.html", "http://util.xat.com/wiki/index.php?title=SpaceWar", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Space_War", "http://www.masswerk.at/spacewar/", "http://encyclopedia2.thefreedictionary.com/SPACEWAR", "http://www.wheels.org/spacewar/creative/SpacewarOrigin.html", "http://www.masswerk.at/spacewar/", "http://www.wheels.org/spacewar/creative/SpacewarOrigin.html", "http://www.masswerk.at/spacewar/" ] }

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[ "Skyline Drive is a 109-mile (175 km) road that runs the entire length of the National Park Service's Shenandoah National Park in the Blue Ridge Mountains of Virginia, generally along the ridge of the mountains." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "Follow us. Skyline Drive is one of the best known scenic drives in Virginia and for good reason. Traveling through Shenandoah National Park and along the crest of the Blue Ridge Mountains, it offers sensational views of gently rolling hills to the east and the rich agricultural valley to the west. The scenic drive is described beginning in Front Royal and traveling to Rockfish Gap. You can reach Front Royal from exit 6 on US-66 and traveling south on US-340. Shenandoah National Park and Skyline Drive will be on your left after driving through Front Royal. The Shenandoah National Park does charge an entrance fee which is covered by the America the Beautiful Interagency Annual Pass. Take it slow as you travel the curves", "Website www.visitskylinedrive.org. Skyline Drive runs 105 miles north and south along the crest of the Blue Ridge Mountains in Shenandoah National Park and is the only public road through the park. You can enter Shenandoah at four places. Front Royal Entrance Station in the north (Mile 0.6) is accessible via U.S. 340. This is the beginning of Skyline Drive through Shenandoah National Park.", "On the west side of Skyline Drive they are, from northeast to southwest, Warren, Page, Rockingham, and Augusta counties. On the east side of Skyline Drive they are Rappahannock, Madison, Greene, and Albemarle counties. The park stretches for 105 miles (169 km) along Skyline Drive from near the town of Front Royal in the northeast to near the city of Waynesboro in the southwest. ", "The historic 105-mile Skyline Drive, a National Scenic Byway, traverses Shenandoah National Park, a beautiful, historic national treasure. ", "For other roads named Skyline Drive, see Skyline Drive (disambiguation) . Skyline Drive is a 109-mile (175 km) road that runs the entire length of the National Park Service's Shenandoah National Park in the Blue Ridge Mountains of Virginia, generally along the ridge of the mountains. The scenic drive is particularly popular in the fall when the leaves are changing colors.", "One of the best mountain drives in America. Shenandoah National Park is known for spectacular panoramic views along Skyline Drive, a 105-mile scenic byway that traverses the entire length of the park. Located along the crest of Virginia’s Blue Ridge Mountains, Skyline Drive is one of the best mountain drives in the United States.", "© Virginia Tourism Corporation. Skyline Drive is a National Scenic Byway that runs 105 miles north and south along the Blue Ridge Mountains in Shenandoah National Park. There are 75 overlooks that offer stunning views of the Shenandoah Valley to the west or the rolling piedmont to the east", "Old Rag Mountain. Skyline Drive runs 105 miles north and south along the crest of the Blue Ridge Mountains in Shenandoah National Park and is the only public road through the park. Front Royal Entrance Station in the north (Mile 0.6) is accessible via U.S. 340. This is the beginning of Skyline Drive through Shenandoah National Park." ], "url": [ "https://www.myscenicdrives.com/drives/virginia/skyline-drive", "http://www.virginia.org/Listings/OutdoorsAndSports/SkylineDriveFrontRoyalEntrance/", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shenandoah_National_Park", "http://www.virginia.org/Listings/OutdoorsAndSports/SkylineDriveinShenandoahNationalPark/", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skyline_Drive", "http://www.visitskylinedrive.org/What-To-See.aspx", "http://dc.about.com/od/daytripsgetaways/a/SkylineDrive.htm", "http://www.virginia.org/Listings/OutdoorsAndSports/SkylineDriveFrontRoyalEntrance/" ] }

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[ "30 to 45 minutes." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "If frying the chicken is not an option for you, place the breaded chicken on an oiled jellyroll pan and cover with an oiled sheet of foil, and bake at 350F long enough to cook it through, about 30 to 45 minutes, then remove the foil and bake another 10 - 15 minutes before adding the cheese and/or sauce.*.", "Sprinkle the tops with sliced basil. Then lay slices of mozzarella over each cutlet and sprinkle with the remaining 1/2 cup of Parmesan cheese. 6 Bake in the oven at 400°F for 10-12 minutes, or until the mozzarella begins to brown. Serve with spaghetti and the remaining sauce, or in a large bread roll.", "The mayo keeps the chicken juicy, and sometimes, juicy chicken is a difficult thing to accomplish when you’re baking it. With around 10 minutes of prep time, and 20 minutes in the oven, this Parmesan Crusted Chicken will be ready in 30 minutes!", "1 Sprinkle 1 to 2 tablespoons of Parmesan cheese on top and drizzle with 1 tablespoon olive oil. 2 Bake in the preheated oven until cheese is browned and bubbly, and chicken breasts are no longer pink in the center, 15 to 20 minutes.", "Directions. Preheat the oven to 350 degrees F. Place the bread in the bowl of a food processor and process until fine crumbs are formed, about 25 to 30 seconds. Put the crumbs on a baking sheet and bake for 12 minutes, until golden. (You will wind up with about 1 1/3 cups toasted crumbs.).", "Pour 1 jar of your favorite spaghetti sauce over all. Sprinkle with Parmesan cheese and a little more mozzarella and bake for about 25 to 30 minutes, or until bubbly. Meanwhile, cook the spaghetti or linguine in boiling salted water following package directions. Drain well." ], "url": [ "http://www.answers.com/Q/How_long_do_you_bake_chicken_parmesan", "http://www.simplyrecipes.com/recipes/chicken_parmesan/", "http://www.centercutcook.com/parmesan-crusted-chicken/", "http://allrecipes.com/recipe/223042/chicken-parmesan/", "http://www.foodnetwork.com/recipes/ellie-krieger/chicken-parmesan-recipe.html", "http://southernfood.about.com/od/chickenbreastrecipes/r/bl80517l.htm" ] }

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[ "6 to 8 weeks." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 1 ], "passage_text": [ "When to Start the Medicine. The best time to start heartworm prevention medication in dogs is around 6 months of age. The medication is prescribed by your veterinarian and comes in chewable pill form. These pills are normally flavored so they are rather easy to administer.", "All dogs should start on regular heartworm prevention medicine when they are puppies. Most heartworm prevention medicines are safe for puppies as young as 6-8 weeks old. We recommend that puppies are started on heartworm prevention at their first puppy visit (usually around 8 weeks old). It is not necessary to test a young puppy for heartworms.", "Proheart 6 can only be used in dogs older than 6 months. Puppies should start on a monthly heartworm prevention by the time they are 8 weeks old, and can start using Proheart 6 when they are six months old.", "Some heartworm preventives can be given to puppies as young as 4 weeks of age, and kittens at 6 weeks of age. Consult with your veterinarian and consider the preventive you choose. Pay close attention to the medication's label and follow the manufacturer's guidelines.", "Prevention. Typically, you should begin heartworm treatment in puppies around 6 to 8 weeks of age, although some heartworm preventatives are suitable for even younger dogs. Once a dog reaches 6 months of age, however, you should not begin a preventative cycle without first having your dog tested for infection." ], "url": [ "http://www.ehow.com/about_5105714_start-heartworm-medicine.html", "http://princetonvet.net/when-should-i-start-my-dog-on-heartworm-prevention/", "http://princetonvet.net/when-should-i-start-my-dog-on-heartworm-prevention/", "http://www.drsfostersmith.com/pic/article.cfm?aid=582", "http://dogcare.dailypuppy.com/start-heartworm-meds-dogs-5604.html" ] }

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[ "$288,698." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "The median sales price for homes in Suwanee GA for Jul 15 to Oct 15 was $288,698. This represents a decline of 0.4%, or $1,302, compared to the prior quarter and an increase of 5% compared to the prior year. Sales prices have appreciated 17.4% over the last 5 years in Suwanee.", "Foreclosed: N/A. The average home price in Suwanee is $369,900, which is 24.1% higher than the average sold price in Suwanee ($298,000) . The average home price per square foot in Suwanee is $115 and about 5% of all homes in Suwanee sold in the last 6 months. For Suwanee home values, real estate prices, and city market trends, research the 22,984 property records or search our 1,073 recently sold or 726 homes for sale listings.", "Summary for Suwanee. The median sales price for homes in Suwanee GA for Jul 15 to Oct 15 was $288,698. This represents a decline of 0.4%, or $1,302, compared to the prior quarter and an increase of 5% compared to the prior year. Sales prices have appreciated 17.4% over the last 5 years in Suwanee.", "The median home value in 30024 is $285,400. 30024 home values have gone up 4.3% over the past year and Zillow predicts they will rise 3.4% within the next year. The median rent price in 30024 is $1,795, which is lower than the Suwanee median of $2,150.", "(22,989). The average home price in Suwanee is $369,900, which is 24.1% higher than the average sold price in Suwanee ($298,000) . The average home price per square foot in Suwanee is $115 and about 5% of all homes in Suwanee sold in the last 6 months. For Suwanee home values, real estate prices, and city market trends, research the 22,984 property records or search our 1,073 recently sold or 726 homes for sale listings.", "The median sales price for homes in Suwanee GA for Jul 15 to Oct 15 was $288,698 based on 250 home sales. Compared to the same period one year ago, the median home sales price increased 5%, or $13,698, and the number of home sales decreased 36.4%.", "Sellers' Market. The median home value in Suwanee is $333,200. Suwanee home values have gone up 4.3% over the past year and Zillow predicts they will rise 3.3% within the next year. The median rent price in Suwanee is $2,150, which is higher than the Atlanta Metro median of $1,200." ], "url": [ "http://www.trulia.com/real_estate/Suwanee-Georgia/market-trends/", "http://www.realtor.com/local/Suwanee_GA", "http://www.trulia.com/real_estate/Suwanee-Georgia/market-trends/", "http://www.zillow.com/suwanee-ga-30024/home-values/", "http://www.realtor.com/local/Suwanee_GA", "http://www.trulia.com/real_estate/Suwanee-Georgia/", "http://www.zillow.com/suwanee-ga/home-values/" ] }

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[ "Thanksgiving, prayers of praise, and prayers that ask for things." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "At Jewish Voice Ministries, prayer is one of our core values, and has been since the very beginning in 1967, when healing evangelist Louis Kaplan launched a ministry called Jewish Voice. ", "Daily Prayer Services. Avodah Sheba-Lev. It is the custom to pray three times a day, corresponding to the three patriarchs, the three times of temple sacrifice (tamid offerings), and Biblical examples (e.g., Daniel) of praying three times in the day. ", "E-mail. Discuss (18). Jewish Law makes it our duty to pray three times daily: in the morning, in the afternoon and at nightfall. These prayers are called morning prayer (shacharit), afternoon prayer (minchah) and evening prayer (arvith or maariv). Our Sages tell us that the custom of praying three times a day was originally introduced by our Patriarchs, Abraham, Isaac and Jacob. ", "These are prayers of thanksgiving, prayers of praise, and prayers that ask for things. Jews believe that God will take action in response to prayer, and a teaching from the rabbis tells us that the more we ask God to help us, the more God will love us. (Midrash Tehillim 4:3). ", "Tweet. Prayer is subordinate to study, but taken together, Jewish Prayer and Torah study are the yin and yang of religious life. The Jewish Prayerbook, the Siddur, did not compete with study for the Jewish soul; rather, it reinforced Torah study. ", "The Hebrew word for prayer is tefilah. It is derived from the root Pe-Lamed-Lamed and the word l'hitpalel, meaning to judge oneself. This surprising word origin provides insight into the purpose of Jewish prayer. Observant Jews are constantly reminded of G-d'-s presence and of our relationship with G-d, because we are continually praying to Him. Our first thought in the morning, even before we get out of bed, is a prayer thanking G-d for returning our souls to us.", "Kavanah: The Mindset for Prayer. When you say the same prayers day after day, you might expect that the prayers would become routine and would begin to lose meaning. While this may be true for some people, this is not the intention of Jewish prayer. Observant Jews are constantly reminded of G-d'-s presence and of our relationship with G-d, because we are continually praying to Him. Our first thought in the morning, even before we get out of bed, is a prayer thanking G-d for returning our souls to us.", "Readings from the Torah (five books of Moses) and the Nevi'im (Prophets) form part of the prayer services. To this framework various Jewish sages added, from time to time, various prayers, and, for festivals especially, numerous hymns. In Jewish philosophy and in Rabbinic literature, it is noted that the Hebrew verb for prayer— hitpallel התפלל—is in fact the reflexive form of palal פלל, to judge. Thus, to pray conveys the notion of judging oneself: ultimately, the purpose of prayer— tefilah תפלה—is to transform ourselves.", "please see the Guide to Transliteration. The Shema is one of only two prayers that are specifically commanded in Torah (the other is Birkat Ha-Mazon -- grace after meals). It is the oldest fixed daily prayer in Judaism, recited morning and night since ancient times. ", "According to the Talmud, prayer is a Biblical commandment and the Talmud Bavli gives two reasons why there are three basic prayers: to recall the daily sacrifices at the Temple in Jerusalem, and/or because each of the Patriarchs instituted one prayer: Abraham the morning, Isaac the afternoon and Jacob the evening. In Jewish philosophy and in Rabbinic literature, it is noted that the Hebrew verb for prayer— hitpallel התפלל—is in fact the reflexive form of palal פלל, to judge. Thus, to pray conveys the notion of judging oneself: ultimately, the purpose of prayer— tefilah תפלה—is to transform ourselves." ], "url": [ "http://www.jewishvoice.org/prayer/", "http://www.hebrew4christians.com/Prayers/Daily_Prayers/daily_prayers.html", "http://www.chabad.org/library/article_cdo/aid/682091/jewish/The-Three-Daily-Prayers.htm", "http://www.bbc.co.uk/religion/religions/judaism/worship/prayer_1.shtml", "http://www.aish.com/jl/m/pb/48954986.html", "http://www.jewfaq.org/prayer.htm", "http://www.jewfaq.org/prayer.htm", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jewish_prayer", "http://www.jewfaq.org/shemaref.htm", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jewish_prayer" ] }

[]

[ "Betsy Ross", "Betsy Ross" ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1 ], "passage_text": [ "Five months later, Betsy Ross, a Philadelphia seamstress, sews what is remembered as the first “American Flag,” featuring thirteen white stars laid in a circle on a blue background surrounded by thirteen red and white stripes. 1778-1794 – Alternative versions of the American flag continue to be produced and used by various prominent military outfits and sailing vessels in spite of the official adoption of the Ross design. All versions utilize the red, white, and blue theme.", "It stated: Resolved, that the flag of the United States be thirteen stripes, alternate red and white; that the union be thirteen stars, white in a blue field, representing a new Constellation.. We now observe Flag Day on June 14 each year. Since the first flag, the American flag’s design has been changed 26 times. Today’s flag consists of 13 horizontal stripes — seven red alternating with six white. The stripes represent the original 13 colonies. The 50 stars represent the 50 states that make up the United States", "1822-1867 – Fourteen more stars are added to the flag with the inclusion of Missouri, Arkansas, Michigan, Florida, Texas, Iowa, Wisconsin, California, Minnesota, Oregon, Kansas, West Virginia, Nevada and Nebraska. There are now thirty seven stars on the American Flag. 1778-1794 – Alternative versions of the American flag continue to be produced and used by various prominent military outfits and sailing vessels in spite of the official adoption of the Ross design. All versions utilize the red, white, and blue theme.", "I have described above the American flag design has been changed 28 th times in different turns of the history according to circumstances. American flag was added up the stars as new states entered in to the union eventually flag was added up by 50 stars in 1960. The designer of 50 stars American flag was Robert G. Heft (1941-2009) who was a school teacher and later on college professor. Robert G. Heft had been the mayor of Napoleon, Ohio. Now let me to review the history of American flag and to know who designed the American flag in different times. This article provides us a best comparison with her neighboring country Canadian flag facts, history and pictures.", "The American flag used today is the same as it was designed on 4 th July 1960 by Robert G. Heft. So designer of current American flag is Professor Robert G. Heft. He owned a prestigious honor; his designed flag is one of the longest continuing designs from last 53 years. Now let me to review the history of American flag and to know who designed the American flag in different times. This article provides us a best comparison with her neighboring country Canadian flag facts, history and pictures.", "On 4 th July 1776 United States got her independence from the Kingdome of Great Britain. On 14 July 1777, under a congressional act the 13 stars and 13 horizontal strips United States flag was introduced. Congressman Francis Hopkinson designed this American flag which was the official flag until 30 April 1795. Now let me to review the history of American flag and to know who designed the American flag in different times. This article provides us a best comparison with her neighboring country Canadian flag facts, history and pictures.", "Old Glory. 1 The origin of the first American flag is unknown. 2 Some historians believe it was designed by New Jersey Congressman Francis Hopkinson and sewn by Philadelphia seamstress Betsy Ross. 3 The name Old Glory was given to a large, 10-by-17-foot flag by its owner, William Driver, a sea captain from Massachusetts. The resolution stated: “Resolved, that the flag of the United States be thirteen stripes, alternate red and white; that the union be thirteen stars, white in a blue field, representing a new constellation.. On Aug. 3, 1949 President Harry S. Truman officially declared June 14 as Flag Day.", "The design of the flag has been modified 26 times officially since 1777. The 48-star flag was in effect for 47 years until the 49-star version became official on July 4, 1959. The 50-star flag was ordered by President Eisenhower on August 21, 1959 and was adopted in July 1960. The man credited with designing the current 50 star American flag was Robert G. Heft. He was 17 years old at the time and created the flag design in 1958 as a high school class project while living with his grandparents in Ohio. He received a B− on the project.", "History of the American Flag. According to popular legend, the first American flag was made by Betsy Ross, a Philadelphia seamstress who was acquainted with George Washington, leader of the Continental Army, and other influential Philadelphians. What is known is that the first unofficial national flag, called the Grand Union Flag or the Continental Colours, was raised at the behest of General Washington near his headquarters outside Boston, Mass., on Jan. 1, 1776." ], "url": [ "http://www.allstarflags.com/facts/american-flag-history/", "http://wonderopolis.org/wonder/who-made-the-american-flag/", "http://www.allstarflags.com/facts/american-flag-history/", "http://f9view.com/who-designed-the-american-flag-history", "http://f9view.com/who-designed-the-american-flag-history", "http://f9view.com/who-designed-the-american-flag-history", "http://www.pbs.org/a-capitol-fourth/history/old-glory/", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flag_of_the_United_States", "http://www.infoplease.com/ipa/A0875838.html" ] }

[]

[ "1.4 million" ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "Collisions with wind turbines account for about one-tenth of a percent of all unnatural bird deaths in the United States each year. And of all bird deaths, 30 percent are due to natural causes, like baby birds falling from nests [source: AWEA ].", "Wind turbines in the United States kill 1.4 million birds and bats each year, according to a new peer-reviewed study. Even though wind power generates only 3 percent of U.S. electricity, wind turbines kill 573,000 birds each year and 888,000 bats each year, the study reported.", "Wind turbines kill more than 573,000 birds each year in the United States, according to The Associated Press, including federally protected species like bald eagles and golden eagles. [ In Photos: Birds of Prey ].", "3793361. A new study found that the federal government underestimated the number of birds that die colliding with wind turbines across the country. In fact, bird deaths were found to be 30 percent higher than previous estimates given by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service in 2009.", "“Despite numerous violations, the Obama administration — like the Bush administration before it — has unofficially exempted the wind industry from prosecution under the Eagle Protection and Migratory Bird Treaty Acts,” wrote the Manhattan Institute’s Robert Bryce, as reported in the Daily Caller.", "Hundreds of thousands of birds and bats are killed by wind turbines in the U.S. each year, including some protected species such as the golden eagle and the Indiana bat.", "If you look around for statistics about bird deaths from wind turbines get you wildly different numbers. Some say just 10,000 birds a year meet their end at the hands (blades) of the wind industry. Others ramp that number up to 600,000." ], "url": [ "http://science.howstuffworks.com/environmental/green-science/wind-turbine-kill-birds.htm", "http://news.heartland.org/newspaper-article/2013/07/24/us-wind-turbines-kill-14-million-birds-and-bats-every-year", "http://news.yahoo.com/wind-turbines-kill-birds-190145748.html", "http://dailycaller.com/2013/07/23/study-feds-underestimated-how-many-birds-get-killed-by-wind-turbines/", "http://news.heartland.org/newspaper-article/2013/07/24/us-wind-turbines-kill-14-million-birds-and-bats-every-year", "http://grist.org/climate-energy/for-the-birds-and-the-bats-8-ways-wind-power-companies-are-trying-to-prevent-deadly-collisions/", "http://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/how-many-birds-do-wind-turbines-really-kill-180948154/" ] }

[]

[ "No", "No" ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1 ], "passage_text": [ "All gram-positive bacteria are bounded by a single-unit lipid membrane, and, in general, they contain a thick layer (20–80 nm) of peptidoglycan responsible for retaining the Gram stain. Violet stained gram-positive cocci and pink stained gram-negative rod-shaped bacteria. Gram-positive bacteria are bacteria that give a positive result in the Gram stain test. Gram-positive bacteria take up the crystal violet stain used in the test, and then appear to be purple-coloured when seen through a microscope.", "A Gram positive bacterium has a thick layer of peptidoglycan (left). A Gram negative bacterium has a thin peptidoglycan layer and an outer membrane (right). Structures in () are not found in all bacteria. The lack of a nuclear membrane simplifies the requirements and control mechanisms for the synthesis of proteins. Bacterial Morphology Bacterial Structure :: Cytoplasmic Structures :: Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria have similar internal, but very different external structures. The cytoplasm of the bacterial cell contains the DNA chromosome, the mRNA, ribosomes, proteins, and metabolites).", "Some bacteria, such as Deinococcus, which stain gram-positive due to the presence of a thick peptidoglycan layer and also possess an outer cell membrane are suggested as intermediates in the transition between monoderm (gram-positive) and diderm (gram-negative) bacteria. Violet stained gram-positive cocci and pink stained gram-negative rod-shaped bacteria. Gram-positive bacteria are bacteria that give a positive result in the Gram stain test. Gram-positive bacteria take up the crystal violet stain used in the test, and then appear to be purple-coloured when seen through a microscope.", "Digested by lysozyme 7. protein content 0 % 8. lipid and lipoprotein content 0-3 % 9. Gram positive bacteria stain purple. GRAM NEGATIVE BACTERIA: 1. A very thin layer of peptidoglycan 2. Teichoic acid are absent 3. Lipopolysaccharide is present (outside the polysacchride) 4. Weakly sensitive to penicillin 5. Weakly Digested by lysozyme 6. protein content 9% 7. lipid and lipoprotein content 58% 8. Gram negative bacteria stain pink.", "The LPS from the outer membrane of the Gram-negative cell wall (see Fig. 1B) is thought to add strength to the outer membrane, in a manner similar to the glycopeptides and teichoic acids of the gram-positive cell wall. Because of the naure of their cell wall, Gram-negative bacteria stain pink after Gram staining. 2. The Gram-negative cell wall consists of 2-3 interconnected layers of peptidoglycan surrounded by an outer membrane. 3. Peptidoglycan prevents osmotic lysis in the hypotonic environment in which most bacteria live.", "Specific to gram-positive bacteria is the presence of teichoic acids in the cell wall. Some of these are lipoteichoic acids, which have a lipid component in the cell membrane that can assist in anchoring the peptidoglycan. Violet stained gram-positive cocci and pink stained gram-negative rod-shaped bacteria. Gram-positive bacteria are bacteria that give a positive result in the Gram stain test. Gram-positive bacteria take up the crystal violet stain used in the test, and then appear to be purple-coloured when seen through a microscope.", "The Gram-negative Cell Wall. Gram-negative bacteria have a lipopolysaccharide-lipoprotein-phospholipid outer membrane surrounding a thin (sometimes a single) peptidoglycan layer. Gram-negative cell walls have no teichoic acids.", "The outer membrane of the Gram-negative cell wall appears as a lipid bilayer about 7 nm thick. It is composed of phospholipids, lipoproteins, lipopolysaccharides (LPS), and proteins. Because of the naure of their cell wall, Gram-negative bacteria stain pink after Gram staining. 2. The Gram-negative cell wall consists of 2-3 interconnected layers of peptidoglycan surrounded by an outer membrane. 3. Peptidoglycan prevents osmotic lysis in the hypotonic environment in which most bacteria live.", "Lipid A is a lipid component of an endotoxin held responsible for toxicity of Gram-negative bacteria. It is the innermost of the three regions of the lipopolysaccharide (LPS, also called endotoxin) molecule, and its hydrophobic nature allows it to anchor the LPS to the outer membrane. " ], "url": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gram-positive_bacteria", "http://micro.digitalproteus.com/morphology2.php", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gram-positive_bacteria", "http://www.answers.com/Q/Is_lipid_A_endotoxin_gram_negative_or_gram_positive", "http://faculty.ccbcmd.edu/courses/bio141/lecguide/unit1/prostruct/gncw.html", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gram-positive_bacteria", "http://classes.midlandstech.edu/carterp/Courses/bio225/chap04/lecture4.htm", "http://faculty.ccbcmd.edu/courses/bio141/lecguide/unit1/prostruct/gncw.html", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lipid_A" ] }

[]

[ "Pages Per Minute (PPM)." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1 ], "passage_text": [ "Any speed is measured in units of distance over units of time, such as miles per hour, kilometers per minute, Angstroms per microsecond, absent a need for a specific dimension … according to how the information is to be used (e.g., furlongs per day, knots). The speed of laser printers measured in two ways LPM (Lines per minute) PPM (Pages per minute) Different laser printers have different speeds Check t … he packing box or user manual of your printer to see its speed.", "Any sort of transfer of the Internet is measured in bits per second. Generally modems or other devices will round to the highest unit they can. Most devices today can measure … their transfer speed in megabits per seconds (Mb/s). Older devices, and even slower devices today are measured in kilobits per second (Kb/s). Another thing to keep in mind these are bits, not bytes, a byte is 8 bits.", "Printer speed is usually measured in one of three ways, with the general rule being the quicker the print, the greater the cost. Characters per second is the first way in which speed can be measured, i.e. by calculating how many letters, number and spaces it can print in a second. Next, lines per minute (or LPM) is a prevalent measurement of speed, calculating accordingly the number of lines printed each minute. Alongside that, the third way in which printer speed can be measured is in pages per minute, or PPM.", "Clock speed is a measure of how quickly a computer completes basic computations and operations. It is measured as a frequency in hertz (Hz), and most commonly refers to the speed of the computer's Central Processing Unit (CPU). While computer developers and users can refer to this term regarding CPU performance, this has fallen out of favor as CPUs have become more complex. There is a small quartz crystal inside of a CPU that vibrates at a particular oscillation or frequency. This frequency sets the speed of processes in the computer and is usually very high; they are typically measured in megahertz (MHz) and gigahertz (GHz).", "ISO ppm is based on the international standard for measuring print speed. Completed in March 2009, this standard was developed by technical experts and representatives from leading printer manufacturers, including Canon, Epson, HP, Kodak and Lexmark. It measures the out-of-the-box (default) speed, and is indicative of real-world print speeds you should expect at home. Much like MPG ratings on new cars, ISO ppm allows you to make an apples-to-apples comparison between printers and all-in-ones and different models from different manufacturers.", "Best Answer: It really depends on the printer type: Inkjet, Laser, Dye Sublimation are usually listed how many pages they can print per minute (i.e. 24 pages per minute or ppm). Dot Matrix printers are rated in how many characters per second they can print (i.e 80 characters per minute or cpm). Thermal printers are rated in how many Inches per Second of media they can produce (i.e. 8 inches per second or ips). Line printers are rated in how many lines of print per minute they can print (i.e. 1400 Lines per Minute or LPM). Source(s): Denver Al · 4 years ago.", "The speed of a dot-matrix printer is measured by the number of ____ it can print. characters per second. The speed of most _____________ printers ranges from 375 to 1100 characters per second. ", "Furthermore, a printer's maximum PPM speed is measured using basic text pages, with no graphics, lines, or other objects. Therefore, if you have a text document that includes a picture, the page could take several times longer to print than a plain text document. This is because manufacturers measure the maximum PPM in the fastest printing mode, a.k.a. economy mode, which is also the lowest quality. When printing in regular mode, the speed may be twice as slow. When printing in fine or high-quality mode, the speed will likely be reduced even further.", "Stands for Pages Per Minute.. PPM is used to measure the printing speed of both inkjet and laser printers. Most printers include a PPM rating for both black and color documents. These speed measurements are typically listed in the printer's technical specifications. This is because manufacturers measure the maximum PPM in the fastest printing mode, a.k.a. economy mode, which is also the lowest quality. When printing in regular mode, the speed may be twice as slow. When printing in fine or high-quality mode, the speed will likely be reduced even further." ], "url": [ "http://www.answers.com/Q/What_is_the_unit_of_measure_for_printer_speed", "http://www.answers.com/Q/How_is_print_speed_measured", "http://printerinkquestions.printcountry.com/answer/computer-basics-how-is-printer-speed-measured-98.htm", "http://www.wisegeek.org/what-is-clock-speed.htm", "http://www.epson.com/iso", "https://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20110627112421AAYaCoC", "http://www.studystack.com/flashcard-1279354", "http://techterms.com/definition/ppm", "http://techterms.com/definition/ppm" ] }

[]

[ "9 and 12 months" ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "The average age would be somewhere around 12 months. But average for babies across the world has nothing to do with it. What matters is what is average for your baby. You ha … ve babies that are pulling up as early as 5 months and walking as early as 7 months, or even earlier. … You have babies that are pulling up as early as 5 months and walking as early as 7 months, or even earlier. You have babies that began pulling up earlier than you thought he or she would, but refuse to take that first real step until they are 14 months old.", "The average age would be somewhere around 12 months. But average for babies across the world has nothing to do with it. What matters is what is average for your baby. … You have babies that are pulling up as early as 5 months and walking as early as 7 months, or even earlier. You have babies that began pulling up earlier than you thought he or she would, but refuse to take that first real step until they are 14 months old.", "My eldest son spoke his first word when he was 5 months. He started walking by 14 months of age. I was told that it was average for a child to start walken around 12 months of age. Generally, you can exect a baby to at least try walking between 9 and 12 months (some earlier some later), and they usually start babbling long before that. The general rule of thumb is that each child has his/her own developmental path.", "Confidence votes 19.3K. The average age would be somewhere around 12 months. But average for babies across the world has nothing to do with it. What matters is what is average for your baby. You have babies that are pulling up as early as 5 months and walking as early as 7 months, or even earlier. On average, a healthy child will begin to take its first steps between the ages of 10-15 months. Yes, males do tend to walk at a later age than females.", "That's an average age to start walking. Half of all kids are slower than average-that's what average MEANS. My two perfectly normal kids didn't walk until 18 months. It might take your friend's daughter another 6 months yet before she should worry about it. My oldest son started walking at 8 months, he was fine. My youngest son didn't start until he was 18 months, he was also fine. If the baby is standing and otherwise developing fine then don't worry. She will walk when she is ready.", "Red flag: If your child isn't toddling by 14 or 15 months, bring it up with her doctor. This is still within the normal range of development, but now's a good time to check for anything that may be delaying the milestone. 16 to 18 months. With help, your toddler can walk up and down stairs. ", "Going barefoot helps improve balance and coordination. What to do if your baby doesn’t walk. Don't fret if your child is simply taking her time. But if your child doesn't stand with support at 12 months, can't walk at 18 months, or isn't able to walk steadily at the age of 2 years, bring it up with her doctor. Most babies take their first steps sometime between 9 and 12 months and are walking well by the time they're 14 or 15 months old. Don't worry if your child takes a little longer, though. Some perfectly normal children don't walk until they're 16 or 17 months old", "While the average age to start walking is between 12 and 13 months, there is a very broad range of 'normal'. Some babies are up and running at nine months old, while others are still contentedly moving around on all fours or cruising the furniture at 18 months. ", "Rating Newest Oldest. Best Answer: depends on the child, since all children are different there are no average time frames, some as early as 7-8 months others not until a year or later. If your child is not walking or attempting to walk by a year you may want to talk to your childs doctor. It depends on the child. Small, physically strong children may start walking around 9 months and never stop. About a year is average. Babies that were premature are usually slower. Babies that are heavier are often slower." ], "url": [ "http://www.answers.com/Q/At_what_age_do_babies_walk", "http://www.answers.com/Q/At_what_age_do_babies_walk", "https://ca.answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20060920084009AAxnQHF", "http://www.answers.com/Q/What_is_the_average_age_that_a_baby_starts_walking", "https://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20090518041622AAQPmUB", "http://www.babycenter.com/0_your-childs-walking-timeline_10357004.bc", "http://www.babycenter.com/0_baby-milestone-walking_6507.bc", "http://www.kidspot.com.au/Childhood-firsts/Toddler-firsts-First-steps-Is-my-baby-ready-to-walk+6581+736+article.htm", "https://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20080528102144AAvR0mr" ] }

[]

[ "Sedimentary" ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "Shale is a rock composed mainly of clay-size mineral grains. These tiny grains are usually clay minerals such as illite, kaolinite and smectite. Shale usually contain other clay-size mineral particles such as quartz, chert and feldspar.", "Kaolinite, New Zealand’s most common clay mineral, is formed by the deep weathering of many different rocks such as granite, schist and greywacke.", "SEDIMENTARY ROCKS. Sedimentary rocks are made of particles of sediments such as sand and clay, or the skeletons and shells of sea creatures. When layers of loose sediment are buried and pressed down under more layers, the particles slowly cement together and lithify (form rock).", "Clay is a soft, loose, earthy material containing particles with a grain size of less than 4 micrometres (μm). It forms as a result of the weathering and erosion of rocks containing the mineral group feldspar (known as the ‘mother of clay’) over vast spans of time.", "Shale is a fine-grained sedimentary rock that forms from the compaction of silt and clay-size mineral particles that we commonly call mud. This composition places shale in a category of sedimentary rocks known as mudstones.", "Thats the glory of clay. What Clay is The earths crust is made up of largely igneous rock, which, as nature breaks it down, becomes clay. It has been being formed for millions of years, since the time of the glaciers. The main ingredients in clay are alumina, silica and water.", "Shale is usually found in thin layers. The silt or clay that composes shale is made of very small pieces of weathered rock. The pieces are from 1/16 to 1/256 of a millimeter in diameter. The color of a sample of shale is that of the clay or silt that it was formed from." ], "url": [ "http://geology.com/rocks/shale.shtml", "http://www.teara.govt.nz/en/rock-limestone-and-clay/page-7", "http://www.factmonster.com/dk/science/encyclopedia/rocks.html", "http://sciencelearn.org.nz/Contexts/Ceramics/Science-Ideas-and-Concepts/What-is-clay", "http://geology.com/rocks/shale.shtml", "http://www.kitcornellpottery.com/teaching/clay.html", "http://volcano.oregonstate.edu/book/export/html/1056" ] }

[]

[ "21 days", "21 days" ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "Retired in 2005, breeding Araucana chickens. A hen will usually sit on her eggs for 21 days. This can vary by a day or two. The hen will continue to guard the chick and keep it warm for 30 to 60 days even when venturing out in the yard. Unlike birds, lizards do not sit on their eggs. Instead, they strategically place them in places that they will receive proper heat. One of their favorite places are in … thick moist piles of leaves. As the leaves decompose, the bacterial action produces heat. The heat from the decomposition cycle warms the eggs.", "Once a hen starts to firmly set on the eggs, not get up and walk around during the day, her body temp will rise and bring all the eggs to the same stage of development. Once that rise starts, an egg will need between 21-23 days. Most will hatch on day 21-22, but a few stragglers will come along late. Usually, when a hen gets up off the nest and walks away with the brood, the remaining eggs are duds. Rarely have I seen a hen leave a nest with viable chicks still in it.", "It takes 21 days from the time the broody hen begins to sit and stay on the clutch of eggs. When incubating a clutch of fertilized eggs artificially, breeders collect eggs for … up to seven days and start them all at the same time. The average chicken lays about one egg every other day, and she, depending on her size, will likely make a clutch of 4-10 eggs. Once she stays on the nest fully for one whole day, you can count that as the first day of incubation, and start the 21 day countdown :).", "After she gets her clutch made, the eggs will hatch in approx. 21 days. She makes a clutch because if she just kept laying eggs and sitting on them, the chicks would all hatch … on different days. Eggs can keep for quite a while, while the hen is making a clutch. How long does it take for her to make a clutch? A clutch takes however long she'd like it to take lol. The average chicken lays about one egg every other day, and she, depending on her size, will likely make a clutch of 4-10 eggs. Once she stays on the nest fully for one whole day, you can count that as the first day of incubation, and start the 21 day countdown :).", "8-12 eggs is about right for most hens. I used hens tio hatch all of my eggs. Here is how I do it.. Each breeding pen has 1 pair, the hens lay in 5 gallon buckets 1/2 filled with soft hay. Whebn they begin to set I wait 2-3 days to make sure they are tight then move the pail w. hen and eggs to a seperat pen, after dark.", "Time the Hens Set It only takes 21 days for fertile eggs, properly incubated by a hen or in an incubator, to hatch. Note that this number begins not when the first egg in the clutch is laid, but when the hen stops laying and begins the setting process. The average chicken lays about one egg every other day, and she, depending on her size, will likely make a clutch of 4-10 eggs. Once she stays on the nest fully for one whole day, you can count that as the first day of incubation, and start the 21 day countdown :).", "Great article on broody hens. I tried to hatch my first chicks with a broody hen but the eggs weren't viable so I bought day old chicks to substitute for the eggs one night and it worked perfectly. Just because a hen is broody does not mean that she is going to be a successful or dedicated hatching hen. Some abandon the eggs after a number of days or weeks, or worse-they kill the chicks that hatch.", "I too utilize mother nature for my hatching. I currently have 5 hens sitting on 3 nests. 1 is on one and two are on the other two nests. I had my first experience with a hen hatch last year. They took 23-25 days. I notice they do happen to take a few days longer to hatch under a hen for some strange reason. Right now I have 10 hens and 2 roosters and they are all together. I do let them out of the pen during the day. - how long do the hens sit before the chicks hatch. - once the chicks hatch should I dispose of the other eggs that didn't hatch. - will the hens take care of the chicks or should I separate. - will the other hens and roosters hurt the baby chicks", "A broody hen is a chicken that has decided to sit on and hatch a clutch of eggs. The eggs may be fertilized or unfertilized. The broody hen will sit on the eggs day and night, leaving only once to eat, drink and poop. If you try to remove her from her eggs, she may hiss at you and peck you. " ], "url": [ "http://www.answers.com/Q/How_long_does_a_chicken_sit_on_her_eggs", "http://www.backyardchickens.com/t/492931/how-long-does-broody-hen-have-to-sit-on-eggs-till-they-hatch", "http://www.answers.com/Q/How_long_do_hens_set_on_their_eggs_before_hatching", "http://www.answers.com/Q/How_long_do_hens_set_on_their_eggs_before_hatching", "http://forums2.gardenweb.com/discussions/1428168/chickens-broody", "http://www.answers.com/Q/How_long_do_hens_set_on_their_eggs_before_hatching", "http://www.the-chicken-chick.com/2013/08/caring-for-broody-hens-facilitating-egg.html", "http://www.backyardchickens.com/t/340774/hens-sitting-on-eggs", "http://smallfarm.about.com/od/chickens/a/What-To-Do-With-A-Broody-Hen.htm" ] }

[]

[ "1906" ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "The NCAA was founded in 1906 to protect young people from the dangerous and exploitive athletics practices of the time. The rugged nature of early-day football, typified by mass formations and gang tackling, resulted in numerous injuries and deaths and prompted many college and universities to discontinue the sport.", "The NCAA was founded in 1906 to protect young people from the dangerous and exploitive athletics practices of the time.", "The NCAA, however, did not even enforce the filing of the concussion plans. AP. The NCAA was founded in 1906 to protect young people from the dangerous and exploitive athletics practices of the time, so states the National Collegiate Athletic Association on its official website.", "The IAAUS officially was constituted March 31, 1906, and took its present name, the NCAA, in 1910. For several years, the NCAA was a discussion group and rules-making body, but in 1921 the first NCAA national championship was conducted: the National Collegiate Track and Field Championships.", "... led to the formation of the NCAA in 1906 ... A type-2 diabetic, Mills often found himself “crashing ... Mills co-founded Running Strong for American Indian ... http://www.ncaa.org/about/resources/media-center/news/billy-mills-receive-ncaa%E2%80%99s-2014-theodore-roosevelt-award.", "... committee and 61 of those institutions have been sanctioned to some degree for violations found through the ... The NCAA was founded in 1906 ... http://www.ncaa.org/sites/default/files/2013%20Division%20III%20Membership%20Survey%20-%20Initial%20Report%20April%2025%202013.pdf.", "The NCAA was founded in 1906 to protect young people from the dangerous and exploitive athletics practices of the time. The rugged nature of early-day football, typified by ma … ss formations and gang tackling, resulted in numerous injuries and deaths and prompted many college and universities to discontinue the sport." ], "url": [ "http://www.jcs-group.com/sports/conferences/ncaa.html", "http://www.answers.com/Q/Who_founded_the_NCAA", "http://www.huffingtonpost.com/daniel-treadway/johnny-manziel-ncaa-eligibility_b_3020985.html", "http://www.jcs-group.com/sports/conferences/ncaa.html", "http://www.ncaa.org/gsearch/ncaa%20founded%201906", "http://www.ncaa.org/gsearch/ncaa%20founded%201906%20part", "http://www.answers.com/Q/When_was_the_NCAA_founded" ] }

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[ "Yes" ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "Jelly G offers an assortment of milk tea, green tea, coffee, espresso, and natural brown sugar drinks with all of the health benefits of grass jelly, but without any artificial coloring, preservatives or flavorings.", "Carbs and Protein. A 330-g serving of grass jelly contains 44 g of carbohydrates, and 2 g of these carbohydrates come from dietary fiber. The remainder of the carbohydrates come from sugar. Grass jelly is, therefore, higher in dietary sugar and carbohydrates.", "Colour Full Jelly .....is ready to serve. Agar Agar Jelly (china grass) is a healthy kids jelly. Agar-agar is a natural vegetable gelatin counterpart. Agar Agar or China Grass is a White and semi-translucent, it is sold in packages as washed and dried strips or in powdered form.", "Healthy Jelly, How to make jelly at home | Agar agar jelly recipe ,China grass jelly recipe. 1.Boil 2 cups of water ,By that time make power of Agar Agar (China Grass) by grinding it in mixer Grinder. Then add 2 tbsp of agar agar to the boiling water and keep boiling it for 5 min.", "A basic way to enjoy grass jelly is to cut it into cubes and drizzle with simple syrup, honey, or maple syrup. In Southeast Asia, you'll find grass jelly being added to desserts such as ice kacang (the everything but the kitchen sink of desserts) or chendol.", "This is because grass jelly has a high fiber content. Research Directorate Nutrition Department of Health found 6.23 grams per 100 grams of crude fiber content in the gel grass jelly. Consume daily with fruit and vegetables, can provide for as much as 30 grams of fiber daily.", "Fat and Vitamins and Minerals. Grass jelly does not contain any fat, vitamins or minerals. Because of this, the calorie count of this dessert remains relatively low. However, despite this dessert's lack of fat, the dessert does have a rich flavor that results from the sugar content of the carbohydrates." ], "url": [ "https://lifeandleisurephilippines.wordpress.com/tag/health-benefits-of-grass-jelly/", "http://www.livestrong.com/article/503130-fact-about-grass-jelly/", "http://www.pavispassion.com/2014/04/healthy-jelly-vegetarian-jelly-recipe.html", "http://www.pavispassion.com/2014/04/healthy-jelly-vegetarian-jelly-recipe.html", "http://mehungry-phyllis.blogspot.com/2009/04/weird-food-wednesdays-grass-jelly.html", "http://herbalmedicinalplant01.blogspot.com/2011/09/grass-jelly-can-treat-coronary-heart.html", "http://www.livestrong.com/article/503130-fact-about-grass-jelly/" ] }

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[ "Flexeril" ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "Medications for Back Pain Video. Muscle relaxants are not really a class of drugs, but rather a group of different drugs that each has an overall sedative effect on the body. These drugs do not act directly on the muscles; rather they act centrally (in the brain) and are more of a total body relaxant.", "Typically, muscle relaxants are prescribed early in a course of back pain, on a short-term basis, to relieve low back pain associated with muscle spasms. There are several types of muscle relaxant medications that are commonly used to treat low back pain. 1 See: Pulled Back Muscle and Lower Back Strain.", "Muscle relaxants are commonly indicated for the treatment of two different types of conditions: spasticity from upper motor neuron syndromes and muscular pain or spasms from peripheral musculoskeletal diseases or injury such as low back pain.", "Muscle relaxants are just one of the many types of medications that can be used to treat spasticity or spasms. Other medications that are sometimes used as muscle relaxants but don't carry FDA approval for this purpose include benzodiazepines, such as diazepam (Valium and generics), and botulinum toxin (Botox).", "Muscle relaxants, which are also known as skeletal muscle relaxants, are a type of medication that is typically used to reduce or prevent muscle spasms or muscle spasticity that occurs as the result of some upper motor neuron syndromes. This group of medications do not actually act on the muscles themselves.", "Muscle relaxants are medicines that are used to prevent and reduce muscle spasms and spasticity. Muscle spasms occur when there is an uncontrolled (involuntary) contraction of a group of muscles. The muscles usually shorten (contract) suddenly; this is often painful.", "Flexeril, a generic variety of the medication cyclobenzaprine, is a muscle relaxer that is usually prescribed for the short-term relief of muscle spasms. Flexeril is also sometimes used for long-term conditions such as chronic fatigue syndrome and fibromyalgia.", "a muscle relaxant, is used with rest, physical therapy, and other measures to relax muscles and relieve ... medications you are taking, especially medications for allergies, coughs, or colds; muscle relaxants; sedatives; sleeping ..." ], "url": [ "http://www.spine-health.com/treatment/pain-medication/muscle-relaxants", "http://www.spine-health.com/treatment/pain-medication/muscle-relaxants", "http://livertox.nih.gov/MuscleRelaxants.htm", "http://www.healthline.com/health/consumer-reports-muscle-relaxants", "https://paindoctor.com/treatments/muscle-relaxants/", "http://patient.info/health/muscle-relaxants", "http://musclerelaxerslist.com/muscle-relaxers-list/", "http://www.lifescript.com/health/centers/rheumatoid_arthritis/s.aspx?query=list+of+muscle+relaxers" ] }

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[ "Selecting the carpet-carpeting can cost as little as $2 per square foot, or as high as $100 per square yard, but the average carpet and pad will cost between $30 and $40 per square yard-for a total of around $995 for the carpeting alone." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "You still need … a pad and generally need professional installation so the full price would be roughly near $300. If you have already purchased your new carpet and are simply looking for installation costs, plan on spending approximately $5 to $10 per square yard. Measure the area of the space to be covered. Multiply by the cost of the unit area of the carpet. A typical economy carpet at Lowe's is about $2.25 per square foot including p … ad, plus $97 for installation of any number of rooms. A pretty nice carpet runs about double-around $4.50 per square foot.", "The cost of the actual carpet fluctuates with quality. The average cost of builder’s grade carpet is $9 per yard and it typically lasts three to five years. Medium grade carpet costs $25 per yard and lasts 12 to 15 years. Luxury carpet can average $45 per yard or more", "Carpet pad cost: $0.30 to $0.60 sq/ft. Carpet installation cost: $0.50 sq/ft. For budgeting purposes, adding $1.00 sq/ft. for padding and installation to the carpet cost gives a good estimate. Captain’s parting words: There’s no exact answer for how much carpet costs. Nevertheless, it’s important to have an idea of what you should be paying. Step 2: Determining the cost of the carpet. Carpet prices range anywhere from $0.50 to over $10 per square foot. Most homes will want a carpet that is between $2-$4 per square foot, but this is by no means a rule.", "Labor. Labor costs are one of the most flexible aspects of carpet installation and vary depending on which installer you talk to. As of this writing, expect to pay between $9 to $12 per square yard of carpet installation for a competitive, average installer. Luxury carpets can cost three times that. On top of that, an installer may also charge a carpet removal fee for using their vehicle to transport things to the landfill. Typically, these costs range from $2 to $4 per yard as of 2013. If there are difficult materials to remove, such as tile and hardwood, labor costs go up.", "1 Selecting the carpet-carpeting can cost as little as $2 per square foot, or as high as $100 per square yard, but the average carpet and pad will cost between $30 and $40 per square yard-for a total of around $995 for the carpeting alone. ColorYourCarpet.com indicates that there is no such thing as free installation and goes on to illustrate the many additional costs that can be unexpectedly tacked on to a free or fixed-rate install. They indicate that most residential installations will require from $3 to $6 per yard strictly for labor.", "Material Costs. As of 2013, carpet costs range depending on the quality you desire, with a low-end carpet ranging from $2 to $3 on average per square foot. Carpet is actually sold by the yard, but most shops advertise in square feet to avoid customer confusion. On top of that, an installer may also charge a carpet removal fee for using their vehicle to transport things to the landfill. Typically, these costs range from $2 to $4 per yard as of 2013. If there are difficult materials to remove, such as tile and hardwood, labor costs go up.", "1 Prices range from $2 a square foot for the most inexpensive carpeting, including some self-adhesive carpet tiles, to as much as $100 a square yard for high-end or custom project. 2 Decent carpeting and padding can usually be installed for $19-$38 a square yard, or $300-$600 for a 12x12-foot room. Related articles: Hardwood Floors, Vinyl Flooring, Home Addition. 1 ", "Our free calculator uses recent, trusted data to estimate costs for your Carpet Installation project. For a basic 250 square feet project in zip code 47474, the benchmark cost to Install Carpet ranges between $3.74 - $4.83 per square foot* . To estimate costs for your project: 1. Set Project Zip Code Enter the Zip Code for the location where labor is hired and materials purchased", "1 Decent carpeting and padding can usually be installed for $19-$38 a square yard, or $300-$600 for a 12x12-foot room. 2 If it's not included, add, $2.50-$6 a square yard for padding. 3 Be skeptical of prices that include free padding, because good padding increases the life span of your carpet; ask about upgrades. Related articles: Hardwood Floors, Vinyl Flooring, Home Addition. 1 Prices range from $2 a square foot for the most inexpensive carpeting, including some self-adhesive carpet tiles, to as much as $100 a square yard for high-end or custom project." ], "url": [ "http://www.answers.com/Q/How_much_does_it_cost_to_install_carpet", "http://budgeting.thenest.com/average-cost-carpet-laying-22984.html", "http://www.carpetcaptain.com/prices/", "http://homeguides.sfgate.com/average-cost-carpet-laying-77332.html", "http://www.fixr.com/costs/carpet-installation", "http://homeguides.sfgate.com/average-cost-carpet-laying-77332.html", "http://home.costhelper.com/carpeting.html", "http://homewyse.com/services/cost_to_install_carpet.html", "http://home.costhelper.com/carpeting.html" ] }

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[ "Corn", "Herds of bison wandered the Plains, and their meat, next to corn, formed the main food for the Pawnee." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 1, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "To sustain this number of people, the Pawnee depended not only on hunting, but on gathering and planting as well. Pawnee women and girls gathered many kinds of food from plants that grew on the prairie. These included milkweed pods, sunflower seeds, wild nuts, and berries.", "The bison was very important to the Plains Indians. They used every part of the animal. meat-roasted on the campfire, boiled, for pemmican and jerky, sausages hides with the hair left on-winter clothing, gloves, blankets, robes, costumes for ceremonies or for hunting.", "Small animals, as well as birds and fish, were common sources of food. Wild animals of many types provided the hunter with game. Herds of bison wandered the Plains, and their meat, next to corn, formed the main food for the Pawnee. One bison provided enough meat to feed one person for a year. Almost every part of the bison was used by the Pawnee. The horns were made into spoons; the thick hide on top of the head was used as a bowl.", "Likewise, the women of the Pawnee Indian tribe were in charge of cooking. The Pawnee Indians staple foods were corn (maize), beans, pumpkins, and squash. The Pawnee Indians practiced a religion that tried to maintain a balance between the gods and nature, similar to most Indian tribes at the time.", "Along streams or in marshy places they found roots of yellow lotus, cattail, wild onions, and sweet flag. They also gathered chokecherries, wild plums, wild grapes, sand cherries, wild potatoes, turnips, and turkey peas. Cultivated gardens produced much of their food. A Pawnee woman's garden was about one acre in size.", "While the men were on the hunt, the Pawnee women planted gardens. They grew corn, beans, pumpkins, and squash. Their main vegetable was corn. The Pawnee also gathered seeds, nuts, and berries. They would preserve their food and store the surplus to make sure they plenty to eat throughout the year. When the Pawnee followed the migrating herds of bison, they had to leave their permanent homes and live on the plains.", "Pawnee Foods. The Pawnee were one of the most important Native American tribes of the Plains area. By the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries, they were living in circular earthlodges in large villages, sometimes including more than a thousand people." ], "url": [ "http://www.nebraskahistory.org/publish/publicat/timeline/pawnee_foods.htm", "http://schoolwires.henry.k12.ga.us/cms/lib08/GA01000549/Centricity/Domain/3156/Pawnee%20-%20students.pdf", "http://www.nebraskahistory.org/publish/publicat/timeline/pawnee_foods.htm", "http://www.native-net.org/tribes/pawnee-indians.html", "http://www.nebraskahistory.org/publish/publicat/timeline/pawnee_foods.htm", "http://schoolwires.henry.k12.ga.us/cms/lib08/GA01000549/Centricity/Domain/3156/Pawnee%20-%20students.pdf", "http://www.nebraskahistory.org/publish/publicat/timeline/pawnee_foods.htm" ] }

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[]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "One reason why we need fat in our diet is that the fat-soluble vitamins are transported with fats in “lipoproteins” in our blood, or with specific transport proteins because they cannot dissolve in water (or blood). These vitamins operate in cells and their membranes. There are two main categories of vitamins – fat-soluble and water-soluble. Here we explain the which are the fat soluble vitamins, why you need them and where you find them in our foods.", "Fat-soluble vitamins are primarily stored in the liver and adipose tissues. With the exception of vitamin K, fat-soluble vitamins are generally excreted more slowly than water-soluble vitamins, and vitamins A and D can accumulate and cause toxic effects in the body. ", "Fat and Water Soluble Vitamins Explained. Water soluble vitamins and fat soluble vitamins are nutrients your body needs in your diet for you to stay healthy. For optimal health, it is important to get the vitamins and minerals your body needs--either through a balanced, nutritious diet, health supplements, or both. Your body requires two kinds of vitamins: fat soluble vitamins (A, D, E and K) and water soluble vitamins (B-complex and C).", "Fat-Soluble Vitamins. The fat-soluble vitamins are A, D, E, and K. Fat-soluble vitamins are absorbed in the lymph, transported in the blood, and can be stored in the liver and fatty tissues for use as needed. The fat-soluble vitamins are the ones you really need to be careful about. Because fat-soluble vitamins can be stored in the body, these vitamins can build up to toxic levels when consumed in excessive amounts. All B vitamins and vitamin C are water-soluble. Water-soluble vitamins are easily dissolved in the body. The kidneys remove excess amounts of these vitamins so they can be excreted in the urine. Still, this doesn't mean that you can take vitamins B and C in unlimited quantities.", "Doctor's Answer: Vitamins are classified as either fat soluble (vitamins A, D, E and K) or water soluble (vitamins B and C). This difference between the two groups is very important. It determines how each vitamin acts within the body. The fat soluble vitamins are soluble in lipids (fats).", "Obviously, in order for your body to actually absorb all of these fat-soluble vitamins (and other fat-soluble nutrients) you need to eat them with some fat. Dietary fats are also needed for the conversion of carotene to vitamin A, for mineral absorption, and for a host of other biological processes. ", "Water soluble vitamins, which are highly soluble, require daily replenishment in your body. Fat soluble vitamins, which are also essential for your health and stored in your liver, do not need to be replaced every day. The Importance of Fat Soluble Vitamin A. For optimal health, it is important to get the vitamins and minerals your body needs--either through a balanced, nutritious diet, health supplements, or both. Your body requires two kinds of vitamins: fat soluble vitamins (A, D, E and K) and water soluble vitamins (B-complex and C).", "Fat-soluble vitamins. Fat-soluble vitamins are found mainly in fatty foods and animal products, such as vegetable oils, milk and dairy foods, eggs, liver, oily fish and butter. While your body needs these vitamins every day to work properly, you don't need to eat foods containing them every day. Water-soluble vitamins are found in a wide range of foods, including fruit, vegetables, potatoes, grains, milk and dairy foods. Unlike fat-soluble vitamins, they can be destroyed by heat or being exposed to the air.", "Getting too many fat-or water-soluble nutrients, either from the food you eat or from supplements, can be dangerous. Vitamin and mineral supplements are serious business, and taking more than you need -- unless you are under the care of your doctor -- may be bad for your health. Vitamins are classified into two types: water-soluble vitamins and fat-soluble vitamins. They are divided into these groups according to how they are dissolved and stored in your body. Fat-soluble vitamins reside in your body's fatty tissue and liver and are used as needed by" ], "url": [ "http://www.eatbalanced.com/why-eat-balanced/why-do-we-need-vitamins/fat-soluble-vitamins/", "http://www.diet.com/store/facts/vitamins-fatsoluble", "http://www.fitday.com/fitness-articles/nutrition/vitamins-minerals/fat-and-water-soluble-vitamins-explained.html", "http://geritol.com/vitamin-faqs/which-vitamins-are-fat-soluble-and-water-soluble", "http://www.medicinenet.com/script/main/art.asp?articlekey=10736", "http://articles.mercola.com/sites/articles/archive/2015/04/20/important-fat-soluble-vitamins.aspx", "http://www.fitday.com/fitness-articles/nutrition/vitamins-minerals/fat-and-water-soluble-vitamins-explained.html", "http://www.nhs.uk/Conditions/vitamins-minerals/Pages/Vitamins-minerals.aspx", "http://www.webmd.com/vitamins-and-supplements/nutrition-vitamins-11/fat-water-nutrient" ] }

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[ "The mountains block moist air from oceans or tropical climates from reaching the steppe. There is not enough precipitation for trees to grow except by rivers." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 1 ], "passage_text": [ "Plants. Animals. Climate. Grasslands. The Steppe biome is a dry, cold, grassland that is found in all of the continents except Australia and Antarctica. It is mostly found in the USA, Mongolia, Siberia, Tibet and China. There isn't much humidity in the air because Steppe is located away from the ocean and close to mountain barriers.", "(Sources (FAO). The tropical steppe climate is a transitional climate between the tropical wet and tropical dry climates. The controlling factors of the climate are similar to that of the tropical dry climate, though temperatures are cooler and annual precipitation is higher.", "The Steppe Biome is a dry, cold, grassland that is found in all of the continents except Australia and Antarctica. It is mostly found in the USA, Mongolia, Siberia, Tibet and China. There isn't much humidity in the air because Steppe is located away from the ocean and close to mountain barriers.", "The climate of the tropical steppe is a direct result of its interior continental location and proximity to the subtropical high. The tropical steppe is not as dry as the tropical desert climate as it lies closer to a source of moisture. If on the equatorward side of the desert it is the ITCZ, or the subpolar low and midlatitude cyclones if it is located poleward side.", "A steppe climate is found in the middle of continents and in the lee of high mountains. The mountains block moist air from oceans or tropical climates from reaching the steppe. There is not enough precipitation for trees to grow except by rivers." ], "url": [ "http://www.blueplanetbiomes.org/steppe.htm", "http://www.earthonlinemedia.com/ebooks/tpe_3e/climate_systems/tropical_steppe.html", "http://www.thesustainabilitycouncil.org/steppe-biome.html", "http://www.earthonlinemedia.com/ebooks/tpe_3e/climate_systems/tropical_steppe.html", "http://www.blueplanetbiomes.org/steppe_climate_page.htm" ] }

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[ "Children" ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "Courts technology provides better service. Better service for victims of crime-A significant number of child witness and vulnerable adult witnesses can give evidence to the court from a remote witness room, via video-link. This removes the need for victims of crime and witnesses to face their perpetrators in court. The technology is so advanced that it links with the court's computer system, VCR and DVD replay devices and a document camera so that evidence being viewed in the court can also be viewed in the remote witness room.", "• Remote trials where the defendants are trialled remotely (aka Virtual Courts). If the Court grants permission to have a witness give evidence via video link, our public facilities can be treated as an extension of the Courtroom. The witness does not need to know any technical details, they just sit there: Eyenetwork does the rest. In 2012 the Department of Justice rolled out a massive programme to increase the use of video for evidence when appropriate. Most English courts have at least one video enabled court room and all Magistrates courts have video systems which link to prisons for bail hearings.", "It is particularly important that the advocate speaks to child witnesses before the trial. This is even more important when a child is to give evidence by live link and will only see the advocates on screen when giving evidence. Children can be affected by crime even if they are not themselves victims or witnesses. A child may be seriously affected by, for example, domestic violence, even if not present in the same room where the offence is committed.", "The letter that you receive asking you to be a witness is from the court and so you have to do what they ask. You can give evidence whatever age you are as long as you can understand the questions that you will be asked and can give answers that the judge and jury can understand. You will sit in a room away from the court room. In this room there will be a TV screen with a small camera attached to it. If this happens, you will be able to see and hear the judge and lawyers in the courtroom and they will be able to see and hear you. They will ask you questions via the TV link", "Where evidence is given through a live link, any jury must be directed to give the same weight to the evidence as if it had been given by the witness in court. 44. Special arrangements for vulnerable or intimidated witnesses, including children, may include giving evidence by live link. 39. The CJA 2003 sets out the circumstances in which a witness can give evidence through a live link. The provisions state that any person (other than the accused) can give evidence through a live link if the court directs. Witnesses are generally required to attend the court in person.", "Child witnesses should have had the opportunity to have one or more visits to the court. This can be vital in ensuring that the child is not overawed on the day of the trial and that they understand the layout of the court when giving evidence from the live link room. Children can be affected by crime even if they are not themselves victims or witnesses. A child may be seriously affected by, for example, domestic violence, even if not present in the same room where the offence is committed.", "On the day that you give evidence they will meet you at the court and make sure that you have somewhere quiet to wait before you give evidence. They will also accompany you to the court room when it is time to give evidence. You can also be provided with a child information pack. You will sit in a room away from the court room. In this room there will be a TV screen with a small camera attached to it. If this happens, you will be able to see and hear the judge and lawyers in the courtroom and they will be able to see and hear you. They will ask you questions via the TV lin", "If a direction is given permitting a witness to give evidence through a live link, then the evidence of the witness concerned will only be able to be given by live link. The direction as to the live link evidence may be rescinded by the court if it appears to be in the interests of justice to do so. 42. 39. The CJA 2003 sets out the circumstances in which a witness can give evidence through a live link. The provisions state that any person (other than the accused) can give evidence through a live link if the court directs. Witnesses are generally required to attend the court in person." ], "url": [ "http://www.courts.dotag.wa.gov.au/V/video_link.aspx?uid=3226-3984-5962-8567", "http://www.eyenetwork.com/specialist-expertise/video-conferencing-legal/", "https://www.cps.gov.uk/legal/v_to_z/safeguarding_children_as_victims_and_witnesses/", "http://www.lawstuff.org.uk/the-facts/crime-police-and-court/being-a-witness-in-court", "http://www.hse.gov.uk/enforce/enforcementguide/court/oral-witnesses.htm", "https://www.cps.gov.uk/legal/v_to_z/safeguarding_children_as_victims_and_witnesses/", "http://www.lawstuff.org.uk/the-facts/crime-police-and-court/being-a-witness-in-court", "http://www.hse.gov.uk/enforce/enforcementguide/court/oral-witnesses.htm" ] }

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[ "1 Cellulitis (common bacterial skin infection). 2 Enlarged, visible veins. 3 Feeling of heaviness in the legs. 4 Hardened tissue under the skin. 5 Leg pain and swelling. 6 Rash. 7 Skin discoloration such as bruising" ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1 ], "passage_text": [ "Deep vein thrombosis signs and symptoms can include: 1 Swelling in the affected leg. 2 Rarely, there may be swelling in both legs. 3 Pain in your leg. 4 The pain often starts in your calf and can feel like cramping or a soreness.", "Some of the comorbid or associated medical symptoms for Vein pain may include these symptoms: 1 Body symptoms. 2 Leg swelling. 3 Swelling symptoms. 4 Vein swelling. 5 Acute arm muscle strain. 6 Acute arm strain. 7 Acute biceps muscle strain. 8 more associated symptoms...».", "1 Symptoms include skin redness; a firm, tender, warm vein; and sometimes pain and swelling. 2 Deep vein thrombosis, which is a blood clot in a deeper vein. 3 It can cause a “pulling” feeling in the calf, pain, warmth, redness, and swelling. 4 However, sometimes it causes no significant symptoms.", "Varicose Veins-Symptoms. You may not have symptoms with varicose veins. Most people identify varicose veins by the appearance of twisted, swollen, bluish veins just beneath the skin. If you have symptoms of varicose veins, they tend to be mild and may include: 1 A dull ache, burning, or heaviness in the legs.", "Leg symptoms that may occur along with vein pain. Vein pain may accompany other symptoms that result from varicose veins or venous insufficiency (poor circulation) including: 1 Cellulitis (common bacterial skin infection). 2 Enlarged, visible veins. 3 Feeling of heaviness in the legs. 4 Hardened tissue under the skin. 5 Leg pain and swelling. 6 Rash. 7 Skin discoloration such as bruising.", "Vein pain may accompany other symptoms that result from varicose veins or venous insufficiency (poor circulation) including: 1 Cellulitis (common bacterial skin infection). 2 Enlarged, visible veins. 3 Feeling of heaviness in the legs. 4 Hardened tissue under the skin. 5 Leg pain and swelling. 6 Rash. 7 Skin discoloration such as bruising." ], "url": [ "http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/deep-vein-thrombosis/basics/symptoms/CON-20031922", "http://www.rightdiagnosis.com/sym/vein_pain.htm", "http://womenshealth.gov/publications/our-publications/fact-sheet/varicose-spider-veins.html", "http://www.webmd.com/skin-problems-and-treatments/tc/varicose-veins-symptoms", "http://www.healthgrades.com/symptoms/vein-pain--symptoms", "http://www.healthgrades.com/symptoms/vein-pain--symptoms" ] }

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[ "$0 to $50,000 depending on the type of adoption pursued." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "1 Document preparation costs range from $100 for foster care or relative adoptions to $2,000 for international adoptions. 2 In certain adoptions, the prospective parents may require legal counsel, at an average hourly rate of $200-$250. 1 In cases of foster care adoptions, this is paid for by the state or local public agency. 2 For private agency adoptions, the prospective parents pay for a social worker to conduct the home study, at an average cost $1,000 to $3,000.", "1 International adoptions tend to cost about $35,000. 2 Approximately 69% of foster adoptions report total costs of less than 1,000. 3 Approximately 78% of families who complete a foster adoption report having received a monthly adoption subsidy, which averages $707 per month. Costs of adopting may be minimal or can total more than $40,000, depending on a number of factors. The chart below outlines some general categories of adoption and costs associated with the services provided", "1 All adoptions also require court documents to reflect the legal procedure. 2 Document preparation costs range from $100 for foster care or relative adoptions to $2,000 for international adoptions. 3 In certain adoptions, the prospective parents may require legal counsel, at an average hourly rate of $200-$250. 1 In cases of foster care adoptions, this is paid for by the state or local public agency. 2 For private agency adoptions, the prospective parents pay for a social worker to conduct the home study, at an average cost $1,000 to $3,000.", "1 The cost varies based on a variety of factors including services provided, travel expenses, birthmother counseling and other expenses, as well as other legal requirements by the state in which the adoption takes place. 2 International adoptions are the most expensive, ranging from $7,000 to $30,000. 1 In cases of foster care adoptions, this is paid for by the state or local public agency. 2 For private agency adoptions, the prospective parents pay for a social worker to conduct the home study, at an average cost $1,000 to $3,000.", "The Child Welfare Information Gateway, a U.S. government-funded adoption information service, estimates that the average U.S. adoption costs $8,000 to $40,000. If you're adopting a child from another country, the range is $15,000 to $30,000. ", "Costs for an adoption vary widely from $0 to $50,000 depending on the type of adoption pursued. It generally costs from $0 to $1,000 to adopt a child from a County Foster/Adopt program. These children are often older, but sometimes infants are placed. A voluntary adoption of a newborn through a non-profit agency will generally cost between $10,000 and $25,000. Attorney adoptions of newborns generally run from $20,000 to $30,000.", "1 The majority of domestic newborn adoptions cost between $20,000 and $40,000, while a strong majority of international adoptions cost more than $35,000. 2 U.S. foster adoption is the least expensive adoption route, by a significant margin. 3 69% of survey respondents reported less than $1,000 in expenses. How much does adoption cost? The average cost, as reported in the latest Adoptive Families magazine adoption cost survey (2012-2013), was around $30,000 (before the federal tax credit and employee adoption benefits).", "Highlights of the adoption cost survey: 1 The majority of domestic newborn adoptions cost between $20,000 and $40,000, while a strong majority of international adoptions cost more than $35,000. 2 U.S. foster adoption is the least expensive adoption route, by a significant margin. How much does adoption cost? The average cost, as reported in the latest Adoptive Families magazine adoption cost survey (2012-2013), was around $30,000 (before the federal tax credit and employee adoption benefits).", "1 Step-parent or relative adoptions incur minimal cost, usually just court paperwork filing fees of roughly $100. 2 A fact sheet from the Child Welfare Information Gateway says costs for agency and private adoptions average between $10,000 and $15,000. 1 In cases of foster care adoptions, this is paid for by the state or local public agency. 2 For private agency adoptions, the prospective parents pay for a social worker to conduct the home study, at an average cost $1,000 to $3,000." ], "url": [ "http://children.costhelper.com/adoption.html", "http://adoption.com/wiki/Adoption_Costs", "http://children.costhelper.com/adoption.html", "http://children.costhelper.com/adoption.html", "http://money.usnews.com/money/personal-finance/articles/2014/10/02/the-cost-of-adoption", "http://www.adoptionhelp.org/qa/how-much-does-adoption-cost", "http://buildingyourfamily.com/adoption/how-much-does-adoption-cost/", "http://buildingyourfamily.com/adoption/how-much-does-adoption-cost/", "http://children.costhelper.com/adoption.html" ] }

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[ "Pegasus Valley Pygmy Goat" ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "Goats are herd animals, so should not be kept as solitary animals. A pair (or more) of goats will make a good addition to the right family. A decent amount of space (yard/pasture) will be necessary, depending on the breed and number of goats, so they are best suited for rural areas on farms or acreages. 1 Keeping Goats as Pets by Gary Pfalzbot-an excellent description of what to expect if you decide on a pet goat. 2 Pet Goats by Cleon V. Kimberling, D.V.M-a good summary of the characteristics and needs of goats, from basic care and feeding to health care.", "Pegasus Valley Pygmy Goats as PetsDue to their small size, pygmy goats are often kept as pets rather than for meat or milk production. There are many reasons why pygmies make good pets:1. CLEANLINESS: Because their diet contains no meat, goat “droppings” do not have the unpleasant odor that other pets’ manure has. Goat droppings are small pellets that can easily be raked or swept and disposed of or used as fertilizer for your garden or flower box. SPACE REQUIREMENTS: A single pygmy goat kept as a pet needs relatively little space. A nice backyard is more than sufficient for a little goat. Goats are browsers rather than grazers and do not decimate your lawn; they prefer to pick the tasty clover, dandelions or broadleaf weeds and let the nice green grass grow.", "If possible it is always best to visit the breeder so you can see in what sort of conditions their goats are kept. Most importantly, you will want to think about whether you can meet the needs of a goat and whether goats will meet your expectations as a pet a goat before committing to goats as pets. 1 Keeping Goats as Pets by Gary Pfalzbot-an excellent description of what to expect if you decide on a pet goat. 2 Pet Goats by Cleon V. Kimberling, D.V.M-a good summary of the characteristics and needs of goats, from basic care and feeding to health care.", "Goats as pets. Always contact a vet if you are concerned about the health and welfare of your goats. Owning goats is a big commitment and can be very time-consuming and expensive. Before getting any goats it’s important you consider if you have the time, resources, commitment, knowledge and facilities to care for them. 1 Breeding of goats should only be attempted by experienced owners. 2 If bred, goats will often produce twins, triplets or even quads. 3 Owners must take responsibility for the welfare of the offspring, including organising the humane and legal euthanasia of any kids that cannot be kept or rehomed.", "Alpines and LaManchas both produce fairly rich milk, Toggenburgs produce thinner milk, and Nigerian Pygmy goats produce small quantities of creamy milk. Angora goats can be raised for their mohair, Cashmere goats for their luxurious fiber, and Pygmy and dwarf goats are often kept as pets. Boer, Spanish and Kiko goats are meat breeds. For details on choosing a goat breed, see “Get Your Goat” in the November/December 2008 Grit (www.Grit.com/Animals/Get-Your-Goat.aspx). Treating the goats as pets is made fun with a goat jungle gym. Raising goats can be fun, rewarding and frustrating – all at the same time. My first goat, Zygota, was a hellion. Milking was a battle where she performed a flamenco dance, often stomping her foot (triumphantly, it seemed) in the milk pail.", "1 Wethers, or neutered male goats, are typically cheaper, often sold for around $100. 2 Bucks, unneutered males, are next in price, typically between $150 and $250. 3 Does, or female goats, range from $250 to $300. 4 Wethers or does make the easiest pets. ", "If you are looking for the kind of pet that you can housetrain or litterbox train, well, from my experience, a goat won't be that kind of pet as well. A goat as a pet primarily means that you are willing to let it be the type of animal it is. An hour later they are back at it again. So to have an outdoor pet of this type, you must be willing and able to provide the proper food and nutrition at all times for your goat just as you would any other pet. And the water is important as well. Never deprive a goat of water.", "The pygmy goat in this country is kept as a pet and not as a utility animal. It is the ideal pet for those who want to keep goats but do not want the bother of milking every day. ", "This is a list of goat breeds. There are many recognized breeds of domestic goat (Capra aegagrus hircus) . Goat breeds (especially dairy goats) are some of the oldest defined animal breeds for which breed standards and production records have been kept. ", "Castrated males are wethers. Goat meat from younger animals is called kid or cabrito (Spanish), and from older animals is simply known as goat or sometimes called chevon (French), or in some areas mutton (which more often refers to adult sheep meat)." ], "url": [ "http://exoticpets.about.com/cs/goats/a/goatsaspets.htm", "http://pegasusvalley.net/PygmyGoatPet.html", "http://exoticpets.about.com/cs/goats/a/goatsaspets.htm", "http://www.rspca.org.uk/adviceandwelfare/farm/farmanimals/goats", "http://www.grit.com/animals/raising-goats-for-fun-and-profit.aspx", "http://pets.costhelper.com/goat.html", "http://www.goatworld.com/articles/goatsaspets/goatsaspets.shtml", "http://www.pygmygoat.co.uk/goatinformation.htm", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_goat_breeds", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Goat" ] }

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[ "$120 per year." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "Amazon on Friday announced Kindle Unlimited, a new all-you-can read e-book service allows customers to read as many titles as they want for $9.99 per month. Kindle Unlimited has a library of over 600,000 books, including well-known titles like Harry Potter and Life of Pi. Let’s break down the math to see whether you plow through enough books regularly to justify the cost. At $9.99 per month, Kindle Unlimited costs about $120 per year. E-books on Amazon can vary wildly in price, from $0.99 to hundreds of dollars. During 2013, e-books on the Digital Book World best-sellers’ list mostly sold for between $7 and $8 on average (the price in the most recent recorded week in 2014 was $7.52)", "Report Abuse. Many readers think that Kindle books should cost $10. That is about what most would be willing to pay. Publishers and authors object that it costs much more than paper and ink to publish a book. Currently, hard copy books cost $25-35. If you can get hard copy books you want at Costco, BJ's, and Walmart, they are $15-20. ", "On Friday, Amazon AMZN, -0.91% announced that it is launching Kindle Unlimited, which will allow customers to access more than 600,000 e-books and 2,000 audiobooks. You can read or listen to these titles on any Kindle or using the Kindle app on your phone or tablet--all for $9.99 a month. ", "Amazon rolls out $9.99 Kindle Unlimited monthly subscription. The new service offers more than 600,000 Kindle e-books and thousands of Audible audiobooks for $9.99 a month. by Lance Whitney @lancewhit /. Kindle Unlimited puts Amazon in a better position to compete with other e-book subscription services, such as Oyster and Scribd. Oyster costs $9.95 a month, while Scribd charges $8.99 a month. Amazon likely unveiled the new subscription service at this point to draw in buyers to its upcoming Fire smartphone.", "1 The one unavoidable extra cost of the Kindle or Kindle DX is the cost of purchasing books for download. 2 Downloading a book costs an average of $10, although some can be as expensive as $30. 3 Also available to Kindle users are subscriptions to newspapers, magazines, etc. 1 This Kindle has wi-fi capabilities, but does not have 3G wireless connection. 2 The Kindle 2nd Generation, also with a 6-inch reading area, will cost around $189. 3 This version of the Kindle has both wi-fi and 3G wireless connections.", "Amazon has unveiled a new subscription service dubbed Kindle Unlimited that offers all-you-can-eat e-books and audiobooks for $9.99 per month. Kindle Unlimited puts Amazon in a better position to compete with other e-book subscription services, such as Oyster and Scribd. Oyster costs $9.95 a month, while Scribd charges $8.99 a month. Amazon likely unveiled the new subscription service at this point to draw in buyers to its upcoming Fire smartphone.", "1 Also available to Kindle users are subscriptions to newspapers, magazines, etc. 2 These can cost anywhere from $5-$15 per month depending on the frequency of the issue and the popularity of the title. 3 There are many cases designed not only for looks but also for protection. 4 These can be found at the Kindle Store. 1 This Kindle has wi-fi capabilities, but does not have 3G wireless connection. 2 The Kindle 2nd Generation, also with a 6-inch reading area, will cost around $189. 3 This version of the Kindle has both wi-fi and 3G wireless connections." ], "url": [ "http://time.com/3006110/amazon-kindle-unlimited-value/", "https://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20090521175219AAQa1TP", "http://www.marketwatch.com/story/is-amazons-kindle-unlimited-worth-the-price-2014-07-18", "http://www.cnet.com/news/amazon-confirms-kindle-unlimited-subscription-service/", "http://www.howmuchisit.org/how-much-does-a-kindle-cost/", "http://www.cnet.com/news/amazon-confirms-kindle-unlimited-subscription-service/", "http://www.howmuchisit.org/how-much-does-a-kindle-cost/" ] }

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[ "There is a total of 43 accredited universities in Australia comprising 40 Australian universities, two international universities, and a smaller private speciality university." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "There are 43 universities in Australia: 40 public universities, two international universities, and one private university. The Commonwealth Higher Education Support Act 2003 sets out three groups of Australian higher education providers: Universities, other self-accrediting higher education institutions, and state and territory accredited higher education institutions.", "Universities in Melbourne again include two Go8 institutions, the University of Melbourne (ranked 36th in the world) and Monash University (61), as well as the Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology (246), La Trobe University (375), Deakin University (401-450) and Swinburne University of Technology (451-500). ", "There are thousands of colleges in Australia. Many colleges among them are top colleges/universities of the world. Here I am giving the information about the top colleges of Australia instead of listing all of them. ", "List 1 - Australian universities by state and city. The first list groups universities by state and territory. For each university, the base city and number of university-level students in 2012 are also detailed. For presentation purposes, just the main state and city for each university are shown. List 4 - Australian universities by distance education numbers. To show Australia's biggest online course providers, universities are listed by the number (and percentage) of students who study by distance education.", "There is a total of 43 accredited universities in Australia comprising 40 Australian universities, two international universities, and a smaller private speciality university. Higher education courses and qualifications are also offered by many non-university providers in the higher education sector. Search for a university by city or state from the Universities Australia page. Search for university rankings and ratings at the University Rankings page. Search the Australian university and college course guide at the University Courses page", "as my interests are far and wide. There are 39 universities in Australia. They are listed at the related links below. These lists do not include some higher education Colleges, such as Christian Heritage College in Queensland, or Australian Lutheran College in South Australia. ", "Each year, many new international students enrol in Australian courses and add to the already significant international student body around the country. In 2013, 526,932 international students were enrolled in education programs in Australia. ", "1 Some of the Group of Eight are the oldest and prestigious public universities in Australia and include the Universities of Queensland, Sydney, Melbourne, New South Wales, Adelaide and Western Australia together with the Australian National University and Monash University. ", "For all undergraduate and postgraduate students, check with the Australian universities you are interested in, as many offer scholarships open to both domestic and international students at both levels. For more funding opportunities, visit our list of scholarships to study in Australia. Students’ cost of living in Australia. Although HSBC calculates the average cost of living in Australia to be AU$18,012 (US$14,100) per year, the Australian government’s Department of Immigration and Border Protection (DIPB) puts a much more specific figure on the costs for international students." ], "url": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_universities_in_Australia", "http://www.topuniversities.com/where-to-study/oceania/australia/guide", "http://studychacha.com/discuss/186478-how-many-colleges-australia.html", "http://australianuniversities.co/lists.html", "http://www.australianuniversities.com.au/list/", "http://www.answers.com/Q/How_many_universities_are_there_in_Australia", "http://www.studiesinaustralia.com/studying-in-australia/why-study-in-australia/international-students-in-australia", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Public_university", "http://www.topuniversities.com/student-info/student-finance/how-much-does-it-cost-study-australia" ] }

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[ "Nakoa Trail is a 2.5 mile loop that traverses the mid-elevation rainforest of Kahana Valley." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "Learn from the best. Hands down. We are a collaborative team of elite coaches, personal trainers and physical therapists who specialize in active lifestyle fitness, performance training, injury prevention, personal training and physical therapy. We create customized programs to fit each and every individual and their specific needs and goals.", "Licensing, Bonding or Registration. This business is in an industry that may require professional licensing, bonding or registration. BBB encourages you to check with the appropriate agency to be certain any requirements are currently being met. ", "You know her as Lisa Bonet from The Cosby Show, and Lilakoi Moon (Bonet changed her name in 1995) has given birth to her third child: Nakoa-Wolf Manakauapo Namakaeha Momoa. The name was always going to be Nakoa-Wolf, but Jason did the research on first middle name, 2nd middle name as you know is Jason's. Bonet can currently be seen on ABC's Life on Mars..", "You have a vivid imagination who can bring inspired messages to the world. You like to enjoy the pleasures of life, and when self is overcome, you can rise to the heights. You have an ability to avoid trouble-that is why you often fails to learn from experiences. ", "Biography. MATT NAKOA grew up on a small goat farm in Central New York and began composing music as a teenager. Following a formative stint as a concert pianist, he won scholarship to attend Berklee College of Music. ", "Lilakoi, 41, has a daughter Zoe, 20, with ex-husband Lenny Kravitz and a daughter Lola, 20 months, with boyfriend Jason Momoa of Stargate: Atlantis fame. According to his website, Bonet delivered a son named Nakoa-Wolf Manakauapo Namakaeha Momoa. From the fan forum on his official site. The name was always going to be Nakoa-Wolf, but Jason did the research on first middle name, 2nd middle name as you know is Jason's. Bonet can currently be seen on ABC's Life on Mars..", "Description. Nakoa Trail is a 2.5 mile loop that traverses the mid-elevation rainforest of Kahana Valley. Named after the native koa tree, the trail meanders through a mixed forest of native plants such as koa, hala (pandanus), and ferns, as well as exotic species such as ink berry, guava and octopus trees. ", "NAKOA NUTRITION. NAKOA Nutrition…. Healthy from the inside out. Nutrition at NAKOA is a vital component of a healthy lifestyle and a foundational pillar of an active lifestyle and elite performance. NAKOA’s nutrition program offers nutritional education & coaching to help you navigate what’s true about food, hydration, cleansing and supplementation.", "[ syll. na-koa, nak-oa ] The baby boy name Nakoa is pronounced as NaaK OW AH †. Nakoa's language of origin is Hawaiian and it is also used largely in the Hawaiian language. The meaning of the name is 'brave'. Nakoa is unusual as a baby boy name. It is not ranked within the top 1000" ], "url": [ "http://nakoafit.com/", "http://www.bbb.org/hawaii/business-reviews/contractors-general/nakoa-companies-inc-the-in-honolulu-hi-36000239", "http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2009/01/08/lisa-bonets-new-baby-nako_n_156226.html", "http://www.sevenreflections.com/name/Nakoa/", "https://www.sonicbids.com/band/mattnakoa/", "http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2009/01/08/lisa-bonets-new-baby-nako_n_156226.html", "http://dlnr.hawaii.gov/dsp/hiking/oahu/nakoa-trail/", "http://nakoafit.com/services/nutrition/", "http://www.babynamespedia.com/meaning/Nakoa" ] }

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[ "swollen and bleeding gums" ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "Gum swelling results from excess fluid (edema) in the soft tissues of the gums and may be accompanied by redness, pain, sores, ulcers and bleeding. Poor oral hygiene, resulting in inflammation or infection, is the most common cause of swollen gums. Depending on the cause, swollen gums may be present in only a small part of a gum (sore or ulcer), or at the gum line (gingivitis and periodontitis). Other conditions may produce swelling in the entire area of the gums.", "There are a variety of causes for inflamed gums, from some minor trauma and irritation to serious gum diseases. Gum inflammation may make the gums prone to bleeding and very tender. Gum inflammation usually is mostly the result the lack of appropriate oral hygiene. Listed here will be a few causes that are important, symptoms and signs as well as some easy options for treatment as well as home remedies for the inflammation of the gums.", "In many instances, swollen and bleeding gums are a sign of gum disease. However, there are a number of other things that could be causing your gum problems. Whatever the cause of sore, painful gums, there are steps you can take to minimize gum damage and discomfort. These bacteria may cause your gums to become inflamed, which results in red, swollen, or bleeding gums. For many people with gingivitis, this inflammation is not painful. If you catch gingivitis early, it can be reversed and healed with proper oral hygiene.", "Painful, sore, red gums can be a symptom of gingivitis (inflammation of the gums) or, more likely, periodontitis (inflammation of the attachment fibers of the teeth and supporting bone), which can arise due to a number of different causes. Inflammation of the gums may manifest as. 1 pain, 2 sensitivity, 3 redness, ", "The bacteria cause inflammation of the gums that is called “gingivitis.” In gingivitis, the gums become red, swollen and can bleed easily. Gingivitis is a mild form of gum disease that can usually be reversed with daily brushing and flossing, and regular cleaning by a dentist or dental hygienist. ", "Swollen, inflamed gums can be a serious cause of discomfort. While there are numerous possible causes of inflamed gums, a common cause is gum disease. Other causes include irritation from braces or other dental hardware or canker sores. Inflamed gums can cause significant discomfort; eating and drinking are often very painful when your gums are inflamed. 1 One of the most common signs of gum disease is inflamed gums that may bleed when you brush or floss. 2 While gingivitis isn’t serious, the disease and your inflamed gums should be treated to avoid the progression of the disease.", "The bacteria cause inflammation of the gums that is called “gingivitis.” In gingivitis, the gums become red, swollen and can bleed easily. Gingivitis is a mild form of gum disease that can usually be reversed with daily brushing and flossing, and regular cleaning by a dentist or dental hygienist. ", "1 Although you may find ways to soothe the pain at home, if your swollen gums persist, it is imperative that you see a dentist. 2 The oral disease that is potentially behind your gum inflammation can cause serious damage to your gums and teeth. 3 Be wary of very hot or very cold food and beverages. Gum swelling is caused by any number of factors. Individuals with swollen gums may be suffering from gum disease, irritation from food or drink, tooth decay, insufficient nutrition, or other oral issues.", "Gingivitis. Gingivitis is the most common cause of swollen gums. It is a gum disease that causes your gums to become irritated and swollen. Many people have gingivitis and don’t know it because the symptoms can be quite mild. Infection. Infections caused by fungi and viruses can potentially cause swollen gums. If you have herpes, it could lead to a condition called acute herpetic gingivostomatitis, which causes swollen gums. Thrush, which is the result of an overgrowth of naturally occurring yeast in the mouth, can also cause gum swelling." ], "url": [ "http://www.healthgrades.com/symptoms/swollen-gums", "http://byebyedoctor.com/inflamed-gums/", "http://www.webmd.com/oral-health/guide/gum-problem-basics-sore-swollen-and-bleeding-gums", "http://www.medicinenet.com/painful_gums/symptoms.htm", "http://www.nidcr.nih.gov/OralHealth/Topics/GumDiseases/Periodontal(Gum)DiseaseCausesSymptomsandTreatments_mobile.htm", "http://crest.com/en-us/oral-care-topics/gum-disease/taking-care-of-inflamed-gums", "http://www.nidcr.nih.gov/OralHealth/Topics/GumDiseases/PeriodontalGumDisease.htm", "http://www.wikihow.com/Reduce-Gum-Swelling", "http://www.healthline.com/symptom/swollen-gums" ] }

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[ "$9,139 for state residents at public colleges, and $22,958 for out-of-state residents attending public universities." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "Colleges often report a combined tuition and fees figure. According to the College Board, the average cost of tuition and fees for the 2014–2015 school year was $31,231 at private colleges, $9,139 for state residents at public colleges, and $22,958 for out-of-state residents attending public universities. Housing and Meals. The cost of room and board depends on the campus housing and food plans you choose. The College Board reports that the average cost of room and board in 2014–2015 ranged from $9,804 at four-year public schools to $11,188 at private schools. Colleges also provide room and board estimates for living off campus based on typical student cost", "Money can only buy happiness up to a point. But just how much you need to get to that threshold really depends on where you live, according to a new analysis by Doug Short, vice president of research at investment group Advisor Perspectives. ", "You might need less. But let’s get to the interesting part. Fidelity Investments reports that the average person in their system with both a 401k and an IRA plan has a balance of $212,600. By retirement age (65-69) the number is $359,000. This rule-of-thumb “how much do I need to retire” number assumes that you have no pension and that Social Security ceases to exist, and that you need to replicate the purchasing power of a $100,000 income at a rate of 100 percent.", "Every year, NUS estimates how much a full-time higher education undergraduate in England spends on average in an academic year (a standard 39 week period). These estimates are based on research such as the government’s Student Income and Expenditure Survey, and the NUS/Unipol Accommodation Costs Survey. Potential income from loans and funding each academic year is up to £20,879 for London (our ‘average’ student gets £17,450) and £18,497 for the rest of England (our ‘average’ student gets £14,370). This is made up made up of:", "If you have not yet paid for your accommodation, then you will need to have access to more money when you arrive. If you're looking for accommodation in the private sector, you will usually need to pay a deposit and one month's rent in advance, and so you might need to bring £1,000 with you. So it's important to bring enough money with you for the your first few weeks in the UK. The amount of money you will need to bring may depend on whether or not you have already paid for your accommodation.", "Tuition fees depend on the program you choose, the school you plan to attend and the province or territory where you will study. However, in 2013 and 2014, the average cost of a year’s tuition at a Canadian university was $5,772 1. A college program may cost less but it will depend on the program you choose to study. If not, look at tuition costs for a few different programs to make a reasonable estimate. 1. http://www.statcan.gc.ca/tables-tableaux/sum-som/l01/cst01/educ50a-eng.htm. For many undergraduate university programs, $800 to $1,000 per year is a reasonable range for planning for the cost of books and other materials. For college programs, costs are often a little lower. However, keep in mind that costs can vary a lot, depending", "Please note that these are approximate guidelines only and not a precise estimate of how much you will need to spend. The International Student Calculator | may also help you plan and manage your money and to see how other students have budgeted for life at university in the UK. Rent. So it's important to bring enough money with you for the your first few weeks in the UK. The amount of money you will need to bring may depend on whether or not you have already paid for your accommodation." ], "url": [ "http://www.collegedata.com/cs/content/content_payarticle_tmpl.jhtml?articleId=10064", "http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2014/07/17/map-happiness-benchmark_n_5592194.html", "http://www.marketriders.com/investing/how-much-do-i-need-to-retire-heres-the-scoop/", "http://www.nus.org.uk/en/advice/money-and-funding/average-costs-of-living-and-study/", "http://www.dmu.ac.uk/dmu-students/international-student-support/living-in-the-uk/how-much-money-will-i-need.aspx", "http://www.fcac-acfc.gc.ca/Eng/forConsumers/lifeEvents/payingPostSecEd/Pages/Budgetfo-Unbudget.aspx", "http://www.dmu.ac.uk/dmu-students/international-student-support/living-in-the-uk/how-much-money-will-i-need.aspx" ] }

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[ "It is one of Excel's built-in functions. The function is used when you want to find a value in the left-hand column of a vertical array of data, and return the corresponding value from another column in the same array." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "VLOOKUP is one of Excel’s most useful functions, and it’s also one of the least understood. In this article, we demystify VLOOKUP by way of a real-life example. We’ll create a usable Invoice Template for a fictitious company. ", "HLOOKUP is the exact same function, but looks up data that has been formatted by rows instead of columns. The format of the VLOOKUP function is: VLOOKUP(lookup_value,table_array,col_index_num,range_lookup). The lookup_value is the user input. This is the value that the function uses to search on. ", "Vlookup is one of Excel's built-in functions. The function is used when you want to find a value in the left-hand column of a vertical array of data, and return the corresponding value from another column in the same array. This best explained through an example. The Vlookup function can also be used to return a. match to the lookup value if an exact match is not found. An example of this is given in part 4 of this tutorial: Vlookup Example of Finding the Closest Match.", "Office Excel 2007 contains a number of search functions to address this need. The VLOOKUP function enables you to search for a value in the first column of a table array, and if a match is found, then return a value from another column in this same row. ", "1. Know when to use Vlookup. Vlookup is a function in Excel that allows you to type the value of one cell to look up the value of a corresponding cell in the same row. 1 Use it to look up information from a large spreadsheet or if you have to find repetitive information.", "Learn how to sort data in a table alphabetically or numerically. VLOOKUP is a member of the lookup and reference functions, which includes the HLOOKUP function. Use the CLEAN function or the TRIM function to remove leading spaces in table values. Learn more about errors in worksheets, like #N/A, #REF, and the rest. ", "The syntax for the VLOOKUP function is: = VLOOKUP (lookup_value, Table_array, Col_index_num, Range_lookup). Lookup _value - (required) the value you want to find in the first column of the Table_array. ", "Microsoft Excel lookup is a Microsoft Excel function that searches for values in a column or row of a spreadsheet list or table. The V in VLOOKUP stands for vertical (column) while the H in HLOOKUP stands for horizontal (row). " ], "url": [ "http://www.howtogeek.com/howto/13780/using-vlookup-in-excel/", "https://kb.wisc.edu/page.php?id=1237", "http://www.excelfunctions.net/What-Is-Vlookup.html", "https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/dd797422(v=office.12).aspx", "http://www.wikihow.com/Use-Vlookup-With-an-Excel-Spreadsheet", "https://support.office.com/en-us/article/VLOOKUP-function-0BBC8083-26FE-4963-8AB8-93A18AD188A1", "http://spreadsheets.about.com/od/excelfunctions/ss/vlookup.htm", "http://www.computerhope.com/jargon/l/lookup.htm" ] }

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[ "Skeleton, eyes, heart and blood vessels, nervous system, skin, and lungs." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "In Marfan syndrome, the connective tissue is defective and does not act as it should. Because connective tissue is found throughout the body, Marfan syndrome can affect many body systems, including the skeleton, eyes, heart and blood vessels, nervous system, skin, and lungs. Marfan syndrome affects men, women, and children, and has been found among people of all races and ethnic backgrounds.", "General Discussion. Marfan syndrome is a genetic disorder that affects connective tissue, which is the material between cells of the body that gives the tissues form and strength. Connective tissue is found all over the body and multiple organ systems may be affected in individuals with Marfan syndrome.", "Because connective tissue is found throughout the body, Marfan syndrome can affect many body systems, including the skeleton, eyes, heart and blood vessels, nervous system, skin, and lungs.", "Because connective tissue is found throughout the body, Marfan syndrome and related disorders can affect many parts of the body, including the heart and blood vessels, bones and joints, eyes, skin, and lungs. Below is a short summary of Marfan syndrome features.", "Because connective tissue is found throughout the body, patients with Marfan syndrome have problems with a number of systems including bones, joints, eyes, heart, blood vessels, nervous system, skin, and lungs. Marfan syndrome affects both sexes and all ethnic groups. However, it is relatively rare.", "Marfan syndrome is a disorder of connective tissue. This is the tissue that strengthens the body's structures. Disorders of connective tissue affect the skeletal system, cardiovascular system, eyes, and skin." ], "url": [ "http://www.niams.nih.gov/Health_Info/Marfan_Syndrome/default.asp", "http://rarediseases.org/rare-diseases/marfan-syndrome/", "http://www.medicinenet.com/marfan_syndrome/article.htm", "http://www.marfan.org/about/body-systems", "http://www.aapos.org/terms/conditions/68", "https://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/000418.htm" ] }

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[ "The average newborn is 19.5 inches long and weighs 7.25 pounds." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "Charts below are derived from the guidelines and growth charts provided by Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and World Health Organization (WHO) and they will focus on providing an average weight range as well as normal range of height and weight for kids in different age groups, both girls and boys. ", "Maternal and Child Health nurses use percentile charts from the World Health Organisation for children between 0 and 24 months of age, which measure: 1 Boys: weight for age and length. 2 Girls: weight for age and length. 3 Boys and girls head circumference. BMI is calculated using height and height measurements, then used to compare a child’s weight relative to height with other children of the same age and gender, using BMI percentile charts. The following equation can be used to determine BMI: BMI = Weight (kg) / height (m) Height (m).", "BACKGROUND The need for a public health agenda to promote healthy weight and development in early childhood emerged as a top priority from Oregon’s Maternal and Child Health (MCH) leadership retreat in 2010. KEY FACTS * Many children are already carrying too much weight at a very young age. In Oregon, nearly 15 percent of children aged 2–5 years who participate in the Women, Infants and Children (WIC) Program are obese. * Children who are overweight or obese are at risk of becoming overweight or obese adults.", "BMI-for-age charts are recommended to assess weight in relation to stature for children ages 2 to 20 years. The weight-for-stature charts are available as an alternative to accommodate children ages 2-5 years who are not evaluated beyond the preschool years. The clinical charts for infants and older children were published in two sets. 1 Set 1 contains 10 charts (5 for boys and 5 for girls), with the 5th, 10th, 25th, 50th, 75th, 90th, and 95th smoothed percentile lines for all charts, and the 85th percentile for BMI-for-age and weight-for-stature.", "Your child's growth is tracked on a development chart from the moment he is born. Measurements of his length, weight and head circumference are taken in the first minutes of life and these measurements are then put onto his own development chart to begin mapping his growth and development. A child in the 80th percentile for weight or length is heavier or taller than 80% of other kids of the same age and sex-both children, though, fall comfortably within the 'normal' range. Having a child high or low in the percentile bands doesn't indicate that he is more or less healthy than other children.", "Growth charts 2 to 18 years. Maternal and Child Health nurses use percentile charts from the Centre for Disease Control for children between 2 and 18 years of age, which measure height, weight and Body Mass Index (BMI). BMI is calculated using height and height measurements, then used to compare a child’s weight relative to height with other children of the same age and gender, using BMI percentile charts. The following equation can be used to determine BMI: BMI = Weight (kg) / height (m) Height (m).", "Birth. The average newborn is 19.5 inches long and weighs 7.25 pounds. Boys have a head circumference of about 13.5 inches and girls measure in at 13.3 inches, according to the National Center for Health Statistics. 1 Baby Growth Charts: Calculate Height and Weight. 2 Charting Baby's Development. ", "Conclusions: After controlling for the influence of maternal, environmental, and genetic factors, low birth weight has at most a small negative effect on children's mental and motor development in their first 2 years of life. We estimate the effects of VLBW and MLBW on children's mental and motor development scores, weight-for-age, weight-for-length, weight-for-height, and length-for-age z-scores at 9 months and 2 years. We examine whether differences in outcomes within", "WHO Child Growth Standards: Length/height-for-age, weight-for-age, weight-for-length, weight-for-height and body mass index-for-age: Methods and development. Geneva: World Health Organization, 2006 (312 pages). 1 Download complete documentpdf, 27.30Mb. 2 Cover pagepdf, 101kb. " ], "url": [ "http://www.md-health.com/Weight-Chart-For-Kids.html", "http://www.education.vic.gov.au/childhood/parents/mch/Pages/charts.aspx", "http://public.health.oregon.gov/HealthyPeopleFamilies/Children/PromotingHealthyWeight/Documents/childhood-obesity.pdf", "http://www.cdc.gov/growthcharts/clinical_charts.htm", "http://www.kidspot.com.au/familyhealth/Development-Babys-first-year-Height-and-growth-Whats-normal-and-whats-not+3300+212+article.htm", "http://www.education.vic.gov.au/childhood/parents/mch/Pages/charts.aspx", "http://www.parents.com/toddlers-preschoolers/development/physical/age-by-age-growth-chart-for-children/", "http://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/712474", "http://www.who.int/entity/childgrowth/standards/technical_report/en/" ] }

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[ "A public limited company (legally abbreviated to plc) is a type of public company (publicly held company) under United Kingdom company law, some Commonwealth jurisdictions, and the Republic of Ireland." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "It is a limited (liability) company whose shares may be freely sold and traded to the public (although a plc may also be privately held, often by another plc), with a minimum share capital of £50,000 and the letters PLC after its name. Similar companies in the United States are called publicly traded companies. A PLC can be either an unlisted or listed company on the stock exchanges. In the United Kingdom, a public limited company usually must include the words public limited company or the abbreviation PLC or plc at the end and as part of the legal company name.", "A public limited company (legally abbreviated to plc) is a type of public company (publicly held company) under United Kingdom company law, some Commonwealth jurisdictions, and the Republic of Ireland. A PLC can be either an unlisted or listed company on the stock exchanges. In the United Kingdom, a public limited company usually must include the words public limited company or the abbreviation PLC or plc at the end and as part of the legal company name.", "A company whose securities are traded on a stock exchange and can be bought and sold by anyone. Public companies are strictly regulated, and are required by law to publish their complete and true financial position so that investors can determine the true worth of its stock (shares). Also called publicly held company. Public limited company and its abbreviation Plc are commonly used in the UK in the way that corporation and Inc. is used in the United States.", "The standard legal designation of a company which has offered shares to the general public and has limited liability. A Public Limited Company's stock can be acquired by anyone and holders are only limited to potentially lose the amount paid for the shares. It is a legal form more commonly used in the U.K. Two or more people are required to form such a company, assuming it has a lawful purpose. BREAKING DOWN 'Public Limited Company-PLC'. A limited company grants limited liability to its owners and management. Being a public company allows a firm to sell shares to investors this is benificial in raising capital. Only Public Limited Companies may be listed on the London Stock Exchange and will have the suffix PLC on their ticker symbol", "Ltd company is otherwise known as public limited company and pvt ltd company is a private limited company. Under public limited there are private sector company and public sector company. The difference between pvt ltd and public ltd company is in the no. of shareholders and transferability of shares. Pvt Ltd companies are the ones that cannot issue their shares to the public at large and the total number of shareholders in the company is limited to 20 (at least that's the way it was in 19743 when I started my company). There are no differences relating to compensation rules between public and pvt ltd companies.", "A public limited company can be publicly traded on a stock exchange; this is similar to the U.S. Corporation (Corp.) and the German Aktiengesellschaft (AG). In a limited company, the liability of members or subscribers of the company is limited to what they have invested or guaranteed to the company. Limited companies may be limited by shares or by guarantee. The former may be further divided into public companies and private companies. Who may become a member of a private limited company is restricted by law and by the company's rules", "Definition. A UK company that issues shares of publicly traded stock. Companies organized as a PLC are highly regulated but their management has limited liability in their operation. The PLC designation is similar to the Inc. or LLC designation that follows the name of companies incorporated in the U.S. " ], "url": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Public_limited_company", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Public_limited_company", "http://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/public-limited-company.html", "http://www.investopedia.com/terms/p/plc.asp", "http://www.citehr.com/50521-what-difference-among-ltd-pvt-ltd-public.html", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Limited_company", "http://www.investorwords.com/19324/public_limited_company_PLC.html" ] }

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[ "No" ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "As you can see from the definitions, a date is its “own” fruit, while a prune is really a plum. In fact, prunes are often called dried plums now, in an attempt to rid the food item of its negative, old-people connotations. Both dates and prunes: 1 Are sweet and chewy. 2 Are used in desserts or jams.", "Report Abuse. No, they're so sticky. The sugar in prunes and dates is really high. It's totally good raw unrefined sugar, you can eat 4lbs of dates and not get a sugar crash, but they will not unblock you down below. They're very filling and paste-like. The best thing for that differes person to person. ", "Relevance. Rating Newest Oldest. Best Answer: a date is a date a prune is a dried plum a sultana is a type of grape, and the dried fruit of that name is made from it... Sultanas are usually golden in colour (as they are made from a white grape variety) A raisin is a dried grape and is usually dark brown in colour. Source(s): ", "An alternative way of getting 'into' prunes is to buy fresh Italian plums--they are the closest available here to what gets dried into a prune and they are delicious. I love prunes, too--great for a pick up on the run. Figs are wonderful. I use dates in fruit salad when, say, the apples are too tart. ", "Report Abuse. They're both dried fruits, but not the same fruit. Dates come from a date tree, prunes are a type of dried plum. They are both high in fiber, and if you're sensitive to the preservatives sometimes used, they will both probably get things moving when you eat quite a few. I think prunes probably work a little better, raisins too, if you eat enough... Dates are soft, almost sticky and grow on the date palm. Prunes are simply dried plums. Both dates and plums are categorized as a fruit called drupe and both are said to help with constipation.", "Dates are fruit from certain palm trees, prunes are the dried fruit of plum trees, and figs are fruit from the fig tree. The genus Prunus (in which are the plums) comes from the Latin for plum. The two words are sort of interchangeable-but the undried fruit is usually a plum, and the dried fruit a prune (and nasty in my opinion). Exception: the South African Prune, which is no relation to the Prunus trees anyway.", "1.Prunes are dried plums while dates are fruits of the Date Palm. 2.The genus of plums is Prunus while the genus of dates is Phoenix. 3.A Prune tree is monoecious while a Date Palm is dioecious. 4.Prunes were originated in Asia while dates originated in the Middle East. The dried form of prunes is called “dried prunes.” In common usage, dried plums are also called prunes. Drying is a form of preservation which increases the life of the fruit. Prunes are sticky and have a crusty texture. Prunes taste sweet, and their meat is chewy. The pit or stone of prunes can be removed easily", "Best Answer: No, dates are different from prunes. Dates are soft, almost sticky and grow on the date palm. Prunes are simply dried plums. Both dates and plums are categorized as a fruit called drupe and both are said to help with constipation.", "This makes prunes a good laxative. They prevent constipation and are good for babies also. “Dried plum” is the latest name for prunes. There are a few cultivars used today. http://www.dreamstime.com/dry-plum-or-prune-fruit-thumb5597290.jpg. Dates. Dates are the fruit of the Date Palm. The dried form of prunes is called “dried prunes.” In common usage, dried plums are also called prunes. Drying is a form of preservation which increases the life of the fruit. Prunes are sticky and have a crusty texture. Prunes taste sweet, and their meat is chewy. The pit or stone of prunes can be removed easily" ], "url": [ "http://www.erinnudi.com/2014/07/09/difference-dates-prunes-quick-glance-figs/", "https://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20110601222637AAQH99i", "https://uk.answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20070313083545AASojUL", "http://www.sparkpeople.com/ma/Dates,-Figs,-Prunes---Mysterious-fruits?/7/1/20247877", "https://au.answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20070820174913AAOFvmV", "http://www.funtrivia.com/askft/Question64097.html", "http://www.differencebetween.net/object/comparisons-of-food-items/vegetables-fruits/difference-between-prunes-and-dates/", "https://au.answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20070820174913AAOFvmV", "http://www.differencebetween.net/object/comparisons-of-food-items/vegetables-fruits/difference-between-prunes-and-dates/" ] }

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[ "The role of magnesium is vital to plant growth and health.", "Magnesium (Mg) deficiency is a detrimental plant disorder that occurs most often in strongly acidic, light, sandy soils, where magnesium can be easily leached away." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "Magnesium Sulfate Treatment. Do not use magnesium sulfate for garden plant care unless symptoms of magnesium or sulfur deficiency are present. The addition of unneeded nutrients throws other nutrients out of balance and can cause deficiencies due to inability of plants to use specific nutrients available. Magnesium sulfate, known in most households as Epsom salts, is a combination of magnesium and sulfur, both nutrients beneficial for plant health. Magnesium is involved in photosynthesis, so deficiency of this nutrient affects leaf color. Sulfur activates plant enzyme systems.", "Confidence votes 176. Magnesium is part of the chlorophyll in all green plants and essential for photosynthesis. Magnesium is found in algal pigments (known as chlorophyll) and is used in the metabolism of plants, algae, fungi, and bacteria. Magnesium is found in many enzymes in both plants and animals. An enzyme is a catalyst in a living organism. Magnesium is an essential element in the chlorophyll molecule-therefore plants need it to survive. Magnesium sulfate is commonly used to replenish the magnesium content in … soil. 5 people found this useful.", "Magnesium is at the core of the chlorophyll molecule, and an essential ingredient for healthy plants, and the animals (including humans) that eat those plants. All living organisms depend on magnesium in all types of cells, body tissues and organs for a variety of functions. Magnesium is essential for photosynthesis, and helps activate plant enzymes needed for growth. Animals have a need for more magnesium than plants, so a plant magnesium deficiency often shows up first in the animals, especially those that graze or forage.", "Magnesium has an important role in photosynthesis because it forms the central atom of chlorophyll. Therefore, without sufficient amounts of magnesium, plants begin to degrade the chlorophyll in the old leaves. This causes the main symptom of magnesium deficiency, chlorosis, or yellowing between leaf veins, which stay green, giving the leaves a marbled appearance. Magnesium is an essential macro nutrient found from 0.2-0.4% dry matter and is necessary for normal plant growth. A plant with Magnesium deficiency. Excess potassium, generally due to fertilizers, further aggravates the stress from the magnesium deficiency, as does aluminium toxicity.", "Magnesium Deficiency in Plants. The role of magnesium is vital to plant growth and health. Magnesium deficiency in plants is common where soil is not rich in organic matter or is very light. Advertisement. Heavy rains can cause a deficiency to occur by leaching magnesium out of sandy or acidic soil. In short, magnesium is required to give leaves their green color. Magnesium in plants is located in the enzymes, in the heart of the chlorophyll molecule. Magnesium is also used by plants for the metabolism of carbohydrates and in the cell membrane stabilization.", "Magnesium (Mg) deficiency is a detrimental plant disorder that occurs most often in strongly acidic, light, sandy soils, where magnesium can be easily leached away. Magnesium is an essential macro nutrient found from 0.2-0.4% dry matter and is necessary for normal plant growth. A plant with Magnesium deficiency. Excess potassium, generally due to fertilizers, further aggravates the stress from the magnesium deficiency, as does aluminium toxicity.", "Magnesium is one of thirteen mineral nutrients that come from soil and when dissolved in water, is absorbed through the plant’s roots. Sometimes there are not enough mineral nutrients in soil and it is necessary to fertilize in order to replenish these elements and provide additional magnesium for plants. In short, magnesium is required to give leaves their green color. Magnesium in plants is located in the enzymes, in the heart of the chlorophyll molecule. Magnesium is also used by plants for the metabolism of carbohydrates and in the cell membrane stabilization.", "Yellowing of plant leaves and stunted growth indicate nutrient deficiencies. Magnesium sulfate, known in most households as Epsom salts, is a combination of magnesium and sulfur, both nutrients beneficial for plant health. Magnesium is involved in photosynthesis, so deficiency of this nutrient affects leaf color. Sulfur activates plant enzyme systems." ], "url": [ "http://homeguides.sfgate.com/magnesium-sulfate-plant-care-31320.html", "http://www.answers.com/Q/Why_is_magnesium_important_to_plants", "http://davesgarden.com/guides/articles/view/2350/", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnesium_deficiency_(plants)", "http://www.gardeningknowhow.com/garden-how-to/soil-fertilizers/fixing-magnesium-deficiency.htm", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnesium_deficiency_(plants)", "http://www.gardeningknowhow.com/garden-how-to/soil-fertilizers/fixing-magnesium-deficiency.htm", "http://homeguides.sfgate.com/magnesium-sulfate-plant-care-31320.html" ] }

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[ "It is a system of touch reading and writing for blind persons in which raised dots represent the letters of the alphabet." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "braille is a system of raised dots that can be read with the fingers by people who are blind or who have low vision teachers parents and others who are not visually impaired ordinarily read braille with their eyes braille is not a language", "when you first look at something written in braille all you see or feel is a jumble of dots however like any other code braille is based on a logical system once you understand it you ll be able to read and write braille easily", "the braille alphabet is based upon a cell that is composed of 6 dots arranged in two columns of 3 dots each each braille letter of the alphabet or other symbol such as a comma is formed by using one or more of the 6 dots that are contained in the braille cell", "what is braille braille is a system of raised dots arranged in cells any combination of one to six dots may be raised within each cell and the number and position of the raised dots within a cell conveys to the reader the letter word number or symbol the cell represents", "braille is a system of touch reading and writing for blind persons in which raised dots represent the letters of the alphabet braille also contains equivalents for punctuation marks and provides symbols to show letter groupings", "grade 1 braille in the first of the grades of braille grade 1 each possible arrangement of dots within a cell represents only one letter number punctuation sign or special braille composition sign it is a one to one conversion individual cells cannot represent words or abbreviations in this grade", "braille is a tactile system of raised dots that represent letters of the alphabet which can be used by persons with vision impairment in order to read braille a person gently glides their fingers over paper which has been embossed with braille code" ], "url": [ "http://www.afb.org/info/living-with-vision-loss/braille/what-is-braille/123", "http://braillebug.afb.org/Braille.asp", "http://www.visionaware.org/info/everyday-living/essential-skills/reading-and-writing/all-about-braille/1235", "http://www.acb.org/tennessee/braille.html", "http://acb.org/node/67", "http://www.acb.org/tennessee/braille.html", "http://www.disabled-world.com/assistivedevices/visual/braille.php" ] }

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[ "The Shellcracker or Redear is a species of sunfish or bream related to the bluegill." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "There is indeed such a fish—the redear sunfish. Also known as shellcracker or chinquapin perch, stumpknocker, or yellow bream, their scientific name is Lepomis microlophus. Lepomis is the Greek word for scaled gill cover, while microlophus is the Greek word for small nape..", "Redear sunfish, its habitats, characteristics, fishing methods. Redear sunfish are also known as shellcracker. They have a special set teeth in their throat that allows them to grind up snail shells. They are bigger than other sunfish, 7 to 10 inches in length, 1 to 2 pound weight. They have a distinct red coloring around its ear flap.", "Redear (Shellcracker). At Dunn's Fish Farm we know that your satisfaction is essential to our success. That's why we work hard to bring you the information you need to know to manage your pond or lake. The following article is a must read, and will give you the insight you need for your next pond management decision.", "The Shellcracker or Redear is a species of sunfish or bream related to the bluegill. This fish is adapted for feeding on snails and other mollusks, in addition to insect larvae. They coexist well with bluegill and do not compete with them for nest sites.", "3. When you locate a school of shellcracker it can be loads of fun. But, you'd better try and catch as many as you can as fast as you can, because these fish shut off as fast as anything that swims.", "Please try again later. Shellcracker fishing during the mid-summer months after the first shellcracker spawning rush has diminished... We hit a few beds...some bluegill beds and a few shellcracker beds that was too early to catch fish at a good pace. Finally we found the right bed and got the limit in no time." ], "url": [ "http://www.bassresource.com/fish_biology/redear-sunfish.html", "http://www.allfishingbuy.com/Fish-Species/Sunfish-Redear.htm", "http://www.dunnsfishfarm.com/redear.htm", "http://americansportfish.com/?option=com_content&view=article&id=38&Itemid=64", "http://articles.dailypress.com/1994-04-01/sports/9404010364_1_sunfish-redear-catch", "http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=J7cMSgFHaIk" ] }

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[ "Procyon is a genus of nocturnal mammals, comprising three species commonly known as raccoons, in the family Procyonidae." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "Life span: In the wild, a raccoon has a life expectancy of about 2 to 3 years, but in captivity a raccoon can live up to 20 years. Diet: The raccoon is an omnivorous and opportunistic eater, with its diet determined heavily by its environment. Size and Weight: The adult raccoon is a medium-sized mammal and the largest of the Procyonidae family. It averages 24 to 38 inches in length and can weigh between 14 to 23 lbs., or more, depending upon habitat and available food.", "Species: Procyon lotor. Size and Weight: The adult raccoon is a medium-sized mammal and the largest of the Procyonidae family. It averages 24 to 38 inches in length and can weigh between 14 to 23 lbs., or more, depending upon habitat and available food. The male raccoon, or boar, is slightly larger than the female, also referred to as sow", "The most characteristic physical feature of the raccoon is the area of black fur around the eyes, which contrasts sharply with the surrounding white face coloring. This is reminiscent of a bandit's mask and has thus enhanced the animal's reputation for mischief. The four smallest raccoon subspecies, with a typical weight of 1.8 to 2.7 kg (4.0 to 6.0 lb), are found along the southern coast of Florida and on the adjacent islands; an example is the Ten Thousand Island raccoon (Procyon lotor marinus).", "The raccoon is a medium sized bear-like mammal that was originally only found in North America. Due to the deliberate introduction of the raccoon into other countries, the common raccoon can also be found now in Europe and Japan. The average raccoon is around 70 cm from the raccoons nose to the tip of the raccoons tail. A fully grown raccoon can weigh up to 10kg and can live for up to 20 years in captivity.", "The raccoon (/rəˈkuːn/ or US /raeˈkuːn/ , Ræˈkuːn procyon), lotor sometimes spelled, racoon also known as the common, Raccoon North american, raccoon northern raccoon and colloquially as, coon is a-medium sized mammal native To North. america The four smallest raccoon subspecies, with a typical weight of 1.8 to 2.7 kg (4.0 to 6.0 lb), are found along the southern coast of Florida and on the adjacent islands; an example is the Ten Thousand Island raccoon (Procyon lotor marinus).", "Physical Characteristics of Raccoons. Though predominantly nocturnal, raccoons can roam during the day. Hemera Technologies/Photos.com/Getty Images. Raccoons are warm-blooded, nocturnal creatures found in parts of Canada, throughout the United States and even into areas of South America. They can live alongside humans in cities, suburbs and farmland, as well as farther away in forests and marshes. This resembles the masks criminals would wear to hide their identities. Another raccoon characteristic is his large, bushy tail. Depending on his size, a racoon's tail can feature four to 10 black rings. A raccoon's weight varies depending on the region. He can be slim in warmer climates at 4 pounds, or weigh 23 pounds in cooler regions, with up to 50 percent body fat", "Raccoons are noted for their intelligence, with studies showing that they are able to remember the solution to tasks for up to three years. The diet of the omnivorous raccoon, which is usually nocturnal, consists of about 40% invertebrates, 33% plant foods, and 27% vertebrates. The four smallest raccoon subspecies, with a typical weight of 1.8 to 2.7 kg (4.0 to 6.0 lb), are found along the southern coast of Florida and on the adjacent islands; an example is the Ten Thousand Island raccoon (Procyon lotor marinus).", "Procyon is a genus of nocturnal mammals, comprising three species commonly known as raccoons, in the family Procyonidae. The most familiar species, the common raccoon (P. lotor), is often known simply as the raccoon, as the two other raccoon species in the genus are native only to the tropics and less well known. ", "The original habitats of the raccoon are deciduous and mixed forests, but due to their adaptability they have extended their range to mountainous areas, coastal marshes, and urban areas, where some homeowners consider them to be pests. The four smallest raccoon subspecies, with a typical weight of 1.8 to 2.7 kg (4.0 to 6.0 lb), are found along the southern coast of Florida and on the adjacent islands; an example is the Ten Thousand Island raccoon (Procyon lotor marinus)." ], "url": [ "http://www.pbs.org/wnet/nature/raccoon-nation-raccoon-fact-sheet/7553/", "http://www.pbs.org/wnet/nature/raccoon-nation-raccoon-fact-sheet/7553/", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raccoon", "http://a-z-animals.com/animals/raccoon/", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raccoon", "http://animals.mom.me/physical-characteristics-raccoons-7995.html", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raccoon", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Procyon_(genus)", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raccoon" ] }

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[ "Yes" ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "Yes you can starch clothing with regular corn starch. In a large bowl or pot, stir 1/2 cup of corn starch into 1 cup of cold water. Stir in boiling water (2 quarts for a heavy solution; 4 quarts for medium and 6 quarts for a light solution). Dip the clothing into the starch solution and let dry. ", "Foods high in starch include legumes, such as beans and lentils, vegetables, such as potatoes and butternut squash, and grains, such as rice and flour. Whole foods containing starch, including vegetables, legumes and whole grains, are valuable sources of fiber, vitamins, minerals and antioxidants. How Starches Work. Carbohydrates are your body's primary fuel source. After you eat, your digestive system converts them into glucose, or blood sugar, which your body uses to energize your tissues, cells and organs. Whatever is leftover is stored in your liver and muscles for later use.", "Starch is a type of carbohydrate, found in a variety of foods. Learning which sources provide the most benefits may prompt you to make healthier food choices. Before making significant dietary changes, seek guidance from your doctor or dietitian. Add beans or lentils to soups in place of refined starch sources, such as instant rice or noodles, for added satiation and nutrients. Steamed soybeans provide a nutritious alternative to potato chips and other salty snacks.", "There are three types of carbohydrates: fiber, sugars and starch. While many weight-loss diets suggest heavy restriction of starch and other carbs, the notion that carbohydrates themselves are fattening is a myth, says the Weight-Control Information Network. Many starchy foods are highly nutritious and bring valuable benefits to a healthy diet. How Starches Work. Carbohydrates are your body's primary fuel source. After you eat, your digestive system converts them into glucose, or blood sugar, which your body uses to energize your tissues, cells and organs. Whatever is leftover is stored in your liver and muscles for later use.", "A. Modified cornstarch is starch that is physically/chemically treated to change its properties and is mainly used as a thickening agent, stabilizer or emulsifier in various food products (as a food additiive and not for taste/nutrition). There are many different types of these starches around and they are considered safe. ", "Starches (Complex) and dietary fiber which are good for you, like dry beans, peas, corn, oatmeal, nut's and seeds also fruit yes fruit contains carbohydrates. Sugar itself is a form of carbohydrate, in such things as fruit it can be a good thing. Starchy foods are a good source of energy and the main source of a range of nutrients in our diet. As well as starch, they contain fibre, calcium, iron and B vitamins. Some people think starchy foods are fattening, but gram for gram they contain fewer than half the calories of fat.", "Potato starch is a very refined starch, containing minimal protein or fat. This gives the powder a clear white colour, and the cooked starch typical characteristics of neutral taste, good clarity, high binding strength, long texture and a minimal tendency to foaming or yellowing of the solution. Potato starch is starch extracted from potatoes. The cells of the root tubers of the potato plant contain starch grains (leucoplasts). To extract the starch, the potatoes are crushed; the starch grains are released from the destroyed cells.", "Pure starch is a white, tasteless and odorless powder that is insoluble in cold water or alcohol. It consists of two types of molecules: the linear and helical amylose and the branched amylopectin. Depending on the plant, starch generally contains 20 to 25% amylose and 75 to 80% amylopectin by weight. Glycogen, the glucose store of animals, is a more branched version of amylopectin.", "Cornstarch is starch that is ground from the white endosperm at the heart of a kernel of corn. It's used as a thickening agent in cooking, a health-conscious alternative to talc, and the main ingredient in a biodegradable plastic. Powdered sugar also includes a small amount so that it does not clump. ", "Cornstarch is starch that’s derived from corn. It’s made from the tiny white endosperm at the heart of a corn kernel. To get to the endosperm, the kernels are processed so all of the outside shells removed. The endosperms are ground up into the fine white, gritty powder we know as cornstarch. " ], "url": [ "http://argostarch.com/faq.html", "http://www.livestrong.com/article/495891-why-is-starch-good-for-the-body/", "http://healthyeating.sfgate.com/good-starches-eat-5265.html", "http://www.livestrong.com/article/495891-why-is-starch-good-for-the-body/", "http://answers.webmd.com/answers/5004380/is-modified-corn-starch-bad-for-you", "http://www.nhs.uk/Livewell/Goodfood/Pages/starchy-foods.aspx", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potato_starch", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Starch", "http://www.wisegeek.org/what-is-cornstarch.htm", "http://www.accordingtoelle.com/cornstarch-what-is-it-and-is-it-bad-for-me/" ] }

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[ "DNA Land is a place where you can learn more about your genome while enabling scientists to make new genetic discoveries for the benefit of humanity." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "If you don't know how to download your data, don't worry! We will provide you with step-by-step instructions. Then, you can just follow the registration and upload process. Importantly, your data won't be collected until you complete the consent as part of the registration process.", "DNA.Land is in partnership with the National Breast Cancer Coalition (NBCC) to better understand the genetic risks of breast cancer.", "By being part of DNA Land, you will be able to connect with the scientific community and learn more about your genome for free, including information about ancestry and relatedness to other individuals on the site.", "Mutations. Mutation is a change in DNA, the hereditary material of life. An organism's DNA affects how it looks, how it behaves, and its physiology all aspects of its life. So a change in an organism's DNA can cause changes in all aspects of its life. Mutations are random.", "DNA Land is a place where you can learn more about your genome while enabling scientists to make new genetic discoveries for the benefit of humanity. Our goal is to help members to interpret their data and to enable their contribution to research.", "Your contribution badge represents your total contribution to scientific studies. DNA.Land awards points for every question you answer and the badge shows your total accumulation. The badge also highlights how your contribution compares to all participants on the website using a percentile score." ], "url": [ "https://dna.land/", "https://dna.land/", "https://dna.land/", "http://www.evolution.berkeley.edu/evosite/evo101/IIIC1Mutations.shtml", "https://dna.land/", "https://dna.land/" ] }

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[ "Fossil fuels are sources of energy that have developed within the earth over millions of years." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "Fossil Fuels. The United States gets 84% of its total energy from oil, coal, and natural gas, all of which are fossil fuels. We depend on fossil fuels to heat our homes, run our vehicles, power industry and manufacturing, and provide us with electricity.", "Fossil fuels are sources of energy that have developed within the earth over millions of years. Because fossil fuels-oil, natural gas, and coal-take so long to form, they are considered nonrenewable.", "Energy transfer for the generation of electricity from a fossil fuel. The fossil fuels are coal, oil and natural gas. They are fuels because they release heat energy when they are burned.", "Fossil fuels, including coal, oil and natural gas, are currently the world's primary energy source. Formed from organic material over the course of millions of years, fossil fuels have fueled U.S. and global economic development over the past century.", "Today, fossil fuel industries drill or mine for these energy sources, burn them to produce electricity, or refine them for use as fuel for heating or transportation. Over the past 20 years, nearly three-fourths of human-caused emissions came from the burning of fossil fuels.", "The follow studies provide an extensive analysis of fossil fuels as an energy resource, their impact on markets, and their importance in energy policy debates. Below these studies is an in-depth overview of fossil fuels.", "Fossil fuels are made of the fossilized remains of living things that died millions of years ago. Coal, oil, and gas are the most important fossil fuels. Today, they provide most of the world’s energy. Plant remains decay to make brown, crumbly peat when they are buried and squashed.", "Coal, the first of the fossil fuels to make its presence felt in the modern era, remains a major contributor to the world’s energy pool. Once burned in chimneys to produce heat, today coal is widely used as fuel for power plants that generate electricity for residential and commercial customers.", "Explore the trend with our interactive chart. | Graphic by Daniel Wood, Energy Department. Fossil energy sources, including oil, coal and natural gas, are non-renewable resources that formed when prehistoric plants and animals died and were gradually buried by layers of rock." ], "url": [ "http://needtoknow.nas.edu/energy/energy-sources/fossil-fuels/", "http://study.com/academy/lesson/what-are-fossil-fuels-definition-advantages-disadvantages.html", "http://www.bbc.co.uk/schools/gcsebitesize/science/aqa_pre_2011/energy/mainselectricityrev1.shtml", "http://www.eesi.org/topics/fossil-fuels/description", "http://energy.gov/science-innovation/energy-sources/fossil", "http://instituteforenergyresearch.org/topics/encyclopedia/fossil-fuels/", "http://www.factmonster.com/dk/encyclopedia/energy-resources.html", "http://instituteforenergyresearch.org/topics/encyclopedia/fossil-fuels/", "http://energy.gov/science-innovation/energy-sources/fossil" ] }

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[ "5 minutes" ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "Finally, add a thin layer of some safflower, canola, or other vegetable oil. 3. Once the grill is preheated, lay the steaks on the grill. Assuming that your grill is a gas grill, cook your steaks over high heat if you want them rare. The high heat will cook the outside faster and leave the inside bloody. If you want your steaks cooked more than rare, lower the heat medium-high. Lay the steaks on the grill either parallel to the grates or 30 degrees perpendicular to it. The picture shows that the first steak is parallel and the second is 30 degrees perpendicular. 4. Rotate the steaks 30 degrees in either direction. After 2 minutes of grilling time, rotate the steaks. ", "salt, fresh black pepper and garlic. Get the grill as hot as you can. Cook both sides for 5-7 minutes until they are both seared (this helps seal in the juices). Turn the grill down to low and how long you cook it depends on how big the steak is. Hold your thumb and finger about 1 inch apart. Now press about 1/2 inch up from where the tissue on your hand begins. ", "1 Before you grill the porterhouse steaks, leave them at room temperature for 2 hours. 2 This will keep them from over-charring on the grill. 3 Season the steak with seasoning salt or salt and pepper. 4 Make sure the grill is hot prior to cooking the steaks, at least 500–600 degrees. If you love steak, a porterhouse is a special treat, especially if it's grilled to perfection. Here's Elias Iglesias, executive chef of Morton's, The Steakhouse, to show how to cook a porterhouse steak on a gas grill.", "Place over direct heat. In five minutes (by the clock) flip the meat. If you’re into crossed grill marks, you should have rotated the meat 90 degrees at about 2 1/2 minutes. Grill for approximately 3 more minutes for rare, 4 more minutes for medium-rare and 5 minutes for medium (150). The larger side is really a strip steak and the small side a tenderloin (filet). In a T-Bone the tenderloin must measure a minimum of 1/2 inch across the center and the porterhouse a minimum of 1 1/4 inches. So they are basically the same cut of meat except for more filet on the porterhouse.", "1 Put lid back down. 2 Let it cook for another 3-4 minutes to reach medium rare, or 5-6 minutes to reach medium. 3 To tell the temperature, you can use a simple hand test to determine the doneness of your grilled porterhouse steaks. 4 For medium rare, the steak should feel like the sponge area of your thumb. If you love steak, a porterhouse is a special treat, especially if it's grilled to perfection. Here's Elias Iglesias, executive chef of Morton's, The Steakhouse, to show how to cook a porterhouse steak on a gas grill.", "Make certain the grill is extremely hot by allowing it to heat for 10 minutes before adding the steaks. Place the meat on the hottest portion of the grill and cook, undisturbed for 7 to 10 minutes per side for rare meat or 8 to 12 minutes for medium-rare. If you'd like the steaks to have cross-hatch marks, turn the meat 30 degrees after the first three to four minutes of cooking time has elapsed for each side. Fortunately, you can avoid disappointingly tough, over-cooked porterhouse steaks by understanding the basic precepts of successfully cooking thick steaks on the grill -- how to prepare the meat in advance, how long to cook the cook the steaks and how to correctly judge their doneness.", "1 Turn steaks over on opposite side in 5 minutes. 2 Put lid back down. 3 Let it cook for another 3-4 minutes to reach medium rare, or 5-6 minutes to reach medium. 4 To tell the temperature, you can use a simple hand test to determine the doneness of your grilled porterhouse steaks. If you love steak, a porterhouse is a special treat, especially if it's grilled to perfection. Here's Elias Iglesias, executive chef of Morton's, The Steakhouse, to show how to cook a porterhouse steak on a gas grill.", "1 Place over direct heat. 2 In five minutes (by the clock) flip the meat. 3 If your are into crossed grill marks, you should have rotated the meat 90 degrees at about 2½ minues. 4 Grill for approximately 3 more minutes for rare, 4 more minutes for medium-rare and 5 minutes for medium (150). The larger side is really a strip steak and the small side a tenderloin (filet). In a T-Bone the tenderloin must measure a minimum of 1/2 inch across the center and the porterhouse a minimum of 1 1/4 inches. So they are basically the same cut of meat except for more filet on the porterhouse.", "1 Let it cook for another 3-4 minutes to reach medium rare, or 5-6 minutes to reach medium. 2 To tell the temperature, you can use a simple hand test to determine the doneness of your grilled porterhouse steaks. 3 For medium rare, the steak should feel like the sponge area of your thumb. If you love steak, a porterhouse is a special treat, especially if it's grilled to perfection. Here's Elias Iglesias, executive chef of Morton's, The Steakhouse, to show how to cook a porterhouse steak on a gas grill." ], "url": [ "http://www.howtocookmeat.com/recipes/beef/how-to-grill-porterhouse-steak.htm", "https://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20080413060016AA2pr1P", "http://www.howdini.com/video/6674743/how-to-cook-a-porterhouse-steak-on-a-gas-grill", "http://www.101cookingfortwo.com/how-to-grill-t-bone-or-porterhouse/", "http://www.howdini.com/video/6674743/how-to-cook-a-porterhouse-steak-on-a-gas-grill", "http://www.livestrong.com/article/415830-tips-for-grilling-porterhouse-steak/", "http://www.howdini.com/video/6674743/how-to-cook-a-porterhouse-steak-on-a-gas-grill", "http://www.101cookingfortwo.com/how-to-grill-t-bone-or-porterhouse/", "http://www.howdini.com/video/6674743/how-to-cook-a-porterhouse-steak-on-a-gas-grill" ] }

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[ "Get College Credits Studying for the CPA Exam. The typical bachelor’s degree requires 120 credit hours,but most State Board’s now require you to have 150 credit hours to qualify for the CPA exam." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "4. Candidates will receive provisional approval to take the CPA exam while completing educational requirements. Candidates will have 120 days from the time they take the exam to submit final transcripts to clear their provisional status.. 5. 1 Review exam requirements. To sit for the CPA exam as a first-time four-part candidate in Illinois follow these steps: Before applying for the exam, evaluate your current credentials. You will need: 1.", "You can sit for the CPA Exam with a Bachelor’s degree, as long as 27 of those semester hours are in accounting courses (three of those in audit) and 21 semester hours are in business courses. Effective July 1, 2015, Colorado will also require 150 hours of education to sit for the CPA Exam. Effective August 1, 2012, all candidates need to have 150 hours of education to sit for the CPA Exam. New Hampshire. You can sit for the CPA Exam with a Bachelor’s degree, as long as it includes at least 24 semester hours in business, including at least 12 semester hours in accounting. However, effective July 1, 2014, candidates will need 150 hours of education to be licensed", "Get College Credits Studying for the CPA Exam. The typical bachelor’s degree requires 120 credit hours, but most State Board’s now require you to have 150 credit hours to qualify for the CPA exam. For most people, this means going back to school for another year to gain these additional 30 credit hours. The typical bachelor’s degree requires 120 credit hours, but most State Board’s now require you to have 150 credit hours to qualify for the CPA e", "1 Twenty-four semester hours (thirty-six quarter hours) or the equivalent in accounting subjects of which at least fifteen semester hours must be at the upper level or graduate level (an upper level course is defined as a course that frequently carries completion of a lower level course(s) as a prerequisite). The Board contracts with CPA Exam Services (CPAES) for application requirements, intake and processing for Washington's CPA exam applicants. If you have questions regarding meeting the education requirements to be eligible to take the CPA exam, please contact CPAES.", "1 Graduate degree with at least 30 semester credit hours in accounting at undergrad level or the equivalent at the graduate level (based on AACSB accreditation). 2 Candidates will receive provisional approval to take the CPA exam while completing educational requirements. 1 Review exam requirements. To sit for the CPA exam as a first-time four-part candidate in Illinois follow these steps: Before applying for the exam, evaluate your current credentials. You will need: 1.", "How to Meet the 150-Hour Requirement. Many colleges and universities offer bachelor's and master's degree programs in accounting. To obtain 150 semester hours of education, students do not necessarily have to get a master's degree. They can meet the requirement at the undergraduate level or get a bachelor's degree and take some courses at the graduate level. A: The requirement would not apply to CPAs who received their certification prior to the effective date of the change in the education requirement. For AICPA membership, the requirement applies to those who have taken the CPA exam and applied for membership after the year 2000.", "To obtain the required body of knowledge and to develop the skills and abilities needed to be successful CPAs, students should complete 150 semester hours of education. Many states/jurisdictions now require or will require 150 semester hours of education for obtaining the CPA certification. A: The requirement would not apply to CPAs who received their certification prior to the effective date of the change in the education requirement. For AICPA membership, the requirement applies to those who have taken the CPA exam and applied for membership after the year 2000.", "Colorado. You can sit for the CPA Exam with a Bachelor’s degree, as long as 27 of those semester hours are in accounting courses (three of those in audit) and 21 semester hours are in business courses. Effective July 1, 2015, Colorado will also require 150 hours of education to sit for the CPA Exam. Delaware. Effective August 1, 2012, all candidates need to have 150 hours of education to sit for the CPA Exam. New Hampshire. You can sit for the CPA Exam with a Bachelor’s degree, as long as it includes at least 24 semester hours in business, including at least 12 semester hours in accounting. However, effective July 1, 2014, candidates will need 150 hours of education to be licensed" ], "url": [ "http://www.becker.com/cpa-review/resources/about-exam/requirements/illinois-cpa-exam-requirements", "http://www.cpaexam.com/cpa-exam-requirements/", "http://crushthecpaexam.com/cpa-courses-for-college-credit/", "http://www.cpaboard.wa.gov/individual-licensing/education-requirements", "http://www.becker.com/cpa-review/resources/about-exam/requirements/illinois-cpa-exam-requirements", "http://www.aicpa.org/BecomeACPA/Licensure/Requirements/Pages/default.aspx", "http://www.aicpa.org/BecomeACPA/Licensure/Requirements/Pages/default.aspx", "http://www.cpaexam.com/cpa-exam-requirements/" ] }

[]

[ "$37,579" ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "For example the median expected annual pay for a typical Correctional Officer in the United States is $41,767 so 50% of the people who perform the job of Correctional Officer in the United States are expected to make less than $41,767. Source: HR Reported data as of October 2015. Median $41,767. 1 Salary. ", "Government Work. The largest number of correctional officers worked at state prisons, according to the BLS. These 248,920 guards averaged $44,230 a year in salary. A starting wage likely fell between the 10th percentile of $27,870 yearly and the 25th percentile of $31,500 yearly. The second largest number of correctional officers worked on the local government level, at county or municipal jails. These 159,250 guards averaged $42,020 a year, with the starting wage likely between $24,870 and $30,840 annually.", "Corrections Officer Salary. The U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reports that the 434,870 correctional officers working in the United States in 2011 earned an average annual salary of $43,550. Officers in the lowest ten percent of this profession earned up to $27,000, while those in the top ten percent earned salaries of $69,610 on average. The following states paid the highest average annual salaries for correctional officers in 2011: 1 New Jersey – $69,310. 2 California – $66,930. 3 New York – $61,140. 4 Massachusetts – $60,700.", "The next highest salary is found at the state level with an average of $44,180; state governments are also the largest employers, with 236,890 correctional officers working in state departments of corrections. The following states paid the highest average annual salaries for correctional officers in 2011: 1 New Jersey – $69,310. 2 California – $66,930. 3 New York – $61,140. 4 Massachusetts – $60,700.", "(See “Rikers Island Correctional Officer” for training details.). The entry-level annual salary of NYC correction officers is $37,579 with regular raises up to $76,488 after five years. A longevity bonus of up to $7,365 is awarded at 20 years. Requirements for New York City correction officer jobs are as follows: 1 U.S citizen at least 21 years old. 2 Valid New York driver’s license. 3 Permanent resident of NYC or approved surrounding counties like Nassau, Putnam or Rockland.", "For employment in federal prisons, the Federal Bureau of Prisons requires entry-level correctional officers to have at least a bachelor's degree; 3 years of full-time experience in a field providing counseling, assistance, or supervision to individuals; or a combination of the two. The lowest 10 percent earned less than $18,700, and the top 10 percent earned more than $66,860. In addition to receiving typical benefits, correctional officers employed in the public sector usually are provided with uniforms or with a clothing allowance to buy their own uniforms.", "These prison guards earned an average annual wage of $43,300, equal to $20.82 an hour. However, a starting salary was likely to fall between the 10th percentile wage of $26,710 annually and the 25th percentile wage of $31,350 annually. The second largest number of correctional officers worked on the local government level, at county or municipal jails. These 159,250 guards averaged $42,020 a year, with the starting wage likely between $24,870 and $30,84", "A starting salary for state correctional officers in Oklahoma is $11.83 per hour, or roughly $21,000 per year, which is actually less than many entry-level retail jobs in the same state. In West Virginia, the starting average salaries for correctional officers begin at $22,584 per year. In Mississippi, they are roughly $500 lower. Both of these salary ranges are approaching the federal poverty line for a family of four.", "Correctional officers usually must be at least 18 to 21 years of age, must be a U.S. citizen or permanent resident, and must have no felony convictions. New applicants for federal corrections positions must be appointed before they are 37 years old. The lowest 10 percent earned less than $18,700, and the top 10 percent earned more than $66,860. In addition to receiving typical benefits, correctional officers employed in the public sector usually are provided with uniforms or with a clothing allowance to buy their own uniforms.", "The median annual wage for correctional officers and jailers was $39,040 in May 2012. The median wage is the wage at which half the workers in an occupation earned more than that amount and half earned less. The lowest 10 percent earned less than $27,000, and the top 10 percent earned more than $69,610. The lowest 10 percent earned less than $18,700, and the top 10 percent earned more than $66,860. In addition to receiving typical benefits, correctional officers employed in the public sector usually are provided with uniforms or with a clothing allowance to buy their own uniforms." ], "url": [ "http://www1.salary.com/Correctional-Officer-salary.html", "http://work.chron.com/average-starting-salary-corrections-officer-11002.html", "http://www.correctionalofficeredu.org/salaries/", "http://www.correctionalofficeredu.org/salaries/", "http://www.correctionalofficeredu.org/new-york/new-york-city/", "http://www.bls.gov/ooh/Protective-Service/Correctional-officers.htm", "http://work.chron.com/average-starting-salary-corrections-officer-11002.html", "http://www.insideprison.com/article_corrections_officers_salaries.asp", "http://www.bls.gov/ooh/Protective-Service/Correctional-officers.htm", "http://www.bls.gov/ooh/Protective-Service/Correctional-officers.htm" ] }

[]

[ "heart disease by up to 78%." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "The researchers found that a resting heart rate of over 84 beats per minute that either developed or persisted over a 5-year period increased the risk of cardiovascular death by 55%, and raised the risk of death from any cause by 79%. The authors state that a healthy heart rate is between 60 and 80 beats per minute. The study revealed that every extra ten beats per minute higher than a normal resting heart rate is linked to a 16% higher risk of death from cardiovascular disease and a 25% increased risk of death from all causes.", "Most adults have a resting heart rate of 60-100 beats per minute (bpm). The fitter you are, the lower your resting heart rate is likely to be. For example, athletes may have a resting heart rate of 40-60 bpm or lower. You should contact your GP if you think your heart rate is continuously above 120 bpm or below 40 bpm, although this could just be normal for you. It's known as your resting heart rate, as long as you've been resting for at least five minutes before checking your pulse. You can also check if your pulse is regular or irregular by feeling its rhythm for about 20-30 seconds. Occasional irregular heartbeats, such as missed beats, are very common.", "1 One basic method is just subtract your age from 220. 2 So if you are 30, your maximum heart rate will be approximately 190 beats per minute. 3 This method is considered more accurate for those under 40. 4 A slightly more complicated recent method is to multiply your age by 0.7, and then subtract that figure from 208. Take your pulse. To take your pulse at the carotid artery, place your index and middle finger tips lightly on one side of your neck, to the side of your windpipe. Press gently until you find the pulse. Count how many beats there are in 10 seconds, and multiply the number by six.", "For example, if you are 50, your maximum heart rate is 220 minus 50, or 170. Then multiply 170 by 0.6 (for the low end) and by 0.8 (for the high end), which gives a range of 102 to 136. Your heart rate should fall between these two numbers while you exercise. Your heart rate is faster when you get excited, anxious, or angry or if you are in pain or have a fever. And it rises temporarily if you smoke or drink a lot of alcohol or coffee. On the other hand, your resting heart rate slows during sleep and tends to be lower if you are very fit.", "Resting heart rate, or pulse, refers to the number of times your heart beats per minute when you are at rest. Though a normal range is 50 to 100, most people’s hearts beat 60 to 80 times a minute. Above 100 is considered a rapid pulse, called tachycardia; an unusually slow resting heart rate is called bradycardia. Your heart rate is faster when you get excited, anxious, or angry or if you are in pain or have a fever. And it rises temporarily if you smoke or drink a lot of alcohol or coffee. On the other hand, your resting heart rate slows during sleep and tends to be lower if you are very fit.", "Generally speaking, your resting heart rate should be no higher than 70 bpm (beats per minute), and having a higher one, according to an Italian survey, can increase the risk of dying from heart disease by up to 78%. In ancient eastern practices, there is a known exercise that you do, to reduce your heart rate – controlling the amount you breath in and out. This takes a lot of practice – and requires a focused mind to practice – but is the fastest way to reduce heart rate naturally.", "A normal resting heart rate should be between 60 and 100 beats per minute. A rate of more than 90 is, however, considered high. 1 The resting heart rate of well trained endurance athletes can be between 40 and 60 beats per minute. 2 Test your rate over a few days to get an average. Take your pulse. To take your pulse at the carotid artery, place your index and middle finger tips lightly on one side of your neck, to the side of your windpipe. Press gently until you find the pulse. Count how many beats there are in 10 seconds, and multiply the number by six.", "Monitor your heart rate during exercise. To keep track of your heart rate during exercise just take your pulse or your wrist or neck. Count for fifteen seconds and multiply the number by four. When you are exercising you want to keep your heart rate between 50% and 85% of your maximum. If you are dropping down, try to up the intensity. 1 If you are relatively new to exercise, increase gradually. 2 You will still reap the benefits and will be less likely to sustain injury or to become discouraged. Take your pulse. To take your pulse at the carotid artery, place your index and middle finger tips lightly on one side of your neck, to the side of your windpipe. Press gently until you find the pulse. Count how many beats there are in 10 seconds, and multiply the number by six.", "Even if you’re not an athlete, knowledge about your heart rate can help you monitor your fitness level — and it might even help you spot developing health problems. Your heart rate, or pulse, is the number of times your heart beats per minute. Normal heart rate varies from person to person. Knowing yours can be an important heart-health gauge. If you’re sitting or lying and you’re calm, relaxed and aren’t ill, your heart rate is normally between 60 (beats per minute) and 100 (beats per minute), Stein said. But a heart rate lower than 60 doesn’t necessarily signal a medical problem. It could be the result of taking a drug such as a beta blocker." ], "url": [ "http://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/198053.php", "http://www.nhs.uk/chq/Pages/2024.aspx?CategoryID=52", "http://www.wikihow.com/Lower-Resting-Heart-Rate", "http://www.berkeleywellness.com/fitness/exercise/article/your-heart-beat-and-your-health", "http://www.berkeleywellness.com/fitness/exercise/article/your-heart-beat-and-your-health", "http://www.fitbuff.com/5-tips-to-lower-your-resting-heart-rate/", "http://www.wikihow.com/Lower-Resting-Heart-Rate", "http://www.wikihow.com/Lower-Resting-Heart-Rate", "http://www.heart.org/HEARTORG/Conditions/More/MyHeartandStrokeNews/All-About-Heart-Rate-Pulse_UCM_438850_Article.jsp" ] }

[]

[ "No" ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "Overview. If you use part of your home for business, you may be able to deduct expenses for the business use of your home. This can be a somewhat complicated area, so consult your tax professional or the IRS website if you have any questions. 1 If rent is paid in advance, you can deduct only the portion that is paid for the use of the property during the current tax year. 2 Rent paid to a related person or entity will be carefully scrutinized by the IRS.", "During an audit, the IRS told me that the expense wasn’t deductible because the contractor was not an employee and neither was a 1099 issued. Answer: In general, a 1099 is not required for a valid business expense to be deductible. Keeping accurate records of the payment and the purpose for the payment is required. However there is a penalty for the failure to issue a 1099 when one is required.", "If someone stiffs your business, the bad debt may or may not be deductible -- it depends on the kind of product your business sells. 1 Goods. 2 If your business sells goods, you can deduct the cost of goods that you sell but aren't paid for. 3 Services. 1. If you use your car for business, or your business owns its own vehicle, you can deduct some of the costs of keeping it on the road. Mastering the rules of car expense deductions can be tricky, but well worth your while.", "The Tax Shelter Benefit. The Corporation or LLC which elects to be taxed as a Corporation can be a tax shelter. The first $50,000 of taxable income is taxed at 15%. A Corporation or taxable-LLC can retain up to $250,000 without having to justify (and pay a higher tax rate on) its accumulated earnings. An LLC may elect to be taxed as a Corporation (a.k.a. “C” Corporation) by applying for an EIN, and then filing a Form 8832 within 75 days after the date of formation or beginning of a tax year.", "Getting a tax deduction may be nice, but make sure that the deductible expense is justified from a business operations perspective. Particularly if you are in the startup phase of your business, the money you have to spend is limited. If an expense was incurred partly for business and partly for personal purposes, you need to allocate the expense and deduct only the portion that pertains to business usage. The method of allocation depends on the nature of the expense. It can be done on the basis of time, space, usage, or any other reasonable method.", "The IRS says that one-person LLCs may deduct in a single year organizational costs that do not exceed $5,000. However, if a single member LLC’s organizational expenses exceed $5,000, no portion of the expenses is deductible. Instead, the entire amount must be capitalized. ", "Since a Corporation or taxable-LLC can only deduct charitable contributions up to a value of 10% of its taxable income, it is usually advisable for the owner to make personal charitable contributions. (Note: Any excess Corporation or LLC charitable deductions not currently deductible can be carried over for 5 years). An LLC may elect to be taxed as a Corporation (a.k.a. “C” Corporation) by applying for an EIN, and then filing a Form 8832 within 75 days after the date of formation or beginning of a tax year.", "You can deduct as a farm business expense on Schedule F the cost of preparing that part of your tax return relating to your farm business. You may be able to deduct the remaining cost on Schedule A (Form 1040) if you itemize your deductions. You paid $1,500 for electricity during the tax year. You used 1 / 3 of the electricity for personal purposes and 2 / 3 for farming. Under these circumstances, you can deduct $1,000 (2 / 3 of $1,500) of your electricity expense as a farm business expense.", "You can generally deduct the current costs of operating your farm. Current costs are expenses you do not have to capitalize or include in inventory costs. However, your deduction for the cost of livestock feed and certain other supplies may be limited. You paid $1,500 for electricity during the tax year. You used 1 / 3 of the electricity for personal purposes and 2 / 3 for farming. Under these circumstances, you can deduct $1,000 (2 / 3 of $1,500) of your electricity expense as a farm business expense.", "In order to claim a business expense, the expense must relate to your business, not your personal life. That's an easy principle to state, but in real life, the distinction between business and personal can be blurry, especially if yours is a family business or you work out of your home. If an expense was incurred partly for business and partly for personal purposes, you need to allocate the expense and deduct only the portion that pertains to business usage. The method of allocation depends on the nature of the expense. It can be done on the basis of time, space, usage, or any other reasonable method." ], "url": [ "http://taxreceipts.com/tax-guide/", "http://judismithlaw.com/deductibility-of-off-shore-contract-labor/", "http://www.nolo.com/legal-encyclopedia/top-tax-deductions-small-business-30176.html", "https://www.incnow.com/tax-tips/", "http://www.bizfilings.com/toolkit/sbg/tax-info/fed-taxes/business-deductions-critical-for-tax-savings.aspx", "http://www.nolo.com/legal-encyclopedia/deducting-organizational-costs-single-membrer-llcs.html", "https://www.incnow.com/tax-tips/", "http://taxmap.ntis.gov/taxmap/pubs/p225-013.htm", "http://taxmap.ntis.gov/taxmap/pubs/p225-013.htm", "http://www.bizfilings.com/toolkit/sbg/tax-info/fed-taxes/business-deductions-critical-for-tax-savings.aspx" ] }

[]

[ "The development of national health policies, strategies, and plans is a complex and dynamic process. Its precise nature varies from country to country according to the political, historical, and socio-economic context.", "Policy or policy study may also refer to the process of making important organizational decisions, including the identification of different alternatives such as programs or spending priorities, and choosing among them on the basis of the impact they will have." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "Case 2. The development of a state budget is an important public policy process. As you read through the scenario, consider how many different groups and types of communication are involved in the process. Read more... Summary and Looking Forward. Public policy making has three basic components: the problem, the policy, and the process. The problem is something perceived to be wrong in society or its environment. The policy is a standing decision by government.", "The public policy process is a multi-stage cycle. These six stages overlap each other, with additional mini-stages, in a process that never really ends. Each year, Congress must decide through the appropriations process how much money to spend on each policy. Generally, a policy must first be authorized (adopted) before money can be appropriated for it in the annual budget.", "Policy or policy study may also refer to the process of making important organizational decisions, including the identification of different alternatives such as programs or spending priorities, and choosing among them on the basis of the impact they will have. Policy differs from rules or law. While law can compel or prohibit behaviors (e.g. a law requiring the payment of taxes on income), policy merely guides actions toward those that are most likely to achieve a desired outcome.", "Public policy exists to solve problems affecting people in society (1). Making public policy means deciding what is and is not a problem, choosing which problems to solve, and deciding on solutions. In the process, problems are conceived and defined differently by variously interested actors and groups. Summary and Looking Forward. Public policy making has three basic components: the problem, the policy, and the process. The problem is something perceived to be wrong in society or its environment. The policy is a standing decision by government.", "Those policy formulations then must be adopted (authorized) through the congressional process and refined through the bureaucratic process. Of course, a non-decision (inaction, or defeating a proposal) is, itself, policy making. Each year, Congress must decide through the appropriations process how much money to spend on each policy. Generally, a policy must first be authorized (adopted) before money can be appropriated for it in the annual budget.", "A policy is a deliberate system of principles to guide decisions and achieve rational outcomes. A policy is a statement of intent, and is implemented as a procedure or protocol. Policy differs from rules or law. While law can compel or prohibit behaviors (e.g. a law requiring the payment of taxes on income), policy merely guides actions toward those that are most likely to achieve a desired outcome.", "Policy process. The development of national health policies, strategies, and plans is a complex and dynamic process. Its precise nature varies from country to country according to the political, historical, and socio-economic context. There is no single blueprint for conducting the p", "Steps in Policy Development. Here is a suggested process for policy development. Research and consultation are key step in the process. A sound policy is built upon good consultation with those who will be affected by the policy.", "Evaluating the Effect of the Policy Change. The final stage in the public policy process, known as evaluation, is typically ongoing. This step usually involves a study of how effective the new policy has been in addressing the original problem, which often leads to additional public policy changes. Bhutan-Some people feel that while the intent of these public policy implementation process is really meant to help the poor, some feel that too many entitlement programs cause the poor to be dependent and not be able to eventually feel the self actualization opportunities of seeking more fulfilling work.", "Once a problem requiring a policy solution has been identified, the process of policy development includes how the problem is framed by various stakeholders (issues framing), which problems make it onto the policymaking agenda, and how the policy (or law) is formulated. " ], "url": [ "http://core.ecu.edu/engl/smithcath/ppolicy_book/home.htm", "http://www.laits.utexas.edu/gov310/PEP/policy/", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Policy", "http://core.ecu.edu/engl/smithcath/ppolicy_book/home.htm", "http://www.laits.utexas.edu/gov310/PEP/policy/", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Policy", "http://www.who.int/nationalpolicies/processes/en/", "http://www.leoisaac.com/policy/top132.htm", "http://www.wisegeek.org/what-are-the-steps-in-the-public-policy-process.htm", "http://www.policyproject.com/policycircle/content.cfm?a0=4" ] }

[]

[ "No" ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "Mica is made from pulverized (crushed) rock which tends to have sharp microscopic edges causing micro-tears when buffed onto the skin. It can also cause further irritation to women with acne and rosacea making both of these conditions worsen. This is why I use very little Mica in all of my foundations and the Mica is always treated with Methicone. For the most part, mineral makeup is about applying the essential minerals like Titanium Dioxide and Zinc Oxide to the face in order to achieve the proposed healing treatment for the skin.", "What it is. Mica is a naturally occurring group of silicate minerals that are found in different types of rock. What it does. Mica reflects the light and is used in many cosmetics and personal care products to give them sparkle and shine. Side effects. Mica can be irritating for people with sensitive skin. Because mica is made from crushed rocks, it tends to have sharp microscopic edges that can cause micro-tears when buffed onto the skin.", "For some women with very sensitive skin, the process of rubbing mica on their skin can cause inflammation, redness, and itching. For women with eczema, rosacea and dermatitis who have sensitive skin, it acts like a microdermabrasion, literally. For most women, myself included, mica is not an issue. If you have an eyelid rash that is covered by dry, red, itchy skin you may have a sensitivity to either bismuth oxychloride or mica. Both of these ingredients can cause major skin irritations in women with a history of eczema, rosacea, and dermatitis.", "Mica (Sericite) as a general rule is safe for the skin and usually will not cause any significant problems for women with normal complexions; however for those of us, like me, with sensitive, allergy prone skin issues, this ingredient can cause severe distress to the wearer. This is why I use very little Mica in all of my foundations and the Mica is always treated with Methicone. For the most part, mineral makeup is about applying the essential minerals like Titanium Dioxide and Zinc Oxide to the face in order to achieve the proposed healing treatment for the skin.", "Many women rave about mineral makeup because it does not contain harsh chemicals and preservatives. Mineral makeup can be ideal for sensitive skin because it does not cause irritations unlike other types of cosmetics. Unfortunately, mineral makeup is not entirely hazard-free. Some ingredients found in mineral makeup can be harmful to health, and some are also found in other types of makeup. ", "Look at labels — many makeup brands advertise that they are talc-or mica-free. Chemical Sunscreen. Some ingredients in chemical sunscreen, including oxybenzone, can inflame sensitive skin. However, if your skin is sensitive, it’s crucial to use a daily sunscreen, as sun exposure can irritate skin even further. Be sure to choose the right sun-protection ingredients", "Many things can make your skin itch. Dry skin, eczema, and hives can cause itching all over your body. Contact dermatitis is another cause of all-over itching. You can get this condition after your skin comes in contact with something that irritates it, such as a strong laundry soap or a body lotion. You might feel itchy in only a few parts of your body.", "In fact, avoiding Mica based products and Bismuth altogether is preferred for sensitive-allergy / acne / rosacea prone ladies. The main reason for using mineral foundation is to calm erythema and protect the skin from further sun damage and to reduce problems from further irritants. This is why I use very little Mica in all of my foundations and the Mica is always treated with Methicone. For the most part, mineral makeup is about applying the essential minerals like Titanium Dioxide and Zinc Oxide to the face in order to achieve the proposed healing treatment for the skin.", "Also, using a high quality synthetic brush to apply minerals can prevent further distress to the skin. One more thing to consider when looking for that perfect mineral makeup, Titanium Dioxide when used with little filler, can also cause irritation to the face even in the absence of Mica and Bismuth. This is why I use very little Mica in all of my foundations and the Mica is always treated with Methicone. For the most part, mineral makeup is about applying the essential minerals like Titanium Dioxide and Zinc Oxide to the face in order to achieve the proposed healing treatment for the skin." ], "url": [ "http://sterlingminerals.blogspot.com/2007/12/mica-is-problem-for-your-sensitive-skin.html", "http://beautifulwithbrains.com/2008/08/23/know-your-ingredients-mica/", "http://healthy-family.org/eyelid-rash-dry-red-itchy-skin/", "http://sterlingminerals.blogspot.com/2007/12/mica-is-problem-for-your-sensitive-skin.html", "http://www.modernmom.com/2db37c4a-051f-11e2-9d62-404062497d7e.html", "http://www.everydayhealth.com/news/ingredients-that-irritate-sensitive-skin/", "http://www.aafp.org/afp/2003/0915/p1145.html", "http://sterlingminerals.blogspot.com/2007/12/mica-is-problem-for-your-sensitive-skin.html", "http://sterlingminerals.blogspot.com/2007/12/mica-is-problem-for-your-sensitive-skin.html" ] }

[]

[ "Dimorphic fungi are those fungi that can exist in two different morphological forms under two different environmental conditions. These fungi exist as moulds in their natural habitat and in vitro at room temperature and as yeasts in vivo or in vitro at 37oC." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "Candida albicans is a diploid fungus that grows both as yeast and filamentous cells and a causal agent of opportunistic oral and genital infections in humans, and candidal onychomycosis, an infection of the nail plate. ", "Any of numerous spore-producing eukaryotic organisms of the kingdom Fungi, which lack chlorophyll and vascular tissue and range in form from a single cell to a mass of branched filamentous hyphae that often produce specialized fruiting bodies. Plural fungi (fŭn′jī, fŭng′gī). Any of a wide variety of organisms that reproduce by spores, including the mushrooms, molds, yeasts, and mildews. The spores of most fungi grow a network of slender tubes called hyphae that spread into and feed off of living organisms or dead organic matter.", "fungus. any member of the kingdom fungi, a group of eukaryotic organisms that includes mushrooms, yeasts, and molds, which lack chlorophyll, have a rigid cell wall in some stage of the life cycle, and reproduce by means of spores. Fungi are present in the soil, air, and water, but only a few species can cause disease. pl. fungi [L.] a general term for a group of eukaryotic organisms (mushrooms, yeasts, molds, etc.) marked by the absence of chlorophyll, the presence of a rigid cell wall in some stage of the life cycle, and reproduction", "Dimorphic fungi are fungi which can exist as mold / hyphal /filamentous form or as yeast. An example is Penicillium marneffei 1 : At room temperature, it grows as a mold. 2 At body temperature, it grows as a yeast. 3 Yeast in the Beast, Mold in the Cold (makes it easy to remember!). ", "D imorphic fungi are those fungi that exist either in yeast form or as mold (mycelial form) depending on environmental conditions, physiological conditions of the fungus or the genetic characteristics. As yeasts, dimorphic fungi exist as single cells and multiply by old cells producing daughter cells. Examples of Dimorphic Fungi in Indoor Environments. Examples of dimorphic fungi in indoor environments are Aureobasidium pullulans, Histoplasma capsulatum and Sporothrix spp.", ": the condition or property of being dimorphic or dimorphous: as a (1) : the existence of two different forms (as of color or size) of a species especially in the same population (2) : the existence of an organ in two different forms b: crystallization of a chemical compound in two different forms. Definition of DIMORPHISM. : the condition or property of being dimorphic or dimorphous: as b: the existence of a part (as leaves of a plant) in two different forms.", "MICROBIOLOGY NOTES DIMORPHIC FUNGIDimorphic fungi are those fungi that can exist in two different morphological forms under two different environmental conditions. These fungi exist as moulds in their natural habitat and in vitro at room temperature and as yeasts in vivo or in vitro at 37oC. These fungi exist as moulds in their natural habitat and in vitro at room temperature and as yeasts in vivo or in vitro at 37 o C. Most of the dimorphic fungi are responsible for systemic or deep mycoses. For definitive identification of the fungus, yeast-to-mould conversion should be demonstrated.", "fungus. pl. fungi [L.] a general term for a group of eukaryotic organisms (mushrooms, yeasts, molds, etc.) marked by the absence of chlorophyll, the presence of a rigid cell wall in some stage of the life cycle, and reproduction by means of spores.", "Dimorphism is common with some members of the major divisions of the fungal kingdom, i.e., Zygomycota, Ascomycota, Basidiomycota, and mitosporic fungi. Some dimorphic fungi will switch to yeast or mold form depending on the prevailing temperature. These fungi are referred to as thermally dimorphic. Examples of Dimorphic Fungi in Indoor Environments. Examples of dimorphic fungi in indoor environments are Aureobasidium pullulans, Histoplasma capsulatum and Sporothrix spp." ], "url": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Candida_albicans", "http://www.thefreedictionary.com/dimorphic+fungus", "http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/dimorphic+fungus", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dimorphic_fungus", "http://www.moldbacteria.com/mold/dimorphic-fungi-what-are-they.html", "http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/dimorphism", "http://www.microrao.com/micronotes/dimorphic_fungi.htm", "http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/dimorphic+fungus", "http://www.moldbacteria.com/mold/dimorphic-fungi-what-are-they.html" ] }

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[ "No" ]

{ "is_selected": [ 1, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "Fudge's shelf life on the counter or in the refrigerator. Fudge stored at room temperature in an airtight container will last 7 to 14 days. Fudge stored in the refrigerator can last 2 to 3 weeks. Fudge stored in an airtight container at room temperature will ripen over the first 24 hours.", "Fudge in the Fridge. You can refrigerate fudge, although it's not the best storage method. Fudge will keep for several weeks in the refrigerator. However, fudge can dry out when refrigerated, losing some of its color and texture.", "Whether you're going to freeze your fudge, store it in a refrigerator or keep it at room temperature, the process begins with proper wrapping. Wrap each piece of fudge in waxed paper, then place the pieces in an airtight container such as a sealable plastic bag or box.", "Store fudge in an airtight tin, with a piece of wax paper between each layer. It should keep on the counter (out of the sun) about 2 weeks, in the refrigerator about 2-3 weeks, and in the freezer about 2-3 months. To keep it really moist, you can store the entire “block” of fudge and only cut it when you are ready to serve it.", "Properly wrapped it should keep for several months. Leave fudge in its wrapping for at least two hours upon removal from the freezer to permit it to return to room temperature. Fudge stored in the refrigerator can last 2 to 3 weeks when kept in an air-tight container. Fudge stored at room temperature in an air-tight container will last 7 to 14 days." ], "url": [ "http://www.fromkarenskitchen.com/tips/storing_freezing_fudge.php", "http://www.ehow.com/way_5712561_way-store-fudge.html", "http://www.ehow.com/way_5712561_way-store-fudge.html", "http://startcooking.com/chocolate-fudge", "http://whatscookingamerica.net/Q-A/FudgeFreezing.htm" ] }

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[ "Cellular respiration is the process of breaking down food molecules to obtain energy and store it in the form of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) molecules.Photosynthesis is the process of capturing light energy and converting it to sugar energy, in the presence of chlorophyll using carbon dioxide and water." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "Cellular respiration is the process of breaking down food molecules to obtain energy and store it in the form of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) molecules. Plant cells, after creating sugar molecules through photosynthesis, undergo cellular respiration to create ATP molecules. ☞ Cellular respiration takes place in the cytoplasm and mitochondria of the cell. ☛ Photosynthesis uses water, sunlight, and CO 2 from the atmosphere to create glucose molecules, and releases oxygen as a by-product.", "Photosynthesis is the process by which organisms that contain the pigment chlorophyll convert light energy into chemical energy which can be stored in the molecular bonds of organic molecules (e.g., sugars). Photosynthesis powers almost all trophic chains and food webs on the Earth. Sunlight is converted to chemical energy in the form of ATP (adenosine triphosphate), which is the main energy-storing molecule in living organisms. ATP is then transported throughout the chloroplast and used to provide the chemical energy necessary to power other metabolic reactions.", "Photosynthesis is the process by which plants, some bacteria, and some protistans use the energy from sunlight to produce sugar, which cellular respiration converts into ATP, the fuel used by all living things. ", "Yes, although the energy released by respiration is in a different form. The process of photosynthesis stores energy in the form of chemical bonds (in carbohydrates includin … g glucose, or sugar) and in the process releases free oxygen by breaking down carbon dioxide. Cellular respiration absorbs free oxygen, to release energy stored in the chemical bonds of food. In animal cells, Cellular Respiration is found or takes place in the mitochondria. In plant cells photosynthesis is found or takes place in the Chloroplasts. Photosynthe … sis uses carbon dioxide, light and water to make glucose, while cellular respiration uses the glucose to make ATP. Bruce Pedersen.", "Best Answer: The solution is E. electron transport chain. Citric acid cycle and the Calvin cycle are found in photosynthesis. Lactic acid fermentation and glycolysis are found in cellular respiration. Only electron transport chain is found in both. ", "1 Photosynthesis – The process of capturing light energy and converting it to sugar energy, in the presence of chlorophyll using carbon dioxide and water. 2 Respiration – The process of metabolizing (burning) sugars to yield energy for growth, reproduction, and other life processes. ", "6CO2+6H2O → C6H12O6+6O2 In cellular respiration, glucose and oxygen are taken into the cells, then they are converted to carbon dioxide, water and ATP energy and some other energy. Some of the ATP energy is used in photosynthesis; a large amount of energy is used up as heat, only a little energy is stored in the cells. The formula of cellular respiration is: C6H12O6+6O2 → 6CO2+6H2O+ATP. Both processes take place inside the cells. In contrast, The site of photosynthesis is chloroplast, while the sites of cellular respiration are cytoplasm and mitochondrion", "During the process of photosynthesis, light penetrates the cell and passes into the chloroplast. The light energy is intercepted by chlorophyll molecules on the granal stacks. Some of the light energy is converted to chemical energy. Sunlight is converted to chemical energy in the form of ATP (adenosine triphosphate), which is the main energy-storing molecule in living organisms. ATP is then transported throughout the chloroplast and used to provide the chemical energy necessary to power other metabolic reactions.", "Cellular respiration takes place in the same way in both plants and animals. Living cells obtain the products of photosynthesis (sugar molecules) and undergo cellular respiration to produce ATP molecules. Some cells respire aerobically, using oxygen, while others undergo anaerobic respiration, without using oxygen. ☞ Cellular respiration takes place in the cytoplasm and mitochondria of the cell. ☛ Photosynthesis uses water, sunlight, and CO 2 from the atmosphere to create glucose molecules, and releases oxygen as a by-product." ], "url": [ "http://www.buzzle.com/articles/photosynthesis-and-cellular-respiration.html", "http://www.globalchange.umich.edu/globalchange1/current/lectures/kling/energyflow/PSN_primer.html", "http://www2.estrellamountain.edu/faculty/farabee/biobk/BioBookPS.html", "http://www.answers.com/Q/What_is_found_in_both_cellular_respiration_and_in_the_light_reactions_of_photosynthesis", "https://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20100709062357AAsyTza", "http://www.ext.colostate.edu/mg/gardennotes/141.html", "http://www.studymode.com/essays/Compare-Photosynthesis-And-Cellular-Respiration-812821.html", "http://www.globalchange.umich.edu/globalchange1/current/lectures/kling/energyflow/PSN_primer.html", "http://www.buzzle.com/articles/photosynthesis-and-cellular-respiration.html" ] }

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[ "The conifers are a group of about 588 species of trees and shrubs that include many of the best-known plants in the world." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "They're called conifers because they had pine cones, from the Latin words conus meaning cone and ferre meaning to carry. Inside the pine cones were seeds to make little pine tree babies. ", "Conifers reproduce by means of male and female cones. Male cones produce pollen, and female cones produce seeds. In some New Zealand conifers, male and female cones grow on separate trees. Unlike the seeds of flowering plants, conifer seeds are not enclosed in a fruit but are attached to a cone scale. Foliage. All the native conifers are evergreen. They have narrow, needle-like or scale-like leaves, and in this respect contrast with many flowering trees, which are broad-leaved. The juvenile leaves of some are quite different from their adult form.", "Scales of a Cone. Trees that grow cones are in a group called conifers. The cones of the conifers are very important because they are the place where the tree makes and shelters its seeds. Cones are made up of many scales. Scales are a kind of shelter for the seed. When it's time, the scales of the cone open and the seeds fall to the ground.", "The conifers, division Pinophyta, also known as division Coniferophyta or Coniferae, are one of 12 extant division-level taxa within the Kingdom Plantae (Viridiplantae) and 10 within the extant land plants. Pinophytes are gymnosperms, cone-bearing seed plants with vascular tissue. The conifers are an ancient group, with a fossil record extending back about 300 million years to the Paleozoic in the late Carboniferous period; even many of the modern genera are recognizable from fossils 60–120 million years old.", "Kauri, kaikawaka and kawaka are the only native conifers to produce woody cones that split open when mature, releasing seeds into the wind. The seed cones of podocarps and celery pines are smaller, surrounded by a fleshy support or cover, and their seeds are distributed by birds. Foliage. All the native conifers are evergreen. They have narrow, needle-like or scale-like leaves, and in this respect contrast with many flowering trees, which are broad-leaved. The juvenile leaves of some are quite different from their adult form.", "The male cone (microstrobilus or pollen cone) is structurally similar across all conifers, differing only in small ways (mostly in scale arrangement) from species to species. Extending out from a central axis are microsporophylls (modified leaves). ", "The conifers are a group of about 588 species of trees and shrubs that include many of the best-known plants in the world. All conifers bear seeds inside cones, woody protective structures. There are seven families of conifers. The largest is the Pine family (232 species), which includes such familiar trees as pine, spruce, fir, and larch. Most plants in this family have needlelike foliage and bear their seeds in a cone formed of papery or woody scales whorled about a central axis.", "Any of various trees or shrubs that bear cones. Conifers are dependent on the wind to blow pollen produced by the male cones to the female cones, where seeds develop. Conifers are usually evergreen, often have needle-shaped or scale-like leaves, and include the pine, fir, spruce, hemlock, and yew. See Note at pollination. ", "All extant conifers are woody plants with secondary growth, the great majority being trees with just a few being shrubs. Typical examples of conifers include cedars, Douglas-firs, cypresses, firs, junipers, kauri, larches, pines, hemlocks, redwoods, spruces, and yews. The conifers are an ancient group, with a fossil record extending back about 300 million years to the Paleozoic in the late Carboniferous period; even many of the modern genera are recognizable from fossils 60–120 million years old." ], "url": [ "http://quatr.us/biology/plants/trees/", "http://www.teara.govt.nz/en/conifers/page-1", "http://www.realtrees4kids.org/threefive/conifers.htm", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pinophyta", "http://www.teara.govt.nz/en/conifers/page-1", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conifer_cone", "http://www.biologyreference.com/Ce-Co/Conifers.html", "http://www.thefreedictionary.com/conifer", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pinophyta" ] }

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[ "Green Tea" ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "The first step in figuring out the cause of abdominal bloating is determining whether it's associated with eating or drinking, or both. Bloating can be caused by diet, particularly if someone has a high salt intake or eats a lot of gas-producing foods, such as dark leafy vegetables or beans. Calcium supplements can also cause gas in some people. A simple reflex like inhaling can be the cause of bloating. ", "There is: detox water. Sweating away the stress and snacks of the workday is an unquestionably healthy habit, as is trying to eat well for your body. But pesky water weight can cling to your belly through the cleanest day of eating and the most intense workout session, and that’s where water comes in. Instagrammer Laury Ann has a detox water for every craving: calming and balanced, sweet-tart, herbaceous, or straight-up fruity. Channel the spa with cucumber-lemon water or hot summer days with lemonade-inspired raspberry-lemon water. Whatever you choose is sure to be a refreshing break from your plain bottle.", "Anti-Aging and Anti-Bloat Detox Water (click to see recipe). I hope you found these recipes helpful! All the Detox Bottles are available on www.shopblogilates.com ! Remember…if your urine looks like lemonade, you are DEHYDRATED. If it looks like lime juice, you’re in the clear and doing well. ", "Whether you're feeling bloated, lethargic, or just wanting to flush out some toxins from the body, this drink is a go-to! It contains 4 ingredients: water, tea, lemon, and mint leaves-each of which are beneficial to helping cleanse the body. Regularly drinking water helps push toxins through the body, making the job of organs such as the kidneys and liver easier. Green Tea: Green tea is my go-to choice for this detox drink, but there are a plethora of other teas that offer similar benefits.", "Instead we want to go on a Light and Clean Detox Plan for the next 2 - 3 days to: 1. Release Water Retention & Bloating. 2. Rebalance Your Blood Sugar Level. 3. Recharge Your Energy & Metabolism. This detox plan will be based on cutting out starchy carbs in order for your body to flush out the unneeded water rapidly. ", "Water is just all around good for us! Regularly drinking water helps push toxins through the body, making the job of organs such as the kidneys and liver easier. Green Tea: Green tea is my go-to choice for this detox drink, but there are a plethora of other teas that offer similar benefits. Where do I even begin with green tea benefits? Green tea helps fight inflammation in the body, boost immunity, and reduce stress.", "People can also retain too much water if they eat a diet high in sodium, which can lead to the risks of high blood pressure. Furthermore, medications, such as prednisone and popular anti-inflammatories, can also cause excess water gain. Common Physiological Causes of Abdominal Bloating and Distention. ", "Bloating is a common, day-to-day battle that can leave you wondering what triggered your bulging belly. The answers may be hidden in what you’re eating. Start the fight against bloating today by identifying the common culprits, and what you can do to keep your belly flat and pain-free. Posted on 8/15/2011 | Comments (). If this sounds like you, the triggers may not be how much you’re eating, but what you’re eating. Once you trace the root of your problem, you can employ some belly-rescuing cures to help you win the war against bloating and take back control of your body.", "This is a big cause of stomach bloating. - Eating foods that cause bloating (you're allergic to them). There are a few simple changes you can make to your life to eliminate bloating. - Start eating more fiber-rich foods. These includes fresh vegetables such as cabbages, brocolli, spinach, cauliflower, carrots, and asparagus. If you're suffering from some chronic problem (not just bloating and constipation) such as candida, or acne, colon cleansing can probably help cleanse your colon, and heal them. Because of the poor diet and lifestyle most people have, our colons are in such a sickening state, and a danger to long-term health.", "So, it's important for us to cleanse our body from the toxins that have built up over the weeks of holiday abuse. We won't be doing any extreme detox like going on a liquid diet for the next 3 days, because it's not needed. Instead we want to go on a Light & Clean. Detox Plan for the next 2-3 days to: 1) Release Water Retention & Bloating. 2) Rebalance Your Blood Sugar Level. 3) Recharge Your Energy & Metabolism. This detox plan will be based on cutting out starchy carbs in order for your body to flush out the unneeded water rapidly. We will be eating a lot of plant based foods, protein and healthy fat instead. " ], "url": [ "http://www.pureinsideout.com/bloating-causes-and-remedies.html", "http://www.eatthis.com/14-detox-waters-banish-bloat", "http://www.blogilates.com/blog/2014/04/13/3-detox-water-recipes-belly-slimming-anti-bloating-craving-control/", "http://www.laurengleisberg.com/2014/06/my-go-to-detox-drink-to-reduce-bloating.html", "http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BzxgQVF3CZs", "http://www.laurengleisberg.com/2014/06/my-go-to-detox-drink-to-reduce-bloating.html", "http://www.detoxologie.com/bloating-symptoms-causes-and-relief/", "http://www.doctoroz.com/article/bloating-101-how-beat-bulging-belly", "http://www.colonzone.org/bloating.php", "http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7f4bkB3BO5o" ] }

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[ "An oral temperature of 98.6°F." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "The ideal core temperature is considered to be around 98.6° Degree Fahrenheit or 37° degree Celsius. This temperature is however, the average body temperature and the overall normal temperature varies from a minimum of 97.7° Fahrenheit (36.5° Celsius) to a maximum of almost 99.5° Fahrenheit (37.5° Celsius). Any temperature above or below this range is abnormal. ", "The normal body temperature has long been thought to be 98.6 degrees Fahrenheit, but there are several factors that affect body temperature. Normal body temperature varies by person and can also increase or decrease as a person ages, changes environment, changes diet or alters medication. ", "Normal human body temperature varies slightly from person to person and by the time of day. Consequently, each type of measurement has a range of normal temperatures. The range for normal human body temperatures, taken orally, is 7002309950000000000♠36.8±0.5 °C (7002309927777777777♠98.2±0.9 °F). The body temperature of a healthy person varies during the day by about 0.5 °C (0.9 °F) with lower temperatures in the morning and higher temperatures in the late afternoon and evening, as the body's needs and activities change.", "Average human body temperature. Body temperature changes throughout the day. It is the lowest in the early morning between 4 and 6 a.m., and the highest in the early evening between 6 and 8 p.m. Normal temperature is about 37°C or 98.6°F. Normal body temperature for healthy babies is in the range of 96.8°F to 98.6°F, or 36°C to 37°C. If the baby's body temperature rises above 100.4°F to 101.3°F, then it is considered as indication of fever. If it falls below 96.8°F then the child has low temperature and needs immediate warming up.", "Most people think of a normal body temperature as an oral temperature of 98.6°F (37°C) . This is an average of normal body temperatures. Your temperature may actually be 1°F (0.6°C) or more above or below 98.6°F (37°C) . Also, your normal body temperature changes by as much as 1°F (0.6°C) throughout the day, depending on how active you are and the time of day. Body temperature is very sensitive to hormone levels and may be higher or lower when a woman is ovulating or having her menstrual period.", "Most people think a normal body temperature is an oral temperature (by mouth) of 37°C (98.6°F) . This is an average of normal body temperatures. Your normal temperature may actually be 0.6°C (1°F) or more above or below this. Also, your normal temperature changes by as much as 0.6°C (1°F) during the day, depending on how active you are and the time of day. Body temperature is very sensitive to hormone levels. So a woman's temperature may be higher or lower when she is ovulating or having her menstrual period.", "Pyrexia in Cats. The normal body temperature for cats falls in the range of 99.5-102.5 Fahrenheit. Fever, referred to medically as pyrexia, can be defined as a higher than normal body temperature in cats – a body temperature of at least 103.5 ° F (39.7° C). ", "Fever symptoms. A fever is a high temperature when the body's temperature rises above 37.5C (99.5F). The normal body temperature is between 36C-37C (96.8F-98.6F). The high temperature or fever often lasts around two to three days. Check for high temperature or fever using an appropriate thermometer and following the instructions." ], "url": [ "http://drsircus.com/medicine/low-body-temperature-symptoms-causes-treat/", "http://www.ehow.com/about_5040689_normal-body-temperature.html", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Normal_human_body_temperature", "http://www.medguidance.com/thread/Normal-Body-Temperature.html", "http://www.webmd.com/first-aid/body-temperature", "http://www.healthlinkbc.ca/medicaltests/content.asp?hwid=hw198785", "http://www.petmd.com/cat/conditions/immune/c_ct_fever", "http://www.webmd.boots.com/a-to-z-guides/fever-symptoms-causes-treatment" ] }

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[ "Chyme is the semifluid mass of partly digested food that is expelled by the stomach into the duodenum and moves through the intestines during digestion." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "Chyme (/kaɪm/ ; from Greek χυμός khymos, juice) is the semifluid mass of partly digested food that is expelled by the stomach into the duodenum and moves through the intestines during digestion. Depending on the quantity and contents of the meal, the stomach will digest the food into chyme in anywhere between 40 minutes to a few hours. With a pH of approximately 2, chyme emerging from the stomach is very acidic. The duodenum secretes a hormone, cholecystokinin (CCK), which causes the gall bladder to contract, releasing alkaline bile into the duodenum. CCK also causes the release of digestive enzymes from the pancreas", "The stomach lies between the esophagus and the duodenum (the first part of the small intestine). It is in the left upper part of the abdominal cavity. The top of the stomach lies against the diaphragm. Lying behind the stomach is the pancreas. The stomach is a muscular, hollow, dilated part of the digestive system which functions as an important organ of the digestive tract in many animals, including vertebrates, echinoderms, insects (mid-gut), and molluscs.", "Chyme has a low pH that is countered by the production of bile, helping to further digest food. Chyme is part liquid and part solid: a thick semifluid mass of partially digested food and digestive secretions that is formed in the stomach and small intestine during digestion. Depending on the quantity and contents of the meal, the stomach will digest the food into chyme in anywhere between 40 minutes to a few hours. With a pH of approximately 2, chyme emerging from the stomach is very acidic. The duodenum secretes a hormone, cholecystokinin (CCK), which causes the gall bladder to contract, releasing alkaline bile into the duodenum. CCK also causes the release of digestive enzymes from the pancreas", "First, it stores the swallowed food and liquid. To do this, the muscle of the upper part of the stomach relaxes to accept large volumes of swallowed material. The second job is to mix up the food, liquid, and digestive juice produced by the stomach. The lower part of the stomach mixes these materials by its muscle action. The third task of the stomach is to empty its contents slowly into the small intestine. ", "1 The esophagus connects to the stomach at a small region called the cardia. 2 The cardia is a narrow, tube-like region that opens up into the wider regions of the stomach. 3 Within the cardia is the lower esophageal sphincter, a band of muscle tissue that contracts to hold food and acid inside of the stomach. The stomach is the main food storage tank of the body. If it were not for the stomach’s storage capacity, we would have to eat constantly instead of just a few times each day.", "In the stomach, a large sack-like organ, the food is churned and mixed with a strong gastric (mostly hydrochloric) acid. Only partly digested, this mix in the s … tomach is called chyme. Additional Information: However, the digestive process isn't restricted to the stomach. Digestion is accomplished over the full range of the digestive system, beginning in the mouth and ending at the anus. ", "In most vertebrates, the stomach is located between the esophagus and the small intestine. It secretes protein-digesting enzymes called proteases and gastric acid to aid in food digestion, through smooth muscular contractions before sending partially digested food (chyme) to the small intestines. The stomach is a muscular, hollow, dilated part of the digestive system which functions as an important organ of the digestive tract in many animals, including vertebrates, echinoderms, insects (mid-gut), and molluscs.", "Picture of the Stomach. © 2009 WebMD, LLC. All rights reserved. The stomach is a muscular organ located on the left side of the upper abdomen. The stomach receives food from the esophagus. As food reaches the end of the esophagus, it enters the stomach through a muscular valve called the lower esophageal sphincter. The stomach secretes acid and enzymes that digest food. Ridges of muscle tissue called rugae line the stomach. The stomach muscles contract periodically, churning food to enhance digestion. " ], "url": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chyme", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stomach", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chyme", "http://www.mcwdn.org/body/digestive.html", "http://www.innerbody.com/image_digeov/dige11-new.html", "http://www.answers.com/Q/What_is_the_name_of_the_partly_digested_food_that_leaves_the_stomach", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stomach", "http://www.webmd.com/digestive-disorders/picture-of-the-stomach" ] }

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[ "Handsome; a lord.", "It is a Greek baby name." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "Adonis. The name of Greek goddess Aphrodite's male lover, who was a great and handsome hunter until a boar killed him. She turned him into a rose to remember him. It is the one male name that will guarantee a very vain, extremely hot, and exceedingly pompous son.", "Adonis /ado-nis/ [3 sylls.] as a boys' name is pronounced a-DAHN-iss. It is of Greek origin, and the meaning of Adonis is extremely good looking, handsome . Greek mythology: a youth beloved of Aphrodite, goddess of love. The name has come to mean a paragon of male beauty, making it very hard to live with. Kreatif forms: Aaadonis, Adomis, Adonisaa. Adonis is an uncommon given name for men but a very popular last name for all people (#66676 out of 150436, Top 44%). (2000 U.S. Census). Presented below is the birth name popularity of Adonis for boys.", "Adonia /ado-nia/ [4 sylls.] as a girls' name (also used as boys' name Adonia) is pronounced ah-DOHN-yah. It is of Greek origin, and the meaning of Adonia is extremely good looking. Feminine of Adonis. Greek mythology: Adonis was a young man so beautiful that Aphrodite, goddess of love, became enamored of him. ", "3. Adonis - (Greek mythology) a handsome youth loved by both Aphrodite and Persephone; when Adonis died Zeus decreed that he should spend winters in the underworld with Persephone and spend summers with Aphrodite. Greek mythology-the mythology of the ancient Greeks. n. 1. Greek Mythology A strikingly beautiful youth loved by Aphrodite, who transformed the drops of his blood into anemones after he was killed by a boar. 2. often adonis A handsome young man.", "The name Adonia (Greek) is the female version of Adonis. Addonia, Adohnes, Adones, Adoniah (Hebrew), Adonias (Adonías), Spanish, Donis, donnie And donny are variants Of. Adonis adonis is fairly popular as a baby name for. boys Adonis is used predominantly in the English, Greek, and Spanish languages, and its origin is Phoenician. It is derived from the element 'adon' meaning lord, ruler. Adonai (Semitic) is an original form", "Adonis is fairly popular as a baby name for boys. The name's popularity has been growing since the 1990s; before that, it was of infrequent use only. Its usage peaked modestly in 2012 with 0.018% of baby boys being given the name Adonis. Adonis is used predominantly in the English, Greek, and Spanish languages, and its origin is Phoenician. It is derived from the element 'adon' meaning lord, ruler. Adonai (Semitic) is an original form of Adonis.", "Greek Meaning: The name Adonis is a Greek baby name. In Greek the meaning of the name Adonis is: Handsome; a lord. Greek mythology; a youth beloved of Aphrodite. American Meaning: The name Adonis is an American baby name. In American the meaning of the name Adonis is: Handsome; a lord", "Adonis is generally used as a boy's name. It consists of 6 letters and 3 syllables and is pronounced A-do-nis. In the U.S. in 2014, it ranked 726 in baby name popularity for boys with 327 occurrences. Less than 5 girls were given the name. View the Adonis Name Popularity Page to see how the popularity trend for Adonis has changed since 1880, or to compare the popularity of Adonis to other names.", "[ 3 syll. a-do-nis, ad-on-is ] The baby boy name Adonis is sometimes used as a girl name. It is pronounced in English as ah-D AA-NahS or ah-D OW-NahS †. Adonis is used predominantly in the English, Greek, and Spanish languages, and its origin is Phoenician. It is derived from the element 'adon' meaning lord, ruler. Adonai (Semitic) is an original form of Adonis." ], "url": [ "http://www.urbandictionary.com/define.php?term=Adonis", "http://www.thinkbabynames.com/meaning/1/Adonis", "http://www.thinkbabynames.com/meaning/0/Adonia", "http://www.thefreedictionary.com/ADONIS", "http://www.babynamespedia.com/meaning/Adonis/m", "http://www.babynamespedia.com/meaning/Adonis/m", "http://www.sheknows.com/baby-names/name/adonis", "http://www.ourbabynamer.com/meaning-of-Adonis.html", "http://www.babynamespedia.com/meaning/Adonis/m" ] }

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[ "No, puppy strangles is not contagious to other animals or humans." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "Puppy Strangles-A Potentially Devastating Skin Disease. Puppy appointments are one of the great perks of being a veterinarian. It's hard to be in a bad mood when faced with an adorable bundle of exuberance, which makes puppies suffering from a disease called strangles, or juvenile cellulitis, especially pitiful. Puppy strangles is an odd disease. First of all, it tends to only affect puppies younger than four months of age, and for all the world it looks like it should be caused by a bacterial infection. Affected puppies develop some combination of the following symptoms: 1 facial swelling.", "Puppy strangles is not considered contagious but there can be multiple puppies affected from the same litter as they may share a similar issue with their related immune systems. Treatment for puppy strangles is immunosuppressive doses of steroids that are gradually tapered off over time. Please try again later. Puppy strangles, also known as puppy or juvenile cellulitis, is an immune issue in puppies that is often mistaken for staphylococcal pyoderma, a skin infection. Affected puppies develop pimples and pustules on their face, lips, eyelids and muzzle. Some puppies can develop sores of the anal and genital area as well", "Overview of Puppy Strangles. Puppy strangles is a disorder that affects pups less than four months of age and is not completely understood. Several names have been used. They include juvenile pyoderma, juvenile cellulitis and lymphadenitis, juvenile sterile glaucomatous dermatitis and lymphadentitis, and puppy strangles. The disorder is a pustular and crusting dermatitis or skin inflammation that occurs in puppies less than three to four months of age. ", "Report Abuse. Puppy strangles is a cellulitis. It can affect one pup in a litter or it can affect the entire litter as well. Steriods is the main treatment for this condition, also the pups are put on atibiotics, there is no breed predisposition also no gender predisposition as well. ", "ADVERTISEMENT. Puppy strangles, or juvenile cellulitis, is a nodular and pustular skin disorder that affects puppies. It usually occurs between the ages of three weeks and four months, and is rarely seen in adult dogs. The face, pinnae (outer part of the ear), and salivary lymph nodes are the most common sites to be affected. ", "View More Dog Veterinary Questions. Puppy strangles may be a very scary condition; this may be more commonly known as juvenile cellulitis. Typically this condition may not be seen very often, but when it is typically it may affect a certain age group. The most common age group may be from 3 weeks of age to 4 months. Puppy strangles may not be a life threatening condition, but it may need vet attention quickly. This condition may have several symptoms and could cause serious reactions to a dog’s body. In some cases puppy strangles could cause a dog to have severe scars on the muzzle or ears.", "No, puppy strangles is not contagious to other animals or humans. My little foster. puppy has it and is improving because he's taking Clavamox 2X/day and Prednisone once a day. ", "Puppy strangles is a scary term for a condition of the skin more technically described as juvenile cellulitis or puppy pyoderma. While it’s not a common problem, it most frequently affects puppies less than 12 weeks old. There’s something even more heartbreaking when it affects youngsters. ", "Puppy strangles is a disease of puppies, also referred to as puppy head gland disease, juvenile pyoderma and juvenile cellulitis. It is a relatively rare condition and so, may not initially be considered when puppies are first presented with what appears to be staphylococcal pyoderma. " ], "url": [ "http://www.philly.com/philly/blogs/phillypets/20140723_PETMD_Puppy_Strangles_____A_Potentially_Devastating_Skin_Disease.html", "http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=a5xbDL1Kj74", "http://www.petplace.com/article/dogs/diseases-conditions-of-dogs/skin/puppy-strangles", "https://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20071116173538AAyUord", "http://www.petmd.com/dog/conditions/skin/c_dg_puppy_strangles", "http://www.justanswer.com/topics-strangles/", "http://www.answers.com/Q/Are_puppy_strangles_contagious", "http://puppies.about.com/od/FirstAid/a/Puppy-Strangles.htm", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puppy_strangles" ] }

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[ "$15,000 to $30,000" ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "The cost of framing is generally measured in cost per square foot. It can cost anywhere between $150 and $325 per square foot to frame a timber frame house. Stick frame houses are generally less expensive to frame; the cost is generally between $100 and $200 per square foot. ", "1 An average house framing labor rate nationwide is about $6-$8 a square foot, or $10,000-$25,000 for 1,600-3,000 square feet. 2 For example, at DoItYourself.com a homeowner reports paying $12,000 for framing labor for a 1,600-square-foot home plus basement and two-car garage, or about $7.50 a square foot. 1 Framing materials typically cost more than labor. 2 It can cost $3-$12 or more a square foot based on the current price of lumber (or steel) and the size and design of the structure.", "1 This is especially true in today’s environment of rising prices. 2 A reasonable estimate for house building lumber costs is somewhere around $15 to $30 per square foot. 3 For an average sized home, this works out to approximately $35 to $55,000 (this price also includes the price of nails, etc.). Typical costs: Framing constitutes 60% to 70% of the total cost of building a house. Labor accounts for the other 30% to 40%. 1 Lumber prices are always fluctuating and can be difficult to predict.", "1 Some new homes might use steel framing, but most residential construction is done with wood framing. 2 Framing materials typically cost more than labor. 3 It can cost $3-$12 or more a square foot based on the current price of lumber (or steel) and the size and design of the structure. 1 Framing materials typically cost more than labor. 2", "1 The labor costs to frame a home typically run $5 to $10 per square foot. 2 This can fluctuate a bit depending on local labor costs and seasonal rates. 3 It should work out to an average total of $15,000 to $30,000 to frame a building. Typical costs: Framing constitutes 60% to 70% of the total cost of building a house. Labor accounts for the other 30% to 40%. 1 Lumber prices are always fluctuating and can be difficult to predict.", "1 A reasonable estimate for house building lumber costs is somewhere around $15 to $30 per square foot. 2 For an average sized home, this works out to approximately $35 to $55,000 (this price also includes the price of nails, etc.). Typical costs: Framing constitutes 60% to 70% of the total cost of building a house. Labor accounts for the other 30% to 40%. 1 Lumber prices are always fluctuating and can be difficult to predict.", "How much does it cost to frame a house? Framing a new house typically estimated at $11 - $22 per square foot for labor and materials. Custom made house framing including building multiple dormers, arches, 2 – 3 levels ceilings or complicated roof designs might increase the price up to 50% - 70% or even more. Estimating labor cost. Standard 2,100 square feet house will cost $9,030 - $17,220 or $4.30 - $8.20 per sq. ft. for labor and crew of five should be able to complete the work and pass framing inspection within 2 – 3 weeks. Contractor typically will estimate garage area at 15 – 20% lower rate than living space", "1 According to the National Association of Home Builders, current lumber prices are just under $350 per 1,000 board feet. 2 The labor costs to frame a home typically run $5 to $10 per square foot. 3 This can fluctuate a bit depending on local labor costs and seasonal rates. Typical costs: Framing constitutes 60% to 70% of the total cost of building a house. Labor accounts for the other 30% to 40%. 1 Lumber prices are always fluctuating and can be difficult to predict.", "1 Framing labor can cost $2-$12 or a more a square foot, or $3,500-$36,000 for a 1,600- to 3,000-square-foot home, depending on location and what's included. 2 An average house framing labor rate nationwide is about $6-$8 a square foot, or $10,000-$25,000 for 1,600-3,000 square feet. 1 Framing materials typically cost more than labor. 2 It can cost $3-$12 or more a square foot based on the current price of lumber (or steel) and the size and design of the structure." ], "url": [ "http://www.ehow.com/about_4682562_much-does-cost-frame-house.html", "http://home.costhelper.com/framing.html", "http://costowl.com/home-improvement/foundations-framing-house-cost.html", "http://home.costhelper.com/framing.html", "http://costowl.com/home-improvement/foundations-framing-house-cost.html", "http://costowl.com/home-improvement/foundations-framing-house-cost.html", "http://www.rempros.com/installation-prices/house_framing_cost.html", "http://costowl.com/home-improvement/foundations-framing-house-cost.html", "http://home.costhelper.com/framing.html" ] }

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[ "The Ancient Greeks lived in mainland Greece and the Greek islands, but also in what is now Turkey, and in colonies scattered around the Mediterranean sea coast." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 1, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "The Greeks called themselves Hellenes, and their land was Hellas. The name Greece comes from the Romans. The name 'Hellenes' came from a legendary hero named Hellen (a man, and not the same as Helen of Troy). Some Greek philosophers did not mind shocking people or being laughed at.", "After the Minoans came the Myceneans. They were soldiers from mainland Greece, and were the Greeks who fought Troy in the 1200s BC. After the Mycenean age ended, about 1100 BC, Greece entered a Dark Age. This lasted until the 800s BC when the Greeks set off by sea to explore and set up colonies.", "Ancient Greece is a large area in the north-east of the Mediterranean, where people spoke Greek. It was much bigger than the Greece we know today. It was the civilization of Greece from the Archaic, period of the 8th/6th centuries BC to 146 BC. The period ended with the Roman conquest of Greece in the Battle of Corinth. For most of this time the Greeks did not have a single government or ruler. There were a number of city states, each with its own constitution.", "The Ancient Greeks lived in mainland Greece and the Greek islands, but also in what is now Turkey, and in colonies scattered around the Mediterranean sea coast.", "Ancient Greece is called 'the birthplace of Western civilisation'. About 2500 years ago, the Greeks created a way of life that other people admired and copied. The Romans copied Greek art and Greek gods, for example." ], "url": [ "http://www.bbc.co.uk/schools/primaryhistory/ancient_greeks/greek_world/", "http://www.bbc.co.uk/schools/primaryhistory/ancient_greeks/greek_world/", "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ancient_Greece", "http://www.bbc.co.uk/schools/primaryhistory/ancient_greeks/greek_world/", "http://www.bbc.co.uk/schools/primaryhistory/ancient_greeks/greek_world/" ] }

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